Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes
(Bulgaria and Greece) I BIODIVERSITY OF BULGARIA 3
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SOFIA
The present volume of the series “Biodiversity of Bulgaria”, treating the Western Rhodope Mountains, contains 40 papers by 71 authors. It starts with a geographical outline. It includes general reviews of the Mycota (1,763 species of fungi), mosses (364 species) and algae (1,257 species, varieties and forms) of the entire Rhodopes. One paper each concerns the higher flora and the arboreal diversity of the Western Rhodopes. Most of the contributions (34) treat animal diversity, altogether considering 3,958 species of Rhizopoda, Nematoda, Oligochaeta, Acanthocephala, Cladocera, Calanoida, Copepoda, Syncarida, Amphipoda, Ephemeroptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Trichoptera, Diptera, Mollusca, Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, Insectivora, Rodentia, Lagomorpha and Macromammalia. For each of these higher taxa, regions and groups important for conservation, as well as endemics, relicts, protected and endangered species are outlined. The book is addressed to botanists and zoologists, conservationists, biogeographers, and all lovers of the Balkan’s nature.
Editor Petar Beron
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B I O D I V E R S I T Y
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O F
B U L G A R I A
Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I Editor Petar Beron
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SOFIA
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BIODIVERSITY OF WESTERN RHODOPES (BULGARIA AND GREECE) I БИОРАЗНООБРАЗИЕ НА ЗАПАДНИТЕ РОДОПИ (БЪЛГАРИЯ И ГЪРЦИЯ) I
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Биоразнообразие на България
3 БИОРАЗНООБРАЗИЕ НА ЗАПАДНИТЕ РОДОПИ (БЪЛГАРИЯ И ГЪРЦИЯ) I Редактор Петър Берон
Издателство Пенсофт Национален природонаучен музей Българска академия на науките София, 2006
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Biodiversity of Bulgaria
3 BIODIVERSITY OF WESTERN RHODOPES (BULGARIA AND GREECE) I Editor Petar Beron
Pensoft Publishers National Museum of Natural History Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia, 2006
4 BIODIVERSITY OF BULGARIA 3: BIODIVERSITY OF WESTERN RHODOPES (BULGARIA AND GREECE) I Editor Petar Beron
© National Museum of Natural History ISBN-10: 954-8828-04-9 ISBN-13: -978-954-8828-04-8
© PENSOFT Publishers ISBN-10: 954-642-279-7 ISBN-13: 978-954-642-279-8 Pensoft Series Faunistica No 56 ISSN 1312-0174
© Boyan Petrov, cover photograph: Chudnite mostove (Wonderful bridges) is one of the most amazing landmark in the Western Rhodopes mountain
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.
Printed in Bulgaria, December 2006
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Contents Foreward ........................................................................................................................................................ 11 Petar STEFANOV Physical-Geographical Characteristics of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) ...... 15 Cvetomir DENCHEV, Melania GYOSHEVA, Ganka BAKALOVA, Violeta FAKIROVA, Roumyana PETROVA, Evtimia DIMITROVA, Ekaterina SAMEVA, Dimitar STOYKOV, Boris ASSYOV, Siyka NIKOLOVA Fungal diversity of the Rhodopes (Bulgaria) ............................................................................... 81 Dobrina TEMNISKOVA, Ivan KIRJAKOV Biodiversity of algae in the Rhodopes (Bulgaria) .....................................................................133 Anna GANEVA Bryophyte diversity in the Rhodopes Mts. (Bulgaria) ............................................................. 177 Dimitar DIMITROV New data on the Vascular Flora of the West Rhodopes (Bulgaria).........................................191 Alexander ALEXANDROV, Alexander DELKOV Dendrological diversity in Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria) .......................................................195 Vassil GOLEMANSKY V., Milcho TODOROV, Blagovest TEMELKOV Diversity and biotopic distribution of the Rhizopods (Rhizopoda: Lobosia and Filosia) from the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria) ...............................................................................................205 Stefan STOICHEV On the free-living freshwater nematode fauna (Nematoda, Nemathelminthes) of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria) .....................................................................................................................221 Yordan UZUNOV Review of aquatic oligochets (Oligochaeta Limicola) from water bodies of the Rhodopes Mountains (Bulgaria) ...................................................................................................................227 Zlatka M. DIMITROVA, Boyko B. GEORGIEV, Todor GENOV Review of the species of the phylum Acanthocephala recorded from the Bulgarian part of the Rhodopes Mountains ...................................................................................................................249 Ivan PANDOURSKI Lower free-living and stygobiont Crustaceans (Cladocera, Calanoida, Copepoda, Syncarida and Amphipoda) from Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria).............................................................255 Yanka VIDINOVA Mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Insecta) from the Rhodopes Mountains (Bulgaria and Greece) ...269 Borislav GUÉORGUIEV, Jorge Miguel LOBO Аdephagous beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Adephaga) in the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) ............................................................................................................................................283
6 Georgi GEORGIEV, Enrico MIGLIACCIO, Danail DOYCHEV Longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria) .........347 Eugeni CHEHLAROV Histeridae (Insecta: Coleoptera) from the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria) .............................361 Danail DOYCHEV, Dinko OVCHAROV Bark Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in the Bulgarian Part of the Rhodopes ...365 Pavel ANGELOV, Kiril METODIEV Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria)...............................383 Vassila JORDANOVA Ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in the Westеrn Rhodopes (Bulgaria) .......................437 Blagoy GRUEV The leaf beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Faunistic and zoogeography .........................................................................................443 Nikolai BALEVSKI Checklist of the Braconid fauna (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) colected in the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria) ........................................................................................................................................495 Toshko LJUBOMIROV A survey of the faunistic investigations on the Hymenopteran families Siricidae, Orussidae, Stephanidae, Chrysididae, Bethylidae, Sapygidae, Scoliidae, Tiphiidae, Mutillidae, Pompilidae, Sphecidae, and Crabronidae from Western Rhodopes – Bulgaria and Greece (Insecta: Hymenoptera)................................................................................................................................527 Anelia STOJANOVA Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria) .............547 Peter BOYADZHIEV Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria) ................ 561 Krassimir KUMANSKI Trichoptera (Insecta) from the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece)............................581 Mihail KECHEV Dolichopodidae (Diptera, Brachycera) of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria) .......................613 Venelin L. BESCHOVSKI Diptera Brachycera (Insecta: Diptera), established in the Western Rhodopes Mountains (Bulgaria) ........................................................................................................................................617 Emilia MARKOVA Hoverflies (Syrphidae, Diptera) from the Rhodopes, Bulgaria ..............................................675 Zdravko HUBENOV Tachinidae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Western Rhodopes ....................................................689
7 Ivanka POPOVA Species of the families Anisopodidae, Hesperenidae and Ptychopteridae (Diptera: Nematocera) in the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria) ..........................................................................................699 Dimitar BECHEV Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae) of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria)............................................................. 701 Paraskeva MICHAILOVA Family Chironomidae (Diptera) from Rhodopes Mountains ................................................711 Diana GANEVA Tabanids (Tabanidae, Diptera) of the Bulgarian part of the Rhodopes ................................719 Venelin BESCHOVSKI Faunistic Review of some Nematocera Families (Diptera) Established in the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria) ........................................................................................................................................729 Atanas IRIKOV, Ivelin MOLLOV Terrestrial gastropods fauna (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Western Rhodopes Mountain (Bulgaria) ........................................................................................................................................753 Zdravko HUBENOV Freshwater mollusks (Mollusca) from the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria) .............................833 Tihomir STEFANOV, Teodora TRICHKOVA The Ichthyofauna of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria) ..........................................................843 Boyan P. PETROV, Nikolay TZANKOV, Henk STRIJBOSCH, Georgi POPGEORGIEV, Vladimir BESHKOV The herpetofauna (Amphibia and Reptilia) of the Western Rhodopes mountain (Bulgaria and Greece) ....................................................................................................................................863 Tseno PETROV, Dimitar DEMERDZIEV, Georgi POPGEOGRIEV, Lyubomir PROFIROV, Kalin VELEV, Kamelia DIMITROVA, Dimitar PLACHIYSKI Birds of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) ...........................................................913 Sirma ZIDAROVA Small mammals (Insectivora, Rodentia and Lagomorpha) of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria) ........................................................................................................................................949 Nikolay SPASSOV, Zheko SPIRIDONOV Status of large Mammals (Macromammalia) the in Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria) ............959
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Съдържание Предговор .................................................................................................................................................... 13 Петър СТЕФАНОВ Физикогеографска характеристика на Западните Родопи (България и Гърция) .......... 77 Цветомир ДЕНЧЕВ, Мелания ГЬОШЕВА, Ганка БАКАЛОВА, Виолета ФАКИРОВА, Румяна ПЕТРОВА, Евтимия ДИМИТРОВА, Екатерина СЪМЕВА, Димитър СТОЙКОВ, Борис АСЬОВ, Сийка НИКОЛОВА Гъбно разнообразие на Родопите (България) .......................................................................131 Добрина ТЕМНИСКОВА, Иван КИРЯКОВ Биоразнообразие на водораслите в Родопите (България) ...............................................175 Анна ГАНЕВА Разнообразието от мъхове в Родопите ..............................................................................190 Димитър ДИМИТРОВ Нови данни за васкуларната флора на Западните Родопи (България) ..........................194 Александър АЛЕКСАНДРОВ, Александър ДЕЛКОВ Дендрологично разнообразие на Западните Родопи (България) .....................................203 Васил ГОЛЕМАНСКИ, Милчо ТОДОРОВ, Благовест ТЕМЕЛКОВ Разнообразие и биотопично разпространение на ризоподите (Rhizopoda: Lobosia и Filosia) от Западните Родопи (България) .............................................................................220 Стефан СТОЙЧЕВ Върху свободноживеещата нематодна фауна (Nematoda, Nemathelminthes) от Западните Родопи (България) ..................................................................................................226 Йордан УЗУНОВ Преглед върху водните олигохети (Oligochaeta, Limicola) от водни тела в планината Родопи (Южна България) ..........................................................................................................247 Златка М. ДИМИТРОВА, Бойко Б. ГЕОРГИЕВ, Тодор ГЕНОВ Преглед на видовете от тип Acanthocephala, съобщени от българската част на Родопите ......................................................................................................................................254 Иван ПАНДУРСКИ Нисши свободноживеещи и стигобионтни ракообразни (Cladocera, Calanoida, Copepoda, Syncarida и Amphipoda) от Западните Родопи (България) .........................267 Янка ВИДИНОВА Еднодневки (Ephemeroptera, Insecta) от Родопите (България и Гърция) ......................281 Борислав В. ГЕОРГИЕВ, Хорхе Мигел ЛОБО Адефагни бръмбари (Insecta: Coleoptera: Adephaga) в Западните Родопи (България и Гърция) ...........................................................................................................................................343
9 Георги ГЕОРГИЕВ, Eнрико МИЛИАЧО, Данаил ДОЙЧЕВ Сечковци (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) от Западните Родопи (България) ......................360 Евгени ЧЕХЛАРОВ Histeridae (Insecta: Coleoptera) от Западните Родопи (България) ...................................364 Данаил ДОЙЧЕВ, Динко ОВЧАРОВ Корояди (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) от българската част на Родопите ..381 Павел АНГЕЛОВ, Кирил МЕТОДИЕВ Хоботниците (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) на Западните Родопи (България) ............436 Васила ЙОРДАНОВА Калинки (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) в Западните Родопи (България) .............................441 Благой ГРУЕВ Листоядите (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) на Западните Родопи (България и Гърция). Фаунистика и зоогеография .....................................................................................493 Николай БАЛЕВСКИ Анотиран списък на браконидната ентомофауна (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) в Западните Родопи (България) .......................................................................................................................526 Тошко ЛЮБОМИРОВ Преглед на фаунистичните изследвания върху ципокрилите насекоми от семействата Siricidae, Orussidae, Stephanidae, Chrysididae, Bethylidae, Sapygidae, Scoliidae, Tiphiidae, Mutillidae, Pompilidae, Sphecidae и Crabronidae от Западните Родопи – България и Гърция (Insecta: Hymenoptera).................................................................................................................545 Анелия СТОЯНОВА Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) от Западните Родопи (България) .............. 560 Петър БОЯДЖИЕВ Семейство Eulophidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) в Западните Родопи (България) ... 579 Красимир КУМАНСКИ Ручейниците (Insecta: Trichoptera) от Западните Родопи (България и Гърция) ..........609 Михаил КЕЧЕВ Семейство Dolichopodidae (Diptera, Brachycera) в Западните Родопи (България) .....616 Венелин БЕШОВСКИ Diptera Brachycera (Insecta), установени в Западните Родопи (България) ....................673 Емилия МАРКОВА Сирфидни мухи (Syrphidae, Diptera) от Родопите, България..........................................688 Здравко ХУБЕНОВ Tachinidae (Diptera) от Западните Родопи (България) ...................................................... 697
10 Иванка ПОПОВА Видове от семейства Anisopodidae, Hesperenidae и Ptychopteridae (Diptera: Nematocera) от Западните Родопи (България)........................................................................................... 700 Димитър БЕЧЕВ Гъбни комари (Diptera: Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae) от Западните Родопи (България) ..............................................................710 Параскева МИХАЙЛОВА Семейство Chironomidae (Diptera) от Родопите (България) .........................................718 Диана ГАНЕВА Табанидите (Tabanidae, Diptera) от българската част на Родопите............................728 Венелин БЕШОВСКИ Фаунистичен преглед на някои семейства Nematocera (Diptera), установени в Западните Родопи (България) .......................................................................................................................752 Атанас ИРИКОВ, Ивелин МОЛЛОВ Сухоземна гастроподна фауна (Mollusca: Gastropoda) на Западните Родопи (България)...831 Здравко ХУБЕНОВ Сладководни мекотели (Mollusca) от Западните Родопи (България)..........................842 Тихомир СТЕФАНОВ, Теодора ТРИЧКОВА Ихтиофауната на Западните Родопи (България) ..............................................................861 Боян ПЕТРОВ, Николай ЦАНКОВ, Хенк СТРИИБОШ, Георги ПОПГЕОРГИЕВ, Владимир БЕШКОВ Херпетофауна (Amphibia & Reptilia) на Западните Родопи (България и Гърция) .......912 Цено ПЕТРОВ, Димитър ДЕМЕРДЖИЕВ, Георги ПОПГЕОРГИЕВ, Любомир ПРОФИРОВ, Калин ВЕЛЕВ, Камелия ДИМИТРОВА, Димитър ПЛАЧИЙСКИ Птиците на Западните Родопи (България и Гърция) .......................................................948 Сирма ЗИДАРОВА Дребни бозайници (Insectivora, Rodentia и Lagomorpha) от Западните Родопи (България и Гърция) ........................................................................................................................................958 Николай СПАСОВ и Жеко СПИРИДОНОВ Състояние на едрите бозайници (Macromammalia) в Западните Родопи (България) ... 974
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Foreword The forthcoming volumes 3 and 4 of the series “Biodiversity of Bulgaria” refer to the biodiversity of the Western Rhodopes. The bigger part of this territory is in Bulgaria, the smaller – in Greek Western Thrace. The Western Rhodopes are higher than the Eastern (the highest point Golyam Perelik Peak reaching 2191 m). They are very forested, mostly covered with old wet coniferous forests, and much richer in caves. There is amazing richness of species and habitats, but the human impact (logging and development) is rapidly increasing. That is why urgent assessment of the biodiversity of the mountain is needed so as to implement conservation measures. Encouraged by the warm reception of volume 2 (Eastern Rhodopes), many of the best Bulgarian specialists chose to participate with articles in the proposed two volumes. The first one contains 40 articles by 71 authors from the National Museum of Natural History, the Institutes of Zoology, Botany and Geography of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, the Central Laboratory of General Ecology, the Biological faculties of the universities of Sofia and Plovdiv. Volume 3 begins with an outline of the geography of the Western Rhodopes (P. Stefanov, Institute of Geography). Three important articles concern the Mycota (Tz. Denchev and al., 1763 species), the mosses and the liverworths (A. Ganeva, 364 species) and the Algae (1257 sp. and subsp., D. Temniskova and I. Kiryakov) of the entire Rhodopes. Most articles (34) concern the fauna of the Western Rhodopes, and namely the groups Rhizopoda, Nematoda, Oligochaeta, Acanthocephala, Cladocera, Calanoida, Copepoda, Syncarida, Amphipoda, Ephemeroptera, Coleoptera (Adephaga, Cerambycidae, Histeridae, Curculionidae Scolytinae, Curculionoidea, Coccinellidae, Chrysomelidae), Hymenoptera (Braconidae, Siricidae, Orussidae, Stephanidae, Chrysididae, Bethylidae, Sapygidae, Scoliidae, Tiphiidae, Mutillidae, Pompilidae, Sphecidae, Crabronidae, Eurytomidae, Eulophidae), Trichoptera, Diptera (Dolichopodidae, Syrphidae, Rhagionidae, Stratiomyidae, Bombylidae, Therevidae, Asilidae, Pipunculidae, Muscidae, Anthomyidae, Calliphoridae, Rhinophoridae, Sarcophagidae, Conopidae, Platystomidae, Tephritidae, Chamaemyidae, Dryomyzidae, Agromyzidae, Chloropidae, Helomyzidae, Sphaeroceridae, Ephydridae, Anisopodidae, Hesperenidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae, Chironomidae, Tabanidae, Limoniidae, Pediciidae, Tipulidae, Culicidae, Simuliidae, Blepharoceridae, Cecidomyidae), Mollusca, Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, Insectivora, Rodentia, Lagomorpha and Macromammalia, altogether 3958 species. A total of 7342 species of animals, plants, algae and fungi find place in this volume. For each group the species important in terms of conservation are highlighted – relicts, endemics, threatened species, and the regions of particular interest for conservation. The second volume on the biodiversity of the Western Rhodopes will contain analyses of the higher flora and of several other groups of animals. Besides the solid foundation laid by this series of studies of the biodiversity of Bulgaria, it also shows the considerable number of Bulgarian specialists working in the field of Biology. The authors consecrete this volume to the memory of the distinguished Bulgarian Entomologist Dr. Krassimir Kumanski (1939-2006), who passed away during the printing. The article on Trichoptera, included in this volume is crowning the many contributions of Dr. Kumanski to the study of this group of insects. The Editor
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Предговор Поредните томове 3 и 4 от серията “Биоразнообразието на България” са посветени на биоразнообразието на Западните Родопи. По-голямата част от тази територия се намира в България, а по-малката – в гръцка Западна Тракия. Западните Родопи са по-високи от Източните (до най-високата точка на цялата планина Голям Перелик, 2191 m), имат много по-обширни масиви от стари влажни иглолистни гори и много повече пещери. Те са и по-проучени от източната част. Богатството на видове и хабитати в тази планина е удивително, но усилената сеч и други антропогенни въздействия налагат да се представи бързо най-пълната възможна картина на биоразнообразието като основа на природозащитни мероприятия. Окуражени от добрия прием на том 2 от поредицата (Биоразнообразие на Източни Родопи), мнозина от най-добрите български специалисти се включиха със свои статии в предлаганите два тома. Първият съдържа 40 статии от 71 автори от Националния природонаучен музей, от Институтите по зоология, география и ботаника към БАН, от Централната лаборатория по обща екология, от Биологическия факултет на Софийския университет “Св. Климент Охридски”, от Лесотехническия университет в София, от Тракийския университет в Стара Загора, от Пловдивския университет “Паисий Хилендарски”, от Природен фонд, от Birdlife Bulgaria, от Българска фондация “Биоразнообразие”. Том 3 започва с обзорна статия на географията на Западните Родопи от П. Стефанов (Географски институт на БАН). Включени са първите обзорни регионални статии върху микотата на целите Родопи (Цв. Денчев и колектив), Ганева). Съобщават се 1763 вида гъби, 364 вида мъхове и 1257 видове, вариетети и форми водорасли. Включени са статия върху висшата флора и обзор на дендрологичното разнообразие на Западните Родопи. Повечето статии (34) са посветени на разнообразието на фауната. Те третират общо 3958 вида от групите Rhizopoda, Nematoda, Oligochaeta, Acanthocephala, Cladocera, Calanoida, Copepoda, Syncarida, Amphipoda, Ephemeroptera, Coleoptera (Adephaga, Cerambycidae, Histeridae, Curculionidae Scolytinae, Curculionoidea, Coccinellidae, Chrysomelidae), Hymenoptera (Braconidae, Siricidae, Orussidae, Stephanidae, Chrysididae, Bethylidae, Sapygidae, Scoliidae, Tiphiidae, Mutillidae, Pompilidae, Sphecidae, Crabronidae, Eurytomidae, Eulophidae), Trichoptera, Diptera (Dolichopodidae, Syrphidae, Rhagionidae, Stratiomyidae, Bombylidae, Therevidae, Asilidae, Pipunculidae, Muscidae, Anthomyidae, Calliphoridae, Rhinophoridae, Sarcophagidae, Conopidae, Platystomidae, Tephritidae, Chamaemyidae, Dryomyzidae, Agromyzidae, Chloropidae, Helomyzidae, Sphaeroceridae, Ephydridae, Anisopodidae, Hesperenidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae, Chironomidae, Tabanidae, Limoniidae, Pediciidae, Tipulidae, Culicidae, Simuliidae, Blepharoceridae, Cecidomyidae), Mollusca, Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, Insectivora, Rodentia, Lagomorpha и Macromammalia. За всяка група са отбелязани важните в консервационно отношение райони и видове, ендемитите, реликтите, защитените и застрашените видове. Вторият том, посветен на биоразнообразието на Западните Родопи, ще съдържа анализ на висшата флора и на още много групи животни. Освен солидната
14 основа, която тази серия поставя пoд изучаването на биоразнообразието на България, тя показва и големия брой български специалисти в областта на организмовата биология. Авторският колектив посвещава този том на паметта на големия български ентомолог д-р Красимир Кумански (1939-2006), който почина по време на печатането. Включената в тома статия за Trichoptera е венец на серията трудове на д-р Кумански върху тази група насекоми. от Редактора
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Beron P. (ed). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Physical-Geographical Characteristics of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece)
PETAR STEFANOV
Stefanov P. 2006. Physical-Geographical Characteristics of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). – In: Beron P. (ed) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 15-79. Abstract. The Western Rhodopes Mountain occupies an important transitory situation both in space and time between Europe, Asia Minor and Africa. Because of this specific geographic situation, the Western Rhodopes experiences a great diversity of both horizontal and vertical components. This differentiation results from a continuous (fluctuating and cyclic) action of the basic geographic laws, especially those affecting the altitude zonality and azonality. They determine the basic natural features in the Western Rhodopes, as well as the specific of its evolution, including its biodiversity. These features will be analyzed further in details. Key words: Western Rhodopes, Bulgaria, Greece, Physical Geography
Geographic Situation of the Western Rhodopes Mountain The Western Rhodopes is a large mountain massive in the Southeastern part of the Balkan Peninsula. It is situated between the parallels of 42°13’ and 41°06’ of Northern latitude, and the 23°35’ and 25°15’ meridians of Eastern longitude. The region’s Northern border follows the Northern foot of the Alabak ridge near Belovo. The Southern border reaches the Mesta river outflow from the Toksotes Gorge between the mountains of Ksanti (Ruyan) and Ori Lekanis (Chair mountain, Chaldag), in Greece. In Bulgaria the most southern point is at latitude of 41°20’, South of the town of Zlatograd. The westernmost part is formed by the Western Rhodopes mountain foot in the Razlog basin, where Iztok river flows into Mesta river. The most Eastern point is at the place where Borovitza and Arda rivers merge (the Kardjali dam). Borders and area Two big river valleys define the Western Rhodopes morphographic borders: Mesta (Nestos) to the West and Southwest and Maritza to the North (the Upper Thracian plain). To the East the border is conditional and follows the eastern slopes of the Jalti dyal ridge eastern slopes. To the Southeast The Western Rhodopes is flanked by the Belomorie (White Sea) plain, including the Aegean Macedonia and Aegean Western
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Thrace. The most Southern parts of this mountain are only 13 km away from the Aegean Sea, near the Bristonikos (Porto Lago) bay and only 2 km from the lake Limini Bristonis (known as the Buru Gyolu swamp in the past). Western border: Is separates the Western Rhodopes from other high mountains in the Rila/Rhodopes massif on both Bulgarian and Greek territories, namely Rila (2925 m), Pirin (2914 m), Stargach (1270 m), Falakron Oros (Bozdag, 2232 m) and Ori Lekanis (Chaldag, 1298 m). The Western Rhodopes Mountain is most closely related to Rila Mountain, through the narrow saddle of Avramovi Kolibi (1455 m). It has been accepted (GALABOV, 1956) that from this saddle to the Northeast the border follows Yadenitza river until the point of its discharge into the river Maritza. Southwest from Avramovi kolibi the border runs along Mesta. To the South along the valley of this river the border runs through some big topographic forms as follows: the Razlog basin (940 m average altitude), where the river valley course shifts to the East into the Rhodopes mountain foot; Momina Klisura Gorge (about 25 km long, separating the Western Rhodopes from Pirin); the Nevrokop (Gotze Delchev) basin (530 m average altitude), where again Mesta shifts from Northeast towards the Rhodopes foot and from there it takes a Southeastern course); the Chech Gorge, separating the Western Rhodopes from Stargach and Falakron Oros (Bozdag), 20 km long in Bulgaria and 55 km in Greece, divided into two parts by the Dospat valley broadening, the upper one known as the Hadjidimovo Gorge; the Paranestion (Buk Railway Station) valley widening; the wide Buk Gorge, 24 m long, between the Western Rhodopes Southern part and Ori Lekanis (Chair mountain, Chaldag); the Stavrupolis valley widening; the impressive Toksotek Gorge (22 km long) between Ori Lekanis and the Ksanti (Ruyan) mountain, which is assumed to be a part of the Western Rhodopes. RADEV (1911) writes that the valley of Mesta from the Buk station down to Okchilar (Toksotes) is known as the Bik-Okchilar Gorge, more than 46 m long. From Toksotes the Western Rhodopes border continues to the East along the southern mountain foot, while Mesta flows directly to the South and forms its imposing delta in the Aegean Sea. Northern border: It separates the Western Rhodopes from the Upper Thracian lowland. From the Mesta valley after Momina klisura (gorge) the border follows the Rhodopes mountain foot (350-400 m of altitude) and the Bessapara hills foot (at 150200 m). The Bessapara hills, with their highest point of Elenski peak (535 m), are considered as a gravitation-formed block bench of the Western Rhodopes. Then the border continues to Southeast until the Kitkata saddle (735 m), which separates the Dragoina ridge (a branch of the Eastern Rhodopes Mountain). Eastern border: This is the border between the Western and the Eastern Rhodopes mountains. It runs from the Kitkata saddle to the South along the rivers of Yailadere and Borovitza until the point of discharge into the river Arda (at Kardjali dam). Then it follows the eastern slopes of Jalti dyal (the Tzarichina periphery), at an altitude of about 600-800 m), crosses the main watershed and the Bulgarian/Greek border to the South of Zlatograd (about 700 m). From there the mountain border continues into the Greek territory along the Menkova Rema (Elidje) river valley and the Kompsatos (Kseropotamos, Sushitza, Kuru) gorge, separating the Gyumyurdjinski Snejnik ridge (the Eastern Rhodopes highest part, 1483m) and Kara Oglan (Momchil), a separated mountain ridge, attributed to the Western Rhodopes. Exiting the gorge, the Kompsatos river flows Southwest and discharges into the Bristonis lake near the Aegean sea.
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Southern border: It separates the Western Rhodopes Mountain from the coastal West Thracian lowland (the Aegean seafront region, according to RADEV, 1911). From Polianton, at the exit from the Kompasatos valley gorge, this border runs to the West, following the Southern mountain foot (500-100 m of altitude) then runs along the seafront morphographic border and reaches the Nestos (Mesta) river gorge at Toksotes. There are some controversies, as far as the Western Rhodopes borders are concerned. Disputed territories are attributed to this mountain by some authors, while others rule them out. The hottest point is the Western Rhodopes border with the Rila Mountain. Professor J. RADEV (1910) first discussed this problem in details and suggested to draw this border along Maritza and Byala Mesta rivers. This way he attributed the Belmeken ridge of Rila (2626 m) to the Rhodopes Mountain. YARANOV (1940) amended the Western Rhodopes Western border between the Kriva reka and Cherna Mesta rivers and attributed Rakovitza ridge (2157) to the Western Rhodopes Mountain. He also drew the Eastern border along the Topolovo gorge line (1230 m) - Perelik peak – the Buk village small basin in the Mesta valley in Greece. In this way he cut off the Arda river basin and the Southeastern mountainous part in Greece (until the Dyavolorema valley to the East) from the Western Rhodopes Mountain. GALABOV (1956, 1966) shifted the Western border along the Dreshtenetz river (a left tributary of Cherna Mesta), then Avramova saddle and the river Yadenitza valley. Based on the geological structure he drew the Eastern border through the Kitkata saddle, the Borovitza and Varbitza valleys, until the border saddle of Tri kamaka (550 m) on the watershed ridge to the South of Zlatograd. These borders have been widely accepted and are still valid in the Bulgarian Geographic literature (GEOGRAPHY…, 2002), though some elements are still debatable. For example, the Eastern border is not quite clear and the problem of the morphologic affiliation of Gorna Arda and especially Jalti dyal is still pending. This mountain ridge is transitional between the Western and Eastern Rhodopes, but there are some strong reasons that its larger Northeastern part should be attributed to the Eastern Rhodopes (it is morphographically separated by the Bukovo village saddle). Along the Northwestern border, the Alabak ridge affiliation is contested (Bojevetz, 1834 m). It can be attributed to Rila, having more geomorphologic and genetic similarities with this mountain. If this idea is accepted, the Western Rhodopes border will shift, running along the Chepino river until Sveta Petka and then through the Yundola and Avramova Sedlovina saddles will continue towards the Mesta river valley. To the North, the affiliation of the Bessapara hills can also be reconsidered. They occupy a transitional position between two morphological units, namely the Western Rhodopes and the Upper Thracian lowland (basin). YARANOV (1940) includes them into the “low Rhodopean hilly region” (p. 198). GALABOV (1956) describes them as a “pre-mountain region”, belonging to the Rhodopes Mountain. At the same time these hills hold a position. The Western Rhodopes Southern border on the Greek territory is most heatedly discussed. First, the Ksanti (Ruyan mountain) morphologic affiliation raises many questions. It has been attributed to the Western Rhodopes Mountain only on the basis of morphographic characteristics (the Mesta valley). Both geologically and morphogenetically Ksanti is more a part of Ori Lekanis, or could be considered a separate
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mountain. The same applies largely to the Kara Oglan (Momchil) Mountain, which has more East Rhodopean features. The general morphographic plan of the Western Rhodopes and its adjacent lands, as well as the availability of some disputable, relatively detached border mountain-ridge units are indicative for a process of morphological crumble in the mountain periphery. Facts providing evidence in favor of this idea are the main Western Rhodopes watershed abrupt shift to the South and the existence of well-expressed morphographic corridors, especially in the Southern part. They relate to some deep river pattern reorientation, which can be traced morphographically, especially in the Mesta valley. All this proves, that the Western Rhodopes is the largest and still massif part of the Rila-Rodopes massif, subject to desintegration (mainly areas close to the Aegean Sea). Within the borders described above, the Western Rhodopes Mountain has total area of 11 220 km2, out of which 8732 km2 (77,8 %) belong to Bulgaria. Physical Geographic situation The Western Rhodopes make a part of the Rila/Rhodopean massif, which is the highest and the largest part of the Thracian/Macedonian massif. The latter consists of two morphographic mountain groups, namely Rila/Pirin and Rhodopes (STEFANOV, 2002). The Thracian/Macedonian massif appears like a center of the Balkan Peninsula. It is also perceived as a central stable part of the Earth’s crust, around which this peninsular territory was formed. The Western Rhodopes, as well as the entire Rila/Rhodopy massif has a complicated geologic structure. Crystalline rocks (intrusive, basically granites) and metamorphic rocks, such as gneiss, schist, amphibolite, marbles, etc., subject to karstification, prevail in it. Sedimentary and volcanic rocks of various compositions, thickness and areas constitute the crystalline socle at different altitudes. In the Western Rhodopes some of the largest lava covers have been formed, composed mainly of ryolites. They fill in structural slumps or large negative erosion/denudation relief forms. Morphostructurally the Western Rhodopes Mountain is considered a part of the Rhodopes block massif (GEOGRAPHY, 2002). The Western Rhodopes is the most typical mountain massif in Bulgaria (average altitude of 1098 m, third after Rila and Pirin). It has a complicated system of mountain ridges and deeply incised river valleys. This mountain’s massif character is strongly underlined by the relative proportion of the basic isohypse zones, adopted in Bulgaria: 51,9 % for the midmountain zone (1000-1600 m) and totally 81,6 % for the zone above 600 m. The total morphographic complexity of the Western Rhodopes is very high (STEFANOV, 2002), but its morphographic unity is clearly visible. Expressive large ridge top levels occupy the 1000-1530-altitude belt. Many valley widenings have been formed upon the ridge levels at 1400-1530 m (such as Beglika, Chatama, Shiroka polyana, Jeravitza, etc., some turned into dams). In contrast to the large and typically flat Western Rhodopes top, known as “the upper land” (GALABOV, 1966), a labyrinth of deeply incised valleys has been formed. They have deep-bottom valley widenings and intra-basin fields, called “the lower land”. The deep river incision formed some of the most imposing gorges in Bulgaria such as the Bistritza and Dospat (about 20 km, 350 m deep), Tenesdere (5 km long), Derikkoyuk (4 km) and Buinovska (about 8 km long, the longest gorge in Bulgaria, 450 m deep) in the Vatcha river basin.
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The Western Rhodopes division is a result of the development of some deeply incised valley systems created by the right-side tributaries of the Maritza river, namely the rivers of Chepinska, Vacha and Assenitza. The Vacha meridional valley is the longest one. It divides the Western Rhodopes into two parts: an Eastern and a Western ones. The Western part is the most massif-structured region in the Rhodopes Mountain, where the hypsometric zone of 1000-1600 m occupies almost 2/3 of its territory (61%). The largest mountain ridge top levels in Bulgaria have developed there, outlined by isodases (isolines of equal horizontal division) of 5-1,5 km/km2 and isoclines (isolines of average sloping equal values) of 3-5°. The Western Rhodopes Eastern part is deeply incised and the high flat tops have more limited and fragmentary areal development (the 1000-1600 m zone occupies 44 % of its area). These morphographic differences gave reasons to some researchers (after YARANOV, 1943, 1956) to outline the Western Rhodopes Eastern part as a separate territorial unit, called Mid-Rhodopes. But its morphologic separation is very difficult to be proved, especially when the unity of the general morphographic plan is taken into account, as well as the general hysometic development. The main watershed situation and specifics and mainly the morphostructural and the morphogenetic features of this mountain suggest that the so called Mid-Rhodopes and the Western Rhodopes in fact make one body. Within the system of deeply incised valleys and wide saddles in the Western Rhodopes several morphographic branches can be outlined, additionally divided into ridges (STEFANOV, 2002). From West to East these are: the assimetrically developed Dabrash (1938 m at the peak of Besslet), which ends to Northeast with a classical morphographically expressed straight and very steep fault slope with an altitude of 350400 m towards the Dospat basin (1180 m high); the dome-like branches (orographic knots) of Syutkya (2186 m at Golyama Syutkya or G. Voden), Veliitza (1712 m at the Velitza river) and Videnitza (1816 m near the boundary peak of Kainchal or Bukovik), all connected by the narrow Dospat crest; the massive Batak mountain (2082 m at the Batashki Snejnik peak) with its ridges of Alabak (Bojevetz) and Karkaria (Snejanka), bounding the Chepinska and the Batak basins, 780 and 1080 m high respectively; the Perelik ridge (2191 m at Golyam Perelik, which is the highest point of the Western Rhodopes and the Rhodopes Mountain as a whole, with its branches of Muralitza (between the Shiroka Luka and Mugla rivers), Chamlia (between the Mugla and Trigrad rivers and Balabanitza (between the Trigrad and Buinovo rivers) and the Kainadinski ridge to the East, between the Cherna reka and Arda rivers; Chernatitza (2091 m at Golyam Persenk peak), with its branches of Varhovrakh, Srednya, Ravnishta and Belocherkovci; the Prespa ridge (2000 m at Prespa peak) with its branches of Radyuva planina, Cherni rid (1544 m) and Dobrostan (1517 m) or Assenovgrad’s mountain, well known for its flat plateau-type karst top; the border and watershed Arda branch or Kuslar oros in Greece (1827 m at the Tzigansko Gradishte or Gramada), with a ridge dividing at the Margazyan orographic knot (1346 m) into two branches: a Nowtheastern one (the Jalti dyal ridge, 1241 m at the Aladag peak or Pastra polyana, along which the possible Western Rhodopes mountain border runs) and a Southeastern branch (the bordering Gyumurdjinski Snejnik, the highest section of the Eastern Rhodopes mountain, 1482 m, situated on the Greece territory. In Greece, within the Western Rhodopes mountain, formerly called Chech, several mountain units can be outlined, divided by the rivers of Mesta (Nestos), Despatis
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(Dospat) and some mountain ridges, namely Muzden (1511m at the Dembredjili peak) and between Nestos, Muzden and Dyavolorema (1649 at Ano Alikyoi peak), with the clearly separated ridge of Finderina, which stands apart from the Nuzala peak (1631 m). The Arkudorema and Ksanti rivers cut off another mountainous unit from the bordering Arda ridge, which can be considered a separate mountain. To the East of the Arda ridge a well-shaped ridge has been formed between the Menkova rema and Sushitza valleys (Kompsatos, Kuru). The coastal mountains of Momchil or Kara Oglan (1070 m), Ruyan or Ksanti, Ahlatchal (1400 m) and Chaldag (1293 m at Mundzhinos) are separate mountains, morphographically attributed to the Western Rhodopes Mountain. By its geological structure Ahlatchal relates more to the Ori Lekanis or Chair mountain. The river Mesta has formed an impressive gorge between the Ruyan and Ori Lekanis mountains, more than 600-800 m deep, well known by the name of the Okchilar Gorge (RADEV, 1911). A deep morphologic corridor separates the Western Rhodopes from the Ruyan Mountain to the North, while the Ksanti (Chaidere) separates it from the Momchil mountain. That is why Ruyan makes a well separated block, resulting from the disintegration of the Rodopes massif in the Aegean basin periphery and the respective readjustment of the river-valley pattern. A specific feature defining the expressive Western Rhodopes Northeastern slope (1200 m high), is its stepping profile (GALABOV et al., 1972). At some points it intrudes deep into the Upper Thracian valley with residual hills (the Besapara ridges). They have a specific morphography, relating to their block-gravitation genesis. At other places some periphery basins have been formed along this slope, such as the Peshtera/Bratzigovo basin, 380-400 m high (GALABOV, 1966). Along Western Rhodopes Northeastern slope some landslides and rock demolitions can be observed, indicating about mass gravitation movements and Quaternary tectonic activation. The Western Rhodopes Mountain belongs entirely to the Aegean water catching area. The main watershed of this mountain, stretching between the Maritza and Mesta rivers, runs along the Velishi-Videnitza mountain ridges and the bordering Perelik and Arda ridges. Three basic directions of the water flow from this mountain can be outlined: - A Northern direction, towards the Upper Thracian valley, through the Mesta. The main tributaries there are the Yadenitza, Chepinska, Stara, Vatcha, Tamarash, or Dermendere, Assenitza or Chepelare river). - Bigger rivers running Eastward (towards the Lower Thracian plain, tributaries of Arda) are Borovitza, Davidkovska river, Malka Arda, Cherna reka, Arda, Elhovska reka. - Streams running to the South towards the Aegean sea through Mesta area: the Babeshka river, Zlataritza, Matandere, Kanina, Varbitza, Bistritza, Dospat in Bulgaria; Muzden, Oroza, Dyavolorema, Arkuda rema or Karadjakyoi. The rivers Sushitza (Kompsatos or Kurupotamos) and Ksanti (Chaidere) discharge directly into the Aegean Sea. The Western Rhodopes geographic situation close to the Aegean Sea puts this mountain under a direct Mediterranean climatic impact, especially its southern parts. But the mountain form as a massif and the gorge character of Mesta river limit this influence, blocking its penetration into the mountain’s central and northern part. This can be traced through both the precipitation regime and river outflow, both having
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their maximum in winter. The high average altitude determines a well-expressed altitudinal climatic zonality. The local climate is greatly disturbed by some locked depressions and large valley widenings in the mid-mountain zone. This makes the Western Rhodopes the mountain of most diverse and intricately structured climate in the entire region. According to the popular genetic classification of ALISSOV (1950) the Western Rhodopes Mountain occupies a transitional position between the European/Continental region of the temperate climatic zone (its most Southern part) and the Continental/ Mediterranean region of subtopic climate (the most Northern part). The diverse hydro-climatic conditions in the Western Rhodopes, a well as its specific relief create conditions for different soils and an extreme biodiversity. This biodiversity occurred paleo-geographically and has been partly inherited and preserved until today. The Western Rhodopes region is famous as being a refuge for an affluence of endemic and relict species. This mountain is a part of the European deciduous forest region Southern part (BONDEV, 1982) and falls into the Subtropical xerophyteforest soil sector of Europe, known as the Mediterranean soil region (GLAZOVSKAYA, 1983). According to the zoogeographical regionalization, the Western Rhodopes territory should be attributed to two regions: the Rila/Rhodopes region and the Struma/Mesta region (GEORGIEV, 2002). Still remains the problem about which sub-region this mountain should be attributed - the Europe/Siberian or the Mediterranean, or should it be considered a transitional between them. The Western Rhodopes divide two important historical/geographical regions, namely the Upper Thrace and Belomorie (Aegean Macedonia and Aegean Western Thrace). This mountain is the shortest way between these two regions of millenia of active economic exchange, as far as distance is considered (120 km). But the mountain’s massif character and its high altitude have always impeded transportation between them. The international transport communication through the Western Rhodopes (up till now only historical) is quite limited. It is limited to the so-called Belomorie (White Sea) gorge, through which an old road runs, connecting the Upper Thracian lowland with Aegean Thrace. It goes through Assenovgrad, through the Assenitza river valley, through the Rojen saddle (1430 m), Smolyan, Rudozem, the Chepinska river valley, crosses the watershed ridge at the Elidge saddle (1030 m and enters Greece through the Sushitza river (Kompsatos) valley until Ksanti. A new boundary checking point is due to be opened (called “Elidje”), which will raise the international connections between Bulgaria and Greece. Two other transport corridors exist between Greece and Bulgaria, along the Mesta river from the town of Gotze Delchev to Drama (the Ilinden check point, opened in 2005) and from Kardjali to Komotini (Gyumurdjina), through the Makaza pass (690 m), called Makaza pass, which is still under construction. Of high transport importance is the so-called trans-Rhodopean road from Kardjali through Smolyan and Dospat to Gotze Delchev. It connects the Eastern Rhodopes (the Black Sea and Eastern Thrace) with the Mesta and Struma valleys. Within the West Rhodopes boundaries this road has several important branches: - One is towards the Upper Thracian Valley (from Smolayn through the Rojen saddle, or through Pamporovo) and along the Assenitza river valley. - Another branch runs from Devin, along Vacha river.
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- From Dospat, through the Dospat Gorge (1600 m) towards Velingrad or towards Peshtera. - From Gotze Delchev, through Eleshnitza and Velingrad. The Western Rhodopes territory is a typical example of an integral natural/ geographical and biogeographical region, artificially divided by a political border (between Greece and Bulgaria). The two politically divided parts of this mountain are subject to different nation/administrative regulations. Historically the national border has been changed many times, bringing to different mountain division schemes. The current political border has been established after the Second World War, after 50 years of military political confrontation. This was the reason a strip of land on both sides of the boundary to be formed, where access was limited. Lacking any aggressive human interference, gradually it turned into a very special ecological zone. In Bulgaria, administratively the Western Rhodopes Mountain has been divided between 5 regions: - Smolyan (entirely within this mountain, with 242 settlements in 10 counties (obshtina) and a population of 134 000 people. - Pazardjik, with half of this area in the Rhodopes Mountain, with 8 obshtinas with a total population of 111 400 people. - Plovdiv, with 5 obshtinas and population of 58 000 people. - Blagoevgrad with 7 obshtinas and population of 56 000 people. - Kardjali with only 1 obshtina and population of 13 000 people. As a whole, the Western Rhodopes total population in Bulgaria is 375 000 people, which makes 4.8 % of the total Bulgarian population. Both the Western and Eastern Rhodopes are the most densely populated Bulgarian mountains, with an average population density of 42 people per km2 (70.3/km2 is the country’s average in 2005). In some Rhodopean settlements population densities are higher than this, of the country’s average. These are Krichim - 158, 3/km2; Peshtera 159,2/km2; Perushtitza – 140/km2; Nedelino – 81,4/km2; Zlatograd – 77,4/km2; Madan - 75,2/km2. These are settlements on the Western Rhodopes Norhtern slopes. Their population gravitates economically towards the Upper Thracian lowland. They are used to getting employment in mining (lead-zinc, pollymetal, chrome, uranium ores, fluorite, disten, mica, perlite, etc.) or the traditional tobacco production (Oriental tobacco called Djebel Basma). One of the most densely populated territories in the Western Rhodopes mountain is the Dabrash ridge (from the Chech Geographical region), where traditional mountain agriculture is practiced (Oriental tobacco called Nevrokopska Basma). In Greece the Western Rhodopes is administratively included into the East Macedonia and Thracia region (Northern Greece). This administrative unit coincides with the historical/geographical region of Belomorie (White Sea region), which includes Western Thrace and Aegean Macedonia (Belomorian Macedonia). Administratively this area belongs to the Macedonian Nom (region) of Drama and the Thracian Nomas of Ksanty and Rhodopy, which include only the Southern part of the Kara Oglan (Momchil) region. The Greek part of the Western Rhodopes Mountain is very sparsely inhabited, with a very low population density, about 1.5 people per km2 (average poupulation density for Greece equals to 84 people/km2).
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The population ethnicity, especially in the Western Rhodopes Eastern parts consists of Bulgarians of Islamic religion, a small part of Christian Bulgarians, as well as a big group of ethnical Turks. In the beginning of the 20th century this mountain was densely populated, as the current Bulgarian part of the mountain. Especially densely populated were the mountain slopes, mainly the denudation levels above the Chech Gorge of Mesta (the Chech Geographic region), as well as the Southern mountain foot. Mountain agriculture was the main occupation of the Rhodopes population of basically ethnical Islamic Bulgarians. They produced Oriental tobacco of old and high quality species such as Enidjean, Skechen and Bohcha tobacco, according to RADEV (1911). They did also stock breeding, which was the main occupation of the semi-nomadic group of “Karakachani”, an ethnic minority of shepherds. In compliance with the Lozana treaty in 1921-23 the local Bulgarian population was changed, substituted by Greeks from the Black Sea region. During the Greek Civil War (1944-49) the Karakachane shepherds were also expelled from this region. This brought to the disappearance of the large sheep flocks, as well as the traditional practice of burning grazing lands. As a result, dense forest vegetation recovered in the Greek part of the mountain. Gradually it took over the old arable lands around the numerous settlements in Chech. Lumber production is the most important economic occupation on both Bulgarian and Greek territories of the Western Rhodopes Mountain. It is closely connected to the mountain’s biodiversity. During the last years diverse forms of tourism become very important, especially in Bulgaria (the so called “ecological”, or “country” tourism). Basically it may contribute to the economy of this area, but in its initial phases of development it may bring to some danger for the natural resources, such as extinction of species and biodiversity reduction.
Soil and Vegetation The Western Rhodopes Mountains occupy a part of the southern European deciduous forest region (BONDEV, 1982) and fall into the Subtropical xerophytes’ forest soil band of Europe, i.e. the Mediterranean soil region (GLAZOVSKAYA, 1983). This area has been a playground of most ancient cultivation and stockbreeding. As a result, a lot of natural plant formations have been exterminated. In this setting, dominated by subtropical climate, a significant anthropogenic soil alteration has taken place, bringing about complete soil extinction along some mountain slopes, or appearance of typically anthropogenic terraced soils. For many centuries they have been a distinctive feature of the Mediterranean cultural landscape (YARANOV, 1941). Based on the complicated topography, the bioclimatic and soil structural subtype-level differences, distinct soil provinces have been formed in the Balkan/Mediterranean soil sub-region (NINOV, 1997). The Western Rhodopes Mountains make one such province (of the same name), covered by coniferous and mixed forests. Only its southwest and south slopes are attributed to the Struma-Mesta soil province, with elements of sub-Mediterranean vegetation. Both soil provinces mentioned above belong to the respective Ilirian (Balkan) and Macedonian/Thracian geo-botanical provinces (VELCHEV, 2002).
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Compared to the Eastern Rhodopes, the Western Rhodopes soil province (7930 km 2) is not so dapple. At the same time its natural diversity, including wide distribution of karstified marbles, with the active human role, have formed a complicated soil cover with specific soil complexes. Territorially the province coincides with a wellformed phyto-geographic area - The Rhodopes geo-botanical province (BONDEV, 1997), with diverse forest vegetation, dominated by coniferous Piceaetum and Abietum types. But a significant portion of these forests has been cleared and turned into grazing land or fields (basically perennial thick tuff grasses - Nardetum, Festucetum, etc. - with large areas of juniper). Due to high average annual precipitation causing intensive migration of substance, the acid brown mountain-forest soils (CMd)1 prevail, but burried under secondary meadows, they have been transformed into secondary grass-bearing brown mountain-forest soils (CMae). Near the forest upper limit, under spruce trees, dark mountain-forest soils (CMm) have been formed. A part of them are covered by secondary meadows. Rendzinas soils (LPk) are widely distributed on karst terrains. Under the active geo-chemical migration these soils have often been de- carbonated and rendosols (carbonates) turned into noncarbonate rendisols. Arable land in this province is scanty, used mainly for potato growing. The summit parts of the Western Rhodopes (the upper forest limit) are occupied by mountain-grass soils (UB), basically turf (Ubh) and partially black soils (chernozem-like soils, Ubm). These areas constitute the so-called High Vitosha-Rila-Pirin-Rhodopes soil province (NINOV, 2002), where shallow (LP) soils have a wide representation. The Western Rhodopes southern foot, geo-botanically belonging to the Rhodopesfoothill- and the Gotzedelchev regions of the Macedonian-Thracian province (VELCHEV, 2002) have been included into the Struma-Mesta soil province (NINOV, 1974, 2002). The soil cover is xerothermic, made of eroded chromic Cambisols (CMx), shallow soils (LP) and regosols (RG). A common feature of these soils is that they are shallow, highly skeletal and because of the prevailing steep slopes and Mediterranean type of precipitation, they are subject to active erosion, resembling the one observed in the Eastern Rhodopes. This process has been facilitated by the wide distribution of slightly cemented Paleocene, Miocene, Pliocene rocks (up to 1200 m), as well as the longstanding human activity along the Mesta valley slopes. Ever since Thracian times roads and military strongholds have been constructed there. The Mesta valley, a major transport rout between the Thracian sea and the Upper Thracian lowland, has always been used for lumbering, mining, stock-raising and mountain agriculture. The valley is also a climatic corridor through which Mediterranean influence pervades the Western Rhodopes Mountain. Anthropogenic terraced soils (ATa) are typical for this province, particularly widely distributed along the southwestern Dabrash slopes. The Western Rhodopes soil/vegetation cover, its spatial development and distribution meet the basic geographic law of latitude/altitude zonality. But it has been complicated by geographic azonality, determined by geology, relief morphogenesis (karst, morphologic tectonic phenomena, rock differences, etc.), and local hydrologic premises (over-dampening). Human interference contributes to azonality, causing the formation of anthropogenic and human-impacted soils and plant associations. The complicated mountain topography, composed of diverse rock formations, as well the intermediate geographic situation of the Western Rhodopes (between the Aegean
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sea and continental Europe) bring about the appearance of soil and vegetation elements typical for different geographic regions. This makes the Western Rhodopes soil/ vegetation cover an intricate set of various soil- and vegetation types and subtypes. It is further diversified by the presence of some local elements, which have formed a refuge for about 90 Balkan endemic species. Among them are the typical for the Western Rhodopes “silivryak” (Haberlea rhodopensis), the sole beds of “shrubby wicket” (Potentilla fruticosa) and alpine loco (Astragalus alopecurus) (VELCHEV, 2002). Boreal and sub-boreal mesophyte elements, typical for Central Europe find widest spatial distribution in the Western Rhodopes Mountain. Their impact is reflected in the metamorphic soils (order C, Cambisols, CM), (NINOV, 1997; 2000), dominating at humid and cool mountain places. They are covered by coniferous forests of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris), spruce (Picea abies) and common fir (Abies alba), their area making 60% of the total area of this type of forests in Bulgaria. At higher altitudes (12001400m) they are often mixed with common beech (Fagus sylvatica) and seldom with common birch (Betula pendula) (a boreal-mountain species). Acidic brown mountainforest soils (CMd) prevail, under Scotch pine, spruce, and beech. They are combined with less developed dark colored mountain-forest soils (CMm), formed upon silicate rock beds, in more shaded and humid places at higher elevation, covered with spruce. In karst regions, due to the specific conditions, xerophyte vegetation prevails, most often grass and grass-shrub associations, secondary developed upon typical rendzinas (LPk), rendzinas-lithosols complexes (LPq+ LPk) and saturated brown mountain-forest soils (CMe), often secondary swarded. Islands of arctic hygrophyte and meadow-tundra elements (typical for Northern Europe) appear in the high summit parts of Western Rhodopes (above 1800 m). They determine the formation of mountain-meadow soils (UB), bushed by grasses such as Bruckenthalia spiculifolia and shrub associations like black blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), red blueburry (V. vitis-idea), blue blueberry (V. uliginosum), Siberian juniper (Juniperus sibirica), seldom dwarf pine, pine-scrub (Pinus mugo), etc. from the arctic/alpine type of vegetation. In karst areas of the Perelik portion and Mursalitsa the mountain-meadow soils (UB) change over to rendzinas (LPk) or develop complexes with them, giving rise to more xerophyte vegetation. The soil/vegetation cover in the Western Rhodopes lower parts (below 900-800 m) has been formed under the influence of xerothermic Mediterranean elements, featuring subtropical xerothermic forest conditions in South Europe, and represents the Mediterranean soil/vegetation geographic zone. The soil cover is quite dapple, composed of both the typical mountain foot deluvial (CL) and shallow (LP) soils and cinnamontype (CMx) of soils, with fragments of relict laterites (NT). Mediterranean vegetation prevails in these areas. Forest cenozes of relict eastern sycamore (Platanus orientalis), typical for the Dabrash slopes above the Gotzedelchev basin, combine with formations of arboreal juniper (Juniperus excelsa) growing along the Vacha river south of Krichim and along the Chepelare river south of Assenovgrad; with xerothermic forests of oaks such as: Quercus frainetto, Q. pubescens (palmer oak), Q. cerris (cerris oak); and with associations of common and red juniper (J. oxycedrus). The soil/vegetation cover is sorely modified by continuous human interference.
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Due to the Western Rhodopes typical mountainous shape, the soil/vegetation structure has been most strongly affected by the altitudinal zonality. With the rise of elevation bioclimatic conditions change rapidly, i.e. climate becomes harsher (cool and humid), resulting into the formation of soils subject to leaching and active migration of substance, without podzolation. Generally 4 soil/vegetation altitude zones can be outlined in the Western Rhodopes: - Zone of shallow (LP), eroded cinnamon (CMx) and deluvial soils (CL), covered by Mediterranean vegetation (up to 700-800 m on south-west slopes; in karst areas reaching up to 950-1100 m). This altitude zone reflects the horizontal zonality impact and its soil/vegetation cover matches best the Mediterranean zone features. The Mediterranean climatic impact reigns in the zone’s south- southwest and east-southeast fragments, while at the Western Rhodopes northern foot temperate continental climatic features show more evidently. Another distinctive feature of this zone is that it is made of a wide variety of rocks, a lot of them slightly cemented Paleocene and Neocene sediments (predominantly of lacustrine type), involved into positive neo-tectonic movements and currently composing a significant part of the lower mountain slopes. They are of mature profile, i.e. they are featured by high saturation of alcalines and carbonates, high clay contents and well expressed metamorphic Bm horizon of cambic type. Among the soils in the mountain southern and southwestern periphery, especially at the mountain foot and in some lower cols fragments of red soils of intensive weathering occur, which should be probably attributed to the red soil type of Nitisols (NT). They are relicts from a pedogenesis, which has taken place at subtropical climatic typical conditions, much warmer than today (STEFANOV, unpublished data). Shrub and grass-shrub associations prevail, such as low productive pastures. In karst areas the so-called karren fields are observed, the Bessapara heights in the Dabrash southern slopes being typical examples. Forest associations consist of oak (dominated the Quercus pubescens and Q. virgiliana types) in the lower mountain northern areas and Q. frainetto and Q. pubescens types at the southeast foot. On karst terrains secondary associations of calk (Carpinus, Dichantium ischaemum), etc. grow on shallow (Leptosols, LP) and eroded, leached cinnamon soils (Chromic Cambisols, CMx). They exhibit a mature profile, being highly saturated with alkalines and carbonates, having high contents of clay and well expressed metamorphic Bm horizon of cambic type. As a result of the active slope-denudation processes loose and unsorted materials have accumulated in the lower mountains, producing deluvial (proluvial) soils (Colluviosols, CL). They occupy significant areas on deluvial/proluvial trails and flood cones. In the Rhodopes area they are known with the name of “yakaliiski”, or tobacco soils. They are poor of nutrients, but have favorable physical and thermal features, as well as good drainage. Three subtypes of them exist in the Western Rhodopes: deluvial (deluged) – ditric, deluvial/lea type – gleyic and alluvial/deluvial ones. Along the western Dabrash lower slopes andosols (Andosols, AN) appear fragmentally, in relation to the existing piebald volcanic rock complexes. But these soils have not been subject to special pedologic research yet. Due to both the specific environment and the anthropogenic interference, the West Rhodopes-wide most intensive erosion processes have affected the soil cover in
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this lowest zone. As a result soils of significant areas have been transformed into regosols (RG), or have been entirely washed away (mostly those on steep slopes). Soils highly affected by tillage have a wide distribution, as well as the typical anthropogenic soils (Anthroposols, AT). In the southwestern and eastern segments of this zone the forestcleared and more even terrains form the basic tobacco-growing regions in the Western Rhodopes. These are the Chech part of Dabrash. The Satovcha village used to boast the highest yields of high quality oriental tobacco (“Nevrokopska basma”). As a result of tobacco growing, specific and unique for this country, trenched (terraced) soils (Aric Anthrosols, Ata) have been formed upon the Dabrash southern slopes, around the villages of Valkosel, Godeshevo and Tuhovishte. Strong anthropogenic degradation of the soil/vegetation cover can be observed in the Western Rhodopes northern lower parts, especially on the Bessapara heights, structured by marbles. They have been turned entirely into low-productive grazing lands of karren fields. In addition, large-scale quarrying of marble rubble for lime or road construction has contributed to soil damage (producing technogenic anthropogenic soils, ATt). Similar soils occur at the Dabrash foot near the villages of Baldevo and Garmen, where open mines exist (diatomite, lignite coal). - Zone of brown mountain-forest soils (CM), covered by coniferous forests, mixed with beech and birch (from 700-800 up to 1800-1900 m). Among the brown mountain-forest soils (Cambisols, CM), the acidic (non-saturated, CMd) types have found widest development. Some of them are light in colour, while others are of common type. They have medium profile depth from 40 to 80-10 cm, small thickness of their humus horizon (14-22 cm) (of ochric and umbric type), low storage of humus (6-8%), as well as low sorption capacity (NINOV, 2002). Featured by a slightly clay-sandy mechanical structure, they have good drainage and diverse hydrothermal regime. Predominantly coniferous forests cover them, as well as mixed coniferous-beech or beech forests. The secondary grassed brown mountain-forest soils (anthropic-eutric, Cmae) are typical for the Western Rhodopes and have wide distribution. Their origin relates to the extinction of forests (including through fire), practiced during former centuries by the yuruks (local population), practicing pastoral sheep breeding in the mountain. A long-term lea-formation took place on the cleared lands. At some sites tilling for growing mainly potatoes has interrupted this process. As a result the brown mountain-forest soils have transformed into secondary grassed ones with surface sward horizon of 12-18 cm, in which the humus contents increases with the altitude reaching up to 11-18%. Widest distribution of such soils can be observed in the Veliica-Videnica parts, the Batak mountain, the Trigrad massif, Chernatitsa, the Perelik-Prespa and the Arda parts. The saturated brown mountain-forest types of soils (dark brown - eutric, Cme) have local distribution (basically in the Batak mountain). On some karst-terrains azonal rendzinas have been formed (a subtype of shallow soils, LP), known as humus-carbonate soils (Rendzic Leptosols, LPk). They consist of a single horizon (10-to 30 cm thick, with humus contents up to 10-12%, which may be black, red-brown or brown in colour, has high clay contents of good structure and carbonate contents of more than 40%. This horizon includes cobs of rock from the karstified marbles. The rendzinas are overgrown by grass, grass-shrub and forest vegetation. Semi-scrub associations typical for karst
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terrains also grow on them, such as mountain savory (Saturejas montana). The rendzinas are widely distributed in Dobrostan, Murssalitsa, The Trigrad massif, the south-western part of Dabrash, Radyuva Mountain, Chernatitsa, etc.). Often rendzinas have been decarbonatized and turned into rendisoles as a result of an active migration processes. Under the influence on different azonal factors and conditions, as well as the anthropogenic factor, the brown mountain-forest soils form complexes or include areas of: rankers (Umbric Leptosols, LPu), which are shallow (10-40 cm), slightly developed acidic soils on silicate rock beds; lithosols (Lithic Leptosols, LPq) – the shallowest soils, with non-expressive and faintly developed A horizon, about 10 cm thick; peat soils (Histosols, HS), with a typical peat horizon (histic, up to 50 cm thick), which contains more than 30% of humus and has low volume density (below 0.1 g/cm3), formed at low drainage and constant humidity saturation, which limits oxygen circulation and suppresses mineralization of the limited substance (production of organic matter by sphagnum and other types of moss surpasses mineralization) (Velishko-Videnishki part, The Batak mountain); uliginous soils (fens) (Gleyisols, GL); sandy soils (Arenîsols, ÀR), formed upon sandy rock substrata, containing more than 65% of sand and with no horizon formation (in Dabrash some specific arenosols have been formed upon disclosures of Miocene diatomite); alluvial soils (Fluvisols, FL), represented by the alluvial (district) and alluvial-lea (eutric) types - young soils with only one (the humus) horizon, formed in river beds of all bigger Rhodopes rivers, most widely developed in the Dospat basin (at altitude of 1200-1300 m they have formed a typical alluvial intra-mountain holm, currently flooded by the Dospat dam); anthropogenized soils (strongly impacted by long-term cultivation of mainly potatoes, while in the lowest southwest and east parts of the zone up to 1200 m tobacco production occurs); Typical anthropogenic soils exist around of some big settlement (urban soils – urbic, Atu) as well as in the mining sites (mostly the upper course of Arda, i.e. the towns of Madan, Rudozem, Erma), where some locally formed technogenic soils exist (ATt). - Zone of dark-colored mountain-forest soils (CMm), covered by spruce and shrubby associations of juniper and dwarf pine, pine-scrub (Pinus montana)(partially represented in the higher elevations of 1800-2000 m). The area of this zone is covered by spruce combined with shrub-grass complexes of fescue (Festuca nigrescens), redtop (Agrostis capillaris), blueberries, mosses etc. Underneath soils of the dark-colored mountain-forest types mainly have developed (Mollic cambisols, CMm), featured by deeper profiles, thick red-brown humus horizon (from 40 to 60-80 I;) and thin B-horizon (B: A=1:0.5 proportion). Compared to the brown mountain-forest soils, the dark-colored ones have higher humus storage (8-10%) and strong acidic reaction (pH 3,8-4,5), resulting from poorer mineralization conditions. Common (halic) dark colored mountain-forest soils are prevailing, but in the Veliska-Videnitsa part and the Batak Mountain peaty spoils (histic) show fragmentally. In this zone some shallow soils (LP) are also distributed. The dark-colored mountain-forest soils form complexes together with the brown (CM) and the mountain-lea soils (UB). - Zone of mountain-lea soils (UN), covered by grassy and grass-shrubby high mountain formations (locally developed normally above 1900-2000 m). This is the soil-vegetation zone of highest elevation in the Western Rhodopes Mountain. The mountain-lea soils (Umbrosols, UB) are distinguished for their typical
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dark color, they are highly swarded and loose. But they are most noted for their humus contents (10 to 30%) of fluvial type. The soil profile (deep, mostly about 60-80 cm) is not complete, with more skeletal constitution, while the organic substance producing horizons (Aturf and A) lie immediately upon rocky rubble (eluvium) or upon proluvium. Depending on the organic matter accumulation, as well as the substance properties, three soil subtypes can be outlined: common or swarded (halpic) soils with well formed sward, from 8 to 15 cm thick; peaty (histic) soils with humus contents between 20 and 30%; black soil (chernozem-like) - looking soils (molic), developed upon carbonate rocks (Mursalitsa). The mountain-lea soils produce vegetation cover consisting basically of well detached association of Nardus stricta, Sesleria comosa, different types of Festuceta, Bruckenthalia spiculifolia, Carex curvula, blueberries, etc., which make solid sod. Leas on these soils make excellent summer mountain grazing lands. Some secondary mountain-lea soils can be spotted in the zone’s lowest part, originating from swarding of dark-colored mountain soils (CMm). In the summit parts, as well as along the steep slopes they are poorly developed, skeletal and shallow. Rankers (LPu) often substitute them in the mountain summit parts or along steep slopes, while in karst areas they are replaced by rendzinàs (LPk). At some very damp sites uliginous (GL) and peat (HS) soil types have developed.1 The Western Rhodopes mountain complex topography as well as its bioclimatic differences both in altitudinal and historical aspects predetermine diverse zoo-geographic components including almost all kinds of fauna, specific for Bulgaria, such as arctic, forest mesophylic, forest thermo-xerophylic and continental xerophylic types (POPOV, GEORGIEV, 2002). According to the zoogeographic regionalization of Bulgaria the Western Rhodopes Mountain has been attributed to two regions, namely the Rila-Rhodopes and the StrumaMesta ones (GEORGIEV, 2002). Animals inhabiting the Rila-Rhodopes region are basically of Holarctic, Paleoarctic, Euro-Siberian and European types. This region is distinguished for the big number of relict invertebrates (25 taxa in the Western Rhodopes) and high endemism (endemic animals are twice more in the Western Rhodopes and they are quite different from those in Rila and Pirin). The Western Rhodopes southwestern slopes, which are included into the Struma-Mesta zoological region make a habitat of a multitude of animal types of subtropical, Iran-Turanian and Mediterranean origin, as their relative share increases to the south towards Greece. This fact gives rise to a debate to which zoogeographic zone the Western Rhodopes should be attributed to: the Europe-Siberian or the Mediterranean zone, or whether it should be considered a kind of a transitional territory. The altitudinal zoogeographic differentiation is more clearly defined. Four fauna zones (belts) have been outlined. Their names indicate the prevailing vegetation (HUBENOV, 2002): - Oak zone. Even though its area is limited, it can be signified for the richest fauna within the Western Rhodopes Mountain.
1
Soils have been considered following the FAO (UNESCO) system of soil diagnostics and classification, adopted in Bulgaria (NINOV, 1997, 2002).
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P. STEFANOV - Beech zone. It is poorer in fauna and the Euro-Siberian fauna elements prevail over the Mediterranean ones. - Coniferous zone. The European-Siberian fauna elements dominate. - Sub-Alpine zone. It is the habitat of Boreal-Alpine, Arctic-mountain, MountainMediterranean and mountain types, a lot of them glacial relicts.
*** From the soil/vegetation cover analysis and taking into account the Western Rhodopes zoogeographic features some conclusions can be drawn about this mountain’s biodiversity, its origin and development. 1. In the mountain foot area some relicts have been established, such as soil types (chernozem), plant elements (Eastern sycamore) etc., formed at typical Mediterranean climate, different from the climate today. The long and complicated Paleogeographic evolution of the Western Rhodopes has passed through different periods, which have left their rich fossil marks. They certify, that the current bio-diversity has an analogue in the Neocene, when after the violent Upper-Paleocene period, accompanied by active volcanic activity, the current relief has been gradually formed, in an environment of a positive geo-dynamic regime and a block crumble of the mountain massive occurred, including the formation of new graben structures. Some lakes formed in them, and the river system got well developed. The availability of a rich paleo-flora in the Rhodopes Mountain proofs, that it became a refuge of relict late Paleocene and early Miocene biotypes. That is why this region has been considered a part of the paleofitohorion, singled by E. Palamarev in 1991 as “a Paleofitohorion of the Central Balkan Miocene Paleofloristic sub-province” (PALAMAREV, 1997, 2002). The Western Rhodopes, with their large leveled peaks and karst terrains have had a huge impact on the history of animal life. The existence rich Paleontologic sites prove that these areas were the homeland of a diverse Tertiary fauna. In addition, they were centers of fauna-type- formation (POPOV, DELCHEV, 2002). Some typical Tertiary relicts have been found in the West Rhodopean caves, such as troglobiontes, out of which 34 taxa are endemites (GEORGIEV, DELCHEV, 2002). Apart from the relict elements, the Western Rhodopes soil/vegetation cover bears all the features of a post-glacial, mostly Holocene formation. This has been proved through pollen research in the sphagnum peat of the localities of Shiroka polyana, Slancheva polyana, Kupena, Beliyat kanton (HUTTUNEN et al., 1992, PANOVSKI, 1993, BOZILOVA, 1994; FILIPOVITCH, LAZAROVA, 2001, 2002; LAZAROVA, FILIPOVICH, STEFANOV, 2002). According to this research, the paleo-succession during the period from the Late-Glacial phase (12080+/-155) until the Sub-Atlantic follows an order from grass cenozes (cereal plants of Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae and the Artemisia family, with island groups of Juniperus, Ephedra, Bruckenthalia on the large Rhodopes leveled tops), through an environment of mixed forest associations, until the formation of coniferous belt of beech-birch associations (PALAMAREV, 2002). During the late Glacial period grass associations dominated the Western Rhodopes, while tree vegetation had been highly limited both in species and area; single trees
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existed, or small groups of Pinus sylvatica and P. nigra, Betula, Corylus, seldom Pinus peuce, Picea (LAZAROVA, FILIPOVICH, STEFANOV, 2002). Periglacial climate dominated in the medium-height and especially in the higher part of the Rhodopes mountain. In the lower and low-mountain parts arid steppe or semi-steppe climate prevailed. More favorable micro-climatic conditions existed only in the deep valleys of the medium mountain belt, where refuges of tree vegetation have formed (Carpinus betulus, Abies, Quercus, Ulmus, Tilia). The biotopes existing during the Late Pleistocene in the Western Rhodopes made a mosaic of grass spaces along the large top levels and forests in the valleys. They created conditions for a varied fauna, including cave bears, black wolves, cave lions, leopards, elks, Alpine goats, wild goats, stags, etc. (POPOV, DELCHEV, 2002). During the climatic fluctuations around the end of the Pleistocene, the high altitude of this mountain and its significant size offered chances for intra-mountain migration if animals. The Western Rhodopes forest clearing coincides with the beginning of Holocene and has been dated to 9000 +/-40 BP (HUTTUNEN et al., 1992). The resulting climatic changes (dampening and warming), created conditions for mass distribution of less gingerly and resistible tree types of pine and birch, which narrow the grass areas. The Pinus peuce reaches its maximum aerial development and below its forests a belt of birch-pine associations appeared, with a large participation of hazel (Corylus). Further lower (under 1300-1400 m), based on the valley refunguses, mixed deciduous forests occurred (oak, elm, linden, with some Acer, Fraxinus, Sorbus tree species, and well developed underneath vegetation of Corylus, Viburnum, Euonymus, Cornus). These forests reached their culmination during the climatic optimum. With the Holocene, Mediterranean animal species penetrate, while a part of the steppe and cold-bearing animals leave or climb up the mountain, where they find secure refuge. 45 glacial relicts of terrestrial fauna have been registered in the Western Rhodopes high mountain zone. They include animals of Boreal-mountain, Euro-Siberian, Euro-mountain and mainly Arctic-Alpine types (HUBENOV, 2002). Some species have been subject to evolution in the conditions of isolation within the glacial refuges and have evolved into endemites (POPOV, DELCHEV, 2002). Until 6000 BP mixed deciduous forests covered this mountain (PANOVSKA, BOZILOVA, 1994). But gradually beech from an admixture to calk and fir forests became the dominant species and formed a separate beech zone, mixed with calk and fir. At the same time at higher elevations spruce increased its areas, substituting the white fir (Pinus peuce) and making a well defined spruce belt, mixed with white fir and Pinus diploxylon fir. During that time black pine had a limited distribution. In the Shiroka polyana locality the first stable anthropogenic existence was registered at an elevation of 1400-1500 m, proved by increased values of Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Rumex, Urtica, Plantago lanceolata, etc., which are indicators for stock-breeding (LAZAROVA, FILIPOVICH, STEFANOV, 2002). The last substantial change of the Western Rhodopes vegetation related to the quick diffusion of pine (basically white pine, dated to 1850+/-100 - 2070+/-100 BP, HUTTUNEN et al., 1992; FILIPOVITCH, 1995). During the Sub-Atlantic time pine forests became dominant and partially replaced spruce forests. Within the new-formed coniferous belt of pine, spruce and pine-spruce forests the white fir and fir became a
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rare admixture. At the same time at lower elevations beech acquired dominance among the fir-calk associations and formed a beech belt. Therefore, the Western Rhodopes Mountains acquired their current vegetation during the late Glacial period as follows: - During the early Holocene the climatic and edafic conditions limited vegetation distribution. - During the medium Holocene optimum conditions for the development of forests occurred which brought to a more complicated ecologic setting and competition among species. - During the late Holocene human impact increased and the anthropogenic factor became crucial for the formation of the current plant associations, especially during the last centuries (LAZAROVA, FILIPOVICH, STEFANOV, 2002). Though the Western Rhodopes present biodiversity has been formed predominantly during the Holocene, it includes some relict elements both glacial (especially in the higher mountain parts), and Tertiary ones (in valleys, low mountain parts and caves as far as flora is concerned). The Besapara heights make a typical example, being a refuge of 12% of the endemites and 21% of the relicts (VAPTZAROV et al., 1989). Relict species contribute much for the diversity of the animal world, especially families, types and subtypes of those, nascent yet during the Neocene, as well as those appearing during the Pleistocene. Modern fauna development has been highly influenced by the progressive cooling and mostly the drought starting in the beginning of the Neocene, when the Western Rhodopes current relief formation started. Its ascending development and the subsequent river incision lie in the basis of an increasing environmental differentiation and shaping of different biomes during the Pleistocene. On the other hand, the massif’s geographic situation between the Mediterranean basin and continental Europe has a great impact on migration of species. As a result, parallel to the Western Rhodopes geomorphologic formation process new fauna complexes arise, historically based on the earliest fauna, i.e. the forest type. Following the climatic fluctuations and their own ecologic flexibility new types of fauna and fauna complexes occur, with definite regional physiognomies (POPOV, DELCHEV, 2002). The lack of data about preserved old soils in the Western Rhodopes medium mountain and high mountain zones imply that modern soil diversity has been formed during the Holocene. Apparently, the active Pleistocene morpho-dynamics, accompanied by unfavorable bioclimatic conditions have caused meager formation of soils, which subsequently have been washed away. Soil evolution during the Holocene followed up the dominant forest vegetation progress. So the wide distribution of brown mountain/ forest soils relates to the domination of coniferous forests. It is interesting to note, that metamorphic soils of leaching regime and active migration prevail (even de-carbonation of rendzinas), but no process of podzolation has been traced. These regularities represent well the Holocene hydro-bio-climatic features in the Western Rhodopes. Their fluctuations, as well as the high impact of the azonal resulting from rock diversity have contributed to the expansion of soil diversity and formation of soil complexes. After
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the Subatlantic period increasing human activity occurred as an additional factor, reflected in the secondary grassed soils, accelerated soil erosion and appearance of a new types of soil, i.e. the anthropogenic types. 2. Despite the Western Rhodopes’ massiveness and high average altitude, its soil/ plant cover has been strongly impacted by human activity. The reason is the early penetration of an ancient population (the Thracians) who create some of the earliest European centers of civilization of high achievements in religion, settlement architecture, military arts, mining, agriculture, etc. It has been more than 4 millennia that the Western Rhodopes environment has been subject to an uninterrupted anthropogenic activity with fluctuating intensity, increasing greatly during the last centuries. For example in Dabrash , which is closely, related to the geo-strategic corridor of the Mesta valley, connecting for millennia the Upper Thracian- to the Thracian sea lowland, the highest anthropologic impact established follows this chronology: Ist millennium BC– 4th century AC; 8-13 centuries; 17-19 centuries; 1912-1913-1940; 1950-1965; after 1990 (STEFANOV, unpublished data). Anthropogenic impacts in the Western Rhodopes can be incorporated into several groups: - Livestock breeding, including burning and clearing forests to expand grazing land. As a result forest massifs decrease and secondary swarded soils appear. The forest upper limit was lowered. Grazing land degradation occurred with time as well as soil erosion, especially with soils of skeletal mechanical structure and along steep slopes. The strongest human impact in the Western Rhodopes was exercised during the yuruk tribe’s settlement. - Extensive mountain agriculture (growing cereals, potatoes, tobacco), including terracing of arable land, irrigation and fertilization. Typical regions of long-term use include: the inner mountain basins, the Arda valley basin, the mountain Northern lowland, the Rhodopean region Chech. Along the low mountain cleared slopes and feet, constructed by slightly cemented Paleocene and Neocene sediments, anthropogenic soils have been subject to accelerated erosion and the soil/vegetation cover has reached an advanced stage of degradation. - New settlements appeared in the mountain interior mainly during the time of mass islamization of local population within the Ottoman Empire. This region is also known for the constant natural growth of population and extremely low out-migrations. The Western Rhodopes is still one of the most densely populated mountains in Bulgaria. The medium population density there is 42 people per square kilometer in 2004. This figure reaches up to 52 people per square kilometer in the Southwest regions, while in the Southeast regions it amounts to 75-80 people per square kilometer and up to 100-140 in the northern lowlands and basins. At the same time during the second half of the 20th century a strong trend of depopulation has been observed in the Greek part of the Western Rhodopes. Dozens of settlements emigrated, mainly in the Chech regions. As a result, arable land was deserted there and secondary shrub-grass associations, as well as brushwood are reigning now.
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- With the decline of stockbreeding, especially in the middle of the 20th century, the upper forest limit areas became subject to a currently continuing process of reign of juniper and partially dwarf pine associations on mountain-lea soils (UB), as well as their evolution to dark-colored mountain-forest soils (CMm). - Large-scale hydro-energy construction has been initiated in Bulgaria, creating large mountain dams, including underground passage of water from one river basin to another (from Dospat (Mesta) to Vacha (Maritsa). - Mining and quarries developed basically along the Upper Arda River and the Besapara hills. - Mass artificial forestation started, basically white fir, as a result of which 1/4th of the Western Rhodopes forests is of artificial origin now (SHISHKOV et al., 1989). - During the last 10-25 years illegal forest clearing has been observed in the mountain’s western parts as a result of high unemployment and ineffective control. 3. The Western Rhodopes display high internal diversities and soil/vegetation/ fauna zonal differentiation. They have been strongly influenced by the human impact and will be subject to eventual future global hydro-climatic change.
Protected natural territories The situation of Western Rhodopes mountain among three bio-geographic regions, namely the Mediterranean, the Central European and the Asian ones determines its bio-diversity and makes it home of a multitude of relict, endemic, rare and protected species. The mountain’s transitional geographic situation has determined a rich variety of landscapes and ecosystems, from lakes, marshes, peat, karst eco-systems, rivers and riverbank vegetation to high mountain eco-systems with preserved communities, including old primeval forests. They have preserved the features of the primordial forests, once covering Eurasia after the end of the last glacial period. Almost all types of European forests can be observed in the Western Rhodopes: from boreal coniferous to evergreen sklerophyle ones of Mediterranean type. The southernmost areas of birch (Betula pendula) and fir (Picea abies) lodge in the Greek part of this mountain. The Western Rhodopes unique biodiversity has been appreciated as in Bulgaria so in Greece, resulting into putting a lot of landscapes, objects and territories under protection on both sides of the international border. In Bulgaria their network includes a territory of 16 442,7 ha (1,88 % of the Bulgarian part of the mountain). In Greece the Western Rhodopes territory is extremely sparsely populated hence unaffected by human impact. This explains why the Fraktos vergin forest in this mountain is the single Greek absolutely protected territory of IUCN 1st category. Together with the protected monument of Beech forest Cichla Haidu the total protected area in the Greek part of the mountain amounts to 568 ha. In total the Western Rhodopes protected area is 17 010,7 ha. According to the basic international categories (Table 1) the Western Rhodopes natural objects of protection include: Reserves (Category I according to IUCN): there are 8 such reserves in the Bulgarian part with a total area of 8 958,7 ha. The area they occupy makes 1,03 % of the Western
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Table 1 Categories of protection according to the classification of the International Union for the protection of nature (IUCN) and their consonants in Bulgaria and Greece Categories of management by IUCN
Categories of protected Categories of protected territories in Bulgaria territories in Greece
Category I a
Category 1
Category 1
Strict natural reserve
Biosphere reserve
Territory under strong regime of natural protection
Category 1
Category 2
Protected territory used mainly for research Category I b
Territory of wild flora and fauna Reserve
Territory of preserved nature
Protected territory controlled mainly for biodiversity protection
In compliance with the purposes protection of such a territory may have also concrete designation.
Category II
Category 2
Category 3
National park
National park
National park
Protected territory controlled mainly for the protection of ecosystems, leisure and tourism
It may include: - Territories of strict natural protection (1) - A territory of natural protection (2)
Category III
Category 3
Category 4
Natural landmark
Natural landmark
Protected natural form
Protected territory controlled mainly for the protection of some specific natural features Category IV
Category 4
Territory with controlled types of habitat
Maintained reserve
No corresponding category exists
Category V
Category 5
Category 4
Protected marine or terrestrial landscape
Natural park
Protected landscape and Protected landscape elements
Protected territory controlled mainly for natural protection through maintaining intervention
Protected territory controlled mainly for landscape protection, tourism and leisure
The protected landscape may get specific names such as “forest of aesthetic value”, “wild landcape”, “agricultural landscape”, or “industrial landscape”.
Category VI
Category 6
Category 5
Protected territory with control of resources
No relevance exists (Protected locality)
Territory of eco-relevant development
Protected territory controlled mainly for sustainable use of natural ecosystems
May include: - Territories of strict natural protection (1) - A territory of natural protection (2)
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Rhodopean territory. This is also 54,48 % of the area of all protected areas in the Western Rhodopes mountains and 11.64 of total area of all the 55 reserves in this country. There are 4 reserves of total area of 7070,1 ha have the international statute of biosphere reserves (20,5 % from total area of all biosphere reserves in Bulgaria, 17 in all). There is 1 protected natural object of international significance, declared as such by the Ministry of environment and water (MEW) in 1993 (VATZEVA, 2003). Beglika (The Batak Town land, Pazardjik region). Declared a reserve in 1960. Its territory expanded in 1992, amounting to an area of 1463 ha. Its buffer zone is 190.8 ha and its altitude is 1600-1900 m. In 1993 MEW designated it a protected natural object of international significance (CORINE site: F00004501). This reserve treasures rich relict vegetation and primordial spruce and spruce-white fir forests aged 120-180 years. Some of the most interesting peat complexes of the Western Rhodopes can be found there, as well as karst terrains of high vegetation endemism, including glacial relicts. Kastrakliy (The Borino Village land, Smolyan region). Declared as a reserve in 1968, its area changed in 1974 to an area of 124.0 ha, with a buffer zone of 120.1 ha and 1000-1200 m of altitude. This reserve has a diverse topography, including karst relief with 8 caves. It conserves the oldest black fir forest in Bulgaria (age 180-230 years). Out of 337 species of plants 25 are relict, 36 are Balkan endemits and 8 are Bulgarian endemites. It is considered to be a refuge of Tertiary and Periglacial, relatively xerophyte relict flora (MESHINEV, 1985). Diverse fauna. Sovskovcheto (the Smolyan City land). Declared a reserve in 1968, with an area of 177.5 ha, buffer zone of 104.4 ha, altitude of 1400-2000m. Conserves century-old coniferous forests of white fir and spruce. This reserve is rich in endemites and glacial relicts. Its topography is diverse, with a lot of rock formations, river shoots and waterfalls (up to 15 m). The Smolyan city water supply comes from this reserve. Kazanite (the Mugla Village land, Smolyan region). Declared a reserve in 1968, with an area of 124.0 ha and altitude of 1000-1400 m. This is a typical forest reserve, conserving wild nature with coniferous formations (black pine, spruce an common fir prevailing). Dupkata (the Fotinovo Village and Batak Town land, Pazardjik region). Declared a reserve in 1951, but later on changes have been made in 1956, 1961, 1975, 1982, 1983. Its total are is 1210.8 ha, with a buffer zone of 719.7 ha and altitude of 1000-1674 m. In 1977 it was recognized as a biosphere reserve. It is a typical forest reserve, saving forests of white pine and spruce aged more than 200 years. Some trees have diameters about 1 meter and height about 41 meters. There is a great diversity of shrub and grass species, as well as rich fauna. This reserve treasures also the ancient Thracian fortresses of Hisarite and Chereshov vrah. Kupena (the town of Peshtera land, Pazardjik region). Declared a reserve in 1961, with changes made in 1973, 1979, 1992. Its are a amounts to 1761.1 ha, its buffer zone occupies 1245.7 ha. This reserve’s altitude is 550-1400 m. It has been recognized as a biosphere reserve (CORINE site: F00003900). Conserves century-old mixed forests of great diversity, including beech (sheer beech forests), white pine, common fir, winter oak, black pine, water calk, common calk, maple, sycamore, etc. There is also rich fauna in this reserve.
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This is the largest refuge of chamois in the Rhodopes Mountain (introduced in 1963). They inhabit the Steneto and Kupena karst rocky localities. In the buffer zone of this reserve is the karst cave of Snejanka, a well-known tourist destination. The Peshtera town water supply comes from this reserve. Mantaritza (the Rakitovo Town land, Pazardjik region). It has been declared a reserve in 1968, with changes made in 1975 and 1992. Its total is 1062.2 ha, with a buffer zone of 505.9 ha and altitude of 1200-1900 m. It has been designated a biosphere reserve in 1977. This reserve conserves birch forests, mixed (birch, fir, white pine and beech of different combinations), deciduous forests (beech, kalk, oaks Quercus frainetto). The age of the trees is about 120-140 years. This is one of the largest habitats of wood grouse and hazel-hen. Tchervenata Stena (the Bachkovo Village land, Assenovgrad county, Plovdiv region). It has been declared a reserve in 1962, including the reserve Bachkovski manastir, which existed until 1956. This reserve has been expanded several times in 1969, 1983 and 1990. Its area amounts to 3029.0 ha, with a buffer zone of 330.1 ha and altitude of 400-1500 m. It is the largest protected territory in the Western Rhodopes Mountain. In 1977 it has been recognized as a biosphere reserve (CORINE site: F00004501). Featured by diverse topography, basically karst terrains, it treasures associations of black pine (210 ha) and cenozes of the “sharp-leaved”/Tsar-Boris’ fir (Abies alba ssp. borissi - regis), which is a Balkan endemite. This is a typical botanical reserve, containing 645 species of higher plants. It holds the first position among the protected territories in Bulgaria as far as concentration of taxonomic species are concerned. Among them a lot of relict and 9 endemic species should be mentioned (mainly species living in karst territories). The Red Data Book of Bulgaria contains 38 taxa, out of which 21 are Balkan endemites. The rich fauna includes a lot of Mediterranean and Sub-Mediterranean representatives. The famous Bachkovski monastery, a distinguished Bulgarian historical, religious cultural center, is situated quite close to this reserve. Natural landmarks (category III of IUCN): 35 - They protect distinctive natural formations of total area amounting to 1033 ha (6,28 % of the area of protected Western Rhodopes land and 4,75 % of the area of all natural landmarks in Bulgaria). The following attractive topography forms can be observed: - Rocky formations and complexes: Kaleto (50.0 ha) near the town of Ardino, Kardjali region; Kayaliiski skali (8.0 ha), Koziyat kamak (the goat’s rock)(0.6 ha) and Kupena (0.1 ha) in Dabrash; in the Smolyan county: Momata (the Maiden) (0.4 ha) and Sariiskata chuka-Glavata (0.2 ha) near the village of Shiroka laka, Gradishte (6.9 ha) near Slaveino and Nevyastata (47.70 ha) near Smolyan; Nastanska mogila (2.0 ha) near the town of Devin; in the Velingrad county: the rocky massif of Pashovi skali (2.1 ha) near the village of Sveta Petka, the rocky formation of Jabata (the Frog) (20.0 ha) near the village of Medeni polyani and the Big turn (10.2 ha) near Velingrad; - Erosion forms such as waterfalls, cascades, evorsion caldrons: the Duplevo waterfalls (0.5 ha), Kosten kamak (Bone rock) (0.5 ha) and Skakaloto (0.3 ha) near the village of Orehovo, Chepelare county, Smolyan region; The Smolyan waterfall (0.2 ha), Stroilski dol (0.2 ha) near Devin, the Fotino waterfall (12.1 ha) in the Batak county, Pazadjik region, Kotlite (0.2 ha) near the village of Lakavitza and Gyumbertiyata (0.5 ha) near Belitza, Lacky county, Plovdiv region.
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- Karst forms and complexes like the caves of: Ultzata (1.0 ha), which is open for visitors, Borikovskata peshtera cave (1.0 ha) in the Mogilitsa Village land and Lednitzata near the Gela Village, Smolyan county; Snejanka (122.5 ha), open for tourists, near the Peshtera town, Lepenitza (5.0 ha) near Rakitovo town, Pazardjik region; Gargina dupka near the village of Mostovo, Assenovgrad county, protecting bat populations; karst bridges and arcs: the Devil’s bridge and the Waterfall (39.80 ha) near Borino village, Smolyan region; Rocky bridge (4.0 ha) near the Belitza Village, Lacky county, Plovdiv region; the famous Chudnite Mostove-Er Kyupriya (39.7 ha) near Orehovo, Chepelare county; karst complexes: Belintash (2.3 ha) near Sini vrah Village, Assenovgrad county; Sveti Duh (Holly ghost) (0.5 ha) near the village of Manastir, Lacky county, Plovdiv region, the famous Buynovo Gorge (608.6 ha ) in Borino county, Smolyan region - the top Western Rhodopes natural landmark, which is a natural landmark of largest area, including the Yagodinska cave, open for tourists as well as more than 30 caves and 4 rocky arcs. The well-known Smolyan landslide lakes have been signified as national landmark (45.9 ha). A locus of Rhodopean silivryak (45.9 ha) has been declared a “natural landmark” (near Dyadovtsi Village, Ardino county, Kardjali region). The same statute has been granted to the specific Paleontologic site with fossils of Tertiary fauna (1.0 ha), near Dorkovo Village, Rakitovo county, Pazardjik region. There are many more interesting and unique natural attractions, which deserve to be included into the category of “natural landmarks”. This applies especially to karst forms and complexes, which are typical for this mountain but relatively small number of them, have protected statute. Maintained reserves (IUCN’s IV category): 6 of them protect detached ecosystems and habitats with total area of 148,4 ha (0,90 % of the Western Rhodopes protected land area and 3,33 % of the total are of the maintained reserves in Bulgaria). Konski dol (Kazana) (Horse valley/the Caldron) (Satovcha Village land, Blagoevgrad region) is the first protected territory in the Western Rhodopes, declared a natural monument in 1948 and from 1948 was made a reserve. In 1999 it was pre-categorized into maintained reserve. Its area is 34.7 ha, with a buffer zone of 71.0 ha and altitude of 1400-1500 m. It conserves a centuries-old mixed fir-spruce-beech forest with some trees 300 years old. The Dark forest (Karaorman) is in the Kovachevitsa land, Garmen county, Blagoevgrad region. It was declared a reserve in 1948, pre-categorized into maintained reserve in 1999 with an area of 30,2 ha, a 57,9 ha buffer zone and altitude of 1250-1700 m. This reserve conserves a mixed forest of beech, spruce and fir aged 130 years (some trees are more than 250 years old and more than 40 meters tall). Izgoryaloto gume (The Juniper) is in the Krichim land, Plovdiv region. It has been declared a reserve in 1949, changed in 1956 and in 1999 was pre-categorized into maintained reserve. Its area is 29,3 ha, and its altitude is between 300 and 400 m. The only compact site of arboreal juniper (1 to 3 meters high) has been preserved here. It has been subject to strong human impact as hydro-energy construction is taking place there. Starata gora (Shabanitsa) (The old forest) occupies the Trigrad village land, Devin County, Smolyan region. It was declared a reserve in 1956 and pre-categorized as a
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maintained reserve in 1999. Its area is 22,6 ha, with a buffer zone of 33,0 ha and altitude about 1500 m. A centuries old beech-spruce forest has been conserved here. Individual trees age 350 years and rise up to 35 m. Momchilovski dol (the Momchilovtsi Village land, Smolyan area) was declared a reserve in 1968 and pre-categorized as maintained reserve in 1999. Its area is 31.3 ha, its buffer zone is 43.6 ha and its altitutde is 1300-1450 m. It hosts a century-old forest of black pine. Amzovo is in occupying Smolyan land has been declared a reserve in 1968 and pre-categorized into a maintained reserve in 1999. It is the smallest maintained reserve in Bulgaria with an are of 0.3 ha, 0.165 of them a marsh, 0.02 ha occupied by meadows and 0.115 ha are covered by forest and bushes. Its altitude is about 180 m. This reserve protects the rare plant species of uliginose plaun (Lycopodium inundatum) in the Smolyan lakes area. Protected localities (IV category and/or IUCN Vth category): 83 - protected distinctive landscapes and habitats with a total are of 6 302,6 ha (38,33 % of the Western Rhodopes protected land territory and 14,45 % if the total area of protected localities in this country). Two of them have been declared protected natural objects of international importance by MEW (VATZEVA, 2003). A lot of localities have been declared protected, aiming at maintenance or restoration of conditions making habitats of valuable species and associations, as well as targets for tourism and places of recreation. The Batak land (Pazardjik region) includes the following tourist localities: Shiroka polyana (100.2 ha), Kaval tepe (83.0 ha), Studenata chuchurka (the Cold tap) (73.1 ha) Slancheva polyana (Sunny meadow) (100.2 ha), Toshkov Chark (57.4 ha), Chatama (27.3 ha), Batlaboaz (154,0 ha), Samodivska polyana (Fairy meadow) (132.6 ha), Rovno (47.7 ha), Petrovo bardo (39.5 ha), Haidushki skali (3.0 ha), Karvav chuchur (the Bloody tap) (3.0 ha), Hambarite (The Barns) (5.0 ha), Suvatya (5.0 ha), Nestorovi polyani (Nestorov’s meadows) (5.0 ha), Lungurlii (4.1 ha), Todin grob (Todin grave) (5.0 ha), Mirchovitza (10.0 ha), Tarnovitza (10.0 ha), Druma (the Road) (8.0 ha) and Koriyata (the Groove) (8.0 ha). It was entirely environmental protection that made a purpose to declare the largest protected locality in the Western Rhodopes i.e. Batashki Snejnik (Karlaka). Its area is 1063 ha, including a forest strip at the upper forest limit, under the Batashki Snejnik peak. In the Fotinovo Village (Batak county, Pazardjik region) the following localities have been designated as specific landscape sites: The Fotinovo river (314.3 ha), Hadjiiski chark (12.4 ha), Pyasaka (4.8 ha), Sachandere (14.2 ha), Balabanlii (123.4 ha), Kemera (102.9 ha). Kemera is a very interesting place, offering very good conditions for recreation. Around the Rakitovo Village (Pazardjik region) several specific landscape localities have been put under protection. These are Pashino Bardo (7.0 ha) and Tzigov Chark (3.0 ha), which is a famous recreational center near the Batak dam. Near the Sarnitza town (Pazardjik area) the protected locality of Chibutsite spreads to 4.8 ha and protects the only site of Spiraea salicifolia in Bulgaria. The Velingrad town land (in the Pazardjik regioin) includes several protected localities: the karst spring of Kleptuza landscape (344.0 ha), which is a tourist and recreation area; the Rogachitsa locality (126.9 ha), protecting centuries-old fir-spruce
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forests; Arapchal (220.8 ha); Haidushki kladenets (10.2 ha); Byalata skala (the White rock) (86.6 ha); Kalpazanov grob (16.2 ha); Suha laka (5.8 ha); Port Artur (15.3 ha); the Ribna river meanders (25.5 ha), which include the most beautiful part of this river with typical river-bank landscape and plant association of local, rare and endangered plant and animal species. The village of Yundola, Velingrad County, hosts tow protected areas, i.e. the Filebeliyska polyana (1.3 ha) and Valyavitsite (73.0 ha). The former is an unique natural site of mountain peony. The Valyavitzite region became a reserve in 1951, but in 1992 it was pre-categorized. It hosts mountain formations of spruce (120-170 years old), common fir (100-120 years old), white pine and common beech. This region is noted for its great floristic diversity, including 186 plant species, as well as a rich bird fauna of about 41 bird species. Near the villages of Semchinovo and Varvara (Septemvri county, Pazardjik region), aiming at protection of specific Rhodopean landscapes, several protected localities have been established. These include the Ezeroto (the Lake) (5.8 ha), Zlatin dol (8.3 ha), Milevi skali (115.1 ha), Koritata (10.7 ha) and Marina (1.5 ha). The Marina protected area host centuries old trees of winter oak while the St. George protected area (5.7 ha) is a natural trove of uliginous snowdrop. Near the Bratzigovo and Peshtera towns (Pazardjik region) the following protected localities exist: Vinishte (1481 ha), Koriyata (27.5 ha), Sokola (127.2 ha), Ravnishte (48.1 ha), Atoluka – Vassil Petleshkov (318 ha, protecting a centuries old forests of white pine and spruce), and Tamra (604.1 ha). The latter is interesting with the forest ecosystems, typical for this region, as well as rocky formations, Roman roads, bridges and remains of an old castle wall. The Perushtitsa locality has been protected because it is a habitat of black storks (6.1 ha, in the Perushtitsa town vicinity, Plovdiv region). The land of Assenovgrad (karst massif of Dobrostan) includes the following protected localities: Usoikata (4.0 ha) and Gonda voda (71.4 ha), with a centuries old forest of black pine, Arboreal juniper trove (13,2 ha near the Bachkovo village), Lale bair (2.0 ha, near the Lilkovo Village, protecting a natural bed of the Rhodopean tulip, a Bulgarian endemite), Golitza (55.2 ha, near the Lilkovo Village, protecting centuries old forests of white pine, spruce and white fir), the Karadjov Kamak rocky complex (133.1 ha), Ayazmoto (3.7 ha, protecting a habitat of endangered, rare and protected bird species), Chinardere (27.7 ha, near the Topolovo village, a natural trove of eastern sycamore (Platanus orientalis). Aiming at protection of centuries old coniferous forests, the following grounds have been protected in the Smolyan county: Chernoka (8.6 ha of black pine), Dalboki dol (5.8 ha of fir-spruce-beech forests), Koriyata (27.5 ha). Of high botanical value are the protected terrains of Chairite (300.0 ha, with landslide lakes by the Trigrad village) and Srednite livadi (70.4 ha, near Orehovo Village, Smolyan region). The areas of Livadite (1.0 ha, Sivino village, Smolyan county) and Kutzinsko blato (0.15 ha, near Progled Village, Chepelare county, Smolyan region) have been declared protected areas because they host beds of the Rhodopean cream (Lilium rhodopaeum), which is a very rare Balkan endemite species. Some typical Rhodopean landscapes of high recreational value have been turned into protected areas. These include Padala (33.6 ha, in the region of Mogilitsa village)
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and Rojen-Klabuch (105.5 ha, near Sokolovtsi Village, Smolyan county). The Sveta Nedelya protected area near Zlatograd hosts centuries-old oak forests. The protected area Devin river basin is of special scientific interest (50.2 ha), because it combines habitats of rare and protected plant and animal species with remarkable rock forms. Other protected territories in the Smolyan area are: Kaleto (3.0 ha), Momina voda-Ahmatitsa (34.5 ha, by the Mogilitsa village), Srednogorets peak (134.9 ha, in the region of Polkovnik Serafimovo village), Turlata (18.6 ha), Vracha (4.0 ha), the Gradishteto fortress (9.0 ha) and Lyatna gora (36.6 ha) near the village of Shiroka laka. Protected areas of high natural value and recreational importance are Martsiganitza (27.5 ha, a karst terrain with the famous cave of Topchika in Dobrostan, near the Chervenata stena reserve) and Trigradsko zhdrelo (245.6 ha, near Trigrad village, Devin county, famous for the Dyavolsko garlo and Haramiiska peshtera caves, the former open for tourists). The Trigradko zhdrelo is also a site of high ornithological and botanical value. At first (1963 it has been declared a natural landmark, called “Trigradsko zhdrelo (gorge) and precipice cave of Dyavolsko Garlo (Devil’s throught)” with an are of 269.6 ha. Later it has been pre-categorized into a protected area “Trigradsko zhdrelo”, including an area of 314.0 ha. Eleven protected territories from the Bulgarian side of the Western Rhodopes Mountains have been included into the “CORINE-Biotops” program. In line with the Directive of Habitats 92/43/ÅÅC, 5 protected territories from the Western Rhodopes Greek part (29 064 ha) are due to be included into the NATURA’2000 European network, 4 of which spread along the border with Bulgaria: - The Fraktos mountain massif (GR1140001-1-080 ha). It includes the natural monument of “Fraktos virgin forest” (550 ha). It is unique for Greece and one of the most significant relict forest ecosystems in Europe, offering habitat to the brown bear (Ursus arctos), wild goat (Rupicapra rupicapra), wood-grouse (Tetrao urogallus), and hazelhen (Bonasa bonasia). - The Haidu mountain and adjacent hills (code NATURA ‘2000: GR1120003 3 209 ha, including the natural monument of “Beech forest of Cichla-Haidu”, 18 ha). This is a territory of old beech forests (Fagus sylvatica), open grass terrains, steep rocks and rocky sites. It has a high tourist, recreational and ecological-educational potential. It is an important nesting place for a number of rare birds, as well as a habitat of brown bears. - Simida (GR1140002 - 7 233 ha). It is birch forest, the only bed of Betula pendula in Greece and the most southern one in Europe. It is habitat of brown bears and chamois. - Elatiya (GR1140003 - 6982 ha). This is a territory of boreal coniferous associations, dominated by spruce (Picea abies). It is the only territory of Greece with spruce forests and the most important lumber-obtaining region. The existing peat, the brown bears, wood grouses, hazel-hens (Bonasa bonasia), etc. represent other typical features of this land. The protected Western Rhodopes territory in Greece, which does not confine with the Bulgarian border, is the Falakro Hills (GR1140004 - 10 560 ha). With these territories, the total Western Rhodopes protected land becomes 45 507.6 ha.
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Unfortunately, by a number of reasons relating to the high population density, land ownership and management traditions, no protected parks have been designated in the Western Rhodopes Mountains. This is the only mountain in Bulgaria without any national or natural park, meeting the requirements of the IUCN’s II or IV/V categories. In 2000-2002, along the EEA’s (European Environmental Agency) “Ecological bricks Initiative”, a Bulgarian/Greek project launched. This project suggests to designate a transboundary protected “Rhodopes Park”, with a total area of 7900 km2, out of which 6000 km2 are expected to be in Bulgaria As far as the spatial distribution of protected natural territories is concerned, it should be mentioned, that they occupy areas throughout the entire mountain and include the most important habitats, ecosystems, typical landscapes and natural landmarks. Somewhat derogated remains the eastern parts, namely the Dabrash and Gorna Arda, as well as the regions along the borderline with Greece. This applies also to karst territories and karst caves: out of 628 surveyed caves, only 9 % have been placed under protection. Even in protected areas karst features have not been treated as aggregate systems of surface and underground elements (karst geosystems). This often brings to wrong, sometimes absurd environmental management practices (ANDREJCZUK, STEFANOV, 2006).
Climate Exogenic processes, modeling the Western Rhodopes relief, as well as the soilvegetation cover and fauna are strongly influenced by recent and paleogeographic climatic conditions. Knowledge about the Western Rhodopes climate is very important to understand this region’s biodiversity. The Western Rhodopes Mountain is noted for its climatic diversity defined by different factors such as their geographic situation, altitude, complex orography as well as the atmospheric circulation on the Balkan Peninsula, determining its weather and climate. If the general atmospheric circulation creates a climatic background with its seasonal changes, the relief forms local atmospheric circulation over the Rhodopes Mountain with a diverse regional climatic expression. Mountain ridges with their orientation and altitude change the air currents’ speed and direction, creating conditions for the socalled catabic (falling) winds along the mountain Northern and Southern slopes. In some regions of the Rhodopes Mountain the pheon wind occurs frequently, marking the local climate. Everywhere river valleys determine the wind directions. Mountainvalley winds occur and they are typical local climatic features throughout the warm season. Quiet weather is most often observed in inner mountain basins. These are periods of quick cooling, bringing temperature inversions. Big dams in the Western Rhodopes also have some climatic influence, but it involves only coastal areas and affects some local climatic elements causing higher humidity, higher frequency of fogs and lower temperature amplitudes. Dams also have a limiting influence on basin temperature inversions (as in the Dospat basin for example).
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Atmospheric circulation The Western Rhodopes general atmospheric circulation is determined by several well known baric centers, namely the Island minimum, the Azorean maximum (all the year round), the East European maximum, the Pre-Asian minimum, and the West Mediterranean minimum, with annual regimes defined by maximums during the warm and the cold seasons respectively (VELEV, 1990). The Island minimum generates the so-called Atlantic cyclones, the influence of which manifests mainly through their cold fronts, crossing the Western Rhodopes from Northwest to Southeast. Such cases can be observed throughout the whole year, but most often in May and June, when the cold air mass is unstable, with a high vertical temperature gradient and powerful convective motions, while air temperature differences before and after the cold front are great. Front passages invoke temperature reductions by 5 to 10°C and formation of cumulus rain clouds, producing significant precipitation. Often these synoptic conditions cause spring-summer precipitation maximums. Mountain slopes create conditions for additional convection in the cold air mass after the front and precipitation quantities increase along their medium-height- and lower parts, especially along slopes of Northern and Northwest exposure. In cases of powerful Westward and Northwestward movement of air masses over the Mediterranean Sea, especially when they are cold, temperature contrasts occur, as well as cyclonal circulation, which involves only the lower troposphere layer (up to 5-6 km). The so-called Mediterranean cyclones prevail during the cold season, i.e. November, December and January and their number is 5-6 per month (16.7 average for the season, which makes 36.5% of the annual number of cyclones, according to PISSARSKI, 1955). During the warm season the Mediterranean cyclones’ activity is weak: in June, July and August they occur once or twice a month, as for the entire warm season their number makes 13% of the total annual number. The Mediterranean cyclones’ path of motion to the East determines their influence upon the Bulgarian climate and more specifically upon the Western Rhodopes Mountains. Most often (about 11 cases annually, mainly during the cold season) they follow the III Path (through Greece). This path forks above the Aegean Sea into two branches: III-D and III-B. These cyclones cause significant precipitation in the Western Rhodopes region, as warm front precipitation is supplemented by orographic precipitation in the cold air mass. This is a synoptic situation of most intensive precipitation in autumn and winter in the Western Rhodopes Southern and Southeastern parts. Mediterranean cyclones, following path II through the Upper Thracian lowland (10-11 cases annually) cause changeable weather with mass precipitation and some warm periods in winter. Path I, North-West of Bulgaria, is followed in 7 cases in average, and this happens usually during the transitional seasons. These cyclones bring warm air from South-West and according to topography, Southern and SouthWestern slopes get rain, while the Northern and North-Eastern slopes, including the Northern mountain feet get a wind, called feaun. In relation to the cyclone speed, the feaun duration varies from several hours to 5-7 days. Such synoptic conditions determine the absolute maximum temperatures in the end of winter and the beginning of spring.
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About 4-5 Mediterranean and 2-3 Atlantic cyclones pass through the Western Rhodopes Mountains or their adjacent areas in spring. Anticyclones are typical in summer and winter and last 4-5 days in average, but in January-February and July-August they may last up to 3-4 weeks. In these cases mean summer temperatures get higher and mean winter temperatures get lower than the average. Basins and large river valleys experience substantive inverse radiation cooling, which brings to the lowest absolute minimum temperatures in the Western Rhodopes region. In summer the Azore maximum spreads to Northeast and the Balkan Peninsula often falls under its influence. Then warm air masses stop over the Western Rhodopes Mountains, bringing sunny and dry weather. Within the annual anti-cyclonal atmospheric circulation dominating throughout the year (70% of the summer days according to STANEV, 1991), with the exception of April and May, when the higher number of Atlantic cyclones, together with the more frequent Mediterranean cyclones determine the prevalence of cyclonal circulation. The higher summer anti-cyclonal frequency is due to the more intensive activity of the Azores maximum during this season. The anticyclones hitting the Balkan Peninsula come from Northwest, West, Southwest and Northeast. The Northwestern group of cyclones is more frequent in spring and the beginning of summer. Through them ocean air surges into the Midlatitudes and causes cooling in summer and warming in winter. Anticyclones coming from the West are relatively evenly distributed throughout the year, while those, coming from Southwest appear mainly in summer. The Northwestern group of anticyclones is more rare and occurs mainly in winter. Their cold advection activates the cyclonal genesis over the Mediterranean and the Black seas, causing continuous winter snowfall. The Western Rhodopes atmospheric circulation determines the winds in this region. They have a strong impact on the water balance. Speed and direction are their most important features. In general the average wind speed in winter is higher than that, in summer and autumn (Table…). Winds are strongest in the highest mountain areas (the highest speed in February at Persenk is 7,2 m/sec, the lowest one in August, 3.4 m/sec.). Cases of still weather are observed in the negative topographic forms such as basins and wider sections of valleys, where the average wind speed is less than 1.0 m/sec. The number of cases with still weather is an important feature, relating to air pollution and the formation of stable inversions. Such conditions occur mostly in the Mesta valley (71,9 % of all the observations, making it one of the most calm places in Bulgaria). In addition to the basin and valley depths and slope features, winds depend also on the prevailing valley directions, in this case perpendicular to the atmospheric movements from the West. The rest of the Western Rhodopes region experience still weather between 50 and 60%, while in the northern and northeastern outskirts such cases make less than 50% (33.6 % for Assenovgrad). The atmospheric circulation, topography and local winds determine the prevailing wind direction. Distribution of average wind speeds by direction shows that for most of the region the most frequent winds are also the strongest ones (Table 2). They are connected to cold atmospheric fronts in the passing Atlantic cyclones. The direction and origin of most of the strong winds in the Western Rhodopes (above 14 m/sec) are
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connected to the Mediterranean cyclones and the pheaun effect caused by them along the Northern and Northeastern mountain foot and slopes. For this reason in these sections southern winds are of highest speed. In the mid- and high mountain sections strong winds have different directions, as the ragged relief transforms the airflow. Still, west wind prevalence can be noticed, especially during the warm season. No clear prevailing wind direction can be identified in the Mesta valley and winds there are of lowest speed. Local winds are typical for the Western Rhodopes Mountain. The specific deep relief incision of this mountain makes a diverse pattern of land heating, causing some typical mountain-valley winds. During the day (after 6-10 o’clock in the morning) the dolyak (downcoming wind) blows, while at night as a result of radiation cooling the air gets heavy and “flows” down towards the valley bottoms, causing a wind called gornyak (up-going wind). The average speed of these winds is usually 1-2 m/sec, rarely up to 3-4 m/sec. Pheaun is another type of wind typical for this mountain. Usually it occurs during the cold season, which relates to the Mediterranean cyclones’ frequency. The deeper and slow the cyclone, the stronger and long-lasting pheaun wind is observed. At times of more stable synoptic situations air temperatures at the Northern and Northeastern areas of the mountain foot may rise by 8 to 10°C relative to the seasonal normal average, while relative air humidity may drop by 30-50% and the wind speed may reach 30 m/ sec at some moments. Some cases of smerch (tornado) have been registered on the Bulgarian Western Rhodopes territory. Possibilities of its formation occur mostly in August, when along with the more cold atmospheric fronts powerful Cumulus Nimbus clouds appear, up to 13-14 km high. Whirls in the so-called “trunk”, which protrudes from such clouds reach great speeds, such as 50-100 km/h. Typical smerch occurred on 29 May 1961 in the Western Rhodopes Mountain. Its direction was from Northwest to Southeast and it left a strip of devastation 30 km long, running between Karatepe, Selishte and Beglika, involving an area of 300 km2 where 500 000 m 3 of spruce forest was wiped out. Devastating smerch occurrences were registered also on 15 June 1956 in the Yakoruda region and in 1984(85) in the area of Konski dol reserve in Dabrash. The atmospheric heat amount in the Western Rhodopes Mountain is determined by the following factors: - Radiation transformations (the radiation balance). - The vertical moisture exchange, relating to the loss of heat due to evaporation. - The vertical turbulent heat exchange. These are the atmospheric heat balance basic elements resulting from the Earth hitting energy transformations. On the other hand, the heat balance elements’ diversity results from the variable physical geographic conditions, creating energy basis for the horizontal atmospheric transfers. Radiation balance Out of the total solar energy income into the atmosphere, half of it is reflected. The part, reaching the Earth surface is called summary solar radiation and consists of direct solar radiation (at clear skies) and scattered solar radiation (in cases of cloud cover). Their quantity and proportions vary throughout the year. They depend also on
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the solar height above the horizon, the cloud cover type and quantity, the atmosphere transparency, the aerosol quantity and types, etc. Thermal Conditions The direct solar radiation maximum is in July (up to 570 MJ/m2 in the mountain southern parts), when it reaches up to 70% from the total radiation. The minimum portion is in December (down to 70 MJ/m2). The higher solar altitudes and the less cloud cover determine this intra-annual direct solar distribution in summer. The Western Rhodopes maximum is not in June, when the solar altitude is the highest, because during that period the cloud cover is larger than in July. The minimum December values continue in January too, because of the larger cloud cover. Scattered solar radiation shows the same annual distribution as the direct one, but the amplitude is much smaller (270 MJ/m2 in July and 70 to 90 MJ/m2 in December, according to VELEV, 2002). The possible solar radiation annual quantity (summary solar radiation at clear skies) is calculated from 8300 to 8800 MJ/m2 at the low and high mountain parts respectively. The real cloud conditions make these values 65-70% lower and they amount to 5500 MJ/m2 and 6000-6200 MJ/m2 respectively, while at the southern low parts in Greece this value reaches probably 6500 MJ/m2. In January the summary solar radiation is 230-250 MJ/m2 in the high mountain zones. In summer the solar radiation influx increases 3 times, reaching 2100 and 2200 MJ/m2 respectively. The value differences between the low- and high mountain areas are insignificant during the summer season. The lowest radiation values can be observed in locked mountain basins with less solar insulation, while the highest values hit the mountain southern parts. Mainly the Western Rhodopes geographic latitude determines these quantities. According to the existing data (LINGOVA, 1991) the annual solar radiation duration in the Mesta valley is about 2300 hours, while in Gorna Arda it is 2200 hours (2506 in Sandanski and 2439 in Athens). There are not direct observations about the mid-mountain and highmountain parts of the Western Rhodopes, but solar insulation in these parts should be less than 2200-2000 hours. According to some authors (LINGOVA, 1991) there is a slight increase in the annual sums of solar radiation with the increase of altitude. But other authors (VELEV, 2002) express a doubt relating to the scanty observations. This second group of authors argues, that the eventual increase resulting from the higher atmospheric transparency in high mountains is compensated almost entirely by the higher cloud density in spring, summer and autumn. Experimental research about the radiation regime of mountains (LINGOVA, 1991) show that direct solar radiation increases with altitude with a mean gradient of 0,014 kW/m2 for each 100 m. Until about 600-800 m the summary solar radiation is determined by the local microclimate and basically by the cloud regime. The altitude influence starts above this level and experimental data shows that increase gradient of summary annual radiation becomes 29 MJ/m2 for 100 m in average. In winter, when mid-mountain and especially high mountain areas are above the low clouds, solar radiation income is much more, compared to low-mountain and mountain outskirt areas. In summer these differences decrease, while they disappear in summer. In some summer months, under
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the influence of cloud cover this gradient becomes even negative. In autumn the summary solar radiation increases with altitude again. The Earth surface reflecting capacity (albedo) determines the conditions at which the Earth surface absorbs a part of the solar radiation. The absorbed summary radiation causes land heating, as well as heating of the adjacent atmosphere. That is why it has a decisive role for the radiation and thermal balance. The albedo changes constantly as a result of the solar height variation throughout the year, as well as the diverse features of the earth surface (such as plant cover, soil and rock humidity, snow cover, technogenic elements, etc.). Significant albedo differences can be observed only in winter, when it is possible to form snow cover. The albedo annual values in the Western Rhodopes Mountains amount to 0,30 to 0,35-0,40 in the higher mountain areas (they are 0.20 in the Thracian basin, according to VELEV, 1990). Taking into account the summary radiation data and albedo values it is easy to see, that the land-absorbed summary solar radiation, which is the heat balance incoming part of the radiation balance, fluctuates between 4000 and 4800 MJ/m2 annually. These values are much higher compared to the country average, but commensurable to those, typical for the Eastern Rhodopes, the Southern Black sea area and the SandanskiPetrich region. It is basically the geographic latitude of the Western Rhodopes that determines such values (VELEV, 2002). The effective radiation flux, which is the basic outgo element of the radiation balance flows towards the atmosphere, because the Earth long-wave (infrared) radiation exceeds the atmospheric back-radiation. Because of the lack of direct observations, LINGOVA (1981) has calculated, using empirical formulae that the effective radiation for Bulgaria is from 2100 to 2300 MJ/m2. No direct connection has been found out between the direct radiation and altitude (VELEV, 2002). All factors, influencing the direct and scattered radiation, the albedo and the effective radiation reflect upon the radiation balance (the difference between absorbed and emitted radiation from the earth surface). The annual radiation balance regime has a well-expressed maximum in July – 350430 MJ/m2 and a minimum in December – from -30 to 15 MJ/m2. The negative values mean, that the Earth surface looses heat. Only in the Southern low-mountainous and in the Western Rhodopes mountain foot parts there are no months of negative radiation balance. With the increase of altitude the number of months with negative radiation balance values increase up to 5 (from November to March) in the high mountain parts. During the cold season a significant decrease of the radiation balance can be observed, following the altitude. At 1200 m the balance amounts to 1700 MJ/m2, at 1800 m it is about 1500 MJ/m2, while above 2200 m it is under 1200 MJ/m2 (VELEV, 2002). This regularity is due to the snow cover distribution and the albedo diversity relating to it. This means, that at similar values of other parameters of the radiation balance, the albedo is the main reason of its differentiation in mountains. In summer, when the albedo becomes almost equal along the vertical profile, the radiation balance gradient decreases slightly with altitude, while in July, August and September it even reverses, i.e. it increases slightly with altitude. This can be explained with the summer cloud distribution and the same albedo regardless of altitude.
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In total, the Western Rhodopes mean annual radiation balance values have the following territorial distribution (VELEV, 1997, 2002): 1250-1500 MJ/m2 in the highest ridge parts (more than 1800-1900 m of altitude); 1500-1750 MJ/m2 in the Western and highest parts (above 1200-1300 m ); 1750-2000 MJ/m2 in the Eastern parts. Heat Balance If radiation makes the basic income into the heat balance, the outflow part includes several elements, namely the heat loss for evaporation from the Earth surface; the turbulent heat exchange and the heat flux from and to the bedding surface. As the soil (rock) temperature does not change from a certain level down, the heat influx to the Earth surface is spent either for evaporation, or for turbulent exchange. VELEV (2002) established that 55 to 65% of the mean annual radiation balance (1200 to 1400 MJ/m2) is used for evaporation, while 30 to 45% (630-1040 MJ/m2) goes for turbulent exchange, namely for heating the land-adjacent air. This proportion varies constant throughout the seasons and in the different parts of the Rhodopes Mountain. It depends on the intra-annual rainfall distribution as well as on soil humidity. The evaporation heat loss annual regime is similar to the radiation balance regime. The greatest loss of heat for evaporation is in June, when the Western Rhodopes Mountain experiences significant rainfall (major or secondary rain maximum). The smallest values are in the regions of continuous droughts and less rainfall. These are the North Rhodopean foot, the Mesta river valley, and the Southern coastal mountain foot in Greece. Because of insufficient heat resources the upper, the medium, and mainly the high mountain zones (above 1600-1800 m) have lower summary evaporation (300-400 mm). The turbulent heat exchange distribution is very complicated due to variations of the of the heat balance elements, but as a whole heat exchange decreases with altitude. More significant precipitation can be observed in spring, when higher evaporation occurs (up to 60-65% of the radiation balance). During the summer droughts heat is lost for warming up the lower air mass. In the Rhodopean Southern parts where the summer precipitation maximum is not so clearly expressed, heat outlay for turbulent heat exchange in the lower atmosphere prevails in spring too. In winter, due to the winter precipitation maximum in this part of the mountain outlay for evaporation prevails, as its value decreases with altitude because of the lower air and land temperatures. By the same reasons the turbulent exchange expenditures are minimum, in many cases equal to zero, because the heat flux is directed to the Earth surface, which is colder than the lower air layer at negative radiation balance. The turbulent heat exchange has its highest values in the Mesta and Upper Arda valleys and along the southern coastal mountain foot on the Greek territory (up to 1100 MJ/m 2). These are places of least loss of heat for evaporation. The turbulent heat exchange lags behind the radiation balance maximum. In mid-summer the heat loss for evaporation decreases, while turbulent heat exchange increases in expense. Its lowest negative values occur in December-January (-20 to -60 MJ/m2). With the progress of spring the turbulent heat exchange becomes positive and in the end of autumn (November/December)it is negative again. The spatial distribution of heat climatic features and mainly the proportion between turbulent heat exchange and heat loss for evaporation determine the Western
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Rhodopes climatic differentiation. Any increase of this parameter defines a better expressed climatic continentality of a place (LINGOVA, 1991). The heat balance components’ proportions vary according to the relief forms. Usually the turbulent heat exchange increases on hills. The local surface features such as relief, soils, vegetation, snow cover, as well as the dampness rate may change the proportion of the heat balance elements, hence the climatic conditions. Decreased surface/atmosphere humidity exchange brings about an increase of the turbulent exchange, causing rise of the average air temperatures and more expressed continental climatic character. Humidity decrease in the one-meter soil layer leads naturally to heat loss for evaporation and this raises the turbulent heat exchange, as a result of which the monthly air temperature may rise significantly. The Western Rhodopes photosynthetic radiation maximums are in July (from 340 to 380 MJ/m2), while the minimums are in December (from 70 up to more than 88 MJ/m2 in the southern Greek territories). During the warm season the largest amounts of photosynthetic radiation can be observed again in the Southern part of the mountain (in July and above 365 MJ/m2). The smallest sums are in the locked basins (around and below 356 MJ/m2 respectively), (LINGOVA, 1991). Air and Soil Temperatures The Western Rhodopes Mountain temperatures are directly dependent on the radiation and heat balance at each place. They also have a decisive role for the evaporation heat loss and heating the lower air layer. High radiation balance values predetermine high average annual air temperatures, which are between 11-13°C at the mountain foot in Bulgaria: 12,7°C at Assenovgrad, 12,2°C in Djebel and 3-4°C in the highest parts (4,7°C at Persenk)(Table 2). The heat conditions in the Western Rhodopes are largely influenced by altitude. It has been established, that the vertical temperature gradient (°C in 100 m of altitude) has some of the highest values in Bulgaria. Its average annual rate amounts to 0,550,57°C. The vertical temperature gradients are lowest in winter (0,31-0,39°C in January), and highest in summer (0,76-0,7°C in July) (VELEV, 1990). The Southwestern parts (Dabrash) show a higher average annual air temperature vertical gradient, amounting to about 0,64 for each 100 m (STEFANOV, 1988). Mean monthly temperatures make an important index in the annual temperature regime. They reflect the relative territorial variation of climatic conditions. The annual temperature regime in the Western Rhodopes is well expressed, with a maximum in July or August and a minimum in January. While the minimum has no exceptions, the maximum on the Northern lower slopes and at the stations at 1200 m occurs in August. The difference with the July temperature is 0,1-0,2°C and only in the Chepelare station it is 0,6 °C. The average January temperatures are positive in the Eastern the Northern mountain feet regions (0,8°C in Assenovgrad), in the Southeastern part (0,8°C in Djebel and Zlatograd), and in the Southwestern regions up to 600-800 m. Probably in the coastal areas of Greece the average January temperatures reach 4-5°C. No negative soil temperatures are expected in the upper 10-20 cm layer. For the most part the Western Rhodopes Mountain is attributed to the regions of warmest winters in Bulgaria (the
50
P. STEFANOV
Struma valley to the South of the Kresna Gorge, the Southern coastal area, Strandja, the Eastern Rhodopes, etc.). This territory is warmer compared to the adjacent Upper Thracian plain and the peripheral basins, where at lower elevations January temperatures show lower values, basically due to temperature inversions (See stations of Gotze Delchev, Pazardjik, Velingrad in Table 2) With the increase of elevation the January temperatures drop down and get negative values (-5,0 -6,0°C in the high mountain areas). A typical feature of the Western Rhodopes is that the fall of January temperatures often relate to some closed relief forms, such as basins and valley depressions. These forms are colder than the high ridges, where cold air cannot accumulate (for example the Beglika station shows –5,7°C, while the January temperature of the 600 m high peak of Persenk it is -4,2°C). Summer temperatures in the Western Rhodopes Mountain resemble those of the rest of the country. The average July temperature of the lowest mountain foot regions (up to 600 m) is 21-24°C in the Bulgarian parts and probably 25-26°C in Greece. For the midmountain zone it is between 15 and 17°C, and below 13°C in the high mountains. Relief forms disturb the regular drop of July temperatures with altitude. For example, the average July temperature at Beglika is 12,7°C, lower than that, of the peak of Persenk (13,4°C). As a whole autumn temperatures in the Western Rhodopes Mountain (October as a representative month) are warmer than those in spring, and this difference is greater in areas higher than 1000 m. Compared to the April/May season, the September/ October months are about 1,5-2,0°C warmer. Temperature amplitudes, which predetermine the rock physical weathering rate and have direct or indirect impact on vegetation, have low values in the Western Rhodopes Mountain. The average annual amplitude is about 8 and 14°C (11-14°C in the zone up to 1000 m and below 8°C above 1600 m). Altitudes, as well as the availability of water bodies decrease the amplitude values by 1.5 times. Basin stations again make exceptions, as for example Beglika, with an annual temperature inversion of 13,7°C. The reason is the radiation cooling at night bringing about temperature inversions and lower morning temperatures. Diurnal amplitudes are again highest in the low mountain zone, while throughout the year they are higher in summer and autumn (maximum in August). The average diurnal temperature amplitude in winter is about 1.5 times smaller, compared to summer (7-10°C and 10-17°C respectively). In the mid-mountainous and especially high mountain parts a secondary winter maximum of the diurnal amplitudes occurs (in February). Diurnal temperature amplitudes have their lowest values in December and January. Temperature inversions make an extremely important climatic feature of the Western Rhodopes Mountain. This territory experiences most temperature inversions among all Bulgarian lands. They put their mark on the average long-term winter temperatures, and even on the annual temperatures of a great part of this mountain. A specific anomalous temperature locality has been outlined here, namely the Beglika region. The Gotzedelchev basin is another example (average altitude of 550 m), where the frequency of thermal inversions is 5-7 times a month, with diurnal duration of 1 day/ night. They are most stable in the autumn (reaching up to 3-5 days). These basin inversions involve the upper atmospheric layer to an altitude of 40 to 200 m and their impact goes up to 600-800 m along the Dabrash slopes.
Physical-Geographical Characteristics
51
Temperature inversions have strong impact in other parts of this mountain too, such as the Dospat basin (1200 m), the Velingrad (Chepino) basin (750-800 m), the Hvoina basin (750-800 m), the Cherna river valley near Smolyan, etc. It is expected, that inversions occur also in the Chech Gorge in Greece. The Western Rhodopes northern foot is also exposed to the impact of deep inversions in the Upper Thracian basin. The annual regimes of the so-called extreme temperatures, i.e. the maximum and minimum temperatures resemble the average temperature regime (Table 2). Absolute maximum and average absolute maximum temperatures have been registered in August in all Bulgarian stations in the Western Rhodopes. Their values fluctuate between 35,9 and 34,6°C for the absolute maximum temperatures in the low parts (Assenovgrad and Peshtera, respectively), 27,1-30,0°C in the mid-mountain zone (Beglika and Chepelare) and below 25°C in the high mountain parts (25,2 °C Persenk rest house). The highest absolute temperatures have been registered in the lowest mountain peripheral zones: 39,0°C in Gotze Delchev, 40,9 °C in Assenovgrad, 41,6 °C in Djebel; 41,9°C in Peshtera. Absolute minimum and average absolute minimum monthly temperatures, which occur in January or February, show well-expressed inversions relatively to altitude (Table 2) For example, the highest station of Persenk rest house registers absolute minimum January temperature of -16,9°C and an absolute minimum temperature of -24,7°C. At the same time in Velingrad, 1000 m lower, these values are -18,7°C and -33,3°C respectively. The reason for this difference is orographic, i.e. it is caused by well-expressed inversions in locked valleys and basins. The combined effect of both valley closeness and high altitude make the Beglika region second the coldest place in Bulgaria, with an average minimum January temperature of -12C, after the Moussala peak, where it is -13,8°C. As far as absolute minimum temperatures are concerned again Beglika comes second in Bulgaria (-35,7°C), after Trun with -38,3°C. The orographic effect in combination with altitude is even more noted felt with the average January absolute minimum temperatures. By this index the Beglika station is again one of the coldest places in Bulgaria (-26,6°C according to VELEV, 1991). In Beglika these temperature features are record low for the rest of the winter months too: -21,8C in December and -25,4C in February. For this reason the Beglika territory has been declared the coldest place in winter not only in the Rhodopes region, but in Bulgaria as a whole. Higher minimum extreme temperatures may be expected at the Rhodopes southern periphery in Greece, probably within the -12 to -15°C range for the absolute ones and from -5 to -10°C for the average absolute minimum temperatures. Compared to air temperatures, soil temperatures are higher and show smaller amplitudes. Soil temperature is an integral index, reflecting the combination of local climate, soil-vegetation cover, topography, geologic specifics and water regime of any territory. Though regular measurements of soil temperature have not been undertaken in the Western Rhodopes region, some basic conclusions may be drawn, based on data from stations in Smolyan, Kardjaly, Gotze Delchev, as well as from an unpublished research in Dabrash. The average annual soil temperature in the Western Rhodopes is between by -3°C and 2,4°C (Djebel and Smolyan respectively) lower than the air temperature. This
52
P. STEFANOV
difference increases significantly with the absolute temperatures: 10-15°C for the absolute maximum and 15-20°C for the absolute minimum. Even in winter the average temperatures remain positive (with the exception of some isolated ridge tops, more than 2000 m high, where the January and February average monthly temperatures may be negative). For this reason the soil frost-free period is longer, compared to that, in the air. Regardless of the fact that the maximum depth of frost permeation is 20-25 cm (January), even during the coldest months only the upper soil layer of 5-10 cm freezes. This layer experiences also the highest values of temperature fluctuations. From the end of February, until the end of November for the lower mountain zone and from the end of March until the beginning of November in the mid-mountain zone soil temperatures remain stable above 5°C. They reach their highest values in July-August for the Southern parts (23-25°C in Dabrash) and in September for the rest of the mountain. The summer diurnal fluctuations of soil temperatures reach their maximum depth down to 60-70 cm (in the conditions of clear sky and high soil humidity). As a whole, the soil temperature conditions in the Western Rhodopes are favorable for active physical/chemical and biochemical processes throughout the whole year. At the same time, because of the lower extreme values of soil temperatures and the insignificant temperature amplitudes, the soil substrata physical disintegration is limited. Hoarfrost may be considered as a kind of a combined indicator of air and soil temperatures below 0°C in spring (April, May) and in autumn (September, October). Hoarfrosts occur most often in the conditions of temperature inversions in basins and mountain depressions, where the average hoarfrost free period length is shorter (156 days in Velingrad, 136 days in Dospat, 63 at Beglika, 186 in Zlatograd and 164 in Smolyan). For the lower zones and mountain foot parts in the Western Rhodopes hoarfrosts occur only 2-3 days a year, while in the Greek coastal area there are some hoarfrost free years. Hoarfrosts are of different origin: 60-70% of the autumn hoarfrosts are radiation induced, while in spring advection/radiation hoarfrosts prevail. The period of stable average diurnal temperatures above 0°C attributed to vegetation is termed as vegetation-inactive, or winter period. This is the time of frost, with occurrences of crio-nival weathering, soil freezing, snowfall prevalence, as well as formation of a stable snow cover. The lower limit of manifestation of this period follows the 250-300 m zone to the North and 500-800 m in the Southern parts in Greece. The regions under this limit experience positive radiation balance in winter. The low mountain zones have vegetationinactive periods of 60-70 days. It is 100-115 days for the mid-mountain zones, while for the high elevations above 1700-1800 m it reaches up to 120 days. Sequences of weather cooling and warming in winter are often observed in the Western Rhodopes Mountain. They are confirmed by data showing transitions of temperatures through 0°C. The reason is the transition from one type of air mass movement to another, caused by the high activeness (instability) of the winter atmospheric circulation. This produces higher fluctuations of climatic elements in winter and the respective weather formation during the different months. According to data by STANEV (1991) in 7-10 years in average a severe winter happens or an extremely warm year. For example, severe winters were registered in 1907, 1929, 1954, and 1963, while the years of 1915, 1936 and 1955 were extremely warm.
Physical-Geographical Characteristics
53
The average frost-free period is of great importance for the Western Rhodopes vegetation, i.e. the length of the period without negative temperatures at any time of observation. For the Western Rhodopes Mountain this period, (namely the period between the average dates of the last spring and the first autumn frost) is 233-208 days (Assenovgrad and Djebel respectively) and 138-61 days (for Persenk and Beglika). Presumably in the low mountain parts in Greece the frost-free period reaches 250 days. Locked basins and large mountain depressions experience shorter frost-free periods and the Beglika station registers almost the same frost-free period as the Botev and Cherni Vrah peaks (60 days). If the latest and the earliest dates of spring and autumn frosts are taken into account, the “net” duration of frost-free weather should be shortened to 203-155 days (for Assenovgrad and Djebel) and 88 days at Persenk. In the region of Beglika, as well at altitudes above 1900 m such a period does not exist. The frost-free period is almost equal to the hoarfrost-free period (Table 2) Frost occurrence in soils is highly limited, as the period free of frost is 1-2 months longer, reaching to 260-290 days. Periods of stable temperatures above 5°C (for the natural vegetation) and above 10°C (for the agricultural vegetation) are extremely important for the active development of vegetation, and for all chemical and biogenic processes of the exomorphodynamics. The former period is referred to as vegetative period (more strictly, its beginning and end are marked by the stable duration of average air temperatures above 3°C, an index of bio-productivity used by Paterson). The latter period, namely the period with temperatures above 10°C is referred to as active vegetative period. The vegetative period marks the beginning of spring; its end is the end of autumn, while the active vegetative period coincides with summer. In the Western Rhodopes these periods favor vegetation (Table 2), as their maximum duration is observed in the lower-mountain southern zones. The stable period with temperatures above 5°C there is 260-280 days (heat of 3900-4450°C), while the active vegetative period with temperatures 10°C is 185-210 days (3200-3700°C). The most Southern parts of the mountain in Greece probably experience heat values of 45005000°C and 3900-4300°C respectively. In the mid-mountain zone heat sums for the above 5°C temperatures (190-230 days) amount to 2300-2900°C, while for the above 10°C period these values are (100-140 days) 1600-2400°C. Above 1800 m as well as in the intra-mountain depressions and large valleys in the Beglika region (due to inversions) the vegetation period starts in the end of April, the same time as the peak of Persenk. The temperature sums there are lower, under 1600-1800°C (for 160-180 days) and under 1000-1200°C (for 80-100 days) respectively. As far as the stable periods of temperatures above 0°, 5° and 10° and the relating sums of heat the Western Rhodopes Mountain is noted as a region of highest values in Bulgaria. If altitude is taken into account, these values come close to those in the Eastern Rhodopes and the Black Sea regions. For example, for the period above 0°C, which is 365 days in the low zones, temperature sums of 4160°C have been measured at Gotze Delchev and 4635°C at Assenovgrad (compare those of Ivailovgrad with 4710°C, Sozopol, 4850°C and Sandanski 5075°C). The southern lower Greek parts of the mountain receive 10-15% more heat, taking into account that in Thessalonica the temperature sum for the
54
P. STEFANOV
period with temperatures above 0°C (365 days) amounts to 5800°C (YORDANOVA, 2004). The shorter period of freezing temperatures and the longer vegetation period in the Western Rhodopes Mountain create climatic conditions closer to those of the lower mountains in Eastern Bulgaria. This allows all-year round prevalence of fluviogenic processes within the morphogenesis, including karst types in the regions of limestone. Temperature sums determine the thermal conditions in the Western Rhodopes as highly favorable for the normal development of natural vegetation, including SubMediterranean species. At the same time they are suitable for mountain types of agriculture. The Southwestern and Southern regions offer excellent resources for tobacco growing, extending up to 1300 m. According to HERSHKOVICH (1991), the necessary temperature sum for this crop maturing is 2800°C, for the period with temperature above 10°C. The entire mountain is suitable for cultivation of less heat-requiring early crops, mainly potatoes (up to 1800 m, as the heat necessary for their maturing is 800°C, for the period with temperatures above 10°C, HERSHKOVICH, 1991). The Western Rhodopes Mountain is excellent habitat for meadow and grazing vegetation, which occurs upon treeless terrains. This type of vegetation allows the development of the traditionally strong mountain grazing stockbreeding. Grazing is possible from 15 March in the lower mountain belt where the active vegetative period begins from 2 April. It can start from 24 April at 1600-1800 m of altitude and after 3 May at higher altitudes (STAMENOV, DYANKOVA, 1989). Concerning heat values, some important anomalous localities can be outlined in the Western Rhodopes Mountain. The first one is the already mentioned Belgika, which is the coldest place in this mountain. At the same time, the specific local conditions have shaped the region of Assenovgrad in the Assenica valley as a specific heat oasis (Table 2). Another region is the Dorbostan karst massive. No matter of the lack of meteorological observations, indirect facts show that it can also be separated as a climatic locality of higher heat values. Wet Conditions The Western Rhodopes climatic resources are highly determined by both heat conditions and moisture. The latter depends a lot on precipitation and evaporation. Precipitation The amount of precipitation is determined by atmospheric circulation and topography. The greatest amount of precipitation occurs along the cold, occlusion and warm fronts of cyclones and is well known as frontal precipitation. When the front reaches mountain basins and lower slopes, the air is pushed up the slopes and the socalled orographic rain occurs. This is the reason for the high precipitation values along the dividing slopes: 200 to 300 mm in the Southeastern parts of the mountain and at the Western Rhodopes foot. During the warm season intra-mass precipitation occurs, caused by heating of the earth surface and some active convective movements. These precipitation sums make a small part of the annual precipitation, compared to the other two types of rain and their amount is larger in the mid-mountain belt. Precipitation values increase with elevation, but this is not a universal rule, as usually considered. It can be assumed, that the orographic increase applies to the lower
Physical-Geographical Characteristics
55
mountain slopes and their feet (VELEV, 1990). In the Western Rhodopes Mountain precipitation dependency on elevation is even weaker: most abundant precipitation occur in the Southeastern mid-mountain parts (above 1100-1200 mm annually), while in the Western and Central mountain parts the precipitation sums amount to 1001100 mm. Research about the impact of topography on precipitation established some local and regional regularities (STEFANOV, unpublished data). Based on this data a map of precipitation in the Western Rhodopes has been compiled. In the lower mountain zone the vertical precipitation gradient amounts to 30-40 mm for each 100 m, while in the mid-mountain zone it increases up to 60-70 mm in 100 m. As expected, mean annual precipitation shows significant territorial diversity. Smallest precipitation sums (600-750 mm) occur at the Southwest foot and the Northwest foot of the mountain. The mid-mountain zone receives between 900 and 100 mm, while the amount at the high summit parts of Beslet and Arda ridges exceed 100-1200 m. The highest rainfall occurs along the crosswind slopes such as Dabrash, where it has been established, that orographic impact causes mean annual rainfall differences with neighboring stations of similar altitude reaching values of almost 100-150 mm. Research held on the impact of topography on precipitation established some local and regional regularities. (STEFANOV, unpublished data). Based on this data a map of precipitation in the Western Rhodopes has been compiled. In the lower mountain zone the vertical precipitation gradient amounts to 30-40 mm for each 100 m, while in the mid-mountain zone it increases up to 60-70 mm in 100 m. Temperate continental climate is marked by precipitation along the cold fronts of Atlantic cyclones with May-June maximums. The ocean type of air and its advection often combines with both the local overheat of the Earth surface (mainly in June) and the orographic effect. The precipitation minimum then is in February-March, when the Atlantic cyclons’ activity is the weakest. This type of precipitation regime is typical for the Central Western Rhodopes region. A secondary autumn-winter maximum (November-December) and a secondary summer-autumn minimum (August-September) can also be observed. The lower Southeastern, Southern and Southwestern mountain parts fall under the impact of Mediterranean cyclones, which have maximum frequency in the end of autumn and in winter. For this reason, the precipitation maximum is in NovemberDecember, but in the most Eastern and Southern sections it is in January. The precipitation minimum is in August-September relating to the low activeness of both Mediterranean and Atlantic cyclones. Again, with this precipitation regime secondary extremities occur, namely a spring-summer precipitation maximum (May-June) and a winter precipitation minimum (February-March). The third type of seasonal distribution of precipitation in the Western Rhodopes Mountain is transitional between the two former ones. Two pairs of almost concurrent precipitation maximums and minimums occur, while precipitation is relatively evenly distributed throughout the year. This is due to the almost equal impact of Mediterranean and Atlantic cyclones, involving most of the Western Rhodopes territory. At some precipitation measurement stations (such as Srednogortzi, Raikovo, Mugla, Trigrad, Dospat, Sartnitza, Vishteritza, Beslet, Dikchan, etc.) both precipitation maximums record the same sums of rain (Table 2). Precipitation minimums show similar proportions.
Average annual Average annual minimum temperature Mean monthly temperature for the coldest month (January) Average of the monthly absolute minimum temperatures (January/July) Absolute minimum temperature (January) Period of transition through 0°С Average number of days with transition through 0°С Mean dates of the first and the last frost Average duration of frost free weather Dates of the first and last hoarfrost Average duration of hoarfrost free weather Mean annual maximum temperature Mean monthly temperature for the warmest month Mean absolute maximum temperature (January/July) -13,2/ 11,2 -25,9 Х-IV 70
-14,3/ 9,2 -31,5
-
Asenovgrad (232) 17Х28III 233 -
-
-10,8/ 13,1 -23,7
12,7 7,6 0,8
3
Peshtera (436)
Velingrad (745) 5
6
7
Beglika Area (1152) 8
9
15II1IV 227 -
-
-10,4/ 11,7 -19,5
11,5 7,2 -0,3
30IХ27IV 155 9.Х-30.V 156
-
-18,7/ 6,2 -33,3
8,8 2,4 -2,3
3Х1V 154 -
-
19,5/ 6,8 (VII) -32,6
7,0 2,6 -2,2
16VIII15VI 61 -
-
-26,6/ 0,3 -35,7
3,7 -2,7 -5,7
17IХ5V 134 -
-
-18,9/ 4,0 -26,7
6,8 1,3 -2,8
3Х1V 154 -
-
-20,1/ 2,1 -34,0
5,4 -0,2 -4,4
Air temperature (°С) (for the period up till 1970)
4
27IХ11V 138 -
IIХ-VI 94
-16,9/ 4,4 -24,7 (II)
4,7 0,9 -4,2
10
Chepelare (1100) 3Х30IV 154 -
-
-17,2/ 4,9 -25,6
7,3 1,7 -2,5
11
Smolyan (1180) 20Х16IV 186 -
-
-14,1/ 7,8 -20,5
8,1 4,0 -1,5
12
Raykovo (866) 8Х22IV 168 8.Х-23.V 164
IХ-VI 100
-14,7/ 6,5 -30,0 (II)
8,5 2,9 -1,3
13
Srednogortsi (640)
-
-12,2/ 8,5 -25,3
10,8 4,9 0,8
15
Zlatograd (430) 18Х24Х17IV 7IV 183 199 17.Х-20.V 186
-
-14,6/ 6,5 -25,2
9,6 3,9 -0,3
14
3ХI8IV 208 -
-
-13,2/ 10,8 -29,2
12,2 6,4 0,8
16
Djebel (326)
11,8/ 35,1
12,8/ 36,1
12,5/ 35,9
12,8/ 24,6
11,3/ 33,2
11,1/ 28,7
9,9/ 27,1
9,2/ 29,1
8,3/ 27,3
9,0/ 25,2
11,1/ 30,0
10,7/ 28,9
10,9/ 30,7
12,8/ 32,6
13,5/ 33,8
13,7/ 35,3
18,1 18,0 17,8 16,4 15,5 12,2 11,0 12,8 10,8 8,7 13,5 12,6 14,6 15,8 17,1 17,7 21,7/VII 22,9/VII 23,7/VIII 22,0/VIII 18,6/VII 16,2/VII 12,7/VII 15,7/VIII 14,6/VIII 13,4/VIII 16,6/VII 17,7/VII 17,9/VII 18,9/VII 20,6/VII 23,0/VII
19Х27Х12IV 13IV 189 196 21.Х-24.V 190 -
11,9 6,2 -0,2
2
Gotse Delchev (511)
11,4 5,0 -0,2
Pazardjik (205)
1
Dospat Dam (1267)
CLIMATIC STATION (altitude, m)
Yundola Area (1350)
CLIMATIC INDICES
Batak Dam (1115)
Table 2 Basic climatic indices for represntative stations in the Western Rhodopes (According to data from the Climatic Yearbook of Bulgaria, T. 2-5: 1979, 1982, 1983, 1990).
Persenk Hut (1750)
56 P. STEFANOV
Mean annual quantity Precipitation quantity during the: - autumn - winter - spring - summer K autumn + winter spring + summer Precipitation maximum - main - additional Precipitation minimum- main - additional Maximum diurnal precipitation: - annual monthly (month) - quantity
Average duration of the period with stable keeping above 100С Temperature sum during the active vegetation period (above 100С) Temperature amplitude: - mean annual amplitude - mean diurnal (August) (maximum) - mean diurnal (December) (minimum)
Average duration of the period with temperatures above 50С Temperature sum during the vegetation period (above 50С) Dates of stable keeping above 100С
Absolute maximum temperature (August) Dates of stable temperatures above 0°С Mean duration of the period with temperatures stable above 0°С Temperature sum during the period of stable temperatures above 0°С Dates of stable stay above 50С 4380 7.III-II 28.II 265 4180 4.IV29.Х 207 3760 11,8 15,6 7,6
4160
9.III-II 11.Х 263
3960
23.III10.ХI 202
3500
13,1 17,0 9,0
72 (V) 51 (ХI) 29 (II) 36 (VIII)
26 (VI) 26 (VI) 47 52
83 (ХII) 64 (VI) 30 (VIII) 51 (III)
27 (ХI) 47
70 (VI) 58 (ХII) 34 (VIII) 35 (II)
138 138 160 157 0,87
131 112 160 145 0,80
179 216 161 143 1,30
593
548
10,2 12,5 7,1
3675
30.IV-I 5.ХI 203
4435
4.III-II 5.ХII 275
4635
365
40,9 (VII) -
3
696
17.I12.I 359
40,6 (VII) 18.I-I 12.I 359
2
39,0
1
13,1 16,7 9,5
2626
27.IV13.Х 168
3110
27.III-I 16.ХI 233
3280
13.II-II 16.ХII 305
38,4
5
9,6 11,2 7,7
2010
9.V1.Х 144
2580
7.IV-I 16.ХI 222
2715
5.III-II 17.ХII 286
35,4
6
13,7 16,7 11,3
990
9.VI1.IХ 83
1625
30.IV12.Х 164
1800
10.IV-I 25.ХI 228
33,7
7
11,5 15,1 8,5
1900
12.V29.IХ 139
2410
12.IV-I 7.ХI 208
2595
1.III-II 15ХII 288
34,6
8
23 (V) 40
80 (V) 51 (ХI) 36 (II) 35 (VIII)
139 131 182 158 0,79
166 182 234 224 0,76
23 (VI) 39
31 (V) 46
73 (V) 109 (V) 52 (ХI) 66 (ХII) 36 (IХ) 51 (IХ) 40 (II) 51 (II)
135 138 160 160 0,85
28 (VI) 47
126 (VI) 83 (ХI) 48 (IХ) 65 (IV)
189 244 250 255 0,86
29 (ХI) 48
102 (VI) 86 (ХI) 48 (VIII) 60 (III)
199 231 224 226 0,96
31,3
10
11,0 14,0 8,8
1595
22.V22.IХ 122
2105
17.IV26.Х 191
2260
193 176 249 250 0,74
181 209 206 227 0,90
823
11,8 14,5 9,3
2095
9.V5.Х 148
2615
6.IV-I 10.ХI 217
2775
26.II-II 14.ХII 290
36,5
11
25 (VI) 43
32 (V) 28VII, ХII 51 50
98 (V) 130 (V) 95 (V) 60 (ХII) 71 (ХI) 78 (ХII) 44 (IХ) 50 (II) 51 (III) 43 (II) 54 (IХ) 51 (VIII)
145 150 207 213 0,70
868
7,8 9,1 6,7 (II)
1220
6.VI14.IХ 99
1835
27.IV24.Х 179
2030
20.III-II 25.III-II 1.ХII 4.ХII 255 253
32,8
9
Precipitation (mm) (for the period up to 1985) 610 954 807 938 880 715
9,2 12,0 6,5
3565
9.IV30.Х 184
4000
14.III-II 1.ХII 261
4225
10.I12.I 357
41,9
4
-
-
-
-
8,6 10,3 6,8
2340
3.V8.Х 158
2870
2.IV-I 17.ХI 228
3010
21.II-II 16.ХII 297
35,0
12
220 243 216 215 1,07
894
11,9 15,2 9,0
2750
24.IV17.Х 175
3285
23.III-I 25.ХI 246
3510
20.I-I 11.I 355
39,4
14
268 359 250 180 1,46
1058
12,2 16,5 8,7
3180
17.IV27.Х 192
3630
16.III-II 4.ХII 262
3940
365
-
39,1
15
32 (ХI) 55
-
43 (ХI-ХII) 78
100 (ХII) 96 (V) 137 (ХII) 98 (ХI) 91 (ХII) 93 (V) 50 (IХ) 54(VIII-IХ) 37(VIII) 59 (III) 58 (III) 76 (IV)
209 259 208 235 1,06
911
11,7 15,1 8,6
2440
29.IV10.Х 163
2965
28.I-II 27.ХII 332
-
8.IХ23.V 164
35,5
13
-
118 (ХII) 80 (V) 37(VIII) 60 (IV)
213 277 209 144 1,39
843
11,3 14,9 7,8
3740
7.IV3.ХI 209
4185
7.III5ХII 272
4450
365
-
41,6
16
Physical-Geographical Characteristics 57
Average annual
- Frequency of the prevailing wind according to its speed (%) Direction: - mean annual frequency of the wind direction (%) and windless weather (%) - probability for average prevailing wind (direction in degrees, %) - frequency of strong winds (V≥14 m/sec), by prevailing direction
Speed (m/sec.): - mean annual speed - maximum mean monthly (month) - minimum mean monthly (month)
Altitude: - average seasonal altitude - maximum altitude (February) Duration: Average dates of possible formation Beginning and final dates of stable snow cover Average duration of the period with snow cover Average duration of the period with stable snow cover Average number of days with snow cover Relative proportion of the days with stable snow cover
Maximum diurnal precipitation quantity (date)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
-
26 -
19
23,0
79,1
5,0
5,1
-
27
-
-
-
16 53
48,0
54
18ХI13IV 10ХII1IV 140
18 67
5,2
-
-
-
-
-
-
SW61,9; W12,7
NE 35,4/ 59,8 N35/52,1 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
48,0
58
24ХI31III 5ХII5IV 125
20 105
-
12
-
-
-
-
-
-
101,2 (II 1931)
13
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
10,0
23
13ХII16III 27ХII16III 90
15 70
234,0 (Х 1970)
15
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
-
-
-
5,4
5,2
5,4
S20,8; W N N E20,0/ 45,1/ 42,9/ 30,5/ 55,6 18,4 68,8 55,2 NE31/35,7; SW N6/ NW SE33/31,1 37/62,1 58,9 29/51,5 S32,3; W57,7; N43,9; N41,9; SW18,1; SW17,4 S24,4 NW41,9 NW15,9
5,0
-
-
-
4,8
-
-
-
4,8
-
-
-
5,1
NE 21,5/ 46,0 N29/ 38,0 S53,1; SW27,6
1,0 1,4 5,2 1,3 1,5 1,0 1,0 1,1 2,3 1,2 (II-III) 1,7 (II) 7,2 (II, ХII)1,7 (II-III) 1,8 (II) 1,4 (III) 1,4 (III) 1,2 (II-IV) 3,2 (II) 0,9 1,3 3,4 (VII) 1,1 (VI-Х) 1,1 (Х) 0,8 (ХII) 0,7 (ХII) 0,9 (VI) 1,8 (VI-ХI) VIII-ХI (VI,IХ) 74,4 46,6 75,4 60,6 62,9
-
-
-
-
-
-
General cloudiness (for the period up till 1970) 5,0 5,5 5,6 5,5 4,9
-
-
-
97,0
108/119
11ХI23IV 18ХI4V 165
40 110
Wind (for the period up till 1970)
40,0
56
22ХI24III 5ХII15III 118
-
3,1 1,7 1,5 1,4 3,6 (II) 2,2 (VIII) 2,0 (IV) 1,8 (IV) 2,4 1,1 (ХII) 1,0 (I) 1,1 (I) (ХI-ХII) 51,9 78,6 -
-
NW NE W27,3; 29,2/ 42,6/ S24,0/ 71,9 20,5 33,6 W34/ N27/ SW36/39,0; 49,2 49,0 SE30/34,7 NW35,0; N59,7; W64,6; W16,0; SW NW NW24,2 12,5; N11,5 36,8
80,0
0,8 1,5 1,3 (IV) 1,8 (III) 0,5 (ХI) 1,2 (Х)
-
-
15
-
-
18ХII13III 26ХII13III 76
-
11 53
-
Snow cover
87,9 (VIII 145,2 98,0 (VIII 82,0 86,0 (VI 72,5 87,0 (VIII 107,0 98,8 (VI 120,0 107,0 (ХI 1949) (IХ 1957) 1984) (VI 1957) 1932) (VII 1961) 1949) (ХI 1961) 1935) (II 1968) 1961)
1
58 P. STEFANOV
3
4
5
86 15,6 (VIII) 3,3 (I)
73 14,1 (VIII) 3,1 (II)
83 57 13,9 10,5 (VIII) (VIII) 4,0 (III) 1,6 (V)
90 15,3 (VIII) 4,6 (V)
-
6
Relative humidity (%) - mean annual/ annual minimum - mean monthly for XII / absolute minimum - mean monthly for VIII / absolute minimum Humidity deficiency (mb): - mean annual / absolute maximum at 14 h - mean monthly for XII/I/ absolute maximum at 14 h - mean monthly for VIII/ absolute maximum at 14 h
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
84 63 89 94 12,9 9,8 12,6 13,9 (VIII) (VIII) (VIII) (VIII) 3,2 (V) 2,3 (V-VI) 3,1 (V) 5,1 (III)
86 13,1 (VIII) 3,4 (I)
76 13,3 (VIII) 2,4 (V)
80 12,3 (VIII) 2,4 (V)
104 16,8 (VIII) 4,6 (I)
100 16,6 (VIII) 4,3 (I)
79 14,5 (VIII) 3,1 (I)
6,5 (V) 6,6 (ХII) 5,9 (ХII) 6,6 (III) 6,1 (I) 6,6 (I, III) 6,1 (ХII) 6,2 (ХII) 6,2 (I) 6,8 (I) 3,5 (VIII) 3,5 (VIII) 3,0(VIII) 3,2 (VIII) 3,1(VIII) 2,8 (VIII) 3,0 (VIII) 2,5 (VIII) 2,5 (VIII) 2,7 (VIII)
7
11,7/49,4 14,9/53,613,2/ 53,4
9,4
6,6
68
11,6
65
76 82
1,2
55
74 83
1,2/9,1 1,4/11,4 1,5/13,2 1,3/10,2 1,3/13,3
50
69 81
3,4
62
62/12
66 80
5,5/56,4 5,7/49,4 7,1/53,6 6,1/53,4 4,6/57,2
72 83
72/11 84/27
4,6
0,8
2,3
75
82 87
7,3
0,9
3,4
66
76 84
6,1
1,1/9,1
2,9/37,6
69/15
78/12 85/20
36,9/190 10,4/91 26,5/99
Air humidity (for the period up till 1970)
47,7 24,4 23,3
5,4
0,9
2,6
68
78 85
55,3 22,7 32,6
7.0/42,7
1,2/9.9
3,6/42,7
69/11
76/10 82/20
19,3 6,3 13,0
8,6
1,7
4,3
59/16
67/8 74/21
26,2/66 5,5/16 20,7/57
8,3/50,6
1,4/12,9
4,0/50,6
67/11
74/7 80/17
-
8,9
1,3
4,3
66/12
74/12 81/17
13,0 3,8 9,2
10,4
1,2
4,6
64/16
75/4 85/34
12,9
1,4
5,6
59/16
73/15 86/32
11,5/24 17,3/52 1,6/8 1,6/7 9,9/22 15,7/47
90 97 91 103 104 106 122 97 87 121 97 106 86 88 91 93 12,8 14,2 13,6 14,2 13,0 14,1 15,9 13,5 12,0 14,6 12,5 13,9 12,3 13,2 13,9 14,2 (ХII-I) (ХII-I) (I) (ХII-I) (ХII-I) (III) (ХII-I) (ХII-I) (I) (III) (I) (ХII-I) (I) (ХII-I) (ХII-I) (ХII-I) 1,4 (VIII) 1,6 (VIII) 1,0 (VIII) 1,9 (VIII) 2,8 (VIII) 2,1 (VIII) 3,1 (VIII) 1,2 (VIII) 1,7(VIII) 3,4 (VIII) 2,3(VIII) 1,3 (VIII) 1,3(VIII) 1,0 (VIII) 0,7 (VIII) 1,9 (VIII)
86 13,5 (VIII) 3,0 (V)
6,2 (ХII-I) 6,7 (ХII) 6,8 (ХII) 6,4 (ХII) 6,6 (ХI) 2,9 (VIII) 2,7 (VIII) 2,8 (VIII) 3,5 (VIII) 3,4 (VIII)
2
Fog Number of days: - average annual / annual maximum 19,1/49 15,5/52 23,2/53 23,8/64 25,0/72 28,3/111 37,4 - for the IV-IХ period: average/maximum 1,8/7 0,7/10 1,7/10 2,4/7 4,2/24 6,7/34 21,4 - for the Х-III period: average/maximum 17,3/47 14,8/4 21,5/52 21,4/58 20,8/53 21,6/77 16,0
- minimum (month)
- minimum (month) Number of dusky days - average annual - maximum (month)
Average monthly: - maximum (month) - minimum (month) Number of clear days: - average annually - maximum (month)
1
Physical-Geographical Characteristics 59
60
P. STEFANOV
The precipitation minimum in August-September is due to frequent anticyclone situations in the Western Rhodopes and coincides with the high summer temperatures. This is the reason why continuous summer droughts appear in the end of the summer and the beginning of spring, especially typical for the lower mountain parts. The scanty precipitation in March-April is caused by both the weaker influence of the Mediterranean air mass pressure minimum and the still weak influx of oceanic air form Northwest. The coincidence of both the basic precipitation period with positive air temperatures and unfrozen soil conditions prolongs the period of vegetation and f luviogenic morphodynamics (until December in the Southern parts). For example, in Dabrash 5565% of the precipitation occurs during the active vegetation period. Torrential rains (above 20-25 mm per day/night) and intensive rains (above 0.18 mm/min), causing floods, provoking accelerated erosion and material loss occur most often along the climatic fronts. Intensive precipitation has its maximum in May and June. Intensive rains are of high frequency (132 cases in Smolyan, 116 in Zlatograd, 116 in Srednogortzi, MATEEVA, 2002). It is interesting to note, that the maximum intensive rains have been recorded at the Northern foot of the Western Rhodopes Mountain which region falls into a precipitation shadow and in fact receives the lowest mean annual precipitation sums (4.09 mm/min at Peshtera station; 4.26 mm/min at Pazardjik, VELEV, 1990). Nevertheless, during the warm season cold fronts are well expressed and strong thermal convections occur. Most frequent intensive precipitation cases occur at the Western Rhodopes Northern foot slopes, as well as in the Eastern parts (up to 10 cases annually). Their maximums are in October/November – January/February and they relate to the intraannual distribution. Extremely high diurnal precipitation sums have been measured along the Southeastern slopes: 215 mm on 04.02.1963, and 234 mm on 03.10.1970 at the station of Zlatograd. In Dabrash the absolute diurnal precipitation maximum was 187 mm, registered at Satovcha. Torrential precipitation rarely occurs above 1000 m. Precipitation types are closely related to air temperatures. Rain prevails in the Western Rhodopes Mountain. Rainfall proportion within the annual precipitation amounts to 80-90% for the lower parts (from the beginning of March until the end of December), 70-80% in the mid-mountain zone (the middle of March-the end of November) and 55-70% at the high mountain peaks (the beginning of April-the middle of October). Snowfall makes 5-15% of the entire precipitation (the beginning of January-the end of February), 10-20% (in the middle of December-the middle of March) and 2025% (in the middle of November-middle of April). The mean monthly snow quantity is highest in January at 1300-1400 m and shifts through February. Mixed rain-and snowfall make 5-10% of the Southwest foot area precipitation (the beginning of Novembermiddle of March), 10-15% for the mid-mountain parts (middle of October-middle of April) and 15-25% of the high mountain zone precipitation (the beginning of Octoberend of April-beginning of May). Snowfall holds higher proportion in the high mountain zone of the Western Rhodopes between 1200 and 1600m with a center in the Beglika region, with its large denudation levels and wide valley depressions, where because of the anomalously low temperatures and relatively high quantities of winter precipitation, almost half of it is snow.
Physical-Geographical Characteristics
61
The high relative amount of liquid precipitation in the Western Rhodopes Mountain, significantly exceeding that in other mid-elevation mountains in Bulgaria is due to the air temperature course above and around 0°C during the winter precipitation maximum. This creates favorable conditions for the fluviogenic morphogenesis in this mountain during the larger portion of the year, while in the most Southern parts these conditions last all the year round. Snowfall amounts and winter temperatures determine the snow cover in the Western Rhodopes Mountain. Snow cover on the other hand has its impact upon the radiation balance (through the albedo) and influences the water-heat balance. In the low mountain parts the first snow cover occurs during the second half of December and ends around the middle of March, i.e. the period with possible formation of snow cover lasts about 3 months. The most Southern parts experience much shorter periods of snow cover and some foot slopes in Greece never see snow cover at all. In the mid-mountain zone the snow cover may last up to 5 months (from the second half of November until the beginning of April). Thermal inversions in the Beglika region cause 1 month longer period of snow cover (from 11 November until 23 April). The longest snow cover period is registered along the highest ridges above 1800 m (from mid-October until the end of May). The time between the average snow cover first and last date is called period of possible snow cover formation, but in the lower southern parts of this mountain the snow cover melts repeatedly (when temperatures exceed 0°C). For this reason there is no average long-year period of stable snow cover. In the mid- and high mountain zones snow cover is formed each year, but its actual period of stability is shorter than the average figure (Table 2). At higher altitudes and above 2000 m these two periods (the average and the actual ones) become equal. In the Western Rhodopes Mountain, especially in its Southern parts and the Mesta and Arda valleys, even at 100 m stable snow cover is formed only during 40-50% of the winters (70-80% at the same conditions in Stara planina and Rila mountains). The relative number of winters with stable snow covers increases in the mid-mountain zone up to 50-70% (68% at Shiroka Laka, 97% at Beglika). The average number of days with snow cover in the Western Rhodopes Mountain varies between 15 and 130 days, and this value varies largely in the different regions. The least number of days with snow cover has been observed in the lower zones of the mountain, especially in the Greek parts, where there are some years of no snow. Most days with snow cover have been registered in the Beglika region (119-128 days) and the high ridges (around and more than 130 days). It is also known that the snow cover periods depend very much on slope exposures. Northern slopes keep the snow cover longer, but there is no quantitative data about that. Snow cover duration is strongly connected to its thickness. In the Western Rhodopes Mountain its maximum thickness is between 50 and 110 cm in February. In the lower mountain parts it does not exceed 20-30 cm; in the high mountain ridges it is 130-150 cm. Evaporation Evaporation participates in both water and heat balance of the bedding surface and links the heat and humidity exchange between the Earth surface and the atmosphere. This is how the weather and the climate of a given territory are formed.
62
P. STEFANOV
Evaporation is both directly and indirectly connected to air humidity, so the Western Rhodopes Mountain air humidity conditions should be analyzed. Air humidity is determined by three major indices: water vapor resilience (or “absolute humidity”), relative humidity and humidity deficit. The first index depends directly on the air temperature and has it annual course similar to it. An indicative factor about the air humidity is the proportion between the actual vapor resilience and the maximum possible resilience, expressed in percentages (the relative humidity). Relative humidity has an annual course reverse to that of the water vapor resilience and the air temperature (Table 2). Its maximum (up to 90%) is in the end of spring (May-June), which relates to the precipitation maximum and high evaporation. In winter a secondary maximum occurs, most often in December (80-87%). Its minimum (60-65%) is in early autumn (September-October), while the Southern mountain feet have average values of 45-55% (the driest in the mountain) in the end of summer (August-September). The average amplitude is small: between 10-15%, while in the southern periphery it is about 20-25%. This very high relative humidity in the Western Rhodopes Mountain in summer and autumn compared to the adjacent plains. It is a result from an accelerated convection during these seasons, when water vapor transported by the warm air increases humidity of the mountain slopes. The number of dry days (relative humidity ≤ 30 % at any term of observation) is higher in spring and summer. In the mid-mountain zones their number is smaller (below 15), while in the low mountain parts it is 15-25 days (probably above 30 in Greece); in the high mountain zones it is 80% at 14 h, with a maximum during the cold season. The number of dry days increases with altitude and at high mountain ridges it exceeds 200. The humidity/air combination is of great importance for the morphodynamic processes in the Western Rhodopes Mountain. At higher humidity and temperature the bio-cemical processes in soils are very active. The same applies to bio-corrosion on karst terrains. On the other hand, low relative humidity (dry days) at high or low temperatures activate the physical rock weathering and limits vegetation. Humidity deficit is one of the determinative factors of evaporation from soils and water bodies. This index (Table 2) depends on air temperatures and has the same annual course, with summer maximum (July-August) and a winter minimum (JanuaryFebruary). The greatest amplitudes have been observed in the Mesta valley and at the Southern mountain foot. When the relative humidity and humidity deficit reach their maximum and minimum values respectively, condensation occurs, which if happens on the Earth surface brings about fog, and if it takes place in the free atmosphere clouds are formed. Fogs in the Western Rhodopes Mountain are different by their origin: fogs formed by cooling the low air layer to a level of water vapor saturation; fogs formed by increase of water vapor at evaporation until saturation at a given temperature; fogs originating form the increase of the amount of condensation nuclei at constant temperature and humidity contents (most often in conditions of air pollution). Most often fogs occur in this mountain as a result of cooling. Depending on the cause for air temperature decrease they are divided into: radiation type (resulting from the radiation cooling of the lowest air layer); advection type (from transport of cold air); advection-radiation
Physical-Geographical Characteristics
63
type (from transport of cold air, further cooling radiationally). The radiation types of fogs are the shortest in time (usually they occur before sunrise with minimum temperatures and disappear with the increase of solar radiation during the day). The longest-lasting fogs are those of advection type and especially the advection-radiation type, which may stay in locked mountain depressions and basins for more than 3 days. The number of foggy days varies. Most days with fogs (more than 55 annually) occur in the high mountain parts, least (10-15) days in the Southern periphery. The high ridges experience a lot of foggy days because low clouds often hit them. Except for the winter maximum, a secondary maximum occurs there, when the clouds along the cyclones’ cold fronts are registered as fogs. Notably many foggy days (up to and above 200 days at high mountain peaks and ridges) occur in years of high cyclone frequency during the cold seasons. A certain increase of foggy days is observed at stations in basins and big valleys as a result of the lasting inversion situations there. The Gotze Delchev station reports 19.1 days of fog annually in average, but their maximum number may reach up to 49. For Velingrad these figures are 36.9 and 72 respectively; The Batak station reports 28.3 average number of foggy days, but they may reach up to 111; the Beglika and Dospat station show average annual number of foggy days 37.4 and 47.4 respectively, coming close to the values of high mountain regions. Cloud types and quantities determine both the radiation and heat balance and thus have their impact on most of the climatic elements in the Western Rhodopes. The average annual general cloud cover is most often between 5.0 and 6.0 (tenths from the visible part of the sky observed from the respective station). Only the Southwestern, Southeastern and Southern parts of the mountain make exceptions, where the mean annual cloud cover is below 3.5-5.0. Cloud cover is more than 5.5-6.0 only in the high mountains. Cloud differences are caused by the topographic impact upon the formation of low clouds when cold fronts enter the region. In some basins and wide valleys the cloud cover is 5.5-5.6, while in the Upper Thracian plain it is 5.1-5.3 (VELEV, 1990). In average the clear days in the Western Rhodopes Mountain (cloud cover of 0 to 2) are less than cloudy days (cloud cover from 8 to 10), 57 to 104 and 86 to 122 respectively. Years of most clear days (100-104) and least cloudy days (86-87) occur in the Southern parts (Jalti dyal). Regions with inversions (basins and large valleys) get 5784 clear days and 104-122 cloudy days. The high mountains no matter of the big number of cloudy days (121 for Persenk), get many clear days too (94). Above 1500 m the cloud values in spring are almost the same all over the Western Rhodopes Mountain, and for the highest peaks the maximum is in May and June. It has been established that in winter low and even general cloud cover is less than that in the adjacent plains and basins, while precipitation is higher. This is due to the fact, that winter precipitation is frontal, clouds cover large regions, but the orography is the reason for more rain above the mountains. In addition, larger cloud covers (especially low clouds) do not cover the mountain, but only the ambient basins and plains. Climatic research on evaporation usually applies indirect methods of measurement. The summary evaporation from soils and vegetation (transpiration) depend on a number of factors, the leading ones being the bedding surface radiation balance (expressing the energy resources) and precipitation. The Western Rhodopes radiation
64
P. STEFANOV
balance is enough to provide for about 1000 mm evaporation annually if soil water storage is enough. Atmospheric circulation features, as well as relief, soil and vegetation determine significant differences in precipitation and soil humidity in the Western Rhodopes region. Regardless of the complicated pattern of factors for mountain evaporation, its values decrease regularly with altitude. For the 800-1000 m zone the annual evaporation is generally below 300-350 mm. Heat conditions make a leading factor for the annual evaporation course. For this reason, regardless of the high winter precipitation values in the Western Rhodopes Mountain, evaporation has smallest values in winter (December-January). In spring evaporation increases greatly, to reach its maximum in summer (June), as in the southern periphery, where summer precipitation is small. The evaporation values remain low there (even under 150 mm) compared to the rest of the Bulgarian territory. The evaporation capacity index is most often used in the agro-meteorological practice. It means the maximum possible evaporation from a bedding surface with unlimited humidity storage (the evaporation measured from a water surface), most often calculated empirically. Measurements on this index show evaporation values in the Western Rhodopes Region varying from 800 to 400 mm, depending on elevation (600 mm at 800 m, and below 30 mm for elevations above 1600-1800 m). In August, when the evaporation capacity is highest, evaporation values reach 16-20% from the annual evaporation sums. Comparing precipitation and evaporation brings to some new information about the region’s climate, especially about the insufficiency or surplus of moisture in the root area of soils. In the Western Rhodopes up till 500-800 m (in its Southern periphery) the evaporation capacity is equal to precipitation, while at high elevations excess moisture occurs, which increases with elevation. In the regions of insufficient moisture the moisture lack reaches up to 200-300 mm and in the Greek mountain foot areas it is more than 400 mm. That is why the Western Rhodopes northern foot, the Southwestern slopes (the Mesta valley), the Upper Arda eastern slopes and mostly the Southern Greek periphery are the driest places in this mountain. The precipitation scarcity is highest in the end of summer and the beginning of autumn (150 to 250 mm), again in the Southern foot territories (KYUCHUKOVA, 1991). Moisture conditions in the Western Rhodopes Mountain can be best illustrated through the proportion between precipitation and evaporation capacity during the period of vegetation (the so called moisture coefficient). According to the widely used scale of A. Alpatev, the optimum moisture is defined by values from 0.6 to 0.9. If the coefficient is above 0.9 over-dampening occurs. Between 0.3 and 0.6 moisture is unstable, while below 0.3 it is not enough. In the Western Rhodopes region a moisture coefficients of 0.8 to 1.5 prevail in the low mountain range. In the lowest parts, especially in the Southern periphery mainly in Greece this coefficient gets values lower than 0.3. The lower Western Rhodopes regions and the lower mid-mountain zones show favorable moisture conditions. They have optimum temperature conditions, which make them regions of potentially high bio-productivity. This is confirmed also by the index of Paterson (hydrothermal conditions for potential bio-productivity) amounting to 2.0 to 3.0. Values close to these can be observed in the East Rhodopean region, Sakar and Strandja Mountains.
Physical-Geographical Characteristics
65
There are three climate-defining factors determining the Western Rhodopes climatic division. These include the atmospheric circulation, radiation conditions and the physical geographic features, basically topography, which has its impact on the former factors and introduces additional diversity. Since climate has the features of a fluid, as for example atmosphere (characterized by high resilience), abrupt transitions from one type of climate to another are possible. As a result of the clearly expressed climatic transitiveness, the occurrence of seasons fluctuates during the different years (TISHKOV, 1976, 1982). This transitivity is well expressed through precipitation, showing two maximums and two minimums. The Western Rhodopes is transected by a transitory streak between the regions of annual snow cover (Temperate climate) and those, with snow cover occurring once in a few years (Mediterranean climate). Based on the atmospheric circulation differences, determining the European climatic zones, Bulgaria falls into two climatic regions (VELEV, 1990, 2002): the Temperate Continental (Continental European, according to SABEV & STANEV, 1959) and ContinentalMediterranean (Transitional-Mediterranean according to KIROV, 1929), but both zones’ climates in the Western Rhodopes should be attributed to their mountain versions. According to ALISSOV’s popular genetic classification (1950), the Western Rhodopes Mountain occupies a transitional position between the Continental European region of the Temperate climatic zone (its Southern part) and the Continental Mediterranean region of the Subtropical climatic zone (the most Northern part). For these climatic regions SABEV & STANEV (1959) suggest an additional division into two sub-regions: a Temperate Continental and Transitional Continental ones, as well as South Bulgarian and Black Sea sub-regions respectively. According to these authors, the annual precipitation regime along the North Rhodopes Northern slopes offers good evidence that this territory has features of transition to the Temperate Continental climatic region (STANEV, 1991). A valuable and logical point of this classification is the delineation of mountain-adjacent and lowmountain regions, as well as a mountain climatic region with two parts: a medium-mountain and a high mountain ones. The border between these two regions follows the 1000 m altitude (from 600-700 to 1200-1300m depending on slope exposures). This is the approximate border, where significant annual climatic changes take place. It also marks the altitude of stable snow cover. The altitude of 2000 m (approximately the upper forest limit) makes a border between the mid-mountain and high-mountain parts. Climatic features alter in the pre-mountains and low mountain regions, passing over from plain and lowland types to such of mountainous character. According to the current climatic division of Bulgaria (VELEV, 2002), the Western Rhodopes larger portion falls into the Transitional climatic region (with the exception of the Southern, the South-Western and the South-Eastern territories). This is the Transitional Continental sub-region of SABEV & STANEV (1959), which they divide further into two regions, namely the North Rhodopean low mountainous and the Mountainous ones. Here are some typical features of this region, compared to the Temperate Continental complex: precipitation is still of continental character, i.e. existence of summer maximum and winter minimum, but summer and winter precipitation do not differ significantly, even at some sites they are equal; precipitation minimum gradually
66
P. STEFANOV
shifts from the winter months (February) towards August or September; autumn is warmer than spring, as air mean temperature in October is 1,5-2,0°C higher than that, in April, while in the mountainous region this difference is even greater (2,5-3,0°C); autumn is dryer, with a precipitation sum of 130 mm in the Northern Rhodopes low mountain region and 160-190 mm in the higher mountain region; there are sunny days, especially in the mountain region; winter is softer, but with annual snow cover; annual temperature amplitude is smaller. The large denudation levels with big shallow mountain valleys form specific local climate (such as the Beglika region, with the Shiroka polyana and the Golyam Beglik dams). Because of the well-expressed thermal inversions, observed throughout the whole year, this is the coldest place for this altitude in Bulgaria (1500 m). The latest dates of the last spring and the first autumn frost coincide, which means, that this region has no frost-free period. In addition, both winter and summer diurnal temperature amplitudes are equal (8-10C) – something typical for this region only. Climatic data shows, that even at this slight orographic differentiation (the surrounding mountain slopes near Beglika are only 100-150 m higher), the unique Western Rhodopes slumping in the large mid-mountain zone has much greater climatic effect, compared to that of the deep and locked mountain basins. The precipitation annual regime with two minimums and two maximums is well expressed, but precipitation during the cold season is about 25% less than during the warm season. The mean annual precipitation distribution shows a specific feature, namely the Norhtern part of the Western Rhodopes Mountain falls into a precipitation “shadow”, receiving 35% less annual precipitation, compared to the Southern part of the mountain at the same altitude. Agro-climatically the transitory continental region resembles that, in the Stara Planina (the Balkan), which has been proved by VELEV (1990), applying the Papadakis classification scheme (cool humid agro-climatic type). Hence, attributing the Western Rhodopes to the Transitory climatic region is based mainly on the precipitation regime, while from agro-climatic point of view it is logical this Transitory region to be united with the Temperate-continental one (according to SABEV & STANEV, 1959). The Continental-Mediterranean climatic region (South Bulgarian sub-region, according to SABEV & STANEV, 1959) is subject to the Aegean sea strong climatic influence and includes the Mesta river valley in the Western Rhodopes , and its larger portion is made by Dabrash, the South-East parts of the Arda basin (Upper Arda and Yellow mountains) and especially the mountain southern parts (South of the watershed line). Its climate is characterized by mild, even warm winters, but with frequent, sometimes abundant snowfalls and cloudless, hot and dry summers. Annual temperature amplitudes are small and snow cover is unstable, as low mountain parts never experience stable annual snow cover. These climatic conditions favor the distribution of warm-adapted vegetation and fauna, typical for the Mediterranean areas. The mild and wet winter is caused by the Aegean Sea influence as well as the high frequency of Mediterranean cyclones, following the III-A path. In all regions of altitude less than 700-800 m the mean monthly temperatures throughout the year are positive. In the mid-mountainous territories the winter temperatures are negative, but by 1-1,5°C
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higher than those in the regions of the same altitude, influenced by the transitory climatic region. Because of the Aegean Sea proximity, autumn is warmer than spring. The annual precipitation sums, especially in the Eastern and Southeastern parts are higher than those in other Western Rhodopes regions. This is due to the geographic situation relative to the cyclone paths, as well as to the slope wind exposures. For example, while Thessaloniki or Alexandropolis in Greece register annual precipitation sums of 450 and 500 mm respectively, Zlatograd receives 1058 mm. Analyses of climatic classifications (VELEV, 1990) show, that the Western Rhodopes southern parts can be attributed to the typical subtropical climate (of Mediterranean version). These are the most Southern areas of Continental-Mediterranean climatic region of the Eastern Mediterranean, which infiltrates into Bulgaria through the Struma valley (up to the Kresna gorge to the North), Maritsa, Tundja (up to the Upper Thracian lowland), Arda, Veleka, Varbitsa valleys and along the Southern Black sea coast (up to the Burgas bay). Penetration along the Mesta valley is weaker because of the deep and narrow gorges between the Western Rhodopes and the neighboring high mountains of Falakron (Bozdag) and Lekanis (Chaldag), which make serious orographic interceptions to the Aegean Sea influence. According to the current general climatic regionalization of Bulgaria (VELEV, 2002), the Continental-Mediterranean climatic region of the Western Rhodopes is divided into two regions: the Middle Mesta and Dabrash -Upper Arda ones. Agroclimatically it coincides with the Eastern Rhodopes, Sakar, Strandja, the Black Sea coast, as well as the Struma river valley, all generally attributed to the ContinentalMediterranean agro-climatic type in accordance with the Papadakis classification (VELEV, 1990). The Western Rhodopes territory, which is a part of the South-Bulgarian sub-region, has been justly divided into three climatic regions: a Mountainous region, the Mesta river valley and the East Rhodopean river valleys (The Arda basin). According to this classification, the Western Rhodopes Southern slopes in Greece, which have typical Mediterranean climate, should be logically included into the river Mesta valley, or even attributed to a separate Region of the Southern (coastal) foot of the Western Rhodopes. To outline the Western Rhodopes basic climatic regions, some typical climatic characteristics can be used (KYUCHUKOVA, 1991). According to Kyoppen’s classification this mountain has versions of Mediterranean and Boreal climates: - Mediterranean climate with less warm summer (Csb) in the Middle Mesta valley. - Boreal moderately wet climate with moderately warm summer (Dfbx) in the midaltitude mountain parts above 1000 m, as well as in basins. - Boreal climate (Dfcx) in the high mountain regions above 1600-1800 m. - Mediterranean moderately warm climate (Csa) in the most Eastern and Southern mountain parts. According to Marton’s Index of Dryness the following regions can be outlined in the Rhodopes mountains: - A dry region, with Ir < 20 (coinciding with the Kyoppen’s Mediterranean climatic region Cs).
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- Moderately dry region, with an index of Ir = 20-30 in the Mesta valley as well as the lower parts of the Eastern Rhodopes. - Moderately wet region, with an index of Ir = 30-40 covering the Western Rhodopes larger area. Wet and highly wet region (index Ir>40) in the high mountain parts above 16001800 m. The specific climatic features (climate structure and territorial differentiation), as well as the complex climatic characteristics, including “climate expressed through weather” (a method of complex climatology, TISHKOV, 1968, 1976, 1982; KYUTCHUKOVA, LINGOVA, 1991), give us reasons to divide the Western Rhodopes territory into eight basic climatic regions, described in Table 2.
Climatic fluctuations and biodiversity In addition to the well expressed seasonal fluctuations, which are most important, fluctuations of the mean annual, seasonal and monthly values of climatic elements in the Western Rhodopes region have been proved (the so called inter-annual fluctuations,VELEV, 1990). They reflect the mountain’s transitional situation. Longterm fluctuations make a third group, including periods longer than 2-3 decades. With the exception of the last 20-40 years they are more difficult to be traced because of lack of long-term systematic meteorological observations in the mountain. Data sets about Bulgaria and this region, including some indirect data have been used, as well as PalaeoGeographic data about the Holocene and Pleistocene. Based on them the most important climatic fluctuations in this mountain have been outlined, including such, concerning the Post-glacial period, which was decisive for the current biodiversity in the region. During the last 20 century general warming was registered in the first 40 years, while until the end of the 70-ties cooling occurred. It is presumed that these fluctuations were connected to some changes of the general atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere (West-East air mass motion prevailed in the 1920-1940 period) or to the meridional circulation of the long waves (movement of Arctic and Tropical masses, prevailing after 1970). It may be said that changes in these two circulations do not have any important impact on mean annual temperatures, but the meridional circulation brings about the so called “oceanic” climate, i.e. reduction of the annual air temperature amplitude, because summer gets cooler, while winter gets warmer at stable mean annual temperatures during the entire 20 century. No major changes in the mean annual precipitation have been registered. There was a certain draught in 1992-94, slightly expressed in Western Rhodopes Mountain, but its annual expression was compensated by torrential intensive rains. Highest mean annual temperatures for the last 3-4 decades were registered in 1994, 1999, and 2000 (VELEV, 2002). In January all over Bulgaria, including the Mussala station experience warming. At all stations the 1971-2000 period is the warmest one. In September-November temperatures drop down, as the 1971-2000 period is the coldest one. More important changes could be observed in June, which is also a stable trend to warming. As a whole, during the last decade (1991-2000) a trend towards rise of mean temperatures has been registered for most of the months (excluding March, April and
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December). This increase is best sensed in summer (0.5 to 1,0°C). All over Bulgaria a cooling trend has been observed in March and December (for example at Mussala station by 0.9 and 0,8°C respectively). Precipitation in the 1971-2000-period shows a trend to reduction of its annual amount. This is on the expense of the winter precipitation (December, January and February) and spring-summer precipitation (May-June). A certain precipitation increase had been registered in April and August. Draughts were felt all over the region in January and June, while in September rains increased during the last decade of the 20th century. As a whole, according to VELEV (2002), aridness, started during the 1970ties continued and it was best expressed in Southeast Bulgaria, especially in the high mountain zones. It was typical for the period 1982-1994, as 1992, 1993 and 1994 were the driest years. The year 2000 could be also attributed to driest years. Precipitation fluctuations were also big. Decreasing winter precipitation, as well as the gradual shift of winter precipitation maximum from February to January reflect the decreased activity of Mediterranean cyclones. For example, during the 60-ties of the 20 th century they were 18 in a year (average), while in the 80-ties they were 7 (NIKOLOVA, 2002). Blocking anticyclones prevailed during the entire 30-year period (1971-2000). During the last 10-15 years these anticyclones are more frequently substituted by tropical air invasions in summer, which persist over the Balkan Peninsula, causing higher summer temperatures. The International Meteorological organization recognized the 1961-1990 period as a normal climatic term and a standard for climatic comparisons. Analyzing representative data about Bulgaria from that period and the period 1976-2005, VELEV (2006) concluded, that no raise of the mean annual temperatures occurred in Bulgaria. He spotted that summer temperatures were higher than those in 1961-1990 and cooling was registered only during the transitional seasons, most expressive in April and November. Based on this data he maintained, that fluctuations were likely to be caused “by the influence of the atmospheric circulation, because its changes are most significant within short periods of time” (p. 7). This was confirmed by the analysis of precipitation: only in the high mountainous parts of Southeast Bulgaria the mean annual precipitation in the 1976-2005 period was 2-5 % less than the amount measured in 1961-1990. This leads to the conclusion, that the distinct drought in 1992-1994 was only a fluctuation and not a steady trend. Probably the precipitation reduction was due to the higher frequency of humid air mass invasions from Northeast (bypassing the Carpathian mountains), instead from Northwest or West (VELEV, 2006). The reasons for the variation of atmospheric circulation are not clear yet, and the question if it is just a fluctuation or has a cyclic character is still pending. Currently a slight trend towards higher aridness is spotted in Bulgaria and only for the last 15 years VELEV (2002, 2006) registered a small raise of air temperatures. Recently a trend developed that contemporary climatic fluctuations should be related to global warming. Phenomena such as higher activity of climatic processes, warmer winters, higher aridity and increased intra-annual contrasts (misbalance) with quick and abrupt weather changes are being pointed as consequence of this global change. Human contribution to the genesis of these fluctuations has not been clearly established yet.
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A more frequent sequence of more arid and more humid periods of short time has been registered in Bulgaria during the last decades. For example, 2005 was a year of extreme humidity throughout the entire country with record annual precipitation registered at many stations. Some authors point out that these fluctuations with high amplitudes are symptoms of an additional greenhouse effect. Another indicator is the raise of absolute minimum temperatures, while the absolute maximum temperatures remain the same. A third indicator is the higher amount of diurnal torrential precipitation, more frequent during the last decade. The number of days with precipitation exceeding 10% of the annual precipitation sum during the respective year increased. According to the Japanese scientist Fukui, this criterion shows rainfall of high impact on the environment. These cases have doubled in Bulgaria during the last 10 years. Even though both basic criterions about global warming in our latitudes, namely stable increase of mean annual air temperatures and precipitation reduction have not be registered in Bulgaria, there are a few less important indications, such as: more frequent sequences of droughts and torrential rains; reduced annual temperature amplitudes; higher minimum temperatures; rise of the mean January air temperatures for the last 35 years. Some more substantial climatic f luctuations marking the Western Rhodopes biodiversity have been established in the Pleistocene, relating to sequences of glacial and inter-glacial epochs. Of special importance were the climatic fluctuations and their consequences in the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene, when the Western Rhodopes contemporary environmental structure was formed. Typical climatic fluctuations (short periods) have been established during the Holocene too. They were preceded by several well expressed climatic phases during the Pre-Boreal and Boreal (BALTAKOV, KENDEROVA, 2003): Piotino cryo-phase (9.8-9.5 thousand yr. BP) and 2 warm and cold phases during the Early Boreal, known as Lengholtz fluctuations (9.5-8.8 thousand yr. BP). - Postglacial climatic optimum (known as “climatic optimum”) with a culmination phase before 7000-5000 yr. BP. It is known that about 2000 BC the World Ocean level was 3 m higher, while summer air temperature on the Balkan Peninsula was 2-2,5°C higher. Recent research established that winters were more snowy, humid and rather cool. Deciduous vegetation was dominant. Favorable climatic conditions were the reason of human settlement in the Western Rhodopes and so this mountain was included into the ancient man’s Oykumen; - Sub-Boreal coolings: Early Bronze cryo-phase (4.6-4.2 thousand yr. BP), during which climatic elements got values close to the current ones, even in the end of this phase the temperature was 2°C lower. The Balkan Peninsula became a stage of significant human migrations. It is believed, that during that time Thracians, Pelazgeians and other tribes, carriers of Bronze culture diffused there. The second cool phase is known as the “Early Iron cryo-phase” (2.9-2.5 yr. BP) and it coincides with the Upper Boreal. It is supposed, that on the background of a general temperature drop throughout Europe (by 1-2°C in average) and significant increase of precipitation, throughout the entire continent as well as in the Western Rhodopes high parts fens, marshes and pits occurred. It has been established, that during this cool period the Mediterranean climate was more arid compared to the Mid-Boreal, but not so dry as today. There is some evidence,
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that during the last 5 centuries BC olives and vine trees thrived in Northern Italy, while 200 years later they disappeared (BALTAKOV, KENDEROVA, 2003); - A second “climatic optimum” (Viking’s interval) during the Early Medieval times (from VIII to XIII c.). The forest limit in Europe rose by 100-200 m as a result of 1°C higher mean summer temperatures and climatic moistening. There is some data showing that mountains in all Europe, including the Western Rhodopes were more densely populated and arable lands reached up to 1600 m (BALTAKOV, KENDEROVA, 2003). - “Small glacial epoch” (cryo-phase Phernau, from the beginning of the XIV century until the second half of the XIX century). It is featured by harsh winters, established even in the Mediterranean regions. They were notably severe in the high mountainous forest-cleared parts of the Western Rhodopes. Significant progress of the Scandinavian and Alpine glaciers was established for that epoch: in 1640, 1663, 1680, 1710, 1720, 1740, 1740-1750, 1760-1790, 1820, 1860. These phases and their consequences were closely related to the shift of major baric centers and zones of circulation. The entire period from the Early Holocene until the end of Sub-Boreal was time of transition from meridional to zonal air mass circulation. A number of circulation systems were formed, which do not have contemporary analogues. During the Pre-Boreal and Boreal the Scandinavian glacier destroyed the anticyclone and during the Atlantic West-East atmospheric circulation occurred. This brought about notable warming and higher humidity in Europe (climatic optimum). During the Late Sub-Boreal the Arctic ice increased, while the Central Asian anticyclone expanded. For this reason the Western flux of air masses became weaker, resulting into cooler continental climate. The Early Bronze cryo-phase began. It has been established, that during the small glacial epoch the basic baric centers and circulation zones shifted to the South by 5° and the atmospheric summer circulation intensity dropped down by 30 % (GRIBIN, LEM, 1980). According to BRYSON (1975) the cold periods of Earth’s history are periods normal climatic instability. They are usually connected to weakening of the atmospheric circulation, extreme draughts, f loods, sharp disruptions of temperature regimes (including extremely warm summers), shrinking of the vegetation period, etc. During the last decades the Western Rhodopes weather and climate show some apparent fluctuations. But there is not enough evidence for any stable trend to humanly provoked global change. Judging from the Pleistocene climatic history, a serial inter-glacial epoch should be expected, having its peak these times. That is why a longterm stable trend towards cooling may occur. From a Palaeo-Geographic perspective, the sequences of glacial and inter-glacial epochs during the Pleistocene mark substantively the Western Rhodopes biodiversity. Of special importance are the climatic fluctuations and their consequences during the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene, when the current Western Rhodopes environmental structure was established. Research held by Dutch palaeo-botanists in Eastern Macedonia (Northern Greece) and summarized in a generalizing spore-pollen diagram (WIJMSTRA, 1974, 1980) show consecutive shift of the climatic phases. The diagram indicates also which were the determinant elements of vegetation during the last Post-glacial (inter-post-stage Pangyon=Eemian or Riss-Würm inter-stage) epoch and during the Glacial epoch (Visla or Würm glaciation).
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In the beginning of Eemian mixed deciduous forests (Carpinus) and coniferous forests (Abies) were replaced by deciduous (oak, calk and some pines). Climatic conditions close the current ones or formed, probably a little less warm and more humid, while vegetation acquired Mediterranean character. The Early Glaciation (75-55 thousand years BP) is marked by abrupt short-period climatic fluctuations. They brought to sequences of stages with cold winters (mean summer temperatures 5 to 8°C lower than today and climatic aridization, with prevalence of steppe vegetation) and warmer climate, close to that in today’s Crimea. During the Lower Glacial (55-50 thousand years BP) steppe vegetation became dominant, with separate coniferous grooves or single trees, which eventually disappeared. The climate acquired features close to contemporary Central Asian’s climate, with low winter temperatures and small annual precipitation. During the entire Pleni-Glacial (55-25 thousand years BP) inter-stage alternations of periods with relatively warm climate occurred, though a little more dry, with oak and birch forests. Particularly rich coniferous vegetation developed in the period before 22 640 and 16 000 years (the Photolvos and Philippi iners-stages). The Upper Pleni-Glacial ended with a very dry and cold phase, after which Sub-Mediterranean conditions regenerated (Ksanti inter-stage), close to those of Crimea. During the Early Drias (13.312.6 thousand years BP) the dominant steppe vegetation with sparse forests was replaced by Holocene forests. At first they had marked Mediterranean character but subsequently turned into Mediterranean types with evergreen oaks and forest shrubs of maquis and juniper at higher altitudes. During the time of the last continental glacier in Eurasia plain territories of the Balkan Peninsula were covered by steppe and shrub phytocenozes, which made a natural continuation of the East European and Central Asian steppe. As mean annual air temperatures were 6-8°C higher than today’s, it is assumed that the snow line in high mountains was about 900-1000 m lower than the current one (BALTAKOV, KENDEROVA, 2003). For this reason the Rhodopes Mountain forest vegetation existed only in some refugees of more favorable local conditions. Spore-pollen specters show, that during the glacial epoch stages grass associations existed, such as wheat, wormwood, henopode, etc. During the inter-stage times presence of forest and brush associations increased, represented by pine, juniperus, fir and birch. In the beginning of Holocene a gradual optimization of palaeo-climatic conditions occurred. This was a period of stabilization of vegetation, which started yet during the Pre-Boreal (10.5 thousand yr. BP) and continued until the end of the Atlantic period (5000 yr. BP). This stabilization shows in the spore-pollen specters of pits in the Western Rhodopes Bulgarian parts (they are discussed further in this text). The interval 5-4 thousand years BP was palaeo-climatically unstable, with gradual migration of spruce to its current habitat. In the end of Sub-Boreal two consecutive coolings occurred, bringing about partial phytological changes. For a relatively short period of time (5000 and 2500 yr. BP) vegetation acquired features close to the contemporary ones. Less impact on the vegetation had some climatic coolings and warmings during the Sub-Atlantic Age. At the same time human interference increased greatly, starting with the Antic civilizations (the Thracians) and reaching the current Industrial epoch. This caused the appearance of artificial phytocenozes in the Western Rhodopes as their importance increased very much during the last century.
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In relation to the Quaternary climatic fluctuations substantial changes took place along the Aegean coastline. The long-standing Post-Villafrac transgration with maximum phase during the Holstein (Mindel/Riss) inter-glacial epoch (380-280 thousand years BP) the Mediterranean plain was occupied by a sea bay or by coastal firths. A sea skirted the Western Rhodopes slopes. Similar situation existed during the Eemean inter-glacial epoch. Meanwhile active erosion occurred at sea regressions during the glacial epochs. It resulted into strong stream incision and partial reconstruction of the stream network. According to some geomorphologic reconstructions a large part of the Aegean Northern shelf was dry land 15 000 years ago and the island of Thasos was a part of the continent. Its separation happened in the Early Holocene. Active drainage of the Aegean Sea bays and alluviation took place during the Holocene. It has been established for example that 2500 years ago the Thessaloniki Bay was 3 times larger than today. The situation was similar with the Kavalla-Bristonikos (Porto Lago) bays, among which the large delta of Mesta (Nestos) was formed. The Quaternary climatic fluctuations had an important impact on human life. It has been established that pre-historic cultures of the Neolite (the middle of Boreal, beginning of Atlantic, 9-8 thousand years BP) progressed most quickly in the Southeastern part of the Balkan Peninsula. The Eneolite (Halcolite) coincides with a climatic optimum in Southeastern Europe (Upper Atlantic, 4.5-3 thousand years BC). Since then systematic mining began and the subsequent human development epochs were named as “metallic”: Bronze epoch (during the Sub-Boreal, 2000-900 years BC) and Iron age (Upper Sub-Boral- Lower Atlantic, 900 to 300 years BC). Reliable archeological data (including cave artifacts) indicate human presence in the Western Rhodopes from the Mid-Palaeolite (about 40 thousand years BP) and the Eneolite (RAICHEV & RAICHEV, 2002). The earliest human environmental impact is recognized to have happened during the Upper Palaeolite (20-25 000 years ago). It is known, that in the end of Pleistocene (1510 thousand years BP) most of the large mammals both herbivorous and predators disappeared. It is supposed, that there was a complex reason for this ecological catastrophe: in addition to the climatic change, including higher temperatures and humidity during the Holocene, loss of the biotope (appearance of prevailing forest complexes and swamps), human activity aggravated the situation. The Palaeolite man became skillful hunter, managing fire capably, but sometime erroneously. At that the growth of human populations occurred more quickly than the growth of mammals. Human invasion into the Western Rhodopes may explain why a number of typical Pleistocene mammals disappeared from this mountain, such as cave bear, cave leopard, cave hyena, moose, fallow deer, goat, etc. Through fossils of cave bears in the Trigrad karst region it has been established that cave bears existed there until 15 thousand years ago (RAICHEV & RAICHEV, 2000). This socalled “first ecological crisis” (the Upper Palaeolitic one) is due to both hunting and use of fire without any control at first. With the development of primitive agriculture and stock breeding in the low mountain ranges (the beginning of Eneolite) human environmental impact in the Western Rhodopes accelerated in cycles. During the Metal epochs and during Historical times ore mining developed as well as construction of roads, fortresses, settlements, religious centers. This involved also the Mid-mountain zone (the so called second, or “Antic ecological crisis”).
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The third ecological crisis related to industrialization in the Western Rhodopes region, which became most active in the middle of the 20th century. Some big hydro-technical installations were built such as the two water cascades of Dospat-Vacha and Batak. Active mining and floatation industries began operation and lumbering, urban development, infrastructural and industrial construction increased to a large scale.
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TISHKOV H. 1968. Types of Weather in Bulgaria. – Proc. Bulgarian Geographical Society, 8(18): 63-77 (in Bulgarian). TISHKOV H. 1976. Climate of the Bulgarian Mountains: Structure and Genesis. BAS, Sofia (in Bulgarian). TISHKOV H. 1982. Basic Types of Weather Classes. In: Physical Geography: Natural Conditions and Resources (Ed. G. Galabov), BAS, Sofia: 213-228 (in Bulgarian). TISHKOV H. 1982. Climatic Division. In: Physical Geography: Natural Conditions and Resources (Ed. G. Galabov), BAS, Sofia: 240-247 (in Bulgarian). TISHKOV H. 1989. Bioclimatic Potential. In: Natural and Economic Potentials of Mountains in Bulgaria. 1, Nature and Resources (Ed. K. Mishev), BAS, Sofia: 117-149 (in Bulgarian). VAPTZAROV I., ST. VELEV, M. YORDANOVA, D. GORUNOVA. 1989. Rilo-Rhodopian region. In: Geography of Bulgaria, vol. 3 – Physico-Geographic and Social-Economic Regions of Bulgaria. Publ. house of BAS, Sofia: 166-229 (in Bulgarian). Varna, p. 324 VATZEVA R. 2003. Protected Territories in Bulgaria. Geographic Education 2-3: 16-24 (in Bulgarian). VELEV S. 2006. Global Climatic Change in Bulgaria. Geography’21, 2: 4-8 (in Bulgarian). VELEV St. 1990. The Climat of Bulgaria. Publ. house “Narodna prosveta”, Sofia: 180 p. (in Bulgarian). VELEV St. 1997. Atmospheric pressure and wind. In: Geography of Bulgaria – Physical and socio-economic geography. Acad. publ. house “Prof. M. Drinov”, Sofia (in Bulgarian). VELEV St. 1997. Climatic regioning. In: Geography of Bulgaria – Physical and socio-economic geography. Acad. publ. house “Prof. M. Drinov”, Sofia: 127-130 (in Bulgarian). VELEV St. 2002. Contemporary variations of air temperature and precipitation. In: Geography of Bulgaria – Physical and socio-economic geography. Publ. house For Com, Sofia: 157-160 (in Bulgarian). VIJMSTRA T. 1980. Paleobotanics and Climate Change. In: Climate change, Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad: 4470 (in Russian) YARANOV D. 1940. Contribution to the West Rhodopy Morphology. Reports, Bulgarian Geographical Society, 7, 1939, Sofia: 197-240 (in Bulgarian). YARANOV D. 1940. Geology of the Rhodopy Northern Slope between Peshtera and Kuklen (Plovdiv Region). - Journal of the Bulgarian Geologic Society, 12(2): 83-118 (in Bulgarian). YARANOV D. 1943. Geology of the Mid-Rhodopy Mountain. - Journal of the Bulgarian Geologic Society, 14(2): 125-159 (in Bulgarian). YARANOV D. 1956. Research on the Mid-Rhodopy Tertiary and Quaternary Tectonics. Reports, Institute of Geology, BAS, 4: 77-130 (in Bulgarian). YARANOV D. 1959. Karst hydrology of the Upper Krichim Valley. In: Karst Underground Waters in Bulgaria. “Tehnika”, Sofia: 52-65 (in Bulgarian). YARANOV D. 1959. Karst Underground Waters in the Rhodopy Massif. In: Karst Underground Waters in Bulgaria. “Tehnika”, Sofia: 40-47 (in Bulgarian). YARANOV D. 1960. Tectonics of Bulgaria. Sofia, “Tehnika”: 282 (in Bulgarian). ZYAPKOV L., P. PENCHEV, M. KALINOVA. 1989. Genetic structure of the stream waters. In: The nature and economic potential of the mountains of Bulgaria, vol. 1 – Nature and resources. Publ. house of BAS, Sofia: 178-186 (in Bulgarian). ** Atlas Peoples’ Republic of Bulgaria, Sofia, E. BAS and GUGK, 1973, p. 168 ** Geography of Bulgaria, vol. 1 – Physical geography. Publ. house of BAS, Sofia, 1982, 514 ð. (in Bulgarian). ** Geography of Bulgaria. Physical Geography, Relief Section. Publ. house of BAS, Sofia, Vol. 1, 1966, 548 p. (in Bulgarian). ** Natural and Economic Potential of Mountains in Bulgaria, vol. 1, Nature and Resources. Sofia, Ed. BAS, 1989, 520 p. (in Bulgarian). ** Geography of Bulgaria – Physical and socio-economic geography. Publ. house ForCom, Sofia, 2002, 760 p. (in Bulgarian). ** Climatic reference book of Bulgaria, (Ed. M.Kyuchukova) vol. 2 Moisture, fog, horisontal visibility, cloudiness, snow cover. Publ. house “Nauka i Izkustvo”, Sofia, 1979, p. 812 (in Bulgarian). ** Climatic reference book of Bulgaria, (Ed. M. Kyuchukova), vol. 3. Temperature of the air, temperature of the soil, hoar frost. Publ. house “Nauka i Izkustvo”, Sofia, 1983, p. 440 (in Bulgarian). ** Climatic Reference Book of Bulgaria (Ed. M. Kyuchukova). Vol. 4, Wind. “Nauka i Izkustvo”, Sofia, 1982, p. 382 (in Bulgarian). ** Climatic reference book. Precipitation in Bulgaria (E. Koleva, R. Peneva). Publ. house of BAS, Sofia, 1990, 170 p. (in Bulgarian).
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** The Climate of Bulgaria. (Ed. S. STANEV, M.KYUCHUKOVA, S. LINGOVA) Publiching House of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 1991, p. 500 (in Bulgarian). ** Hydrologic Reference Book of Rivers in Bulgaria, vol. II (Ed. Eng. G. STOYANOV), “Hydrology and meteorology”, BAS, Sofia, 1981, p.326 (in Bulgarian). ** Karst Underground Waters in Bulgaria (Ed. D. Yaranov), “Tehnika”, Sofia, 1959, 284 p. (in Bulgarian). ** Tectonic Structure of Bulgaria (explanatory text supplementing the Tectonic map of Bulgaria, M 1:200 000 and 1:500 000). Sofia, “Technica”, 1971, p. 359 (in Bulgarian).
Address of the author: Petar Stefanov Institute of Geography, BAS Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl.3 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
Физикогеографска характеристика на Западните Родопи (България и Гърция) Петър СТЕФАНОВ (Резюме) Западните Родопи са обширен планински масив в югоизточната част на Балканския полуостров. Разположени са между 42°13’ и 41°06’ СШ; на българска територия най-южната точка е на 41°20’СШ, южно от Златоград) и между 23°35’ и 25°15’ ИД. Западните Родопи имат трапецовидна форма с дължина по паралела 138 km и ширина по меридиана 62 km. Те са разположени в България и Гърция, като политическата граница следва главния вододел на планината. Морфографските граници на Западните Родопи се определят от долините на реките Места (Нестос) от запад и югозапад, и Марица от север (Горнотракийската низина). От изток границата с Източните Родопи е условна и следи източните склонове на Жълти дял. От югоизток Западните Родопи граничат с Беломорието (Егейска Македония и Егейска Западна Тракия) и най-южното им подножие е само на 13 км от Бяло (Егейско) море. Западната граница отделя Западните Родопи от другите високи планини в Рило-Родопския масив на българска и гръцка територия – Рила (2925 m), Пирин (2914 m), Стъргач (1270 m), Фалакрон орос (Боздаг, 2232 m) и Ори Леканис (Чалдаг – 1298 m). Най-тясна морфографска връзка Западните Родопи имат с Рила – седловината Аврамови колиби (1455 m). Приема се, че от седловината на североизток граница е долината на р. Яденица до вливането й в р. Марица. Северната граница отделя Западните Родопи от Горнотракийската низина. От долината на р. Марица след Момина клисура границата следи на изток родопското подножие (на 350-400 m н.в.), подножието на Бесапарските ридове (на 150-200 м н.в.) с най-висока точка Еленски връх (535 m). Източната граница отделя Западните от Източните Родопи. От седл. Китката продължава на юг по долините на реките Яйлъдере и Боровица до водослива с р. Арда (яз. Кърджали), след което условно следи източните склонове на Жълти дял (покрайнината Царичина) на височина ок. 600-800 m, пресича главното вододелно било и българо-гръцката граница южно от Златоград (ок. 700 m) и продължава на гръцка територия. Южната граница отделя Западните Родопи от приморската Западнотракийска низина и достига при Токсотес изхода на ждрелото на р. Места. В описаните граници Западните Родопи имат обща площ 11 220 km2, от които 8732 km2 (77,8 %) на българска територия. Те представляват 55 % от общата площ на Родопите (ок. 20 350 km2, от нея 71 % в България).
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Западните Родопи са част от Рило-Родопския масив (най-високата и обширна част на Тракийско-Македонския масив), в който морфографски са обособени две планински групи - РилоПиринска и Родопи. Западните Родопи, както и целият Рило-Родопски масив имат сложен геоложки строеж, в който преобладават кристалинните скали –интрузивни (предимно гранити) и метаморфни (гнайси, шисти, амфиболити, мрамори – подложени на карстификация). Върху кристалинния цокъл на различна надморска височина лежат разнообразни по състав, площ и дебелина седиментни и вулканогенни скали (в Западните Родопи са формирани най-големите в България лавови покрови, изградени главно от риолити). В морфоструктурно отношение Западните Родопи се разглеждат като част от Родопския блоков масив. Западните Родопи са най-типичният планински масив в България (средна надморска височина 1098 m – на трето място след Рила и Пирин) със сложна система от планински ридове между дълбоко вкопани долини. Масивният планински характер на планината се подчертава и от относителният дял на основните хипсометрични пояси, приети в България – 51,9 % за среднопланинския (1000-1600 m) и общо 81,6 % за пояса над 600 m. Високопланинският пояс (над 1600 m) заема 8,7 %, като в пояса над 2000 м попадат само 0,4 % от площта на планината. Значителното всичане на реките е образувало едни от най-импозантните проломи в България като Бистришкия и Доспатския (дълж. ок. 20 km при дълбочина до 350 m) в басейна на р. Места, ждрелата на р. Триградска (2-3 km дължина и дълбочина над 450 m), Тенесдере (дълж. 5 km), Дериккоук (дълж. 4 km) и Буйновска (ок. 8 km – най-дългото ждрело в България с дълбочина до 450 m) в басейна на р. Въча. По системата от дълбоко вкопани долини и широки седловини в Западните Родопи могат да се набележат няколко по-големи морфографски дяла, разчленени допълнително на ридове. Това са (от запад на изток): асиметрично развития Дъбраш (1938 m при в. Беслет), който на североизток завършва с класически по морфографска изразителност праволинеен и много стръмен разседен склон (височина 350-400 m) към вътрешнопланинската Доспатска котловина (1180 m ср. н.в.); куполовидните дялове-орографски възли Сюткя (2186 m при в. Г. Сюткя или Г. Воден) и Велиишки (1712 m при в. Велийца) и Виденишки (1816 m при граничния в. Каинчал или Буковик), свързани с тясно вододелно било, наричано Доспатско; масивната Баташка планина (2082 m при в. Баташки снежник) с ридовете Алабак (Божевец) и Каркария (Снежанка), между които са затворени Чепинската котловина (ср. н.в. 780 m) и Баташката котловина (1080 m ср.н.в.); Переликски дял (2191 m при в. Голям Перелик – най-високата точка на Западните Родопи и на Родопите като цяло) с ридовете Мурсалица (между Широколъшка и Мугленска река), Чамлия (между Мугленска и Триградска река) и Балабаница (между Триградска и Буйновска река) и Кайнадински рид на изток (между долините на Черна река и Арда); Чернатица (2091 m при в. Голям Персенк) с ридовете Върховръшки, Средня, Равнища и Белочерковски; Преспански дял (2000 m при в. Преспа) с ридовете Радюва планина, Черни рид (1544 m) и Добростан (1517 m) или Асеновградска планина (характерен с плоското си платовидно карстово било); пограничният и вододелен Ардински дял или Куслар орос на гръцка територия (1827 m при в. Циганско градище или Грамада), билото на който при орографския възел Мъргазян (1346 m) се разделя на два клона - североизточен (рида Жълти дял - 1241 m при в. Аладаг или Пъстра поляна, по югоизточните склонове на който минава условната граница с Източните Родопи) и югоизточен (граничният Гюмюрджински снежник - най-високият дял от Източните Родопи – 1482 m на гръцка територия). На гръцка територия в границите на Западните Родопи (старата географска област Чеч) като обособени дялове могат да се разглеждат планинските единици, ограничени от реките Места (Нестос), Деспатис (Доспат) и Музден (1511 m при в. Дембредзили) и между Нестос, Музден и Дяволорема (1649 m при в. Ано Аликьой) с обособения рид Финдерина. Западните Родопи изцяло са в Егейската отточна област. Главният вододел на планината (между долините на реките Марица и Места) минава по билото на Велиишко-Виденшкия дял и граничните Переликски и Ардински дялове. Очертават се три основни направления в речния отток на планината: северно – към Горнотракийската низина чрез р. Марица (главни родопски притоци от запад на изток Яденица, Чепинска р., Стара р., Въча, Тъмрашка река или Дермендере, Асеница или Чепеларска река), източно – към Долнотракийската низина чрез р. Арда (по-големи западнородопски притоци Боровица, Давидковска река, Малка Арда, Черна река, Арда, Елховска река), и южно – към Беломорието чрез р. Места (основни родопски притоци от север на юг Бабешка
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река, Златарица, Матандере, Канина, Върбица, Бистрица, Доспат и на гръцка територия Музден, Ороза, Дяволорема, Аркуда рема или Караджакьой) или пряко към Бяло море (на гръцка територия – чрез реките Сушица (Компсатос или Курупотомос) и Ксанти (Чайдере). Непосредствената близост на Западните Родопи до Егейско море ги поставя под средиземноморско климатично влияние, особено силно в южните им части. Масивността на планината и проломният характер на р. Места обаче ограничават това влияние във вътрешността на планината и особено в нейните северни части, поради което то се проявява най-вече в режима на валежите и речния отток – зимен максимум. Голямата средна надморска височина на Западните Родопи обуславя изразителна височинна зоналност в климата. Поради това Западните Родопи са планината с най-разнообразния и сложно структуриран климат в целия регион. Западните Родопи заемат преходно положение между Континентално-европейската област на умерената климатична зона (нейната най-южна част) и Континентално-средиземноморската област на субтропичната климатична зона (най-северната част). Разнообразните хидроклиматични условия и релеф са причина в планината да се формира изключително голямо почвено и биоразнообразие. То е дало съществено отражение и върху богатството на реликтни и ендемични видове - Западните Родопи са един от най-важните центрове на рефугиуми в региона. Планината е част от южната ивица на Европейската широколистна горска област и попада в Субтропичния ксерофитно-горски почвен сектор на Европа Средиземноморска почвена област. Територията на Западните Родопи се отнася към два района Рило-Родопски и Струмско-Местенски.
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Beron P. (ed). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Fungal diversity of the Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
CVETOMIR DENCHEV, MELANIA GYOSHEVA, GANKA BAKALOVA, VIOLETA FAKIROVA, ROUMYANA PETROVA, EVTIMIA DIMITROVA, EKATERINA SAMEVA, DIMITAR STOYKOV, BORIS ASSYOV, SIYKA NIKOLOVA
Denchev, C., M. Gyosheva, G. Bakalova, V. Fakirova, R. Petrova, E. Dimitrova, E. Sameva, D. Stoykov, B. Assyov, S. Nikolova. 2006. Fungal diversity of the Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron, P. (ed). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 81-131. Abstract. This paper attempts to compile available and unpublished data on the fungal diversity of the Rhodopes. The total number of currently known species is 1763, including 31 oomycetes, 246 non-lichenized ascomycetes, 484 lichenized and lichenicolous fungi, 5 fungi, traditionally included in the lichenological literature, 125 anamorphic fungi, 683 basidiomycetes, 27 smut fungi, and 162 rust fungi. Among these species, 267 species are recorded for the first time from the Rhodopes. A list of 78 macroscopic fungi of conservation significance for the mycota of the Rhodopes, evaluated with the recent IUCN criteria, is given, including 11 Critically Endangered, 36 Endangered, 21 Vulnerable, 6 Near Threatened, and 4 Data Deficient species. Key words: Rhodopes, Bulgaria, Mycota, fungal diversity, conservation of fungi, red list
In memory of Dr Georgi Stoichev (1942–2005)
Introduction The Rhodopes, the second largest mountain in Bulgaria, are situated in the southern part of the country on an area of 14 735 km2. From a floristic point of view, the mountain is divided into three parts: western, central, and eastern (Fig. 1). The data on different taxonomic groups of fungi in the Rhodopes are still incomplete and scattered although the fungal diversity of Bulgaria has a centennial history of investigations (DENCHEV & BAKALOVA, 2002; DENCHEV et al., 2005). The explorations of macroscopic fungi in the Rhodopes throughout the years are due mainly to researchers as B. Burzakov, Ts. Hinkova, G. Stoichev, M. Gyosheva. The basic research of Peronosporales was done by E. Dimitrova and S. Vanev, of ascomycetes by V. Fakirova and Ts. Hinkova, lichenized fungi – S. Kazandzhiev, J. Suza, Ö. Szatala, A. Popnikolov, and B. Zhelezova, anamorphic fungi – S. Vanev, G. Bakalova, and E. Sameva, smut fungi – C. Denchev, and rust fungi – Ts. Hinkova and C. Denchev. Up to date, no complete list of fungi of the
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Fig. 1. Floristic regions of Bulgaria (W – Western Rhodopes, C – Central Rhodopes, E – Eastern Rhodopes) Rhodopes has been published. There is available information on the species diversity as well as references only to lichenized and lichenicolous fungi, which can be found in the recently published catalogue by MAYRHOFER et al. (2005). During 2001-2002, a project for investigation of fungi in the western part of the Rhodopes was conducted by the first five authors of the present article. Numerous species were established as new ones for the mountain or for its western part and some were found in new localities. However, the results of that investigation were left unpublished. Making a list, which comprises the fungal diversity of the Rhodopes in the framework of the present series on the biodiversity of Bulgarian mountains, has arisen as a good opportunity to publish this new information. Additionally, all data from the Mycological Collection (SOMF) of the Institute of Botany, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, has also been arranged and generalized. The aim of the present study is to try and summarize the available and new information on the fungal diversity of the Rhodopes. In addition, we hope that the paper will be helpful in creating a database of the Bulgarian mycota.
Material and methods Lists of the main taxonomic groups are created, based on the information received from literature sources, unpublished data of the authors and available data from the Mycological Collection (SOMF) of the Institute of Botany, Sofia. The listed species are given in alphabetical order. The treatment of different genera and species follows a lot of recent monographs and particular articles on European fungi. The names of authors of fungal species are abbreviated according to KIRK & ANSELL (1992). The authors elaborated the available data on all taxonomical groups as follows: Oomycetes – E. Dimitrova; non-lichenized ascomycete fungi (excluding discomycetes) – V. Fakirova, D. Stoykov & C. Denchev; discomycetes – E. Dimitrova; lichenized and lichenicolous fungi – C. Denchev, D. Stoykov & S. Nikolova; anamorphic fungi – G. Bakalova & E. Sameva; basidiomycetes proper – M. Gyosheva (including results from a common study in the Rhodopes together with C. Denchev, V. Fakirova & R. Petrova); Boletales – B. Assyov; smut fungi – C. Denchev; rust fungi – C. Denchev & R. Petrova.
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Fungal diversity (preliminary checklists of the known taxa) Thirty-one species of Peronosporales have been reported from the Rhodopes (Table 1).
Western Central Eastern Rhodopes
T a b l e 1. Checklist of Peronosporales
Taxa 1 Albugo blytii (Biv.) Kuntze A. candida (Pers.) Kuntze ?A. chardoni W. Weston A. portulacae (DC. ex Duby) Kuntze Bremia lactucae Regel
2 3 4 5 + +
+ + + +
+
Hyaloperonospora parasitica (Pers. : Fr.) Constant. Peronospora aestivalis Syd. P. agrestis Gäum.
+
+ + +
P. alta Fuckel
+
+
P. arvensis Gäum.
+
P. astragalina Syd.
+
P. boni-henrici Gäum.
+
P. farinosa (Fr. : Fr.) Fr.
+
P. fulva Syd. P. grisea (Unger) de Bary
+ +
+
P. hyoscyami Thüm. f. sp. tabacina Skalický
+
P. meliloti Syd. P. parva Gäum.
+ +
P. potentillae-reptantis Gäum.
+
P. ranunculi Gäum.
+
P. rumicis Corda
+ +
Sources 6 KLIKA, 1926; VANEV et al., 1993 KLIKA, 1926; VANEV et al., 1993 KROUSHEVA, 1968; VANEV et al., 1993 KLIKA, 1926; VANEV et al., 1993 KLIKA, 1926; DIMITROVA, 1982; VANEV et al., 1993; SOMF VANEV et al., 1993 VANEV et al., 1993 DIMITROVA, 1982; VANEV et al., 1993; SOMF DIMITROVA, 1985; VANEV et al., 1993; SOMF DIMITROVA, 1982; VANEV et al., 1993 KROUSHEVA, 1965; VANEV et al., 1993 DIMITROVA, 1985; VANEV et al., 1993; SOMF KLIKA, 1926; DIMITROVA, 1985; VANEV et al., 1993; SOMF DIMITROVA, 1982, 1985; VANEV et al., 1993; SOMF DIMITROVA, 1982, 1985; VANEV et al., 1993; SOMF DIMITROVA, 1985; VANEV et al., 1993 VANEV et al., 1993 DIMITROVA, 1982, 1985; VANEV et al., 1993; SOMF DIMITROVA, 1984, 1985; VANEV et al., 1993; SOMF DIMITROVA, 1982, 1985; VANEV et al., 1993; SOMF DIMITROVA, 1982, 1985; VANEV et al., 1993; SOMF
84
C. DENCHEV 1
2 3 4 5
P. trifoliorum de Bary
+ +
P. violacea Berk. P. violae de Bary
+
+
Paraperonospora leptosperma (de Bary) Constant. Plasmopara crustosa (Fr.) Jørst. + +
P. densa (Rabenh.) J. Schröt.
+ +
+ +
P. viticola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Berl. & De Toni Pseudoperonospora humuli (Miyabe & Takah.) + G.W. Wilson P. urticae (Lib.) E.S. Salmon & Ware + Pythium debaryanum R. Hesse
+
+
+
6 DIMITROVA, 1982, 1985; VANEV et al., 1993; SOMF KLIKA, 1926 DIMITROVA, 1985; VANEV et al., 1993; SOMF VANEV et al., 1993 RADOSLAVOV, 1921; DIMITROVA, 1985; VANEV et al., 1993; SOMF RADOSLAVOV, 1921; DIMITROVA, 1982, 1985; VANEV et al., 1993; SOMF VANEV et al., 1993; SOMF DIMITROVA, 1985; VANEV et al., 1993; SOMF DIMITROVA, 1985; VANEV et al., 1993; SOMF DIMITROV & BIOLCHEV, 1936
In Table 2 a list of 246 species of non-lichenized ascomycetes is given. That list includes known records and 59 new ones for the Rhodopes.
Western Central Eastern Rhodopes
T a b l e 2. Checklist of non-lichenized ascomycetes
Taxa 1 Aleuria aurantia (Pers.) Fuckel A. rhenana Fuckel Anthostoma turgidum (Pers. : Fr.) Nitschke Apiognomonia ostryae (De Not.) M. Monod Arnium kansense (Griffiths) J.C. Krug & Cain A. macrotheca (P. Crouan & H. Crouan) N. Lundq. A. olerum (Fr. : Fr.) N. Lundq. & J.C. Krug. Ascobolus carbonarius P. Karst. (A. atrofuscus W. Phillips & Plowr.) A. immersus Pers. : Fr. Ascocoryne sarcoides (Jacq.) J.W. Groves & D.E. Wilson Ascophanus aurora (Crouan) Boud. A. granulatus (Bull.) Speg. A. lacteus (Cooke & W. Phillips) W. Phillips
2 3 4 5 + + u
u
+ u u u u u
Sources 6 HINKOVA, 1953; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF SOMF; unpublished STOYKOV, 2005; SOMF FAKIROVA et al. (unpubl.) FAKIROVA et al. (unpubl.) FAKIROVA et al. (unpubl.) SOMF; unpublished SOMF; unpublished unpublished
u + + +
FAKIROVA, 1969 FAKIROVA, 1970 FAKIROVA, 1970
Fungi 1 Asterina veronicae (Lib.) Cooke Bisporella citrina (Batsch : Fr.) Korf & S.E. Carp. Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer Botryotinia globosa N.F. Buchw. Caloscypha fulgens (Pers. : Fr.) Boud. Cenangium ferruginosum Fr.
2 3 4 5 + u + + + u + +
Chaetomium aureum Chivers + Cheilymenia coprinaria (Cooke) Boud. u Ch. pulcherrima (H. Crouan & P. Crouan) Boud. + Ch. stercorea (F.H. Wigg.) Boud. u Chlorociboria aeruginascens (Nyl.) Kanouse ex + C.S. Ramamurthi Ch. aeruginosa (Pers.) Seaver ex + + C.S. Ramamurthi, Korf & L.R. Batra Claviceps purpurea (Fr. : Fr.) Tul. u Coleroa alchemillae (Grev.) G. Winter + C. robertiani (Fr.) E. Müll. + Coniochaeta scatigena (Berk. & Broome) Cain + Coprobia granulata (Bull. : Fr.) Boud. + + Coprotus aurora (P. Crouan & H. Crouan) + K.S. Thind & Waraitch C. lacteus (Cooke & W. Phillips) Kimbr., + + Allen & Cain Cordyceps capitata (Holmsk. : Fr.) Link u Crocicreas cyathoideum (Bull. ex Mérat) S.E. Carp. u u Cryphonectria parasitica (Murril) M.E. Barr + Cucurbitaria salicina Fuckel + Cudonia circinans (Pers. : Fr.) Fr. +
Daldinia concentrica (Bolton : Fr.) Ces. & De Not. Delitschia bisporula (P. Crouan & H. Crouan) E.C. Hansen D. didyma Auersw. D. furfuracea Niessl D. griffithsii Cain D. leptospora Oudem. D. marchalii Berl. & Voglino
u u + + +
u + +
+ +
D. winteri (W. Philips & Plowr.) Sacc. Diachora onobrychidis (DC.) Jul. Müll. Diaporthe exasperans Nitschke D. oncostoma (Duby) Fuckel Diaporthella aristata (Fr.) Petr.
+
+ + + + + u +
85
6 HINKOVA, 1960 unpublished HINKOVA, 1960; SOMF HINKOVA, 1960 SOMF; unpublished REID & VANEV, 1984; HOROZOV, 1988, DIMITROVA, 1999 FAKIROVA, 1972b SOMF; unpublished FAKIROVA, 1969; SOMF SOMF; unpublished DIMITROVA, 1997c, 2001; SOMF DIMITROVA, 2001; SOMF SOMF; unpublished HINKOVA, 1960 HINKOVA, 1960 FAKIROVA, 1968 HINKOVA et al., 1979, FAKIROVA, 1970; SOMF FAKIROVA, 1969 FAKIROVA, 1970 SOMF; unpublished unpublished ROSSNEV, 1982 SAMEVA, 1981; SOMF BOGOEV & GYOSHEVA, 1987; DIMITROVA, 1997c, 1999; GYOSHEVA, 1998; SOMF SOMF; unpublished FAKIROVA, 1968, 1969 FAKIROVA, 1972a FAKIROVA, 1972a FAKIROVA et al. (unpubl.) FAKIROVA, 1968, 1972a FAKIROVA, 1968, 1969, 1972a; SOMF FAKIROVA, 1968, 1969, 1972a; SOMF NEGREAN & DENCHEV, 2000 FAKIROVA, 1982b FAKIROVA, 1982b; SOMF FAKIROVA, 1997; SOMF
86
C. DENCHEV 1
Diatrype stigma (Hoffm. : Fr.) Fr. Diplosporonema delastrei (Delacr.) Höhn. ex Petr. Discina ancilis (Pers. : Fr.) Sacc. (D. perlata (Fr. : Fr.) Fr.) Ditopella ditopa (Fr. : Fr.) J. Schröt. Dothidea alnea Fr. Durella connivens (Fr.) Rehm Elaphomyces granulatus Fr. : Fr. Erysiphe alphitoides (Griffon & Maubl.) U. Braun & S. Takam. E. artemisiae Grev. E. astragali DC. E. baeumleri (Magnus) U. Braun & S. Takam. E. berberidis DC. E. biocellata Ehrenb. E. cichoracearum DC. E. convolvuli DC. E. cruchetiana S. Blumer E. cruciferarum L. Junell E. cynoglossi (Wallr.) U. Brawn E. depressa (Wallr.) Schltdl. E. echinopis U. Braun E. euonymi DC. E. fischeri S. Blumer E. galeopsidis DC. ex Merat E. galii S. Blumer E. grossulariae (Wallr.) de Bary E. heraclei DC. E. hyperici (Wallr.) S. Blumer E. lonicerae DC. E. lycopsidis R.Y. Zheng & G.Q. Chen E. magnicellulata U. Braun E. mayorii S. Blumer E. penicillata (Wallr. : Fr.) Fr. E. pisi DC. E. polygoni DC. E. pseudacaciae (P.D. Marchenko) U. Braun & S. Takam. E. ranunculi Grev. E. sordida L. Junell E. syringae Schwein. E. thesii L. Junell E. tortilis (Wallr. : Fr.) Fr. E. trifolii Grev. E. ulmariae Desm. E. urticae (Wallr.) S. Blumer
2 3 4 5 +
6 SAMEVA, 1981; SOMF SOMF; unpublished SOMF; unpublished
u u u u + u + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + u + + + u + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
SOMF; unpublished SOMF; unpublished DIMITROVA, 1997a, 1999; SOMF FAKIROVA et al. (unpubl.) FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA, 1991; SOMF FAKIROVA, 1982a; SOMF FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA, 1991 HINKOVA, 1960 FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA, 1991; SOMF FAKIROVA, 1991 SOMF; unpublished FAKIROVA, 1991; SOMF FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA, 1991; SOMF SOMF; unpublished FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA, 1991 HINKOVA, 1960 FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA, 1991 NEGREAN & DENCHEV, 2000 FAKIROVA, 1991 HINKOVA, 1960; FAKIROVA, 1991; SOMF FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA, 1991
Fungi 1 E. vanbruntiana (W.R. Gerard) U. Braun & S. Takam. var. sambuci-racemosae (U. Braun) U. Braun & S. Takam. E. verbasci (Jacz.) S. Blumer Geopyxis alpina Höhn. G. carbonaria (Alb. & Schwein.) Sacc.
2 3 4 5
6
+
FAKIROVA, 1991
+ u +
Gibbera conferta (Fr. : Fr.) Petr. Gnomonia gei-montani Ranoj. G. geranii-macrorrhizi Fakirova G. gnomon (Tode : Fr.) J. Schröt. G. leptostyla (Fr. : Fr.) Ces. & De Not. G. rostellata (Fr. : Fr.) Wehm. Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerb.) M. Morelet
+ u +
Gyromitra esculenta (Pers. : Fr.) Fr. G. infula (Schaeff. : Fr.) Quél. Hamatocanthoscypha laricionis (Velen.) Svrèek Helvella acetabulum (L.) Quél.
+ u + u + + u
H. atra J. König. H. elastica Bull. : Fr. H. lacunosa Afzel. H. leucomelaena (Pers.) Nannf.
+
H. silvicola (Beck ex Sacc.) Harmaja Heyderia abietis (Fr.) Link
+ +
+ + + + +
+ + + u +
Humaria hemisphaerica (F.H. Wigg. : Fr.) Fuckel + Hydnotria tulasnei Berk. & Broome Hymenoscyphus calyculus (Sowerby) W. Phillips H. serotinus (Pers. : Fr.) ) W. Phillips Hypocopra parvula Griffiths Hypoderma communae (Fr. : Fr.) Duby Hypospila rhodopea Bubák & Picb. Hypospilina pustula (Pers. : Fr.) M. Monod Hypoxylon multiforme (Fr. : Fr.) Fr. H. nummularium Bull. Kernia nitida (Sacc.) Nieuwl. Lecanidion atratum (Hedw.) Rabenh. Lachnellula calyciformis (Willd. : Fr.) Dharne L. subtilissima (Cooke) Dennis Lachnum bicolor (Bull.) P. Karst. L. virgineum (Batsch : Fr.) P. Karst. Leptosphaeria agnita (Desm.) Ces. & De Not.
+ + + + u + + + + + u u u + + u u +
87
FAKIROVA, 1991 SOMF; unpublished DIMITROVA & ASSYOV, 2004; SOMF FAKIROVA, 1982b; SOMF SOMF; unpublished STOYKOV, 2005; SOMF STOYKOV, 2005; SOMF STOYKOV, 2005; SOMF FAKIROVA, 1982b; SOMF ROSSNEV & PETKOV, 1986; HOROZOV, 1988 HINKOVA, 1961 GYOSHEVA, 1998; SOMF DIMITROVA, 1999; SOMF DIMITROVA & ASSYOV, 2004; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF DIMITROVA & ASSYOV, 2004; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979 HINKOVA et al., 1979, DIMITROVA, 1999; SOMF DIMITROVA & ASSYOV, 2004; SOMF STOICHEV, 1981 HINKOVA et al., 1979 DIMITROVA, 1997c; SOMF FAKIROVA, 1982b SOMF; unpublished PICBAUER, 1937 STOYKOV, 2005; SOMF FAKIROVA, 1982b; SOMF unpublished SOMF; unpublished SOMF; unpublished IVANOV, 1925; SAVOV, 1925; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996 unpublished unpublished SAMEVA, 1981; SOMF
88
C. DENCHEV 1
L. derasa (Berk. & Broome) Thüm. L. trolii (P. Karst.) E. Müller Leveillula taurica (Lév.) G. Arnaud L. verbasci (Jacz.) Golovin Lewia scrophulariae (Desm.) M.E. Barr & E.G. Simmons Massaria inquinans (Tode : Fr.) De Not. Melastiza chateri (W.G. Sm.) Boud.
2 3 4 5 + + + + + + + + u + +
Melogramma spiniferum (Wallr.) De Not. Microstroma album (Desm.) Sacc. Morchella elata Fr. : Fr.
+ + +
u
M. esculenta (L. : Fr.) Pers. M. vulgaris (Pers.) Boud.
+ + +
Mycosphaerella cyparissiae (Speg.) Tomil.
u
M. depazeiformis (Auersw.) Lindau
u
Mytilinidion rhenanum Fuckel Nectria cinnabarina (Tode : Fr.) Fr. Neobulgaria pura (Fr.) Petr. Octospora humosa (Fr.) Dennis O. leucoloma Hedw.
u u +
Ophiobolus acuminatus (Sowerby) Duby
+ +
O. erythrosporus (Riess) G. Winter O. sarmentorum Dobrozr. Ophiosporella herpotrichus (Fr. : Fr.) J. Walker Ophiostoma minus (Hedgc.) Syd. & P. Syd. (Ceratostomella pini Münch) O. ulmi (Buisman) Nannf. Otidea cantharella (Fr. : Fr.) Quél. (O. concinna (Pers. : Fr.) Sacc.) O. cochleata (L. : Fr.) Fuckel (O. umbrina (Pers.) Bres.) O. leporina (Batsch : Fr.) Fuckel O. onotica (Pers. : Fr.) Fuckel O. propinquata (P. Karst.) Harmaja
+ + u
+ u + +
Peziza badia Pers.
+ +
P. irina Quél.
+
u u
+
u u + +
6 FAKIROVA, 1982b; SOMF FAKIROVA, 1982b; SOMF FAKIROVA, 1991; SOMF FAKIROVA, 1991; SOMF FAKIROVA et al. (unpubl.) FAKIROVA, 1982b; SOMF STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA , 1987b; SOMF FAKIROVA et al. (unpubl.) HINKOVA, 1960 HINKOVA, 1961; GYOSHEVA, 1998; SOMF HINKOVA, 1961; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1983; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; SOMF FAKIROVA et al. (unpubl.); SOMF; unpublished FAKIROVA et al. (unpubl.); SOMF; unpublished FAKIROVA et al. (unpubl.) FAKIROVA et al. (unpubl.) unpublished DIMITROVA & ASSYOV, 2004 STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA , 1987b; SOMF SAMEVA , 1981; FAKIROVA, 1982b; SOMF SAMEVA, 1981; SOMF FAKIROVA, 1982b; SOMF SOMF; unpublished FAKIROVA et al. (unpubl.) FAKIROVA et al. (unpubl.) GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996 BURZAKOV, 1931; HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF GYOSHEVA, 1998 DIMITROVA, 2002à; SOMF DIMITROVA & ASSYOV, 2004; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF VANEV & REID, 1986
Fungi 1 P. subviolacea Svrèek P. vesiculosa Bull. : Fr. Phacidium infestans P. Karst. Phyllachora graminis (Pers.) Fuckel Phyllactinia guttata (Wallr.) Lév. (Ph. berberidis Palla) Ph. fraxini (DC.) Fuss Ph. mali (Duby) U. Braun Plagiostoma arnstadtiense (Auresw.) M. Monod P. bavaricum (Rehm) M. E. Barr Platychora ulmi (Schleich. : Fr.) Petr. Pleospora eximia (Rehm) E. Müll. P. herbarum (Pers. : Fr.) Rabenh. Pleurage anserina (Ces.) Kuntze P. curvula (De Bary) Kuntze P. decipiens (G. Winter) Kuntze P. minuta (Fuckel) Kuntze P. neglecta (E.C. Hansen) C. Moreau P. taenioides Griffiths Podosphaera clandestina (Wallr. : Fr.) Lév. P. tridactyla (Wallr.) de Bary Podospora communis (Speg.) Niessl. P. conica (Fuckel) A.E. Bell & Mahoney (P. curvula (de Bary ex G. Winter) Niessl) P. decipiens (G. Winter ex Fuckel) Niessl Pseudopeziza trifolii (Biv.) Fuckel Pseudoplectania nigrella (Pers.) Fuckel P. sphagnophila (Pers. : Fr.) Kreisel Pyrenopeziza compressula Rehm Pyronema omphalodes (Bull.) Fuckel Rhytisma acerinum (Pers. : Fr.) Fr. R. salicinum (Pers.) Fr. Rutstroemia bolaris (Batsch) Rehm R. bulgarioides (Rabenh.) Svrèek Ryparobius crustaceus (Fuckel) Rehm Saccobolus beckii Heimerl Sarcoscypha coccinea (Jacq. : Fr.) Sacc. Sarcosphaera coronaria (Jacq.) J. Schröt.
2 3 4 5 + + + + + + + + + + u + u + + + + + + + + + u u u + u u + + u u u + + + u u + + u + +
S. dargelasii (Gachet) Nannf. u Sawadaea bicornis (Wallr. : Fr.) Miyabe S. tulasnei (Fuckel) Homma Schizothecium vesticola (Berk. & Broome) N. Lundq. (P. vesticola (Berk. & Broome) Cain & J.H. Mirza ex Kobayashi) Scutellinia fimicola J. Moravec +
+ + u
89
6 DIMITROVA & ASSYOV, 2004 GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996 ZASHEV, 1949, 1953; KOVACHEVSKI, 1955 HINKOVA, 1960 FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA, 1991 STOYKOV, 2005; SOMF STOYKOV, 2005; SOMF FAKIROVA et al. (unpubl.) SAMEVA, 1981; SOMF SOMF; unpublished FAKIROVA, 1969 FAKIROVA, 1969 FAKIROVA, 1968 FAKIROVA, 1969, 1970 FAKIROVA, 1969 FAKIROVA, 1970 FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA, 1991 SOMF; unpublished FAKIROVA et al. (unpubl.) FAKIROVA et al. (unpubl.) NEGREAN & DENCHEV, 2000 HINKOVA et al., 1983; SOMF DIMITROVA & ASSYOV, 2004; SOMF unpublished SOMF; unpublished SOMF; unpublished HINKOVA, 1960 DIMITROVA, 2002a, b DIMITROVA, 1996, 1999; SOMF FAKIROVA, 1972b FAKIROVA, 1970; SOMF SOMF; unpublished BURZAKOV, 1931; HINKOVA, 1961; SOMF SOMF; unpublished FAKIROVA, 1991; SOMF FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA et al. (unpubl.)
FAKIROVA, 1972b; SOMF
90
C. DENCHEV 1
2 3 4 5
S. scutellata (L.) Lambotte S. umbrorum (Fr.) Lambotte
+ +
Sordaria barbata E.C. Hansen S. fimicola (Roberge) Ces. & De Not.
+ + + +
S. kansensis (Griffiths) Sacc. S. montanensis Griffiths S. papyricola G. Winter Spathularia flavida Pers. : Fr. S. rufa Schmidel Sphaerotheca aphanis (Wallr.) U. Braun S. balsaminae U. Braun S. epilobii (Link) de Bary S. euphorbiae (Castagne) E.S. Salmon S. ferruginea (Schltdl. : Fr.) L. Junell S. fuliginea (Schltdl. : Fr.) Pollacci S. fusca (Fr. : Fr.) S. Blumer (S. erigerontis-canadensis (Lév.) L. Junell; S. xanthii (Castagne) L. Junell) S. macularis (Wallr. : Fr.) Lind S. pannosa (Wallr. : Fr.) Lév. S. plantaginis (Castagne) L. Junell Sporormia fimetaria De Not. Sporormiella corynespora (Niessl) S.I. Ahmed & Cain S. leporina (Niessl) S.I. Ahmed & Cain S. longispora (Cain) S.I. Ahmed & Cain S. megalospora (Auersw.) S.I. Ahmed & Cain S. minima (Auersw.) S.I. Ahmed & Cain S. octomera (Auersw.) S.I. Ahmed & Cain S. pilosa (Cain) S.I. Ahmed & Cain S. pulchella (E.C. Hansen) S.I. Ahmed & Cain Sydowiella fenestrans (Duby) Petr. Taphrina turgida Sadeb. Teichospora ignavis (De Not.) P. Karst. Thelebolus crustaceus (Fuckel) Kimbr. Th. microsporus (Berk. & Broome) Kimbr. Thyridium vestitum (Fr. : Fr.) Fuckel Trichopeziza leucophaea (Pers.) Rehm Trochila craterium (DC.) Fr. Tuber puberulum Berk. & Broome Uncinula adunca (Wallr. : Fr.) Lév. U. prunastri (DC.) Sacc. Ustulina deusta (Hoffm. : Fr.) Lind. Valsa ceratosperma (Tode : Fr.) Maire V. fallax Nitschke Xylaria hypoxylon (L. : Fr.) Grev.
+ u + u +
BURZAKOV, 1929 STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b; SOMF FAKIROVA, 1970 FAKIROVA , 1969; SAMEVA , 1981; SOMF FAKIROVA ,1970 FAKIROVA, 1969; SOMF FAKIROVA, 1969 GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996 SOMF; unpublished FAKIROVA, 1991; SOMF
+ + +
+ + + + +
FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA, 1991
+ +
FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA, 1991; SOMF FAKIROVA, 1968 FAKIROVA, 1968 FAKIROVA, 1969, 1970 FAKIROVA, 1968, 1969 SOMF; unpublished FAKIROVA, 1969 FAKIROVA, 1968 FAKIROVA, 1969 FAKIROVA, 1972b STOYKOV, 2005; SOMF HINKOVA, 1960 FAKIROVA, 1982b; SOMF SOMF; unpublished FAKIROVA, 1969 SOMF; unpublished unpublished DIMITROVA, 1997b; SOMF HINKOVA & STOICHEV, 1983; SOMF FAKIROVA, 1991 FAKIROVA, 1991 unpublished FAKIROVA, 1982b; SOMF FAKIROVA, 1982b; SOMF unpublished
+ + + + +
+ u + + +
+ + + + u + u u + u + u + + u u + + u
6
Fungi
91
Records of lichenized and lichenicolous fungi from the Rhodopes have been published by KAZANDZHIEV (1900), SUZA (1929), SZATALA (1930), MOTYKA & ZHELEZOVA (1962), POPNIKOLOV & ZHELEZOVA (1964), and ZHELEZOVA (1956, 1963). Fundamental knowledge on the distribution of these groups of fungi was taken from MAYRHOFER et al. (2005). Additional information has been recently reported by VONDRÁK (2006). The known records of 484 species of lichenized and lichenicolous fungi from the Rhodopes are presented in the list below. Acarospora bulgarica H. Magn. & Szatala; A. fuscata (Schrad.) Th. Fr.; A. gallica H. Magn.; A. glaucocarpa (Ach.) Körb.; A. heppii (Nägeli) Körb.; A. hospitans H. Magn.; A. macrospora (Hepp) Bagl.; A. nitrophila H. Magn.; A. veronensis A. Massal.; Agonimia tristicula (Nyl.) Zahlbr.; Alectoria ochroleuca (Hoffm.) A. Massal.; A. sarmentosa (Ach.) Ach.; Amandinea punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins & Scheid.; Anaptychia ciliaris (L.) Körb.; Anema decipiens (A. Massal.) Forssell; A. nummularium (Duf. ex Durieu & Mont.) Nyl.; Arthonia copromya Anzi; A. fusca (A. Massal.) Hepp; A. pruinata (Pers.) A.L. Sm.; A. punctiformis Ach.; A. radiata (Pers.) Ach.; Arthopyrenia cerasi (Schrad.) A. Massal.; A. cinereopruinosa (Schaer.) A. Massal.; A. rhypontella (Nyl.) Arnold; Aspicilia caesiocinerea (Nyl. ex Malbr.) Arnold; A. calcarea (L.) Mudd; A. candida (Anzi) Hue; A. cinerea (L.) Körb.; A. contorta (Hoffm.) Kremp., s. lat.; A. farinosa (Flörke) Arnold; A. laevata (Ach.) Arnold Bacidia bagliettoana (A. Massal. & De Not.) Jatta; B. fuscoviridis (Anzi) Lettau; B. inundata (Fr.) Vězda; Baeomyces rufus (Huds.) Rebent.; Bagliettoa baldensis (A. Massal.) Vězda; B. limborioides A. Massal.; Bellemerea alpina (Sommerf.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux; Bilimbia lobulata (Sommerf.) Hafellner & Coppins; B. sabuletorum (Schreb.) Arnold; Bryoria capillaris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.; B. chalybeiformis (L.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.; Bryoria fuscescens (Gyeln.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.; Bryoria implexa (Hoffm.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.; B. subcana (Nyl. ex Stizenb.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.; Buellia disciformis (Fr.) Mudd; B. vilis Th. Fr. Calicium abietinum Pers.; C. salicinum Pers.; C. trabinellum (Ach.) Ach.; C. viride Pers.; Caloplaca alociza (A. Massal.) Mig.; C. ammiospila (Wahlenb.) H. Olivier; C. arenaria (Pers.) Müll. Arg.; C. aurantia (Pers.) Hellb.; C. biatorina (A. Massal.) J. Steiner; C. cerina (Ehrh. ex Hedw.) Th. Fr., s. lat.; C. chalybaea (Fr.) Müll. Arg.; C. chlorina (Flot.) H. Olivier; C. cirrochroa (Ach.) Th. Fr.; C. crenularia (With.) J.R. Laundon; C. decipiens (Arnold) Blomb. & Forssell; C. demissa (Körb.) Arup & Grube; C. ferruginea (Huds.) Th. Fr.; C. flavovirescens (Wulfen) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.; C. grimmiae (Nyl.) H. Olivier; C. haematites (St.-Amans) Zwackh; C. herbidella (Hue) H. Magn.; C. holocarpa (Hoffm. ex Ach.) A.E. Wade; C. lactea (A. Massal.) Zahlbr.; C. livida (Hepp) Jatta; C. lobulata (Flörke) Hellb.; C. obliterans (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell; C. obscurella (J. Lahm ex Körb.) Th. Fr.; C. saxicola (Hoffm.) Nordin; C. stillicidiorum (Vahl) Lynge; C. variabilis (Pers.) Müll. Arg.; C. velana (A. Massal.) Du Rietz; C. virescens (Sm.) Coppins; C. viridirufa (Ach.) Zahlbr.; C. vitellinula auct.; C. xantholyta (Nyl.) Jatta; Candelaria concolor (Dicks.) Stein; Candelariella aurella (Hoffm.) Zahlbr.; C. lutella (Vain.) Räsänen; C. medians (Nyl.) A.M. Sm.; C. unilocularis (Elenk.) Nimis; C. vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg.; C. xanthostigma (Ach.) Lettau; Catapyrenium cinereum (Pers.) Körb.; C. daedaleum (Kremp.) Stein; Catillaria erysiboides (Nyl.) Th. Fr.; Cetraria aculeata (Schreb.) Fr.; C. ericetorum Opiz; C. islandica (L.) Ach.; C. muricata (Ach.) Eckfeldt; C. sepincola (Ehrh.) Ach.; Chaenotheca chrysocephala (Turner ex Ach.) Th. Fr.; Ch. furfuracea (L.) Tibell; Ch. trichialis (Ach.) Th. Fr.; Ch. candelaris (L.) J.R. Laundon; Cladonia arbuscula (Wallr.) Flot., s. lat.; C. arbuscula subsp. mitis (Sandst.) Ruoss; C. cariosa (Ach.) Spreng.; C. chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Spreng.; C.
92
C. DENCHEV
coniocraea (Flörke) Spreng.; C. convoluta (Lam.) Anders; C. deformis (L.) Hoffm.; C. digitata (L.) Hoffm.; C. fimbriata (L.) Fr.; C. furcata (Huds.) Schrad.; C. gracilis (L.) Willd. s. lat.; C. macilenta Hoffm.; C. ochrochlora Flörke; C. phyllophora Hoffm.; C. pocillum (Ach.) Grognot; C. pyxidata (L.) Hoffm.; C. rangiferina (L.) F.H. Wigg.; C. rangiformis Hoffm.; C. squamosa Hoffm.; C. subulata (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg.; C. symphycarpia (Flörke) Fr.; C. verticillata (Hoffm.) Schaer.; Collema auriforme (With.) Coppins & J.R. Laundon; C. crispum (Huds.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg.; C. cristatum (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg. var. cristatum; C. cristatum var. marginale (Huds.) Degel.; C. flaccidum (Ach.) Ach.; C. furfuraceum (Arnold) Du Rietz; C. multipunctatum Degel.; C. nigrescens (Huds.) DC.; C. occultatum Bagl.; C. polycarpon Hoffm.; C. tenax (Sw.) Ach. emend. Degel. var. tenax; C. tenax var. corallinum (A. Massal.) Degel.; Cornicularia normoerica (Gunnerus) Du Rietz; Cyphelium inquinans (Sm.) Trevis.; C. tigillare (Ach.) Ach.; Cystocoleus ebeneus (Dillwyn) Thwaites Dermatocarpon leptophyllodes (Nyl.) Zahlbr.; D. luridum (With.) J.R. Laundon; D. miniatum (L.) W. Mann var. miniatum; D. miniatum var. cirsodes (Ach.) Zahlbr.; D. miniatum var. complicatum (Lightf.) Th. Fr.; Dibaeis baeomyces (L. f.) Rambold & Hertel; Dimelaena oreina (Ach.) Norman; Diploschistes muscorum (Scop.) R. Sant.; D. ocellatus (Vill.) Norman; D. scruposus (Schreb.) Norman; Diplotomma alboatrum (Hoffm.) Flot.; D. ambiguum (Ach.) Flagey; D. venustum Körb.; Dirina stenhammari (Fr.) Poelt & Follmann Endocarpon adscendens (Anzi) Müll. Arg.; E. pusillum Hedw.; Evernia divaricata (L.) Ach.; E. prunastri (L.) Ach. Flavocetraria nivalis (L.) Kärnefelt & Thell; Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale; Fulgensia bracteata (Hoffm.) Räsänen; F. fulgens (Sw.) Elenk.; F. fulgida (Nyl.) Szatala; F. schistidii (Anzi) Poelt; Fuscidea mollis (Wahlenb.) V. Wirth & Vězda; Fuscopannaria leucophaea (Vahl) P.M. Jørg. Graphis scripta (L.) Ach.; Gyalecta jenensis (Batsch) Zahlbr.; G. leucaspis (A. Massal.) Zahlbr. Haematomma nemetzii J. Steiner; H. ochroleucum (Neck.) J.R. Laundon var. ochroleucum and var. porphyricum (Pers.) J.R. Laundon; Harpidium rutilans (Flot.) Körb.; Heterodermia speciosa (Wulfen) Trevis.; Hypogymnia austerodes (Nyl.) Räsänen; H. farinacea Zopf; H. physodes (L.) Nyl.; H. tubulosa (Schaer.) Hav.; Hypotrachyna revoluta (Flörke) Hale Icmadophila ericetorum (L.) Zahlbr.; Immersaria cupreoatra (Nyl.) Calatayud & Rambold; Imshaugia aleurites (Ach.) S.L.F. Meyer; Intralichen christiansenii (D. Hawksw.) D. Hawksw. & M.S. Cole Lasallia pustulata (L.) Mérat; Lecania hyalina (Fr.) R. Sant.; Lecanora albella (Pers.) Ach.; L. allophana Nyl.; L. argopholis (Ach.) Ach.; L. bolcana (Pollini) Poelt; L. bulgarica Gyeln.; L. campestris (Schaer.) Hue; L. carpinea (L.) Vain.; L. cenisia Ach.; L. cerebellina Poelt; L. circumborealis Brodo & Vitik.; L. crenulata Hook.; L. dispersa (Pers.) Sommerf.; L. flotowiana Spreng.; L. garovaglii (Körb.) Zahlbr.; L. glabrata (Ach.) Malme; L. expallens Ach.; L. hagenii (Ach.) Ach. var. hagenii; L. intricata (Ach.) Ach.; L. intumescens (Rebent.) Rabenh.; L. mughicola Nyl.; L. neobulgarica Gyeln.; L. phaeostigma (Körb.) Almb.; L. polytropa (Ehrh. ex Hoffm.) Rabenh.; L. pruinosa Chaub.; L. pulicaris (Pers.) Ach.; L. raesaenenii Gyeln.; L. reuteri Schaer.; L. rupicola (L.) Zahlbr. subsp. rupicola; L. rupicola subsp. sulphurata (Ach.) Leuckert & Poelt; L. saligna (Schrad.) Zahlbr.; L. subintricata (Nyl.) Th. Fr.; L. sulphurea (Hoffm.) Ach.; L. varia (Hoffm.) Ach.; Lecidea atrobrunnea (Ramond ex Lam. & DC.) Schaer.; L. bagliettoana Zahlbr.; L. confluens (Weber) Ach.; L. fuscoatra (L.) Ach.; L. lapicida var. pantherina Ach.; L. ocellulata (Schaer.) Th. Fr.; L. plana (J. Lahm) Nyl.; L.
Fungi
93
promiscens Nyl.; L. tesselata Flörke; Lecidella anomaloides (A. Massal.) Hertel & H. Kilias; L. carpathica Körb.; L. elaeochroma (Ach.) M. Choisy; L. euphorea (Flörke) Hertel; L. stigmatea (Ach.) Hertel & Leuckert; Lempholemma botryosum (A. Massal.) Zahlbr.; Lepraria caesioalba (de Lesd.) J.R. Laundon; L. crassissima (Hue) Lettau; L. incana (L.) Ach.; L. membranacea (Dicks.) Vain.; L. neglecta (Nyl.) Lettau; L. rigidula (de Lesd.) Tønsberg; Leprocaulon microscopicum (Vill.) Gams; Leptochidium albociliatum (Desm.) M. Choisy; Leptogium cyanescens (Rabh.) Körb.; L. gelatinosum (With.) J.R. Laundon; L. lichenoides (L.) Zahlbr.; L. palmatum (Huds.) Mont.; L. plicatile (Ach.) Leight.; L. saturninum (Dicks.) Nyl.; Letharia vulpina (L.) Hue; Lichenostigma elongata Nav.-Ros. & Hafellner; Lichinella nigritella (Lettau) P. Moreno & Egea; L. stipatula Nyl.; Lobaria amplissima (Scop.) Forssell; L. pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. f. pulmonaria; L. pulmonaria f. papillaris (Delise) Hue; L. scrobiculata (Scop.) DC.; Lobothallia praeradiosa (Nyl.) Hafellner; L. radiosa (Hoffm.) Hafellner Marchandiomyces corallinus (Roberge) Diederich & D. Hawksw.; Megaspora verrucosa (Ach.) Hafellner & V. Wirth; Melanelia exasperata (De Not.) Essl.; M. exasperatula (Nyl.) Essl.; M. fuliginosa (Fr. ex Duby) Essl. subsp. fuliginosa; M. glabra (Schaer.) Essl.; M. olivacea (L.) Essl.; M. sorediata (Ach.) Goward & Ahti; M. stygia (L.) Essl.; M. subaurifera (Nyl.) Essl.; Micarea denigrata (Fr.) Hedl.; M. sylvicola (Flot.) Vězda & V. Wirth; Miriquidica complanata (Körb.) Hertel & Rambold; Moelleropsis nebulosa (Hoffm.) Gyeln.; Muellerella pygmaea (Körb.) D. Hawksw. var. athallina (Müll. Arg.) Triebel; Mycobilimbia hypnorum (Lib.) Kalb & Hafellner; M. lurida (Ach.) Hafellner & Türk Naetrocymbe fraxini (A. Massal.) R.C. Harris; N. punctiformis (Pers.) R.C. Harris; Neofuscelia pulla (Ach.) Essl.; N. verruculifera (Nyl.) Essl.; Nephroma bellum (Spreng.) Tuck.; N. helveticum Ach.; N. laevigatum Ach.; N. parile (Ach.) Ach.; N. resupinatum (L.) Ach. Ochrolechia alboflavescens (Wulfen) Zahlbr.; O. androgyna (Hoffm.) Arnold; O. pallescens (L.) A. Massal.; O. parella (L.) A. Massal.; O. szatalaensis Verseghy; O. upsaliensis (L.) A. Massal.; Opegrapha rupestris Pers.; O. varia Pers. Pannaria conoplea (Ach.) Bory; P. rubiginosa (Ach.) Bory; Parmelia omphalodes (L.) Ach.; P. saxatilis (L.) Ach.; P. sulcata Taylor; Parmeliella triptophylla (Ach.) Müll. Arg.; Parmelina carporrhizans (Taylor) Poelt & Vězda; P. quercina (Willd.) Hale; P. tiliacea (Hoffm.) Hale; Parmeliopsis ambigua (Wulfen) Nyl.; P. hyperopta (Ach.) Arnold; Parmotrema chinense (Osbeck) Hale & Ahti; Peltigera aphthosa (L.) Willd.; P. canina (L.) Willd.; P. collina (Ach.) Schrad.; P. degenii Gyeln.; P. didactyla (With.) J.R. Laundon; P. horizontalis (Huds.) Baumg.; P. hymenina (Ach.) Delise; P. lepidophora (Nyl. ex Vain.) Bitter; P. leucophlebia (Nyl.) Gyeln.; P. malacea (Ach.) Funck; P. polydactylon (Neck) Hoffm.; P. rufescens (Weiss) Humb.; P. venosa (L.) Hoffm.; Peltula euploca (Ach.) Poelt; Pertusaria albescens (Huds.) M. Choisy & Werner; P. coccodes (Ach.) Nyl.; P. kasandjeffii Szatala; P. lactea (L.) Arnold; P. leioplaca DC.; P. pertusa (Weigel) Tuck.; P. rupicola (Fr.) Harm.; Phaeophyscia cernohorskyi (Nádv.) Essl.; Ph. ciliata (Hoffm.) Moberg; Ph. endophoenicea (Harm.) Moberg; Ph. nigricans (Flörke) Moberg; Ph. orbicularis (Neck.) Moberg; Ph. sciastra (Ach.) Moberg; Physcia adscendens H. Olivier; Ph. aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Fürnr.; Ph. albinea (Ach.) Nyl.; Ph. caesia (Hoffm.) Fürnr.; Ph. dubia (Hoffm.) Lettau; Ph. leptalea (Ach.) DC.; Ph. magnussonii Frey; Ph. phaea (Tuck.) J.W. Thomson; Ph. stellaris (L.) Nyl.; Ph. tenella (Scop.) DC.; Ph. tribacia (Ach.) Nyl.; Physconia distorta (With.) J.R. Laundon; Ph. enteroxantha (Nyl.) Poelt; Ph. grisea (Lam.) Poelt; Ph. muscigena (Ach.) Poelt; Ph. perisidiosa (Erichsen) Moberg; Ph. venusta (Ach.) Poelt; Placidium adami-borosi Szatala; P. lachneum (Ach.) de Lesd.; P. michelii A. Massal.; P. rufescens (Ach.)
94
C. DENCHEV
A. Massal.; P. squamulosum (Ach.) Breuss; Placocarpus schaereri (Fr.) Breuss; Placopyrenium bucekii (Nádv. & Servít) Breuss; P. trachyticum (Hazsl.) Breuss; Placynthiella uliginosa (Schrad.) Coppins & P. James; Placynthium nigrum (Huds.) Gray; Platismatia glauca (L.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.; Pleopsidium flavum (Bellardi) Körb.; Polychidium muscicola (Sw.) Gray; Polysporina lapponica (Ach. ex Schaer.) Degel.; P. simplex (Davies) Vězda; Porpidia crustulata (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph; P. macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel & A.J. Schwab; P. speirea (Ach.) Kremp.; Protoblastenia calva (Dicks.) Zahlbr.; P. cyclospora (Körb.) Poelt; P. rupestris (Scop.) J. Steiner; Protopannaria pezizoides (Weber) P.M. Jørg. & S. Ekman; Protoparmelia badia (Hoffm.) Hafellner; P. cupreobadia (Nyl.) Poelt; P. nitens (Pers.) Sancho & A. Crespo; P. psarophana (Nyl.) Sancho & A. Crespo; Protoparmeliopsis muralis (Schreb.) M. Choisy; Pseudephebe pubescens (L.) M. Choisy; Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf, s. lat.; P. furfuracea var. ceratea (Ach.) D. Hawksw.; Pseudosagedia chlorotica (Ach.) Hafellner & Kalb; Psora decipiens (Hedw.) Hoffm.; P. testacea (Hoffm.) Ach.; Psoroma hypnorum (Vahl) Gray; Psorotichia schaereri (A. Massal.) Arnold; Punctelia borreri (Sm.) Krog; P. subrudecta (Nyl.) Krog; Pycnothelia papillaria (Ehrh.) Dufour; Pyrenula coryli A. Massal. Ramalina calicaris (L.) Fr.; R. capitata (Ach.) Nyl.; R. farinacea (L.) Ach.; R. fraxinea (L.) Ach.; R. pollinaria (Westr.) Ach.; R. thrausta (Ach.) Nyl.; Rhizocarpon badioatrum (Flörke ex Spreng.) Th. Fr.; R. disporum (Nägeli ex Hepp) Müll. Arg.; R. distinctum Th. Fr.; R. geographicum (L.) DC., s. lat.; R. geographicum subsp. geographicum; R. geographicum subsp. lindsayanum (Räsänen) ined.; R. petraeum (Wulfen) A. Massal.; R. polycarpum (Hepp) Th. Fr.; Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca (Sm.) Zopf; Rimularia insularis (Nyl.) Rambold & Hertel; Rinodina archaea (Ach.) Arnold; R. bischoffii (Hepp) A. Massal.; R. colobina (Ach.) Th. Fr.; R. conradii Körb.; R. immersa (Körb.) Zahlbr.; R. milvina (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr.; R. pityrea Ropin & H. Mayrhofer; R. pyrina (Ach.) Arnold; R. sophodes (Ach.) A. Massal.; R. trachytica (A. Massal.) Bagl. & Carestia; Rinodinella controversa (A. Massal.) H. Mayrhofer & Poelt Sarcogyne privigna (Ach.) A. Massal.; S. regularis Körb.; Sarcopyrenia gibba (Nyl.) Nyl. var. geisleri Beckh. ex Körb.; Schaereria fuscocinerea (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux; Scoliciosporum sarothamni (Vain.) Vězda; Solorina crocea (L.) Ach.; S. saccata (L.) Ach.; Spilonema paradoxum Bornet; Squamarina cartilaginea (With.) P. James; S. gypsacea (Sm.) Poelt; S. lentigera (Weber) Poelt; Staurothele ambrosiana (A. Massal.) Zschacke; S. clopimoides (Arnold) J. Steiner; S. fissa (Taylor) Zwackh; S. frustulenta Vain.; Stereocaulon alpinum Laurer; S. paschale (L.) Hoffm.; Synalissa symphorea (Ach.) Nyl. Tephromela atra (Huds.) Hafellner; Thamnolia vermicularis (Sw.) Schaer. var. vermicularis; Thyrea confusa Henssen; Toninia athallina (Hepp) Timdal; T. candida (Weber) Th. Fr.; T. cinereovirens (Schaer.) A. Massal.; T. sedifolia (Scop.) Timdal; T. squalida (Ach.) A. Massal.; T. tristis (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr.; T. tumidula (Sm.) Zahlbr.; Tuckermanopsis chlorophylla (Willd.) Hale Umbilicaria crustulosa (Ach.) Frey; U. cylindrica (L.) Delise ex Duby; U. deusta (L.) Baumg.; U. hirsuta (Sw. ex Westr.) Hoffm.; U. polyphylla (L.) Baumg.; U. spodochroa (Hoffm.) DC.; U. vellea (L.) Hoffm.; Usnea anatolica Motyka; U. bithynica Motyka; U. capillaris Motyka; U. cavernosa Tuck.; U. ceratina Ach.; U. czeczottiae Motyka; U. diplotypus Vain.; U. filipendula Stirt.; U. florida (L.) F.H. Wigg.; U. fulvoreagens (Räsänen) Räsänen; U. glabrescens (Vain.) Vain.; U. hirta (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg.; U. intermedia (A. Massal.) Jatta; U. lapponica Vain.; U. räsänenii Bystrek; U. reticulata Vain.; U. scabrata Nyl.; U. subfloridana Stirt.; U. substerilis Motyka
Fungi
95
Verrucaria acrotella Ach.; V. aethiobola Wahlenb.; V. bulgarica Szatala; V. calciseda DC.; V. dufourii DC.; V. elaeomelaena (A. Massal.) Anzi; V. fuscella (Turner) Winch; V. glaucina auct.; V. glaucovirens Grummann; V. hochstetteri Fr.; V. lecideoides (A. Massal.) Trevis; V. muralis Ach.; V. nigrescens Pers.; V. sphaerospora Anzi; Vulpicida pinastri (Scop.) J.-E. Mattsson & M.J. Lai Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ach.) Hale; X. somloensis (Gyeln.) Hale; Xanthoria calcicola Oksner; X. elegans (Link) Th. Fr.; X. fallax (Hepp) Arnold; X. nowakii S. Kondratyuk & U. Bielczyk; X. parietina (L.) Th. Fr.; X. polycarpa (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. ex Rieber; Xylographa minutula Körb.; X. parallela (Ach.: Fr.) Fr.; X. rufa (Pers.) Fr.; X. vitiligo (Ach.) J.R. Laundon. Additionally, five species of non lichenized fungi, which are traditionally included in the lichenological literature, have been reported from the Rhodopes: Blastodesmia nitida A. Massal., Didymella punctiformis (Massee) Vain. f. acerina (Hepp) Vain., Leptorhaphis epidermidis (Ach.) Th. Fr., Mycocalicium subtile (Pers.) Szatala, and Tomasellia arthonioides (A. Massal.) A. Massal. (MAYRHOFER et al., 2005). A list of 125 anamorphic fungi is presented in Table 3.
Western Central Eastern Rhodopes
T a b l e 3. Checklist of anamorphic fungi
Taxa 1
2 3 4 5
Alatospora acuminata Ingold Anguillospora longissima (Sacc. & P. Syd.) Ingold Ascochyta alneum (Pers. : Fr.) B. Sutton A. ambrosiana Unamuno A. aristolochiae Sacc.
+ + + + + + +
A. boni-henrici Ranoj. A. chelidoniicola Melnik
+ +
A. coluteae F. Lamb. & Fautrey
+
A. digitalina Vanev & Bakalova
+
A. doronici Allesch.
+ +
A. euphrasiae Oudem.
+ +
A. mercurialis Bres.
+
A. necans (Ellis & Everh.) Davis
+
A. silenes Ellis & Everh.
+
Sources 6 KIRYAKOV, 1993 KIRYAKOV, 1993 BAKALOVA, 1999 VANEV et al., 1997 VANCHIKOV, 1947; VANEV et al., 1997 VANEV et al., 1997 BAKALOVA, 1997a; VANEV et al., 1997 KROUSHEVA, 1965; VANEV et al., 1997 VANEV & BAKALOVA, 1989; VANEV et al., 1997 VANEV & BAKALOVA, 1991; VANEV et al., 1997 MALKOV, 1910; KLIKA, 1929; VANEV et al., 1997 VANEV & BAKALOVA, 1991; VANEV et al., 1997 MALKOV, 1908; VANEV et al., 1997 VANEV & BAKALOVA, 1991; VANEV et al., 1997
96
C. DENCHEV 1
A. siringae Bres. A. verbascina Thüm. A. viciae Lib.
2 3 4 5 + + + +
+
VANEV et al., 1997 VANEV et al., 1997 VANEV & BAKALOVA, 1991; VANEV et al., 1997 VANEV & BAKALOVA, 1991; VANEV et al., 1997 BAKALOVA, 1997b, 1999 MALKOV, 1908; BAKALOVA, 1999 VANEV, 2000 KLIKA, 1929; BAKALOVA, 2001 KIRYAKOV, 1993 KIRYAKOV, 1993
+
BAKALOVA, 1998a, 1999
A. volubilis Sacc. & Malbr.
+
Asteroma alneum (Pers. : Fr.) B. Sutton A. leptothyrioides (Kabát & Bubák) B. Sutton
+
Cercospora moravica (Petr.) U. Braun C. violae Sacc. Clavariopsis aquatica De Willd. Clavatospora longibrachiata (Ingold) Sv. Nilsson ex Marvanová & Sv. Nilsson Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus & Moore Cytospora leucosperma (Pers. : Fr.) Fr. Diplosporonema delastrei (Delacr.) Petr. Discosia artocreas (Tode : Fr.) Fr. D. faginea Lib. Gloeosporidiella ribis (Lib.) Petr. Fusarium album Sacc. Hendersonia alabakensis Bubák & Picb. H. bulgarica Bubák & Picb. Heteropatella lacera Fuckel
+ +
Lenialis aurea (Lév.) Sacc. Marssonina fragariae (Lib.) Kleb. M. rosae (Lib.) Died. Melasmia acerina Lév. Mycocentrospora acerina (R. Hartig) Deighton Passalora dubia (Riess) U. Braun
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Phacellium episphaerium (Desm.) U. Braun u Phaeoramularia punctiformis (Schltdl.) U. Braun + Phloeospora associata Bubák Ph. ulmi (Fr. : Fr.) Wallr. Phyllosticta chelidonii Bres. Ph. petasitidis Ellis & Everh. Ph. rhamni Westend. Ph. trifoliorum Barbarin Ph. turritis Lobik Polythrincium trifolii Kunze Ramularia ajugae (Niessl) Sacc.
6
+ + + + + + u + + +
+
KLIKA, 1929 SAMEVA, 1999 VANEV et al., 1997 VANEV et al., 1997 BAKALOVA, 1998b, 1999 MALKOV, 1906, 1908 PICBAUER, 1937 PICBAUER, 1937 BAKALOVA, 1996b; VANEV et al., 1997; SOMF REID & VANEV, 1984 MALKOV, 1908 KLIKA, 1929; BAKALOVA, 1999 KLIKA, 1929 VANEV, 1988; BAKALOVA, 2001 BAKALOVA & BORISOVA, 1999; BAKALOVA, 2001; SOMF SOMF; unpublished MALKOV, 1908; VANEV, 2000; SOMF KLIKA, 1929; BAKALOVA, 1999 CHRISTOV, 1939; BAKALOVA, 1999 BAKALOVA, 1996a BAKALOVA, 1994 VANCHIKOV, 1949 BAKALOVA, 1993; SOMF SAMEVA, 1999 KROUSHEVA, 1968 MALKOV, 1910; BAKALOVA, 2001
Fungi 1 R. aplospora Speg.
2 3 4 5 +
R. calcea Ces.
+
R. cardamines Syd.
+
R. carneola (Sacc.) Nannf.
R. chaerophylli Ferraris R. didyma Unger var. didyma R. filaris Fresen.
+ +
+ +
R. geranii Fuckel var. geranii R. inaequale (Preuss) U. Braun
+
R. lamii Fuckel emend. U. Braun var. lamii
+
R. macrospora Fresen.
+
R. pratensis Sacc. emend. U. Braun var. pratensis
+
+ + +
+ +
+
R. primulae Thüm.
+
R. pusilla Unger
+
R. silvestris Sacc. R. variabilis Fuckel
+ +
+
Septoria aceris (Lib.) Berk. & Broome
+
S. adenophorae Thüm. S. alsines Rostr. S. apiicola Speg. S. arabidis Sacc. S. ari Desm.
u + +
S. bidentis Sacc.
+
S. campanulae (Lév.) Sacc. S. cannabis (Lasch) Sacc. S. chelidonii (Lib.) Desm.
+ + +
+ + +
97
6 BAKALOVA & BORISOVA, 2000; BAKALOVA, 2001 KROUSHEVA, 1965; BAKALOVA, 2001 VANCHIKOV, 1947; BAKALOVA, 2001 MALKOV, 1908; KLIKA, 1929; CHRISTOV, 1939; BAKALOVA & BORISOVA, 2000; BAKALOVA, 2001 BAKALOVA, 2001 KLIKA, 1929; BAKALOVA, 2001 KLIKA, 1929; BAKALOVA & BORISOVA, 2000; BAKALOVA, 2001 MALKOV, 1908; KLIKA, 1929 BAKALOVA & BORISOVA, 2000; BAKALOVA, 2001 BAKALOVA & BORISOVA, 2000; BAKALOVA, 2001 BAKALOVA & BORISOVA, 2000; BAKALOVA, 2001 KLIKA, 1929; BAKALOVA & BORISOVA, 2000; BAKALOVA, 2001 MALKOV, 1908; KLIKA, 1929; BAKALOVA, 2001 RADOSLAVOV, 1914; BAKALOVA 2001 KLIKA, 1929; BAKALOVA, 2001 KLIKA, 1929; BAKALOVA & BORISOVA, 2000; BAKALOVA, 2001 SAMEVA, 1987; VANEV et al., 1997; SOMF BAKALOVA, 1997c; SOMF BUBÁK, 1906 VANEV et al., 1997 SAMEVA, 1999 KROUSHEVA, 1965; VANEV et al., 1997 MALKOV, 1910; VANEV et al., 1997 KLIKA, 1929; VANEV et al., 1997 VANEV et al., 1997 MALKOV, 1908; KLIKA, 1929; VANEV et al., 1997
98
C. DENCHEV 1
2 3 4 5
S. chrysanthemella Sacc. S. cirsii Niessl
+
S. clematidis Roberge ex Desm.
+
S. clinopodii Allesch.
+
+
S. convolvuli (Lib.) Desm. S. cornicola Desm. S. cotini C. Massal.
+ + +
S. cruciatae Roberge ex Desm.
+
S. digitalis Pass.
+ +
S. divergens Bubák & Kabát S. ebuli Desm. & Roberge S. epilobii Westend.
+
S. erigerontis Peck
+ +
S. euphorbiae Kalchbr.
+
S. galeopsidis Westend.
+ +
S. gei Roberge ex Desm. S. heraclei (Lib.) Desm. S. humuli Westend. S. hyalospora (Mont. & Ces.) Sacc. S. inconspicua Berk. & M.A. Curtis
+ + + +
S. lamiicola Sacc. S. lychnidis Desm.
+
S. lycopi Pass. S. lysimachiae (Lib.) Westend. S. martianoffiana Thüm. S. nepetae Ellis & Everh.
+ +
+
+
+ + u +
S. orchidearum Westend.
+
S. polygonorum Desm.
+ +
S. rubi Westend.
+ +
6 VANEV et al., 1997 BUBÁK, 1908; SAMEVA, 1991b; VANEV et al., 1997; SOMF KLIKA, 1929; VANEV et al., 1997; SOMF SAMEVA, 1987; VANEV et al., 1997; SOMF VANEV et al., 1997 KLIKA, 1929; VANEV et al., 1997 MALKOV, 1908; VANEV et al., 1997 KLIKA, 1929; SAMEVA & BAKALOVA, 1993; VANEV et al., 1997 MALKOV, 1908; KLIKA, 1929; SAMEVA, 1987; VANEV et al., 1997; SOMF KLIKA, 1929; VANEV et al., 1997 VANEV et al., 1997; SOMF SAMEVA, 1984; VANEV et al., 1997; SOMF BAKALOVA, 1997c; SAMEVA, 1999; SOMF KLIKA, 1929; VANEV et al., 1997; SOMF KLIKA, 1929; VANEV et al., 1997; SOMF KLIKA, 1929; VANEV et al., 1997 MALKOV, 1910; KLIKA, 1929 KLIKA, 1929; VANEV et al., 1997 KLIKA, 1929; VANEV et al., 1997 VANCHIKOV, 1947; VANEV et al., 1997 VANEV et al., 1997; SOMF SAMEVA, 1991b; VANEV et al., 1997; SOMF VANEV et al., 1997; SOMF VANEV et al., 1997; SOMF SOMF, unpublished MALKOV, 1908; VANEV et al., 1997 KROUSHEVA, 1965; VANEV et al., 1997 MALKOV, 1908; VANEV et al., 1997; SOMF MALKOV, 1908; KLIKA 1926; VANEV et al., 1997; SOMF
Fungi 1
2 3 4 5
S. salicicola (Fr.) Sacc.
+
S. salviae Pass. S. saponariae (DC.) Savi & Becc.
+
S. scabiosicola (Desm.) Desm.
+ +
S. senecionis Westend. S. stellariae Roberge ex Desm.
+ + u
S. tanaceti Niessl
+ +
S. tormentillae Roberge ex Desm.
+
S. urticae Roberge ex Desm. S. vincetoxici (C. Shub.) Auersw. S. xanthii Desm. Septogloeum carthusianum (Sacc.) Sacc. Sphaeropsis rusci Thüm. Spilocea fraxini (Aderh.) Petr. Tetracladium marchalianum De Willd. T. setigerum (Grove) Ingold Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk. & Broome) Ferraris
+ + + +
Triplospermum myrtii (Lind.) Hughes Varicosporum elodeae Kegel
+
+ + + + + + + + + + +
99
6 SAMEVA, 1991a; VANEV et al., 1997; SOMF VANEV et al., 1997; SOMF MALKOV, 1908; KLIKA, 1929; VANEV et al., 1997 MALKOV, 1908; KLIKA, 1929; VANEV et al., 1997; SOMF VANEV et al., 1997; SOMF KLIKA, 1929; VANEV et al., 1997; SOMF MALKOV, 1908; KLIKA, 1929; VANEV et al., 1997 SAMEVA, 1987; VANEV et al., 1997; SOMF VANEV et al., 1997; SOMF KROUSHEVA, 1968 KLIKA, 1929; VANEV et al., 1997 KLIKA, 1929; BAKALOVA, 1999 MALKOV, 1910 VANEV, 2000 KIRYAKOV, 1993 KIRYAKOV, 1993 IVANCHEVA-GABROVSKA, 1953, 1960 KIRYAKOV, 1993 KIRYAKOV, 1993
The group of basidiomycetes, which is comparatively best studied, is presented in Table 4. That list includes 683 species, among which 151 species are new records to the mycota of the Rhodopes.
Western Central Eastern
T a b l e 4. Checklist of basidiomycetes proper
Taxa 1
2 3 4
Agaricus arvensis Schaeff. : Fr.
+ +
A. augustus Fr.
u + u
A. campestris L. : Fr. A. excellens (F.H. Møller) F.H. Møller
u u +
Sources 5 HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; SOMF GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF SOMF; unpublished HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF
100
C. DENCHEV 1
2 3 4
A. silvaticus Schaeff. : Fr. (A. haemorrhoidarius Schulzer) + + + A. spissicaulis F.H. Møller A. sylvicola (Vittad.) Peck
+ + +
A. xanthoderma Genev. Agrocybe pediades (Fr. : Fr.) Fayod (Naucoria temulenta (Fr.) P. Kumm.) A. praecox (Pers. : Fr.) Fayod À. semiorbicularis (Bull. : Fr.) Fayod
+ + +
A. vervacti (Fr. : Fr.) Singer Albatrellus confluens (Alb. & Schwein. : Fr.) Kotl. & Pouzar
+ + +
A. cristatus (Schaeff. : Fr.) Kotl. & Pouzar A. ovinus (Schaeff. : Fr.) Kotl. & Pouzar
u u u +
+ + u
A. pes-caprae (Pers. : Fr.) Pouzar
+
Aleurodiscus amorphus (Pers. : Fr.) J. Schröt. Amanita battarrae (Boud.) Bon (A. umbrinolutea (Secr. ex Gillet) Bertill.) A. caesarea (Scop. : Fr.) Pers. A. citrina (Schaeff.) Pers.
+ + + + + u
A. franchetii (Boud.) Fayod A. gemmata (Fr.) Bertill.
+ u + +
A. mairei Foley A. muscaria (L. : Fr.) Hook.
u +
u
A. ovoidea (Bull. : Fr.) Link
+
A. pantherina (DC. : Fr.) Krombh.
+ + +
A. phalloides (Fr. : Fr.) Link A. porphyria (Alb. & Schwein. : Fr.) Mlady A. rubescens (Pers. : Fr.) Gray
u u + + u
A. spissa (Fr.) P. Kumm.
+ +
A. strobiliformis (Paulet ex Vittad.) Bertill.
+
5 HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; SOMF LACHEVA & STOICHEV, 2004 HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982 BURZAKOV, 1931 GYOSHEVA, 1998 GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF BURZAKOV, 1931 BURZAKOV, 1931; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; SOMF SOMF; unpublished GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF STOICHEV & STEFANOV, 1983; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982 GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF HINKOVA, 1961; SOMF BURZAKOV, 1928, 1931; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF SOMF; unpublished GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; KUTHAN & KOTLABA, 1989; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF SOMF; unpublished unpublished BURZAKOV, 1931; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; SOMF STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b
Fungi 1
2 3 4
A. vaginata (Bull. : Fr.) Vittad.
+ +
A. verna (Bull. : Fr.) Lam. A. virosa (Fr.) Bertill.
+ +
A. vittadinii (Moretti) Vittad. Amylocystis lapponicus (Romell) Bondartsev & Singer Amylostereum laevigatum (Fr.) Boidin Antrodia serialis (Fr. : Fr.) Donk A. sinuosa (Fr. : Fr.) P. Karst.
+
Armillaria mellea (Vahl. : Fr.) P. Kumm.
u +
A. tabescens (Scop. : Fr.) Emel. Arrhenia umbratilis (Fr. : Fr.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys (Omphalina umbratilis (Fr.) Quél.) Asterophora lycoperdoides (Bull.) Ditmar A. parasitica (Bull. : Fr.) Singer Astraeus hygrometricus (Pers. : Pers.) Morgan
u + + +
u +
+ + + + +
Auricularia auricula-judae (Fr. : Fr.) J. Schröt. Auriscalpium vulgare Gray Baeospora myosura (Fr. : Fr.) Singer Bjerkandera adusta (Willd. : Fr.) P. Karst. Boletopsis leucomelaena (Pers.) Fayod Boletus aereus Bull. : Fr.
u + + u + +
B. aestivalis Paulet ex Fr. B. badius Fr. : Fr.
+ +
+
B. calopus Fr.
+ +
B. chrysenteron Bull.
+ +
B. edulis Bull. : Fr.
+ +
B. erythropus (Fr. : Fr.) Krombh.
+ + +
B. fechtneri Velen. B. ferrugineus Schaeff.
+ + u u
101
5 GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 unpublished STOICHEV, 1983 REID & VANEV, 1984 PILÁT, 1937; GYOSHEVA, 1998 BURZAKOV, 1926b, 1929; STOICHEV, 1979 GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF SOMF; unpublished BURZAKOV, 1931
STOICHEV, 1982; VANEV & REID, 1986 HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF PILÁT, 1926, 1937; BURZAKOV, 1931; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 SOMF; unpublished STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 unpublished HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982, HINKOVA et al., 1983 KUTHAN & KOTLABA, 1989 ASSYOV, 2004; ASSYOV & DENCHEV, 2004; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; ASSYOV & DENCHEV, 2004; SOMF BURZAKOV, 1926b; GYOSHEVA, 1998; SOMF BURZAKOV, 1928, 1931; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; ASSYOV & DENCHEV, 2004 STOICHEV, 1982; ASSYOV, 2004; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF SOMF; unpublished
102
C. DENCHEV 1
2 3 4
5
B. impolitus Fr. B. luridus Schaeff. B. pinophilus Pilát & Dermek
+ + + + +
B. regius Krombh. B. rhodoxanthus (Krombh.) Kallenb. B. speciosus Frost B. subtomentosus L. : Fr.
u u u + + +
B. torosus Fr. Bondarzewia montana (Quél.) Singer Bovista graveolens Schwalb B. nigrescens Pers. : Pers.
+ u + + u +
B. plumbea Pers. : Pers.
u + u
HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF BURZAKOV, 1928, 1931; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982; ASSYOV, 2004; SOMF SOMF; unpublished SOMF; unpublished SOMF; unpublished GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000, SOMF BURZAKOV, 1928 unpublished HINKOVA et al., 1979 GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; SOMF GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF BURZAKOV, 1931
Buchwaldoboletus lignicola (Kallenb.) Pilát Callistosporium xanthophyllum (Malençon & Bertault) Bon Calocera cornea (Batsch : Fr.) Fr. C. viscosa (Pers. : Fr.) Fr.
+ + u u u +
Calocybe gambosa (Fr. : Fr.) Donk C. ionides (Bull. : Fr.) Donk Cantharellus cibarius Fr. : Fr.
+
C. friesii Quél. C. tubaeformis (Bull. : Fr.) Fr.
+ u +
Catathelasma imperiale (Fr.) Singer
+ +
Cenangium ferruginosum Fr. Cerrena unicolor (Bull. : Fr.) Murrill var. irpicoides (Bourdot & Galzin) Bondartsev Chalciporus piperatus (Bull. : Fr.) Bat.
u
Chroogomphus rutilus (Schaeff. : Fr.) O.K. Miller
+ + +
Clavariadelphus ligula (Schaeff. : Fr.) Donk C. pistillaris (L. : Fr.) Donk C. truncatus (Quél.) Donk
+ + + u
+ + +
+ + +
SOMF; unpublished GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF BURZAKOV, 1931 STOICHEV, 1982 BURZAKOV, 1928, 1936; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982 STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA, 1998; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA, 2000; SOMF SOMF; unpublished STOICHEV, 1982 BURZAKOV, 1931, VANEV & REID, 1986; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF BURZAKOV, 1939; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 STOICHEV, 1982 STOICHEV & STEFANOV, 1983; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000
Fungi 1
2 3 4
Clavicorona pixidata (Pers. : Fr.) Donk Clavulina amethystina (Battarra : Fr.) Donk C. cinerea (Bull. : Fr.) J. Schröt.
+ u u + +
C. coralloides (L. : Fr.) J. Schröt. (C. cristata (Holmsk. : Fr.) J. Schröt.)
+ + u
C. rugosa (Bull. : Fr.) J. Schröt.
u +
Clavulinopsis helvola (Pers. : Fr.) Corner Climacocystis borealis (Fr. : Fr.) Kotl. & Pouzar Clitocybe brumalis (Fr. : Fr.) Gillet C. cacabus Fr. C. clavipes (Pers. : Fr.) P. Kumm.
u u
C. dealbata (Sowerby : Fr.) P. Kumm. C. diatreta (Fr. : Fr.) P. Kumm. C. ditopa (Fr. : Fr.) Gillet C. fragrans Sowerby : Fr.
+ + u + + +
C. geotropa (Bull.) Quél. C. gibba (Pers. : Fr.) P. Kumm.
+ + +
C. maxima (Gaertn. & G. Mey. : Fr.) P. Kumm. C. metachroa (Fr. : Fr.) P. Kumm. C. nebularis (Batsch. : Fr.) P. Kumm.
+ + + + +
C. odora (Bull. : Fr.) P. Kumm.
u +
C. paropsis (Fr.) Sacc. C. phyllophila (Pers. : Fr.) P. Kumm (C. cerussata (Fr.) P. Kumm.) C. radicellata Gillet C. rivulosa (Pers.) P. Kumm. C. rufoalutacea Métrod C. umbilicata (Schaeff. : Fr.) P. Kumm. C. vibecina (Fr.) Quél. Clitopilus prunulus (Scop. : Fr.) P. Kumm.
+ u + +
+ + + +
u + + + + + u + u u
103
5 BURZAKOV, 1930 SOMF; unpublished BURZAKOV, 1931; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF BURZAKOV, 1931; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF unpublished unpublished GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 BURZAKOV, 1931 VANEV & REID, 1986; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF VANEV & REID, 1986 BURZAKOV, 1926a GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 VANEV & REID, 1986; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998 STOICHEV, 1982 HINKOVA et al., 1979; BOGOEV & GYOSHEVA, 1987; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF BURZAKOV, 1928; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; SOMF BURZAKOV, 1931 HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF SOMF; unpublished GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 VANEV & REID, 1986 HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF VANEV & REID, 1986; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF
104
C. DENCHEV 1
2 3 4
Collybia cirrhata (Schumach. : Fr.) P. Kumm. C. cookei (Bres.) J.D. Arnold
u + +
Coltricia cinnamomea (Jacq.) Murrill C. perennis (L. : Fr.) Murrill
+ + +
Conocybe filaris (Fr.) Kühner C. pubescens (Gillet) Kühner C. subovalis Kühner & Watling Coprinus atramentarius (Bull. : Fr.) Fr. C. comatus (O.F. Müll. : Fr.) Pers. C. micaceus (Bull. : Fr.) Fr. C. picaceus (Bull. : Fr.) Gray C. plicatilis (Curtis : Fr.) Fr.
+ + + u u
u + + +
C. silvaticus Peck Coriolopsis trogii (Berk.) Domañski Cortinarius aereus Rob. Henry C. allutus Fr.
+ u u + +
C. anomalus (Fr.) Fr.
+ + +
C. aureoturbinatus (Secr. ex M.M. Moser) J.E. Lange C. bivelus (Fr. : Fr.) Fr. C. bovinus Fr. C. brunneus (Pers. : Fr.) Fr. C. bulliardii (Pers. : Fr.) Fr. C. caerulescens (Schaeff. : Fr.) Fr. C. caesiocanescens M.M. Moser C. calochrous (Pers. : Fr.) Gray C. casimiri (Velen.) Huijsman (C. subsertipes Romagn.) C. cinnabarinnus Fr. (Dermocybe cinnabarina (Fr.) Wünsche) C. cinnamomeoluteus P.D. Orton C. cinnamomeus (L. : Fr.) Fr. (Dermocybe cinnamomea (L.) M.M. Moser)
+ u u + u + + + u + + + + u +
C. cotîneus Fr. C. crassus Fr. C. croceus (Schaef. : Fr.) Gray (Dermocybe crocea (Schaeff.) M.M. Moser, D. cinnamomeobadia (Rob. Henry) M.M. Moser) C. crystallinus Fr. C. cyaneus (Bres.) M.M. Moser C. decipiens (Pers. : Fr.) Fr.
u +
+ + u +
+ u + +
u + +
5 GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987a; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996 STOICHEV, 1982 BURZAKOV, 1936; STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; SOMF GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 HINKOVA et al., 1979 GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 unpublished SOMF; unpublished STOICHEV, 1982 STOICHEV, 1982 STOICHEV, 1981; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF SOMF; unpublished STOICHEV, 1983 HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b BURZAKOV, 1928; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979 HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996, GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF GYOSHEVA, 1998 GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 unpublished HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF BURZAKOV, 1931
Fungi 1 C. delibutus Fr. C. duracinus Fr. C. elegantior (Fr.) Fr. C. erythrinus (Fr.) Fr. C. evernius (Fr.) Fr. C. flavopallidus (M.M. Moser) M.M. Moser C. fulgens (Alb. & Schwein.) Fr. C. gentilis (Fr. : Fr.) Fr. C. glaucescens (Jul. Schäff.) M.M. Moser C. glaucopus (Schaeff. : Fr.) Fr.
2 3 4
5
u u + u +
SOMF; unpublished HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF GYOSHEVA, 1998 HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF unpublished GYOSHEVA, 1998 STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 SOMF; unpublished STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b; SOMF SOMF; unpublished SOMF; unpublished HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF BURZAKOV, 1931; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF VANEV & REID, 1986 STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b BURZAKOV, 1939 GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b unpublished STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b; SOMF VANEV & REID, 1986 GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 GYOSHEVA, 1998 HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF GYOSHEVA, 1998
+ + + u + + + + +
C. hemitrichus (Pers. : Fr.) Fr. C. hinnuleus (Sowerby) Fr. C. impennis Fr. C. incisus (Pers. : Fr.) Fr. C. infractus (Pers.) Fr. C. isabellinus (Batsch.) Fr. C. largus Fr. (C. nemorensis (Fr.) J.E. Lange) C. lilacinopes Britzelm. C. magicus Eichhorn C. mucosus (Bull. : Fr.) Cooke C. multiformis (Fr.) Fr. C. muricinus Fr. C. mussivus (Fr.) Melot (C. russeus Rob. Henry) C. obtusus (Fr. : Fr.) Fr.
u + u u u + + u +
+ + + +
+ + u +
C. odorifer Britzelm.
+
C. olearioides Rob. Henry (C. subfulgens P.D. Orton) + C. opimus Fr. u C. orellanus (Fr.) Fr. C. penicillatus Fr. C. percomis Fr. C. purpurascens (Fr. : Fr.) Fr. C. rufo-olivaceus (Pers. : Fr.) Fr. C. sanquineus (Wulfen : Fr.) Fr. (Dermocybe sanguinea (Wulfen) Wünsche) C. saturninus (Fr. : Fr.) Fr. C. sebaceus Fr. C. spilomeus (Fr. : Fr.) Fr. C. stemmatus Fr.
105
+
+ + u + + u + u + + +
SOMF; unpublished HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF GYOSHEVA, 1998 STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b; SOMF
106
C. DENCHEV 1
C. suaveolens Bataille & Joachim C. subferrugineus (Batsch) Fr. C. torvus (Fr. : Fr.) Fr. C. traganus (Fr.) Fr. C. trivialis J.E. Lange C. tubarius Ammirati & A.H. Sm. (C. sphagneti P.D. Orton) C. uraceus Fr. C. valgus Fr. (C. camurus Fr.) C. variecolor (Pers. : Fr.) Fr. C. varius (Schaeff. : Fr.) Fr.
2 3 4 + + u + + u + +
STOICHEV, 1982 BURZAKOV, 1931 STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF GYOSHEVA, 1998 HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF GYOSHEVA & GANEVA, 2004
+ + u + u +
HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF BURZAKOV, 1931 HINKOVA et al., 1979 GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 SOMF; unpublished SOMF; unpublished GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 unpublished unpublished BURZAKOV, 1931 GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996 unpublished unpublished HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF
C. venetus (Fr. : Fr.) Fr. C. vernalis Rob. Henry C. vibratilis (Fr. : Fr.) Fr. Cotylidia pannosa (Sowerby : Fr.) Reid Craterellus cornucopioides (L. : Fr.) Pers. Crepidotus mollis (Schaeff. : Fr.) Staude Crucibulum laeve (Huds. : Pers.) Kambly Cyathus olla (Batsch : Pers.) Pers. C. striatus (Huds. : Pers.) Hoffm. Cystoderma amiantinum (Scop. : Fr.) Fayod
+ u u + +
C. carcharias (Pers.) Fayod
+ +
u u + u u +
C. cinnabarinum (Alb. & Schwein.) Fayod (C. terreyi (Berk. & Broome) Harmaja) C. granulosum (Batsch : Fr.) Fayod
+ +
Dacrymyces stillatus Nees. : Fr.
u +
D. tortus Fr. Datronia mollis (Sommerf. : Fr.) Donk Dichomitus campestris (Quél.) Domañski & Orlicz Diplomitoporus flavescens (Bres.) Domañski Entoloma clypeatum (L.) P. Kumm. E. conferendum (Britzelm.) Noordel. E. hebes (Romagn.) Trimbach E. hirtipes (Schumach. : Fr.) M.M. Moser E. juncinum (Kühner & Romagn.) Noordel.
5
+ +
+ u + u u + u + + u
STOICHEV, 1982; BOGOEV & GYOSHEVA, 1987; GYOSHEVA, 1998; SOMF GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 GYOSHEVA, 1998 unpublished STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF SOMF; unpublished SOMF; unpublished STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b; SOMF STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b; SOMF GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 SOMF; unpublished
Fungi 1 E. mammosum (L.) Hesler E. rhodopolium (Fr. : Fr.) P. Kumm. E. sinuatum (Bull. : Fr.) P. Kumm. Erytricium hypnophilum (P. Karst.) J. Erikss. & Hjortstam Flammulina velutipes (Curtis : Fr.) Singer Fomes fomentarius (L. : Fr.) J.J. Kickx Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw. : Fr.) P. Karst.
2 3 4 u + u + u + u + +
F. rosea (Alb. & Schwein. : Fr.) P. Karst. Funalia trogii (Berk.) Bondartsev & Singer Galerina hypnorum (Schrank : Fr.) Kühner
u +
G. marginata (Batsch : Fr.) Kühner
+ +
G. paludosa (Fr.) Kühner G. pumila (Pers. : Fr.) M. Lange G. stylifera (G.F. Atk.) A.H. Sm. & Singer Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat. G. lipsiense (Batsch) G.F. Atk. G. lucidum (Curtis : Fr.) P. Karst. Geastrum coronatum Pers. : Pers. (G. limbatum Fr.)
+ + +
G. fimbriatum Fr. G. minimum Schwein. G. quadrifidum Pers. : Pers.
+ u
u u u u + +
+ + + + +
G. rufescens Pers. : Pers.
+ +
G. triplex Jungh. Gerronema strombodes (Berk. & Mont.) Singer Gloeophyllum abietinum (Bull. : Fr.) P. Karst.
u u + +
G. odoratum (Wulfen : Fr.) Imazeki (Osmoporus odoratus (Wulfen) Singer) G. sepiarium (Wulfen : Fr.) P. Karst.
u u
Gloeoporus pannocinctus (Romell) J. Erikss. Gomphidius glutinosus (Schaeff. : Fr.) Fr.
+ + +
+ +
107
5 SOMF; unpublished HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF SOMF; unpublished REID & VANEV, 1984 STOICHEV, 1982 unpublished BURZAKOV, 1931, 1936; STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF STOICHEV, 1981 SOMF; unpublished GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998 VANEV & REID, 1986; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 GYOSHEVA & GANEVA, 2004 BURZAKOV, 1931 BURZAKOV, 1931 SOMF; unpublished unpublished SOMF; unpublished BURZAKOV, 1939; HINKOVA, 1961; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF PILÁT, 1937; STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b; SOMF GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF CHALUKOV, 1978; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF SOMF; unpublished SOMF; unpublished BURZAKOV, 1931; GYOSHEVA, 1998 SOMF; unpublished BURZAKOV, 1931, GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 STOICHEV, 1987 BURZAKOV, 1931, VANEV & REID, 1986; GYOSHEVA & ZAI-
108
C. DENCHEV 1
2 3 4
G. roseus (Fr. : Fr.) Gillet + Guepinia helvelloides (DC. : Fr.) Fr. u + (Tremiscus helvelloides (DC.) Donk) Gymnopilus hibridus (Fr. : Fr.) Maire + G. junonius (Fr. : Fr.) P.D. Orton u + (G. spectabilis sensu Smith) Gymnopus acervatus (Fr. : Fr.) Murrill + (Collybia acervata (Fr.) P. Kumm.) G. confluens (Pers. : Fr.) Antonín, Halling & Noordel. + (Collybia confluens (Pers.) P. Kumm., C. ingrata (Schum. : Fr.) Quél.) G. dryophilus (Bull. : Fr.) Murrill + + + (Collybia dryophila (Bull.) P. Kumm.)
G. fusipes (Bull. : Fr.) Gray (Collybia fusipes (Bull.) Quél.) G. ocior (Pers.) Antonín & Noordel. (Collybia succinea (Fr.) Quél.) G. peronatus (Bolton : Fr.) Antonín, Halling & Noordel. (Collybia peronata (Bolton) P. Kumm.) Gyroporus castaneus (Bull. : Fr.) Quel. G. cyanescens (Bull. : Fr.) Quel. Haasiella venustissima (Fr.) Kotl. & Pouzar Handkea excipuliformis (Scop. : Pers.) Kreisel H. utriformis (Bull. : Pers.) Kreisel
+ u
+ u u u + u
Hapalopilus nidulans (Fr. : Fr.) P. Karst. Hebeloma birrum (Fr.) Sacc. H. crustuliniforme (Bull. : Fr.) Quél. H. fastibile (Pers. : Fr.) P. Kumm. H. fusipes Bres. H. longicaudum (Pers. : Fr.) P. Kumm. H. mesophaeum (Pers.) Fr.
+ + + + + + + + + +
H. pumilum J.E. Lange H. sinapizans (Paulet) Gillet H. truncatum (Schaeff.) P. Kumm. Hemimycena lactea (Pers. : Fr.) Singer Hericium cirrhatum (Pers. : Fr.) Nikol. (Creolophus cirrhatus (Pres.) P. Karst.) H. erinaceum (Bull. : Fr.) Pers. (Dryodon erinaceus (Bull.) P. Karst.)
+ u + u + u +
u
5 MOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF KLIKA, 1926 GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 STOICHEV, 1982 STOICHEV, 1982 STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF
HINKOVA et al., 1979; BOGOEV & GYOSHEVA, 1987; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF
+
HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF
+
HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF
+ + +
+ u
STOICHEV, 1982 STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF GYOSHEVA, 2000 unpublished GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982 STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF BURZAKOV, 1929 HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF SOMF; unpublished GYOSHEVA, 1998 STOICHEV, 1982 STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF
Fungi 1
2 3 4
5
+
STOICHEV, 1981; KUTHAN & KOTLABA, 1989; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF unpublished SOMF; unpublished unpublished HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 BURZAKOV, 1931; HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF STOICHEV, 1979 VANEV & REID, 1986; SOMF
Heterobasidion annosum (Fr. : Fr.) Bref.
Hohenbuehelia petaloides (Bull. : Fr.) Schulzer Hydnopolyporus fimbriatus (Fr. : Fr.) D.A. Reid Hydropus marginellus (Pers.) Singer Hydnellum aurantiacum (Batsch : Fr.) P. Kasrt. H. ferrugineum (Fr. : Fr.) P. Karst.
u u u + +
H. suaveolens (Scop. : Fr.) P. Karst.
+ u
Hydnum repandum L. : Fr.
+ +
H. repandum L. : Fr. f. albidum (Peck) Nikol. Hygrocybe acutoconica (Clem.) Singer (Hygrophorus acutoconicus (Clem.) Singer) H. cantharellus (Schwein. : Fr.) Murrill
109
+ + + u
H. ceracea (Fr. : Fr.) P. Kumm. H. conica (Schaeff. : Fr.) P. Kumm.
+ + +
H. miniata (Fr. : Fr.) P. Kumm. H. nigrescens (Quél.) Kühner H. persistens (Britzelm.) Singer var. persistens H. psittacina (Schaeff. : Fr.) P. Kumm. H. punicea (Fr. : Fr.) P. Kumm.
u + u + + +
H. virginea (Wulfen : Fr.) P.D. Orton & Watling (Camarophyllus niveus (Scop.) Wünsche)
+ +
Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca (Wulfen : Fr.) Maire Hygrophorus agathosmus (Fr.) Fr.
+ + +
H. arbustivus Fr. H. aureus Arrh. H. chrysodon (Batsch : Fr.) Fr.
+
H. eburneus (Bull. : Fr.) Fr. H. erubescens (Fr. : Fr.) Fr.
+ + + +
H. gliocyclus Fr.
+
+ +
GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF GYOSHEVA & GANEVA, 2004 HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 unpublished HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF unpublished GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA, 2000; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF BURZAKOV, 1936 HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF BURZAKOV, 1929 STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF
110
C. DENCHEV 1
2 3 4
5
H. hypothejus (Fr. : Fr.) Fr. H. marzuolus (Fr. : Fr.) Bres. H. nemoreus (Pers.) Fr. H. olivaceoalbus (Fr. : Fr.) Fr. H. poetarum R. Heim H. pudorinus (Fr. : Fr.) Fr.
u u + + + + + + + +
H. pustulatus (Pers.) Fr. H. queletii Bres. H. russula (Fr. : Fr.) Kauffman Hypholoma capnoides (Fr. : Fr.) P. Kumm.
+ + + + +
H. elongatum (Pers. : Fr.) Ricken (Psilocybe elongata (Pers.) J.E. Lange) H. fasciculare (Huds. : Fr.) Quél.
+
HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF KUTHAN & KOTLABA, 1989 HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979 STOICHEV, 1982 HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; SOMF GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF GYOSHEVA & GANEVA, 2004
H. myosotis (Fr. : Fr.) M. Lange (Pholiota myosotis (Fr.) Singer) H. radicosum J.E. Lange H. sublateritium (Schaeff.) Quél. Hypsizygus ulmarius (Bull. : Fr.) Redhead (Lyophyllum ulmarium (Bull.) Kühner) Inocybe abietis Kühner I. acuta Boud. (I. acutella Bon) I. assimilata Britzelm. I. asterospora (Quél.) Quél. I. brunnea Quél.
+
GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF GYOSHEVA & GANEVA, 2004
+ + + + u
VANEV & REID, 1986 HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF
+ +
VANEV & REID, 1986 GYOSHEVA & GANEVA, 2004 GYOSHEVA, 1998 SOMF; unpublished STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b; SOMF STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b; SOMF GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 SOMF; unpublished STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; SOMF GYOSHEVA, 1998 GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b SOMF; unpublished
+ +
+ u + u
I. calospora Quél.
+
I. cervicolor (Pers.) Quél. I. cincinnata (Fr. : Fr.) Quél.
+ + u
I. curvipes P. Karst. (I. boltonii R. Heim) I. dulcamara (Alb. & Schwein.) Quél.
u + +
I. fuscidula Velen. I. geophylla (Sowerby : Fr.) P. Kumm. var. geophylla
I. geophylla var. lilacina (Peck) Gillet I. glabripes Ricken (I. microspora J.E. Lange) I. godeyi Gillet
+ u +
+ + u u
Fungi 1
2 3 4
I. jacobi Kühner
+
I. lacera (Fr. : Fr.) P. Kumm.
+
I. leptocystis G.F. Atk. I. malenconi R. Heim I. napipes J.E. Lange I. oblectabilis (Britzelm.) Sacc.
+ +
I. obscura (Pers.) Gillet
+
I. posterula (Britzelm.) Sacc.
u +
I. praetervisa Quél. I. pyriodora (Pers.) P. Kumm. I. rimosa (Bull. : Fr.) P. Kumm. (I. fastigiata (Schaeff.) Quél., I. obsoleta Romagn.)
+
+
+
u u u + +
I. sindonia (Fr.) P. Karst. (I. commutabilis Furrer-Ziogas) I. subbrunnea Kühner
+ +
I. whitei (Berk. & Broome) Sacc (I. pudica Kühner) Inonotus hastifer Pouzar I. radiatus (Sowerby : Fr.) P. Karst. Ischnoderma benzoinum (Wahlenb. : Fr.) P. Karst. I. resinosum (Schrad. : Fr.) P. Karst. Kuehneromyces mutabilis (Schaeff. : Fr.) Singer & A.H. Sm. Laccaria amethystina Cooke
u + + u +
L. laccata (Scop. : Fr.) Fr.
u + u
L. tortilis (Bolton) Cooke Lacrymaria lacrymabunda (Bull. : Fr.) Pat. (P. lacrymabunda (Bull.) M.M. Moser) Lactarius aurantiacus (Pers. : Fr.) Gray (L. mitissimus (Fr.) Fr.)
+ u +
L. azonites (Bull.) Fr. L. badiosanguineus Kühner & Romagn. L. blennius (Fr. : Fr.) Fr. L. bresadolianus Singer
+ +
+
+ +
+ u + + u + +
111
5 STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b; SOMF STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979 VANEV & REID, 1986 GYOSHEVA & GANEVA, 2004 HINKOVA et al., 1979, GYOSHEVA, 1998; SOMF GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; SOMF GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF SOMF; unpublished STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; SOMF STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b; SOMF STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982 STOICHEV, 1982 SOMF; unpublished STOICHEV, 1987 SOMF; unpublished STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996 STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF STOICHEV, 1979 STOICHEV, 1982 HINKOVA et al., 1979; VANEV & REID, 1986; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF
112
C. DENCHEV 1
2 3 4
L. camphoratus (Bull. : Fr.) Fr.
+ +
L. chrysorrheus Fr. L. controversus (Pers. : Fr.) Fr. L. decipiens Quél. L. deliciosus (L. : Fr.) Gray
+ u + u + +
L. deterrimus Gröger
u +
L. fuliginosus (Fr. : Fr.) Fr.
u +
L. helvus (Fr. : Fr.) Fr. L. hysginus (Fr. : Fr.) Fr. L. insulsus (Fr. : Fr.) Fr. L. musteus Fr. L. necator (Bull. : Fr.) Pers. L. pallidus (Pers. : Fr.) Fr. L. picinus Fr. L. piperatus (L. : Fr.) Pers. (L. pergamenus sensu auct.) L. pyrogalus (Bull. : Fr.) Fr. L. rufus (Scop. : Fr.) Fr.
u + + + + + + u u + u u + u + +
L. sanguifluus (Paulet) Fr. L. scrobiculatus (Scop. : Fr.) Fr.
L. uvidus (Fr. : Fr.) Fr. L. vellereus (Fr. : Fr.) Fr. L. vietus (Fr. : Fr.) Fr. L. violascens (J. Otto) Fr. L. volemus (Fr. : Fr.) Fr. L. zonarioides Kühner & Romagn. L. zonarius (Bull.) Fr. Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull. : Fr.) Murrill Langermannia gigantea (Batsch : Pers.) Rostk. Laurilia sulcata (Burt) Pouzar (Stereum sulcatum Burt.) Leccinum aurantiacum (Bull.) Gray L. carpini (Schulzer) M.M. Moser ex D.A. Reid L. crocipodium (Letell.) Watling L. duriusculum (Schulzer) Singer L. scabrum (Bull. : Fr.) Gray Lentinellus cochleatus Hoffm. : Fr. L. omphalodes (Fr.) P. Karst. Lentinus adhaerens (Alb. & Schwein. : Fr.) Fr.
+ + u +
+ + + + u u u + + u + u u u u u + + + u u u u u + +
5 BURZAKOV, 1931; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982 SOMF; unpublished GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998 GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; SOMF GYOSHEVA, 1998 GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996 HINKOVA et al., 1979 BURZAKOV, 1931, 1939 HINKOVA et al., 1979 SOMF; unpublished GYOSHEVA, 1998; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982 STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 HINKOVA, 1965, GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982 STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF GYOSHEVA & GANEVA, 2004 unpublished SOMF; unpublished GYOSHEVA, 1998 STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF SOMF; unpublished SOMF; unpublished SOMF; unpublished STOICHEV, 1982 STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF SOMF; unpublished SOMF; unpublished SOMF; unpublished SOMF; unpublished STOICHEV, 1979 STOICHEV, 1979
Fungi 1 Lenzites betulina (L. : Fr.) Fr. Lepiota aspera (Pers. : Fr.) Quél (L. acutesquasmosa (Weinm.) P. Kumm.) L. boudieri Guég. (L. fulvella Rea) L. brunneoincarnata Chodat & C. Martin L. clypeolaria (Bull. : Fr.) P. Kumm.
2 3 4 u u + u + + + u
L. cristata (Bolton : Fr.) P. Kumm. + L. erminea (Fr. : Fr.) P. Kumm. (L. alba (Bres.) Sacc.) + L. magnispora Murrill (L. ventriosospora D.A. Reid) + L. oreadiformis Velen. u Lepista flaccida (Sowerby : Fr.) Pat. + + + (L. gilva (Pers. : Fr.) Roze)
L. inversa (Scop. : Fr.) Pat. (Clitocybe inversa (Scop.) Quél.) L. nuda (Bull. : Fr.) Cooke
u + u
L. sordida (Fr. : Fr.) Singer u Leucocortinarius bulbiger (Alb. & Schwein. : Fr.) Singer + Leucogyrophana mollusca (Fr. : Fr.) Pouzar + L. pinastri (Fr. : Fr.) Ginns & Weresub + Leucopaxillus amarus (Alb. & Schwein. : Fr.) Kühner u u L. compactus (Fr.) Neuhoff + L. gentianeus (Quél.) Kotl. + u L. giganteus (Sowerby : Fr.) Singer + + u
L. paradoxus (Costantin & L.M. Dufour) Boursier
u +
Lichenomphalia umbellifera (L. : Fr.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys (Omphalina ericetorum (Pers. : Fr.) M. Lange) Limacella glioderma (Fr.) Maire Lycoperdon decipiens Durieu & Mont. L. echinatum Pers. : Pers. L. lividum Pers. (L. spadiceum Pers.) L. mammiforme Pers. L. molle Pers. : Pers.
+
+ u + + + + u +
L. muscorum Morgan
+ + u
113
5 SOMF; unpublished STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF SOMF; unpublished HINKOVA et al., 1979 HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982 STOICHEV, 1982 HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF SOMF; unpublished BURZAKOV, 1931; HINKOVA et al., 1979; VANEV & REID, 1986; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 SOMF; unpublished STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF SOMF; unpublished GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 STOICHEV, 1979; SOMF SOMF; unpublished STOICHEV & STEFANOV, 1983 HINKOVA et al., 1979 HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF GYOSHEVA, 1998; SOMF
GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 CHALUKOV, 1978; SOMF BURZAKOV, 1929 CHALUKOV, 1978 BURZAKOV, 1931 GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF CHALUKOV, 1982; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; SOMF
114
C. DENCHEV 1
2 3 4
5
L. perlatum Pers. : Pers.
u + u
L. pyriforme Schaeff. : Pers.
+ +
STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF KLIKA, 1926; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; SOMF VANEV & REID, 1986; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; SOMF unpublished HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF STOICHEV, 1979; SOMF BURZAKOV, 1939 BURZAKOV, 1939; HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA, & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982 GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000
L. umbrinum Pers. : Pers.
+
Lyophyllum connatum (Schumah. : Fr.) Singer
+ +
L. decastes (Fr. : Fr.) Singer L. fumosum (Pers. : Fr.) P.D. Orton L. loricatum (Fr.) Kühner ex Kalamees Macrolepiota excoriata (Schaeff. : Fr.) Wasser M. mastoidea (Fr. : Fr.) Singer (M. gracilenta (Krombh.) Wasser)
u + u + + + + + +
M. procera (Scop. : Fr.) Singer
u +
M. rachodes (Vittad.) Singer Macrotyphula fistulosa (Holmsk. : Fr.) R.H. Petersen Marasmiellus perforans (Hoffm. : Fr.) Antonín, Halling & Noordel. (Micromphale perforans (Hoffm.) Gray) Marasmius alliaceus (Jacq. : Fr.) Fr. M. androsaceus (L. : Fr.) Fr.
u + + +
M. oreades (Balton : Fr.) Fr.
u + u
M. scorodonius (Fr. : Fr.) Fr.
+ +
M. splachnoides (Hornem) Fr. M. torquescens Quél. Megacollybia platyphylla (Pers. : Fr.) Kotl. & Pouzar Melanoleuca brevipes (Büll. : Fr.) Pat. M. evenosa (Sacc.) Konrad & Maubl. Ì. grammopodia (Bull. : Fr.) Murrill M. melaleuca (Pers. : Fr.) Murrill Merulius tremellosus Schrad. : Fr. Mutinus caninus (Huds. : Pers.) Fr. Mycena alcalina (Fr. : Fr.) P. Kumm.
+ + u +
u + + +
+ + + + + u + +
STOICHEV, 1982 STOICHEV, 1982; BOGOEV & GYOSHEVA, 1987; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF BURZAKOV, 1931; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF BURZAKOV, 1932 STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF VANEV & REID, 1986 BURZAKOV, 1931 GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982 GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000
Fungi 1
2 3 4
5
+
GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 GYOSHEVA & GANEVA, 2004 unpublished STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996 GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; GYOSHEVA & GANEVA, 2004 unpublished BOGOEV & GYOSHEVA, 1987; STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b; SOMF BOGOEV & GYOSHEVA, 1987; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF unpublished STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; SOMF STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 SOMF; unpublished unpublished BURZAKOV, 1931 BURZAKOV, 1931 SOMF; unpublished HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF BURZAKOV, 1931 HINKOVA et al., 1979 SOMF; unpublished
M. cinerella (P. Karst.) P. Karst. M. concolor (J.E. Lange) Kühner M. crocata (Schrad. : Fr.) Fr. M. epipterygia (Scop. : Fr.) Gray var. epipterygia
+ u
M. epipterygia var. viscosa (Secr. ex Maire) Ricken (M. viscosa Maire)
+ +
M. flavoalba (Fr.) Quél. M. galericulata (Scop. : Fr.) Gray
+ u +
+
M. maculata P. Karst. M. megaspora Kauffman (M. uracea A. Pearson)
+ +
M. pelianthina (Fr. : Fr.) Quél. M. polygramma (Bull. : Fr.) Gray
u +
M. pura (Pers. : Fr.) Sacc.
+ +
M. rosea (Bull.) Gramberg M. rosella (Fr. : Fr.) P. Kumm.
u
M. stylobates (Pers. : Fr.) P. Kumm. M. zephirus (Fr. : Fr.) P. Kumm. Mycenastrum corium (Guers.) Desv. Myxomphalia maura (Fr. : Fr.) Hora Naucoria cerodes (Fr.) P. Kumm. N. escharioides (Fr. : Fr.) P. Kumm. Neolentinus lepideus (Fr. : Fr.) Redhead & Ginns Omphalina pyxidata (Bull. : Fr.) Quél. Oudemansiella mucida (Schrad. : Fr.) Höhn. Panaeolus acuminatus (Schaeff.) Quél. P. fimiputris (Bull. : Fr.) Quél. P. semiovatus (With. : Fr.) S. Lundell & Nannf. (Anellaria semiovata (Sowerby : Fr.) A. Pearson & Dennis) P. sphinctrinus (Fr.) Quél.
115
+
+
+ + u u + + u + u + + + + u
+ +
HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF
116
C. DENCHEV 1
2 3 4
Panellus serotinus (Schrad. : Fr.) J.G. Kühner P. stipticus (Pull. : Fr.) P. Karst. Paxillus atrotomentosus (Batsch : Fr.) Fr.
u u u + +
P. involutus (Batsch : Fr.) Fr. Peniophora incarnata (Pers. : Fr.) P. Karst. Phaeolepiota aurea (Matt. : Fr.) Maire Phaeolus schweinitzii (Fr. : Fr.) Pat. Phaeomarasmius erinaceus (Pers. : Fr.) Romagn.
+ + + u u + + +
Phellinus conchatus (Pers. : Fr.) Quél. Ph. contiquus (Pers. : Fr.) Pat. Ph. ferruginosus (Schrad. : Fr.) Bourdot & Galzin Ph. hartigii (Allesch. & Schnabl) Pat.
+
Ph. igniarius (L. : Fr.) Quél. Ph. nigrolimitatus (Romell) Bourdot & Galzin
+ u +
Ph. pini (Brot. : Fr.) Bondartsev & Singer Ph. robustus (P. Karst.) Bourdot & Galzin Ph. torulosus (Pers. : Fr.) Bourdot & Galzin Phellodon melaleucus (Fr. : Fr.) P. Karst. Ph. tomentosus (L. : Fr.) Banker
+ +
+ + u u + +
Phlebia radiata Fr. : Fr. (Ph. merismoides (Fr. : Fr.) Fr.) + Pholiota astragalina (Fr. : Fr.) Singer u Ph. flammans (Batsch : Fr.) P. Kumm. + +
Ph. flavida (Schaeff. : Fr.) Singer Ph. highlandensis (Peck) A.H. Sm. & Hesler (Ph. carbonaria (Fr. : Fr.) Singer) Ph. lenta (Pers. : Fr.) Singer Ph. lucifera (Lasch) Quél. Ph. spumosa (Fr. : Fr.) Singer Ph. squarrosa (Weigel : Fr.) P. Kumm.
Phylloporia ribis (Schumach. : Fr.) Ryvarden (Phellinus ribis (Schumach. : Fr.) Quél. f. jasmini Quél.) Phyllotopsis nidulans (Pers. : Fr.) Singer Piptoporus betulinus (Bull. : Fr.) P. Karst.
+ u + u + u +
+ u
+ u
+ u u
5 SOMF; unpublished SOMF; unpublished BURZAKOV, 1929; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF GYOSHEVA, 1998; SOMF PILÁT, 1937 SOMF; unpublished KUTHAN & KOTLABA, 1989 BURZAKOV, 1931; STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982, 1995b; SOMF STOICHEV, 1995b STOICHEV, 1995b DIMITROV, 1926; STOICHEV, 1995b STOICHEV, 1995b; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982, 1995b; STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1982 BURZAKOV, 1931; STOICHEV, 1995b STOICHEV, 1995b SOMF; unpublished BURZAKOV, 1931 HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; SOMF GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 SOMF; unpublished STOICHEV, 1982; BOGOEV & GYOSHEVA, 1987; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF SOMF; unpublished STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b BURZAKOV, 1931; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF
STOICHEV, 1982 SOMF; unpublished
Fungi 1 Pisolithus arhizus (Pers. : Pers.) Rauschert Pleurocybella porrigens (Pers. : Fr.) Singer Pleurotellus chioneus (Pers.) Kühner Pleurotus dryinus (Pers. : Fr.) P. Kumm. P. ostreatus (Jacq. : Fr.) P. Kumm. Plicaturopsis crispa (Pers. : Fr.) D.A. Reid Pluteus atromarginatus (Konrad) Kühner
P. cervinus (Schaeff.) P. Kumm. var. cervinus P. leoninus (Schaeff. : Fr.) P. Kumm. P. ephebeus (Fr.) Gillet (P. lepiotoides A. Pearson) P. pellitus (Pers. : Fr.) P. Kumm. P. petasatus (Fr.) Gillet
2 3 4 u + u u u u + +
u + + u +
P. romellii (Britzelm.) Sacc. P. roseipes Höhn. Polyporus arcularius (Batsch : Fr.) Fr. P. tuberaster (Jacq. : Fr.) Fr. P. varius (Pers. : Fr.) Fr. Postia caesia (Schrad. : Fr.) P. Karst. (Tyromyces caesius (Schrad.) Murrill) P. fragilis (Fr. : Fr.) Jülich (Tyromyces fragilis (Fr.) Donk.) P. placenta (Fr.) M.J. Larsen & Lombard (Poria placenta (Fr.) Cooke) P. stiptica (Pers. : Fr.) Jülich (Tyromyces stipticus (Pers.) Kotl. & Pouzar) Psathyrella candolleana (Fr. : Fr.) Maire P. multipedata (Peck) A.H. Sm. P. spadicea (Schaeff. : Fr.) Singer Pseudoclitocybe cyathiformis (Bull. : Fr.) Singer Pseudohydnum gelatinosum (Scop. : Fr.) P. Karst.
+ + u u u u + + +
117
5 SOMF; unpublished BURZAKOV, 1931 SOMF; unpublished SOMF; unpublished unpublished unpublished VANEV & REID, 1986; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 unpublished STOICHEV, 1982 BURZAKOV, 1931 unpublished HINKOVA et al., 1979; STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b; SOMF STOICHEV, 1981 SOMF; unpublished unpublished SOMF; unpublished GYOSHEVA, 1998 STOICHEV, 1982 STOICHEV, 1981
+ + u u u + +
Pycnoporus cinnabarinus (Jacq. : Fr.) Fr. Ramaria abietina (Pers. : Fr.) Quél. (R. ochraceovirens (Jungh.) Donk)
u + + +
R. aurea (Schaeff. : Fr.) Quél.
u +
R. botrytis (Pers. : Fr.) Ricken R. flava (Schaeff. : Fr.) Quél.
u + + +
R. formosa (Pers. : Fr.) Quél. R. gracilis (Pers. : Fr.) Quél.
u +
u
BURZAKOV, 1931; GYOSHEVA, 1998; SOMF unpublished unpublished unpublished STOICHEV, 1982 GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 unpublished STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b; KUTHAN & KOTLABA, 1989; GYOSHEVA, 1998 STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 STOICHEV, 1982 BURZAKOV, 1931; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 SOMF; unpublished HINKOVA et al., 1979
118
C. DENCHEV 1
R. pallida (Schaeff.) Ricken R. stricta (Pers. : Fr.) Quél. R. fennica (P. Karst.) Ricken var. griseolilacina Schild (R. versatilis Quél.) Rhizopogon luteolus Fr. R. roseolus (Corda) Th. Fr. Rhodocollybia butyracea (Bull. : Fr.) Lennox f. butyracea (Collybia butyracea (Bull.) P. Kumm.)
2 3 4
5
+ u u
HINKOVA et al., 1979 unpublished unpublished
+ + + + +
GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 BURZAKOV, 1931 HINKOVA et al., 1979; BOGOEV & GYOSHEVA, 1987; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998 BURZAKOV, 1931; GYOSHEVA, 1998 STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA, 1998; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979 STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF BURZAKOV, 1936, 1939 HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; VANEV & REID, 1986 HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982 SOMF; unpublished SOMF; unpublished unpublished GYOSHEVA, 1998; SOMF BURZAKOV, 1931 unpublished BURZAKOV, 1939 BURZAKOV, 1939; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; SOMF SOMF; unpublished SOMF; unpublished GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF BURZAKOV, 1926à; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF
R. butyracea f. asema (Fr. : Fr.) Antonín, Halling & + + Noordel. (Collybia asema (Fr.) Gillet) R. maculata (Alb. & Schwein. : Fr.) Singer + (Collybia maculata (Alb. & Schwein.) P. Kumm.) Ricknella fibula (Bull. : Fr.) Raithelh. + Rozites caperatus (Pers. : Fr.) P. Karst. + Russula adusta (Pers. : Fr.) Fr. + R. aeruginea Fr. u + R. albonigra (Krombh.) Fr.
+
R. alutacea (Fr. : Fr.) Fr. R. atropurpurea (Krombh.) Britzelm.
u + + +
R. aurea Pers. R. azurea Bres. R. badia Quél. R. brunneoviolacea Crawshay R. caerulea (Pers.) Fr. R. consobrina (Fr. : Fr.) Fr. R. cyanoxantha (Schaeff.) Fr. R. decolorans (Fr. : Fr.) Fr. R. delica Fr.
u + u u u + + u + + +
R. denisifolia Gillet
+ +
R. emetica (Schaeff. : Fr.) Pers. R. fellea (Fr. : Fr.) Fr. R. foetens (Pers. : Fr.) Fr.
u u u u + u
R. fragilis (Pers. : Fr.) Fr.
+ +
R. grata Britzelm. (R. laurocerasi Melzer)
u
u
+
Fungi 1
119
2 3 4
5
R. heterophylla (Fr. : Fr.) Fr. R. integra (L.) Fr. R. lutea (Huds. : Fr.) S.F. Gray
+ + + + + u
R. luteotacta Rea R. maculata Quél. & Roze R. melliolens Quél. R. mustelina Fr. R. nauseosa (Pers.) Fr.
u u
R. nigricans (Bull.) Fr. R. ochroleuca (Pers.) Fr.
+ + + u
R. olivacea (Schaeff.) Fr.
u + +
R. paludosa Britzelm. R. parazurea Jul. Schäff. R. persicina Krombh. R. pseudointegra Arnaud & Goris
+ u u u
R. puellaris Fr.
u + u
R. pulchella I.G. Borshch. R. pungens Beardslee R. queletii Fr.
u + + +
R. risigallina (Batsch) Sacc. (R. lutea f. luteorosella Britzelm.) R. rosea Pers.
+
BURZAKOV, 1931 GYOSHEVA, 1998; SOMF GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF SOMF; unpublished unpublished HINKOVA et al., 1979 GYOSHEVA, 1998; SOMF VANEV & REID, 1986; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF BURZAKOV, 1928; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF unpublished unpublished STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF unpublished BURZAKOV, 1939 VANEV & REID, 1986; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF VANEV & REID, 1986
+ + +
R. roseipes Bres. R. sanguinaria (Schumach.) Rauschert R. sardonia Fr. (R. drimeia Cooke)
+ u + u + +
R. solaris Ferd. & Winge R. sororia Fr.
+
+ u + + +
+
u
BURZAKOV, 1929; HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b SOMF; unpublished
120
C. DENCHEV 1
2 3 4
R. turci Bres.
+ +
R. velenovskyi Melzer & Zvára
+
R. vesca Fr. R. veternosa Fr. R. vinosa Lindblad R. violeipes Quél. R. virescens (Schaeff.) Fr. R. viscida Kudøna R. xerampelina (Schaeff.) Fr.
u u u + u u u + u + u
Sarcodon imbricatus (L. : Fr.) P. Karst
u +
S. leucopus (Pers.) Maas Geest. & Nannf. Schizophyllum commune Fr. : Fr. Scleroderma citrinum Pers. : Pers.
+ + u +
S. verrucosum (Bull. : Pers.) Pers. Sistostrema confluens Pers.: Fr. Skeletocutis lenis (P. Karst.) Niemelä S. nivea (Jungh.) Jean Keller Sparassis crispa (Wulfen : Fr.) Fr. Sphaerobolus stellatus Tode : Pers. Stereum hirsutum (Willd. : Fr.) Gray
u u + u + u u + + u +
S. insignitum Quél. S. rugosum (Pers. : Fr.) Fr. S. sanguinulentum (Alb. & Schwein. : Fr.) Fr. Strobilurus stephanocystis (Kühner & Romagn. ex Hora) Singer S. tenacellus (Pers. : Fr.) Singer
+ u u
Strobylomyces strobilaceus (Scop. : Fr.) Berk. Stropharia aeruginosa (Curtis : Fr.) Quél. S. albonites (Fr.) P. Karst. S. luteonitens (Vahl. : Fr.) Quél. S. melasperma (Bull. : Fr.) Gillet S. semiglobata (Batsch : Fr.) Quél.
u u + u + + u +
S. squamosa (Pers. : Fr.) Quél.
+ u u + u
+
5 STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b; SOMF unpublished unpublished BURZAKOV, 1931 unpublished SOMF; unpublished STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979 BURZAKOV, 1936 GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF SOMF; unpublished STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987a SOMF; unpublished STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987a STOICHEV, 1982 STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996 REID & VANEV, 1984 unpublished unpublished GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF SOMF; unpublished STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF SOMF; unpublished GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982
Fungi 1 S. thrausta (Kalchbr.) Sacc. (Psylocybe thrausta (Schulzer) Bon) Suillus bovinus (L. : Fr.) Roussel
2 3 4 +
+
S. granulatus (L. : Fr.) Roussel
+ +
S. luteus (L. : Fr.) Roussel
+ +
S. variegatus (Schwartz : Fr.) Richon & Roze
+ +
Tapinella panuoides (Fr. : Fr.) E.-J. Gilbert Thelephora palmata (Scop. : Fr.) Fr. T. terrestris Ehrh. : Fr. Trametes gibbosa (Pers. : Fr.) Fr. T. hirsuta (Wulfen : Fr.) Pilát T. versicolor (L. : Fr.) Lloyd Tremella foliacea Pers. : Fr. T. mesenterica Retz. : Fr. Trichaptum abietinum (Dicks. : Fr.) Ryvarden T. fuscoviolaceum (Ehrenb. : Fr.) Ryvarden Tricholoma acerbum (Bull. : Fr.) Quél. T. albobrunneum (Pers. : Fr.) P. Kumm.
u u u + u u u u u + u u u
T. atrosquamosum (Chevall.) Sacc. T. batschii Gulden (T. subannulatum (Batsch) Bres.) T. colossum (Fr.) Quél.
+ +
+ u + +
u +
T. columbetta (Fr. : Fr.) P. Kumm. T. flavovirens (Pers. : Fr.) S. Lundell
u +
T. focale (Fr.) Ricken Ò. fulvum (DC. : Fr.) Sacc. T. imbricatum (Fr. : Fr.) P. Kumm.
+ u + + +
u
T. orirubens Quél. T. pardinum Quél. T. pessundatum (Fr. : Fr.) Quél.
+ u
+
5 STOICHEV, 1982
+ + +
S. collinitus (Fr.) Kuntze
121
+ +
BURZAKOV, 1928, 1930; PILÁT, 1937; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987a; SOMF BURZAKOV, 1926b; HINKOVA, 1950; HINKOVA et al., 1983; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 BURZAKOV, 1931; HINKOVA et al., 1983; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; ASSYOV & DENCHEV, 2004; SOMF SOMF; unpublished SOMF; unpublished GYOSHEVA, 1998 unpublished SOMF; unpublished unpublished SOMF; unpublished BURZAKOV, 1926a unpublished SOMF; unpublished HINKOVA et al., 1979 HINKOVA et al., 1979; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 SOMF; unpublished STOICHEV & STEFANOV, 1983; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 SOMF; unpublished STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF BURZAKOV, 1931; SOMF VANEV & REID, 1986; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF BURZAKOV, 1931; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF
122
C. DENCHEV 1
T. populinum J.E. Lange T. portentosum (Fr. : Fr.) Quél. T. saponaceum (Fr. : Fr.) P. Kumm.
2 3 4
5
+ u u u + u
STOICHEV, 1982 SOMF; unpublished STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF STOICHEV & DIMCHEVA, 1987b; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF STOICHEV, 1982; SOMF SOMF; unpublished unpublished GYOSHEVA & ZAIMOVA, 1996; GYOSHEVA, 1998; SOMF HINKOVA et al., 1979; SOMF VANEV & REID, 1986 STOICHEV, 1982; GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000 VANEV & REID, 1986 SOMF; unpublished SOMF; unpublished SOMF; unpublished GYOSHEVA, 1998; GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF STOICHEV, 1995à; SOMF
T. sciodes (Pers.) C. Mart.
+
T. sejunctum (Sowerby : Fr.) Quél. T. squarrulosum Bres. T. sulphureum (Bull. : Fr.) P. Kumm. T. terreum (Schaeff. : Fr.) P. Kumm. T. ustaloides Romagn. T. vaccinum (Schaeff. : Fr.) P. Kumm.
+ u u u u
+ + + u
T. virgatum (Fr. : Fr.) P. Kumm. Tricholomopsis decora (Fr. : Fr.) Singer T. rutilans (Schaeff. : Fr.) Singer
+ + u +
Tubaria conspersa (Pers. : Fr.) Fayod T. minutalis Romagn. Tulostoma fimbriatum Fr. Typhula uncialis (Grev.) Berthier Vascellum pratense (Pers. : Pers.) Kreisel Xeromphalina campanella (Batsch : Fr.) Maire
u + + u u u u +
Xerula pudens (Pers.) Singer (Oudemansiella longipes (P. Kumm. : Fr.) M.M. Moser, O. badia (Quél. & Le Bret.) M.M. Moser) X. radicata (Relhan : Fr.) Dörfelt (Oudemansiella radicata (Relhan) Singer)
u +
+
u +
u u u u
GYOSHEVA & ANDREEVA, 2000; SOMF
Twenty-seven species of smut fungi, listed below, are currently known from the Rhodopes (DENCHEV, 1990, 1991a, b, 1993, 1997a, b, 2001). Anthracoidea curvulae Vánky & Kukkonen, A. inclusa Bref., Entyloma ficariae A.A. Fisch. Waldh., Microbotryum jehudanum (Zundel emend. Denchev) Vánky, M. majus (J. Schröt.) G. Deml & Oberw., M. violaceo-verrucosum (Brandenb. & Schwinn) Vánky, M. violaceum (Pers. : Pers.) G. Deml & Oberw., Schizonella melanogramma (DC.) J. Schröt., Sporisorium andropogonis (Opiz) Vánky, S. reilianum (J.G. Kühn) Langdon & Full., Stegocintractia luzulae (Sacc.) M. Piepenbr., Begerow & Oberw., Tilletia cerebrina Ellis & Everh., T. lolii Auersw. ex G. Winter, T. olida (Riess) J. Schröt., Toliposporium junci (J. Schröt.) Woronin ex J. Schröt., Urocystis miyabeana Togashi & Onuma, U. muscaridis (Niessl) Moesz, Ustilago bromivora (Tul. & C. Tul.) A.A. Fisch. Waldh., U. cynodontis (Henn.) Henn., U. filiformis (Schrank) Rostr., U. hordei (Pers. : Pers.) Lagerh., U. maydis (DC.) Corda, U. striiformis (Westend.) Niessl, U. tritici (Pers. : Pers.) Rostr., Vankya heufleri
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(Fuckel) Ershad, V. ornithogali (J.C. Schmidt & Kunze) Ershad (unpublished record), V. vaillantii (Tul. & C. Tul.) Ershad. There are 162 species of rust fungi (including 54 new records), found in the Rhodopes (DENCHEV, 1995; NEGREAN & DENCHEV, 2000; PETROVA & DENCHEV, 2004, 2006). They are presented in the following list: Aecidium euphorbiae J.F.Gmel. : Pers., Ae. macedonicum Syd. & P. Syd. Chrysomyxa abietis (Wallr.) Unger (unpubl.), Ch. pyrolata G. Winter (unpubl.), Coleosporium tussilaginis (Pers. : Pers.) Kleb., Cronartium flaccidum (Alb. & Schwein.) G. Winter Gymnosporangium clavariiforme (Jacq. : Pers.) DC., G. confusum Plowr. (unpubl.), G. cornutum Arthur ex F. Kern, G. sabinae (Dicks.) Wint. (unpubl.) Hyalopsora polypodii (Dietel) Magnus Melampsora allii-fragilis Kleb., M. allii-populina Kleb., M. amygdalinae Kleb. (unpubl.), M. caprearum Thüm. (unpubl.), M. epitea Thüm., M. euphorbiae (C. Schub.) Castagne, M. gelmii Bres., M. hypericorum G. Winter, M. lini (Ehrenb.) Desm., M. populnea (Pers. : Pers.) P. Karst., Melampsorella symphyti Bubák Phragmidium acuminatum (Fr.) Cooke, Ph. bulbosum (F. Strauss) Schltdl., Ph. fragariae (DC.) Rabenh., Ph. fusiforme J. Schröt. var. fusiforme, Ph. mucronatum (Pers. : Pers.) Schltdl., Ph. potentillae (Pers. : Pers.) P. Karst., Ph. aff. rosae-pimpinellifoliae Dietel, Ph. rubi-idaei (DC.) P. Karst., Ph. sanguisorbae (DC.) J. Schröt., Ph. tuberculatum J. Müller, Ph. violaceum (C. Schultz) G. Winter, Pileolaria terebinthi Castagne, Puccinia acetosae Körn. (unpubl.), P. aegopodii Röhl (unpubl.), P. albulensis Magnus (P. veronicarum DC.) (unpubl.), P. allii Rudolphi (unpubl.), P. angelicae (Schumach.) Fuckel, P. annularis (F. Strauss) Röhl., P. arenariae (Schumach.) G. Winter, P. asparagi DC. (unpubl.), P. australis Körn. (unpubl.), P. azerbaijanica Tranzschel & Erem., P. betonicae (Alb. & Schwein.) DC. (unpubl.), P. bistortae (F. Strauss) DC. (unpubl.), P. brachypodii G.H. Otth s. lat., P. bupleuri Rudolphi, P. calcitrapae DC., P. caricina DC., P. cesatii J. Schröt., P. chaerophylli Purton, P. cnici H. Mart., P. cnici-oleracei Pers. ex Desm., P. coaetanea Bubák, P. conii (F. Strauss) Fuckel (unpubl.), P. convolvuli Castagne, P. coronata Corda, P. crepidicola Syd. & P. Syd., P. crepidis J. Schröt., P. crocii Gäum. & Terrier, P. crupinae Ranoj., P. cynodontis Delacr. ex Desm., P. dictyoderma Lindr. (unpubl.), P. difformis Kunze (unpubl.), P. eryngii DC., P. galiiverni Ces. (unpubl.), P. gentianae (F. Strauss) Röhl. (unpubl.), P. gladioli (Duby) Castagne, P. globulariae DC. (unpubl.), P. graminis Pers. : Pers., P. heraclei Grev. (unpubl.), P. hieracii (Röhl.) H. Mart. s. lat., P. hordei G.H. Otth, P. hysterium (F. Strauss) Röhl. (unpubl.), P. istriaca Syd., P. jasminii DC., P. jordanovii Hinkova (unpubl.), P. lactucarum Syd., P. lapsanae Fuckel, P. lojkaiana Thüm., P. longissima J. Schröt., P. maculosa (F. Strauss) Röhl., P. major (Dietel) Dietel (unpubl.), P. malvacearum Bertero ex Mont., P. menthae Pers. : Pers., P. montana Fuckel (unpubl.), P. nigrescens Kirchn., P. nitida (F. Strauss) Röhl., P. obscura J. Schröt., P. oerteliana Tranzschel, P. opizii Bubák (unpubl.), P. pachyploea P. Syd. & Syd., P. peucedani-austriaci Mayor ex Gäum. (unpubl.), P. poarum E. Nielsen, P. podospermi DC. (unpubl.), P. polygoni-amphibii Pers. s. lat. (unpubl.), P. prostii Duby (unpubl.), P. pseudocesatii Cummins (unpubl.), P. pulsatillae Kalchbr. (unpubl.), P. pulverulenta Grev., P. punctata Link (unpubl.), P. punctiformis (F. Strauss) Röhl., P. pygmaea Erikss. (unpubl.), P. recondita Desm., P. romagnoliana Maire & Sacc. (unpubl.), P. rugulosa Tranzschel, P. salviae Unger, P. saxifragae Schltdl. (unpubl.), P. scillae-rubrae Cruchet (unpubl.), P. scirpi DC., P. soldanellae Fuckel (unpubl.), P. stachydis DC., P. stipae (Opiz) Arthur, P. striiformis Westend., P. syriaca P. Syd. & Syd. (unpubl.), P. tanaceti DC., P. thesii Chaillet, P. tyrimni Gonz. Frag. (unpubl.), P. tulipae J. Schröt., P. veratri Duby, P. veronicae J. Schröt., P.
124
C. DENCHEV
veronicarum DC. (unpubl.), P. vincae Berk. (unpubl.), P. violae DC., P. virgae-aureae (DC.) Lib., P. xanthii Schwein. (unpubl.), Pucciniastrum agrimoniae (Dietel) Tranzschel, P. areolatum G.H. Otth (unpubl.), P. epilobii G.H. Otth, P. goeppertianum (J.G. Kühn) Kleb., P. guttatum (J. Schröt.) Hyl., Jørst. & Nannf., P. pyrolae Dietel ex Arthur Triphragmium filipendulae Pass. (unpubl.), T. ulmariae (DC.) Link (unpubl.) Uromyces aecidiiformis (F. Strauss) R.G. Rees (unpubl.), U. alpestris Tranzschel (unpubl.), U. ambiguus (DC.) Fuckel, U. anthyllidis J. Schröt., U. appendiculatus (Pers. : Pers.) Link, U. arenariae-leptocladi Vienn.-Bourg. (unpubl.), U. armeriae (Schltdl.) Lév. (unpubl.), U. dactylidis G.H. Otth, U. dianthi (Pers. : Pers.) Niessl, U. ervi Westend., U. erythronii (DC.) Pass. (unpubl.), U. ferulae Juel (unpubl.), U. fulgens Bubák, U. geranii (DC.) Fr., U. klebahnii E. Fisch. (unpubl.), U. muscari Lév., U. onobrychidis Bubák, U. pisi-sativi (Pers. : Pers.) Liro (U. pisi (DC.) G.H. Otth), U. punctatus J. Schröt., U. rumicis (Schumach.) G. Winter, U. scrophulariae Fuckel, U. striatus J. Schröt., U. trifolii-repentis Lindr., U. valerianae Fuckel (unpubl.), U. verbasci Niessl, U. viciae-fabae (Pers. : Pers.) J. Schröt., Zaghouania phillyreae Pat.
Estimation of the fungal diversity of the Rhodopes To date, the total number of recorded slime moulds, fungus-like and fungal species in Bulgaria is approximately 5220 (DENCHEV, 2002; DENCHEV et al., 2005). There are 3900 species of vascular plants in Bulgaria (PETROVA, 2001). If the fungus-plant ratio of 5.3:1, proposed by HAWKSWORTH (1998, 2001), is applied, the total fungal diversity of Bulgaria might be estimated at 20 670 species (DENCHEV, 2002; DENCHEV et al., 2005). Inventories of fungus-like organisms and fungi thus clearly lag seriously behind those of animals and plants. This ascertainment can be noted on a national level as well as particularly in regard to the mycota of the Rhodopes. No complete list, comprising the fungal diversity of any mountain, has been published in Bulgaria. There are available lists of the macroscopic fungi of Mt Vitosha (HINKOVA, 1954), Central Balkan National Park (FAKIROVA et al., 2000), Central Balkan Mts (FAKIROVA et al., 2002), and Rila National Park (GYOSHEVA & DENCHEV, 2000). The present article represents a first attempt to summarize the known information on the fungal diversity in one of the Bulgarian mountains, i.e. the Rhodopes. There are 1763 species of oomycetes and fungi, known for the Rhodopes, which can be classified as follows: Oomycetes – 31 Non-lichenized ascomycetes – 246 Lichenized and lichenicolous fungi – 484 Non-lichenized fungi (traditionally included in the lichenological literature) – 5 Anamorphic fungi – 125 Basidiomycetes – 683 Ustilaginomycetes – 27 Urediniomycetes – 162 Among these species, 267 species are recorded for the first time from the Rhodopes. There is no doubt that the inventory of the Rhodopean mycota is far from being complete. We suppose that there are hundreds of new species in this mountain, waiting
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to be found. Any analysis of taxonomic and trophycal groups, geoelements, etc., based on such incompleted data, can be considered as preliminary and speculative. Therefore, at this stage of investigation, we restrain from proposing them. However, the available information on the species diversity of that mountain proves that the Rhodopes are one of the richest mountains in Bulgaria.
Conservation significance of the mycota of the Rhodopes Unfortunately Bulgaria lacks a specific document (law or decree) regulating the collection, purchase, sale, and export of wild fungi. The absence of such a document, which should serve as a normative base for future conservation of fungi, is a serious problem. Fungi were omitted from the Biodiversity Act, published in 2002, and are not treated as part of Bulgaria’s biodiversity because they do not fit in the common sense terminology, i.e. they are not a component of the terms plants, flora, animals, and fauna. In the whole document, there is no place where the words fungi and fungal diversity are used. There are no fungal species in the appendixes to the Act, which include lists of protected species and/or species restricted to a regulated regime of use (DENCHEV, 2005; DENCHEV et al., 2005). Collecting of fungi in the Rhodopes is thus absolutely free and uncontrolled, and has greatly escalated since 1990 (DENCHEV & BAKALOVA, 2002; DENCHEV et al., 2005). Within the framework of the project Red lists of plants and fungi in Bulgaria (2003-2005), assigned by the Ministry of Environment and Water of the Republic of Bulgaria, a contemporary Red list of fungi in Bulgaria was prepared (PETROVA, ed., unpubl.). In that list, current IUCN Red Data Book Categories (IUCN, 2001, 2003a, b) were put into practice for the fungi and 78 species distributed in the Rhodopes were included. These species are classified as follows: 11 Critically Endangered, 36 Endangered, 21 Vulnerable, 6 Near Threatened, and 4 Data Deficient species. The DD species will receive the same degree of attention as threatened species until their conservation status can be assessed (cfr IUCN, 2003b). The following species, distributed in the Rhodopes, are members of the Red list of fungi in Bulgaria: Critically Endangered (CR): Ascomycetes – Hydnotria tulasnei; Basidiomycetes – Amanita ovoidea, Boletopsis leucomelaena, Catathelasma imperiale, Clavicorona pixidata, Cortinarius caesiocanescens, Cotylidia pannosa, Haasiella venustissima, Leucopaxillus compactus, Sarcodon leucopus, Tricholoma colossum. Endangered (EN): Ascomycetes – Helvella leucomelaena, Hypoderma communae, Saccobolus beckii, Tuber puberulum; Basidiomycetes – Albatrellus pes-caprae, Amanita strobiliformis, Amylocystis lapponicus, Auriscalpium vulgare, Bondarzewia montana, Bovista graveolens, Cantharellus friesii, Clavariadelphus truncatus, Cortinarius bulliardii, C. caerulescens, Galerina paludosa, Geastrum quadrifidum, Guepinia helvelloides, Hericium erinaceum, Hydnellum aurantiacum, H. suaveolens, Hygrocybe ceracea, H. punicea, Hygrophorus arbustivus, H. erubescens, H. poetarum, Hypholoma myosotis, Leucocortinarius bulbiger, Limacella glioderma, Pholiota lucifera, Phyllotopsis nidulans, Rozites caperatus, Russula solaris, R. viscida, Sparassis crispa, Tricholoma acerbum, T. focale.
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Vulnerable (VU): Ascomycetes – Discina ancilis, Helvella atra, Mutinus caninus, Otidea onotica, Rutstroemia bulgarioides, Sarcosphaera coronaria; Basidiomycetes – Amanita caesarea, A. franchetii, A. vittadinii, Boletus regius, B. rhodoxanthus, Geastrum triplex, Clavariadelphus ligula, C. pistillaris, Clitocybe maxima, Hericium cirrhatum, Hohenbuehelia petaloides, Hygrophorus russula, Macrotyphula fistulosa, Russula violeipes, Strobylomyces strobilaceus. Near Threatened (NT): Ascomycetes – Morchella elata, Spathularia flavida; Basidiomycetes – Fomitopsis rosea, Phellinus nigrolimitatus, Sistostrema confluens, Tulostoma fimbriatum. Data Deficient (DD): Basidiomycetes – Amanita porphyria, Boletus torosus, Calocybe ionides, Cortinarius tubarius. References ASSYOV B. 2004. New data about Boletales in Bulgaria. – Mycol. Balcan., 1: 85-88. ASSYOV B., DENCHEV C. M. 2004. Preliminary checklist of Boletales s. str. in Bulgaria. – Mycol. Balcan., 1: 195-208. BAKALOVA G. 1993. Genus Phyllosticta Pers. in Bulgaria. I. – Fitologiya, 46: 33-36. BAKALOVA G. 1994. Genus Phyllosticta Pers. in Bulgaria. II. – Fitologiya, 47: 63-65. BAKALOVA G. 1996a. New data about species composition and host-plants of fungi from genus Phyllosticta Pers. in Bulgaria. – Phytol. Balcan., 2(1): 85-90. BAKALOVA G. 1996b. New and rare species from class Coelomycetes from Bulgaria. – Fitologiya, 48: 81-83. BAKALOVA G. 1997a. Contribution to the study of Bulgarian Coelomycetes. – Phytol. Balcan., 3(1): 117-119. BAKALOVA G. 1997b. New and rare genera and species of Melanconiales in Bulgaria. – Phytol. Balcan., 3(2-3): 199-203. BAKALOVA G. 1997c. Contribution to the study of Bulgarian Deuteromycetes. – God. Sofiisk. Univ. Biol. Fak., 88(4): 61-64. BAKALOVA G. 1998a. A contribution to the study of Colletotrichum Corda in Bulgaria. – Phytol. Balcan., 4(3): 141-145. BAKALOVA G. 1998b. New data on Bulgarian Melanconiales. – Phytol. Balcan., 4(1-2): 201-206. BAKALOVA G. 1999. Bulgarian Melanconiales (Coelomycetes). – Phytol. Balcan., 5(1): 121-129. BAKALOVA G. 2001. Phytopathogenic cercosporoid fungi in Bulgaria (Cercospora, Ramularia and allied genera). – Phytol. Balcan., 7(1): 125-145. BAKALOVA G., BORISOVA TS. 1999. New genera and species of parasitic Hyphomycetes in Bulgaria. – Phytol. Balcan., 5(2-3): 139-148. BAKALOVA G., BORISOVA TS. 2000. Phytopathogenic Hyphomycetes in Bulgaria: new taxa and revision notes. – Phytol. Balcan., 6(2-3): 257-272. BOGOEV V., GYOSHEVA M. 1987. Cellulosedestroing microorganisms in two types of ecosystems of Vasil Kolarov Reserve (the Western Rhodope Mts). – In: Kuzmanov, B. (ed.). Proc. IVth Nats. Conf. Bot., 22-26 June 1987, Sofia, 3: 323-330. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia. (In Bulgarian) BUBБK F. 1906. Neue oder kritische Pilze. – Ann. Mycol., 4(2): 105-124. BUBБK F. 1908. Neue oder kritische Pilze. – Ann. Mycol., 6: 22-29. BURZAKOV B. 1926a. Contribution to the fungus flora of Bulgaria. – God. Sofiisk. Univ. Fiz.-Mat. Fak., 22(3): 57-89 (In Bulgarian) BURZAKOV B. 1926b. Fam. Polyporaceae in Bulgaria. – Izv. Bulg. Bot. Druzh., 1: 21-36 (In Bulgarian) BURZAKOV B. 1928. Contribution to the study of the fungus flora of Bulgaria. – God. Sofiisk. Univ. Fiz.-Mat. Fak., 24(2): 1-17 (In Bulgarian) BURZAKOV B. 1929. New fungi for Bulgaria. – Izv. Bulg. Bot. Druzh., 3: 87-91 (In Bulgarian) BURZAKOV B. 1930. New small contribution to the Bulgarian fungus flora. – God. Sofiisk. Univ. Fiz.-Mat. Fak., 26(3): 1-4. (In Bulgarian) BURZAKOV B. 1931. New fungi for Bulgaria. – Izv. Bulg. Bot. Druzh., 4: 44-47 (In Bulgarian) BURZAKOV B. 1932. Zwei Tuberarten und einige fьr Bulgarien neue Pilzarten. – Izv. Bulg. Bot. Druzh., 5: 8486. (In Bulgarian)
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BURZAKOV B. 1936. New and rare fungi for Bulgaria. – Izv. Bulg. Bot. Druzh., 7: 108-109. (In Bulgarian) BURZAKOV B. 1939. New fungi for Bulgaria. – Izv. Bulg. Bot. Druzh., 8: 100-101 (In Bulgarian) CHALUKOV V. 1978. New taxa and chorological data on Bulgarian flora. – Fitologiya, 9: 70-72 (In Bulgarian) CHALUKOV V. 1982. New data on the species composition and distribution of class Gasteromycetes in Bulgaria. – Fitologiya, 19: 83-84 (In Bulgarian) CHRISTOV A. 1939. Revision and notes on the parasitic flora of Bulgaria. – Sp. Zemled. Izpitat. Inst. Bulg., 9(2): 77-85 (In Bulgarian) DENCHEV C. M. 1990. A taxonomical study of the Bulgarian Ustilaginales. PhD Thesis. Institute of Botany, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 173 p. + Tabls I-LXXXIV (In Bulgarian) DENCHEV C. M. 1991a. New data concerning Bulgarian smut fungi (Ustilaginales). I. – Fitologiya, 40: 65-67. DENCHEV C. M. 1991b. New records of Bulgarian smut fungi (Ustilaginales). – Sydowia, 43: 15-22. DENCHEV C. M. 1993. New data concerning Bulgarian smut fungi (Ustilaginales). II. – Fitologiya, 46: 47-52. DENCHEV C. M. 1995. Bulgarian Uredinales. – Mycotaxon, 55: 405-465. DENCHEV C. M. 1997a. Taxonomical studies on ovariicolous ustomycetes on Caryophyllaceae. I. Ustilago jehudana and U. moenchiae-manticae. – Mycoscience, 38(3): 323-328. DENCHEV C. M. 1997b. Additional finds of Microbotryum violaceo-verrucosum (Ustilaginales). – Bocconea, 5: 849-852. DENCHEV C. M. 2001. Classis Ustomycetes (Ordines Tilletiales, Ustilaginales et Graphiolales). – In: Fakirova, V. (ed.). Fungi in Bulgaria. Vol. 4. Prof. Marin Drinov Academic Publishing House & Pensoft, Sofia, 286 p. (In Bulgarian) DENCHEV C. 2002. Fungal diversity – problems and trends. – J. Bulg. Acad. Sci., 65(4): 25-30. (In Bulgarian) DENCHEV C. M. 2005. Problems in conservation of fungal diversity in Bulgaria and prospects for estimating the threat status of microscopic fungi. – Mycol. Balcan., 2: 251-256. DENCHEV C. M., BAKALOVA G. G. 2002. Centenary review of the fungal diversity investigations in Bulgaria. Bulgarian-Swiss Biodiversity Conservation Programme, Sofia, 71 p. (In Bulgarian) DENCHEV C. M., GYOSHEVA M. M., ROSSNEV B. 2005. Fungal diversity in Bulgaria – current state of investigation, conservation, and rational utilization. – In: Petrova, A. (ed.). Current state of Bulgarian biodiversity – problems and perspectives. Pp. 35-65. Bulgarian Bioplatform & Dragon, Sofia (In Bulgarian) DIMITROV G., BIOLCHEV A. 1936. Contribution to the study of damage of the forestry in Bulgaria. – God. Sofiisk. Univ. Agron. Fak., 5(2): 169-206. DIMITROV T. 1926. Fungi damaging for the forestry in Bulgaria. – Izv. Bulg. Bot. Druzh., 1: 53-66 (In Bulgarian) DIMITROVA E. 1982. Contribution to the Peronosporales in Bulgaria. I. – Fitologiya, 21: 54-57. DIMITROVA E. 1984. Contribution to the Peronosporales in Bulgaria. II. – Fitologiya, 27: 69-71. DIMITROVA E. 1985. Taxonomy and distribution of Peronosporaceae in Bulgaria. PhD thesis. Institute of Botany, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 196 p. (In Bulgarian) DIMITROVA E. 1996. A contribution to the study of the discomycetes fungi in Bulgaria. III. – Fitologiya, 48: 76-80. DIMITROVA E. 1997a. New data about discomycetous fungi in Bulgaria. – Phytol. Balcan., 3(1): 121-125. DIMITROVA E. 1997b. Discomycetes new to Bulgaria. – Bocconea, 5(2): 845-848. DIMITROVA E. 1997c. Revision notes on the discomycetous fungi from Helotiales in Bulgaria. – Phytol. Balcan., 3(2-3): 211-215. DIMITROVA E. 1999. Discomycetous fungi found in Bulgaria on needles, cones, and twigs of conifers. – Phytol. Balcan., 5(1): 137-144. DIMITROVA E. 2001. Discomycetous fungi of Leotiales found in Bulgaria on beech and oak substrates. – Phytol. Balcan., 7(2): 259-265. DIMITROVA E. 2002a. New data on species composition, substrates and distribution of Bulgarian Discomycetes. – Phytol. Balcan., 8(2): 237-245. DIMITROVA E. 2002b. Discomycetous fungi of the Leotiales found on the Betulaceae in Bulgaria. – Turk. J. Bot., 26: 253-258. DIMITROVA E., ASSYOV B. 2004. New data for Pezizales in Bulgaria. – Mycol. Balcan., 1: 1-3. FAKIROVA V. 1968. Studies on the coprophyllous Ascomycetes in Bulgaria. II. – Izv. Bot. Inst. (Sofia), 18: 141156 (In Bulgarian) FAKIROVA V. 1969. Studies on the coprophilous ascomycetes in Bulgaria. III. – Izv. Bot. Inst. (Sofia), 19: 199210 (In Bulgarian)
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FAKIROVA V. 1970. Studies on the coprophilous ascomycetes in Bulgaria. IV. – Izv. Bot. Inst. (Sofia), 20: 185194. (In Bulgarian) FAKIROVA V. 1972a. The genus Delitschia Awd. in Bulgaria. – Izv. Bot. Inst. (Sofia), 22: 181-187 (In Bulgarian) FAKIROVA V. 1972b. Studies on the coprophyllous Ascomycetes in Bulgaria. V. – Izv. Bot. Inst. (Sofia), 22: 189191 (In Bulgarian) FAKIROVA V. 1982a. Materials on the study of the species of powdery mildews (Erysiphaceae) in Bulgaria. I. – Fitologiya, 19: 78-82. (In Bulgarian) FAKIROVA V. 1982b. Materials concerning the species compositions and the distribution of the Ascomycetes in Bulgaria. IV. – Fitologiya, 20: 65-67 (In Bulgarian). FAKIROVA V. I. 1991. Fungi in Bulgaria. Vol. 1. Erysiphales. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Publishing House, Sofia, 154 p. (In Bulgarian) FAKIROVA V. 1997. Pyrenomycetous fungi on a birch (Betula pendula) substratum in Bulgaria. – Bocconea, 5: 839-644. FAKIROVA V., DENCHEV TS., GYOSHEVA M. 2000. Biodiversity of macromycetes in Central Balkan National Park. – In: Sakalian, M. (ed.). Biological diversity of the Central Balkan National Park. Pp. 131-156. Pensoft, Sofia. FAKIROVA V. I., GYOSHEVA M. M., DENCHEV C. M. 2002. Checklist of the macromycetes of Central Balkan Mountain (Bulgaria). – In: Randjeloviж, N. (ed.). Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium on Flora of Southeastern Serbia and Adjacent Territories, 4-7 July 2000, Sokobanja, Yugoslavia. Pp. 25-38. Vuk Karadžić, Niš, Yugoslavia. GYOSHEVA M. 1998. Studying of the macromycetes in Soskovcheto Reserve in the Western Rhodopes. – In: Stoykov, H. (ed.). Proceedings of the Jubilee scientific conference with international participation “70th anniversary of the Forestry Institute”, 6-7 October 1998, Sofia. Vol. 2. Pp. 252-258. Iris, Sofia (In Bulgarian) GYOSHEVA M. 2000. New and rare macromycetous taxa to Bulgaria. – Phytol. Balcan., 6(2-3): 283-288. GYOSHEVA M., ANDREEVA A. 2000. Macromycetes in the Momchilovski Dol Reserve, Central Rhodopes. – Phytol. Balcan., 6(2-3): 273-282. GYOSHEVA M., DENCHEV TS. 2000. Biodiversity of macromycetes in the Rila National Park. – In: Sakalian, M. (ed.). Biological diversity of the Rila National Park. Pp. 149-176. Pensoft, Sofia. GYOSHEVA M., GANEVA A. 2004. New and rare macromycetes and bryophytes from montane peat habitats in Bulgaria – Mycol. Balcan., 1: 9-13. GYOSHEVA M., ZAIMOVA H. 1996. Investigation on the macromycetes in communities of Picea abies (L.) Karsten in Pamporovo Forestry Department in Central Rhodopi Mts. – In: Proceedings of the Second Balkan scientific conference on exploring, preserving, and utilization of forest resources, June 3-5 1996, Sofia. Vol. 1. Pp. 279-284. Sofia. (In Bulgarian) HAWKSWORTH D. L. 1998. The consequences of plant extinctions for their dependent biotas: an overlooked aspect of conservation science. – In: Peng, C.-I. & Lowry, P.P. (eds). Rare, threatened and endangered floras of Asia and the Pacific Rim. – Institute of Botany, Acad. Sinica Monogr. Ser., 16: 1-15. Taipei. HAWKSWORTH D. L. 2001. The magnitude of fungal diversity: the 1.5 million species estimate revisited. – Mycol. Res., 105: 1422-1432. HINKOVA TS. 1950. Contribution to the fungus flora of Bulgaria. – Izv. Bot. Inst. (Sofia), 1: 432-439. (In Bulgarian) HINKOVA TS. 1953. About the occurrence of Peziza aurantia Fl. Dan. and Sarcoscypha coccinea Jacq. in Bulgaria. – Izv. Bot. Inst. (Sofia), 3: 265-266. (In Bulgarian) HINKOVA TS. 1954. Die höheren Pilze des Witoscha-Gebirges. Publishing House of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 296 pp. (In Bulgarian) HINKOVA TS. 1960. Floristic materials and critical notes on the Bulgarian parasitic fungal flora. – Izv. Bot. Inst. (Sofia), 7: 333-344 (In Bulgarian) HINKOVA TS. 1961. Materials on the fungus flora of Bulgaria. – Izv. Bot. Inst. (Sofia), 8: 251-259 (In Bulgarian) HINKOVA TS. 1965. Materials on the fungal flora of Bulgaria. – God. Sofiisk. Univ. Biol. Fak., 58(2): 95-105 (In Bulgarian) HINKOVA TS. H., STOICHEV G. T. 1983. New and rare for Bulgaria macromycetes. – Fitologiya, 23: 70-72 (In Bulgarian) HINKOVA TS. H., STOICHEV G. T., DROUMEVA M., CHALUKOV V. G. 1979. Materials on the distribution of macromycetes in the Rhodope Mountains. I. – Fitologiya, 12: 70-80 (In Bulgarian) HINKOVA TS., DROUMEVA M., STOICHEV G., CHALUKOV V. 1983. Study of the fungal resource of the Rhodopes. – In: Velchev, V. (ed.). Proceedings of the 3rd National conference of botany, 26-30.09.1981, Sofia. Pp. 113-116. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Publishing House, Sofia (In Bulgarian)
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HOROZOV S. 1988. Protection of the forest trees against pests, diseases, and damage in 1987 and a prognosis for 1988. – Gorsko Stopanstvo, 44(3): 33-36. (In Bulgarian) IUCN 2001. IUCN Red List categories and criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. IUCN 2003a. Guidelines for application of IUCN Red List categories at regional levels: Version 3.0. IUCN species survival Commission, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. IUCN 2003b. Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Standards and Petitions Subcommittee of the IUCN SSC Red List Programme Committee, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. IVANCHEVA-GABROVSKA T. 1953. The black root rot of tobacco and its control. – Byul. Rast. Zashtita, 1953(1): 25-29 (In Bulgarian) IVANCHEVA-GABROVSKA T. 1960. Resistance of some tobacco cultivars to black root rot (Thielaviopsis basicola). — Rast. Zashtita, 1960(3): 15-30. (In Bulgarian) IVANOV B. 1925. New plant diseases on Pinus and Abies. – Gorski Pregled, 11(1): 36-38 (In Bulgarian) KAZANDZHIEV S. 1900. Lichen flora of Bulgaria. - Period. Sp. Bulg. Knizh. Druzh., 61: 470-532. (In Bulgarian) KIRK P. M., ANSELL A. E. 1992. Authors of fungal names. International Mycological Institute, CABI, Wallingford, 95 p. KIRYAKOV I. K. 1993. Some data on the composition and distribution of the water Hyphomycetes (Moniliales, Deuteromycetes) in Bulgaria. – Fitologiya, 45: 41-48. KLIKA J. 1926. Contribution à la connaissance de la flore mycologique de la Bulgarie. – Acta Bot. Bohem., 45: 27-41. KLIKA J. 1929. Contributions à la connaissance de la flore mycologique de la Bulgarie. II. – Acta Bot. Bohem., 8: 27-36. KOVACHEVSKI I. 1955. Parasitic fungi new for Bulgaria. VI. – Izv. Bot. Inst. (Sofia), 4: 301-312 (In Bulgarian) KROUSHEVA R. 1965. Floristic materials to the mycoflora of Bulgaria. – Nauchni Trudove Agron. Fak. Vissh. Selskost. Inst. “Georgi Dimitrov”, 17: 95-100 (In Bulgarian) KROUSHEVA R. 1968. Floristic data to Bulgarian parasitic fungal flora. – Nauchni Trudove Agron. Fak. Vissh. Selskost. Inst. “Georgi Dimitrov”, 19: 295-299 (In Bulgarian) KUTHAN J., KOTLABA F. 1989. Makromyzeten der bulgarischen Schwarzmeerküste und einiger Orte im landesinnern Bulgariens. – Acta Mus. Nat. Pragae, Ser. B, 44(3-4)[1988]: 137-243 + Photos 1-2 & Tabs I/1-XVI/2. LACHEVA M. N., STOICHEV G. T. 2004. New species of the genus Agaricus (Agaricaceae) for Bulgaria. – Mycol. Balcan., 1: 35-40. MALKOV K. 1906. Beitrag zur Parasitenpilze Bulgariens. – Trav. Soc. Bulg. Sci. Nat., 3: 14-25. (In Bulgarian) MALKOV K. 1908. Erster Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Pilzflora Bulgariens. – Ann. Mycol., 6(1): 29-36. MALKOV K. 1910. Zweiter Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Pilzflora Bulgariens. – Ann. Mycol., 8(2): 187-191. MAYRHOFER H., DENCHEV C. M., STOYKOV D. Y., NIKOLOVA S. O. 2005. Catalogue of the lichenized and lichenicolous fungi in Bulgaria. – Mycol. Balcan., 2: 3-61. MOTYKA J., ZHELEZOVA, B. 1962. A monographic study of Usnea in Bulgaria. - Izv. Bot. Inst. (Sofia), 10: 67120 (In Bulgarian) NEGREAN G., DENCHEV C. M. 2000. New records of Bulgarian parasitic fungi. – Fl. Medit., 10: 101-108. PETROVA A. 2001. Biosystematic and floristic studies in Bulgaria for the period 1993-2001. – In: Temniskova, D. (ed.). Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference of Botany, 18-20 June 2001, Sofia. Pp. 27-46. Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Press, Sofia. (In Bulgarian) PETROVA R. D., DENCHEV C. M. 2004. A taxonomic study of Phragmidiaceae (Uredinales) in Bulgaria. – Mycol. Balcan., 1: 95-115. PETROVA R. D., DENCHEV C. M. 2006. A taxonomic study of Melampsora (Uredinales) on Populus in Bulgaria. – Mycol. Balcan., 3. In press. PICBAUER P. 1937. Fungi bulgarici a D-re Fr. Bubák lecti. – Ann. Mycol., 35: 138-148. PILÁT A. 1926. Some remarks for the mycological investigation of Bulgaria. – Mykologia (Praha) 3: 24-30. (In Czech) PILÁT A. 1937. Contribution à la connaissance des Basidiomycètes de la péninsule des Balkans. – Bull. Trimestriel Soc. Mycol. France, 53(1): 81-103. POPNIKOLOV A., ZHELEZOVA B. 1964. Flora of Bulgaria. Lichens. Narodna Prosveta, Sofia, 518 p. + Tabls I-XXX (In Bulgarian) RADOSLAVOV A. 1914. Beitrag zu den parasitischen Pilzen von Bulgarien. – Sp. Bulg. Acad. Sci., 9: 211-218 (In Bulgarian)
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RADOSLAVOV A. 1921. Beitrag zu den parasitischen Pilzen von Piringebirge (Bulgarien). – Trav. Soc. Bulg. Sci. Nat., 9: 57-60 (In Bulgarian) REID D., VANEV S. 1984. New or interesting fungi from Bulgaria. – Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc., 83(3): 415-421. ROSSNEV B. 1982. A new causal agent of disease on Castanea sativa. – Gorsko Stopanstvo, 7: 34-38 (In Bulgarian) ROSSNEV B., PETKOV P. 1986. Pathologic causes for deteriorating the state of health of certain coniferous plantations in Bulgaria. – Gorskostop. Nauka, 23(3): 74-81 (In Bulgarian) SAMEVA E. F. 1981. Materiales concerning the species composition and distribution of Bulgarian Ascomycetes. III. – Fitologiya, 18: 57-59. (In Bulgarian) SAMEVA E. F. 1984. A contribution to the study on fungi of genus Septoria Fr. (Sphaeropsidales, Deuteromycetes) in Bulgaria. I. – Fitologiya, 26: 69-72 (In Bulgarian) SAMEVA E. F. 1987. Contribution to the study of fungi from the genus Septoria Sacc. (Sphaeropsidales, Deuteromycetes) in Bulgaria. II. – Fitologiya, 33: 44-52 (In Bulgarian) SAMEVA E. F. 1991a. A contribution to the study of the fungi from the genus Septoria Sacc. (Sphaeropsidales, Deuteromycetes) in Bulgaria. III. – Fitologiya, 39: 66-71 (In Bulgarian) SAMEVA E. F. 1991b. Contribution to the study of the fungi from the genus Septoria Sacc. (Sphaeropsidales, Deuteromycetes) in Bulgaria. IV. – Fitologiya, 40: 68-73 (In Bulgarian) SAMEVA E. 1999. New data on Bulgarian Coelomycetes. – Phytol. Balcan., 5(1): 131-135. SAMEVA E., BAKALOVA G. 1993. Contribution to the study of fungi from the genus Septoria Sacc. (Sphaeropsidales, Deuteromycetes) in Bulgaria. V. – Fitologiya 44: 42-46. SAVOV H. 1925. Annual report of the Sofia Agricultural and Experimental Institute for 1923. Ministry of Agriculture and State Properties, Sofia, 140 pp. (In Bulgarian) STOICHEV G. 1979. New taxa for the fungal flora of Bulgaria. – Nauchni Trudove Vissh. Selskost. Inst. “Vasil Kolarov”, 25(1): 189-191 (In Bulgarian) STOICHEV G. 1981. New taxa for the Bulgarian fungus flora. – Nauchni Trudove Vissh Selskost. Inst. “Vasil Kolarov”, 26(4): 105-107. (In Bulgarian) STOICHEV G. T. 1982. New taxa and chorological data concerning the fungus flora of Bulgaria. – Fitologiya, 21: 43-50 (In Bulgarian) STOICHEV G. 1983. Three species of Polyporaceae, new for the Bulgarian flora. Pp. 35-38. – In: Velchev, V. (ed.). Proc. IIIrd Natl. Bot. Conference Botany, Sofia, 26-30.X.1981 (In Bulgarian) STOICHEV G. 1987. Seven species of family Polyporaceae, new for Bulgaria. – In: Kuzmanov, B. (ed.). Proc. 4th Natl. Bot. Conference, 1987, Sofia, 1: 208-215 (In Bulgarian) STOICHEV G. 1995a. New fungi for Bulgaria. – Higher Inst. Agric. (Plovdiv), Jubilйe Sci. Session, October 1995, 4(1): 229-232 (In Bulgarian) STOICHEV G. 1995b. Phellinus Quel. (Hymenochaetaceae Donk) in Bulgaria. – Higher Inst. Agric. (Plovdiv), Jubilee Sci. Session, October 1995, 4(1): 221-227. (In Bulgarian) STOICHEV G. T., DIMCHEVA M. D. 1982. New taxa and chorological data for the fungus flora of Bulgaria. – Fitologiya, 20: 68-73 (In Bulgarian) STOICHEV G. T., DIMCHEVA M. D. 1987a. New taxa and chorological data for the fungus flora of Bulgaria. – Fitologiya, 33: 67-69 (In Bulgarian) STOICHEV, G., DIMCHEVA M. 1987b. New fungi for Bulgaria. – In: Kuzmanov, B. (ed.). Proc. 4th Natl. Bot. Conf., 22-26 June 1987, Sofia, 1: 216-219 (In Bulgarian) STOICHEV G., STEFANOV S. 1983. New species for the Bulgarian fungal flora and their chemical composition. – Fitologiya, 22: 93-95 (In Bulgarian) STOYKOV D. Y. 2005. New records of Diaporthales in Bulgaria. I. – Mycol. Balcan., 2(2): 69-74. SUZA J. 1929. Lichenes Bulgariae, I. - Acta Bot. Bohem., 8: 7-25. SZATALA Ö. 1930. Beiträge zur Flechtenflora von Bulgarien II. - Magyar Bot. Lapok, 29: 58-104. VANCHIKOV K. 1947. Neue parasitische Pilze für Bulgarien. III. – Izv. Kamarata Narod. Kultura, 1(3): 67-73 (In Bulgarian) VANCHIKOV K. 1949. Studies on bioecological and morphological features in development of sunflower caused by Plasmopara Holstedi. – Ann. Plovdiv Univ. “P. Hilendarski”, Agron. & For. Fac., 4: 185-217 (In Bulgarian) VANEV S. G. 1988. Mycocentrospora, a new imperfect fungus genus in Bulgaria. – Fitologiya, 35: 52-57 (In Bulgarian) VANEV S. 2000. New data about Cercosporoid fungi in Bulgaria. – Phytol. Balcan., 6(2-3): 295-300. VANEV S., BAKALOVA G. 1989. Two new species of genus Ascochyta Lib. – Mycotaxon 36(1): 15-18.
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VANEV S. G., BAKALOVA G. G. 1991. New data about the species composition and hosts of the fungi from genus Ascochyta in Bulgaria. – Fitologiya, 41: 37-50. (In Bulgarian) VANEV S. G., DIMITROVA Е. G., ILIEVA E. I. 1993. Fungi in Bulgaria. Vol. 2. Peronosporales. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Publishing House, Sofia, 195 pp. (In Bulgarian) VANEV S. G., REID D. A. 1986. New taxa and chorologic data for the Bulgarian fungus flora. – Fitologiya, 31: 63-70. VANEV S. G., SAMEVA Е. F., BAKALOVA G. G. 1997. Fungi in Bulgaria. Vol. 3. Sphaeropsidales. Prof. Marin Drinov Academic Publishing House & Pensoft, Sofia, 335 pp. (In Bulgarian) VONDRÁK J. 2006. Contribution to the lichenized and lichenicolous fungi in Bulgaria. I. – Mycol. Balcan., 3. In press. ZASHEV B. 1949. The snow blight (Phacidium infestans) on scots pine, a new disease in Bulgaria. – Gorsko Stopanstvo, 5(8-9): 323-328 (In Bulgarian) ZASHEV B. 1953. Diseases on the forest trees in Bulgaria and their economic importance. – Gorsko Stopanstvo, 9(10): 455-462 (In Bulgarian) ZHELEZOVA B. 1956. Contribution to the lichen flora of Bulgaria. - Izv. Bot. Inst. (Sofia), 5: 387-403 (In Bulgarian) ZHELEZOVA B. 1963. Materials on the lichen flora of Bulgaria. - Izv. Bot. Inst. (Sofia), 12: 245-265 (In Bulgarian) Authors’ address: Institute of Botany Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 23 Acad. G. Bonchev St. 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria e-mail:
[email protected]
Гъбно разнообразие в Родопите (България) Цветомир ДЕНЧЕВ, Мелания ГЬОШЕВА, Ганка БАКАЛОВА, Виолета ФАКИРОВА, Румяна ПЕТРОВА, Евтимия ДИМИТРОВА, Екатерина САМЕВА, Димитър СТОЙКОВ, Борис АСЬОВ, Сийка НИКОЛОВА (Р е з ю м е) В настоящата статия са обобщени публикуваните и оригинални данни за гъбното разнообразие в Родопите. Общият брой на установените видове е 1763, включително 31 вида оомицети, 246 вида нелихенизирани торбести гъби, 484 вида лихенизирани и лихениколни гъби, 5 вида гъби, традиционно включвани в лихенологичната литература, 125 вида анаморфни гъби, 683 вида базидиални гъби (в тесен смисъл), 27 вида главни и 162 вида ръжди. За първи път за Родопите се съобщават 267 вида. Приложен е списък на 78 макромицети с висока консервационна стойност за микотата на Родопите, оценени по съвременните критерии на IUCN, включващ 11 критично застрашени (CR), 36 застрашени (EN), 21 уязвими (VU) и 6 почти застрашени (NT) вида, както и 4 вида с недостатъчно данни (DD), за които се предполага, че в бъдеще могат да бъдат отнесени към някоя от категориите на застрашеност.
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Beron P. (ed). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Biodiversity of algae in the Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
DOBRINA TEMNISKOVA, IVAN KIRJAKOV
Temniskova D., I. Kirjakov. 2006. Biodiversity of algae in the Rhodopes (Bulgaria). - In: Beron P., (ed.) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 133-176. Abstract. This article offers an overview of the algal studies in the Rhodopes held in the period 1904-2005 in various fields: floristics, chorology, taxonomy, monitoring, and hydrobiology. According to the literary sources and unpublished data, there exist 1257 species, varieties and forms belonging to 284 genera from 11 divisions. The taxonomic structure of the algal flora is analyzed, as well as the distribution of algae according to biotopes. Twenty-seven new to the science taxa (one genus, 10 species, three varieties, and 13 forms) are described from the Rhodopes. Some rare and endangered species are determined, of which Tolypella intricata (Chаrophyta) rates CR (critically endangered) according to IUCN (1994). A list of all taxa is supplied with the respective literary sources. Key words: algae, biodiversity, distribution, biotopes, Rhodopes, Bulgaria.
Overview of the algal studies in the Rhodopes Two stages stand out in the algal studies of the Rhodopes. The first data on algae were reported at the turn of the last century (PETKOFF, 1904). They marked the start of the first stage, which covers the period 1904-1950 and is chiefly connected with the name of Stefan Petkoff, the founder of algology in Bulgaria. He engaged in floristic studies, mainly based on single-time collected material from various localities and biotopes, mainly in the Western Rhodopes (PETKOFF, 1904-1914; 1934-1935; 1950). His results are contained in his contributions (PETKOFF, 1904, 1906a, 1906в, 1907, 1908), his studies of the charophytes in Bulgaria (PETKOFF, 1913, 1914, 1934), of the algae from Southwest Bulgaria (PETKOFF, 1910), and in one publication from 1950 dedicated to the Rhodopes (PETKOFF, 1950) S. Petkoff reported information on algae from various divisions with prevalence of Chlorophyta and Zygnemophyta. He also described 16 taxa new to the science (one species, two varieties and 13 forms). It deserves mentioning the fact that already in 1929 S. Petkoff pointed out that under the impact of anthropogenic factors algal flora underwent some adverse changes (PETKOFF, 1929). There are also some fragmentary and sporadic data on the distribution of Chrysophyta, Euglenophyta, Dinophyta, Cryptophyta, Cyanoprokaryota, and
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Chlorophyta species in the Rhodopes reported by VALKANOV (1926, 1928), DRAGANOV (1964, 1965), TEMNISKOVA (1965) and SEMERZIEV et. al. (1980). The second stage of the algal studies covers the second half of the last century (19502005). It comprises purposeful, long-term studies of lakes, swamps and water reservoirs. Some modern methods have been already used: analysis of the taxonomic structure, quantitative analysis, statistical methods, analysis of bioindicator species, and various indexes for the assessment of state of surface waters. These studies were carried out in several directions: floristics, chorology, taxonomy, monitoring, and hydrobiology. Some new to the science taxa have been described (one genus, eight species and one variety); detailed biometric studies were carried out on some species of the order Zygnemales, a regional biomonitring station was set up. In the 1960s, and especially in the 1970s of the last century, D. Vodeničarov and I. Kirjakov carried out large-scale studies in the Rhodopes, thus filling in the gaps in algal biodioversity in various regions, mainly in the Western Rhodopes (KIRJAKOV, 1971, 19741994; VODENIČAROV, 1958-1969, VODENIČAROV&BENDERLIEV, 1971a, 1971в). They mainly reported data on the green, zygnemophytes, euglenophytes, and blue-green algae. I. Kirjakov and D. Vodeničarov dedicated over 20 years of study to the taxonomic composition of algae in Smolyanski and Chairski lakes (KIRJAKOV, 1971; KIRJAKOV& VODENIČAROV, 1984, 1987a, 1987в, 1988). These lakes are the only two groups of landslide lakes in the mountain massif of the Rhodopes. They are situated at altitudes between 1590 m and 1300 m and some of them had been turned into fish-breeding basins in different periods of time. A rich and diverse algal flora was identified there amounting to 576 species, varieties and forms: Chlorophyta -194, Zygnematophyta -188, Cyanoprokaryota - 74, and 120 of Chrysophyta, Botrydiophyta and Euglenophyta. A varied diatom flora has been established too in Smolyanski and Chairski lakes (TEMNISKOVA & DIMITROVA, 1983). It consistеd of 189 species, varieties and forms of diatoms, referred to 28 genera. The coefficient of occurrence of the species was determined and diatoms with known ecology were ecologically analyzed. The genera Pinnularia, Gomphonema, Eunotia, Fragilaria, Navicula, Cymbella prevailed. Tetracyclus, Cyclotella, Cocconeis, etc. were poorly represented. Melosira varians, Tabellaria flocculosa and Cymbella gracilis, showed the highest coefficient of occurrence, followed by Tabellaria fenestrata, Gomphonema acuminatum, G. gracile, etc. Most abundant were Tabellaria flocculosa, T. fenestrata, Cymbella gracilis, Eunotia pectinalis var. minor, Epithemia zebra var. porcellus, Pinnularia viridis, Fragilaria construens var. venter, etc. Smolyanski and Chairski lakes attracted the attention of hydrobiologists V. Najdenov and D. Saiz (NAJDENOV & SAIZ, 1983). During their studies of the Trigrad-Yagodina region they investigated two micro water reservoirs, eight Smolyanski (the highest Samodivsko, as well as Blatisto, Bistro, Lugash, Mezinski Gyol, Salasha, Miloushevo, and Ormanovo lakes) and three Chairski lakes (Sini Vir, Zablatenoto and Dolnoto). They identified 137 species, varieties and forms in the region: Chlorophyta - 76, Bacillariophyta -36, Euglenophyta -10, and 4-5-6 taxa each of the other divisions. The authors traced out the seasonal distribution and relative density of algae in Trigrad-Yagodina region in the period 1976-1980. They described various bloomings in the lakes: spring, spring-summer, summer, summer-autumn, and autumn blooming caused by Dinobryon divergens, Tabellaria fenestrata, Gonatozygon monotaenium, Botryococcus braunii, Asterionella formosa, etc.
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On the basis of lake material six new to the science taxa have been described: one genus, four species and one variety (VODENIČAROV, 1960; VODENIČAROV & KIRJAKOV, 1970; VODENITCHAROV & BENDERLIEV, 1971a, 1971в; KIRJAKOV, 1980). Biometric studies were conducted on Oedogonium borisianum (Lecbare) Wittr. (VODENIČAROV, 1969), Quadriqula closterioides (Bohlin) Printz. (VODENIČAROV & KIRJAKOV, 1969), as well as on nine species of the genera Zygnema, Mougeotia and Spirogyra (VODENIČAROV & KIRJAKOV, 1980a, 1980в, 1981, 1982). Size parameters, length and diameter of various cell types (vegetative cells, gametangia, zygotes) were investigated too. The credit for the phytoplankton studies carried out in Batak (NAIDENOW, 1964a, 1964в, 1968; LUDSKANOVA, 1967; SAIZ, 1977) and Dospat water reservoirs (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1977) goes chiefly to V. Najdenov and D. Saiz. The reported taxonomic composition does not claim to be exhaustive, especially as regards to the greens, diatom and euglenophytes, but these hydrobiological publications give a fair idea of the mass-developing and often widest distributed species. Their seasonal dynamics is traced out, as well as the seasonal and annual changes in the species composition. The phytoplankton in the micro water reservoirs above Orfey chalet (near Kastrakli Reserve and above Borino village) was studied too (NAJDENOV & SAIZ, 1983). BELCHEVA (1959) provided fragmentary data on the phytoplankton in V. Kolarov Water Reservoir. Algal studies carried out in relation to the selection and organization of observation points and biological monitoring stations, one of which is Rozhen station in the Rhodopes, have contributed to the clarification of biodiversity in that part of the mountain. In the period 1983-1986 hydrobotanical studies were held. Some 427 species and intraspecific algal taxa were identified. The bioindicator species were analyzed for saprobity and their saprobiological index after Pantle-Buck was calculated, as well as the indexes after Thunmark and Nygaard (VODENIČAROV & et. al., 1987). This laid a good basis for assessment of the saprobic status and eutrophication of surface species in the region.
Algal biodiversity Taxonomic composition The summary and analysis of algal biodiversity is based on literary sources covering the study period 1904-2005 and on some unpublished materials by I. Kirjakov. The annexed list (Annex 1) features each species, variety and form with the respective literary source, and for the unpublished material the localities and biotopes are given according to KIRJAKOV (in litt). A number of publications contain undetermined species not included by us in the list, except in cases when such an undetermined species is the only representative of a given genus in the presented flora. The taxa are listed according to their publication, without corrections in synonymy, with the exception of Charophyta, which have been recently revised by E. Blajenčič and D. Temniskova. Such decision was due to the rather frequent and profound changes in the synonymy of some genera, the lack of consensus on many changes, the lack of own revision which would have certainly resulted in the dropout of some intraspecific taxa and even species. So we felt obligated to retain the names published by the authors and feel
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D. TEMNISKOVA, I. KIRJAKOV
confident that any algologist specialized in a certain group would duly cope with the material and will excuse us for leaving, for instance, some Melosira species that have been referred to the genus Aulacoseira, or the Synedra species referred to Fragilaria, as well as for the new, or restored old species separated from Navicula, Achnanthes, etc. A rich algal flora was identified in the Rhodopes. Its taxonomic richness was determined by the diverse biotopes and habitats. There have been established 1257 species, varieties and forms, belonging to 284 genera and 11 divisions. Their distribution by divisions is featured in Table 1. The greatest diversity was manifested by Zygnemophyta: 362 species, varieties and forms accounting for 28. 8% of the identified algal flora, followed by Chlorophyta with 319 (25. 4%), Bacillariophyta - 238 (18. 9%), Cyanoprokaryota - 117 (9. 3%), and T a b l e 1. Algal biodiversity in the Rhodopes Division
Genusand forms
Species
Varieties
Total
32 5 21 11 43 1 6 21 113 29 2 284
103 13 38 37 158 1 6 86 267 243 2 954
14 —— 6 2 80 28 52 119 2 303
117 13 44 39 238 1 6 114 319 362 4 1257
Cyanoprokaryota Rhodophyta Chrysophyta(incl. Primnesiophyta) Botrydiophyta(incl. Eustigmatophyta) Bacillariophyta Cryptophyta Dinophyta Euglenophyta Chlorophyta Zygnemophyta Charophyta Total
Fig. 1. % of algae in total algoflora
Algae
137
Euglenophyta -114 (9. 1%) (Fig. 1 - % of algae in total algoflora. It is worth mentioning the diversity of the freshwater red algae: five genera with 13 species. In terms of generic diversity Chlorophyta is in the lead with 113 genera. The other groups rate as follows: Bacillariophyta with 43 genera, Cyanoprokaryota 32, Zygnemophyta - 29, Chrysophyta and Euglenophyta with 21 each. Out of 284 algal genera altogether, only 53 have over five species and intraspecific taxa. The remaining genera are represented by one to five taxa. The greatest species diversity was manifested by the genera Cosmarium - 81, Scenedesmus - 65, Closterium - 53, Trachelomonas - 44, Staurastrum - 37, Pinnularia - 34, Euastrum - 32, Penium and Oscillatoria with 22 each, Navicula -21, and Eunotia - 20. Taxa new to the science From the various localities and biotopes in the Rhodopes 27 new to the science taxa have been described: one genus, 10 species, three varieties, and 13 forms. They are referred to the euglenophytes, green, zygnemales, and charophytes, as follows: Trachelomonas rhodopensis Valkanov (Euglenophyta); Neglectella Vodenič. et Benderl., Neglectella eremosphaerophila Vodenič. et Benderl., Closteridium petkovii Vodenič., Micractinium valkanovii Vodenič., Trochiscia stellata Vodenič. et Benderliev, Scenedesmus pseudohelveticus var. bicaudatus Kirjakov, Pediastrum boryanum var. brevicorne f. glabra Petkoff (Chlorophyta); Closterium didymotocum var. baibyanum f. major Petkoff, C. ehrenbergii f. rhodopea Petkoff, C. ehrenbergii f. curtum Petkoff, C. jenerii f. longior Petkoff, C. jenerii f. minus curvata Petkoff, C. petkovii Vodenič., Cosmarium gracile var. major Petkoff, C. rostratum var. brevistratum f. longior Petkoff, C. thweitesii f. minor Petkoff, Euastrum bidentatum f. glabrum Petkoff, E. binale var. retusum f. minor Petkoff, Netrium digitus var. constrictum f. minor Petkoff, N. interruptum var. minor Petkoff, Penium didymocarpum f. major Petkoff, Spirogyra acumbentis Vodenič., S. cavata Vodenič., S. rhodopea Petkoff, S. spinescens Kirjakov, (Zygnemophyta); Chara vulgaris var. gymnophylla f. elongata (Petkoff) Blaz. et Temn. (Charophyta). After a revision, some of the forms described by S. Petkoff, especially the Closterium species, would probably drop out. Most of them were differentiated on the strength of their size parameters alone and unfortunately were not described in detail. Taxa New to the Rhodopes According to some unpublished materials by I. Kirjakov, this article reports for the first time for the Rhodopes the following: eight genera (Bodo, Phaeоtаmnion, Glenodinium, Euastriopsis, Platymonas, Siderocelis, Sphaerelopsis, and Tetrastrum), 37 species, 10 speceis and one form, or 56 taxa altogether. Their distribution by divisions is as follows: Cyanoprokaryota - Anabaena solitaria, A. variabilis f. rotundispora; Chrococcus cochaerus, Cylindrospermum musciola, C. majus, Gloeotrichia longicauda, Merismopedia punctata, M. tennissima, Nostoc linkia f. carneum, Oscillatoria amoena, O. beggiatoiformis f. phormidioides, O. tennis f. tergestina, Spirulina major; Chrysophyta - Bodo repens, Dinobryon divergens var. angulatum, Lagynion scherfelli Phaetotamnion confervicola var. brytanica Botrydiophyta - Goniochloris pulchra, Mischococcus confervicola, Ophiocytium arbuscula Preudostaurastrum enorme, Tribonema affine, T. minus, T. reglare Dinophyta - Glenodinium montanum; Euglenophyta - Peranema macromastix;
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D. TEMNISKOVA, I. KIRJAKOV
Chlorophyta - Chlamydomonas pertusa, Euastriopsis richteri Kirchneriella intermedia, Microspora palustris, M. platensis var. minor, Microthamnion strictissimum f. macrocystis, Nephrochlamys allanthoidea, N. willeana, Pediastrum tetras var. tetraodon, Platymonas cordiformis, Scenedesmus caribeanus, S. communis, S. denticulatus var. linearis, S. incrassatulus, Siderocelis orntata, Sphaerelopsis aulata, Tetraлdron minimum var. scrobiculatum, Tetrastrum glabrum, Trentepohlia annulata, Ulothrix tenuissima; Zygnemophyta - Closterium acerosum f. elongatum, C. kьtzingii, C. pritchardianum, Cosmarium granulatum, C. rectangulare Annex 1 features the locations and biotopes in which the above-mentioned species are distributed.
Algal distribution according to biotopes The algae have been identified in various natural and artificial biotopes and their biodiversity by biotope type is reflected in Table 2. Lakes showed the most diverse and rich algal flora: 826 species, varieties and forms accounting for 65. 7% of the total number of algae represented in the Rhodopes. They are followed by flooded areas and slow-running waters with 224 species, varieties and forms (17. 8%), swamps with 123 (9. 8%), peat bogs 96 (7. 6%), artificial water reservoirs and dams 85 (6. 8%), and fish-breeding ponds 76 (6%). In terms of distribution of different algal groups in the various biotopes, the bluegreen algae occur in almost all of them -16, zygnemophytes, in 14, green algae in 12, euglenophytes in 11, and diatoms in 9. The other algal groups are restricted to few biotopes, owing to their insufficient study and ecological demands. Eighty-seven species and intraspecific taxa of the algal flora are widely distributed in the Western Rhodopes. They occur most frequently in lakes, swamps, water reservoirs, and fish-breeding ponds; some are encountered in flooded areas and slow-running waters, peat bogs and marshes. Of the Cyanophyta these are: Chroococcus turgidus, Microcystis aeruginosa, Nostoc microscopium, followed by Synecococcus aeruginosus and Oscillatoria amphibia; Chrysophyta - Chrysopyxis ivanoffii; Dinobryon divergens, D. sertularia, Synura splendida; Botrydiophyta - Opiocytium lagerheimii, O. cochleare, Tribonema aequale, T. viride; Bacillariophyta - Amphora ovalis, Asterionella gracillima, A. formosa, Ceratoneis arcus, Cymbella cymbiformis, Cymatopleura solea, Diatoma hiemale, D. vulgare, Fragilaria crotonensis, Gomphonema acuminatum, G. constrictum, Hantzschia amphyoxis, Melosira granulata (= Aulacoseira granulata (Ehr. ) Sim. ), M. varians, Pinnularia major, P. viridis, P. interrupta, Stauroneis phoenicentron, Synedra ulna (= Fragilaria ulna (Ntzsch. ) L. Bert. ), Synedra acus var. radians (= F. tenera (W. Sm) L. Bert. ), Tabellaria fenestrata, T. flocculosa; Dinophyta - Ceratium hirundinella; Euglenophyta - Euglena acus, E. spirogyra, Phacus longicauda, Ph. pleuronestes, Petalomonas mediocanellata and var. disomata, Entosiphon sulcatus, Trachelomonas hispida with varieties, T. lacustris with varieties, T. oblonga var. punctata, T. rugolosa, T. volvocina with varieties; Chlorophyta - Ankistrodesmus fusiformis, Botryococcus braunii, Chaetophora elegans, Coelastrum microscopium, C. sphaericum, Crucigenia tertapedia, Dictyosphaerium ehrenbergianum, D. pulchellum, Draparnaldia glomerata, Eudorina elegans, Monoraphidium contortum, Nephrochlamys allanthoidea, Pandorina morum, Pediastrum boryanum, P. tetras, Scenedesmus acuminatus, S. armatus, S. bijugatus, S. quadricauda, Tetraedron minimum, Tetraspora gelatinosa, Volvox aureus;
31 35 35 123 9.8
826 65.7
6 4 1 41 3.3
16 28 114 3 224 17.8
2
181 1 6 66 230 212
8
46
6
35 9
5
65
30
18 4
2
14 1
96 7.6
8 66
16
5 1
23 1.8
19
1
1
2
31 2.5
10 10 5
3
1
2
3 0.2
3
7 0.6
4
1
2
10 0.8
3
1
6
6 0.5
6
85 6.8
8 1 2 12 37 13
8
4
12 0.9
5 2 2
1
2
76 6
20 42 2
10
1
1
16 1.3
5 5 1
2
2 1
3 0.2
2
1
Rivers Flooded Warm Lakes Swamps Peat Marshes Puddles Litho- Moist Moist Mosses Dams Canals FishWater Fountains and areas mineral ponds bogs thelms soils rocks breeding fountain springs and waters and ponds troughs slowtrunks running waters
Cyanoprokaryota 4 Rhodophyta 9 Chrysophyta 1 (incl.Primnesiophyta) Botrydiophyta (incl. Eustigmatophyta) Bacillariophyta Cryptophyta Dinophyta Euglenophyta 2 Chlorophyta 9 Zygnemophyta 7 Charophyta 2 total 34 % of the total 2.7 number of algae
Division / Biotope
T a b l e 2. Algal biodiversity according to biotopes types
Algae 139
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D. TEMNISKOVA, I. KIRJAKOV
Zygnemophyta - Artrodesmus convergens, Closterium acerosum, C. ehrenbergii, C. moniliferum, C. rostratum, Cosmarium leave, Cylindrocystis brebissonii, Desmidium schwartzii, Gonatozygon brebissonii, Hyalotheca dissiliens, Micrasterias papilifera, Spirotaenia condensata, Staurastrum gracile. The freshwater red algae characteristically inhabit the rivers and brooks of the Western Rhodopes and the species of the genus Lemanea occur there most frequently. Some genera and quite a number of species and intraspecific taxa reported from locations in the Rhodopes, chiefly from the lakes, are new to Bulgaria: Eucapsis minuta, Lyngbia hieronimusii, L. limnetica, L. stagnina, Mycrocystis firma, Nostoc coeruleum, Scytonema subtile (Cyanoprocaryota); Chrysopyxis ascendens, Ch. grandis, Dinobryon elegantissimum, D. eurystoma, D. stokesii, D. stokesii var. neustonicum, Epipyxis planctonica, E. utriculus, E. utriculus var. pusilla, Kephyrion rubri-claustri, Kybotion ellipsoideum, Lepochromulina calyx, Malomonas hirsuta (Сhrysophyta); Characiopsis acuta, Ch. anabaenae f. major, Ch. borziana, Ch. fallax, Ch. longipes, Ch. minima, Ch. pernana , Ch. pyriformis f. subsessilis, Ch. sphagnicola, Chytridiochloris viridis, Mischococcus sphaerocephallus, Tribonema aequale, T. intermyxtum, T. utriculosum, T. vulgare (Botrydiophyta); Ankistrodesmus densus, Dictyospaerium elegans, Gloeotila scopulina, Porochloris filamentorum, Ulothrix bipirenoidosa (Chlorophyta); Closerium eboracense, C. peracerosm var. elegans, Cosmarium nitidulus var. javanicum, Hyalotheca mucosa, Pleurotaenium minimum, P. eugenerum, Roja anglica, R. pseudoclosterium Sphaerozosma vertebratum, Spondilosium papillosum, Spirogуra farlovii, Staurodesmus clepsidra, S. extensus (Zygnemophyta); Gyropaygne kosmos (Euglenophyta) (KIRJAKOV, 1971, 1981c, 1982, 1984a, 1989; TEMNISKOVA & DIMITORVA, 1983; KIRJAKOV & VODENIČAROC, 1984, 1988). Rare and endangered species It is difficult to differentiate the rare species in the Rhodopes, owing to the fact that the Eastern Rhodopes are still not studied and that algological studies of various biotopes in the Western Rhodopes are still insufficient. That is why we shall list some species rare for Bulgaria and known only for the Rhodopes, usually from one location: Lemanea ciliata, L. sudetica (Rhodophyta), Stenopterobia intermedia (Lewis) Brйb. = St. curvulae (W. Smith) Krammer (Bacillariophyta); Characiopsis acuta, Ch. borziana, Chytridiochloris viridis (Botrydiophyta), Epipyxis planctonica, Kephyrion rubri–claustri, Kybotion ellipsoideum (Chrysophyta); Gyropaygne kosmos (Euglenophyta), Geminella minor (Chlorophyta), etc. A matter of interest presents the identification of such species in the Rhodopes as Eucapsis minuta, Ulothrix bipirenoidosa, Cosmarium nitidilus var. javanicum after Krieger Some endangered species occur in the Rhodopes too. According to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN, 1994), Tolypella intricata (Charophyta) falls into the CR (Critically Endangered) category. The species is distributed only in some stagnant waters of Beglika water reservoir (PETKOFF, 1913, 1914). The freshwater red algae Thorea ramosissima, Hildebrandia rivularis, Batrachospermum moniliforme, and the Lemanea species should be added too to the endangered species. Owing to progressive pollution of the rivers, springs and to water cachments in recent years, these algae gradually disappear. In a broader, national plan that fact brings forth the urgent issue of preparation of a Red List of Rare and Endangered Algal species in Bulgaria and its inclusion into the Red Data Book of the country.
Algae
141
Protection of algal biodiversity, of the rare and endangered species, relates, above all, to protection of water basins and to declaring some territories or single basins outside the aquatic habitats protected territories. On the basis of a drastically adverse trend observed in recent years and related to the shrinking of locations of freshwater red algae inhabiting the pure running waters, the tributaries of the rivers Vucha, Trigradska, Mouglenska, Arda, Chepelarska, etc. have been proposed to be declared protected territories (TEMNISKOVA et. al., 2005).
Conclusion An overview of the algal studies in the Rhodopes and an analysis of the algal flora have shown the following: the algal studies mainly relate to the Western Rhodopes. The algal flora is relatively well studied there, though still insufficiently. Irrespective of the established biodiversity, the analysis has shown gaps in the more comprehensive investigation, or very poor studies of single algal groups and various biotopes. The unequal study of biotopes stands clearly out. The biodiversity in the lakes Smolyanski and Chairski deserve mentioning. It is due not only to the specificities of the basins themselves, but to a great extent to their thorough and long-term investigation. Diatoms - an algal type poorly, sporadically or altogether unstudied in the other biotopes - are described in detail in them too. In the swamps, peat bogs, marshes, small lakes, water reservoirs, and fish-breeding ponds some of the algae are still not comprehensively and systematically studied (Chlorophyta, Zygnemophyta, Euglenophyta, Cyanoprokaryota), while others are very poorly investigated (Cryptophyta, Dinophyta, Chrysophyta). The algal flora of rivers, streams, soils, wet rocks, and mosses is still unexplored. Algal studies in the Eastern Rhodopes are still sporadic and reduced to some very limited floristic data from the Haskovo mineral baths, Momchilgrad, the small lakes near Lebed and Doushinkovo villages, and Kardjali town and district. That is why the presented algal biodiversity of the Rhodopes is incomplete and one could expect an enhancement of the species composition there.
Annex 1. List of algae from the Rhodopes Cyanoprokaryota Anabaena catenula (Kütz. ) Born. et Flah. var. solitaria (Klebs) Geitl. (Draganov, 1964; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). A. contorta Bachm. (Petkoff, 1950). Swamp above Slaveino village – Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt.). A. flos-aquae (Lyngb. ) Bréb. (Petkoff, 1950). A. lapponivca Borge (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). A. oscillarioides Bory (Petkoff, 1950; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). A. solitatia Kleb. Swamp above Slaveino village – Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). A. spiroides Kleb. (Ludskanova, 1967). A. variabilis Kütz. f. rotundispora Holl. Canal near Peshtera town (Kirjakov, in litt. ).
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Aphanothece bullosa (Menegh. ) Rabenh. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). A. castangei (Bréb. ) Rabenh. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). A. clathrata W. et G. S. West (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). A. elabens (Bréb. ) Elenk. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). A. microscopica Näg. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). A. pallida Rabenh. (Belceva, 1959). A. saxicola Näg. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). A. stagnina (Schpreng. ) Boye-Peters et Geitl. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Aulosira laxa Kirchn. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). A. striata Woronich. (Kirjakov, 1981b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Calothryx braunii Born. et Flah. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). C. elenkinii Kossinsk. (Kirjakov 1982; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). C. epiphytica W. et G. S. West (Kirjakov1981c; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). C. fusca (Kütz. ) Born. et. Flah. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). C. parietina (Näg. )Thuret (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). C. ramenskii Elenk. f. minor (Woronich. ) V. Poljansk. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Chamaesiphon polonicus (Rostaf. ) Hansg. (Vodenicarov, 1962). Chroococcus cochaerens (Bréb. ) Nag. – Calcareous rocks above Kuklen village - Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). Ch. minutus (Kiessler) Lemm. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Swamp above the Kuklen village Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). Ch. turgidus (Kütz. ) Näg. (Petkoff, 1906a, 1908, 1950; Vodenicarov, 1961; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Cylindrospermum alatosporum Fritsch (Draganov, 1964; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984) C. majus Kütz. (Petkoff 1950). Moist wall in Hrabrino village – Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). C. marchicum Lemm. (Kirjakov, 1971). Cylindrospermum muscicola Kütz. Canal near Peshtera town (Kirjakov, in litt. ). Dactylococopsis linearis Geitl. (Kirjakov, 1971; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Eucapsis alpina Clements et Chantz. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). E. minor (Skuja) Holl. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). E. minuta F. E. Fritsch (Kirjakov, 1981c; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Gloeocapsa minuta (Kütz. ) Holl. (Semerziev et al., 1980). Gloeothece confluens Näg. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). G. heuflerii Grun. (Vodenicarov, 1961). G. wittrockiana Lagerh. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Gloeotrichia longicauda Schmidle. Lake near Lebed village – Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). G. natans (Hedw. ) Rabenh. f. gigantea Kirchn. (Vodenicarov, 1958). Gomphospseria apponina Kütz. (Kirjakov, 1982; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). G. lacustris Chod. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Hapalosiphon flexuosus Borzi (Vodenicarov, 1960à; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Lyngbia hieronimusii Lemm. (Kirjakov, 1981c; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). L. lacustris Lemm. (Kirjakov, 1981c; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). L. lmnetica Lemm. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). L. limnetica Lemm. f. jaculata Kisell. (Kirjakov, 1981c; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). L. molischii Vouk (Semerziev et al., 1980). L. perelegans Lemm. (Semerziev et al., 1980). L. rigidula (Kutz. ) Hansg. (Petkoff, 1906a, 1908). L. stagnina Kütz. (Kirjakov, 1981c; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Merismopedia punctata Meyen. Swamp above Kuklen village – Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). M. tenuissima Lemm. Floods near Zagrazhden village – Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt. ).
Algae
143
M. glauca (Ehr) Näg. (Petkoff, 1929; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Microchaete tenera Thuret (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). M. tenuissima Lemm. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Microcoleus chthonoplaster (Fl. Dan. ) Thr. (Petkoff, 1906a, 1908). Microcystis aeruginosa Kütz. (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Saiz, 1977; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). M. grevillei (Hass. ) Elenk. emend. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). M. firma (Bréb et Lenourm) Schmidle (Kirjakov, 1981c; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). M. pulverea (Wood) Forty in Elenk. (Petkoff, 1929; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). M. pulverea (Wood) Forty in Elenk. f. incerta (Lemm. ) Elenk. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Nodularia spumigera Mertens (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Nostoc coeruleum (Lyngb. ) Elenk. (Kirjakov, 1971). Stream near Madjarovo town - Haskovo region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). N. communae Vauch. (Petkoff, 1950; Draganov, 1965). Moist soil in Slaveino village – Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). N. linkia (Roth. ) Born. et Flah. in sensu Elenk. f. carneum (Ag. ) Elenk. Water on the way to Inoglovo place above Slaveino village - Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). N. microscopicum Carm. (Petkoff, 1906a, 1908; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Marsh near Zdravets village – close to Laki town and in swamp near Bratsigovo town (Kirjakov, in litt. ). N. paludosum Kütz. (Petkoff, 1950; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). N. sphaericum Vauch. (Petkoff, 1950). N. verrucosum Vauch. (Petkoff, 1950). Osillatoria agardhii Gom. (Kirjakov, 1981c; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov , 1984). O. agardhii Gom. f. aequicrassa Elenk. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov , 1984). O. amoena (Kütz. ) Gom. Moist concrete wall in Madan town (Kirjakov, in litt. ). O. amphibia Ag. (Semerziev et al., 1980; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). O. beggiatoiformis (Grun. ) Gom. f. phormidioides Korrad. Film on the wall of Beevska fountain in Slaveino village - Smolyan region ( (Kirjakov, in litt. ). O. amphibia Ag. var. kützingiana (Näg. ) Geitl. (Petkoff, 1950). O. carbonicifila Prad. (Vodenicarov, 1967). O. curviceps Ag. (Petkoff, 1950). O. gracilis Bocher. (Kirjakov, 1981c; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). O. limnetica Lemm. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Fountain trough in Krastatitsa village - Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). O. limosa Ag. (Petkoff, 1950; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). O. major. Vauch. (Kirjakov, 1981c; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). O. neglecta Lemm. (Semerziev et al., 1980; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). O. nigra (Vauch. ) Ag. (Petkoff, 1906a, 1908). O. princeps Vauch. (Petkoff, 1950). O. pseudogemminata G. Schmid (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). O. redeckei Van Goor (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). O. splendida Grev. (Petkoff, 1929). O. tenerrima Kütz. (Petkoff, 1906a, 1908, 1950). O. tenerrima Kütz. var. nigricans Hansg. (Petkoff, 1906, 1908, 1950). O. tenuis Ag. (Petkoff 1950; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). O. tenuis Ag. f. tergestina (Kütz. ) Elenk. Swamp above Kuklen village – Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt.). Phormidium automnale (Ag. ) Gomont (Petkoff, 1950). Ph. uncinatum Gom. (Petkoff, 1929). Polycystis marginata (Menegh. ) Richter (Petkoff, 1906a; 1908). Pseudoanabaena minuta Skuja (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984).
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Romeria gracilis Kocwara (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Scytonema crispum (Ag. ) Born. (S. cincinatum Thur. f. pauciramosa) (Petkoff, 1929). S. mutabile (Dillw. ) Bornet. (Petkoff, 1950). S. myochrous (Dillw. ) Ag. (Vodenicarov, 1961). S. ocellatum Lyngb. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov 1984). S. subtile Moeb. (Kirjakov, 1981c; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Spirulina albida Kolkw. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov 1984). Swamp near Bratsigovo town (Kirjakov in litt. ). S. major Kütz. Pepelashka River above Hrabrino village - Plovdiv region (Kirjakov in litt. ). S. subtilissima Kütz. (Petkoff, 1929; Petkoff, 1950. ) S. subtilissima Kutz. var. thermalis (Menegh. ) Kabh. (Petkoff, 1906a, 1908. ) Stygonema hormoides (Kütz. ) Born et Flah. (Kirjakov, 1981c; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. ocellatum (Dillv. ) Thur. (Petkoff, 1950; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984) S. panniforme (Ag. ) Born. et Flah. (Petkoff, 1950). Synecococcus aeruginosus Näg. (Vodenicarov, 1961; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. cedrorum Sauv. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. major Schröter (Petkoff, 1950; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Tetrapedia emarginata Schrod. (Belceva, 1959). Tolypothrix tenuis Kütz. (Kirjakov, 1981c; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). T. tenuis Kütz. f. lanata (Wartm. ) Kossinsk. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Rhodophyta Batrachospermum moniliformae Roth. (Petkoff, 1929, 1950; Vodenicarov et al., 1991). Chantransia chalibea (Lyngb. ) Fries. (Petkoff, 1929). Chantransia pygmea Kütz. (Vodenicarov et al., 1991). Hilderbrandia rivularis (Leibm. ) J. Ag. (Petkoff, 1929; Stoyneva et al., 2002). Lemanea fluviatilis C. Ag. (Petkoff, 1950; Vodenicarov, 1960d; Vodenicarov et al., 1991). Shirokolashka River above Shiroka laka village (Kirjakov, in litt. ). L. sudetica Kütz. (Vodenicarov et al., 1991). L. ciliata (Sirod. ) De Toni (Vodenicarov et al., 1991). L. mamillosa (Sirod. ) De Toni (Vodenicarov et al., 1991). L. nodosa Kütz. (Vodenicarov et al., 1991). L. catenata Kütz. (Vodenicarov et al., 1991). L. torulosa Roth. ) Ag. (Vodenicarov et al., 1991). Thorea ramosissima Bory (Petkoff, 1904, 1929; Vodenicarov et al., 1991). Chrysophyta Anthophysa vegetans Stein (Najdenow, 1964a). Bodo repens Klebs. Chairski Lakes near Trigrad town – Smolyan region, puddle in Slaveino village – Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). Catenochrysis hyspida (Philips) Ðerman (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Chromulina sp. (Vodenicarov, 1967; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Chrysopyxis ascendens Wisl. (Krjakov, 1981; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Ch. grandis Pasch. (Kirjakov, 1981; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Ch. ivanoffii Laut. (Vodenicarov, 1960c; Kirjakov, 1981; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Ch. stenostoma Laut. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Chrysosphaera paludosa (Korsch. ) Bourr. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Ch. longispina Laut. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Derepyxis sp. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Dinobryon bavaricum Imhof (Ludskanova, 1967; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). D. cylindricum Imhof (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988).
Algae
145
D. divergens Imhof (Najdenow, 1964a, 1975; Saiz, 1977; Najdenow & Saiz, 1977, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). D. divergens Imhof var. angulatum (Seligo) Brunnth. Lake near Dushinkovo village – Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). D. elegantissimum (Korsch. ) Bourr. (Kirjakov, 1984a; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). D. eurystoma (Stokes) Lemm. (Kirjakov, 1984a; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). D. marchicum Lemm. (Valkanov, 1928). D. sertularia Ehr. (Valkanov, 1926, 1928; Ludskanova, 1967; Kirjakov, 1981, 1982; Najdenov & Saiz 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Swamp above the Kuklen village – Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). D. sertularia Ehr. var. protuberans (Lemm. ) Krieg. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). D. sociale Ehr. var. americanum (Brunnth. ) Bachm. (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). D. stokesii Lemm. (Kirjakov, 1984a; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). D. stokesii Lemm. var. neustonicum Peters. et Hazen (Kirjakov, 1984a; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). D. utriculus Stein (Kirjakov, 1981b, 1982). Epipyxis planctonica Hill. et Asm. (Kirjakov, 1984a; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). E. utriculus Ehr. (Kirjakov, 1982; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). E. utriculus Ehr. var. pusilla Lemm. ) Hill. et Asm. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Hydrurus foetidus (Will. ). Trevisan (Valkanov, 1926, 1928; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Kephyrion rubri-claustri Conrad (Kirjakov, 1984a). Kybotion ellipsoideum R. H. Tompson (Kirjakov, 1989). K. globosum (Matw. ) Bourr. (Kirjakov, 1982; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Lagynion infundibuliformae Starm. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). L. scherffelii Pasch. Swamp near Bratsigovo town (Kirjakov, in litt. ). Lepochromulina calyx Scherffel (Kirjakov, 1984a; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Malomonas fresenii Kent. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov , 1988). M. hirsuta Conrad (Kirjakov, 1984a; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Monas sp. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov , 1988). Phaeotamnion confervicola Lag. var. brytanica Godw. Swamp above Kuklen village – Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt.). Rhizochrysis scherffelii Pasch. (Saiz, 1977). Salpingoeca bütschlii Lemm. (Kirjakov, 1984a; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Malka Arda River below Slaveino village – Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). Synura splendida Korsch. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). S. uvella Ehr. (Belceva, 1959; Najdenow, 1964a; Vodenicarov, 1967; Najdenow & Saiz, 1977; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). S. sphagnicola (Najdenow, 1964a). Uroglena volvox Ehr. (Saiz, 1977; Najdenow & Saiz, 1977). Botrydiophyta Characiopsis acuta (A. Br.) Borzi (Kirjakov, 1981c; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Ch. anabaenae Pasch. f. major (Ettl) Ded. -Stceg. (Kirjakov, 1981c, 1982; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Ch. borziana Lemm. (Kirjakov, 1984a; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Ch. falax Pasch. in Ettl (Kirjakov, 1984a; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Lithotelm close to Kutelska River near Slaveino village – Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt.). Ch. longipes (Rabench. ) Borzi (Kirjakov, 1981c; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Ch. minima Pasch. (Kirjakov, 1984a; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Ch. minuta (A. Br. ) Lemm. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Lithotelm close to Kutelska River near Slaveino village – Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt.). Ch. pernana Pasch. (Kirjakov, 1981c; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988).
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Ch. pyriformis (A. Br. ) Borzi f. subsessilis Ded. -Stceg. (Kirjakov, 1989). Ch. sphagnicola Pasch. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Chytridiochloris viridis (Scherff. ) Ettl (Kirjakov, 1981c, 1982; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Ducelliera chodatti (Ducel.) Teil. (Kirjakov, 1981; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Goniochloris fallax Fott (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Lake near Lebed village – Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt.). G. pulchra Pasch. Lake near Lebed village – Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). G. sculpta Geitl. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Heterothrix mucicola Ettl. Lake near the Hrabrino village – Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt.). Mischococcus confervicola Näg. Swamp above Kuklen village – Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt.). M. sphaerocephallus Visch. (Kirjakov, 1984a; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Ophiocytium arbuscula (A. Br. ) Rab. Swamp above Kuklen village – Plovdiv region and swamp near Bratsigovo village (Kirjakov, in litt.). O. capitatum Wolle (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). O. cochleare (Eichw. ) A. Br. (Vodenicarov, 1967; Kirjakov, 1982; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Swamp above Kuklen village – Plovdiv region and Swamp near Bratsigovo village (Kirjakov, in litt.). O. lagerheimii Lemm. (Kirjakov, 1982; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Swamp above Kuklen village – Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt.). O. majus Näg. (Vodencarov, 1960a, 1967; Kirjakov, 1989; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Swamp near Bratsigovo village and Swamp in Yundola Camp - Velingrad region (Kirjakov, in. litt.). O. parvulum (Perty) A. Br. (Vodencarov, 1960a, 1960c, 1967; Kirjakov, 1982, 1989; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Swamp near Bratsigovo village, Swamp in Yundola Camp - Velingrad region and lake near Lebed village – Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt.). Peroniella curvipes Pasch. (Vodenicarov, 1967; Kirjakov, 1981c; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Pseudostaurastrum enorme (Ralfs) Chod. Swamp above Kuklen village – Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt.). P. hastatum (Reinsch. ) Chod. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). P. limneticum (Borge) Chod. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Tribonema aequale Pasch. (Kirjakov, 1984a; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Flood in Zagrazhden village – Smolyan region and film on the wall of the Beevska fountain in Slaveino village - Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt.). T. affine (G. S. West) G. S. West. Small lake near Hrabrino village – Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt.). T. elegans Pasch. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). T. minus Hazen. Swamp near Bratsigovo town (Kirjakov, in litt. ). T. intermyxtum Pasch. (Kirjakov, 1984a). T. reglare Pasch. In fountain trough in Slaveino village – Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). T. utriculosum (Kütz. ) Hanzen (Kirjakov, 1984a). T. viride Pasch. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Swamp near Bratsigovo town and fountain trough in Slaveino village – Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). T. vulgare Pasch. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Vaucheria sesilis (Vauch. ) D C. (Petkoff, 1950). V. genuina (Vauch. ) DC. (Petkoff, 1950). V. terestris Lyngb. (Petkoff, 1908). Bacillariophyta Achnanthes exilis Kütz. (Petkoff, 1950). A. hungarica Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova , 1983). A. lanceolata (Bréb. ) Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). A. lanceolata (Bréb. ) Grun. f. capitata O. Mull. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). A. lanceolata (Bréb. ) Grun. var. rostrata (Ostr. ) Hust. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983).
Algae
147
A. lanceolata (Bréb. ) Grun. var. ventricosa Hust. In flood in Krastatitsa village – Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). A. microcephalla (Kütz. ) Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). A. nodosa A. Cl. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). Amphora ovalis Kütz. (Petkoff, 1950; Saiz, 1977; Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). A. ovalis Kutz. var. gracilis Ehr. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). Anomoeneis brachysira (Bréb. ) Grun. var. lanceolata (Mayer) Cl. E. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). Asterionella gracillima Hantszsch (Najdenow, 1964a, 1964â; Ludskanova, 1967; Najdenov & Saiz, 1977; Saiz, 1977). A. formosa Hass. (Najdenov, 1975; Najdenov & Saiz, 1977, 1983; Saiz, 1977). Lake near the Dushinkovo village – Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). Caloneis silicula (Ehr. ) Cl. var. minuta Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). C. silicula (Ehr. ) Cl. var. ventricosa (Ehr. ) Donk. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). Campylodiscus hibernicus Ehr. (Petkoff, 1929; 1950). Ceratoneis arcus (Ehr. ) Kütz. (Petkoff, 1950; Belceva, 1959; Ludskanova, 1967; Najdenow & Saiz, 1977, 1983; Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). Fish-breeding pond near the Dospat town (Kirjakov, in litt. ). C. arcus (Ehr. ) Kütz. var. amphioxys (Rabh. ) Brun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). Cocconeis pediculus Ehr. (Petkoff, 1950). C. placentula Ehr. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). C. placentula Ehr. var. euglypta (Ehr. ) Cl. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). C. placentula Ehr. var. tenuistriata Geitl. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). Cyclotella meneghiniana Kütz. (Kirjakov 1982). Fish-breeding pool near Dospat town (Kirjakov, in litt.). C. ocellata Pant. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). Cystopleura turgida (Ehr. ) Kunze (Petkoff, 1950). Cymbella aspera (Ehr. ) Cl. (Petkoff, 1950; Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). C. cymbiformis (Ag. ? Kütz. )V. H. (Petkoff, 1950; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). C. cuspidata Kütz. (Petkoff, 1950). C. gastroides Kütz. (Petkoff, 1950). C. gracilis (Rabenh. ) Cl. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). C. heteroplea Ehr. var. minor Cl. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). C. hybrida Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). C. laevis Naeg. (Petkoff, 1950). C. naviculiformis Auersw (Saiz, 1977; Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). C. parva (W. Sm. ) Cl. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). C. perpusilla A. Cl. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). C. tumida Bréb. (Petkoff, 1950). C. turgida (Greg. ) Cl. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). C. ventricosa Kütz. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). Cymatopleura elliptica (Bréb. ) W. Sm. (Petkoff, 1929, 1950). C. solea (Bréb. ) W. Sm. (Petkoff, 1950; Saiz, 1977; Najdenow & Saiz, 1977). Diatoma anceps (Ehr. ) Kirch. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). D. elongatum (Lyngb. ) Ag. var. tenuis (Ag. ) V. H. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). D. hiemale (Lyngb. ) Heib. - (Saiz, 1977; Petkoff, 1950; Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). Flood in Krastatitsa village – Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). D. hiemale (Lyngb. ) Heib. var. mesodon (Ehr. ) Grun. (Petkoff, 1950).
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D. vulgare Bory (Petkoff 1950; Najdenow, 1964a; Najdenow & Saiz, 1977, 1983). Swamp near Slaveino - Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). D. vulgare Bory aff. var. productum Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). Encyonema ventricosum (Ag. ) Grun. (Petkoff, 1950). Epithemia intermedia Fricke (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). E. sorex Kütz. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). E. turgida (Ehr. ) Kütz. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). E. turgida (Ehr. ) Kütz. var. capitata Fricke (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). E. turgida (Ehr. ) Kütz. var. granulata (Ehr. ) Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). E. zebra (Ehr. ) Kütz. (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). E. zebra (Ehr. ) Kütz. var. porcellus (Kütz. ) Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). E. zebra (Ehr. ) Kütz. var. saxonica (Kütz. ) Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). Eunotia arcus Ehr. (Petkîff, 1950). E. exigua (Bréb. ) Rabenh. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). E. diodon Ehr. (Petkoff 1950; (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). E. faba (Ehr. ) Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). E. faba (Ehr. ) Grun. var. densenstriata Ostr. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). E. gracilis (Ehr. ) Rabenh. (Petkoff, 1950). E. lunaris (Ehr. ) Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). E. (Himantidium) major W. Smith (Petkoff, 1950). E. monodon Hust. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). E. paralella Ehr. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). E. pectinalis Kütz. (Petkoff, 1950). E. pectinalis Kütz. var. minor (Dillw ? Kütz. ) Rabenh. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). E. pectinalis Kütz. var. minor (Kütz. ) Rabenh. f. impressa (Ehr. ) Hust. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). E. praerupta Ehr. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). E. robusta Ralfs var. tetraodon (Ehr. ) Ralfs (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). E. sudetica O. Mûll. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). E. tenella (Grun. ) Hust. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). E. tetraodon Ehr. (Petkoff, 1950). E. triodon Ehr. (Petkoff, 1950). E. valida Hust. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). Fragillaria alpestris Krasske (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). F. bicapitata A. Mayer (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). F. brevistriata Grun (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). F. capucina Desmaz. (Petkoff, 1950; Saiz, 1977; Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). F. construens (Ehr. ) Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). F. construens (Ehr. ) Grun var. venter (Ehr. ) Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). F. crotonensis Kitt. (Najdenow, 1964a, 1964b; Saiz, 1977; Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). F. intermedia Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). F. intermedia Grun. var. capitellata A. Cl. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). F. pinnata Ehr. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). F. virescens Ralfs (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). Frustulia rhomboides (Ehr. ) D. T. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). F. rhomboides (Ehr. ) D. T. var. saxonica (Rabenh. ) D. T. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). F. rhomboides (Ehr. ) D. T. var. saxonica (Rabenh. ) D. T. f. undulata Hust. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983).
Algae
149
F. vulgaris Thw. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). F. vulgaris Thw. var. capitata Krasske (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). Gomphonema acuminatum Ehr. (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). G. acuminatum Ehr. var. brebissonii (Kütz. ) Cl. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983; Najdenov & Saiz 1983). Small lake near Hrabrino vilallage – Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). G. acuminatum Ehr. var. coronatum (Ehr. ) W. Sm. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). G. acuminatum Ehr. var. intermedium Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). G. acuminatum Ehr. var. laticeps (E. ) V. K. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). G. acuminatum Ehr. var. trigonocephallum (Ehr. ) Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova , 1983). G. angustatum (Kütz. ) Rabenh. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). G. angustatum (Kütz. ) Rabenh. var. productum Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). G. constrictum Ehr. (Petkoff, 1950; Najdenow & Saiz, 1977, 1983; Saiz , 1977; Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). G. gracile Ehr. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). G. gracile Ehr. var. dichotomum V. Heurck (Petkoff 1950). G. gracile Ehr. var. naviculaceum W. Sm. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova 1983). G. intricatum Kütz. . var. dicotomum (Kutz. ) Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). G. longiceps Ehr. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). G. longiceps Ehr. var. subclavatum Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). G. parvulum (Kütz. ) Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). Gyrîsigma kützingii (Grun. ) Cl. (Saiz, 1977). Hantzschia amphyoxis (Ehr. ) Grun. (Petkoff, 1950; Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). H. amphyoxis (Ehr. ) Grun. f. capitata O. Mull. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). H. amphyoxis (Ehr. ) Grun. var. densenstriata (Font. ) A. Cl. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). Melosira ambigua (Grun. ) O. Mull. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). M. binderana Kütz. (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). M. dickei (Tweit. ) Kütz. (Petkoff, 1950). M. distans Kütz. (Ludskanova, 1967). M. granulata (Ehr. ) Kütz. (Najdenow, 1964a; Saiz , 1977; Najdenow & Saiz, 1977, 1983). M. granulata (Ehr. ) Kütz. . var. angustissima O. Müll. (Najdenow & Saiz, 1977; Saiz, 1977; TemniskovaTopalova & Dimitrova, 1983). M. islandica O. Müll. (Ludskanova, 1967; Saiz, 1977; Najdenow & Saiz, 1977). M. islandica O. Müll. subsp. helvetica O. Müll. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). M. italica (Ehr. ) Kütz. (Najdenow, 1964a; Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). M. varians Ag. - (Petkoff, 1950; Najdenow, 1964a; Najdenow & Saiz, 1977, 1983; Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). Flood of Malka Arda River below Slaveino village – Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt.). Meridion circulare (Grev. ) De Toni (Petkoff, 1950; Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). M. circulare (Grev. ) De Toni var. constrictum (Ralfs) V. H. (Petkoff, 1950; Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). Navicula americana Ehr. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). N. bacillum Ehr. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). N. crucicula W. Smith. (Petkoff, 1950). N. cryptocephalla Kütz. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). N. dicephala (Ehr. ) W. Sm. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). N. elliptica Kütz. (Petkoff, 1950). N. gibba (Ehr. ) Kütz. (Petkoff, 1950). Navicula major Kütz. (Petkoff, 1929, 1950). N. lanceolata (Ag. ) Kütz. var. cymbella (Donk. ) Cl. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). N. lanceolata (Ag. ) Kütz. var. tenella A. S. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983).
150
D. TEMNISKOVA, I. KIRJAKOV
N. mesolepta Ehr. (Petkoff, 1950). N. minima Grun. var. atomoides (Grun. ) Cl. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). N. oblonga Kütz. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). N. nobilis (Ehr. ) Bory (Petkoff, 1950). N. pupula Kütz. var. capitata Hust. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). N. pupula Kütz. var. rectangularis (Greg. ) Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). N. radiosa Ehr. (Petkoff, 1950). N. rhynchocephalla Kütz. (Petkoff, 1950). N. sphaerophora Grun. (Petkoff, 1950). N. utermolii Hust. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). N. viridula Kütz. (Petkoff, 1950). Neidium bisulcatum (Lagerst) Cl. f. indulatum O. Müll. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). N. iridis (Ehr. ) Cl. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). Nitzschia frustulum (Kütz. ) Grun. (Petkoff, 1950). N. gracilis Hantzsch. (Petkoff, 1950). N. gracilis Hantasch var capitata Visl. et Poretzki (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). N. palea (Kütz. ) W. Sm. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). N. palea (Kütz. ) W. Sm. var. tenuirostris Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). N. paleaceae Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). N. sublinearis Hust. (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). N. sigmoidea (Ehr. ) W. Sm. (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). N. stagnorum Rabenh. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). N. vermicularis (Saiz, 1977). Odontidium mutable W. Sm. (Petkoff, 1950) Opephora marti Herib. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). Pinnularia acuminta W. Sm. var. genuina A. Cl. f. imterrupta (Cl. ) A. Cl. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). P. appendiculata (Ag. ) Cl. var. budensis Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). P. borealis Ehr. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). P. borealis Ehr. var. brevicostata Hust. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). P. braunii (Grun. ) Cl. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova , 1983). P. braunii (Grun. ) Cl. var. amphicephala (A. Mayer) Hust. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). P. crucifera A. Cl. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). P. cuneata (Ostr. ) A. Cl. var. schumanii Cl. Eul. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). P. esox Ehr. (Petkoff, 1950). P. gibba Ehr. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). P. gibba Ehr. f. subundulata A. Mayer (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). P. hemiptera (Kütz. ) Cl. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). P. hemiptera (Kütz. ) Cl. var. interupta Cl. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). P. intermedia Lagerst. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). P. interrupta W. Smith (Petkoff1950; Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). P. legumen Ehr. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). P. major Kütz. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). P. major Kütz. var. lacustris Meist (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). P. major Kütz. var. linearis Cleve (Petkoff, 1950). P. major Kütz. var. paludosa Meist. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). P. microstauron (Ehr. ) Cl. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). P. moralis Grun (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). P. nobilis Ehr. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983).
Algae
151
P. rangoonensis Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). P. subsolaris Grun. (Petkoff, 1950). P. stauroptera Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). P. subcapitata Greb. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). P. subviridis Cl. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). P. tabellaria Ehr. var. stauroneiformis Temp. et Perag. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). P. tenuis Greg. var. subundulata Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). P. viridis Ehr. (Petkoff, 1950; Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). P. viridis Ehr. var. distingenda Cleve (Petkoff, 1950). P. viridis Ehr. var. fallax Cleve (Petkoff, 1950). P. viridis Ehr. var. sudetica (Hilse) Hust. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). Pleurostauron acutum W. Smith (Petkoff, 1950). P. spencerii (Quek) W. Sm. (Petkoff, 1950). Pseudoeunotia lunaris (Ehr. ) Grun. (Petkoff, 1950). Rhoicosphaenia curvata (Kütz. ) Grun. (Petkoff, 1950). Stauroneis anceps Ehr. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). S. anceps Ehr. f. gracilis (Ehr. ) Cl. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). S. parvula Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). S. phoenicentron (Nitzsch. ) Ehr. (Petkoff, 1950; Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). S. phoenicentron (Nitzsch. ) Ehr. var. genuina Cleve (Petkoff, 1950) S. pygmaea Krieg. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). Synedra actinastroides Lemm. (Najdenov & Saiz 1983; Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). S. acus Kütz. (Petkoff, 1950). S. acus Kütz. var. radians Kütz. (Najdenow & Saiz, 1977, 1983; Saiz, 1977; Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). S. affinis Kütz. (Petkoff, 1950). S. amphicephala Kütz. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). S. minuscula Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). S. parasitica (W. Sm. ) Hust. var. subconstricta Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). S. pulchella (Ralfs) Kütz. (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). S. pulchella (Ralfs) Kütz. var. lacerata Hust. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). S. radians Kütz. (Petkoff, 1950). S. rumpens Kütz. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). S. rumpens Kütz. var. familaris (Kütz. ) Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). S. tabulata (Ag. ) Kütz. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). S. ulna (Nitzsch. ) Ehr. (Petkoff, 1929, 1950; Najdenow & Saiz, 1977, 1983; Saiz, 1977; TemniskovaTopalova & Dimitrova, 1983). Floods in Krastatitsa village and small lake near Hrabrino village – Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). S. ulna (Nitzsch. ) Ehr. var. bipes (Kütz. ) Schonf. (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983) Swamp above Kuklen village – Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). S. ulna (Nitzsch. ) Ehr. var. danica (Kütz. ) V. Heurck (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). S. ulna (Nitzsch. ) Ehr. var. danica (Kütz. ) V. Heurck f. area media laevi destituteà V. Heurck (Petkoff, 1950). Stenopterobia intermedia Lewis (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). Suriraya biseriata Bréb. f. minor obtusa V. H. (Petkoff, 1929). Surirella angustata Kütz. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). S. biseriata (Ehr. ) Bréb. (Petkoff1950; Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). S. biseriata (Ehr. ) Bréb. f. minor obtusa V. Heurck (Petkoff, 1950). S. biseriata Bréb. var. constricta Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983)
152
D. TEMNISKOVA, I. KIRJAKOV
S. elegans Ehr. (Saiz, 1977). S. genuina Ehr. (Petkoff, 1950). S. inearis W. Sm. (Petkoff, 1950; Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). S. linearis W. Sm. var. constricta (Ehr. ) Grun. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). S. ovalis Bréb. (Petkoff, 1950). S. ovalis Bréb. var. ovata (Breb. ) W. Sm. (Petkoff, 1950). S. robusta Ehr. (Saiz, 1977). S. tenera Greg. (Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). Tabellaria fenestrata (Lyngb. ) Kütz. – (Najdenow, 1964a; Najdenow & Saiz, 1977; Kirjakov, 1982; Temniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). Fish-breeding pond near Dospat town and microdam in Imaret Dere Camp – Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). T. fenestrata (Lyngb. ) Kütz. var. intermedia Grun. (Najdenow & Saiz, 1977, 1983; Saiz, 1977; TemniskovaTopalova & Dimitrova, 1983). T. fenestrata (Lyngb. ) Kütz. var. asterionelloides Gr. (Najdenow, 1964a, 1964b, 1975; Najdenov & Saiz, 1977, 1983) Fish-breeding pond near Dospat town and microdam in Imaret Dere Camp – Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). T. flocculosa (Roth) Kütz. (Petkoff, 1950; Najdenow, 1964a, 1975; Saiz, 1977; Kirjakov, 1982; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Òemniskova-Topalova & Dimitrova, 1983). Cryptophyta Cryptomonas spp. (Valkanov, 1926, 1928; Vodenicarov, 1967; Saiz, 1977; Najdenow & Saiz, 1977, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Dinophyta Ceratium hirundinella (O. F. M. ) Bergh. (Najdenow, 1964a, 1968; Ludskanova, 1967; Saiz, 1977; Najdenow & Saiz, 1977, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Cystodinium steinii Klebs (Kirjakov, 1981c). C. steinii Klebs f. tenuirostrum Wo³oz. (Kirjakov, 1981c). Glenodinium montanum Klebs. Moist soil in Imaret Dere Camp – Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt). Gymnodinium sp. (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). Peridinium sp. (Najdenow, 1964a, 1975; Vodenicarov, 1967; Kirjakov, 1982). Tetradinium intermedium Geitl. (Kirjakov, 1989). Euglenophyta Anizsnema acinus Duj. (Kirjakov, 1981a, 1994). A. prosgeobium Skuja (Kirjakov, 1983; 1994; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). A. pusillum Stokes (Kirjakov, 1987, 1994). Astasia dangeardii Lemm. (Kirjakov, 1993, 1994). Calycimonas robusta Christen (Kirjakov, 1994). Distigma curvatum Pringsh. (Kirjakov, 1981c, 1994; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). D. gracile Pringsh. (Kirjakov, 1981c, 1994; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). D. proteus Ehr. emend. Pringsh (Kirjakov, 1981c, 1994; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Entosiphon obliquus Klebs. (Valkanov, 1926, 1928; Kirjakov, 1994). E. ovatus Stokes (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov. 1994). E. polyaulax Stokes (Kirjakov, 1984a; 1994; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). E. sulcatus (Duj. ) Stein (Valkanov, 1926, 1928; Kirjakov, 1981a, 1994). Euglena acus Ehr. (Saiz, 1977; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov, 1994). Swamp above the Kuklen village – Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). E. deses Ehr. f. klebsii (Lemm. ) Popova (Kirjakov, 1994).
Algae
153
E. hemichromata Skuja (Kirjakov, 1994). E. oblonga Schmitz (Kirjakov, 1981c, 1994; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). E. pisciformis Klebs (Kirjakov, 1994). E. sanguinea Ehr. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov, 1994). E. satelles Brasl. -Spect. (Kirjakov, 1983, 1994). E. sima Wermel (Kirjakov, 1984a, 1994; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). E. spirogyra Ehr. (Valkanov, 1928; Ludskanova, 1967; Kirjakov, 1994). E. spirogyra Ehr. var. torta Prijmac. (Kirjakov, 1987, 1994). E. tripteris (Duj. ) Klebs (Kirjakov, 1994). E. viridis Ehr. (Valkanov, 1928; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov, 1994). Gyropaigne. kosmos Skuja (Kirjakov, 1987, 1994; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Heteronema acus (Ehr. ) Stein (Kirjakov, 1983, 1994). Heteronema cryptocercum Skuja = Peranema cryptocercum (Skuja) Popova (Kirjakov, 1981, 1994; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Lepocinclis globula Perty (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov, 1994). L. marsonii Lemm. var. sinensis Popova (Kirjakov, 1994). L. ovata (Playf. ) Conrad var. deflandriana Conrad (Kirjakov, 1994). L. ovum (Ehr. ) Mink. (Kirjakov, 1994). L . ovim (Ehr. ) Mink var. dimdo minor Defl. (Kirjakov, 1994). L. steinii Lemm. (Kirjakov, 1994). Menoidium minutum Matw. (Kirjakov, 1994). M. pellucidum Perty var. steinii Popova (Kirjakov, 1987, 1994). Monomorphina mirabilis (Pochm. ) Safon. (Kirjakov, 1981c). Notosolenus apocamtus Stokes (Kirjakov, 1983, 1994; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Stream near Madjarovo town – Haskovo region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). Peranema cryptocercum (Skuja) Popova (Kirjakov, 1981c, 1994; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). P. deflexum Skuja (Kirjakov, 1994). P. inflexum Skuja (Kirjakov, 1983, 1994). P. macromastix Conrad. Swamp above Kuklen village – Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). P. trichophorum (Ehr. ) Stein (Kirjakov, 1994). Petalomonas mediocanellata Stein. (Valkanov, 1926, 1928; Kirjakov, 1994). P. mediocanellata Stein. var. disomata (Stokes) Lemm. (Kirjakov, 1983, 1994). Lake near the Dushinkovo village – Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt). P. mira Awer. (Kirjakov, 1994). P. phacoides Skuja (Kirjakov, 1984a, 1994; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). P. platyrhyncha Skuja (Kirjakov 1994) P. ventritracta Skuja (Kirjakov, 1994). Phacus acuminatus Stokes (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov, 1994). Ph. brachykentron Pochm. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov, 1994). Ph. curvicauda Swir. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov, 1994). Ph. curvicauda Swir. f. anomalus (Fritsch et Rich) Safon. (Kirjakov, 1987, 1994). Ph. hispidulus (Eichm. ) Lemm. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov, 1994). Ph. mirabilis Pochm. (Kirjakov, 1981; 1994; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Ph. longicauda (Ehr. ) Duj. (Valkanov, 1928; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov, 1994). Ph. longicauda (Ehr. ) Duj. var. tortus Lemm. (Kirjakov, 1994). Ph. orbicularis Hübn. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov, 1994). Ph. parvus Klebs (Kirjakov, 1994). Ph. persikon Pochm. (Kirjakov, 1994).
154
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Ph. pleuronectes (Ehr. ) Duj. (Najdenow, 1964a; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov, 1994). Ph. pleuronectes var. hyalinus Klebs (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov, 1994). Ph. pleuronectes var. prunoides (Roll. ) Popova (Kirjakov, 1984a, 1994; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Ph. raciborskii Dre•. (Kirjakov, 1994). Ph. similis Christen (Kirjakov, 1994). Ph. splendens Pochm (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov, 1994). Ph. stokesii Lemm. (Kirjakov, 1987, 1994). Rhabdomonas costata Pringsh. (Kirjakov, 1987, 1994). R. incurva Fres. (Kirjakov, 1987, 1994). Sphaenomonas angusta Skuja (Kirjakov, 1993, 1994). Sp. quadrangularis Stein (Kirjakov, 1987, 1994). Strombomonas chodatii (Skv. ) Defl. (Kirjakov, 1987, 1994). Trachelomonas abrupta Swir. (Kirjakov, 1994). Trachelomonas abrupta Swir. var. minor Defl. (Kirjakov, 1994). T. alissowiana Swir. (Kirjakov, 1994). T. armata (Ehr. ) Stein, (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov, 1994). T. armata (Ehr. ) Stein var. heterospina Swir. (Kirjakov, 1984a, 1994; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). T. bacillifera Playf. var. minima Playf. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov, 1994). T. bernardiensis W. Wischer emend. Defl. (Kirjakov, 1994). T. conica Playf. var. ornata Asaul (Kirjakov, 1994). T. cervicula Stokes emend. Swir. (Kirjakov, 1981c, 1994; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). T. cylindrica Ehr. sen. Playf. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov, 1994). T. cylindrica Ehr. var. decollata Playf. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov 1994). T. dubia Swir. (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). T. dubia Swir. f. lata (Defl. ) Popova (Najdenow, 1964a). T. dybowskii Dre•. (Vodenicarov & Kirjakov, 1987, 1994; Vodenicarov & Kirjakov, 1988). T. dubia Swir. (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov , 1994). T. granulata Swir. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov, 1994). T. hispida (Perty) Stein (Valkanov, 1926, 1928; Saiz 1977; Najdenow & Saiz, 1977, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Puddle near Momchil Unak Hut – Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt). T. hispida (Perty) Stein var. duplex Defl. (Valkanov, 1926, 1928; Kirjakov, 1994). T. hispida (Perty) Stein var. coronata Lemm. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov, 1994). T. hispida Stein var. cylindrica Klebs (Valkanov, 1926, 1928). T. intermedia Dang. (Kirjakov, 1982, 1994; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). T. intermedia f. papillifera (Popova) Popova (Kirjakov, 1981c, 1994; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). T. klebsii Defl. (Valkanov, 1926; Kirjakov, 1994). T. lacustris Dre•. emend. Balech. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov, 1994). T. lacustris Dre•. var. klebsii (Defl. ) Popova (Kirjakov, 1994). T. lacustris var. sabulata (Skv.) Popova (Kirjakov, 1984a, 1994; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). T. lefevrei Defl. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov, 1994). T. oblonga Lemm. (Kirjakov, 1994). T. oblonga Lemm. var. ovalis (Playf. ) Popova f. punctata Popova (Kirjakov, 1994). T. oblonga Lemm. var. punctata Lemm. (Valkanov, 1926, 1928; Kirjakov, 1994). T. ornata (Swir. ) Skv. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov, 1994). T. planctonica Swir. (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov, 1994). T. planctonica f. oblonga (Dre•. ) Popova (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov, 1994). T. rhodopensis Valk. (Valkanov, 1926, 1928). T. rugulosa Stein. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov, 1994). T. similis Stokes (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov, 1994).
Algae
155
T. speciosa Defl. Sm (Vodenicarov, 1967; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov, 1994). T. stokesiana Palmer (Kirjakov, 1984a, 1994; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). T. subverrucosa Defl. (Kirjakov, 1994). T. verrucosa Stokes (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov, 1994). T. volvocina Ehr. (Valkanov, 1928; Ludskanova, 1967; Saiz 1977; Najdenow & Saiz, 1977, 1983; Kirjakov 1982, 1994; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). T. volvocina Ehr. var. compressa DreŸ. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov, 1994). T. volvocina Ehr. var. punctata Playf. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988; Kirjakov, 1994). T. volvocina Ehr. var. subglobosa Lemm. emend. Swir. (Kirjakov, 1994). T. volvocinosis Swir. (Vodenicarov, 1967; Kirjakov, 1994). Urceolus cyclostomus (Stein. ) Mereschk. (Kirjakov, 1981c, 1994; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1988). Chlorophyta Actinastrum hantchii Lagerh. (Kirjakov 1972; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Actynochloris sphaerica Korsch. (Vodenicarov & Kirjarov, 1969; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Amphikrikos minutissimus Korsch. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Ankistrodesmus acicularis (A. Br. ) Korsch. (Kirjakov 1972; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). A. arcuatus Korsch. (Kirjakov, 1982). Dam Zagrazhden village – Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). A. angustus Bern (Saiz, 1977). A. bibrajanus (Rensch. ) Korsch. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). A. closterioides (Printz. ) Korsch (Vodenicarov & Kirjarov, 1969; Kirjakov, 1982; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). A. densus Korsch. (Kirjakov, 1981c; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Swamp above Kuklen village – Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). A. falcatus (Corda) Ralfs (Ludskanova 1967; Kirjakov 1972; Saiz, 1977; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). A. fusiformis Corda (Vodenicarov & Kiriakov, 1969; Kirjakov, 1972, 1982; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov 1984). Fish-breeding pond near Dospat town – Smolyan region; Swamp above Kuklen village – Plovdiv region; swamp in Yundola Camp and lake near Lebed village Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). A. gracilis (Rensch) Korsh. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). A. longissimus (Lemm. )Wille (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). A. lundbergii (Lundb. ) Korsch. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). A. minutissimus Korsch. (Kirjakov, 1972). A. spiralis (Turn. ) Lemm. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Swamp above Kuklen village – Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). Aphanochaete repens A. Br. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Swamp above Kuklen village – Plovdiv region and lake near Lebed village - Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). Apiocystis brauniana Näg. (Kirjakov, 1972; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). A. caput-medusae (Bohl. ) Korsch. (Kirjakov, 1972; Najdenov &. Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Swamp near Bratsigovo town (Kirjakov, in litt. ). Arachnochloris reticulata (Pasch. ) Bourr. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984) Asterococcus superbus (Cienk. ) Scherff. (Kirjakov, 1982; Kirjakov &Vodenicarov, 1984). Botryococcus braunii Kütz. (Petkoff, 1950; Belceva, 1959; Najdenow, 1964a, 1975; Ludskanova, 1967; Vodenicarov, 1967; Vodenicarov & Kirjakov, 1969; Saiz, 1977; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov; 1984). Swamp in Yundola Camp and lake near Lebed village - Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). Botryosphaerella sudetica (Lemm. ) Silva (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Bulbochaete intermedia De Bary (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). B. nana Wittr. (Petkoff, 1950).
156
D. TEMNISKOVA, I. KIRJAKOV
B. setigera (Roth. ) C. Ag. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Carteria sp. div. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Catena viridis Chod. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Chaetophora attenuata Hazen (Kirjakov, 1985). Ch. elegans (Roth. ) Ag. (Petkoff, 1929, 1950; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Ch. elegans (Roth) Ag. var. genuina (Rot. ) Hansg. (Petkoff, 1950). Chaetosphaeridium globosum (Nodrst. ) Kleb. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Ch. ovalis Smith (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Ch. prigsheimii Kleb. (Vodenicarov, 1967; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Lake near Dushinkovo village – Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). Ch. pringsheimii Kleb. f. conferta Klebahn (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Chlamydomonas bicocca Pasch. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Ch. koprophilos Pasch. (Vodenicarov, 1967). Ch. monadina Stein var. cingulata (Pasch. ) Korsch. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984) Ch. oblonga Anach. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Ch. pertusa Chod. Swamp near Bratsigovo town (Kirjakov, in litt. ). Ch. saculiformis Korsch. (Vodenicarov, 1967). Characium acuminatum A. Br. (Kirjakov 1972, 1989). Ch. minutum A. Br. (Petkoff, 1950). Ch. obtusum A. Br. (Kirjakov, 1981c; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Ch. ornitocephalum A. Br. (Kirjakov, 1972). Swamp near Bratsigovo town (Kirjakov, in litt. ). Chlorangium stentorium Stein (Ludskanova, 1967). Chlorangopsis epizootica Korsch. (Ludskanova, 1967). Chlorococcum wimmeri Rabench. (Petkoff, 1950). Chlorogonium minimum Playf. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Chodatella ciliata Lemm. (Saiz, 1977). Cladîphora fracta (Dillw. ) Kütz. var. genuinà Kreh. (Petkoff, 1906a; 1908). C. glomerata (L. ) Kütz. var. genina (L. ) Rabenh. f. riularis(Vauch. ) Rabenh. (Petkoff, 1950). Closteridium Petkoffii Vodeni´. (Vodenicarov, 1960b). Coelastriopsis costata (Korsch. ) Fott et Kalina (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Coelastrum bohlinii Schmidle (Kirjakov, 1972). C. chodatii Ducell (Kirjakov, 1981c). C. indicum Turn. (Kirjakov & D Vodenicarov, 1984). C. microporum Näg. (Ludskanova, 1967; Vodenicarov, 1967; Vodenicarov & Kirjarov, 1969; Kirjakov, 1972; Saiz 1977; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov 1984). Lake near Lebed village – Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). C. pseudomicroporum Korsch. (Kirjakov & D Vodenicarov, 1984). C. sphaericum Näg. (Petkoff, 1950; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Lake near Lebed village – Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). Conferva bombycina (Ag. ) Lagerh. (Petkoff, 1950). Conferva bombycina (Ag. ) Lagerh. var. minor Wille (Petkoff, 1950). C. bombycina (Ag. ) Lagerh. var. pallida Kütz. (Petkoff, 1929). Conochaete klebanii Schmidle (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). C. scutata Bréb. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Coenococcus planctonicus Korsch. (Kirjakov, 1972). Coenocystis obtusa Korsch. (Kirjakov, 1981c). C. subcylindrica Korsch. (Kirjakov, 1972). Crucigenia irregularis Wille (Kirjakov, 1972). C. lauterbornei (Schmidle) Schmidle (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984).
Algae
157
C. rectangularis (A. Br. ) Gay (Belceva, 1959). Swamp above Kuklen village – Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt.). C. quadrata Morren (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Crucigenia tetrapedia W. et G. S. West (Ludskanova, 1967; Kirjakov, 1972; Saiz , 1977; Najdenow & Saiz, 1977, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Lake near the Lebed village – Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt.). Crucigeniella apiculata (Lemm. ) Kom. (Saiz 1977; Vodenicarov & Kirjakov, 1969; Kirjakov 1972; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Swamp in Yundola Camp - Velingradsko (Kirjakov, in litt.). Cylindrocapsa geminella Wolle (Kirjakov, 1982). Dictyosphaerium anomalum Korsch. (Vodenicarov, 1967; Vodenicarov & Kirjakov, 1969; Kirjakov 1972; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Swamp in Yundola Camp - Velingrad region (Kirjakov, in litt.). D. elegans Bachm. (Kirjakov, 1981c, 1982; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). D. ehrenbergianum Näg (Petkoff, 1950; Vodenicarov, 1967; Vodenicarov & Kirjakov 1969; Kirjakov, 1972; Saiz, 1977; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). D. pulchellum Wood (Vodenicarov & Kiriakov, 1969, Kirjakov, 1972; Saiz, 1977; Najdenow & Saiz, 1977, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Lake near Lebed village – Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt.). D. subsolitarium Van Goor (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Dispora crucigenoides Printz. (Kirjakov, 1972, 1982; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). D. speciosa Korsch. (Kirjakov, 1981c; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Draparnaldia glomerata (Vauch. ) Ag. (Petkoff, 1929, 1950; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). D. plumosà (Vach. ) Ag. (Petkoff, 1950). Elakatotrix acuta Pasch. (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). E. genevensis (Reverg. ) Hind. (Kirjakov, 1982; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). E. lacustris Korsch. (Kirjakov, 1972, 1982). Swamp above Kuklen village – Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt.). Enalax coelastroides (Bohl. ) Skuja (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Eutetramorus planctonicus (Korsch. ) Bourr. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Eremosphaera viridis De Bay (Petkoff, 1950; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Swamp above Kuklen village and swamp in Yundola Camp - Velingrad region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). Å. viridis De Bay f. major G. T. Moor (Petkoff, 1950). Å. viridis De Bay f. minor G. T. Moor (Petkoff, 1950). Euastriopsis richteri (Schmidle) Lagerh. In a canal near Peshtera town (Kirjakov, in litt.). Eudorina elegans Ehr. (Petkoff, 1904; Belceva, 1959; Najdenow, 1964a; Saiz, 1977; Najdenov& Saiz, 1977; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). Lake near Lebed village – Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt.). Francea droesceri Lemm. (Ludskanova, 1967). F. ovalis Lemm. (Saiz, 1977). Fusola viridis Snow (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Geminella minor (Näg. ) Heering (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). G. planctonica (Boloh.) Tywary et Pandey (Kirjakov, 1982; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Glaucocystis nostochinearum Jtzigs. sensu Korsch. (Petkoff, 1950; Vodenicarov & Kiriakov, 1969; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Swamp above Kuklen village – Plovdiv region; peat bog near Tri Mogili village – Asenovgrad region and swamps and floods above Slaveino village - Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). Gloeochete wittroskiana Lagerh. (Kirjakov, 1972). Gloeocystis ampla Kütz. (Kirjakov, 1972; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). G. vesiculosa Näg. (Petkoff, 1950). Gleotila pelagica (Nyg. ) Skuja (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). G. protogerina Kütz. (Kirjakov, 1982; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). G. scopulina (Hazen) Heering (Kirjakov, 1982; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). G. turfosa Skuja (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984).
158
D. TEMNISKOVA, I. KIRJAKOV
Golenkinia radiata Chod. (Saiz, 1977). Golenkinopsis solitaria Korsch. (Kirjakov, 1972). Gonium pectorale Müll. (Petkoff, 1950; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). G. sociale Warm. (Saiz, 1977). Hofmania regularis Korsch. (Kirjakov, 1971). Hormiscia zonata (Web. et. Mohr) Arch. (Petkoff, 1908). H. flacida (Kütz. ) var. varia (Kütz. ) De-Wild. (Petkoff, 1908). Hydrianum gracile Korsch. (Kirjakov, 1972). H. viride (Scherffel) Ettl (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Hydrodictyon reticulatum (L. ) Lagerh. (Petkoff, 1904, 1950). Kirchneriella contorta (Schmidle) Bohl. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Kirchneriella contorta (Schmidle) Bohl. var. elegans (Playf.) Kom. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). K. irregularis (G. M. Smith) Korsch. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). K. irregularis (G. M. Smith) Korsch. var. spiralis Korsch. (Vodenicarov, 1967; Vodenicarov & Kiriakov, 1969; Kirjakov, 1972 Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Swamp in Yundola Camp - Velingrad region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). K. intermedia Korsch. Lake near Lebed village - Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). K. lunaris (Kirchn. ) Moeb. (Kirjakov, 1972, 1982; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). K. obessa (W. West) Schmidle (Ludskanova, 1967; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Swamp in Yundola Camp - Velingrad region (Kirjakov, in litt.). K. obessa (W. West) Schmidle var aperta (Teil. ) Brun. (Kirjakov, 1972). K. obtusa (Korsch. ) Uom. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). K. subcapitata Korsch. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Koliella longiseta (Vischer) Hind. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). K. planctonica Hindak (Kirjakov, 1971). K. pyrenodifera (Korsch. ) Kalina (Kirjakov, 1971). K. sempervirens (Chod. ) Hindak (Kirjakov, 1971). Korschpalmella microscopica (Korsch. ) Fott (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Lagercheimia sp. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Lambertia judayi (G. M. Smith) Korsch. (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). Lobomonas denticulta Korsch. (Kirjakov, 1971; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). L. gracilis Christeh (Vodenicarov, 1967). Micractinium valkanovii Vodeniè. (Vodenicarov, 1963). Microspora abreviata (Rabenh. ) Lagerh. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). M. amoena (Kütz. ) Rabenh. (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). M. pachiderma (Wille) Lagerh. (Kirjakov, 1982; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). M. quadrata Hazån (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). M. palustris Wichm. In small lake near Hrabrino village - Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt.). M. palustris Wichm. var. minor Wichm. In small lake near Hrabrino village - Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt.). M. stagnorum (Kütz. ) Lagerh. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). M. tumidula Hazen (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). Microthamnion strictissimum Rabenh. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). M. strictissimum Rabenh. f. oligocladon H. P. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). M. strictissimum Rabenh. f. macrocystis Schmidle. In small lake near Hrabrino village - Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt.). Monoraphidium arcuatum (Korsch. ) Hind. (Kirjakov 1972, 1982; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Swamp above Kuklen village – Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt.). M. contortum (Thur. ) Kom. -Legn. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984) In slowly running waters in Slaveino village and microdam Zagrazhden village – Smolyan region; swamp above Kuklen village (Kirjakov, in litt.).
Algae
159
M. griffithii (Berk. ) Kom. -Legn. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). M. minutum (Nag. ) Kom. -Legn. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Neglectella eremosphaerophila Vodeni´. et Benderl. (Vodenicarov & Benderliev, 1971a; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Nephrochlamys allanthoidea Korsch. Lake near Lebed village - Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt.). N. subsolitaria (G. S. Wes) Korsch. (Kirjakov, 1972; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Swamp in Yundova Camp – Velingrad region and lake near Lebed village - Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt.). N. willeana (Printz. ) Korsch. Lake near Lebed village - Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). Nephrocytium agardhianum Näg. (Kirjakov, 1982;Najdenov &. Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Swamp above Kuklen village - Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt.). N. obessum West Swamp above Kuklen village - Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt.). Oëdogonium capillare (Lyngb. ) Kütz. (Petkoff, 1929). O. borisianum (Le Cleve) Wittr. (Vodenicarov, 1967, 1969; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). O. itzigsohnii De-Bary (Petkoff, 1904). O. conchatenaum (Hass. ) Wittr. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). O. oblongum Wittr. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). O. pyrulum var. obessum Witt (Petkoff, 1904). O. pusillum Kirchn. (Vodenicarov, 1967; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). O. rivulare (Le Cl. ) A. Br. (Petkoff, 1950). O. (subsetaceum ?) Kütz. (Petkoff, 1908). O. suecicum Wittr. (Vodenicarov, 1967; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Oöcystis borgei Snow. (Kirjakov, 1972; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). O. crassa Wttr. (Kirjakov, 1972). O. elliptica West (Najdenow, 1964a). O. marsonii Lemm. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). O. naegelii A. Br. (Petkoff, 1950). O. nagelii A. Br. var. incrassata Lemm. (Ludskanova, 1967). O. novae-zemilae Wille (Petkoff, 1950). O. rupestris (Petkoff, 1950). O. solitaria Wittr. (Kirjakov, 1972; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov 1984. Swamp above Kuklen village - Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt.). O. submarina Lagerh. (Vodenicarov & Kirjakov, 1969; Kirjakov, 1972; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Oonephris obesa (W. West) Fott (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Palmella miniata Leibl. Kirjakov, 1982; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). P. mucosa Kütz. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Palmodictyon viride Kütz. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Pandorina morum (Müll) Bory (Petkoff, 1904, 1950; Valkanov 1926, 1928; Belceva, 1959; Najdenow 1964a; Kirjakov, 1982; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984) Fish-breeding pond near Dospat town – Smolyan region; swamp above Kuklen village – Plovdiv region; swamp near Bratsigovo town, bog in Yundola – Velingrad region and lake near Lebed village – Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt.). Pediastrum angulosum (Ehr. ) Menegh. (Kirjakov, 1972; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). P. biradiatum Menegh. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). P. boryanum (Turp. ) Menegh. (Petkoff, 1904, 1929; Vodenicarov, 1967; Vodenicarov & Kirijakov, 1969; Kirjakov, 1972, 1982; Saiz, 1977; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Fish-breeding pool near Dospat town – Smolyan region; swamp above Kuklen village – Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). P. boryanum (Turp.) Menegh. var. granulatum (Kütz.) A. Br. (Petkoff, 1904, 1950). P. boryanum (Turp.) Menegh. var. brevicorne Al. Br. f. glabra Petkoff (Petkoff, 1950).
160
D. TEMNISKOVA, I. KIRJAKOV
P. boryanum (Turp. ) Menegh. var. longicorne Reinsch. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov 1984). P. braunii Wartm. (Kirjakov, 1972; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). P. duplex Meyen (Najdenow, 1964a; Saiz, 1977; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov 1984). Lakes near Lebed village - Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt.). P. tetras (Ehr. ) Ralfs (Petkoff, 1904, 1950; Najdenow, 1964a; Vodenicarov & Kirjakov 1969; Kirjakov, 1972; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Swamp above Kuklen village – Plovdiv region; swamp in Yundola Camp – Velingrad region; lake near Lebed village - Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt.). P. tetras (Ehr. ) Ralfs var. tetraodon (Corda) Rabenh. Lake near Lebed village-Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt.). Platymonas cordiformis (Carter) Korsch. Lake near Lebed village - Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). Pleurococcus vulgaris Menegh. (Petkoff, 1950). Polyedrium munutum A. Br. (Petkoff, 1950). Porochloris filamentorum Pasch. (Kirjakov, 1981c; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Protoderma frequens (Butsher) Printz (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). P. viride Kütz. (Kirjakov 1982; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Pseudochracium obtusum (A. Br. ) Perty-Hesse (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Pteromonas sp. (Kirjakov, 1983). Pyramidomonas tetrarynchus Schmarda (Tåmniskova-Topalova, 1965). Quadrigula korschikovii Kom. (Vodenicarov & Kirjakov, 1969; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Radiophillum mesomorphum Skuja (Kirjakov, 1982; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). R. irregulate (Wille) Brunth. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Raphidium fasciculatum Kütz. var. fasciculatum Chod. (Petkoff, 1950). R. polymorphum Fres. (Petkoff, 1904). Rhopalosolen saccatum (Filars. ) Fott (Kirjakov, 1974). Scenedesmus aculeolatus Reinsch (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. acuminatus (Lagerh. ) Chod. (Kirjakov, 1972, 1982; Saiz, 1977; Najdenov &. Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Flood in Slaveino village – Smolyan region; swamps near Bratsigovo town and Zagrazhden village - Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). S. acuminatus (Lagerh. ) Chod. f. costulatus Hortob. (Kirjakov, 1978, 1982; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. acuminatus (Lagerh. ) Chod. f. globosus Hortob. et Nemeth (Kirjakov, 1978). S. acuminatus (Lagerh. ) Chod. var. elongatus G. M. Smith (Kirjakov, 1972; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984. S. acuminatus (Lagerh. ) Chod. var. biseriatus Reinh. (Kirjakov, 1972; Najdenov &. Saiz, 1983). S. acuminatus (Lagerh. ) Chod. var. tetradesmoides Smith (Kirjakov, 1972). S. acutiformis Scrod. (Kirjakov, 1972; Saiz, 1977; Najdenow & Saiz, 1977, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. acutus Meyen. (Saiz, 1977; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov 1984). In slowly running waters – Slaveinovo village – Smolyan region; stream near Madjarovo town and microdam Zagrazhden - Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt.). S. acutus Meyen f. costulatus (Chod. ) Uherk. (Kirjakov, 1978; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. antennatus Bréb. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. arcuatus Lemm (Kirjakov, 1972; Vodenicarov & Kirjakov, 1969; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984) Swamp above Kuklen village – Plovdiv region and swamp in Yundola Camp - Velingrad region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). S. arcuatus Lemm. f. gracilis Hortob. (Kirjakov, 1972; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. arcuatus Lemm. var. platidiscus Lemm. (Ludskanova, 1967; Saiz, 1977; Najdenow & Saiz, 1977, 1983). S. armatus Chod. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984) Swamp above Kuklen village – Plovdiv region and in lake near Lebed village - Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). S. armatus Chod. var. bicaudatus Chod. (Kirjakov, 1972). S. bernardii G. M. Smith (Kirjakov, 1972; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. bijugatus (Turp. ) Kütz. (Petkoff, 1950; Ludskanova, 1967; Kirjakov 1972; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983).
Algae
161
S. bijugatus (Turp. ) Kütz. var. alternans (Reinsch. ) Hansg. (Petkoff, 1904; Kirjakov, 1972). S. caribeanus Kom. Swamp above Kuklen village – Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). S. columnatus Hortob. (Kirjakov, 1978; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. corallinus Chod. (Kirjakov, 1972; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. costatus Schmidle (Petkoff, 1904; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. communis Hegew. Lake near Lebed village - Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). S. denticulatus Lagerh. (Kirjakov, 1972; Kirjakov &Vodenicarov, 1984). S. denticulatus Lagerh. var. linearis Hansg. Lake near Lebed village - Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). S. dispar (Bréb. ) Rabenh. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984) Lake near Lebed village - Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). S. dispar (Bréb. ) Rabenh. var. samoensis Wille (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. ecornis (Ehr. ) Chod. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. ecornis (Ehr. ) Chod. var. disciformis. Chod. (Kirjakov, 1972). S. granulatus W. et G. S. West (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Swamp in Yundola Camp - Velingrad region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). S. granulatus W. et G. S. West f. subfuscus Hortob. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. gutwinskii Chod. var. heterospina Bodr. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. incrassatulus Bohlin Swamp above Kuklen village - Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). S. intermedius Chod. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. intermedius Chod. var. acaudatus Hortob. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. intermedius Chod. var. bicaudatus Hortob. (Kirjakov, 1978). S. longispina Chod. (Kirjakov, 1978; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. nanus Chod. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. obliquus (Turp. ) Kütz. (Petkoff, 1950). S. oahuensis (Lemm. ) G. M. Smith (Kirjakov, 1972; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. oahuensis (Lemm. ) G. M. Smith var. mononensis Siem. (Kirjakov, 1978; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. obtusus Meyen (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. opoliensis P. Richt. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. pannînicus Hortob. (Kirjakov, 1978; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. protuberans Fritsch (Ludskanova, 1967). S. pseudoarmatus Hortob. (Kirjakov, 1978; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Lake near Lebed village Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). S. pseudohelveticus Kirjakov var. bicaudatus Kiriakov (Kirjakov, 1980; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. pseudohystrix Masj. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. quadricauda (Turp. ) Bréb. (Petkoff, 1908, 1950; Najdenow, 1964a; Ludskanova, 1967; Vodenicarov, 1967; Kirjakov, 1972, 1978, 1982; Saiz, 1977; Najdenow & Saiz, 1977; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984) In slowly running waters in Slaveino village – Smolyan region, fish-breeding pond near Dospat town – Smolyan region; Zagrazhden village – Smolyan region; swamp above Kuklen village – Plovdiv region; swamp near Bratsigovo town and lake near Lebed village - Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). S. quadricauda (Turp. ) Bréb. var. abundans Kirchn. (Kirjakov, 1972). S. quadricauda (Turp. ) Bréb. var. africanus Fritsch (Kirjakov, 1972; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. quadricauda (Turp. ) Bréb. var. armatus (Chod. ) Deduss. (Kirjakov, 1972). S. quadricauda (Turp. ) Bréb. sensu Chod. var. asymmetricus Schroed. (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). S. quadricauda (Turp. ) Bréb. var. ecornis (Ehr. ) Ralfs (Petkoff, 1904). S. quadricauda (Turp. ) Bréb. var. eualternans Prochk. (Kirjakov, 1972). S. quadricauda (Turp. ) Bréb. var. longispina (Chod. ) G. M. Smith f. capricornis (Skuja) Uherk. (Kirjakov, 1978). S. semipulcher Hortob. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984).
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D. TEMNISKOVA, I. KIRJAKOV
S. spinosus Chod. (Kirjakov &Vodenicarov, 1984). Swamp above Kuklen village – Plovdiv region and swamp near Bratsigovo town (Kirjakov, in litt. ). S. spinosus Chod. var. bicaudatus Hortob. (Kirjakov, 1978). S. spinosus Chod. var. microspinosus Hortob. (Kirjakov, 1978). S. serratus (Corda) Bohl. (Kirjakov, 1972; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Swamp above the Kuklen village – Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). S. subspicatus Chod. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. tetradesmiformis (Wolosz. ) Chod. (Petkoff, 1950). S. tenuispina Chod. (Kirjakov, 1972; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Schizochlamydella delicatula (West) Korsch. (Kirjakov, 1982; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Schisochlamys gelatinosa A. Br. (Petkoff 1950; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Schroederia setigera (Schroed. ) Lemm. (Kirjakov, 1972; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). Scotiella nivalis (Schutlew. ) Fritsch (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Selenastrum gracile Reinsch (Saiz, 1977). Siderocelis orntata Fott Lake near Lebed village - Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). Sorastrum spinulosum Näg. (Petkoff, 1950; Kirjakov 1972; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Sphaerelopsis aulata (Pasch. ) Gerl. Ditch near Bratsigovo town (Kirjakov, in litt. ). Sphaerocystis schroeteri (Najdenow, 1964 a). Stichococcus variabilis W. et G. S. West (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Stigeoclonium aestivale (Hazen) Collins (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. fractum Berth. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. lubricum (Dillw. ) Kütz. (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. subsecundum Kütz. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). S. tenue (Ag. ) Kütz. (Petkoff, 1950; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov 1982; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Tetraëdron caudatum (Corda) Hansg. (Kirjakov, 1972; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). T. decussatus (Rabenh. ) Hansg. (Kirjakov, 1972; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). T. gracile (Reinsch. ) Hansg. (Saiz, 1977; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). T. incus (Teiling) G. M. Smit (Kirjakov, 1972; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). T. minimum Hansg. - (Kirjakov, 1972; Saiz, 1977; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Floods in Slaveino village – Smolyan region; swamp above Kuklen village – Plovdiv region; swamp near Bratsigovo town; swamp in Yundola Camp – Velingrad region and microdam Zagrazhden village - Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). T. minimum Hansg. var. longispinum Defl. (Kirjakov, 1972; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). T. minimum Hansg. var. scrobiculatum Lagerh. Lake near Lebed village - Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt.). T. pentaëdricum W. et G. S. West (Kirjakov, 1972; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). T. triangulare Korsch. (Kirjakov, 1972). Tetraspora gelatinosa (Vauch) Desv. (Petkoff, 1950; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Stream near Madjarovo town (Kirjakov, in litt. ). T. lacustris Lemm. (Kirjakov, 1972; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Stream near Madjarovo town (Kirjakov, in litt. ). Tetrastrum glabrum (Roll) Ahlstr. åt Tiff. Lake near Lebed village – Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). Tetrallanthos lagerheimii Teil. (Kirjakov, 1972). Trentepohlia aurea (L. ) Mart. (Petkoff 1908). T. annulata Brand Slaveino village – Smolyan region on coniferous tree bark in Balitsko place (Kirjakov, in litt.). Treubaria triappendiculata Bern. (Kirjakov, 1972). Trochiscia aiculifera (Lageh. ) Hansg. (Kirjakov, 1972; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). T. granulata (Reisch) Hansg. (Kirjakov, 1972). T. stellata Vodeniè. et Bender. (Vodenicarov & Benderliev, 1971b). Ulothrix biyrenoidosa Fritsch (Kirjakov, 1982; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984).
Algae
163
U. moniliformis Kütz. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). U. subtilis Kütz. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). U. tenuissima Kütz. River above Hrabrino – Plovdiv region; Shirokolashka River above Shiroka Laka village and fountain trough in Slaveino village – Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). U. zonata Kütz. (Petkoff, 1950). Urococcus insigns Hassal (Petkoff, 1908). Uronema elongatum Hodg (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Westella botryoides (W. West) De Wild. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov 1984). Swamp in Yundola Camp Velingradsko (Kirjakov, in litt. ). Volvox aureus Ehr. (Belceva, 1959; Najdenow, 1964a, 1964b, 1968; Ludskanova, 1967; Najdenov, 1975; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). V. globator Ehr. (Petkoff, 1906b, 1907; Ludskanova, 1967; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1984). Zygnemophyta Actinotaenium cruciferum (De Bary) Teil. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). A. cucurbita (Bréb. ) Teil ex RuŸ. et Pouzar (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). A. turgidum (Bréb. ) Teil ex RuŸ. et Pouzar (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). Artrodesmus incus (Bréb. ) Hass. (Petkoff, 1950; Vodenicarov, 1967; Kirjakov, 1982). A. convergens Ehr. (Petkoff, 1904, 1950; Vodenicarov & Kirjakov, 1969; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). Closterium abruptum W. West (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. acerosum (Schrank. ) Ehr. (Petkoff, 1904, 1950; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). Fountain troughs in Slaveino village and Krastatitsa village – Smolyan region; lake near Lebed village – Kardjali region, Shirokolashka River above Shiroka Laka village and swamps in Balitsko locality above Slaveino village – Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). C. acerosum (Schrank. ) Ehr. f. elongatum (Breb. ) Kossinsk. Lake near Lebed village – Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). C. aciculare (Tuffen) W. West (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). C. acutum (Lyngb. ) Bréb. (Vodenicarov & Kirjarov, 1969; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. acutum (Lyngb. ) Bréb var. linea (Perty) W. et G. S. West (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. acutum (Lyngb. ) Bréb. f. tenuis Nordst. (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. angustatum Kütz. (Petkoff, 1904; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. angustatum Kütz. (Petkoff, 1950). C. bailiyanum Bréb. (Najdenov & Saiz, 1977, 1983). C. bayeleanum Bréb. var. alpinum (Viret) Gronbl. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. cyntia De Not. (Petkoff, 1904; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. didymotocum Ralfs (Vodenicarov & Kirjakov, 1969; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. didymotocum Ralfs var. baibyanum Bréb. f. major Petkoff (Petkoff, 1904). C. dianae Ehr. (Petkoff, 1904, 1950). C. dianae Ehr. var. arcuatum (Bréb. ) Rabenh. (Kirjakov, 1981c; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. eboracense Turn. (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. ehrenbergii Menegh. (Petkoff, 1929, 1950; Vodenicarov & Kirjakov, 1969; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. ehrenbergi Menegh. f. rhodopea Petkoff (Petkoff, 1950). C. ehrenbergi Menegh. f. curtum Petkoff (Petkoff, 1950). C. gracile Bréb. (Petkoff, 1904; Saiz, 1977). C. gracile Bréb. f. tenue (Lemm. ) Kossinsk. (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. gracile Bréb. var. linea (Perty) W. et G. S. West (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. gracile Bréb. var. major Petkoff (Petkoff, 1950). C. jeneri Ralfs. (Petkoff, 1904; Vodenicarov & Kirjakov, 1969; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov. 1987a).
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C. jenerii Ralfs f. longior Petkoff (Petkoff, 1950). C. jenerii Ralfs f. minus curvata Petkoff (Petkoff, 1950). C. intermedium Ralfs (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. intermedium Ralfs var. hibernicum W. et G. S. West (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. kützingii Bréb. (Najdenow, 1964a) Flood above Ravnishta Hut – Plovdiv region and swamps in the same locality; Balitsko above Slaveyno village – Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). C. lanceolatum Kütz. (Petkoff, 1929; ) C. leiblenii Kütz. (Petkoff, 1950; Vodenicarov & Kirjakov, 1969; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kiriakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. libellula Focke f. intermedium (Roy et Biss. ) Kossinsk. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. libelula Focke var. interruptum (W. et W. ) Donat. (Kirjakov & Vodenocarov, 1987a). C. lineatum Ehr. (Petkoff, 1904; Vodenicarov, 1967; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. littorale Gay (Kirjakov, 1981c; Kirjiakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. lunula (Muell. ) Nitsch. (Petkoff, 1904; Vodenicarov, 1967; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. lunula Nitsch. f. biconvexum (Schmidle) Kossinsk. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. lunula (Muell. ) Nitsch. f. minor West & G. S. West (Petkoff, 1950). C. lunula Nitzsch. var. longivexum Schmidle (Vodenicarov, 1967). C. moniliferum (Bory) Ehr. (Petkoff, 1904, 1950; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). Floods above Slaveino village – Smolyan region; swamp abovethe Peshtera town. Swamp in Yundola Camp – Velingrad region, Shirokolashka River above Shiroka Laka village and canal in Madan town (Kirjakov, in litt. ). C. navicula (Bréb. ) Lutkem. (Vodenicarov, 1967; Vodenicarov & Kirjarov, 1969; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). Moist soil in Imaret Dere Camp – Smolyan region, flood above Momchilovtsi village Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). C. pàrvulum Näg. (Vodenicarov, 1967; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). Swamps and floods near Slaveino village – Smolyan region (Kiriakov, in litt. ). C. parvulum Näg. f. majus W. West (Vodenicarov, 1967; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). Shirokolashka River above Shiroka Laka village (Kirjakov, in litt. ). C. peracerosum Gay var. elegans G. West (Kirjakov 1989). Slow water above Ravnishta Hut - Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). C. Petkovii Vodenic. (Vodenicarov, 1960b. ). C. pronum Bréb. f. brevius (W. West) Kossinsk. (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. pritchardianum Arch. Swamp near Smolyan town and stream near Madjarovo town (Kiriakov, in litt.). C. regulare Bréb. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. rostratum Ralfs (Petkoff, 1904, 1950; Vodenicarov, 1967; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). Swamp near Slaveino village - Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). C. rostrstum Ralfs var. brevirstratum Ralfs f. longior Petkoff (Petkoff, 1950). C. striolatum Ehr. (Petkoff, 1904, 1950; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. striolatum Ehr. var. erectum Klebs. (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov 1987a). C. ulna Focke var. striolato-punctatum Elenk. (Kirjakov, 1981c; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. venus Kütz. (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). Cosmarium abruptum Lund. (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). C. amoenum Bréb. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. angulosum Bréb. (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). C. angulosum Bréb. var. concinuum (Rabenh. ) W. et G. S. West (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. ansatum (Nag. ) De Bary (Petkoff, 1950). C. annulatum (Näg. ) De Bary (Vodenicarov, 1967). C. asphaerosporum Archer var. strigosum Nordst. (Petkoff, 1950). C. bioculatum Bréb. (Petkoff, 1904).
Algae
165
C. bipunctatum Borge (Petkoff, 1950). C. boeckii Wille f. minor Hodgetts (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. botrytis Menegh. var. emarginatum Hansg. (Petkoff, 1904). C. botrytis Menegh. var. mesoleum Nordst. f. minor Woronich. (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. caelatum Ralfs (Petkoff, 1904, 1950). C. connatum Bréb. (Petkoff, 1950). C. conspersum Ralfs var. latum (Bréb. ) West (Petkoff, 1950). C. crenatum Ralfs (Petkoff, 1950). C. cucumis (Corda) Ralfs (Petkoff, 1950). C. cucurbita Bréb. (Petkoff, 1950; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). C. cyclicum Lund (Petkoff, 1950; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). C. debaryi Arch. (Petkoff, 1950; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. decorum Bréb. (Petkoff, 1950). C. etchanense Roy et Biss. (Petkoff, 1950). C. globosum Bulnh. f. major Wille (Petkoff, 1904). C. gracile Delp. var. major m. (Petkoff, 1950). C. gracle Delp. var. maxima Gronbl. (Petkoff, 1950). C. granulatum Bréb. Lake near Lebed village - Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). C. hexalobum Nordst. var. minor Roy et Biss. (Petkoff, 1950). C. humile (Gay) Norst. (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). C. impressulum Elfv. (Petkoff, 1950; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). Lake near Lebed village - Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). C. kielmani Wille var. grande Wille (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. leave Rabenh. (Petkoff, 1904) Fish-breeding pond near Dospat town – Smolyan region; swamp above Kukle village – Plovdiv region; fountain in Smolyan town (Kirjakov, in litt. ). C. margaritiferum Menegh. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). Swamp in Yundola Camp - Velingradsko (Kirjakov, in litt. ) C. melanosporum Archer (Petkoff, 1950). C. meneghinii Bréb. f. rotundata Jacobs (Petkoff, 1904, 1950). C. meneghinii Bréb f. reinschii Istv. (Petkoff, 1904). C. nitidulus De Not. var. javanicum Krieger et Gerloff (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. ochtodes Nordst. (Petkoff, 1950; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). C osteri Schmidle (Petkoff, 1906à, 1907). C. pachdermum Lund. var. hexagonum Ehr. (Petkoff, 1950). C. pachidermum Lund. var. aetiopicum W. et G. S. West (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. paucigranulatum Borge (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. phaseolus Bréb. var. minus (Bold. ) Krieger et Gerloff (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. portyanum Arch. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. praemorsum Bréb. (Petkoff, 1950). C. pseudoprotuberans Kirchn. var. pygmaeum Gutw. (Kirjakov, 1984b). C. pseudopyramidatum subsp. stenotum Nordst (Petkoff, 1904, 1950). C. pygmaeum Arch. (Petkoff, 1904, 1950; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. pygmaeum Arch. var. heimerlii (W. etW. ) Krieger et Gerloff (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. pyramidatum Bréb. (Petkoff, 1950). C. quadratum Ralfs (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. quadratum Ralfs var. willei (Schmdle) Krieger et Gerloff (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. ralfsii Bréb. (Petkoff, 1950). C. ralfsii var. alpinum Racib. (Petkoff, 1904). C. rectangulare Grun. Lake near Lebed village - Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt. ).
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C. rectangulare Grun. var. cambrense (Turn) W. et G. S. West (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. regnelii Wille var. minutum Eichw et Gutw. (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. reniforme (Ralfs) Arch. (Petkoff, 1950; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). Swamp above Kuklen village – Plovdiv region and lake near Lebed village - Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). C. retusiforme Gutw. (Petkoff, 1904). C. sexnotatum Gutw. var. tristriatum (Lutkem. ) Schmidle (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. sphalerostichum Nordst. (Kirjakov & Vodenecarov, 1987a). C. speciosissimum Schmidle (Petkoff, 1904, 1950). C. subcrenatum Hantzsch (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. subexcavatum W. et W. (Kijakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. sphaelerosticum Nordst. var. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. subcucumis Schmdle f. minor Schmidle (Petkoff, 1950). C. sublaeve Lutkem. (Petkoff, 1950). C. subortogonum Rac. f. minor Borge (Petkoff, 1904). C. subprotomidum Nordst. et Wittr. forma (Petkoff, 1904). C. subturgidum (Turp. ) Schmidle f. minor Schmidle (Petkoff, 1950). C. tetragonum Ralfs (Petkoff, 1950). C. tetragonum Naeg. var. lundelii Cooke f. Schmidle (Petkoff, 1904). C. tinctum Ralfs (Petkoff, 1904, 1950). C. tortianum Arch. (Petkoff, 1950). C. turgidum Bréb. (Petkoff, 1950). C. turpinii Bréb. (Petkoff, 1950). C. thweitesii Ralfs f. minor Petkoff (Petkoff, 1950). C. undulatum Corda (Petkoff, 1904). Floods near Slaveino village - Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). C. venustum (Breb. ) Arch. (Petkoff, 1904, 1950). C. vexatum West (Saiz, 1977; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). C. vogesiacum Lemer. (Petkoff, 1950). Cosmoastrum alternans (Bréb. ) Palm. -Mordv. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. brebissonii (Arch. ) Pal. -Mordv. (Kirjakov, 1984b). C. echinatum (Breb. ) Pal. -Mordv. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. orbiculare (Ralfs. ) Palm. -Mordv. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. orbiculare (Ralfs. ) Palm. -Mordv. var. depressum (Roy et Biss. ) Palm. -Mordv. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. orbiculare (Ralfs. ) Palm. -Mordv. var. extensum (Nordst) Palm. -Mordv. (Kirjakov 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. orbiculare (Ralfs. ) Palm. -Mordv. var. hibernicum (W. et G. S. West) Palm. -Mordv. (Kiriakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. punctulatum (Bréb. ) Pal. -Mordw. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). Fountain trough in Slaveino village – Smolyan region and lake near Lebed village - Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). C. polytrichum (Perty) Palm. -Mordv. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. punctatum (Bréb. ) Palm. -Mordv. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). C. turgescens (De Not. ) Palm. -Mordv. (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). Slow water above Ravnishta Hut - Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). Cylindocystis brebissonii Menegh (Petkoff, 1904, 1950; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). Moist soil in Imaret Dere Camp – Smolyan region and peat bog below Tri Mogili village - Asenovgrad region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). C. crassa De Bary (Petkoff, 1904), 1950; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). Desmidium swartzii (Ag. ) Ralfs (Petkoff, 1950; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). Swamp in Yindola Camp - Velingrad region (Kirjakov, in litt. ).
Algae
167
Disphynctium anulatum Naeg. (Petkoff, 1904). D. connatum (Bréb. ) De-Bary (f. typique) (Petkoff, 1904). D. cucurbita (Bréb. ) Rensch. (Petkoff, 1904). D. oblongum (Bennett) De-Toni (Petkoff, 1904). Euastrum affine Ralfs (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). E. ansatum Ehr. (Vodenicarov & Kirjarov, 1969). E. ansatum Ralfs (Petkoff, 1904, 1950). E. ansatum Ralfs var. pyxidatum Delp. (Petkoff, 1950). E. ansatum Ralfs var. subpropositum Nordst. (Petkoff, 1904). E. ansatum Ralfs var. velleculatum Scharschm. (Petkoff, 1904). E. ampulaceum Ralfs - (Kirakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). E. bidentatum Näg. (Petkoff, 1950; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). E. bidentatum Ralfs f. glabrum Petkoff (Petkoff 1950). E. binale (Turp. ) Ràlfs (Petkoff, 1904; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). E. binale (Turp. ) Ralfs. f. hias W. West (Petkoff, 1904, 1950; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). E. binale (Turp. ) Ehr. (Petkoff, 1950). E. binale (Turp. ) Ehr. f. gutwinskii Schmidle (Petkoff, 1950). E. binale (Turp. ) Ehr. f. minus W. West (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). E. binale (Turp. ) Ehr. f. sectum Turn. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov 1987a). E. binale (Turp. ) Ehr. var. retusum West f. minor Petkoff (Petkoff 1950). E. binale (Turp. ) Ehr. var. papilliferum Gutw. (Kirjakov 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). E. denticulatum (Kirchn. ) Gay. (Vodenicarov, 1967; Vodenicarov & Kirjarov, 1969; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). E. denticulatum (Kirchn. ) Gay. var. angusticeps Grönbl. (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). E. didelta (Turp. ) Ralfs (Petkoff, 1904, 1950; Vodenicarov & Kirjakov, 1969; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). E. didelta (Turp. ) Ralfs f. scrobiculata Nordst. (Petkoff, 1904). E. dubium Näg. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). E. elegans (Âreb. ) Kütz. (Petkoff, 1904, 1950; Vodenicarov & Kirjakov, 1969; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). E. elegans (Bréb. ) Kütz. var. novae-semile Wille (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). E. elegans (Bréb. ) Kütz. var. cebense Gay (Petkoff, 1950). E. fissum W. et W. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). E. gayanum De Toni (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). E. humerosum Ralfs. (Petkoff, 1950; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). E. insulare (Wittr. ) Ralfs (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). E. oblongum (Grew. ) Ralfs (Petkoff, 1904, 1950; Vodenicarov 1967; Vodenicarov & Kirjakov, 1969; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). Peat bog below Tri Mogili village - Asenovgrad region (Kirjakov, in litt.). E. rostratum Ralfs (Petkoff, 1950). E. rostratum Ralfs forma Nordst. (Petkoff, 1904). E. subamoenum Schmidle (Petkoff, 1904). E. verrucosum Ehr. (Petkoff, 1904, 1950; Vodenicarov, 1967). Gonatozygon brebissonii De Bary (Petkoff, 1904, 1950; Kirjakov, 1982; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). G. brebissonii De Bary var. minutum W. et G. S. West (Vodenicarov, 1967; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). G. monotaenium De Bary (Najdenov, 1975; Vodenicarov & Kirjakov, 1969; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). G. monotaenium De Bary var. pilosellum Nordst. (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). G. pillosum Wolle (Najdenov & Saiz, 1977; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). Hyalotheca dissiliens (Smith) Bréb. (Petkoff, 1950; Vodenicarov, 1967; Vodenicarov & Kirjakov, 1969; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). Moist soil in Imaret Dere Camp – Smolyan region and in swamp in Yundola Camp - Velingrad region (Kirjakov, in litt. ).
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D. TEMNISKOVA, I. KIRJAKOV
H. dissiliens (Smith) Bréb. var. minor Delp. f. minor West (Petkoff, 1950). H. mucosa (Mert. ) Ehr. (Kirjakov, 1989). Mesotaenium endlicherianum Näg. (Kirjakov, 1989). M. macrococcum (Kütz. ) Roy et Biss. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). M. mirificum Arch. (Petkoff, 1950). Micrasterias apiculata (Ehr. ) Menegh. (Petkoff, 1904). M. crux-melitensis (Ehr. ) Ralfs forma (Petkoff, 1904). M. denticulata (Bréb. ) Ralfs (Petkoff, 1904, 1950; Saiz, 1977). M. denticulata (Bréb. ) Ralfs var angulosa (Hantzsch. ) West & G. S. West (Petkoff, 1950). M. papilifera Bréb. (Petkoff, 1904, 1950; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). M. papilifera Breb. var. verrucosa Schmidle (Petkoff, 1904). M. rotata (Grev. ) Ralfs (Petkoff 1904; 1950; Vodenicarov & Kirjakov 1969; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). M. rotata (Grev. ) Ralfs f. evoluta Turn. (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). M. rotata (Grev. ) Ralfs f. granulata W. West (Vodenicarov, 1967; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). M. thomassiana Arch. (Petkoff, 1904). M. truncata (Corda) Bréb. (Petkoff, 1904, 1950; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). M. truncata (Corda) Bréb. f. granulata Racib. (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). M. truncata (Corda) Bréb. f. semiradiata (Nag. ) Kossinsk. (Vodenicarov, 1967; Kiriakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). M. truncata (Corda) Bréb. var. quadrata Brunh. (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). Mougeotia angusta Hass. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). M. gracillima (viridis) (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). M. nummuloides (Hass. ) De Toni (Vodenicarov & Kirjakov, 1980b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). M. recurva (Hass. ) De Toni (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). M. robusta (De Bary) Wittr. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov , 1987b). M. scalaris Hass. (Petkoff, 1906b, 1907; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). M. viridis (Kutz. ) Wittr. (Petkoff, 1950). Netrium digitus (Ehr. ) Itzigs et Rote (Petkoff, 1950; Vodenicarov, 1967; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). Bog near Zdravets village – Smolyan region and swamps and floods near Slaveino village Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). N. digitus (Ehr. ) Itzigs et Rote. f. curtum (Anderss. ) Kossinsk. (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). N. digitus (Ehr. ) Itzigs et Rote. var. constrictum West f. minor Petkoff (Petkoff, 1950). N. digitus (Ehr. ) Itzigs et Rote. var. lamellosum (Brèb. ) Grönbl. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). N. digitus (Ehr. ) Itzigs et Rote. f. rhomboideum (Grönbl. ) Kossink (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). N. interruptum (Bréb. ) Lütkem. (Petkoff, 1950; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). N. interruptum (Bréb. ) Lütkem. var. minor Petkoff (Petkoff, 1950). N. oblongum (De Bary) Lutkem. (Petkoff, 1950). Penium borgeanum Skuja (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). Peat bog below Tri Mogili village - Asenovgrad region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). P. closterioides Ralfs. (f. typique) (Petkoff, 1904). P. cylindrus Bréb. (f. typique) (Petkoff, 1904). P. crassisculum De-Bary (Petkoff, 1904). P. cylindrus Bréb. (Petkoff, 1950). P. cylindrus Bréb. var. silesiacus f. contorta Schmidle (Petkoff, 1904). P. didymocarpum Lund. (Petkoff, 1904, 1950). P. didymocarpum Lund. f. major Petkoff (Petkoff, 1950). P. interruptum Bréb. (f. typique) (Petkoff, 1904). P. lamellosum Bréb. (Petkoff, 1904). P. libellula (Focke) Nordst. var. interruptum Roy & Biss (Petkoff, 1950).
Algae
169
P. margaritaceum (Ehr. ) Breb. (f. typique) (Petkoff, 1904, 1950). P. minutissimum Nordst. (Petkoff, 1904). P. naegelii Breb. (Petkoff, 1904). P. navicula Breb. (Petkoff, 1904, 1950). P. navicula Breb. f. apicubulus rutundatis Wille (Petkoff, 1904). P. navicula Breb. var. inflatum West & G. S. West (Petkoff, 1950). P. oblongum De-Bary (Petkoff, 1904). P. silvae-nigrae Rabenh. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). P. spinospermum Josh. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). P. spirotriolatum Barker (Petkoff, 1950; Vodenicarov, 1967; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). Pleurotaeniopsis de-bary (Arch. ) Lund. (Petkoff, 1904). P. cucumis (Corda) Lagerh. (Petkoff, 1904). P. cucumis (Corda) Lagerh. f. major Nordst. (Petkoff, 1904). P. turida (Breb. ) Lund. (Petkoff, 1904). Pleurotaenium ehrenbegrgii (Bréb. ) De Bary (Petkoff, 1904; Vodenicarov, 1967; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). P. eugenerum (Turp. ) W. et West (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). P. minimum (Ralfs) Delp. (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). P. minutum (Ralfs. ) Delp. var. latum Caiser (Kirjakov, 1984; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). P. maximum (Bernsch. ) Lund. (Petkoff, 1950). P. rectum Delp. (Petkoff, 1904). P. trabecula (Ehr. ) Näg. (Vodenicarov, 1967; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). Lake near Lebed village – Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt.). P. trabecula . (Ehr. ) Näg. f. crassum Wittr. (Kiriakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). P. trabecula . (Ehr. ) Näg. f. granulatum G. S. West (Kirjakov, 1981c; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). P. trabecula (Ehr. ) Näg. var. latum Kaiser (Kirjakov, 1984b. P. trabecula (Ehr. ) Näg. var. rectum (Delp. ) West & G. S. West (Petkoff, 1950). P. trabecula (Ehr. ) Näg. f. maximum (Reinsch) Roll (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). P. truncatum (Breb. ) Näg. (Petkoff, 1904, 1950). Raphidiastrum lunatum (Ralfs) Palm. -Mordv. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). Lake near Lebed village – Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). Roya anglica G. West (Kirjakov, 1989). R. pseudoclosterium (Roy) W. et G. S. West (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). Sphaerozosma aubertianum West (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. excavatum Ralfs (Petkoff 1904, 1950; Kirjakov, 1982; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). S. granulatus (Najdenow, 1964a). S. vertebratum (Bréb. ) Ralfs (Kirjakov, 1981c; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). Spirogyra acanthophora (Skuja) Czurda (Vodenicarov & Kirjakov, 1981). S. acumbentis Vodenic. (Vodenicarov & Kirjakov, 1970, 1981; Kiriakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. cavata Vodenic. (Vodenicarov & Kirjakov, 1970, 1981). S. columbiana Czurda (Vodenicarov & Kirjakov, 1982). S. crassa (Kütz. ) Petit (Petkoff, 1929, 1950). S. farlovii Transeau (Kirjakov, 1988). S. inflata (Vauch. ) Kütz. (Petkoff 1950; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. neglecta (Hass) Kütz. (Petkoff, 1929). S. nitida (Dillw. ) Link (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987a). S. parvula (Trans. ) Churda (Kirjakov, 1988). S. rhodopaea Petkoff (Petkoff 1935, 1950). S. stricta (Engl. Bot) Wittr. (Petkoff 1906à, 1907).
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S. spinescens Kirjakov (Vodenicarov & Kirjakov, 1970, 1981). S. teodoresci Transeau (Vodenicarov & Kirjakov, 1981, 1987b). S. varians (Hass. ) Kütz. (Petkoff, 1950). Pepelashka River above Hrabrino village - Plovdiv region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). Spirotaenia condensata Bréb. (Petkoff, 1904, 1950; Vodenicarov, 1967; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). Bog near the Zdravets village – Smolyan region, bogs and floods near the Slaveino village - Smolyan region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). S. erytrocephala Itz. (Vodenicarov, 1967; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. obscura Ralfs (Petkoff, 1950). S. parvula Arch. (Kiriakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). Spondillosium papillosum W. et G. S. West (Kirjakov, 1981c; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. pulchellum Arch. (Kiriakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. pulchellum Arch. var. bambusinoides (Wittr. ) Lund (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. pygmaeum (Cooke) West (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). Staurastrum apiculatum Bréb. (Najdenow & Saiz, 1977, 1983; Saiz, 1977). S. brachycerum Bréb. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. connatum (Lund. ) Roy et Biss. (Vodenicarov & Kiriarov, 1969; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. controversum Bréb. forma [Schmidle 1] (Petkoff, 1904). S. cristatum Archer forma West (Petkoff, 1950). S. cuspudatum Bréb. (Petkoff, 1904, 1950). S. cyrtocerum Bréb. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. dejectum Bréb. (Petkoff, 1904, 1950; Saiz, 1977; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). S. dejectum Bréb. var. mucronatum Ralfs (Petkoff, 1904). S. dickei Ralfs (Petkoff 1904, 1950; Saiz, 1977; Najdenow & Saiz, 1977, 1983). S. dilatatum Ehr. (Petkoff, 1904; Saiz, 1977; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). S. extensus (Anders. ) Teil. (Najdenov & Saiz, 1983). S. forciculatum Lund. (Vodenicarov & Kirjakov, 1969; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. furcigerum Bréb. (Petkoff, 1904, 1950; Najdenow, 1964a; Najdenov & Saiz, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. gracile Ralfs (Ludskanova, 1967; Saiz, 1977; Najdenow & Saiz 1977, 1983; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. hexacerum (Ehr. ) Wittr. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. hirsutum (Ehr. ) Bréb. (Petkoff, 1950). S. lanceolatum Arch. (Petkoff, 1904). S. margaritaceum Ehr. (Petkoff, 1950). S. megalonotum Nordst. (Petkoff, 1950). S. muricatum Bréb. (Petkoff, 1906, 1908, 1950). S. orbiculare Ehr. ad. f. typica Nordst. (Petkoff, 1904, 1950). S. paradoxum Meyen (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). Lake near Lebed village - Kardjali region (Kirjakov, in litt. ). S. paradoxum Meyen var. nodolosum West. (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. polymorphum Bréb. (Petkoff, 1904, 1950; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. polytrichum Perty (Petkoff, 1904, 1950). S. pterosporum Lund (Petkoff, 1904). S. punctulatum Bréb. (Petkoff, 1904, 1950). S. pyramidatum (St. muricatum Breb. var. acutum) (Petkoff, 1904, 1950). S. sexcoststum Bréb. (Petkoff, 1904, 1950). S. sexnotatum Bréb. var. productum West & G. S. West (Petkoff, 1950). S. spetsbergensis (Nordst. ) Teil. var. floriana Teil. (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. spongiosum Bréb. (Petkoff, 1950).
Algae
171
S. teliferum Ralfs (Petkoff, 1904, 1950). S. varians Racib. var. trigonum Racib. (Petkoff, 1950). S. tetracerum Ralfs (Petkoff, 1904, 1950; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). Staurodesmus clepsydra (Nordst. ) Teil. (Kirjakov, 1984b). S. converges (Ehr. ) Teil. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. converges (Ehr. ) Teil. var. vollei (I. -M. ) Teil. (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. dejectum (Bréb. ) Teil. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. dickei (Ralfs) Lillier (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. dickei (Ralfs) Lillier var. circularis (Turn. ) Croas (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. dickei (Ralfs) Lillier f. punctata West (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. extensus (Borge) Teil. (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. extensus (Borge) Teil. var. joshuae (Gutw. ) Teil. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. glaber (Ehr. ) Teil. (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b) . S. incus (Bréb. ) Teil. (Kirjkov, 1982; Kiriakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. incus (Bréb. ) Teil. var. ralfsii (West) Teil. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. indentatus (West) Teil. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. mucronatus (Ralfs) Croas (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. mucronatus (Ralfs) Croas. var. delicatulus (G. S. West) Teil. (Kirjakov, 1984b; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. mucronatus (Ralfs) Croas. var. delicatulus (G. S. West) Teil. fo. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). S. spetsbergensis (Nordst. ) Teil. var. floriana Teil. (Kirjakov, 1984; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). Telingia excavata (Ralfs) Bourr. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). T. granulata (Roy et Biss. ) Bourr. (Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). Tetmaemorus laevis (Kütz. ) Ralfs (Petkoff, 1904; 1950; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). T. laevis (Kütz. ) Ralfs var. ornatus Schmidle (Petkoff, 1904). Xanthidium antilopaeum (Bréb. ) Kütz. (Petkoff, 1904; Kirjakov & Vodenicarov, 1987b). X. brebissonii Ralfs var. basidentatum Bötges (Petkoff 1906a, 1907). X. fasciculatum Ehr. (Petkoff, 1950). Zygnema cruciatum (Vauch. ) Ag. (Petkoff, 1950). Z. pectinatum (Wauch. ) Ag. var. terestris Borge (Petkoff, 1950). Z. pseudocylindricum Gautier-Lievre (Vodenicarov & Kirjakov, 1980a). Z. subcylindricum Krieger (Vodenicarov & Kirjakov, 1980a). Charophyta Chara vulgaris L. (Petkoff 1904, 1913, 1914, 1950). Ch. vulgaris L. var. gymnophylla (A. Br. ) Nyman (Petkoff 1904, 1913, 1914, 1929, 1950). Ch. vulgaris L. var. gymnophylla (A. Br. ) Nyman f. elongata (Petkoff) Blaz. & Temn. (Petkoff 1934; Blazenèic & Temniskova, in litt. ). Tolypella intricata (Trentep. Ex Roth) Leonh. (Petkoff 1913, 1914).
References BELCEVA R. 1959. Untersuchungen in Stausee “W. Kolarov” zwecks seiner Ausnustung für die Fischwirtschaft. - Ann. de l’Univ. de Sofia, Fac. de biol., géol. et géogr., 51(1): 311-338 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). DRAGANOV S. 1964. Beitrag zur Algenflora Bulgariens. II. - Ann. de l’Univ. de Sofia, Fac. de biol., géol. et géogr., 57(1): 9-16 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ. ). DRAGANOV S. 1965. Untersuchungen über die Algenflora der Boden Bulgariens. II. Verbreitung von Nostoc commune Vauch. auf Bodentypen. - Ann. de l’Univ. de Sofia, Fac. de biol., géol. et géogr., 58(2): 123-129 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.).
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IUCN Species Survival Commision. 1994. IUCN Red List Categories. – 40th Meeting of the IUCN Council, Gland. KIRJAKOV I. 1971. Beitrag zur Algenflora Bulgariens II. - Travaux Sci. de l’Ecole Norm. Supér., Plovdiv, 9(3): 141-147 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). KIRJAKOV I. 1972. The algal flora of Smolyan lakes (Chlorococcales). - Mitteil. des Botan. Inst., 22: 97-117 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). KIRJAKOV I. 1974. Beitrag zur Algenflora Bulgariens III. - Travaux Sci. Univ. “P. Hilendarski” - Plovdiv, 12(4): 23-30 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). KIRJAKOV I. 1978. Notizen über die Scenedesmus Arten (Chlorococcales) Bulgariens. - Travaux Sci. Univ. “P. Hilendarski” - Plovdiv, 16(4): 41-55 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). KIRJAKOV I. 1980. On some new Scenedesmus taxa (Chlorophyta, Chlorococcales). - Travaux Sci. Univ. “P. Hilendarski” - Plovdiv, 16(4): 61-67 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). KIRJAKOV I. 1981a. Chorological data about Euglenophyta in Bulgaria. - Travaux Sci. Univ. “P. Hilendarski” - Plovdiv, 19(4): 95-107 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). KIRJAKOV I. 1981b. A contribution to the algal flora of Bulgaria IV. - Travaux Sci. Univ. “P. Hilendarski” Plovdiv, 19(4): 109-120 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl. ). KIRJAKOV, I. 1981c. A contribution to the algal flora of Bulgaria V. - Travaux Sci. Univ. “P. Hilendarski” Plovdiv, 19(4): 121-140 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). KIRJAKOV I. 1982. New for the Bulgarian algae flora Ulotrichales (Chlorophyta). - Travaux Sci. Univ. “P. Hilendarski” - Plovdiv, 20(4): 67-77 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). KIRJAKOV I. 1983. Notes on the Euglenophyta Flora and its Distribution in Bulgaria. – Phytology, 22: 46-60 (in Bulgarian, summ. Engl.) KIRJAKOV I. 1984a. Beitrag zur Algenflora Bulgariens VI. - Travaux Sci. Univ. “P. Hilendarski” - Plovdiv, 22(1): 17-24 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). KIRJAKOV I. 1984b. Neue und selten mitgeteilte Vertreter des Mesoteniaceae, Gonatozygaceae und Desmidiaceae (Zygnemophyta) in der Algenflora Bulgariens. - Travaux Sci. Univ. “P. Hilendarski” Plovdiv, 22(2): 89-101 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). KIRJAKOV I. 1985. A contribution to the algal flora of Bulgaria VII. - Travaux Sci. Univ. “P. Hilendarski” Plovdiv, 23(1): 17-24 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). KIRJAKOV I. 1987. A survey of the euglenoid algae represented in Bulgaria and new data for their distribution. – Proc. fourth nation. Conf. - Botany, Sofia, 1: 116-123 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). KIRJAKOV I. 1988. Neue und einmalig mitgeteilte Arten der Gattung Spirogyra Link (Zygnemophyta) in der Algenflora Bulgariens. - Travaux Sci. Univ. “P. Hilendarski” – Plovdiv, 26(6): 23-27 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). KIRJAKOV I. 1989. Beitrag zur Algenflora Bulgariens VIII. - Travaux Sci. Univ. “P. Hilendarski” - Plovdiv, 27(6): 31-41 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). KIRJAKOV I. 1994. Euglenophyta – variability, taxonomy, evolutionary trends, composition and chorology in Bulgaria. - DSc Thesis, Plovdiv Univ. “P. Hilendarski”, Plovdiv, 262 pp. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). KIRJAKOV I. in litt. – Manuscripts KIRJAKOV I., D. VODENICAROV. 1984. Taxonomische Zusammensetzung der Algen in den Smoljan und Čair-Seen (Rhodopen). I. - Travaux Sci. Univ. “P. Hilendarski” - Plovdiv, 22(2): 55-88 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). KIRJAKOV I., D. VODENICAROV. 1987a. Taxonomische Zusammensetzung der Algen in den Smoljan und Čair-Seen (Rhodopen). II. - Travaux Sci. Univ. “P. Hilendarski” - Plovdiv, 25(6): 23-32 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). KIRJAKOV I., D. VODENICAROV. 1987b. Taxonomische Zusammensetzung der Algen in den Smoljan und Čair-Seen (Rhodopen). III. - Travaux Sci. Univ. “P. Hilendarski” - Plovdiv, 25(6): 33-42 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). KIRJAKOV I., D. VODENICAROV. 1988. Taxonomische Zusammensetzunger Algen in den Smoljan und Čair-Seen (Rhodopen). IV. - Travaux Sci. Univ. “P. Hilendarski” – Plovdiv, 26(6): 29-39 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). LUDSKANOVA J. 1967. Dynamyk der Anzahl und Biomasse des Zooplanktons im Stausee Batak für die Periode 1963-1965. - Proc. of the res. Inst. of Fischeries and Oceanology - Varna, 8: 371-387 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). NAJDENOW W. 1964a. Plankton und Dynamyk der führenden Planktonformen in Stausee Batak. - Bull. de l’Inst. de Zoology et Musée, 15: 151-183 (In Bulgarian, summ. Germ.). NAJDENOW W. 1964b. Verbreitung und Migration des Zooplanktons im Stausee “Batak” während des Periode 1958-1960. - Bull. de l’Inst. de Zool. et Musée, 16: 165-190 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.).
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NAJDENOW W. 1968. Formierung der Zooplankton Zönosen in den Stauseen Bulgariens. - In: Limnol. Invest. of the Danube, Kiev: 279-285. NAJDENOW W. 1975. Untersuchungen der planktischen Zönosen einiger natürlicher Stehen der Gewässer in den Rhodopen. - In: Fauna des Rhodopes. Matériaux. Ed. G. Peschev Edition de l’Acad. Bulg. Sci., p. 41-61 (In Bulgarian). NAJDENOW W., D. SAIZ. 1977. Das Plankton im Stauraum “Dospat” in den ersten Jahren nach der Aufspeicherung. - Hydrobiology, 5: 24-37 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). NAJDENOW W., D. SAIZ. 1983. The Plankton of Stagnant Waters in the Trigradsko-Yagodinski Region (Central Rhodopes). - Hydrobiology, 19: 3-13 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). PETKOFF S. 1904. Troixième contribution de l’étude des algues d’eau douce en Bulgarie. - Period. Sp. Bulg. Kniz. D-vo, 65: 385-416 (In Bulgarian). PETKOFF S. 1906a. Cinquième contribution à l’étude des Algues d’eau douce de Bulgarie. – Nuova Notar., 17: 151-161 (In Bulgarian, summ. French). PETKOFF S. 1906b. Sur la flore algologique d’eau douce de Bulgarie. – In: Congr. Int. Bot. II (Vienne), Travaux Sci., 354-369 PETKOFF S. 1907. Quatrième contribution à l’étude des Algues d’eau douce de Bulgarie. - Sb. Narodni umotvorenia, nauka i knijnina, 22/23(3): 1-23 (In Bulgarian, summ. French). PETKOFF S. 1908. Cinquème contribution à l’étude des Algues d’eau douce de Bulgarie. - Period. Sp. Bulg. Kniz. D-vo, 68: 603-624 (In Bulgarian, summ. French). PETKOFF S. 1910. Les algues de la Bulgarie du SO et leur dispersion. – Ann. de l’Univ. de Sofia, 5(3): 1-88 (In Bulgarian, summ. French). PETKOFF S. 1913. Les Characées de Bulgarie. - Revue de l’Acad. Bulgare de Sci., 7: 1 - 44. PETKOFF S. 1914. Les Characées de Bulgarie. – La Nuova Notarisia, 25: 35-56. PETKOFF S. 1929. Un habitat algologique important et son changement partiel défavorable. - Travaux de la Soc. bulgare de Sci., 14: 99-105. (In Bulgarian, summ. French). PETKOFF S. 1934. Contribution supplémentaire aux Characées de Bulgarie. - Revue de l’Acad. Bulgare des sci., 51: 1-67. PETKOFF S. 1935. Les Zygnemales de la Bulgarie et leur dispersion. - Annuaire de l’Univ. de Sofia, 31(3): 1-13. PETKOFF S. 1950. Contribution suplémentaire à la flore algologique des Rhodopes. - Mitteil. der Botan. Inst., 1: 452-473 (In Bulgarian, summ. French). SAIZ D. 1977. Die jahreszeitliche Dynamik Phytoplanktons im Stauraum “Batak”. - Hydrobiology, 5: 52-61 (In Russian, summ. Germ). SEMERZIEV M., N. NIKIFOROV, D. PORFIROV, I. KIRJAKOV, O. NIKOLOVA. 1980. Botanical characteristics and medicinal proprieties of the algal community in mineral warwe of Haskovo. – In - First sci. -pract. conf. Haskovo Batting place, Haskovo, 135-142 (In Bulgarian). STOYNEVA M., R. STANCHEVA, M. NEDYALKOVA. 2002. New records of Hildebrandia rivularis (Liebm.) J. Ag. (Rhodophyta) in Bulgaria. - Phytologia Balkanica, 8(2): 197-204. TEMNISKOVA-TOPALOVA D. 1965. Über die Flora von Euglenophyta und Volvophyceae in Bulgarien. II. Ann. de l’Univ. de Sophia, Fasc. Biologie, 58(2): 49-59 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). TEMNISKOVA-TOPALOVA D. N., V. P. DIMITROVA. 1983. Diatoms of some Smolyan and Chair Lakes in the Rhodopes. - Fitologia, 23: 63-69 (in Russian, summ. Engl. ). TEMNISKOVA D., I. KIRJAKOV, S. MONCHEVA, M. STOYNEVA, R. MLADENOVA, D. BELKINOVA, R. STANCHEVA, P. IVANOV. 2005. Biodiversity of the algae in Bulgaria – In: Petrova A. (ed.), Current state of Bulgarian biodiversity, Sofia: 11-36 (in Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). VALKANOV A. 1926. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Flagellaten Bulgariens. - Bull. de Soc. Botan. de Bulgarie, 1: 105-120 (In Bulgarian, summ. Germ. ). VALKANOV A. 1928. Protistenstudien II. Notizen über die Flagellaten Bulgariens. - Arch. Protistenk. 63(3): 419-450. VODENICAROV D. 1958. Beitrag zur Algenflora Bulgariens. - Mitteil. der Botan. Inst., 6: 431-438 (In Bulgarian). VODENICAROV D. 1960a. Beitrag zur Algenflora Bulgariens II. - Mitteil. der Botan. Inst., 7: 321-331 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ. ). VODENICAROV D. 1960b. New green algae. - Ukrainsk. Botan. Jurn., 17(2): 89-94 VODENICAROV D. 1960c. Beitrag zur Algenflora Bulgariens III. - Ann. de l’Univ. de Sofia, Fac. de biol., géol. et géogr., 52(1): 137-146 (In Ukrainian, summ. Russ., Engl. ). VODENICAROV D. 1960d. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Süвwasser Rotalgen in Bulgarien. - Ann. de l’Univ. de Sofia, Fac. de biol., géol. et géogr., 52(1): 153-161 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.).
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VODENICAROV D. 1961. Gloeothece heufleri Grun. in Bulgaria. - Bot. mat. otd. spor. rast. AN SSSR, 14: 111-114 (In Russian). VODENICAROV D. 1962. Beitrag zur Algenflora Bulgariens IV. - Mitteil. des Botan. Inst., 10: 145-159 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). VODENICAROV D. 1963. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Micractinium Fries. - Compt. Rend. Acad. Bulg. Sci. 16(3): 505-308. VODENICAROV D. 1967. Beitrag zur Algenflora Bulgariens. VI. - Mitteil. des Botan. Inst., 17: 231-237 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). VODENICAROV D. 1969. Biometrische Untersuchungen über die natürlichen Populationen der OedogonumArten. - Travaux Sci. de l’Ecole Norm. Supér. “P. Hilendarski”, Plovdiv, 7(1): 137-149 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). VODENICAROV D., K. BENDERLIEV. 1971a. Neglectella gen. nov. (Chlorococcales). - Nowa Hedw., 21(1-4): 801-815. VODENICAROV D., K. BENDERLIEV. 1971b. Trochiscia stelata sp. nov. – Natura. - Plovdiv, 4(1): 111-114. VODENICAROV D., I. KIRJAKOV. 1969. Ankistrodesmus closterioides (Printz. ) Korsch. in dem “Smoljanski”Seen. - Mitteil. des Botan. Inst., 19: 137-145 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ. ). VODENICAROV D., I. KIRJAKOV. 1970. New species of Mougeotia and Spirogyra from South Bulgaria. - Bull. of the Natural sci. museum, Plovdiv, 1: 19-30 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). VODENICAROV D., I. KIRJAKOV. 1980a. Biometrische Untersuchungen an Zygnemalen Sippen in VR Bulgarien I. Gattung Zygnema Agardh. - Travaux Sci. Univ. “P. Hilendarski” - Plovdiv, 18(4): 15-31 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ. ). VODENICAROV D., I. KIRJAKOV. 1980b. Biometrische Untersuchungen an Zygnemalen Sippen in VR Bulgarien II. Gattung Mougeotia Agardh. - Travaux Sci. Univ. “P. Hilendarski” - Plovdiv, 18(4): 33-60 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). VODENICAROV D., KIRJAKOV I. 1981. Biometrische Untersuchungen an Zygnemalen Sippen in VR Bulgarien III. Gattung Spirogyra Link. - Travaux Sci. Univ. “P. Hilendarski” - Plovdiv, 19(4): 15-52 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ. ). VODENICAROV D., I. KIRJAKOV. 1982. Biometrische Untersuchungen an Zygnemalen Sippen in VR Bulgarien IV. Gattung Spirogyra Link. - Travaux Sci. Univ. “P. Hilendarski” - Plovdiv, 20(4): 31-66 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). VODENICAROV D., I. KIRJAKOV. 1987. Morphology and taxonomy of Trachelomonas dybowskii Drez. (Euglenophyta). - Phytology, 33: 34-38. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). VODENICAROV D., I. KIRJAKOV, D. TEMNISKOVA-TOPALOVA, D. DIMITROVA–KONAKLIEVA. 1987. Hydrobotanic characteristic of the regional station for biological monitoring “Ropotamo”, “Rozen” and “Steneto”. – First Nation. Conf. On the problems of biological monitoring, Plovdiv, 22-24 oct., 1987, 109-114 (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). VODENICAROV D., I. KIRJAKOV, S. DIMITROVA–KONAKLIEVA. 1991. Freshwater red algae (Rhodophyta) in Bulgaria. - Phytology, 39: 54-65 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). Authors’ address: Dobrina Temniskova Sofia University Faculty of Biology Department of Botany 8, Dragan Tsankov Blvd. 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria e-mail: temn@biofac. uni-sofia. bg Ivan Kirjakov Plovdiv University Faculty of Biology Department of Botany 24, Tsar Asen Blvd. Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Биоразнообразие на водораслите в Родопите (България) Добрина ТЕМНИСКОВА, Иван КИРЯКОВ (Р е з ю м е) Направен е преглед на изследванията върху върху водораслите в Родопите за периода 19042005 г. и са очертани два етапа в развитието им. Изследванията са в областта на флористиката, хорологията, таксономията, мониторинговите изследвания и хидробиологията. По литературни източници и непубликувани данни е обобщено и анализирано биоразнообразието на водораслите. Посочени са 1257 вида, разновидности и форми, като за всеки таксон е цитиран литературен източник, а за тези които не са публикувани, са дадени местонаходищата и биотопите (списък на видовете - Annex 1). Tаксоните в списъка са посочени както са публикувани, без да е оправена синонимиката им, с изключение на Charophyta, които са ревизирани от E. Blajenиic и Д. Темнискова. Установената в Родопите алгофлора е богата. Таксономичното й богатство се обуславя от разнообразните биотопи и хабитати. С най-голямо разнообразие са представени Zygnemophyta362 вида, разновидности и форми, които представляват 28. 8% от водораслова флора и Chlorophyta-319 (25. 4%), следвани от Bacillariophyta-238 (18. 9%), Cyanoprokaryota-117 (9. 3%) и Euglenophyta-114 (9. 1%) (Таблица 1). Застъпеността на отделите водорасли, изразена в проценти, спрямо установената водораслова флора, е отразена на фиг. 1. Водораслите са разпространени в разнообразни естествени и изкуствени биотопи и тяхното биоразнообразие по типовете биотопи е представено на таблица 2. С най-разнообразна и богата алгофлора се отличават езерата – 826 вида, разновидности и форми, което представлява 65. 7% от общия брой водорасли представени в Родопите. Всред водораслите се очертават 87 вида и вътревидови таксони, които имат широко разпространение в Зап. Родопи и се срещат най-често в езера, блата, язовири, рибарници, някои и в разливи и бавнотечащи води, торфища и мочурища. От различни местонаходища и биотопи в Родопите са описани 27 таксона нови за науката - 1 род, 10 вида, 3 разновидности и 13 форми, които се отнасят към еугленовите, зелените, зигнемовите и харови водорасли. След ревизия, някои от формите описани от Ст. Петков, особено тези на видове Closterium, биха отпаднали. Повечето от тях са отделени само по размерни признаци и за съжаление не са описани по-подробно. По непубликувани материали на И. Киряков в настоящата публикация, за първи път за Родопите се съобщават 8 рода – Bodo, Phaeоtаmnion, Glenodinium, Euastriopsis, Platymonas, Siderocelis, Sphaerelopsis и Tetrastrum, 37 вида, 10 разновидности и 1 форма. Отбелязани са редки за България видове водорасли, известни само в Родопите и най-често в едно находище: Lemanea ciliata, L. sudetica (Rhodophyta), Stenopterobia intermedia (Lewis) Brйb. = St. curvulae (W. Smith) Krammer (Bacillariophyta); Characiopsis acuta, Ch. borziana, Chytridiochloris viridis (Botrydiophyta), Epipyxis planctonica, Kephyrion rubri–claustri, Kybotion ellipsoideum (Chrysophyta); Gyropaygne kosmos (Euglenophyta), Geminella minor (Chlorophyta) и др. Интерес представлява намирането в Родопите на видове като Eucapsis minuta, Ulothrix bipirenoidosa, Cosmarium nitidilus var. javanicum. В Родопите се срещат и застрашени видове. Според International Union for the Conservation Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN, 1994) Tolypella intricata (Charophyta) е с категория CR (critically endengered). Тук видът е разпространен само в застояли води на Беглика (Petkoff, 1913, 1914). Към застрашените видове трябва да прибавим сладководните червени водорасли: Thorea ramosissima, Hildebrandia rivularis, Batrachospermum moniliforme и видовете Lemanea. Вследствие усиленото замърсяване на реките, потоците и каптирането на извори през последните години, тези водорасли постепенно изчезват. В по-широк, национален план, това поставя въпроса за крайната необходимост от изработването на Червен списък на редки и застрашени от унищожаване видове водорасли в България и включването им в Червената книга. В резултат от прегледа на изследванията върху водораслите в Родопите и анализа на водорасловата флора, се очертава следната картина: Изследванията върху водораслите се отнасят основно за Западните Родопи. Водорасловата флора тук е относително добре проучена, но все още недостатъчно. Независимо от констатираното биоразнообразие, анализа показва “бели петна” по
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отношение пълното или съвсем слабо изучаване на отделни групи водорасли и различни биотопи. Ясно се очертава неравностойното проучване на биотопите. Откроява се биоразнообразието на Смолянските и Чаирски езера. Това се дължи не само на спецификата на самите басейни, но до голяма степен и на системното им дългогодишно изследване. В тях подробно са дадени и кремъчните водорасли, които слабо, спорадично или изобщо не са изследвани в другите биотопи. За блатата, торфищата, мочурищата, малките езерца, язовирите и рибарниците все още не достатъчно подробно и системно са проучени част от водораслите (Chlorophyta, Zygnemophyta, Euglenophyta, Cyanoprokaryota), а други са съвсем слабо изследвани (Cryptophyta, Dinophyta, Chrysophyta). В Зап. Родопи алгофлората на реките и потоците, почва, влажни скали, мъхове, остава все още непозната. Изследванията върху водораслите в Източни Родопи са само спорадични и се свеждат до много ограничени флористични данни за Хасковските минерални бани, Момчилград, малките езерца край селата Лебед и Душинково, Кърджали и Кърджалийско. Затова представеното биоразнообразие на водораслите в Родопите не е пълно и може да се очаква, че видовият състав на водораслите ще се увеличи.
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Bryophyte diversity in the Rhodopes Mts. (Bulgaria)
ANNA GANEVA
Ganeva A. 2006. Bryophyte diversity in the Rhodopes Mts. (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P. (ed) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 177-190. Abstract. Three hundred and sixty four bryophytes were reported up to now from the Rhodopes Mts., 75 liverworts and 289 mosses. Forty eight species are important from a conservation point of view. Two species are Critically Endangered, 10 are Endangered, 28 Vulnerable, and 8 Near Threatened. Twelve of the threatened species are known from one locality, which is in the Rhodopes. More often the extinction of the species or the reduction of the area of their populations is a result of destruction of their habitats. Key words: bryophyte diversity, Rhodopes, Bulgaria, threatened bryophytes
An overview of the bryophyte studies in the Rhodopes The first data on the distribution of the bryophytes in Bulgaria could be found in the paper of VELENOVSKY (1901), where 97 species and several varieties were reported. Ten of these species were from the Western Rhodopes. The publications of ARNAUDOW (1911) and PODPÉRA (1911) date back to the same period of time. During the studies on the peat vegetation in Dospatska Mt. (STEFANOFF & JORDANOFF, 1931) bryophyte flora was also a subject of research. There is considerable chorological information in the reports of foreign scientists who visited Bulgaria during the thirties and sixties of the last century (SZEPESFALVI, 1932; ADE & KOPPE, 1955; KUC et al., 1965; VÁŇA & DUDA, 1965; MICKIEWICZ et al., 1966; ŠMARDA 1970). Often the localities were not precisely written in their papers and no herbarium specimens were deposited in Bulgaria. This makes the contemporary assessment of the bryophyte diversity in the Rhodopes difficult and not very accurate. Petrov’s studies were very important for the knowledge of the bryophyte richness and distribution in various habitats in the Western Rhodopes (PETROV 1956, 1958a, 1958b, 1963, 1964, 1966). STEFANOFF & PETROV (1962) summarized the chorological data about Bulgarian bryophytes (incl. the data from the Western Rhodopes) but in this publication the distribution and localities of some species were presented too broadly, e.g. “locality: Western Rhodopes”. Current floristic reports are those of BLOCKEEL (1994) and GANEVA (1995a, 1996a).
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Several regions in the Rhodopes could be outlined as places with more comprehensive data on bryophyte diversity: Bachkovo and Bachkovo Monastery (55 species), Chepelare (31 species), the valley of the river Novomahalenska near the town of Peshtera (26 species), Erkyupriyska river and Er Kyupriya locality (Chudnite Mostove) (25 species). There are more detailed surveys of mires in Shiroka Polyana locality and near the towns of Chepelare and Dospat, as well as about the bryoflora in Beglika locality. There are comparatively fragmentary data about the areas near Smolyan, Trigrad, Batak, Gela, and Perelik hut. Only 22 species were reported from the Eastern Rhodopes Mts., so there is a necessity of consistent floristic research. Bryophyte collections during the last 1-2 years added 31 species to the bryoflora of the Eastern Rhodopes (GANEVA & NATCHEVA, unpubl.). The protected areas in the Rhodopes have not been studied so far in regards to the bryophyte diversity. An exception is Beglika reserve where studies were carried out on bryophyte density, biomass, cover, macroelements and microelements content, energy values of dominant species in some coniferous communities (GANEVA 1995b, 1995c, 1996b).
Species diversity The bryophyte species reported up to now from the Rhodopes Mts. are 364, which is 51.6% of the species known from Bulgaria. (GANEVA & NATCHEVA, 2003; NATCHEVA & GANEVA, 2005)(Table 1). Out of these 364 species the liverworts are 75 species (42.9% of the Bulgarian liverworts), and there are 289 mosses species (54.4% of the Bulgarian mosses.). Seventy point eight percent of the genera and 77.2 % of the families known in Bulgaria are present in the Rhodopes. Among the most species-rich genera are Sphagnum (20), Bryum (17), Grimmia (12), Didymodon and Eurhynchium (9), Scapania (8), Lophozia, Brachythecium, Orthotrichum, Plagiomnium, and Tortula (7 species). The most abundant are the circumpolar species (17%), followed by the temperate mountainous (14.6%), and the cosmopolitan species (12.4%). Mediterrano-atlantic and submediterrano-subatlantic species are 10.4% each. The boreal, circumboreal, subarcticsubalpine and northern sub Atlantic species are 8.8%, 8%, 6.3% and 4.7%, respectively. The least frequent are the species with arcto-alpine and Euro-Asian distribution. Bryophytes prefer very diverse substrates. In the forest communities there are bryophytes growing on soil, rocks, on tree and shrub bark, on decaying wood. In herb communities the bryophyte diversity is not very high because of the high herb-layer cover that is unfavorable for the development of terricolous species. In such phytocoenoses the bryophytes form mats on places free of grass tufts. Some saxicolous species typical for regions with limestone bedrock could be found in the Central and Eastern Rhodopes, but not in the western part of the mountain. Very specific as habitat are mire areas where Sphagnum species as well as hygrophilous bryophytes and vascular plants grow. Like Balkan Range Mts, Rila Mt., Pirin Mt., and Vitosha Mt. the Rhodopes have been of special scientific interest for bryophyte research. The degree of exploration could be assessed when we compare the number of species reported from these mountains. For example, there are 258 bryophyte species known from Central Balkan Mts, 382 species
Bryophyte
179
T a b l e 1. List of bryophytes known from the Rhodopes Mts. by scientific reports and/or herbarium specimens (V, K, R: Vulnerable, Insufficiently known, Rare according to the Red Data Book of European Bryophytes (RDBEB); BRL – species from the Bulgarian Bryophyte Red List: CR – Critically Endangered, E - Endangered, VU - Vulnerable, NT Near Threatened) No Taxa Liverworts 1. Aneura pinguis (L.) Dumort. 2. Apometzgeria pubescens (Schrank.) Kuwah. 3. Athalamia hyalina (Sommerf.) S. Hatt. 4. Barbilophozia barbata (Schmidel ex Schreb.) Loeske 5. Barbilophozia hatcheri (A. Evans) Loeske 6. Barbilophozia lycopodioides (Wallr.) Loeske 7. Blepharostoma trichophyllum (L.) Dumort. 8. Calypogeia azurea Stotler et Crotz 9. Calypogeia muelleriana (Schiffn.) K. Müll. 10. Calypogeia suecica (Arnell et S. Perss) K. Müll. 11. Cephalozia bicuspidata (L.) Dumort. 12. Cephalozia lacinulata J. B. Jack ex Spruce 13. Chiloscyphus pallescens (Ehrh. ex Hoffm.) Dumort. 14. Chiloscyphus polyanthos (L.) Corda 15. Cololejeunea calcarea (Lib.) Schiffn. 16. Cololejeunea rossettiana (C.Massal.)Schiffn. 17. Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dumort. 18. Frullania dilatata (L.) Dumort. 19. Frullania tamarisci (L.) Dumort. 20. Jamesoniella autumnalis (DC.) Stef. 21. Jungermannia atrovirens Dumort. 22. Jungermannia hyalina Lyell 23. Jungermannia leiantha Grolle 24. Jungermannia obovata Nees 25. Leiocolea collaris (Nees) Schljakov 26. Leiocolea heterocolpos (Thed. ex Hartm.) Buch 27. Lepidozia reptans (L.) Dumort. 28. Lophocolea bidentata (L.) Dumort. 29. Lophocolea heterophylla (Schrad.) Dumort. 30. Lophocolea minor Nees 31. Lophozia incisa (Schrad.) Dumort. 32. Lophozia longiflora (Nees) Schiffn. 33. Lophozia obtusa (Lindb.) A. Evans 34. Lophozia ventricosa (Dicks.) Dumort. 35. Lunularia cruciata (L.) Lindb. 36. Mannia fragrans (Balbis) Frye et L.Clark 37. Marchantia alpestris (Nees) Burgeff. 38. Marchantia aquatica (Nees) Burgeff 39. Metzgeria conjugata Lindb.
RDBEB
BRL
V
VU
VU
NT
180
A. GANEVA
No Taxa 40. Metzgeria furcata (L.) Dumort. 41. Nardia compressa (Hook.) Gray 42. Nardia scalaris Gray 43. Nowellia curvifolia (Dicks.) Mitt. 44. Oxymitra incrassata (Broth.) Sérgio & Sim-Sim 45. Pedinophyllum interruptum (Nees) Kaal. 46. Pellia endiviifolia (Dicks.) Dumort. 47. Pellia epiphylla (L.) Corda 48. Pellia neesiana (Gotsche) Limpr. 49. Plagiochila asplenioides (L. emend. Taylor) Dumort. 50. Plagiochila porelloides (Torrey ex Nees) Lindenb. 51. Porella arboris-vitae (With.) Grolle 52. Porella baueri (Schiff.) C.E.O.Jensen 53. Porella cordaeana (Huebener) Moore 54. Porella platyphylla (L.) Pfeiff. 55. Preissia quadrata (Scop.)Nees 56. Ptilidium ciliare (L.) Hampe 57. Ptilidium pulcherrimum (Web.) Vainio 58. Radula complanata (L.) Dumort. 59. Reboulia hemisphaerica (L.) Raddi 60. Riccardia latifrons (Lindb.) Lindb. 61. Riccia ciliata Hoffn. 62. Riccia fluitans L. 63. Riccia glauca L. 64. Riccia sorocarpa Bisch. 65. Scapania aequiloba (Schwägr.) Dumort. 66. Scapania apiculata Spruce 67. Scapania aspera Bernet et M. Bernet 68. Scapania calcicola (Arnell et S. Perss.) Ingham 69. Scapania curta (Mart.) Dumort. 70. Scapania irrigua (Nees) Nees 71. Scapania nemorea (L.) Grolle 72. Scapania umbrosa (Schrad.) Dumort. 73. Scapania undulata (L.) Dumort. 74. Tritomaria exsectiformis (Breidl.) Loeske 75. Tritomaria quinquedentata (Huds.) Buch Mosses 76. Aloina ambigua (Bruch & Schimp.) Limpr. 77. Amblystegium confervoides (Brid.) Schimp. 78. Amblystegium riparium (Hedw.) Schimp. 79. Amblystegium serpens (Hedw.) Schimp. 80. Amphidium mougeotii (Bruch & Schimp.) Schimp. 81. Andreaea rupestris Hedw. 82. Anomodon attenuatus (Hedw.) Huebener 83. Anomodon longifolius (Brid.) C.Hartm. 84. Anomodon rugelii (Müll.Hal.) Keissl.
RDBEB
BRL
NT
NT
EN
EN
CR
NT
Bryophyte No Taxa 85. Anomodon viticulosus (Hedw.) Hook. & Taylor 86. Antitrichia curtipendula (Hedw.) Brid. 87. Atrichum tenellum (Röhl.) Bruch & Schimp. 88. Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. 89. Aulacomnium palustre (Hedw.) Schwägr. 90. Barbula convoluta Hedw. 91. Barbula crocea (Brid.) F.Weber & D.Mohr 92. Barbula unguiculata Hedw. 93. Bartramia halleriana Hedw. 94. Bartramia ithyphylla Brid. 95. Bartramia pomiformis Hedw. 96. Brachythecium albicans (Hedw.) Schimp. 97. Brachythecium plumosum (Hedw.) Schimp. 98. Brachythecium rivulare Schimp. 99. Brachythecium rutabulum (Hedw.) Schimp. 100. Brachythecium salebrosum (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Schimp. 101. Brachythecium velutinum (Hedw.) Schimp. 102. Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostre (Hedw.) P.C.Chen 103. Bryum alpinum With. 104. Bryum argenteum Hedw. 105. Bryum caespiticium Hedw. 106. Bryum capillare Hedw. 107. Bryum cyclophyllum (Schwägr.) Bruch & Schimp. 108. Bryum elegans Nees 109. Bryum kunzei Hornsch. 110. Bryum mildeanum Jur. 111. Bryum muehlenbeckii Bruch & Schimp. 112. Bryum pallens Sw. 113. Bryum pallescens Schleich. ex Schwägr. 114. Bryum pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) P.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. 115. Bryum radiculosum Brid. 116. Bryum schleicheri Schwägr. 117. Bryum stirtoni Schimp. 118. Bryum subelegans Kindb. 119. Bryum turbinatum (Hedw.) Turner 120. Buxbaumia viridis (DC.) Moug. & Nestl. 121. Calliergon cordifolium (Hedw.) Kindb. 122. Calliergon giganteum (Schimp.) Kindb. 123. Calliergonella cuspidata (Hedw.) Loeske 124. Calliergonella lindbergii (Mitt.) Hedenäs 125. Campylium chrysophyllum (Brid.) Lange 126. Campylium stellatum (Hedw.) J. Lange & C. Jens. 127. Campylophyllum halleri (Hedw.) M.Fleisch. 128. Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. 129. Cheilothela chloropus (Brid.) Broth. 130. Cinclidotus aquaticus (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. 131. Cinclidotus fontinaloides (Hedw.) P.Beauv.
RDBEB
181 BRL
VU
VU
EN VU EN
VU K
VU
V
NT EN
VU
182
A. GANEVA
No Taxa 132. Cinclidotus riparius (Brid.) Arn. 133. Cirriphyllim piliferum (Hedw.) Grout. 134. Cirriphyllim tommasinii (Sendtn. ex Boulay) Grout. 135. Climacium dendroides (Hedw.) F.Weber & D.Mohr 136. Cratoneuron filicinum (Hedw.) Spruce 137. Crossidium squamiferum (Viv.) Jur. 138. Ctenidium molluscum (Hedw.) Mitt. 139. Dichodontium pellucidum (Hedw.) Schimp. 140. Dicranella heteromalla (Hedw.) Schimp. 141. Dicranella palustris (Dicks.) Crundw. in E.F.Warb. 142. Dicranella rufescens (With.) Scimp. 143. Dicranella varia (Hedw.) Schimp. 144. Dicranoweisia crispula (Hedw.) Milde 145. Dicranum bonjeanii De Not. 146. Dicranum fulvum Hook. 147. Dicranum muehlenbeckii Bruch & Schimp. 148. Dicranum polysetum Sw. 149. Dicranum scoparium Hedw. 150. Dicranum tauricum Sapiegin 151. Didymodon acutus (Brid.) K.Saito 152. Didymodon fallax (Hedw.) R.H.Zander 153. Didymodon ferrugineus (Schimp. ex Besch.) M.O.Hill 154. Didymodon luridus Hornsch. 155. Didymodon rigidulus Hedw. 156. Didymodon sinuosus (Mitt.) Delogne 157. Didymodon spadiceus (Mitt.) Limpr. 158. Didymodon tophaceus (Brid.) Lisa 159. Didymodon vinealis (Brid.) R.H.Zander 160. Diphyscium foliosum (Hedw.) D.Mohr 161. Distichium capillaceum (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. 162. Ditrichum flexicaule (Schwägr.) Hampe 163. Ditrichum heteromallum (Hedw.) E.Britton 164. Ditrichum pusillum (Hedw.) Hampe 165. Drepanocladus aduncus (Hedw.) Warnst. 166. Encalypta ciliata Hedw. 167. Encalypta rhaptocarpa Schwägr. 168. Encalypta streptocarpa Hedw. 169. Encalypta vulgaris Hedw. 170. Entodon concinnus (De Not.) Paris 171. Entosthodon fascicularis (Hedw.) Müll.Hal. 172. Eucladium verticillatum (Brid.) Bruch & Schimp. 173. Eurhynchium angustirete (Broth.) T.J.Kop. 174. Eurhynchium crassinervium (Taylor) Schimp. 175. Eurhynchium flotowianum (Sendtn.) Kartt. 176. Eurhynchium hians (Hedw.) Sande Lac. 177. Eurhynchium praelongum (Hedw.) Schimp. 178. Eurhynchium pulchellum (Hedw.) Jenn.
RDBEB
BRL
VU
VU
VU
VU
Bryophyte No Taxa 179. Eurhynchium schleicheri (R.Hedw.) Milde 180. Eurhynchium speciosum (Brid.) Jur. 181. Eurhynchium striatum (Hedw.) Schimp. 182. Fissidens adianthoides Hedw. 183. Fissidens crassipes Wilson ex Bruch & Schimp. 184. Fissidens dubius P.Beauv. 185. Fissidens gracilifolius Brugg.-Nann. & Nyholm 186. Fissidens pusillus (Wilson) Milde 187. Fissidens taxifolius Hedw. 188. Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw. 189. Fontinalis hypnoides Hartm. 190. Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. 191. Grimmia alpestris (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Schleich. 192. Grimmia anodon Bruch & Schimp. 193. Grimmia caespiticia (Brid.) Jur. 194. Grimmia crassifolia Lindb. ex Broth. 195. Grimmia donniana Sm. 196. Grimmia laevigata (Brid.) Brid. 197. Grimmia muehlenbeckii Schimp. 198. Grimmia orbicularis Bruch ex Wilson 199. Grimmia ovalis (Hedw.) Lindb. 200. Grimmia pulvinata (Hedw.) Sm. 201. Grimmia tergestina Tomm. ex Bruch & Schimp. 202. Grimmia trichophylla Grev. 203. Gymnostomum aeruginosum Sm. 204. Gymnostomum calcareum Nees & Hornsch. 205. Gymnostomum viridulum Brid. 206. Hamatocaulis vernicosus (Mitt.) Hedenäs 207. Hedwigia ciliata (Hedw.) P. Beauv. 208. Herzogiella seligeri (Brid.) Z.Iwats. 209. Heterocladium dimorphum (Brid.) Schimp. 210. Homalia besseri Lobarz. 211. Homalothecium lutescens (Hedw.) H.Rob. 212. Homalothecium philipeanum (Spruce) Schimp. 213. Homalothecium sericeum (Hedw.) Schimp. 214. Homomallium incurvatum (Brid.) Loeske 215. Hygroamblystegium tenax (Hedw.) Jenn. 216. Hygrohypnum duriusculum (De Not.) D.W. Jamieson 217. Hygrohypnum luridum (Hedw.) Jenn. 218. Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp. 219. Hymenostilium recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Dixon 220. Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. 221. Hypnum vaucheri Lesq. 222. Isothecium alopecuroides (Dubois) Isov. 223. Leptobryum pyriforme (Hedw.) Wilson 224. Leptodon smithii (Hedw.) F.Weber & D.Mohr 225. Leucobryum glaucum (Hedw.) Ångstr.
RDBEB
183 BRL CR
VU VU
VU
VU
K
VU VU
NT
184
A. GANEVA
No Taxa 226. Meesia triquetra (Jolycl.) Ångstr. 227. Metaneckera menziesii (Drumm.) Steere 228. Microbryum davallianum (Sm.) R.H.Zander 229. Mnium marginatum (Dicks. ex With.) P. Beauv. 230. Mnium spinosum (Voit.) Schwägr. 231. Mnium stellare Hedw. 232. Mnium thomsonii Schimp. 233. Myurella julacea (Schwägr.) Schimp. 234. Neckera complanata (Hedw.) Huebener 235. Neckera crispa Hedw. 236. Neckera pennata Hedw. 237. Neckera pumila Hedw. 238. Oligotrichum hercynicum (Hedw.) Lam. & DC. 239. Orthothecium intricatum (Hartm.) Schimp. 240. Orthotrichum affine Brid. 241. Orthotrichum cupulatum Brid. 242. Orthotrichum diaphanum Brid. 243. Orthotrichum rupestre Schleich. ex Schwägr. 244. Orthotrichum speciosum Nees 245. Orthotrichum stellatum Brid. 246. Orthotrichum striatum Hedw. 247. Palustriella commutata (Hedw.) Ochyra 248. Palustriella decipiens (De Not.) Ochyra 249. Palustriella falcata (Brid.) Hedenäs 250. Paraleucobryum longifolium (Hedw.) Loesk 251. Philonotis caespitosa Jur. 252. Philonotis calcarea (Bruch & Schimp.) Schimp. 253. Philonotis fontana (Hedw.) Brid. 254. Philonotis marchica (Hedw.) Brid. 255. Philonotis seriata Mitt. 256. Philonotis tomentella Molendo 257. Plagiomnium affine (Blandow ex Funck) T.J.Kop. 258. Plagiomnium cuspidatum (Hedw.) T.J.Kop. 259. Plagiomnium elatum (Bruch &Schimp.) T.J.Kop. 260. Plagiomnium ellipticum (Brid.) T.J.Kop. 261. Plagiomnium medium (Bruch &Schimp.) T.J.Kop. 262. Plagiomnium rostratum (Schrad.) T.J.Kop. 263. Plagiomnium undulatum (Hedw.) T.J.Kop. 264. Plagiopus oederianus (Sw.) H.A.Crum & L.E.Anderson 265. Plagiothecium cavifolium (Brid.) Z.Iwats. 266. Plagiothecium denticulatum (Hedw.) Schimp. 267. Plagiothecium laetum Schimp. 268. Plagiothecium nemorale (Mitt.) A.Jaeger 269. Platydictya jungermannioides (Brid.) H.A.Crum 270. Pleuridium acuminatum Lindb. 271. Pleurochaete squarrosa (Brid.) Lindb. 272. Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt.
RDBEB
BRL
EN
R
EN
VU
EN
VU
Bryophyte No Taxa 273. Pogonatum aloides (Hedw.) P.Beauv. 274. Pogonatum urnigerum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. 275. Pohlia cruda (Hedw.) Lindb. 276. Pohlia elongata Hedw. 277. Pohlia filum (Schimp.) Martensson 278. Pohlia melanodon (Brid.) A.J.Shaw 279. Pohlia nutans (Hedw.) Lindb. 280. Pohlia proligera (Kindb.) Broth. 281. Polytrichum commune Hedw. 282. Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw. 283. Polytrichum piliferum Hedw. 284. Polytrichum strictum Brid. 285. Pseudocrossidium hornschuchianum (Schultz) R.H.Zander 286. Pseudocrossidium revolutum (Brid.) R.H.Zander 287. Pseudoleskea incurvata (Hedw.) Loeske 288. Pseudoleskea radicosa (Mitt.) Macoun & Kindb. 289. Pseudoleskea saviana (De Not.) Latzel 290. Pseudoleskeella catenulata (Brid. ex Schrad.) Kindb. 291. Pterigynandrum filiforme Hedw. 292. Pterygoneurum ovatum (Hedw.) Dixon 293. Ptilium crista-castrensis (Hedw.) De Not. 294. Pylaisia polyantha (Hedw.) Schimp. 295. Racomitrium aciculare (Hedw.) Brid. 296. Racomitrium canescens (Hedw.) Brid. 297. Racomitrium heterostichum (Hedw.) Brid. 298. Racomitrium sudeticum (Funck) Bruch & Schimp. 299. Rhizomnium punctatum (Hedw.) T.J.Kop. 300. Rhodobryum roseum (Hedw.) Limpr. 301. Rhynchostegium confertum (Dicks.) Schimp. 302. Rhynchostegium megapolitanum (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Schimp. 303. Rhynchostegium murale (Hedw.) Schimp. 304. Rhynchostegium riparioides (Hedw.) C.E.O.Jensen 305. Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus (Hedw.) Warnst. 306. Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus (Hedw.) Warnst. 307. Rhytidium rugosum (Hedw.) Kindb. 308. Saelania glaucescens (Hedw.) Broth. 309. Sanionia uncinata (Hedw.) Loske 310. Schistidium apocarpum (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. 311. Schistidium brunescens Limpr. 312. Scleropodium purum (Hedw.) Limpr. 313. Seligeria acutifolia Lindb. 314. Seligeria campylopoda Kindb. 315. Seligeria donniana (Sm.) Müll.Hal. 316. Seligeria pusilla (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. 317. Seligeria tristichoides Kindb. 318. Sphagnum angustifolium (Russow) C.E.O.Jensen 319. Sphagnum auriculatum Schimp.
RDBEB
185 BRL
VU
NT
EN
NT
VU VU VU VU VU
186
A. GANEVA
No Taxa 320. Sphagnum capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw. 321. Sphagnum centrale C.E.O. Jensen 322. Sphagnum compactum Lam. & DC. 323. Sphagnum contortum Schultz 324. Sphagnum fallax (H.Klinggr.) H.Klinggr. 325. Sphagnum flexuosum Dozy & Molk. 326. Sphagnum fuscum (Schimp.) H.Klinggr. 327. Sphagnum girgensohnii Russow 328. Sphagnum magellanicum Brid. 329. Sphagnum obtusum Warnst.. 330. Sphagnum palustre L. 331. Sphagnum papillosum Lindb. 332. Sphagnum platyphyllum (Lindb.) Warnst.. 333. Sphagnum quinquefarium (Lindb.) Warnst. 334. Sphagnum squarrosum Crome 335. Sphagnum subsecundum Nees 336. Sphagnum teres (Schimp.) Ångstr. 337. Sphagnum warnstorfii Russow 338. Straminergon stramineum (Brid.) Hedenäs 339. Syntrichia inermis (Brid.)Huebener 340. Syntrichia intermedia Brid. 341. Syntrichia latifolia (Bruch ex Hartm.) Huebener 342. Syntrichia ruralis (Hedw.) F.Weber & D.Mohr 343. Taxiphyllum wissgrilii (Carov.) Wijk & Margad. 344. Tetraphis pellucida Hedw. 345. Thuidium abietinum (Hedw.) Schimp. 346. Thuidium philibertii Limpr. 347. Thuidium recognitum (Hedw.) Limpr. 348. Timmia austriaca Hedw. 349. Timmia bavarica Hessl. 350. Tortella flavovirens (Bruch) Broth. 351. Tortella inclinata (Hedw.) Limpr. 352. Tortella tortuosa (Hedw.) Limpr. 353. Tortula atherodes R.H.Zander 354. Tortula eucalyptrata Lindb. 355. Tortula lanceolata R.H.Zander 356. Tortula muralis Hedw. 357. Tortula obtusifolia (Schwägr.) Mathieu 358. Tortula protobryoides R.H.Zander 359. Tortula subulata Hedw. 360. Trichostomum crispulum Bruch 361. Warnstorfia exannulata (Schimp.) Loeske 362. Warnstorfia sarmentosa (Wahlenb.) Hedenäs 363. Weissia condensa (Voit) Lindb. 364. Weissia controversa Hedw.
RDBEB
BRL
VU
VU
EN
Bryophyte
187
from Rila Mt, 313 and 362 species from Vitosha and Pirin Mt., respectively (GANEVA & NATCHEVA, 2004). The bryophyte flora of Parangalitsa Biosphere reserve comprises 136 species (GANEVA, 1997). Comparing the areas of these territories and the number of species, it could be expected that in the future more comprehensive bryophyte studies in the Rhodopes will bring about an increase of the species diversity.
Threatened species and conservation importance Of the 364 bryophyte species from the Rhodopes, 48 (8 liverworts and 40 mosses) are important from a conservation point of view. (Table 1.). Two species are Critically Endangered, 10 are Endangered, 28 Vulnerable, and 8 Near Threatened (NATCHEVA et al., in prep). The application of different criteria to the Red Data Book of European Bryophytes (ECCB, 1995) and to the preliminary list of Bulgarian threatened bryophytes (GANEVA, 1998) does not allow comparison with the last IUCN categories mentioned above (IUCN, 2003). Nevertheless, it is worth noting that Cephalozia lacinulata, Buxbaumia viridis, Hamatocaulis vernicosus, Orthotrichum stellatum, Grimmia caespiticia are species of European conservation importance (Table 1). Buxbaumia viridis and Hamatocaulis vernicosus are species listed in Annex II of the Bulgarian Biodiversity Law, Annex I of Resolution VI (1998) of the Standing Committee of the Bern Convention and Annex II of Habitat Directive. The locality of the Pontic saxicolous species Grimmia crassifolia is the only one known in Europe. The species was collected near the town of Asenovgrad in the river Chaya valley by R. Düll and published by GREVEN (1994). Twelve of the threatened species are known from one locality, which is in the Rhodopes. These are Scapania apiculata, Barbula crocea, Bryum stirtoni, Didymodon ferrugineus, Eurhinchium schleicheri, Gymnostomum viridulum, Platydictya jungermannioides, Ptilium cristacastrensis, Seligeria acutifolia, S. campylopoda, S. donniana, S. tristichoides. Other regions with threatened species are Chudnite Mostove (Buxbaumia viridis, Seligeria acutifolia, S. campylopoda, S. donniana, Barbula crocea, Pedinophyllum interruptum, Marchantia alpestris), the areas around the town of Trigrad and Trigrag Gorge (Bryum stirtoni, Didymodon ferrugineus, Entodon concinnus, Hypnum vaucheri, Taxiphyllum wissgrillii), Bachkovo Monastery (Hypnum vaucheri, Bryum radiculosum, B. kunzei, Rhynchostegium confertum), the areas around the town of Asenovgrad (Grimmia crassifolia, G. muehlenbeckii, Gymnostomum viridulum, Fissidens crassipes). The peat areas in Shiroka Polyana and Djenevra localities with Sphagnum species are priority for conservation habitats.
Threats The vulnerability of bryophytes is caused by their biological and morphological peculiarities: low growth rate (from several mm to 1-2 cm annually), easily removed from the substrate (there is a lack of root system), requirement for a specific substrate type (soil, siliceous or calcareous rocks, decaying wood, tree bark, wet places). More often the extinction of the species or the reduction of the area of their populations is a result of destruction of their habitats.
188
A. GANEVA
There is significant bryophyte diversity in the mires in the Rhodopes. The species Sphagnum, Drepanocladus, Calliergon, Cratoneuron often form dense cover and predominate in the vegetation structure. The water-capture abilities of the bryophytes and especially that of the peat mosses is well known, ensuring the water balance of the mire. Most of the species have strict requirements as to the habitat environment, e.g. water acidity, trophic status, illumination, water-table, thus being indicators of specific ecological conditions. The changes of habitat conditions lead to changes in species composition and this is one of the main threats for species with restricted distribution. Thus, many species could become “Endangered” or “Vulnerable” because of the changes in optimal for their existence conditions. Bulgarian mire habitats are spread throughout the southern part of the occurrence area in Europe of this wetland type, thus they are of special interest in terms of habitat inventory studies and conservation activities. For example, they differ significantly from raised bogs and blanket bogs in the northern and north-western parts of Europe. Places with oligo-, meso- and eutrophic bryophyte vegetation often are widespread in a comparatively small area and this is the reason they were identified as “heterotrophotipic” mires by PETROV (1958a). These facts increase the scientific interest and the necessity of further floristic and ecological studies with a view to their protection. Being very small plants, bryophytes are not as attractive as vascular plants and rarely are subject of human activities. During the last years some widespread bryophytes (Hypnum cupressiforme, Isothecium alopecuroides, Dicranum scoparium) have been collected as decorative plants. In most cases several species grow together forming bryophyte cover over the soil or rock surface. Thus, some rare species could be collected together with the widespread ones. This is why the commercial collecting of bryophytes should be prohibited or placed under control. The species diversity of the epiphytes growing on deciduous trees is high and these species are usually of special forestry interest. Cuttings cause not only loss of epiphytes. The bryophytes are very sensitive as regards the degree of illumination and humidity in the forests. Growing in microhabitats, they are restricted to specific microclimatic conditions, changes of which result in the alteration of the composition of bryophyte species. Considerable part of bryophytes growing on decaying wood cannot be found in other substrates. This restriction makes the bryophytes very dependent on the presence of such substrates. Species diversity decreases rapidly after clearing the old forest of fallen stems and branches. In contrast to xerophytes, hygrophytes and hydrophytes cannot withstand longterm drying up. Draining of the mires and flooded areas is a threat to hygrophilous bryoflora in these habitats. As a component of the plant communities the bryophytes are subject to common ecological trends in phytocoenoses development. However, when the threats and conservation activities concerning particular area are discussed, it is necessary to assess the biological and ecological specificities of the bryophytes and these specificities should influence all environmental protection activities in Bulgaria. The first step along these lines is to enlist bryophytes (incl. some distributed in the Rhodopes Mts.) in the National System for Biodiversity Monitoring and in the Bulgarian Biodiversity Law.
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References ADE A., KOPPE F. 1955. Moose aus dem Balkan, aus Süditalien und von den Ägäischen Inseln. - Acta Mus. Maced. scient. natur., 2(9/20): 181-197. ARNAUDOW N. 1911. Materialien über die Lebermossflora Bulgariens. - Ann. Sofia Univ., 6: 1-9 ( in Bulgarian, summary in German). BLOCKEEL T. 1994. Some bryophytes new to Bulgaria. - J. Bryol., 199-200. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR CONSERVATION OF BRYOPHYTES. 1995. Red Data Book of European Bryophytes, ECCB, Trondheim, 291 pp. GANEVA A. 1995a. Ptilium crista-castrensis (Hedw.) De Not. - new to Bulgarian bryoflora. – Phytol. Balcan., 2: 101-102. GANEVA A. 1995b. Nutrient content and energy values of bryophytes from three plant communities in the Western Rhodopes. – Phytol. Balcan., 1: 77-84. GANEVA A. 1995c. Background concentrations of some chemical elements in moss species from the Western Rhodopes. – Phytol. Balcan., 2: 85-92. GANEVA A. 1996a. Additional data on the distribution of some bryophytes in Bulgaria. – Phytol. Balcan., 2(2): 113-114. GANEVA A. 1996b. Cover, shoot density and biomass of bryophytes in three coniferous communities of the Western Rhodopes. – Phytol. Balcan., 2(1): 45-53. GANEVA A. 1997. Bryophyte Flora of the Parangalitza Biosphere Reserve, Rila Mountain. – Ann. Univ. Sofia, 89: 35-47. GANEVA A. 1998. Preliminary data on Bulgarian threatened bryophytes. - Lindbergia, 23: 33-37. GANEVA, A., NATCHEVA, R. 2003. Check-list of the bryophytes of Bulgaria with data on their distribution. I. Hepaticae and Anthocerotae. – Cryptogamie, Bryologie, 24(3): 229-239. GANEVA A., NATCHEVA R. 2004. An overview of the Bulgarian bryoflora: past, present and future. – Phytol. Balcan., 10(1): 21-26. GREVEN H. 1994. Grimmia crassifolia new to Europe. – Bryologist, 97: 180-181. IUCN. 2003. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. KUC M., VAJDA L., PÓCS T. 1965. Mosses collected during two study-tours in Bulgaria 1959 and 1962. - Bot. Közlem., 52 (1): 7-18. MICKIEWICZ J. REJMENT-GROCHOWSKA I. SOBOTKA D. 1966. Résultats des recherches bryologiques en Bulgarie. - Acta Soc. Bot. Poloniae, 35(1): 111-127. NATCHEVA R., GANEVA A. 2005. Check-list of the bryophytes of Bulgaria. II. Musci. – Cryptogamie, Bryologie, 26(2): 209-232. PETROV S. 1956. Beitrag zur Moosflora Bulgariens. - Mitteil. des Bot. Inst., 5: 371-376 (in Bulgarian, summary in German). PETROV S. 1958a. Die Sphagnum-moore in den Nadelwälder der Westrhodopen. - Mitteil. des Bot. Inst., 6:79130 (in Bulgarian, summary in German). PETROV S. 1958b. Über die südliche Verbreitungsgrenze von Diplophyllum albicans (L.) Dum. und Nowellia curvifolia (Dicks.). - Mitteil. des Bot. Inst., 6: 407-410 (in Bulgarian, summary in German). PETROV S. 1963. Neue Beirag zur Kenntnis der Moosflora Bulgariens. – Mitteil. des Bot. Inst., 11: 167-187 (in Bulgarian, summary in German). PETROV S. 1964. Erste funde von Frullania fragilifolia Taylor, Dicranum rugosum (Hoffm.) Brid., Grimmia unicolor Hook., Grimmia torquata Hornsch. in Bulgarien. - Mitteil. des Bot. Inst., 13: 161-163 (in Bulgarian, summary in German). PETROV S. 1966. Nachträgliches Material zur Moosflora Bulgariens. - Mitteil. des Bot. Inst., 16: 253-264 (in Bulgarian, summary in German). PODPÉRA J. 1911. Ein Beitrag zu der Kryptogamenflora der bulgarischen Hochgebirge. - Beih. Bot. Centralbl., 28(2): 173-224. ŠMARDA J. 1970. Complements à la flore muscinale de la Bulgarie. - Rev. Bryol. et Lichénol., 37 (1): 33-46. STEFANOFF B., PETROV S. 1962. Über die Moose und die Moosflora Bulgariens. - Bull. de l’Inst. des forêts, 11: 5-38 (in Bulgarian, summary in German). STEFANOFF B., YORDANOFF D. 1931. Materialien zur Kenntnis der Moorvegetation in den West Rhodopen (Dospadgebirge). - Ann. Univ. Sofia, Agric.-Silvic. Fac., 9: 33-70 (in Bulgarian).
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SZEPESFALVI I. 1932. Ein kleiner Beitrag zur Moosflora von Bulgarien. - Mag. Bot. Lapok, 31: 1/12: 47-51. VÁŇA J., DUDA J. 1965. Beitrag zur Lebermoosforschung Bulgariens und Jugoslaviens. - Acta musei Silesiae, Series A, 14: 137-139. VELENOVSKY J. 1902. Neunter Nachtrag zur Flora von Bulgarien. - Österr. bot. Zeitschr., 52 (3): 115-121.
Address of the author: Anna Ganeva Institute of Botany, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 23 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria e-mail:
[email protected]
Разнообразието от мъхове в Родопите (България) Анна ГАНЕВА (Р е з ю м е) Намерените досега в Родопите мъхове са 364 вида (75 чернодробни и 289 листнати). В Родопите са представени 70.8% от родовете и 77.2% от семействата, срещащи се в България. Най-висок е процентът на видовете с циркумполярно разпространение (17%), следвани от умерено планинските (14.6%) и космополитните видове (12.4%). Няколко са районите, за които има по-изчерпателни данни за разнообразието от мъхове: Бачково и Бачковският манастир, Чепеларе, долината на р. Новомахаленска край Пещера, Еркюприйска река и местностите Ер Кюприя (Чудните мостове) и Беглика. Добре проучени са торфищата в местността Широка поляна и край Чепеларе и Доспат. По-слабо проучени са Източните Родопи. Четиридесет и осем вида са консервационно значими, като 12 от тях са с по едно известно досега находище в България, и то е в Родопите. Критично застрашени са 2 вида, 10 са Застрашени, 28 - Уязвими и 8 - Почти застрашени според последните критерии на IUCN. Уязвимостта на мъховете се определя от биологичните и морфологичните им особености, но най-често причина за изчезването или намаляването на площта на популациите е унищожаването на местообитанията им. Важно за поддържане на разнообразието от мъхове е запазването на старите гори, торфищата и преовлажнените места край реки и потоци. Тези местообитания са подходящи за видове, растящи по почва, скали, кора на дървета, гниеща дървесина. Повечето мъхове са строго привързани към определен тип субстрат и не могат да се заселват върху друг. Промените в екологичните условия на местообитанията най-често водят до смяна и на видовия състав на мъховете. Като първи стъпки за опазване на мъховете в България са включването им в Националната система за мониторинг на биоразнообразието и в Закона за биоразнообразието.
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New data on the vascular flora of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
DIMITAR S. DIMITROV
Dimitrov D. 2006. New data on the vascular flora of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria). - In: Beron P. (ed) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) С. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 191-194. Abstract. During an investigation of the vascular flora of the Western Rhodopes in 2004–2005, 9 new deposits of vascular plants for that region were found. The remaining 7 new localities were established through materials collected by N. Vihodcevsky, D. Jordanov, V. Stribrny, St. Georgiev, St. Kozuharov, B. Assyov, and St. Platikanov. These materials are preserved in the herbariums of the St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia (SO) and the Institute of Botany at the Bulgarian Academy of Science (SOM). Key words: vascular flora, Western Rhodopes, Bulgaria
4900.20620. Lophochloa cristata (L.) Hyl. LG-14, SV (N. Vihodcevsky), SO-5779, 5786 On the old road to Assenova Krepost from the Lukovitsa locality, 10.06.1961; Bachkovo Monastery, 11.06.1961. This species has been known so far from the South Black Sea Coast, Struma Valley, Eastern Rhodopes, Thracian Plain, and Tundzha Hilly Region (KOZUHAROV, 1992). 4350.18380. Juncus tenageia L. fil. GM-03, SV (D. Jordanov), SO-11049 Western Rhodopes: in humid herbaceous places above the village of Satovcha, district of Gotse Delchev, 06.08.1940, with seeds. This hygrophyte has been known so far from Northeastern Bulgaria, Rila Mountain, Sredna Gora, and Thracian Plain (ANDREEV, 1992). 5790.23570. Orchys papilionacea L. KG-95, SV (S. Georgiev), SO-14032 The village of Pastusha, district of Perushtitsa: 05.1899. This protected species has been known so far from the Pre-Balkan, West and Central Stara Planina, Sofia Region, and Eastern Rhodopes (ANDREEV, 1992) (PETROVA, 1992) 3600.15560. Gladiolus palustris Gaud. GM-03 SC (DD), SOMIn mesophyte meadows above the village of Satovcha, district of Gotse Delchev, 06.2005. This species has been known so far from the Struma Valley, Slavyanka, Rila, and Western Sredna Gora (PETROVA, 1992).
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0820.03760. Asphodeline taurica (Pall.) Kunth. KG-20 SC (DD), SOM-161792 In calcareous places beneath Durdaga Peak, above the village of Trigrad, district of Devin, 06.2005. This species has been known so far from Znepole, the West Border Mountain, Slavyanka, and Central Rhodopes (Petrova, 1992). 7510.32000. Silene chlorantha (Willd.) Ehrh. KG-15, SV (D. Jordanov), SOM-161138 Above the town of Bratsigovo: St. Peter Monastery, 10.08.1930. This species has been known so far from Vitosha Mountain, West Sredna Gora, and Thracian Plain (Petrova, 1992). 7270.30790. Scleranthus neglectus Rochel ex Baumg. KG-93, SV (B. Assyov), SOM-159649 On the road from Persenk Hut to Persenk Peak, 19.07.1993. This species has been known so far from the West and Central Stara Planina, West Border Mountains, Belassitsa, Vitosha, Rila, and Pirin (Petrova, 1992). 4270.18380. Isatis tinctoria L. KG-95, SV (V. Stribrny), SO-27675 In the outskirts of the village of Ustina, district of Plovdiv, 07.1897, with seeds and fruits. This species has been known so far from Northeastern Bulgaria, the Danube Plain, Struma Valley, and Tundja Hilly Region (Anchev, 1992). 4390.18860. Kernera saxatilis (L.) Reichenb. KG-20, SC (DD), SOM-160305 Trigrad Gorge Protected Area: on vertical calcareous rock by the Osmanov Vir locality, 06.2004. This Alpo-Carpatho-Balkan geoelement has been known so far from North Pirin: on calcareous by and above Banderitsa Hut. In North Pirin it occurs at more than 2000 m a.s.l. in the Djamdjievi Skali locality (Anchev, 1992). In the Western Rhodopes, it occurs at a lower altitude (1200–1300 m a.s.l.) on vertical calcareous rocks in the Trigrad Gorge. It is interesting that it grows in a community along with other rare endemic and relict species, such as Carum graecum, Saxifraga sempervivum, Campanula rotundifolia, Arenaria rhodopaea and Scabiosa rhodopensis. In the north part of its area of occurrence, this species grows on silicate rocks, whereas in the south part it always occurs on limestone. 0390.01920. Alyssum rostratum Steven KG-20, SC (DD), SOM-161976 In calcareous rocky places in the Trigrad Gorge Protected Area, before the Devil’s Throat Cave, 01.07.2005. This species has been known so far from the North Black Sea Coast, Northeastern Bulgaria, Pre-Balkan, and East Stara Planina (Anchev, 1992). 4180.17920. Hypericum hirsutum L. KG-20, SC (DD), SOM-161983 Osmanov Vir locality: on the left bank of the Chairscka River, before it flows into the Trigradska River. This species has been known so far from the South Black Sea Coast, Northeastern Bulgaria, Danube Plain, Pre-Balkan, Stara Planina, Znepole Region, Vitosha, Pirin, Rila, Tundzha Hilly Region, West Sredna Gora, Strandzha (PETROVA, 1992), and Eastern Rhodopes (PETROVA, GERASSIMOVA & VASSILEV, 1998).
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6550.26640. Potentilla patula Waldst. et Kit. KG-04, SV (S. Kozuharov), SO-37630 (sub. Potentilla rubens Zinn.) In dry meadows in the Kolarova Polyana, Beglika, district of Peshtera. This species has been known so far from the Western Stara Planina, Znepole Region, South Struma Valley, Pirin, and Vitosha Mountains (MARKOVA, 1992). 2240.09800.2460. Coronilla emerus L. subsp. emeroides (Boiss. et Sprun.) Hay., SOM-161786 Above the town of Krichim, by the highway, 19.05.2005. This species has been known so far from East Stara Planina, Znepole Region, Belassitsa, Rila, Pirin, Slavyanka, Mesta Valley, Thracian Plain, and the Eastern Rhodopes (KOZUHAROV, 1992). 6460.25890. Polygala carniolica A. Kerner KG-08, SV (S. Platikanov), SOM-159027 In calcareous places by the village of Mugla, district of Smolyan, 07.2003. This Balkan endemic has been known so far from South Pirin, Slavyanka, and Mesta Valley (PETROVA, 1992). 3380.13930. Foeniculum vulgaris Miller KG-85, SC (DD), SOM-161787 Above the town of Krichim, by the highway, 19.05.2005. This species has been known so far from the Black Sea Coast, South Struma Valley, and Thracian Plain (PEEV, 1992). 1680.07950.1760. Centaurea phrygia L. syn. phrygia GM-03, SC (DD), SOM-161988 In humid meadows above the village of Satovcha, some 1000 m a.s.l., 30.06.2005. This species has been known so far from Northeastern Bulgaria, the Pre-Balkan, West and Central Stara Planina, Sofia Region, Vitosha, Rila, Struma Valley, and Central Rhodopes (PEEV, 1992). Another species, which may be included in the flora of the Western Rhodopes, is Dactylorhiza pindica: in humid places above the highway, before the junction for the village of Ossina, district of Dospat, 07.2005. It is close to Orchys elegans and Orchys laxiflora.
References ANCHEV A. 1992. Alyssum L., Isatis L., Kernera L. – In: Kozuharov, S. (ed.) Key to Vascular Plants in Bulgaria. Sofia, Nauka i Izkustvo: 252-256, 271 ANDREEV N. 1992. Juncus L., Orchys L. – In: Kozuharov, S. (ed.) Key to Vascular Plants in Bulgaria. Sofia, Nauka i Izkustvo: 465-468, 545-547 KOZUHAROV S. (ed.) 1992. Coronilla L., Lophochloa Rchb. Key to Vascular Plants in Bulgaria. Sofia, Nauka i Izkustvo: 402-403, 611 MARKOVA M. 1992. Potentilla L. – In: Kozuharov, S. (ed.) Key to Vascular Plants in Bulgaria. Sofia, Nauka i Izkustvo: 686-691 PEEV D. 1992. Foeniculum Mill., Centaurea L. – In: Kozuharov, S. (ed.) Key to Vascular Plants in Bulgaria. Sofia, Nauka i Izkustvo: 124, 170-186
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PETROVA A. 1992. Scleranthus L., Silene L., Hypericum L., Gladiolus L., Asphodeline Rchb., Polygala L. – In: Kozuharov, S. (ed.) Key to Vascular Plants in Bulgaria. Sofia, Nauka i Izkustvo: 314-315, 315-323, 457-461, 463, 507-508, 626-629 PETROVA, A., GERASSIMOVA, I. &VASSILEV, R. 1998. Contribution to the flora of the Eastern Rhodope Mountains, Bulgaria. Historia naturalis bulgarica, 9: 115-127.
Author’s Address Dimitar S. Dimitrov National Museum of Natural History 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
Нови данни за васкуларната флора на Западните Родопи (България) Димитър ДИМИТРОВ (Р е з ю м е) В работата се съобщават данни за нови находища на 16 вида растения от Западните Родопи.
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Beron P. (ed). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Dendrological diversity in the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
ALEXANDER ALEXANDROV, ALEXANDER DELKOV
Alexandrov A., A. Delkov. 2006. Dendrological diversity in the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P. (ed) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 195-203. Abstract. The Western Rhodopes are among the mountains with the richest tree and shrub species diversity. Some of these species are typical for the flora of Central and Northern Europe, and the Western Rhodopes are their southernmost point of distribution, while others are systematically very close to the Mediterranean flora. There are also species, which are endemic for this part of the continent and are sporadically dispersed. Dendrological investigations show that the biggest share belongs to Pinus sylvestris L. – 45.3%, followed by Picea abies (L.) Karst. – 22.5%, Fagus sylvatica L. – 11.2%, Quercus petraea Liebl. – 6.3%, Pinus nigra Arn. – 6.2%, Abies alba Mill. – 2.5%, Quercus frainetto Ten. – 1.7%, Carpinus orientalis Mill. – 1.3%, etc. Key words: the Western Rhodopes, Bulgaria, dendrological diversity, refuge, virgin forests.
Physical and geographical characteristics The Western Rhodopes are situated to the east of the Rila-Pirin mountains group of the Macedonian-Thracian massif. The western boundary runs along the river Mesta, via Avramova Sedlovina saddle and Yadenitsa river valley and the eastern boundary – along Borovitsa and Varbitsa river valleys. To the north the Western Rhodopes border with the Upper Thracian plain and to the south – with Aegean Thrace. The Western Rhodopes occupy a total area of 8732 km2 and represent a system of mountain watersheds and ridges separated by deep valleys. The river Vacha divides the Western Rhodopes into two parts: western part, which is higher and extends over a larger area, and eastern part, which is often assumed to be the Central Rhodopes. The western part is subdivided in several parts: Dabrash, Veliyshki part, Syutka, Videnishka mountain and Batashka mountain with ridges Karkaria and Alabak. The eastern part consists of the following: Chernatitsa with ridges Varhovrah, Srednia, Ravnishta and Byala Cherkva; Perelik with ridges Mursalitsa and Kaynadin; Prespa with ridges Chernovrah, Radyuva planina mountain and Dobrostan, and Ardenski with ridges Zhalti Dyal and Gyumyurdjinski Snezhnik. The complex indentation of the Western Rhodopes predetermines different exposures together with rounded hilltops and lowland fields. The vertical indentation reaches values
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from 500 to 700 m/km2 and the gradients are the highest in the gorges of the rivers Trigradska, Muglenska, Vacha, Chepinska, etc. The gradients in the forests of this mountain are as follows: flat areas (00-40) - 0.6%; sloping (50-100) - 3.3%; inclined (110-200) - 22.5%; steep (210-300) - 48.9% and very steep (above 300) - 24.7%. In terms of exposures, forests on shady exposures predominate – 54,3%, and those on sunny exposures account for 45.7%, the average altitude being about 1170 m. In terms of altitude belts the middle-mountain belt (1001-1600 m a.s.l.) predominates – 60.2%, followed by the low-mountain (601 – 1000 m a.s.l.) – 23.6%, the high-mountain (above 1600 m a.s.l.) – 10.3 %, the hilly (201-600 m a.s.l.) – 5.5 % and the lowland belt (0200 m a.s.l.) - 0.4 % (SHIKOV et al., 1985). The highest peaks in the Western Rhodopes are Golyam Perelik (2191 m), Golyama Syutka (2186 m), Golyam Persenk (2091 m), Batashki Snezhnik (2082 m), Prespa (2000 m), Karkaria (1975 m) and Beslet (1938 m). The geological-and-petrographic structure of the Western Rhodopes is characterized by the participation of granites, sienites, riolites, andesites, karsts and sediment rocks. In climatic terms the Western Rhodopes are situated in the transition climatic zone with well-expressed mountainous tendencies. The mean annual air temperature varies from 50С to 100С, the mean January temperatures are below 0oC and the mean temperatures in July are characterized by well-manifested differences depending on the altitude - from 220С in Peshtera (440 m a.s.l.) to 12.70С at Beglika (1550 m a.s.l.). The annual precipitation rates are generally within the range 600-800 mm and in Perelik and Prespa parts – up to 900 mm with summer-autumn minimums (AugustSeptember) and mainly spring-summer maximums (May-June). There is also a secondary maximum in November-December. In the southern parts, due to the increased Mediterranean influence, the maximum is shifted definitely to the winter months. The river network is well developed; bigger rivers are Mesta, Arda, Vacha, Dospatska, Chepinska, Chepelarska, Muglenska, Trigradska, etc. The most famous karst springs are those in Velingrad, Nastan, Beden, Hubcha and Mugla, which are characterized by even capacity. The average water-bearing capacity of the Western Rhodopes is about 300 mm, varying from 180 mm for the belt of 300 - 600 m a.s.l., 280 mm for the belts of 600 - 1600 m a.s.l. (which form 75 % of the water resources of this area) to 550 mm for the altitudinal belt above 1600 m a.s.l. The maximum values of the runoff have been recorded in April-May and the minimum – in August-September (MANDADZHIEV, 1989, YORDANOVA et al., 2002). The Western Rhodopes have the biggest steady runoff (47%) of the total water runoff of Bulgarian mountains. The runoff rate of the Eastern Rhodopes, for example, is hardly 33% and that of Strandja and Sakar mountains - 35% (YORDANOVA, 2002). The available total annual water resource of the region amounts to almost 2 billion m3, which accounts for 10% of the national total of water resources. Some of the largest dam lakes in the country are situated in Western Rhodopes: Dospat, Batak, Golyam Beglik, Shiroka Polyana, Vacha, Krichim, etc. Soils in the Western Rhodopes are referred to the Mediterranean Soil Region and the Western Rhodopes Mountain Province. The distribution of the different types of soils is as follows: - Distric-Eutric Cambisols occupy more than 60% of the area, mainly in the middle forest vegetation belt. Light Cambisols occur at a lower altitude, above all on sunny exposures
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up to 1700 m. They are characterized by smaller depth and less developed humus horizon, while dark Cambisols prefer more shady exposures up to 1900 m a.s.l., greater depth and better developed humus horizon; - Rendzinas cover 18% of the territory and their distribution is a function of the basic rock – limestone and marbles, regardless of the altitude; - Chromic Cambisols occupy 17% of the total area and occur at an altitude of up to 800 m; - Humiс Cambisols are spread at an altitude above 1800 m and in isolated cases above 1600-1700 m, their total coverage being about 3% of the area; - Umbrosols are observed in the high rounded parts of the mountain and mountain ridges, covering about 2% of the territory. From the Distric-Eutric Cambisols, the subtype Eutric Cambisols, a subtype of Anthropic-Eutric Cambisols, has been formed. They have been formed after cutting or forest fires in the mountain, followed by ploughing for agricultural purposes – cultivation of potatoes, rye, raspberries or for using them as meadows and pastures (NINOV, 2002).
Forest vegetation Geobotanical regioning The division and subdivision of the Western Rhodopes in geobotanical terms is as follows (BONDEV, 2002): 1. European broadleaved forest region 1.1. Illyrian (Balkan) province 1.1.1. Rhodopes district 1.1.1.1. Dabrashki region 1.1.1.2. Batashki region 1.1.1.3. Chernatishki region Broadleaved forests are spread in the lower eastern and northern parts of the Rhodopes, where the stands composition is presented by Quercus petrаea Liebl., Fagus sylvatica L., Carpinus betulus L., Acer pseudoplatanus L., Acer platanoides L., Ostrya carpinifolia Scop. and other deciduous species. Coniferous forests with dominant participation of Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Pinus sylvestris L. are spread in the higher parts of the mountain. There are also some stands or individuals of Pinus nigra Arn., Abies alba Mill., Juniperus communis L., etc. The Rhodopes district is a refuge of 90 Balkan endemics, including 58 Illyrian and 32 Macedonian-Thracian ones. There one can find Astragalus alopecurus, Potentilla fruticosa, Sеcale montanum ssp. rhodopaeum, Arenaria rhodopaea, Tulipa rhodopaea, Lilium rhodopaeum, Rosa bulgarica, Carduus rhodopaeus, Satureja rumelica, Galium rhodopaeum, Verbascum humile ssp. rhodopaeum, Thymus stojanovii. One interesting paleo-endemic species - Haberlea rhodopensis, occurs there, too. (BONDEV, 2002). The Dabrashki region is represented mainly by Pinus sylvestris L. forests and to a lesser extent - by Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Fagus sylvatica L. stands. Some remnants of Pinus nigra Arn. and Quercus petrаea Liebl. forests can also be found, as well as presence of Alnus incana (L.) Moench. and Ostrya carpinifolia Scop.
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The Batak region is characterized by Pinus sylvestris L. and Picea abies (L.) Karst. forests, however in the lower parts on northern exposures there are forests of Fagus sylvatica L., Carpinus betulus L. and Quercus petrаea Liebl. and on the southern exposures – forests of Pinus nigra Arn., Quercus frainetto Ten. and Quercus cerris L. In the Chernatishki region, Picea abies (L.) Karst. plays a dominant role, forming vast massifs, followed by fragmented forests of Pinus sylvestris L. and Fagus sylvatica L. There are also stands with participation of Abies alba Mill., Acer pseudoplatanus L., Acer platanoides L., Acer monspessulanum L., Carpinus betulus L., Ostrya carpinifolia Scop., Fraxinus ornus L., Fraxinus excelsior L. and other species.
Forest vegetation regioning of the Western Rhodopes According to the former Ministry of Forests and Forest Industry (1976, 1983) and ZAHARIEV et al. (1979), the Western Rhodopes are situated in the Thracian forest vegetation region. The Western Rhodopes subregion comprises the following forest vegetation belts and sub-belts: I. Low plain-and-hilly and foot hilly belt of oak forests – from 0 to 700 (600-800) m a.s.l. I.1. Sub-belt of floodplain and riparian forests – from 0 to 700 (600-800) m a.s.l., with mean annual temperature of 9.3 – 12.60 С and precipitation rate of 500-670 mm/year. I.2. Sub-belt of plain and hilly oak forests – from 0 to 500 (400-600) m a.s.l., with mean annual temperature of 10.5-12.60 С and precipitation rate of 500-620 mm/year. I.3. Sub-belt of mixed deciduous forests – from 500 (400-600) to 700 (600-800) m a.s.l., with mean annual temperature of 9.3-10.50 С and precipitation rate of 620-670 mm/year. II.1. Low-mountain sub-belt of Quercus petraea Liebl., Fagus sylvatica L. and Abies alba Mill. forests - from 700 (600-800) to 1200 (1100-1300) m a.s.l., with mean annual temperature of 6.4 - 9.30 С and precipitation rate of 670-800 mm/year. II.2. Middle-mountain sub-belt of Fagus sylvatica L., Abies alba Mill. and Picea abies (L.) Karst. forests - from 1200 (100-1300) to 1700 (1600-1800) m a.s.l. with mean annual temperature of 4.8 – 6.40 С and precipitation rate of 800-950 mm/year. II.3. Mountain forest sub-belt of Picea abies (L.) Karst. forests from 1700 (1600-1800) to 2000 (1900-2100) m a.s.l., with mean annual temperature of 2.4 - 4.80 С and precipitation rate of 950-1100 mm/year. III. High-mountain belt – above 2000 (1900-2100) m.a.s.l. III.1. High-mountain sub-belt of sub-alpine Picea abies (L.) Karst. forests – from 2000 (1900-2100) to 2200 m a.s.l., with mean annual temperature below 2.40 С and precipitation rate above 1100 mm/year.
Dendrological characteristics The Western Rhodopes are among the mountains with the richest tree and shrub species diversity. This is due to the fact that during the glacial periods the mountain has been a refuge, where numerous species have been preserved. Later on the Rhodopes have been a source of migration to the regions with glacial impact.
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The areas from the forest fund covered with forests in the Western Rhodopes are 91.7%, 1.4% are unforested wood-productive areas, 6.3% - non-wood-productive areas and 0.6% - forest pastures. These parameters show very good coverage with forests of the forest fund territory. According to their forestry purposes, forests are subdivided as follows: coniferous – 78.1%; high-stem broadleaved – 8.6%; for reconstruction – 7.8%; coppice for transformation – 0.1%; coppice for conversion – 5.3%; low-stem – 0.1%. Therefore, the character of the forests is determined mainly by coniferous tree species but deciduous species are relatively well represented, including high-stem ones. According to their inclination, forests definitely dominate on steep slopes, which have considerable influence on the water regime and the ecological conditions of the forest tree species. Dendrological investigations show that the biggest share belongs to Pinus sylvestris L. – 45.3%, followed by Picea abies (L.) Karst. – 22.5%, Fagus sylvatica L. – 11.2%, Quercus petraea Liebl. – 6.3%, Pinus nigra Arn. – 6.2%, Abies alba Mill. – 2.5%, Quercus frainetto Ten. – 1.7%, Carpinus orientalis Mill. – 1.3%, etc. The share of other species is under 1% each. This confirms the monotypic character of coniferous forests in the Western Rhodopes, which dominate and are the most typical element of the moesothermic belt of the Rhodopes, putting Fagus sylvatica L. and other deciduous formations in subordinate position (STEFANOV, 1927). The composition of forest tree and shrub species in the Western Rhodopes includes the following species: Indigenous conifers Abies alba Mill. Juniperus communis L. J. excelsa M.B. J. nana Willd. J. oxycedrus L. Picea abies (L.) Karst. Pinus mugo Turra P. nigra Arn. P. peuce Gris. P. sylvestris L. Taxus baccata L. Exotic conifers Cedrus atlantica Manetti Larix decidua Mill. Pinus strobus L. Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco ssp. menziesii Indigenous broadleaves Acer campestre L. A. heldreichii Orch. A. hyrcanum Fisch. et Mey. A. monspessulanum L. A. platanoides L.
A. pseudoplatanus L. A. tataricum L. Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. A. incana (L.) Moench. A. viridis (Chaix) DC Amelanchier vulgaris Moench. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Berberis vulgaris L. Betula pendula Roth. Carpinus betulus L. C. orientalis Mill. Castanea sativa Mill. Cerasus avium (L.) Moench Cornus mas L. C. sanguinea L. Corylus avellana L. C. colurna L. Cotinus coggygria Scop. Cotoneaster tomentosus Lindl. C. vulgaris Lindl. Crataegus oxyacantha L. Euonymus europaeus L. E. latifolius Mill. E. verrucosus Scop. Fagus sylvatica L.
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Fraxinus excelsior L. Fr. ornus L. Fr. oxycarpa Willd. Hedera helix L. Juglans regia L. Ligustrum vulgare L. Ostrya carpinifolia Scop. Paliurus spina-christi Mill. Populus alba L. P. nigra L. P. tremula L. Pyrus communis L. Quercus cerris L. Q. frainetto Ten. Q. petraea Liebl. Q. pubescens Willd. Q. robur L. Rhamnus catharticus L. R. frangula L. R. saxatilis Jacq. Ribes alpinum L. R. grossularia L. R. petraeum Wulf. Rosa sp. Rubus caesius L. R. idaeus L. Ruscus aculeatus L. R. hypoglossum L. Salix alba L.
S. caprea L. S. cinerea L. S. fragilis L. S. purpurea L. S. triandra L. Sambucus nigra L. S. racemosa L. Smilax excelsa L. Sorbus aucuparia L. S. torminalis (L.) Crantz Spiraea oblongifolia Waldst. et Kit. S. ulmifolia Scop. Staphylea pinnata L. Syringa vulgaris L. Tilia cordata Mill. T. platyphyllos Scop. T. tomentosa Moench Ulmus glabra Huds. U. laevis Pall. U. minor Mill. Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Viburnum lantana L. V. opulus L. Exotic broadleaves Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle Quercus rubra L. Q. suber L. Robinia pseudoacacia L.
The dendrological composition of the Western Rhodopes shows a big variety of species. Some of them are typical for the flora of Central and Northern Europe, and the Western Rhodopes are their southernmost point of distribution. Others are systematically very close to the Mediterranean flora. There are also species, which are endemic for this part of the continent and are sporadically dispersed. Most of the introduced species, first of all Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco ssp. menziesii and Robinia pseudoacacia L., are considered already naturalized in Bulgaria and are widely spread in the forestry practice.
Virgin forests in the Western Rhodopes The identification of virgin forests in the Western Rhodopes has been performed using data from satellite images, forest management plans, consultations with foresters from state forest enterprises and game management stations, but mainly from field studies, applying the methodology of ROSNEV et al. (2003). There are 14 reserves in the Western Rhodopes: Amzovo (1968) – 0.3 ha; Beglika (1960) – 1463.1 ha; Dupkata (1961) – 1210.8 ha; Hvoynata (Izgoryaloto Gyume) (1956) – 32 ha; Kazanite (1968) – 161 ha; Kastrakliy (1968) – 124 ha; Konski Dol (1962) – 32.0
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ha; Kupena (1961) – 1761.1 ha; Mantaritsa (1968) – 1069.2 ha; Momchilovski Dol (1968) – 31.3 ha; Soskovcheto (1968) – 177.5 ha; Starata Gora (Shabanitsa) (1956) - 22.6 ha; Tamnata Gora (1962) – 30.2 ha; Chervenata Stena (1962) – 3029 ha. Besides, there are several protected areas, partially including virgin forests: Arap Chal (declared 1981) – 220.8 ha; Aoluka – Vasil Petleshkov (1969) – 131.3 ha; Batashki Snezhnik (1972) – 1063 ha; Kemera (1975) – 102.5 ha; Kleptuza (1966) – 344 ha; Martsiganitsa (1980) – 27.5 ha; Rogachitsa (1981) – 129.6 ha; Rozhen (1979) – 108.5 ha; Trigradsko Zhdrelo (1963) – 269.6 ha; Srednite Livadi (1972) – 70.4 ha; Chairite (1973) – 301.4 ha; Tamra (1973) – 629.2 ha and Padala (1979) – 33.6 ha (PAVLOVA, BEZLOVA, 2003). The main types of forests in the Western Rhodopes are as follows (PENEV et al., 1969): - fresh Pinus sp.- Fagus sylvatica L. forest; - fresh to dry pine forest with Vaccinium myrtillus; - pine forest on dry rendzines; - stony pine forest; - fresh Pinus sp.- Picea abies (L.) Karst. forest with mixtoherbosum; - fresh Abies alba Mill.– Picea abies (L.) Karst. – Pinus sp. forest; - Picea abies (L.) Karst. forest with green mosses and Vaccinium myrtillus; - valley Picea abies (L.) Karst. - Abies alba Mill. forest; - Picea abies (L.) Karst. forest with Oxalis acetosella; - Picea abies (L.) Karst. - Abies alba Mill.- Pinus sp. forest with Luzula; - high-mountain Picea abies (L.) Karst. forest with Vaccinium myrtillus and Luzula; - sub-alpine Picea abies (L.) Karst. forest; - Picea abies (L.) Karst. - Abies alba Mill. – Fagus sylvatica L. forest with Vaccinium myrtillus; - wet Abies alba Mill.- Fagus sylvatica L.- Picea abies (L.) Karst. forest; - valley Abies alba Mill. forest with fern species; - Pinus nigra Arn. - Picea abies (L.) Karst. forest with Abies alba Mill.; - fresh Pinus nigra Arn.-Picea abies (L.) Karst. forest; - Pinus nigra Arn. forest on dry rendzines; - Pinus nigra Arn. forest on rocky places; - fresh Picea abies (L.) Karst. forest with Carpinus betulus L.; - Fagus sylvatica L.+ Quercus petraea Libl. + Carpinus betulus L. forest with Luzula; - Fagus sylvatica L. forest with Galium odoratum; - Fagus sylvatica L. forest with Luzula; - Fagus sylvatica L. forest with mixtoherbosum; - fresh Fagus sylvatica L. forest with fescue species. The total area of virgin forests in the Western Rhodopes is 8613.6 ha or 0.99% of the mountain area, 1.52 % of its forest stock and 1.71 % of the forest-covered area of the mountain. These data show that the anthropogenic activity in the Rhodopes has been quite high in the past as a consequence of primitive stock-breeding and agriculture practices, connected with forest fires, extensive cutting and overgrazing, followed by afforestations. This has brought about the present situation with almost 1/3 of artificial forests. Virgin forests exist mainly in the coniferous forest massifs, which area in the Western Rhodopes is about 70% of the total mountain area. They are composed mainly of Pinus sylvestris L., Picea abies (L.) Karst., Pinus nigra Arn., Abies alba Mill., and among the indigenous broadleaved species Fagus sylvatica L. ranks the first. Virgin forests have been preserved
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mainly in reserves, closed basins, protected areas and water supply zones. The road network in the Western Rhodopes is better developed as compared to that in Rila mountain and the Balkan Range and for that reason closed basins account for only about 0.37% of the forest fund. Virgin forests have a fragmentary character in the Western Rhodopes and this circumstance demands more efforts for conservation of the available niches on the hardly accessible mountain tops, gorges, ravines and very steep slopes. The general assessment of the status of virgin forests in the Western Rhodopes is unsatisfactory compared to that in Pirin and Rila mountains and the Balkan Range. The programme for economic exploitation of closed basins poses a serious threat in terms of liquidation of any remnants of virgin forests. Closed basins in this mountain cover about 2100 ha, which is 24.3 % of the virgin forests area in the Western Rhodopes. Another threat for the virgin forests is the opportunity of economic use of such forests situated around reserves. Therefore, for the purposes of preventing any possible intervention in virgin forests around the reserves, they should be incorporated in the so-called buffer zones.
References BONDEV I. 2002. Geobotanical regioning. – In: Geography of Bulgaria, ed. “ForKom”, Sofia, 344-345. (In Bulgarian). MANDADZHIEV D. 1989. Water resources of mountains in Bulgaria. Annual runoff. – In: Natural and economic potential of mountains in Bulgaria, vol. 1, ed. BAN, Sofia, 191-204. (In Bulgarian). MINISTRY OF FORESTS AND FOREST INDUSTRY. 1976. Instruction for determination and mapping of forest sites types (biotopes) and determination of the future composition of dendrocoenoses. Sofia, 198. (In Bulgarian). MINISTRY OF FORESTS AND FOREST INDUSTRY. 1983. Classification scheme of site types in Bulgaria. Agrolesproject, Sofia, 1-91 (In Bulgarian). NINOV N. 2002. Soils. – In: Geography of Bulgaria, ed. “ForKom”, Sofia, 277-316 (In Bulgarian). PAVLOVA E., BEZLOVA D. 2003. Protected natural territories. Ed. LTU, Sofia, 1-207 (In Bulgarian). PENEV N., MARINOV M., GARELKOV D., NAUMOV Z. 1969. Types of forests in Bulgaria. Sofia, 1-345 (In Bulgarian). ROSNEV B., RAEV I., ALEXANDROV A., POPOV G. 2003. Inventory and strategy for sustainable management and protection of virgin forests in Bulgaria. Instruction, ed. “IG-BAN”, Sofia, 3-40 (In Bulgarian). SHIKOV K., VASILEV Z., TABAKOV D. 1985. Western Rhodopes. – In: Mountain forest ecosystems, ed. “Zemizdat”, Sofia, 102-126 (In Bulgarian). STEFANOV B. 1927. Origin and development of vegetation types in the Rhodopes. Ed. “Darzhavno knigoizdatelstvo”, Sofia (In Bulgarian). YORDANOVA M. 2002. River waters. Supply of water runoff. – In: Geography of Bulgaria, ed. “ForKom”, Sofia, 192-195 (In Bulgarian). YORDANOVA M., VASILEV S., DRENOVSKI I. 2002. Characteristics of physical-and-geographical areas. – In: Geography of Bulgaria, ed. “ForKom”, Sofia, 391-410 (In Bulgarian). ZAHARIEV B., DONOV V., PETRUNOV K., MASAROV S. 1979. Forest vegetation regioning of Bulgaria. Ed. “Zemizdat”, Sofia, 5-199 (In Bulgarian).
Authors’ addresses: Prof. Alexander Alexandrov Dr. Alexander Delkov Forest Research Institute 132, St. Kliment Ohridski Blvd. 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria e-mail:
[email protected]
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Дендрологично разнообразие в Западните Родопи Александър АЛЕКСАНДРОВ, Александър ДЕЛКОВ (Р е з ю м е) Западните Родопи са едни от най-богатите на дървесни и храстови видове планини поради обстоятелството, че по време на заледяванията са представлявали рефугиум, в който са се съхранили много голям брой видове. Впоследствие Родопите са източник на миграция към районите, засегнати от глациално въздействие. Покритата с гори площ от горския фонд на Западните Родопи е 91.7%, 1.4% е незалесена дървесинопроизводствена площ, 6.3% - недървесинопроизводствена площ и 0.6% - горски пасища. Тези показатели означават много добро облесяване на територията на горския фонд. По стопанско предназначение горите се подразделят на: иглолистни – 78.1%, високостъблени широколистни – 8.6%, за реконструкция – 7.8%, издънкови за прерастване – 0.1%, издънкови за превръщане – 5.3% и нискостъблени – 0.1%. Следователно, обликът на горите се определя главно от иглолистните дървесни видове, но широколистните видове са относително добре представени. По наклон горите показват съвсем определено доминиране на стръмните терени, а те оказват съществено влияние на водния режим и екологичните условия на горскодървесните видове. Дендрологичните изследвания показват, че най-голямо участие има Pinus sylvestris L. – 45.3%, следван от Picea abies (L.) Karst. – 22.5%, Fagus sylvatica L. – 11.2%, Quercus petraea Liebl. – 6.3%, Pinus nigra Arn. – 6.2%, Abies alba Mill. – 2.5%, Quercus frainetto Ten. – 1.7%, Carpinus orientalis Mill. – 1.3% и други, чието покритие по видове е под 1%. Някои от видовете са типични за дендрофлората на Централна и Северна Европа и Западните Родопи са най-южната точка от ареала им, други систематично са много близки до средиземноморската флора, а трети са ендемити.
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Beron P. (ed). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Diversity and biotopic distribution of the Rhizopods (Rhizopoda: Lobosia and Filosia) from the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
VASSIL GOLEMANSKY, MILCHO TODOROV, BLAGOVEST TEMELKOV
Golemansky V., M. Todorov, B. Temelkov. 2006. Diversity and biotopic distribution of the Rhizopods (Rhizopoda: Lobosia and Filosia) from the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria). - In: Beron P. (ed.) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 205-220. Abstract. This paper summarizes all the data available until now on the rhizopodic fauna of the Western Rhodopes. New data on the occurrence and distribution of 112 testate amoebae (67 known and 45 new for the studied region) are recorded for the first time. Thus, a total of 197 species and varieties belonging to 44 genera of naked and testate amoebae were recorded in 31 localities from different habitats of the Western Rhodopes. The results of the study show that the genera Difflugia (41 species), Centropyxis (22), Nebela (18), Euglypha (17) and Arcella (13) predominate in the studied habitats. The most frequently occurring testaceans in all studied habitats and localities are: Trinema lineare (70.9% occurrence), Euglypha rotunda (61.3%), E. laevis (58.1%), Centropyxis aculeata (48.4%), Trinema enchelys (45.2%) and Cyphoderia ampulla (41.9%). Concerning the distribution of the testate amoebae in different habitats it was established that the Natural Lakes, as well as the Peat-bogs and swamps have the greatest diversity (113 species of 34 genera and 96 species of 32 genera, respectively). The comparison among the rhizopodic fauna of the studied region and those of the other mountains in Bulgaria shows that the species diversity of the rhizopods in the Western Rhodopes is the greatest. Key words: Rhizopoda, Amoebida, testate amoebae, diversity, distribution, ecology, Rhodopes, Bulgaria.
Introduction PATEFF (1924) reported the first data on the rhizopodic fauna of the Rhodopes. He gave information on 3 species of naked amoebae from the Batak Swamp (Batak Dam at present) and 43 species of testate amoebae from various biotopes and localities in the Rhodopes - mosses, bogs and swamps from Batak and Chernatitsa Mountains (Peshtera, Boykovo, Skobelevo), the regions of Velingrad (Chaira and Kamenitsa), Yundola etc. Four years later PATEFF (1928) supplemented the list of the freshwater rhizopods of Bulgaria with another 9 testate amoebae, one of which (Nebela bipes) was found in the Rhodopes. In two publications GOLEMANSKY (1967, 1968) published more detailed information about the diversity, the biotopic distribution and the ecology of the rhizopods
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of the Western Rhodopes. GOLEMANSKY (1967) established 83 species and varieties rhizopods in the epiphytic, hygrophilic and hydrophilic mosses in the regions of Velingrad, Pamporovo, Beglika, Batak Dam and Vassil Kolarov Dam. Sixteen of them were new to the Bulgarian fauna. It was established that only 1 species of Amoeba and 19 species of testate amoebae inhabit the epiphytic mosses. A considerably richer rhizopodic complex (2 naked amoebae and 63 testate amoebae) was established in the hygrophylic and hydrophilic mosses of the same localities. The investigation of the rhizopodic fauna of the Smolyan Lakes also showed the presence of various rhizopodic fauna (GOLEMANSKY, 1968). About one hundred naked and testate amoebae were found in the studied system of the Smolyan Lakes. Twenty of them were new to the Bulgarian fauna. In two Smolyan Lakes (Blatisto and Lagot Lakes) there are floating sphagnum islands and littoral peat-bogs, the rhizopodic fauna of which was very rich and specific. Both lakes are situated at altitudes between 1300 and 1600 m. A typical testate association of Flavum-type was established, which is characteristic for the mountain peat-bogs in Central Europe (“Hochmoore” according to HARNISCH, 1927 and GROSPIETSCH, 1953, 1958). Some new water, moss and soil samples have been collected from different habitats in the Rhodopes during the last 5 years. As a result of their study many new and unknown rhizopods have been found. Some new localities and data about the biotopic distribution and ecological preferences of a big part of the so far known freshwater rhizopods were established also. The aim of the proposed article is to summarize the information on the rhizopodic fauna of the Western Rhodopes, published by different authors till now, and to supplement it with our new data about its diversity, distribution and ecology.
Materials, habitats and localities The samples examined by the above cited authors and by us have been collected from 5 main habitats in the Rhodopes: I – Natural Lakes; II – Peat-bogs and swamps; III – Artificial reservoirs; IV – Soil mosses and V – Epiphytic mosses. The studied localities of these habitats and their detailed characteristics are given below. I. Natural Lakes 1. Smolyan Lakes - Lake Matno Ezero (1600 m): littoral zone – washed immerse and submerge water plants (Potamogeton natans L., Carex rostrata Stokes, Alopecurus aequalis Sobol.), stones, as well as benthic samples at a depth of 0.6 m; (29.06.1967). 2. Smolyan Lakes - Lake Blatistoto Ezero (1500 m): littoral zone – washed immerse and submerge water plants (Potamogeton natans L., Carex rostrata Stokes, Juncus sp., Ranunculus sp., Cyperus sp.) and wet mosses (mainly Sphagnum sp.) from the floating moss island in the central zone of the lake, as well as benthic samples at a depth of 0.8 m; (24.06.1965, 29.06.1967). 3. Smolyan Lakes - Lake Bistroto Ezero (1500 m): littoral zone – washed immerse and submerge water plants (Alopercurus aequalis Sobol., Potamogeton natans L.) and benthic samples at a depth of 0.6-0.7 m; (29.06.1967).
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4. Smolyan Lakes - Lake Lagot (1450 m): littoral zone – washed immerse and submerge water plants (Persicaria amphibia L., Potamogeton natans L., Carex sp.) and wet mosses (Sphagnum sp.) from the floating moss island in the central zone of the lake; (28.06.1967). II. Peat-bogs and swamps 5. Smolyan Lakes - First swamped terrace (1400 m): washed water plants (Equisetum palustre L., Menyanthes trifoliata L., Juncus sp.) and wet mosses; (28.06.1967). 6. Smolyan Lakes - Ezerov Gyol (1300 m): washed water plants (Typha latifolia L. and Menyanthes trifoliata L.); (29.06.1967). 7. Peat-bogs and swamps near Sveti Konstantin (close to Peshtera); (1924). 8. Peat-bogs and swamps near Skobelevo Village; (1924). 9. Peat-bogs and swamps from Yundola; (1924). 10. Peat-bogs and swamps near Boykovo Village; (1924). 11. Peat-bogs and swamps from Chaira (close to Velingrad); (1924). 12. Peat-bogs and swamps from Chatama (near to Beglika Dam); (1924). 13. Peat-bogs and swamps near Shiroka Polyana Dam; (03.08.2005). 14. Peat-bogs and swamps near Dospat Dam; (14.05.2005). III. Artificial Reservoirs (Dams) 15. Batak Dam: littoral zone - benthic samples at a depth of 0.5-10.0 m; (14.04.2005). 16. Beglika Dam: littoral zone – washed water plants and benthic samples at a depth of 0.5-10.0 m; (14.05.2005, 03.08.2005). 17. Dospat Dam: littoral zone - benthic samples at a depth of 1.5 m; (14.05.2005). 18. Toshkov Chark Dam: littoral zone - benthic samples at a depth of 1.5-2.5 m; (14.05.2005). 19. Shiroka Polyana Dam: littoral zone – washed water plants; (03.08.2005). IV. Soil mosses 20. Velingrad (Summit Ostrets): hygrophylic soil mosses (Mnium undulatum Hedw., Dicranium scoparium Hedw., Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw., Funaria hygrometrica Hedw.); (15.06.1965). 21. Yundola: hygrophylic (Polytrichum junipericum Hedw.) and hydrophilic (Calliergonella sp.) soil mosses; (16.06.1965). 22. Beglika Dam: hygrophylic (Polytrichum junipericum Hedw.) and hydrophilic (Climacium dendroides (Hedw.) Veb & Mohr., Calliergonella cuspidata (Hedw.) Loeske, Campilium stellatum (Hedw.) Lang. & C.J., Drepanocladus uncinatus (Hedw.) Varnst, etc.) soil mosses; (18.06.1965). 23. Tsigov Chark Dam: hydrophilic soil mosses (Aulacomnium palustre Schwaegr.); (17.06.1965). 24. Batak Dam: hydrophilic soil mosses (Climacium dendroides (Hedw.) Veb. & Mohr.); (17.06.1965). 25. Toshkov Chark Dam: hydrophilic soil mosses (Marchantia polymorpha L.); (17.06.1965). 26. Vasil Kolarov Dam: hydrophilic soil mosses (Calliergonella cuspidata (Hedw.) Loeske, Drepanocladus uncinatus (Hedw.) Varnst.); (19.06.1965).
208
V. GOLEMANSKY, M. TODOROV, B. TEMELKOV
27. Devin: hydrophilic soil mosses (Cratoneurum commutatum (Hedw.) Roth.); (22.06.1965). 28. Asenovgrad: hygrophylic soil mosses (Polytrichum junipericum Hedw.); (25.06.1992). V. Epiphytic mosses 29. Velingrad (Summit Ostrets): epiphytic mosses on the Quercus sp. (Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw., Homalothecium philippeanus (Spruce) Br. eur., Frullania dilatata (L.) Dum. Orthotrichum sp.); (15.05.1965). 30. Yundola: epiphytic mosses on the Picea excelsa Link. (Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw.) and on the Fagus sylvatica L. (Rudula complanata (L.) Dum., Frullania dilatata (L.) Dum., Orthotrichum sp.); (15.05.1965). 31. Narechenski Bani: epiphytic mosses on the Juglans regia L. (Leucodon sciuroires (Hedw.) Br. eur.); (15.05.1965).
Results and Discussion The rhizopodic fauna of the Western Rhodopes is comparatively rich and varied. A total of 197 species and varieties belonging to 44 genera of naked and testate amoebae have been found till now. Most of them (152) had been known for this region from previous studies (PATEFF, 1924, 1928; GOLEMANSKY, 1967, 1968). New data on the occurrence and distribution of 112 testate amoebae (67 known and 45 new for the studied region) are reported for the first time in this study. The list of all taxa and their biotopic distribution in the studied habitats and localities are presented in Table 1. The testacean taxocenoses in the studied habitats are mainly composed of aquatic or sphagnophilous species with cosmopolitan distribution (Figs 1-27). The genera Difflugia (41 species), Centropyxis (22), Nebela (18), Euglypha (17) and Arcella (13) predominate in the studied habitats. However some differences in the presence of these dominants in the studied habitats are registered. For example, in the Natural Lakes these dominant genera were represented by almost the same number of species – Nebela (11), Difflugia (10), Euglypha (10), Arcella (9) and Centropyxis (9). Moreover, about 50% (14) of the remaining 29 genera established there, were represented by one species only. In the Peat-bogs and swamps, as well as in the Artificial reservoirs, there is a trend of increasing predominance of the genera Difflugia (23 and 30 species, respectively) and Centropyxis (14 and 12 species, respectively). The other three genera (Nebela, Euglypha and Arcella) are subdominants in these habitats. The rhizopodic fauna of the Soil mosses is characterized by the predominance of the species of genera Centropyxis (14) and Euglypha (12), and by the increasing presence of the genus Plagiopyxis (6), instead of the species of the genera Difflugia (5) and Arcella (0). In the Epiphytic mosses about 40% of all observed species are of two genera only – Euglypha (6) and Centropyxis (4). Eight of the remaining 11 genera, found in this habitat, were represented by one species only. Concerning the distribution of the testate amoebae in different habitats some differences were found. The greatest diversity was established in the Natural Lakes and in the Peat-bogs and swamps (113 species of 34 genera and 96 species of 32 genera, respectively). A lower
Arcella arenaria Greeff, 1866 A. catinus Penard, 1890 A. dentata Ehrenberg, 1838 A. discoides Ehrenberg, 1843 A. discoides var. scutelliformis Playfair, 1918 A. gibbosa Penard, 1890 A. hemisphaerica Perty, 1852 A. hemisphaerica f. undulata Deflandre, 1928 A. megastoma Penard, 1890 A. rotundata Playfair, 1918 A. rotundata f. undulata Deflandre, 1928 A. vulgaris Ehrenberg, 1832 A. vulgaris var. Penardi Deflandre, 1928
Testacealobosia
Amoeba guttula Dujardin, 1841 A. lanceolata Pateff, 1924 A. laureata Penard, 1902 A. proteus (Pallas, 1766) Leidy, 1878 A. radiosa Dujardin, 1841 A. spumosa Gruber, 1885 A. striata Penard, 1890 A. verrucosa Ehrenberg, 1838 A. (Mayorella) vespertilio Penard, 1902 Dactilospherium vitraeum Hertwig & Lesser, 1874 Naegleria bistadialis (Puschkarew, 1913)
Amoebida***
1
Taxa
2 4 1,2,3 1,2 2 2 1 2,3 1,2 -
3 2 2 -
2
(Localities: 1-4)
Natural Lakes
13 13 8,10 6,8 13 5,13 10,13 -
11 11 -
3
(Localities: 5-14)
15 16,17 15,16 15,19 15 15,16 15
15 15 15 -
4
(Localities: 15-19)
Peat Bogs and Artificial Swamps Reservoirs (Dams)
Soil mosses
Epiphytic mosses
20,22,26 22 23,24 22,24 -
23,24,27 24 24 24 25
5
29,30,31 -
29 -
6
3 9 9 9 9 3, 9 9 3 3, 4 3, 4 3
7
E A, P, M A, P, M A, P A, M A A, P A, P A A, P A, P A, P A, P
M, S P P A, M A A, M A M, S A, M A, M M, S
8
Author (s)* Ecological** preference
3, 4, Present study 3, 4, Present study 3, 9 4, 9, Present study 3, 4 4 Present study 4 4 Present study 4, Present study 4, 9, Present study Present study
(Localities: 20-28) (Localities: 29-31)
H a b i t a t s
T a b l e 1. List of the rhizopods and their biotopic distribution in the Western Rhodopes.
Rhizopods 209
8 5,6,10,13 6 5 13,14 13 8,9 5,13 13 5,13 13 14 13 13 12,13 13 13 13 6,8,9,10,13
1,2,3,4 2 1,2,3 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 4 1,3,4 2 1,2,4
Awerintzewia cyclostoma (Penard, 1902) (Syn. Heleopera cyclostoma Penard, 1902) Bullinularia indica (Penard, 1907) Deflandre, 1953 Centropyxis aculeata (Ehrenberg, 1838) Stein, 1857 C. aculeata var. grandis Deflandre, 1929 C. aculeata var. oblonga Deflandre, 1929 C. aerophila Deflandre, 1929 C. cassis (Wallich, 1864) Deflandre, 1929 C. constricta (Ehrenberg, 1838) Penard, 1902 (Syn. Difflugia constricta Ehrenberg, 1838) C. deflandriana Bonnet, 1959 C. discoides (Penard, 1890) Deflandre, 1929 C. ecornis (Ehrenberg, 1841) Leidy, 1879 C. elongata (Penard, 1890) Thomas, 1959 C. gauthieri Thomas, 1959 C. gibba Deflandre, 1929 C. laevigata Penard, 1890 C. marsupiformis (Wallich, 1864) Deflandre, 1929 C. marsupiformis var. obesa Deflandre, 1929 C. minuta Deflandre, 1929 C. orbicularis Deflandre, 1929 C. plagiostoma Bonnet & Thomas, 1955 C. platystoma (Penard, 1890) Deflandre, 1929 C. sylvatica (Deflandre, 1929) Bonnet & Thomas, 1955 C. sylvatica var. minor Bonnet & Thomas, 1955 C. vandeli Bonnet, 1958 Cochliopodium bilimbosum Auerbach, 1856 C. echinatum Korotneeff, 1879 Cochliopodium sp. Cryptodifflugia compressa Penard, 1902 Cucurbitella mespiliformis Penard, 1902 Cyclopyxis eurystoma Deflandre, 1929 C. eurystoma var. parvula Bonnet & Thomas, 1960 C. kahli Deflandre, 1929 Difflugia acuminata Ehrenberg, 1838
3
2
1
15 15,16,19 16 15 15 16 15 15,16,17 15,16
15,16 15,16 15 15
-
4
22 21 28 20,21,22,25 22 20,21,28 28 28 20,21,22,23,27 20,21,22 20,21,22,23,28 -
28
28 20,21,22,26,27 25,26 20,21,22,25,27,28 20,21,22,24,25,26 21,23
-
5
30 29,30,31 -
29 29,31 30
-
6
Present study 4, Present study 3, 4, Present study 3, 4, Present study Present study Present study 4 Present study Present study 3, Present study 3 Present study 4, Present study 3, Present study Present study Present study Present study 4 4 4 4 3, 4, Present study 3 3, 4, Present study 4, 9, Present study
Present study 3,4,9, Present study 4 3, 4 3, 4, Present study 3, 4, Present study 3, 4, 9
9
7
M, S A, P A, P, M A, P, M M, S A A, M A A E M, S P, M, S A, P E M, S M, S P, M A, P A A, P A, P E M, P, S E A, P
M A, P, M A, P, M A, P, M E E A, P, M
P, M
8
210 V. GOLEMANSKY, M. TODOROV, B. TEMELKOV
D. D. D.
D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D.
D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D.
1
ampullula Playfair, 1918 avellana Penard, 1890 1 bicruris Gauthier-Lievre & Thomas, 1958 bidens Penard, 1902 brevicola Cash, 1909 bryophila (Penard, 1902) Jung, 1942 capreolata Penard, 1902 corona Wallich, 1864 curvicaulis Penard, 1899 (Syn. D. acuminata var. curvata Cash, 1909) distenda Ogden, 1983 elegans Penard, 1890 1,2,3,4 gassowskii Ogden, 1983 glans Penard, 1902 globularis (Wallich, 1864) Leidy, 1877 2 globulosa Dujardin, 1837 2 gramen Penard, 1902 labiosa Wailes, 1919 lacustris (Penard, 1890) Ogden, 1983 lanceolata Penard, 1890 1,2,3,4 limnetica (Levander, 1900) Penard, 1902 linearis (Penard, 1890) Gauthier-Lievre & Thomas, 1958 lithophila (Penard, 1902) Gauthier-Lievre & Thomas, 1958 lobostoma Leidy, 1879 1,2,3,4 lucida Penard, 1902 manicata Penard, 1902 microclaviformis (Kourov, 1925) Ogden, 1983 molesta Penard, 1902 nodosa (Leidy, 1879) Ogden & Zivkovic, 1983 oblonga Ehrenberg, 1831 (Syn. Difflugia pyriformis Perty, 1849) 1,2,4 parva (Thomas, 1954) Ogden, 1983 2,4 (Syn. D. oblonga var. parva Thomas, 1954) penardi Hopkinson, 1909 2 petricola Cash, 1909 pristis Penard, 1902 -
2 15,16,17 15 15 16 15,16 15 15,16 15 15 15,18 16 16 15,16 15,16 16 16,18 16 15,16 15 15 15,16 15 16,17,18
5,6,9,13 13 13 6 11 5 6 13 13 11 6,7,8,9,10,11,13 5 13 6,13
4
13 13 -
3
21,22 -
22 20,22,23,27 22,23
-
5
-
29 -
-
6
study study study study study study
study
3, 4 Present study 4, Present study
Present study 4, 9, Present study Present study Present study 4 4 Present study Present study Present study 4, Present study 9 3 4 4, Present study 3, Present study Present study Present study 9 Present study 4, 9, Present study 3, 4
Present 4 Present Present Present Present Present Present 9
7
A, P A, P A, P
A, P A, P A, P A A, P A, P A A A A A A, M A A, P A, M, S A, P A A, P A A, P A, M
A A A A A, P A, P, M A A A
8
Rhizopods 211
13 5,6 10 13 13 13 13 8,9,10 13 6,13 13 5,6,8,13 6,13 5,10,13 5,6,13 8,9,10 5,6,12,13 11 8 8,9,10 13 5,10,13 5,8,10,13 9,10,13 10,13,14
2 2,4 4 2 2,4 2 1,3,4, 4 4 1,3,4 1,2,4 1,2,3,4 2 2,4 2,4 2 2,4 2
D. pulex Penard, 1902 D. rubescens Penard, 1891 D. schurmanni Oye, 1932 D. urceolata Carter, 1864 D. ventricosa Deflandre, 1926 D. venusta (Penard, 1902) Ogden, 1983 D. viscidula Penard, 1902 Difflugiella oviformis (Penard, 1890) Bonnet & Thomas, 1955 D. oviformis var. fusca Penard, 1890 Heleopera petricola Leidy, 1879 H. rosea Penard, 1890 H. sphagni Leidy, 1879 H. sylvatica Penard, 1890 Hyalosphenia papilio Leidy, 1875 H. cuneata Stein, 1857 Lagenodifflugia bryophila (Penard, 1902) Ogden, 1987 (Syn. Pontigulasia bryophila Penard, 1902) L. vas (Leidy, 1874) Ogden, 1987 (Syn. Pontigulasia spectabilis Penard, 1902) Lesquereusia epistomium Penard, 1902 L. gibbosa Thomas & Gauthier-Lievre, 1859 L. modesta Rhumbler, 1896 L. spiralis (Ehrenberg, 1848) Butschli, 1890 Microchlamys patella (Claparède & Lachmann, 1859) Cockerell, 1911 Microcorycia flava (Greeff, 1866) Penard, 1902 (Syn. Corycia flava Greeff, 1866) Nebela americana Taranek, 1882 N. bipes (Carter, 1870) Murray N. bohemica Taranek, 1882 N. collaris (Ehrenberg, 1848) Leidy, 1879 N. dentistoma Penard, 1890 (Syn. Nebela crenulata Penard, 1893) N. flabellulum Leidy, 1874 N. galeata Penard, 1890 N. lageniformis Penard, 1890
3
2
1
15 15
15 15 15
15 15,16 15 16,17,19 -
-
15,16 16 15 16 16 15 16 15 15
4
21,22,27
26 22,26,27 21,22,23,26,27
24 24 22
-
24 23,24,27 21,22 22 26 21,22,23,24,26,27
5
-
-
31
-
31 -
6
4 4, 9, Present study 3,4,9, Present study
9 10 3, 4, Present study 3,4,9, Present study 3,4,9, Present study
4, 9, Present study 4 3, 4, Present study 3, 4, 9 4, Present study 3, 9
4, Present study
Present study 3, 4 Present study 9, Present study Present study Present study Present study Present study 4, Present study 3, 9 3, 4, Present study 4 3, 4, Present study 3, 4, Present study 9 3,4,9, Present study
7
A, P A, P A, P, M
A, P A, P A, P, M E E
A, P A, P A, P A, P, M E P, M
A, P
A, P A, P, M A A, P A, P A, P A, P A, P, M P, M, S P, M A, P, M A, P P, M, S A, P A A, P, M
8
212 V. GOLEMANSKY, M. TODOROV, B. TEMELKOV
2
N. longicollis Penard, 1890 2 N. minor Penard, 1902 N. parvula Cash, 1908 2 N. penardiana Deflandre, 1936 4 N. speciosa Deflandre, 1936 N. tincta (Leidy, 1879) Awerintzew, 1906 2,4 N. tubulata Brown, 1911 N. vitraea Penard, 1899 N. vitraea var. minor Wailes, 1912 N. wailesi Deflandre, 1936 2 Netzelia oviformis (Cash & Hopkinson, 1909) Ogden, 1979 3 (Syn. Difflugia oviformis Cash, 1909) N. tuberculata (Wallich, 1864) Ogden, 1980 2,3,4 (Syn. Difflugia tuberculata (Wallich, 1864) Archer, 1867) Paraquadrula irregularis (Archer, 1877) Parmulina cyathus Penard, 1902 Phryganella acropodia (Hertwig & Lesser, 1874) Hopkinson, 1909 P. hemisphaerica Penard, 1890 2,4 P. nidulus Penard, 1901 P. paradoxa Penard, 1902 2 Plagiopyxis callida Penard, 1910 P. callida var. grandis Thomas, 1958 P. declivis Thomas, 1955 3 P. labiata Penard, 1910 P. minuta Bonnet, 1959 P. penardi Bonnet & Thomas, 1955 Pontigulasia elisa (Penard, 1893) (Syn. Pontigulasia incisa Rhumbler, 1896) Pontigulasia rhumbleri Hopkinson, 1919 (Syn. Pontigulasia compressa Rhumbler, 1896) Pyxidicula patens (Claparede & Lachmann, 1858) 2 Quadrulella symmetrica (Wallich, 1864) Schulze, 1863 1,2 Q. symmetrica var. irregularis Wailes & Penard, 1911 2 Q. symmetrica var. longicolis Taranek, 1881 2 Wailesella eboracensis (Wailes & Penard, 1911) -
1
15,16,17 16,17 15 15,17 15 15,16 15,16 -
6,12,13 13 13 8,10 12,13,14 10,13 10,13,14 13 13
-
4
13 5,13 13 13 13 -
3
21 21,22,24,26,27 26 -
-
27 21 20 22 21 28 20 25 28 -
-
21,22 21,22,23 22 22 22 24
5
-
-
29 30 31 30 29,30,31 -
-
-
6
4 3,4,9, Present study 3, 4 3, 4, Present study Present study
9, Present study
3 3 3, Present study 3, 4, Present study 9 3, 4 3 3 4, Present study 3 3 Present study 9
4, 9, Present study
4 Present study 3, 4 3, 4, Present study 3, Present study 4 Present study 3, Present study 3 4 3, 4
7
A, P A, P A, P A, P P
A
M M P, M, S A, P, M P, M A, P, M M, S M, S M, S M, S M, S A, P A, P
A, P
A, P P, M A, P, M A, P, M P, M A, P, M P P, M P, M A, M, S A, P, M
8
Rhizopods 213
Amphitrema flavum (Archer, 1877) Assulina muscorum Greeff, 1888 A. seminulum (Ehrenberg, 1848) Leidy, 1879 Campascus minutus Penard, 1899 Clypeolina marginata Penard, 1902 Corythion dubium Taranek, 1881 C. dubium var. aerophila Decloître, 1950 Cyphoderia ampulla (Ehrenberg, 1840) Leidy, 1879 (Syn. Cyphoderia margaritacea Ehrenberg, 1840) Euglypha acanthophora (Ehrenberg, 1841) Perty, 1852 E. aspera Penard, 1891 E. brachiata Leidy, 1879 E. bryophila Brown, 1911 E. ciliata (Ehrenberg, 1848) Leidy, 1879 E. ciliata f. glabra Wailes, 1915 E. compressa Carter, 1864 E. compressa f. glabra Wailes, 1915 E. cristata Leidy, 1879 E. denticulata Brown, 1912 E. filifera Penard, 1902 E. laevis (Ehrenberg, 1845) Perty, 1852 E. rotunda Wailes & Penard, 1911 E. strigosa (Ehrenberg, 1871) Leidy, 1879 E. strigosa var. heterospina Wailes, 1915 E. strigosa var. muscorum Wailes, 1915 E. tuberculata Dujardin, 1841 (Syn. Euglypha alveolata Dujardin, 1841) Paulinella chromatophora Lauterborn, 1895 Playfairina valkanovi Golemansky, 1966 Pseudodifflugia fascicularis Penard, 1902 P. gracilis Schlumberger, 1845 P. gracilis var. tericola Bonnet & Thomas, 1960
13 7 13,14 7,13,14 5,6,8,10,13,14 6 8,10 9 13 8,13,14 13 13 13 13,14 13 6,12,13,14 5,12,13,14 8,9,13 5,13 13 6 -
1,2,3,4 1 2 2 2,4 1,2 1,2,4 2,4 2,4 1,2 1,4 2 -
13
3
2,4 2,4 2,4 2 2,3 1,2
1,2
Zivkovicia compressa (Carter, 1864) Ogden, 1983 (Syn. Pontigulasia bigibbosa Penard, 1902)
Testaceafilosia
2
1
15,16 -
16,19 15 15 15,16,17,18 15,16,17,19 15,16
15 15,18
16
4
22 23 28
23 22 22 24 24 23 20,21,22,23,24,25 21,22,25,26,27 20,21,22,23,26 23 22 21,22,24
20,21,22,26 21,22,23,24,26 22,23,27
-
5
-
29,30 30 29,30 29,30,31 29,30,31 30 -
29,30,31 29,30 30 -
-
6
4, Present study 3, Present study 3, 4 4 Present study
3, 4, Present study 4, 9 9 Present study 3,4,9, Present study 3, Present study 3, 4 Present study 3,4,9, Present study Present study 3, Present study 3,4,9, Present study 3, 4, Present study 3, 4 3, 4 3 3,4,9, Present study
4 3, 4, Present study 4, 9 4, Present study 9 3,4,9, Present study 3 3,4,9, Present study
4, Present study
7
P, M P, M A, P, M A, P M, S
A, P, M A, P A, P P, M E P, M A, P, M P, M A, P, M P, M, S P, M E E A, P, M A, P, M P, M A, P, M
P E P, M A, P A E P, M A, P, M
A, P
8
214 V. GOLEMANSKY, M. TODOROV, B. TEMELKOV
113
13 8 13,14 5,7,8,10,12,13 5,6,12,13,14
2 1,2,3,4 1,2,3,4
96
6,10,13 13 5 -
3
2 2,4 1 2,4 2,3,4 -
2 26 21,26 21,24 24
5
89
88
20,22,23,28 15,16 20,22,23 21 15,16,17,18,19 20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27
15 15 15 17,19 -
4
25
29,31 -
-
6
* - The arabic number show the number of publication from the list of references, where the species are recorded; ** - The abbreviations are: A – aquatic, P – peaty-dwelling or sphagnophilous, M – moss-dwelling, S – soil-dwelling, E – eurybiotic. *** - The names of the naked amoebae are given as they are recorded by the authors.
T o t a l : 197
P. virescens Penard, 1902 Pseudodifflugia sp. Sphenoderia fissirostris Penard, 1902 S. lenta Schlumberger, 1845 S. minuta Deflandre, 1931 Tracheleuglypha acolla Bonnet & Thomas, 1955 T. dentata (Vejdovsky, 1882) Deflandre, 1953 T. dentata var. elongata (Playfair,1917) Thomas & Gauthier-Lievre, 1959 Trachelocorythion pulchellum Bonnet, 1979 Trinema complanatum Penard, 1890 T. complanatum var. globulosa Chardez, 1960 T. enchelys (Ehrenberg, 1838) Leidy, 1879 T. galeata (Penard, 1890) Jung, 1942 T. lineare Penard, 1890
1
-
Present study 3, 9 4, Present study 3,4,9, Present study 3 3, 4, Present study
9 4 3, 4 4, 9, Present study 4 3, Present study 3, 4, Present study 3
7
-
P, M, S E A, P, M E M, S E
A A A, P, M A, P A, P E A, P, M A, P, M
8
Rhizopods 215
216
V. GOLEMANSKY, M. TODOROV, B. TEMELKOV
Figs 1-9. LM photographs of different aquatic and sphagnophilous testate amoebae found in the Western Rhodopes: 1. Arcella vulgaris – dorsal view; 2. Centropyxis aculeata – ventral view; 3. Cyclopyxis eurystoma – ventral view; 4. Centropyxis marsupiformis – lateral view; 5. Difflugia acuminata – lateral view; 6. Difflugia ventricosa – lateral view; 7. Difflugia oblonga – lateral view; 8. Difflugia labiosa – lateral view; 9. Difflugia linearis – lateral view. Scale bars – 50 µm (in Figs 1-9).
Rhizopods
217
Figs 10-18. LM photographs of different aquatic and sphagnophilous testate amoebae found in the Western Rhodopes: 10. Difflugia lanceolata – lateral view; 11. Netzelia tuberculata – lateral view; 12. Zivkovicia compressa – lateral view; 13. Heleopera sylvatica – lateral view; 14. Nebela bipes – lateral view; 15. Nebela lageniformis – lateral view; 16. Nebela galeata – lateral view; 17. Nebela penardiana – lateral view; 18. Nebela collaris – lateral view. Scale bars – 50 µm (in Figs 10-18).
218
V. GOLEMANSKY, M. TODOROV, B. TEMELKOV
Figs 19-27. LM photographs of different aquatic and sphagnophilous testate amoebae found in the Western Rhodopes: 19. Hyalosphenia papilio – lateral view; 20. Lesquereusia epistomium – lateral view; 21. Quadrulella symmetrica – lateral view; 22. Assulina muscorum – lateral view; 23. Tracheleuglypha acolla – lateral view; 24. Cyphoderia ampulla – lateral view; 25. Euglypha strigosa var heterospina – lateral view; 26. Paulinella chromatophora – lateral view; 27. Amphitrema flavum – lateral view. Scale bars – 50 µm (in Figs 19-27).
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diversity was established in the Artificial reservoirs (89 species of 24 genera) and in the Soil mosses (88 species of 29 genera). The fauna of the Epiphytic mosses, compared to that of the previous four habitats, is about four times poorer (25 species of 13 genera only). The data of Table 1 show that the most frequently occurring testaceans in all studied habitats and localities are: Trinema lineare (70.9% occurrence), Euglypha rotunda (61.3%), E. laevis (58.1%), Centropyxis aculeata (48.4%), Trinema enchelys (45.2%) and Cyphoderia ampulla (41.9%). Only 5 of all 197 established testate amoebae were found in all studied habitats: Centropyxis aerophila, C. cassis, C. constricta, Euglypha rotunda and E. laevis. Another 26 species were present in 4 of the studied habitats, and about 45% (86 taxa) of all established rhizopods were represented in one habitat only. These characteristic species, which are typical for one habitat and have limited distribution or are entirely absent in other habitats, were represented in the 5 studied habitats in Western Rhodopes as follows: Natural Lakes (24), Artificial reservoirs (24), Peat-bogs and swamps (18), Soil mosses (18) and Epiphytic mosses (2). These characteristic species are mainly from the genera Difflugia (20), Centropyxis (11), Nebela (8) and Arcella (5). It is noteworthy that the characteristic species of the genus Difflugia are represented in the testacean taxocenoses of the Artificial reservoirs (13) and of the Natural Lakes (3), these of the genus Nebela – in the Natural Lakes (4) and in the Peat-bogs and swamps (3), of the genus Arcella – in the Natural Lakes (3) and in the Artificial reservoirs (2), and of the genus Euglypha – in the Peat-bogs and swamps (3). In conclusion, notwithstanding the limited number of the investigations on the rhizopods of the Western Rhodopes till now, these protozoans are widely distributed and have a comparatively big diversity. In support of that are the data for the rhizopods of the other mountains in Bulgaria. For example, the rhizopodic taxocenoses in the Rila Mountain include 178 taxa, in the Vitosha Mountain – 164 taxa, in the Pirin Mountain – 148 taxa and in the Central Balkan – 108 taxa (GOLEMANSKY & TODOROV, 1990; TODOROV, 1998; DELCHEV et al., 2000a, 2000b).
References DELTSHEV C., P. BERON G. BLAGOEV V. GOLEMANSKY V. NAJDENOV V. PENEVA, P. STOEV, M. TODOROV, Z. HUBENOV. 2000. Faunistic Diversity of Invertebrates (non Insecta) of the Rila National Park. In: Biological Diversity of the Rila National Park. Editor M. Sakalian. Sofia, Pensoft: 249-284. DELTSHEV C., P. BERON, G. BLAGOEV, V. GOLEMANSKY, V. PENEVA, P. STOEV, M. TODOROV, Z. HUBENOV. 2000. Faunistic Dversity of Invertebrates (non Insecta) in Central Balkan National Park. In: Biological Diversity of the Central Balkan National Park. Editor M. Sakalian. Sofia, Pensoft: 289317. GOLEMANSKY V. 1967. Étude sur la faune de rhizopodes (Sarcodina, Rhizopoda) des mousses epiphytes et terricoles en Bulgarie. – Bulletin de l’Institut de Zoologie et Musée de Sofia, 24: 103-119 (In Bulgarian, Russian and French summaries). GOLEMANSKY V. 1968. On the species composition and distribution of the rhizopod fauna of upper Smolian Lakes. – Bull. Inst. Zoologie et Musée de Sofia, 27: 171-187. (In Bulgarian, English summary). GOLEMANSKY V., M. TODOROV. 1990. Rhizopodic fauna (Protozoa, Rhizopoda) from Vitoša. – Fauna of Southwestern Bulgaria. Part 3. Sofia: 19-48. (In Bulgarian, Russian and English summaries). GROSPIETSCH T. 1953. Die Untersuchung von Mooren mit Hilfe der Rhizopodenanalyse. - Mikrokosmos, 42: 101-106. GROSPIETSCH T. 1958. Wechseltierchen (Rhizopoden). - Kosmos. Gesellschaft der Naturfreunde Franckh’sche Verlagshandlung Stuttgart. 80 pp.
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HARNISCH O. 1927. Einige Daten zur recenten und fossilen Testaceen Rhizopodenfauna der Sphagnen. – Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 18: 345-360. PATEFF P. 1924. Kenntnis der Süsswasserrhizopoden von Bulgarien. – Arbeiten der Bulgarischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, Sofia, 11: 1-46. (In Bulgarian, German summary). PATEFF P. 1928. Einige neue Süsswassersrhizopoden von Bulgarien. – Arbeiten der Bulgarischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, Sofia, 13: 131-136 (In Bulgarian, German summary). TODOROV M. 1998. Observation on the soil and moss testate amoebae (Protozoa: Rhizopoda) from Pirin Mountain (Bulgaria). - Acta zoologica bulgarica, 50 (2/3): 19-29.
Authors’ addresses: Vassil Golemansky, Institute of Zoology Blvd Tsar Osvoboditel 1 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria Fax: (3592) 9888-28-97, E-mail:
[email protected] Milcho Todorov Institute of Zoology Blvd Tsar Osvoboditel 1 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria Fax: (3592) 9888-28-97 E-mail:
[email protected] Blagovest Temelkov University of Plovdiv 25 Tsar Assen St. Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Разнообразие и биотопично разпространение на ризоподите (Rhizopoda: Lobosia и Filosia) от Западните Родопи (България) Васил ГОЛЕМАНСКИ, Милчо ТОДОРОВ, Благовест ТЕМЕЛКОВ (Р е з ю м е) Обобщени са всички налични до момента данни относно ризоподната фауна на Западните Родопи. За 112 вида текамеби (67 познати от досегашните изследвания и 45 нови за изследвания район) се дават нови данни за тяхното разпространение. Общо за различните изследвани досега хабитати от Западните Родопи се съобщават 197 вида и вариетета от 44 рода на голите и черупчестите амеби. Резултатите от изследванията показват, че в изследваните хабитати доминиращи са родовете Difflugia (41 вида), Centropyxis (22), Nebela (18), Euglypha (17) и Arcella (13). Найчесто срещащи се видове във всички изследвани локалитети и хабитати са: Trinema lineare (70.9% срещаемост), Euglypha rotunda (61.3%), E. laevis (58.1%), Centropyxis aculeata (48.4%), Trinema enchelys (45.2%) и Cyphoderia ampulla (41.9%). Относно разпространението на черупчестите амеби в различните типове местообитания е установено, че с най-голямо разнообразие се отличават Естествените езера и Сфагновите мочури и блата (съответно 113 вида от 34 рода и 96 вида от 32 рода). Сравнението между ризоподната фауна на изследвания район и тази на другите планини в България показва, че видовото разнообразие на ризоподите в Западните Родопи е най-голямо.
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On the free-living freshwater nematode fauna (Nematoda, Nemathelminthes) of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
STEFAN STOICHEV
Stoichev S. 2006. On the free-living freshwater nematode fauna (Nematoda, Nemathelminthes) of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P. (ed.) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 221-226. Abstract. The present study is the first report on the free-living freshwater nematodes from the rivers Vucha and Chepinska. Three of the species are new for the Bulgarian hydrofauna. Key words: Nematoda, benthos, Bulgaria, Western Rhodopes
Introduction The free-living freshwater nematode fauna of the Western Rhodopes has not been subject to special research, the most likely reason being the small size of the nematodes, the specific method for their collection, and the difficulties in their determination, which leads to a minor interest from faunists. The single detailed investigation of the Western Rhodopes concerning the free-living freshwater nematode fauna of Chepelarska River, was carried out by STOICHEV (2005). It gives information about 17 nematode species of 13 genera and 9 families. The purpose of the present study is to present the free-living freshwater nematode fauna of the Western Rhodopes, as established in the research of STOICHEV (2005), and in data from the rivers Vucha and Chepinska, which are reported for the first time by the present study.
Material and Methods The processed material was collected by the author in April, May, July, September and December 1997-2000. A total of 208 quantitative samples were collected from the rivers Chepelarska, Vucha and Chepinska. Different equipment is used when collecting free-living freshwater nematode samples from different depths and ground types: EckmannBurge bottom sampler; Curber frame; sieves with mesh widths from 500 micrometers to 50 micrometers. The laboratory treatment of the samples was published by FILIPJEV
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(1918). After rinsing the samples in fresh water, they were heated up to 60єC and then immediately fixed in 4% formaline solution. This treatment preserves the erected condition of the nematodes and allows for easier and more complete measuring of the different parts of their bodies. Further treatment included leaving them in a solution of water, ethanol and glycerin (1:1:1) for 3 days, and then transferring them in pure glycerin. This gradual transfer supports slower dehydration without contracting and curving their bodies.
Species composition and distribution Order Enoplida Chitwood, 1933 Enoplidae Dujardin, 1845 1. Enoploides f luviatilis Micoletzky, 1923 Distribution: Russia, Central and Eastern Europe In the Western Rhodopes: Chepelarska River at the town of Chepelare, Bachkovo village and the town of Asenovgrad; Vucha River at the village of Grohotno, Nastan village, and the town of Krichim 2. Enoploides sp. In the Western Rhodopes: Chepelarska River at the town of Asenovgrad. Tripylidae de Man, 1876 3. Tripyla glomerans Bastian, 1865 Distribution: Newfoundland, Russia, Rare in Bulgaria. In the Western Rhodopes: at Asenovgrad. 4. Tripyla sp. In the Western Rhodopes: Chepelarska River at Pamporovo, Chepelare and Bachkovo. 5. Tobrilus gracilis (Bastian, 1865) Andrassy, 1959 Distribution: everywhere in the fresh water basins of Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Russia, Georgia, Armenia, Europe, America. Frequently found species. In the Western Rhodopes: Chepelarska River at Pamporovo, Chepelare, Narechenski Bani, Bachkovo and Asenovgrad; Vucha River at the village of Grohotno and Michalkovo village. Order Rhabditida Chitwood, 1933 Rhabditidae Oerley, 1880 6. Rhabditis filiformis Buetschli, 1873 Distribution: frequent in Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Russia, Georgia, Central Europe. In the Western Rhodopes: Chepelarska River at Pamporovo, Chepelare, Bachkovo; Vucha River at the village of Grohotno.
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7. Rhabditis brevispina (Claus, 1862) Buetschli, 1873 Distribution: Russia, Ukraine; rare species. In the Western Rhodopes: Vucha river outflow. 8. Rhabditis sp. In the Western Rhodopes: Chepelarska River at Asenovgrad. Order Dorylaimida Pearse, 1942 Family Mononchidae Filipjev, 1934 9. Mononchus truncatus Bastian, 1865 Distribution: everywhere in the fresh water basins of Central and Eastern Europe. In the Western Rhodopes: Chepelarska and Vucha Rivers. 10. Mononchus sp. In the Western Rhodopes: Chepelarska river outflow. Dorylaimidae de Man, 1876 11. Dorylaimus stagnalis Dujardin, 1848 Distribution: everywhere in the fresh water basins of Belarus, Moldova, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Ukraine, Russia, Europe, America. Also present in hyporrheic waters. In the Western Rhodopes: Chepelarska and Vucha Rivers. 12. Dorylaimus montanus Stefanski, 1924 Distribution: frequent in Western and Central Europe. Also found in Russia. In the Western Rhodopes: Chepelarska River at Pamporovo, Chepelare and Narechenski Bani; Vucha River at Krichim. 13. Dorylaimus paradoxus Eliava, 1967 Distribution: Eastern Georgia, rare in Bulgaria. In the Western Rhodopes: Vucha River at Grohotno. 14. Dorylaimus crassus de Man, 1884 Distribution: Russia, Europe. In the Western Rhodopes: Vucha River at the village of Teshel. 15. Dorylaimus sp. In the Western Rhodopes: Vucha River at Krichim. 16. Paradorylaimus filiformis (Bastian, 1865) Distribution: Russia and Eastern Central Europe. In the Western Rhodopes: Chepelarska River at Pamporovo, Chepelare and Bachkovo.
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S. STOICHEV 17. Mesodorylaimus meyli (Andrassy, 1958) Distribution: Russia, Ukraine, Europe. In the Western Rhodopes: Chepelarska River at Chepelare. 18. Mesodorylaimus subtiliformis (Andrassy, 1959) Distribution: Europe. In the Western Rhodopes: Chepelarska River at Chepelare; Vucha River at Grohotno. 19. Mesodorylaimus sp. In the Western Rhodopes: Chepelarska River at Chepelare. Aporcelaimidae Heyns, 1965 20. Aporcelaimus superbus (de Man, 1880) Distribution: Central and Eastern Europe. In the Western Rhodopes: Chepelarska and Vucha Rivers Order Araeolaimida de Coninck & Sch. Stekhoven, 1933 Halaphonolaimidae de Coninck & Sch. Stekhoven, 1933
21. Aphanolaimus aquaticus Daday, 1897 Distribution: Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Europe. In the Western Rhodopes: Chepelarska River at Chepelare; Vucha River at Grohotno and Krichim; Chepinska River at the village of Draginovo. 22. Aphanolaimus viviparus Plotnikoff, 1899 Distribution: Russia, Estonia, Ukraine. In the Western Rhodopes: Vucha River at the village of Teshel. Cylindrolaimidae Micoletzky, 1922 23. Cylindrolaimus melancholicus de Man, 1880 Distribution: frequent in Europe. In the Western Rhodopes: Chepelarska River at Bachkovo; Vucha River at Grohotno and Krichim; Chepinska River at the town of Velingrad. 24. Cylindrolaimus communis de Man, 1880 Distribution: Russia, Europe In the Western Rhodopes: Chepelarska River at Pamporovo. Plectidae Oerley, 1880 25. Plectus cirratus Bastian, 1865 Distribution: Russia, Ukraine, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Central and Eastern Europe. In the Western Rhodopes: Chepelarska and Vucha Rivers.
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26. Plectus parvus Bastian, 1865 Distribution: Russia, Europe. In the Western Rhodopes: Vucha River at Grohotno. 27. Anaplectus granulosus (Bastian, 1865) de Coninck & Sch. Stekhoven, 1933 Distribution: Russia, Europe In the Western Rhodopes: Vucha River Order Monhysterida de Coninck & Sch. Stekhoven, 1933 Monhysteridae de Man, 1876 28. Monhystera stagnalis Bastian, 1865 Distribution: Moldova, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Ukraine, Russia, Europe. In the Western Rhodopes: Chepelarska and Vucha Rivers; Chepinska River at Velingrad. 29. Monhystera paludicola de Man, 1880 Distribution: Cosmopolite in the fresh waters of Russia, Moldova, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Ukraine, Russia, also in Europe. In the Western Rhodopes: Chepelarska and Vucha Rivers. 30. Monhystera dispar Bastian, 1865 Distribution: in the fresh waters of Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Estonia and Lithuania, also present in Central and Eastern Europe. In the Western Rhodopes: Chepelarska River at Bachkovo; Vucha River at Teshel; Chepinska River at the village of Draginovo. 31. Monhystera similis Buetschli, 1873 Distribution: Russia, Ukraine, Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania, Central and Eastern Europe. In the Western Rhodopes: Vucha River at Grohotno; Chepinska River at the village of Draginovo. 32. Monhystera sp. In the Western Rhodopes: Vucha River at Teshel.
Results The free-living freshwater nematodes located in the Western Rhodopes are euritopic species with wide ecological valency. As seen from the above list, in the Western Rhodopes there are a total of 32 taxa (25 of them determined to species) belonging to 13 genera, 10 families and 5 orders. This represents 39,5% of the total of 81 taxa known in Bulgaria.
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The species Rhabditis brevispina, Dorylaimus crassus and Aphanolaimus viviparus are new for the Bulgarian hydrofauna and, for the moment, they are only found in the Western Rhodopes. The diversity in the physical-geographic characteristics of the region suggests that after more detailed investigations, especially centered on smaller tributaries, the number of free-living freshwater nematodes may increase substantially. Acknowledgements: I would like to thank Nikolai Chernev for his help.
References FILIPJEV I. 1918. Free-living nematodes from the surroundings of Sevastopol. – Tr. Osob. zool. lab. i Sevast. biol. st. Ross. AN. ser. 2, 4(1), 1-614. (In Russian). STOICHEV S. 2005. On the free-living nematode fauna (Nematoda, Nemathelminthes) from Chepelarska Reka River, Rhodopes, South Bulgaria.- Acta zool. bulg., Sofia, 57(1): 31-35
Author’s address: Institute of Zoology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
Върху свободноживеещата нематодна фауна (Nematoda, Nemathelminthes) от Западни Родопи (България) Стефан СТОЙЧЕВ (Р е з ю м е) Настоящото изследване е първото обобщено изследване върху фауната на свободноживеещите сладководни нематоди от района на Западни Родопи. За първи път се дават сведения за нематоди от реките Въча и Чепинска. Три от видовете (Rhabditis brevispina, Dorylaimus crassus и Aphanolaimus viviparus) са нови за хидрофауната на България. В резултат на изследването се установиха 32 таксона, принадлежащи към 13 рода, 10 семейства и 5 разреда. Това представлява 39.5% от известните за страната 81 таксона. Обитаващите района на Западните Родопи свободноживеещи сладководни нематоди са евритопни видове с широка екологична валентност. Разнообразието във физикогеографската характеристика на района навежда на мисълта, че при по-детайлни проучвания, особено върху малките притоци, броят на нематодите значително би нарастнал.
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Review of aquatic oligochets (Oligochaeta Limicola) from water bodies of the Rhodopes Mountains (Bulgaria)
YORDAN UZUNOV
Uzunov Y. 2006. Review of aquatic oligochets (Oligochaeta Limicola) from water bodies of the Rhodopes Mountains (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P. (ed) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 227--247. Abstract: The paper contains a check-list of annelids known as Oligochaeta Limicola as found in the surface water bodies in the Rhodopes. A total of 74 oligochete species of 41 genera and 9 families have been found until now, 14 of them known only in litteris. In the present paper 10 oligochete species are reported for the first time for the hydrofauna of the Rhodopes Mountain. The paper contains data about the distribution of the reported species which have been determined by the author in the last 30 years. The systematic position of the species listed follows the latest revisions as being represented by Fauna Europea. Key words: aquatic oligochets, surface water bodies, Rhodopes, Bulgaria
The catchment areas of three Bulgarian river basins are located in the Rhodopes: the whole basin of the Arda River (including headwaters of the river Byala Reka, which flows into Arda in Greece), a part of the basin of Maritsa River (the right tributaries), and a part of river basin of Mesta (left tributaries, including the sub-basin of the river Dospat, which also flows into Mesta on the territory of Greece). Natural lakes are few in number (Smolyanski Lakes, Chairski Lakes), contrary to the numerous larger and smaller artificial water bodies (dam lakes) like the reservoirs Kardjali, Studen Kladenets, Ivaylovgrad (basin of Arda), Batak, Belmeken, Vucha, Beglika (basin of Maritsa), Dospat (basin of Mesta), etc. Aquatic oligichete worms (Oligochaeta Limicola) from the water bodies of the Rhodopes have never been subject of special faunistic studies. In the past most materials have been obtained during collection of various invertebrates, including from some aquatic habitats. First ČERNOSVITOV (1937) did a review on the oligichete fauna of Bulgaria known from several earlier sources (ROSA, 1897; MICHAELSEN, 1924, 1926; ČERNOSVITOV, 1934) including findings of aquatic oligochets within the Rhodopes, some of them provided by his collaborators Dr. S. Hrab and Dr. J. Љtorkan (Brno, Czech Republic). In many cases however, the locations were described too generally (for instance, “near Kostenets, Rodhopa Mts.”) without any notes if the materials had been obtained from aquatic or terrestrial habitats.
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Among the Bulgarian scientists DIMITROV (1962а, 1962b) was the first to report oligochets collected from the zoobenthos of the two reservoirs Batak and Studen Kladenets. Later VODENICHAROV (1964) reproduced these data introducing the biological characteristics of lakes and reservoirs of Bulgaria. Studying the hydrofauna of Arda River, RUSSEV (1964) didn’t publish any data on oligochets found in the zoobenthos but he made a notice that all collected materials have been entrusted to Dr. M. Kunst (Zoological Institute, University of Prague) for further determination. However, these results have never been published. Later DIMITROV (1966, 1967) reported data on several aquatic oligochets from some tributaries of Maritsa River, and he was the one to determine materials, which had been collected along the same river and further published by RUSSEV (1967). In their study on aquatic fauna of several water bodies (Smolyanski and Chairski Lakes), RUSSEV & JANEVA (1975) noted the finding of Haplotaxis gordioides and mentioned the presence of 13 oligochete species in the Rhodopes, known from the review of ČERNOSVITOV (1937). DIMITROV (1970) reported few species found in the benthos of Studen Kladenets Dam. JANEVA (1989) published data on 17 species found between 1964 and 1985 in the zoobenthos of the tributary Cherna, basin of Arda River. The review of the aquatic oligochets from Bulgarian river courses (UZUNOV, 1980) contained a check-list of oligochets found in the basins of Maritsa and Mesta, but data on the basin of Arda rever were included in the column “other rivers”. Later UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA (1993) reported aquatic oligochets found in the basins of the rivers Arda (27 species), Maritsa (54) and Mesta (59). UZUNOV et al. (1998) reproduced the same figures for the above named river basins in a review on the aquatic biodiversity of the Aegean catchment province. The latest data on oligochets from the Rhodopes were published by YANEVA et al. (2001) with 16 species found in some upper sectors of Arda River and several of its tributaries. Since the early 70-s of the last century, the author has been involved in the determination and checking of aquatic oligochets collected mostly by Prof. Dr. B. Russev (Institute of Zoology, BASc), Assoc. Prof. Dr. I. Yaneva (Biological Faculty, University of Sofia) and their collaborators during numerous studies of the bottom invertebrate communities, including the water bodies of the Rhodopes. Only a part of the results obtained was published (JANEVA, 1989; UZUNOV, 1980; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993; YANEVA et al., 2001). Due to various reasons, many of the author’s determinations of the oligochete materials, which have been collected from aquatic habitats of the Rhodopes Mts. and/or provided by colleagues, remain still unpublished. Thus the purpose of the present paper is to present the available data from the author’s collections on aquatic oligochets from the surface water bodies in the Rhodopes in its Bulgarian part. The review contains data on aquatic oligochets from several hundreds of samples as obtained from 74 sites in rivers, lakes and reservoirs in the Rhodopes (see Table 1), and which have been determined by the author during the last 30 years. There was no special selection of the sites listed in Table 1 except for their origin and belonging to one of the three main river basins in the Rhodopes. They only represent the locations where the materials have been obtained during various research projects carried out by scientists of the Institute of Zoology and the Central Laboratory of General Ecology, both at BASc, and of the Biological Faculty, University of Sofia. The author would like to express his great appreciation for all materials he was provided with during the last decades. The oligochets obtained used to be considered a component of the macrozoobenthos (bottom invertebrate communities) and have not been studied with the aim to solve faunistic
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T a b l e 1. List and location of the studied sites (numbers follow a larger system of site codes) Basin of the Arda River 444 ARDA R. at Mogilitsa 445 ARDA R. at Smilyan 446 ARDA R. d/s Srednogorie = u/s Rudozem 447 ARDA R. d/s Madan = at Paspal 448 ARDA R. at Vechtino 669 ARDA R. u/s Kardjali Reservoir 670 ARDA R. d/s Kardjali Reservoir 449 ARDA R. u/s Reservoir Studen Kladenets 678 ARDA R. d/s Reservoir Suden Kladenets 450 ARDA R. d/s Reservoir Ivaylovgrad 451 CHERNA R. u/s Smolyan 452 CHERNA R. at Raykovo 453 CHERNA R. at Smolyan 454 CHERNA R. at Ustovo 455 CHERNA R. at Tarun = mouth into Arda R. 456 MADANSKA R. mouth into Arda R. 677 DAVIDKOVSKA R. u/s Davidkovo 671 MALKA ARDA R. at Kutela 458 MALKA ARDA R. at Banite 457 MALKA ARDA R. at Slaveino 459 KAZALACH R. at Kirkovo 460 BYALA REKA R. at Gugutka 461 BYALA REKA R. at Mandritsa 672 VARBITSA R. at Benkovsky 673 VARBITSA R. mouth into Arda R. 462 VARBITSA R. at Momchilgrad 463 KRUMOVITSA R. at Krumovgrad 644 SAMODIVSKO (Mutno) Smolyansko Lake 645 BLATISTO (Second) Smolyansko Lake 646 BISTRO (Izkustveno) Smolyansko Lake 647 LAGOT Smolyansko Lake 648 MEZINSKO Smolyansko Lake 649 SALASHA Smolyansko Lake 650 MILUSHEVO Smolyansko Lake 651 CHAIRSKO Smolyansko Lake 674 KARDJALI Reservoir 675 STUDEN KLADENETS Reservoir 676 IVAYLOVGRAD Reservoir
Basin of the Maritsa River 371 YADENITSA R. d/s Yundola 372 CHEPINSKA R., Sofandere tr. 373 CHEPINSKA R., Balakdere tr. 374 CHEPINSKA R., Chobandere tr. 375 CHEPINSKA R., Karachomak tr. 376 CHEPINSKA R., Vriza tr. 378 CHEPINSKA R. at Grashevo = u/s Ablanitsa R. 379 CHEPINSKA R. at Draginovo 380 ABLANITSA R. u/s Chepinska R. 381 MATNITSA R. d/s Batak Reservoir 382 MATNITSA R. at Kostandovo 383 MUGLA R. at Mugla 384 TRIGRADSKA R. at the Hut 385 TRIGRADSKA R. u/s Trigrad 386 TRIGRADSKA R. u/s Teshel 387 BUYNOVSKA R. at Popina Laka 389 TREBETUSHTITSA R. 390 SHIROKOLUSHKA R. u/s Shiroka Laka 391 SHIROKOLASHKA R. u/s Vucha R. 392 DEVINSKA R. d/s Reservoir Toshkov Chark 393 DEVINSKA R. u/s Devin 394 KRICHIMSKA R. d/s Teshel 395 VUCHA R. d/s Michalkovo 396 VUCHA R. d/s Krichim 397 VUCHA R. at Y. Gruevo = mouth into Maritsa R. 398 STARA REKA R. u/s Peshtera 399 STARA REKA R. at Isperihovo 400 STARA REKA R. at Novo Selo 401 CHEPELARSKA R. u/s Chepelare 402 CHEPELARSKA R. d/s Chepelare 403 CHEPELARSKA R. u/s Hvoyna 404 CHEPELARSKA R. at Bachkovo Monastery 405 CHEPELARSKA R. mouth into Maritsa R. 442 ZABARDOVSKA R. at Erkyupriya Basin of the Mesta River 493 DOSPAT R. at Sarnitsa 494 DOSPAT R. at Barutin
Note: d/s - downstream, u/s - upstream the site
and/or taxonomic tasks. The samplings have usually been performed in the traditional ways of qualitative and/or semi-quantitative methods (hydrobiological sacks, dredgers); quantitative bottom samplers like Eckmann’s and/or Petersen’s dredgers have been used only in deep waters of most of the reservoirs.
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Review data for each of the herein listed species contain: the actual taxonomic status and synonyms published earlier, No(s) of locations and dates (month and year only, as in many cases the exact date of finding was not labeled) of site visit, field collection on site, brief Notes on preferable aquatic habitats and ecological conditions they use to occur in and/or some faunistic notes where necessary. For the sake of completeness, the review contains data on species known from literature sources only. In such cases, herein data (in lit.) were noted for those of the species which origin from aquatic habitats (surface water bodies) was clearly labeled. All data on representatives of the family Branchiobdellidae and about H. chappuisi (epibionts on gills of Astacidae, Crustacea) were reproduced from the review of SUBCHEV & STANIMIROVA (1998). A total of 74 oligochete species have been found in surface water bodies in the Rhodopes. The systematic position of the species listed bellow follows the latest revisions as being represented by Fauna Europea (www.faunaeur.org). The abbreviations “d/s” and “u/s” used both in the text and Table 1 mean location downstream, respectively upstream a certain location. Phyllum Annelida Class Aphanoneura Family Aeolosomatidae Genus Aeolosoma Ehrenberg, 1828 Aeolosoma hemprichi Ehrenberg, 1828 A. hemprichi Ehrenberg: UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 76. Locations: 390: 06.1970. Notes: Inhabitant of sandy biotops with fine organic particles in clean brooks and streams. Probably, the distribution of this species (and all representatives of the family) seems to be wider. However, due to the very small size of these worms, they used to be lost in traditional sampling from the macrozoobenthos. Genus Hystricosoma Michaelsen, 1926 Hystricosoma chappuisi Michaelsen, 1926 H. chappuisi Michaelsen: SUBCHEV & STANIMIROVA, 1998: 6; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 77. Locations: (in lit.) D/s the site 371: 04.1987. Notes: This epibiont species has been found on gills of Astacus astacus (L.) and Austropotamobius torrentium (Schrank) in sites in the Rhodopes. SUBCHEV & STANIMIROVA (1998) stated that the distribution of H. chappuisi could be wider than that because the crayfish from collections earlier than 1977 had not been examined for epibionts. Class Branchiobdellea Family Branchiobdellidae Genus Branchiobdella Odier, 1823 Branchiobdella astaci Odier, 1823 B. astaci Odier: SUBCHEV & STANIMIROVA, 1998: 8-11. Locations: (in lit.) 395: 06.1987. Notes: Found on Astacus astacus only.
Oligochaeta
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Branchiobdella parasita (Braun, 1805) B. parasita Henle: SUBCHEV & STANIMIROVA, 1998: 8-11. Locations: (in lit.): 371: 05.184; 380: 09.1993. Notes: Found on both Astacus astacus and Austropotamobius torrentium. Branchiobdella hexadonta Gruber, 1883 B. hexadonta Gruber: SUBCHEV & STANIMIROVA, 1998: 8-11. Locations: (in lit.): d/s 371: 04.1987; u/s 393: 08.1978, 06.1987; 395: 06.1987; 380: 09.1993. Notes: Found on both Astacus astacus and Austropotamobius torrentium. Branchiobdella pentodonta Whitman, 1882 B. pentodonta Whitman: SUBCHEV & STANIMIROVA, 1998: 8-11. Locations: (in lit.): u/s 393: 08.1978, 06.1987; 395: 06.1987; 380: 09.1993. Notes: Found on both Astacus astacus and Austropotamobius torrentium. Branchiobdella balcanica balcanica Moszynski, 1838 B. balcanica: SUBCHEV & STANIMIROVa, 1998: 8-11. Locations: (in lit.): u/s 378: 08.1978. Notes: Found on Astacus astacus only. Class Oligochaeta Order Haplotaxida Family Haplotaxidae Genus Haplotaxis Hoffmeister, 1843 Haplotaxis gordioides (Hartmann, 1821) H. gordioides (Hartmann): RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 19; UZUNOV, 1980: 82; UZUNOV & KOVACHEV, 1986: 48; JANEVA, 1989: 22; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 77. Locations: 370: 09.1991; 371: 06.1982, 04.1983, 06.1983; 372: 05.1994, 06.1994; 390: 06.1969, 05.1990; 393: 08.1996, 10.1996; 680: 09.2003. Notes: Stenothermic inhabitant of cool springs, brooks and rivulets. The author has never found mature individuals of this species. Order Opistophora Family Criodrilidae Genus Criodrilus Hoffmeister, 1845 Criodrilus lacuum Hoffmeister, 1845 C. lacuum Hoffmeister: UZUNOV, 1980: 82; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 76. Locations: 447: 06.2002; 450: 10.1987. General distribution: Europe, Middle and Central Asia; introduced in North America Notes: Amphibial species, found in single specimens in lowland rivers and lakes/reservoirs. In Maritsa River, RUSSEV (1967) noted the finding of a representative of the family Glossoscolecidae (former name of Criodilidae), whose single European species is C. lacuum.
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Family Lumbricidae Genus Eiseniella Michaelsen, 1900 Eiseniella oltenica Pop, 1938 (Dr. Sp. Karaman det.) E. oltenica Pop: UZUNOV, 1976: 74; UZUNOV, 1980: 82; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 77. Locations: 442: 07.1971. Notes: In 1975, Dr. S. Karaman (University of Prishtina, Yugoslavia) was kind to determine a single specimen collected by Prof. B. Russev from the stream Zaburdovska Reka (basin of Maritsa River). This species has never been found again outside the basin of the Danube River. Eiseniella tetraedra (Savigny, 1826) E. tetraedra (Savigny): ČERNOSVITOV, 1934: 70; UZUNOV, 1980: 82; UZUNOV & KOVACHEV, 1986: 48; JANEVA, 1989: 22; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 77; YANEVA et al., 2001: 40. Locations: 371: 06.1982; 373: 05.1994, 06.1994, 07.1994; 374: 07.1992; 376: 06.1987; 378: 06.1987, 06.1994, 07.1994, 08.1994; 381: 07.1992, 04.1993; 382: 10.1988; 383: 06.1980, 04.1982, 04.1983, 06.1985, 08.1985, 08.1987, 10.1988, 06.1993, 07.1993, 09.1993, 10.1993, 05.1995, 09.1995, 11.1995, 10.1996; 384: 05.1971, 06.1980, 07.1982, 06.1985, 08.1986, 08.1987, 10.1987, 06.1993, 07.1993; 385: 06.1980, 11.1980, 07.1982, 06.1985, 08.1986, 08.1987, 10.1988; 386: 04.1982, 06.1985, 08.1986, 10.1988; 387: 04.1993, 06.1993, 07.1993, 10.1993, 05.1995, 09.1995, 11.1995, 08.1996, 10.1996; 389: 09.1994; 390: 04.1983, 06.1985, 08.1987, 10.1988, 07.1989, 05.1990, 05.1991, 07.1994, 05.1995, 11.1995, 10.1996; 393: 04.1987, 06.1987, 04.1993, 07.1993, 07.1994, 09.2001; 394: 04.1982, 06.1987; 395: 06.1987, 09.2001, 06.2002, 08.2002, 08.2003; 397: 04.1987; 398: 10.1987; 399: 04.1987; 400: 04.1987; 403: 07.1983; 404: 04.1987; 444: 06.1985; 445: 04.1982, 04.1985, 06.1985, 04.1987; 446: 04.1982, 04.1985; 447: 08.2002, 10.2002, 10.2003; 448: 04.1987; 449: 10.1987; 450: 06.1987; 451: 04.1982, 06.1985, 04.1987, 06.1987; 453: 05.1971; 454: 04.1972, 04.1982; 04.1983; 455: 04.1987; 456: 10.2003; 457: 04.1987; 458: 06.2002, 10.2002; 494: 04.1993; 659: 05.2001; 665: 03.2001; 667: 12.2000, 05.2001, 07.2002; 668: 05.2002, 07.2002; 669: 08.2003; 670: 05.2005; 671: 06.2002, 10.2002; 672: 07.2005; 677: 07.2002; 679: 09.2003; 680: 06.2002, 08.2002, 08.2003, 10.2003; 681: 05.2004; 683: 05.2004; 695: 09.2001, 10.2003; 696: 09.2001, 06.2002; 697: 09.2001. Notes: Amphibial species, very common and frequent in brooks, streams and rivers. All studied specimens were found to be of typical form (f. typica). ČERNOSVITOV (1934) found E. tetraedra f. typica also around Bachkovo Monastery and Chervenata Stena (located along the stream Chepelarska Reka, basin of Maritsa River) and reported on a finding of E. tetraedra f. hericinia (Rosa) in the plain of Nevrokop (the present town of Gotse Delchev, basin of Mesta River). Genus Apporectoidea Oerly, 1885 Apporectoidea caliginosa (Savigny, 1826) A. caliginosa (Savigny): present paper. Locations: 372: 06.1994; 384: 06.1993. Notes: Terrestrial. Single specimens found in bottom samples of two sites only.
Oligochaeta
233
Apporectoidea rosea (Savigny, 1826) Allolobophora rosea (Eisen): UZUNOV, 1980: 82 (Dr. S. Karaman det); UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 76. Locations: 384: 07.1993 Notes: Terrestrial. Genus Dendrodrilus (Omodeo, 1956) Dendrodrilus rubidus (Savigny, 1826) Bimastus tenuis (Eisen): ČERNOSVITOV,1937: 87. Notes: This terrestrial species was known mostly as Bimastus tenuis (Eisen, 1874). The last finding was reported by ČERNOSVITOV (1937) near the site of Kostenetski Bani (basin of Maritsa River). Genus Allolobophoridella Mrsic, 1990 Allolobophoridella eiseni (Levinsen, 1884) Bimastus eiseni (Levinsen): ČERNOSVITOV, 1937: 87. Notes: Terrestrial. Similar to the above species, ČERNOSVITOV (1937) reported on the finding of B. eiseni near the site of Kostenets (basin of Maritsa River). Genus Dendrobaena Eisen, 1874 Dendrobaena alpina (Rosa, 1884) D. alpina (Rosa): present paper. Locations: 400: 04.1987. Notes: A single mature specimen was obtained when sampling the bottom fauna of the stream of Stara Reka (basin of Maritsa River). This species was also found in the glacial lakes of the Rila and Pirin Mts. (UZUNOV & VARADINOVA, 2000a, UZUNOV & VARADINOVA, 2000b). ČERNOSVITOV (1937) reported a finding of Eisenia (Dendrobaena) alpina f. typica (Rosa, 1884) near Kostenets, basin of Maritsa River. Dendrobaena octaedra (Savigny, 1826) D. octaedra (Savigny): UZUNOV, 1980: 82; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 76. Locations: 387: 04.1993; 393: 04.1993; 398: 04.1983; 670: 07.2002; 695: 06.2002, 10.2003. Notes: Terrestrial; can be found accidentally in bottom invertebrate communities of watercourses at different altitudes. Dendrobaena rhodopensis (Černosvitov, 1937) Eisenia rodopensis sp.n.: ČERNOSVITOV, 1937: 81. Locations: (in lit.) near the site Kostenetski Bani, basin of Maritsa River. Notes: No further confirmations of presence of this species as described by ČERNOSVITOV. Genus Fitzingeria Ziczi, 1978 Fitzingeria platyura (Fitzinger, 1884) F. platyura (Fitzinger): present paper. Locations: 383: 07.1993.
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Notes: Terrestrial. Single specimen found in a brook near the village Mugla (basin of Maritsa River). This species was reported as Dendrobaena platyura for Mesta River (UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993). Genus Eisenia Malm, 1877 Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826) E. foetida (Savigny): present paper Locations: 393: 07.1994. Notes: Terrestrial. Single mature specimen found in the stream of Devinska Reka (basin of Maritsa River). Genus Lumbricus Linnaeus, 1758 Lumbricus rubellus Hoffmeister, 1843 L. rubellus Hoffmeister: UZUNOV, 1980: 82; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 77. Locations: 383: 08.1996; 387: 06.1993; 07.1993; 395: 08.2002; 670: 04.2003, 08.2003; 678: 07.2002; 696: 10.2003. Notes: Terrestrial, but frequently found in water samples by accident. ČERNOSVITOV (1937) reported a finding of L. rubellus near Assenovgrad (located along the stream of Chepelarska Reka, basin of Maritsa River). Genus Octolasium (Oerly, 1855) Octolasium lacteum (Oerly, 1885) O. lacteum (Oerly): present paper. Locations: 383: 09.1993. Notes: Terrestrial. Found accidentally in a water sample from a brook near the village Mugla (basin of Maritsa River). Order Lumbriculida Family Lumbriculidae Genus Lumbriculus Grube, 1884 Lumbriculus variegatus (Müller, 1774) L. variegatus (Müller): DIMITROV, 1966: 307; RUSSEV, 1966: 241; UZUNOV, 1980: 82; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 77; YANEVA et al., 2001: 40. Locations: 381: 07.1992, 06.1993; 383: 06.1980, 08.1987, 10.1988, 10.1996; 387: 09.1993, 11.1995; 390: 06.1987; 392: 07.1971; 393: 04.1987, 06.1987, 07.1993, 05.1995, 09.2001; 395: 09.2001, 06.2002; 403: 07.1983; 456: 10.2003; 457: 05.2002; 494: 06.1987, 10.1987, 04.1993; 669: 08.2003; 670: 07.2002; 671: 06.2002; 677: 05.2002; 679: 06.2002, 09.2003; 680: 08.2002, 10.2003; 696: 01.2001, 06.2002; 697: 09.2001. Notes: Widely distributed and frequent species, present with low density in the zoobenthos of all kinds of inland water bodies, mostly in clean water bodies. Mature specimens were never found in the available materials. Genus Trichodrilus Claparède, 1862 Trichodrilus moravicus Hrabé, 1937 T. morvaicus Hrab : present paper
Oligochaeta
235
Locations: 393: 04.1993, 09.1993; 394: 06.1987 Notes: Found in cool and clean mountain brooks and streams. Genus Stylodrilus Claparède, 1862 Stylodrilus heringianus Claparède, 1862 S. heringianus Claparede: UZUNOV, 1980: 82; UZUNOV & KOVACHEV, 1986: 48; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 79. Locations: 371: 05.1982, 06.1982, 07.1982, 08.1982, 09.1982, 11.1982, 01.1983, 03.1983, 04.1983, 05.1983, 06.1983, 10.1983; 372: 05.1994, 06.1994; 383: 04.1982; 384: 07.1982, 07.1986; 385: 07.1971; 387: 07.1980, 09.1995, 10.1996; 389: 09.1994; 390: 06.1970, 05.1971, 04.1983, 06.1986; 391: 09.1980; 392: 05.1971; 393: 08.1970, 07.1993, 10.1993, 11.1995, 08.1996, 10.1996, 09.2001, 10.2003; 395: 09.2001, 06.2002, 08.2002, 08.2003, 09.2003; 644: 05.1971; 647: 05.1970; 648: 05.1962; 649: 05.1971; 679: 09.2001, 06.2002; 680: 06.2002, 08.2003, 09.2003, 10.2003; 695: 10.2003; 696: 10.2003; 697: 09.2001. Notes: Freshwater inhabitant of the cool and clean water of oligotrophic lakes and mountain brooks and streams. Stylodrilus parvus (Hrabé et Černosvitov, 1927) S. parvus (Hrabé & Černosvitov): UZUNOV, 1980: 82; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 79. Locations: 390: 05.1995. Notes: A single sample in few specimens from the stream of Shirokolushka Reka (basin of Maritsa River). Genus Rhynchelmis Hoffmeister, 1843 Rhynchelmis tetratheca Michaelsen, 1920 R. tetratheca Michaelsen: present paper Locations: 670: 08.2005. Notes: The only finding of semimature specimens in Arda River. Order Tubificida Family Enchytraeidae Genus Mesenchytraeus Eisen, 1878 Mesenchytraeus armatus (Levinsen, 1884) M. armatus (Levinsen): UZUNOV, 1980: 82; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 77. Locations: 372: 07.1992, 05.1994; 381: 06.1994; 383: 06.1993; 389: 09.1994; 696: 07.2002. Notes: Amphibial species, often found in headwaters of rivers and in glacial lakes. Genus Enchytraeus Henle, 1837 Enchytraeus albidus Henle, 1837 E. albidus Henle: UZUNOV, 1980: 82; JANEVA, 1989: 22; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 77. Locations: 381: 06.1993; 382: 04.1987; 383: 10.1996; 408: 10.1987; 447: 05.2002; 453: 05.1971; 455: 06.1985, 04.1987; 458: 06.2002, 10.2002; 669: 11.2002, 04.2003; 670: 07.2002, 04.2003.
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Notes: Amhibial species inhabiting the soil, freshwaters and the sea shore line. Found in variuos biotops and saprobic degrees, most frequent in sites under organic impacts. Genus Fridericia Michaelsen, 1899 Fridericia perrieri (Vejdovsky, 1878) F. perrieri (Vejdovsky): ČERNOSVITOV, 1937: 70; F. cf. perrieri (Vejdovsky): UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 77. Locations: 384: 08.1986. Notes: Juvenile and immature (and indeterminable) specimens of Fridericia spp. used to be permanenlty obtained when sampling zoobenthos in headwaters of all studied inland rivers and mountain lakes. Fridericia uniglandula Stephenson, 1922 F. uniglandula Stephenson: ČERNOSVITOV, 1937: 75. Notes: ČERNOSVITOV (1937) reported a finding of this species at the site of Progled (basin of Arda River). This species name does not exist in the list of European oligochets; probably it is not present in this continent, as it was described by Stephenson from India. Genus Marionina Michaelsen, 1889 Marionina argentea (Michaelsen, 1889) M. argentea (Michaelsen): UZUNOV, 1980: 82; M. cf. argentea (Michaelsen): UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 77. Locations: 372: 07.1992; 373: 05.1994, 07.1994; 381: 04.1993, 10.1993, 06.1993, 10.1993; 383: 06.1993; 384: 10.1988; 387: 07.1993, 11.1995; 390: 06.1985, 10.1996. Notes: Amphibial species, found mostly in cool and clean headwaters on sandy substarata. Marionina riparia Bretscher, 1899 M. riparia Bretscher: present paper Locations: 380: 09.1993; 381: 06.1993. Notes: Found in few specimens in mountain brooks and rivers. Generally, the representatives of the genus Marionina spp. are likely to be the most frequent and abundant enchytraeids in samples from headwaters. However, very few of them are mature enough to make a correct identification. ТIMM (1987) stated that M. riparia might be a complex species (composed of several closely related forms, even different species) due to its high variability. Family Naididae Genus Stylaria Lamarck, 1816 Stylaria lacustris (Linnaeus, 1767) S. lacustris (L.): DIMITROV, 1962a: 68; VODENICHAROV, 1964: 221; DIMITROV, 1966: 307; DIMITROV, 1967: 390; RUSSEV, 1967: 89; UZUNOV, 1980: 81; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 79; YANEVA et al., 2001: 40. Locations: 380: 09.1993; 381: 07.1993, 10.1993; 383: 10.1988, 08.1993; 390: 04.1989; 394: 10.1987, 09.1993; 395: 06.1987, 10.2002; 455: 10.1987; 463: 06.1987.
Oligochaeta
237
Notes: Typical inhabitant of periphyton and submerse vegetation in both lotic and lentic aquatic environment of water bodies up to 1000 m asl. Genus Slavina Vejdovsky, 1883 Slavina appendiculata (d’Udekem, 1855) S. appendiculata (d’Udekem): DIMITROV, 1962a: 68; VODENICHAROV, 1964: 221; UZUNOV, 1980: 81; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 78; YANEVA et al., 2001: 40. Locations: 394: 04.1982; 398: 07.1992; 647: 07.1971; 649: 04.1972; 650: 05.1971, 07.1971; 679: 06.2002, 09.2003; 680: 10.2002; 695: 08.2003, 10.2003. Notes: Great opportunist, inhabiting all kinds of inland water bodies with fine organic particles on the bottom substrata. Genus Dero Oken, 1815 Dero digitata (Müller, 1773) D. limosa Leidy: DIMITROV, 1962a: 68; VODENICHAROV, 1964: 221; D. incisa Michaelsen: DIMITROV, 1962a: 69; D. digitata (Müller): DIMITROV, 1962a: 68; VODENICHAROV, 1964: 221;UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 76. Locations: 393: 08.2003, 10.2003; 449: 08.2005; 674: 05.2005, 08.2005. Notes: Great opportunist, inhabiting all kinds of inland water bodies with fine organic particles on the bottom substrata. Dero obtusa Udekem, 1855 D. obtusa Udekem: DIMITROV, 1962a: 68; DIMITROV, 1967: 389; VODENICHAROV, 1964: 221; JANEVA, 1989: 22; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 77. Locations: 393: 10.2003; 399: 10.1987; 679: 09.2003. Notes: Common in heavily polluted or hyper-eutrophicated sites both in rivers and lakes/reservoirs; component of б-mesosaprobic, even polysaprobic communities. Dero dorsalis Ferronière, 1899 D. tubicola Schuster: DIMITROV, 1962a: 68; VODENICHAROV, 1964: 221. Locations: (in lit.): Littoral of the reservoir Batak, d/s the site 381: 05.1959. Genus Aulophorus Schmarda, 1861 Aulophorus furcatus (Oken, 1815) A. furcatus (Müller, 1773): UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 76. Locations: 379: 10.1987; 387: 09.1993, 670: 05.2005. Notes: Typical for polluted and/or highly eutrophicated water bodies, inhabitant of muddy substrata; component of б-mesosaprobic to polysaprobic communities. Genus Nais Müller, 1773 Nais alpina Sperber, 1948 N. alpina Sperber: UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 77. Locations: 381: 04.1993; 387: 09.1995; 394: 06.1987; 447: 08.1991; 451: 10.1987.
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Y. UZUNOV
Notes: The first findings of the species were determined by mistake and published as N. behningi (UZUNOV, 1976). Obviously when distinguishing N. behningi and N. alpina, the author has fallen into the trap, which KАSPRZAK & SZCZESNY (1976) had warned about. New data obtained from the high-mountain lakes of Rila and Pirin Mts. instigated a detailed scrutiny of available collections. The revision showed N. alpina as distributed only in mountain brooks and streams (UZUNOV & VARADINOVA, 2000a, 2000b) instead of N. behningi, which was considered to be distributed in the Danube River and some of its tributaries. Nais barbata Müller, 1774 N. obtusa Müller: DIMITROV, 1962a: 68; VODENICHAROV, 1964: 221; DIMITROV, 1966: 307; RUSSEV, 1967: 89; RUSSEV, 1966: 240; N. barbata Müller: UZUNOV, 1980: 89; JANEVA, 1989: 22; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 77. Locations: 381: 10.1993; 383: 08.1985, 10.1988; 388: 05.1999; 390: 10.1987, 04.1993; 393: 09.1980, 10.1987, 06.1993, 08.2003, 10.2003; 394: 09.1993; 395: 06.1987; 398: 07.1992; 399: 10.1987; 400: 06.1987; 401: 07.1983; 402: 07.1983; 407: 06.1987; 449: 08.2005; 451: 06.1985; 454: 05.1971, 06.1985; 455: 07.1982, 06.1985, 06.1987; 463: 06.1987; 494: 06.1987; 668: 05.2000. Notes: One of the most common naidid species, typical component of the periphyton both in lotic and lentic environment. Nais bretscheri Michaelsen, 1899 N. bretscheri Michaelsen: UZUNOV, 1980: 81; JANEVA, 1989: 22; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 77. Locations: 373: 07.1992; 383: 06.1980, 08.1985, 08.2003, 10.2003; 384: 06.1980, 08.1986; 385: 07.1971, 06.1980, 06.1985, 08.1986; 386: 08.1986; 387: 11.1995, 05.2004; 390: 06.1985, 08.1986, 08.1987, 10.1988, 07.1989, 07.1994; 393: 09.1980, 06.1987; 394: 06.1987; 395: 06.1987, 08.2002; 398: 07.1992; 445: 04.1982; 451: 06.1985; 651: 04.1972; 679: 09.2003. Notes: One of the most typical rheophillic oligochete species from the epirithral to the potamal sectors of rivers and littoral of the lakes if bottom substrata is abundant in periphyton (epilython). Nais communis Piguet, 1906 N. communis Piguet: DIMITROV, 1966: 307; RUSSEV, 1966: 240; RUSSEV, 1967: 89; UZUNOV, 1980: 81; JANEVA, 1989: 22; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 77; YANEVA et al., 2001: 40. Locations: 372: 06.1994; 373: 07.1992, 07.1994; 378: 07.1994; 380: 09.1993, 10.1993; 381: 07.1992, 06.1994, 04.1993; 384: 08.1986; 385: 11.1980; 386: 08.1986; 387: 09.1995, 11.1995; 390: 06.1985, 10.1988, 07.1993; 393: 09.1980, 06.1993, 05.1995, 08.2002; 394: 05.2004; 447: 05.2002; 449: 07.1998; 452: 07.1971; 454: 07.1971, 07.1981, 04.1983; 460: 06.1987; 644: 05.1971; 647: 05.1970, 670: 08.2003; 679: 09.2001, 09.2003; 680: 09.2003; 696: 10.2003.
Oligochaeta
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Notes: Widely distributed and very common species in mountain streams and brooks, rare in stagnant water bodies. Inhabitant of both periphyton and sandy bottomed habitats with fine organic matter. Nais elinguis Müller, 1773 N. elinguis Müller: DIMITROV, 1966: 307; RUSSEV, 1966: 241; RUSSEV, 1967: 89; JANEVA, 1989: 22; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 77. Locations: 373: 07.1992; 374: 09.1999, 06.2000; 375: 04.1989; 378: 06.1993; 379: 06.1987; 380: 09.1993, 10.1993, 05.1994, 06.1994; 381: 10.1992; 382: 04.1987, 06.1987, 10.1988; 383: 06.1980, 04.1982, 06.1985, 08.1985, 05.1995; 384: 06.1980; 385: 07.1971, 04.1982, 06.1985, 08.1986; 387: 04.1993, 06.1993, 09.1993, 09.1995, 11.1995; 388: 04.1989; 390: 06.1985, 08.1986, 06.1987, 10.1988, 07.1989, 04.1993, 07.1993, 11.1995; 393: 09.1980, 08.1986, 06.1987, 10.1987, 06.1993, 08.1993, 11.1995, 10.1996, 08.2003, 10.2003; 394: 05.1980, 04.1982, 06.1987, 09.1993; 395: 06.1987, 09.2001, 09.2003; 396: 04.1987; 398: 06.1987; 399: 06.1987; 405: 04.1987; 449: 08.2005; 494: 06.1987; 645: 05.1972; 651: 04.1972; 670: 08.2003, 10.2003, 08.2005; 671: 10.2002; 679: 06.2002; 680: 09.2003, 10.2003; 682: 05.2004; 695: 08.2003, 09.2003, 10.2003; 696: 09.2001, 10.2003. Notes: Widely opportunistic species, inhabiting a whole range of altitudes (from glacial lakes to lowland and coastal marshes). Almost permanent presence in samples from stony riverbeds and submersed or fringing vegetation in rivers and lakes. Mass development and high population density observed in sites under serious organic impact by wastewater. Nais pardalis Piguet, 1906 N. pardalis Piguet: DIMITROV, 1962a: 86, VODENICHAROV, 1964: 221; DIMITROV, 1966: 307; DIMITROV, 1967: 390; UZUNOV, 1980: 81; JANEVA, 1989: 22; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 77. Locations: 372: 06.1994, 07.1994; 373: 07.1992, 05.1994, 06.1994, 07.1994; 378: 07.1993, 09.1993; 381: 04.1993, 10.1993; 383: 06.1980; 384: 06.1993; 385: 04.1982; 386: 08.1987; 387: 08.1993, 09.1993; 390: 05.1990, 04.1993; 393: 09.1980, 09.1993; 394: 05.1980, 09.1993; 395: 04.1987; 398: 07.1992; 449: 10.1987; 451: 07.1982; 454: 05.1971, 06.1985; 461: 06.1987; 463: 06.1987. Notes: Widely distributed in rivers with clean stony bottom with abundant periphyton, less often in littoral and on submersed aquatic vegetation of lakes and reservoirs; tolerant to organic pollution. Nais pseudobtusa Piguet, 1906 N. pseudobtusa Piguet: DIMITROV, 1962a: 68; DIMITROV, 1966: 307; VODENICHAROV, 1964: 221; RUSSEV, 1966: 240; RUSSEV, 1967: 89; UZUNOV, 1980: 81; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 76. Locations: 372: 06.1994; 373: 07.1992, 05.1994, 06.1994; 378: 05.1994; 380: 05.1994; 382: 10.1988; 383: 08.1985; 384: 06.1980, 06.1986; 385: 08.1986; 386: 04.1982, 08.1986, 08.1987; 389: 09.1994; 390: 08.1986, 07.1979; 393: 06.1987, 08.1993, 10.1996; 395: 09.2001, 09.2003; 396: 06.1987; 647: 07.1971; 669: 09.2001; 680: 09.2003, 10.2003; 695: 09.2003, 10.2003; 696: 10.2003.
240
Y. UZUNOV
Notes: Widely distributed but not abundant in clean brooks and streams on stony substrata. Nais simplex Piguet, 1906 N. simplex Piguet: DIMITROV, 1962a: 68; DIMITROV, 1966: 307; DIMITROV, 1967: 389; VODENICHAROV, 1964: 221; RUSSEV, 1966: 241; RUSSEV, 1967: 89; UZUNOV, 1980: 81; JANEVA, 1989: 22; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 76. Locations: 383: 06.1980; 454: 07.1971; 455: 04.1982, 07.1982; 494: 04.1993; 670: 07.2002. Notes: Relatively rare in the littoral of lakes and reservoirs, more abundant in plain rivers on muddy sands. Nais variabilis Piguet, 1906 N. variabilis Piguet: DIMITROV, 1962a: 68; DIMITROV, 1966: 307; DIMITROV, 1967: 389; RUSSEV, 1966: 240; RUSSEV, 1967: 89; UZUNOV, 1980: 81; JANEVA, 1989: 22; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 76. Locations: 373: 07.1992; 381: 07.1992, 10.1993; 384: 06.1980; 385: 08.1986; 387: 09.1993; 389: 09.1994; 390: 06.1985, 10.1987, 10.1988, 05.1990; 393: 10.1987, 08.1993; 398: 07.1992; 399: 06.1987, 10.1987; 449: 10.1987; 452: 05.1971, 07.1971, 07.1982; 453: 05.1971; 454: 05.1971, 07.1981; 455: 04.1982, 06.1985, 10.1987, 09.1992; 458: 10.2002; 463: 06.1987; 494: 06.1987; 695: 09.2003. Notes: Widely distributed and abundant in overgrown lakes and reservoirs; everywhere in the periphyton of the potamal sectors of rivers; tolerant to organic pollution. Genus Specaria Sperber, 1939 Specaria josinae (Vejdovsky, 1883) S. josinae (Vejdovsky): UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 78. Locations: 385: 11.1980; 474: 06.2000. Notes: Rare species in the available materials, possibly due to its difficult discrimination from juvenile tubificids. Genus Ophidonais Gervais, 1838 Ophidonais serpentina Müller, 1773 O. serpentina Müller: DIMITROV, 1962a: 68; DIMITROV, 1966: 307; DIMITROV, 1967: 389; VODENICHAROV, 1964: 221; RUSSEV, 1966: 241; RUSSEV, 1967: 89; UZUNOV, 1980: 81; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 77; YANEVa et al., 2001: 40. Locations: 381: 10.1993; 383: 06.1980; 384: 06.1980, 04.1982, 07.1982; 385: 07.1971; 387: 10.1996; 393: 09.2001; 394: 09.2001; 395: 06.1987; 402: 07.1983; 403: 10.1987; 446: 04.1982; 454: 07.1971; 458: 10.2002; 459: 10.1987; 463: 06.1987; 645: 07.1971, 05.1972; 646: 07.1971, 04.1972; 647: 04.1972; 649: 05.1971, 04.1972; 650: 05.1971, 07.1971; 680: 06.2002; 696: 08.2002. Notes: Very common and often abundant in overgrown bottoms of streams, rivers and lake littoral; tolerant to organic pollution.
Oligochaeta
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Genus Paranais Černiavsky, 1880, emend. Sperber, 1948 Paranais frici Hrabé, 1941 P. friиi Hrabé: UZUNOV, 1980: 81; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 77. Locations: 460: 06.1987; 462: 10.1987. Notes: This rheophilic species is considered an element of the ponto-caspian complex but due to the human activities it has been undergoing fast enlargement of its areal in the last decades. Except for the Danube River and its tributaries, it was found in other rivers of the Aegean basin like Struma and Mesta. Genus Chaetogaster Baer, 1827 Chaetogaster crystallinus Vejdovsky, 1883 C. crystallinus Vejdovsky: UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 76. Locations: 380: 09.1993, 10.1993; 381: 10.1993; 393: 08.1993. General distribution: Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America. Notes: The systematic position of this species seems to be still unclear. PODDUBNAYA (1966) and some other authors stated that C. crystallinus could not be distinguished from the juvenile specimens of C. diaphanus. In all our materials however the typical features of C. crystallinus were well discerned following classic descriptions. Chaetogaster diaphanus Gruithuisen, 1828 C. diaphanus Gruithuisen: UZUNOV, 1980: 81; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 77; YANEVA et al., 2001: 40. Locations: 383: 06.1980; 390: 10.1987; 395: 06.1987; 400: 06.1987; 452: 07.1982. Notes: Common but not abundant species in both stagnant and runnig waters, mostly on periphyton. Tolerant to organic loadings. Chaetogaster diastrophus Gruithuisen, 1828 C. diastrophus Gruithuisen: DIMITROV, 1962a: 68; DIMITROV, 1966: 307; DIMITROV, 1967: 389; VODENICHAROV, 1964: 221; RUSSEV, 1966: 241; RUSSEV, 1967: 89; UZUNOV, 1980: 81; JANEVA, 1989: 22; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 76. Locations: (in lit.): u/s the site 455 (1982-1985). Notes: Never found in available materials except in the river Cherna (basin of Arda River, JANEVA, 1989). Genus Pristina Ehrenberg, 1828 Pristina aequiseta Bourne, 1891 P. aequiseta Bourne: UZUNOV, 1980: 81; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 78. Locations: 393: 10.2003; 447: 05.2002. Notes: Common, but not abundant component of the peryphyton on stones and gravel, mostly in rivers. Pristina foreli (Piguet, 1906) P. foreli (Piguet): present paper Locations: 381: 04.1993, 07.1993;
242
Y. UZUNOV
Notes: Rare species, found in clean mountain streams as a component of lithorheophilic communties and possibly in hyporheic habitats. Genus Pristinella Brinkhurst, 1985 Pristinella amphibiotica (Lastočkin, 1927) Pristina amphibiotica (Lastočkin): UZUNOV, 1976: 72; UZUNOV, 1980: 81; Pristinella amphibiotica (Lastočkin): UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 77; YANEVA et al., 2001: 40. Locations: 378: 061993; 384: 08.1986; 447: 07.1978. Notes: Found mostly in the crenal and epirithral sectors of mountain brooks and streams. Pristinella bilobata (Bretcher, 1903) Pristina bilobata (Bretscher): UZUNOV, 1976: 73; UZUNOV, 1980: 81; Pristinella bilobata (Bretsher): UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 78. Locations: 373: 07.1994; 378: 06.1993, 06.1994; 383: 10.1993, 05.1995, 11.1995; 387: 09.1993; 398: 07.1992. Notes: Small worms found mostly in clean headwater sectors; often found in hyporeal (unpublished data of Dr. I. Pandourski, Institute of Zoology). Pristinella rosea (Piguet, 1906) Pristina lutea Schmidt: DIMITROV, 1962a: 68; DIMITROV, 1962b: 87: VODENICHAROV, 1963: 222, 232; Pristina rosea (Piguet): UZUNOV, 1980: 81. Pristinella rosea (Piguet): UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 78. Locations: 372: 06.1994; 387: 09.1993, 09.1995, 11.1995; 390: 10.1987; 393: 08.1993; 647: 05.1970. Notes: Common species, tolerant to organic loading. Family Tubificidae Genus Rhyacodrilus Brestcher, 1901 Rhyacodrilus coccineus (Vejdovsky, 1875) R. coccineus (Vejdovsky): UZUNOV, 1980: 81; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 78. Locations: 378: 06.1987; 381: 07.1992, 04.1993; 382: 06.1987; 383: 05.1995; 387: 08.1996, 10.1996; 393: 06.1987, 07.1993, 09.2001, 10.2003; 395: 09.2001, 08.2002, 10.2002, 08.2003, 09.2003; 404: 06.1987; 449: 08.2005; 670: 10.2003, 05.2005; 679: 06.2002, 09.2003; 680: 08.2002, 08.2003, 09.2003; 695: 10.2003; 696: 09.2001; 697: 09.2001. Notes: All findings come from headwater streams, clean and stony bottomed. Genus Bothrioneurum Stolc, 1888 Bothrioneurum vejdovskyanum Stolc, 1988 B. vejdovskyanum Stolc: UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 78. Locations: 448: 09.1992. Notes: All specimens were identified on mature individuals. ТIMM (1987) еxplained the rare findings of this species with asexual way of its reproduction and impossibility to
Oligochaeta
243
distinguish the immature specimens from the juvenile representatives of Limnodrilus spp. Known also to be found in watercourse of Mesta River. Genus Ilyodrilus Eisen, 1879 Ilyodrilus templetoni (Southern, 1909) I. templetoni (Southern): present paper Locations: 674: 08.2005. Notes: Single finding of few mature specimens in the zoobenthos of Kardjali Reservoir. Genus Tubifex Lamarck, 1816 Tubifex nerthus Michaelsen, 1908 T. nerthus Michaelsen: DIMITROV, 1962b: 87; VODENICHAROV, 1964: 232. Locations (in lit): 675 (1958-1960) Notes: Dr. Dimitrov’s determination seems quite doubtful, as this species is supposed to be an inhabitant mostly of oligohaline (brackish) waters according to CHEKANOVSKAYA, 1962, TIMM, 1987, etc. Nevertheless, other authors reported this species from coastal habitats of freshwater stagnant bodies (HRABÉ, 1958, 1979; BRINKHURST, 1986). In Bulgaria, this species was found only in the lower reach of the River Ropotamo mouthing the Black Sea (UZUNOV, 1980, UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993). Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774) T. tubifex (Müller): DIMITROV, 1962a: 68; DIMITROV, 1962b: 87; DIMITROV, 1967: 389; VODENICHAROV, 1964: 221; UZUNOV, 1980: 82; JANEVA, 1989: 22; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 79; YANEVA et al., 2001: 40. Locations: 380: 04.1993; 381: 06.1993, 10.1993; 382: 04.1987, 06.1987, 10.1987, 10.1988; 383: 06.1980, 04.1982, 06.1985, 08.1985, 06.1993, 07.1993, 10.1993, 08.1986, 10.1996; 384: 06.1970, 08.1986, 08.1987; 385: 04.1982, 08.1986, 08.1987; 387: 06.1993, 09.1993, 05.1995, 10.1996; 390: 09.1980, 04.1987, 06.1987, 10.1987, 10.1993, 10.1996; 393: 04.1993, 08.2003; 394: 05.1980, 06.1987; 395: 06.1987, 10.1987; 396: 10.1987; 398: 06.1987; 399: 04.1987, 12.1987; 400: 06.1987, 10.1987; 401: 07.1983; 402: 07.1983; 403: 07.1983, 10.1987; 405: 04.1987; 445: 04.1985, 10.1987; 446: 04.1983, 04.1985; 447: 05.2002, 07.2002; 448: 04.1987, 09.1992; 449: 08.2005; 450: 10.1987; 452: 05.1971, 07.1971, 07.1982; 453: 05.1971; 454: 04.1982, 07.1981, 06.1985; 455: 04.1982, 07.1982, 06.1985, 04.1987, 06.1987, 10.1987; 457: 04.19987, 10.1987; 458: 04.1987, 09.1992, 06.2002; 494: 04.1987, 04.1993; 669: 11.2002, 08.2003, 08.2005; 670: 07.2002, 10.2003; 671: 10.2002; 674: 05.2005; 675: 08.2005; 676: 08.2005; 679: 09.2001, 06.2002. Notes: Absolutely opportunistic and eurytopic species, which can be found within the whole altitude range from glacial lakes and crenal brooks to coastal water bodies. Tolerant to oxygen deficiency and high level of saprobity, this species is most abundant in heavily polluted rivers and urban and industrial wastewater. It could be considered a pioneer species along the secondary saprobic succession following the ecosystem recovery after organic pollution.
244
Y. UZUNOV
Genus Spirosperma Eisen, 1879 Spirosperma ferox Eisen, 1879 Peloscolex ferox (Eisen): DIMITROV, 1962a: 68; VODENICHAROV, 1964: 221; DIMITROV, 1967: 389; UZUNOV, 1980: 82; S. ferox Eisen: UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 78; Peloscolex sp.: YANEVA et al., 2001: 40. Locations (in lit.): In the littoral of the reservoir Batak, d/s the site 381. Notes: Common, but not abundant inhabitant of clean sandy bottoms in the littoral of glacial lakes, mountain brooks and the Danube as well. The specimen found and later published as Peloscolex sp. by YANEVA et al. (2001) was further confirmed to be S. ferox. Genus Limnodrilus Claparède, 1862 Limnodrilus claparedeanus Ratzel, 1868 L. claparedeanus Ratzel: DIMITROV, 1967: 389; DIMITROV, 1970: 37; UZUNOV, 1980: 82; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 77. Locations: 382: 04.1987; 385: 08.1987; 387: 09.1993; 446: 06.1986, 675: 05.2005. Notes: Widely distributed component of the zoobenthos of deeper lakes/reservoirs and in rivers under organic loading. The actual distribution might be quite larger than established due to the impossibility to distinguish the juvenile specimens from the other very common species L. hoffmeisteri. Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparède, 1862 L. hoffmeisteri Claparède: DIMITROV, 1962a: 68; DIMITROV, 1967: 389; VODENICHAROV, 1964: 221, 232; UZUNOV, 1980: 82; JANEVA, 1989: 22; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 77. Locations: 379: 06.1987, 10.1987; 380: 09.1993, 10.1993; 381: 06.1993, 10.1993; 382: 04.1987; 06.1987, 10.1987; 383: 06.1980, 10.1988, 07.1993, 10.1993, 09.1995, 10.1996; 384: 06.1980, 08.1987, 06.1993; 385: 04.1982; 387: 05.1995, 09.1996, 09.1993; 390: 04.1987, 06.1987, 10.1987, 10.1988, 07.1993, 10.1993, 11.1995, 10.1996; 393: 06.1987, 09.1993, 11.1995, 08.2003, 10.2003; 395: 06.1987; 396: 04.1987; 397: 06.1987; 398: 07.1992; 399: 04.1987, 06.1987, 10.1987; 400: 06.1987, 10.1987; 403: 10.1987; 405: 04.1987; 445: 04.1985, 06.1987; 446: 04.1983, 04.1985, 09.1992; 447: 09.1992, 05.2002, 10.2003; 449: 08.2005; 450: 10.1987; 452: 07.1982; 454: 07.1981, 04.1982, 06.1985; 455: 04.1982, 06.1985, 04.1987, 10.1987, 09.1992; 456: 10.2003; 457: 04.1987, 10.1987, 05.2002; 458: 04.1987, 06.1987, 05.2002, 06.2002; 463: 06.1987; 493: 06.1987, 10.1987; 669: 11.2002, 05.2005, 08.2005; 670: 05.2005; 671: 06.2002; 673: 07.2005; 674: 05.2005; 08.2005; 676: 08.2005; 679: 06.2002, 03.2003; 670: 04.2003, 10.2003. Notes: One of the most common oligochetе species of the inland water bodies occuring in mass under poly- and β-mesosaprobic conditions together with T. tubifex and other representatives of the genus, especially with L. udekemianus. Limnodrilus profundicola (Verril, 1871) L. helveticus Piguet: DIMITROV, 1962a: 68; L. profundicola (Verril): UZUNOV, 1980: 82; JANEVA, 1989: 22; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 77.
Oligochaeta
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Locations: 379: 06.1987; 382: 04.1987; 390: 10.1996; 395: 10.1987; 397: 06.1987; 399: 04.1987. Notes: Often found at low density in association with other representatives of the genus, mostly in polluted river sectors and in eutrophicated reservoirs. Limnodrilus udekemianus Claparède, 1862 L. udekemianus Claparède: DIMITROV, 1962b: 87; DIMITROV, 1966: 307; VODENICHAROV, 1964: 232; DIMITROV, 1967: 389; JANEVA, 1989: 22; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA1993: 77. Locations: 378: 06.1987; 382: 10.1987; 383: 08.1985, 09.1996; 384: 08.1987; 387: 06.1993; 393: 11.1995; 394: 06.1987; 396: 10.1987; 397: 06.1987; 399: 04.1987; 403: 07.1983; 446: 04.1982, 04.1983; 447: 09.1992, 10.2003; 452: 07.1971; 453: 05.1971; 454: 04.1982, 06.1985; 455: 05.1982; 456: 10.2003; 670: 04.2003; 679: 06.2002. Notes: Very common oligochete species of the inland water bodies occuring in mass under poly- and β-mesosaprobic conditions together with T. tubifex and other representatives of the genus, especially with L. hoffmeisteri. Genus Psammoryctides Hrabé, 1964 Psammoryctides albicola (Michaelsen, 1901) P. albicola (Michaelsen): UZUNOV, 1980: 82; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 78; Locations: 381: 06.1993; 383: 05.1995; 387: 09.1993; 393: 06.1978; 449: 08.2005; 450: 06.1987; 452: 07.1971. Notes: Typically pelophillous, tolerant to organic loading, significant component of б-mesosaprobic communities. Psammoryctides barbatus (Grube, 1861) P. barbatus (Grube): UZUNOV, 1980: 82; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 78. Locations: 383: 05.1995; 449: 08.2005; 670: 05.2005. General distribution: Europe, Western Siberia; introduced in North America. Notes: Inhabitant of sandy bottom subtrata with fine organic particles, mostly in rivers. Typical for transitional communties between в-meso- and б-mesosaprobity. Genus Aulodrilus Bretscher, 1899 Aulodrilus limnobius Bretscher, 1899 A. limnobius Bretscher: UZUNOV, 1980: 81; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 76. Locations: 380: 09.1993; 381: 06.1993. Notes: Rare species found in two locations only in watercourses d/s the Batak Reservoir (basin of Maritsa River). Aulodrilus pigueti Kowalewsky, 1914 A. pigueti Kowalewsky: UZUNOV, 1980: 81; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 76. Locations: 645: 05.1971, 07.1971; 648: 07.1971. Genertal distribution: Worldwide. Notes: The only findings were in two of the Smolyanski Lakes.
246
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Aulodrilus pluriseta (Piguet, 1906) A. pluriseta (Piguet): UZUNOV, 1980: 81; UZUNOV & KAPUSTINA, 1993: 76. Locations: 372: 06.1994; 381: 06.1993; 383: 08.1985, 10.1988; 384: 08.1986; 387: 09.1993; 390: 10.1993; 393: 11.1995; 394: 06.1987; 445: 06.1987. Notes: Widely distributed within the whole altitude range from glacial lakes to the sea level, mostly in shallow brooks, rivers and lakes if abundant in fine organic sediments. Tolerant to organic pollution.
References BRINKHURST R. 1986. Guide to the Freshwater Aquatic Microdrile Oligochaetes of North America. – Canadian Spec. Publ. of Fish. & Aquat. Sci., Ottawa, 84, 259 p. CHEKANOVSKAYA O. 1962. Aquatic Oligochete Worms of the USSR Fauna, Publ. House of the USSR Acad. Sci., Moscow-Leningrad, 78, 411 p. (In Russian). ČERNOSVITOV L. 1934. Die Lumbriciden Bulgariens. – Mitteil. Königl. Naturwiss. Inst., 7: 71-78. ČERNOSVITOV L. 1937. Die Oligochaetenfauna Bulgariens. – Mitteil. Königl. Naturwiss. Inst., 10: 69-92. DIMITROV M. 1962a. The Benthos of the Batak Dam. – Proc. Exper. Stat. Freshwater Fishery, Plovdiv, 1: 5979 (In Bulgarian). DIMITROV M. 1962b. The Benthos in the Stouden Kladenets Dam. – Proc. Exper. Stat. Freshwater Fishery, Plovdiv, 1: 81-94 (In Bulgarian). DIMITROV M. 1966. Chironomidae Larvae (Family Chironomidae, Diptera) and Oligochaeta (Order Oligochaeta) of the Maritsa River and Some of Its Tributaries. – Die Fauna Thrakiens, 3: 307-318 (In Bulgarian). DIMITROV M. 1967. Dynamics of the Benthos of the Batak Dam in the 1961-1963 Period. – Proc. Res. Inst. Fisher. & Oceanogr., Varna, 8: 389-398 (In Bulgarian). DIMITROV M. 1970. Das Benthos des Stausees Ivailovgrad. – Proc. Stat. Freshwater Fishery, Plovdiv, 7: 35-43 (In Bulgarian). HRAB´ S. 1958. Die Oligochaeten aus den Seen Dojran and Skadar. – Spisy Prir. Fac. Masarik Univ. (Brno), 359: 337-354. HRABÉ S. 1979. Vodni maloštetinatci (Oligochaeta) Československa. – Acta Univ. Carol. – Biologica 1979, 9: 1-167. KÀSPRZAK K., B. SZCZESNY. 1976. Oligochaetes (Oligochaeta) of the River Raba. – Acta Hydrobiol., Krakow, 18(1): 78-87. JANEVA I. 1989. Changes in the saprobiological state of the Černa river and their effect on the composition and structure of the benthic organisms. - Hydrobiologia, 34: 20-29 (In Bulgarian). MICHAELSEN L. 1924. Ein Süsswasser-Höhlenoligochaet aus Bulgarien. – Mitteil. Zool. Mus. Hamburg, 41: 1-7. MICHAELSEN L. 1926. Pelodrilus bureschi, ein Süsswasser-Höhlenoligochaet aus Bulgarien. – Arb. Bulg. Nat. forsch. Ges. Sofia, 15: 57-66. PODDUBNAYA T. 1966.To the systematics of Chaetogaster diaphanus Gruith. (Oligochaeta, Naididae). – Proc. Inst. Biol. Inner Wat., 12 (15): 120-124 (In Russian). ROSA D. 1897. Nuovi Lombrichi dell’Europa orientale. – Bull. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12(269). RUSSEV B. 1964. Hydrobiologische Untesuchungen der Arda und einiger ihrer Nebenflüsse. - Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus., 17: 5-49 (In Bulgarian). RUSSEV B. 1967. Hydrobiological Studies of the Maritsa. II. Saprobiological assessment for the years 1965 and 1966. – Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus., 25: 87-99 (In Bulgarian). RUSSEV B., I. YANEVA. 1975. Hydrofaunistic studies of some water bodies of the Rhodopa. – In: (G. Peshev ed.) La Faune des Rhodopes. Matériaux, Edit. Bulg. Acad. Sci., Sofia, 11-39 (In Bulgarian). SUBCHEV M., L. STANIMIROVA. 1986. Distribution of freshwater crayfishes (Crustacea: Astacidae) and the epibionts of the genus Branchiobdella (Annelida: Branchiobdellidae), Hystricosoma chappuisi Michaelsen, 1926 (Annelida: Oligochaeta) and Nitrocella divaricata (Crustacea: Copepoda) in Bulgaria. – Hist. Nat. Bulg., 9: 5-18 (In Bulgarian)
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TIMM T. 1987. Aquatic Oligochaeta of the Northwestern Part of the USSR. Estonian Acad. Sci., Valgus, Tallin, 299 p. (In Russian) UZUNOV Y. 1976. Study on Water Representatives of the Class Oligochaeta in Bulgaria. – Hydrobiologia, 4: 71-75 (In Bulgarian). UZUNOV Y. 1980. Water Oligochets (Oligochaeta Limicola) from some Bulgarian Rivers. Frequency and Domination. - Hydrobiologia, 12: 79-89 (In Bulgarian). UZUNOV Y., L. KAPUSTINA. 1993. Current Review on Oligochaeta from Macrozoobenthic Communities of the Bulgarian Rivers. - Lauterbornia, 13: 73-83. UZUNOV Y., S. KOVACHEV. 1986. Influence of the Urea Top Dressing of Forest Water Catchment Areas on the Biological Sufficiency and Water Quality in Mountain Streams. II. Composition, Abundance and Structure of the Benthic Communities. – Hydrobiologia, 28: 46-60 (In Bulgarian). UZUNOV Y., S. KOVACHEV, K. KUMANSKI, J. LUDSKANOVA-NIKOLOVA. 1998. Aquatic Ecosystems of the Aegean and Black Sea Basins. - In: (C. Meine ed.) Bulgaria’s Biological Diversity: Conservation Status and Needs Assessment, Washington D.C., Biodiversity Support Program, 1-2: 291-318. UZUNOV Y., E. VARADINOVA. 2000a. Oligochaeta Limicola from glacial lakes of the Pirin Mountain National Park (Bulgaria). - Lauterbornia, 38: 101-104. UZUNOV Y., E. VARADINOVA. 2000b. Aquatic Oligochaeta from glacial lakes of the Rila Mountains National Park (Bulgaria) - In: (eds. V. Golemansky & W. Najdenov) Biodiversity, Evolution and Conservation of Glacial Water Ecosystems in Rila Mountains, MOEW, Sofia: 41-45. VODENICHAROV D. 1964. Biological characteristics. – In: Lakes in Bulgaria, Tr. Inst. Hydrol. & Meteorol., 26, 240 p. (In Bulgarian). YANEVA I., Y. VIDINOVA, V. TYUFEKCHIEVA. 2001. Contemporary Saprobiological Characteristics of Arda River in the Section of Future “Gorna Arda” Cascade Building. – Acta zool. bulg., 53(2): 37-46. Author’s address: Yordan UZUNOV Central Laboratory of General Ecology, BASc 2, Gagarin Street 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria e-mail:
[email protected]
Преглед върху водните олигохети (Oligochaeta Limicola) от водни тела в планината Родопи (България) Йордан УЗУНОВ (Р е з ю м е) Настоящата статия представя данни за видовете анелиди, известни още като водни олигохети (Oligochaeta Limicola), намерени в повърхностните водни тела (реки, езера, язовири) в Родопите. По-голямата част от приведените данни са резултат от определенията на автора по материали, предоставяни му от колеги и събирани през последните 30 години. Част от данните са приведени по литературни източници (in litteris) от предходни проучвания на други автори като ČERNOSVITOV (1937), SUBCHEV & STANIMIROVA (1986), DIMITROV (поредица публикации), JANEVA (1989), YANEVA et al. (2001) и други. Общо 74 вида от 42 рода на 9 семейства водни олигохети са установени досега в проучените общо 74 пункта по водните тела на водосборните басейни на реките Арда, Марица и Места. От тях 14 вида са известни само по литературни източници и тяхното участие в хидрофауната на Родопите засега не бе потвърдено. За пръв път за родопската фауна се съобщават общо 10 вида водни олигохети.
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Beron P. (ed). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Review of the species of the phylum Acanthocephala recorded from the Bulgarian part of the Rhodopes Mountains
ZLATKA M. DIMITROVA, BOYKO B. GEORGIEV, TODOR GENOV
Dimitrova Z., B. Georgiev, T. Genov. 2006. Review of the species of the phylum Acanthocephala recorded from the Bulgarian part of the Rhodope Mountains. – In: Beron P. (ed.) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 249-254. Abstract. A review of acanthocephalan species recorded from the Bulgarian part of the Rhodope Mountains is presented. A total of 11 species were reported: four from fish, one from amphibian, five from birds and one from mammal. They belong to seven genera, six families, four orders and 2 classes. As hosts, 19 vertebrate species were recorded: five fish, three amphibian, 10 avian and one mammalian species. A host-parasite list is presented. Key words: Acanthocephala, fishes, amphibians, birds, mammals, Rhodope Mts, Bulgaria.
Introduction The present review includes the acanthocephalan species recorded from the Rhodope Mts until 2005. The species list is arranged according to the classification proposed by AMIN (1985). The synonyms used only in the Bulgarian helminthological publications are presented. The nomenclature of the hosts follows KARAPETKOVA & ZHIVKOV (1995) (fishes), BESHKOV & NANEV (2002) (amphibians), SIMEONOV & MICHEV (1991) (birds) and POPOV & SEDEVCHEV (2003) (mammals).
List of acanthocephalan species from the Rhodopes Mountains Class Archiacanthocephala Order Gigantorhynchida Family Gigantorhynchidae Genus Mediorhynchus Van Cleave, 1916 (1) Mediorhynchus papillosus Van Cleave, 1916 – recorded from Lullula arborea, Hirundo rustica, Oenanthe oenanthe and Emberiza hortulana at Asenovgrad Region, W. Rhodopes (TSACHEVA, 1967).
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(2) Mediorhynchus rodensis Cosin, 1971 – recorded from Garrulus glandarius at Eleshnitsa, W. Rhodopes (DIMITROVA, 1999; DIMITROVA et al., 2000). Order Oligacanthorhynchida Family Oligacanthorhynchidae Genus Macracanthorhynchus Travassos, 1917 (3) Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (Pallas, 1781) Travassos, 1917 – recorded from Sus scrofa in Zhenda Hunting Reserve, E. Rhodopes (MUTAFOVA et al., 2004) and in Velingrad Region (Karkariya), W. Rhodopes (DIMITROVA, 1969); from Sus scrofa f. domestica at Krumovgrad, E. Rhodopes (POPOV et al., 1960) and in Gotse Delchev Region (Garmen and Dabnitsa), W. Rhodopes (DIMITROVA, 1964). Class Palaeacanthocephala Order Echinorhynchida Family Echinorhynchidae Genus Acanthocephalus Koelreuther, 1771 (4) Acanthocephalus anguillae (Müller, 1789) Lühe, 1911 – recorded from Barbus cyclolepis and Leuciscus cephalus in Chepinska River, W. Rhodopes (MARGARITOV, 19631964); from Rutilus rutilus in Bistritsa River, W. Rhodopes (MARGARITOV, 1963-1964). (5) Acanthocephalus ranae (Schrank, 1788) Lühe, 1911 – recorded from Bombina variegata in Asenovgrad Region, W. Rhodopes (BOZHKOV, 1965), the Mesta Valley, W. Rhodopes (BACHVAROV et al., 1976); from Rana ridibunda in Kardjali Region, E. Rhodopes (BACHVAROV, 1965), Gotse Delchev Region (BOZHKOV, 1962), Asenovgrad Region (BOZHKOV, 1965), Plovdiv Region (Khrabrino, Mostovo, Dobrostan) (BACHVAROV et al., 1975a), Velingrad Region (BACHVAROV et al., 1975b), Mesta Valley (BACHVAROV et al., 1976), W. Rhodopes; from R. dalmatina in Asenovgrad Region, W. Rhodopes (BOZHKOV, 1965), in Plovdiv Region (Khrabrino, Mostovo, Dobrostan), W. Rhodopes (BACHVAROV et al., 1975a). (6) Acanthocephalus tenuirostris (Achmerov & Dombrowskaja-Achmerova, 1941) Yamaguti, 1963 (= Paracanthocephalus tenuirostris Achmerov & DombrowskajaAshmerova, 1941) – recorded from Barbus meridionalis petenyi and Leuciscus cephalus in Mesta River (the mouth of Kanina River, at Gospodintsi and Khvostyane), W. Rhodopes (KAKACHEVA-AVRAMOVA, 1962). (7) Metechinorhynchus truttae (Schrank, 1788) Petrochenko, 1956 – recorded from Salmo trutta fario in Devinska and Sarneshka River, W. Rhodopes (KAKACHEVAAVRAMOVA & NEDEVA-MENKOVA, 1978, 1982). Family Pomphorhynchidae Genus Pomphorhynchus Monticelli, 1905 (8) Pomphorhynchus laevis (Zoega in Müller, 1776) – recorded from Barbus meridionalis petenyi and Leu ciscus cephalus in Mesta River, W. Rhodopes (KAKACHEVA-AVRAMOVA, 1962).
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Order Polymorphida Family Centrorhynchidae Van Cleave, 1916 (9) Sphaerirostris areolatus (Rudolphi, 1819) Golvan, 1956 (= Centrorhynchus areolatus (Rudolphi, 1819)) – recorded from Erithacus megarhynchos, Turdus merula and Fringilla coelebs in Asenovgrad Region, W. Rhodopes (TSACHEVA, 1967). (10) Sphaerirostris scanensis Lundström, 1942 (= Centrorhynchus scanensis (Lundström, 1942)) – recorded from Turdus merula in Gotse Delchev Region, W. Rhodopes (TSACHEVA, 1965). Family Plagiorhynchidae Genus Plagiorhynchus Lühe, 1911 (11) Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cylindraceus (Goeze, 1782) Schmidt & Kuntz, 1966 (= Prosthorhynchus transversus (Rudolphi, 1819) Travassos, 1926; Prosthorhynchus genitopapillatus Lundström, 1942) – recorded from Turdus merula and Sturnus vulgaris in Gotse Delchev Region, W. Rhodopes (TSACHEVA, 1965) and Asenovgrad Region (TSACHEVA, 1967); from Turdus viscivorus in Gotse Delchev Region, W. Rhodopes (TSACHEVA, 1965); from Erithacus megarhynchos in Asenovgrad Region, W. Rhodopes (TSACHEVA, 1967).
Host-parasite checklist Class Teleostei Order Salmoniformes Family Salmonidae Salmo trutta fario Linnaeus Metechinorhynchus truttae Order Cypriniformes Family Cyprinidae Barbus meridionalis petenyi Heckel Acanthocephalus tenuirostris Pomphorhynchus laevis Barbus cyclolepis Heckel Acanthocephalus anguillae Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus) Acanthocephalus anguillae Acanthocephalus tenuirostris Pomphorhynchus laevis Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus) Acanthocephalus anguillae
Class Amphibia Order Anura Family Discoglossidae Bombina variegata (Linnaeus) Acanthocephalus ranae Family Ranidae Rana dalmatina Fitzinger in Bonaparte Acanthocephalus ranae Rana ridibunda Pallas Acanthocephalus ranae Class Aves Order Passeriformes Family Alaudidae Lullula arborea (Linnaeus) Mediorhynchus papillosus Family Hirundinidae Hirundo rustica Linnaeus Mediorhynchus papillosus Family Muscicapidae Erithacus megarhynchos (Linnaeus) Sphaerirostris areolatus Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cylindraceus
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Oenanthe oenanthe (Linnaeus) Mediorhynchus papillosus Turdus merula Linnaeus Sphaerirostris areolatus Sphaerirostris scanensis Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cylindraceus Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cylindraceus Family Emberizidae Emberiza hortulana Linnaeus Mediorhynchus papillosus Family Fringillidae Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus Sphaerirostris areolatus
Family Sturnidae Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cylindraceus Family Corvidae Garrulus glandarius (Linnaeus) Mediorhynchus rodensis Class Mammalia Order Artiodactyla Family Suidae Sus scrofa Linnaeus Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus Sus scrofa f. dom. Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus
Discussion Most of the studies summarised in the present review aim to reveal the species composition of helminth parasites of fish (KAKACHEVA-AVRAMOVA, 1962; MARGARITOV, 1963-1964; KAKACHEVA-AVRAMOVA & NEDEVA-MENKOVA, 1978, 1982) and amphibians (BOZHKOV, 1962, 1965; BACHVAROV, 1965; BACHVAROV et al., 1975a, 1975b, 1976). The helminth parasites of birds were studied in the regions of Gotse Delchev (TSACHEVA, 1965) and of Asenovgrad (TSACHEVA, 1967) including the adjacent lower parts of Rhodope Mts. The studies on the remaining host groups were scarce. Summarised data are presented in the monograph on the helminth parasites of freshwater fish in Bulgaria (KAKACHEVA-AVRAMOVA, 1983), the catalogue of the amphibian parasites (BACHVAROV, 1977) and the survey of avian acanthocephalans in this country (DIMITROVA et al., 2000). As seen from the above survey, 11 acanthocephalan species were recorded from the Rhodope Mountains. Four of them are of fish hosts and 5 are of avian hosts; only 1 is amphibian and 1 is mammalian. The acanthocephalans recorded belong to 7 genera, 6 families, 4 orders and 2 classes. As hosts, 19 vertebrate species were recorded. These are 5 fish, 3 amphibian, 10 avian and 1 mammalian species. The acanthocephalan species recorded in the Rhodope Mts represent about 21% of the fauna of the group in Bulgaria. The expected number of species of this group is probably about twice as large. Further species can be expected mostly from the poorly studied avian hosts.
References AMIN O. M. 1985. Classification. In: CROMPTON, D. W. T., NICKOL, B. B. (Eds): Biology of the Acanthocephala, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 27-72. BACHVAROV G. 1965. Helminth fauna of anuran amphibians from Kardjali Region. – Izv. Tsentr. Khelmintol. Lab., 10: 145 - 153. (In Bulgarian).
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BACHVAROV G. 1977. Catalogue of the amphibian helminths in Bulgaria. Plovdiv Univ. “P. Khilendarski”, Plovdiv, 54 p. (In Bulgarian). BACHVAROV G., P. PETROV, B. CHOCHEV. 1975a. Contribution to the knowledge of helminth fauna of anuran amphibians (Amphibia - Ecaudata) in Plovdiv Region. II. – Nauch. Tr. Plovdiv. Univ. “P. Khilendarski”, 13 (4): 41 - 51. (In Bulgarian). BACHVAROV G., P. PETROV, B. CHOCHEV. 1975b. Contribution to the knowledge of helminth fauna of anuran amphibians (Amphibia - Ecaudata) in Velingrad District. – Nauch. Tr. Plovdiv. Univ. “P. Khilendarski”, 13 (4): 53 - 64. (In Bulgarian). BACHVAROV G., P. PETROV, B. CHOCHEV. 1976. Contribution to the knowledge of helminth fauna of anuran amphibians from the Mesta valley. – Nauch. Tr. Plovdiv. Univ. “P. Khilendarski”, 14 (4): 15 - 28. (In Bulgarian). BESHKOV V., K. NANEV. 2002. [Amphibians and reptiles in Bulgaria]. Publ. House “Pensoft”, SofiaMoscow, 120 p. (In Bulgarian). BOZHKOV D. 1962. On the helminth fauna of some amphibians and reptiles. – In: Natural foci of infection in Petrich and Gotse Delchev Regions. Publ. House Bulg. Acad. Sci., Sofia, 185 - 189. (In Bulgarian). BOZHKOV D. 1965. Helminths of the amphibians in the Thrace. – In: Fauna of the Thrace. Part 2. Publ. House Bulg. Acad. Sci., Sofia, 157-182 (In Bulgarian). DIMITROVA E. 1964. Helminth fauna of the Mangalitsa swine in Bulgaria. – Izv. Tsentr. Khelmintol. Lab., 9: 57 - 68 (In Bulgarian). DIMITROVA E. 1969. Helminth fauna of the wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) in Bulgaria. – Izv. Tsentr. Khelmintol. Lab., 13: 169 - 183 (In Bulgarian). DIMITROVA Z. M. 1999. Some species of the genus Mediorhynchus Van Cleave, 1916 from Bulgarian birds. – Vestn. Zool., 33 (1-2): 13 - 22. DIMITROVA Z. M., B. B. GEORGIEV, T. GENOV. 2000. Review of the avian acanthocephalans from Bulgaria. – Acta zool. bulg., 52 (3): 3 - 22. KAKACHEVA-AVRAMOVA D. 1962. Helminthological study of fishes from the rivers Strouma, Stroumeshnitsa and Mesta. – In: Natural foci of infection in Petrich and Gotse Delchev Regions. Publ. House Bulg. Acad. Sci., Sofia, 191-217. (In Bulgarian). KAKACHEVA-AVRAMOVA D. 1983. [Helminths of freshwater fishes in Bulgaria]. Publ. House Bulg. Acad. Sci., Sofia, 261 p. (In Bulgarian). KAKACHEVA-AVRAMOVA D., I. NEDEVA-MENKOVA. 1978. Helminthological study of fishes from Rhodope Rivers. – Khelmintologiya, 6: 44 - 53. (In Bulgarian). KAKACHEVA-AVRAMOVA D., I. NEDEVA-MENKOVA. 1982. Helminths in trouts (Fam. Salmonidae) from fresh-water basins. – Vet. Sci., 19 (5): 78 - 84. (In Bulgarian). KARAPETKOVA M., M. ZHIVKOV. 1995. [The fishes in Bulgaria]. Geya-Libris, Sofia, 247 p. (In Bulgarian). MARGARITOV N. M. 1963-1964. Intestinal helminths of the fishes from the middle part of Maritsa and its tributaries. – Godishnik na Sofiyskiya Universitet, Biol. Nauk, 58 (1): 129 - 150. (In Bulgarian). MUTAFOVA T., V. NANEV, D. KHRUSANOV, I. TODEV, L. NEDKOVA. 2004. Helminth fauna of the wild boar from the mountain regions of the Eastern Bulgaria. – Vet. Sbirka, 5 - 6: 19-21 (In Bulgarian). POPOV A., Y. DENEV, D. BANKOV, K. STOIMENOV, G. ANGELOV, N. BOZHILOV. 1960. Studies on the macracanthorhynchosis of swine in Bulgaria. – Izv. Tsentr. Khelmintol. Lab., 5: 101-116. (In Bulgarian). POPOV V., A. SEDEVCHEV. 2003. [The mammals in Bulgaria. Guide]. - Geosoft, Sofia, 291 p. (In Bulgarian). SIMEONOV S., T. MICHEV. 1991. [The birds of the Balkan Peninsula. Field guide]. Petar Beron Publ. House, Sofia, 250 p. (In Bulgarian). TSACHEVA K. 1965. Contribution to the knowledge of the helminth fauna of wild birds in the region of Petrich and Gotse Delchev. Acanthocephala. – Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus., 19: 167-171 (In Bulgarian). TSACHEVA K. 1967. Contribution to the knowledge of helminth fauna of wild birds in Thrace. Acanthocephala. - Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus., 23: 175 - 181. (In Bulgarian).
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Addresses of the authors: Zlatka M. Dimitrova Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Thracian University, Student Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora Bulgaria, E-mail:
[email protected] Boyko B. Georgiev Central Laboratory of General Ecology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113 Sofia Bulgaria, E-mail
[email protected] Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK, e-mail:
[email protected] Todor Genov Central Laboratory of General Ecology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113 Sofia Bulgaria, E-mail
[email protected]
Преглед на видовете от тип Acanthocephala, съобщени от българската част на Родопите Златка М. ДИМИТРОВА, Бойко Б. ГЕОРГИЕВ, Тодор ГЕНОВ (Р е з ю м е) Представен е преглед на видовете акантоцефали, съобщени от българската част на Родопите. Съобщени са 11 вида акантоцефали: 4 от риби, 1 от земноводни, 5 от птици и 1 от бозайници. Те принадлежат към 7 рода, 6 семейства, 4 разреда и 2 класа. Деветнадесет вида гръбначни животни са съобщени като гостоприемници на установените видове акантоцефалите: 5 вида риби, 3 вида земноводни, 10 вида птици и 1 вид бозайници. Включен е списък на гостоприемниците на акантоцефалите, установени в Родопите.
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Lower free-living and stygobiont Crustaceans (Cladocera, Calanoida, Copepoda, Syncarida and Amphipoda) from the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
IVAN PANDOURSKI
Pandurski I. 2006. Lower free-living and stygobiont Crustaceans (Cladocera, Calanoida, Copepoda, Syncarida and Amphipoda) from Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P. (ed) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 255-267. Abstract. This paper gives data on the species composition and distribution of 96 lower freeliving crustaceans of the Western Rhodopes . The stygobiont fauna includes eleven species: two cyclopids, three harpacticoids and six higher crustaceans. Short notes on the taxonomic status and origin of some species are given. Key words: Crustacea, Western Rhodopes, Bulgaria, stygobionts, species composition.
Introduction The main studies on the crustaceans of the Western Rhodopes were part of the zooplankton research after the middle of the last century. The structure and seasonal dynamics of zooplankton communities of four big dams and many landslides lakes and microreservoirs were established. At the same time, the stygobiological research has had a sporadic character and many large territories are still insufficiently studied and the subterranean fauna is unknown.
Species composition and remarks Cladocera Anomopoda Daphniidae Daphnia (Daphnia) pulex (s. str.) Leydig, 1860 Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1964), Chairski lakes (Sini vir lake) (Naidenow, 1975), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983).
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Daphnia (Daphnia) curvirostris Eylmann, 1887 Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962; 1964), Smolyanski lakes (NAIDENOW, 1975), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983). Daphnia (Daphnia) longispina (s. lat.) O. F. Müller, 1776 Distribution: Batak Dam, Beglika Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962; 1964), Smolyanski lakes, Chairski lakes (Sini vir lake) (NAIDENOW, 1975), Dospat Dam (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1977), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983). Daphnia (Daphnia) hyalina (s. lat.) Leydig, 1860 Distribution: Batak, Beglika and Vassil Kolarov Dams (NAIDENOW, 1962; 1964), Smolyanski lakes (NAIDENOW, 1975), Dospat Dam (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1977), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983). Daphnia (Daphnia) galeata Sars, 1863 Distribution: Smolyanski lakes (NAIDENOW, 1975), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983). Daphnia (Daphnia) rosea Sars, 1862 Distribution: Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983). Daphnia (Daphnia) pulicaria Forbes, 1893 Distribution: Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983). Daphnia (Daphnia) cucullata Sars, 1862 Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1976). Daphnia (Daphnia) middendorfiana (Fischer, 1851) Distribution: Smolyanski lakes, Chairski lakes (Sini vir lake) (NAIDENOW, 1975), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983). Ceriodaphnia reticulata (s. lat.) (Jurine, 1820) Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962), Smolyanski lakes, Chairski lakes (Sini vir lake) (NAIDENOW, 1975), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983). Ceriodaphnia pulchella G. O. Sars, 1862 Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962), Smolyanski lakes (NAIDENOW, 1975), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983). Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (s. lat.) O. F. Müller, 1785 Distribution: Batak and Beglika Dams (NAIDENOW, 1962; 1964), Smolyanski lakes (NAIDENOW, 1975), Dospat Dam (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1977), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983).
Crustaceans
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Ceriodaphnia dubia Richard, 1894 Distribution: Smolyanski lakes, Chairski lakes (Sini vir lake) (NAIDENOW, 1975), Dospat Dam (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1977), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983). Scapholeberis mucronata O. F. Müller, 1785 Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962). Scapholeberis kingi Sars, 1903 Distribution: Smolyanski lakes (NAIDENOW, 1975). Simocephalus vetulus O. F. Müller, 1776 Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1964), Smolyanski lakes, Chairski lakes (Sini vir lake) (NAIDENOW, 1975), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983). Simocephalus exspinosus congener Schoedler, 1858 Distribution: Smolyanski lakes (NAIDENOW, 1975), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983). Moinidae Moina rectirostris Leydig, 1860 Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962). Moina macrocopa (Straus, 1820) Distribution: Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983). Bosminidae Bosmina (Bosmina) longirostris (s. lat.) (O. F. Müller, 1785) Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962), Smolyanski lakes, Chairski lakes (Sini vir lake) (NAIDENOW, 1975), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983), Dospat Dam (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1977). Bosmina (Eubosmina) longicornis Schödler, 1866 Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962). Bosmina (Eubosmina) coregoni (s. lat.) Baird, 1857 Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962). Macrothoricidae Lathonura rectirostris (O. F. Müller, 1785) Distribution: Chairski lakes (Sini vir lake) (NAIDENOW, 1975). Streblocerrus serricaudatus (Fischer, 1849) Distribution: Chairski lakes (Sini vir lake) (NAIDENOW, 1975).
258
I. PANDOURSKI Chydoridae Euricercus lamellatus (O. F. Müller, 1785) Distribution: Batak Dam, Beglika Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962).
Acroperus harpae harpae (Baird, 1837) Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962), Smolyanski lakes (NAIDENOW, 1975), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983). Alona quadrangularis (O. F. Müller, 1785) Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962), Smolyanski lakes (NAIDENOW, 1975), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983). Alona costata G. O. Sars, 1862 Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962), Smolyanski lakes (NAIDENOW, 1975), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983). Alona guttata G. O. Sars, 1862 Distribution: Smolyanski lakes, Chairski lakes (Sini vir lake) (NAIDENOW, 1975). Alona rustica Scott, 1895 Distribution: Smolyanski lakes (NAIDENOW, 1975), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983). Alona intermedia G. O. Sars, 1862 Distribution: Beglika Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962). Alona rectangula G. O. Sars, 1862 Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962), Smolyanski lakes, Chairski lakes (Sini vir lake) (NAIDENOW, 1975), Dospat Dam (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1977). Alona affinis Leydig, 1860 Distribution: Smolyanski lakes (NAIDENOW, 1975), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983), Dospat Dam (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1977). Rhynchotalona rostrata Koch, 1841 Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962). Oxyurella tenuicaudis Sars, 1862 Distribution: Smolyanski lakes, Chairski lakes (Sini vir lake) (NAIDENOW, 1975). Leydigia leydigii (Leydig, 1860) Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962). Graptolebris testudinaria (Fischer, 1848) Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962).
Crustaceans
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Alonella nana (Baird, 1850) Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962), Smolyanski lakes, Chairski lakes (Sini vir lake) (NAIDENOW, 1975). Alonella excisa (Fischer, 1854) Distribution: Smolyanski lakes, Chairski lakes (Sini vir lake) (NAIDENOW, 1975). Pleuroxus trigonellus O. F. Müller, 1785 Distribution: Smolyanski lakes (NAIDENOW, 1975); Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983). Chydorus ovalis Kurz, 1874 Distribution: Batak and Beglika Dams (NAIDENOW, 1962). Chydorus latus Sars, 1862 Distribution: Smolyanski lakes (NAIDENOW, 1975), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983). Chydorus piger Sars, 1862 Distribution: Smolyanski lakes (NAIDENOW, 1975), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983). Chydorus sphaericus (O. F. Müller, 1785) Distribution: Batak, Beglika and Vassil Kolarov Dams (NAIDENOW, 1962), Smolyanski lakes, Chairski lakes (Sini vir lake) (NAIDENOW, 1975), Dospat Dam (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1977). Ctenopoda Diaptomidae Diaphanosoma brachyurum (Lievin, 1848) Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1976). Calanoida Eudiaptomus vulgaris (Schmeil,1898) Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962), Dospat Dam (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1977), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983). Mixodiaptomus tatricus (Wierzejski, 1883) Distribution: Smolyanski lakes (NAIDENOW, 1975), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983).
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Copepoda Cyclopoida Cyclopidae Macrocyclops fuscus (Jurine, 1820) Distribution: Batak and Beglika Dams (NAIDENOW, 1962), Smolyanski lakes (NAIDENOW, 1975), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983). Macrocyclops albidus (Jurine, 1820) Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983). Eucyclops serrulatus serrulatus (Fischer, 1851) Distribution: Batak and Beglika Dams (NAIDENOW, 1962), Smolyanski lakes, Chairski lakes (Sini vir lake) (NAIDENOW, 1975), Lepenitsa cave near Velingrad (PANDOURSKI, 2000). Eucyclops serrulatus proximus (Lilljeborg, 1901) Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983), ground waters near Bachkovski monastery (NAIDENOW, 1967). Eucyclops graeteri graeteri (Chappuis, 1927) Distribution: Manuilova cave near Ribnovo Village (PANDOURSKI, 1992). Ectocyclops phaleratus (Koch, 1838) Distribution: Smolyanski lakes (NAIDENOW, 1975), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983). Paracyclops fimbriatus fimbriatus (Fischer, 1853) Distribution: Lepenitsa cave near Velingrad (PANDOURSKI, 2000). Paracyclops fimbriatus (s. lat.) (Fischer, 1853) Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1976), Gargina dupka cave near Mostovo village, Yagodinska cave near Yagodina village, Sbirkova cave near Progled village (PANDOURSKI, 1992). Paracyclops affinis (Sars, 1863) Distribution: Smolyanski lakes, Chairski lakes (Sini vir lake) (Naidenow, 1975). Tropocyclops prasinus (Fischer, 1860) Distribution: Batak, Beglika and Vassil Kolarov Dams (NAIDENOW, 1962), Smolyanski lakes, Chairski lakes (Sini vir lake) (NAIDENOW, 1975), Manuilova cave near Ribnovo Village (PANDOURSKI, 1990). Cyclops strenuus strenuus (Fischer, 1851) Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962), Chairski lakes (Sini vir lake) (NAIDENOW, 1975), Lepenitsa cave near Velingrad (PANDOURSKI, 2000).
Crustaceans
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Cyclops abyssorum tatricus (Kozminski, 1927) Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962). Cyclops vicinus Uljanin, 1875 Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962), Smolyanski lakes (NAIDENOW, 1975), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983), Dospat Dam (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1977). Megacyclops viridis (Jurine, 1820) Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962), Smolyanski lakes, Chairski lakes (Sini vir lake) (NAIDENOW, 1975), Dospat Dam (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1977), interstitial waters in the valley of Novomahlenska river south of Peshtera (PANDOURSKI, 1994). Acanthocyclops vernalis vernalis (Fischer, 1853) Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962), Smolyanski lakes (NAIDENOW, 1975), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983), Dospat Dam (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1977), Lepenitsa cave near Velingrad (PANDOURSKI, 2000). Acanthocyclops robustus (G. O. Sars, 1863) Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962), Smolyanski lakes (NAIDENOW, 1975), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983). Acanthocyclops strimonis (Pandourski, 1994) Distribution: Lepenitsa cave near Velingrad (PANDOURSKI, 2000). Remarks: stygobiont species. Diacyclops bicuspidatus (Claus, 1857) Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962). Diacyclops crassicaudis crassicaudis (Sars, 1863) Distribution: Novata cave near Peshtera (PANDOURSKI, 1994). Diacyclops languidus languidus (Sars, 1863) Distribution: Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983). Diacyclops languidoides languidoides (Lilljeborg, 1901) Distribution: interstitial waters, the valley of Novomahlenska river south of Peshtera (PANDOURSKI, 1994). Mesocyclops leickarti (Claus, 1857) Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962). Thermocyclops dybowskii (Lande, 1890) Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1962), Smolyanski lakes (NAIDENOW, 1975), Trigrad-Yagodina region (NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983).
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Speocyclops rhodopensis Pandourski, 1992 Distribution: Sbirkova cave near Progled Village and Lednitsata cave near Gela Village (PANDOURSKI, 1992, 1994). Remarks: stygobiont species. Harpacticoida Ameiridae Nitocrella hirta Chappuis, 1923 Distribution: Chudnite mostove locality (MIHAILOVA-NEIKOVA, 1968). Canthocamptidae Canthocamptus staphylinus staphylinus (Jurine, 1820) Distribution: Batak Dam (NAIDENOW, 1964). Moraria poppei (Mrazek, 1894) Distribution: Chudnite mostove locality (APOSTOLOV, 1989). Paracamptus schmeili (Mrazek, 1894) Distribution: Chudnite mostove locality (MIHAILOVA-NEIKOVA, 1968, APOSTOLOV, 1989). Echinocamptus (s. str.) pilosus (Van Douwe, 1910) Distribution: springs near Asenovgrad (BASSAMAKOV, 1965). Echinocamptus (s. str.) georgevitchi (Chappuis, 1924) Distribution: springs near Asenovgrad (BASSAMAKOV, 1965). Bryocamptus (s.str.) tarnogradskyi Borutzky, 1934 Distribution: inhabits wet mosses on limestone rocks near Asenovgrad (BASSAMAKOV, 1965). Bryocamptus (Rheocamptus) spinulosus Borutzky, 1934 Distribution: Yagodinska cave, Yagodina Village (PANDOURSKI, 1990). Bryocamptus (Rheocamptus) zschokkei zschokkei (Schmeil, 1893) Distribution: Chudnite mostove locality, regions of Asenovgrad and Velingrad, (MIHAILOVA-NEIKOVA, 1964, 1968) Smolyanski lakes (APOSTOLOV, 1989). Bryocamptus (Rheocamptus) zschokkei tatrensis (Minkiewicz, 1916) Distribution: near Kabata Hut (MIHAILOVA-NEIKOVA, 1968), Smolyanski lakes (APOSTOLOV, 1989). Bryocamptus (Rheocamptus) pygmaeus (G. O. Sars, 1863) (s. lat.) Distribution: common in hyporeic waters, springs and wet mosses (MIHAILOVANEIKOVA, 1968), Smolyanski lakes (APOSTOLOV, 1989).
Crustaceans
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Bryocamptus (Rheocamptus) typhlops (Mrazek, 1893) Distribution: near Momina Salza Hut (BASSAMAKOV, 1965). Bryocamptus (Arcticocamptus) arndti (Kiefer, 1924) Distribution: the locality is not mentioned (MIHAILOVA-NEIKOVA, 1968). Bryocamptus (Arcticocamptus) laccophilus (Kessler, 1914) Distribution: Kabata Hut (BASSAMAKOV, 1965). Bryocamptus (Limocamptus) echinatus (Mrazek, 1893) Distribution: artificial pond near Murgavets Summit, Pamporovo (APOSTOLOV, 1989). Bryocamptus (Limocamptus) hoferi (Van Douwe, 1908) Distribution: near Momina Salza Hut (BASSAMAKOV, 1965) Bryocamptus (Limocamptus) dacicus (Chappuis, 1923) Distribution: near Bachkovski monastery (MIHAILOVA-NEIKOVA, 1968). Maraenobiotus brucei carpathicus Chappuis, 1928 Distribution: Chudnite mostove locality (BASSAMAKOV, 1965). Maraenobiotus vejdovskyi truncatus Gurney, 1932 Distribution: Chudnite mostove locality (APOSTOLOV, 1989). Maraenobiotus bulbiseta Bassamakov & Apostolov, 1988 Distribution: Yagodinska cave, Yagodina Village (BASSAMAKOV & APOSTOLOV, 1988). Remarks: stygobiont and Bulgarian endemic species. Attheyella (s. str.) wierzeiskyi (Mrazek, 1893) Distribution: near Kabata Hut (BASSAMAKOV, 1965). Attheyella (s. str.) wierzeiskyi crenophila Damian, 1955 Distribution: artificial pond near Murgavets Summit, Pamporovo, Smolyanski lakes (APOSTOLOV, 1989). Attheyella (s. str.) sp. Distribution: surroundings of Asenovgrad and Velingrad (BASSAMAKOV, 1965; MIHAILOVA-NEIKOVA, 1968). Elaphoidella angelovi Michailova-Neikova, 1969 Distribution: Gorna Karanska dupka cave, Yagodina village (MIHAILOVA-NEIKOVA, 1969). Remarks: stygobiont and local endemic species.
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I. PANDOURSKI Elaphoidella elaphoides (Chappuis, 1924) Distribution: Sbirkova cave, Progled Village (PANDOURSKI, 1990) Remarks: stygobiont species.
Syncarida Bathynellacea Parabathynellidae Hexabathynella hebrica (Cvetkov & Petrova, 1964) Distribution: spring near the Bachkovski monastery (CVETKOV & PETROVA, 1964). Remarks: stygobiont and Bulgarian endemic species. The actual distribution of Hexabathynellids in the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula marks the last Paratethys transgression from the Late Miocene (PANDOURSKI & OGNJANOVA, 2001). Hexabathynella longiappendiculata (Cvetkov, 1970) Distribution: inhabits wells and springs in the surroundings of Bachkovo Village (CVETKOV, 1970). Remarks: stygobiont and Bulgarian endemic species. Syncarida gen. sp. Distribution: Sbirkova cave near Progled Village. Isopoda Asellota Stenasellidae Balkanostenasellus rumelicus (Cvetkov, 1967) Distribution: springs in the region of Asenovgrad (CVETKOV, 1967). Remarks: stygobiont and Bulgarian endemic species. Microparasellidae Microcharon thracicus Cvetkov, 1964 Distribution: the region near Asenovgrad (CVETKOV, 1964). Remarks: stygobiont and Bulgarian endemic species. Amphipoda Gammaridae Niphargus cepelarensis St. & G. Karaman, 1959 Distribution: Sbirkova cave near Progled Village (ANDREEV, 1972). Remarks: stygobiont and local endemic species. Niphargus puteanus puteanus (C. L. Koch, 1836) Distribution: Sbirkova cave near Progled Village (ANDREEV, 1972). Remarks: stygobiont species. According to ANDREEV (1972), the existence of this species in Bulgaria is doubtful because it has not been captured twice in the Sbirkova cave. Usually it was N. cepelarensis captured in this cave.
Crustaceans
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Niphargus sp. Remarks: ANDREEV (1972) reports eight underground localities in the Western Rhodopes. Conclusions Some of the species established in the landslide lakes of the Western Rhodopes are eurytopic and have a wide distribution (NAIDENOW, 1975). These include Ceriodaphnia reticulata, Simocephalus vetulus, Chydorus sphaericus and Macrocyclops fuscus. The genus Daphnia is represented by six species in the Smolyanski lakes. Daphnia middendorfiana has been reported there for the first time in Bulgaria. This species is distributed mainly in the Arctic and Subarctic zones of the Holarctic, but it has also been found in the Alps. Ceriodaphnia dubia is a rare species, which has been found at sea level, in the flood waters of Ropotamo river, Bogdan Island on the Danube, and it reaches the subalpine zone (1530 m asl.) in the Rhodopes. Lathonura rectirostris is distributed south of the Carpathian Mountains in a small number of localities. Streblocerus serricaudatus is found in Rila at altitudes above 2300 m asl. and in Chairski Lakes in the Rhodopes Mountains. Alona rustica is a typical acidophilic species in Bulgarian mountains, and Chydorus piger has been reported for the first time in Bulgaria in the “Gornite Smolyanski ezera” Lakes (between 1590 and 1340 m a.s.l.). The Dams Batak, Dospat, Beglika and Vassil Kolarov are located at medium altitudes. They have a very rich plankton coenosis as their formation continues 3-5 years after the dam construction. About 120 zooplankters (including Rotifers) are established in these reservoirs, but the dominant and subdominant composition is comprised of only about 30 species. The Cladocera represent 50-80% of the total biomass of the zooplankton. The second important group is Copepoda. The seasonal and annual dynamics are not well presented and they follow the dynamics of the phytoplankton. The average annual biomass varies from between 0,2 to 4,0 g/m3. The studies on the stygobiont crustacean fauna of the Western Rhodopes are at an initial stage. Only eleven stygobiont species are known at present (two cyclopids, three harpacticoids and six higher crustaceans). The total number of the lower free-living crustaceans species and subspecies known in the Western Rhodopes (including the five stygobiont copepods) are 96. References APOSTOLOV A., PESCE G. L. 1989. Copépodes harpactocoïdes stygobies de Bulgarie. – Riv. Idrobiol., 28 (12): 113-149. ANDREEV S. 1972. Diffusion du genre Niphargus en Bulgarie et notes taxonomiques sur Niphargus bureschi. – Actes du Ier Colloque International sur le genre Niphargus, Verona, 15-19 Aprile 1969, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, 5: 61-66. BASSAMAKOV I. 1965. Matériaux sur Harpacticoida (Copepoda) en Bulgarie. Tr. Mus. Plovdiv, 4: 9-19 (in Bulgarian) BASSAMAKOV I., APOSTOLOV, A. 1988. Maraenobiotus bulbiseta n. sp., nouvel copépod harpactocoïde cavernicole de la montagne Rhodopie (Sud Bulgarie). – Bull. Mus. of South Bulgaria, 15: 97-103.
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CVETKOV L. 1964. Matériaux sur les isopodes souterrains de Bulgarie. Microcharon apolloniacus n. sp. Microcharon thracicus n. sp. - Bull. Inst. zool. et Musée, Sofia, 16: 201-213 (in Bulgarian) CVETKOV L. 1967. Au sujet de la faune des Stenasellus de la péninsule Balkanique et sur l’origine des Stenasellus. - Bull. Inst. zool. et Musée, Sofia, 23: 139-165 (in Bulgarian) CVETKOV L. 1970. Parabathynella longiappendiculata n. sp. - la cinquième nouvelle espèce de Parabathynella en Bulgarie du Sud. - Comptes rendus de l’Acad. bulg. des Sciences, 23(11): 1409 -1411. CVETKOV L., A. PETROVA. 1964. Un nouveau representant des Syncarides Parabathynella hebrica n. sp. - Bull. de l’Inst. zool. et Musée, Sofia, 16: 191-200 (in Bulgarian) MIHAILOVA-NEIKOVA M. 1964. Some species of Harpacticoida (Copepoda) which are unknown for Bulgaria. - Ann. Univ. Sofia, Fac. de Biologie, 56(1): 125 - 132. MIHAILOVA-NEIKOVA M. 1968. About the Harpacticoida of Bulgaria. - Ann. Univ. Sofia, Fac. de Biologie, 60 (1): 201-222. MIHAILOVA-NEIKOVA M. 1969. Elaphoidella angelovi n. sp. from a cave in the Rhodopes Mountains. – Ann. Univ. Sofia, Fac. de Biologie, 62 (1): 61-70. NAIDENOW W. 1962. Beitrag zur Erforschung der Cladoceren- und Copepodenfauna (Crustacea: Cladocera, Copepoda) in einigen Stauseen Bulgariens. – Bull. Inst. zool. Mus., Sofia, 12: 197-214 (in Bulgarian, summ. Russ., German). NAIDENOW W. 1964. Plankton und Dynamik der führenden Planktonformen im Stausee Batak. – Bull. Inst. zool. Mus., Sofia, 15: 151-183. (in Bulgarian, summ. Russ., German). NAIDENOW W. 1967. Cladoceren und cyclopoide Copepoden aus den Grundgewässern Bulgariens. – Bull. Inst. zool. Mus., 24: 97-101. NAIDENOW W. 1975. Untersuchungen der planktischen Zönosen einiger natürlicher stehender Gewässer in den Rhodopen. – In: La faune des Rhodopes. Matériaux. Ed. Acad. Bulg. des Sciences, Sofia: 41-63. (in Bulgarian) NAIDENOW W. 1976. Einfluss der hydrologischen und hydrochemischen Faktoren auf die Entwicklung des Zooplanktons im Stausee “Batak”. – Hydrobiology, Sofia, 4: 19-35 (in Bulgarian) NAIDENOW W., SAIZ D. 1977. Das Plankton im Stauraum “Dospat” in den ersten Jahren nach der Aufspeicherung. – Hydrobiology, Sofia, 5: 24-37 (in Bulgarian) NAIDENOW W., SAIZ D. 1983. The plankton of stagnant waters in the Trigradsko-Yagodinski region (Central Rhodopes). – Hydrobiology, Sofia, 19: 3-13. PANDOURSKI I. 1990. The Copepods from groundwaters of Middle Iskar basin. – Thesis, Institute of Zoology, Sofia: 146 p. PANDOURSKI I. 1992. Contribution à l’étude des cyclopides (Crustacea, Copepoda) des eaux souterraines karstiques de la Bulgarie avec description du Speocyclops rhodopensis sp. n. - Acta zool. bulg., 45: 92-101. PANDOURSKI I. 1994. Cyclopides (Crustacea, Copepoda) des eaux souterraines de la Bulgarie. III. Distribution et remarques morphologiques sur les cyclopides des sous-familles Eucyclopinae et Cyclopinae. - Hydrobiology, Sofia, 39: 3-16. PANDOURSKI I. 2000. Cyclopides (Crustacea, Copepoda) des eaux souterraines de Bulgarie: distribution et remarques morphologiques. – Historia naturalis bulgarica, 12: 17-27. PANDOURSKI I., N. OGNJANOVA. 2001. Le genre Hexabathynella Schminke, 1972 (Crustacea, Syncarida, Bathynellacea) dans les eaux souterraines de la péninsule Balkanique: distribution et remarques paléozoogéographiques. – Historia naturalis bulgarica, 13: 69-78. Author’s address: Dr. Ivan Pandourski Institute of Zoology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Нисши свободноживеещи и стигобионтни ракообразни (Cladocera, Calanoida, Copepoda, Syncarida and Amphipoda) от Западните Родопи (България) Иван ПАНДУРСКИ (Р е з ю м е) Фаунистичните изследвания върху нисшите, свободно-живеещи ракообразни в Западните Родопи започват след средата на миналия век, като част от проучването на зоопланктона в четири големи западно-родопски язовира, микроязовири и свлачищните Смолянски и Чаирски езера. Проследени са процесите на формиране на ракообразните съобщества в първите години след построяване на язовирите. Проучванията върху копеподите, населяващи влажните мъхове, налепи по скали и подземните води имат случаен характер. Установени са общо 96 вида и подвида кладоцери и копеподи. Подземната фауна на Западните Родопи до момента включва 11 вида нисши и висши ракообразни.
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Ephemeroptera
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Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Insecta) from the Rhodopes Mountains (Bulgaria and Greece)
YANKA VIDINOVA
Vidinova Y. 2006. Mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Insecta) from the Rhodopes Mountains (Bulgaria and Greece) – In: Beron P. (ed) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 269-281. Abstract. Eighty three species, belonging to 10 families and 25 genera, are established in the Bulgarian part of the Rhodopes and are referred to 104 localities. They represent 76,15 % of the mayflies known up to now for Bulgaria. Seven species are newly reported for the mountain. Data on 12 mayfly species (17,14% of species established in Greece) are available. They refer to four localities in the Greek part of the Rhodopes. Brief information about the endemic, rare and “now missing” mayflies is also given. Key words: Ephemeroptera, Rhodopes, Bulgaria, Greece, faunistic diversity.
Introduction Initial data on the mayfly fauna in the Rhodopes are reported by RUSSEV (1964), and it is actually information on the distribution of 34 mayflies in the Arda River valley. Summarizing the hydrofaunistic investigations on some Rhodopean watersheds, RUSSEV & JANEVA (1975) report 53 Ephemeroptera species both from running and standing water basins. Later on, , as a result of hydrobiological and saprobiological studies carried out in Rhodopean water courses, a number of authors reported additional mayfly species and their localities. Studying the saprobiological state of Cherna River and its influence on the macroinvertebrate fauna, JANEVA (1989) reported 30 species established downstream. In the monograph on the formation of macroinvertebrate communities in the Mesta River, KOVACHEV & UZUNOV (1986) reported the finding of 39 Ephemeroptera species in the Bulgarian section of the river. RUSSEV & VIDINOVA (1994) and VIDINOVA & RUSSEV (1997) presented data on the ecology and distribution of some ephemeropteran families in Bulgaria, including localities in the Rhodopes. Hydrofaunistic findings of Ephemeroptera are also reported by BRAASCH & RUSSEV (1986) and VIDINOVA (2003). In relation to the Gorna Arda Cascade construction, many studies on the Arda River valley were carried out. UZUNOV et al. (1992) enclosed a list of 45 mayfly species without
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indication of concrete localities, and YANEVA et al. (2001) presented contemporary data on the ephemeropteran fauna in the region. The prolonged monitoring on river stations in the territory of Rozhen Regional Background Monitoring Station (RBMS), as well as the studies on benthic communities’ ecological characteristics, gathered much hydrofaunistic data, most of which are still unpublished. Contrary to the comparatively well studied Bulgarian part, the information for the Greek one is rather scanty as data on most of the watersheds are missing. BAUERNFEIND (2003), in a “provisional check-list” of mayflies in Greece, includes 12 species from 4 localities in the Rhodopes, based on data provided by MALICKY (1994). The aim of the present work is to present a summary of faunistic data on Ephemeroptera available in literature, as well as of unpublished data of the author’s own studies in the Rhodopes.
Material and methods The present paper is based on published and non-published data on the mayfly distribution in the Rhodopes both in the Bulgarian and Greek parts. The material originates from 108 localities (Fig.1), 104 in the Bulgarian part and 4 – in the Greek part. The geographic coordinates of localities are provided by MICHEV (1999) (Table 1.) Most of the material is determined as larvae and a small part - as imago. The unpublished species are a part of hydrobiological benthic samples, collected semi-quantitatively or by “kick”-sampling (Frost et al., 1971) at stations of Table 2.
Fig. 1. Map of the localities
Ephemeroptera
271
T a b l e 1. List of the localities of mayflies in the Rhodopes No River
Sites
Geographical Coordinates/ Altitude
1
3
4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
2 Mesta Mesta Mesta Glazna River Mesta Mesta Mesta Mesta Mesta Mesta Mesta Mesta Kanina River Yadenitsa River Yadenitsa River Baluk dere River Sofan dere River Grancharitsa River Grancharitsa River Ablanitsa River Chepinska Reka River Chepinska Reka River Chepinska Reka River Chepinska Reka River Chukura River Trebetushtitsa River Hremshtitsa River Petrovo dere River Doudorana River Batak dam Batak dam Stara Reka River Stara Reka River brook Srabska Reka River Beglika dam Vassil Kolarov dam Shiroka polyana dam brook Dospatska Reka River
Bulgaria above Yakoruda Bresto below Iztok outflow below Razlozhka outflow below Glazna outflow below Dobrinishka Reka River outflow the bridge to Gostun Village Mesta Village the bridge to Bukovo Village (Kupena) Gospodintsi Village Gotse Delchev Hadjidimovo below Ognyanovo Village above Yundulska River outflow Golyamo Belovo above WCS above WCS above WCS above outflow above Chepinska River below fusion of Baluk dere and Sofan dere Grashevo Village above Ablanitsa River Velingrad above WCS above WCS above WCS above WCS above WCS south coast chanel Batak above Peshtera near Peshtera near Batak inflow
above Toshkov chark dam below Dospat
42o02’N; 23o40’E No Data 41o54’N; 23o34’E 41o54’N; 23o33’E 41o54’N; 23o33’E 41o50’N; 23o37’E 41o48’N; 23o41’E 41o45’N; 23o41’E 41o43’N; 23o43’E 41o39’N; 23o44’E 41o34’N; 23o44’E 41o31’N; 23o51’E 41o37’N; 23o48’E 42o02’N; 23o50’E 42o11’N; 23o59’E 41o55’N; 23o55’E 41o55’N; 23o55’E 41o56’N; 23o55’E 41o56’N; 23o55’E 41o59’N; 23o58’E 41o55’N; 23o55’E 41o58’N; 23o56’E 41o59’N; 23o58’E 41o59’N; 23o58’E 41o58’N; 23o59’E Missing Data 41o58’N; 23o59’E Missing Data Missing Data 41o59’N; 24o12’E 41o59’N; 24o12’E 41o57’N; 24o13’E 42o02’N; 24o18’E 42o02’N; 24o18’E 41o57’N; 24o13’E 41o50’N; 24o09’E No Data 41o46’N; 24o10’E 41o48’N; 24o09’E 41o45’N; 24o00’E
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1
2
3
4
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87
Karadja dere Karadja dere Trigradska Reka River Trigradska Reka River Trigradska Reka River Trigradska Reka River Trigradska Reka River Chairska Reka River Mugla River Buynovska Reka River Buynovska Reka River Buynovska Reka River Vacha River Vacha River Vacha River Vacha River Mihalkovska Reka River Shirokolashka Reka River Sh. Reka River Sh. Reka River Sh. Reka River Devinska Reka River Devinska Reka River Lukovitsa 40-te izvora Chaya River Orphey hut Er-Kyupriyska Reka River Rhodopes Mts. Rhodopes Mts. Smolyanski ezera lakes Kriva River Cherna River Cherna River Cherna River Cherna River Byala Reka River Arda River Arda River Arda River Arda River Arda River Arda River Arda River Arda River Arda River Arda River
near Shiroka polyana dam Zmeitsa Village above Trigrad Village below Trigrad hut below Zhdreloto above WCS below WCS outflow outflow Popina luka below Buynovo Village above Teshel below Teshel above Devin below Devin Mihalkovo Village mineral spring above Stoykite Village above Shiroka laka Village HMS 477 above outflow above Devin below Devin above Asenovgrad near Asenovgrad below Bachkovo Monastery Rhodopes Mts 7 km from the road fork near Chepelare “Persenk” mine
41o46’N; 24o10’E 41o38’N; 24o15’E 41o36’N; 24o23’E 41o37’N; 24o23’E 41o37’N; 24o23’E 41o37’N; 24o23’E 41o37’N; 24o23’E 41o37’N; 24o23’E 41o41’N; 24o22’E 41o34’N; 24o19’E 41o34’N; 24o19’E 41o41’N; 24o22’E 41o41’N; 24o22’E 41o44’N; 24o26’E 41o44’N; 24o26’E 41o51’N; 24o26’E 41o51’N; 24o26’E 41o39’N; 24o38’E 41o41’N; 24o35’E 41o43’N; 24o29’E 41o43’N; 24o25’E 41o44’N; 24o26’E 41o44’N; 24o26’E 41o58’N; 24o51’E 42o01’N; 24o52’E 41o57’N; 24o52’E No Data No Data 41o44’N; 24o41’E No Data; 900 m a.s.l. No Data No Data 41o33’N; 24o41’E 41o33’N; 24o41’E 41o33’N; 24o41’E 41o32’N; 24o40’E 41o33’N; 24o41’E 41o27’N; 24o36’E 41o30’N; 24o39’E 41o30’N; 24o45’E 41o30’N; 24o52’E 41o34’N; 24o58’E 41o35’N; 25o02’E 41o37’N; 25o04’E 41o41’N; 25o10’E 41o39’N; 25o30’E 41o36’N; 26o04’E
Smolyanski ezera lakes Smolyan Raikovo below Ustovo above outflow Ustovo above Arda Village above Mogilitsa Village Smilyan Village above Rudozem Varbina bridge Madan dam Dyavolski bridge above Kardjali dam Studen kladenets dam Kamilski dol Village
Ephemeroptera
273
1
2
3
4
88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104
Malka Arda River Malka Arda River Malka Arda River Malka Arda River Davidkovska Reka River Davidkovska R. River Varbitsa River Kazalach River Borovitsa River Potochnitsa River Krumovitsa River Kara-tarla River Byala Reka River Byala Reka River Chairski ezera Lakes Zabardovska Reka River Chaya River
above Slaveino Village above Oryahovets Village above Banite below Banite Davidkovo Village outflow Podkova Village above Kirkovo below Novoselishte Village Studen kladenets dam above Krumovgrad Kamilski dol Village below Gugutka Village Mandritsa Village
41o38’N; 24o52’E 41o37’N; 24o58’E 41o37’N; 25o01’E 41o37’N; 25o01’E 41o40’N; 24o58’E 41o40’N; 25o09’E 41o24’N; 25o24’E 41o19’N; 25o21’E 41o47’N; 25o15’E 41o36’N; 25o41’E 41o37’N; 25o42’E 41o36’N; 26o04’E 41o25’N; 25o55’E 41o23’N; 26o08’E No Data 41o47’N; 24o36’E 41o44’N; 24o41’E
above outflow of Er- Kyupriyska Reka River Chepelare Greece
105 Nestos River
Potami
106
Kriavrisi
107
Prasinada
108
Sminthi
41o23’N; 24o05’E; 300 m a.s.l. 41o30’N; 24o19’E; 1400 m a.s.l. 41o20’N; 24o32’E; 300 m a.s.l. 41o15’N; 24o48’E; 450 m a.s.l.
Batashki Vodnosilov Pat water catchment basin (1993-1994) (marked with * in Table 1.), at selected stations of Rozhen RBMS (1985 - 1996), in Arda River valley (1998 - 2004) and Mesta River (1999 - 2000). With some exceptions the material is a part of the mayfly collection in the Institute of Zoology, Department of Hydrobiology. Abbreviations used in the text: UD – unpublished data; WCS – water catchment station.
Faunistic Results Until now, 83 species of Ephemeroptera are established in the Bulgarian part of the Rhodopes (Table 2). They belong to 10 families and 25 genera and represent 76, 15 % of the known Bulgarian species. Seven of them are new for the Rhodopean fauna. The species Ecdyonurus aurantiacus and Brachicercus harisella, listed by UZUNOV et al. (1992) without indication of concrete localities in the BG Rhodopes, are included in the paper as they are likely to occur in the area studied.
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T a b l e 2. List of determined taxa and their localities in the Rhodopes Taxa Siphlonuridae Siphlonurus aestivalis (Eaton, 1903) S. armatus (Eaton, 1870) S. lacustris (Eaton, 1870)
Rallidentidae Metreletus balcanicus (Ulmer, 1920) Baetidae Acentrella sinaica Bogoescu, 1931 Baetis alpinus (Pictet, 1845)
B. buceratus Eaton, 1870
Localities
Source/ (leg.)
3, 10, 11, 12, 30, 31, 38 30 1, 3, 11, 12, 20, 36, 37, 38, 40, 43, 44, 47, 53, 92
KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 470; RUSSEV & VIDINOVA, 1994: 107 RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 21 RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 21; RUSSEV & VIDINOVA, 1994: 108; UD
98
RUSSEV & VIDINOVA, 1994: 109
43 1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 36, 43, 45, 47, 49, 53, 58, 59, 61, 68, 71, 73, 74, 103 7, 11, 12, 24, 32, 33, 62, 66
RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 22 RUSSEV, 1964: 18; RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 22; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 470; JANEVA, 1989: 23
B. fuscatus (Linne, 1761)
1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 36, 50, 62, 72, 75, 76, 107
B. gemellus Eaton, 1885 B. lutheri Mueller-Liebenau, 1967
36, 39, 71 3, 11, 12, 73, 74, 75, 81 1, 3, 7, 12, 36, 43, 45, 48, 53, 54, 59, 61, 68, 71, 72, 73 1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 39, 43, 45, 53, 54, 58, 59, 61, 62, 68, 71, 72, 73, 103, 107 6, 11, 36, 39, 43, 54, 68 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 33, 53, 59, 62, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81, 94 9, 11, 12, 43, 47, 59, 62, 72, 73, 75, 78, 80, 81, 94, 99 74
B. melanonyx (Pictet, 1845)
B. muticus (Linné, 1758)
B. pavidus Grandi, 1949 B. rhodani (Pictet, 1845)
B. scambus Eaton, 1870
B. vardarensis Ikonomov, 1962
RUSSEV & JANEVA , 1975: 22; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 470; UZUNOV et al., 1992 RUSSEV & JANEVA , 1975: 22; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 470; JANEVA, 1989: 23; BAUERNFEIND, 2003: 100 RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 22 RUSSEV, 1964: 18; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 470; JANEVA, 1989: 23 RUSSEV, 1964: 18; RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 22; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 470; JANEVA, 1989: 23 RUSSEV & JANEVA , 1975: 22; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 470; JANEVA, 1989: 23; BAUERNFEIND, 2003: 100 RUSSEV & JANEVA , 1975: 22; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 470 RUSSEV, 1964: 18; RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 22; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 470; JANEVA, 1989: 23
RUSSEV, 1964: 17; RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 22; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 470; JANEVA, 1989: 23 JANEVA, 1989: 23
Ephemeroptera
275
Taxa
Localities
Source/ (leg.)
B. vernus Curtis, 1934
1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 31, 59, 65, 72, 74, 77, 81, 94, 99 3, 6, 7, 11, 12, 39, 43, 71, 72, 76, 77, 81, 94, 99, 108
RUSSEV, 1964: 17; RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 22; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 470; JANEVA, 1989: 23
54, 103 11, 12, 20, 23, 24, 33, 34, 40, 50, 52, 55, 61, 62, 63, 66, 75, 94, 99, 107
RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 22 RUSSEV, 1964: 15; RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 22; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 470; JANEVA, 1989: 23; RUSSEV & VIDINOVA, 1994: 110; BAUERNFEIND, 2003: 100; UD
1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 20, 23, 25, 26, 27, 32, 33, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 52, 53, 56, 59, 60, 62, 68, 73, 74, 77, 88 32 1, 5, 48
RUSSEV, 1964: 16; RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 23; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 470; JANEVA, 1989: 23; VIDINOVA & RUSSEV, 1997: 139; UD
Centroptilum luteolum (Mueller, 1776)
Cloeon dipterum (Linné, 1761) C. simile Eaton, 1870 Procloeon bifidum (Bengtsson, 1912) Procloeon pennulatum (Eaton, 1870) Nigrobaetis niger (Linne, 1761) Oligoneuriidae Oligoneuriella pallida (Hagen, 1855) Oligoneuriella rhenana (Imhoff, 1852)
Heptageniidae Epeorus sylvicola (Pictet, 1865)
Iron alpicola (Eaton, 1871) I. yougoslavicus (Samal, 1934)
RUSSEV, 1964: 19; RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 22; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 470; JANEVA, 1989: 23; BAUERNFEIND, 2003: 100 1, 3, 12, 39, 43, RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 22; KO71, 102 VACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 470 71, 78, 85, 99, 102 RUSSEV, 1964: 19; RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 22 71 RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 22 11, 12, 42, 53, 74, RUSSEV, 1964: 19; RUSSEV & JANEVA, 76, 87 1975: 22; JANEVA, 1989: 23 42 RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 22
VIDINOVA & RUSSEV, 1997: 142 BRAASCH & RUSSEV, 1986: 49; VIDINOVA & RUSSEV, 1997: 142 *Rhithrogena braaschi Jacob, 1974 1, 14, 23 UD *Rh. bulgarica Braasch, Soldan & Sowa, 1985 9, 85, 93 UD *Rh. buresi Sowa, 1973 59 UD RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 23 Rh. hybrida Eaton, 1885 39, 43, 47, 59 Rh. loyolaea Navas, 1922 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 39 RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 23; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 470 VIDINOVA, 2003: 160 Rh. marcosi Alba-Tercedor & Sowa, 1986 12, 20, 23 RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 22 Rh. savoiensis Alba-Tercedor & Sowa, 1987 54, 59 Rh. semicolorata (Curtis, 1834) 20, 39, 43, 45, 47, RUSSEV, 1964: 16; RUSSEV & JANEVA, 48, 54, 59, 73, 75, 1975: 22; UD 77, 81, 94, 99, 103 YANEVA et al., 2001: 41 Rh. thracica Sowa, Soldan & Braasch, 1988 UZUNOV et al., 1992 Ecdyonurus aurantiacus (Burmeister, 1839) 93
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Taxa
Localities
E. carpaticus Sowa, 1973 85 E. carpathicus vitoshensis Jacob & Braasch, 1984 1, 9, 36, 69, 83, 85, 93, 108 E. dispar (Curtis, 1834) 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 43, 48, 53, 54, 59, 73, 83, 84, 85, 90, 91, 103 E. epeorides Demoulin, 1955 1, 7, 84, 85, 90, 106 E. forcipula (Pictet, 1845) 43, 47 *E. helveticus (Eaton, 1885) 44, 47, 62, 63 E. insignis (Eaton, 1870) 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 81, 83, 84, 85, 107
E. macani Thomas & Sowa, 1970 *E. picteti (Meyer-Duer, 1864) E. subalpinus (Klapálek, 1907) E. submontanus Landa, 1969
103 44, 62 69 44, 62
E. torrentis Kimmins, 1942
9, 11, 36, 39, 43
E. venosus Fabricius, 1775
3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 36, 39, 42, 43, 45, 47, 48, 55, 59, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78, 80, 81, 83, 99, 103 74 3, 7, 20, 24, 27, 32, 33, 47, 54, 57, 74, 81, 85, 96, 97, 98, 101 54, 73, 80, 81, 96, 97
Electrogena affinis (Eaton, 1887) E. lateralis (Curtis, 1834)
E. macedonica (Ikonomov, 1954)
E. quadrilineata (Landa, 1970) Heptagenia coerulans (Rostock, 1878) H. flava Rostock, 1878 H. fuscogrisea (Retzius, 1783)
H. longicauda (Stephens, 1836)
H. sulphurea (Mueller, 1776)
Source/ (leg.) YANEVA et al., 2001: 41 YANEVA et al., 2001: 41; BAUERNFEIND, 2003: 100; UD RUSSEV, 1964: 16; RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 23; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 470; JANEVA, 1989: 23; YANEVA et al., 2001: 41 BAUERNFEIND, 2003: 100; VIDINOVA, 2003: 161; UD RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 23 UD RUSSEV, 1964: 17; BRAASCH & RUSSEV, 1986: 49; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 470; YANEVA et al., 2001: 41; BAUERNFEIND, 2003: 100; UD BRAASCH & RUSSEV, 1986: 49 UD Leg. Y. GANEV; BRAASCH & RUSSEV, 1986: 49; UD (leg. Y. VIDINOVA) RUSSEV & JANEVA , 1975: 23; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 470 RUSSEV, 1964: 16; RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 23; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 470; JANEVA, 1989: 23; YANEVA et al., 2001: 41; UD
VIDINOVA & RUSSEV, 1997: 143 RUSSEV, 1964: 16; RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 23; JANEVA, 1989: 23; VIDINOVA & RUSSEV, 1997: 142; UD
RUSSEV, 1964: 16; RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 23; VIDINOVA & RUSSEV, 1997: 143; UD 20, 96, 97 VIDINOVA & RUSSEV, 1997: 143 10, 11, 12 KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 470; UZUNOV et al., 1992 KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 470 8, 10, 11 6, 7, 8, 9, 59, 73, RUSSEV, 1964: 16; RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 23; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 74, 99 1986: 471; JANEVA, 1989: 23 RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 23; UZU2, 7, 12, 54 NOV et al., 1992; VIDINOVA & RUSSEV, 1997: 142; UD KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 471 8, 9
Ephemeroptera Taxa Ephemerellidae Ephemerella ignita (Poda, 1761)
E. mucronata (Bengtsson, 1909)
E. mesoleuca (Brauer, 1857)
Localities
Source/ (leg.)
1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 23, 28, 29, 46, 47, 48, 51, 54, 58, 59, 60, 62, 64, 71, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79, 80, 81, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 90, 91, 93, 94, 99, 107, 108 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 20, 23, 36, 39, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 52, 53, 54, 58, 59, 60, 62, 68, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 79, 81, 6
RUSSEV, 1964: 20; RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 23; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 471; JANEVA , 1989: 23; VIDINOVA & RUSSEV, 1997: 143; YANEVA et al., 2001: 41; BAUERNFEIND, 2003: 100
E. notata Eaton, 1887
3, 7, 40, 59, 87, 94, 99
Torleya major (Klapálek, 1905)
1, 3, 11, 36, 42, 43, 46, 48, 73, 77, 79, 80, 81, 87, 91
Neoephemeridae Neoephemera maxima (Joly, 1870) Caenidae Brachicercus harrisella Curtis, 1934 Caenis horaria (Linné, 1758)
C. luctuosa (Burmeister, 1839)
C. macrura Stephens, 1835
C rivulorum Eaton, 1884
277
11
RUSSEV, 1964: 21; RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 23; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 471; JANEVA, 1989: 23; VIDINOVA & RUSSEV, 1997: 143; UD
KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 471; VIDINOVA & RUSSEV, 1997: 144; UZUNOV et al., 1992 RUSSEV, 1964: 20; RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 23; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 471 RUSSEV, 1964: 20; RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 23; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 471; JANEVA , 1989: 23; VIDINOVA & RUSSEV, 1997: 144 Leg. St. KOVACHEV
UZUNOV et al., 1992 10, 11, 12, 71, 75, RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 23; 102 KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 471; JANEVA, 1989: 23 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, RUSSEV, 1964: 21; RUSSEV & JANEVA, 11, 12, 42, 45, 73, 1975: 23; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 74, 78, 80, 81, 87, 1986: 471; JANEVA, 1989: 23 94, 99 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, RUSSEV, 1964: 21; RUSSEV & JANEVA, 12, 42, 45, 51, 54, 1975: 23; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 59, 62, 64, 68, 72, 1986: 471; JANEVA et al., 2001: 41; 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, BAUERNFEIND, 2003: 100; UD 89, 90, 91, 93, 94, 104, 107 85 RUSSEV, 1964: 22
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Y. VIDINOVA
Taxa
Localities
Source/ (leg.)
C. robusta Eaton, 1884
11, 12, 71, 102
RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 23; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 471
Leptophlebiidae *Choroterpes picteti Eaton, 1871 Paraleptophlebia cincta (Retzius, 1783)
85, 95, 96, 100 1, 62, 74
UD RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 23; JANEVA, 1989: 23; UD 39, 54, 99 RUSSEV, 1964: 20; RUSSEV & JANEVA, P. lacustris Ikonomov, 1962 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 1975: 23 P. submarginata (Stephens, 1835) 10, 11, 15, 20, 23, 26, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 59, 60, 62, 72, 79, 81, 85, 89, 90, 91 Habroleptoides confusa Sartori & Jacob, 1986 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 15, RUSSEV, 1964: 19; RUSSEV & JANEVA, 39, 42, 46, 52, 53, 1975: 23; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 62, 66, 71, 72, 73, 1986: 471; JANEVA et al., 2001: 41; UD 74, 76, 77, RUSSEV, 1964: 20; RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 23; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 1986: 471; JANEVA, 1989: 23; UD 42, 99 RUSSEV, 1964: 19; RUSSEV & JANEVA, Habrophlebia fusca (Curtis, 1834) 1975: 23 62, 107 BAUERNFEIND, 2003: 100; UD (leg. H. eldae Jacob & Sartori, 1984 Y. VIDINOVA) 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 19, RUSSEV, 1964: 19; RUSSEV & JANEVA, H. lauta Eaton, 1884 20, 23, 33, 39, 40, 1975: 23; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 42, 43, 44, 62, 71, 1986: 471; JANEVA et al., 2001: 41; UD 80, 81, 83, 84, 85, 86, 88, 90, 91 Ephemeridae 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, RUSSEV, 1964: 22; RUSSEV & JANEVA, Ephemera danica Mueller, 1764 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 1975: 21; KOVACHEV & UZUNOV, 22, 23, 27, 33, 34, 1986: 471; JANEVA, 1989: 23; VIDI35, 39, 43, 44, 45, NOVA & RUSSEV, 1997: 144; BAUERN46, 47, 48, 52, 53, FEIND, 2003: 100; UD 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 62, 65, 67, 68, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79, 80, 81, 85, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 107, 108 105, 107 BAUERNFEIND, 2003: 100 E. lineata Eaton, 1870 15 UD *E. vulgata Linné, 1758 *Species, newly reported for the Rhodopean fauna
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The Heptageniidae family, whose representatives are typical rheobionts, is the richest in species – 35, followed by Baetidae - 19 species. The families Rallidentidae and Neoephemeridae are represented by a single species each. Indicated as “eurybiontic” by VIDINOVA & RUSSEV (1997), the species Ephemerella ignita, Ephemera danica and Epeorus sylvicola are the most widely distributed. On the other hand, there are too many mayflies, established in a single locality - 17. Siphlonurus armatus, Baetis gemellus and Procloeon bifidum are found only in still water basins, while among the other species, there are some which inhabit both running and still water, mainly from Siphlonuridae, Baetidae, Ephemerellidae and Caenidae families. It could be concluded, that the richest number of established species is caused, on the one hand, by the varied relief of the Rhodopes (hilly in the Eastern part and typically mountainous - in the Western part) and by the different types of water basins available (brooks, rivers, lakes, dams), presumed varied living conditions for hydrobionts, and on the other hand, by the relatively high level of studies on some water basins, such as Mesta, Vacha and Arda River valleys. The 12 species reported by BAUERNFEIND (2003) from the Greek part of the mountain, represent 17,14% of the known Greek Ephemeroptera. Most probably it is due to insufficient studies in that region, and to the fact that the Rhodopes cover a small part of the territory of Greece. Data on the endemism among the known species are missing.
Zoogeographical notes Presenting summarized information about the endemic and rare mayfly species in Bulgaria, GUEORGUIEV et al. (1998) indicate that the level of rarity of Ephemeroptera in Bulgaria is low. Taking into account the listed rare species by the above mentioned authors, nine species among the Rhodopean mayflies belong to this category – Metreletus balcanicus, Nigrobaetis niger, Ecdyonurus subalpinus, E. torrentis, Heptagenia longicauda, Ephemerella mesoleuca, Neoephemera maxima, Brachycercus harisella, Paraleptophlebia cincta. In spite of this, another 12 species with a single locality could be mentioned as “rare” (Table 2.). Ephemeroptera is among the orders, which have moderate level of endemism. Only three of the 12 known endemic mayflies in the country, are found in the Bulgarian Rhodopes – Iron yougoslavicus, Rhithrogena braaschi and Paraleptophlebia lacustris. They are both Bulgarian and Balkan endemics and represent 3, 61 % of all species in this mountain. The first two species inhabit typical mountain streams in the Western Rhodopes. Relict species have not been found in the order. For the time being there are no mayfly species protected by low or included in the Red Data Book of Bulgaria. Because of insufficient and scanty data on the zoogeographical affiliations for most of the species, such information is not presented. The most threatened mayfly species are those whose larvae inhabit the middle or lower course of the larger rivers. Pollution of the water with different industrial and household pollutants is the most significant threat in these areas. The endemic mountain species are threatened by the increasing occurrence of acid rain. These and other factors have already caused some species to go extinct and others to be threatened with extinction (RUSSEV, 1992). The “extinct” mayflies from the Rhodopes are Neoephemera maxima and Brachycercus
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harisella. As Ephemerella maculocaudata and E. mesoleuca became synonyms (STUDEMANN & TOMKA, 1989), it could be considered that it is also an extinct species.
Acknowledgements I am very grateful to Prof. Dr. B. Russev †, for teaching me on Ephemeroptera and for his valuable help in determining some of the species. I would like to thank my colleagues Assoc. Prof. Dr. I. Yaneva, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Y. Uzunov, MSc V. Tyufekchieva and MSc B. Zadneprovski for collecting a part of the material, as well as Assoc. Prof. Dr. K. Kumanski and Mr. Y. Ganev for providing me with some images from the region. I am also grateful to eng. N. Presolski for preparing the map.
References BAUERNFEIND E. 2003. The mayflies of Greece (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) – A provisional check - list. - In: Research Update on Ephemeroptera & Plecoptera (Ed. E. Gaino), Proc. Int. Joint Meeting, 2001, Perugia (Italy), 99 - 107. BRAASCH D., RUSSEV B. 1986. Zur Kenntnis der Heptageniidae - Fauna (Ephemeroptera) Bulgariens. I. Acta zool. bulg., 32: 48 - 51. FROST S., A. HUNI & W. KERSHAW. 1971. Evaluation of a kicking technique for sampling stream bottom fauna. - Canadian Journal of Zoology, 49: 169 - 173. GUEORGUIEV V., V. BESHOVSKI, B. RUSSEV, K. KUMANSKI, M. JOSIFOV, V. SAKALYAN. 1998. Insects of Bulgaria. Part 1: Odonata, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Homoptera (Auchenorrhyncha), Heteroptera, Coleoptera. - In: Bulgaria’s Biological Diversity: Conservation Status and Needs Assessment, Vol. I, II (Curt Meine - ed.), Washington, 163 - 209. JANEVA I. 1989. Changes in the saprobiological state of the Cherna river and their effect on the composition and structure of the benthic organisms. - Hydrobiology, 34: 20 - 37 (In Bulgarian). KOVACHEV S., Y. UZUNOV. 1986. Formation of macroinverterbrate communities in the course of biological selfpurification of the Mesta River. - Arch. Hydrobiol./Suppl. Bd. 72 (Mongr. Beitr.), 4: 427 - 526. MALICKY H. 1994. Emergence patterns of insects from a permanent stream in the Eu - mediterranean climate region (Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera). - Entomol. Gen., 18: 131 - 144. MICHEV T. 1999. UTM Directory of Bulgaria. - Historia naturalis bulgarica,@@Sofia. RUSSEV B. 1964. Hydrobiologische Untersuchungen der Arda und einiger ihrer Nebenfluesse. - Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus., 17: 5 - 49. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). RUSSEV B. 1992. Threatened Species of Ephemeroptera (Insecta) from Bulgaria. - Lauterbornia, Dinkelscherben, 9: 13 - 17. RUSSEV B., J. JANEVA. 1975. Hydrofaunistischen Erforschungen einiger Rhodopischen Gewässer. - In: La Faune des Rhodopes, Matériaux, BAW, 11 - 39. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). RUSSEV B., Y. VIDINOVA. 1994. Verbreitung und Ekologie der Vertreter einiger Familien der Ordnung Ephemeroptera (Insecta) in Bulgarien. - Lauterbornia, 19: 107 - 113. STUDEMANN D., I. TOMKA. 1989. Contribution to the study of European Ephemerellidae (Ephemeroptera). III. Synonymy of Ephemerella maculocaudata Ikonomov, 1961. Syn.n. with Ephemerella mesoleuca (Brauer, 1857). - Bull. Soc. Ent. Suisse, 62: 129 - 130. UZUNOV Y., K. KUMANSKI, L. KAPUSTINA. 1992. Pre - project study and ecological assessment of Hydropower cascade “Gorna Arda”, Energoproekt, MEW, Sofia (In Bulgarian) VIDINOVA Y. 2003. Contribution to the study of mayfly fauna (Ephemeroptera) in Bulgaria. - In: Research Update on Ephemeroptera & Plecoptera (Ed. E. Gaino), Proc. Int. Joint Meeting, 2001, Perugia (Italy), 159 - 163.
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VIDINOVA Y., B. RUSSEV. 1997. Distribution and ecology of the representatives of some Ephemeropteran families in Bulgaria. - In: Ephemeroptera & Plecoptera: Biology - Ecology - Systematics (Eds. P. Landolt & M. Sartori), MTL, Fribourg, 139 - 146. YANEVA I., Y. VIDINOVA, V. TYUFEKCHIEVA. 2001. Contemporary Saprobiological Characteristics of Arda River in the Section of Future “Gorna Arda” Cascade Building. - Acta zool. bulg., 53(2): 37 - 46. Author’s address: Yanka Vidinova Institute of Zoology, BAS 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria e-mail:
[email protected]
Еднодневки (Ephemeroptera, Insecta) от Родопите (България и Гърция) Янка ВИДИНОВА (Р е з ю м е) Обобщени са наличните литературни данни относно установените в Родопите видове от разред Ephemeroptera и тяхното разпространение. Включени са и непубликувани досега данни от собствени проучвания. Общо материалът е от 108 находища - 104 от България и 4 находища в Гърция (Фиг. 1). Представят се данни за 83 вида (10 семейства и 25 рода), представляващи 76, 15 % от известните за България еднодневки. Седем от тях се съобщават за първи път за района. За разлика от сравнително добре проучените по-големи поречия като Места, Въча и Арда, данните за гръцката част са твърде оскъдни, резултат от спорадични проучвания. Представени са 12 вида (7 семейства, 8 рода) – 17,14 % от известните за Гърция еднодневки. Посочени са 9 редки видове, а така също и считаните за изчезнали в района (и в страната) Neoephemera maxima, Brachycercus harisella и Ephemerella mesoleucа. Видовете Iron yougoslavicus, Rhithrogena braaschi и Paraleptophlebia lacustris са едновременно български и балкански ендемити.
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Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Аdephagous beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Adephaga) in the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece)
BORISLAV V. GUÉORGUIEV & JORGE MIGUEL LOBO
Guéorguiev B., J. M. Lobo. 2006. Adephagous beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Adephaga) in the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). – In: Beron P. (ed). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 283-346. Abstract. The study reports 362 species from the Bulgarian and Greek parts of the Western Rhodopes. Three categories have been outlined with the aim to display the various levels of reliability with regard to the species occurrence in the region. The first category counts 343 species reported with exact records. They are distributed in five families – Carabidae (297), Gyrinidae (4), Haliplidae (5), Noteridae (1) and Dytiscidae (36). Fifty-six (56) species are reported for the first time for the studied region, including two unknown for the science species. One of the two new taxa, e.g. Duvalius (Paraduvalius) nedelkovi sp. n. (type locality: Prikazna Cave near Dryanovo Village, Radyuva Planina Mt., Laki District, Bulgarian Western Rhodopes), is described here. Altogether, 337 species are cited from the Bulgarian section of the region, 51 of them reported for the first time and another 153 for which we include new faunistic data. Eleven carabid genera are also new for this mountainous region. Asaphidion rossii is confirmed for the fauna of Bulgaria. The occurrence of 16 taxa in Bulgaria, which were omitted for the country in the recent Catalogue of the Palaearctic Coleoptera, is confirmed. Other 4 species (Carabus nemoralis, Bembidion glaciale, Harpalus luteicornis and Harpalus modestus) which were also omitted for Bulgaria in the Catalogue still remain problematic and are included in the list with reservations. Twenty-one species from the Greek Western Rhodopes are cited, 18 of them are new for the area, and 5 species are reported from the Western Rhodopes for the first time. Tapinopterus balcanicus s. str. is recorded for the first time, whereas Agonum viridicupreum is confirmed for the fauna of Greece. The second category includes 10 species cited for Bulgaria only in reference to the Rhodopes, so the occurrence of these taxa in the investigated area remains pending. Based on taxonomic or geographical misidentifications, the third category counts 9 species cited from the Bulgarian section in the past. Here their deletion from the regional list is discussed. Tachyura sexstriata is excluded also from the list of the Bulgarian fauna. The examination of type or topotypical material of taxa populating the Western Rhodopes ascertained the next synonymy: Bembidion (Peryphus) subcostatum javurkovae Fassati, 1944, syn. n. of Bembidion (Peryphus) subcostatum vau Netolitzky, 1913 Bembidion (Peryphus) subcostatum spartanum Fassati, 1944, syn. n. of Bembidion (Peryphus) subcostatum vau Netolitzky, 1913 Tapinopterus (Tapinopterus) bartoni Mařan, 1933, syn. n. of Tapinopterus (Tapinopterus) balcanicus balcanicus Ganglbauer, 1891 Tapinopterus (Tapinopterus) kaufmanni kulti Mařan, 1940, syn. n. of Tapinopterus (Tapinopterus) balcanicus balcanicus Ganglbauer, 1891
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B. GUÉORGUIEV & J. M. LOBO Xenion ignitum laticolle Mařan, 1930, syn. n. of Xenion ignitum (Kraatz, 1875) Ultimately 33 species of conservation importance are established. Potential distributional maps of 22 non-hypogean carabid species are made. Key words: Coleoptera, Adephaga, Western Rhodopes, Bulgaria, Greece, new data, new species, new synonymy.
Introduction Both the Bulgarian and the Greek sides of the Western Rhodopes have an area of around 11,000 square kilometres above the mean altitude of 450-500 meters. This mountainous region enables the coexistence of highly diverse habitats, e.g. forests, meadows, riverside, limestone, sandy, stony, gravel, etc. as well as various types of ecotones. Four main vegetation formations can be observed along an altitudinal gradient: i) xeromesophillous broad-leaved woodlands and shrubs of Submediterranean type, ii/ mesophillous broad-leaved woodlands of Nemoral type, iii/ mesophillous coniferous forest of Boreal type, and iv/ open high-mountain mesophillous pastures of Alpine type. Paying special attention to the Carabidae species and following the principal aim of the compiler/s of this volume, a commented catalogue on the species of the suborder Adephaga from the Western Rhodopes has been carried out, including both a list and maps of the species more needy of special conservation strategies.
Material and methods The data presented in this paper are based both on literature sources (published between the years of 1904 and 2005) and on new material, mostly came from the Bulgarian part of the region. Most part of the unpublished material, compiled as result of more or less purposive collecting trips accomplished in the last twenty years, concerns the carabid beetles. This material is preserved in the collections of the National Museum of Natural History, Sofia (cited further in the text without mentioning of this depository). The first author determined or revised all the material from this institution as well as some other interesting specimens, including type material, coming from the collections of four European museums (see material and methods) and the private collection of Mr David Wrase (Berlin). Both the Dutchman J. Muilwijk and the Italian E. Migliacchio collected a significant share of the new material, which is preserved in their private collections. If the specimens from the latter collection were identified of one of us (BVG), two eminent European specialists on Carabidae (C. Jeanne and D.W. Wrase) checked up those from the former collection, after personal information of J. Muilwijk. Not many data on Carabidae from the Greek part of the region are cited. The data for water beetles from the Bulgarian Western Rhodopes are taken from the literature, while new records for six dytiscid beetles from the Greek part were obtained thanks to the courtesy of Dr Hans Fery (Berlin). In the text the data on Greece come next to the Bulgarian localities. After the faunal data some comments follow. All the available distributional information for the selected species was compiled and georeferenced using the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS; see http:/
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/geonames.usgs.gov/). With this presence data for each one of the species a MultiDimensional niche Envelope model was performed using the information of four climatic predictor variables: precipitation of April, precipitation of July, minimum mean temperature of January and maximum mean temperature of July. Thus, the general appropriate environmental conditions for the species are established according to the environment present in the observed presence points (see BUSBY, 1986). These analyses were carrying out by means of a Geographical Information System (IDRISI software; CLARK LABS 2003). Climatic variables have been taken of the WORLDCLIM database (version 1.3; see http://biogeo.berkeley.edu/worldclim/worldclim.htm). Abbreviations used in the text: ** - taxon new for the science (and for the fauna of Bulgaria); **GR: - taxon new for the fauna of Greece; * - species new for fauna of the Western Rhodopes; § - species incorrectly cited for the region and consequently excluded from the list; ? – species referred with reservation for the list; [ ] – species cited only with locality “Rhodopes”; AS – A. Slivov leg.; BO – B. Guéorguiev leg.; BP – B. Petrov leg.; BU – Bulgarian part of the Western Rhodopes; BZ – B. Zacharieva leg.; DB – D. Bocharov leg.; DC – D. Chobanov leg.; DD – D. Delchev leg.; DI – D. Iltcheff leg.; DJ – D. Joakimov leg.; DR – D. Rajchev leg.; EM – E. Migliacchio leg.; f. - female/s; GP – G. Peschev leg.; GR - Greek part of the Western Rhodopes; HB – H. Bußler leg.; IB – I. Buresch leg.; IK – I. Krasteva leg.; IV – I. Vassilev leg.; IZ – I. Zonkow leg; JG – J. Ganev leg.; JM – J. Muilwijk leg.; JO – J. Mařan leg.; JU – J. Milde leg.; LP – L. Penev leg.; m. - male/s; MA – E. Manasieva leg.; MJ – M. Josifov leg.; NR – N. Radev leg.; NS – N. Stojanow leg.; PB – P. Beron leg.; PD – P. Drenski leg.; PM – P. Mitov leg.; PS – P. Stoev leg.; RB – R. Bekchiev leg.; s. - specimen/s; SC – H. Schmalfuss leg.; TI – T. Ivanova leg.; UR – J. Urumow leg.; VG – V. Guéorguiev leg.; VI – V. Iliev leg.; VS – V. Sakalian leg.; cHF – private collection H. Fery leg.; cWR - private collection D.W. Wrase; DEI - Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Deutschen Akademie der Landwirtswissenschaften zu Berlin, Müncheberg; MNM - Magyar Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum Allattara (Hungarian Natural History Museum), Budapest; NMNHS - National Museum of Natural History, Sofia; NMW - collection Naturhistorisches Museum Wien; ZMHU – Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Bereich Zoologisches Museum, Berlin. Systematic part Carabidae Leistus (Leistus) ferrugineus (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Rhodopes by Plovdiv (APFELBECK, 1904: 51); new data: Batashko Blato Marsh, 11.VIII.1925, 1 s., PD; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM. * Leistus (Pogonophorus) magnicollis Motschulsky, 1866 BG: Shiroka Laka, 27.VI.1924, 1 f., PD. [Leistus (Pogonophorus) parvicollis Chaudoir, 1869] BG: “Rhodopes” (APFELBECK, 1904: 50). Forest living species, which is known only with three records in Bulgaria. It is likely to populate the region.
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B. GUÉORGUIEV & J. M. LOBO Leistus (Pogonophorus) rufomarginatus (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Bachkovo (GUÉORGUIEV, 1992: 62).
Leistus (Pogonophorus) spinibarbis rufipes Chaudoir, 1843 BG: Bachkovski Monastery, V (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 6); Bachkovo (RAMBOUSEK, 1912: 67). § Nebria (Alpaeus) hybrida rhodopensis Horvatovich, 1973 BG: “Rhodope” (type locality of ssp. rhodopensis; HORVATOVICH, 1973: 280). In the past the eastern part of Rila Mt. was treated as part of the Rhodopes. HIEKE & WRASE (1998: 23, sub N. germari hybrida Rottenberg, 1874) reasonably suggested that the data on the Rhodopes pertains to Rila. GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV (1995a: 56-57) indicated the taxon as belonging to the Rhodopes without adequate consideration. Presently, based on the revised material (DEI; NMW), the first author concluded that the type series collected by M. Hilf in the locality “Rhodope”, actually refers to Rila Mt. * Nebria (Alpaeus) rhilensis J. Frivaldszky, 1879 BG: “Bulgarien Rodopen Batak 3.VIII.87 leg. Arndt”, 3 s. (ZMHU); “Bulgaria, Rodopi mts Černatica-Goljam Persenk: 1400-1900 m 1996-06-24 Libor Klíma lgt.”, 4 s. (cWR); along a stream below Perelik Mount, 1950-2000 m, 23.V.2004, 2 m., 1 f., under stones in snow-drift, BG; along a stream below Perelik Mount, 1950-2000 m, 17.VII.2005, 3 f., BO. This high mountain species was known until now only from the subalpine and alpine belts of the massifs of Rila and Pirin. The recent species findings from the massifs of Batashki Snezhnik, Persenk and Perelik are a surprise, for its occurrence in the Syutka Massif is also presumed. [Nebria (Eunebria) jockischi jockischi Sturm, 1815 [= nigricornis A. Villa & G.B. Villa, 1833]] BG: “Rhodopes” (HORION, 1941: 76; BÄNNINGER, 1949: 128, sub N. nigricornis). The exact locality of this glacial relict is obscure. Only the future collections will give answer to the question whether it lives in the Western Rhodopes. Nebria (Nebria) brevicollis (Fabricius, 1792) BG: Rozhen; Ruen (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 22); new data: Bachkovo, 3 s., JO; Bachkovski Monastery, 30.V.1976, 1 s., JG. * Notiophilus aestuans Dejean, 1826 BG: near Chairski Ezera Lakes, 1400 m, 30.XI.1993, 1 s., BP. Notiophilus aquaticus (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Momchil Yunak Hut (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 24); new data: Jundola, 1850 m, 11.VIII.1939, 1 s., PD. Notiophilus biguttatus (Fabricius, 1779) BG: Batak; Batashki Snezhnik Peak, 1800 m; Churen, 1800 m; Pamporovo, 1600 m (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 25); new data: Chatalka Peak, 2.X.1991, 2 s., DR; Rozhen,
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14.VI.1992, 2 s., DR; Samurski Dol, 29.VI.1992, 2 s., DR; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Bachkovo, VII.1997, JM.; Kanina River near Kovachevitsa, 940 m, 1.VIII.2001, 2 s., BG; Dospat Dam at Sarnitsa, 1200 m, 26.VI.2002, 11 s., EM; Arda, 31.V.2005, 1 s., shifting litter, RB; in front of Lednitsata cave near Gela, 1620 m, 19.IX.2005, 1 s., spruce litter-moss, BP. Notiophilus germinyi Fauvel, 1863 [= hypocrita Putzeys, 1866 nec Curtis, 1829] BG: Batak (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 24, sub N. hypocrita Putzeys); Chepelare, 1100 m, VIII (VASSILEV & NECHEVA, 1989: 50, sub N. hypocrita Putzeys). Notiophilus palustris (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 24). Notiophilus rufipes Curtis, 1829 BG: Alabak, VI (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 6); new data: Kanina River near Kovachevitsa, 940 m, 1.VIII.2001, 1 s., BG; along a stream below Perelik Mount, 1950-2000 m, 23.V.2004, 1 s., under stones in snowdrift, BG; Gorno Fatovo, 1123 m, 28.V.2005, 1 s., shifting litter, RB. Notiophilus substriatus C.R. Waterhouse, 1833 BG: Rozhen (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 25). Loricera (Loricera) pilicornis pilicornis (Fabricius, 1775) BG: Devin, 700 m, VIII (VASSILEV, 1988a: 85). Calomera fischeri fischeri (M.F. Adams, 1817) BG: Batak, IV; Hrabrino (= Sotir) (GANEV, 1984: 124, sub Cicindela fischeri); new data: between Peshtera and Batak, 25.IV.1949, 1 s. Cicindela (Cicindela) campestris Linnaeus, 1758 s. l. BG: Karlak (= Golyam Snezhnik) Peak, 2000 m (APFELBECK, 1904: 6); Syutka Peak; Dospat, VIII; Trigrad; Gjovren, VI; Batak; Velingrad, VI; Rhodopes – Belovo, IV; Peshtera; Bachkovo; Hvojna; Krichimska kurja, V; Rhodopes – Belovo, IV (KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 106, sub C. campestris var. palustris); Chepelare; Zdravets; Bezovo Hut; Gonda Voda Hut; to 1300 m; IV-VIII (ANGELOV, 1965: 130); Rozhen; Zdravets Hut; Momchil Yunak Hut; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 10); new data: Bachkovski Monastery, 9.VII.1965, 1 m., 1 f., DB; Persenk Peak, 2000 m, 10.V.1975, 3 s.; Ognyanovo, 28.IV.1987, 2 s., VS; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; Pamporovo, 1500 m, 23.VII.2001, 2 s., EM. KRYZHANOVSKIJ et al. (1995: 26) stated that C. campestris palustris Motschuslky, 1840 is a synonym of C. campestris pontica Fischer von Waldheim, 1825, while PUCHKOV & MATALIN (2003) considered it valid subspecies, which does not live in Bulgaria. Here the species is regarded in a wider sense. Cicindela (Cicindela) hybrida hybrida Linnaeus, 1758 BG: Hrabrino (= Sotir) (APFELBECK, 1904: 5); Hrabrino, VI (ANGELOV, 1964: 308); Smolyan; Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1965: 130); Rozhen; Bachkovski Monastery (HIEKE &
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WRASE, 1988: 10); Bachkovo, VI-VII; Bachkovski Monastery, VII; Krichim; Asenovgrad, VII (GEBERT, 1995: 16, sub C. sahlbergi albanica); new data: Dospat, 2.VII.1961, 1 s., GP; Persenk, 7.VIII.1974, 1 s. / 10.V.1975, 6 s. / 14.VII.1975, 1 s.; Orpheus Hut, 9-12.V.1979, 3 s., AS; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM. GEBERT (op. cit.) recorded C. monticola albanica Apfelbeck, 1909 for Bulgaria and ignored the presence of C. hybrida in the country. Contrary, PUCHKOV & MATALIN (2003) expressed opposite opinion. Cicindela (Cicindela) sylvicola Dejean, 1822 BG: Rhodopes – Belovo (KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 99); Pamporovo, 1750 m; Chepelare, 1200 m, VIII; Dorkovo, VII (GANEV, 1984: 124). Cicindela (Cicindela) transversalis transversalis Dejean, 1822 [= riparia Dejean, 1822] BG: Velingrad; Batak, V; Bachkovski Monastery, V; Dospat, VIII (KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 102, sub C. hybrida var. riparia). Cylindera (Cylindera) germanica germanica (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Batak (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 10, sub Cicindela germanica). Cylindera (Eugrapha) arenaria viennensis (Schrank, 1781) BG: Bachkovski Monastery, V (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 5, sub Cicindela litterata). Cylindera litterata (Sulzer, 1776) is a synonym of C. arenaria arenaria Füessly, 1775, the latter being a subspecies with West European type of distribution. Calosoma (Acalosoma) inquisitor inquisitor (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Karlak, 2100 m (= Golyam Snezhnik) Peak (APFELBECK, 1904: 15); Asenovgrad, V (BURESCH & KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 63); Hrabrino, V; Bryanovishtitsa Hut, 930 m, V (ANGELOV, 1965: 131); along Chepinska River and Alabak (JONKOVA, 1989: 27). A protected species in Bulgaria. Calosoma (Calosoma) sycophanta (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Asenovgrad (APFELBECK, 1904: 16); Krichimska Kuriya, V; Rhodopes – Belovo; Asenovgrad, IV (BURESCH & KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 64); Bryanovishtitsa Hut, 930 m, V (ANGELOV, 1965: 131); Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 12); along Chepinska River and Alabak (JONKOVA, 1989: 27). This species is included in the lists of IUCN (until 2000), ESC, and CORINE and is also a protected species in Bulgaria. Carabus (Archicarabus) montivagus montivagus Palliardi, 1825 BG: Rhodopes – Belovo, IV (BURESCH & KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 98); Chehljovo (KANTARDJIEVA - MINKOVA, 1934: 220); Zdravets Hut, V (ANGELOV, 1965: 132); Velingrad; Pamporovo, 1500 m (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988:18); new data: Devin, 10.VI.1976, 1 f., JG; Batak Dam, 11-16.VIII.1990, 1 s. in traps (ecotone forest / meadow habitat), MA. ? Carabus (Archicarabus) nemoralis nemoralis O. F. Müller, 1764 BG: Bachkovo, VII (GUÉORGUIEV, 1989: 82). BOUSQUET et al. (2003: 130) omitted this species for Bulgaria. However, we cannot accept such an elimination (see
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also GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995a: 45) based on the fact that the funds of NMNHS preserve the material previously cited for Bulgaria. Carabus (Archicarabus) wiedemanni wiedemanni Ménétriés, 1836 BG: Persenk Mine, VIII (GUÉORGUIEV, 1989: 83). Carabus (Chaetocarabus) intricatus intricatus Linnaeus, 1761 [= starensis Born, 1918] BG: Rhodopes – Belovo station; Perushtitsa, VIII (BURESCH & KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 85, sub C. intricatus starensis); Bratsigovo; Zdravets Hut, 1180 m; Bryanovishtitsa Hut, 930 m; Narechen; IV-V; VII (ANGELOV, 1965: 131, sub C. intricatus starensis); Bachkovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 16); new data: 4 km S of Batak, 1100-1300 m, 14.IV.2005, 1 m., 1 f., under stump in mixed Fagus/Pinus forest, PS. Species in the lists of IUCN, ESC and CORINE. Carabus (Megodontus) violaceus azurescens Dejean, 1826 [= rilvensis H. Kolbe, 1887; balcanicus Lapouge, 1901] BG: Karlak (= Golyam Snezhnik) Peak, 2000 m, VI (APFELBECK, 1904: 28, sub C. violaceus rilvensis; BURESCH & KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 83, sub C. violaceus balcanicus); Alabak (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 6); Batak, 1400 m (BURESCH & KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 83, sub C. violaceus balcanicus; HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 15); Rhodopes – Belovo; Beglika, 1400 m, VI; Devin, VI; Bachkovo, VIII (BURESCH & KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 83, sub C. violaceus balcanicus); Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, V; Erkyupriya Hut, 1400 m; Prespa Hut, 1800 m (ANGELOV, 1965: 131, sub C. violaceus balcanicus); Batashki Snezhnik Peak, 1800 m; Velingrad; Modar Hut; Pamporovo, 1500 m (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 15); Rozhen, IX (GUÉORGUIEV & MUILWIJK, 2001: 112); new data: Dospat, 30.VIII.1980, 1 m., 2 f., IV; Orpheus Hut, 1200 m, 10.X.1981, 1 f., LP; Rhozen, 8-9.IX.1992, 3 s., BG; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Bachkovo, VII.1997, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM. Here C. violaceus rilvensis is regarded a variation of C. violaceus azurescens, and not as distinct subspecies. Carabus (Oreocarabus) hortensis hortensis Linnaeus, 1758 [= rhodopensis Apfelbeck, 1904] BG: Pepelasha River (APFELBECK, 1904: 41, sub C. hortensis rhodopensis); Alabak, VI (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 6); Chepelare, VI (NEDELKOV, 1909: 6; BURESCH & KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 103, sub C. hortensis rhodopensis; BREUNING, 1928: 116; HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 20); Rhodopes - Belovo; Byala Cherkva, VIII; Dospat, VIII (BURESCH & KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 103, sub C. hortensis rhodopensis); Pepelasha River (BREUNING, 1828: 116); Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 20); new data: Dospat, 2.VII.1961, 2 s., JO; Pamporovo, VIII.1992, 1 s., DR; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM; Dupcheto Cave near Velingrad, 9.VIII.1997, 1 s., BP. Carabus (Pachystus) cavernosus cavernosus I. Frivaldszky von Frivald, 1838 BG: Hvojna (RAMBOUSEK, 1912: 64).
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Carabus (Procerus) gigas gigas Creutzer, 1799 BG: Velingrad, VI-VII (ANGELOV, 1965: 131, sub Procerus gigas; BURESCH & KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 66, sub Procerus gigas); Rhodopes – Belovo (BURESCH & KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 66, sub Procerus gigas; BREUNING, 1928: 108); Alabak, VII; Peshtera, VI (BURESCH & KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 66, sub Procerus gigas); Batak; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 13); along Chepinska River and Alabak (JONKOVA, 1989: 27); new data: Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM. A protected species in Bulgaria. Carabus (Procerus) scabrosus bureschianus Breuning, 1928 BG: Alabak, VI (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 6, sub Procerus scabrosus Olivier); above Asenovgrad; Chepelare (NEDELKOV, 1909: 5, sub Procerus scabrosus Olivier); Bachkovski Monastery, V; Gjovren near Trigrad, VI; Krichim Gorge (BURESCH & KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 66, sub Procerus scabrosus Olivier); Bachkovo (type locality of ssp. bureschianus); Chepelare; Devin (BREUNING, 1928: 109, sub C. scabrosus var. bureschianus); Ruen Hut, 1200 m; place Ravnishta, Chernatitsa Mt.; IV-V, VII-VIII (ANGELOV, 1965: 131, sub Procerus scabrosus Olivier); Bachkovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 13); along Chepinska River and Alabak (JONKOVA, 1989: 27); new data: Shamanitsa Bridge near Trigrad, 13.V.1966, V. Beshkov obs.; Devin, 10.VI.1976, 1 s., JG; Bachkovo, 300-350 m, 11.XI.2001, 1 s., DC. It is more reasonable to accept this taxon as a subspecies of C. scabrosus Olivier, 1790 (BOUSQUET t al., 2003: 185) rather than as a subspecies of the not well defined C. sommeri (the latter is currently treated as a subspecies of C. scabrosus). A protected species in Bulgaria. GR: Prasinada, VI-VII; Dipotama, VI-VII; Paranesti, VII (ETONTI, 1993: 117-118). Carabus (Procrustes) coriaceus cerisyi Dejean, 1826 [= hopffgarteni (Kraatz, 1877)] BG: Karlak (= Golyam Snezhnik) Peak, 2100 m (APFELBECK, 1904: 22, sub C. coriaceus hopffgarteni); Rhodopes – Belovo; Bachkovo, V; Byala Cherkva, VIII; Batashki Snezhnik, VI; Shiroka Laka, VI; Devin, VI (BURESCH & KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 72, sub C. coriaceus hopffgarteni); Chepelare, VI (BURESCH & KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 72, sub C. coriaceus hopffgarteni; HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 14); Zdravets Hut, 1180 m (ANGELOV, 1965: 131); Batak; Modar Hut; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 14); new data: Dospat, 800 m, 14.VIII.1991, 1 f., BP; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM; between Yakoruda and Velingrad, 20.VII.2001, 2 s., EM. Here C. coriaceus hopffgarteni is treated as a variation of C. coriaceus cerisyi, and not as a distinct subspecies. Carabus (Tachypus) cancellatus intermedius Dejean, 1826 [= balcanicus Born, 1899; drenskyi Breuning, 1928 BG: place Hasa Kurja, VI (type locality of var. drenskyi; BREUNING, 1928: 114, sub C. cancellatus var. drenskyi); Bryanovishtitsa Hut, 930 m, V (ANGELOV, 1965: 132, sub C. cancellatus balcanicus). Here C. cancellatus balcanicus is regarded as a variation of C. cancellatus intermedius, and not as a distinct subspecies. Carabus (Tomocarabus) convexus dilatatus Dejean, 1826 [= hornschuchi Hoppe & Hornschuch, 1825]
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BG: Krichimska Kurja, IV; Rhodopes – Golyamo Belovo; Peshtera, VI; Chepelare, VIVII; Shiroka Laka, VI; Chehljovo, VIII (BURESCH & KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 86-87, sub Tomocarabus convexus); Devin, VI; Karlak (= Golyam Snezhnik) Peak (BURESCH & KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 87, sub T. convexus Fabricius; BREUNING, 1928: 112); Rhodopes – Belovo (BREUNING, 1928: 112, sub C. convexus var. hornschuchi); Karlak (= Golyam Snezhnik) Peak, 2100 m (BREUNING, 1933: 870, sub C. convexus n. gracilior & C. convexus dilatatus); Zdravets Hut; Vassil Kolarov Dam; V-VI (ANGELOV, 1965: 132); Velingrad; Bachkovo; Churen Hut, 1550 m; Pamporovo, 1500 m (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 19); new data: Chepelare, 22.V.1994, 1 s., DR; Pamporovo, 18.V.1995, 1 s., DR; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM. Carabus (T.) convexus gracilior Géhin, 1885 lives in the marginal areas of eastern Bulgaria, in places with low altitudes, so its mention in the local fauna concerns the subspecies dilatatus. Carabus (Trachycarabus) scabriusculus bulgarus Lapouge, 1908 BG: Asenovgrad (APFELBECK, 1904: 38); Ruen Hut, 1200 m, V; Yavorovo, V (ANGELOV, 1965: 132); Rhodopes - Belovo; Chehljovo, VIII; Velingrad, VII; Asenovgrad, V; Hvojna, VII; Batak, V (BURESCH & KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 96). BOUSQUET et al. (2003: 199) omitted this subspecies from the list of the Palaearctic carabid beetles, probably by mistake. In fact this well differentiated race of C. scabriusculus Olivier, 1795 inhabits Bulgaria. Cychrus semigranosus balcanicus Hopffgarten, 1881 BG: Trigrad, VI; Chepelare (BURESCH & KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 61); Zdravets Hut; Erkyupriya Hut; until 1500 m, V-VI (ANGELOV, 1965: 130, sub C. balcanicus); Bachkovo; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 20); new data: “Čepelare, 750 m, Reiser V/VI.73 b,k”, 2 s. (NMW); Ruen Hut, 1200 m, 25.IX.1993, 1 s., PS; around Sbirkova Peshtera Cave, 10.V.1994, 1 s., DR; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Martsiganitsa Hut, entrance of Ivanova Voda Cave, 1323 m, 22.V.2005, 1 s., PS. * Elaphrus (Elaphroterus) aureus aureus P.W.J. Müller, 1821 BG: Chepinska River near Velingrad, 15.VI.1960, 3 s., DB; Batak Dam, 11-16.VIII. 1990, 1 s., MA. Elaphrus (Elaphroterus) ullrichi W. Redtenbacher, 1842 BG: Sarnitsa, VII (GUÉORGUIEV & MUILWIJK, 2000: 81); new data: Dospat, 20.VII.1997, 1 s., JM. A rare hygrophilous species which was recently found in Bulgaria, where it is known only from the Western Rhodopes. GOULET (2003: 206) omitted it for Bulgaria. Elaphrus (Elaphrus) riparius (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Batak (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 26); new data: Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM.; Batak Dam, 1140 m, 2.V.2002, 6 s. / 28.VI.2002, 6 s., EM. Elaphrus (Neoelaphrus) uliginosus Fabricius, 1792 [= purkynei Obenberger, 1917] BG: Chepelare (type locality of var. purkynei; OBENBERGER, 1917: 9, sub E. uliginosus purkynei); Bachkovo; Momchil Yunak Hut (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 26); new data: Perelik, 2000 m, 10.VII.1979, 2 s., MJ; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM.
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Omophron (Omophron) limbatum (Fabricius, 1777) BG: Bachkovski Monastery; Pamporovo; Chepelare (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 23); new data: Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM. Paussus turcicus I. Frivaldszky von Frivald, 1835 BG: Krichim (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 12). * Aptinus (Aptinus) bombarda (Illiger, 1800) BG: Gjovren, X.1993, 1 f., soil traps, DR. Brachinus (Brachinus) crepitans (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Ruen Hut (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 164); new data: Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM. [Brachinus (Brachinus) psophia Audinet-Serville, 1821] BG: Rhodopi, V (NEDELKOV, 1909: 14). The species has still not been proved for the local fauna. Brachinus (Brachynidius) explodens Duftschmid, 1812 BG: Bachkovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 166); new data: Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM. Clivina (Clivina) collaris (Herbst, 1784) BG: Chepelare; Pamporovo; Smolyan (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 28); new data: Chepelare, 22.V.1994, 6 s., DR; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM. Clivina (Clivina) fossor fossor (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Orpheus Hut (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 27); new data: Dospat, 2.VII.1961, 1 s., JO; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM. * Dyschirius (Dyschiriodes) agnatus Motschulsky, 1844 BG: Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM. Scarites (Parallelomorphus) terricola terricola Bonelli, 1813 BG: Rhodopes – St. Petar Monastery (NEDELKOV, 1909: 7). Broscus cephalotes (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Batak; Batak Dam (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 34); new data: Vacha River near Nastan, 19.VII.2005, 1 s., BO. * Asaphidion caraboides balcanicus Netolitzky, 1918 BG: Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM. * Asaphidion f lavipes (Linnaeus, 1761) BG: Trigrad, VII.1997, JM. MARGGI et al. (2003: 242) omitted this species for Bulgaria, probably by mistake. HIEKE & WRASE (1988: 42) and GUÉORGUIEV &
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GUÉORGUIEV (1995a: 91) mentioned some records from the country. One of the present authors also cited material of this species (GUÉORGUIEV, 1996: 31). * Asaphidion rossii (Schaum, 1857) BG: Chepinska River near Velingrad, 15.VI.1960, 1 m., DB. According to JEANNEL (1941: 548, Fig. 206-f) the median lobe of the aedeagus of this species is similar, but of course not identical (see Fig. 1), with that of Asaphidion caraboides (Schrank, 1781) s. l. The species was cited only once for Bulgaria (GUÉORGUIEV, 1992: 64), so here it is confirmed for the fauna of the country. Bembidion (Bembidion) quadrimaculatum quadrimaculatum (Linnaeus, 1761) BG: Batak (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 60); new data: Batak Dam, 1140 m, 28.VI.2002, 4 s., EM. * Bembidion (Bembidion) quadripustulatum quadripustulatum Audinet-Serville, 1821 BG: Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM. MARGGI et al. (2003: 244) omitted this taxon for Bulgaria. However, GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV (1995a: 98) cited some records for the country. After this the first author also studied some additional material (unpublished data). * Bembidion (Bembidionetolitzkya) concoeruleum Netolitzky, 1943 BG: Dobrostan Mt., Mostovo, 20.X.1994, 4 m., BO. Besides the males just mentioned, the aedeagus of another male specimen labelled “Philipopel Netolitzky” (NMW) was examined and compared with the type of Bembidion concoeruleum (type locality: “Herkulesbad”, NMW). There are slight differences in the external shapes of penisi, so the conspecificity of the two specimens is under question. Bembidion (Bembidionetolitzkya) geniculatum geniculatum Heer, 1837 BG: Batak; Chepelare; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 48); new data: Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996, JM; Smolyan, 4.VIII.1996, JM; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; along a river at Bujnovsko Gorge, 900-1000 m, 3.VIII.2001, 4 s., BG; river near Sokolovtsi, 1000 m, 16.VII.2005, 1 m., 1 f., BO.
Figure 1. Asaphidion rossii (Schaum), lateral aspect of median lobe of aedeagus. Scale line = 2 mm.
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Bembidion (Bembidionetolitzkya) tibiale (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Batak; Churen; Chepelare; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 47); new data: Zabardo, 900 m, 19.X.1994, 1 m., 2 f.; Smolyan, 4.VIII.1996, JM; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Kanina River near Kovachevitsa, 940 m, 1.VIII.2001, 1 f., BG; along a river at Bujnovsko Gorge, 900-1000 m, 3.VIII.2001, 2 m., 2 f., BG; river near Sokolovtsi, 1000 m, 16.VII.2005, 5 m., 4 f., BG; Vucha River near Nastan, 19.VII.2005, 2 m., 2 f., BO. This member of the subgenus appears to be the most common one in the region. Bembidion (Bembidionetolitzkya) varicolor varicolor (Fabricius, 1803) [= tricolor (Fabricius, 1801)] BG: Chepinska River near Velingrad, 15.VI.1960, 1 f., DB; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; new data: Vucha River near Nastan / Devin, 19.VII.2005, 6 s., BO. RAMBOUSEK (1912: 71, sub B. tricolor) cited this species referring the data as “Rhodopes”. MARGGI et al. (2003: 246) left it unmentioned for Bulgaria, but in fact GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV (1995a: 107) summarized all the data on the country known until then. After that, one of the present authors reported further data on this species (GUÉORGUIEV, 1999: 70). Bembidion (Bracteon) litorale (Olivier, 1791) BG: Batak (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 43); new data: Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM. Bembidion (Emphanes) azurescens azurescens Dalla Torre, 1877 BG: Michalkovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 58); new data: 10 km west of Dospat, 28.VII.1996, JM; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM. * Bembidion (Emphanes) normannum apfelbecki Müller-Motzfeld, 1986 BG: Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM. Bembidion (Euperyphus) testaceum testaceum (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Batak; Michalkovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 50); new data: Batak Dam, 1140 m, 28.VI.2002, 1 s., EM. Bembidion (Metallina) lampros (Herbst, 1784) BG: Batak; Batashki Snezhnik, 1000 m; Dobra Voda Hut; place Kauka near Dospat; Bachkovski Monastery; Orpheus Hut; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 44); new data: Rozhen – Observatoriyata, 8.IX.1992, 1 s., BG; place Mechkata between Chepelare and Pamporovo, 20.V.1994, 3 s., DR; Rozhen, III.1995, 1 s., DR; Chepelare, 19.V.1995, 3 s., DR; 10 km west of Dospat, 28.VII.1996, JM; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Bachkovo, VII.1997, JM; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM; Dospat Dam, 1200 m, 22.VII.2001, 1 s., EM; Arda, 31.V.2005, 1 s., shifting litter, RB; near Modarskata Peshtera Cave near Smolyan, 1600-1630 m, 19.VI.2005, 1 s., under stones, PB & PS. Bembidion (Metallina) properans (Stephens, 1828) BG Batak; Bachkovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 44); new data: Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM; Batak Dam, 1140 m, 2.V.2002, 18 s. / 28.VI.2002, 13 s., EM.
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Bembidion (Nepha) retipenne J. Müller, 1918 BG: 10 km west from Dospat (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 55); new data: Batak Dam, 1140 m, 28.VI.2002, 1 s., EM. This rare species is noted only in the Western Rhodopes in Bulgaria. Bembidion (Notaphus) varium (Olivier, 1795) BG: Batak (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 46); new data: Batak Dam, 1140 m, 28.VI.2002, 1 s., EM. Bembidion (Ocydromus) decorum decorum (Panzer, 1799) BG: Churen; Michalkovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 49); Chepelare; Pamporovo (MÜLLER-MOTZFELD, 1986: 154; HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 49); new data: Chepinska River near Velingrad, 15.VI.1960, 2 s., DB; Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996, JM; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM; river at Bujnovsko Zhdrelo Gorge, 900-1000 m, 3.VIII.2001, 1 f., BG; Vucha River between Devin and Michalkovo, 3.VIII.2001, 1 f., BG; Belitsa near Laki, 650 m, 30.VIII.2001, 1 m., BP; Vucha River near Nastan, 19.VII.2005, 3 s., BO. According to MÜLLER-MOTZFELD (1986: 154) some specimens from Chepelare and Pamporovo show transitional features between the nominotypical form and the subspecies B. decorum bodemeyeri K. Daniel & J. Daniel, 1902. Bembidion (Ocyturanes) balcanicum balcanicum Apfelbeck, 1899 BG: Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM. So far the taxon has been known only by datum “Rhodopes” (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIV, 1995a: 109). A Balkan subendemic species and subspecies. Bembidion (Odontium) striatum (Fabricius, 1792) BG: Batak (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 42). Bembidion (Omoperyphus) semibracatum Netolitzky, 1911 BG: Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 48); new data: Smolyan, 4.VIII.1996, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM. Bembidion (Peryphanes) brunnicorne brunnicorne Dejean, 1831 BG: Bachkovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 54); new data: Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; along a stream below Perelik Mount, 1950-2000 m, 23.V.2004, 1 f., under stones in snow-drift, BO. Bembidion (Peryphanes) castaneipenne Jacquelin du Val, 1852 BG: Bachkovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 54); new data: Pamporovo, 18.IV.1994, 1 s., DR; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM. Bembidion (Peryphanes) dalmatinum dalmatinum Dejean, 1831 BG: Bachkovo; Modar; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 53); new data: Rozhen, 14.VI.1992, 1 s., DR; Mostovo, 20.X.1994, 1 m., BG; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Kanina River near Kovachevitsa, 940 m, 1.VIII.2001, 1 s., BO.
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Bembidion (Peryphanes) deletum deletum Audinet-Serville, 1821 [= nitidulum (Marsham, 1802) nec Schrank, 1781] BG: Batak; Batashki Snezhnik Peak; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 53, sub B. nitidulum Marsham); new data: Devin, 2.VIII.1961, 1 s., VG; Shilesta Chuka, 8.10.1976, 2 s., DR; Rozhen, IX.1993, 1 s., DR; Pamporovo, 7.IV.1994, 1 f., DR; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; Smolyan – Mugla, 1400-1700 m, 12.VII.1997, 1 f., BP; along a stream below Perelik Mount, 1950-2000 m, 17.VII.2005, 6 s., BO. Bembidion (Peryphanes) stephensi stephensi Crotch, 1866 BG: Batak (WRASE, 1991: 6). MARGGI et al. (2003: 259) omitted this species for Bulgaria, but HIEKE & WRASE (1988: 54), WRASE (1991: 6) and GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV (1995a: 107) noted some exact localities and summarized the data known till then. Bembidion (Peryphiolus) monticola monticola Sturm, 1825 BG: Kochan, VII (VASSILEV, 1988b: 88). MARGGI et al. (2003: 260) omitted this species for Bulgaria, but GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV (1995a: 107) cited it for the country. After that one of the present authors (BVG) examined a single specimen from the Osogovo Mt. (unpublished data). * Bembidion (Peryphus) cruciatum albanicum J. Müller, 1935 BG: Chepinska River near Velingrad, 15.VI.1960, 1 f., DB. A Balkan endemic subspecies. MARGGI et al. (2003: 260) left this subspecies unmentioned for Bulgaria. Actually, HIEKE & WRASE (1988: 51) and GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV (1995a: 107) cited it with exact localities. Here, the subspecies is confirmed for Bulgaria. Bembidion (Peryphus) cruciatum bualei Jacquelin du Val, 1852 BG: Batak (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 51, sub B. andreae bualei); new data: 10 km west of Dospat, 28.VII.1996, JM; Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM; Magareshki Dol River near Borino, 1180 m, 3.VIII.2001, 1 m., BO. Bembidion (Peryphus) femoratum femoratum Sturm, 1825 BG: 10 km west of Dospat (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 51); Chepelare, 1100 m, VIII (VASSILEV & NECHEVA, 1989: 50, sub B. femoratum caucasicola); new data: Chepelare, 19.V.1995, 1 s., DR; 10 km west of Dospat, 28.VII.1996, JM; Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996; Smolyan, 4.VIII.1996, JM; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM; Magareshki Dol River near Borino, 1180 m, 1 m., 3.VIII.2001, BO. Bembidion femoratum caucasicola Netolitzky, 1918 is a subspecies cited only from European Turkey in the Balkan Peninsula. Bembidion (Peryphus) subcostatum vau Netolitzky, 1913 [= javurkovae Fassati, 1944, syn. n.; spartanum Fassati, 1944, syn. n.] BG: 10 km west of Dospat; Batak; Rhodopes – St. Petka Monastery; Churen; Chepelare; Orpheus Hut; Michalkovo; Pamporovo; Smolyan (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 52, sub Bembidion subcostatum javurkovae); new data: Chepinska River near Velingrad,
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15.VI.1960, 1 f., DB; Chepelare, 28.VIII.1987, 1 f. / 15.IV / 22.V.1994, 5 m., DR; Mostovo, 1000 m, 17-19.IV.1993, 5 s., PS; Rozhen, IX.1993, 1 s., DR; Batashki Snezhnik, 1700-1900 m, 14-15.VIII.1995, 1 m., spruce forest, BG; 10 km west Dospat, 28.VII.1996, JM; Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996, JM; Smolyan, 4.VIII.1996, JM; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Bachkovo, VII.1997, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM; 2 km S Barutin 27.IV.1998, 1 m., BP; Dospat Dam at Sarnitsa, 1200 m, 22.VII.2001, 2 s. / 26.VI.2002, 1 s., EM; Beglica Dam, 1600 m, 2.VIII.2001, 1 f., BG; Vucha River between Devin and Michalkovo, 3.VIII.2001, 1 f., BO. Type material examined. BOSNIA HERZEGOVINA. Cotype of B. subcostatum vau Netolytzky, 1913 labelled “Brčko Bosnia” / “Type! Netolitzky” / “ustulatus det. Netolitzky ab. vau Netol.” / “brachypterus rud. = 2/3 elytr.” / “Type” / “subcostatum n. vau Net. imnaturam” (NMW). GREECE. Cotype of B. ustulatum var. falaciosum J.R. Sahlberg, 1813 labelled “Lesbos” / “J. Sahlb.” (MNM). CZECHIA (MORAVIA). Cotype of B. subcostatum javurkovae Fassati, 1944 labelled “Col. Javurková Uh. Hradište VII.43” / “Collectio M. Fassati” / “Cotypus” / “subcostatum ssp. javurkovae m. cotypus 3.44 det. M. Fassati” (NMW). GREECE. Cotype of B. subcostatum spartanum Fassati, 1944 labelled “Sparta, Pelopones Mařan et Step. 1935 Coll. Barton” / “Collectio M. Fassati” / “coll. Paul Meyer” / “Cotypus” / “subcostatum ssp. spartanum m. 20.44 det. M. Fassati” (NMW). Other material examined. Bembidion (Peryphus) subcostatum vau Netolitzky, 1913. ALBANIA. “Alban. Exp.’18 Kula Ljums 26.VI.-3.VII.”, 4 s. (NMW); “Tirana Alb. dch. Winkler 42”, 2 s. (NMW). BULGARIA. “Kazanlik, Bulg. Netolizky”, 2 s. (NMW); “Sofia, Bulg.”, 2 s. (NMW). MACEDONIA. “Skoplje Jugoslavien V.1937 Dr. R . Meyer”, 2 s. (NMW). MONTENEGRO. Drin Orsk, Alb. Radavac 15.8.31 dch. Winkler 1942", 1 s. (NMW). Bembidion subcostatum javurkovae Fassati, 1944. ALBANIA. “Bushek Juni” / “Berat Alban. mer.” / “Albania leg. Bischoff. 1932”, 2 s. (NMW); “Berat, Alb. Dch. Winkler”, 1 s. (NMW); “Scutari Alb. Dr. J. Müller”, 1 s. (NMW). “MACEDONIA. “ Velež Matzenauer”, 1 s. (NMW); “Monastir Serbia”, 5 s. (NMW). Bembidion subcostatum spartanum Fassati, 1944. ALBANIA. “Bushek Juni” / “Berat Alban. mer.” / “Albania leg. Bischoff. 1932”, 2 s. (NMW); “Lumi i Bences Tepelene Alb. M.”, 1 s. (NMW). MACEDONIA. “Uskub (Scopos) Babadjamtes”, 1 s. (NMW). The differentiation of the above three subspecies of Bembidion subcostatum (Motschulsky, 1850) s. l. is most often highly problematic, almost impossible, and for that reason it seems to be unnatural. The examination of the respective material and the reading of the original descriptions of the three taxa showed lack of any stable special features distinguishing them. The diagnostic characters used by FASSATI (1944), mostly the extent of development of the wings, to differentiate the separate races have too inconstant character or are in fact unimportant. In order to display the more natural intraspecific relationships of Bembidion subcostatum (Motschulsky, 1850) s. l. the following synonymy is
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proposed: Bembidion (Peryphus) subcostatum vau Netolitzky, 1913 (type locality: “Ungarn, Balkan”, after CSIKI, 1928) = Bembidion (Peryphus) subcostatum javurkovae Fassati, 1944 (type locality: “Okolí Uherského Hradištì, jižní Morava”), syn. n.; Bembidion (Peryphus) subcostatum vau Netolitzky, 1913 (type locality: “Ungarn, Balkan”, after CSIKI, 1928) = Bembidion (Peryphus) subcostatum spartanum Fassati, 1944 (type locality: “Sparta”), syn. n. Bembidion (Philochthus) guttula guttula (Fabricius, 1792) BG: Batak (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 61). Bembidion (Philochthus) inoptatum Schaum, 1857 BG: Ognyanovo above Gotse Delchev, 750 m, VIII (VASSILEV & NECHEVA, 1989: 50). Bembidion (Philochthus) mannerheimi C.R. Sahlberg, 1827 [= unicolor Chaudoir, 1850] BG: Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 61, sub B. unicolor); Devin, 700 m, VIII (VASSILEV, 1988a: 85, sub B. unicolor). Bembidion (Princidium) punctulatum punctulatum Drapiez, 1820 BG: Pamporovo; Michalkovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 45); new data: Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996, JM; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Vucha River near Nastan, 19.VII.2005, 1 s., BO. MARGGI et al. (2003: 266) omitted this subspecies for Bulgaria, but actually GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV (1995a: 95) recorded much data indicating its presence in the country. The first author here also studied additional material (unpublished data). Bembidion (Synechostictus) millerianum Heyden, 1883 BG: Churen; Chepelare; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 56); new data: Zabardo, 19.X.1994, 1 s., DR; Mostovo, 20.X.1994, 1 s., BG: Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996, JM; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; along a stream at Bujnovsko Zhdrelo Gorge, 9001000 m, 3.VIII.2001, 1 f., BG; Vucha River near Nastan, 19.VII.2005, 3 s., BO. MARGGI et al. (2003: 268) left this species unmentioned for Bulgaria, but GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV (1995a: 103) cited it for the country. One of the present authors as well studied and cited data on it (GUÉORGUIEV, 1999: 70). Bembidion (Synechostictus) stomoides stomoides Dejean, 1831 BG: Batak (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 56); new data: Smolyan, 4.VIII.1996, JM. ? Bembidion (Testediolum) glaciale Heer, 1837 BG: Devin, 700 m, VIII (VASSILEV, 1992: 26). Glacial relict with South European subalpine and alpine range. MARGGI et al. (2003: 268) omitted it for Bulgaria, but GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV (1995a: 114) had previously noted several references. In fact, the first author here has never studied specimens from Bulgaria. Two specimens cited by GUÉORGUIEV (1988: 75) and GUÉORGUIEV (1990: 135) were found in NMNHS, they were revised and referred to B. (Nepha) caucasicum. The presence of B. glaciale in Bulgaria remains doubtful.
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Bembidion (Testedium) bipunctatum nivale Heer, 1837 BG: Pamporovo; Batashki Snezhnik Peak (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 45); new data: Batashki Snezhnik Peak, 1950-2030 m, 14.-15.VIII.1995, 5 s., BG; along a stream below Perelik Mount, 1950-2000 m, 17.VII.2005, 3 s., BO. Glacial relict with South European subalpine and alpine distribution. Bembidion (Trepanes) articulatum (Panzer, 1796) BG: Batak; Churen (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 60); new data: Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996, JM; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM. Bembidion (Trepanes) maculatum maculatum Dejean, 1831 BG: Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 60). A rare species, known only from two records in Bulgaria (op. cit.). * Tachyta (Tachyta) nana nana (Gyllenhal, 1810) BG: near Sokolovtsi, 1000 m, 16.VII.2005, 1 f., under bark of coniferous tree, BO. Tachyura (Tachyura) diabrachys (Kolenati, 1845) BG: Bachkovo (GUÉORGUIEV, 1992: 63, sub Tachys sexstriatus); Michalkovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 65, sub Tachys diabrachys bisbimaculatus); new data: Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996, JM; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Vucha River near Nastan, 19.VII.2005, 1 s., BO. Tachyura bisbimaculata (Chevrolat, 1860) is a North African species occurring only Sicily in Europe, so the data of HIEKE & WRASE (op. cit.) are referred to T. diabrachys. § Tachyura (Tachyura) sexstriata (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Bachkovo (GUÉORGUIEV, 1992: 63, sub Tachys sexstriatus). APFELBECK (1892; 1904) and RAMBOUSEK (1912) cited T. sexstriata for Bulgaria, as probably the latter author repeated the data of the former. However, Apfelbeck did not record T. diabrachys from the Balkan Peninsula and that gives us reason to believe that he has mixed both taxa. Recently, KOPECKÝ (2003: 279) listed T. sexstriata for Bulgaria. The first author revised the only specimen cited by GUÉORGUIEV (1992) and ascertained that it belongs to T. diabrachys (see preceding species). The check of material from ZMHU and NMW demonstrates that T. sexstriata has a Western European type of distribution. Based on the above considerations, this species is excluded from the list of the Bulgarian fauna. Partobus atrorufus (Ström, 1768) BG: Chepelare, VI (GUÉORGUIEV, 1992: 65). Perileptus (Perileptus) areolatus areolatus (Creutzer, 1799) BG: Chepelare; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 34). Duvalius (Paraduvalius) bureschi Jeannel, 1928 BG: Lepenitsa Cave near Velingrad, V, VIII (type locality; JEANNEL, 1928: 444; GUÉORGUIEV, 1965b: 150; GUÉORGUIEV, 2004b: 97); Dupcheto Cave (GUÉORGUIEV, 2004b: 97); new data: Dupcheto Cave, 966 m, 18.VI.2005, 1 f., PB & PS. A local endemic species.
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Duvalius (Paraduvalius) karelhurkai Farkać, 1990 BG: Erkyupriya Cave near Mostovo, VII (type locality; FARKAĆ, 1990: 352). A local endemic species. ** Duvalius (Paraduvalius) nedelkovi B. V. Guéorguiev sp. n. Type material. HT $ labelled: “Bulgaria, Western Rhodopes, Radyuva Planina, Prikazna Cave (¹ 3688), NW from Dryanovo Village, 1120 m, 9.X.2005, B. Petrov leg.” (NMNHS). Other (not type) material. 1 # represented only by elytra (including meso-, metasternum and abdomen), labelled as HT (NMNHS). Diagnosis. The new species is most closely related to Duvalius (Paraduvalius) karelhurkai Farkać, 1990. It is distinct from the latter in the different shape of the copulatory piece, the smaller sizes of the body, antennae and aedeagus, as well as the traceable groove on the anterior third of the protibiae (see also Table 1). T a b l e 1. Comparisons of variations of selected measurements and character states within the type series of Duvalius (Paraduvalius) nedelkovi sp. n. and Duvalius (Paraduvalius) karelhurkai Farkać Measurement / character
D. nedelkovi sp. n.
D. karelhurkai Farkać
Body length (mm) Antennae length (mm) Protarsi length (mm) Groove of protibia Metatarsi length (mm) Aedeagus length (mm) Copulatory piece length (mm)
3.2 1.75 0.38 – 0.39 Traceable in anterior third 0.67 – 0.68 0.55 0.3
3.84 – 4.16 1.95 – 2.08 0.42 – 0.45 Absent 0.69 – 0.71 0.85 0.4
Description of HT. Total length of body, including mandibles – 3.2 mm, maximum width – 1.4 mm. Body with very fine and short pilosity, microsculpture of elytra not distinct, partially reduced; tegument more (head, pronotum, thorax) or less (elytra, abdomen) pigmented, color from yellowish to rusty red. Head 1.32 times longer than wide and 1.67 times longer than pronotum, frontal furrows completed, deep in all extent; antennomeres IIIrd-XIth densely pubescent, last segments not exceeding anterior third of elytra; eyes fully reduced, without traces of spots; mandibles long and stout (left one almost as long as third part of head length), maxillary palpomeres very well developed, as long as or a little bit longer than mandibles, labrum uniformly concave anteriorly. Pronotum 1.08 times wider than the head, 1.37 times wider than long and widest in anterior third; anterior border slightly concave with rounded angles ; sides less convergent anteriorly than posteriorly, clearly concave before posterior angles, lateral groove developed, moderately broad; posterior border straight, angles acute and
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prominent; disc subconvex, midline wide, markedly deep, not reaching both anterior and posterior borders. Elytra widest after the middle, 1.57 longer than wide and 1.59 times wider than pronotum; shoulders obtusely angulated; lateral groove narrow, disappearing in last ninth of elytron, lateroapical border hardly sinuate before apex; three inner striae more or less clear, deepened in middle third, remaining striae more or less reduced; apex of each elytron separately round. Legs moderately long and slender, tibiae nearly as long as corresponding femora; protibia in anterior third with trace of longitudinal groove along exterior side; tarsomeres I-II of protarsi dilated, first article a bit more than the second one. Male genital armature: median lobe of aedeagus in lateral aspect (Fig. 2) curved, proximally with well-formed pear-shaped bulb and basal orifice not concave, distally
Fig. 2. Duvalius (Paraduvalius) nedelkovi sp. n., holotype, lateral aspect of median lobe of aedeagus. Scale line = 1 mm.
Fig. 3. Duvalius (Paraduvalius) nedelkovi sp. n., holotype, ventral aspect of median lobe of aedeagus.Scale line = 1 mm.
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with apical part long and somewhat curved, internal sac situated in subapical part; distal part of medial lobe in ventral aspect (Fig. 3) relatively short, wide and straight with apex slightly round; copulatory piece (Fig. 4) long and thin, with sides subparallel (forward somewhat wider than backward), at the front concave in middle and bilobed in periphery, at back deeply excavated; parameres (Fig. 3) moderately long with basal lobes developed and apex bearing four subequal setae. Chetotaxy: like other species of the subgenus (first dorsal elytral setiferous pore situated at the level between third and fourth humeral umbilicate setiferous pores). Description of female (PT). Length of elytra 1.8 mm. Female genital armature: sternum VIII (Fig. 5) more or less uniformly chitinized; stylus of ovipositor (Fig. 6)
Fig. 4. Duvalius (Paraduvalius) nedelkovi sp. n., holotype, dorsal aspect of copulatory piece. Scale line = 1 mm.
Fig. 5. Duvalius (Paraduvalius) nedelkovi sp. n., paratype female, ventral aspect of sternum VIII. Scale line = 2 mm.
Fig. 6. Duvalius (Paraduvalius) nedelkovi sp. n., paratype female, ventral aspect of left ovipositor (stylus + valvifer) and part of tergum X. Scale line = 1 mm.
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somewhat smaller than valvifer, apical stylomere subtriangular, somewhat smaller than basal one, with one dorsomedial and one dorsolateral large setae, and two ventral ensiform fine setae, basal stylomere subrounded with sharp tooth proximally and one large dorsolateral seta distally, ventral surface of valvifer with distinct well chitinized proximal protuberance and less chitinized and setose distal part. Etymology. The specific name of this taxon follows the family name of one of the first distunguished Bulgarian entomologists – Nikola Nedelkov who made important contributions to the native fauna of Coleoptera. Notes. According to the structure of the median lobe of aedeagus and other special features, Duvalius (Paraduvalius) nedelkovi sp. n. is postulated to be adelphotaxon of Duvalius (Paraduvalius) karelhurkai Farkać. The two species are representatives of the “balcanicus” species group of the subgenus Paraduvalius Knirsch, 1924. This group is the only one within the subgenus that has a clear Thracian disjunction, as seven of its members populate both the Predbalkan Region and the Balkan (= Stara Planina) Range and another three – the northeastern strip of the Rhodopean Massif (GUÉORGUIEV, 2004b; present data). The third representative in the Rhodopean area, Duvalius (Paraduvalius) petrovi Guéorguiev, 2004, seems to be a sister species of the couple of D. nedelkovi sp. n. and D. karelhurkai. The last assertion is based on the presence of a clear autaphomorphy in the first species – 4-6 long hairs situated one behind the other in two rows on each side of the midline on the pronotum and the lack of such in the other two Duvalius–species. The shape of copulatory pieces in the three species (see FARKAĆ, 1990: 359, Fig. 5; GUÉORGUIEV, 2004b: 93, Fig. 4; present study, Fig. 4) is rather similar which suggests the monophyletic derivation of the triad. The type series of the new species was collected while turning stones. The temperature taken at the place of collecting was 9°C. Duvalius (Paraduvalius) rajtchevi (Genest & Juberthie, 1983) BG: Trigradsko Zhdrelo Gorge near Trigrad, 1100 m, IX (type locality; GENEST & JUBERTHIE, 1983: 313, sub Paraduvalius rajtchevi); new data: Jagodinski Karst, V.1985, 2 f., subterranean traps, DR; region of the Jagodinska Peshtera Cave, 21.X.1985, 1 f., DR; place Izvorsko Zhdrelo Gorge, 27.VII.1991, 2 m., 1 f., DR. A local endemic species. * Trechus (Trechus) austriacus Dejean, 1831 BG: Zlatarskata Peshtera Cave near Gospodintsi, 6.VI.1999, 2 m., BP; Dobrostan Mt., Gargina Dupka Cave near Mostovo, Mostovo, 21.II.1997, 1 m., TI. Trechus (Trechus) crucifer Poichard de la Brûlerie, 1876 BG: Bachkovo (PAWLOWSKI, 1973: 238); new data: Bostina, X.-XI.1993, 17 s., soil traps & forest litter, DR; Mogilitsa, 9.XI.1997, 1 s., BP; Gorno Fatovo, 1123 m, 28.V.2005, 2 m., shifting litter, RB; around Uhlovitsa Cave near Koshnitsa, 858 m, 28.V.2005, 1 f., shifting litter, RB; between Polkovnik Serafimovo and Rudozem, 940 m, 28.V.2005, 1 m., shifting litter, RB.
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Trechus (Trechus) irenis Csiki, 1912 [= balcanicus Jeannel, 1927] BG: Batak; Bachkovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 36, sub T. cardioderus balcanicus); new data: Kanina River near Kovachevitsa, 940 m, 1.VIII.2001, 2 m., 2 f., BG; Vucha River between Devin and Michalkovo, 3.VIII.2001, 1 f., BG; between Polkovnik Serafimovo and Rudozem, 940 m, 28.V.2005, 1 m., shifting litter, RB. A Balkan subendemic species. Trechus (Trechus) matrismeae Pawlowski, 1972 BG: Izgrev Hut, 1850-1900 m, VI (type locality; PAWLOWSKI, 1972b: 875); Golyam Persenk Peak (WRASE, 1991: 6). A local endemic species. Until now this species has been known only by two localities from the region. Probably, as PAWLOWSKI (1973: 262) supposed, it is strictly confined to the massif of Chernatitsa. * Trechus (Trechus) obtusus obtusus Erichson, 1837 BG: Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM. Trechus (Trechus) quadristriatus (Schrank, 1781) BG: Asenovgrad, X; Bachkovo (PAWLOWSKI, 1973: 225); Dobra Voda Hut (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 35); Gargina Dupka Cave, III (BERON, 1994: 45); new data: Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM; Bachkovo, VII.1997, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM; Perushtitsa, 450 m, 30.V.1998, 2 m., 1 f., broad-leaved litter, BP. Trechus (Trechus) rhodopeius Jeannel, 1921 BG: Golyama Syutka Peak, 1900 m, VI; Vassil Kolarov Dam, 1400 m, VI; Batashka Planina Mt., 1900-2000 m, VI; Dospat, VIII; Mursalitsa - Eshekkulak Pass, 1600 m, VIII (PAWLOWSKI, 1973: 246); Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 37); new data: “Persenk, Rhodopegb. Breit”, 1 s. (NMW); Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; Batashki Snezhnik Peak, 1950-2030 m, 14.VIII.1995, 4 m., 3 f., BG; below Perelik Hut, 1750 m, 23.V.2004, 2 s. / 2020 m, 6.X.2004, under stone along brook, 5 m., 4 f., BO; Perelik Hut, 1950 m, 11.V.2005, 3 s., under stones, BP. East Balkan endemic species. There is little suspicion that the mentioning of T. priapus K. Daniel, 1902 from the locality “Rhodopes” (RAMBOUSEK, 1912: 76) concerns this species. In reality T. rhodopeius is the closest species to T. priapus s. l. and the former was described after the work of Rambousek. For the time being it is cited only from Bulgaria, but certainly it lives in the Greek section of the massif. Trechus (Trechus) rubens (Fabricius, 1792) BG: place Popovete near Progled, VI; Sarnitsa, VII; Trigrad, VII (GUÉORGUIEV & MUILWIJK, 2001: 114). Glacial relict with boreal-mountain distribution. This species is very rare in the Balkan area of its range, being just recently noted from Bulgaria and only from the Western Rhodopes. MORAVEC et al. (2003: 340) omitted it for Bulgaria. Trechus (Trechus) subnotatus subnotatus Dejean, 1831 BG: Dyavolsko Garlo Cave near Trigrad, VI (BERON, 1972: 312); Bachkovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 36); new data: Dyavolsko Garlo Cave near Trigrad, 16.IV.2005, 2 m., 1 f., under stones and trees in main chamber, PS.
Adephaga
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Trechus (Trechus) szujeckii Pawlowski, 1972 BG: Golyama Syutka Peak (type locality), 1900 m, VI; Beglika, 1650 m, VI; Vassil Kolarov Dam, VI; Batashka Planina Mt., 1950-2000 m, VI (PAWLOWSKI, 1972a: 309); Mursalitsa Massif – Eshekkulak Pass, 1500-1600 m, VIII; Izgrev Hut, 1800-1900 m, VI (PAWLOWSKI, 1973: 244); place Stojkite (PERRAULT, 1978: 249); Pamporovo, 1500 m (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 37); Golyam Persenk Peak (WRASE, 1991: 6); new data: Rozhen, III.1995, 2 m., 2 f., DR; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; around Sbirkova Peshtera Cave, XI.1996, 12 s., DR; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; Manastirski Livadi near Elitsa Hut (above Smolyan), 1550 m, 30.VIII.2001, 2 m., 3 f., Fagetum litter, BP; Ardin Vruh Peak, 1680-1730 m, 11.VIII.2004, 5 m, 3 f., Fagetum litter, BP; Buynovsko Gorge between the Yagodinska Cave and Buynovo, 17.IV.2005, 1 m., 2 f., shifting litter in mixed forest, PS; Gela, 1513 m, 1 m., 1 f., shifting litter, RB; pass between Kojari and Vodni Pad, Devin District, 1550 m, 18.IX.2005, 3 m, 5 f., spruce litter-moss, BP. A local endemic species. Along with T. rhodopeius, it is the most abundant species from the genus around and over 1000 m altitude. ** Trechini gen. & sp. indet. BG: Snezhanka Cave near Peshtera Town, 17.VI.2005, 1 f., PB & PS. For the present the generic classification of the single specimen recently collected from the region is undefined. More material of this hypogean beetle is needed for its proper description and classification. Callistus lunatus lunatus (Fabricius, 1775) BG: Chepelare (NEDELKOV, 1909: 8). * Chlaenius (Chlaeniellus) nitidulus (Schrank, 1781) BG: “Bulgaria Rhodopigebirge Dorf Kritchim”, 1 s. (NMW); Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996, JM. Chlaenius (Chlaeniellus) vestitus (Paykull, 1790) BG: Smolyan (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 148); new data: Asenovgrad, 19.V.1920, 1 s., IB; Devin, 10.VI.1976, 1 f., JG; Chepelare, 22.V.1994, 11 s., DR; Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996, JM; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM. * Chlaenius (Chlaenites) spoliatus spoliatus (P. Rossi, 1792) BG: Orpheus Hut, 9-12.V.1979, 1 m., AS. This record is the highest-altitude species locality in Bulgaria. * Chlaenius (Chlaenius) festivus festivus (Panzer, 1796) BG: Bachkovo, VII.1997, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM. * Chlaenius (Dinodes) decipiens (L. Dufour, 1820) BG: Chepelare, 1-3.VI.1902, 1 f., VI. Masoreus (Masoreus) wetterhallii wetterhallii (Gyllenhal, 1813) BG: Velingrad (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 152); Trigrad, 850 m, VIII (VASSILEV & NECHEVA, 1989: 51).
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Anisodactylus (Anisodactylus) binotatus (Fabricius, 1787) BG: Batak; Velingrad; Radilovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 112); Ruen Hut, 1200 m, 25.IX.1993, 1 m., PS; new data: Chepelare, 28.VIII.1987, 2 s. / 8.IV.1994, 1 s. / 22.V.1994, 5 s., DR; Batashki Snezhnik Peak, 1950 m, 14.-15.VIII.1995, 1 m., BG; Oryachovets, 28.VIII.1996, 2 m., PM; Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM; Bachkovo, VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM. Anisodactylus (Anisodactylus) nemorivagus (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Zdravets Hut (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 112); Chepelare (NOONAN, 1996: 105); new data: Trigrad, VII.1997, JM. ITO (2003: 361) omitted this species for Bulgaria, but HIEKE & WRASE (1988: 112) and GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV (1995a: 169) summarized some localities. One of the present authors too recorded data on it (GUÉORGUIEV, 1996: 33). * Anisodactylus (Pseudanisodactylus) signatus (Panzer, 1796) BG: Chepelarska River, 1140 m, 14.VI.1994, 1 m., 1 f., DR; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM. ITO (2003: 361) omitted this species for Bulgaria, but actually GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV (1995a: 169) noted some references and data. Recently the first author here examined specimens from the country (unpublished data). Diachromus germanus (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Bachkovo; Peshtera (RAMBOUSEK, 1912: 88). § Ditomus tricuspidatus (Fabricius, 1792) BG: Bachkovo (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995a: 208; GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995b: 83). WRASE (2003: 365) correctly omitted D. tricuspidatus for Bulgaria. In fact both records (Bachkovo and Burgas) known from Bulgaria concern misidentified specimens of D. calydonius calydonius (P. Rossi, 1790). Dixus clypeatus (P. Rossi, 1790) BG: Asenovgrad, VI (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995a: 209). [Dixus eremita (Dejean, 1825)] BG: “Rhodopes” (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 146). This lowland xerothermic-like species is not properly recorded from the region. Recently it was cited for the Eastern Rhodopes (GUÉORGUIEV, 2004a: 388). Dixus obscurus (Dejean, 1825) BG: Asenovgrad, VIII (NEDELKOV, 1909: 96, sub Aristus obscurus); Bachkovo (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995b: 83); new data: Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM. § Dixus sphaerocephalus (Olivier, 1795) BG: Asenovgrad, V (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 7). This West Mediterranean species has already been excluded from the list of our fauna (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995a: 247; WRASE, 2003: 365). The record above refers to some of the other Bulgarian taxa of the genus.
Adephaga
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Acinopus (Acinopus) picipes (Olivier, 1795) BG: Ognyanovo near Gotse Delchev; Bachkovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 143); new data: Zhrebichko, 21.VI.1924, 1 s., PD. Acinopus (Osimus) ammophilus Dejean, 1829 BG: Asenovgrad, V (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 9); Ognyanovo at Gotse Delchev; Bachkovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 143). Harpalus (Cryptophonus) tenebrosus Dejean, 1829 BG: Bachkovski Monastery (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 138); new data: Narechenski Bani, 1100 m, 27.VIII.-9.X.2004, soil traps, 1 f., EM. Harpalus (Harpalus) affinis (Schrank, 1781) [= aeneus (Fabricius, 1775)] BG: Batak; Batashki Snezhnik, 1800 m; Velingrad; Bachkovo, 1000 m; Bojkovo; Ruen Hut; Chepelare; Gela; Momchil Yunak Hut; Studenets Hut; place Mezargidik; Michalkovo; Progled; Rozhen; Pamporovo, 1500-1600 m; Persenk; Smolyan (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 129, sub H. aeneus); new data: 10 km west of Dospat, 28.VII.1996, JM; Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996, JM; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM; Bachkovo, VII.1997, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM.; Dospat Dam at Sarnitsa, 1200 m, 22.VII.2001, 4 s. / 26.VI.2002, 4 s., EM; Batak Dam, 1140 m, 28.VI.2002, 1 s., EM; Bachkovski Monastery, 29.VI.2002, 1 s., EM; Perelik Hut, 1950-2050 m, 25.V.2004, 1 s. / 6.X.2004, 1 s., BO. Harpalus (Harpalus) albanicus Reitter, 1900 BG: Prespa Hut (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 134). Harpalus (Harpalus) anxius (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Bachkovski Monastery (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 140); new data: Bachkovski Monastery, 28.VII.1931, 2 s., IZ; Devin, 10.VI.1976, 2 s., JG. Harpalus (Harpalus) atratus Latreille, 1804 BG: Asenovgrad – Bachkovo (RAMBOUSEK, 1912: 85); Bachkovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 137); new data: Chepelare, 30.VI.1924, 1 f., PD; Velingrad, 30.VI.1927, 1 s., IB; Smolyan, 4.VIII.1996, JM; Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM; Bachkovo, VII.1997, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM. Harpalus (Harpalus) attenuatus Stephens, 1828 BG: Chepelare, 1100 m (VASSILEV & NECHEVA, 1989: 51); new data: Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM; Magareshki Dol River near Borino, 1180 m, 3.VIII.2001, 1 m., BG; Narechenski Bani, 1100 m, 10.V.-20.VI.2004, soil traps, 1 s., EM. GR: Xanthi, 24-30.IV.1914, 17 s., IB & UR. Harpalus (Harpalus) autumnalis (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Batak; Velingrad; Asenovgrad (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 136); new data: Trigrad, VI.1924, 1 f., DI; Belitsa near Laki, 650 m, 30.VIII.2001, 1 m., BP; Narechenski Bani, 1100 m, 10.V.-20.VI.2004, soil traps, 1 s., EM.
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[Harpalus (Harpalus) caspius (Steven, 1806)] BG: “Rhodopes” (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 132). Recently the species was cited for the Eastern Rhodopes (GUÉORGUIEV, 2004a: 389]. Harpalus (Harpalus) cupreus fastuosus Faldermann, 1836 BG: Asenovgrad (RAMBOUSEK, 1912: 84); Batak (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 131). Harpalus (Harpalus) dimidiatus (P. Rossi, 1790) BG: Asenova Krepost (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 132); new data: Mostovo, 1719.IV.1993, 1 s., PS; Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM; Narechenski Bani, 1100 m, 28.VII.27.VIII.2004, soil traps, 1 m., EM. Harpalus (Harpalus) distinguendus distinguendus (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Hrabrino (= Sotir) (RAMBOUSEK, 1912: 84); Velingrad; Asenovgrad; Bachkovo; Markovo; Pamporovo; Batak (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 131); new data: Belovo, 2 s., JU; Mostovo, 17-19.IV.1992, 2 s., PS / 20.X.1994, 3 s., BG; Chepelare, 22.V.1994, 2 s., DR; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM.; Dospat Dam at Sarnitsa, 1200, 26.VI.2002, 2 s., EM. GR: Xanthi, 24-30.IV.1914, 15 s., IB & UR. * Harpalus (Harpalus) f lavicornis flavicornis Dejean, 1829 BG: Krichim, 3.IV.1935, 1 s., IB; place Mechkata between Chepelare and Pamporovo, 20.V.1994, 1 m., DR; Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM; road Jugovsko Hanche – Jugovo, 650 m, 9.V.-20.VI.2004, 1 s., EM. Harpalus (Harpalus) honestus honestus (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Byala Cherkva; Batak (APFELBECK, 1904:196); Peshtera (RAMBOUSEK, 1912: 85); Asenova Krepost; Bachkovski Monastery; Ruen Hut; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 138); new data: Belovo, 29.V.1909, 1 s., DJ; Dorkovo, 21.V.1915, 1 s., DJ; Foten, 20.VI.1924, 1 s., PD; Djovlen, 23.VI.1924, 1 s., PD; Trigrad, 24.VI.1924, 1 s., DI; Devin, 10.VI.1976, 2 s., DG; Stojkite, 7.IX.1992, 1 s., BG; place Sveta Petka near Chepelare, 30.V.1994, 3 s., DR; Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM; Narechenski Bani, 1100 m, 10.V.-20.VI.2004, soil traps, 1 s., EM. Harpalus (Harpalus) hospes hospes Sturm, 1818 BG: Karlak Peak (= Golyam Snezhnik) Peak (RAMBOUSEK, 1912: 83, sub Ophonus hospes); Jundola, 13.VIII.1928, 1 f., PD. Harpalus (Harpalus) laevipes Zetterstedt, 1828 [= quadripunctatus Dejean, 1829] BG: St. Petka Monastery; Gela; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 133, sub H. quadripunctatus); new data Rozhen, 14.VI.1992, 1 f., DR. Harpalus (Harpalus) latus (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Vhuren, 800 m; Churen Hut, 1500 m; Gela; Momchil Yunak Hut; Pamporovo; Smolyan (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 134); new data: Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996 / 24.VII.1997, JM; Ezerovo near Smolyan, 1307 m, 16-19.VII.2005, soil traps, 1 s., BO.
Adephaga
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? Harpalus (Harpalus) luteicornis (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Ognyanovo above Gotse Deltsev (VASSILEV, 1988a: 86). NEDELKOV (1909), VASSILEV (1988a) and GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV (1995a) cited data for Bulgaria, but KATAEV et al. (2003: 378) omitted it for Bulgaria. We have never studied material from Bulgaria, but based on the known range of H. luteicornis, we cannot rule out its possible occurrence in the less explored areas of North Bulgaria. ? Harpalus (Harpalus) modestus Dejean, 1829 BG: Asenovgrad, V (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 10). KATAEV et al. (2003: 379) ruled out the species occurrence in Bulgaria. On the other hand, based on the known range of H. luteicornis, the first author here cannot delete it because its occurrence in the less explored regions of North Bulgaria is possible. § Harpalus (Harpalus) neglectus neglectus Audinet-Serville, 1821 BG: “Rhodopes” (GUÉORGUEV & GUÉORGUEV, 1995a: 198). One of us (BVG) remembered that the data for Bulgaria were taken after an original draft of Z. Mlynař, without revision of the corresponding material. We agree with KATAEV et al. (2003: 379) who omitted the species for Bulgaria. * Harpalus (Harpalus) oblitus oblitus Dejean, 1829 BG: Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM. [Harpalus (Harpalus) picipennis (Duftschmid, 1812)] BG: “Rhodopes” (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 141). This species inhabits open sites at low and middle altitudes and has not yet been proved for the regional fauna. Harpalus (Harpalus) pumilus Sturm, 1818 BG: Ognyanovo above Gotse Delchev, VI; Bachkovo (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995à: 201; GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995b: 83:). GR: Xanthi, 24-30.IV.1914, 5 s., IB & UR. * Harpalus (Harpalus) pygmaeus Dejean, 1829 GR: Xanthi, 24-30.IV.1914, 1 m., IB. Harpalus (Harpalus) rubripes (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Byala Cherkva (APFELBECK, 1904: 194); Batak; Velingrad; Bachkovski Monastery; Bojkovo; Ruen Hut; Zdravets Hut; Chepelare; Gela; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 133); Ognyanovo above Gotse Delchev, VI (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995a: 192); new data: Shiroka Laka, 27.VI.1924, 1 f., PD; Chepelare, 29.VI.1924, 1 s., PD / 15.IV.1994, 1 s., DR; Velingrad, 30.V.1924, 1 f., PD; Devin, 10.VI.1976, 2 s., JG; Mostovo, 17-19.IV.1992, 1 s., PS; Samurski Dol, 29.VI.1992, 2 s., DR; Stojkite, 7.IX.1992, 2 s., BG; around Sbirkova Peshtera Cave, 10.V.1994, 1 s., DR; Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996, JM; Smolyan, 4.VIII.1996, JM; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM; Magareshki Dol River near Borino, 1180 m, 3.VIII.2001, 1 m., BO.
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Harpalus (Harpalus) rufipalpis rufipalpis Sturm, 1818 [= rufitarsis (Duftschmid, 1812) nec Illiger, 1802] BG: Batak; Asenova Krepost; Studenets Hut; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 138, sub H. rufitarsis Duftschmid); new data: Chepelare, 29.VI.1924, 1 s., PD; Byala Cherkva, 2.VI.1931; Chepelarska River, 1140 m, 14.VI.1994, 1 s., DR; Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996, JM; Smolyan, 4.VIII.1996, JM; Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM; Bachkovo, VII.1997, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM. Harpalus (Harpalus) saxicola Dejean, 1829 BG: Ruen Hut (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 130); new data: Foten, 20.VI.1924, 1 m., PD; Krichim, 3.VI.1940, 1 m., IB; Asenovgrad, 10.VI.1961, 1 s., VG; Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM. GR: Xanthi, 24-30.IV.1914, 2 s., IB & UR. Harpalus (Harpalus) serripes serripes (Quensel, 1806) BG: Batak; Velingrad (APFELBECK, 1904: 197); Bachkovo; Prespa Hut; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 135); new data: Krichimska Kuria, 29.V.1919, 1 s., IB; Velingrad, 1.VIII.1925, 2 s. / 30.VIII.1927, 7 s., PD; Chepelare, 15.IV.1994, 1 s., DR; Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM; Bachkovo, VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM; Narechenski Bani, 1100 m, 10.V.-20.VI.2004, soil traps, 1 s., EM; near Modarskata Peshtera Cave near Smolyan, 1600-1630 m, 19.VI.2005, 2 s., under stones, PB & PS. GR: Xanthi, 24-30.IV.1914, 1 s., IB. Harpalus (Harpalus) smaragdinus (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Asenovgrad, V (APFELBECK, 1904: 193; JOAKIMOV, 1904: 10); Bachkovski Monastery; Michalkovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 132); new data: Velingrad, 30.VI1.VII.1927, 3 s., IB; 10 km west of Dospat, 28.VII.1996, JM; Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM. Harpalus (Harpalus) subcylindricus Dejean, 1829 BG: Devin, 700 m, VIII (VASSILEV, 1988a: 86); new data: 10 km west of Dospat, 28.VII.1996, JM; Smolyan, 4.VIII.1996, JM; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM. Harpalus (Harpalus) sulphuripes sulphuripes Germar, 1824 BG: Bachkovski Monastery (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 139). Harpalus (Harpalus) tardus (Panzer, 1796) BG: Bachkovski Monastery; Markovo; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 135); new data: Ognyanovo, 17.VI.1988, 1 s., VS; Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996, JM; Martsiganitsa Hut, Gargini Dupki Cave, 1367 m, 22.V.2005, 1 m., PS; Chepintsi, 940-980 m, 1.VI.2005, 3 s., RB. * Harpalus (Harpalus) triseriatus triseriatus A. Fleischer, 1897 GR: Xanthi, 24-30.IV.1914, 2 m., 1 f., IB & UR.
Adephaga
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Harpalus (Harpalus) xanthopus winkleri Schauberger, 1923 BG: Pamporovo, 1600 m (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 134); new data: Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996, JM; Smolyan, 4.VIII.1996, JM. Harpalus (Pseudoophonus) calceatus (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Bojkovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 128). Harpalus (Pseudoophonus) griseus (Panzer, 1796) BG: Alabak, VI (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 10); Batak; Batashki Snezhnik, 1800 m; Velingrad; Bachkovo; Dedovo; Persenk Peak (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 127, sub Pseudophonus griseus); new data: Velingrad, 2.VIII.1925, 1 s., PD; Krichim, 18.VI.1934, 5 s. / 9.V.1940, 1 s., IB. Harpalus (Pseudoophonus) rufipes (DeGeer, 1774) [= pubescens (O.F. Müller, 1776)] BG: Karlak (= Golyam Snezhnik) Peak (APFELBECK, 1904: 187, sub H. pubescens); Batak; Batashki Snezhnik, 1800 m; Bachkovo; Dedovo; Ruen Hut; Zdravets Hut; Ravnishta Hut; Hvojna; Michalkovo; Pamporovo; Smolyan (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 127, sub Pseudophonus rufipes); new data: Trigrad, 24.VI.1924, 1 s., DI; Shiroka Laka, 27.VI.1924, 3 s., DP; place Sveta Petka near Chepelare, 30.V.1994, 3 s., DR; Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996, JM; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM; Bachkovo, VII.1997, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM; Dospat Dam at Sarnitsa, 1200 m, 22.VII.2001, 6 s. / 26.VI.2002, 2 s., EM; Bachkovski Monastery, 29.VI.2002, 1 s., EM; near Modarskata Peshtera Cave near Smolyan, 16001630 m, 19.VI.2005, 1 s., under stones, PB & PS. Ophonus (Hesperophonus) azureus (Fabricius, 1775) BG: Smolyan (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 125); new data: Devin, 10.VI.1976, 2 m., JG; Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM; Bachkovo, VII.1997, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM. Ophonus (Hesperophonus) cribricollis (Dejean, 1829) BG: Bachkovo; Hvojna (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 126); new data: Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM. Ophonus (Hesperophonus) similis (Dejean, 1829) BG: Bachkovo (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995a: 182; GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995b: 82); new data: Persenk Mine, 1000 m, 29.V.1976, 1 m., 1 f., JG. Ophonus (Hesperophonus) subquadratus (Dejean, 1829) BG: Bachkovo (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995a: 182; GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995b: 82); new data: Bachkovski Monastery, 28.VII.1931, 1 m., IZ; Devin, 10.VI.1976, 1 m., JG. GR: Xanthi, 24-30.IV.1914, 2 m., 1 f., IB & UR. * Ophonus (Metophonus) gammeli (Schauberger, 1932) BG: Persenk Mine, 1000 m, 29.V.1976, 1 m., 1 f., JG.
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Ophonus (Metophonus) laticollis Mannerheim, 1825 [= punctatulus (Duftschmid, 1812) nec Fabricius, 1792; nitidulus Stephens, 1828] BG: Batak; Pamporovo; Smolyan (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 122, sub O. punctulatus Duftschmid); new data: Perelik Massif, Ledenik Cave, 28.VI.1924, 1 f., PD; Chepelare, 28.VIII.1987, 1 m., DR; Samurski Dol, 29.VI.1992, 1 s., DR; Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996 / 24.VII.1997, JM; near Smolyan, 4.VIII.1996, JM. Ophonus (Metophonus) puncticollis (Paykull, 1798) BG: Hrabrino (= Sotir) (RAMBOUSEK, 1912: 82). Ophonus (Metophonus) rufibarbis (Fabricius, 1792) BG: Batak (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 124). Ophonus (Metophonus) rupicola (Sturm, 1818) BG: Asenovgrad; Bachkovo (RAMBOUSEK, 1912: 82). * Ophonus (Metophonus) schaubergerianus (Puel, 1937) BG: Chepelare, 28.VIII.1987, 1 m., 3 f. / 15.IV.1994, 1 m., 2 f., DR; place Sveta Petka near Chepelare, 30.V.1994, 1 m., DR; near Sokolovtsi, 1000 m, 16.VII.2005, 1 f., BO. Ophonus (Metophonus) veluchianus (J. Müller, 1931) [= cordicollis (Dejean, 1829)] BG: Batak (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 123, sub O. cordicollis). Ophonus (Ophonus) sabulicola (Panzer, 1796) [= ponticus (Schauberger, 1926)] BG: Bachkovski Monastery; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 121, sub O. sabulicola ponticus); new data: Shiroka Laka, 27.VI.1924, 1 s., PD; Devin, 10.VI.1976, 1 m., JG. * Parophonus (Parophonus) dejeani (Csiki, 1932) BG: Ablanitsa, 1.V.1994, 1 s., BP; Oryahovets, 800 m, 28.VIII.1996, 1 f., PM. GR: Xanthi, 24-30.IV.1914, 1 f., IB. Ito (in KATAEV et al., 2003: 393) omitted Bulgaria as a country populated by this species, but in fact earlier GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV (1995a: 203) had cited some data. The new material here confirms the presence of P. dejeani in the country. * Acupalpus (Acupalpus) flavicollis (Sturm, 1825) BG: Chepelare, 22.V.1994, 2 s., DR. * Acupalpus (Acupalpus) luteatus (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM. Anthracus longicornis (Schaum, 1857) BG: Devin, 700 m, VIII (VASSILEV, 1988a: 86). * Bradycellus (Bradycellus) caucasicus (Chaudoir, 1846) BG: Rozhen, 2.III.1995, 1 m., DR; Bujnovsko Gorge between the Yagodinska Cave and Bujnovo, 17.IV.2005, 1 f., shifting litter in mixed forest, PS. It is a typical
Adephaga
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mountain species which lives in Bulgaria at the interval of 1200–2210 m altitude (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995a: 178). Stenolophus (Stenolophus) abdominalis persicus Mannerheim, 1844 BG: Skobelevo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 115, sub S. abdominalis Gené, 1836). * Stenolophus (Stenolophus) discophorus (Fischer von Waldheim, 1823) BG: Belovo, 1 m., JU. * Stenolophus (Stenolophus) mixtus (Herbst, 1784) BG: Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM. Stenolophus (Stenolophus) teutonus (Schrank, 1781) BG: Batak; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 115); new data: Tsrancha, 21.V.1963, 1 s., BZ; Chepelare, 22.V.1994, 1 s., DR. Cymindis (Cymindis) axillaris axillaris (Fabricius, 1794) [= homagrica (Duftschmid, 1812); palliata Fischer von Waldheim, 1823] BG: Velingrad, VI (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 7, sub C. homagrina); Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 161); new data: Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996, JM; Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM. The French specialist C. Jeanne identified the specimens from Panichkovo as C. axillaris axillaris and C. axillaris palliata (J. Muilwijk, personal communication). However, one of the present authors (BVG) failed to find stable characters differentiating both forms. Cymindis (Cymindis) humeralis (Geoffroy, 1785) BG: Orpheus Hut; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 161); new data: Chepelare, 29.VI.1924, 2 s., PD; Rozhen, 14.VI.1992, 2 s., DR; Pamporovo, 18.IV.1994, 1 s., DR; Batashki Snezhnik Peak, 1700-1900 m, 14.-15.VIII.1995, 2 s., BG; Smolyan, 4.VIII.1996, JM; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Bachkovo, VII.1997, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM. * Cymindis (Cymindis) lineata (Quensel, 1806) BG: Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM. Cymindis (Menas) miliaris (Fabricius, 1801) [= variolosa (Fabricius, 1794) nec Fabricius, 1787] BG: Karlak (= Golyam Snezhnik) Peak, VI (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995a: 235, sub C. variolosa). Cymindis (Tarulus) vaporariorum (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Karlak (= Golyam Snezhnik) Peak (APFELBECK, 1904: 344). Demetrias (Demetrias) monostigma Samouelle, 1819 BG: Rhodopes – Belovo (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995a: 225). This rare species is cited only from the localities of Belovo and Sandanski in Bulgaria.
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B. GUÉORGUIEV & J. M. LOBO * Calodromius spilotus (Illiger, 1798) BG: Dospat Dam near Sarnitsa, 1200 m, 22.VII.2001, 1 s., EM.
Dromius (Dromius) agilis (Fabricius, 1787) BG: Rhodopes near Plovdiv (APFELBECK, 1904: 336); Asenovgrad; Peshtera (RAMBOUSEK, 1912: 100). Microlestes fissuralis (Reitter, 1901) BG: Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 159). * Microlestes fulvibasis (Reitter, 1901) BG: near Smolyan, 4.VIII.1996, JM. Microlestes maurus maurus (Sturm, 1827) BG: Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 159). Microlestes minutulus (Goeze, 1777) BG: Chepelare (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 158); Kochan, VII (VASSILEV, 1988b: 89); new data: Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM. Paradromius (Manodromius) linearis linearis (Olivier, 1795) BG: Asenovgrad, VIII (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995a: 227). * Philorhizus notatus (Stephens, 1827) BG: Belovo, 1 s., JU. Lebia (Lamprias) cyanocephala cyanocephala (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Asenovgrad, V (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 7). Lebia (Lebia) cruxminor cruxminor (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Dospat (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 153); new data: Belovo, 1 s., JU. Lebia (Lebia) humeralis Dejean, 1825 BG: Bachkovo, VI (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995a: 222; GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995b: 84). Lebia (Lebia) marginata (Geoffroy, 1785) BG: Rhodopes - Belovo (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995a: 223). KABAK (2003: 429) left Bulgaria unmentioned among the regions with species occurrence. However, earlier, GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV (1995a: 223) had cited data for it. Lebia (Lebia) scapularis scapularis (Geoffroy, 1785) BG: Rhodopes near Plovdiv (APFELBECK, 1904: 324).
Adephaga
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Lionychus quadrillum (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Dospat, 1100 m, VII (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995a: 228; GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995b: 84); new data: Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; 2 kn S Barutin, 27.IV.1998, 1 s., BP. Syntomus pallipes (Dejean, 1825) BG: Trigrad, 850 m, VIII (VASSILEV & NECHEVA, 1989: 51); new data: Oryachovets, 800 m, 28.VIII.1996, 2 s., PM; Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM. Syntomus truncatellus (Linnaeus, 1761) BG: Orpheus Hut; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 158); new data: Pamporovo, 7-13.IV.1994, 4 s., DR; Rozhen, 2.III.1995, 1 s., DR; Batashki Snezhnik, 1700-1900 m, 14-15.VIII.1995, 1 s., spruce forest, BG; Smolyan, 4.VIII.1996, JM; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM. Licinus (Licinus) cassideus cassideus (Fabricius, 1792) BG: Byala Cherkva, 1500 m, VII (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995a: 219; GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995b: 84). Licinus (Licinus) depressus (Paykull, 1790) BG: Place Stojkite, 1050 m, VI (VASSILEV, 1988a: 86). Oodes (Oodes) gracilis A. Villa & G.B. Villa, 1833 BG: Devin, 600 m (VASSILEV, 1992: 27). Panagaeus (Panagaeus) cruxmajor (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Alabak (= Golem Belovski Balkan) (NEDELKOV, 1909: 8). * Agonum (Agonum) afrum (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Magareshki Dol River near Borino, 1180 m, 3.VIII.2001, 1 f., BO. * Agonum (Agonum) gisellae Csiki, 1931 BG: “1982.V.28. Lake V. Kolarov” / “Mts. Rodope leg. Rozner I.”, 1 s. (MNM). Chepelarska River, 1140 m, 14.VI.1994, 1 f., DR; Beglika Dam, 1600 m, 2.VIII.2001, 1 m., BO. Agonum (Agonum) marginatum (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Batak; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 85); Dospat Dam at Sarnitsa, 1200 m, 22.VII.2001, 1 s., EM; Batak Dam, 1140 m, 11-16.VIII.1000, 1 s. / 28.VI.2002, 16 s., EM. Agonum (Agonum) monachum (Duftschmid, 1812) [= atratum (Duftschmid, 1812)] BG: Bachkovo (RAMBOUSEK, 1912: 159, sub A. atratum).
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Agonum (Agonum) muelleri (Herbst, 1784) BG: Chepelare; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 85); Beglika, 21.VII.1926, 1 s., IB; Chepelarska River, 1140 m, 15.IV.1994 / 22.V.1994 / 14.VI.1994, 7 s., DR; between Borino and Chala, 1300 m, 3.VIII.1997, 1 s., BP. Agonum (Agonum) nigrum Dejean, 1828 BG: Mugla, VII (GUÈORGUIEV & MUILWIJK, 2000: 82). This rare species has been cited for Bulgaria only from the vicinity of Mugla. BOUSQUET (2003a: 451) omitted it for Bulgaria. Agonum (Agonum) sexpunctatum (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Karlak (= Golyam Snezhnik) Peak (APFELBECK, 1904: 290, sub Platynus sexpunctatus); Velingrad (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 8, sub Anchomenus sexpunctatus); Batak; Dospat; Orpheus Hut; Pamporovo; Persenk Peak (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 84); new data: Shilesta Chuka, 8.X.1976, 1 s., DR; Mostovo, 17-19.IV.1993, 1 s., PS; Chepelare, 15.IV.1994 / 22.V.1994, 8 s., DR; Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996 / 24.VII.1997, JM; Batak Dam, 1140 m, 2.V.2002, 2 s. / 28.VI.2002, 1 s., EM. Agonum (Agonum) viduum (Panzer, 1796) BG: Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 86); new data: place Popovete near Progled, 27.VI.1994, 1 f., DR; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM; Beglika Dam, 1600 m, 2.VIII.2001, 1 m., BG; river near Sokolovtsi, 1000 m, 16.VII.2005, 1 s., BO. Agonum (Agonum) viridicupreum viridicupreum (Goeze, 1777) BG: Batak (APFELBECK, 1904: 290, sub Platynus viridicupreus; HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 85); new data: Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996 / 24.VII.1997, JM; Batak Dam, 1140 m, 28.VI.2002, 2 s., EM. GR: Xanthi (= Sketscha), 24-30.IV.1914, 1 s., IB. BOUSQUET (2003a: 452) omitted the species for Greece, but long before that OERTZEN (1886: 212) and APFELBECK (1904: 290, sub Platynus v.) had cited it from there. The new data here confirms its presence in Greece. Agonum (Europhilus) antennarium (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: 10 km west of Dospat; Chepelare; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 87); new data: “1982.V.28. Dospat, Bulg.” / “Mts. Rodope leg. Rozner I.”, 1 s. (MNM); Pamporovo, 7.IV.1994, 1 s., DR; Rajkovski Livadi near Chepelare, 2-26.II.1995, 4 s., DR; Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996 / 24.VII.1997, JM; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; Magareshki Dol River near Borino, 1180 m, 3.VIII.2001, 8 s., BG; near Modarskata Peshtera Cave near Smolyan, 1600-1630 m, 19.VI.2005, 1 s., under stones, PB & PS. * Agonum (Europhilus) gracile Sturm, 1824 BG: Rozhen, 14.VI.1992, 1 m., DR.
Adephaga
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Agonum (Europhilus) piceum (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 87). This rare species is known in Bulgaria only from the locality of Pamporovo. Anchomenus dorsalis (Pontoppidan, 1763) BG: Markovo; Smolyan (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 83, sub Platynus dorsalis); new data: around Sbirkova Peshtera Cave, 10.V.1994, 1 s., DR; Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996, JM; Smolyan, 4.VIII.1996, JM; Bachkovo, VII.1997, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM. * Olisthopus sturmii (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996 / 24.VII.1997, JM. Oxypselaphus obscurum (Herbst, 1784) BG: Velingrad, VI (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 8, sub Anchomenus obscurus). Paranchus albipes (Fabricius, 1796) BG: Ognyanovo above Gotse Delchev, 650 m, VIII (VASSILEV, 1988b: 88); new data: Smolyan, 4.VIII.1996, JM; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; Kanina River near Kovachevitsa, 940 m, 1.VIII.2001, 2 s., BG; Vucha River between Devin and Michalkovo, 3.VIII.2001, 6 s., BG; Vucha River near Nastan, 19.VII.2005, 1 s., BO. Platynus (Batenus) scrobiculatus purkynei Obenberger, 1917 BG: Rhodopes near Plovdiv (APFELBECK, 1904: 288, sub P. scrobiculatus); Smolyan (type locality of ssp. purkynei; OBENBERGER, 1917: 10); Bachkovo; Zdravets Hut; Ruen Hut; Pamporovo, 1500 m (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 83, sub P. scrobiculatus); Momchilovtsi, IV; Mogilitsa, XI; Yagodinsko Zhdrelo Gorge, IX; Kanina River, Kovachevitsa, 940 m, VII-VIII (GUÉORGUIEV & MUILWIJK, 2001: 116); new data: reserve Momchilov Dol near Bostina, old black pine forest (Pinus nigra Arnold), 9.VI.1995, 1 s., PM; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; below Golyam Perelik Peak, 1950-2000 m, 23.V.2004, 1 m., 1 f. / 6.X.2004, 1 m., 1 f., BG; Bujnovo Gorge near Teshel water power station, 17.IV.2005, 2 m., rock niche, PS; Goloboitsa 1 Cave near Koshnitsa, Smolyan District, 19.VII.2005, 2 s., TI. This East Balkan subendemic subspecies occurs also in the north area of the Anatolian Peninsula. A taxonomic revision of the races throughout the species range, and especially to clarify the status of P. scrobiculatus serbicus Csiki, 1904 and P. scrobiculatus turcicus Apfelbeck, 1904, is needed. Platynus (Platynus) assimilis (Paykull, 1790) BG: Bachkovo (RAMBOUSEK, 1912: 97, sub Agonum assimilis); Batak; St. Petka Monastery; Bachkovo; Ruen Hut (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 84); new data: Teshel, 18.IV.1994, 1 s., DR; Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996, JM; Smolyan, 4.VIII.1996, JM; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Batak Dam, 1140 m, 28.VI.2002, 1 s., EM. * Abax (Abacopercus) carinatus carinatus (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Persenk Mine, 1000 m, 29.V.1976, 1 s., JG; Smolyan, 4.VIII.1996, JM; 2 km S of Barutin, 27.IV.1998, 1 s., BP.
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Abax (Abax) ovalis (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: St. Petka Monastery (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 79); new data: Yagodinski Karst near Yagodinska Peshtera Cave, 16.IX.1992, 5 s., DR. Abax (Abax) parallelus parallelus (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Bachkovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 79); new data: Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM. Molops alpestris rhilensis Apfelbeck, 1904 BG: Karlak (= Golyam Snezhnik) Peak (APFELBECK, 1904: 225); Smolyanski Ezera Lakes, 1300 m (MLYNAR, 1977: 78); Zdravets Hut; Pamporovo, 1500-1600 m (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 81); new data: Persenk Mine, 29.V.1976, 1 s., JG; Devin, 10.VI.1976, 1 s., JG; Smolyan, 17.V.1986, 1 s., VS; Pamporovo, 7-18.IV.1994, 19 s. / 9-18.V.1995, 5 s., DR; Hadzhi Salinovo near Chepelare, 28.IV.1994, 8 s., DR; place Karakole, 28.IV.1994, 3 s., DR; around Sbirkova Peshtera Cave, 10.V.1994, 4 s., DR; place Mechkata between Chepelare and Pamporovo, 20.V.1994, 1 s., DR; Chepelare, 22.V.1994, 1 s., DR; place Sveta Petka near Chepelare, 30.V.1994, 2 s., DR. East Balkan endemic subspecies of a Balkan endemic species. In Bulgaria the former populates the mountains Rila and the Western Rhodopes. Molops dilatatus dilatatus Chaudoir, 1868 BG: Alabak, VI (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 9); Jundola; Asenovgrad; Perelik Peak; Dospat; Bachkovo (MLYNAR, 1977: 68); Batashki Snezhnik, 1800 m; Bachkovo, 1000 m; Churen, 1400 m; Ruen Hut; Zdravets Hut; Modar, 1700 m; Chepelare; Momchil Yunak Hut; Prespa Hut; Pamporovo, 1500-1600 m (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 80); Persenk Peak (GUÉORGUIEV, 1989: 83); new data: Byala Cherkva, 15.V.1939, 2 s., IB; Smolyan, 17.V.1986, 1 s., VS; between Murgavets (= Karamandzha) Peak and Kartala Col, 24.IV.1994, 1 s., DR; Hadzhi Salinovo near Chepelare, 28.IV.1994, 3 s., DR; place Karukole, 28.IV.1994, 2 s., DR; Chepelare, 822.V.1994, 8 s., DR; Pamporovo, 13-18.IV.1994, 20 s. / 9.V.1995, 5 s., DR; around Sbirkova Peshtera Cave, 10.V.1994, 1 s., DR; place Studenets near Pamporovo, 19.V.1994, 2 s., DR; place Mechkata between Chepelare and Pamporovo, 20.V.1994, 3 s., DR; place Sveta Petka near Chepelare, 30.V.1994, 2 s., DR; Narechenski Bani near camping, 1200 m, 10.V.-20.VI.2004, soil traps, 3 m., 1 f., EM; Perelik Hut, 1950-2050 m, 25.V.2004, 2 s. / 6.X.2004, 1 s., BG; Martsiganitsa Hut, Ahmetyova Dupka Cave, 1348 m, 21.V.2005, 1 s., PS; Perelik Hut, 2000 m, 17.VII.2005, 1 s., BO; Perelik Hut, 1950 m, 11.V.2005, 1 s., under stones, BP. East Balkan endemic species and subspecies. Along with M. alpestris rhilensis and Tapinopterus balcanicus, this is one of the most common forest inhabiting carabid beetles in the region. Molops piceus bulgaricus Maøan, 1938 BG: Ruen Hut (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 82); material revised: “Bulgarien RodopiGebirge VIII.1964”, 1 m. (ZMHU); “Bulgarien Rodopi-Gebirge Dorf Ruen VIII.1964”, 1 m. (ZMHU). East Balkan endemic subspecies. The revised material above confirms the species presence in the Rhodopes. Molops rhodopensis rhodopensis Apfelbeck, 1904 BG: Batashki Snezhnik, 1800 m; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 81); new data: between Murgavets (= Karamandzha) Peak and Kartala Col, 24.IV.1994, 1 f., DR;
Adephaga
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place Studenets near Pamporovo, 19.V.1994, 1 f., DR; place Mechkata between Chepelare and Pamporovo, 20.V.1994, 1 m., DR; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM. East Balkan endemic species and subspecies. This fairly rare Bulgarian species is known only from Rila Mt. and the Bulgarian part of the Western Rhodopes. It lives sympatrically together with M. alpestris and M. dilatatus (see locality Mechkata under each of three Molopsspecies). There is little doubt that it lives in the Greek section of the massif too. Myas (Myas) chalybeus (Palliardi, 1825) BG: Alabak, VI (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 9); Ruen Hut (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 69). Balkan subendemic species and Tertiary relict. Poecilus (Poecilus) cupreus cupreus (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Batak (APFELBECK, 1904: 253, sub Pterostichus cupreus); Chepelare; Michalkovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 70); new data: Trigrad, 24.V.1924, 1 s., PD; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM. Poecilus (Poecilus) lepidus lepidus (Leske, 1785) BG: Byala Cherkva, 1600 m (APFELBECK, 1904: 253, sub Pterostichus lepidus; HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 70); place Kauka near Dospat; St. Petka Monastery; Bachkovski Monastery; Bojkovo; Churen; Ruen Hut; Gela; Michalkovo; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 70); new data: Chechljovo, 4-7.VIII.1925, 1 s., PD: Samurski Dol near Sv. Petar, 29.VI.1992, 1 m., 1 f., DR; Teshel, 18.IV.1994, 1 s., DR; place Sveta Petka near Chepelare, 30.V.1994, 2 s., DR; Orpheus Hut, 22.V.1995, 2 s., DR; Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996, JM; Smolyan, 4.VIII.1996, JM; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM.; between Borino and Chala, 1300 m, 3.VIII.1997, 2 sp., BP; between Velingrad and Sarnitsa, 1500 m, 21.VII.2001, 1 s., EM.; Pamporovo, 1500 m, 23.VII.2001, 1 s., EM; Magareshki Dol River, 1180 m, 3.VIII.2001, 1 s., BG; Bujnovsko Gorge between Yagodinska Cave and Bujnovo, 17.IV.2005, 1 s., shifting litter in mixed forest, PS; Perelik Hut, 2000 m, 17.VII.2005, 1 s., BO. Poecilus (Poecilus) versicolor (Sturm, 1824) [= coerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758)] BG: Batak (APFELBECK, 1904: 255, sub Pterostichus coerulescens); Batashki Snezhnik, 1800 m; Bachkovo; Bojkovo; Dedovo; Ruen Hut; Studenets Hut; Zdravets Hut; Ravnishta Hut; Chepelare; Pamporovo; Progled (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 70); new data: Persenk Mine, 1000 m, 29.V.1976, 1 s., JG; Ognyanovo, 17.VI.1988, 1 s., VS; Pamporovo, VIII.1992, 2 m., DR / 13.IV.1994, 2 s., DR; Chepelare, 22.V.1994, 3 s., DR; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM; Magareshki Dol River, 1180 m, 3.VIII.2001, 2 s., BO. [Pterostichus (Argutor) leonisi Apfelbeck, 1904] BG: “Rhodopes” (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 73). The occurrence of this lowland species in the region is doubtful. Pterostichus (Argutor) vernalis (Panzer, 1796) BG: Batak (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 73); new data: Chepelarska River, 1140 m, 14.VI.1994, 1 s., DR; Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996, JM; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM.
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* Pterostichus (Bothriopterus) quadrifoveolatus Letzner, 1852 BG: Byala Cherkva, 15.V.1939, 1 m., IB. This is the third record for this species from Bulgaria. Pterostichus (Bothriopterus) oblongopunctatus oblongopunctatus (Fabricius, 1787) BG: Batashki Snezhnik; Velingrad; Zdravets Hut; Modar (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 74); new data: Persenk Mine, 1000 m, 29.V.1976, 1 s., JG; Pamporovo, VIII.1992, 1 m., soil traps, DR; Kutela, 9.IV.1994, 3 s., DR; Chepelare, 15.IV.1994, 4 s. / 22.V.1994, 1 s., DR; Smolyan, 4.VIII.1996, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM; Kanina River at Kovachevitsa, 940 m, 1.VIII.2001, 2 s., BG; Belitsa, 650 m, 30.VIII.2001, 1 s., BP. * Pterostichus (Feronidius) melas depressus (Dejean, 1828) BG: Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM. Balkan endemic subspecies. * Pterostichus (Morphnosoma) melanarius bulgaricus (Lutshnik, 1915) BG: Batashki Snezhnik Peak, 1950-2030 m, 14.-15.VIII.1995, 2 f., BO. Balkan subendemic subspecies. In Bulgaria Pterostichus melanarius forms two subspecies distinguishable in terms of corporal size . For the time being the subspecies bulgaricus is known only from the subalpine regions of the massifs of Central Stara Planina, Vitosha and the Western Rhodopes. It lives also in Austria (NMW), but its occurrence in the mountains of the Western Balkans has not been proved. Pterostichus (Morphnosoma) melanarius melanarius (Illiger, 1798) BG: Batak (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 75); new data: Chepelare, 1-3.VI.1902., 1 m., 1 f., VI. The data of HIEKE & WRASE (op. cit) is referred to this subspecies provisionally. BOUSQUET (2003b: 499) omitted it for Bulgaria, but in fact it occurs in places of low and middle altitudes. * Pterostichus (Parahaptoderus) vecors (Tschitschérine, 1897) BG: Boukova Planina Mt., Momchilov Dol reserve near Bostina, old black pine forest (Pinus nigra Arnold), 9.VI.1995, 1 m., PM; road Jugovsko Hanche – Jugovo, 650 m, 28.VII.-27.VIII.2004, 6 s., EM; Polkovnik Serafimovo, 900 m, 30.V.2005, 1 m., shifting litter, RB. East Balkan endemic species, whose range is localized primarily in Bulgaria; marginal occurrence in Eastern Macedonia and Northern Greece is also possible. BOUSQUET (2003b: 506) mentioned it for the Asian part of Turkey without exact localities. Pterostichus (Phonias) diligens (Sturm, 1824) BG: Gela (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 72); Chepelare, 1100 m, VII; Trigrad, 850 m, VIII (VASSILEV & NECHEVA, 1989: 51). Pterostichus (Phonias) strenuus (Panzer, 1796) BG: St. Petka Monastery; Orpheus Hut; Chepelare; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 72); new data: Chepelarska River, 1140 m, 14.VI.1994, 3 s., DR; Pamporovo, 18.IV.1995, 8 s., DR; Rajkovski Livadi Place near Chepelare, 2-26.II.1995, 6 s., DR;
Adephaga
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Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996, JM; Smolyan, 4.VIII.1996, JM; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM. Pterostichus (Platysma) niger niger (Schaller, 1783) [= bulgaricus Obenberger, 1917; bulgarus Csiki, 1930] BG: Chepelare (type locality of var. bulgaricus; OBENBERGER, 1917: 10, sub P. niger bulgaricus; SCHATZMAYR, 1943: 86, sub P. niger bulgarus); Batak; Churen, 800 m; Ruen Hut; Zdravets Hut; Pamporovo; Smolyan (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 75); new data: Pamporovo, 9.IX.1992, 3 s., BG / 18.IV.1994, 1 m., DR; Kutela, 9.IV.1994, 1 m., DR; around Sbirkova Peshtera Cave, 10.V.1994, 3 s., DR; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Bachkovo, VII.1997, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; Dospat Dam at Sarnitsa, 1200 m, 22.VII.2001, 1 s., EM; Arda, 31.V.2005, 1 s., shifting litter, RB. Pterostichus (Pseudomaseus) minor minor (Gyllenhal, 1827) BG: Smolyan (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 74). Pterostichus (Pseudomaseus) nigrita (Paykull, 1790) BG: Orpheus Hut; Chepelare; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 73); new data: Beglika, 21.VI.1926, 1 f., IB; Chepelare, 22.V.1994, 4 s., DR; Batashki Snezhnik Peak, 1950-2030 m, 14.-15.VIII.1995, 1 s., BG; Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996 / 24.VII.1997, JM; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; Kanina River near Kovachevitsa, 940 m, 1.VIII.2001, 2 s., BG; coast of Beglica Dam, 1600 m, 2.VIII.2001, 1 s., BG; river near Sokolovtsi, 1000 m, 16.VII.2005, 1 m., BO. [Pterostichus (Pterostichus) brucki Schaum, 1859] BG: “Rhodopes” (RAMBOUSEK, 1912: 95). The absence of this Balkan endemic species in the region is surprising. Pterostichus (Pterostichus) rhilensis rhilensis Rottenberg, 1874 BG: Batak (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 77); material examined: “Bulgarien Rodopen Batak 2.VIII87 leg. Arndt”, 1 s. (ZMHU). This Bulgarian endemic species and subspecies has been cited only once for the Western Rhodopes, so its occurrence there should be proved again. It is most likely that it occurs only in the massif of Syutka. Stomis (Stomis) pumicatus pumicatus (Panzer, 1796) BG: Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 69); new data: Yagodinski Karst, IXX.1993, soil traps, 1 f., DR; Gorno Fatovo, 1123 m, 28.V.2005, 1 m., shifting litter, RB; Chepintsi, 940-980 m, 1.VI.2005, 2 m., 1 f., RB. Tapinopterus (Tapinopterus) balcanicus balcanicus Ganglbauer, 1891 [= bartoni Mařan, 1933 syn. n.; kaufmanni kulti Mařan, 1940 syn. n.] BG: Batak; Karlak (= Golyam Snezhnik) Peak (APFELBECK, 1904: 243, sub Pterostichus kaufmanni); Alabak, VI (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 9); Smolyan (MAŘAN, 1940: 56, sub T. bartoni); Batashki Snezhnik, 1800 m; Velingrad; Bachkovo, 1000 m; Churen, 800 m; Orpheus Hut; Ruen Hut; Zdravets Hut; plave Mezargidik; Pamporovo, 1500 m;
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Persenk Peak (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 78); new data: Shiroka Laka, 27.VI.1924, 4 s., PD; Karlak (= Golyam Snezhnik) Peak, 2187 m, 27.VI.1924, 9 s., PD / NR; Perelik Massif, Ledenik Cave, 28.VI.1924, 3 s., PD; Chepelare, 29.VI.1924, 4 s., PD / 22.V.1994, 4 s., DR; Batashko Blato Marsh, 11.VIII.1925, 1 s., PD; Ruen Hut, 1200 m, 25.IX.1993, 7 s., PS; Rozhen, IX.1993, 1 s., DR; Yagodinski Karst, IX-X.1993, 1 f., DR; around Sbirkova Peshtera Cave, 27.XII.1993, 1 s. / 10.V1994, 4 s., DR; Pamporovo, 13-18.IV.1994, 20 s., DR / 9.V.1995, 4 s., DR / 1600 m, 30.VI.2000, 4 s., BG; Hadzhi Salinovo near Chepelare, 28.IV.1994, 16 s., DR; Orpheus Hut, 8.V.1994, 3 s., IK; place Mechkata between Chepelare and Pamporovo, 20.V.1994, 10 s., DR; Momchilov Dol reserve near Bostina, 9.VI.1995, 1 s. in old Pinus nigra Arnold – forest, PM; Smolyan, 4.VIII.1996, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; around Belitsa Village, 750 m, 30.VIII.2001, 1 s., BP; around Perelik Hut, 1950-2050 m, 25.V.2004, 2 m., 1 f. / 6.X.2004, 3 s., BO; Perelik Hut, 1950 m, 11.V.2005, 2 s., under stones, BP. **GR: “Gr. Prov. Drama 70 km N of Drama Rhodope Mt. 1200 m, l. Cate”, 1 f. (NMW); “Griechenland Region Makedonien Provinz Drama n. Skaloti 1500 m KendrikiRodopi 5.6.1986 leg. I. Wolf”, 2 s. (preliminarily identified as T. monastirensis Reitter, 1913; NMW); Elatia Peak, 1500 m, 15 km N Skaloti, 9.V.1990, 1 f., Picea forest, SC (cWR); N Paranesti, 9.V.1990, 1 m., Picea / Fagus forest, SC (cWR). This East Balkan endemic species and subspecies is one of the dominant carabid beetles in the primary forest ecosystems found at middle and high altitudes. One of the authors (BVG) examined and compared around 200 specimens of Tapinopterus Schaum, 1858, which come from the mountains of Vitosha, Rila, Pirin and Rhodopes, including topotypical specimens. The descriptions of T. balcanicus balcanicus, T. bartoni and T. kaufmanni kulti and the reference data for the country were also taken into account. Each of the last two taxa has been recorded only from Rila Mt. and the Bulgarian part of the Western Rhodopes (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995a: 119). Besides, T. bartoni was mentioned only twice – firstly in the original description from Rila Mt. (MAŘAN, 1933: 91) and a bit later from the vicinity of Smolyan, the Western Rhodopes (MAŘAN, 1940: 56). The characteristics used for the differentiation of T. balcanicus from the other two taxa are two – 1/ width / length ratio of pronotum; and 2/ presence / absence of border on prosternal process. Regarding the first characteristics, there are more or less variations in it, but in reality no specimens with pronotum longer rather than wide were found. The character presence / absence of border on prosternal process is fluctuating (inconstant) and it cannot be of specific or subspecific differentiation. In the Balkans, morphological fluctuations which are not dependent on the geographical distribution can be observed also in the genera Carabus Linnaeus, 1758 and Molops Bonelli, 1810. A possible explanation of this phenomenon is the Pleistocene isolation of populations in the mountainous areas of South Europe, whereas in many cases such isolations have not been enough to form distinct subspecies. The shape of the median lobe of aedeagus is invariable in the specimens from South Bulgaria. Because of the lack of stable morphological differences between T. balcanicus balcanicus, T. bartoni, T. kaufmanni kulti, we propose the last two taxa to be treated as junior synonyms of the first one: Tapinopterus (Tapinopterus) balcanicus balcanicus Ganglbauer, 1891 (type locality: “Rhilo-Dagh” = Rila Mt.) = Tapinopterus (Tapinopterus) bartoni Mařan, 1933 ((type locality: “Montes Rila. – Sub monte Mussalla prope Čam-Kurija (alt. circa 1600 m)” = Rila Mt., Borovets)), syn. n.
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Tapinopterus (Tapinopterus) balcanicus balcanicus Ganglbauer, 1891 (type locality: “RhiloDagh” = Rila Mt.) = Tapinopterus (Tapinopterus) kaufmanni kulti Mařan, 1940 ((type locality: “Rila planina (Èamkurija sub monte Mussala”) = Rila Mt., Borovets)), syn. n. Xenion ignitum (Kraatz, 1875) [= laticolle Mařan, 1930, syn. n.] BG: Velingrad; Bachkovo, 1000 m; Byala Cherkva, 1600 m; Zdravets Hut; Chepelare, 1200-1700 m; Pamporovo, 1600 m (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 69); Ognyanovo by Gotse Delchev, VI (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995a: 119); new data: Smolyan, 17.V.1986, 1 s., VS; Batak Dam, 11-16.VIII.1990, 2 s. in traps (ecotone forest/meadow habitat), MA; Pamporovo, VIII.1992, 1 m., soil traps, DR / 18.V.1995, 1 s., DR / 15001600 m, 25.V.2004, 1 s., BG; Gjovren, IX-X.1993, 1 f., soil traps, DR; Orpheus Hut, 8.V.1994, 3 s., IK; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Bachkovo, VII.1997, JM. EB. GR: Prasinada (CASALE et. al., 1990: 575). East Balkan endemic species with traceable Tertiary origin (Tertiary relict). MAŘAN (1930: 118) proposed the subspecies laticolle for the populations from the Slavyanka Mt. According to him this race differs from the nominotypical form in the wider and flatter structure of the body, larger head, longer antennae, etc., as well as somewhat differing pronotum and aedeagus. The holotype, labeled “Ali Botuš Exp. Maced. Mařan et Táborský lgt.” / “Typus” (red label) / “Xenion ign. ssp. laticolle m. Dr. Mařan det. Typus!”, is available in NMNHS. However, the aedeagus of this male one is missing, probably it was unstuck and fell. Another topotypical male specimen, labeled “Bulgaria, Slavyanka Mt. Hambardere, 1100-1500 m 22.V.1996, B. Gueorguiev”, was also found in the same depository and consequently studied as its aedeagus was extracted, examined and glued on additional cardboard. The diagnostic features of both males from Slavyanka Mt. were compared with those of other thirty-five specimens of the genus Xenion Tschitschérine, 1902 found in the massifs of Western Stara Planina, Central Stara Planina, Sashtinska Sredna Gora, Vitosha, Osogovo, Maleshevska, Rila, Western Rhodopes and Pirin. As a result of this action it was found that the external differences mentioned in the description of the subspecies laticolle reflect individual or population variations. On the other hand, the shape of the aedeagus is identical with that of topotypical specimens from Rila Mt.; in fact it is invariable in all populations of the species. The bigger size of pronotum in the specimens from Slavyanka Mt. is most likely a population fluctuation because it corresponds with that of the specimens from Sashtinska Sredna Gora Mt., while the specimens from the regions (Rila Mt., Pirin Mt.) situated between the two above mountains have a relatively smaller pronotum. In connection with this examination the next synonymy is proposed: Xenion ignitum (Kraatz, 1875) (type locality: “Rhilo-Dagh”) = Xenion ignitum laticolle Mařan, 1930 (type locality: “Alibotuš-gebirge” = Slavyanka Mt.), syn. n. Except for Bulgaria and the eastern part of Macedonia, the species also inhabits northeastern Greece (CASALE et. al., 1990: 575). BOUSQUET (2003: 521) mentioned it for Romania and European Turkey without exact localities. * Calathus (Calathus) distinguendus Chaudoir, 1846 BG: Byala Cherkva, 15.V.1939, 2 m., IB; place Sveta Petka near Chepelare, 30.V.1994, 2 s., DR; Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996 / 24.VII.1997, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; Mogilitsa,
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9.XI.1997, 1 s., BP; Pamporovo, 1600 m, 30.VI.2000, 1 s., old coniferous forest, BG; Dospat Dam at Sarnitsa, 1200 m, 22.VII.2001, 1 s., EM. Calathus (Calathus) fuscipes (Goeze, 1777) s. l. BG: Batak; Bachkovo; Bojkovo; Hvojna; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 89); new data: Devin, 23.VI.1924, 1 s., PD / 10.VI.1976, 2 s., JG; Trigrad, 24.VI.1924, 2 s., PD; Shiroka Laka, 27.VI.1924, 5 s., PD; Krichim, 1.VII.1940, 1 s., IB; Asenova Krepost, 10.VI.1961, 1 s., GP; Mostovo, 17-19.IV.1993, 3 s., PS; Smolyan, 4.VIII.1996, JM; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM; Dospat Dam at Sarnitsa, 1200 m, 26.VI.2002, 4 s., EM; Narechenski Bani, 1100 m, 10.V.-20.VI.2004, soil traps, 5 s., EM; road Jugovsko Hanche – Jugovo, 650 m, 28.VII.-27.VIII.2004, 1 s., EM. GR: Xanthi Gorge, 28.IV.1914, 1 f., DI. Calathus (Neocalathus) ambiguus ambiguus (Paykull, 1790) BG: Asenovgrad (APFELBECK, 1904: 285); Bachkovo; Smolyan (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 90); new data: Devin, 10.VI.1976, 1 s., JG; Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996 / 24.VII.1997, JM; Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM; Bachkovo, VII.1997, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM. Calathus (Neocalathus) erratus erratus (C.R. Sahlberg, 1827) BG: Bachkovo; Churen, 800 m; Studenets Hut; Momchil Yunak Hut; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 90); new data: Chepelare, 29.VI.1924, 2 s., PD; Bachkovski Monastery, 20.IV.1928, 1 s., NS; Byala Cherkva, 15.V.1939, 1 m., IB; Jundola, 1850 m, 11.VIII.1939, 1 s., PD; place Sveta Petka near Chepelare, 30.V.1994, 4 s., DR; Orpheus Hut, 22.V.1995, 1 s., DR; Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996 / 24.VII.1997, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; Dospat Dam at Sarnitsa, 1200 m, 26.VI.2002, 2 s., EM; Perelik Hut, 1950-2000 m, 6.X.2004, 2 s. along brook, BO. Calathus (Neocalathus) melanocephalus melanocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Batak (APFELBECK, 1904: 286; HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 92); Batashki Snezhnik Peak, 1800 m; St. Petka Monastery; Bachkovo; Churen, 800 m; Zdravets Hut; Chepelare; Churnite Mostove Hut; Mezargidik; Pamporovo; Smolyan (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 91); new data: Karlak (= Golyam Snezhnik) Peak, VI.1924, 1 s., NR; Byala Cherkva, 15.V.1939, 1 f., IB; Jundola, 1850 m, 11.VIII.1939, 2 s., PD; Ablanitsa, 1.V.1994, 1 s., BP; around Sbirkova Peshtera Cave, 10.V.1994, 1 s., DR; Batashki Snezhnik Peak, 1950-2030 m, 14.-15.VIII.1995, 2 s., BG; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM; Bachkovo, VII.1997, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM; Mogilitsa, 9.XI.1997, 1 s., BP; around Perelik Hut, 2000-2050 m, 25.V.2004, 1 f., BO. This eurytopic species lives at various altitudes as it prefers ecotone and open habitats. Calathus (Neocalathus) metallicus aeneus Putzeys, 1873 BG: Karlak (= Golyam Snezhnik) Peak (APFELBECK, 1904: 285, sub C. metallicus Dejean, 1828); Batashki Snezhnik, 1800 m; Bachkovo, 1000 m; Churen; Modar; Gela; Prespa Hut; Persenk; Mezargidik; Pamporovo, 1500-1600 m; Smolyan (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 91, sub C. metallicus Dejean, 1828); new data: Karlak (= Golyam Snezhnik) Peak,
Adephaga
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VI.1924, 12 s., NR; Pamporovo, 18.IV.1994, 4 s., DR; between Murgavets (= Karamandzha) Peak and Kartala Col, 24.IV.1994, 4 s., DR; Hadzhi Salinovo near Chepelare, 28.IV.1994, 8 s., DR; Chepelarska River, 1140 m, 14.VI.1994, 2 s., DR; around Sbirkova Peshtera Cave, 10.V.1994, 2 s., DR; Modarska Peshtera Cave, 1600 m, 26.IX.1994, 1 s., BP; Batashki Snezhnik Peak, 1700-2030 m, 14.-15.VIII.1995, 1 s., BG; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Dospat Dam at Sarnitsa, 1200 m, 22.VII.2001, 1 s., EM; around Perelik Hut, 19502050 m, 23-25.V.2004, 2 m., BO; Perelik Hut, 1950 m, 11.V.2005, 2 s., under stones, BP. East Balkan endemic subspecies which lives in ecotone and open habitats above 1200 m and is the dominant carabid species in habitats over 1800-1900 m altitude. Calathus (Neocalathus) mollis mollis (Marsham, 1802) BG: Bachkovo (RAMBOUSEK, 1912: 97). * Dolichus halensis (Schaller, 1783) BG: Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM. HOVORKA & SCIAKY (2003: 530) omitted this species for Bulgaria, but actually HIEKE & WRASE (1988: 92) recorded some exact localities, and GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV (1995a: 91) summarized all the data known until then. Laemostenus (Actenipus) plasoni plasoni (Reitter, 1885) BG: Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 93); Chepelare, 1050-1400 m (CASALE, 1988: 548); material revised: Novata Peshtera Cave near Peshtera, 2 s. (ATANASOV, 1934: 206, sub Sphodrus leucophthalmus); new data: Topchika Cave, 9.IV.1973, 2 s., VG; Svredelka Cave, 9.IV.1974, 2 s., PB; Yubileina Cave in Kupena reserve, 9.IV.1974, 6 s., PB / 28.VI.2000, 2 s. / 10.V.2002, 1 s., BP / 17.VI.2005, PB & PS; Yagodinska Peshtera Cave, V.1974, 3 s., VG; Gargina Dupka Cave near Mostovo, 806 m, 14.III.1993, 2 s., BP / 23.V.2005, 1 s., PS; Zmijn Bunar Cave near Mostovo, 18.IV.1993, 1 s., BP; Dupcheto Cave near Velingrad, 25.XI.1993, 1 s., PS / 9.VIII.1997, 1 m., BP; Ablanitsa Cave near Gotse Delchev, 1.V.1994, 2 s., BP; Salievata Peshtera Cave near Gotse Delchev, 2.XI.1994, 1 s., BP; Zlatarska Cave near Gospodintsi, 2.XI.1994, 1 s., BP; Krajputnata Peshtera Cave near Smilyan, 9.XI.1997, 1 m. / 6.VIII.1999, 1 s., BP; Boevskata Peshtera Cave near Boevo, 30.VIII.1999, 1 m., BP; Suchodolska 2 near Suchia Dol and Trigrad, 1350 m, 3.VI.2000, 1 s., BP; Martsiganitsa Hut, Druzhba Precipice, 1357 m, 21.V.2005, 1 s., DD; Martsiganitsa Hut, Topchika Cave, 987 m, 22.V.2005, 2 s., PS & DD; Druzhba Precipice, 1357 m, 21.V.2005, 1 s., DD; around Uhlovitsa Cave near Koshnitsa, 858 m, 28.V.2005, 1 s., shifting litter, RB; Goloboitsa 2 Cave near Koshnitsa, Smolyan District, 19.VII.2005, 3 s., TI; cave Prikazna (¹ 3688) near Dryanovo, 1120 m, 9.X.2005, 1 s., under stones, BP. GR: Prasinada (CASALE et. al., 1990: 575); new data: Drama District, Peristerones Cave near Potami, 21.IX.2000, 7 s., under stones in guano, BP & PS; Xanthi District, Dupkata Cave near Xanthi, 680 m, 25.IX.2000, 6 s., under stones in guano, BP & PS. East Balkan endemic species and subspecies which is the most frequent representative of the family in the caves of the Western Rhodopes. Laemostenus (Pristonychus) cimmerius (Fischer von Waldheim, 1823) s. l. BG: Batak (WRASE, 1991: 11); new data: Zmijn Bunar Cave near Mostovo, 18.IV.1993, 1 s., BP; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Bachkovo, VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa,
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24.VII.1997, JM; near Modarskata Peshtera Cave near Smolyan, 1600-1630 m, 19.VI.2005, 1 f., under stones, PB & PS. Balkan subendemic species. Laemostenus (Pristonychus) terricola punctatus (Dejean, 1828) BG: Byala Cherkva, 1600 m (APFELBECK, 1904: 276, sub L. punctatus; CASALE, 1988: 787, sub L. terricola punctatus; HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 93); Yamata Cave in the Dobrostan Mt., VIII; precipice Chavkina Dupka by Asenovgrad, IV; (BERON, 1972: 313, sub Pristonichus punctatus); Batak; Bachkovski Monastery, 100 m; Ruen Hut; Zdravets Hut (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 93). § Sphodrus leucophthalmus (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Novata Peshtera Cave near Peshtera (ATANASOV, 1934: 206). Two of the specimens published in this paper were revised and referred to Laemostenus plasoni plasoni (see above). Despite this misidentification the occurrence of S. leucophthalmus in the region is possible. Synuchus (Synuchus) vivalis vivalis (Illiger, 1798) [= nivalis (Panzer, 1796) nec Paykull, 1790] BG: Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 88, sub S. nivalis); new data: Hvojna, 1.VII.1924, 1 s., DI; Byala Cherkva, 2.VII.1931, 1 s., IZ; Chepelarska River, 1140 m, 14.VI.1994, 1 s., DR; Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996 / 24.VII.1997, JM; Smolyan, 4.VIII.1996, JM; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; Kanina River near Kovachevitsa, 940 m, 1.VIII.2001, 1 s., BG; Magareshki Dol River near Borino, 1180 m, 1 s., 3.VIII.2001, BO. Amara (Amara) aenea (DeGeer, 1774) BG: Batak; Peshtera; Radilovo; Velingrad; Asenovgrad; Bachkovo; Ruen Hut; Krichim; Markovo; Chepelare; Devin; Gela; Persenk Mine; Pamporovo; Smolyan; Smolyanski Ezera Lakes, 1300-1400 m; Trigrad (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 100); new data: Asenovgrad, 10.VI.1961, 1 s., VG; Ognyanovo, 17.VI.1988, 1 s., VS; Mostovo, 17-19.IV.1993, 1 s., PS / 20.X.1994, 1 s., BG; Chepelare, 22.V.1994, 3 s., DR; Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996 / 24.VII.1997, JM; Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; between Velingrad and Sarnitsa, 1500 m, 21.VII.2001, 1 s., EM; Dospat Dam at Sarnitsa, 1200 m, 22.VII.2001, 1 s. / 26.VI.2002, 3 s., EM; Batak Dam, 1140 m, 2.V.2002, 2 s. / 28.VI.2002, 2 s., EM; Narechenski Bani, 1100 m, 10.V.-20.VI.2004, soil traps, 2 s., EM. This is one of the most common and eurytopic species of the genus. Amara (Amara) anthobia A. Villa & G.B. Villa, 1833 BG: Rhodopes near Plovdiv (APFELBECK, 1904: 301); Asenovgrad (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 102). Amara (Amara) communis (Panzer, 1797) BG: Orpheus Hut; Izgrev Hut; Trigrad (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 97); new data: Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996, JM.
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Amara (Amara) convexior Stephens, 1828 BG: St. Petka Monastery; Markovo; Chepelare (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 97); new data: Chepintsi, 940-980 m, 1.VI.2005, 8 s., RB. Amara (Amara) curta Dejean, 1828 BG: St. Petka Monastery; Bachkovo, 1000 m; Asenovgrad (= Gorni Voden); Studenets Hut, 1700 m; Chepelare; Devin; Persenk Mine; Pamporovo, 1600 m (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 98); new data: Samurski Dol, 29.VI.1992, 1 s., DR; Stojkite, 7.IX.1992, 1 s., BG; Mostovo, 17-19.IV.1993, 1 s., PS; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; coast of Beglika Dam, 1600 m, 2.VIII.2001, 1 m., BO. Amara (Amara) eurynota (Panzer, 1796) BG: Orpheus Hut; Studenets Hut; Smolyan, 1200 m (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 101); Ognyanovo by Gotse Delchev (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995a: 159); new data: Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM; Batak Dam, 1140 m, 2.V.2002, 1 s., EM. Amara (Amara) familiaris (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Bachkovo; Chepelare; Dospat, 1100 m; Orpheus Hut; Pamporovo; Smolyan, 1200 m; Trigrad (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 101); new data: Rozhen, 14.VI.1992, 1 s., DR. * Amara (Amara) littorea C.G. Thomson, 1857 BG: Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996, JM. Amara (Amara) lucida (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Asenovgrad; Bachkovski Monastery; Ruen Hut; Yavorovo; Modar; Skobelevo; Chepelare; Dospat, 1100 m; Pamporovo; Ravnishta Hut; Persenk (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 102). Amara (Amara) lunicollis Schiødte, 1837 BG: Karlak (= Golaym Snezhnik) Peak (APFELBECK, 1904: 299); Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 99). Amara (Amara) montivaga Sturm, 1825 BG: Pamporovo (HIEKE, 1976: 325; HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 96); Chepelare, 1100 m (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 96); new data: Rozhen, 14.VI.1992, 2 s., DR; Smolyan, 4.VIII.1996, JM; Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM. * Amara (Amara) nigricornis C.G. Thomson, 1857 BG: near Perelik Hut, 2000-2050 m, 25.V.2004, 1 f., BO. Glacial relict. Amara (Amara) nitida Sturm, 1825 BG: Batak; Chepelare; Pamporovo, 1000-1600 m; Trigrad, 1000 m (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 97); new data: Pamporovo, 13.IV.1994, 1 s., DR; Chepelare, 15.IV.1994, 1 s., DR; place Sveta Petka near Chepelare, 30.V.1994, 1 s., DR; near Perelik Hut, 2050 m, 17.VII.2005, 1 f., BO.
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Amara (Amara) ovata (Fabricius, 1792) BG: Bachkovo; Pamporovo; Studenets Hut (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 96); new data: Martsiganitsa Hut, Druzhba Precipice, 1357 m, 21.V.2005, 1 s., DD. Amara (Amara) proxima Putzeys, 1866 BG: Hrabrino (= Sotir) (APFELBECK, 1904: 300); Bachkovo; Narechenski Bani; Persenk Peak, 2000 m (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 98). Amara (Amara) saphyrea Dejean, 1828 BG: Batak; Asenova Krepost; Asenovgrad; Bachkovo; Krichim (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 96). Amara (Amara) similata (Gyllenhal, 1810) BG: Bachkovo; Krichim; Skobelevo; Chepelare; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 95); new data: near Smolyan, 4.VIII.1996, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM. Amara (Amara) tibialis (Paykull, 1798) BG: Batak; Studenets Hut, 1700 m; Chepelare; Persenk (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 103); new data: Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM. Amara (Bradytus) apricaria (Paykull, 1790) BG: Velingrad (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 9); Batak; Chepelare; Gela; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 107); new data: Chepelare, 28.VIII.1987, 1 s., DR; place Sveta Petka near Chepelare, 30.V.1994, 5 s., DR; Progleg, 27.VI.1994, 1 s., DR; Mostovo, 20.X.1994, 2 s., BG; Panichkovo, VII.1997, JM; Bachkovo, VII.1997, JM; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM; between Borino and Chala, 1300 m, 3.VIII.1997, 1 s., BP; Dospat Dam at Sarnitsa, 1200 m, 22.VII.2001, 3 s. / 26.VI.2002, 11 s., EM; Arda, 31.V.2005, 1 s., shifting litter, RB. Amara (Bradytus) consularis (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Alabak, VI (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 9); new data: Narechenski Bani, 1100 m, 10.V.-20.VI.2004, soil traps, 1 s., EM; Dyavolsko Garlo Cave near Trigrad, 16.IV.2005, 2 s., under stones and trees in main chamber, PS. [Amara (Bradytus) crenata Dejean, 1828] BG: “Rhodopes” (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 107). The presence of this lowland inhabiting species in the region needs confirmation. Amara (Bradytus) fulva (O. F. Müller, 1776) BG: Velingrad, VI (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 9); Batak; Studenets Hut; Krichim; Chepelare; Michalkovo; Trigrad (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 108); new data: Dospat Dam at Sarnitsa, 1200 m, 26.VI.2002, 20 s., EM; Batak Dam, 1140 m, 28.VI.2002, 2 s., EM.
Adephaga
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Amara (Celia) bifrons (Gyllenhal, 1810) BG: Tamrashka River; Pamporovo; Smolyan (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 105); new data: Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; near Perelik Hut, 2050 m, 17.VII.2005, 1 m., BO. Amara (Celia) erratica (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Karlak (= Golyam Snezhnik) Peak (APFELBECK, 1904: 302; HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 103); Pamporovo; Smolyan (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 103). Glacial relict with Arcto-Alpine type of distribution. Amara (Celia) fusca Dejean, 1828 BG: Bachkovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 104). * Amara (Celia) ingenua (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM. * Amara (Celia) messae Baliani, 1924 BG: “Bulgaria, Rhodopen Lichtung a. Gol. Persenk 28.VIII.1989, leg. Hartmann”, 1 s. (ZMHU); around Perelik Hut, 2000-2050 m, 25.V.2004, 2 s. / 6.X.2004, 1 s. along brook, BO. Glacial relict with South European (Alpine) type of distribution. * Amara (Celia) municipalis bischoffi Jedlièka, 1946 BG: Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM. Amara (Curtonotus) aulica (Panzer, 1796) BG: Batak; Bachkovo; Studenets Hut; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 109); new data: Perelik Massif, Ledenik Cave, 28.VI.1924, 1 m., PD; Pamporovo, 18.IV.1994, 1 s., Zabardo, 900 m, 19.X.1994, 1 f., DR; DR; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; Sarnitsa, 24.VII.1997, JM. Amara (Paracelia) serdicana Apfelbeck, 1904 BG: Bachkovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 106). Amara (Percosia) equestris equestris (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Pamporovo (HIEKE, 1978: 257; HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 108); Chepelare (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 108); new data: Chepelare, 29.VI.1924, 1 s., PD; Sarnitsa, 29.VII.1996 / 24.VII.1997, JM; Trigrad, VII.1997, JM. Amara (Zezea) chaudoiri incognita Fassati, 1946 BG: Batak; Ruen Hut (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 94-95). Amara (Zezea) fulvipes (Audinet-Serville, 1821) BG: Pamporovo (HIEKE, 1970: 157; HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 94); Radilovo; Ravnishta Hut; Chepelare; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 94); new data: Djovlen (now Devin), 23.VI.1924, 1 f., PD; Batak Dam, 1140 m, 28.VI.2002, 1 s., EM.
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Amara (Zezea) plebeja (Gyllenhal, 1810) BG: Batak; Chepelare (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 93); new data: Chepelare, 22.V.1994, 2 s., DR; Izgrev Hut – Laki, 6.VIII.1996, JM; Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM; Dospat Dam at Sarnitsa, 1200 m, 26.VI.2002, 1 s., EM; Batak Dam, 1140 m, 28.VI.2002, 4 s., EM. Rare species cited only from the Western Rhodopes in Bulgaria. Amara (Zezea) tricuspidata Dejean, 1831 BG: Pamporovo (HIEKE, 1970: 196; HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 94); Chepelare (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 94). Zabrus (Pelor) balcanicus balcanicus Heyden, 1883 BG: Alabak, VI; Velingrad, VI (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 9); Chepelare; Devin (DRENSKY et al., 1951: 284); Batak (DRENSKY et al., 1951: 284; HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 111); Ruen Hut; Zdravets Hut; Pamporovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 111); new data: Mugla, 26.VII.1997, JM. East Balkan endemic species and subspecies. Zabrus (Pelor) balcanicus rhodopensis Apfelbeck, 1904 [= jureckovae Mařan, 1943] BG: Bachkovo, VI (type locality of var. jureckovae; MAŘAN, 1943: 8, sub Z. jureckovae); place Kauka near Dospat; Velingrad (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 111); new data: Belovo, 1 f., JM; Smolyan, 1 m.; Chepelare, 14.VI.1976, 1 m., JG; Ognyanovo, 17.VI.1988, 1 m., VS; around Perelik Hut, 1950-2050 m, 25.V.2004, 2 s. / 6.X.2004, 1 s. along brook, BO. Balkan endemic subspecies. The revision of a single male paratype of Z. jureckovae confirms the established synonymy. Zabrus (Pelor) spinipes spinipes (Fabricius, 1798) [= blaptoides Creutzer, 1799] BG: Velingrad, VI (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 9, sub Pelor blapoides!; HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 110, sub Z. blapoides!); Bachkovo, 1000 m; Ruen Hut; Zdravets Hut; Pamporovo, 1700 m (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 110, sub Z. blapoides!); Chepelare; Shiroko Laka; Rozhen (FREUDE, 1989: 147); new data: Asenovgrad, 19.V.1920, 1 f., IB; Pamporovo, VIII.1992, 1 s., DR; Rozhen – Observatory, 8.IX.1992, 7 s., BG; Pamporovo, 1500 m, 1318.IV.1994, 6 s., DR / 1500 m, 23.VII.2001, 1 s., EM / 1500-1600 m, 25.V.2004, 1 m., BG; near Modarskata Peshtera Cave near Smolyan, 1600-1630 m, 19.VI.2005, 4 s., under stones, PB & PS; Martsiganitsa Hut, Gargini Dupki Cave, 1367 m, 22.V.2005, 1 m., PS. § Zabrus (Zabrus) ignavus Csiki, 1907 [= piger Dejean, 1828 nec Fourcroy, 1785] BG: Bachkovski Monastery, V (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 9, sub Z. piger Dejean). This Western Mediterranean species has been cited for Bulgaria only regarding above data. Most probably this record concerns misidentified material of another congener as we agree with SERRANO & ANDÚJAR (2003) who ignored Z. ignavus for Bulgaria. [Zabrus (Zabrus) tenebrioides longulus Reiche & Saulcy, 1855] BG: “Rhodopes” (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 110 sub Z. tenebrionides Goeze). The occurrence of this pest in the region is possible. Recently it was cited for the Eastern Rhodopes (GUÉORGUIEV, 2004a: 396].
Adephaga
331
Gyrinidae Aulonogyrus (Aulonogyrus) concinnus (Klug, 1834) BG: Peshtera, VII (GUÉORGUIEV, 1961: 357). Gyrinus (Gyrinus) distinctus Aubé, 1838 BG: Batak, VI; Rhodopes - Belovo (GUÉORGUIEV, 1961: 360). Gyrinus (Gyrinus) substriatus Stephens, 1828 BG: Ustina, IX; place Forty Springs near Asenovgrad, VIII; Peshtera, VII (GUÉORGUIEV, 1961: 360); Trigradska River near Trigrad, IV; Batak Dam, VII (RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 27). Orectochilus (Orectochilus) villosus villosus (O. F. Müller, 1776) BG: Arda River near Smilyan, IX (RUSSEV, 1964: 22). Haliplidae Haliplus (Haliplus) fulvicollis Erichson, 1837 BG: Asenovgrad (RAMBOUSEK, 1912: 103). Rare species, in Bulgaria cited only from the above locality and Plovdiv (GUÉORGUIEV, 1971: 181). Haliplus (Haliplus) ruficollis (DeGeer, 1774) BG: place Forty Springs near Asenovgrad, V (GUÉORGUIEV, 1964: 298). Haliplus (Haliplus) wehnckei Gerhardt, 1877 BG: Batashko Blato Marsh, X (GUÉORGUIEV, 1971: 180). Haliplus (Liaphlus) laminatus (Schaller, 1783) BG: place Forty Springs near Asenovgrad, IV (GUÉORGUIEV, 1964: 298). Haliplus (Neohaliplus) lineaticollis (Marsham, 1802) BG: place Forty Springs near Asenovgrad, IV (GUÉORGUIEV, 1962: 6). Noteridae Noterus clavicornis (DeGeer, 1774) BG: place Forty Springs near Asenovgrad, V (GUÉORGUIEV, 1965a: 107). Dytiscidae § Agabus (Acatodes) congener (Thunberg, 1794) BG: “Rhodopes” (GUÉORGUIEV, 1965a: 112). In fact the cited data refers to Rila Mt.
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Agabus (Acatodes) sturmi (Gyllenhal, 1808) BG: Smolyanski Ezera Lakes, VIII (GUÉORGUIEV, 1962: 10). Rare species known only from the Western Rhodopes in Bulgaria (GUÉORGUIEV, 1987: 109; GUÉORGUIEV et al., 1993: 291). Agabus (Gaurodytes) biguttatus (Olivier, 1795) [= nitidus (Fabricius, 1801)] BG: Asenovgrad (RAMBOUSEK, 1912: 106; HLISNIKOVSKÝ, 1954: 98); Bachkovski Monastery, IV (GUÉORGUIEV, 1964: 301, sub A. nitidus); tributary of Dospat River, east of Dospat, V; Shirokolashka River by Shiroka Laka, VI; Samodivsko (= Matno) Smolyansko Ezero Lake, V (RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 26). Agabus (Gaurodytes) bipustulatus (Linnaeus, 1767) BG: Devinska River by Devin, VIII; Samodivsko (= Matno) Smolyansko Ezero Lake, V-VI (RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 27); Chepelare (GUÉORGUIEV, 1977: 314). Agabus (Gaurodytes) conspersus (Marsham, 1802) BG: Smolyanski Ezera Lakes (1-st lake), V (GUÉORGUIEV, 1965a: 113). Agabus (Agabinectes) didymus (Olivier, 1795) BG: Bachkovo, VI (GUÉORGUIEV, 1962: 10); tributary of Stara River near Peshtera, VII (GUÉORGUIEV, 1965a: 114; RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 27). Rare species known only from the Western Rhodopes in Bulgaria (GUÉORGUIEV, 1987: 113; GUÉORGUIEV et al., 1993: 291). * Agabus (Gaurodytes) dilatatus (Brullé, 1832) GR: Xanthi District, brook near Echinos, 06.04.1985, cHF. Agabus (Gaurodytes) guttatus guttatus (Paykull, 1798) BG: Alabak (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 11); resort St. Konstantin near Peshtera, IX; near Ledenik Cave near Shiroka Laka (GUÉORGUIEV, 1965a: 110); Oslenska River (left tributary of Shirokolashka River) near Shiroka Laka, VI; Zabardovska River at ramification of Erkyupriya River, V (RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 27). Agabus (Gaurodytes) melanarius Aubé, 1837 BG: Smolyanski Ezera Lakes, VIII (GUÉORGUIEV, 1962: 10). Agabus (Gaurodytes) nebulosus (Forster, 1771) BG: Devinska River near Devin, VIII (RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 27). Ilybius fuliginosus fuliginosus (Fabricius, 1792) BG: Smolyanski Ezera Lakes, VIII (GUÉORGUIEV, 1962: 11). * Ilybius jaechi (Fery & Nilsson, 1993) GR: Xanthi District, brook near Echinos, 06.04.1985, cHF.
Adephaga
333
Platambus maculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: stream east of Dospat, V; stream near Velingrad, VII (GUÉORGUIEV, 1965a: 109); stream above Toshkov Chark Dam, VI; Vucha River near Nastan, V; Shirokolashka River near Shiroka Laka, VI (RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 26). Colymbetes fuscus (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Rhodopes – Belovo (GUÉORGUIEV, 1965a: 117). Rhantus (Rhantus) suturalis (W.S. MacLeay, 1825) [= punctatus (Geoffroy, 1785)] BG: Rhodopes – St. Petar Monastery (NEDELKOV, 1909: 15, sub R. punctatus). Rhantus (Rhantus) suturellus (Harris, 1828) BG: Batak Dam, VII (RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 27). Rare species cited only from the above find in Bulgaria (GUÉORGUIEV, 1987: 123; GUÉORGUIEV et al., 1993: 291). Acilius (Acilius) sulcatus (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: puddle near Smolyanski Ezera Lakes, X (GUÉORGUIEV, 1965a: 119). Dytiscus marginalis marginalis Linnaeus, 1758 BG: Smolyanski Ezera Lakes (1-st lake), V (GUÉORGUIEV, 1965a: 120). Hydaticus (Hydaticus) transversalis transversalis (Pontoppidian, 1763) BG: Asenovgrad (RAMBOUSEK, 1912: 108; HLISNIKOVSKÝ, 1954: 99). Bidessus unistriatus (Goeze, 1777) BG: Asenovgrad (RAMBOUSEK, 1912: 104; HLISNIKOVSKÝ, 1954: 95). Deronectes latus (Stephens, 1829) BG: stream east of Dospat, V; Smolyanski Ezera Lakes (4-th lake), V (GUÉORGUIEV, 1965a: 104). Rare species found only in Vitosha Mt. and the Western Rhodopes in Bulgaria (GUÉORGUIEV, 1987: 84). Deronectes platynotus platynotus (Germar, 1836) BG: stream below Golyam Perelik Peak, VII (GUÉORGUIEV, 1965a: 104). Rare species recorded only in the mountains of Vitosha, Rila and Western Rhodopes in Bulgaria (GUÉORGUIEV, 1987: 85). Graptodytes f lavipes (Olivier, 1795) [= concinnus (Stephens, 1835)] BG: Bachkovo; Asenovgrad (RAMBOUSEK, 1912: 105; HLISNIKOVSKÝ, 1954: 97). Graptodytes granulatus (Linnaeus, 1767) BG: Batashko Blato Marsh, X; Batashka River, X (GUÉORGUIEV, 1965a: 102). Rare species cited only from Oryahovo, Lozenska Planina Mt. and the Western Rhodopes in Bulgaria (GUÉORGUIEV, 1987: 78).
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B. GUÉORGUIEV & J. M. LOBO * Graptodytes sedilloti phrygius Guignot, 1942 GR: Drama District, Paranestion – Dipotama, 05.05.1989, HB. Hydroporus angustatus Sturm, 1835 BG: Hvojna, VIII (GUÉORGUIEV, 1965a: 99).
Hydroporus erythrocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Chepinska River (GUÉORGUIEV, 1965a: 99). Rare species found only in the above locality and the region of Pirdop in Bulgaria (GUÉORGUIEV, 1987: 67). § Hydroporus nigrita (Fabricius, 1792) BG: “Demir Kapú im W.-Rhodope” (APFELBECK, 1904: 377; GUÉORGUIEV, 1965a: 100; 1987: 68). Actually the above data on this glacial relict has to be referred to Rila Mt. (formerly regarded as part of the Rhodopes). Hydroporus pubescens (Gyllenhal, 1808) [= habelmanni Wehncke, 1876] BG: Zabardo, VII; stream below Golyam Persenk Peak, VII (GUÉORGUIEV, 1980: 82, sub H. pubescens habelmanni). GR: Xanthi District, brook near Stavrupolis, 06.04.1985, cHF. Hydroporus tesselatus Drapiez, 1819 BG: Bachkovo, VI (GUÉORGUIEV, 1962: 6 ). GR: Xanthi District, brook near Stavrupolis, 06.04.1985, cHF. Nebrioporus (Nebrioporus) suavis (Sharp, 1882) BG: river near Bachkovo, VI; Osikovo near Gotse Deltsev, V; stream near Smolyan (= Rajkovo), V (GUÉORGUIEV, 1965a: 105, sub Potamonectes suavis); Devinska River, 4 km above Batak Dam, VII-VIII; Trigradska River at junction for Chaira locality, VII; Shirokolashka River near Shiroka Laka, VIII; Oslenska River (left tributary of Shirokolashka River) near Shiroka Laka, VIII; Erkyuprijska River, VI; Erkyuprijska River near the ramification for Zabardo (before fusion with Zabardovska River), VII (RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 26, sub Potamonectes suavis). GR: Xanthi District, brook near Echinos, 06.04.1985, HF; Xanthi District, brook near Stavrupolis, 06.04.1985, HF; Xanthi District: brook near Xanthis, cHF. Oreodytes sanmarkii sanmarkii (C.R. Sahlberg, 1826) [= rivalis Gyllenhal, 1827] BG: stream above Smolyan, VII; Smolyanski Ezera Lakes, VII (GUÉORGUIEV, 1965a: 106, sub O. rivalis sanmarki); Chairska River before fusion in Trigradska River, VII; Shirokolashka River near Shiroka Laka, VIII; stream near Smolyanski Ezera Hut, V (RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 26, sub O. rivalis sanmarki); Erkyuprijska River, V; Mesinski Gjol Pool, VIII (GUÉORGUIEV, 1980: 83, sub O. rivalis sanmarki). Scarodytes halensis halensis (Fabricius, 1787) BG: Erkyuprijska River near the bridges, V (RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 26); Devinska River, VII; puddle near Gorno Smolyansko Ezero Lake, 1600 m, X (GUÉORGUIEV, 1980: 83).
Adephaga
335
Hygrotus (Coelambus) impressopunctatus impressopunctatus (Schaller, 1783) BG: Chepinska River (GUÉORGUIEV, 1965a: 94, sub Coelambus impressopunctatus). Hygrotus (Hygrotus) inaequalis inaequalis (Fabricius, 1777) BG: Batashka River, X (GUÉORGUIEV, 1965a: 97). Laccophilus hyalinus hyalinus (DeGeer, 1774) BG: stream above Toshkov Chark Dam, VI; Devinska River, 4 km above Batak Dam, VII-VIII; Oslenska River (left tributary of Shirokolashka River) near Shiroka Laka, VIII; Zabardovska River at fusion with Erkyuprija, V (RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 26). Laccophilus minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Erkyuprijska River at the bridges, VI; Cherna River above Smolyam, V; Batak Dam, VII (RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975: 26). Laccophilus poecilus Klug, 1834 [= variegatus (Germar & Kaulfuss, 1816)] BG: Asenovgrad (RAMBOUSEK, 1912: 106, sub L. variegatus; HLISNIKOVSKÝ, 1954: 94, sub L. variegatus).
Faunistic and taxonomic results The study reports 362 species from the Bulgarian and Greek parts of the Western Rhodopes grouped in three categories with the aim to display the levels of reliability in the regional occurrence of species. The first category contains 343 species reported with exact records. They are distributed in five families – Carabidae (297), Gyrinidae (4), Haliplidae (5), Noteridae (1) and Dytiscidae (36). Fifty-six (56) species are reported for the first time in the studied region, including two species unknown for the science. One of these new taxa, e.g. Duvalius (Paraduvalius) nedelkovi sp. n. is described here. Three species, e.g. Bembidion cruciatum, Pterostichus melanarius and Zabrus balcanicus, are represented by two distinct subspecies. Altogether 337 species have been cited from the Bulgarian area of the region, 51 of them are reported for the first time while the geographical distribution of another 153 ones was updated with new faunistic data. Asaphidion rossii is confirmed for the fauna of Bulgaria. The genera Aptinus, Dyschirius, Asaphidion, Tachyta, Parophonus, Acupalpus, Bradycellus, Calodromius, Philorhizus, Olisthopus, and Dolichus are also reported for the first time from the Western Rhodopes. The occurrence of 16 taxa previously omitted for Bulgaria in the recent Catalogue of the Palaearctic Coleoptera is confirmed. Other 4 species (Carabus nemoralis, Bembidion glaciale, Harpalus luteicornis and Harpalus modestus) which were also omitted for Bulgaria in the last catalogue remain problematic and they are included in the list with reservations. The 337 adephagous taxa from the Bulgarian Western Rhodopes represent more than 38.5 % of the species recorded for the country. This is a relevant figure taking into account both the area of the analysed region and their habitat diversity. Probably, the real number of species inhabiting this region is higher, but actually there is no other geographical region in Bulgaria with such a high number of known species.
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Twenty-one species from the Greek part of the region are cited, 18 of them being new for the region, and 5 species are reported for the first time from the Western Rhodopes. Tapinopterus balcanicus is reported for Greece for the first time, and Agonum viridicupreum is confirmed for the fauna of this country. Two carabid species – Harpalus pygmaeus and H. triseriatus are reported only from the Greek part of the region. The second category includes 10 species cited for Bulgaria only in reference to “Rhodopes” data, so their presence remains dubious in the investigated area. Based on misidentifications or erroneous assignments of collection localities, the third category counts 9 species cited from the Bulgarian Rhodope area in the past. Here their deletion from the regional list is discussed. Tachyura sexstriata is excluded also from the list of the Bulgarian fauna. The omissions of Ditomus tricuspidatus, Dixus sphaerocephalus, Harpalus neglectus and Zabrus ignavus for Bulgaria in the recent Catalogue of the Palaearctic Coleoptera are confirmed. The data on Sphodrus leucophthalmus is based on misidentified material of another species, whereas, the records of Nebria hybrida rhodopensis, Agabus congener and Hydroporus nigrita should probably be assigned to Rila Mt. The examination of type or topotypical material of some taxa that inhabit the Western Rhodopes allows us to propose the following synonymies: Bembidion (Peryphus) subcostatum javurkovae Fassati, 1944, syn. n. of Bembidion (Peryphus) subcostatum vau Netolitzky, 1913 Bembidion (Peryphus) subcostatum spartanum Fassati, 1944, syn. n. of Bembidion (Peryphus) subcostatum vau Netolitzky, 1913 Tapinopterus (Tapinopterus) bartoni Mařan, 1933, syn. n. of Tapinopterus (Tapinopterus) balcanicus balcanicus Ganglbauer, 1891 Tapinopterus (Tapinopterus) kaufmanni kulti Mařan, 1940, syn. n. of Tapinopterus (Tapinopterus) balcanicus balcanicus Ganglbauer, 1891 Xenion ignitum laticolle Mařan, 1930, syn. n. of Xenion ignitum (Kraatz, 1875)
Beetles of conservation importance Table 1 lists the thirty-three species that could be considered in future conservation surveys of the regional diversity. The main criterion for their classification is the low frequency with which we can find them (rarity), or the limited distributional range of the taxon. The populations of all or most of these species are probably either sparse or represented by a low number of individuals. Finally, these are species with low ecological valency. Eighteen of the taxa of conservation importance are classified as rare and at the same time thirteen of them are put in another category. There are also eight local endemic, as seven of them belong to the tribe Trechini of the family Carabidae, and five of them are eyeless hypogean species. Potential distributional maps of 22 non hypogean carabid species inhabiting the Western Rhodopes are observed and made (Appendix 1). Two kind of symbols used there represent the localities in which each species has been collected and the potential localities with similar climatic conditions (see part Material and methods). The maps can be especially important from a conservation point of view.
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T a b l e 1. Beetles from suborder Adephaga of conservation importance in the Western Rhodopes Taxa Leistus magnicollis Nebria rhilensis Calosoma inquisitor inquisitor Calosoma sycophanta Carabus cavernosus cavernosus Carabus gigas gigas Carabus scabrosus bureschianus Cychrus semigranosus balcanicus Paussus turcicus Trechini gen. & sp. indet. Bembidion bipunctatum nivale Patrobus atrorufus Duvalius bureschi Duvalius karelhurkai Duvalius nedelkovi sp. n. Duvalius rajtchevi Trechus matrismeae Trechus rhodopeius Trechus rubens Trechus szujeckii Molops rhodopensis rhodopensis Myas chalybaeus Pterostichus quadrifoveolatus Pterostichus vecors Xenion ignitum Laemostenus plasoni plasoni Amara nigricornis Amara erratica Amara messae Zabrus balcanicus balcanicus Zabrus balcanicus rhodopensis Agabus sturmi Agabus didymus All
Cor
Esc
Pro
Loc
Eba
Bal
Rel
+
Rar +
+ +
+
+ + + + +
+
+ + + +
+ +
+ + + + + +
+ + + + + + +
+
+ +
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + 1
1
4
8
7
3
7
18
Conclusion Based mainly on more or less regular field surveys accomplished during a period of one century, the Bulgarian Rhodopes faunistic information for the species of the suborder Adephaga has been compiled. Regarding the composition of the different families (Table 2), the level of knowledge on the species diversity in the region is high. To increase the regional Adephaga catalogue it is necessary to investigate the hypogean and riparian Carabidae as well as to accomplish more comprehensive faunistic studies
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T a b l e 2. Species number (subspecies not included) of the families of Adephaga in Bulgaria and the Bulgarian part of the Western and Eastern Rhodopes (in brackets supposed number) Families
Bulgaria
Western Rhodopes
Eastern Rhodopes
Rhysodidae Carabidae Haliplidae Hygrobiidae Noteridae Dytiscidae Gyrinidae all
2 (2) 735 (739-746) 14 (20-21) 1 (1) 2 (2) 113 (127-129) 10 (12-13) 877 (903-914)
0 (1) 295 (315-320) 5 (11-12) 0 (1) 1 (2) 33 (55-58) 4 (5-6) 338 (390-400)
0 (1) 150 (260-270) 1 (9-10) 0 (1) 0 (2) 21 (46-48) 0 (4-5) 172 (323-337)
on the Hydradephaga. On the other hand, the data for the Greek part of the region, besides its quite smaller territory (compared to the Bulgarian one), is scanty. Considering that the Western Rhodopes is one of the better preserved European regions, we specifically recommend carrying out further faunistic investigations and working out standardized survey protocols to monitor the species of conservation importance.
Acknowledgements The European Union-funded Integrated Infrastructure Initiative “Synthesys” supported the work of the first author at DEI, MNM, NMW and ZMHU (Applications AT-TAF-758, DE-TAF-725, HU-TAF-817). In this way, Dr. M. Uglih (ZMHU), Mr. B. Jaeger (ZMHU), Dr. A. Popov (NMNHS), Dr. H. Schönmann (NMW) and Gy. Szel (MNM) kindly allowed the work with the collections under their care. Appreciation is due to Dr. H. Fery (Berlin, Germany) and Mr. D. W. Wrase (Berlin, Germany) who entrusted him with their unpublished data. We thank all the people who gave us their collected material, and particularly Mr. B. Petrov, Dr. P. Beron, Dr. P. Stoev, the late Mr. D. Rajchev. This work was made possible partly thanks to a collaborative project between the CSIC (Spain) and BAS (Bulgaria).
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Author’s address: Dr. Borislav Guйorguiev National Museum of Natural History Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected] Dr. Jorge Miguel Lobo Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales c/ Jose Gutierrez Abascal, 2 28006 Madrid, Spain E-mail:
[email protected]
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Адефагни бръмбари (Insecta: Coleoptera: Adephaga) в Западните Родопи (България и Гърция) Борислав В. ГЕОРГИЕВ, Хорхе Мигел ЛОБО (Р е з ю м е) Настоящото изследване съобщава 362 вида от българската и гръцка част на Западните Родопи. Те са групирани в три категории с цел да се разграничат сигурните за района видове от съмнително съобщените в миналото. Първата категория наброява 343 вида от пет семейства, Carabidae (297), Gyrinidae (4), Haliplidae (5), Noteridae (1) и Dytiscidae (36), съобщени с точни находки. Петдесет и пет (56) вида се съобщават за първи път в литературата за района, включително два непознати за науката таксона. Един от последните, Duvalius (Paraduvalius) nedelkovi sp. n. (типово находище: пещера “Приказна” до с. Дряново, Радюва планина) е описан и сравнен с най-близкия до него вид. От българската част на района са цитирани 337 вида, като 51 от тях се споменават за първи път за Западните Родопи, а за други 153 вида са представени нови фаунистични данни. Видът Asaphidion rossii се съобщава за втори път за фауната на страната. Единадесет рода от Carabidae са нови за района. Потвърдено е присъствието на 16 вида в България, които не са споменати за страната в наскоро публикувания каталог на палеарктичните представители на Adephaga. Други 4 вида (Carabus nemoralis, Bembidion glaciale, Harpalus luteicornis and Harpalus modestus) остават проблематични за българската фауна и са включени с резервация в списъка. От гръцката част на Западните Родопи се съобщават 21 вида, като 18 от тях са нови за нея, а 5 вида са нови за планината. Видът Tapinopterus balcanicus е нов за фауната на Гърция, а Agonum viridicupreum се потвърждава за фауната на тази страна. Втората категория включва 10 вида съобщени в литературата от българската част на района с находка от типа “Родопи”, поради което присъствието им в района остава под въпрос. Третата категория обединява 9 вида посочени в миналото отново за българския сектор на Западните Родопи. Поради грешни определения или остаряла географска интерпретация тези видове са изключени от регионалния списък на видовете. Един от видовете на тази група (Tachyura sexstriata) е изключен също от списъка на българската фауна. Наличието на типусни и топотипусни екземпляри от западнородопски видове със съмнителен или спорен таксономичен статус предостави възможността да бъде изследвна и преосмислена тяхната валидност. В резултат на това се предлагат следните таксономични промени: Bembidion (Peryphus) subcostatum javurkovae Fassati, 1944, syn. n. of Bembidion (Peryphus) subcostatum vau Netolitzky, 1913 Bembidion (Peryphus) subcostatum spartanum Fassati, 1944, syn. n. of Bembidion (Peryphus) subcostatum vau Netolitzky, 1913 Tapinopterus (Tapinopterus) bartoni Mařan, 1933, syn. n. of Tapinopterus (Tapinopterus) balcanicus balcanicus Ganglbauer, 1891 Tapinopterus (Tapinopterus) kaufmanni kulti Mařan, 1940, syn. n. of Tapinopterus (Tapinopterus) balcanicus balcanicus Ganglbauer, 1891 Xenion ignitum laticolle Mařan, 1930, syn. n. of Xenion ignitum (Kraatz, 1875) Определени са 33 вида от подразред Adephaga с консервационна значимост. Осемнадесет от тях са редки видове, а 8 – локални ендемити. Изготвени са карти на 22 вида, като са показани установените и потенциални (предполагаеми) райони на разпространение на всеки от тях. Картите биха могли да бъдат от значение при евентуален мониторинг на консервационно значимите таксони.
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B. GUÉORGUIEV & J. M. LOBO Appendix 1.
Observed and potential distributional maps of the 29 non hypogean Carabid species inhabiting the Western Rhodopes. Big squares represent the localities in which each species has been collected, while little black points represent the localities with similar climatic conditions.
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Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
GEORGI GEORGIEV, ENRICO MIGLIACCIO, DANAIL DOYCHEV
Georgiev G., E. Migliaccio, D. Doychev. 2006. Longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P. (ed) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 347-360. Abstract. The cerambycid fauna (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) of the Western Rhodopes was examined on the basis of published data. As a result, 161 species have been found and reported for the region. They belong to 5 subfamilies as follows: Prioninae – 5 species, Lepturinae – 47 species, Spondylidinae – 9 species, Cerambycinae – 52 species and Lamiinae – 48 species. Two species only are known from the Western Rhodopes: Pedostrangalia emmipoda and Pogonocherus decoratus. Eight species (Cortodera discolor, Pachyta lamed, Anisarthron barbipes, Semanotus undatus, Glaphyra marmottani, Pedestredorcadion olympicum, Monochamus galloprovincialis pistor, and Tetrops starkii) are very rare in Bulgaria. Key words: Bulgaria, Western Rhodopes, Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, rare species
Introduction The Cerambycid fauna (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) of Bulgaria includes about 250 species (ANGELOV, 1995). Although this taxonomic group is well studied, there is lack of knowledge about the distribution of the species in different parts and regions of the country. This conclusion is also valid for the Bulgarian mountains. For example, only 52 cerambycid species are known in the Eastern Rhodopes (GEORGIEV et al., 2002, 2004a), and 90 species – in Strandzha mountain (GEORGIEV, STOJANOVA, 2003a, b; GEORGIEV et al., 2005a). This paper presents species composition and localities of longhorn beetles in the Western Rhodopes in Bulgaria.
Material and Methods The cerambycid fauna of the Western Rhodopes is studied on the basis of published data.
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T a b l e 1. Species composition and localities of cerambycids in Western Rhodopes Species 1 Prioninae Ergatini Ergates faber faber (Linnaeus, 1761) Macrotomini Rhaesus serricollis Motschulsky, 1838 Megopidini Aegosoma scabricorne (Scopoli, 1763)
Locality
Author 2
3
Asenovgrad
GEORGIEV et al. (2005b)
Asenovgrad
ANGELOV (1995)
Belovo, Lukovitsa River near Asenovgrad, Asenovgrad
KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932); GANEV (1986); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b)
Prionini Prionus besicanus Fairmaire, 1855 Asenovgrad, Markovo Prionus coriarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
Lepturinae Lepturini Alosterna tabacicolor (De Geer, 1775)
KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932); ANGELOV (1964, 1967) Chepelare, Belovo, Yundola, KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA Asenovgrad, Zdravets Hut, (1932); ANGELOV (1967); Ravnishta complex, Dobra voda GANEV (1984, 1985); Hut, Mine Persenk, Ustino, SAMUELIAN (1998); Bachkovo GEORGIEV et al. (2005b)
Belovo, Devin, Peshtera, HEYROVSKÝ (1931); Dorkovo, Yadenitsa River, Ruen KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA hut, Satovcha (1932); ANGELOV (1967); GANEV (1984, 1986); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) Anastrangalia dubia (Scopoli, Chepelare, Asenovgrad, HEYROVSKÝ (1931); 1763) Manastir, Biala Cherkva, ANGELOV (1964, 1967); Eleshnitsa, Rakitovo, Velingrad, GANEV (1985); GEORGIEV et Shiroka poliana al. (2005b) Anastrangalia sanguinolenta Chepelare, Asenovgrad, HEYROVSKÝ (1931); (Linnaeus, 1761) Studenets, Yundola, Biala ANGELOV (1964, 1967); cherkva, Eleshnitsa, Alabak GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) above Velingrad, Shiroka poliana Etorufus pubescens (Fabricius, 1787) Chepelare, Chehliovo, Mine HEYROVSKÝ (1931); Persenk, Bachkovo, Velingrad KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932); GANEV (1984); DOYCHEV, GEORGIEV (2004); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) Leptura aurulenta Fabricius, 1792 Belovo, Halpatch near KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA Chepelare, Yundola (1932); GANEV (1984, 1986) Leptura quadrifasciata Linnaeus, Chepelare, Yundola HEYROVSKÝ (1931); 1758 SAMUELIAN (1998) Lepturobosca virens (Linnaeus, Chehliovo, Belovo, Velingrad KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA 1758) (1932); ANGELOV (1967)
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T a b l e 1. Continued. 1 Pachytodes cerambyciformis (Schrank, 1781)
Pachytodes erraticus (Dalman, 1817)
Paracorymbia fulva (De Geer, 1775)
Paracorymbia maculicornis (De Geer, 1775) Paracorymbia pallens (Brullé, 1832)
2 Chehliovo, Asenovgrad, Hrabrino, Velingrad, Yundola, Chepelare, Narechen, Sveti Nikola, Dedovo Bachkovo Monastery, Lepanitsa cave, Belovo, Markovo, Hrabrino, Yundola, Krichim, Asenovgrad, Velingrad Chehliovo, Chepelare, Asenovgrad, Yundola, Dedovo, Bachkovo, Kanina River near Ognianovo Chepelare, Hrabrino, Rakitovo, Shiroka poliana Asenovgrad, Bachkovo, Alabak above Velingrad, Tapana above Bratsigovo Bachkovo Monastery
Pedostrangalia emmipoda (Mulsant, 1863) Pseudovadonia livida (Fabricius, Chepelare, Chehliovo, 1776) Bachkovo, Parvenets, Asenovgrad, Studenets, Sveti Nikola, Yundola, Dospat, Batak Rutpela maculata (Poda, 1761) Chehliovo, Belovo, Peshtera, Yundola, Asenovgrad, Narechen, Velingrad, Eleshnitsa
3 KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932); ANGELOV (1964, 1967); GANEV (1985); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932); MINKOVA (1957); ANGELOV (1964, 1967); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932); ANGELOV (1967); GANEV (1985); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) HEYROVSKÝ (1931); ANGELOV (1967); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) ANGELOV (1964, 1967, 1995); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) ANGELOV (1995)
HEYROVSKÝ (1931); KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932); ANGELOV (1964, 1967); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932); MINKOVA (1957); ANGELOV (1964, 1967); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) Stenurella bifasciata (Müller, Chepelare, Asenovgrad, Kuklen, HEYROVSKÝ (1931); 1776) Bratsigovo, Velingrad, Yundola, ANGELOV (1964, 1967); Velingrad, Bachkovo, Batak GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) Stenurella melanura (Linnaeus, Chepelare, Asenovgrad, HEYROVSKÝ (1931); 1758) Bachkovo, Studenets, Batak, ANGELOV (1964, 1967); Yundola, Biala Cherkva, Velingrad, GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) Bratsigovo, Shiroka poliana Stenurella nigra (Linnaeus, 1758) Peshtera, Batak, Krichim, KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA Hrabrino, Asenovgrad, (1932); ANGELOV (1964, 1967); Narechen GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) Stenurella septempunctata Chepelare, Peshtera; Belovo, HEYROVSKÝ (1931); (Fabricius, 1792) Batak, Bachkovo, Asenovgrad, KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA Narechen, Hrabrino, Velingrad, (1932); ANGELOV (1964, Biala Cherkva, Dospat, Shiroka 1967); GEORGIEV et al. poliana (2005b) Stictoleptura cordigera (Füsslins, Lukovitsa River near GANEV (1984, 1986); 1775) Asenovgrad, Pamporovo, GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) Bachkovo
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T a b l e 1. Continued. 1 Stictoleptura erythroptera (Hagenbach, 1822) Stictoleptura rubra (Linnaeus, 1758)
2 Asenovgrad Chepelare, Chehliovo, Belovo, Zdravets hut, Mezargidik, Mine Persenk, Dedovo, Manastir, Yundola, Biala cherkva, Selishte, Velingrad
3 ANGELOV (1967, 1995)
HEYROVSKÝ (1931); KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932); ANGELOV (1967); GANEV (1984, 1985); SAMUELIAN (1998); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) Stictoleptura rufa (Brullé, 1832) Lukovitsa River near Asenovgrad GANEV (1985) Stictoleptura scutellata (Fabricius, Foten, Peshtera, Biala cherkva, HEYROVSKÝ (1931); ANGELOV 1781) Dobra voda hut, Mine Persenk, (1967); GANEV (1984, 1986); Yadenitsa River, Borino GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) Strangalia attenuata (Linnaeus, Belovo, Asenovgrad, Narechen, KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA 1758) Hrabrino, Mine Persenk, (1932); ANGELOV (1964, Halpatch near Chepelare, 1967); GANEV (1984); Lukovitsa River near GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) Asenovgrad, Velingrad, Dospat Vadonia moesiaca (K. Daniel et Hrabrino ANGELOV (1964, 1967) J. Daniel, 1891) Vadonia unipunctata (Fabricius, Hrabrino, Sveti Nikola, Krichim ANGELOV (1964, 1967) 1787) Oxymirini Oxymirus cursor (Linnaeus, Belovo, Chudnite mostove, KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA 1758) Selishte, Eleshnitsa (1932); ANGELOV (1967); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) Necydalini Necydalis major Linnaeus, 1758 Chepelare GANEV (1986) Rhagiini Acmaeops pratensis (Laicharting, Chehliovo, Gjumiush chal, KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA 1784) Velingrad, Biala cherkva, (1932); ANGELOV (1967); Eleshnitsa GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) Anisorus quercus (Götz, 1783) The Rhodopes (without ANGELOV (1995) concrete locality) Cortodera femorata (Fabricius, 1787) Studenets ANGELOV (1967) Cortodera discolor Fairmaire, 1866 Asenovgrad GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) Cortodera flavimana (Waltl, Peshtera, Studenets, Yundola ANGELOV (1967); 1838) SAMUELIAN (1998) Cortodera humeralis (Schaller, Rhodopes (without concrete KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA 1783) locality) (1932) Dinoptera collaris (Linnaeus, Chehliovo, Peshtera, Batak, KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932); ANGELOV (1967); 1758) Krichim, Belovo, Velingrad, GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) Asenovgrad KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA Gaurotes (Carilia) virginea Chehliovo, Chepelare, (1932); ANGELOV (1967); (Linnaeus, 1758) Asenovgrad, Narechen, SAMUELIAN (1998); Chudnite mostove, Yundola, Beslet above Garmen, Ravnogor GEORGIEV et al. (2005b)
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T a b l e 1. Continued. 1 Grammoptera ruficornis (Fabricius, 1781)
2 Chepelare, Belovo
3 HEYROVSKÝ (1931); KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932) Pachyta lamed (Linnaeus, 1758) Belovo, Selishte KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932); ANGELOV (1967) Pachyta quadrimaculata Chepelare, Belovo, Chehliovo, HEYROVSKÝ (1931); (Linnaeus, 1758) Shiroka Laka, Progled, Sarnitsa, KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA Yundola (1932); ANGELOV (1967); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) Pidonia lurida (Fabricius, 1792) Chepelare, Yadenitsa River GANEV (1984, 1986) Rhagium (Hargium) bifasciatum Belovo, Progled, Chudnite KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA Fabricius, 1775 Mostove, Bashmandra, (1932); ANGELOV (1967); Chepelare, Yundola, Selishte GANEV (1984); SAMUELIAN (1998); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) Rhagium (Rhagium) inquisitor Belovo, Peshtera, Sjutka Peak, KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (Linnaeus, 1758) Gjumiush Chal, Chudnite (1932); ANGELOV (1967); Mostove, Progled, Chepelare, GANEV (1984); SAMUELIAN Yundola, Asenovgrad (1998); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) Rhagium (Megarhagium) mordax Belovo, Yadenitsa River, KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (De Geer, 1775) Asenovgrad (1932); GANEV (1986); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) Rhagium (Megarhagium) Belovo, Velingrad, Yundola KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA sycophanta (Schrank, 1781) (1932); SAMUELIAN (1998); DOYCHEV, GEORGIEV (2004) Rhamnusium bicolor (Schrank, Velingrad, Asenovgrad ANGELOV (1995); GEORGIEV 1781) et al. (2005b) Xylosteini Xylosteus bartoni Obenberger et Zdravets Hut ANGELOV (1995) Maøan, 1933 Spondylidinae Anisarthronini Alocerus moesiacus (Frivaldszky, Yundola SAMUELIAN (1998) 1838) Anisarthron barbipes (Schrank, Sveti Nikola ANGELOV (1967) 1781) Asemini Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant, 1839) Yundola, Peshtera KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932); ANGELOV (1967) Arhopalus rusticus (Linnaeus, Chepelare, Chepinska Bania, KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA 1758) Peshtera, Devin, Dedovo, Biala (1932); ANGELOV (1967); Cherkva, Yundola GANEV (1984, 1985); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b)
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T a b l e 1. Continued. 1 Asemum striatum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Tetropium castaneum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Tetropium fuscum (Fabricius, 1787)
2 3 Chehliovo, Vassil Kolarov dam, KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA Yundola, Beglika, Biala cherkva (1932); ANGELOV (1967); GANEV (1986); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) Chepino, Shiroka laka, KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA Chepelare, Yundola, Beglika (1932); GANEV (1984); SAMUELIAN (1998); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) Chudnite mostove hut, ANGELOV (1967); GANEV Boykovo, Yundola (1985, 1986); SAMUELIAN (1998)
Spondylidini Saphanus piceus ganglbaueri Yugovo near Asenovgrad Brancsik, 1886 Spondylis buprestoides (Linnaeus, Chepelare, Belovo, Studenets 1758) hut, Zdravets hut, Ruen hut, Asenovgrad, Selishte, Chala peak, Mine Persenk, Yundola, Sarnitsa, Biala cherkva Cerambycinae Callichromini Aromia moschata (Linnaeus, Belovo 1758) Callidiopini Axinopalpis gracilis (Krynicki, Belovo, Asenovgrad 1832) Callidiini Callidium aeneum (De Deer, Zdravets hut 1775) Callidium violaceum (Linnaeus, Belovo, Bachkovo Monastery 1758) Phymatodes testaceus (Linnaeus, Peshtera, Batak, Krichim, 1758) Asenovgrad, Ravnishta complex, Bachkovo Poecilium alni (Linnaeus, 1767) Chepelare, Bania near Chepino Poecilium fasciatum (Villers, 1789) Asenovgrad, Bachkovo Poecilium pusillum (Fabricius, 1787) Pyrrhidium sanguineum (Linnaeus, 1758) Ropalopus clavipes (Fabricius, 1775)
Bachkovo Yundola, Asenovgrad Belovo, Asenovgrad, Zdravets hut, Peshtera, Velingrad, Yundola, Bachkovo
GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932); ANGELOV (1967); GANEV (1984, 1986); SAMUELIAN (1998); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b)
KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932); MINKOVA (1957) HEYROVSKÝ (1931); ANGELOV (1995) ANGELOV (1967) KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932); MINKOVA (1957) KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932); ANGELOV (1964, 1967); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932) ANGELOV (1964, 1967); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) ANGELOV (1964, 1967) SAMUELIAN (1998); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932); ANGELOV (1967); SAMUELIAN (1998); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b)
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T a b l e 1. Continued. 1 Ropalopus macropus (Germar, 1824) Semanotus undatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Cerambycini Cerambyx cerdo Linnaeus, 1758 Cerambyx dux (Faldermann, 1837) Cerambyx miles Bonelli, 1823
2
Chepelare
3 KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932) GUTOWSKI (1985)
Asenovgrad, Narechen, Bachkovo Asenovgrad
ANGELOV (1964, 1967); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) ANGELOV (1967, 1995)
Bachkovo Monastery, Belovo, Asenovgrad, Narechen, Ruen hut, Velingrad
KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932); MINKOVA (1957); ANGELOV (1964, 1967); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) ANGELOV (1967)
Asenovgrad
Cerambyx nodulosus Germar, Markovo 1817 Cerambyx scopolii Füsslins, 1775 Asenovgrad, Krichim, Bachkovo Clytini Anaglyptus mysticus (Linnaeus, Belovo, Rakitovo, Batak, 1758) Markovo, Teshel Chlorophorus figuratus (Scopoli, Peshtera, Batak, Foten, 1763) Bachkovo, Mine Persenk
ANGELOV (1964, 1967); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b)
KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932); ANGELOV (1964, 1967) KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932); ANGELOV (1964, 1967); GANEV (1984) Chlorophorus herbsti (Brahm, Mine Persenk, Lukovitsa river GANEV (1984, 1985); 1790) near Asenovgrad, Narechen baths ANGELOV (1967) Chlorophorus hungaricus Seidlitz, Asenovgrad ANGELOV (1967) 1891 Chlorophorus sartor (Müller, 1766) Velingrad, Belovo, Markovo, KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA Asenovgrad, Lukovitsa River (1932); ANGELOV (1964, near Asenovgrad, Kanina River 1967); GANEV (1984); near Ognianovo GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) Chlorophorus trifasciatus Asenovgrad ANGELOV (1964, 1995) (Fabricius, 1781) Chlorophorus varius (Müller, Narechen, Hrabrino, Bachkovo ANGELOV (1967); GEORGIEV 1766) et al. (2005b) Clytus arietis (Linnaeus, 1758) Belovo KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932) Clytus lama Mulsant, 1847 Velingrad, Ustina ANGELOV (1967); GANEV (1985) Clytus rhamni Germar, 1817 Chehliovo, Chepelare, HEYROVSKÝ (1931); Markovo, Asenovgrad; KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA Bratsigovo, Velingrad, Sveti (1932); ANGELOV (1964, Nikola, Ustina, Bachkovo 1967); GANEV (1984, 1985); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b)
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T a b l e 1. Continued. 1 Plagionotus arcuatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Plagionotus detritus (Linnaeus, 1758) Plagionotus floralis (Pallas, 1773)
2 Asenovgrad, Yundola, Izgorialoto Giune Reserve near Krichim Zdravets Hut
3 ANGELOV (1964, 1967); SAMUELIAN (1998); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) ANGELOV (1967)
Peshtera, Bratsigovo, Bachkovo, Izgorialoto Giune Reserve near Krichim Markovo
KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932); ANGELOV (1967); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) ANGELOV (1967)
Xylotrechus antilope (Schönherr, 1817) Xylotrechus arvicola (Olivier, 1795) Krichim Xylotrechus rusticus (Linnaeus, Belovo, Parvenets 1758) Deilini Deilus fugax (Olivier, 1790) Asenovgrad, Peshtera, Eleshnitsa Graciliini Gracilia minuta (Fabricius, 1781) Asenovgrad Stromatium unicolor (Olivier, Boykovo 1795) Trichoferus griseus (Fabricius, 1792) Dedovo Trichoferus pallidus (Olivier, 1790) Asenovgrad Hylotrupini Hylotrupes bajulus (Linnaeus, Chepelare, Dedovo, Zdravets 1758) Hut, Bachkovo, Shiroka Laka, Kanina River near Ognianovo Molorchini Glaphyra marmottani (Brisout, Bachkovo 1863) Glaphyra umbellatarum Pestera, Pamporovo (Schreber, 1759) Molorchus minor (Linnaeus, 1758) Pamporovo, Dospat, Satovcha, Ravnogor, Devin Obriini Obrium brunneum (Fabricius, Selishte 1792) Obrium cantharinum (Linnaeus, The Rhodopes (without 1767) concrete locality), Asenovgrad Purpuricenini Purpuricenus budensis (Götz, 1783) Krichim, Asenovgrad, Lukovitsa River near Asenovgrad, Yundola Purpuricenus globulicollis Dejean, Asenovgrad, Mine Persenk 1839 Purpuricenus kaehleri (Linnaeus, Asenovgrad, Lukovitsa River 1758) near Asenovgrad
ANGELOV (1964, 1967) KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932); ANGELOV (1967) ANGELOV (1964, 1967, 1995); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) ANGELOV (1995) ANGELOV (1967) ANGELOV (1967) ANGELOV (1995) HEYROVSKÝ (1931); ANGELOV (1967); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) DOYCHEV, GEORGIEV (2004) ANGELOV (1967) ANGELOV (1967); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) ANGELOV (1988) KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932); ANGELOV (1995) ANGELOV (1964, 1967); GANEV (1985); SAMUELIAN (1998) ANGELOV (1964); GANEV (1984) ANGELOV (1967); GANEV (1985)
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T a b l e 1. Continued. 1
2
Rosaliini Rosalia alpina (Linnaeus, 1758) Belovo, Chepino, Lepanitsa River, Halpatch near Chepelare Stenopterini Callimellum angulatum Belovo, Mine Persenk (Schrank, 1789) Lampropterus femoratus (Germar, Yundola 1824) Stenopterus flavicornis Küster, 1846 Bachkovo Stenopterus rufus (Linnaeus, 1767) Asenovgrad, Bratsigovo, Peshtera, Bachkovo, Yundola Lamiinae Acanthocinini Acanthocinus aedilis (Linnaeus, Boykovo, Rhodopes (without 1758) concrete locality), Biala Cherkva Acanthocinus griseus (Fabricius, 1792) Exocentrus lusitanus (Linnaeus, 1767) Leiopus femoratus Fairmaire, 1859 Leiopus nebulosus (Linnaeus, 1758) Acanthoderini Aegomorphus clavipes (Schrank, 1781) Agapanthiini Agapanthia dahli (Richter, 1821)
3 KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932); GANEV (1984) KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932); GANEV (1986) SAMUELIAN (1998) GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) ANGELOV (1964, 1967); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b)
KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1934); ANGELOV (1967); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) Boykovo, Yugovo near ANGELOV (1967); GEORGIEV Asenovgrad, Martsiganitsa Hut ET AL. (2005b) Bachkovo GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) Zdravets hut Asenovgrad
ANGELOV (1967) ANGELOV (1967)
Belovo
KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1934)
Chepelare, Peshtera, Belovo, Lukovitsa river near Asenovgrad, Asenovgrad, Sveti Nikola Agapanthia kirbyi (Gyllenhal, Bachkovo, Belashtitsa, 1817) Asenovgrad, Satovcha Agapanthia violacea (Fabricius, Asenovgrad, Bachkovo 1775) Monastery, Markovo Agapanthia villosoviridescens (De Belovo, Ruen Hut, Bachkovo Geer, 1775) Monastery, Yadenitsa River Agapanthiola leucaspis (Steven, 1817) Calamobius filum (Rossi, 1790) Dorcadiini Neodorcadion bilineatum (Germar, 1824)
The Rhodopes (without concrete locality) Asenovgrad
Carinatodorcadion aethiops (Scopoli, 1763)
Peshtera, Perushtitsa, Belovo
Belovo, Peshtera, Krichim, Markovo, Dobra Voda Hut
KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1934); ANGELOV (1964, 1967); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) ANGELOV (1964, 1967); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) ANGELOV (1964); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1934); ANGELOV (1967); GANEV (1985, 1986) KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1934) ANGELOV (1967) HEYROVSKÝ (1931); MINKOVA (1961); ANGELOV (1964); GANEV (1986) KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1934); MINKOVA (1961)
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T a b l e 1. Continued. 1 Carinatodorcadion fulvum (Scopoli, 1763) Pedestredorcadion axillare (Küster, 1847) Pedestredorcadion olympicum (Kraatz, 1873) Pedestredorcadion pedestre (Poda, 1761)
Pedestredorcadion sturmi (Frivaldszky, 1837) Pedestredorcadion tauricum (Waltl, 1838) Lamiini Lamia textor (Linnaeus, 1758)
2 Yundola Belovo, Zdravets Hut
KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1934); ANGELOV (1967) C. Rhodopes (without concrete HEYROVSKÝ (1931); locality), Foten KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1934) Asenovgrad, Belovo, Krichim, HEYROVSKÝ (1931); Peshtera, Batak, Krichim, MINKOVA (1961); ANGELOV Zdravets hut, Bezovo Hut, (1964, 1967); SAMUELIAN Mihalkovo, Yundola (1998) Krichim, Belovo KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1934); MINKOVA (1961) Belovo MINKOVA (1961)
Chehliovo, Belovo, Bezovo Hut, Asenovgrad Morinus asper funereus (Mulsant, Asenovgrad, Bachkovo, Sveti 1862) Nikola, Zdravets Hut, Peshtera, Markovo, Ruen Hut, Yundola, Chervenata Stena reserve above Bachkovo Mesosini Mesosa curculionoides (Linnaeus, Belovo, Bachkovo 1761) Monochamini Monochamus galloprovincialis pistor (Germar, 1818) Monochamus sartor (Fabricius, 1787) Monochamus sutor (Linnaeus, 1758) Obereini Oberea (Amaurostoma) erythrocephala (Schrank, 1776) Oberea (Oberea) linearis (Linnaeus, 1761) Oberea (Oberea) oculata (Linnaeus, 1758)
3 SAMUELIAN (1998)
Chehliovo, Beglika, Selishte, Shiroka poliana, Trigrad Chepelare, Belovo Selishte, Yundola, Sarnitsa, Biala Cherkva, Eleshnitsa
KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1934); ANGELOV (1967) ANGELOV (1964, 1967); SAMUELIAN (1998); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b)
KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1934); DOYCHEV, GEORGIEV (2004) TSCHORBADJIEFF (1927); STEFANOV (1948a, b); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1934) ANGELOV (1967); SAMUELIAN (1998); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b)
Asenovgrad, Sveti Nikola
ANGELOV (1964, 1967)
Bachkovo
ANGELOV (1964, 1967); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) GANEV (1986); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b)
Chepelare, Dobra Voda Hut, Sarnitsa, Dospat, Trigrad, Biala Cherkva
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T a b l e 1. Continued. 1 Phytoeciini Musaria affinis (Harrer, 1784)
2 Chepelare, Halpatch near Chepelare, Smolian, Pamporovo, Biala Cherkva, Rakitovo, Shiroka popiana
Opsilia coerulescens (Scopoli, 1763)
Asenovgrad, Bachkovo Monastery, Krichim, Ruen Hut, Peshtera, Zdravets Hut, Sveti Nikola, Lukovitsa River near Asenovgrad, Trigrad Oxylia duponcheli (Brullé, 1832) Asenovgrad Phytoecia caerulea (Scopoli, 1772) Bachkovo, Ognjanovo Phytoecia cylindrica (Linnaeus, Bachkovo, Asenovgrad 1758) Phytoecia nigricornis (Fabricius, Belovo, Peshtera 1781) Phytoecia pubescens Pic, 1895 Asenovgrad Phytoecia pustulata (Schrank, Asenovgrad 1776) Phytoecia virgula (Charpentier, Belovo, Asenovgrad, Bachkovo, 1825) Sitovo Pilemia hirsutula (Frölich, 1793) Asenovgrad, Bachkovo, Bratsigovo Pogonocherini Pogonocherus decoratus Fairmaire, Zdravets Hut, Martsiganitsa Hut 1885 Pogonocherus fasciculatus (De Asenovgrad, Chudnite Geer, 1775) Mostove, Bachkovo, Batak, Velingrad
Saperdini Saperda carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758) Saperda octopunctata (Scopoli, 1772) Saperda populnea (Linnaeus, 1758) Saperda scalaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
3 HEYROVSKÝ (1931); KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1934); ANGELOV (1967); GANEV (1984, 1986); BRINGMANN (1998); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) ANGELOV (1964, 1967); GANEV (1985); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b)
ANGELOV (1967) ANGELOV (1967) HEYROVSKÝ (1931); ANGELOV (1964, 1967) KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1934); ANGELOV (1967) ANGELOV (1987) ANGELOV (1967) KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1934); ANGELOV (1964, 1967) HEYROVSKÝ (1931); ANGELOV (1967); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) ANGELOV (1989); DOYCHEV, GEORGIEV (2004) KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1934); ANGELOV (1967); BRINGMANN, DOERING (2001); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b)
Belovo, Zdravets Hut, Boykovo, KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA Chepelare (1934); ANGELOV (1967); GANEV (1985, 1986) Belovo, Bachkovo KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1934); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b) Chepelare, Asenovgrad KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1934); ANGELOV (1967); GEORGIEV et al. (2004b) Bachkovo Monastery, KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA Asenovgrad (1934); ANGELOV (1964, 1967)
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T a b l e 1. Continued. 1 2 Stenostola ferrea (Schrank, 1776) Belovo, Lukovitsa River near Asenovgrad Tetropini Tetrops praeustus (Linnaeus, 1758) Tetrops starkii Chevrolat, 1859
3 KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1934); GEORGIEV et al. (2005b)
Asenovgrad, Studenets
ANGELOV (1967)
Asenovgrad
GEORGIEV et al. (2005b)
Results and Discussion Until now 161 species of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) have been found and reported in the Western Rhodopes (Table 1). They belong to 5 subfamilies, 37 tribes, and 88 genera as follows: Prioninae – 4 tribes, 4 genera and 5 species; Lepturinae –5 tribes, 27 genera and 47 species; Spondylidinae – 3 tribes, 7 genera and 9 species; Cerambycinae – 13 tribes, 27 genera and 52 species; Lamiinae – 12 tribes, 23 genera and 48 species. The predominant part of cerambycids are common and widespread in Bulgaria (ANGELOV, 1995). However, two species only are known from the Western Rhodopes : Pedostrangalia emmipoda (Mulsant) and Pogonocherus decoratus Fairmaire. Another 8 species are very rare in the country: Cortodera discolor Fairmaire, Pachyta lamed (Linnaeus), Anisarthron barbipes (Schrank), Semanotus undatus (Linnaeus), Glaphyra marmottani (Brisout), Pedestredorcadion olympicum (Kraatz), Monochamus galloprovincialis pistor, and Tetrops starkii Chevrolat. With the exception of the Western Rhodopes, C. discolor is found in Burgas and Sakar Mt. (KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA, 1932; MINKOVA, 1957), P. lamed – in Borovets (Rila Mt.) (KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA, 1932), A. barbipes – in the region of Sofia and Struma Valley (ANGELOV, 1995), S. undatus – in Bistrishko branishte Reserve (Vitosha Mt.) (MIGLIACCIO et al., 2004), G. marmottani – in Chamdzha Reserve (Central Balkan Range) (GEORGIEV et al., 2005a), P. olympicum – in the region of Pazardzhik (HEYROVSKY, 1931; KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA, 1934), M. galloprovincialis pistor – in Sofia and Stara Zagora (KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA, 1934, GANEV, 1985), and T. starkii – in Slavianka Mt. (KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA, 1934). In conclusion it must be noted that the longhorn beetles of the Western Rhodopes are very well studied. Cerambicid fauna of the region contains about 65% of all group species found in Bulgaria. A significant part of the remaining cerambycids occurs mainly in the lowland and the hilly zone of the country (0-600 m a.s.l.) and, therefore, only few species could be established additionally as occurring in this mountain. Acknowledgements We would like to thank Ms. S. Kitanova, Forest Research Institute, Sofia, for her kind assistance in preparing the English language version of the manuscript.
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References ANGELOV P. 1964. Coleoptera aus der Thrakischen Tiefebene und einigen angrenzenden Gebieten. – In: Die Fauna Thrakiens, 1. Bulgarische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Sofia, 307-324 (in Bulgarian, summ. Russ., German). ANGELOV P. 1967. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der bulgarische Cerambyciden-Arten. – Travaux scientifiques de Ecole Normale Supérieure “P. Hilendarski” – Plovdiv, 5(1): 113-128 (in Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Ger.). ANGELOV P. 1988. Zwei unbekannten für die Fauna Bulgariens Cerambyciden-Arten. – Travaux scientifiques de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure “Paisii Hilendarski” – Plovdiv, 26(6): 137-138 (in Bulgarian, summ. Ger.). ANGELOV P. 1989. Unbekannten Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) für die Fauna Bulgariens. – Travaux scientifiques de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure “Paisii Hilendarski” – Plovdiv, 27(6): 137-138 (in Bulgarian, summ. Ger.). ANGELOV P. 1995. Fauna Bulgarica. 24. Coleoptera, Cerambycidae. Part I (Prioninae, Lepturinae, Necydalinae, Aseminae, Cerambycinae). Acad. Sci. Bulg., Sofia, 206 pp. (in Bulgarian). BRINGMANN H.-D. 1998. Die Musaria-Arten (Genus Phytoecia) Bulgariens (Col., Cerambycidae). – Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte, 42(1-2): 77-78. BRINGMANN H.-D., W. DOERING. 2001. Die Pogonocherus-Arten Bulgariens (Col., Cerambycidae). – Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte, 45(2): 119-121. DOYCHEV D., G. GEORGIEV. 2004. New and rare longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Bulgaria. – Acta zoologica bulgarica, 56(2): 167-174. GANEV J. 1984. New Records for Bulgarian Cerambycidae (Coleoptera). – Acta Entomologica Jugoslavica, 20(1-2): 57-61. GANEV J. 1985. Über die von Dr. Botscharov von Bulgarien gesammelten Cerambycidae-Arten. – Articulata, 2(6): 147-153. GANEV J. 1986. Beitrag zur Verbreitung der Familie Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) in Bulgarien. – Articulata, 2(9): 307-312. GEORGIEV G., A. STOJANOVA. 2003a. Studies on longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Strandzha Mountain, Bulgaria. – In: Proceedings “50 Years University of Forestry”, Section “Plant Protection”, 1-2 April 2003, Sofia, “Lotus”, 88-93 (in Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). GEORGIEV G., A. STOJANOVA. 2003b. New and rare longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Strandzha Mountain, Bulgaria. – Acta zoologica bulgarica, 55(2): 105-109. GEORGIEV G., A. STOJANOVA, P. BOYADZHIEV, M. LANGUROV. 2002. Longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Eastern Rhodopes in Bulgaria. – Forest Science, 3/4: 115-119. GEORGIEV G., A. STOJANOVA, P. BOYADZHIEV, M. LANGUROV. 2004a. Longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Eastern Rhodopes. – In: Beron P., Popov A. (Eds.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 433-437. GEORGIEV G., T. LJUBOMIROV, M. RAIKOVA, K. IVANOV, V. SAKALIAN. 2004b. Insect inhabitants of old larval galleries of Saperda populnea (L.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Bulgaria. – Journal of Pest Science, 77(4): 235-243. GEORGIEV G., N. SIMOV, A. STOJANOVA, D. DOYCHEV. 2005a. New and interesting records of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in some Bulgarian Mountains – Acta zoologica bulgarica, 57(2): 131-138. GEORGIEV G., D. DOYCHEV, E. MIGLIACCIO. 2005b. Studies on cerambycid fauna (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Western Rhodopes in Bulgaria. – Forest Science (in press). GUTOWSKI J.M. 1985. Semanotus undatus (L.) – a new representative of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) in Bulgarian fauna. – Acta zoologica bulgarica, 29: 79-81. HEYROVSKÝ L. 1931. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der bulgarischen Cerambyciden. – Mitteilungen aus den Königlichen naturwissenschaftlichen Instituten in Sofia, 4: 78-86. KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA S. 1932. Die Arten der Familie Cerambycidae (Col.). I. (Prioninae und Cerambycinae). – Mitteilungen der Bulgarischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft in Sofia, 7: 78-99 (in Bulgarian, summ. Ger.). KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA S. 1934. Die Arten der Familie Cerambycidae (Col.). II. (Lamiinae). – Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Bulgarie, 8: 132-144 (in Bulgarian, summ. Ger.). MIGLIACCIO E., G. GEORGIEV, P. MIRCHEV. 2004. Studies on cerambycid fauna (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) of Vitosha Mountain, Bulgaria. – Acta zoologica bulgarica, 56(2): 137-144. MINKOVA S. 1957. Neue seltene Arten Cerambycidae für Bulgarien. – Bull. Inst. Zool., 6: 539-560 (in Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Ger.).
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MINKOVA S. 1961. Untersuchungen über die Artenzusammensetzung der Tribus Dorcadionini (Col. Cerambycidae) in Bulgarien. – Bull. Inst. Zool., Sofia, 10: 293-309 (in Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Ger.). SAMUELIAN S. 1998. Species of family Cerambycidae, Coleoptera found at Jundola (near Velingrad). – Acta entomologica bulgarica, 4(1): 39-42 (in Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). STEFANOV D. 1948a. Strong damages from abiotic and biotic factors in our forests. – Annuaire de l’Université de Sofia, Faculté de Sylviculture. Sofia, 1: 15-29 (in Bulgarian). STEFANOV D. 1948b. Investigations on damages caused by some insect pests and fungal pathogens on Scot pine trees used for resin production. – Annuaire de l’Université de Sofia, Faculté de Sylviculture. Sofia, 1: 75-120 (in Bulgarian). TSCHORBADJIEFF P. 1927. Notes on new and rare insect pests in Bulgaria in 1926 and 1927. – Mitt. Bulgar. ent. Ges., 4: 125-134 (in Bulgarian).
Authors’ addresses: Georgi Georgiev Forest Research Institute – Sofia 132 St. Kliment Ohridski Blvd. 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected] Enrico Migliaccio Museo Scienze Naturali e Ambientali Piazza della Repubblica 22 00 150 Mentana/Roma, Italy Danail Doychev University of Forestry 10 Kliment Ohridski Blvd 1576 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
Сечковци (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) от Западните Родопи (България) Георги ГЕОРГИЕВ, Enrico MIGLIACCIO, Данаил ДОЙЧЕВ (Р е з ю м е) Церамбицидната фауна (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) на Западните Родопи е проучена по литературни данни. Общо 161 вида, принадлежащи към 88 рода, 37 трибуса и 5 подсемейства са намирани и съобщавани за района. По подсемейства видовете се разпределят по следния начин: Prioninae – 5 вида, Lepturinae – 47 вида, Spondylidinae – 9 вида, Cerambycinae – 52 вида и Lamiinae – 48 вида. Два вида са известни за страната само от Западните Родопи: Pedostrangalia emmipoda и Pogonocherus decoratus. Осем вида (Cortodera discolor, Pachyta lamed, Anisarthron barbipes, Semanotus undatus, Glaphyra marmottani, Pedestredorcadion olympicum, Monochamus galloprovincialis pistor и Tetrops starkii) са много редки в България.
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Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Histeridae (Insecta: Coleoptera) from the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
EVGENI CHEHLAROV
Chehlarov E. 2006. Histeridae (Coleoptera) from the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P. (ed) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 361-364. Abstract. As a result of this study twenty-four species from the Western Rhodopes are established. Seven of them are new for the region and for another three taxa new localities are given. In comparison with the best studied region in Bulgaria (Black Sea Coast) it could be concluded that the region of the Western Rhodopes is not well investigated. Key words: Coleoptera, Histeridae, Western Rhodopes, Bulgaria, new records.
Introduction The region of the Western Rhodopes has not been subject of systematic investigations with regard to family Histeridae. Information for these beetles could be found in studies concerning investigation of the family for the whole country (MAZUR, 1970; ANGELOV, 1988), contributions to the Bulgarian fauna (GUÉORGUIEV, 1990), as well as in the study of the collection of the National Museum of Natural History (CHEHLAROV, 2004). In this study the species, which are given with “Rhodopes” locality and which are cited in other publications (CHEHLAROV, 2004b), are not presented.
Material This study is based on available literature sources, the collections of Dr. B. Guéorguiev and E. Migliaccio and the specimens collected by the author. The nomenclature and order of the taxa follow the world catalogue of Histeridae (MAZUR, 1997). The name of the valid species is followed by their synonyms (if any), cited for the region, the literature sources and the new data. Abbreviations used in the text: * - new species for the region; spec. – specimen/s
362
E. CHEHLAROV List of species Hololepta plana (Schulzer, 1776) Skobelevo (ANGELOV, 1988) Platysoma compressum (Herbst, 1783) Hvoina (MAZUR, 1970) *Platisoma elongatum (Thunberg, 1787) Teshel, 1000 m, 13.8.2005 – 4 spec. under bark of pine tree, leg. E. Migliaccio. Eblisia minor (Rossi, 1792) Skobelevo (ANGELOV, 1988) Margarinotus brunneus (Fabricius, 1775) Krichim (CHEHLAROV, 2004) *Margarinotus striola succicola (Thomson, 1862) Sokolovtsi Vill., 990 m, 17.08.2005 – 1 spec. in cow dung. Margarinotus obscurus (Kugelann, 1792) Belovo (CHEHLAROV, 2004) Margarinotus carbonarius (Hoffmann, 1803) Hvoina (MAZUR, 1970)
Margarinotus ventralis (Marseul, 1854) Batak (GUÉORGUIEV, 1990), Pestera (GUÉORGUIEV, 1990; ANGELOV, 1988), Danoto near Pestera (CHEHLAROV, 2004), Yasovir Vasil Kolarov (GUÉORGUIEV, 1990), Chudnite Mostove (CHEHLAROV, 2004), Beglika (CHEHLAROV, 2004) New data: Sokolovtsi Vill., 990 m, October 2004 – 1 spec. / 17.08.2005 – 8 spec. in cow dung, Sokolovtsi Vill., 985 m , 17-19.08.2005 – 12 spec. in dung baited pitfall traps; 2 km W of Rozhen, 1403 m, 18.08.2005 – 5 spec. in dung baited pitfall traps, Ezerovo near Smolyan, 1274 m, 19.08.2005 – 18 spec. in cow dung; Ezerovo near Smolyan, 1307 m, 17-19.08.2005 – 24 spec. in dung baited pitfall traps; 5 km E of Perelik Hut, 1750 m, 19.08.2005 – 1 spec. in dung baited pitfall traps. Pachilister inequalis (Olivier, 1789) Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1988), Zdravets Hut (ANGELOV, 1988), Byala Cherkva (ANGELOV, 1988) Hister funestus Erichson, 1834 “Ruen” Hut (ANGELOV, 1988) *Hister illigeri Duftschmid, 1805
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Yundola, 22.07.1965, 1 spec., leg B. Zaharieva, det. Kryzhanovskij, coll. NMNH; South of Chepelare, 1000 m, 19.08.2005 – 1 spec. in cow dung. Hister quadrimaculatus Linnaeus, 1758 Narechen (ANGELOV, 1988), Ruen Hut (ANGELOV, 1988) Hister sepulhralis Erichson, 1854 Bachkovo (MAZUR, 1970) Hister unicolor Linnaeus, 1758 Yundola (CHEHLAROV, 2004), Beglica near Velingrad (CHEHLAROV, 2004), Yasovir Vasil Kolarov (CHEHLAROV, 2004), Danoto near Peshtera (CHEHLAROV, 2004), Satovcha (CHEHLAROV, 2004), Trigrad (CHEHLAROV, 2004), Progled near Smolyan (CHEHLAROV, 2004), Smolyan Lakes (CHEHLAROV, 2004) New data: Sokolovtsi, 990 m, October 2004 - 1 spec. / 18.08.2005 – 1 spec. in cow dung. Sokolovtsi, 985 m, May 2004 – 2 spec. /17-19.08.2005 - 3 spec. in dung baited pitfall traps; site 4, 2005 – 2 spec.; Ezerovo near Smolyan, 1307 m, May 2004 – 1 spec. in dung baited pitfall traps; Ezerovo near Smolyan, 1274 m, 19.08.2005 – 1 spec. in cow dung; South of Chepelare, 1000 m, 19.08.2005 – 2 spec. in cow dung. Atholus bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Pestera (ANGELOV, 1988), Hvoina (MAZUR, 1970) Atholus duodecimstriatus (Schrank, 1781) Pestera (ANGELOV, 1988), Hvoina (MAZUR, 1970) New data: Sokolovtsi Vill., 990 m, 17.08.2005 – 1 spec. in cow dung. Atholus corvinus (Germar, 1817) Hvoina (MAZUR, 1970) *Dendrophilus punctatus championi Lewis, 1886 Pamporovo, 1400-1500 m, 30.06.2000 – 1 spec. in old coniferous forest, leg. B. Guéorguiev *Gnathoncus nannetensis (Marseul, 1862) near Narechenski Bani, 1100 m, 10.5 – 20.6.2004 – 1 spec. in soil traps, leg. E. Migliaccio Saprinus aegialius Reitter, 1884 (= incognitus Dahlgren, 1964) Velingrad (MAZUR, 1970) Saprinus aeneus (Fabricius, 1775) Narechenski Bani (ANGELOV, 1988), Slaveino (ANGELOV, 1988) *Saprinus semistriatus (Scriba, 1790)
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E. CHEHLAROV Teshel, 1000 m, 13.8.2005 – 3 spec. on dead bird, leg. E. Migliaccio *Saprinus subnitescens Bickhardt, 1909 Teshel, 1000 m, 13.8.2005 – 8 spec. on dead bird, leg. E. Migliaccio
Results Twenty-four species are established from the Western Rhodopes, which is 25% of the species cited for Bulgaria. This number is less than twice compared to the best studied region in Bulgaria - the Black Sea Coast (57 %). It could be concluded that the Western Rhodopes is not a well investigated region. Seven of the species are new for the region, while another three taxa are recorded with new localities.
References ANGELOV P. 1988 Die Arten der Familie Histeridae (Col.) aus Bulgarien. – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, 26 (6): 163175. (In Bulgarian, summ. Germ., Russ.) CHEHLAROV E. 2004a. Revised checklist of Histeridae (Coleoptera) in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Sofia. - Hist. nat. bulg., 16: 95-107 CHEHLAROV E. 2004b. Histeridae (Coleoptera) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 413-418. GUÉORGUIEV V. 1990 A contribution to the study of family Histeridae (Coleoptera) in Bulgaria. - Acta zool. bulg., 39: 76-77. (In Bulgarian) MAZUR S. 1970. Contribution to the knowledge of Histeridae of Bulgaria. - Polskie pismo ent., 42 (1): 145-150 MAZUR S. 1997 A world catalogue of Histeridae (Coleoptera, Histeroidea). - Genus, Int. J. Invertebr. Taxon. (Supplement), Wroclaw, 373 pp. Author’s address: Evgeni Chehlarov Institute of Zoology 1 Tsar Osvobodites Bulv. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria e-mail:
[email protected]
Histeridae (Insecta: Coleoptera) от Западните Родопи (България) Евгени ЧЕХЛАРОВ (Р е з ю м е) В настоящата публикация се съобщават 24 вида от сем. Histeridae. Седем от тях са нови за района, а за други три вида са представени нови данни за тяхното разпространение. При сравнение с най-добре проучения район в България (Черноморието) се прави заключението, че Западните Родопи за момента не са добре изследвани по отношение на сем. Histeridae.
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Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Bark Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in the Bulgarian Part of the Rhodopes
DANAIL DOYCHEV, DINKO OVCHAROV
Doychev D., D. Ovcharov. 2006. Bark Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in the Bulgarian Part of the Rhodopes. – In: Beron P. (ed) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 365-381. Abstract. A total number of 58 species and subspecies belonging to 24 genera of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) occur in the Bulgarian Rhodopes; these are 51,3 % of all known bark beetles in Bulgaria. Two species from the Western Rhodopes, Ernoporicus caucasicus (Lindemann, 1876) and Ips mannsfeldi (Wachtl, 1879) are new for the Bulgarian fauna and another 9 are new for the Rhodopes. Twenty-three genera and 55 species and subspecies occur in the Western Rhodopes; these are 48,7 % of Scolytinae in Bulgaria, or 94,8 % of the bark beetles in the Rhodopes. Six species are reported for the first time in this region. Nine genera and 11 species and subspecies occur in the Eastern Rhodopes; these are 9,7 % of Bulgarian Scolytinae, or 19,0 % of Scolytinae in the Rhodopes. Nine species and subspecies of them are new for the region. The knowledge on all probable bark beetle species of the Rhodopes is estimated at about 52 %; for the Western and Eastern parts they are 51 % and 21 %, respectively. Key words: Coleoptera, Scolytinae, Western and Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria.
Introduction The first records of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in the Rhodopes were made in the Bulgarian entomological literature by YOAKIMOV (1904) who reported two species from the Western Rhodopes. Subsequently, after more extensive studies, CHORBADJIEV (1924, 1927) and TSCHORBADJIEV (1929) added many more species, which were predominantly for the region of the Western Rhodopes (41 species) and only 2 for the Eastern part. These two species are still the only published data for the Eastern Rhodopes. For a long period no new data on the bark beetles in the Rhodopes was presented, but the biological and ecological characteristics of some economically important species were studied in more details by RUSSKOFF (1927), RUSKOV (1928), CHORBADJIEV (1930), DIMITROFF (1935), STEFANOV (1932, 1946, 1948, 1948 a, 1950, 1957), TSANKOV (1961), TSANKOV & TOMOVSKY (1985), TSANKOV et al. (1997), ZANKOV (1961), ZASHEV (1949/50, 1952).
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New data on the Western Rhodopes was published by PFEFFER (1972, 1994) - 2 species and DOYCHEV & KUHTEV (2003) - 2 species. Altogether 47 species of bark beetles in the Rhodopes are known until now. All of them are found in the Western Rhodopes, but 2 of them are also known to occur in the Eastern Rhodopes. This paper presents already published and new data on the bark beetles in the Bulgarian part of the Rhodopes (both the Western and the Eastern parts).
Material and Methods The discussed biological material was collected during the period 2001–2005 in different parts of the Western and Eastern Rhodopes using the following methods: • hand collection of adults in flight; • hand collection of adults under bark of stumps, logs, stems, branches and twigs of the host tree plants; • laboratory rearing of adults from samples (cuttings of stems, branches and twigs of trees), containing larvae, pupae and hibernating adults in plastic boxes at room temperatures (18-23oC); • capture in pheromone traps; • materials from the entomological collection of the University of Forestry, Sofia, were used as well. The genera, species and subspecies are sorted alphabetically. The nomenclature of the taxa is given according to ALONSO – ZARAZAGA (2004).The symbols and abbreviations used in the text are: * - new species for the region (Western or Eastern Rhodopes); ** - new species for the Bulgarian fauna; ex. – specimen(s); NMNHS – National Museum of Natural History, Sofia; coll. UFS – collection of the University of Forestry, Sofia; P – species with widely Palearctic distribution; H - species with Holarctic distribution; E – European and Eurosiberian species; M – Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean species.
Results and Discussion The list of the bark beetles is presented in two parts – for the Western and the Eastern Rhodopes by species: I. Bark beetles from the Western Rhodopes *Carphoborus minimus (Fabricius, 1798) New Data: 16 ex., 3 km south of Bachkovo, 650 m, reared from the apical part of a dry stem of Pinus sylvestris L., 21.IV. – 07.V.2002, D. Doychev leg.; 1 ex., near Martsiganitsa Hut, 1400 m, reared from dry branches of Pinus nigra Arn., 20.IV. – 26.IX.2002, D. Doychev leg. P.
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Cryphalus abietis (Ratzeburg, 1837) CHORBADJIEV (1924): on Abies alba Mill. CHORBADJIEV (1927): Chehlyovo, Byala Cherkva, on Picea abies Karst., Abies alba Mill. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929): on Picea abies Karst., Abies alba Mill., Pinus sylvestris L. P. Cryphalus piceae (Ratzeburg, 1837) CHORBADJIEV (1924): on Abies alba Mill. CHORBADJIEV (1927): Velingrad, Chehlyovo, Byala Cherkva, on Picea abies Karst., Abies alba Mill., Pinus sylvestris L. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929): Yundola, Velingrad, Chehlyovo, Byala Cherkva, on Picea abies Karst., Abies alba Mill., Pinus sylvestris L. P. Cryphalus saltuarius Weise, 1891 CHORBADJIEV (1924): on Abies alba Mill. CHORBADJIEV (1927): Darkovo, on Picea abies Karst., Abies alba Mill. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929): on Picea abies Karst. E. Crypturgus cinereus (Herbst, 1793) CHORBADJIEV (1924): Picea abies Karst. CHORBADJIEV (1927): Beglika Place, on Pinus sylvestris L. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929): on Pinus sylvestris L., Abies alba Mill. New Data: 35 ex., 5 km west of Shiroka Laka, 1100 m, hand collection under the bark of logs of Pinus nigra Arn., 16.V.2002, D. Doychev leg.; 4 ex., above Chervenata Stena Reserve, 1450 m, hand collection under the bark of dry stems of Pinus nigra Arn., 19.X.2001, D. Doychev leg. P. Crypturgus hispidulus Thomson, 1870 CHORBADJIEV (1927): Beglika Place, on Pinus sylvestris L., Picea abies Karst. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929): Yundola Place, Malka Syutkya Peak, on Picea abies Karst. E. Crypturgus pusillus (Gyllenhal, 1813) CHORBADJIEV (1927): on Pinus sylvestris L., P. nigra Arn., Picea abies Karst., Abies alba Mill. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929). New Data: 9 ex., 5 km west of Shiroka Laka, 1100 m, hand collection under the bark of logs of Pinus nigra Arn., 16.V.2002, D. Ovcharov & D. Doychev leg. H. Dendroctonus micans (Kugelann, 1794) PFEFFER (1994). E. Dryocoetes autographus (Ratzeburg, 1837). YOAKIMOV (1904) (sub Bostrychus a.): Alabak Ridge, on Picea abies Karst. CHORBADJIEV (1924): on Picea abies Karst., Abies alba Mill., Pinus spp. CHORBADJIEV (1927): repeated old data. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929): repeated old data. H. Dryocoetes hectographus Reitter, 1913 CHORBADJIEV (1927): Chehlyovo, Beglika Places, on Picea abies Karst. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929): repeated old data. E.
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**Ernoporicus caucasicus (Lindemann, 1876) New Data: 3 ex., Lukovitsa River, 6 km south of Asenovgrad, 250 m, hand collection under the bark of a dry branch of Tilia tomentosa Moench, 24.IV.2005, D. Doychev leg.; 7 ex., the same place, reared from a broken branch of Tilia tomentosa Moench, 24.IV. – 07.IX.2005, D. Doychev leg. M. Ernoporicus fagi (Fabricius, 1798) CHORBADJIEV (1924) (sub Ernoporus f.): on Picea abies Karst. CHORBADJIEV (1927) (sub Ernoporus f.): Byala Cherkva, on Fagus silvatica L. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929) (sub Ernoporus f.): repeated old data. New Data: 1 ex., near Byala Cherkva Mountain Resort, 1500 m, in a pheromone trap for Ips typographus L., 27.V. – 17.VI.2004, D. Doychev leg.; 1 ex., the same place, reared from a dry branch of Fagus silvatica L., 23.IV. – 18.V.2005, D. Doychev leg. E. Hylastes angustatus (Herbst, 1793) CHORBADJIEV (1924): on Pinus spp. CHORBADJIEV (1927): on Pinus sylvestris L. E. Hylastes ater (Paykull, 1800) CHORBADJIEV (1924): on Pinus spp., Picea abies Karst. CHORBADJIEV (1927): on Picea abies Karst., Pinus sylvestris L. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929): Chehlyovo, Beglika, Semiza Places, Syutkya Peak, on Picea abies Karst., Pinus sylvestris L., P. nigra Arn. New Data: 1 ex., 5 km west of Shiroka Laka, 1100 m, hand collection under the bark of logs of Pinus nigra Arn., 16.V.2002, D. Ovcharov & D. Doychev leg.; 5 ex., near Byala Cherkva Mountain Resort, 1500 m, hand collection under the bark of logs of Pinus sylvestris L., 16.V.2003, D. Ovcharov & D. Doychev leg.; 44 ex., the same place, in pheromone traps for Ips typographus L., 14.V. – 16.VII.2004, D. Doychev leg. E. Hylastes attenuatus Erichson, 1836 DOYCHEV & KUHTEV (2003): Shiroka Laka: on Pinus nigra Arn. New Data: 1 ex., near Byala Cherkva Mountain Resort, 1500 m, hand collection under the bark of logs of Pinus sylvestris L., 16.V.2003, D. Ovcharov & D. Doychev leg.; 16 ex., the same place, in pheromone traps for Ips typographus L., 14.V. – 04.VII.2004, D. Doychev leg.; 2 ex., 3 km south of Byala Cherkva Mountain Resort, 1500 m, in pheromone traps for Ips acuminatus Gyll., 04.VII. – 16.VII.2004, D. Doychev leg. E. Hylastes cunicularius Erichson, 1836 CHORBADJIEV (1924): on Pinus spp. CHORBADJIEV (1927): Semiza Place, Malka Syutkya Peak, on Picea abies Karst. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929): repeated old data. E. Hylastes opacus Erichson, 1836 CHORBADJIEV (1927): on Pinus sylvestris L., P. nigra Arn. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929): repeated old data. E.
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*Hylesinus toranio (Danthoine, 1788) New Data: 310 ex., Lukovitsa River, 6 km south of Asenovgrad, 250 m, reared from dry branches of Fraxinus ornus L., 24.IV. – 28.VI.2005, D. Doychev leg. M. Hylurgops palliatus (Gyllenhal, 1813) CHORBADJIEV (1924): Pinus spp., Abies alba Mill. CHORBADJIEV (1927): on Picea abies Karst., Abies alba Mill., Pinus sylvestris L., P. nigra Arn. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929): repeated old data. ZASHEV (1952): on Pinus sylvestris L. TSANKOV et al. (1997): “Beslet” State Forestry, on Pinus sylvestris L. New Data: 2 ex., 5 km west of Shiroka Laka, 1100 m, hand collection under the bark of logs of Pinus nigra Arn., 16.V.2002, D. Ovcharov & D. Doychev leg.; 17 ex., near Byala Cherkva Mountain Resort, 1500 m, hand collection under the bark of logs of Pinus sylvestris L., 16.V.2003, D. Ovcharov & D. Doychev leg.; 2 ex., Sokolovtsi Vill., 8 km north-east of Smolyan, 1000 m, hand collection under the bark of logs of coniferous trees, 16.VII.2005, E. Chehlarov & B. Guéorguiev leg. P. Hypoborus ficus Erichson, 1836 CHORBADJIEV (1927): Asenovgrad, Dolni Voden, on Ficus carica L. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929): repeated old data. New Data: 9 ex., Bachkovo Vill., 320 m, hand collection under the bark of dry twigs of Ficus carica L., 21.IV.2002, D. Doychev leg. M. Ips acuminatus (Gyllenhal, 1827) CHORBADJIEV (1924): on Pinus spp. CHORBADJIEV (1927): Yundola, Chehlyovo, Beglika, Byala Cherkva Places, on Pinus sylvestris L. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929): Yundola, Chehlyovo, Beglika, Byala Cherkva Places, on Pinus sylvestris L., P. nigra Arn. RUSKOV (1928): Baliolu River, on Pinus sylvestris L. STEFANOV (1932): Karlashka River, on Pinus sylvestris L. DIMITROFF (1935): repeated old data. STEFANOV (1946): Beslet State Forestry, on Pinus sylvestris L. STEFANOV (1948, 1948 a): near Dospat and Peshtera, on Pinus sylvestris L. ZASHEV (1949/50): South-Western Rhodopes, on Pinus sylvestris L. ZASHEV (1952): repeated old data. TSANKOV (1961): Tuzlata, Medeni Polyani Places, on Pinus sylvestris L. ZANKOV (1961): near Selishte, on Pinus sylvestris L. TSANKOV et al. (1997): Selishte, Borino, Devin, on Pinus sylvestris L. New Data: 8 ex., near Shiroka Laka, 1400 m, hand collection under the bark of a stem of dry Pinus sylvestris L., 02.XI.2001, D. Doychev leg.; 1 ex., near Byala Cherkva Mountain Resort, 1500 m, hand collection under the bark of a burnt stem of Pinus sylvestris L., 09.XI.2001, D. Doychev leg.; 47 ex., the same place, hand collection under the bark of branches of dry Pinus sylvestris L., 16.V.2003, D. Doychev leg.; 6 ex. (1 †, 5 ‡‡), the same place, in pheromone traps for Ips typographus L., 14.V. – 16.VII.2004, D. Doychev leg. P. Ips amitinus (Eichhoff, 1871) CHORBADJIEV (1927): on Pinus sylvestris L. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929): Beglika Place, 1500 m, on Pinus sylvestris L., P. nigra Arn. TSANKOV et al. (1997): Borino, on Pinus sylvestris L. E.
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**Ips mannsfeldi (Wachtl, 1879) New Data: 57 ex., (14 ††,43 ‡‡), 3 km south of Byala Cherkva Mountain Resort, 1500 m, hand collection under the bark of a stem of Pinus nigra Arn. (cut down in July, 2004), 30.VIII.2004, D. Ovcharov & D. Doychev leg.; 45 ex., (21 ††,24 ‡‡), the same place, reared from branches of Pinus nigra Arn., 30.VIII.2004 – 17.IX.2005, D. Doychev leg. M. Ips sexdentatus (Börner, 1776) CHORBADJIEV (1924): on Pinus spp. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929): on Pinus sylvestris L. P. nigra Arn., Picea abies Karst. RUSKOV (1928): Rakitovo, on Pinus spp. RUSKOV (1928 à): Dospat, Rakitovo, on Pinus sylvestris L. DIMITROFF (1935): Yundola, Baliolu Place, on Pinus sylvestris L. STEFANOV (1948, 1948 a): on Pinus sylvestris L. New Data: 2 ex., near Shiroka Laka, 1400 m, hand collection under the bark of a stem of dry Pinus nigra Arn., 02.XI.2001, D. Doychev leg.; 9 ex., near Byala Cherkva Mountain Resort, 1500 m, hand collection under the bark of a burnt stem of Pinus sylvestris L., 09.XI.2001, D. Doychev leg.; 3 ex., the same place, hand collection under the bark of logs of Pinus sylvestris L., 16.V.2003, D. Ovcharov & D. Doychev leg.; 2 ex., the same place, in pheromone traps for Ips typographus L., 14.V. – 29.VIII.2004, D. Doychev leg.; 2 ex., 3 km south of Byala Cherkva Mountain Resort, 1500 m, in pheromone traps for Ips acuminatus Gyll., 27.V.2004, D. Doychev leg.; 5 ex., Sokolovtsi Vill., 8 km north-east of Smolyan, 1000 m, hand collection under the bark of logs of coniferous trees, 16.VII.2005, E. Chehlarov & B. Guéorguiev leg. P. Ips typographus (Linnaeus, 1758) YOAKIMOV (1904) (sub Bostrychus t.): Alabak Ridge, on Picea abies Karst. CHORBADJIEV (1924): on Pinus spp., Picea abies Karst., Abies alba Mill. CHORBADJIEV (1927): on Picea abies Karst., Pinus sylvestris L. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929): repeated old data. DIMITROFF (1935): near Velingrad, Yundola, on Picea abies Karst. TSANKOV & TOMOVSKY (1985): near Shiroka Laka, over 20 000 ex. in pheromone traps. New Data: 6 ex., Shiroka Laka, 1300 m, hand collection under the bark of logs of Picea abies Karst.., 01.XI.2001, D. Doychev leg.; 154 ex., near Byala Cherkva Mountain Resort, 1500 m, in pheromone traps for Ips typographus L., 14.V. – 29.VIII.2004, D. Doychev leg.; 4 ex., the same place, hand collection under the bark of logs of Pinus sylvestris L., 16.V.2003, D. Ovcharov & D. Doychev leg.; 11 ex., Sokolovtsi Vill., 8 km north-east of Smolyan, 1000 m, hand collection under the bark of logs of coniferous trees, 16.VII.2005, E. Chehlarov & B. Guéorguiev leg. E. Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston, 1857) CHORBADJIEV (1927): Yundola, Chehlyovo, Beglika, Malka Syutka Peak, on Pinus sylvestris L., P. nigra Arn. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929): repeated old data. RUSKOV (1928) (sub Ips e.): Rakitovo, on Pinus sylvestris L. STEFANOV (1932) (sub Ips e.): Karlashka River, on Pinus sylvestris L. New Data: 3 ex., above Chervenata Stena Reserve, 1450 m, hand collection under the bark of a dry stem of Pinus nigra Arn., 19.X.2001, D. Doychev leg.; 4 ex., near Martsiganitsa Hut, 1400 m, hand collection under the bark of a dry stem of Pinus sylvestris L., 19.X.2001, D. Doychev leg. M.
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Orthotomicus laricis (Fabricius, 1792) CHORBADJIEV (1927): on Pinus sylvestris L., P. nigra Arn. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929): repeated old data. New Data: 9 ex., near Byala Cherkva Mountain Resort, 1500 m, hand collection under the bark of a burnt stem of Pinus sylvestris L., 09.XI.2001, D. Doychev leg.; 36 ex., the same place, hand collection under the bark of a stump of Picea abies Karst., 29.VIII.2004, D. Doychev & D. Ovcharov leg.; 1 ex., the same place, 1500 m, hand collection under the bark of a stump of Pinus sylvestris L., 29.VIII.2004, D. Doychev & D. Ovcharov leg.; 2 ex., the same place, hand collection under the bark of logs of Pinus sylvestris L., 16.V.2003, D. Ovcharov & D. Doychev leg.; 10 ex., Sokolovtsi Vill., 8 km north-east of Smolyan, 1000 m, hand collection under the bark of logs of coniferous trees, 16.VII.2005, E. Chehlarov & B. Guéorguiev leg. P. Orthotomicus longicollis (Gyllenhal, 1827) CHORBADJIEV (1927): on Pinus sylvestris L. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929): Beglika, 1 ‡ on Pinus sylvestris L. New Data: 2 ex. (1 †, 1 ‡), near Martsiganitsa Hut, 1400 m, in pheromone traps for Ips sexdentatus Börn., 09.V. – 14.VI.2002, D. Kuhtev leg. P. Orthotomicus proximus (Eichhoff, 1867) CHORBADJIEV (1924) (sub Ips p.): on Picea abies Karst. CHORBADJIEV (1927): Chehlyovo, Beglika, Alan Dere, on Pinus sylvestris L. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929): Beglika, Yundula, on Pinus sylvestris L. New Data: 3 ex., (1 †, 2 ‡‡), near Shiroka Laka, 1400 m, hand collection under the bark of a stem of dry Pinus sylvestris L., 02.XI.2001, D. Doychev leg.; 13 ex. (3 ††, 10 ‡‡), near Byala Cherkva Mountain Resort, 1500 m, hand collection under the bark of logs of Pinus sylvestris L., 16.V.2003, D. Ovcharov & D. Doychev leg. P. Orthotomicus robustus (Knotek, 1899) CHORBADJIEV (1927): on Pinus sylvestris L. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929): Yundola, Chehlyovo, Beglika, Malka Syutka Peak, on Pinus sylvestris L. New Data: 1 ex., Bachkovo Monastery, 370 m, IV.1956, A. Pfeffer leg. et det. (coll. UFS). E. Orthotomicus suturalis (Gyllenhal, 1827) CHORBADJIEV (1927): Chehlyovo, Beglika, on Pinus sylvestris L. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929): Chehlyovo, Beglika, 2 ††, 1 ‡ on Pinus sylvestris L. RUSKOV (1928a) (sub Ips s.): Baliolu River, on Pinus sylvestris L. DIMITROFF (1935) (sub Ips s.): repeated old data. New Data: 15 ex., near Byala Cherkva Mountain Resort, 1500 m, hand collection under the bark of a burnt stem of Pinus sylvestris L., 09.XI.2001, D. Doychev leg.; 2 ex., the same place, hand collection under the bark of logs of Pinus sylvestris L., 16.V.2003, D. Ovcharov & D. Doychev leg.; 3 ex., Sokolovtsi Vill., 8 km north-east of Smolyan, 1000 m, hand collection under the bark of logs of coniferous trees, 16.VII.2005, E. Chehlarov & B. Guéorguiev leg. P.
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D. DOYCHEV, D. OVCHAROV Phloeotribus hercegovinensis Seitner, 1920 PFEFFER (1972) (sub Phloeophthorus h.): on Cytisus veldeni Vis. M.
*Phloeotribus muricatus (Eggers 1929) New Data: 8 ex., near the inflow of Lukovitsa River into Chepelarska River, 6 km south of Asenovgrad, 250 m, hand collection under the bark of dry twigs of Fraxinus ornus L., 22.IV.2005, D. Doychev leg.; 9 ex., Chervenata Stena Reserve, near Bachkovo, 320 m, hand collection under the bark of a dry branch of Fraxinus ornus L., 22.IV.2005, D. Doychev leg. E. Pityogenes bidentatus (Herbst, 1784) CHORBADJIEV (1924): on Pinus spp. CHORBADJIEV (1927): on Pinus sylvestris L., P. nigra Arn., Picea abies Karst., Abies alba Mill. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929): repeated old data. DIMITROFF (1935): Yundola, on Pinus sylvestris L. STEFANOV (1946): “Beslet” State Forestry, on Pinus sylvestris L. STEFANOV (1948, 1948 a) (sub P. bidens L.): near Dospat, on Pinus sylvestris L. New Data: 6 ex., (5 ††, 1 ‡), near Shiroka Laka, 1400 m, hand collection under the bark of branches of dry Pinus sylvestris L., 02.XI.2001, D. Doychev leg.; 28 ex. (16 ††, 12 ‡‡), Byala Cherkva Mountain Resort, 1500 m, reared from dry branches of Pinus sylvestris L., 16.V. – 02.IX.2003, D. Doychev leg.; 32 ex. (17 ††, 15 ‡‡), the same place, reared from dry branches of Pinus sylvestris L., 29.VIII. – 04.XI.2004, D. Doychev leg.; 11 ex. (5 ††, 6 ‡‡), near the same place, 1500 m, in pheromone traps for Ips typographus L., 14.V – 04.VII.2004, D. Doychev leg.; 3 ex. (1 †, 2 ‡‡), 5 km south-east of Yundola, 1150 m, hand collection under the bark of branches of dry Pinus sylvestris L., 19.X.2005, D. Doychev leg. P. Pityogenes bistridentatus (Eichhoff, 1878) CHORBADJIEV (1927): Dolni Voden, Byala Cherkva, on Pinus sylvestris L., P. nigra Arn. CHORBADJIEV (1927): (sub P. pilidens Reitt.): on Pinus sylvestris L., P. nigra Arn. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929): repeated old data. RUSKOV (1928): Baliolu River, on Pinus sylvestris L. New Data: 1 ex. (‡), above Chervenata Stena Reserve, 1400 m, hand collection under the bark of a stem of dry Pinus nigra Arn., 19.X.2001, D. Doychev leg.; 2 ex. (1 †, 1 ‡), 3 km south of Bachkovo, 650 m, reared from the branches and apical part of a stem of dry Pinus sylvestris L., 21.IV. – 26.IX.2002, D. Doychev leg.; 4 ex. (‡‡), 3 km south of Byala Cherkva Mountain Resort, 1500 m, hand collection under the bark of a stem of dry Pinus nigra Arn., 23.IV.2005, D. Doychev leg. 131 ex. (38 ††, 93 ‡‡), Chervenata Stena Reserve, near Bachkovo, 320 m, reared from branches of dry Pinus nigra Arn., 22.IV. – 30.VIII.2005, D. Doychev leg. M. Pityogenes chalcographus (Linnaeus, 1761) CHORBADJIEV (1924): on Picea abies Karst., Abies alba Mill., Pinus spp. CHORBADJIEV (1927): on Pinus sylvestris L., Picea abies Karst., Abies alba Mill. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929): on Pinus sylvestris L., P. nigra Arn., Picea abies Karst., Abies alba Mill. New Data: 57 ex. (27 ††, 30 ‡‡), Byala Cherkva Mountain Resort, 1500 m, reared from branches of windfall Pinus sylvestris L., 29.VIII. – 02.XI.2004, D. Doychev
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leg.; 1 ex. (†), near the same place, in pheromone trap for Ips typographus L., 27.V – 17.VI.2004, D. Doychev leg.; 1 ex. (‡), near Shiroka Laka, 1400 m, hand collection under the bark of a stem of dry Pinus sylvestris L., 02.XI.2001, D. Doychev leg. E. Pityogenes quadridens (Hartig, 1834) CHORBADJIEV (1924): on Pinus spp., Picea abies Karst. CHORBADJIEV (1927): repeated old data. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929): repeated old data. ZASHEV (1949/50): South-Western Rhodopes, on Pinus sylvestris L. ZASHEV (1952): repeated old data. TSANKOV et al. (1997): Selishte, Borino, on Pinus sylvestris L. New Data: 5 ex. (4 ††, 1 ‡), Byala Cherkva Mountain Resort, 1500 m, reared from branches of windfall Pinus sylvestris L., 29.VIII. – 24.IX.2004, D. Doychev leg. E. Pityogenes trepanatus (Nördlinger, 1848) DOYCHEV & KUHTEV (2003): Martsiganitsa Hut, 1400 m, on Pinus nigra Arn. New Data: 43 ex. (18 ††, 25 ‡‡), 3 km south of Byala Cherkva Mountain Resort, 1500 m, reared from branches of Pinus nigra Arn. (cut down in July, 2004), 23.IV. – 20.VII.2005, D. Doychev leg.; 4 ex. (‡‡), the same place, in pheromone trap for Ips acuminatus Gyll., 04.VII – 29.VIII.2004, D. Doychev leg. E. Pityokteines curvidens (Germar, 1824) CHORBADJIEV (1924) (sub Ips C.!): on Picea abies Karst., Abies alba Mill., Pinus spp. CHORBADJIEV (1927): on Picea abies Karst., Abies alba Mill., Pinus sylvestris L. RUSSKOFF (1927) (sub Ips C.): Rakitovo, on Abies alba Mill. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929): repeated old data. DIMITROFF (1935) (sub Ips C.): Rakitovo, Chehlyovo, on Abies alba Mill. P. Pityokteines vorontzowi (Jakobson, 1895) CHORBADJIEV (1927) (sub P. vorontzovi ! Jakobs.): Yundola, on Pinus sylvestris L. RUSSKOFF (1927) (sub Ips Vorontzovi): Rakitovo, on Abies alba Mill. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929): Yundola, 4 ex. on Pinus sylvestris L. DIMITROFF (1935) (sub Ips V !.): Rakitovo, Chehlyovo, on Abies alba Mill. E. *Pityophthorus glabratus Eichhoff, 1878 New Data: 2 ex. (‡‡), 3 km south of Byala Cherkva Mountain Resort, 1500 m, reared from branches of Pinus nigra Arn. (cut down in July, 2004), 23.IV. – 03.VI.2005, D. Doychev leg.; 15 ex., near Martsiganitsa Hut, 1400 m, reared from twigs of dry Pinus nigra Arn., 20.IV. – 26.IX.2002, D. Doychev leg. E. Pityophthorus lichtensteinii (Ratzeburg, 1837). CHORBADJIEV (1924): on Pinus spp. New Data: 2 ex., Byala Cherkva Mountain Resort, 1500 m, hand collection under the bark of dry branches of Pinus sylvestris L., 16.V.2003, D. Doychev leg.; 4 ex., (††), the same place, reared from twigs of Pinus nigra Arn. (cut down in July, 2004), 23.IV. – 03.VI.2005, D. Doychev leg. E.
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Pityophthorus pityographus pityographus (Ratzeburg, 1837) CHORBADJIEV (1924) (sub P. micrographus L.): on Pinus sylvestris L., Picea abies Karst. CHORBADJIEV (1927) (sub P. pityographus Ratz.): on Picea abies Karst., Abies alba Mill. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929) (sub P. pityographus Ratz.): near Hvoyna, on Picea abies Karst., Abies alba Mill., Pinus sylvestris L., P. nigra Arn. New Data: 6 ex. (‡‡), 3 km south of Byala Cherkva Mountain Resort, 1500 m, reared from branches of Pinus nigra Arn. (cut down in July, 2004), 23.IV. – 07.VI.2005, D. Doychev leg.; 34 ex. (12 ††, 22 ‡‡), Byala Cherkva Mountain Resort, 1500 m, reared from branches of windfall Pinus sylvestris L., 29.VIII. – 02.XI.2004, D. Doychev leg. E. Scolytus amygdali Guerin, 1847 CHORBADJIEV (1927) (sub Eccoptogaster a.): Asenovgrad, on Prunus domestica L., Armeniaca vulgaris Lam., Persica vulgaris Mill. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929) (sub Eccoptogaster a.): Asenovgrad, on Armeniaca vulgaris Lam., Prunus domestica L., Persica vulgaris Mill., Cerasus avium Moench., C. vulgaris Mill. CHORBADJIEV (1930): repeated old data. M. Scolytus mali (Bechstein, 1805) TSCHORBADJIEV (1929) (sub Eccoptogaster m.): Asenovgrad, on Malus domestica Borkh., Cerasus avium Moench., Prunus domestica L., Armeniaca vulgaris Lam., Persica vulgaris Mill. CHORBADJIEV (1930): Asenovgrad, on Armeniaca vulgaris Lam., Prunus domestica L., Persica vulgaris Mill., Cerasus avium Moench., C. vulgaris Mill., Malus domestica Borkh. P. Scolytus rugulosus (Muller, 1818) TSCHORBADJIEV (1929) (sub Eccoptogaster r.): Peshtera, Asenovgrad, on Prunus domestica L., P. spinosa L., P. insititia L., Armeniaca vulgaris Lam., Persica vulgaris Mill., Amygdalis communis L., Cerasus avium Moench., C. vulgaris Mill., Malus domestica Borkh., Cydonia oblonga Mill. CHORBADJIEV (1930): repeated old data. H. *Taphrorychus villifrons (Dufour, 1843) New Data: 271 ex. (115 ††, 156 ‡‡), Byala Cherkva Mountain Resort, 1500 m, reared from cut branches of Fagus silvatica L., 23.IV. – 26.IX.2005, D. Doychev leg.; 3 ex. (1 †, 2 ‡‡), 5 km south-east of Yundola, 1150 m, hand collection under the bark of a dry branch of Fagus silvatica L., 19.X.2005, D. Doychev leg. M. Tomicus minor (Hartig, 1834) CHORBADJIEV (1924) (sub Myelophilus m.): on Pinus spp. CHORBADJIEV (1927) (sub Blastophagus m.): on Pinus sylvestris L., P. nigra Arn. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929) (sub Blastophagus m.): repeated old data. STEFANOV (1932) (sub Myelophilus m.): Karlashka River, on Pinus sylvestris L. DIMITROFF (1935) (sub Blastophagus m.). STEFANOV (1946) (sub Myelophilus m.): “Beslet” State Forestry, on Pinus sylvestris L. STEFANOV (1948 a) (sub Blastophagus m.): Katrandji Dere River, on Pinus sylvestris L. STEFANOV (1957) (sub Blastophagus m.): Snezhanka Place, Dospatska Reka River. New Data: 1 ex., 3 km south of Byala Cherkva Mountain Resort, 1500 m, hand collection from a twig of Pinus nigra Arn., 16.VII.2004, D. Doychev leg. P.
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Tomicus piniperda (Linnaeus, 1758) CHORBADJIEV (1924) (sub Blastophagus p. var. rubripennis Reitt.): on Pinus spp. CHORBADJIEV (1927) (sub Blastophagus p. var. rubripennis Reitt.): Velingrad, Chehlyovo, Beglika, Byala Cherkva, on Pinus sylvestris L., P. nigra Arn. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929) (sub Blastophagus p. L.): repeated old data. RUSKOV (1928) (sub Myelophilus p.): Baliolu River, Dospat, on Pinus sylvestris L. STEFANOV (1932) (sub Myelophilus p.): Karlashka Reka River, on Pinus sylvestris L. DIMITROFF (1935) (sub Blastophagus p.): repeated old data. STEFANOV (1946) (sub Myelophilus p.): “Beslet” State Forestry, on Pinus sylvestris L. STEFANOV (1948, 1948 a) (sub Blastophagus p.): Shiroka polyana, Selishte, on Pinus sylvestris L. STEFANOV (1950): repeated old data. STEFANOV (1957) (sub Blastophagus p.): repeated old data. ZASHEV (1949/50) (sub Blastophagus p.): South-Western Rhodopes; on Pinus sylvestris L. ZASHEV (1952): repeated old data. TSANKOV et al. (1997): Pobit Kamak, Hamam Bunar Places, Devin, on Pinus sylvestris L. New Data: 17 ex., near Byala Cherkva Mountain Resort, 1500 m, hand collection under the bark of logs of Pinus sylvestris L., 16.V.2003, D. Ovcharov & D. Doychev leg.; 4 ex., the same place, in pheromone traps for Ips typographus L., 14.V. – 17.VI.2004, D. Doychev leg. P. Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier, 1795) CHORBADJIEV (1924) (sub Xyloterus lineatus Oliv.): on Quercus spp. CHORBADJIEV (1927) (sub Xyloterus lineatus Oliv.): Picea abies Karst. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929) (sub Xyloterus lineatus Oliv.): repeated old data. TSANKOV et al. (1997): Borino, “Beslet” State Forestry, on Pinus sylvestris L. New Data: 7 ex., near Byala Cherkva Mountain Resort, 1500 m, hand collection in the wood of a stump of Picea abies Karst., 29.VIII.2004, D. Ovcharov & D. Doychev leg.; 2 ex., the same place, in pheromone traps for Ips typographus L., 14.V. – 17.VI.2004, D. Doychev leg. H. Xyleborus dispar (Fabricius, 1792) TSCHORBADJIEV (1929) (sub Anisandrus d. Fabr.): Asenovgrad, on Malus domestica Borkh., Prunus domestica L., Armeniaca vulgaris Lam., Juglans regia L., Vitis vinifera L. New Data: 5 ex. (‡‡), Bachkovo, 320 m, hand collection, in flight, 12.V.2004, D. Doychev leg. H. *Xyleborus dryographus (Ratzeburg, 1837) New Data: 1 ex. (‡), Bachkovo, 320 m, hand collection, in flight, 12.V.2004, D. Doychev leg. P. Xyleborus monographus (Fabricius, 1792) CHORBADJIEV (1924): on Quercus spp. CHORBADJIEV (1927): on Picea abies Karst. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929): 3 ‡‡ on Quercus cerris L. New Data: 1 ex. (‡), 3 km south of Bachkovo, 650 m, in pheromone trap for Ips sexdentatus Boern., 26.VI. – 07.VII.2002, D. Kuhtev leg. P.
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Xyleborinus saxesenii (Ratzeburg, 1837) CHORBADJIEV (1924) (sub Xyleborus saxeseni): on Fagus silvatica L. CHORBADJIEV (1927) (sub X. saxeseni): Asenovgrad, on Malus domestica Borkh., Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. TSCHORBADJIEV (1929) (sub Xyleborunus saxeseni ! Ratz.): Asenovgrad, on Vitis vinifera L. New Data: 1 ex. (‡), Bachkovo, 320 m, hand collection, in flight, VII.2001, D. Kuhtev leg.; 1 ex. (‡), 3 km south of Bachkovo, 650 m, in a pheromone trap for Ips sexdentatus Börn., 26.VI. – 07.VII.2002, D. Kuhtev leg. H. Xylocleptes bispinus (Duftschmid, 1825) CHORBADJIEV (1924). New Data: 2 ex. (1†, 1‡), Bachkovo, 320 m, hand collection, in flight, 11.IV.2005, D. Kuhtev leg. P. II. Bark beetles from the Eastern Rhodopes *Carphoborus minimus (Fabricius, 1798) New Data: 3 ex., Ronkite Place, 20 km south of Ivaylovgrad, 200 m, hand collection from dry twigs of Pinus brutia Ten., 18.IV.2003, D. Doychev leg. P. *Crypturgus cylindricollis Eggers, 1940 New Data: 9 ex., 3 km north of Mandritsa Vill., 150 m, hand collection under the bark of a stem of dry Pinus nigra Arn., 19.IV.2003, D. Doychev leg.; 11 ex., the same place, hand collection in galleries of Orthotomicus erosus Woll. under the bark of a stem of dry Pinus nigra Arn., 12.VI.2005, D. Doychev leg.; 8 ex., near Ivaylovgrad, 200 m, hand collection under the bark of a broken stem of Pinus nigra Arn., 13.VI.2005, D. Doychev leg. M. *Hylesinus toranio (Danthoine, 1788) New Data:7 ex., 3 km north of Mandritsa Vill., 150 m, hand collection under the bark of a dry stem of Fraxinus ornus L., 12.VI.2005, D. Doychev leg. M. *Hypoborus ficus Erichson, 1836 New Data: 16 ex., Haskovo, 300 m, hand collection under the bark of a dry twig of Ficus carica L., 20.X.2005, D. Doychev & D. Ovcharov leg. M. *Ips sexdentatus (Börner, 1776) New Data: 1 ex., 3 km north of Mandritsa Vill., 150 m, hand collection under the bark of a stem of dry Pinus nigra Arn., 12.VI.2005, D. Doychev leg. P. *Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston, 1857) New Data: 5 ex. (3 ††, 2 ‡‡), Ronkite Place, 20 km south of Ivaylovgrad, 200 m, hand collection under the bark of a burnt stem of Pinus brutia Ten., 18.IV.2003, D. Doychev leg.; 36 ex. (15 ††, 21 ‡‡), 5 km north of Mandritsa Vill., 150 m, hand collection under the bark of burnt stems of Pinus nigra Arn., 18.IV.2003, D. Doychev
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leg.; 1 ex. (1 ‡), 3 km north of Mandritsa Vill., 150 m, hand collection under the bark of a stem of dry Pinus nigra Arn., 19.IV.2003, D. Doychev leg.; 5 ex. (5 ‡‡), the same place, hand collection under the bark of dry stems of Pinus nigra Arn., 12.VI.2005, D. Doychev leg.; 14 ex. (3 ††, 11 ‡‡), above Malko Gradishte Vill., 250 m, hand collection under the bark of stems and branches of Pinus sylvestris L., 11.VI.2005, D. Doychev leg.; 4 ex. (3 ††, 1 ‡), near Ivaylovgrad, 200 m, hand collection under the bark of a broken stem of Pinus nigra Arn., 13.VI.2005, D. Doychev leg. M. *Phloeosinus aubei (Perris, 1855) New Data: 4 ex. (4 ‡‡), 3 km north of Ivaylovgrad, 200 m, hand collection under the bark of a dry branch of Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.), 11.VI.2005, D. Doychev leg. M. *Phloeosinus thujae thujae (Perris, 1855) New Data: 8 ex. (2 ††, 6 ‡‡), near Dolno Lukovo Vill., 150 m, hand collection from dry twigs of Juniperus oxycedrus L., 11.VI.2005, D. Doychev leg. P. *Pityogenes bistridentatus (Eichhoff, 1878) New Data: 10 ex. (3 ††, 7 ‡‡), 3 km north of Mandritsa Vill., 150 m, hand collection under the bark of branches of burnt Pinus nigra Arn., 18.IV.2003, D. Doychev leg.; 74 ex. (26 ††, 48 ‡‡), 2 km south-east of Svirachi Vill., 180 m, reared from a dry stem of Pinus nigra Arn., 12.VI. – 17.IX.2005, D. Doychev leg.; 11 ex. (2 ††, 9 ‡‡), above Malko Gradishte Vill., 250 m, hand collection under the bark of a stem of cut Pinus sylvestris L., 11.VI.2005, D. Doychev leg. M. Scolytus mali (Bechstein, 1805) TSCHORBADJIEV (1929) (sub Eccoptogaster m.): Haskovo, on Malus domestica Borkh., Cerasus avium Moench., Prunus domestica L., Armeniaca vulgaris Lam., Persica vulgaris Mill. P. Scolytus rugulosus (Muller, 1818) TSCHORBADJIEV (1929) (sub Eccoptogaster r.): Haskovo, on various fruit-trees. New Data: 2 ex. (‡‡), 3 km north-west of Ivaylovgrad, 220 m, hand collection from dry twigs of Prunus domestica L., 11.VI.2005, D. Doychev leg. H. According to ALONSO - ZARAZAGA (2004) Ips mannsfeldi (Wachtl, 1879) it occurs in Bulgaria, but no data on the species habitats or literature sources is indicated. In fact, CHORBADJIEV (1924) reported this species for the Rhodopes. However, in his next study on bark beetles in Bulgaria (CHORBADJIEV, 1927) the author remarked that I. mannsfeldi had to be excluded from the list of Bulgarian scolytids because of wrong identification. For this reason we regard Ips mannsfeldi as a new species for Bulgaria. The other new species for the Bulgarian fauna is Ernoporicus caucasicus (Lindemann, 1876), which is found in Europe, Caucasus and Asia Minor. Due to the economic importance of these beetles, the trophic links between them and the host plants are of interest.
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One (1,7 %) species, Xylocleptes bispinus, develops on the climber Clematis vitalba L. (Ranunculaceae). Trees and shrubs are the host plants for the rest of the bark beetles. Forty-three species (74,1 %) develop on conifers, 12 (20,7 %) on broad-leaved and 2 species (3,5 %) are polyphags - Xyleborus dispar and Xyleborinus saxesenii both grow on various broad-leaved and coniferous trees and shrubs. Some host plants indicated in previous studies seem questionable. Such are: Picea abies for Ernoporicus fagi, Quercus for Trypodendron lineatum according to CHORBADJIEV (1924), Picea abies for Xyleborus monographus according to CHORBADJIEV (1927) and Cytisus veldeni for Phloeotribus hercegovinensis according to PFEFFER (1972). Since they are not confirmed, they must be excluded as host plants for the respective bark beetles. Juniperus oxycedrus L. (Cupressaceae) and Pinus brutia Ten. (Pinaceae) are new host plants for Phloeosinus thujae thujae and Carphoborus minimus, respectively. The latter is very interesting because it was found in the unique natural habitat of Pinus brutia in Bulgaria (TASHEV, 2003). A total number of 58 species and subspecies belonging to 24 genera of bark beetles occur in the Bulgarian Rhodopes; which are 51,3 % of all known bark beetles in Bulgaria. Two species, Ernoporicus caucasicus and Ips mannsfeldi, are new for the Bulgarian fauna and another 9 are new for the Rhodopes. Six species (10,3 %) have Holarctic and 20 (34,5 %) have wide Palearctic distribution. Twenty one species (36,2 %) are Euro- and Eurosiberian and 11 species (19,0 %) are Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean.. Twenty-three genera and 55 species and subspecies occur in the Western Rhodopes; these are 48,7 % of Scolytinae in Bulgaria, or 94,8 % of the bark beetles in the Rhodopes. Six species are reported for the first time in this region. The newly reported bark beetles for the Bulgarian fauna are also included in this number. In the Western Rhodopes 6 species (10,9 %) are Holarctic and 19 (34,5 %) are Palearctic, the Euro- and Eurosiberian are 21 taxa (38,2 %) and 9 (16,4 %) are Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean. Nine genera and 11 species and subspecies occur in the Eastern Rhodopes; these are 9,7 % of Bulgarian Scolytinae, or 19,0 % of Scolytinae in the Rhodopes. Nine taxa of them are new for the region. The Holarctic taxa include only one species (9,1 %) and the Palearctic - 4 species and subspecies (36,4 %), the Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean species are 6 (54,5 %) , whereas the Euro- and Eurosiberian are absent. It is interesting that the Holarctic and Palearctic elements have an almost equal share both in the Western and the Eastern Rhodopes. In the Eastern Rhodopes the species with Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean origin are dominant. Considering the specific climate conditions, this meets expectations; but the insufficient knowledge about the Eastern Rhodopes is an obstacle for more detailed conclusions. There are no Bulgarian or Balkan endemics of the bark beetles, occurring in the Rhodopes, but some species with more restrictive distribution in Bulgaria can be defined as “rare”. Such are eight Scolytinae, arranged in 3 groups: 1. Species known in only one habitat in the Rhodopes: Ernoporicus caucasicus, Ips mannsfeldi, Phloeotribus hercegovinensis;
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2. Species known in the Rhodopes only, but in more than one habitat: Crypturgus cylindricollis, Orthotomicus suturalis, Orthotomicus longicollis; 3. Species, which occur both in the Rhodopes and in only one other habitat: Dendroctonus micans, Orthotomicus robustus. With the exception of C. cylindricollis, these species occur in the Western Rhodopes. D. micans was found in the Vitosha Mountain by BIOLSCHEFF (1934) and PFEFFER (1936). According to Pfeffer (1994), the Rhodopes are the southern border of its area. The same author reported O. robustus for the Pirin Mountain. Taking into account both the species composition of the bark beetles in Bulgaria and neighbouring countries and the distribution of their host plants, it can be concluded that about 52 % of the bark beetles in the Rhodopes are known at present. However, this applies only to the Western Rhodopes (51 %). The knowledge about the Eastern part is quite less – about 21 %.
Acknowledgements We are very grateful to Dr. Borislav Guéorguiev, Mr. Evgeni Chehlarov (NMNHS) and Mr. Doychin Kuhtev (Asenovgrad State Forestry) for providing us with part of the biological material. We would also like to thank Dr. Marius Dimitrov and Ms. Latinka Topalova, a post-graduate student (University of Forestry, Sofia) for the information on some host plants. Sincere thanks go to Ms. Bilyana Ovcharova (University of Forestry) for proofreading the paper.
References ALONSO - ZARAZAGA M. A. 2004. Fauna Europaea: Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae. - Fauna Europaea version 1.1, http://www.faunaeur.org BIOLSCHEFF A. 1934. Ein neuer Insektenschädling in unseren Wäldern. Dendroctonus micans Kug. – Lesovadska misal, 1: 4 – 13 (In Bulgarian, German summary). CHORBADJIEV P. 1924. Notes on the Bark Beetles (Ipidae) in Bulgaria. – Mitteilungen der Bulgarischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft in Sofia, 1: 33–35 (In Bulgarian). CHORBADJIEV P. 1927. A Check-list of the Bark Beetles (Ipidae) in Bulgaria. – Mitt. Bulg. Entomol. Ges. in Sofia, 4: 135–140. (In Bulgarian). CHORBADJIEV P. 1930. Notes on Some Insect Pests on the Cultivated Plants in Bulgaria in 1928 and 1929. – Mitt. Bulg. Entomol. Ges. in Sofia, 5: 82–103 (In Bulgarian). DIMITROFF T. 1935. Contribution à l’étude des dégâts causés par des insectes et des champignons parasitaires dans les forêts bulgares. - Annuaire de l’Université de Sofia, Faculté d’Agronomie et Sylviculture. Sofia, 13(2): 220 – 252 (In Bulgarian, French summary). DOYCHEV D. & D. KUHTEV. 2003. Three New Bark Beetles (Scolytidae, Coleoptera) for the Bulgarian Fauna. – Proceedings Scientific Papers International Scientific Conference “50 Years University of Forestry”, Session “Plant Protection”, Sofia: 98–100. (In Bulgarian, English summary). PFEFFER A. 1972. Revision der Gattung Phloeophthorus Wollaston, (Coleoptera, Scolytidae). - Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca, 69(1): 23-45. PFEFFER A. 1994. Zentral- und Westpaläarktische Borken- und Kernkäfer (Coleoptera, Scolytidae, Platypodidae). - Entomologica Basiliensia, 17: 5 –310. RUSKOV M. 1928 a. [A Contribution to the Study of the Damages by Insects in the Bulgarian Forests]. Gorski pregled, 11–12: 477–490 (In Bulgarian).
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RUSKOV M. 1928b. [Bark Beetles]. – Gorski pregled, 2: 69–78 (In Bulgarian). RUSSKOFF M. 1927. Einige schädliche Forstinsekten, die in den Wäldern Bulgariens während des Jahres 1927 festgestellt wurden. – Mitt. Bulg. Entomol. Ges. in Sofia, 4: 57–64 (In Bulgarian, German summary). STEFANOV D. 1932. [Insect Attacks on the Young Scots Pine Stands in Rhodopes Mt. in this Year]. – Lesovadska misal, 1(4): 30–32 (In Bulgarian). STEFANOV D. 1946. [Insect Attacks in Large Numbers in the Bulgarian Pine Forests]. – Gorsko Stopanstvo, 2(1): 43–46 (In Bulgarian). STEFANOV D. 1948a. A Study on the Attacks of Some Insect and Fungi Pests Related to the Declines of Scots Pine Trees Selected for Resin Extraction. - Annuaire de l’Université de Sofia, Faculté de Sylviculture. Sofia, Imprimerie de l’Université, 1: 75–120 (In Bulgarian). STEFANOV D. 1948 b. The Large Abiotic and Biotic Damages in Bulgarian Forests. - Annuaire de l’Université de Sofia, Faculté de Sylviculture. Sofia, Imprimerie de l’Université, 1: 15–29 (In Bulgarian). STEFANOV D. 1950. [The Damages in Large Numbers, caused by Blastophagus piniperda L. and the Measures for their Prevention]. - Gorsko Stopanstvo, 6(6): 197–202. (In Bulgarian). STEFANOV D. 1957. [Blastophagus (Myelophilus) piniperda L. – a Dangerous Pest on the Pine Stands and Plantations]. – Priroda, 6: 59–63. (In Bulgarian). TASHEV A. 2003. Pinus brutia Ten.: a new species for Bulgarian flora. – Phytologia Balcanica, Sofia, 9(1): 41-52. TSANKOV G. 1961. A New Possibility for Control of Ips acuminatus Gyll. in Bulgaria. – Gorsko Stopanstvo, 6: 18–19 (In Bulgarian). TSANKOV G. & H. TOMOVSKY. 1985. First Attempts for a Control on Ips typographus L. with Aggregation Pheromones. – Gorsko stopanstvo i gorska promishlenost, 7: 21-23 (In Bulgarian). TSANKOV G., P. MIRCHEV, H. TOMOVSKY. 1997. A Study on Wood Eaters and Bark Beetles in Scots Pine Ecosystems in Bulgaria. – Forest Science, 3/4: 71–82 (In Bulgarian, English summary). TSCHORBADJIEV P. 1929. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Borkenkäfer Bulgariens. – Spisanie na BAN, 39: 146–189 (In Bulgarian, German summary). YOAKIMOV D. 1904. [A Contribution to the Bulgarian Insect Fauna. I. Coleoptera]. – Sbornik za narodni umotvorenia, nauka i knizhnina, 20: 1–43 (In Bulgarian). ZANKOV G. 1961. Untersuchungen uber manche biologischen und ökologischen Eigentumlichkeiten des scharfzähnigen Kiefernborkenkäfers (Ips acuminatus Gyll.) in Bulgarian und die Bekampfungsmassnahmen. – Bulletin de l’Institut Central des Forêts, 7: 75–101 (In Bulgarian, German summary). ZASHEV B. 1949/50. Studies on the Biology and Ecology of Ips acuminatus Gyll. in Bulgaria. – Godishnik na SSA “G. Dimitrov”, Lesotehnicheski fakultet, Sofia, 3: 129–141. (In Bulgarian). ZASHEV B. 1952. Measures for Control of Ips acuminatus Gyll. in the Bulgarian Conditions. – Nauchni trudove na SSA “G. Dimitrov”, Lesotehnicheski fakultet, Sofia, 1: 109–120 (In Bulgarian).
Authors’ addresses: Danail Doychev University of Forestry 10, Kliment Ohridski Blvd. 1576, Sofia, Bulgaria e-mail:
[email protected] Dr. Dinko Ovcharov University of Forestry 10, Kliment Ohridski Blvd. 1576, Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
Scolytinae
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Корояди (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) от българската част на Родопите Данаил ДОЙЧЕВ, Динко ОВЧАРОВ (Р е з ю м е) В резултат на проведени през периода 2001 – 2005 г. проучвания в Източните и Западни Родопи и преглед на съществуващата литература, са установени 58 вида и подвида от 24 рода корояди (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Те представляват 51,3 % от известните досега за България. Два вида - Ernoporicus caucasicus (Lindemann, 1876) и Ips mannsfeldi (Wachtl, 1879) са нови за фауната на България. Други 9 са нови за Родопите. Шест (10,3 %) от общо установените таксони са холарктични. С по-широко палеарктично разпространение са 20 таксона (34,5 %). Европейски и евросибирски са 21 (36,2 %), а медитеранските и субмедитерански видове са 11 (19,0 %). За района на Западните Родопи установените таксони са 55 вида и подвида от 23 рода, което е 48,7 % от короядите за страната и 94,8 % от тези за цялата планина. Тук спадат и двата новоустановени за България вида. Други 6 вида корояди се съобщават за пръв път за района. Видовете с холарктично разпространение са 6 (10,9 %), палеарктичните - 19 (34,5 %), европейски и евросибирски са 21 (38,2 %), а медитерански и субмедитерански – 9 вида (16,4 %). За Източните Родопи установените таксони са 11 вида и подвида от 9 рода, което представлява 9,7 % за страната и 19,0 % за Родопите. Девет от тези таксони са нови за района. Холарктичен е един вид (9,1 %), палеарктичните са 4 (36,4 %), а преобладаващи са медитеранските и субмедитерански елементи – 6 вида (54,5 %). Европейски и евросибрски видове липсват. Почти всички от установените корояди се развиват по различни храстови и дървесни видове и само един, Xylocleptes bispinus (Duftschmid, 1825) по лиани (Clematis vitalba L., Ranunculaceae). За 43 вида (74,1 %) хранителните растения са иглолистни, а по широколистни се развиват 12 вида (20,7 %). Два корояда (3,5 %), Xyleborus dispar (Fabricius, 1792) и Xyleborinus saxesenii (Ratzeburg, 1837) са широки полифаги – развиват се по различни широколистни и иглолистни растения. За два вида – Phloeosinus thujae thujae (Perris, 1855) и Carphoborus minimus (Fabricius, 1798) се съобщават нови хранителни растения, съответно Juniperus oxycedrus L. (Cupressaceae) и Pinus brutia Ten. (Pinaceae). Като редки могат да бъдат определени осем вида: Crypturgus cylindricollis, Dendroctonus micans, Ernoporicus caucasicus, Ips mannsfeldi, Orthotomicus longicollis, Orthotomicus suturalis, Orthotomicus robustus и Phloeotribus hercegovinensis. Отчитайки видовия състав на короядите в България и съседните страни, както и растителното разнообразие на Родопите, може да се приеме, че до момента са проучени около 52 % от короядите в Родопите. За Западните Родопи този процент е около 51, а за Източните – 21 %. Като цяло, короядите в Родопите са сравнително добре проучени, но това важи само за западната им част. Все още данните за Източните Родопи са твърде недостатъчни.
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Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
PAVEL ANGELOV, KIRIL METODIEV
Angelov P., K. Metodiev. 2006. Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P. (ed) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 383-436. Abstract. The study reportes a total of 533 weevil species. Five hundred and three of them are reported in literature and for 100 of them new data on their distribution is given. Thirty species are completely new for the Western Rhodopes or they are indicated for the first time with exact localities in the Rhodopes. A hundred sources concerning the fauna of the Western Rhodopes weevils are quoted. Endemic species are indicated and for them conservation measures are suggested to be taken. Key words: Curculionoidea, Curculionidae, weevils, Western Rhodopes, Bulgaria, new data.
Introduction The fauna of the Rhodopes – mostly their western Bulgarian part - has already been a subject of detailed study (Angelov, 1966). In other works Angelov has added many new data to the fauna of weevils of the Western Rhodopes.
Material and Methods The study is based on the whole available information from literature, which the authors have reviewed, and on new data for some species, which K. Metodiev collected and determined from the Western Rhodopes. The material is in the collection of the second author. As a whole the system used to arrange the species is the Angelov’s system in the fauna of Bulgaria (ANGELOV, 1976a, 1978a, 1979, 1980b, 1981b). Only for Ceutorhynchinae the catalogue of Colonnelli is used (COLONNELLI, 2004). During the study preparations only the references with concrete species location in the Western Rhodopes were taken into consideration. In the cases when for the distribution of species the Rhodopes mountain as a whole (without a specific location) are given, the references are not quoted – except for single cases, when it is obvious that the species is found in the Western Rhodopes or it is widespread.
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The weevils of leaf litter were collected with the method of Stüben, Bahr and Bayer (STÜBEN et al., 2000). The species, which are new for the Western Rhodopes fauna and are reported for the first time with exact localities, are indicated with an asterisk “*”. Used abbreviations: s. = specimen/s PA = protected area
List of species Curculionidae Oxystoma pomonae (Fabricius, 1789) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1964, 1966); Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a); Markovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Velingrad (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Debrashtitsa: 1 s., 21.5.2003. Oxystoma ochropus (Germar, 1818) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966). Oxystoma cerdo (Gerstäcker, 1854) Trigrad, Smolyan, Komuniga (ANGELOV, 1966). Oxystoma opeticum (Bach, 1854) Smolyan (ANGELOV, 1966). Oxystoma subulatum (Kirby, 1808) Yundola, Trigrad, Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Byala Cherkva, Chepelare, Studenets Locality, Chudnite Mostove (= Erkyupria), Lilkovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Oxystoma craccae (Linnaeus, 1767) Peshtera, Atanas Spiridonov Hut (= Anton Ivanov resort) (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion aciculare Germar, 1817 Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1964, 1966). Apion violaceum Kirby, 1808 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1964, 1966); Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1964); Velingrad, Rakitovo, Batak Dam, Sitovo, Tamrash, Smolyan, Chepelare, Hrabrino, Bachkovo Monastery, Chudnite Mostove (= Erkyupria) (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion hydrolapathi Marsham, 1802 Studenets Locality (ANGELOV, 1966).
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Apion curtirostre Germar, 1817 Asenovgrad, Bachkovo, Hrabrino (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Velingrad, Rakitovo, Peshtera, Studenets Locality, Byala Cherkva, Persenk Hut, Persenk Summit, Smolyan, Ardashla Locality, Chudnite mostove (= Erkyupria), Sitovo Locality, Koprivkite Locality, Ravnishta Locality, Parvenets, Topolovo (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Batak Dam: Danoto Locality, 11 s., 15.6.2004. Apion sedi Germar, 1818 Asenovgrad, Perushtitsa (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Bachkovsky Monastery (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion affinae Kirby, 1808 Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1957, 1959, 1966); Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Bratsigovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Yundola, Velingrad, Rakitovo, Anton Ivanov Locality ?, Batak, Batak Dam, Goliam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Galabovo, Zdravets Hut, Studenets Locality, Byala Cherkva, Bash Mandra Locality, Koprivkite Locality, Parvenets, Sitovo, Cherelare, Ardashla Locality, Smolyan, Chudnite mostove (= Erkyupria), Persenk Summit (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Yundola: 1 s., 01.6.1997; Debrashtitsa: 1 ‡, 12.5.2004. Apion brevirostre (Herbst, 1797) Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1957, 1959, 1966; SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961); Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1963a, 1964, 1966); Bratsigovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Velingrad, Anton Ivanov resort, Sitovo, Batak Dam, Rakitovo, Smolyan, Trigrad, Persenk Hut, Byala Cherkva, Zdravets Hut, Bash Mandra Locality, Studenets Locality, Ruen Hut; Yavorovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion simum Germar, 1817 Bratsigovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Amerikata, Studenets Locality, Byala Cherkva, Chudnite Mostove Locality (= Erkyupria), Chepelare, Parvenets, Galabovo, Lilkovo, Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion malvae (Fabricius, 1775) Velingrad (ANGELOV, 1959); Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1964, 1966); Markovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966). Apion conf luens Kirby, 1808 Bash Mandra Locality (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Varvara: 1 s., 15.6.1998. Apion detritum Rey, 1859 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Trigrad, Komuniga, Cheteridesete izvora Locality (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion carduorum Kirby, 1808 Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961); Chehliovo Forest house, Chudnite mostove Locality (= Erkyupria), Persenk Summit, Byala Cherkva resort, Kukulyaka Locality, Sitovo (ANGELOV, 1966).
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P. ANGELOV, K. METODIEV Apion decolor Desbrochers, 1785 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966, 1973).
Apion penetrans Germar, 1817 Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a); Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966). New data: Varvara: 1 s., 28.6.1997. Apion onopordi Kirby, 1808 Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1959, 1966); Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a); Anton Ivanov summer resort, Velingrad, Trigrad, Sitovo, Lilkovo, Smolyan, Bash Mandra Locality, Chepelare, Byala Cherkva resort, Persenk Hut, Chudnite Mostove Locality (= Erkyupria), Kukulyaka Locality, Mezar Gidik Locality, Kaloyanovo, Batak Dam, Hrabrino, Asenovgrad, Bachkovsky Monastery, Narechenski bani (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Varvara: 2 s., 12.4.1998; Yundola: 1s., 28.6.1997; 2 s., 27.8.1997. Apion orientale Gerstäcker, 1854 Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1964, 1966). Apion radiolus Kirby, 1805 Asenovgrad, Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966); Amerikata, Markovo, Parvenets, Hrabrino (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Debrashtitsa: 1 s., 12.5.2004; Apion aenum (Fabricius, 1775) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1964, 1966); Bachkovo, Markovo (ANGELOV, 1964; ANGELOV, 1966); Manchov Chuchur Locality (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion longirostre Olivier, 1807 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1964, 1966). Apion dispar Germar, 1817 Velingrad, Studenets Locality (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion hookeri Kirby, 1808 Belovo, Sitovo, Ardashla Locality, Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam) (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion rhodopensis Angelov, 1961 Bratsigovo (locus typicus); Markovo, Bachkovsky monastery, Sveti Nikola Locality, Asenova Krepost Locality, Yavorovo, Parvenets, Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1962, 1966); Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1962, 1963a, 1966); Velingrad (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966; BEHNE, 1986); Ruen Hut (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966). New data: Varvara: 9 s., 04.5.1997; 4 s., 01.6.1997; 2 s., 28.6.1997; 1 s., 17.4.1998; Velingrad: 3 s., 12.4.1998; 1s., 28.6.1997. B. Apion semivittatum Gyllenhal, 1835 Krichim (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Amerikata (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Kupena Reserve: 1 s., 12.5.2004.
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Apion urticarium (Herbst, 1784) Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961); Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a); Peshtera, Batak, Trigrad, Chepelare, Smolyan, Mihalkovo, Bachkovsky Monastery, Hrabrino, Kaloyanovo, Ruen Hut (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Velingrad: 2 s., 25.5.1999; Debrashtitsa: Livadite Locality, 1 s., 29.8.2003. Apion rufulum Wencker, 1864 Velingrad (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966, 1976a). Apion rufescens Gyllenhal, 1833 Belovo (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Varvara: 1 s., 12.4.1998 ã.; Velingrad: 1 s., 24.5.1998. Apion elegantulum Germar, 1818 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1963a) Apion difficile Herbst, 1797 Parvenets (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Batak Dam, Studenets Locality (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Samodivska Poliana: 1 s., 22.6.1997; Varvara: 1 s., 15.6.1998; Batak Dam: Danoto Locality, 1 s., 15.6.2003. Apion corniculatum Germar, 1817 Velingrad, Peshtera, Progled, Smolyan, Ustovo, Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Kukulyaka Locality, Chepelare, Koprivkite Locality (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Batak Dam: Danoto Locality; 3 s., 15.6.2003. Apion compactum Desbrochers, 1888 Smolyan, Ustovo, Chepelare, Tamrash (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Batak Dam: Danoto Locality, 1 s., 16.6.2003. * Apion breiti Wagner, 1910 New data: Debrashtitsa: Kochagov Bair Hill: 14 s., 01.6.2003, on Haplophyllum suaveolens (DC) G. Don f. New for Rhodopes. Apion holosericeum Gyllenhal, 1833 Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966); Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966); Yundola Locality, Peshtera, Bratsigovo, Perushtitsa, Krichim, Bryanovshtitsa Hut, Markovo, Hrabrino, Amerikata, Mihalkovo, Teshel, Bash Mandra Locality, Persenk Hut, Narechenski Bani, Chetiridesette (Forty) Izvora Locality, Topolovo (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Varvara: 3 s., 12.4.1998; Sveta Marina PA, 8 s., 19.2.2004, in leaf litter; Debrashtitsa: 1 s., 15.5.2003, on Quercus sp. Apion rufirostre (Fabricius, 1775) Asenovgrad, Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966); Markovo (ANGELOV, 1966).
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P. ANGELOV, K. METODIEV Apion fulvirostre Gyllemhal, 1833 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1964, 1966). Apion miniatum Germar, 1833 Bachkovo, Kaloyanovo (ANGELOV, 1966).
Apion frumentarium (Paykull, 1792) Velingrad (ANGELOV, 1957, 1959, 1966); Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Studenets Locality, Byala Cherkva summer resort, Persenk Hut, Chepelare, Chudnite Mostove Locality (= Erkyupria), Komuniga (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion rubens Stephens, 1831 Byala Cherkva summer resort, Velingrad (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion sanguineum (De Geer, 1775) Velingrad, Studenets Locality (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion pubescens Kirby, 1811 Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1959, 1966); Markovo (ANGELOV, 1964); Yundola, Velingrad, Smolyan, Chudnite Mostove Locality (= Erkyupria), Bash Mandra Locality, Byala Cherkva resort, Batak Dam, Studenets Locality, Ravnishta Locality (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion curtulum Desbrochers, 1870 Peshtera, Hrabrino, Markovo, Chudnite Mostove Locality (= Erkyupria), Studenets Locality, Yavorovo, Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion seniculus Kirby, 1808 Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1957, 1959, 1966); Velingrad, Rakitovo, Trigrad, Smolyan, Rozhen, Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Zdravets Hut, Bas Mandra Locality, Markovo, Asenovgrad, Kaloyanovo (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Velingrad: 1 s., 04.5.1997. Apion ononiphagum Schatzmayr, 1919 Sveti Konstantin (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961); Rakitovo, Lilkovo, Smolyan, Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Chudnite Mostove Locality (= Erkyupria), Studenets Locality, Markovo, Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion elongatum Germar, 1817 Bratsigovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966). Apion f lavimanum Gyllenhal, 1833 Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1964, 1966); Parvenets (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Anton Ivanov Locality (?) (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion millum Bach, 1854 Parvenets (ANGELOV 1968)
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Apion vicinum Kirby, 1808 Asenovgrad, Bachkovo (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986) Apion atomarium Kirby, 1808 Asenovgrad, Velingrad, Yundola Locality, Goliam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Batak Dam, Studenets Locality (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966). Apion oblivum Schilsky, 1902 Velingrad, Batak Dam, Byala Cherkva Locality (ANGELOV, 1968). New data: Velingrad: 1s., 08.6.1997. Apion dichroum Bedel, 1886 = Apion flavipes Payk., 1792 Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1959, 1966); Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1966); Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966); Yundola, Velingrad, Rakitovo, Batak Dam, Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Borino, Trigrad, Chechlyovo Forest House, Ravnishta Locality, Studenets Locality, Byala Cherkva Summer resort, Kukulyaka Locality, Persenk Summit, Chudnite Mostove Locality (= Erkyupria), Chepelare, Progled, Vasil Kolarov resort ?, Ardashla Locality, Rozhen, Smolyan, Amerikata, Mihalkovo, Ruen Hut, Markovo, Narechenski Bani, Cheteridesette Izvora Locality, Topolovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion nigritarse Kirby, 1808 Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1959, 1966); Asenovgrad, Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966); Velingrad, Batak, Bratsigovo, Krichim, Mihalkovo, Amerikata, Markovo, Smolyan, Komuniga, Cheteridesette Izvora (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Varvara: 2 s., 12.4.1998. Apion schönherri Boheman, 1839 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966); Pesheta, Bratsigovo, Perushtitsa, Markovo, Hrabrino, Smolyan, Byala Cherkva resort, Persenk Hut, Zdravets Hut, Bash Mandra Locality, Cheteridesette Izvora Locality, Komuniga (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion laevicolle Kirby, 1811 Markovo, Asenovgrad, Cheteridisette Izvora Locality, Hrabrino (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion apricans Herbst, 1797 Parvenets, Narechenski Bani (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Batak Dam, Zdravets Hut, Studenets Locality, Byala Cherkva resort, Ruen Hut, Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam) (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion trifolii (Linnaeus, 1768) Asenovgrad, Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966); Yundola Locality, Velingrad, Peshtera, Batak Dam, Trigrad, Parvenets, Ravnishta Locality, Ruen Hut, Studenets Locality, Rozhen, Chepelare, Smolyan, Byala Cherkva, Persenk Hut, Novakovo, Topolovo, Narechenski Bani, Chetiridesette Izvora Locality (ANGELOV, 1966).
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P. ANGELOV, K. METODIEV
Apion varipes Germar, 1817 Peshtera, Teshel, Chepelare, Smolyan, Studenets Locality, Kukulyaka Locality, Hrabrino, Bachkovo, Novakovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion ononicola Bach, 1854 Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1957, 1959, 1966); Rakitovo, Velingrad, Kaloyanovo, Galabovo, Sveti Nikola Locality, Komuniga (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion assimile Kirby, 1808 Parvenets, Hrabrino (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Rakitovo, Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Trigrad, Smolyan, Zdravets Hut, Studenets Locality, Byala Cherkva Locality, Kukulyaka Locality, Bash Mandra Locality, Persenk Hut, Chepelare, Rozhen, Chudnite Mostove (= Erkyupria), Sitovo, Ruen Hut (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion dissimile Germar, 1817 Bratsigovo, Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion dentipes Gerstäcker, 1854 Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a); Amerikata (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion truquii Reiche, 1857 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966, 1976a). Apion pisi Fabricius, 1802 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966); Peshtera, Markovo, Mihalkovo, Chepelare, Smolyan, Vasil Kolarov summer Resort ?, Bash Mandra Locality, Kukuyaka Locality, Chudnite Mostove (= Erkyupria), Ruen Hut, Hrabrino, Bachkovsky Monastery (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Debrashtitsa: 1 s., 21.5.2003. Apion punctigerum (Paykull, 1792) Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966); Krichim (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961); Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a); Velingrad, Rakitovo, Peshtera, Galabovo, Ruen Hut, Studenets Locality, Bash Mandra Locality, Bachkovsky Monastery, Sveti Nikola Locality (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Velingrad: 1 s., 25.5.1999; Debrashtitsa: 2 s., 21.5.2003. Apion facetum Gyllenhal, 1839 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1963a). Apion elegantulum Germar, 1818 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966); Markovo, Manchov Chuchur Locality, Hrabrino, Zdravets Hut, Galabovo, Bachkovo, Kozhuharci (ANGELOV, 1966).
Weevils
391
Apion astragali Paykull, 1800 Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1963a, 1964, 1966); Markovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Velingrad, Peshtera, Lukovitsko dere (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion spencei Kirby, 1808 Sitovo, Chepelare, Rozhen (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion platalea Germar, 1817 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966); Markovo, Chepelare, (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966). Apion gyllenhali Kirby, 1808 Studenets Locality (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion f lavofemoratum Herbst, 1797 Studenets Locality, Byala Cherkva summer resort, Chepelare, Smolyan, Ruen Hut, Topolovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion melancholicum Wencker, 1864 = Apion hydropicum Wenck. Tamrash (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion ervi Kirby, 1808 Velingrad, Trigrad, Vasil Kolarov Resort, Rozhen, Progled, Chepelare, Chudnite Mostove Locality (= Erkyupria), Smolyan, Persenk Hut, Persenk Summit, Byala Cherkva summer resort, Mihalkovo, Studenets Locality (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion ononis Kirby, 1808 Lukovitsko Dere Valley near Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion viciae Paykull, 1798 Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1957, 1959); Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966); Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a); Velingrad, Bratsigovo, Amerikata, Mihalkovo, Trigrad, Borino, Smolyan, Chepelare, Persenk Hut, Markovo, Studenets, Zdravets Hut, Ruen Hut, Cheteridesette Izvora Locality, Vasil Kolarov summer Resort (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion vorax Herbst, 1797 Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1957, 1959, 1966); Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Anton Ivanov Summer resort (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion ref lexum Gyllenhal, 1833 Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Hrabrino (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Markovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966).
392
P. ANGELOV, K. METODIEV Apion curtisi Stephens, 1831 Velingrad (ANGELOV, 1966).
Apion pavidum Germar, 1817 Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966); Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a); Peshtera, Velingrad, Batak, Bratsigovo, Hrabrino, Markovo, Manchov Chuchur Locality, Ruen Hut, Lukovitsko Dere, Cheteridesette Izvora Locality (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion aeneomicans Wenecker, 1864 Velingrad, Galabovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion cognatum Hochhut, 1851 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966, 1976a). Apion virens Herbst, 1797 Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1957, 1959, 1966); Yundola, Trigrad, Smolyan, Chepelare, Persenk Summit, Chudnite Mostove Locality (= Erkyupria), Kukulyaka Locality, Mihalkovo, Studenets Locality, Tamrash, Sitovo, Bash Mandra Locality, Byala Cherkva summer resort, Ruen Hut, Bachkovo, Cheteridesette Izvora Locality (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Varvara: 6 s., 28.6.1997; 1 s., 21.8.1997; 2 s., 17.4.1998; 2 s., 28.2.1999; Velingrad: 5 s., 25.5.1997; 1 s., 01.6.1997; Yundola: 1 s., 27.8.1997. Apion punctirostre Gyllenhal, 1839 Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1963a, 1964, 1966); Zdravets Hut, Yavorovo (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Yundola: 1 s., 01.6.1997; Varvara: 1s., 28.6.1997. Apion meliloti Kirby, 1808 Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1964, 1966) Apion tenue Kirby, 1808 Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1966); Velingrad, Peshtera, Mihalkovo, Markovo, Komuniga, Cheteridesette Izvora Locality (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion intermedium Eppelsheim, 1875 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966, 1976a). Apion loti Kirby, 1808 = Apion sicardi Desbrochers Asenovgrad (DIECKMANN 1973; ANGELOV, 1966); Peshtera, Rakitovo, Markovo, Hrabrino, Studenets, Chudnite Mostove Locality (= Erkyupria) Kukuliaka Locality, Ruen Hut, Asenovgrad, Cheteridesette Izvora, Topolovo (ANGELOV, 1966).
Weevils
393
Apion minimum Herbst, 1797 Ustovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Apion ergenense Becker, 1864 Asenovgrad (BEHNE, 1986). Apion lanigerum Gemminger, 1871 Velingrad (ANGELOV, 1988) Apion ruficrus Germar, 1817 Studenets (DIECKMANN, 1973). Otiorrhynchus mastix (Olivier, 1807) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1970, 1976a). Otiorrhynchus obsoletus Stierlin, 1861 Zdravets Hut (ANGELOV, 1966). Otiorrhynchus geniculatus (Germar, 1817) Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam) (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Samodivska Polyana PA: 1 †, 23.8.2003, in spruce forest, on Rubus sp. Otiorrhynchus aurosignatus Apfelbeck, 1899 Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam) (ANGELOV, 1966); Central Rhodopes (ANGELOV, 1970). Otiorrhynchus perdix (Olivier, 1807) Studenets Place (ANGELOV, 1963b, 1966, 1970). Otiorrhynchus bisulcatus (Fabricius, 1781) West Rhodopes (ANGELOV, 1970, 1973a). Otiorrhynchus niger (Fabricius, 1775) Geshova Planina (DIMITROV, 1935); Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam) (ANGELOV, 1966); Western Rhodopes (ANGELOV, 1970, 1973a). Otiorrhynchus denigrator Boheman, 1843 = Otiorrhynchus lithanthracius Boheman Persenk Summit, Mezargidik (ANGELOV, 1966); Western Rhodopes (ANGELOV, 1968b, 1970; APFELBECK, 1922); Velingrad, Chernovrach (BEHNE, 1986); Batashka Planina, Pamporovo (MAZUR, 1993). Otiorrhynchus hospitus Reitter, 1912 Yundola (MAZUR, 1993).
394
P. ANGELOV, K. METODIEV
Otiorrhynchus raucus (Fabricius, 1776) Zdravets Hut (ANGELOV, 1970); Cherna Gora (BEHNE, 1986); Chepelare, Beglika (MAZUR, 1993a). New data: Yundola: 1 ‡, 23.5.1998; Samodivska Polyana PA: 4 ‡‡, 23.8.2003, on Rubus sp; Kupena Reserve: 3 ‡‡, 09.7.2003, in leaf litter. Otiorrhynchus mandibularis Redtenbacher, 1842 = Otiorrhynchus stoeckleini Zumpt, 1936 Persenk Summit, Ardashla Locality, Yundola (ANGELOV, 1970); Cherna Gora (BEHNE, 1986). Otiorrhynchus cepelarus Angelov, 1974 Chepelare (ANGELOV, 1974c). * Otiorrhynchus rugosostriatus Goeze, 1877 New data: Kupena Reserve: 1 ‡, 09.6.2003, in leaf litter; 1 ‡, 09.7.2003, in beech leaf litter. Otiorrhynchus antenatus Stierlin, 1861 Zdravets Hut (ANGELOV, 1966, 1970). Otiorrhynchus bohemani Stierlin, 1877 Rhodopes (without specific locality but it was indicated at 1800 m a. s. l.) (ANGELOV, 1970). Otiorrhynchus scaber (Linnaeus, 1758) Studenets Locality (ANGELOV, 1966, 1970). Otiorrhynchus rhilensis Stierlin, 1888 Chernovrach Summit (BEHNE, 1986). Otiorrhynchus splendidus Reitter, 1913 Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam) (ANGELOV, 1966). Otiorrhynchus austriacus (Fabricius, 1801) Studenetd Locality (ANGELOV, 1966, 1970). Otiorrhynchus salicis (Ström, 1788) Studenets Locality (ANGELOV, 1970). Otiorrhynchus annulipes Apfelbeck, 1932 Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1970). Otiorrhynchus trigradus Angelov, 1974 Trigrad, Sitovo, Smolyan, Chepelare, Chudnite Mostove Hut (= Erkyupria), Dobrostan (ANGELOV, 1974b); Bachkovski Monastery, Smolyan (BEHNE, 1986).
Weevils
395
Otiorrhynchus lavandus Germar, 1824 Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam) (ANGELOV, 1966). Otiorrhynchus sorbivorus Reiter, 1913 Smolyan, Studenets Locality (BEHNE, 1986). Otiorrhynchus caviventris Angelov, 1973 Lilkovo, Chudnite Mostove Hut (= Erkyupria Hut), Persenk Summit (ANGELOV, 1973b). Otiorrhynchus corruptor Host, 1789 Pamporovo (BEHNE, 1986). Otiorrhynchus populeti Boheman, 1843 Asenovgrad (YOAKIMOV, 1904; ANGELOV, 1970, 1976a). Otiorrhynchus gemmatus (Scopoli, 1763) Asenovgrad (YOAKIMOV, 1904; ANGELOV, 1964, 1966, 1970, 1976a). Otiorrhynchus dives Germar, 1839 Batak Dam (ANGELOV, 1966, 1970). Otiorrhynchus demirkapensis Apfelbeck, 1899 Lilkovo, Boykovo, Ruen Hut, Mezar Gidik Locality, Chudnite Mostove Hut (= Erkyupria Hut), Persenk Hut, Byala Cherkva, Rozhen, Ardashla Locality, Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Progled, Studenets Locality (ANGELOV, 1966); Western Rhodopes (ANGELOV, 1970). New data: Samodivska Polyana PA: 1 † & 1 ‡, 31.7.2002; 1 s., 30.8.2003, in spruce forest; 2 †† & 3 ‡‡, 23.8.2003, on raspberry bush in spruce forest, at night; 1 s., 30.7.2002, on Veratrum sp. in spruce forest. Otiorrhynchus krattereri Boheman, 1843 Zdravets Hut (ANGELOV, 1970); Western Rhodopes (ANGELOV, 1973a). * Otiorrhynchus crataegi Germar, 1824 New data: Kupena Reserve: 3 ‡‡., 13.5.2004, in leaf litter. Otiorrhynchus juglandiformis Reitter, 1912 Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Progled (ANGELOV, 1966); Pamporovo (BEHNE, 1986). Otiorrhynchus albidus Stierlin, 1861 Markovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966). Otiorrhynchus juglandis Apfelbeck, 1896 Asenovgrad (YOAKIMOV, 1904); Markovo, Yavorovo (ANGELOV, 1970).
396
P. ANGELOV, K. METODIEV
Otiorrhynchus fullo (Schrank, 1781) Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Zdravets Hut, Parvenets (ANGELOV, 1966). Otiorrhynchus scopularis Hochhut, 1847 Rhodopes (without specific locality) (ANGELOV, 1970) Otiorrhynchus coarctatus Stierlin, 1861 Dobrostan (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Samodivska Polyana PA: 1 ‡, 31.7.2002, on Rubus sp.; Batak: 1 ‡, 23.8.2003, in beech – fir forest, in leaf litter. Otiorrhynchus pauxillus Rosenhauer, 1847 Chudnite Mostove Hut (= Erkyupria Hut) (ANGELOV, 1966); Velingrad, Cherna Gora (BEHNE, 1986). New data: Samodivska Polyana PA: 2 s., 23.8.2003. Otiorrhynchus merkli Stiertlin, 1880 Persenk Hut (ANGELOV, 1966). Otiorrhynchus ovatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Rhodopes (without specific locality) (ANGELOV, 1970) New data: Samodivska Polyana PA: 4 s., 31.7.2002, in spruce forest. Otiorrhynchus serdicanus Apfelbeck, 1922 Mezar Gidik Locality; Chehlyovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Otiorrhynchus bureschi Apfelbeck, 1932 Belovo (APFELBECK, 1922); Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam) (ANGELOV, 1966). Otiorrhynchus conspersus Germar, 1824 Chudnite Mostove Locality (= Erkyupria), Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1970). * Otiorrhynchus zebei Stierlin, 1861 New data: Debrashtitsa: Kochagov Bair hill, 1 † & 1 ‡, 01.6.2003, in dry meadow. ANGELOV (ANGELOV, 1970) reported it for the Rhodopes but without specific locality. Otiorrhynchus gemellatus Stierlin, 1875 Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam) (ANGELOV, 1966, 1970). Otiorrhynchus anthracinus (Scopoli, 1763) Studenets Place, Ardashla Place, Byala Cherkva, Summit Persenk, Chepelare, Sitovo (ANGELOV, 1966); Western Rhodopes (ANGELOV, 1970).
Weevils
397
Otiorrhynchus parreyssi Stierlin, 1861 = Otiorrhynchus bulgaricus Apfelbeck, 1899 Chehlyovo Forest House, Trigrad, Persenk Hut, Persenk Summit, Erkyuprya (ANGELOV, 1966); Malka Syutkya Summit (= Sütke) (APFELBECK, 1922). New data: Samodivska Polyana PA: 2 ‡‡, 22.6.1997. Otiorrhynchus cirrhorhynchoides Reiter, 1912 Rhodopes (without specific locality, above 1500 m a. s. l.) (ANGELOV, 1970). Otiorrhynchus tristis (Scopoli, 1763) Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1970). Otiorrhynchus ligustici (Linnaeus, 1758) Persenk Summit (ANGELOV, 1964; ANGELOV, 1966); Byala Cherkva, Perushtitsa, Bachkovo, Ruen Hut, Koprivkite Locality, Erkyupriya Locality, BashMandra Locality, Smolian, Sveti Nikola Locality, Progled, Studene Locality, Chepelare, Rozhen, Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Ardashla Locality, Narechenski bani, Zdravets Hut (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Debrashtitsa: 1 s., 21.5.2003. Otiorrhynchus sculptirostris Hochhut, 1847 Chernovrach Summit (BEHNE, 1986). Otiorrhynchus serbicus Apfelbeck, 1922 Persenk Hut, Pamporovo, Chudnite Mostove (= Erkyupria), Zdarvets Hut (ANGELOV, 1975a). Otiorrhynchus subellipticus Apfelbeck, 1922 Chernovrach Summit (BEHNE, 1986). Stomodes gyrosicollis Boheman, 1843 Velingrad, Cherna gora (BEHNE, 1986). Argoptochus subsignatus (Boheman, 1834) Hrabrino, Parvenets, Markovo, Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1966). Argoptochus markovensis Angelov, 1987 Markovo (locus typicus), Hrabrino, Rodopski Partizanin, Peshtera, Topolovo (ANGELOV, 1987). Mylacus seminulum (Fabricius, 1792) Byala Cherkva (APFELBECK, 1899; ANGELOV, 1966) Chepelare (PURKYNÉ 1949; ANGELOV, 1966); Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1963a); Studenets Locality (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Yundola: 4 s., 11.5.1997; 1 s., 01.6.1997; Velingrad: 11 s., 01.6.1997; 5 s., 28.6.1997; Varvara: 2 s., 01.6.1997.
398
P. ANGELOV, K. METODIEV Mylacus pustulatus Seidlitz, 1868 Mihailkovo (ANGELOV, 1976a). Mylacus rotundatus (Fabricius, 1792) Asenovgrad (= Stanimaka) (YOAKIMOV, 1904; PURKYNÉ, 1949).
Mylacus bulgaricus Purkyne, 1949 Bachkovo (PURKYNÉ, 1949; ANGELOV, 1973a); Asenovgrad (= Stanimaka) (PURKYNÉ, 1949); Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1973a). Rhinomias bulgaricus Angelov, 1990 Asenovgrad, Markovo (ANGELOV, 1990). Metacinops rhinomacer Kraatz, 1862 Belovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Auchmerestes kiesenwetteri Kraatz, 1862 Chepelare (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986). Phyllobius pedestris Schilsky, 1911 Ustovo, Trigrad, Narechen (ANGELOV, 1969, 1969); Smolyan, Asenovgrad, Teshel (ANGELOV, 1972). Phyllobius oblongus (Linnaeus, 1758) Asenovgrad (CHORBADJIEV, 1929; ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966); Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966); Narechenski Bani, Markovo, Ustovo, Trigrad (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Velingrad: 3 s., 01.6.1997; 3 s., 24.5.1998; Varvara: 6 s., 02.5.1998. Phyllobius pictus Stevens, 1829 Markovo (ANGELOV, 1966, 1972); Krichim (ANGELOV, 1966). Phyllobius piri (Linnaeus, 1758) Asenovgrad (YOAKIMOV, 1904); Zdravets Hut, Sitovo, Trigrad, Smolyan (ANGELOV, 1966, 1972); Tamrash (ANGELOV, 1966); Pamporovo (ANGELOV, 1972). Phyllobius canus Gyllenhal, 1834 Batak Dam (ANGELOV, 1966); Asenovgrad, Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam) (ANGELOV, 1972). Phyllobius bulgaricus Apfelbeck, 1915 Asenovgrad, Bachkovo (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986). Phyllobius maculicornis Germar, 1824 Sitovo (ANGELOV, 1966, 1972); Bash Mandra Locality (ANGELOV, 1972).
Weevils
399
Phyllobius argentatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Bachkovo, Ruen Hut, Asenovgrad, Byala Cherkva, Studenets Locality, Ardashla Locality, Chudnite Mostove (= Erkyupria), Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Smolyan, Bryanovshtitsa, Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1966). Phyllobius lateralis Reiche, 1857 Peshtera, Trigrad, Krichim, Markovo, Bachkovo, Yavorovo, Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1972); Velingrad (BEHNE, 1986). New data: Varvara: 5 s., 04.5.1997. Phyllobius betulae (Fabricius, 1801) Asenovgrad, Ardashla Locality, Hrabrino, Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1966); Kapitan Dimitrievo (ANGELOV, 1972). Phyllobius rhodopensis Apfelbeck, 1898 Western Rhodopes (APFELBECK, 1915); Persenk Hut, Studenets Locality, Byala Cherkva (ANGELOV, 1966). Phyllobius incanus Gyllenhal, 1834 Velingrad (BEHNE, 1986). Phyllobius calcaratus (Fabricius, 1792) Asenovgrad, Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a). Phyllobius pilicornis Desbrochers, 1873 Bachkovo, Asenovgrad, Markovo, Amerikata (ANGELOV, 1966). Phyllobius pinicola Kiesenwetter, 1864 Dospat, Trigrad, Progled, Chudnite Mostove (= Erkyupria), Rozhen, Zdravets Hut, Studenets Locality, Yundola, Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam) (ANGELOV, 1966); Velingrad (BEHNE, 1986). * Phyllobius fulvago Stevens, 1829 New data: Varvara: 1 s., 01.6.1997. Psalidium maxillosum (Fabricius, 1792) Ruen Hut (ANGELOV, 1966). Psalidium concinum Faust, 1890 Markovo (ANGELOV, 1963a). New data: Debrashtitsa: Kochagov Bair Hill, 1 sp., 11.5.2003. Trachyphloeus alternans Gyllenhal, 1834 Yavorovo (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Debrashtitsa: Livadite Locality, 1 s., 29.5.2004 (leg. D. Metodieva).
400
P. ANGELOV, K. METODIEV Trachyphloeus spinimanus Germar, 1824 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1966b).
Trachyphloeus bosnicus Apfelbeck, 1898 Studenets Locality, Koprivkite Locality, Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Trigrad, Yundola (ANGELOV, 1966). Trachyphloeus ventricosus Germar, 1824 Trigrad, Smolyan (ANGELOV, 1966); South of Plovdiv - 900 m (BEHNE, 1986). Trachyphloeus ypsilon Seidlitz, 1868 Zdravets Hut (ANGELOV, 1966). Trachyphloeus alens Angelov, 1980 Trigrad (ANGELOV 1980a). Trachyphloeus suomalaineni Petryszak, 1990 Chepelare (PETRYSZAK, 1990). Scythropus mustela (Hrbst, 1797) Koprivkite Locality, Dospat, Byala Cherkva Locality (ANGELOV, 1963b); Gorni Voden, Manchov Chuchur Locality, Ruen Hut, Zdravets Hut, Koprivkite Locality, Byala Cherkva, Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Dospat (ANGELOV, 1966). Polydrosus picus (Fabricius, 1792) Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966); Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a; ANGELOV, 1966); Novakovo; Narechen, Bachkovo, Asenovgrad, Markovo, Hrabrino, Bryanovshtitsa, Ustovo, Trigrad, Teshel, Batak, Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Velingrad: 5 s., 24.5.1998; Varvara: 1 s., 15.6.1998. Polydrosus viridicinctus Gyllenhal, 1834 Hrabrino (ANGELOV, 1966). Polydrosus elegans Reitter, 1887 Hrabrino (ANGELOV, 1966). Polydrosus mollis (Ström, 1768) Ruen Hut, Dorkovo (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Velingrad: 3 s., 24.5.1998; Debrashtitsa: 1 s., 21.05.2003. Polydrosus sciaphiliformis Apfelbeck 1899 = Polydrosus bulgaricus Leonhard, 1912 Sveta Petka (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986); Pamporovo (BEHNE, 1986).
Weevils
401
Polydrosus sericeus (Schaller, 1902) Krichim, Markovo, Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1966). Polydrosus thalassinus Gyllenhal, 1834 Topolovo, Narechenski Bani, Bachkovo, Asenovgrad, Yavorovo, Persenk Hut, Zdravets Hut, Ruen Hut, Trigrad, Teshel, Markovo, Hrabrino, Krichim, Bratsigovo, Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1966). * Polydrosus corruscus Germar, 1824 New data: Varvara: 1 s., 01.6.1997; 2 s., 02.5.1998. Common in the whole country up to 900 m a.s.l. (ANGELOV, 1974) but without specific locality for the Rhodopes.
Polydrosus cervinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Asenovgrad, Narechenski Bani, Ustovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Polydrosus conf luens Stephens, 1831 Batak Dam, Studenets Locality, Bash Mandra Place, Smolian, Tamrash (ANGELOV, 1966). Polydrosus sparsus Gyllenhal, 1834 Ustovo (ANGELOV, 1966); Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1969; PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986). Eusomus ovulum Germar, 1824 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966); Persenk Hut, Batak Dam, Rakitovo, Bratsigovo, Borino, Tamrash, Peshtera, Smolian, Rozhen, Kukulyaka Locality, Studenets Locality, Zdravets Hut, Koprivkite Locality, Markovo (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Batak Dam: 3 s., 15.06.2003. Strophomorphus procellus Schönherr, 1832 Studenets Locality, Ruen Hut, Persenk Summit, Persenk Hut, Progled, Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Chudnite Mostove (= Erkyupria), Byala Cherkva, Bash Mandra Locality, Yundola, Chehlyovo Forest House, Selishte Forest House (ANGELOV, 1966). * Sciaphilus asperatus (Bausdorf, 1785) New data: Debrashtitsa: 1 s., 21.5.2003; Samodivska Poliana PA: 1 s. 23.08.2003, at night, in spruce forest. Common in the whole country up to 1700 m a.s.l. (ANGELOV, 1978a) but without specific locality for the Rhodopes. * Brachysomus hirtus (Boheman, 1885) New data: Kupena Reserve: Snezhanka Locality, 1 s., 17.6.2003, in leaf litter; Snezhanka Locality, 13 s., 15.3.2005, in leaf litter; Varvara: 9 s., 19.2.2004, in Quercus sp. and Castanea sativa leaf litter. New for the Rhodopes.
402
P. ANGELOV, K. METODIEV Brachyderes incanus (Linnaeus, 1758) Rakitovo (ANGELOV, 1966).
Strophosomus melanogrammus (Forster, 1771) = Strophosomus coryli Asenovgrad (YOAKIMOV, 1904; ANGELOV, 1963a). New data: Samodivska Polyana PA: 2 sp., 31.7.2002, in spruce forest; 1 s., 01.8.2002. Tropiphorus carinatus (Müller, 1776) Chudnite mostove (= Erkyupria) (ANGELOV, 1966). Tropiphorus obtusus (Bonsdorf, 1785) Chudnite Mostove (= Erkyupria); Kukulyaka Locality (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Kupena Reserve: 1 s., 26.2.2004, in leaf litter. Tropiphorus tomentosus (Marsham, 1802) Mezar Gidik Locality; Zdravets Hut; Chehlyovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Tropiphorus caesius Frivaldsky, 1879 Progled, Mezar Gidik Locality, Smolyan, Kukulyaka Locality, Studenets Locality (ANGELOV, 1966). Sitona cinerascens Fahrs, 1840 Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1978a). Sitona lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Narechenski Bani, Persenk Hut, Kukulyaka Locality, Progled, Smoliyan, Bojkovo, Chudnite Mostove (= Erkyupria), Zdravets Hut, Tamrash, Trigrad, Batak Dam, Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1966). Sitona suturalis Stephens, 1831 Markovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966). Sitona ophtalmicus (Desbrochers, 1869) Goliam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Chepelare, Chudnite Mostove (= Erkyupria), Ardashla Locality, Smolian, Velingrad (ANGELOV, 1966). Sitona sulcifrons (Thunberg, 1798) Trigrad, Mihalkovo, Markovo, Rozhen, Persenk Hut, Progled, Chudnite Mostove (= Erkyupria), Chepelare, Goliam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Smolian, Koprivkite Locality, Studenets Locality, Yundola (ANGELOV, 1966). Sitona f lavescens (Marsham, 1802) Ravnishta Locality, Byala Cherkva, Persenk Hut, Ardashla Locality, Chudnite Mostove (= Erkyupria), Asenovgrad, Markovo (ANGELOV, 1966).
Weevils
403
Sitona callosus Gyllenhall, 1834 Bachkovo, Hrabrino, Bash Mandra Locality, Studenets Locality, Zdravets Hut, Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1966). Sitona languidus Gyllenhal, 1831 Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1978a; PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986), Narechenski Bani (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986). Sitona crinitus (Herbst, 1795) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966); Studenets Locality, Velingrad, Peshtera, Bratsigovo, Perushtitsa, Hrabrino, Markovo, Yundola, Borino, Bash Mandra Locality, Persenk Hut, Persenk Summit, Rozhen, Ardashla Locality, Smolyan, Trigrad (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Varvara: 1 s., 08.3.1998; 2 s., 02.5.1998; Sitona hispidulus (Fabricius, 1776) Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966); Chepelare, Goliam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Peshtera, Rakitovo, Sitovo, Bratsigovo, Borino, Markovo, Hrabrino, Velingrad, Persenk Hut, Chudnite Mostove (= Erkyupria), Kukulyaka Locality, Mezar Gidik Locality, Studenets Locality, Koprivkite Locality, Asenovgrad, Smolyan (ANGELOV, 1966). Sitona cylindricollis Fahrs, 1840 Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH. 1961; ANGELOV, 1974); Mihalkovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Sitona concavirostris Hochhut, 1851 Markovo, Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH. 1961). Sitona humeralis Stephens, 1831 Bachkovo, Kukulyaka, Koprivkite Locality, Ruen Hut, Markovo, Hrabrino, Perushtitsa (ANGELOV, 1966). Sitona ambiguus Gyllenhal, 1834 Chepelare (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986). Brachycerus sinuatus Olivier, 1807 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1960, 1963a, 1964, 1966); Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a); Ruen Hut (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Debrashtitsa: Kochagov bair hill, 1 s., 03.4.2003, feeding on leaves of Hyacinthella leucophaea (C. Koch) Schur. Tanymecus dilaticollis Gyllenhal, 1834 Markovo (ANGELOV, 1966).
404
P. ANGELOV, K. METODIEV Tanymecus palliatus (Fabricius, 1787) Gorni Voden, Zlatitrap, Markovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Chlorophanus viridis balcanicus Behne, 1989 Parvenets, Batak (BEHNE, 1989). * Chlorophanus micans Steven, 1829 New data: Varvara: 1 s., 21.7.1998. Conorrhynchus nigrivittis (Pallas, 1881) Belovo (ANGELOV, 1966b, 1974, 1978a). Coniocleonus nigrosuturatus (Goeze, 1777) Peshtera (ANGELOV P. 1963, 1966) Zdravets Hut, Perushtitsa (ANGELOV, 1966). Coniocleonus cicatricosus (Hoppe, 1895) Brezovo Hut, Perushtitsa (ANGELOV, 1988). Chromoderes fasciatus (Müller, 1776) Zdavets Hut (ANGELOV, 1966). Pseudocleonus cinereus (Schrank, 1781) Ruen Hut (ANGELOV, 1966).
Cyphocleonus tigrinus (Panzer, 1789) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966); Dobrostan, Asenovgrad, Zdravets Hut, Chepelare, Ruen Hut (ANGELOV, 1966). Cyphocleonus morbillosus (Fabricius, 1792) Ruen Hut (ANGELOV, 1966). Cyphocleonus trisulcatus (Herbst, 1795) Dolni Voden (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Zdavets Hut, Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1966). Cleonus piger (Scopoli, 1763) Rakitovo, Zdravets Hut, Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Markovo, Parvenec (ANGELOV, 1966). Bangasternus orientalis (Capiomont, 1873) Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam) (ANGELOV, 1960, 1966); Bachkovo, Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966). Bangasternus fausti Reiter, 1890 Bachkovo, Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1969).
Weevils
405
Rhinocyllus conicus (Frölich, 1792) Belovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Larinus onopordi (Fabricius, 1787) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1969, 1978a). New data: Velingrad: 1 s., 12.4.1998. Larinus jaceae (Fabricius, 1775) Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1966); Bachkovo, Smolyan, Markovo, Tamrash (ANGELOV, 1966). Larinus sturnus (Schaller, 1783) Studenets Locality, Persenk Summit, Chudnite Mostove (= Erkyupria), Ruen Hut, Borino, Velingrad (ANGELOV, 1966). Larinus planus (Fabricius, 1792) Narechenski Bani (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Byala Cherkva, Persenk Hut, Chudnite Mostove (= Erkyupria), Progled, Trigrad, Chepelare, Tamrash, Sitovo, Chehlyovo, Rakitovo, Velingrad (ANGELOV, 1966). Larinus turbinatus Gyllenhal, 1836 Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1966). Larinus canescens Gyllenhal, 1836 Bryanovshtitsa, Byala Cherkva (ANGELOV, 1973c). Larinus obtusus Gyllenhal, 1851 Zdravets Hut, Belovo, Trigrad, Yundola, Peshtera, Batak Dam (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Velingrad: 2 s., 28.6.1997. Larinus minutus Gyllenhal, 1836 Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Bachkovski monastery (ANGELOV, 1964); Bachkovo, Velingrad (ANGELOV, 1966). * Larinus latus (Herbst, 1784) New data: Varvara: 1 s., 01.6.1997; 2 s., 02.5.1998. Common in the whole country up to 1000 m a.s.l. (ANGELOV, 1978a) but without specific locality for the Western Rhodopes. Lixus ascanii (Linnaeus, 1767) Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1966). Lixus iridis (Olivier, 1897) Belovo (ANGELOV, 1966).
406
P. ANGELOV, K. METODIEV Lixus myagri (Olivier, 1807) Bratsigovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Batak (BEHNE, 1986). Lixus punctirostris Boheman, 1843 Belovo (ANGELOV, 1966, 1978a); Sitovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Lixus subtilis Boheman, 1836 = Lixus subtilis Sturm. Krichim (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961). Lixus algirus (Linnaeus, 1758) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1966).
Lixus bardanae (Fabricius, 1787) Bachkovski monastery (ANGELOV, 1964); Peshtera, Yavorovo, Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Lixus elongatus (Goeze, 1777) Bachkovo, Asenovgrad, Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1966). Lixus cardui Olivier, 1807 Parvenec, Narechenski Bani (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Varvara: 1 s., 02.5.1998; 2 s., 15.6.1998. Lixus scolopax Boheman, 1836 Bachkovski monastery (ANGELOV, 1964); Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Hypera zolius (Scopoli, 1763) = Phytonomus zolius (Scopoli, 1763) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966); Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966). Hypera rumicis (Linnaeus, 1758) = Phytonomus rumicis (Linnaeus, 1758) Velingrad (ANGELOV, 1966). Hypera contaminata (Herbst, 1795) = Hypera contaminatus Hbst. Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961). Hypera meles (Fabricius, 1792) = Phytonomus meles (Fabricius, 1792) Bachkovo, Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Chepelare, Bachkovski monastery, Peshtera, Borino, Bratsigovo, Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Smolyan, Vasil Kolarov Summer resort, Progled, Hrabrino, Markovo, Topolovo, Kukulyaka locality (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Velingrad: 1 s., 25.5.1999
Weevils
407
Hypera variabilis (Herbst, 1795) = Phytonomus variabilis Hrbst Velingrad (= Chepino) (CHORBADJIEV, 1929, 1930); Asenovgrad, Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966); Hrabrino, Ruen Hut, Markovo, Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1966). Hypera murina (Fabricius, 1792) = Phytonomus murinus (Fabricius, 1792) Asenovgrad, Sitovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Hypera plantaginis (De Geer, 1775) = Phytonomus plantaginis (De Geer, 1775) Hrabrino (ANGELOV, 1964); Smolyan, Trigrad, Studenets Locality (ANGELOV, 1966). Hypera nigrirostris (Fabricius, 1775) = Phytonomus nigrirostris (Fabricius, 1775) Yundola, Batak, Hrabrino (ANGELOV, 1966). Hypera trilineata (Marsham, 1802) = Phytonomus trilineatus (Marsham, 1802) Markovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Batak Dam (ANGELOV, 1966). Hypera fornicata (Penecke, 1928) Chepelare (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986; BOROVEC & KOSTAL, 1987). Hypera diversipunctata (Schrank, 1798) Chepelare (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986) Hypera denominata (Capiomont) Chepelare (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986) Donus oxalidis (Herbst, 1795) = Hypera oxalidis Asenovgrad (YOAKIMOV, 1904). Donus intermedius (Boheman, 1834) Chepelare (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986). Donus viennensis (Herbst, 1795) Chepelare (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986). Limobius borealis (Paykul, 1792) Smolyan, Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Velingrad: 1 s., 04.5.1997; Varvara: 1 s., 15.6.1998.
408
P. ANGELOV, K. METODIEV
Alophus rodopensis Reitter, 1912 Chernovrach Summit (BEHNE, 1986). New data: 5 sp., Samodivska Polyana PA, 31.7.2002, on Senecio nemorensis L., 4 of them in copulation. Lepyrus capucinus (Schaller, 1783) Asenovgrad (YOAKIMOV, 1904; ANGELOV, 1974). Curculio abietis Linnaeus, 1758 = Hylobius abietis (L.) Geshova Planina (CHORBADJIEV, 1926); Progled, Chudnite Mostove (= Erkyupria), Rozhen, Byala Cherkva Locality, Mezar Gidik Locality, Studenets, Bash Mandra Locality, Trigrad, Dospat, Batak, Yundola, Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Zdravets Hut (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Yundola: 1 s., 23.5.1998. Liparus coronatus (Goeze, 1777) Belovo (Angelov, 1978a). * Liparus tenebrioides (Pallas, 1781) New data: Velingrad: 1 s., 12.4.1998. Common in the whole country up to 700 m a.s.l. (ANGELOV, 1978a) but without specific locality for the Western Rhodopes. Minyops carinatus (Linnaeus, 1767) Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam) (ANGELOV, 1966b). New data: Debrashtitsa: 1 s., 02.5.2003, feeding on leaf of Ranunculus sprunerianus Boiss. Plinthus sturmi bulgaricus Meregalli, 1985 Pamporovo (KIPPENBERG, 1981; MEREGALI 1985); Summit Chernovrach, Cherna Gora (BEHNE, 1986). Liosoma cribrum (Gyllenhal, 1834) Chepelare (ANGELOV, 1964a; PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986); Persenk Summit (ANGELOV, 1964a). Aparopion costatum (Fähreus, 1843) Bachkovo (ZUPPA & OSELLA, 1999). New data: Kupena Reserve: 3 sp., 09.6.2003, in leaf litter; 1 sp., 17.6.2003 in leaf litter; 4 sp. 09.7.2003, in leaf litter; 6 sp., 01.8.2003, in leaf litter; near Peshtera hydroelectric power-plant, 3 sp., 26.2.2004, in leaf litter; Snezhanka Locality, 6 sp., 13.5.2004, in leaf litter. Pissodes piceae (Illiger, 1807) Selishte Forest house, Belovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Pissodes notatus (Fabricius, 1787) Hvoyna (CHORBADJIEV, 1925); Dolni Voden (CHORBADJIEV, 1929); Rakitovo, Belovo (ANGELOV, 1966).
Weevils
409
Pissodes pini (Linnaeus, 1758) Persenk Summit, Chudnite Mostove Hut (= Erkyupria Hut), Byala Cherkva, Selishte Forest house, Persenk Hut (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Samodivska Polyana PA: 1 s., 23.08.2003, on the trunk of Pinus sylvestris L. Pissodes piniphilus (Herbst, 1795) Zdravets Hut (ANGELOV, 1966b). Magdalis rufa Germar, 1824 Dolny Voden (CHORBADJIEV, 1929; ANGELOV, 1964, 1964b, 1966). Magdalis phlegmatica (Herbst, 1797) Studenets Locality, Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam) (ANGELOV, 1964b, 1966). Magdalis mnemonia Gyllenhal, 1837 Belovo (ANGELOV, 1964b, 1966, 1974). Magdalis linearis Gyllenhal, 1827 Studenets Locality, Yundola Locality, (ANGELOV, 1964b, 1966). New data: Samodivska Polyana PA: 1 s., 30.7.2002. Magdalis duplicata Germar, 1819 Western Rhorpes (ANGELOV, 1969). New data: Velingrad: 1 s., 01.6.1997. Magdalis frontalis Gyllenhal, 1827 Zdravets hut, Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam) (ANGELOV, 1964b, 1966). Magdalis violacea (Linnaeus, 1758) Krichim (ANGELOV, 1964, 1964b, 1966); Velingrad, Yundola Locality, Selishte Forest house, Studenets Locality, Zdravets hut, Kukulyaka Locality, Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam) (ANGELOV, 1964b, 1966). Magdalis armigera (Geoffroy, 1785) Asenovgrad, Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1964b, 1966). New data: Varvara: 3 s., 17.4.1998 Magdalis barbicornis (Latreille, 1804) Hrabrino (ANGELOV, 1964, 1964b, 1966). Magdalis nitidipennis Boheman, 1843 Krichim (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1964b). Magdalis fuscicornis Desbrochers, 1870 = Magdalis quercicola Weise Narechenski Bani (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR,1986).
410
P. ANGELOV, K. METODIEV Anoplus roboris Suffrian, 1840 Bachkovo (BEIGER, 1979). Hydronomus alismatis (Marsham, 1802) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1968a, 1974, 1979).
Dryophthorus corticalis (Paykull, 1792) Belovo (ANGELOV, 1966, 1974, 1979, 1981); Chepelare (ANGELOV, 1966, 1979, 1981); Rhyncolus ater (Linnaeus, 1758) Chudnite Mostove (= Erkyupria); Belovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Stereocorynes truncorum (Germar, 1824) Belovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Hexarthum capitulum (Wollaston, 1873) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1978b, 1979, 1981). Pelenomus waltoni (Boheman, 1843) = Phytobius waltoni Boheman, 1843 Smolyan (ANGELOV, 1966a). * Rhinoncus bruchoides (Herbst, 1784) New data: Varvara: 1 s., 21.5.1999. Rhinoncus castor (Fabricius, 1792) Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Byala Cherkva Locality, Studenets Locality (ANGELOV, 1966a). New data: Velingrad: 4 s., 28.6.1997; 1 s., 25.5.1999. Rhinoncus pericarpius (Linnaeus, 1758) Asenovgrad, Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966a); Peshtera, Rakitovo, Batak Dam, Tamrash, Trigrad, Sitovo, Amerikata, Chepelare, Smolyan, Chudnite Mostove (= Erkyupria), Byala Cherkva Locality, Zdravets Hut, Markovo, Manchov Chuchur Locality, Yavorovo, Kaloyanovo (ANGELOV, 1966a). New data: Varvara: 1 s., 17.4.1998. Rhinoncus perpendicularis (Reich, 1797) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1963a). Amalus scrotillum (Herbst, 1795) = Amalus haemorrhous (Herbst, 1795) Peshtera, Markovo (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Varvara: 1 sp., 04.5.1997. * Ceutorhynchus assimilis (Paykull, 1792) New data: Varvara: 1 s., 01.6.1997; 1 s., 28.6.1997.
Weevils
411
Ceutorhynchus atomus Boheman, 1845 Asenovgrad, Bachkovo, Kaloianovo, Byaga (ANGELOV, 1969). New data: Varvara: 2 s., 01.6.1997; Kapitan Dimitrievo: 3 s., 27.4.2003. Ceutorhynchus barbareae Suffrian, 1847 Chudnite Mostove (= Erkyupria) (ANGELOV, 1975b). Ceutorhynchus carinatus Gyllenhal, 1837 Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1974). New data: Debrastitsa: 2 s., 15.5.2003. * Ceutorhynchus chalibaeus Germar, 1824 New data: Varvara: 1 s., 21.5.1999. Ceutorhynchus chlorophanus Rouget, 1857 Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1974). New data: Debrashtitsa: Kochagov bair Hill, 1 s., 01.6.2003. Ceutorhynchus erysimi (Fabricius, 1787) Smolyan, Pamporovo, Chehlyovo Forest House, Kukulyaka Locality, Yundola Locality, Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Batak Dam, Dobrostan, Peshtera, Narechenski Bani, Bachkovo, Chetiridesette Izvora Locality, Smolyan, Chepelare, Koprivkite Locality, Asenovgrad, Yavorovo Locality (ANGELOV, 1966a). New data: Debrashtitsa: 2 s., 15.5.2003; 1s., 21.5.2003. Ceutorhynchus griseus C. Brisout, 1869 Narechenski Bani, Asenovgrad, Bachkovo (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986). New data: Debrashtitsa: 1 s., 29.5.2004. * Ceutorhynchus hampei Brisout,1869 New data: Batak Dam: Danoto Locality, 2 s., 15.6.2003. Ceutorhynchus hirtulus Germar, 1824 Chepelare, Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1966a). New data: Velingrad: 1 s., 01.6.1997; 1 s., 24.5.1998. Ceutorhynchus ignitus Germar, 1824 Narechenski Bani, Asenovgrad (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986). Ceutorhynchus lukesi Tyl, 1914 Varvara (ANGELOV, 1976b, 1979). * Ceutorhynchus nanus Gyllenhal, 1837 New data: Velingrad: 1 s., 04.5.1997; Debrashtitsa: 4 s., 15.5.2003, on Roripa pyrenaica (L.) Reichenb. Common in the whole country up to 1700 m a.s.l. (ANGELOV, 1979) but without specific locality for the Western Rhodopes.
412
P. ANGELOV, K. METODIEV
Ceutorhynchus pallipes Crotch, 1866 = Ceuthorrhynchus contractus (Marsham, 1802) Bachkovo, Koprivkite Locality, Sitovo, Markovo, Yavorovo, Zdravets Hut, Asenovgrad, Peshtera, Chudnite Mostove Hut (= Erkyupria), Mihalkovo, Chepelare, Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam) (ANGELOV, 1966a). New data: Velingrad: 4 s., 24.5.1998; Kupena Reserve: Kupena Summit, 2 ††, 4 ‡‡, 21.5.2004; Kupena Reserve: above Rozino Village, 1 s., 07.10.2004; in leaf litter. Ceutorhynchus pandellei C. Brisout, 1869 Chudnite Mostove Hut (= Erkyupria Hut) (ANGELOV, 1966b). Ceutorhynchus picitarsis (Gyllenhal, 1837) Cheteridesette Izvora Locality, Markovo, Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1966a). New data: Debrashtitsa: 1 s., 21.5.2003. Ceutorhynchus puncticollis Boheman, 1845 = Ceuthorrhynchus puncticollis Boheman, 1845 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1966a). New data: Varvara: 1 s., 01.6.1997; Kupena Reserve: 1 †, 21.5.2004. * Ceutorhynchus rapae Gyllenhal, 1837 New data: Debrashtitsa: 1 s., 15.5.2003, in a grassy place. Common in almost the whole country up to 400 m a.s.l. (ANGELOV, 1979) but without specific locality for the Western Rhodopes. * Ceutorhynchus similis C. Brisout, 1869 New data: Yundola: 1 s., 08.5.1998. New for the Rhodopes. Ceutorhynchus striatellus Schultze, 1900 = Ceuthorrhynchus angustus Dieckmann & Smreczynski, 1972 Yundola (ANGELOV, 1979). New data: Batak Dam: Danoto Locality, 1 † & 1 ‡, 15.6.2003, a grassy place in spruce forest. Ceutorhynchus subpilosus C. Brisout 1969 Sveta Petka (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986). Ceutorhynchus sulcatus C. Brisout, 1869 Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961). * Ceutorhynchus sulcicollis (Paykull, 1800) New data: Debrashtitsa: 1 s., 21.5.2003. Common in the whole country up to 500 m a.s.l. (ANGELOV, 1979) but without specific locality for the Western Rhodopes. Ceutorhynchus talickyi Korotyaev, 1980 = Ceuthorrhynchus strejceki Dieckmann, 1981 Narechenski Bani, Asenovgrad (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986).
Weevils
413
* Ceutorhynchus typhae (Herbst, 1795) = Ceutorhynchus floralis (Paykull, 1792) New data: Varvara: 18 s., 04.5.1997; 2 s., 01.6.1997; 1s., 12.6.1998; Velingrad: 3 s., 25.5.1999; 2 s., 12.6.1998; Yundola: 1 s., 01.6.1997; Kupena Reserve: 1 †, 26.2.2004, in broad-leaved litter. Very common in the whole country up to 2000 m a.s.l. (ANGELOV, 1979) but without specific locality for the Western Rhodopes. Ceutorhynchus unguicularis Thomson, 1871 Varvara (ANGELOV, 1979). Ceutorhynchus viridanus Gyllenhal, 1837 Asenovgrad (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986). Calosirus terminatus (Herbst, 1795) = Ceuthorrhynchus terminatus Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1974). Sirocalodes depressicollis (Gyllenhal, 1813) = Ceuthorrhynchu nigrinus (Marsham, 1802) Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV. 1974). New data: Bratsigovo: 4 †† & 1 ‡, 21.4.2004, on Fumaria officinalis L. Prisistus rhodopensis (Dieckmann, 1969) = Ceuthorrhynchus rhodopensis Dieckmann, 1969 Asenovgrad, Zdravets (DIECKMANN, 1969). Stenocarus cardui (Herbst, 1784) Markovo, Persenk Hut, Sveti Nikola Locality (ANGELOV, 1966a). Glocianus brevicollis (Schultze, 1897) = Ceuthorrhynchus incisus Schultze Narechenski Bani (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986). Glocianus punctiger (C. R. Sahlberg, 1835) = Ceuthorrhynchus punctiger Gyllenhal, 1837 Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1966a). New data: Varvara: 2 s., 04.5.1997; Velingrad: 1 s., 17.4.1998. Phrydiuchus topiarus (Germar, 1824) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966a, 1979). Parethelcus pollinarius (Forster, 1771) = Ceuthorrhynchus pollinarius (Forster, 1771) Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1966a).
414
P. ANGELOV, K. METODIEV Hadroplontus trimaculatus (Fabricius, 1775) = Ceuthorrhynchus trimaculatus (Fabricius, 1775) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1966a, 1974). New data: Varvara: 1 s., 21.5.1999.
Coeliastes lamii (Fabricius, 1792) Asenovgrad, Bachkovo, Narechen (ANGELOV, 1966a). New data: Varvara: 1 s., 04.5.1997; 1 †; 28.6.1997. Nedyus quadimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) = Cidnorrhinus quadrimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961). New data: Varvara: 2 s., 21.07.1998; Kupena Reserve: Snezhanka locality, 4 s., 11.5.2003; Debrashtitsa: 1 s., 21.5.2003. * Datonychus melanostictus (Marsham, 1802) New data: Varvara: 1 s., 04.5.1997. Thamiocolus signatus (Gyllenhal, 1837) = Ceuthorrhynchus signatus Gyllenhal, 1837 Asenovgrad (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986; ANGELOV, 1966b, 1974, 1979). Mogulones abbreviatulus (Fabricius, 1792) = Ceuthorrhynchus abbreviatulus (Fabricius, 1792) Byala Cherkva Locality (ANGELOV, 1966b). Mogulones amplipenis (Schultze, 1896) = Ceuthorrhynchus amplipenis Schultze, 1896 Bachkovski monastery, Trigrad, Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1975b). Mogulones angulicollis (Schultze, 1896) = Ceuthorrhynchus angulicollis Schultze, 1896 Kukulyaka Sita, Persenk Hut, Persenk Summit, Zdravets Hut (ANGELOV, 1975b). New data: Samodivska Polyana PA: 1 † and 1 ‡, 30.8.2003, in grass in spruce forest. Mogulones asperifoliarum (Gyllenhal, 1813) = Ceuthorrhynchus asperifoliarum Sveta Petka (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986). Mogulones beckeri (Schultze, 1900) = Ceuthorrhynchus beckeri Schultze, 1900 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1966b, 1974). Mogulones crucifer (Pallas, 1771) = Ceuthorrhynchus cruciger (Herbst, 1784) Persenk Summit, Chudnite Mostove (= Erkyupria), Batak, Chepelare (ANGELOV, 1966a).
Weevils
415
Mogulones geographicus (Goeze, 1777) = Ceuthorrhynchus geographicus (Goeze, 1777) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1966b, 1974). Mogulones euphorbiae (C. Brisout, 1866) = Ceuthorrhynchus euphorbiae Brisout, 1866 Batak Dam, Chepelare (ANGELOV 1975b). Mogulones korbi (Schultze, 1901) = Ceuthorrhynchus korbi (Schultze, 1901) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1969). Mogulones larvatus (Schultze, 1896) = Ceuthorrhynchus larvatus Schultze, 1896 Belovo (ANGELOV, 1978b, 1979); Chepelare (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986) Mogulones pallidicornis (Gougelet & H. Brisout, 1860) = Ceuthorrhynchus pallidicornis Brisout, 1860 Trigrad, Ardashla Locality, Persenk Summit, Zdravets Hut (ANGELOV, 1975b). New data: Kupena Reserve: Gaitancha locality, 2 ††& 2 ‡‡, 21.5.2004. Mogulones venedicus (Weise, 1879) = Ceuthorrhynchus venedicus Weise, 1879 Narechenski Bani (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986). * Microplontus campestris (Gyllenhal, 1837) New data: Batak Dam: Danoto Locality, 1 s., 15.6.2003. Reported for the Rhodopes (ANGELOV, 1979) but without specific locality for the Western Rhodopes. Microplontus molitor (Gyllenhal, 1837) = Ceuthorrhynchus molitor Gyllenhal, 1837 Studenets Hut (ANGELOV, 1975b). Microplontus rugulosus (Herbst, 1795) = Ceuthorrhynchus chrysantemi Germar, 1824 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1975b). Microplontus triangulum (Boheman, 1845) = Ceuthorrhynchus triangulum Boheman, 1845 Asenovgrad (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986). Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer, 1801) = Ceuthorhynchidius horridus (Panzer, 1801) Asenovgrad (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986).
416
P. ANGELOV, K. METODIEV
* Trichosirocalus troglodytes (Fabricius, 1787) = Ceuthorrhynchidius troglodytes (Fabricius, 1787) New data: Velingrad: 1 s., 04.5.1997; Debrashtitsa: 1 s., 21.5.2003; 1 †, 12.5.2004. Common in the whole country up to 2000 m a.s.l. (ANGELOV, 1979) but without specific locality for the Western Rhodopes. Zacladus asperatus (Gyllenhal, 1837) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966, 1979); Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1979). New data: Debrashtitsa: Kochagov bair Hill, 1 s., 01.6.2003. Zacladus exiguus (Olivier, 1807) Asenovgrad, Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1964, 1966). New data: Debrashtitsa: Livadite Locality, 1 s., 21.5.2003. Zacladus geranii (Paykull, 1800) = Zacladus affinis (Paykull, 1792) Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1963a, 1964, 1966); Bratsigovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Persenk Summit (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966). Orobitis cyaneus (Linnaeus, 1758) Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1957); Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1964, 1966). Orobitis nigrinus Reitter, 1885 Studenets, Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1966). Coryssomerus capucinus (Beck, 1817) Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Velingrad: 1 s., 04.5.1997. Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus, 1763) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966). Baris atricolor Boheman, 1844 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Debrashtitsa: 2 s., 06.6.2003. Baris timida (Rossi, 1792) Markovo (ANGELOV, 1960a, 1966); Asgnovgrad, Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1964, 1966); Bachkovski Monastery (ANGELOV, 1960, 1964). Baris analis (Olivier, 1790) Markovo (ANGELOV, 1960a, 1964, 1966). Baris artemisiae (Herbst, 1795) Belovo (ANGELOV, 1966).
Weevils
417
Baris morio Boheman, 1844 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1964, 1966, 1980b). Baris laticollis (Marsham, 1802) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1960a, 1963a, 1964, 1966); Krichim (ANGELOV, 1960a, 1964, 1966). New data: Debrashtitsa: Kochagov Bair Hill, 2 s., 01.6.2003; on Quercus sp. Baris angusta Brullé, 1832 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1960a, 1963a, 1964, 1966, 1974). New data: Debrashtitsa: Kochagov bair Hill, 1 s., 11.5.2003, on Sisymbrium sp. Baris janthina Boheman, 1836 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1960a, 1963a, 1964, 1966); Bratsigovo (ANGELOV, 1960a, 1966); Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1966). Baris lepidii Germar, 1824 Belovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Baris picicornis (Marsham, 1802) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1966). Baris kiesenwetteri Faust, 1890 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966, 1980b). Baris villae Comolli, 1837 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966, 1980b). Limnobaris talbum (Linnaeus, 1758) = Limnobaris sculpturatum (Linnaeus, 1758) Batak Dam (ANGELOV, 1966). Balaninus elephas Gyllenhal, 1836 Markovo (ANGELOV, 1962a). Balaninus venosus (Gravenhort, 1807) Belovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Balaninus nucum (Linnaeus, 1758) Markovo (ANGELOV, 1962b, 1966); Ruen Hut (ANGELOV, 1966). Balaninus glandium (Marsham, 1802) Markovo (ANGELOV, 1962b, 1964, 1966); Byala Cherkva; Belovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Balaninus undulatus (Herbst, 1795) Belovo (ANGELOV, 1966, 1980b, 1981)
418
P. ANGELOV, K. METODIEV
* Balaninus pellitus Boheman, 1843 New data: Patalenitsa: 1 s., 02.5.1998, on Quercus sp. Reported for the Rhodopes (ANGELOV, 1980b) but without specific locality for the Western Rhodopes. Balanobius salicivorus (Paykul, 1792) Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1962b, 1966); Krichim (ANGELOV, 1962b) Balanobius pyrrhocerus (Marsham, 1802) Markovo (ANGELOV, 1962b, 1964, 1966); Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Topolovo (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Debrashtitsa: 2 s., 15.5.2003, on Quercus sp. Anthonomus pomorum (Linnaeus, 1758) Krichim (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Narechenski Bani (ANGELOV, 1966). Anthonomus piri Kollar, 1837 Asenovgrad, Markovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966). Anthonomus ulmi (Degeer, 1775) = Anthonomus inversus Bed. Markovo (DIECKMANN, 1968); Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961). New data: Varvara: 2 sp., 02.5.1998. Anthonomus rufus Gyllenhal, 1836 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1980b, 1981). Anthonomus rubi (Herbst, 1795) Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1966); Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966); Zdravets Hut, Peshtera, Batak, Bratsigovo, Amerikata, Mihalkovo, Boykovo, Velingrad, Manchov Chuchur Locality, Byala Cherkva, Bash Mandra, Persenk Hut, Yavorovo, Markovo, Perushtitsa (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Debrashtitsa: 1 sp., 21.5.2003. Anthonomus varians (Paykul, 1792) Goliam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Studenets Locality, Byala Cherkva, Bash Mandra Locality, Zdravets Hut, Batak Dam, Dospat, Yundola, Koprivkite (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Yundola: 3 sp., 17.4.1998; Batak Dam: 6 sp., 15.6.2003, on flowring Pinus sylvestris L. Anthonomus rubripes Gyllenhal, 1836 Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1963a, 1964, 1966); Bachkovski monastery, Markovo, Bratsigovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Zdravets Hut, Ravnishta Locality, Ruen Hut, Yavorovo, Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1966). Furcipes rectirostris (Linnaeus, 1758) Smolyan (CHORBADJIEV, 1940, 1940a; ANGELOV, 1980b).
Weevils
419
Brachonyx pineti (Paykul, 1792) Goliam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam) (ANGELOV, 1960, 1966); Koprivkite Locality, Byala Cherkva, Bash Mandra, Dospat, Yundola (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Yundola: 1 s., 01.6.1997. Bradybatus seriesetosus Petri, 1912 Ruen Hut, Bachkovo, Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1966); Bachkovo (= Baèka) (DIECKMANN, 1968). New data: Velingrad: 10 s., 25.5.1999; Varvara: 2 s., 19.2.2004, in leaf litter. * Bradybatus tomentosus Desbrochers, 1892 New data: Kupena Reserve: 1 s., 15.3.2005, in leaf litter. Elleschus scanicus (Paykul, 1792) Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1966). Sibinia subelliptica Desbrochers, 1873 Boykovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Sibinia phalerata Steven, 1829 Rakitovo, Novakovo, Bratsigovo, Bratsigovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Sibinia variata Gyllenhal, 1836 Mostovo (ANGELOV, 1976); Velingrad (CALDARA 1983/1984). Sibinia attalica Gyllenhal, 1836 Velingrad (ANGELOV, 1966). Sibinia vittata Germar, 1824 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1960; SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1963a, 1964, 1966); Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1960, 1964, 1966); Bratsigovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Peshtera, Novakovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Sibinia tibialis Gyllenhal, 1836 Asenovgrad (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986). Sibinia viscarie (Linnaeus, 1761) Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1963a, 1964, 1966); Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Yavorovo (ANGELOV, 1966). New Data: Kupena Reserve: 1 s., 17.6.2003; Peshtera: 1 s., 13.5.2004.. Xenotychius dalmatinus Penecke, 1922 = Tychius dalmatinus (Penecke, 1922) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1960, 1963a, 1964, 1966); Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1960, 1966); Markovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Narechenski Bani (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966).
420
P. ANGELOV, K. METODIEV
Aoromius quinquepunctatus (Linnaeus, 1758) = Tychius quinquepunctatus Asenovgrad (YOAKIMOV, 1904; SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966); Komuniga, Bachkovo, Hrabrino, Brartsigovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Tychius lineatus Stephens, 1831 Smolyan, Studenets Hut (ANGELOV, 1970b). Tychius tridentinus Penecke, 1822 Yavorovo, Hrabrino, Asenovgrad, Koprivkite Locality, Zdravets Hut (ANGELOV, 1970b). Tychius rufipenis Brisout, 1862 Asenovgrad (= Stanimaca) (FRANZ, 1942); Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961). Tychius grenieri Brisout, 1861 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1980b) Tychius subsulcatus Tournier, 1873 Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961). Tychius venustus (Fabricius, 1791) Trigrad (ANGELOV, 1980b). Tychius longulus Desbrochers, 1873 Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1974, 1980b). Tychius crassirostris Kirsch, 1871 Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1974). Tychius medicaginis Brisout, 1863 Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1974). Tychius micaceus Rey, 1895 Western Rhodopes (ANGELOV, 1980b). Tychius meliloti Stephens, 1831 Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961). Tychius lateralis Penecke, 1922 Markovo (ANGELOV, 1970b, 1980b). Miccotrogus cuprifer (Panzer, 1799) Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1957, 1966); Krichim (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1966); Hrabrino, Velingrad, Peshtera, Trigrad, Yundola, Rakitovo,
Weevils
421
Markovo, Smolyan, Kukulyaka Locality, Koprivkite Locality, Komuniga, Bachkovo, Narechenski Bani, Bratsigovo, Borino (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Yundola: 1 s., 01.6.1997. Miccotrogus picirostris (Fabricius, 1787) Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961). New data: Varvara: 1 s., 28.6.1997. Cionus alauda (Herbst, 1784) Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1966). Cionus tuberculosus (Scopoli, 1763) Byala Cherkva, Ardashla Locality, Mezar Gidik Locality, Persenk Summit, Chudnite Mostove (= Erkyupria), Progled, Chepelare, Smolyan, Smolyan (ANGELOV, 1966). Cionus scrophulariae (Linnaeus, 1758) Persenk Summit, Mezar Gidik Locality, Studenets Locality, Bycla Cherkva summer resort, Peshtera, Chehlyovo Forest House, Velingrad (ANGELOV, 1966). Cionus hortulanus (Geoffroy, 1795) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966); Komuniga, Asenovgrad, Studenets Locality, Byala Cherkva summer resort, Bash Mandra Locality, Persenk Hut, Boykovo, Smolyan, Peshtera, Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Velingrad (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Velingrad: 2 s., 21.8.1997, on Verbascum sp. Cionus schultzei Reitter, 1904 Novakovo, Velingrad (ANGELOV, 1966). Cionus galanus Angelov, 1978 Parvenets (ANGELOV, 1978) Cionus olivieri Rosenhauer, 1838 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1958, 1963a, 1966); Studenets Locality (ANGELOV, 1966). Cionus thapsi (Fabricius, 1792) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1958; SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961); Velingrad (ANGELOV, 1958); Krichim (ANGELOV, 1958, 1966). Cionus hypsibatus Wingelmüller, 1938 Persenk Hut, Kukulyaka Locality, Byala Cherkva summer resort, Ardashla Locality, Bash Mandra Locality, Persenk Hut, Chudnite mostove (= Erkyupria), Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam) (ANGELOV, 1966).
422
P. ANGELOV, K. METODIEV
Cionus pulverosus Gyllenhal, 1838 Narechenski Bani (ANGELOV, 1964; ANGELOV, 1966); Byala Cherkva summer resort, Yavorovo, Chudnite Mostove (= Erkyupria), Chepelare, Studenets Locality, Vasil Kolarov summer resort (ANGELOV, 1966). Cionus olens (Fabricius, 1792) Velingrad (ANGELOV, 1958, 1966); Peshtera, Ardashla Locality (ANGELOV, 1966). Cleopus solani (Fabricius, 1792) Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Belovo, Ardashla Locality, Persenk Hut, Chudnite Mostove Hut (= Erkyupria), Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Nanophyes annulatus Arag, 1830 Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1957, 1959). Nanophyes hemisphaericus (Olivier, 1807) Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1957, 1959); Yavorovo (ANGELOV, 1980b). Nanophyes smreczynskii Dieckmann, 1963 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1980b). Nanophyes nitidulus Gyllenhal, 1838 Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961). Mecinus collaris Germar, 1821 Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam) (ANGELOV, 1966); Progled, Trigrad (ANGELOV, 1971). Mecinus janthinus (Germar, 1817) Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1966, 1971); Belovo, Brtsigovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Mecinus pyraster (Herbst, 1795) Ravnishta Locality, Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Yavorovo, Zdravets Hut, Hrabrino, Amerikata, Tamrash, Bratsigovo, Peshtera, Velingrad (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Varvara: 1 s., 04.5.1997. Mecinus circulatus (Marsham, 1802) Asenovgrad, Markovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Yavorovo, Kaloyanovo, Sitovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Gymnetron pirazzolii (Stierlin, 1867) Asenovgrad, Bachkovski monastery (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966).
Weevils
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Gymnetron labiie (Herbst, 1795) Markovo, Hrabrino (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1966). Gymnetron pascuorum Gyllenhal, 1827 Asenovgrad, Komuniga, Bachkovo, Rakitovo, Peshtera, Velingrad, Bratsigovo, Markovo, Novakovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Gymnetron rostellum (Herbst, 1795) Komuniga, Persenk Summit (ANGELOV, 1966). Gymnetron melanarium (Germar, 1821) Asenovgrad, Markovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Komuniga, Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Persenk Hut, Manchov Chuchur Locality (ANGELOV, 1966). Gymnetron beccabungae (Linnaeus, 1761) Bachkovo, Hrabrino (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Tamrash (ANGELOV, 1966). Gymnetron asellus (Gravenhorst, 1807) Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Bachkovo, Ruen Hut, Yavorovo, Studenets Locality, Chepelare, Persenk Hut, Chudnite Mostove (= Erkyupria), Markovo, Sitovo, Krichim, Peshtera, Velingrad (ANGELOV, 1966). Gymnetron amictum (Germar, 1821) Velingrad (ANGELOV, 1980, 1980b). Gymnetron tetrum (Fabricius, 1792) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Novakovo, Narechenski Bani, Bachkovo, Krichim, Parvenets, Markovo, Chudnite Mostove (= Erkyupria), Chepelare, Studenets Locality, Teshel, Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1966). Gymnetron herbarum Brisout, 1862 Asenovgrad (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986). Gymnetron antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966; FREMUTH, 1972); Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Velingrad (ANGELOV, 1966). Gymnetron smreczynskii Fremuth, 1972 Velingrad, Narechen (ANGELOV, 1980b). Gymnetron netum (Germar, 1821) Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Bratsigovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Velingrad (ANGELOV, 1966).
424
P. ANGELOV, K. METODIEV Gymnetron bipustulatum (Rossi, 1794) Velingrad, Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1966). Gymnetron linariae (Panzer, 1795) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966, 1980b). Gymnetron melas Boheman, 1838 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966, 1980b).
Miarus campanulae (Linnaeus, 1767) Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1963a, 1964, 1966); Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1964); Hrabrino, Markovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Peshtera, Sitovo, Trigrad, Smolyan (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Kupena Reserve: 1 s., 12.5.2003. Miarus monticola Petri, 1912 Bash Mandra Locality, Studenets Locality, Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Byala Cherkva summer resort, Tamrash, Persenk Hut, Rakitovo, Yundola Locality, Rakitovo (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Kupena Reserve: 5 s., 01.6.2003, on flowers of different plants. Miarus medius Desbrochers, 1893 Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1963a, 1964, 1966; PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986); Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1964, 1966); Markovo, Hrabrino (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Peshtera, Rakitovo, Komuniga (ANGELOV, 1966); Narechenski Bani (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986). New data: Peshtera: 4 †† & 1 ‡, 13.5.2004, on Campanula lingulata W. et K. Miarus distinctus Boheman, 1845 Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961). Miarus longirostris Gyllenhal, 1838 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1964, 1966); Trigrad, Markovo, Byala Cherkva, Studenets Locality (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966). Miarus micros (Germar, 1824) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1969). Miarus meridionalis (Brisout, 1862) Asenovgrad, Bachkovo (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986). Miarus plantarum (Germar, 1824) Asenovgrad, Markovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966). Miarus balcanicus Desbrochers, 1893 Velingrad, Ardashla Locality (Smolyan district) (ANGELOV, 1969).
Weevils
425
* Miarus fuscopubens Reitter, 1907 New data: Debrashtitsa: 1 s., 29.5.2004. Orchestes quercus (Linnaeus, 1758) = Rhynchaenus quercus (Linnaeus, 1758) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966); Topolovo (ANGELOV, 1966); Devin, Bachkovo (BEIGER, 1979). Orchestes rufus (Schrank, 1781) = Rhynchenus rufus (Schrank, 1781) Varvara (BEIGER, 1979). Orchestes saltator (Geoffroy, 1785) = Rhynchenus saltator (Geoffroy, 1785) Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1964, 1966); Markovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1966). New data: Varvara: 1 s., 17.4.1998. Orchestes sparsus Fahraeus, 1843 = Rhynchenus sparsus (Fahraeus, 1843) Markovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Topolovo, Belovo, Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1966). Orchestes fagi (Linnaeus, 1758) = Rhynchenus fagi (Linnaeus, 1758) Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966; BEIGER, 1979); Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam), Ardashla Locality, Smolyan, Persenk Hut, Bash Mandra Locality, Ruen Hut, Chudnite Mostove (= Erkyupria), Zdravets, Koprivkite Locality, Studenets, Trigrad (ANGELOV, 1966); Dedovo (BEIGER, 1979). New data: Kupena reserve: 3 s., 17.6.2003, in leaf litter; 4 s., 09.7.2003 in leaf litter. Orchestes alni (Linnaeus, 1758) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1969); Bachkovo (BEIGER, 1979). New data: Varvara: 1 s., 08.3.1998; 1 s., 12.4.1998; 1s., 17.4.1998; 1 s., 02.5.1998; 6 s., 15.6.1998. Orchestes avellanae (Donov, 1797) = Rhynchenus avellanae (Donov, 1797) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Markovo (ANGELOV, 1964); Topolovo, Novakovo, Asenovgrad, Bash Mandra Locality, Kukulyaka Locality, Koprivkite Locality (ANGELOV, 1966). Orchestes salicis (Linnaeus, 1758) = Rhynchenus salicis (Linnaeus, 1758) Byala Cherkva resort (ANGELOV, 1966). Orchestes decoratus Germar, 1824 = Rhynchenus decoratus (Germar, 1824) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Velingrad (ANGELOV, 1966).
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P. ANGELOV, K. METODIEV Orchestes populi (Fabricius, 1792) = Rhynchenus populi (Fabricius, 1792) Narechenski Bani (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Ustovo, Velingrad, Batak (ANGELOV, 1966). Orchestes saliceti (Paykull, 1792) = Rhynchenus saliceti (Paykull, 1792) Ustovo, Sitovo (ANGELOV, 1966). Orchestes angelovi (Dieckmann, 1970) = Rhynchenus angelovi Dieckmann, 1970 Byala Cherkva, Kukuliaka Locality, Chepelare, Batak Dam, Persenk (DIECKMANN 1970). Orchestes ermischi (Dieckmann, 1958) = Rhynchenus ermischi Dieckmann, 1958 Asenovgrad (= Stenimaka) (DIECKMANN, 1963); Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1980b).
Orchestes horioni (Dieckmann, 1958) = Rhynchaenus horioni Dieckmann, 1958 Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; DIECKMANN, 1963); South of Plovdiv (BEHNE, 1986). Orchestes michalki (Dieckmann, 1963) = Rhynchenus michalki Dieckmann, 1963 Velingrad (ANGELOV, 1980b). Orchestes testaceus (Müller, 1776) Devin (BEIGER, 1979). Rhamphus pulicarius (Herbst, 1795) Markovo, Hrabrino, Bratsigovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966). Rhamphus oxyacanthae Marsham, 1802 Bratsigovo (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Ustovo; Trigrad, Teshel, Velingrad (ANGELOV, 1966). Kyklioacalles suturatus (Dieckmann, 1983) Chepelare (STÜBEN et al., 2001). Echinodera valida (Hampe, 1864) = Acalles validus (Hampe, 1864) Sveta Petka (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986); Sveta Petka (= Petka), Bachkovo, Boina ?, Hrabrino, Batak Dam, Kostandovo, Krichim (STÜBEN et al., 2001). Echinodera behnei Stüben, 1998 Asenova Krepost, 17 km North East of Velingrad, Velingrad, Lepenitsa, Golyamo Belovo, Dedovo, Bachkovo, 15 km South of Asenovgrad, Krichim, Dobrostan Mts,
Weevils
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Radjuva Planina (STÜBEN et al., 2001). New data: Kupena Reserve: 2 s., 17.6.2003, in leaf litter; 3s., 01.8.2003 in leaf litter; Snezhanka Locality, 1 s., 15.3.2005 in leaf litter, in beech and oak forest. Acalles ganglbaueri A. & F. Solari, 1907 17 km North East of Velingrad, Golyamo Belovo, 15 km South of Asenovgrad (STÜBEN et al., 2003). New data: Kupena Reserve: 1 sp., 17.6.2003, in leaf litter, deciduous wood; 1 sp., 26.2.2004, near Peshtera hydroelectric power-plant in leaf litter mainly of beech and less hornbeam, lime and oak; 1 †, Snezhanka Locality, 15.3.2005, in leaf litter - mainly oak less beech. Acalles echinatus (Germar 1824) 15 km South of Asenovgrad (STÜBEN et al., 2003). Acallocrates colonnellii Bahr, 2003 Lepenitsa, Golyamo Belovo (STÜBEN et al., 2003). * Ruteria hypocrita (Boheman, 1837) New data: Kupena Reserve: 1 s., 09.7.2003, in beech leaf litter; Snezhanka Locality, 1 ‡, 15.3.2005, in leaf litter in oak – beech forest; near Rozovo, 1 †, 25.3.2005, in leaf litter in beech forest. Trachodes hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758) Chepelare (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986). Sharpia soluta Faust, 1885 Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961); Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1966); Bachkovski monastery (ANGELOV, 1964, 1980b). Smicronyx smreczynskii Solari, 1952 Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1970a, 1980b). Smicronyx nebulosus Tournier, 1874 Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961). Smicronyx coecus (Reich, 1797) Narechenski Bani (PETRYSZAK & MAZUR, 1986). Pachytychius sparsutus (Olivier, 1807) Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1963a, 1964, 1966; CALDARA, 1978); Hrabrino (ANGELOV, 1964, 1966); Belovo (ANGELOV, 1966). * Dorytomus longimanus (Forster, 1771) New data: Varvara: 1 s., 17.4.1998. Reported for the Rhodopes (ANGELOV, 1980b) but without specific locality for the Western Rhodopes.
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P. ANGELOV, K. METODIEV Dorytomus filirostris (Gyllenhal, 1835) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1963a, 1966a, 1975, 1980b, 1981a). Dorytomus taeniatus (Fabricius, 1781) Zdravets Hut (ANGELOV, 1969). Dorytomus melanophtalmus (Paykull, 1792) Teshel, Ustovo (ANGELOV, 1964a). Anthribidae
Platyrrhinus resinosus Scopoli, 1763 Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1965/1966). New data: Kupena Reserve: Kupena Summit, 1 s., 21.05.2004, in burnt out area. Tropideres marchicus (Herbst, 1797) Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963c, 1965/1966, 1972a). Tropideres niveirostris (Fabricius, 1798) Belovo (ANGELOV, 1972a). * Platystomus albinus (Linnaeus, 1758) New data: Kupena Reserve: 1 s., 09.6.2003, in leaf litter. New for the Rhodopes. Anthribus fasciatus Förster, 1771 Markovo (ANGELOV, 1965/1966); Bachkovo (ANGELOV, 1963c, 1965/1966). Anthribus nebulosus Förster, 1771 Persenk, Chudnite Mostsve (= Erkyupria), Beglika (Angelov, 1965/1966); Golyam Beglik Dam (= Vasil Kolarov Dam) (Angelov, 1963c). Brenthidae Amorphocephalus coronatus (Germar, 1817) Belovo (ANGELOV, 1965/1966, 1981b; SCHEDL, 1970 after ANGELOV, 1966). Rhinomaceridae Rhinomacer attelaboides Fabricius, 1787 Hvoina (ANGELOV, 1965; 1965/1966). Attelabidae Lasiorhynchites cavifrons (Gyllenhal, 1833) Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1964c, 1972a).
Weevils
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Pselaphorhynchites tomentosus (Gyllenhal, 1839) = Coenorrhinus tomentosus (Gyllenhal, 1839) Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961); Markovo, Hrabrino (ANGELOV, 1964c, 1964d); Knizhovnik (ANGELOV, 1964c). Pselaphorhynchites longiceps (Thompson, 1888) Markovo (ANGELOV, 1978b). Pselaphorhynchites nanus (Paykull, 1792) Hrabrino (ANGELOV, 1978b). Coenorhinus germanicus (Herbst, 1797) Asenovgrad, Bachkovo, Markovo (ANGELOV, 1964c, 1964d); Yavorovo, Tamrash, Peshtera, Rakitovo, Persenk Hut (ANGELOV, 1964c). Coenorhinus aequatus (Linnaeus, 1767) = Rhynchites aequatus L. Asenovgrad (BALEVSKI & FELBINGER, 1943; ANGELOV, 1964c); Ustovo (ANGELOV, 1964c). Homalorhynchites hungaricus (Füssly, 1784) Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1961). Homalorhynchites aethiops (Bach, 1854) Asenovgrad (SMRECZYNSKI & CMOLUCH, 1961; ANGELOV, 1964c, 1964d); Yavorovo, Batak Dam (ANGELOV, 1964c). Rhynchites auratus (Scopoli, 1763) Kuklen (ZHELEV, 1948). Rhynchites bacchus (Linnaeus, 1758) Markovo (ANGELOV, 1964c, 1964d); Asenovgrad (CHORBADJIEV, 1927; BALEVSKI & FELBINGER, 1943; ANGELOV, 1964c). Byctiscus betulae (Linnaeus, 1758) Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1961); Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1964c). Attelabus nitens (Scopoli, 1763) Markovo (ANGELOV, 1961, 1964c, 1964d); Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1961, 1964c); Krichim, Parvenets, Asenovgrad (ANGELOV, 1964c, 1964d). Attelabus sulcifrons (Argod, 1895) Markovo (ANGELOV, 1961, 1964c, 1964d). Apoderus coryli (Linnaeus, 1758) Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1961); Trigrad (ANGELOV, 1964c).
430
P. ANGELOV, K. METODIEV Endemic species
The total number of Bulgarian endemic species is 24 or 4,5 % of all species, which is around the average for the country – 4, 65 % (ANGELOV, 1976a). Total endemic species (Bulgarian and Balkan) are 48 or 9, 0 % of all species determined for the Western Rhodopes. The list of endemic species is presented below. The following five species are Rhodopean endemic species: Argoptochus markovensis Angelov, 1987 Otiorrhynchus trigradus Angelov, 1974 Otiorrhynchus cepelarus Angelov, 1974 Rhinomias bulgaricus Angelov, 1990 Trachyphloeus alens Angelov, 1980 The next 19 species are Bulgarian endemics: Alophus rodopensis Reitter, 1912 Ceuthorrhynchus rhodopensis Dieckmann, 1969 Cionus hypsibatus Wingelmüller, 1938 Mylacus bulgaricus Purkyne, 1949 Nanophyes smreczynskii Dieckmann, 1963 Orchestes angelovi (Dieckmann, 1970) Otiorrhynchus annulipes Apfelbeck, 1932 Otiorrhynchus bohemani Stierlin, 1877 Otiorrhynchus bureschi Apfelbeck, 1932 Otiorrhynchus caviventris Angelov, 1973 Otiorrhynchus demirkapensis Apfelbeck, 1899 Otiorrhynchus parreyssi Stierlin, 1861 Otiorrhynchus rhilensis Stierlin, 1888 Otiorrhynchus serdicanus Apfelbeck, 1922 Phyllobius bulgaricus Apfelbeck, 1899 Phyllobius rhodopensis Apfelbeck, 1898 Plinthus sturmi ssp bulgaricus Meregalli, 1985 Polydrosus sciaphiliformis Apfelbeck 1899 Trachyphloeus suomalaineni Petryszak, 1990 The next 24 species are Balkan endemics: Apion rhodopensis Angelov, 1961 Auchmerestes kiesenwetteri Kraatz, 1862 Cionus galanus Angelov, 1978 Metacinops rhinomacer Kraatz, 1862 Miarus balcanicus Desbrochers, 1893 Mylacus pustulatus Seidlitz, 1868
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Orchestes michalki (Dieckmann, 1963) Otiorrhynchus albidus Stierlin, 1861 Otiorrhynchus aurosignatus Apfelbeck, 1899 Otiorrhynchus gemmatus (Scopoli, 1763) Otiorrhynchus juglandis Apfelbeck, 1896 Otiorrhynchus merkli Stiertlin, 1880 Otiorrhynchus serbicus Apfelbeck, 1922 Otiorrhynchus sorbivorus Reiter, 1913 Otiorrhynchus splendidus Reitter, 1913 Otiorrhynchus zebei Stierlin, 1861 Phyllobius pinicola Kiesenwetter, 1864 Polydrosus elegans Reitter, 1887 Polydrosus thalassinus Gyllenhal, 1834 Psalidium concinum Faust, 1890 Trachyphloeus bosnicus Apfelbeck, 1898 Trachyphloeus ypsilon Seidlitz, 1868 Tychius lateralis Penecke, 1922 Xenotychius dalmatinus Penecke, 1922
Conservation For the time being there are no weevil species protected by Bulgarian law. There are neither weevils included in the Appendices of EU Directive 92/43 or in other EU legislative documents. From a conservation point of view the first thing which should to be taken into consideration is the endemic species, the Rhodopean and Bulgarian ones in particular. They need to be studied in detail in terms of their biology and distribution, and to be included in the Appendices 2 and 3 of the Bulgarian biodiversity law. It is also necessary to create protected areas and protected zones for conservation of their populations.
Conclusion Due to the long studies carried out by the first author the fauna of the weevils in the Western Rhodopes is comparatively well studied although new species will yet be discovered - for instance weevil species living in leaf litter. The five hundred and thirty-three species of weevils determined during this study represent about half of the amount of weevil species in the country. In this sense the large number of endemic species shows the wealth of the fauna of the Western Rhodopes in terms of weevils. At this stage of the study it can be concluded that the Western Rhodopean fauna is among the richest in Bulgaria. Acknowledgements K. Metodiev is grateful to his wife Ralitsa Metodieva for her understanding and assistance. He would also like to thank Gergana Shishinyova – chief of RIEW Pazardzhik, and Panayot Dalakchiev, head of the Environmental Control Department, for their full support.
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P. ANGELOV, K. METODIEV References
ANGELOV P. 1957. Beitrag zur Untersuchung der Curculionidae - Familie in Bulgarien – Bull. Inst. Zool., 6: 519 - 538 (in Bulgarian, summary in German). ANGELOV P. 1958. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der bulgarishen Arten der Tribus Cionini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). - Koleopt. Rundschau, 36: 48-51. ANGELOV P. 1959. Beitrag zur Klarung des Artbestandes und der Verbreitung der Unterfamilie Apioninae (Curculionidae Coleoptera). - ? (In Bulgarian, summary in German). ANGELOV P. 1960. Neue Arten Curculionidae (Coleopt.) für die Fauna Bulgariens - Bull. Inst. Zool., 9: 355 - 358 (in Bulgarian, summary in German). ANGELOV P. 1960a. Uebersicht der Baridini-Arten in Bulgarien. - Kol. Rundschau, 37/38: 4-9. ANGELOV P. 1961. Beitrag zur Untersuchung der Familien Bruchelidae und Attelabidae (Coleoptera) in Bulgarien - Bull. Inst. Zool., 10: 367 - 371 (In Bulgarian, summary in German). ANGELOV P. 1962. Apion (Omphalapion) rhodopensis n.sp. - eine neue Curculionidenart in Bulgarien. - CR Acad. Bulg. Sci., 15 (2): 199-202. ANGELOV P. 1962a. Zur Kenntnis der bulgarishen Arten der Tribus Balanini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) Fragm. Balcanica, 4 (18) (102): 139 - 143. ANGELOV P. 1963. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der bulgarischen Arten der Tribus Cleonini (Curculionidae, Coleoptera). - Koleopt. Rundschau, 40/41. ANGELOV P. 1963a. Zur Oekologie der Curculioniden im Bereich von Plovdiv (Bulgarien) - Entomol. Abhandl., 29 (8): 493 - 518. ANGELOV P. 1963b. Neue Rüsselkäferarten (Curculionidae, Coleoptera) für die Fauna Bulgarians. - Works of the Higher pedagogical institute - Plovdiv, 1(2): 65 - 67. ANGELOV P. 1963c. Arten der Familie Anthribidae (Coleoptera) in Bulgarien - Bulletin de L’Institut de Zoologie et Musée, 13: 137 - 141 (in Bulgarian, summary in German). ANGELOV P. 1964. Rüsselkäfer (Curculionidae, Coleoptera) aus der Thrakischen Tiefebene und einigen angrenzenden Gebieten. - Fauna Thrakiens, 1: 247-296 (in Bulgarian, summary in German). ANGELOV P. 1964a. Neue Curculionidaearten für die Fauna Bulgariens. - Travaux scientifiques de l’Ecole normale supérieure - Plovdiv, 11(2): 81-82. ANGELOV P. 1964b. Über die Arten des Tribus Magdalini (Curculionidae, Coleoptera) in Bulgarien - Travaux scientifiques de l’Ecole normale supérieure - Plovdiv, 2(1): 103 - 106. ANGELOV P. 1964c. Die Attelabidae Bulgariens (Coleoptera) - Entomologische Abhandlungen, 29 (12): 627 648. ANGELOV P. 1964d. Coleoptera aus der Thrakischen Tiefebene und einigen angrenzenden Gebieten - Fauna Thrakiens, 1: 307-324 (In Bulgarian, summary in German). ANGELOV P. 1965. Eine neue Coleopteren - Familie für die Fauna Bulgariens - Travaux scientifiques de l’Ecole normale supérieure - Plovdiv, 3(1): 30 - 31 (in Bulgarian, summary in German). ANGELOV P. 1965/1966. Die bulgarischen Arten der Familien Anthribidae, Rhinomaceridae und Brenthidae - Koleopterologische Rundschau, 43/44: 5-8. ANGELOV P. 1966. Untersuchungen über die Rüsselkäferfauna (Curculionidae, Coleoptera) in den Rhodopen. - Bull. Inst. zool. mus., 21: 15 - 63 (in Bulgarian, summary in German). ANGELOV P. 1966a. IV Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Coleopteren Fauna in Rodopi-Gebirgen. Neue Curculioniden aus Rodopi-Gebirgen (Curculionidae, Coleoptera). - Université de Plovdiv, Travaux scientifiques, 4(1): 129 - 132 (in Bulgarian, summary in German). ANGELOV P. 1966b. Neue Curculioniden-Gattungen und Arten für die Fauna Bulgariens. - Université de Plovdiv, Travaux scientifiques, 4(1): 133 - 137 (in Bulgarian, summary in German). ANGELOV P. 1968. Neue und seltene für Bulgarien Rüsselkäferarten der Gattung Apion (Curculionidae, Col.). - Natura, 2 (Plovdiv): 101-102 ANGELOV P. 1968a. Zwei bis jetzt für die Fauna Bulgariens unbekannte Rüsselkäfergattungen Curculionidae, Coleoptera. - Natura (Plovdiv), 2(1): 103 - 104. ANGELOV P. 1968b. Über die Arten Otiorrhynchus lithanthracius Boh. und O. krüperi Strl. und einige ihrer Varietäten - Travaux scientifiques de l’Ecole normale supérieure - Plovdiv, 6(1): 165 - 172 (in Bulgarian, summary in German). ANGELOV P. 1969. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Coleopteren-Fauna in Rodopi-Gebirge. Neue Curculionidae für die Fauna Bulgariens. - Université de Plovdiv, Travaux scientifiques, 7 (1): 165 - 167.
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ANGELOV P. 1970. Über die Arten der Gattung Otiorrhynchus Germ. (Curculionidae, Coleoptera) in Bulgarien. - Bull. Inst. zool. mus., 31: 211 - 267 (in Bulgarian, summary in German). ANGELOV P. 1970a. Über einige neue für die Fauna Bulgariens Rüsselkäfer (Curc. Coleoptera). - Natura (Plovdiv), 3 (1): 139 - 141. ANGELOV P. 1970b. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der bulgarishen Tychius - Arten (Curculionidae, Coleoptera) - Travaux scientifiques de l’école normale supérieure - Plovdiv, 8(2): 169 - 171 (in Bulgarian, summary in German). ANGELOV P. 1971. Mecinus - Arten Bulgariens mit Beschreibung einer neuen Art. - Natura (Plovdiv), 4(1): 115 - 120. ANGELOV P. 1972. Über die Arten der Gattung Phyllobius (Curc., Col.). - Travaux scientifiques - Biologie, Université de Plovdiv, 10(1): 139 - 154 (in Bulgarian, summary in German). ANGELOV P. 1972a. Liste der Rüsselkäfer in Bulgarien (Rhynchophora, Coleoptera) - Travaux scientifiques Biologie, Université de Plovdiv, 10(3): 125 - 137 (in Bulgarian, summary in German). ANGELOV P. 1973. [List of species end distribution of the weevils in Bulgaria (Rhynchophora, Coleoptera), part II]. - Travaux scientifiques de l’Ecole normale supérieure - Plovdiv, 11(1) - Biologie: 145 - 164 (in Bulgarian). ANGELOV P. 1973a. [List of species end distribution of the weevils in Bulgaria (Rhynchophora, Coleoptera), part III] - Travaux scientifiques de l’Ecole normale supérieure - Plovdiv, 11(2) - Biologie: 127 - 146 (in Bulgarian). ANGELOV P. 1973b. Otiorrhynchus (Dorymerus) caviventris spec. nov. aus Bulgarien. (Curculionidae, Coleoptera) - Natura, Université de Plovdiv, 6(1):131 - 132. ANGELOV P. 1973c. Einige unbekannte Rüsselkäfer für die Bulgariens Fauna (Curculionidae, Coleoptera) Travaux scientifiques - Biologie, Université de Plovdiv, 11 (5): 87 - 89 (in Bulgarian, summary in German). ANGELOV P. 1974. [List of species end distribution of the weevils in Bulgaria (Rhynchophora, Coleoptera), part IV] - Travaux scientifiques de l’Ecole normale supérieure - Plovdiv, 11 (2) - Biologie: 45 - 125 (in Bulgarian). ANGELOV P. 1974b. Otiorrhynchus (Dorymerus) trigradus sp. n. aus Bulgarien. - Reichenbachia, 15 (12): 85 - 87. ANGELOV P. 1974c. Zwei neue Otiorrhynchus - Arten aus Bulgarien (Curculionidae, Coleoptera) - Comptes rendus de l’ Académie bulgare des Sciences, 27 (5): 685 - 687. ANGELOV P. 1975. Liste der Rüsselkäfer Bulgariens (Curculionidae, Coleoptera), part V - Travaux scientifiques de l’Ecole normale supérieure - Plovdiv, 13(4) - Biologie: 75 - 118 (in Bulgarian - summary in German). ANGELOV P. 1975a. Neue und seltene Curuculionidae (Col.) für die Fauna Bulgariens - Travaux scientifiques - Biologie, Université de Plovdiv, 13(4): 119 - 121 (in Bulgarian, summary in German). ANGELOV P. 1975b. Unbekannte Ceutorrhynchus Arten für die Fauna Bulgariens (Curculionidae, Coleoptera) Travaux scientifiques - Biologie, Université de Plovdiv, 13 (4): 123 - 126 (in Bulgarian, summary in German). ANGELOV P. 1976. Neue Angaben für die bulgarische Arten der Gattung Sibinia (Curculionidae, Col.). - Travaux scientifiques - Biologie, Université de Plovdiv, 14(4): 171 - 173 (in Bulgarian, summary in German). ANGELOV P. 1976a. Fauna Bulgarica 5, Coleoptera, Curculionidae (part I - Apioninae, Otiorrhynchinae): 1 - 356 (in Bulgarian). ANGELOV P. 1976b. Unbekannten Curculioniden - Arten für die Fauna Bulgariens (Coleoptera). - Travaux scientifiques - Biologie, Université de Plovdiv, 14(4): 175 - 178. ANGELOV P. 1978. Eine neue Art der Gattung Cionus Clairville (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). - Acta zool. bulg., 10: 68 - 70. ANGELOV P. 1978a. Fauna Bulgarica 7, Coleoptera, Curculionidae (part II - Brachyderinae, Brachycerinae, Tanymecinae, Cleoninae, Curculioninae, Myorrhininae): 1 - 356 (in Bulgarian). ANGELOV P. 1978b. Unbekannte Anthribiden und Attelabus Arten (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) für die Fauna Bulgariens - Travaux scientifiques - Biologie, Université de Plovdiv, 16 (4): 97 - 163 (In Bulgarian, summary in German). ANGELOV P. 1979. Fauna Bulgarica 9, Coleoptera, Curculionidae (part III - Calandrinae - 1): 1 - 261 (in Bulgarian). ANGELOV P. 1980. Species unknown in Bulgarian Fauna (Curculionidae, Coleoptera) - Travaux scientifiques - Biologie, Université de Plovdiv, 15(4): 175 - 178. ANGELOV P. 1980a. Neue Angaben über die bulgarishen Trachyphloeus - Arten, mit Beschreibung einer neuen Art. - Reichenbachia, 18(6): 51 - 53. ANGELOV P. 1980b. Fauna Bulgarica 10, Coleoptera, Curculionidae (part IV - Calandrinae - 2): 5 - 302 (in Bulgarian). ANGELOV P. 1981. Rüsselkäfer auf Bäumen und Sträuchen aus Südbulgarien (Curculionidae, Coleoptera) Travaux scientifiques - Biologie, Université de Plovdiv, 19(4): 141 - 159 (in Bulgarian, summary in German). ANGELOV P. 1981a. Rüsselkäfer auf Bäumen aus Südbulgarien (Curculionidae, Coleoptera), Teil III. Travaux scientifiques, Biologie, Université de Plovdiv, 19(4): 161 - 172 (in Bulgarian, summary in German).
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ANGELOV P. 1981b. Fauna Bulgarica 11, Coleoptera, Rhynchophora (Urodonidae, Anthribidae, Brentidae, Rhinomaceridae, Attelabidae: 1 - 112 (In Bulgarian). ANGELOV P. 1987. Die bulgarischen Argoptochus - Arten, mit Beschreibung zweier neuer Spezies (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). - Reichenbachia, 24(14): 110 - 114. ANGELOV P. 1988. Unbekannte Rüsselkäfer Arten für die Fauna Bulgariens (Curc., Coleoptera) - Travaux scientifiques, Biologie, Université de Plovdiv, 26(6): 139 - 141 (In Bulgarian, summary in German). ANGELOV P. 1990. Rhinomias bulgaricus sp. n. eine Rüsselkäferart aus Bulgarien (Insecta, Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Otiorhynchinae). - Reichenbachia, 27(31): 173 - 174. APFELBECK V. 1899. Zur Kenntnis der Paläaktischen Curculionidae, I. Otiorrhynchini et Brachyderini Wiss. Mitt. aus Bosnien und Herzegovina, 6 (Wien). APFELBECK V. 1915. Revizija vrsta Phyllobius (Coleoptera) - Fauna insectorum balcanica: 219 - 252. APFELBECK V. 1922. Sur les parents du Otiorrhynchus ovatus L. appartenant à la faune balcanique. (Col.) Glasnik de la Société des sciences naturelles croate, 34(1): 17 - 21. APFELBECK V. 1932. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der bulgarischen Curculioniden (Col.). I. - Mitteilungen aus den Königlichen naturwissenschaftlichen Inst., Sofia, 5: 153 - 161. BALEVSKI, À. & H. FELBINGER. 1943. In large numbers of appearance of some orchard pests in Bulgaria in 1943 – Spisanie na zemedelskite izpitatelni instituti v Bulgaria, 13( 3/4). BEHNE L. 1986. Beitrag zur Faunistik der Rüsselkäfer Bulgariens (Coleoptera - Curculionidae). - Beitr. Ent. Berlin, 39: 319 - 341. BEHNE L. 1989. Revision der Chlorophanus viridis - Gruppe (Insecta, Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Otiorhynchinae). - Reichenbachia, 26(21): 119 - 124. BEIGER M. 1979. Materials to the knowledge of mining insects of Bulgaria - Bulletin entomologique de Pologne, 49: 485 - 534. (In Polish, summary in English). BOROVEC R. & M. KOSTAL. 1987. Bemerkungen über drei europäische Rüsselkäferarten (Inscta, Coleoptera, Curculionidae) - Faunistische Abhandlungen, 14(12): 167 - 172. BURESCH I., A. LAZAROV. 1956. [Pest insects in agricultural and forestry in Bulgaria] – Trudove na Zoologicheskia institut, 5: 3 – 291 (in Bulgarian). CALDARA R. 1978. Revisione dei Pachytychius Paleartici - Memorie della Società entomologica Italiana, 56: 131 - 216. CALDARA R. 1983/1984. Revisione delle Sibinia Paleartiche (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) - Mem. Soc. ent. ital., 62/63: 24 - 105. CHORBADJIEV P. 1925. [Ascertained animal pests on cultivated plants in Bulgaria in 1924] – Izvestiya na zemedelieto, 6 (4/6): 4-19 (in Bulgarian). CHORBADJIEV P. 1926. [The pests on the cultivated plants in Bulgaria in 1925] – Izvestiya na zemedelieto, 7(2): 20-68 (in Bulgarian). CHORBADJIEV P. 1927. [The pests on the cultivated plants in Bulgaria in 1927]– Izvestiya na zemedelieto, 10(3/4): 3-59 (in Bulgarian). CHORBADJIEV P. 1929. [The pests on the cultivated plants in Bulgaria in 1927] - Izvestiya na zemedelieto, 10(3/4): 3-59. (in Bulgarian). CHORBADJIEV P. 1930. [Report of enthomological station at State Agricultural research station in Sofia for 1927and 1928] – Godishen otchet na Darzhavnata zemedelska opitna stancia in Sofia for 1927 and 1928 (in Bulgarian). CHORBADJIEV P. 1940. [Materials on pest insects and other pests on cultivated plants in Bulgaria] - Izvestia na balgarskoto entomologichesko druzhestvo, 11: 43-64 (in Bulgarian). CHORBADJIEV P. 1940a. [Announcement on the pest insects] – Izvestia na balgarskoto entomologichesko druzhestvo, 11: 259-260 (in Bulgarian). COLONNELLI E. 2004. Catalogue of Ceutorhynchinae of the World, with a key to genera (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) - Argania edito, Barcelona, 124 pp. DIECKMANN L. 1963. Die palaearktischen Arten der Untergattung Pseudorchestes Bedel aus der Gattung Rhynchaenus Clairv. - Entomologische Abhandlungen, 29(2): 275 - 327. DIECKMANN L. 1968. Revision der Westpaläarktischen Anthonomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) - Beitr. Ent., 18 (3/4): 377 - 564. DIECKMANN L. 1969. Revision der Ceutorhynchus - Untergattung Ranunculiphilus Wagner und der Ceutorhynchus obsoletus - Gruppe (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), mit Beschreibung von zwei neuen paläarktischen Arten - Acta entmologica musei nationalis Pragae, 38: 31 - 50.
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DIECKMANN L. 1970. Nachtrag zur Revision der Paläarktischen Arten der Untergattung Pseudorchestes Bedel aus der Gattung Rhynchaenus Claiv. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) - Reichenbachia, 13(10): 125 - 130. DIECKMANN L. 1973. Apion - Studien (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) - Beitr. Ent., 23(1/4): 71 - 92. DIMITROV T. 1935. [Contribution to research of the insects and the fungus pests into our forests and forest plants]. – Ann. Univ. Sofia, 13(2): 220-252. (in Bulgarian). FRANZ H. 1942. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Tychiini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) - Arbeiten über morphologische und taxonomische Entomologie, 9 (2/4):104 - 266. FREMUTH J. 1972. Gymnaetron (Rhinusa) smreczynskii sp. n., eine neue Art aus Mitteleuropa (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) - Annotationes Zoologicae et Botanicae, Bratislava, 83: 1 - 7. KIPPENBERG H. 1981. Die mitteleuropäischen Arten der Gattung Plinthus Germ. - Entomol. Blätter, 76(2 – 3): 73 - 140. MAZUR M. 1993. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Otiorhynchus denigrator - Gruppe (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) - Acta zool. cracov., 35: 467 - 496. MAZUR M. 1993a. Subspezifische Gliederung des Otiorhynchus raucus (Fabricius, 1777) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). - Acta zool. cracov., 35(3): 497 - 507. MEREGALI M. 1985. Revisione del Genere Plinthus Germar (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) - Memorie del Museo civico di storia naturale di Verona, sezione scienze della vita, 5: 1 - 133. PETRYSZAK B. 1990. Trachyphloeus suomalaineni sp. n., eine neue Rüsselkäferart aus Bulgarien (Insecta, Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Otiorhynchinae) - Reichenbachia, 28 (19): 93 - 96. PETRYSZAK B. & M. MAZUR. 1986. Materials to the knowledge of Bulgarian weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) - Zeszyty naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 32: 83 - 114 (in Polish) PURKYNÉ C. 1949. De Generis Mylacus Schönherr Balcani speciebus novis - Časopis Čs. Společnosti entomol., 46(1 – 2): 1 - 4. SCHEDL W. 1970. Die Brenthiden der Westpalearktis. - Beitr. Ent., 20 (1/2): 97 - 110. SMRECZYNSKI S. & Z. CMOLUCH. 1961. Materialen zur Kenntnis der Rüsselkäferfauna (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) Bulgariens - Bulletin entomologique de Pologne, 31(17): 223 - 253. STÜBEN P., F. BAHR, Ch. BAYER. 2000. Cryptorhynchinae - Exkursion in die Ost- und Zentralpyrenäen - Weevil News: http://www.curci.de, No.1: 10. STÜBEN P., L. BEHNE, F. BAHR. 2001. Analytical Catalogue of Westpalearctic Cryptorhynchinae. Part 1: Kyklioacalles, Onyxacalles, Dichromacalles, Calacalles, Echinodera (Col.: Curculionidae: Cryptorhynchinae ). – Snudebiller, 2: 59 - 119. STÜBEN P., L. BEHNE, F. BAHR. 2003. Analytical Catalogue of Westpalearctic Cryptorhynchinae. Part 2: Acalles, Acallocrates (Col.: Curculionidae: Cryptorhynchinae). – Snudebiller, 4: 11 - 100. WAGNER H. 1912. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Bearbeitung von O. Leonard’s Sammlungen. Entomol. Mitteilungen, 1: 9 - 21. YOAKIMOV D. 1904. [Contribution to Bulgarian fauna of insects Insecta, Coleoptera] - Sbornik ot narodni umotvorenia, nauka i knizhnina, 20; (In Bulgarian). ZHELEV I. 1948. [Fruit weevils, Rhynchites sp., and pear mosquito, Contarinia pirivora] - Gradinarstvo, 29(8): 238 - 242 (in Bulgarian). ZUPPA A. & G. OSELLA. 1999. Revisione del Genere Aparopion Hampe,1861 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Molytinae) - Boll. Mus. civ. st. nat. Verona, 23: 1 - 49. Authors’ addresses: Pavel Angelov Markovo Village Bulgaria Kiril Metodiev Regional Inspection of Environment and Waters – Pazardjik Ministry of Environment and Waters St. General Gurko 3 4400 Pazardjik, Bulgaria e-mail:
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P. ANGELOV, K. METODIEV Хоботниците (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) на Западните Родопи (България) Павел АНГЕЛОВ, Кирил МЕТОДИЕВ (Р е з ю м е)
Фауната на хоботниците на Западните Родопи е сравнително добре проучена и богата на видове. Проучването се основава както от литературни данни, така и на нова информация. Установени са общо 533 вида, от тях за 100 вида се дават нови данни за разпространението им в Западни Родопи, а 30 вида са нови за фауната на Западните Родопи или за първи път се дават точни находища за разпространението им. Посочени са ендемитите, установени в района – 5 родопски, 19 български и 24 балкански. За ендемичните видове се предлагат мерки за защита.
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Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
VASSILA JORDANOVA
Jordanova V. 2006. Ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P. (ed) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 437-441. Abstract. From the total of 33 species of Coccinellidae, known in the Western Rhodopes, 6 have been known up to now and 27 species are new for this region. The species Clitostethus arcuatus, Scymnus abietis, Anisosticta novemdecimpunctata and Oenopia impustulata are considered very rare. Palearctic zoogeographical elements (21) prevail, followed by the European (6), Eurosiberian (3), Holarctic (2), Balkan-Anatolian (1) and with Euroasiatic step distribution (1). Key words: Coleoptera, Coccinellidae, Western Rhodopes, Bulgaria.
Introduction Data about the family Coccinellidae in the Western Rhodopes are found in the papers of JOAKIMOV (1904) - three species and JORDANOVA (1986) - three species. This part of the mountain is inadequately explored. Most of the material has been collected in the 20 century in a nonsystematical way. All the beetles are preserved in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History - Sofia. The species marked with * are known in the Western Rhodopes, but have not been found so far in the eastern part of the mountain.
Faunistic list Epilachninae Epilachnini Subcoccinella vigintiquatuorpunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) Velingrad, 19.10.1997, 2 ex., V. Jordanova leg.; Devin, 19.7.1977, Al. Popov leg.; Chepelare, 30.6.1924, D. Ilchev leg.; 29.6.1924, 2 ex., P. Drenski leg.; Tsrancha, 24.4.1960, 3 ex., Al. Nikolaev leg.
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V. JORDANOVA Scymninae Stethorini Stethorus punctillum Weise, 1891 JORDANOVA (1986). New data: Dorkovo, 14.8.1986, 4 ex., V. Jordanova leg. *Clitostethus arcuatus (Rossi, 1794) JORDANOVA (1986). New data: Belovo, 2 ex., Julius Milde leg., R. Bielawski det. Scymnini * Scymnus (s. str.) abietis Paykull, 1798 JORDANOVA (1986) *Scymnus (s. str.) apetzi Mulsant, 1846 Belovo, 1 ex., Julius Milde leg., R. Bielawski det. Scymnus (s. str.) frontalis (Fabricius, 1787) Belovo, 1 ex., Julius Milde leg., R. Bielawski det. Scymnus (s. str.) rubromaculatus (Goeze, 1777) Belovo, 2 ex., Julius Milde leg., R. Bielawski det. Scymnus (Pullus) auritus Thunberg, 1795 Belovo, 2 ex., Julius Milde leg., R. Bielawski det. Scymnus (P.) subvillosus (Goeze, 1777) Belovo, 1 ex., Julius Milde leg., R. Bielawski det. Scymnus (P.) suturalis Thunberg, 1795 Dorkovo, 14.8.1986, 1 ex., V. Jordanova leg. Nephus (Bipunctatus) bipunctatus (Kugelann, 1794) Dorkovo, 14.8.1986, 1 ex., V. Jordanova leg. Hyperaspini *Hyperaspis campestris (Herbst, 1783) Smoljan, 1200 m. 29-30.5.1959, 1 ex., R. Bielawski leg. and det
*Hyperaspis reppensis quadrimaculata Redtenbacher, 1843 JOAKIMOV,1904. New data: Bachkovski Monastery, 30.8.1960, 1 ex., R. Bielawski leg.; Assenovgrad, 4.8.1960, 1 ex., M. Josifov leg.
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Cocinellinae Coccinellini Hippodamia (Adonia) variegata (Goeze, 1777) Belovo, 3 ex., Julius Milde leg.; Bachkovo, 29.7.1931, 1 ex., Yor. Zonkov; Dorkovo, 14.8.1986, 3 ex., V. Jordanova leg.; Velingrad, 19.10.1997, 5 ex., V. Jordanova leg. * Anisosticta novemdecempunctata (Linnaeus,1758) Krichim, 27.6.1912, 1 ex., Iv. Buresch leg. * Aphidecta obliterata (Linnaeus, 1758) Smoljan, 1300m., 28.7.1977, 6 ex., Al. Popov leg.; Rozhen locality , 10.8.1981, 2 ex., Jul. Ganev leg. *Adalia bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) Assenovgrad, 4.8.1960, 3 ex., M.Jossifov leg.; Velingrad, 19.10.1997, 2 ex., V. Jordanova leg. *Adalia decempunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) Velingrad, 19.10.1997, 1 ex., V. Jordanova leg. Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758 Peshtera, 23.5.1915, 1 ex., D. Ilchev leg.; Bachkovo, 29.7.1931, 2 ex., Yor. Zonkov leg,; Tsrancha, 24.4.1969, 5 ex., Al. Nikolaev leg.; Dorkovo, 14.8.1986, 5 ex.,V. Jordanova leg.; Velingrad, 19.10.1997, 3 ex., V. Jordanova leg.; Krichim, 27.6.1912, Iv. Buresch leg. *Coccinella quinquepunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) JOAKIMOV, 1904. New data: Teshel to Devin, 19.7.1977, 3 ex., Al. Prostov leg. *Oenopia impustulata (Linnaeus, 1767) Belovo, 1 ex., Julius Milde leg. Oenopia lyncea agnata (Rosenhauer, 1847) Velingrad, 19.10.1997, 1 ex., V. Jordanova leg Coccinula quatuordecimpustulata (Linnaeus, 1758) Peshtera,23.5.1915, 1ex., D. Ilchev leg.; Bachkovo, 29.7.1931, 5 ex., Yor. Zonkov leg.; Assenovgrad, 4.8.1960, 1 ex., M. Jossifov leg.; Tsrancha, 24.4.1960, 2 ex., Al. Nikolaev leg.; Devin, 19.7.1977, 3 ex., Al. Popov leg. Harmonia quadripunctata (Pontoppidan, 1763) Batak, 24.5.1915, 1 ex., D. Ilchev leg.; Bachkovo, 29.7.1931, 1 ex., Yor. Zonkov, leg.; Chepelare, 29.6.1924, 3 ex.; P. Drenski leg.; Varvara, Chepinska Reka River, 12.5.1978, 3 ex., Al. Popov leg.; Velingrad, 19.10.1997, 1 ex., V. Jordanova leg.
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V. JORDANOVA Propylaea quatuordecimpunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) Peshtera, 23.5.1915, 1 ex., D. Ilchev leg.; Tsrancha, 24.4.1960, 1 ex., Al. Nikolaev leg.
*Anatis ocellata (Linnaeus, 1758) Varvara, Chepinska River, 1-2.5.1978, 1 ex., Al. Popov leg.; Rozhen locality, 10.8.1981, 1 ex., Jl. Ganev leg.; Dorkovo, 14.8.1986, 3 ex., V. Jordanova leg. Sospita (Myzia) oblongoguttata (Linnaeus, 1758) Chepelare, 18.8.1979, 1 ex., Jul. Ganev leg.; Pamporovo, 13.4.1994, 1 ex., D. Raychev leg.; Smolyan, 1200m, 29-30.5.1959, 1 ex., R. Bielawski leg.; Dorkovo, 14.8.1986, 1 ex., V. Jordanova leg. *Sospita vigintiguttata (Linnaeus, 1758) JOAKIMOV, 1904. New data: Ladjene, Chepinsko, 29.7.1925, 1 ex., P. Drenski leg., R. Bielawski det. Halyzia sedecimguttata (Linnaeus, 1758) Bachkovo, 4.8.1960, 4 ex., M. Jossifov leg.; Rozhen locality, 10.7.1981, 1 ex., Jul. Ganev leg. Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) Bachkovo, 4.8.1960, 1 ex., M. Jossifov leg.; Rozhen locality, 10.7.1981, 1ex., Jul. Ganev leg. Chilocorinae Chilocorini Chilocorus bipustulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Assenovgrad, Assenova krepost, 23.10.1964, 1 ex., D. Totev leg.; Dorkovo, 14.8.1986, 2 ex. V. Jordanova leg. Brumus quadripustulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Dorkovo, 14.8.1986, 2 ex. V. Jordanova leg.; Velingrad, 19.10.1997, 7 ex., V. Jordanova leg. Brumus cedri (Sahlberg, 1913) Varvara, Chepinska Reka River, 1-2.5.1978, 1 ex., Al. Popov leg. Discussion The 33 species and subspecies of Coccinellidae in the Western Rhodopes represent ca. 40% of the total number of ladybirds recorded in Bulgaria. This may indicate a low degree of exploration of the region, but this number (33) makes 66% of the total number of Coccinellidae in the Rhodopes. The short zoogeographical analysis indicates that the fauna of Coccinellidae in the Western Rhodopes includes mostly taxa of the Palearctical type of distribution (21), followed by the European type (6), Eurosiberian (3), Balkan-Anatolian (1), from the Euroasiatic step (1), Palearctic – subtropical (1).
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References JOAKIMOV D. 1904. [Contribution to the Bulgarian insect fauna]. – Sbornik za narodni umotv., nauka i knizhnina, 20: 1-43 (in Bulgarian). JORDANOVA V. (=YORDANOVA V.).1986. A contribution towards the study of tribe Scymnini (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). - Acta zool. bulg., 30: 68-71.
Author’s address: Vassila Jordanova National Museum of Natural History Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
Калинки (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) в Западните Родопи (България) Васила ЙОРДАНОВА (Р е з ю м е) От установените общо 33 таксона от сем. Coccinellidae в българската част на Западните Родопи непубликувани досега за този район са 27. В зоогеографско отношение превес имат видовете с палеарктичен тип на разпространение - 21, следвани от европейските - 6, евросибирски - 3, холарктични - 2, балкано-анадолски - 1, от евроазиатските степи - 1. Редките видове са около 10, но изключително редки са Clitostethus arcuatus, Scymnus abietis, Anisosticta novemdecimpunctata и Oenopia impustulata.
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The leaf beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Faunistic and zoogeography
BLAGOY GRUEV
Gruev B. 2006. The leaf beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Faunistic and zoogeography. – In: Beron P. (ed) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 443-493. Abstract. Distributional data about all the known 341 species and subspecies of leaf beetles in the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) are given. Newly recorded to the fauna of the Rhodopes herein are 46 (**) of them, and two species (*) are new to the investigated region. A zoogeographical classification of the taxa is proposed. Key words: Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Western Rhodopes, Bulgaria, Greece, faunistic, zoogeography.
Introduction There have not been published special works devoted to the distribution and zoogeography of the leaf beetles in the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Nevertheless, 341 taxa (about 66 % of the Bulgarian fauna) are known in the region by now from the literature and the present investigation (Orsodacninae – 2, Zeugophorinae – 2, Donaciinae – 9, Criocerinae – 6, Clytrinae – 23, Cryptocephalinae – 44, Eumolpinae – 9, Chrysomelinae – 60, Galerucinae – 22, Alticinae – 143, Hispinae – 1, Cassidinae – 20), 46 of which are herein newly recorded (**) to the fauna of the Rhodopes and two species (*) are new to their western part. New distributional data about 75 taxa are given.
Faunistic list Abbreviations. 1. General: excl. – excluding, incl. – including, Mon. – Monastery, 2. Zoogeographic: NH – Northern Holarctic complex (B – Boreal: Bm – Boreo-montainous), S Siberian complex (EAP – Euroasiatic Palaearctic: SibE – Siberoeuropean, SSibE – Southsiberoeuropean, TrPal – Transpalaearctic, H – Holarctic, EAAP – Euro-Asiatic-African Palaearctic: HPal – Holopalaearctic), E – European complex (ME – Mideuropean, SbM - Submediterranean, HSbM – Holosubmediterranean, ESbM – Eastsubmediterranean, ME [mt] – Mideurope-
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B. GRUEV
an mountainous, SEE [mt] – Southeasteuropean mountainous), SWAs - Southwestasiatic complex – (SbIn - Subiranian, IT – Iranoturanian, AsM – Asia Minor, Eux - Euxinian), M - Mediterranean complex – (HM – Holomediterranean, EM – Eastmediterranean), E – Endemic – (BnE – Balkan endemic, BgE – Bulgarian endemic, GrE – Greek endemic).
Orsodacninae ** Orsodacne cerasi (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: Peshtera, 21.IV.1968; above Yakoruda, 1000 m, 13.VI.1967; Chehlyovo Place, 26.VI.1926. Distribution: from South France, England and South Scandinavia to West Siberia. S/EAP/SibE Orsodacne humeralis Latreille, 1804 Bulgaria: Velingrad (VIG, 2002 – O. lineola). New material: Novakovo Village, 10.V.1973; Kapitan Dimitrievo Village, 4.V.1973. Distribution: southern part of Mid Europe; France, Italy, Balkan Peninsula, Turkey. E/SbM/HSbM
Zeugophorinae Zeugophora f lavicollis (Marsham, 1802) Bulgaria: Velingrad > Yundola Saddle (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986). Distribution: West, Mid and South-East Europe. E/ME Zeugophora subspinosa (Fabricius, 1781) Bulgaria: Rhodopes (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1998). New material: above Peshtera, 22.IV.1967, on Salix; above Bratsigovo, 21.IV.1968, on Salix; above Asenovgrad, 3.V.1967. Distribution: from England and the Pyrenees to West Siberia. S/EAP/SibE
Donaciinae ** Donacia bicolora Zschach, 1788 Bulgaria: Zdravets Hut, 17.V.1968. Distribution: from Portugal and Ireland to Kazakhstan. S/EAP/SibE Donacia cinerea Herbst, 1784 Bulgaria: Peshtera; above Ognyanovo Village (TOMOV, 1973 a). Distribution: from North Spain, South France and Ireland to Altai. S/EAP/SSibE ** Donacia impressa Paykull, 1799 Bulgaria: Peshtera, 28.IV.1968. Distribution: from the Iberian Peninsula and Ireland to Mongolia. S/EAP/SibE
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** Donacia marginata Hoppe, 1795 Bulgaria: above Peshtera, 12.V.1969; Zdravets Hut, 17.V.1968. Distribution: Europe, Asia Minor, West Siberia, North Africa. S/EAP/SibE ** Donacia simplex Fabricius, 1775 Bulgaria: above Peshtera, 28.IV.1968; Bratsigovo, 21.IV.1964; above Asenovgrad, 3.V.1967. Distribution: from the British Isls and Spain to East Siberia and Mongolia; North Africa. S/EAAP/HPal Donacia thalassina Germar, 1811 Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, 9.VI.1957. Distribution: Europe, Siberia, Mongolia, North-West China. S/EAP/TrPal Plateumaris consimilis (Schrank, 1781) Bulgaria: Velingrad (VIG, 2002). New material: above Peshtera, 22.IV.1967; Bachkovo Village, 18.VI.1959; above Yakoruda, 17.V.1973, 30.V.1972; above Yundola Saddle, 12.V.1968. Distribution: from West Europe to Japan. S/EAP/TrPal Plateumaris rustica (Kuntze, 1818) Bulgaria: North Rhodopes (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1998). New material: Zdravets Hut, 27.V.1967. Distribution: from Europe and Algeria to West Siberia. S/EAP/SibE Plateumaris sericea (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: Smolyan, Chudnite Mostove Hut (ANGELOV et al, 1965). Distribution: from Ireland and North Spain to Japan. S/EAP/TrPal
Criocerinae ** Crioceris duodecimpunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: Besaparski Hills (above Ognyanovo Village), 27.V.1971, 11.VII.1972, on Asparagus. Distribution: from Portugal and England to Korea. S/EAP/TrPal Lema cyanella (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: Markovo Village, Rozhen Place (ANGELOV et al., 1965). New material: Chudnite Mostove Hut, 29.VIII.1971. Distribution: from Spain and the British Isls to Korea. S/EAP/TrPal Lilioceris lilii (Scopoli, 1763) Bulgaria: Ruen Hut (ANGELOV et al., 1965); above Asenovgrad, Dedovo Village (TOMOV, 1970).
446
B. GRUEV
Distribution: from Morocco and England to Kazakhstan, Altai and Siberia. S/ EAP/SibE Lilioceris merdigera (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: Rhodopes (NEDELKOV, 1909 – Crioceris merdigera); above Peshtera, Bachkovski Mon. (TOMOV, 1970). Distribution: from the Iberian Peninsula, France and South Norway to Japan. S/ EAP/TrPal ** Oulema gallaeciana (Heyden, 1870) Bulgaria: above Peshtera, 22.IV.1967; above Asenovgrad, 6.VIII.1973; Bachkovo Village, V.1970; Novakovo Village, 10.V.1973; Chepelare, 15.VIII.1967; Izgrev Hut, 22.VI.1968; Zdravets Hut, 20.V.1972; Chudnite Mostove Hut, 21.V.1969; Pamporovo Resort, 28.V.1971, above Yakoruda, 30.V.1972. Distribution: western, northern and central parts of Europe, the whole basin of Danube, European Russia, West Siberia. S/EAP/SibE Oulema melanopus (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad (YOAKIMOV, 1904 – Lema melanopa), Markovo Village, Parvenets Village (ANGELOV et al., 1965 – Lema melanopa); Bachkovo Village (VIG, 2002). New material: Bryanovshtitsa Hut, 3.VII.1966; Zdravets Hut, 26.V.1967, 21.VI.1968, 10.VII.1966; Studenets Place (nr. Zdravets Hut ), 11.VII.1966; Ruen Hut, 14.VII.1966; Sitovo Village, 20.VI.1968; Akademik Hut, 13.X.1968; Novakovo Village, 10.V.1973, Martsiganitsa Hut, 3.VII.1985. Distribution: from Ireland, South Norway and Morocco to Middle Siberia and Mongolia. S/EAP/SibE
Clytrinae ** Cheilotoma musciformis (Goeze, 1777) Bulgaria: Chepelare, 7.VII.1970; Pamporovo Resort, 16.VIII.1967. Distribution: from East France and North Italy, Bulgaria, South Ukraine and Caucasus to East Kazakhstan. S/EAP/SibE Clytra atraphaxidis (Pallas, 1773) Bulgaria: above Peshtera (ANGELOV et al., 1965). New material: above Asenovgrad, 5.VII.1957. Distribution: from Spain, Corsica, Sicily, South Italy and Greece to Middle Asia, Mongolia and Korea. S/EAP/TrPal Clytra novempunctata Olivier, 1808 Bulgaria: Bratsigovo (ANGELOV et al., 1965); Velingrad (VIG, 2002). New material: above Asenovgrad, 31.V.1967, 3.VI.1967; Bachkovo Village, V.1970; Yavorovo Village, 14.VII.1966; Ruen Hut, 14.VII.1966; above Ognyanovo Village, 27.V.1971, on Paliurus aculeatus.
Chrysomelidae
447
Distribution: South-East Europe (Balkans, Romania, South Ukraine, South Russia, Caucasus), Sicily, Asia Minor, North-West Iran, Middle Asia. SWAs/SbIn Clytra quadripunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: s. Karlak (APFELBECK, 1912, 1916); Ruen Hut (ANGELOV et al., 1965). New material: Peshtera, 10.VI.1965; Akademik Hut, 26.V.1978; Izgrev Hut, 23.VI.1968; Zdravets Hut, 17.V.1968; Pamporovo Resort, 7.VI.1966. Distribution: from Ireland and North Spain to Kazakhstan, Middle Asia and Mongolia. S/EAP/SibE ** Coptocephala gebleri Gebler, 1841 Bulgaria: above Ognyanovo Village, 11.7.1972, 3.VIII.1973. Distribution: Balkan Peninsula, Asia Minor, Transcaucasus, Kirghizstan, Kazakhstan, southern Siberia, Altai. S/EAP/SSibE Coptocephala rubicunda (Laicharting, 1781) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, Markovo Village, Narechenski Bani Village (ANGELOV et al., 1965). New material: above Ognyanovo Village, 11.VII.1972, 3.VIII.1973. Distribution: Mid and East Europe, France and Pyrenees. E/ME ** Coptocephala unifasciata (Scopoli, 1763) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, 5.VIII.1966; Ruen Hut, 30.VII.1978, 12.VIII.1970; Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, 11.VII.1972, 3.VIII.1973. Distribution: from North Spain and Belgium to Middle East, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Baikal area and Mongolia. S/EAP/SibE Labidostomis cyanicornis (Germar, 1822) Bulgaria: above Yakoruda (TOMOV, 1970). New material: Bachkovo Village, V. 1970. Distribution: southern part of Mid Europe; Romania, Ukraine, basin of Volga, Kazakhstan. E/ME Labidostomis humeralis (Schneider, 1792) Bulgaria: Markovo Village (TOMOV, 1970); Velingrad (VIG, 2002). New material: above Asenovgrad, 30.IV.1906. Distribution: from Mid France and South Sweden to Asia Minor and the basin of Volga. E/ME Labidostomis longimana (Linnaeus, 1761) Bulgaria: Markovo Village (ANGELOV, 1964). New material: Bratsigovo, 13.VI.1957; Velingrad, 10.VII.1961; Chepelare, 7.VII.1970, 9.VIII.1964; Pamporovo Resort, 2.VII.1968; Studenets Hut, 11.VII.1966; Ardashla Place (nr. Pamporovo Resort), 22.VI.1961; Zdravets Hut, 10.VII.1966; Ruen Hut, 14.VII.1966; above Asenovgrad, 23.VI.1984, 6.VII.1970; Sarnitsa Village, 23.VII.1969; above Ognyanovo Village, 11.VII.1972. Distribution: from North Spain and South Italy to Central Russia and Mongolia. S/EAP/SibE
448
B. GRUEV
Labidostomis propinqua Faldermann, 1837 Bulgaria: Velingrad (VIG, 2002). New material: above Peshtera, 22.IV.1967; above Asenovgrad, 28.VI.1959; Zdravets Hut, 26.V.1967, 10.VI.1981; Chepelare, 7.VII.1970. Distribution: Bulgaria, South Romania, Greece, Turkey, Caucasus. E/SbM/ESbM Labidostomis rufa (Waltl, 1838) Bulgaria: el. Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village (TOMOV, 1970). New material: Kapitan Dimitrievo Village, 14.V.1973, on Quercus, Ulmus and Crataegus. Distribution: Balkan Peninsula, Turkey. E/SbM/ESbM ** Labidostomis tridentata (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: “Demirkapu im westliches Rodops” [Western Rhodopes: “Demirkapu” Place = “Demirkapija”] (APFELBECK, 1912, 1916). Distribution: from France, England and North Sweden to East Kazakhstan, Siberia and Mongolia. S/EAP/SibE ** Lachnaia sexpunctata (Scopoli, 1763) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, 20.VI.1958; Bachkovo Village, V.1970; Krichim Village, 18.V.1958; Parvenets Village, 29.V.1964; Akademik Hut, 26.V.1978; Zdravets Hut, 20.V.1972; Chepelare, 2.VII.1965; Velingrad, 6.VI.1983. Distribution: North-East France (basin of Moselle), South Germany, basin of Danube, Romania, Ukraine, Balkan Peninsula, Turkey. E/SbM/HSbM ** Macrolenes dentipes (Olivier, 1808) Bulgaria: Bachkovo Village, V.1970. Distribution: South Europe, Turkey, North Africa. M/HM Smaragdina aurita (Linnaeus, 1767) Bulgaria: Parvenets Village (ANGELOV et al., 1965 – Cyaniris aurita). New material: above Peshtera, 21.VI.1959; above Asenovgrad, 18.V.1979; Bachkovo Village, V.1970; Bachkovski Mr, 27.V.1970; Akademik Hut, 26.V.1978. Distribution: West France, Pyrenees, Italy, Mid Europe, Caucasus. E/ME ** Smaragdina concolor hypocrita (Lacordaire, 1848) Bulgaria: Novakovo Village, 10.V.1973; Ruen Hut, 24.V.1972. Distribution: Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey. E/SbM/ESbM Smaragdina f lavicollis (Charpentier, 1825) Bulgaria: Rhodopes (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1998). New material: Lukovitsa Place above Asenovgrad, 12.VII.1973; Bachkovo Village, V.1970. Distribution: from France and North Italy to Ukraine; Lithuania, Finland. E/ME Smaragdina graeca (Lefevre, 1872) Bulgaria: above Ognyanovo Village, Varvara Village, Panichkovo Village (TOMOV, 1976). New material: Kapitan Dimitrievo Village, 4.V.1973.
Chrysomelidae
449
Distribution: southern part of the Balkan Peninsula, Asia Minor. E/SbM/ESbM ** Smaragdina limbata (Steven, 1806) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, 12.V.1963; Zdravets Hut, 17.V.1968; Kapitan Dimitrievo Village, 12.V.1969; above Ognyanovo Village, 28.IV.1968; Varvara Village, 5.V.1975. Distribution: Balkan Peninsula, Turkey, Caucasus, Middle East, North Iran. SWAs/SbIn ** Smaragdina salicina (Scopoli, 1763) Bulgaria: Hrabrino Village, 2.VI.1957. Distribution: Mid, South and East Europe, from North Spain and Denmark to the basin of Volga; Caucasus. E/ME ** Smaragdina tibialis (Brullé, 1832) Bulgaria: Markovo Village, 11.V.1958; above Asenovgrad, 2.V.1966; Novakovo Village, 10.V.1973; Parvenets Village, V.1982; Kapitan Dimitrievo Village, 4.V.1973. Distribution: Balkan Peninsula, Asia Minor, Syria. SWAs/AsM Smaragdina xanthaspis (Germar, 1824) Bulgaria: Peshtera, Yundola Saddle, above Asenovgrad, above Ognyanovo Village (ANGELOV et al., 1965 – Cyaniris xanthaspis). New material: Bratsigovo, 13.VI.1957; Parvenets Village, 10.VI.1965; Polkovnik Serafimovo Village, 24.VII.1972; Krichim Village, 28.V.1972; Bachkovo Village, 20.V.1983; Martsiganitsa Hut, 20.VI.1986; Rozhen Place, 3.VIII.1978; Velingrad, 6.VI.1983. Distribution: North Italy, northern part of the Balkan Peninsula, basin of Danube, South Ukraine, Turkey. E/SbM/ESbM Tituboea macropus (Illiger, 1800) Bulgaria: above Yakoruda (TOMOV, 1979 – Antipa macropus). New matrial: Besaparski Hills, 12.VI.1988; above Asenovgrad, 14.VI.1983. Distribution: South-East Europe from Austria and Albania to the basin of Volga and Caucasus; Turkey. E/SbM/ESbM
Cryptocephalinae Cryptocephalus apicalis Gebler, 1830 Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad (ANGELOV et al., 1965); above Peshtera, Bratsigovo, Kapitan Dimitrievo Village, Zdravets Hut (TOMOV, 1973 b); Velingrad (VIG, 2002). Distribution: from Austria to East Siberia. S/EAP/TrPal Cryptocephalus aureolus illyricus Franz, 1949 Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, Sveti Kirik Place above Asenovgrad, Zdravets Hut, Ruen Hut, Dedovo Village, Chudnite Mostove Place, Ravnishta Place, above Yundola Saddle, Peshtera, Chepelare, Smolyan (ANGELOV et al., 1965 – Cryptocephalus aureolus).
450
B. GRUEV
New material: Bachkovo Village, 11.V.1909, 8.VII.1938; Bachkovski Monastery, 22.V.1968; Bezovo Hut, VIII.1966; Akademik Hut, 26.V.1978; Pamporovo Resort, 5.VIII.1986. Distribution: Austria, Slovenia, Hungary, Romania, Balkan Peninsula. E/SbM/ ESbM ** Cryptocephalus bicolor Eschscholtz, 1818 Bulgaria: Varvara Village, 25.IV.1975. Distribution: South France, basin of Danube, Bulgaria, Crimea, Caucasus, North Turkey, North Iran. SWAs/SbIn Cryptocephalus bipunctatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: Velingrad (= Chepino) (YOAKIMOV, 1904), Ruen Hut, Asenova Krepost Reserve above Asenovgrad. New material: Parvenets Village, 15.VI.1965; Bratsigovo, 13.VI.1957; above Peshtera, 21.VI.1959; Bryanovshtitsa Hut, 3.VII.1966; Lukovitsa Place above Asenovgrad, 27.V.1970; Bachkovo Village, V.1970; Bachkovski Mon., 27.V.1970; Varhovrah Hut, 19.VIII.1973; Laki, 26.VII.1969; Zdravets Hut, 26.V.1967; 11.VII.1966, Studenets Place above Zdravets Hut; Narechenski Bani Village, 3.VI.1968; above Ognyanovo Village, 28.IV.1968. Distribution: from Portugal and Ireland to Korea; North Africa. S/EAAP/HPal Cryptocephalus chrysopus Gmelin, 1788 Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad (ANGELOV et al., 1965). New material: Belovo. Distribution: Mid Europe, South France, North Italy, Bulgaria, Crimea. E/ME Cryptocephalus connexus Olivier, 1807 Bulgaria: above Peshtera, Velingrad (ANGELOV et al., 1965 – Cryptocephalus connexus s. str. and C. connexus subconnexus). New material: above Asenovgrad, 25.V.1966, 10.VII.1967; Gorni Voden Village, VIII.1965; Ruen Hut, 30.V.1978; Dedovo Village, 7.VIII.1967; Persenk Hut, 4.VIII.1979; Sitovo Village, 31.V.1959; Pavelsko Village, 28.VIII.1974, Kuklen Village, 22.VII.1972; Devin, 22.VII.1973; Krichim Village, 29.VIII.1959; above Ognyanovo Village, 11.VII.1972; Satovcha Village, 23.VII.1969. Distribution: Southern and East Europe, Caucasus, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan. SWAs/SbIn ** Cryptocephalus cordiger (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: Kapitan Dimitrievo Village, 4.V.1973, on Quercus. Distribution: from East France and South Sweden to East Siberia. S/EAP/SibE ** Cryptocephalus coryli (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, 2.V.1960; Bachkovski Monastery, 27.V.1970; Varvara Village, 25.IV.1975. Distribution: Europe, Kazakhstan, Siberia, Korea. S/EAP/TrPal ** Cryptocephalus duplicatus Suffrian, 1847 Bulgaria: Bachkovski Mon., 22.V.1968; Narechenski Bani Village, 3.VI.1968.
Chrysomelidae
451
Distribution: eastern parts of the Balkan Peninsula, Caucasus, Turkey. E/SbM/ ESbM Cryptocephalus elegantulus Gravenhorst, 1807 Bulgaria: Bratsigovo, Rozhen Place (ANGELOV et al., 1965). New material: Izgrev Hut, 23.VI.1968; Perelik Hut, 21.VII.1969; Satovcha Village, 23.VII.1969. Distribution: Europe, Asia Minor, Kazakhstan, Siberia, Mongolia, Korea. S/ EAP/TrPal Cryptocephalus exiguus Schneider, 1792 Bulgaria: Rozhen Place (ANGELOV et al., 1964); Chepelare (ANGELOV et al., 1965). New material: Pamporovo Resort, 23.VI.1961, 31.VII.1978. Distribution: Europe, Asia Minor, West Siberia, West Baikal area. S/EAP/SibE Cryptocephalus f lavipes Fabricius, 1781 Bulgaria: Smolyan, Sitovo Village, Markovo Village, above Asenovgrad, Bezovo Hut (ANGELOV et al., 1965 – Cryptocephalus flavipes above obscuripes). New material: above Peshtera, 21.VI.1959; Bratsigovo, 13.VI.1957; Parvenets Village, 10.VI1965; Bachkovo Village, V.1970; Bachkovski Monastery, 22.V.1968; Yavrovo Village, 14.VII.1966; Zdravets Hut, 26.V.1967, 10.VII.1967; Ruen Hut; Akademik Hut, 22.V.1970; 13.VII.1966; Chepelare, 19.VIII.1967; Pamporovo Resort, VIII.1967; Manastir Village, 17.VII.1981; Dolene Village, 25.VII.1981; Bedenski Bani, 11.V.1969; above Ognyanovo Village, 28.IV.1968; Kapitan Dimitrievo Village, 12.V.1969, on Quercus; Polkovnik Serafimovo Village, 24.VII.1972; Varvara Village, 25.IV.1975. Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Middle Asia, Siberia. S/EAP/SibE Cryptocephalus frenatus Laicharting, 1781 Bulgaria: above Yakoruda (TOMOV, 1979). New material: Sarnitsa Village, 29.VII.1966. Distribution: West France, Germany, Poland, basins of Danube and Dnester. E/ME Cryptocephalus hypochoeridis (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, Lilkovo Village, Zdravets Hut, Chepelare, Smolyan, Yundola Saddle (ANGELOV et al., 1965 – Cryptocephalus cristula). New material: above Peshtera, 25.VIII.1964; Batak Dam, 7.VIII.1967; Yavorovo Village, 14.VII.1966; Bachkovo Village, V.1970; Parvenets Village, 15.VI.1965, Bryanovshitsa Hut, 3.VII.1966; Ruen Hut, 14.VII.1966; VIII.191966; Dedovo Village, VIII.1964;Hrabrino Village, 4.VII.1965; Slaveino Village, 20.VIII.1968; Chudnite Mostove Place, 26.VI.1961; Ravnishta Place, VIII.1964; Sitovo Village, 5.IX.1965; Izgrev Hut, 23.VI.1968; Varhovrah Hut, 20.VII.1969; Byala Cherkva Resort, 13.VII.1970; Persenk Hut, 6. VIII.1965; below Perelik Summit, 21.VII.1969; Smolyanski Ezera Hut, 25.VI.1969; Pamporovo Resort, VIII.1966; Studenets Hut, 11.VII.1966; Satovcha Village, 23.VII.1969. Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, South Siberia. S/EAP/SSibE ** Cryptocephalus imperialis Laicharting, 1781 Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, 12.VI.1969; Bachkovo Village, 27.VIII.1974.
452
B. GRUEV
Distribution: North Spain, France, South Germany, basin of Danube, Balkan Peninsula, Romania, Ukraine, Turkey. E/ME Cryptocephalus janthinus Germar, 1824 Bulgaria: Krichim Village (ANGELOV et al., 1965). New material: above Ognyanovo Village, 11.VII.1972. Distribution: Mid, South and South-East Europe, Asia Minor, Iran, Kazakhstan, Siberia. S/EAP/SibE ** Cryptocephalus labiatus (Linnaeus, 1761) Bulgaria: Mezargidik Place nr. Persenk Summit, 2.VIII.1978. Distribution: Europe, Asia Minor, Siberia. S/EAP/SibE Cryptocephalus laevicollis Gebler, 1830 Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad (TOMOV, 1971 b). Distribution: from South-East Europe to Kazakhstan and West Siberia. S/EAP/SibE Cryptocephalus macellus Suffrian, 1860 Bulgaria: Bedenski Bani nr. Beden Village (TOMOV, 1971 b); Bachkovo Village (VIG, 2002). Distribution:Mid and South Europe, Black Sea area. E/ME Cryptocephalus moraei (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: Asenova Krepost Reserve, Ruen Hut, Dedovo Village, Byala Cherkva Resort, Mezargidik Place and Bash Mandra Place nr. Persenk Summit, Ravnishta Place, Peshtera, Yundola Saddle, Chepelare (ANGELOV et al., 1965); Velingrad (VIG, 2002). New material: Zdravets Hut, 10.VII.1966; Studenets Place nr. Zdravets Hut; Parvenets Village, 15.VI.1965; Bratsigovo, 13.VI.1957; Vacha Valley, 8.VI.1960; Devin, 22.VIII.1972; Smolyan, 10.VIII.1963; Bezovo Hut, VIII.1966; Momina Salza Hut, 8.VII.1965; Batak, 25.VIII.1966; Krichim Village, 29.VII.1959; Bachkovski Mon., 24.VIII.1969; Varhovrah Hut, 20.VII.1969; Sitovo Village, 25.VII.1969; Orehovo Village, 14.VIII.1970; above Ognyanovo, 27.V.1971; Polkovnik Serafimovo Village, 24.VII.1972; Dospat, 23.VII.1969; Satovcha Village, 23.VII.1969. Distribution: Europe (excl. the northern parts of Scandinavia). E/ME ** Cryptocephalus nitidus (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: Bryanovshtitsa Hut, 3.VII.1966; Bachkovski Mon., 27.V.1970; Zdravets Hut, 20.V.1972; Velingrad, 6.VI.1983. Distribution: Europe, South Siberia. S/EAP/ SSibE Cryptocephalus ocellatus Drapiez, 1819 Bulgaria: Parvenets Village, above Asenovgrad (ANGELOV et al., 1965). New material: Chudnite Mostove Place, 25.VI.1961; Chepelare, 19.VIII.1967; Narechenski Bani Village, 3.VI.1968; Varvara Village, 25.IV.1975; Izgrev Hut, 15.VII.1977; above Yakoruda, 22.VII.1971; Velingrad, 6.VI.1983. Distribution: Europe, Asia Minor, Iran, Kazakhstan, West Siberia. S/EAP/SibE
Chrysomelidae
453
** Cryptocephalus octacosmus Bedel, 1891 Bulgaria: Peshtera, 8.VI.1959; Ruen Hut, 14.VII.1966; above Asenovgrad, 10.VII.1967; above Ognyanovo Village, 11.VII.1972; Velingrad, 6.VI.1983; Satovcha Village, 23.VII.1969. Distribution: Mid, South and East Europe, Middle Asia, West Siberia. S/EAP/SibE ** Cryptocephalus octomaculatus Rossi, 1790 Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, 1.IX.1968; Markovo Village, 5.VIII.1990. Distribution: Mid and South Europe, West Siberia. S/EAP/SibE Cryptocephalus octopunctatus (Scopoli, 1763) Bulgaria: above Yakoruda (TOMOV, 1979 - Cryptocephalus sinuatus); Velingrad (VIG, 2002). New material: above Peshtera, 21. IV.1968; Bratsigovo, 21.IV.1968; Shiroka Laka Village, 22.VII.1969; Hrabrino Village, 22.IV.1975. Distribution: Europe, Kazakhstan, West Siberia. S/EAP/SibE Cryptocephalus pini (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: Rhodopes (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1998). New material: Parvenets Village, 16.X.1981; Mezargidik Place nr. Persenk Summit, 2.VIII.1978. Distribution: Europe, West Siberia. S/EAP/SibE Cryptocephalus populi Suffrian, 1848 Bulgaria: above Yakoruda (TOMOV, 1979). New material: above Asenovgrad, 14.VIII.1974. Distribution: Mid and South Europe, Caucasus, Kazakstan, South Siberia. S/ EAP/SSibE ** Cryptocephalus prusias Suffrian, 1853 Bulgaria: Ruen Hut, 24.V.1972, on Quercus; Akademik Hut, 5.VI.1987; Velingrad, 6.VI.1983. Distribution: eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula, Turkey (eastwards to Erzurum District), Syria, Jordan. SWAs/SbIn Cryptocephalus pygmaeus vittula Suffrian, 1848 Bulgaria: Peshtera, Chepelare (ANGELOV et al., 1965 – Cryptocephalus pygmaeus above orientalis); above Yakoruda (TOMOV, 1979). New material: Dedovo Village, 9.VII.1967; Zdravets Hut, 29.VII.1969; Ruen Hut, 12.VIII.1970; Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, 11.VII.1972; Polkovnik Serafimovo Village, 24.VII.1972; Velingrad, 10.VII.1961; above Yakoruda, 22.VII.1971. Distribution: Mid and East Europe, Asia Minor, Caucasus. E/ME Cryptocephalus quadripustulatus Gyllenhal, 1813 Bulgaria: Rhodopes (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1998). New material: Zdravets Hut, 10.VII.1966. Distribution: Mid, East and South-East Europe. E/ME
454
B. GRUEV
Cryptocephalus quatuordecimmaculatus Schneider, 1792 Bulgaria: Ruen Hut (ANGELOV et al., 1965); above Asenovgrad (TOMOV, 1973 b). New material: Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, 27.V.1971. Distribution: basin of Danube, Bulgaria, Ukraine. E/SbM/ESbM Cryptocephalus schaefferi Schrank, 1789 Bulgaria: Markovo Village (ANGELOV et al., 1964, 1965). New material: Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, 5.IV.1998, 29.IV.1967; Kapitan Dimitrievo Village, 4.V.1973, on Quercus; Zdravets Hut, 26.V.1967. Distribution: South and South-East Europe from North Spain to the basin of Volga; Asia Minor; West Siberia. S/EAP/SibE Cryptocephalus sericeus (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: Bachkovski Mon. (NEDELKOV, 1909); above Asenovgrad, Sveti Kirik Place above Asenovgrad, Yundola Saddle, Smolyan (ANGELOV et al., 1965); Velingrad (VIG, 2002). New material: Vacha Valley, 8.VI.1960; Zdravets Hut, 5.VIII.1964; Ruen Hut, 14.VII.1966; Hrabrino Village, 4.VII.1965; Studenets Hut, 11.VII.1966; Bryanovshtitsa Hut, 3.VII.1965; Yavorovo Village, 14.VII.1966; Batak Dam, 22.VIII.1965; Izgrev Hut, 22.VI.1968; Narechenski Bani Village, 3.VI.1968; Mihalkovo Village, 6.VII.1969; Trigrad Village, 15.VI.1972; Besparski Hills Village, 12.VI.1988; Satovcha Village, 23.VII.1969. Distribution: from Europe and Asia Minor to Siberia and West China. S/EAP/ SibE ** Cryptocephalus sexpunctatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: Peshtera, 12.V.1959, Belovo. Distribution: from England, East France, North Italy and the basin of Danube to the Arctic circle, Siberia and Japan. S/EAP/TrPal Cryptocephalus strigosus Germar, 1823 Bulgaria: Bachkovski Mon., Chepelare (TOMOV, 1971 b). Distribution: North Italy, Balkan Peninsula, basin of Danube. E/SbM/ESbM. Cryptocephalus trimaculatus Rossi, 1790 Bulgaria: Peshtera (ANGELOV et al., 1965). New material: above Asenovgrad, 27.V.1959, 23.VI.1968; Bachkovo Village, V.1970; Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, 27.V.1971; Zdravets Hut, 14.VII.1966. Distribution: southern parts of Europe from South France and Italy to Hungary and the Balkan Peninsula; Asia Minor. E/SbM/HSbM ** Cryptocephalus turcicus Suffrian, 1847 Bulgaria: Kapitan Dimitrievo Village, 4.V.1973, on Quercus; Mandritsa Village, 11.V.1973. Distribution: South Europe from France to Bulgaria; Asia Minor. E/SbM/HSbM
Chrysomelidae
455
** Cryptocephalus villosulus Suffrian, 1847 Bulgaria: Bachkovski Mon., 27.V.1970; Parvenets Village, V.1982. Distribution: Bavaria, Czechia, Slovakia, North Italy, Dalmatia, Bulgaria. E/ME Cryptocephalus violaceus Laicharting, 1781 Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, Bezovo Hut, Markovo Village, Peshtera, Yundola Saddle, Popsko Village(ANGELOV et al., 1965). New material: Zdravets Hut, 26.V.1967, 12.VI.1966, 1.VII.1966; Snezhanka Summit 2.VII.1968, 20.VIII.1967; Pamporovo Resort, 21.VII.1969; Studenets Hut, 11.VII.1967; Hrabrino Village, 2.VI.1957; Akademik Hut, 26.V.1978; Bryanovshtitsa Hut, 3.VII.1966; Smolyanski Ezera Hut, 25.VI.1969, 2.VII.1968; Sitovo Village, 20.VI.1968; Izgrev Hut, 23.VI.1968; Chepelare, 7.VII.1970; Narechenski Bani Village, 3.VI.1968; Persenk Summit, 24.VI.1969; Varhovrah Hut, 20.VII.1969; Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, 28.IV.1968. Distribution: western, southern and south-eastern parts of Europe from Spain to Ukraine; Asia Minor. E/SbM/HSbM ** Cryptocephalus virens Suffrian, 1847 Bulgaria: Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, 3.V.1986, 17.V.1971. Distribution: from Bavaria and the Italian Alps to the Balkan Peninsula, South Russia and Asia Minor, E/SbM/ESbM Pachybrachis fimbiolatus Suffian, 1848 Bulgaria: Sitovo Village, (ANGELOV et al., 1965). New material: above Asenovgad, 30.IV.1968; Zdravets Hut, 17.V.1968; Akademik Hut, 22.V.1970; Studenets Hut, 11.VII.1966; Izgrev Hut, 15.VII.1977; Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, 28.IV.1968. Distribution: from North Spain to Asia Minor and the basin of Danube. E/SbM/ HSbM ** Pachybrachis hieroglyphicus (Laicharting, 1781) Bulgaria: Bratsigovo, 22.VII.1959; above Yakoruda, 22.VII.1971. Distribution: Europe, Asia Minor, Kazakhstan, Siberia. S/EAP/SibE ** Pachybrachis limbatus (Ménétries, 1836) Bulgaria: Bratsigovo, 17.VI.1959; Peshtera, 28.IV.1968; above Asenovgrad, 2.V.1966; Parvenets Village, V.1982, on Quercus. Distribution: Balkan Peninsula, Turkey, Syria. E/SbM/ESbM ** Pachybrachis sinuatus Mulsant et Rey, 1859 Bulgaria: Bachkovo Village, V.1970; Bedenski Bani, 23.VII.1969; Shiroka Laka Village, 22.VII.1969; Zmeitsa Village, 23.VII.1969; above Yakoruda, 18.VI.1972, 22.VII.1971. Distribution: South France, Mid Europe, Balkan Peninsula, Asia Minor. E/ME
456
B. GRUEV
** Pachybrachis tessellatus (Olivier, 1791) Bulgaria: Zdravets Hut, 12.VII.1966; Ruen Hut, 14.VII.1966; Dolni Voden Village, 5.VIII.1972; Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, 27.V.1971. Distribution: southern and central parts of Europe from Spain to the Caspian Sea. E/ME
Eumolpinae Bromius obscurus (Linnaeus, 1758) s. str. Bulgaria: Rozhen Place (ANGELOV et al., 1965 - Adoxus obscurus); Pamporovo Resort and Ardashla Place above it, Studenets Hut, Zdravets Hut, Chudnite Mostove Hut, Byala Cherkva Resort, above Asenovgrad (GRUEV,1992). New material: Yundola Saddle (Rogachevitsa Place), 25.VI.2004, leg. M. KECHEV. Distribution: Europe, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Siberia, Mongolia, North China, Japan, Kuril Islands, North America. S/H Brimius obscurus villosulus (Schrank,1781) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad (YOAKIMOV,1904 – Bromius vitis). Distribution: South Europe, Palaearctic Asia (incl. Japan). S/EAP/TrPal Eumolpus asclepiadeus (Pallas, 1776) Bulgaria: “Demirkapu im westliches Rodops” [Western Rhodopes: p. “Demirkapu” = “Demirkapija”] (APFELBECK, 1912, 1916 – Chrysochus asclepiadeus); Asenova Krepost Reserve, Ruen Hut, Zdravets Hut, Smilyan Village (ANGELOV et al., 1965 – Chrysochus asclepiadeus) (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Mid and South Europe, West and Middle Asia, Siberia, Mongolia, North China. S/EAP/SibE Macrocoma rubripes balcanica (Apfelbeck, 1912) Bulgaria: Tamrashka Valley (GRUEV, 1973 b). Distributon: Bulgaria, Romanian Dobroudja. End/BnE Pachnephorus pilosus (Rossi,1790) Bulgaria: Krichim Village, Peshtera, Belovo, Parvenets Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distributon: Mid and South Europe, West and Middle Asia, Siberia, Mongolia, North China. S/EAP/SibE Pachnephorus tessellatus (Duftschmid, 1825) Bulgaria: above Peshtera, Parvenets Village (ANGELOV et al., 1965); Krichim Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Turkey, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Mongolia, Thibet. S/EAP/SibE
Chrysomelidae
457
Pachnephorus villosus (Duftschmid, 1825) Bulgaria: above Peshtera (ANGELOV, 1960); Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: South France, Italy, South-East Europe, Caucasus, Turkey, Syria, Iran. E/SbM/HSbM Pales ulema (Germar, 1813) Bulgaria: Bachkovski Mon. (GRUEV, 1992 – Eupales ulema). Distribution: South-East Europe. E/SbM/ESbM Rhodopaea angelovi Gruev et Tomov, 1968 Bulgaria: Zdravets Hut, Studenets Place (above Zdravets Hut) (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1968; GRUEV, 1992); above Bachkovski Mon. (WARCHALOWSKI, 1974 – Gruevia angelovi). Distribution: Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria). End/BgE
Chrysomelinae Chrysolina cerealis alternans (Panzer, 1799) Bulgaria: Byala Cherkva Resort (APFELBECK, 1912, 1916 – Chrysomela cerealis var. mixta and var. ornata); above Peshtera (GRUEV, 1978 – Chrysolina cerealis); above Asenovgrad, Bash Mandra Place nr. Persenk Summit, Zdravets Hut, Valchandol Village > Laki, Chervena Stena Reserve, Lilkovo Village, Mugla Village, Sitovo Village, Boikovo Village, Lakavitsa Place above Smolyan, Selcha Village > Mihalkovo Village, Bachkovski Mon., Pavelsko Village, Tsvetino Village (GRUEV, 1992 – Chrysolina cerealis); Velingrad (VIG, 2002 – Chrysolina cerealis). Distribution: basin of Danube, North Balkans. E/SbM/ESbM Chrysolina coerulans (Scriba, 1791) Bulgaria: Rhodopes (APFELBECK, 1912, 1916 – Chrysomela coerulans); Belashtitsa Village, Chepelare, Peshtera, Bratsigovo, above Asenovgrad, Lilkovo Village, Bryanovshtitsa Hut, Plochnik Village, Parvenets Village (GRUEV, 2002); Perushtitsa , Velingrad (VIG, 2002). Distributuion: Mid and East Europe, France, Italy, Asia Minor. E/ME Chrysolina didymata (Scriba, 1791) Greece: Xanthi (GRUEV, 1990 b, 1992). Distribution: Mid and East Europe, France, Germany, Italy, Balkan Peninsula, Near East, Turkmenistan, Iran. SWAs/SbIn/IT Chrysolina fastuosa (Scopoli, 1763) Bulgaria: Bachkovo Village, Hrabrino Village, Bratsigovo, Gorni Voden Village, Parvenets Village, Dedovo Village, Zagrazhden Village, Dobrostan Village, Peshtera, Slaveino
458
B. GRUEV
Village, Chudnite Mostove Hut, Bezovo Hut, Pamporovo Resort, Studenets Hut, Ruen Hut, Zdravets Hut, Persenk Hut, Byala Cherkva Resort, Bryagovo Village, Plochnik Village, Tsar Kaloyan Village, Kabata Hut, Orehovo Village, Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village (GRUEV, 2002). New material: Snezhanka Summit, 3.IX.2004, leg. M. Kechev. Greece: Xanthi (GRUEV, 1990 b). Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Afghanistan, North and East Kazakhstan, West and Middle Siberia. S/EAP/SibE Chrysolina geminata (Paykull, 1799) Bulgaria: Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, Slaveino Village, Zdravets Hut, above Asenovgrad, Hrabrino Village, Gorni Voden Village, Byala Cherkva Resort, Shiroka Laka Village, Chepelare (GRUEV, 1992); Velingrad (VIG, 2002). Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor. E/ME Chrysolina graminis (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: Belovo (NEDELKOV, 1909 – Chrysomela graminis). Distribution: Europe, Palaearctic Asia (excl. Japan). S/EAP/SibE Chrysolina gypsophilae (Kuester, 1845) Bulgaria: Velingrad (Chepino) (YOAKIMOV, 1904 – Chrysomela sanguinolenta; VIG, 2002); Besaparski Hills, above Asenovgrad, Tsvetino Village, above Bratsigovo, Zdravets Hut, Chepelare, Pamporovo Resort, above Varvara Village, Zagrazhden Village (GRUEV, 1992). Geece: Xanthi (Guev, 1990 a, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor. E/ME Chrysolina haemoptera (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: Velingrad (= Chepino) (YOAKIMOV, 1904 – Chrysomela haemoptera; VIG, 2002); Markovo Village (ANGELOV, 1964 – Chrysomela haemoptera); Kapitan Dimitrievo Village, Belovo, Borino Village, Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, above Cheshnigirovo Village, Zdravets Hut, Pamporovo Resort, Pavelsko Village, Lakavitsa Village, Ruen Hut, Bachkovski Mon., Bratsigovo, Peshtera, Bash Mandra Place nr. Persenk Summit, Tsvetino Village, Shiroka Laka Village, Yugovo Village, Byala Cherkva Resort, Rakitovo Village, Batak, Smolyan, Narechenski Bani Village, Boikovo Village, Chepelare, Mugla Village (GRUEV, 1992); Mihalkovo Village (VIG, 2002). Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Iran. E/ME Chrysolina herbacea (Duftschmid, 1825) Bulgaria: Rhodopes (MOHR, 1969 – Chrysomela herbacea); Parvenets Village, above Asenovgrad, Krichim Village, Velingrad, Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, Ruen Hut, Zdravets Hut, Pamporovo Resort and Studenets Hut, Peshtera, Hrabrino Village, Shiroka Laka Village, Dobrostan Village, Chudnite Mostove Hut, Galabovo Village, Pavelsko Village, Progled Village, Chepelare, Narechenski Bani Village, Persenk Hut, Strashimir Village, Pechinsko Village, Smolyan, Bryanovshtitsa Hut, Gorni Voden Village, Bachkovski Mon., Ravnishta Place (GRUEV, 1992); Novakovo Village, Kochan Village, Iskra Village, Tsar Kaloyan Village, Galabovo Village, Dospat, Devin, Barutin Village,
Chrysomelidae
459
Dedovo Village, Kabata Hut and Orehovo Village (GRUEV, 2002); Bachkovo Village (VIG, 2002). New material: Smolyanski Ezera Hut, 30.VII.1993. Greece: Xanthi (GRUEV, 1990 b, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Asia Minor, Iran, Afghanistan, Altai, Pamir. S/EAP/SSibE Chrysolina hyperici (Forster, 1771) Bulgaria: Rhodopes (APFELBECK, 1912, 1916 – Chrysomela hyperici); above Ognyanovo Village, Novokrichimski Hills, Bratsigovo (GRUEV, 2992); Chepelare, Velingrad (GRUEV, 2002). New material: Pashovi Skali Place, 24.VI.2004, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: whole Europe, Asia Minor, Middle Asia, North Africa. E/ME Chrysolina limbata (Fabricius, 1775) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, Ruen Hut, Zdravets Hut, Bash Mandra Place nr. Persenk Summit (ANGELOV et al., 1965 – Chrysomela limbata); Belovo, Krichim Village, Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, Dedovo Village, Rakitovo Village, Lilkovo Village, Sitovo Village, Galabovo Village, Mugla Village, Gorni Voden Village, Pavelsko Village, Selcha Village, Mihalkovo Village, Chepelare, Trigrad Village (GRUEV, 1992); Velingrad, Mihalkovo Village (VIG, 2002). Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Iran, Kazakhstan, West Siberia, Mongolia. S/EAP/SibE Chrysolina marginata (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, Ruen Hut (ANGELOV et al., 1965 – Chrysomela marginata); Peshtera, Velingrad, Mugla Village, Sitovo Village, Zdravets Hut (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Asia Minor, Iran, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, whole Siberia, Mongolia, West China, North Africa. S/EAP/TrPal Chrysolina olivieri (Bedel, 1892) Bulgaria: Rhodopes (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986 – Chrysolina coerulea); Velingrad (VIG, 2002 – Chrysolina olivieri montanella). Distribution: the Alps, Carpathians, Balkan Peninsula (excl. Greece). E/ME (mt) Chrysolina oricalcia (Müller, 1776) Bulgaria: Lukovitsa Place above Asenovgrad (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Asia Minor, whole of Siberia, Mongolia. S/EAP/TrPal Chysolina orientalis thraeissa Bechyné, 1950 Greece: Xanthi (BECHYNÉ, 1950). Distribution: East Greece (Rhodopes). End/GrE Chrysolina polita (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: Parvenets Village (DIRIMANOV, 1966 – Chrysomela polita); Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, above Peshtera (ANGELOV et al., 1965 – Chrysomela polita); above Asenovgrad, Bratsigovo, Bachkovo Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Siberia, Mongolia, China, Sakhalin. S/EAP/TrPal
460
B. GRUEV
Chrysolina reitteri (Weise, 1884) s. str. Bulgaria: Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, above Pestera (GRUEV, 1992 – Chrysolina lurida); Velingrad (GRUEV, 2002). Greece: Xanthi (GRUEV, 1990 b and 1992 – C. lurida). Distribution: Mid, South, East and South-East Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, North Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, South Siberia. S/EAP/SSibE Chrysolina salviae (Germar, 1824) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad (GRUEV, 1968 b – Crosita salviae); Varvara Village (GRUEV, 1992). Greece: Xanthi (GRUEV, 1990 b and 1992 – Crosita salviae). Distribution: South Europe northwards to Hungary; Turkey. E/SbM/HSbM Chrysolina sanguinolenta (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: Perushtitsa (VIG, 2002). Distribution: Europe, Palaearctic Asia eastwards to Mongolia S/EAP/SSibE Chrysolina staphylaea (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986); Velingrad (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: from Ireland and Iceland to Kamchatka. S/EAP/TrPal Chrysolina turca (Fairmaire, 1865) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, Bachkovo Village, Byala Cherkva Resort, Chudnite Mostove Hut (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986); Bachkovski Mon. (GRUEV, 1992); Zdravets Hut, Galabovo Village (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: Turkey (European and Asiatic), Bulgaria. SWAs/SbIn/AsM Chrysolina varians (Schaller, 1783) Bulgaria: Mezargidik Place nr. Persenk Summit, Byala Cherkva Resort, Zdravets Hut, Atoluka Place above Bratsigovo(GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Asia Minor, West Siberia. S/EAP/SibE Chrysolina vernalis ottomana (Weise, 1906) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, Gorni Voden Village, Smolyan, Chepelare, Zagrazhden Village, Markovo Village, Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, Velingrad, Pamporovo Resort, Studenets Hut, Bezovo Hut, Varhovrah Hut, Ruen Hut (GRUEV, 1992); Bachkovo Village (GRUEV, 2002). Greece: Xanthi (GRUEV, 1990 b, 1992). Distribution: Balkan Peninsula (Bulgaria, North Greece, Macedonia, Dalmatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania), Turkey (European and Asiatic). SWAs/ SbIn/AsM Chrysomela collaris Linnaeus, 1758 Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad (YOAKIMOV, 1904 – Melasoma collaris); Belovo (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986).
Chrysomelidae
461
Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Kazakhstan, whole of Siberia, Mongolia, North-East China. S/EAP/TrPal Chrysomela cuprea Fabricius, 1775 Bulgaria: Velingrad, Lukovitsa Place (above Asenovgrad), Persenk Hut (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Palaearctic Asia eastwards to the Russian Far East; Pakistan. S/EAP/TrPal Chrysomela populi Linnaeus, 1758 Bulgaria: above Peshtera, Batak, Trigrad Village, Smolyan, Smolyanski Ezera Hut, Zdravets Hut (GRUEV, 1992); Velingrad (VIG, 2002). Distribution: Palaearctis. S/EAAP/HPal. Chrysomela saliceti Suffrian, 1849 Bulgaria: Bachkovo Village (WARCHALOWSKI, 1974 – Melasoma saliceti); Parvenets Village (ANGELOV et al., 1965 – Melasoma saliceti). Distribution: Europe, Kazakhstan, Iran, Middle Asia, Siberia, Mongolia. S/EAP/ TrPal Chrysomela tremulae Fabricius, 1787 Bulgaria: Narechenski Bani Village (WARCHALOWSKI, 1974 – Melasoma tremulae); Zdravets Hut (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: from Ireland to Kamchatka and Sakhalin. S/EAP/TrPal Chrysomela vigintipunctata (Scopoli, 1763) Bulgaria: Iskra Village, Hrabrino Village (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: from East France to Japan. S/EAP/TrPal Colaphus sophiae (Schaller, 1783) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad (ANGELOV et al., 1965 – Colaphellus sophiae); Zdravets Hut (GRUEV, 1992 – Colaphellus sophiae); Novakovo Village, Hrabrino Village (GRUEV, 2002). Greece: Xanthi (GRUEV, 1990 b and 1992– Colaphellus sophiae). Distribution: Europe, Asia Minor. E/ME Entomoscelis adonidis (Pallas, 1771) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad (ANGELOV et al., 1965); above Peshtera (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Mid, South and East Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Syria, Iran, Kazakhstan, Siberia, Mongolia, China (Sinkiang), Pakistan. S/EAP/SibE Entomoscelis suturalis Weise, 1882 Greece: Xanthi (GRUEV, 1990 b, 1992). Distribution: Ukraine, South Russia, Caucasus, Azerbaijan, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Iraq, Iran, China. SWAs/SbIn/IT
462
B. GRUEV
Gastrophysa polygoni (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad (ANGELOV et al., 1965 – Gastroidea polygoni); Zdravets Hut (GRUEV, 1992); Novakovo Village, Iskra Village, Parvenets Village, Boikovo Village, Galabovo Village, Orehovo Village (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Siberia, Mongolia, China, Korea, North Africa. S/EAAP/HPal Gonioctena decemnotata (Marsham, 1802) Bulgaria: Belovo (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986 – Gonioctena rufipes); Rhodopes (GRUEV, 1992 – Gonioctena rufipes); Lukovitsa Place above Asenovgrad (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: from the British Isls to Japan. S/EAP/TrPal Gonioctena fornicata (Brueggemann, 1873) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, Bachkovo Village, Markovo Village (ANGELOV et al., 1965 – Phytodecta fornicata); above Peshtera and Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village (GRUEV, 1992); Parvenets Village, Hrabrino Village, Orehovo Village and Galabovo Village (GRUEV, 2002). Greece: Xanthi (GRUEV, 1990 b, 1992). Distribution: South and South-East Europe, Asia Minor, Syria; recently recorded from Slovakia. E/SbM/HSbM Gonioctena linnaeana (Schrank, 1781) Bulgaria: Shiroka Laka Village, Teshel Village, Bedenski Bani nr. Beden Village (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986). Distribution: Europe, Asia Minor, Kazakhstan, Siberia, Mongolia, Sakhalin. S/ EAP/TrPal Gonioctena pallida reticulata (Bechyné, 1947) Bulgaria: above Peshtera, Zdravets Hut (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: mountains of Bosnia, Herzegovina, Montenegro and Bulgaria. End/BnE Gonioctena viminalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: Bedenski Bani nr. Beden Village(GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986); Bachkovo Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Palaearctis (excl. Japan). S/EAP/TrPal Hydrothassa f lavocincta (Brullé, 1832) Bulgaria: Pashaliitsa Hut (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986). Distribiution: South Italy, Balkan Peninsula, Turkey. E/SbM/ESbM Hydrothassa glabra (Herbst, 1783) Bulgaria: Batak (GRUEV, 1968 b); above Peshtera, Trigrad Village, above Asenovgrad, Zmeitsa Village, Persenk Hut, Zdravets Hut, Izgrev Hut, Atoluka Place above Bratsigovo, Snezhanka Summit (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, West Siberia, Morocco. S/EAP/SibE
Chrysomelidae
463
Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say, 1824) Introduced from America (Colorado beetle). Pest on Solanaceae Oreina alpestris balcanica (Weise, 1883) Bulgaria: Karlak Summit above Smolyan (APFELBECK, 1912, 1916 – Chrysochloa alpestris above anthrisci); Ardashla Place nr. Pamporovo Resort, Dospat, Shiroka Laka Village and Chepelare (GRUEV, 1990 – Oreina variabilis balcanica); Orehovo Village, Sitovo Village, above Sarnitsa Village (GRUEV, 1992 – Oreina alpestris s. l.); Byala Cherkva Resort (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: Stara Planina Ridge (Bulgaria, Serbia), Macedonia (Mt. Shar), Montenegro (Mt. Chakor). End/BnE Oreina cacaliae dinarica (Apfelbeck, 1912) Bulgaria: Rhodopes (NEDELKOV, 1909 – Chrysochloa cacaliae). Distribution: mountains of Slovenia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia, Macedonia, Bulgaria. End/BnE Oreina luctuosa (Olivier, 1807) Bulgaria: Karlak Summit above Smolyan(APFELBECK, 1912, 1916 – Chrysochloa rugulosa); Pamporovo Resort (MOHR, 1969 – Chrysochloa rugulosa serbica); above Beglika Dam, Ardashla Place nr. Pamporovo Resort, Sitovo Village, Byala Cherkva Resort, Dospat and above Peshtera (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986 – Chrysochloa rugulosa; GRUEV, 1990a – Oreina rugulosa); Rhodopes (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1998 – Oreina caerulea). Distribution: Europe from Finland to Bulgaria. NH/B/Bm Oreina virgulata ljubetensis (Apfelbeck, 1912) Bulgaria: Karlak Summit above Smolyan (APFELBECK, 1912, 1916 – Chrysochloa virgulata); Chepelare (OBENBERGER, 1916-1917 – Chrysochloa Purkinei cepelarensis, Chrysochloa Purkinei bulgarica and Chrysochloa Purkynei coelicolor); Beglika Place (WARCHALOWSKI, 1974 – Chrysochloa virgulata); Ravnishta Place, Hvoina Village, Sitovo Village, Momchil Yunak Hut, Dedovo Village, Pamporovo Resort, Mezargidik Place and Bash Mandra Place nr. Persenk Summit, Chudnite Mostove Hut, above Devin, above Smolyan, Byala Cherkva Resort (GRUEV, 1990 a – Oreina virgulata); Persenk Hut, Dalboko Dere Valley (between Hvoina Village and Byala Cherkva Resort) (GRUEV, 1992 – Oreina virgulata s.l.); Rhodopes (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1998); Shilesta Chuka Summit, Kabata Hut, Orehovo Village (GRUEV, 2002); Dospat (VIG, 2002). Distribution: mountains of ? Serbia (Kosovo), Macedonia, Bulgaria, ? Albania. End/BnE Phaedon armoraciae (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: Rhodopes (MOHR, 1969); Batak, Bratsigovo, Atoluka Place above Bratsigovo (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Siberia. S/EAP/TrPal
464
B. GRUEV
Phaedon cochleariae (Fabricius, 1792) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad (GRUEV, 1968 b); Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village (GRUEV, 1969 b); Pamporovo Resort, Studenets Hut, Ardashla Place above Pamporovo Resort, Chepelare, Trigrad Village, Varvara Village, Bratsigovo, Zdravets Hut (GRUEV, 1992); Parvenets Village, Hrabrino Village and Manastir Village (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: Europe, Palaearctic Asia (incl. the tundra). S/EAP/TrPal Phaedon laevigatus (Duftschmid, 1825) Bulgaria: Lukovitsa Place above Asenovgrad (GRUEV, 1969 b). Distribution: Mid, South and East Europe. E/ME Phaedon pyritosus (Rossi, 1792) Bulgaria: Ruen Hut (ANGELOV et al., 1965); Krichim Village (GRUEV, 1969 b); Zdravets Hut (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, North Africa. S/EAP/SibE Phratora laticollis (Suffrian, 1851) Bulgaria: above Peshtera, Krichim Village, Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, Kapitan Dimitrievo Village; Dolni Voden Village, Zdravets Hut (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Palaearctic Asia. S/EAP/TrPal Phratora tibialis (Suffrian, 1851) Bulgaria: Velingrad, Hrabrino Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Asia Minor. E/ME Phratora vitellinae (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: Chepelare, Narechenski Bani Village, Shiroka Laka Village, above Peshtera, Bratsigovo, Rakitovo Village, Trigrad Village, Nastan Village, Smolyanski Ezera Hut, Smolyan,. Zdravets Hut, Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village (GRUEV, 1992); Dospat, Devin, vill Hrabrino (GRUEV, 2002). New material: Kesten Village,15.VI.2005. Distribution: Europe, Palaearctic Asia (excl. Japan). S/EAP/TrPal Phratora vulgatissima (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: Batak (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986); Batak Dam (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: from Europe to Kamchatka and the Ussuri area. S/EAP/TrPal Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting, 1781) Bulgaria: Chepelare, Peshtera, above Asenovgrad, Belovo, Akademik Hut above Hrabrino Village, Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village (GRUEV, 1992); Hrabrino Village (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: Palaearctis, India, Taiwan. S/EAAP/HPal
Chrysomelidae
465
Plagiosterna aenea (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad (GRUEV, 1968 b – Melasoma aenea); Bachkovo Village, Belovo (GRUEV, 1992); Hrabrino Village (GRUEV, 2002 – Linaeidea aenea). Distribution: Europe. Palaearctic Asia (incl. Japan). S/EAP/TrPal Prasocuris junci (Brahm, 1790) Bulgaria: Markovo Village (GRUEV, 1968 b); Chepelare, above Asenovgrad, Bratsigovo, Atoluka Place above Bratsigovo, Velingrad (GRUEV, 1992); Hrabrino Village, (GRUEV, 2000). Greece: Xanthi (GRUEV, 1990 b, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Azerbaijan, Turkey, North Africa. E/ME Timarcha goettingensis aerea (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1838) Bulgaria: Zdravets Hut, Bash Mandra Place nr. Persenk Summit (ANGELOV et al., 1965 – Timarcha goettingensis); Smolyan (GRUEV, 1992 – Timarcha goetingensis). Distribution: Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia (incl. Dalmatia), Montenegro, Macedonia, Serbia, Bulgaria. End/BnE Timarcha metallica (Laicharting, 1781) Bulgaria: Ruen Hut, Zdravets Hut (GRUEV, 1968 b, 1992). Distribution: mountains of Mid and South Europe. E/ME (mt) Timarcha pratensis (Duftschmid, 1825) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, Bachkovo Village (WARCHALOWSKI, 1974). Distribution: South-East Europe (East Alps, South Carpathians, northern Balkan Peninsula). E/SEE(mt) Timarcha tenebricosa (Fabricius, 1775) Bulgaria: Rhodopes (APFELBECK, 1912, 1916); Zdravets Hut (ANGELOV et al., 1965); Bratsigovo, Krichim Village, Shroka Laka (GRUEV, 1992). Dstribution: Mid, South and South-East Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor. E/ME
Galerucinae * Agelastica alni (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, 15.IV.1967; Lukovitsa Place above Asenovgrad, 12.VII.1973; Zdravets Hut, 20.V.1972; Varvara Village, 25.IV.1975, 5.V.1975. Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor. E/ME Calomicrus circumfusus (Marsham, 1802) Bulgaria: Chepelare, Zdravets Hut (ANGELOV et al., 1965 and GRUEV, TOMOV, 1965 – Luperus circumfusus); above Yakoruda (TOMOV, 1979). New material: Hrabrino Village, 2.VI.1957; Bachkovo Village, V. 1970; Dospat, 22.VII.1969; Studenets Hut, 19.VII.1974; Izgrev Hut, 15.VII.1977; Belite Brezi Hut, 26.V.1975. Distribution: Europe. E/ME
466
B. GRUEV
** Calomicrus pinicola (Duftschmid, 1825) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, 25.V.1977; Bachkovski Mon., 22.V.1968; Chepelare, 15.VI.1977; Zdravets Hut, 28.V.1973; Perelik Hut, 21.VII.1969; Studenets Hut, 26.VI.1968; above Yakoruda, 22.VII.1971. Distribution: from Catalonia and North France to Bulgaria, the basin of Dnieper and Finland. E/ME Exosoma gaudionis (Reiche, 1862) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, Bezovo Hut, Parvenets Village (ANGELOV et al., 1965 – Exosoma thoracica). New material: Orehovo Village, 5.VI.1967; Slaveino Village, 20.VIII.1968; Bachkovo Village, 20.V.1983, 20.VI.1984. Distribution: Balkan Peninsula (Albania, Macedonia, Greece, Bulgaria). End/BnE Galeruca interrupta circumdata Duftschmid, 1825 Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, Ruen Hut (ANGELOV et al., 1965); Velingrad (VIG, 2002). New material: Zdravets Hut, 22.V.1971, 16.VI.1960; Hrabrino Village, 16.V.1983; Shiroko Pole Village, 25.IV.1972; Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, 27.V.1971. Distribution: basin of Danube, Balkan Peninsula, Ukraine. E/SbM/ESbM Galeruca pomonae (Scopoli, 1763) Bulgaria: Ruen Hut, Boikovo Village, Ravnishta Place, Persenk Hut (ANGELOV et al., 1965 – Galeruca pomonae and Galeruca spectabilis). New material: above Asenovgrad, 16.X.1965; Gorni Voden Village, 15.XI.1970; Bachkovo Village, V.1970. Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Kazakhstan, North Iran, West Siberia. S/EAP/ SibE Galeruca rufa Germar, 1824 Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad (YOAKIMOV, 1904); Ruen Hut (ANGELOV et al., 1965). New material: Peshtera, 271.IV.1968; Bratsigovo, 27.VII.1966; Hrabrino Village, 22.VI.1968; Akademik, 26.V.1978; Zdravets Hut, 20.V.1972; above Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, 27.V.1971. Distribution: South France, Italy, basin of Danube, Balkan Peninsula, Ukraine, basin of lower Volga. E/SbM/HSbM Galeruca tanaceti (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: Asenova Krepost Reserve above Asenovgrad, Zdravets Hut, Chepelare, Persenk Hut, above Peshtera (ANGELOV et al., 1965); Velingrad (VIG, 2002). New material: Ruen Hut, 19.VI.1960; Zdravets Hut, 20.V.1972; Izgrev Hut, 15.VII.1977; Bachkovo Village, 20.VI.1984; Bedenski Bani, 11.V.1969; Batak, 11.VIII.1984; Rakitovo Village, VIII.1973; Pamporovo Resort, VIII.1966; Ardashla Place nr. Pamporovo Resort, 22.VI.1961; Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, 27.V.1971. Distribution: from Ireland and Portugal to Korea. S/EAP/TrPal ** Galerucella calmariensis (Linnaeus, 1767) Bulgaria: Zdravets Hut, 20.V.1972; Velingrad, 6.VI.1983.
Chrysomelidae
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Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Siberia, Mongolia, North China, Japan. S/EAP/TrPal Galerucella lineola (Fabricius, 1781) Bulgaria: Ravnishta Place (ANGELOV et al., 1965). New material: Bratsigovo, 22.VII.1959; Batak, 25.VIII.1966; above Peshtera, 21.IV.1968; Krichim Village, 6.IV.1957; Hrabrino Village. 19.V.1991; above Yakoruda, 12.V.1968; above Asenovgrad, 18.V.1979, on Alnus; Velingrad, 6.VI.1982. Distribution: from Ireland to Japan. S/EAP/TrPal Galerucella nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: Rhodopes (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1998). New material: Yundola Saddle (Yadenitsa Place). Distribution: Europe, Middle Asia, Siberia, North-West China, Japan. S/EAP/ TrPal ** Galerucella pusilla (Duftschmid, 1825) Bulgaria: Peshtera, 21.IV.1968, Bratsigovo, 21.IV.1968; Krichim Village, 29.VIII.1959; Parvenets Village, 29.V.1964, Akademik Hut, 22.V.1970; above Asenovgrad, 27.V.1959; Dolni Voden Village, 5.VIII.1972; Ruen Hut, 9.V.1963; Zdravets Hut, 26.V.1967; Persenk Hut, 10.IX.1963; Ravnishta Place, 1.IX.1963; Sitovo Village, 31.V.1059; Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, 28.IV.1968. Distribution: from Catalonia and the British Isls to Siberia and Mongolia. S/ EAP/SibE Galerucella tenella (Linnaeus, 1761) Bulgaria: Rhodopes (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1998). New material: Chudnite Mostove Hut, 21.V.1969; Trigrad Village, 15.VI.1972. Distribution: from Catalonia, East England and West Norway to the Amurland and Ussuri area. S/EAP/TrPal ** Lochmaea capreae (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: Bedenski Bani nr. Beden Village, 11. V. 1969, 22.VII.1969; Shiroka Laka Village, 12.V.1969. Distribution: from Spain and Ireland to North Norway; Japan. S/EAP/TrPal ** Luperus cyanipennis Kuester, 1848 Bulgaria: Krichim Village, 18.V.1958; Shiroka Laka Village, 11.V.1969. Distribution: France, Italy, Dalmatia, southern part of Mid Europe, basin of Danube. E/SbM/HSbM ** Luperus f lavipes (Linnaeus, 1767) Bulgaria: Zdravets Hut, 26.V.1967; Pamporovo Resort 29.VI.1966. Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, North-East Kazakhstan, Siberia, Mongolia. S/ EAP/SibE
468
B. GRUEV ** Luperus longicornis (Fabricius, 1781) Bulgaria: Zdravets Hut, 26.V.1967; Bezovo Hut, VII.1967. Distribution: from the Iberian Peninsula to East Siberia. S/EAP/SibE
** Luperus xanthopoda (Schrank, 1781) Bulgaria: Zdravets Hut, 17.V.1968; Galabovo Village, 12.V.1968; Chepelare, 7.VII.1970; Pamporovo Resort, 29.VI.1966; Velingrad, 6.VI.1983. Distribution: from the (?) Iberian Peninsula to Central Asia. S/EAP/SibE Phyllobrotica adusta (Creutzer, 1799) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad (YOAKIMOV, 1904, Asenovgrad, Bratsigovo (ANGELOV et al., 1965); Rhodopes (MOHR, 1969). New materal: vll. Parvenets, 15.V.1965; Ruen Hut, 13.V.1966; Bachkovski Mon. 22.V.1968; vll. Krichim, 13.VI.1958; Markovo Village, 6.VI.1976; Besaparski Hills above vll. Ognyanovo, 27.V.1971. Distribution: Balkan Peninsula, basin of Danube, Ukraine. E/ME Phyllobrotica quadrimaculata (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: Peshtera (TOMOV, 1971 a). Distributon: Europe, North and East Kazakhstan. S/EAP/SibE Sermilassa halensis (Linnaeus, 1767) Bulgaria: vll. Lilkovo (ANGELOV et al., 1965); Bachkovo Village (VIG, 2002). Distribution: large part of Europe; Kazakhstan, South-West Siberia, Altai, Mongolia. S/EAP/SibE Xanthogaleruca luteola (Mueller, 1766) Bulgaria: Parvenets Village, above Asenovgrad, Asenova Krepost Reserve (ANGELOV et al., 1965 – Galerucella luteola). New material: Peshtera, 10.VII.1957; Dolni Voden Village, 8.III.1965; Zdravets Hut, 17.V.1968; Akademik Hut, 22.V.1970; Kapitan Dimitrievo Village, 4.V.1973; Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, 28.IV.1968. Distribution: Europe (from Portugal, West France and Denmark to Caucasus), Asia Minor, Middle Asia, Iran; North Africa. SWAs/SbIn
Alticinae Aeschrocnemis rhodopensis (Gruev, 1973) Bulgaria: Rhodopes (MOHR, 1965 - Derocrepis serbica merditensis; GRUEV, in: TOMOV, GRUEV, 1973 a – Derocrepis serbica rhodopensis); Zdravets Hut, Bachkovski Mon., Panichkovo Village, Chudnite Mostove Hut (GRUEV, 1974 – Derocrepis serbica rhodopensis); Chudnite Mostove Hut, Galabovo Village, Akademik Hut above Hrabrino Village (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986 – Derocrepis serbica rhodopensis); Martsiganitsa Hut (GRUEV, 1990a – Derocrepis
Chrysomelidae
469
serbica rhodopensis); Popsko Village(GRUEV, 1992 – Derocrepis serbica rhodopensis); Ravnishta Place; Kabata Hut, Orehovo Village (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: Bulgaria, Asiatic Turkey. SWAs/Eux Remarks. The zoogeographic status of Aeschrocnemis rhodopensis is given here after GRUEV (1990a). Altica brevicollis Foudras, 1860 Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1998). Distribution: large part of Europe (incl. South Sweden), Caucasus countries, Turkey, Iran, Kazakhstan. E/ME Altica carduorum Guérin-Meneville, 1858 Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, Parvenets Village, Mandritsa Village, Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: from Europe to Siberia. S/EAP/SibE Altica impressicollis (Reiche, 1862) Bulgaria: Krichim Village, Zdravets Hut, Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village (GRUEV, 1992); Novakovo Village, Iskra Village, Barutin Village, Boikovo Village, Orehovo Village, nr. Ledenitsata Cave (GRUEV, 2002). Greece: Xanthi (GRUEV, 1990 b, 1992). Distribution: Mid and South Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Iran, Syria, Israel. E/ME Altica lythri Aubé, 1843 Bulgaria: Velingrad (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Turkey. E/ME Altica oleracea Linnaeus, 1758 Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, Bachkovo Village, Bachkovski Mon., Zdravets Hut, Ruen Hut, Pamporovo Resort, Studenets Hut, Perelik Hut, Byala Cherkva Resort, Chepelare, Bratsigovo, Zmeitsa Village (GRUEV, 1992). New material: Yundola Saddle (Rogachevitsa Place), 25.VI.2004, Snezhanka Summit, 3.IX. 2004 and Kesten Village, 15.VI.2005, leg. M. KECHEV. Distribution: Europe, Palaearctic Asia. S/EAP/TrPal Altica quercetorum Foudras, 1860 s. str. Bulgaria: Peshtera, Belovo and Zdravets Hut (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Mid and South Europe, Caucasus, Turkey. E/ME Altica tamaricis Schrank, 1785 Bulgaria: Hvoina Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Palaearctic Asia (excl. Japan). S/EAP/TrPal
470
B. GRUEV
Aphthona abdominalis (Duftschmid, 1825) Bulgaria: Devin (WARCHALOWSKI, 1974); Markovo Village, Bachkovo Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Mid and South Europe, Caucasus, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Siberia, Mongolia, China, Japan. S/EAP/TrPal Aphthona atrovirens (Forster, 1848) Bulgaria: Devin (WARCHALOWSKI, 1974); Bachkovo Village (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986); Dobrostan Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Mid, South and East Europe, Caucasus, Turkey. E/ME Aphthona cyparissiae (Koch, 1803) Bulgaria: Bachkovo Village (WARCHALOWSKI, 1974); Sitovo Village, Studenets Hut (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Mid, South and East Europe. E/ME Aphthona euphorbiae (Schrank, 1781) Bulgaria: Rhodopes (MOHR, 1969); Varvara Village, above Asenovgrad, Bachkovo Village, Markovo Village, Parvenets Village, Zdravets Hut, Pamporovo Resort, Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, Kapitan Dimitrievo Village, (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Palaearctic Asia eastwards to the Baikal area; North Africa. S/EAP/SibE Aphthona f lava Guillebeau, 1895 Bulgaria: Rhodopes (MOHR, 1969); above Asenovgrad, Lukovitsa Place above Asenovgrad, Bachkovo Village, Dedovo Village, Parvenets Village, Zdravets Hut, Ruen Hut (GRUEV, 1992); Plochnik Village, Tsar Kaloyan Village, Galabovo Village, Boikovo Village (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: South-East Europe westwards to Italy; Turkey. E/ME ** Aphthona franzi Heikertinger, 1944 Bulgaria: Bachkovski Mon., 27.V.1970. Distribution: Mid, South-East and East Europe, Caucasus, Turkey, Israel, Syria, Altai. S/EAP/SibE Aphthona herbigrada (Curtis, 1837) Bulgaria: Bachkovski Mon. (GRUEV, 1970); Bachkovo Village, Pashaliitsa Hut (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986). Distribution: Mid and South Europe, North-West Africa. E/ME Aphthona lutescens (Gyllenhal, 1813) Bulgaria: Parvenets Village, above Asenovgrad (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Palaearctic Asia eastwards to Transbaikalia (Buryatia); Yemen. S/EAP/SibE
Chrysomelidae
471
Aphthona nigriceps (Redtenbacher, 1842) Bulgaria: Lukovitsa Place above Asenovgrad (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: southern part of Mid Europe, South Europe, Caucasus, Turkey, Syria, Israel, South Sporades, Norh-West Africa. E/SbM/HSbM Aphthona nigriscutis Foudras, 1860 Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad (Lukovitsa Place), Yavorovo Village, Gorni Voden Village, Chepelare, Zdravets Hut, Varhovrah Hut, Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Mid, South and East Europe, Caucasus, Turkey, Iran, West Kazakhstan, West Siberia. S/EAP/SibE Aphthona nonstriata (Goeze, 1777) Bulgaria: Peshtera (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Turkey, Iran. E/ME Aphthona ovata Foudras, 1860 Bulgaria: Bachkovo Village (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986). Distribution: Mid, South and East Europe, Caucasus, Turkey (Bosporus). E/ME Aphthona parnassicola Heikertinger, 1944 Bulgaria: Bachkovski Mon. (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1975); Bachkovo Village, Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, Novokrichimski Rid Hills (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: North and Mid Greece, Macedonia, South Bulgaria. End/BnE Aphthona placida (Kutschera, 1864) Bulgaria: Pamporovo Resort (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Poland, Austria, North Italy, Hungary, Romania, Slovenia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Moldavia, Ukraine, South Russia. E/ME Aphthona pygmaea (Kutschera, 1861) Bulgaria: Rhodopes (MOHR, 1969); above Asenovgrad, Lukovitsa Place above Asenovgrad, Bachkovo Village, Varvara Village, Chudnite Mostove Hut, Zdravets Hut, Pashaliitsa Hut, Velingrad (GRUEV, 1992). Greece: Xanthi (GRUEV, 1990 b, 1992). Distribution: whole of Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Rhodos, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Yemen, North-East Africa. E/ME Aphthona semicyanea Allard, 1859 Bulgaria: Rhodopes (MOHR, 1969); Bachkovo Village (WARCHALOWSKI, 1974); Lukovitsa Place above Asenovgrad (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Mid and South Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Iran, Syria, Israel, Kazakhsatn, Middle Asia. S/EAP/SibE
472
B. GRUEV
Aphthona venustula (Kutschera, 1861) Bulgaria: Rhodopes (MOHR, 1969); above Asenovgrad, Asenova Krepost Reserve, Bachkovski Mon., Bachkovo Village, Narechenski Bani Village, Byala Cherkva Resort, Chudnite Mostove Hut, Akademik Hut, Batak, Dospat, Varvara Village, Peshtera, Atoluka Place above Bratsigovo, Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, Velingrad (GRUEV, 1992); Parvenets Village (GRUEV, 2002). New material: Dolni Voden Village, 10.V.2005, Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor. E/ME Batophila moesica Heikertinger, 1948 Bulgaria: Zdravets Hut, Izgrev Hut, Chudnite Mostove Hut, Studenets Hut, Chepelare, Progled Village, Devin, Pashaliitsa Hut (GRUEV, 1990 a); Pamporovo Resort (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: mountains of Bulgaria and Romania. E/SEE (mt) Batophila rubi (Paykull, 1799) Bulgaria: Narechenski Bani Village (GRUEV, 1990a). New material: Snezhanka Summit, 3.IX.2004, leg. M. KECHEV. Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, West Siberia. S/EAP/SibE Chaetocnema arenacea (Allard, 1860) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad (GRUEV, 1968 a). Distribution: southern part of Mid Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, North-West Africa. E/ME Chaetocnema arida Foudras, 1860 Bulgaria: above Peshtera (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986); el. Novokrichimski Rid Hills (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Mid, West and East Europe, Caucasus, Turkey, North-West Africa. E/ME Chaetocnema aridula (Gyllenhal, 1827) Bulgaria: above Peshtera, Sarnitsa Village, Bratsigovo, Zdravets Hut (GRUEV, 1992); Sarnitsa Village, Besaparski Hills, Novokrichimski Rid Hills (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, whole of Siberia, North-West Africa. S/EAAP/HPal Chaetocnema chlorophana (Duftschmid, 1825) Bulgaria: Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: Mid, South and East Europe, Caucasus, Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Israel, North-West Africa. E/ME Chaetocnema compressa (Letzner, 1847) Bulgaria: Byala Cherkva Resort (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986). Distribution: Mid and East Europe, Caucasus, Kazakhstan. E/ME
Chrysomelidae
473
Chaetocnema concinna (Marsham, 1802) Bulgaria: Peshtera, above Asenovgrad, Varvara Village, Zdravets Hut (GRUEV, 1992); Barutin Village nr. Lednitsata Cave (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: Europe, Palaearctic Asia (excl. Japan), Algeria. S/EAAP/HPal Chaetocnema coyei (Allard, 1863) Bulgaria: Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: Albania, Dalmatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, North Greece, Caucasus, Armenia, Turkey, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Israel, Jordan. E/SbM/ESbM Chaetocnema hortensis (Geoffroy, 1785) Bulgaria: Devin, Trigrad Village, Dospat, Borino Village, Chepelare, Izgrev Hut, Narechenski Bani Village, Pamporovo Resort, Perelik Hut, Smolyanski Ezera Hut, Zdravets Hut , Ruen Hut, Peshtera, Bratsigovo, Markovo Village, above Asenovgrad, Dolni Voden Village (GRUEV, 1992) . Distribution: Europe, Palaearctic Asia (excl. Japan), Madeira, South Arabia, NorthWest Africa, Chad, Sudan. S/EAP/HPal Chaetocnema montenegrina Heikertinger, 1912 Bulgaria: Chepelare, Shiroka Laka Village, Trigrad Village, Zdravets Hut, Perelik Hut, Dabrash Ridge (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: South-East Europe, Armenia, Asia Minor, Turkmenistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Middle Asia. SWAs/SbIn/IT Chaetocnema picipes Stehens, 1831 Bulgaria: Chernatitsa Ridge (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986 – Chaetocnema heikertingeri); Ruen Hut (GRUEV, 2002). New material: Smolyanski Ezera Hut, 30.VII.1993. Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Iran, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Siberia, Mongolia, China, Korea. S/EAP/TrPal Chaetocnema sahlbergi (Gyllenhal, 1827) Bulgaria: Batashka Mountain (WARCHALOWSKI, 1974); Studenets Hut, Sarnitsa Village, Batak (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Turkey, whole of Siberia, Mongolia. S/EAP/TrPal ** Chaetocnema scheff leri (Kutschera, 1864) Bulgaria: Dolni Voden Village, 10.05.2005. Greece: Xanthi (GRUEV, 1990 b, 1992). Distribution: Mid and South Europe, Caucasus, Azerbaijan, Asia Minor, Iran, Iraq, North-West Africa. E/SbM/HSbM Chaetocnema semicoerulea (Koch, 1803) Bulgaria: Devin (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: Mid and South Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Kazakhstan, Siberia eastwards to the Baikal area. S/EAP/SibE
474
B. GRUEV
Chaetocnema tibialis (Illiger, 1807) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, Kapitan Dimitrievo Village, Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, Novokrichimski Rid Hills, Varvara Village, Dolni Voden Village, Bratsigovo, Zdravets Hut, Ruen Hut, Ravnishta Place, Rozhen Place, Debrashtitsa Village (GRUEV, 1992); nr. Lednitsata Cave (GRUEV, 2002). New material: Dolni Voden Village, 17.V.2005. Distribution: Europe, Palaearctic Asia eastwards to the Baikal area; North Africa. S/EAP/SibE Crepidodera aurata (Marsham, 1802) Bulgaria: Devin, Hvoina Village, Narechenski Bani Village, Bedenski Bani nr. Beden Village, Bratsigovo, Galabovo Village, Zdravets Hut, Pamporovo Resort, Varvara Village, Bachkovski Mon., Akademik Hut above Hrabrino Village (GRUEV, 1992); Dospat (GRUEV, 2002). New material: Kesten Village, 15.VI.2005. Distribution: Europe, Palaearctic Asia excl. Japan), Morocco. S/EAAP/HPal Crepidodera aurea (Geoffroy, 1785) Bulgaria: Bedenski Bani nr. Beden Village, Bachkovo Village, Velingrad, Zdravets Hut (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Cyprus, Iran, Kazakhstan. Middle Asia, West Siberia, Transbaikalia. S/EAP/SibE Crepidodera fulvicornis (Fabricius, 1792) Bulgaria: Narechenski Bani Village (WARCHALOWSKI, 1974 – Chalcoides fulvicornis). Distribution: from nearly the whole of Europe to the Amurland. S/EAP/TrPal Crepidodera lamina (Bedel, 1901) Bulgaria: Bachkovo Village, Narechenski Bani Village (WARCHALOWSKI, 1974 – Chalcoides lamina); Zdravets Hut (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986 – Chalcoides lamina). Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor. E/ME Crepidodera nigricoxis (Allard, 1878) Bulgaria: Devin, Bedenski Bani nr. Beden Village(GRUEV, 1975 – Chalcoides nigricoxis, 1990; Varvara Village and Orehovo Village (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: South-East Europe, Caucasus. E/SbM/ESbM Crepidodera nitidula (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: Zdravets Hut, Narechenski Bani Village (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986 – Chalcoides nitidula). Distribution: Europe, West and Middle Siberia, Sayan Mts. S/EAP/SibE Crepidodera plutus (Latreille,1804) Bulgaria: Krichim Village (GRUEV, 1968a – Chalcoides plutus); Zdravets Hut (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: from Europe to Japan, Sakhalin and Kuril Islands. S/EAP/TrPal
Chrysomelidae
475
Derocrepis rufipes (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: Rhodopes (NEDELKOV, 1909); Peshtera, above Asenovgrad, Smolyan, Ardashla Place nr. Pamporovo Resort, Akademik Hut (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, West and Middle Siberia, Sayan Mts. S/EAP/SibE Dibolia cryptocephala (Koch, 1803) Bulgaria: Beglika Place (WARCHALOWSKI,1974); Dospat, above Asenovgrad, Bachkovo Village (GRUEV, 1992). New material: Snezhanka Summit, 3.IX.2004, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Mid, South and East Europe, Caucasus, Kazakhstan, West Siberia. S/EAP/SibE Dibolia femoralis Redtenbacher, 1849 Bulgaria: Peshtera, Bachkovo Village (MOHR, 1981); above Asenovgrad (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986). Distribution: Mid and South Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Rhodos. E/ME Dibolia foersteri Bach, 1859 Bulgaria: Dospat (GRUEV, 1971). Distribution: Europe. E/ME Dibolia occultans (Koch, 1803) Bulgaria: Rhodopes (MOHR, 1969); Debrashtitsa Village, Bratsigovo, Bachkovski Mon. (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, North-West Africa. E/ME Dibolia rugulosa Redtenbacher, 1849 Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: from France and Belgium to Russia, Ukraine and Caucasus. E/ME Dibolia schillingii (Letzner, 1847) Bulgaria: Hrabrino Village (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986); above Asenovgrad (GRUEV, 1992); Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: Mid and East Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, West Kazakhstan. E/ME Dibolia timida (Illiger, 1807) Greece: Xanthi (GRUEV, 1990 b, 1992). Distribution: Mid and South Europe, North-West Africa. E/ME Epitrix intermedia Foudras, 1860 Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, Bachkovo Village, Varvara Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Mid, South and East Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor. E/ME
476
B. GRUEV * Epitrix pubescens (Koch, 1803) Bulgaria: Dolni Voden Village, 10.V.2005. Distribution: from the whole of Europe to West Siberia. S/EAP/SibE
Hippuriphila modeeri (Linnaeus, 1761) Bulgaria: Sarnitsa Village, Krichim Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, whole of Siberia, Mongolia. S/ EAP/TrPal Longitarsus aeneicollis (Faldermann, 1837) Bulgaria: Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, Debrashtitsa Village, Bachkovo Village, Lukovitsa Place above Asenovgrad, Belovo (GRUEV, 1992 – Longitarsus suturalis); Akademik Hut (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Israel, Lebanon, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, North-West Africa. E/ME Longitarsus albineus (Foudras, 1860) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986). Distribution: Mid Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Cyprus, Iraq, Israel, Afghanistan, Middle Asia. SWAs/SbIn/IT Longitarsus anchusae (Paykull, 1799) Bulgaria: Markovo Village, Pamporovo Resort (GRUEV, 1969a); Trigrad Village, above Asenovgrad, Dolni Voden Village, Bachkovo Village, Bachkovski Mon., Batsigovo, Zdravets Hut (GRUEV, 1992); Hrabrino Village, Akademik Hut (GRUEV, 2002) Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Iran, Afghanistan, Syria, Jordan, Cyprus, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Siberia. S/EAP/SibE Longitarsus apicalis (Beck, 1817) Bulgaria: Chepelare (GRUEV, 1969 a); Progled Village, Perelik Hut, Mezargidik Place nr. Persenk Summit, Persenk Hut, Chudnite Mostove Hut, Izgrev Hut, Pashaliitsa Hut, Zdravets Hut, Dedovo Village, Satovcha Village (GRUEV, 1990 a); Peshtera, Dospat, Sarnitsa Village, Golyam Perelik Summit, Rozhen Place, Koprivkite Place nr. Zdravets Hut (GRUEV, 1992); Manastir Village and nr. Ledenitsata Cave (GRUEV, 2002). New material: Yundola Saddle, 27.VI.2004, and Snezhanka Summit, 3.IX.2004, leg. M. Kechev; Smolyanski Ezera Hut, 30.VII.1993; Skalni Mostove Hut, 1650 m. Distribution: Europe, Canary Isls, Caucasus, West and South Siberia. S/EAP/ SibE Longitarsus ballotae (Marsham, 1802) Bulgaria: Bachkovo Village (WARCHALOWSKI, 1974); above Asenovgrad, Bratsigovo, Varvara Village, Debrashtitsa Village, Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: from West Europe to Altai and Mongolia; North Africa, Yemen. S/ EAP/SSibE
Chrysomelidae
477
Longitarsus bertii Leonardi, 1973 Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad and Chepelare (GRUEV, 1971- Longitarsus ferrugineus); Rhodopes (LEONARDI, 1973); Narechenski Bani Village, Ruen Hut (WARCHALOWSKI, 1974 – Longitarsus pseudoferrugineus); Kapitan Dimitrievo Village, above Asenovgrad, Novakovo Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Mid and East Europe, Italy, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Turkmenistan, Syria, Israel, Cyprus, Iran. E/ME Longitarsus brunneus (Duftschmid, 1825) Bulgaria: Ruen Hut (GRUEV, 1973a); above Asenovgrad (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Palaearctic Asia (excl. Japan). S/EAP/TrPal Longitarsus bulgaricus Gruev, 1973 Bulgaria: Zdravets Hut (GRUEV, 1971 – Longitarsus pinguis); Zdravets Hut, Bachkovski Mon. (GRUEV, 1973a). Distribution: Bulgaria, Romania. E/SbM/ESbM Longitarsus exoletus (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: Velingrad, above Asenovgrad (GRUEV, 1970 – Longitarsus exoletus rufulus); Chepelare (GRUEV, 1992); Bachkovo Village (GRUEV, 2002, VIG, 2002). Distribution: whole of Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Syria, Cyprus, Turkmenistan, Iran, Afghanistan. E/ME Longitarsus fallax Weise, 1888 Greece: Xanthi (GRUEV, 1990 b and 1992 – Longitarsus dimidiatus). Distribution: South and South-East Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Transcaspia, Iran, Afghanistan, Iraq, Israel, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, North-East Africa. SWAs/SbIn/IT Longitarsus foudrasi Weise, 1893 Bulgaria: Bachkovo Village (WARCHALOWSKI, 1974). Distribution: Mid and South Europe, Palaearctic Asia (excl. Japan), North-West Africa. S/EAP/TrPal Longitarsus fuscoaeneus Redtenbacher, 1849 Bulgaria: Novokrichimski Rid Hills (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Mid, South and East Europe, Caucasus, Armenia, Turkey, Near East. E/ME Longitarsus holsaticus (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: Peshtera (GRUEV, 1969a). Distribution: Europe, Palaearctic Asia. S/EAP/TrPal Longitarsus juncicola (Foudras, 1860) Bulgaria: Bachkovo Village (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986); Novokrichimski Rid Hills (GRUEV, 1992)
478
B. GRUEV
Distribution: southern half of Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, North Africa. E/ SbM/HSbM Longitarsus kutscherae Rye, 1872 Bulgaria: Batak, below Perelik Summit (GRUEV, 1971). Sarnitsa Village (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986). Distribution: Europe, Palaearctic Asia (excl. Japan), Algeria. S/EAAP/HPal Longitarsus lateripunctatus personatus Weise, 1893 Bulgaria: Bachkovo Village and Hrabrino Village (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986). Distribution: Mid and South Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Rhodos, Cyprus, Israel. E/ME Longitarsus lewisii (Baly, 1874) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad (GRUEV, 1973a – Longitarsus scutellaris). Distribution: from Europe to Korea and Japan; North Vietnam, Taiwan. S/EAP/ TrPal Longitarsus linnaei (Duftschmid, 1825) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad (GRUEV, 1969 a), Novakovo Village, Bachkovo Village, Bachkovski Mon., Zdravets Hut, Shiroka Laka Village, Varvara Village, Kapitan Dimitrievo Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Mid and South Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Iran, Syria, Israel. E/ME Longitarsus luridus (Scopoli, 1763) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, Markovo Village (DIRIMANOV, ANGELOVA, 1964); Bachkovo Village (GRUEV, KRÁL, 1975 – Longitarsus conspiciabilis); Chepelare, Novakovo Village, Bachkovo Village, Bachkovski Mon., Narechenski Bani Village, Krichim Village, Bratsigovo, Atoluka Place above Bratsigovo, Zdravets Hut, Pashaliitsa Hut, Akademik Hut (GRUEV, 1992); Boikovo Village (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: Europe, Palaearctic Asia eastwards to Vladivostok. S/EAP/TrPal Longitarsus lycopi (Foudras, 1860) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad (DIRIMANOV, CHIKRENOV, 1961); Chepelare, Peshtera, Zdravets Hut, Izgrev Hut (GRUEV, 1969 a); Bachkovski Mon., Markovo Village, Dosat, Pavelsko Village, Bratsigovo, Debrashitsa Village, Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, Satovcha Village (GRUEV, 1992); Hrabrino Village, Orehovo Village (GRUEV, 2002). New material: Snezhanka Summit, 3.IX.2004, leg. M. Kechev; Skalni mostove Hut, 1650 m, 20.VIII.2000. Distribution: from the whole of Europe to Kazakhstan and Middle Asia; East Mediterranean, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, North Africa. E/ME Longitarsus medvedevi Shapiro, 1956 Bulgaria: Beglika Dam (GRUEV, 1992), Sarnitsa Village (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1998).
Chrysomelidae
479
Distribution: Mid (incl. South Sweden) and East Europe (incl. Bashkiria and Ukraine), Uzbekistan. E/ME Longitarsus melanocephalus (De Geer, 1775) Bulgaria: Peshtera, above Asenovgrad (GRUEV, 1969 a); Satovcha Village, Narechenski Bani Village, Progled Village, Trigrad Village, Dospat, Devin, Novakovo Village, Bachkovski Mon., Dolni Voden Village, Velingrad, Krichim Village, Novokrichimski Rid Hills, Bratsigovo, Atoluka Place above Bratsigovo, Chudnite Mostove Hut, Perelik Hut, nr. Sarnitsa Village, Pandakla Place nr. Borino Village, Pashaliitsa Hut, Pamporovo Resort, Mezargidik Place nr. Persenk Summit (GRUEV, 1992). Greece: Xanthi (GRUEV, 1990 b, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Palaearctic Asia eastwards to Transbaikalia. S/EAP/TrPal Longitarsus minusculus (Foudras, 1860) Bulgaria: Akademik Hut (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986); Bachkovo Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Mid, South and East Europe, Daghestan, Turkey. E/ME Longitarsus nanus (Foudras, 1860) Bulgaria: Bachkovo Village and Bachkovski Mon. (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986). Distribution: Mid and South Europe, Cauacsus, Turkey, Rhodos, Israel, Algeria. E/ME Longitarsus nasturtii (Fabricius, 1792) Bulgaria: Satovcha Village, Bryanovshtitsa Hut (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: from Europe to Korea; Tibet, China. S/EAP/TrPal Longitarsus niger (Koch, 1803) Bulgaria: Chepelare, Rozhen Place, Shiroka Laka Village, Zdravets Hut, Dospat, Markovo Village, Peshtera, Krichim Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor. E/ME Longitarsus nigrofasciatus (Goeze, 1777) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad and Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village (GRUEV, 1969 a); Kapitan Dimitrievo Village, Chepelare, Novakovo Village, Varvara Village, Velingrad, Novokrichimski Rid, Bratsigovo, Bachkovo Village, Rani List Village, Chudnite Mostove Hut, Smolyanski Ezera Hut, Koprivkite Place nr. Zdravets Hut, Zdravets Hut, Bachkovski Mon., Asenova Krepost Reserve, Pashaliitsa Hut, Atoluka Place above Bratsigovo (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: from Europe to West Siberia; North-West Africa. S/EAP/SibE Longitarsus nimrodi Furth, 1979 Bulgaria: Velingrad (GRUEV, DÖBERL, 2005). New material: above Asenovgrad, 12.VI.1969. Distribution: North-East Italy, Slovenia, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Turkey, Israel. E/ SbM/ESbM
480
B. GRUEV
Longitarsus obliteratus (Rosenhauer, 1847) Bulgaria: Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, Hrabrino Village, Bachkovski Mon., Trigrad Village (GRUEV, 1873 a); above Asenovgrad (GRUEV, 1969 a); Pavelsko Village, Kuklen Village, Bratsigovo, Pashaliitsa Hut, Ruen Hut, Akademik Hut (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: South and East Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Syria, Israel, Jordan, Iran. E/ME Longitarsus ochroleucus (Marsham, 1802) Bulgaria: Bachkovo Village (BOROWIEC, 1979 – Longitarsus nervosus; GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986). Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Canary Isls, North-West Africa. E/ME Longitarsus parvulus (Paykull, 1799) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, Bachkovo Village, Bachkovski Mon., Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: from Europe to Middle Siberia and Sayan Mts.; Canary Isls S/EAP/ SibE Longitarsus pellucidus (Foudras, 1860) Bulgaria: Devin, Smolyanski Ezera Hut, Sarnitsa Village, above Asenovgrad, Novakovo Village and Satovcha Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Palaearctic Asia eastwards to Sayan Mts. and Mongolia. S/ EAP/SibE Longitarsus pratensis (Panzer, 1794) Bulgaria: Velingrad, Bratsigovo, Borino Village, Progled Village, Dospat, Smolyan, Trigrad Village, Bachkovo Village, Sarnitsa Village, Peshtera, Pavelsko Village (GRUEV, 1992). New material: Skalni Mostove Hut, 1650 m. Distribution: whole of Europe, Palaearctic Asia eastwards to Middle Asia. E/ME Longitarsus quadriguttatus (Pontoppidan, 1765) Bulgaria: Chepelare (GRUEV, 1971). Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor. E/ME Longitarsus rectilineatus (Foudras, 1860) Bulgaria: Belovo (GRUEV, KRÁL, 1975). Distribution: Mid, South and East Europe, Caucasus, Turkey, Syria, Israel, Cyprus, Iran, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Middle Asia, Algeria, Tunisia. SWAs/SbIn/IT Longitarsus salviae Gruev, 1975 Bulgaria: Mihalkovo Village (GRUEV, 1975). Distribution: Europe (without the northern parts), Caucasus, Turkey. E/ME
Chrysomelidae
481
Longitarsus scutellaris (Mulsant et Rey, 1873) Bulgaria: Borino Village, Pamporovo Resort, Zdravets Hut, Bachkovo Village, Satovcha Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Siberia, Mongolia. S/EAP/SibE Longitarsus substriatus Kutschera, 1863 Bulgaria: Markovo Village (GRUEV, 1970). Distribution: Mid, East and South-East Europe, Kazakhstan. E/ME Longitarsus succineus (Foudras, 1860) Bulgaria: Belovo, Chepelare, Bachkovo Village, Bryanovshtitsa Hut, Perelik Summit (GRUEV, 1992). New material: Skalni mostove Hut, 1650 m. Distribution: Europe, Palaearctic Asia, North-West Africa. S/EAAP/HPal Longitarsus suturellus (Duftschmid, 1825) Bulgaria: Dospat, Shiroka Laka Village, Bratsigovo and Trigrad Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: from the whole of Europe to Korea, Japan and Kuril Islands. S/ EAP/TrPal Longitarsus tabidus (Fabricius, 1775) Bulgaria: Narechenski Bani Village (WARCHALOWSKI, 1974); Peshtera, Bratsigovo, Chepelare, Pavelsko Village, Novokrichimski Rid, Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village (GRUEV, 1992); Bachkovo Village (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: from Europe to West Siberia, Sayan Mts. and Mongolia; North-West Africa. S/EAP/SibE Lythraria salicariae (Paykull, 1800) Bulgaria: Chepelare and Devin (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986). Distribution: Europe, Palaearctic Asia. S/EAP/TrPal Mantura obtusata (Gyllenhal, 1813) Bulgaria: Bratsigovo, Lukovitsa Place above Asenovgrad, Bachkovo Village, Novokrichimski Rid, Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: nearly whole of Europe, Caucasus. E/ME Mniophila muscorum (Koch, 1803) Bulgaria: Batak Dam (GRUEV, 1970). Distribution: Europe, Caucasus. E/ME Neocrepidodera corpulenta (Kutschera, 1860) Bulgaria: Rhodopes (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986 - Crepidodera corpulenta). Distribution: the western Alps, Carpathians, mountains of the Balkan Peninsula. E/ME (mt)
482
B. GRUEV
Neocrepidodera ferruginea (Scopoli, 1763) Bulgaria: Rhodopes (MOHR, 1969 – Crepidodera ferruginea); Chepelare, Dospat, Sarnitsa Village, Smolyan, Peshtera, Bratsigovo, Narechenski Bani Village, Shiroka Laka Village, Bachkovo Village, Bachkovski Mon., above Asenovgrad, Laki, Trigrad Village, Chudnite mostove Hut, ? Summit, Ardashla Place nr. Pamporovo Resort, Persenk Hut (GRUEV, 1992 – Asiorestia ferruginea); Boikovo Village, Galabovo Village, Dedovo Village, Barutin Village (GRUEV, 2002); Bachkovo Village (VIG, 2002). Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Turkey, Iran. E/ME Neocrepidodera motschulskii (Konstantinov, 1991) Bulgaria: Ardashla Place nr. Pamporovo Resort (TOMOV, GRUEV, 1973a – Crepidodera sublaevis). Distribution: whole of Europe, Caucasus, Armenia, Turkey, Pamir, West Siberia. S/EAP/SibE Neocrepidodera transversa (Marsham, 1802) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village (GRUEV, 1992 – Asiorestia transversa); Bachkovo Village (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Cyprus, Iran. E/ME Phyllotreta astrachanica Lopatin, 1977 Bulgaria: Novokrichimski Rid Hills, Bratsigovo, and Atoluka Place above Bratsigovo (GRUEV, 1992). Greece: Xanthi (GRUEV, 1990 b, 1992). Distribution: Mid, South and East Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Cyprus, NorthWest Kazakhstan. E/ME Phyllotreta atra (Fabricius, 1775) Kapitan Dimitrievo Village, Novakovo Village, Galabovo Village, Varvara Village, above Asenovgrad, Bachkovo Village, Dospat, Chepelare, Markovo Village, Novokrichimski Rid Hills, Bratsigovo, Atoluka Place above Bratsigovo, Pandakla Place nr. Borino Village, Smolyanski Ezera Hut, Pamporovo Resort, Zdravets Hut, Perelik Hut, Pashaliitsa Hut, Byala Cherkva Resort (GRUEV, 1992); Hrabrino Village (GRUEV, 2002). New material: Skalni Mostove Hut, 1650 m. Distribution: Europe, Palaearctic Asia (incl. Kuril Islands, excl. Japan); Morocco. S/EAAP/HPal Phyllotreta balcanica Heikertinger, 1909 above Asenovgrad, Zdravets Hut (GRUEV, 1977); Peshtera, Bratsigovo (GRUEV, 1992). New material: Dolni Voden Village, 17.V.2005. Distribution: from South and South-East Europe to Kazakhstan and Middle Asia. SWAs/SbIn/IT
Chrysomelidae
483
Phyllotreta bulgarica Gruev, 1977 Boikovo Village (GRUEV, 1977). Distribution: Bulgaria, Greece, Israel. E/SbM/ESbM Phyllotreta corrugata Reiche, 1858 Greece: Xanthi (GRUEV, 1990 b, 1992). Distribution: South and South-East Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Cyprus, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, North Africa. SWAs/SbIn/IT Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze, 1777) Bulgaria: Kapitan Dimitrievo Village, Markovo Village, Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, above Asenovgrad, Bachkovo Village, Bratsigovo, Chepelare, Varvara Village, Zdravets Hut, Pamporovo Resort, Ardashla Place nr. Pamporovo Resort (GRUEV, 1992). New material: Smolyanski Ezera Hut, 30.VII.1993. Distribution: from the whole of Europe to West Siberia, Sayan Mts. and Mongolia; India; North Africa, Ethiopia, Sudan. S/EAP/SibE. Phyllotreta diademata (Foudras, 1860) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, Zdravets Hut (GRUEV, 1982); Markovo Village, Bachkovo Village, Varvara Village, Bratsigovo, Batak Dam (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: from Europe to Central Asia; recorded also from India (Sikkim). S/EAP/SibE Phyllotreta erysimi Weise, 1900 Bulgaria: Markovo Village (GRUEV, 1970). Distribution: South-East and East Europe, Caucasus, Turkey, Syria, Israel, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Middle Asia. SWAs/SbIn/IT Phyllotreta exlcamationis (Thunberg, 1784) Bulgaria: Bratsigovo (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: from the whole of Europe to the Russian Far East. S/EAP/TrPal Phyllotreta nemorum (Linnaeus, 1758) Bulgaria: above Peshtera, Bratsigovo, Dospat, Sarnitsa Village, Shiroka Laka Village and Varvara Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Palaearctic Asia (excl. Japan). S/EAP/SibE Phyllotreta nigripes (Fabricius, 1775) Bulgaria: Peshtera, Bratsigovo, Atoluka Place above Bratsigovo, Devin, Nastan Village, Trigrad Village, Chepelare, Lukovitsa Place above Asenovgrad, Topolovo Village, Novakovo Village, Panichkovo Village, Byala Cherkva Resort, Bachkovo Village, Bachkovski Mon., Zdravets Hut, Koprivkite Place nr. Zdravets Hut, Pamporovo Resort, Studenets Hut, Varvara Village (GRUEV, 1992); Hrabrino Village, Boikovo Village, nr. Ledenitsata Cave (GRUEV, 2002). New material: Skalni Mostove Hut, 1650 m. Greece: Xanthi (GRUEV, 1990 b, 1992). Distribution: from the whole of Europe to Middle Asia; North Africa. E/ME
484
B. GRUEV Phyllotreta nodicornis (Marsham, 1802) Bulgaria: Novokrichimski Rid Hills, Dobrostan Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Turkey. E/ME
Phyllotreta ochripes (Curtis, 1837) Bulgaria: Bratsigovo, Zdravets Hut, Varvara Village (GRUEV, 1992); Parvenets Village (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: Europe, Palaearctic Asia (excl. Japan). S/EAP/TrPal Phyllotreta procera (Redtenbacher, 1849) Bulgaria: el. Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, above Asenovgrad, Bachkovski Mon., Zdravets Hut (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Mid and South Europe, Macaronesia, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Israel, Jordan, Cyprus, Iran, Middle Asia, North-West Africa, Tanzania. SWAs/SbIn/IT Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius, 1803) Bulgaria: Bachkovo Village, Zdravets Hut, Chudnite Mostove Hut, Shiroka Laka Village, Pamporovo Resort, Atoluka Place above Bratsigovo, Sarnitsa Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Asia, Indonesia. S/EAP/TrPal Phyllotreta tetrastigma (Comolli, 1837) Bulgaria: Pamporovo Resort, Izgrev Hut (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Turkey, West and Middle Siberia, Yakutia. S/EAP/SibE Phyllotreta undulata Kutschera, 1860 Bulgaria: Dospat, Chepelare, Shiroka Laka Village, Pamporovo Resort, Ardarshla Place nr. Pamporovo Resort, Smolyanski Ezera Hut, Varvara Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: whole of Europe, Palaearctic Asia (excl. Japan). S/EAP/TrPal Phyllotreta vilis Weise, 1888 Bulgaria: Novakovo Village (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986); Bachkovo Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: South-East Europe, Turkey. E/SbM/ESbM Phyllotreta vittula (Redtenbacher, 1849) Bulgaria: Kuklen Village (DIRIMANOV, ANGELOVA, 1964); Rhodopes (MOHR, 1969); Novakovo Village, Lukovitsa Place above Asenovgrad, Bachkovski Mon., Bachkovo Village, Bratsigovo, Atoluka Place above Bratsigovo, Chepelare, Varvara Village, Satovcha Village, Galabovo Village, Perelik Hut, Chudnite Mostove Hut, Pamporovo Resort, Studenets Hut, Zdravets Hut, Ruen Hut, Izgrev Hut, Martsiganitsa Hut (GRUEV, 1992); nr. Ledenitsata Cave (GRUEV, 2002). New material: Smolyanski Ezera Hut, 30.VII.1993. Distribution: whole of Europe, Palaearctic Asia (excl. Japan). S/EAP/TrPal
Chrysomelidae
485
Podagrica fuscicornis (Linnaeus, 1766) Bulgaria: Peshtera, Zdravets Hut (GRUEV,1992). Distribution: Europe (excl. the northern part), Caucasus, Asia Minor, Syria, Israel, Lebanon, North-West Africa, Canary Isls. E/ME Podagrica malvae (Illiger, 1807) Bulgaria: Bratsigovo, above Asenovgrad (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Mid, South and East Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Israel, Jordan, Cyprus. E/ME Podagrica menetriesi (Faldermann, 1837) Bulgaria: Narechenski Bani Village (WARCHALOWSKI, 1974); Krichim Village, Peshtera, Zdravets Hut (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Mid, South and East Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Rhodos, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, West China. SWAs/SbIn/IT Psylliodes affinis (Paykull, 1799) Bulgaria: Parvenets Village, above Asenovgrad, Bachkovo Village, Bachkovski Mon., Novokrichimski Rid Hills, Varvara Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Kazakhstan, West Siberia, Morocco. S/EAP/SibE Psylliodes attenuatus (Koch, 1803) Bulgaria: Novokrichimski Rid Hills (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Palaearctic Asia. S/EAP/TrPal Psylliodes brisouti Bedel, 1898 Bulgaria: Zdravets Hut (GRUEV, KRÁL, 1975). Distribution: Mid, South and South-East Europe, Turkey. E/ME Psylliodes chalcomerus (Illiger, 1807) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: from nearly the whole of Europe to West Siberia; North-West Africa. S/EAAP/HPal Psylliodes circumdatus (Redtenbacher, 1842) Bulgaria: Bratsigovo, Krichim Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Mid and South Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Near East, Iran, North Africa. E/ME Psylliodes cupreus (Koch, 1803) Bulgaria: Besaparski Hills, Bratsigovo, Varvara Village (GRUEV, 1992); Hrabrino Village (GRUEV, 2002). New material: Skalni Mostove Hut, 1650 m. Greece: Xanthi (GRUEV, 1990 b, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Palaearctic Asia eastwards to Transbaikalia; North-West Africa. S/EAP/SibE
486
B. GRUEV
Psylliodes dulcamarae (Koch,1803) Bulgaria: Bratsigovo, above Asenovgrad, Bachkovski Mon., Parvenets Village, Varvara Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: from Europe to West Siberia. S/EAP/SibE Psylliodes instabilis Foudras, 1860 Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, Bachkovski Mon. (GRUEV, 1971); Bachkovo Village, Parvenets Village, Bratsigovo, Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Mid and South Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Cyprus, Israel, North-West Africa. E/ME Psylliodes kiesenwetteri Kutschera,.1864 Bulgaria: Rhodopes (MOHR, 1965 - Psylliodes gibbosa; GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986); above Asenovgrad, Bachkovo Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: South-East Europe, Italy, Austria, Turkey. E/SbM/ESbM Psylliodes luteolus (Mueller, 1776) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, Besaparski Ridove Hills (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Mid, South and East Europe, Caucasus, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Iran. E/ME Psylliodes napi (Fabricius, 1792) Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, Chepelare, Progled Village, Studenets Hut, Ardashla Place nr. Pamporovo Resort, Chudnite Mostove Hut, Perelik Hut (GRUEV,1992). Distribution: Europe, Palaearctic Asia (excl. Japan), North-West Africa. S/EAAP/HPal Psylliodes thlaspis Foudras, 1860 Bulgaria: Studenets Place nr. Zdravets Hut (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Mid, South and East Europe, Caucasus. E/ME Psylliodes tricolor Weise, 1888 Bulgaria: Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village (GRUEV, 1992 – Psylliodes sophiae); Hrabrino Village (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: from Europe to the Baikal area; Morocco. S/EAP/SibE Sphaeroderma testaceum (Fabricius, 1775) Bulgaria: Rhodopes (MOHR, 1969) Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Azerbaijan, Cyprus. E/ME
Hispinae Hispa atra Linnaeus, 1767 Bulgaria: Peshtera, above Asenovgrad, Bachkovo Village, Markovo Village, Sitovo Village (ANGELOV et al., 1965 – Hispella atra); Chepelare, Novakovo Village, Varvara
Chrysomelidae
487
Village, Zdravets Hut, Velingrad (GRUEV, 1992); Plochnik Village, Hrabrino Village, Ravnishta Place (GRUEV, 2002); Velingrad (VIG, 2002). Distribution: from Europe to West China; North Africa. S/EAP/SibE
Cassidinae Cassida atrata Fabricius, 1787 Bulgaria: Smolyan, Novokrichimski Rid Hills, Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Mid and South-East Europe, Caucasus, Turkey. E/ME ** Cassida canaliculata Laicharting, 1781 Bulgaria: Besaparski Hills. Distribution: from East France to East Kazakhstan (mainly in the basin of the Danube and in Ukraine). S/ EAP/SibE Cassida denticollis Suffrian, 1844 Bulgaria: Chudnite Mostove Hut (GRUEV, 1967); Beglika Dam (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: from the British Isls to Siberia and Mongolia. S/EAP/SibE Cassida fastuosa Schaller, 1783 Bulgaria: Bratsigovo (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: from the British Isls to the Baikal area. S/EAP/SibE Cassida f laveola Thunberg, 1794 Bulgaria: Bratsigovo, Chepelare (ANGELOV et al,1964 – Cassida berolinensis); Studenets Place nr. Zdravets Hut (GRUEV, 1967); Peshtera, Kapitan Dimitrievo Village, Varvara Village, Trigrad Village, Zdravets Hut, Ardashla Place nr. Pamporovo Resort, Akademik Hut (GRUEV, 1992). New material: Hrabrino Village, 21.V.1996. Distribution: from Europe to the Russian Far East. S/EAP/TrPal Cassida hemisphaerica Herbst, 1799 Bulgaria: Rhodopes (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986); above Peshtera, Bratsigovo (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Europe, Mediterranean. E/ME Cassida inquinata Brullé, 1832 Bulgaria: Hrabrino Village (GRUEV, 2002). Greece: Xanthi (GRUEV, 1990 b, 1992). Distribution: Mid and South Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Syria, Turkmenistan, North-West Africa. E/ME
488
B. GRUEV
Cassida margaritacea Schaller, 1783 Bulgaria: Chepelare, above Asenovgrad (GRUEV, 1967); Novakovo Village, Atoluka Place above Bratsigovo (GRUEV, 1992) Distribution: from West France to the Baikal area. S/EAP/SibE Cassida murraea Linnaeus, 1767 Bulgaria: Parvenets Village (ANGELOV et al., 1965). Distribution: Palaearctis (excl. North Africa). S/EAP/TrPal Cassida nebulosa Linnaeus, 1758 Bulgaria: Bratsigovo, Krichim Village (GRUEV, 1992); above Asenovgrad, Parvenets Village (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: from the British Isls to Japan. S/EAP/TrPal Cassida nobilis Linnaeus, 1758 Bulgaria: Beglika Dam (GRUEV, 1967); Belovo, Krichim Village, Bratsigovo, Atoluka Place above Bratsigovo (GRUEV, 1992). Distribution: Palaearctis (incl. Japan). S/EAP/TrPal Cassida pannonica Suffrian, 1844 Bulgaria: Peshtera, above Asenovgrad, Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village (GRUEV, 1992); Asenova Krepost Reserve (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: from Mid Europe to Kazakhstan, Middle Asia and West China. SWAs/SbIn Cassida prasina Illiger, 1798 Bulgaria: Bratsigovo, above Asenovgrad, Bachkovo Village, Bachkovski Mon., Zdravets Hut, Bryanovshtitsa Hut, Novakovo Village, Krichim Village, Trigrad Village, Debrashtitsa Village, Velingrad, Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village, Varvara Village (GRUEV, 1992). Greece: Xanthi (GRUEV, 1990 b, 1992). Distribution: from Europe to Siberia and West China. S/EAP/SibE Cassida rubiginosa Müller, 1776 Bulgaria: Chehlyovo Place (GRUEV, 1967); Bratsigovo, above Asenovgrad, Parvenets Village, Zdravets Hut, Perelik Summit, Pamporovo Resort, Studenets Hut, Smolyanski Ezera Hut, Chudnite Mostove Hut, Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village (GRUEV, 1992); Hrabrino Village (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: Palaearctis; Taiwan. S/EAAP/HPal Cassida sanguinolenta Müller, 1776 Peshtera, Bratsigovo, Lukovitsa Place above Asenovgrad, Novakovo Village, Zdravets Hut, Narechenski Bani Village, Kapitan Dimitrievo Village, Markovo Village, Hrabrino Village (GRUEV, 1992); Parvenets Village, Boikovo Village (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: from Europe to Kamchatka. S/EAP/TrPal
Chrysomelidae
489
Cassida stigmatica Suffrian, 1844 Bulgaria: Ravnishta Place (GRUEV, TOMOV, 1986). Distribution: from North Spain, West France and Belgium to North China. S/ EAP/SibE Cassida subferruginea Schrank, 1776 Bulgaria: Velingrad (= Chepino) (YOAKIMOV, 1904); Bachkovo Village, Narechenski Bani Village, Novakovo Village, Bezovo Hut, Bratsigovo, Velingrad (GRUEV, 1992); above Asenovgrad, Dedovo Village (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: Palaearctis. S/EAP/TrPal ** Cassida subreticulata Suffrian, 1844 Bulgaria: above Yundola Saddle, 27.VI.2004, leg. M. KECHEV. DISTRIBUTION: from Europe to the Amurland. S/EAP/SibE Cassida vibex Linnaeus, 1767 Bulgaria: above Asenovgrad, Bachkovo Village, Parvenets Village, Sitovo Village (ANGELOV ET AL., 1965); Dospat, Bratsigovo, Zdravets Hut, Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village (GRUEV, 1992); Hrabrino Village (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: from Europe to Japan. S/EAP/TrPal Cassida viridis Linnaeus, 1758 Peshtera, Parvenets Village, Bachkovo Village (ANGELOV et al., 1965); above Asenovgrad, Narechen Village, Peshtera, Bratsigovo, Zdravets Hut, Besaparski Hills above Ognyanovo Village (GRUEV, 1992); Plochnik Village, Hrabrino Village (GRUEV, 2002). Distribution: Palaearctis. S/EAAP/HPal
Zoogeographical composition Biogeographically the studied area belongs to the Rila-Rhodopes subregion above 900-1000 m. a. s. l. of the mountainous region, and below that altitude – to the Upper trace subregion of the Middle-Bulgarian region (GRUEV, 1988 b). According to the zoogeographic classification used by the author till now (GRUEV, 1988 a, 1990, 1995; GRUEV in: GRUEV, KUZMANOV, 1994, 1999; GRUEV, BECHEV, 2000) in the Western Rhodopes there are members of 5 zoogeographic complexes and a group of endemics established: Northern Holarctic complex – 1 (Boreo-mountainous element – 1), Siberian complex – 174 (Euro-Asiatic Palaearctic element: Sibero-European subelement – 82, Southsibero-European subelement – 9, Transpalaearctic subelement – 66, Holarctic subelement – 1, Euro-Asiatic-African Plaearctic element [This element is mentioned here for the first time. It has to be different from “Euro-Asiatic Plaearctic element” and its content emphasizes presence of the Siberian faunistic complex also in North Africa]: Holopalaearctic subelement – 16); European complex – 133 (Mideuropean element – 91, Mideuropean mountainous element – 3, South-East European mountainous subelement – 2, Submediterranean element: Holosubmediterranean subelement – 14,
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Eastsubmediterranean subelement – 23), South-West Asiatic complex – 21 (Subianian element – 7, Irano-Turanian subelement – 11, Asia Minor subelement – 2, Euxinian element - 1), Mediterranean complex – 1 (Holomediterranean element – 1), Endemics – 10 (Balkan endemics – 8, Bulgarian endemics – 1, Greek endemics - 1). Introduced - 1. The group of the endemics established in the Western Rhodopes includes the Bulgarian relict species Rhodopaea angelovi and the Balkan endemic mountainous subspecies Gonioctena pallidus reticulata, Oreina alpestris balcanica, O. cacaliae dinarica and O. virgulata ljubetensis. Rhodopaea angelovi belongs to a monotypical relict genus with a praeglacial origin. Its distribution range covers a tiny territory of the central part of the Western Rhodopes (Chernatitsa Ridge: environs of the Zdravets Hut, incl. the Studenets Place). The existence of this very local relict endemic in grassy habitations within the zone of mixed mesophilous and coniferous woods is threatened by the increasing tourist’s presence. The rest of the endemics pointed above evidently have Mid European mountainous ancestors and their origin in the Balkan mountains was the result of migrations and isolations of European populations by glacial and interglacial events. The presence of all the members of the endemic group illustrates the conservation possibilities of the Western Rhodopes and respectively of the Bulgarian nature.
Acknowledgements I deeply thank Dr. VASSIL TOMOV of the University of Plovdiv who kindly placed his materials (identified by him) of Orsodacninae, Zeugophorinae, Donaciinae, Criocerinae, Clytrinae, Cryptocephalinae and Galerucinae at my disposal for the present work. My thanks also go to the Master of Biology M. KECHEV of the University of Plovdiv, for collecting specimens for me in the Western Rhodopes.
References ANGELOV P. 1960. Etudes sur l’entomofaune du parc “Delassement et Culture” près de Plovdiv, avec quelques notes faunologiques. – Godishnik na muzeite v Plovdiv. “Hristo G. Danov”: 7-40 (in Bulgarian, summary in French). ANGELOV P. 1964. Coleoptera aus Thrakischen Tiefebene und einigen angrenenden Gebieten. – Die Fauna Thrakiens (Sammelwerk). I. Sofia, Bulg. Akad. Wissensch., p. 247-296 (in Bulgarian, summary in German). ANGELOV P., B. GRUEV, V.TOMOV. 1964. Neue Chrysomelidaearten für die Fauna Bulgariens. – Trav. Sci. Ecole Normale Supér., Plovdiv, 2, Biol.,2: 83-85 (in Bulgarian, summary in German). ANGELOV P., V. TOMOV, B. GRUEV. 1965. II. Contribution to the research of the coleopterous fauna of Rhodopi Mountains. Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera). – Trav. Sci. Ecole Normale Supér., Plovdiv, 3, Biol. 2: 139-150 (in Bulgarian, summary in English). APFELBECK V. 1912. Komponente balkanske faune iz roda Chrysomelidae (Col.). – Glasnik zem. Muz. Bosn.-Herzeg., 24: 235-263 (in Serbian). APFELBECK V. 1916. Die Komponenten der Balkanfauna der Chrysomelidae (Col.). – Wissensch. Mitt. aus Bosn. und der Herz., 13: 354-396 BOROWIEC L. 1979. Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) new to the Bulgarian fauna. – Bul. Ent. Pologne, 49: 481-483. BECHYNÉ J. 1950. 7e contribution à la connaissance du genre Chrysolina Motsch. (Col. Phytophaga Chrysomelidae). – Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey, 1: 47-185.
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DIRIMANOV M. 1966. [Chrysomela polita L. – A new pest of the peppermint.] – Priroda, Sofia, 3: 65-66 (in Bulgarian). DIRIMANOV M., R. ANGELOVA. 1964. Über die Fauna der Erdflöhe (Coleoptera, Halticinae). – Wissensch. Arb. Landwirtsch. Hochschule “W. Kolarow”, Plovdiv, Fak. Weisn- und Gartenbau, 13(2): 217-220 (in Bulgarian, summary in German). DIRIMANOV M., D. CHIKRENOV. 1961. Insects nuisibles chez la menthe apparus pendant les années 1956-1958. – Sci. Works of Higher Agricult. Inst. “V. Kolarov”, Plovdiv, 9: 93-98 (in Bulgarian, summary in French). GRUEV B. 1967. Über die Arten der Unterfamilie Cassidinae (Chrys., Col.) in Bulgarien. - Acta Musei Macedonici Scientiarum Naturalium, 11, 2(92): 17-37. GRUEV B. 1968 a. New species of Halticinae (Chrysom., Col.) for the fauna of Bulgaria. - Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 6, Biol., 2: 155-156 (in Bulgarian, summaries in Russian and English). GRUEV B. 1968 b. A contribution to the fauna of Chrysomelinae (Chrysomelidae, Col.) in Bulgaria. – Natura, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Plovdiv – Bulgarie, 2(1): 115-117. GRUEV B. 1969 a. A contribution on the genus Longitarsus in Bulgaria (Chrysom., Halticinae). – Trav. Sci. Ecole Normale Supérieure, Plovdiv (Bulgarie), 7, Biol. 1: 173-175 (in Bulgarian, summaries in Russian and English). GRUEV B. 1969 b. On the species of the genus Phaedon in Bulgaria. - Trav. Sci. Ecole Normale Supérieure, Plovdiv (Bulgarie), 7, Biol. 1: 177-180 (in Bulgarian, summaries in Russian and English). GRUEV B. 1970. New genera and species of Halticinae (Chrysom., Col.) for the fauna of Bulgaria. - Trav. Sci. Ecole Normale Supérieure, Plovdiv (Bulgarie), 8, Biol. 3: 151-154 (in Bulgarian, summaries in Russian and English). GRUEV B. 1971. Für die Fauna Bulgariens neue Arten der Unterfamilie Halticinae (Col., Chrysom.). – Mitt. Deutsch. Entomol. Ges., Berlin, 30 (5-6): 58-59. GRUEV B. 1973 a. Neue Angabe über die Systematik und Verbreitung einiger paläarktischen Arten der Gattung Longitarsus Latr. mit Beschreibung einer neue Art aus Bulgarien (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Bulgarie, 11, Biol. 5: 105-124. GRUEV B. 1973 b. Über die Einheit der Longitarsus lycope - Gruppe and Longitarsus obliteratus - Gruppe mit Notizen über Verbreitung, Nomenklatur und diagnostische Merkmale einigen Arten, sowie Beschreibung von zwei neuen Arten (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). - Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Bulgarie, 11, Biol. 5: 127-145. GRUEV B. 1974. Zwei neue Unterarten von Derocrepis serbica (Kutschera, 1860) aus Bulgarien (Col. Chrysomelidae). – Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey, 25: 121-130. GRUEV B. 1975. Zwei neue Arten der Unterfamilie Halticinae und taxonomische Notizen über Chalcoides nigricoxis (Allard, 1878) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). – Acta zoologica bulgarica, 1: 89-95. GRUEV B. 1977. Neue Angaben über einige paläarktischen Blattkäfer und Beschreibung von zwei neuen Alticinen aus Bulgarien (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). - Acta zoologica bulgarica, 8: 65-73. GRUEV B. 1878. Bulgarian Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) in the Moravian museum (Brno). - Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Bulgarie, 16, Biol. 4: 105-115. GRUEV B. 1982. Neue Angaben über einige Blattkäfer aus der Alten Welt (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). – Faun. Abh. Mus. Tierk. Dresden, 9(8): 109-114. GRUEV B. 1988 a. Check-list and zoogeography of the species of Alticinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of the Bulgarian Black Sea side. – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv (Bulgaria), 26, Biol., 6: 79-134. GRUEV B. 1988 b. [General biogeography]. – Sofia, “Nauka i izkustvo”. 396 pp. (in Bulgarian). GRUEV B. 1990 a. Mountain leaf beetles of Eumolpinae, Chrysomelinae and Alticinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in Bulgaria. Fauna and zoogeography. - Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 28, Biol. 6: 27-61 (in Bulgarian, summary English). GRUEV B. 1990 b. The geographic distribution of Lamprosomatinae, Eumolpinae, Chrysomelinae, Alticinae, Hispinae and Cassidinae in Greece (Coleoptera, Chysomelidae). – Dtsch. ent. Z., N. F., 37(4-5): 289-359. GRUEV B. 1992. Geographical distribution of the leaf beetle subfamilies Lamprosomatinae, Eumolpinae, Chrysomelinae, Alticinae, Hispinae and Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on the Balkan Peninsula. Plovdiv University Press. 510 pp.. GRUEV B. 2002. New distributional data about some leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae, Chrysomelinae, Alticinae, Hispinae, Cassidinae) in the Balkan Peninsula. – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv (Bulgaria), 38, Animalia, 6: 17-34. GRUEV B. 2004. Zoogeographical study on the leaf beetles of the subfamilies Eumolpinae, Chrysomelinae, Alticinae, Hispinae and Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria).
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– in: Beron, P., Popov, A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, p. 439-452. GRUEV B., M. DÖBERL. 2005. General distribution of the flea beetles in the Palaearctic subregion (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae: Alticinae). Supplement. – Pensoft. 239 pp. GRUEV B., J. KRÁL. 1975. Einige Alticiden, neu für Bulgarien nebst taxonomischen Änderungen (Chrysomeloidea, Phytophaga, Coleoptera). – Entomologische Nachrichten, 10:161-163. GRUEW, B., W. TOMOW. 1965. Für die Fauna bulgariens unbekannte und seltene Arten von Blattkäfern (Col. Chrysomelidae). – Mitt. Deutsch. Ent. Ges., Berlin, 24(5-6): 82-83. GRUEV B., V. TOMOV. 1968. A new genus and species of the leaf-beetle Rhodopaea angelovi, gen. et sp. n. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from Bulgaria. –Revue d’Entomologie de l’URSS, 47(3): 553-555 (in Russian, summary in English). GRUEV B., V. TOMOV. 1975. Bemerkungen über einige Blattkäfer, die Dr. A. Warchalowski 1974 für Bulgarien mitgeteilt hat (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv (Bulgaria), 13, Biol., 4: 153-169. GRUEV B., V. TOMOV. 1986. Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae. - In: Fauna bulgarica, 16, Acad. Sci. Bulg., Sofia. 388 pp. (in Bulgarian). GRUEV B., V. TOMOV. 1998. Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae. – In: Catalogus faunae bulgaricae, Sofia, Pensoft. 160 pp. MOHR K.-H. 1969. Beitrag zur Chrysomelidaefauna Bulgariens. – Beitr. Entomol., 19(3):389-394. MOHR K.-H. 1981. Revision der paläarktischen Arten der Gattung Dibolia Latreille, 1829 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Halticinae). – Bull. Ent. Pologne, 51: 393-469. NEDELKOV N. 1909. [Fifth contribution to the entomological fauna of Bulgaria]. – Sbornik za narodni umotvoreniya, nauka i knizhnina, Sofia, 25: 1-37 (in Bulgarian). OBENBERGER J. 1916-1917. II. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der paläarktischen Käferfauna. – Arch. Naturgesch., Berlin. 82 A(4): 9-45. TOMOV V. 1970. A contribution on the genus Labidostomis Redt. in Bulgaria (Chrysomelidae, Col.). – Trav. Sci. Ecole Normale Supér., Plovdiv, 8, Biol., 3: 155-159 (in Bulgarian, summaries in Russian and English). TOMOV V. 1971 a. On the species of the genus Phyllobrotica Redt. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in Bulgaria. – Trav. Sci. Ecole Normale Supér., Plovdiv, 9, Biol.,1:141-144 (in Bulgarian, summaries in Russian and English). TOMOV V. 1971 b. Some new and rare species of genus Cryptocephalus Geoffr. (Col., Chrysomelidae) for the fauna of Bulgaria and the Balkan Peninsula. – Trav. Sci. Ecole Normale Supér., Plovdiv, 9, Biol., 2:1511594 (in Bulgarian, summaries in Russian and English). TOMOV V. 1973 a. New species of genus Donacia F. (Col., Chrysomelidae) for the fauna of Bulgaria. - Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 11, Biol. 2: 147-148 (in Bulgarian, summaries in Russian and English). TOMOV V. 1973 b. Über die Arten der Untergattung Asiopus (Cryptocephalus, Chrysomelidae, Col.) in Bulgarien. – Natura, Univ. Plovdiv (Bulgaria), 6(1): 141-146. TOMOV V. 1976. New and little known species of Chrysomelidae (Col.) for the fauna of Bulgaria.- Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv (Bulgarie), 14, Biol., 4: 179-181. TOMOV V. 1979. Bulgarian leaf beetles (Col., Chrysomelidae) in the Moravian Museum of Natural History. - Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv (Bulgarie), 17, Biol., 4: 175-180. TOMOV V., B. GRUEV 1973. Neue Blattkäfer für die Fauna Bulgariens mit Notizen über einige mitgeteilt Arten (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). - Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv (Bulgarie), 11, Biol., 5: 93-102. VIG K. 2002. Beetle collection of the Savaria museum (Szombathely, Hungary) II. Leaf beetle collection of Attila Podlussany (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). - Praenorica Folia historico-naturalia, Szombathely. p. 5-171. WARCHALOWSKI A. 1974. Übersicht der Blattkäfer Bulgariens (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). - Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 44: 473-542. YOAKIMOV D. 1904. [A contribution to the Bulgarian insects fauna]. - Sbornik za narodni umotvoreniya, nauka i knizhnina, Sofia, 20: 1-43 (in Bulgarian). Author’s address: Prof. Blagoy Gruev P. O. Box 289 4000 Plovdiv Bulgaria
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Листоядите (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) на Западните Родопи (България и Гърция). Фаунистика и зоогеография Благой ГРУЕВ (Р е з ю м е) До сега в Западни Родопи са установени 341 вида и подвида листояди, 46 (**) от които се съобщават тук за първи път за фауната на Родопите. Два вида (*) са нови за Западни Родопи. Посочени са нови данни за 75 таксона. Предложена е зоoгеографска класификация, според която към Северния Холарктичен комплекс принадлежи един таксон (Борео-монтанен елемент – 1), към Сибирския комплекс – 174 (Евро-Азатски Палеарктичен елемент: Сибирско-Европейски субелемент – 84, Южносибирско-Еропейски субелемент – 8, Холопалеарктичен субелемент – 16, Транспалеарктичен субелемент – 66, Холарктичен елемент – 1, Евро-Азиатско-Африкански Палеарктичен елемент [Този елемент се споменава тук за пьрви пьт и е в противовес на «Евро-Азиатски Палеарктичен елемент» Неговото значение е да подчертае присьствие на Сибирския комплекс и в Северна Африка]: Холопалеарктичен субелемент – 16), към Европейски комплекс – 133 (Средноевропейски елемент – 91, Средноевропейски планински елемент – 3, Югоизточноевропейски планински субелемент – 2, Холосубмедитерански субелемент – 14, Източносубмедитерански субелемент – 23), към ЮгозападноАзиатски комплекс – 21 (Субирански елемент – 7, Ирано-Турански субелемент – 11, Малоазийски субелемент – 2, Евксински елемент - 1), към Медитеранския комплекс – 1 (Холомедитерански елемент – 1), към групата на ендемитите – 10 (Балкански ендемити – 8, Български ендемити – 1, Гръцки ендемити - 1) и към интродуцираните – 1.
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Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Checklist of the Braconid fauna (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) collected in the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
NIKOLAI BALEVSKI
Balevski N. 2006. Checklist of the braconid fauna (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) collected in the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P. (ed) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 495-526. Abstract. This paper gives a faunistic checklist of Braconid fauna (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) based on the material collected in the period 1975 – 1994 from 74 localities in the Bulgarian part of the Western Rhodopes by the Bulgarian entomologists Dr. Angel Zaykov, Dr. Nikolai Balevski and Dr. Ilko Bassamakov. The checklist contains 292 species belonging to 80 genera and 22 subfamilies (6 ectoparasitoids and 21 endoparasitoids) of family Braconidae. Key words: Braconidae, Hymenoptera, Faunistic, Western Rhodopes, Bulgaria.
Introduction The Braconid fauna of the Western Rhodopes in Bulgaria was poorly know until the publishing of the first list in 1977 (ZAYKOV, 1977). That paper listed 4 Braconid species from 3 genera and 2 subfamilies. A second list was presented in 1978 (ZAYKOV, 1978), adding 32 new species belonging to 18 genera and 13 subfamilies. In 1979, a detailed faunistic checklist was published with 32 new Braconid species of 21 genera and 5 subfamilies (ZAYKOV, 1979a, 1979b). After that, many new species were published (BALEVSKI, 1980, 1983, 1985; BALEVSKI & TOBIAS, 1980; ZAYKOV & BASSAMAKOV, 1985, 1988, 1994; ACHTERBERG, 1990, 1993, 1994, 2000) so the number of the known species reached 292 species belonging to 80 genera and 22 subfamilies of the family Braconidae. In this paper, the collection localities, their altitude in meters and faunistic data are given for almost all species.
Agathidinae Agathis anglica Marshall, 1885 Localities: Aida Hut, 760 m, 5.6.1976; Chepelare Village, Smolyan Region, 1140 m, 25.6.1977; Boykovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 1000 m, 24.7.1978; Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 30.7.1978 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1999).
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Agathis assimilis Kokujev, 1895 Localities: Mezar Gidik, 1800 m, 21.6.1977; Persenk Summit, 1200 m, 2.8.1978; Rozhen Summit, 1550 m, 17.6.1978; Izgrev Hut, 1800 m, 14.7.1978; Erkyuprya Hut, 1450, 15.7.1980 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1999). Agathis breviseta Nees, 1812 Locality: Peshtera, 400 m, 1.5.1977 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1999). Agathis fulmeki Fischer, 1957 Locality: Boykovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 1000 m, 18.7.1979 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1999). Agathis fuscipennis (Zetterstedt, 1838) Localities: Chepelare Village, Smolyan Region, 1140 m, 25.6.1977; Velingrad, 800 m, 27.7.1977; Lilkovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 1200 m, 17.9.1977; Bryanovshtitsa Hut, 950 m, 25.7.1978 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1999). Agathis griseifrons Thomson, 1895 Locality: Mezar Gidik, 1800 m, 21.6.1977 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1999). Agathis malvacearum (Latreille, 1805) Localities: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 20.7.1977, Satovcha Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 23.7.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983); Sveta Marina, 600 m, 30.4.1976 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1999). Agathis melpomene Nixon, 1986 Locality: Tsigov Chark, 1100 m, 9.8.1979 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1999). Agathis montana Shestakov, 1932 Localities: Boykovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 1000 m, 15.7.1977; Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 25.6.1978; Stoykite Village, Smolyan Region, 1000 m, 4.8.1978; Tsigov Chark, 1100 m, 9.8.1979 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1999). Agathis nigra Nees, 1812 Localities: Rodopski Partizani Hut, 600 m, 8.7.1976; Sveta Marina, 600 m, 12.7.1976; Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 29.7.1977; Bryanovshtitsa Hut, 950 m, 29.7.1977; Dobrostan Village, Asenovgrad Region, 650 m, 25.6. 1978 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1999). Agathis rufipalpis Nees, 1812 Localities: Sveta Marina, 600 m, 12.7.1976; Boykovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 1000 m, 12.6.1977; Erkyupriya Hut, 1450 m, 21.6.1977; Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 21.6.1978; Batak, 1000 m, 4.7.1978 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1999).
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Agathis taurica Telenga, 1955 Localities: Chepelare Village, Smolyan Region, 1140 m, 23.5.1977; Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 18.7.1978 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1999). Agathis varipes Thomson, 1895 Localities: Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 3.7.1974; Boykovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 1000 m, 18.7.1974; Galabovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 700 m, 18.7.1974; Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 8.9.1974 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1999). Bassus nugax (Reinhard, 1867) Microdus nugas Reinhard, 1867 auct. Localities: Rodopski Partizani Hut, 600 m, 25.6.1977; Dobrostan Village, Asenovgrad Region, 650 m, 24.6.1978; Velingrad, 800 m, 25.6.1978; Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 8.7.1978; Bryanovshtitsa Hut, 950 m, 25.7.1978; Beglika Hut, 1530 m, 9.8.1978 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1992). Bassus tegularis (Thomson, 1895) Microdus tegularis Thomson, 1895 auct. Localities: Gornoslav Village, Asenovgrad Region, 600 m, 15.5.1978; Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 29.6.1977; Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 17.7.1977; Galabovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 700 m, 30.7.1978 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1992). Bassus tumidulus (Nees, 1812) Microdus tumidulus Nees, 1812 auct. Localities: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 30.7.1977; Gorno Dryanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 950 m, 13.8.1977; Satovcha Village, Dotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 25.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983); Velingrad, 800 m, 28.8.1977, 26.6.1981; Dospat, 1500 m, 21.6.1978; Erkyupriya Hut, 1450 m, 2.8.1978 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1992). Bassus zaykovi Nixon, 1986 Microdus zaykovi Nixon, 1986 auct. Locality: Ruen Hut, 1200 m, 29.7.1968 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1992). Earinus gloratorius (Panzer, 1809) Locality: Manastir Village, Smolyan Region, 1500 m, 5.6.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1980b).
Alysiinae Alloea lonchopterae Fischer, 1966 Localities: Pamporovo, 1650 m, 22.6.1976; Selishte Village, Smolyan Region, 1500 m, 26.1978; Lilkovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 1200 m, 18.6.1978; Teheran Hut, 1720 m, 1.7.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1981).
498
N. BALEVSKI
Alysia alticola Asmead, 1890 Alysia soror Marshall, 1894 Localities: Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 29.10.1977; Lilkovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 18.6.1978; Pamporovo, 1650 m, 3.8.1978; Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 9.10.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1981). Alysia lucicola (Haliday, 1838) Localities: Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 10.7.1977; Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 9.5.1978; Galabovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 700 m, 14.6.1978; Varhovrah Hut, 1550 m, 18.8.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1979a). Alysia luciella Stelfox, 1941 Localities: Velingrad, 800 m, 24.7.1977; Bryanovshtitsa Hut, 950 m, 25.7.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1981). Alysia manducator (Panzer, 1799) Localities: Pamporovo, 1650 m, 21.6.1977; Bachkovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 450 m, 14.5.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1979a). Alysia obsuripes Thomson, 1895 Localities: Izgrev Hut, 1820 m, 4.7.1977; Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 3.6.1978; Manastir Village, Smolyan Region, 1500 m, 5.6.1978; Chudnite Mostove Hut, 1450 m, 21.6.1977; Selishte Village, Smolyan Region, 1500 m, 26.6.1978; Teheran Hut, 1720 m, 11.7.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1981). Alysia rufidens Nees, 1834 Locality: Tsigov Chark, 1100 m, 2.5.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1981). Alysia sophia Haliday, 1838 (Alysia curtungula Thomson, 1895) Localities: Pamporovo, 1650 m, 22.6.1976; Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 25.5.1977; Persenk Summit, 1200 m; 2.8.1978; Batak, 1000 m, 4.7.1978; Selishte Village, Smolyan Region, 1500m, 9.8.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1981). Alysia tipulae (Scopoli, 1763) Localities: Pamporovo, 1650 m, 22.6.1977, 3.8.1978; Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 25.6.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1979a; FISCHER & ZAYKOV, 1983). Angelovia eliptocubitalis Zaykov, 1980 Paraxeron furadius Fischer et Zaykov, 1983 Locality: Aida Hut, 760 m, 5.6.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1980a). Anisocyrta perdita (Haliday, 1838) Localities: Izgrev Hut, 1800 m, 4.7.1977; Varhovrah Hut, 1550 m, 18.8.1977; Pamporovo, 1650 m, 22.9.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1979a).
Braconidae
499
Aphaereta brevis Tobias, 1962 Localities: Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 20.6.1976; Boykovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 1000 m, 25.5.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1981). Aphaereta major (Thomson, 1895) Locality: Izgrev Hut, 1800 m, 4.7.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1981). Asobara tabida (Nees, 1834) Localities: Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m. 17.9.1977; Zabardo Village, Smolyan Region, 1000 m, 22.9.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1979a). Aspilota globopes (Fischer, 1962) Localities: Pamporovo, 1650 m, 3.8.1977; Velingrad, 800 m, 24.8.1978; Bryanovshtitsa Hut, 950 m, 25.8.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1981). Aspilota varinervis (Zaykov et Fischer, 1982) Eusynaldis varinervis Zaykov et Fischer, 1982 Locality: Pamporovo, 1650 m, 3.8.1978 (ZAYKOV & FISCHER, 1982). Chasmodon apterus (Nees, 1812) Locality: Lilkovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 1200 m, 18.6.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1981). Dapsilarthra f lorimela (Haliday, 1838) Localities: Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 21.7.1979; Tsigov Chark, 1100 m, 9.8.1979 (ZAYKOV, 1983a). Dinotrema concolor (Nees, 1812) Synaldis concolor Nees, 1812 Localities: Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 23.4.1977, 30.3.1978; Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 9.5.1977; Chudnite Mostove Hut, 1450 m, 7.6.1978; Smolyan, 1000 m, 22.9.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1979a). Dinotrema distactum (Nees, 1834) Synaldis distactum Nees, 1834 Localities: Zabardo Village, Smolyan Region, 1000 m, 22.9.1977; Lilkovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 1200 m, 18.6.1978; Teheran Hut, 1700 m, 1.7.1978; Rodopski Partizani Hut, 600 m, 8.7.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1979a). Dinotrema megastigma (Fischer, 1967) Synaldis megastigma Fischer, 1967 Locality: Laki Village, Asenovgrad Region, 1000 m, 22.8.1978 (ZAYKOV & FISCHER, 1982). Dinotreama reductum (Tobias, 1962) Synaldis reductum Tobias 1962 Locality: Boykovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 1000 m, 25.5.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1981).
500
N. BALEVSKI Dinotreama speculum (Haliday, 1838) Prosapha speculum Haliday, 1838 Locality: Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 10.8.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1979a).
Dinotreama sulcatum (Fischer, 1862) Synaldis sulcatum Fischer, 1862 Localities: Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 15.4.1977; Chudnite mostove Hut, 1450 m, 21.9.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1981). Gramnospila rufiventris (Nees, 1812) Dapsilartha rufiventris (Nees, 1812) Locality: Peshtera, 400 m, 29.4.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1979a). Heterolexis balteata (Thomson, 1895) Dapsilarthra balteata Thomson, 1895 Localities: Satovcha Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 1.5.1977; Dolno Dryanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 800 m, 1.5.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1979a). Heterolexis dictynna (Marshall, 1885) Dapsilarthra dictynna Marshall, 1885 Localities: Teheran Hut, 1700 m, 1.7.1977; Pamporovo, 1650 m, 3.8.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1981). Mesocrina indagatrix Foerster, 1862 Pseudomesocrina venatrix Marshall, 1895 Locality: Lilkovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 1200 m, 17.9.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1981b). Orthostigma cratospilum (Thomson, 1895) Localities: Boykovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 1000 m, 22.5.1977; Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 13.8.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1981). Orthostigma laticeps (Thomson, 1895) Localities: Western Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1981). Orthostigma longicubitalae Konigsmann, 1969 Localities: Boykovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 1000 m, 13.5.1977; Varhovrah Hut, 1550 m, 18.7.1977; Velingrad, 800 m, 24.8.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1981). Orthostigma maculipes (Haliday, 1838) Localities: Western Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1981). Orthostigma mandibularis (Tobias, 1962) Localities: Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 30.7.1978; Galabovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 700 m, 30.7.1978; Pamporovo, 1650 m, 3.8.1978; Velingrad, 800 m, 24.8.1978; Varhovrah Hut, 1550 m, 25.8.1978; Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 9.9.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1981).
Braconidae
501
Orthostigma pumila (Nees, 1834) Localities: Western Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1981). Orthostigma sculpturatum Tobias, 1962 Localities: Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 30.7.1978; Velingrad, 800 m, 24.81978 (ZAYKOV, 1981). Orthostigma sordipes Thomson, 1895 Localities: Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 8.9.1977; Varhovrah Hut, 1550 m, 25.8.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1981). Pentapleura angustula (Haliday, 1838) Localities: Batashki Snezhnik Summit, 2082 m, 2.7.1978; Pamporovo, 1650 m, 3.8.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1981). Pentapleura fuliginosa (Haliday, 1838) Localities: Western Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1981). Pentapleura pumilio (Nees, 1812) Localities: Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 23.6.1975; Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 10.4.1977; Laki Village, Asenovgrad Region 1100 m, 5.6.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1981). Phaenocarpa brevif lagellum Achterberg et Zaykov, 1981 Locality: Perelik Summit, 2191 m, 4.8.1978 (ACHTERBERG & ZAYKOV, 1981). Phaenocarpa conspurcator (Haliday, 1838) Locality: Ruen Hut, 1200 m, 1.9.1977; Varhovrah Hut, 1550 m, 20.8.1978; Velingrad, 800 m, 24.8.1978; Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 9.9.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1981). Phaenocarpa grandiceps Fischer et Zaykov, 1983 Locality: Zabardo Village, Smolyan Region, 1000 m, 7.6.1978 (FISCHER & ZAYKOV, 1983). Phaenocarpa livida (Haliday, 1838) Localities: Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 25.5.1976; Pamporovo, 1650 m, 3.7.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1981). Phaenocarpa picninervis (Haliday, 1838) Localities: Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 23.6.1976; Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 19.8.1978; Chepelare Village, Smolyan Region, 1040 m, 22.9.1978; Smolyan, 1100 m, 22.9.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1981). Phaenocarpa pullata (Haliday, 1838) Localities: Summit Snezhanka, 1625 m, 21.6.1977; Pamporovo, 1650 m, 22.6. 1977; Teheran Hut, 1720 m, 2.7.1977; Chudnite mostove Hut, 1450 m, 7.6.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1981).
502
N. BALEVSKI
Phaenocarpa ruficeps (Nees, 1812) Localities: Varhovrah Hut, 1550 m, 18.8.1977; Chudnite Mostove Hut, 1450 m, 22.9.1977; Zabardo Village, Smolyan Region, 1000 m, 22.9.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1979a. Tanycarpa bicolor (Nees, 1812) Locality: Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 18.4.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1979a). Tanycarpa rufinotata (Haliday, 1838) Alysia erythrogaster Foerster, 1862 Locality: Velingrad, 800 m, 24.8.1977 (FISCHER & ZAYKOV, 1983). Trachionus hians (Nees, 1816) Symphya hians Nees, 1816 Localities: Western Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1982b). Trachionus mandibularis (Nees, 1816) Symphya mandibularis Nees, 1816 Localities: Western Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1982b). Trachionus pappi (Zaykov, 1982) Symphya pappi Zaykov, 1982 Localities: Peshtera, 400 m, 1.5.1977; Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 23.04.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1982b). Trachyusa aurora (Haliday, 1838) Locality: Chudnite Mostove Hut, 1450 m, 21.6.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1979a).
Blacinae Blacus longipennis (Gravenhorst, 1809) Locality: Varhovrah Hut, 1550 m, 18.8.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1980b). Blacus modestus Haeselbarth, 1973 Locality: Shiroka Laka Village, Smolyan Region, 1000 m, 23.9.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1979b). Blacus ruficornis (Nees, 1811) Localities: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 6.7.1977, Satovcha Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 21.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Blacus stelfoxi Haeselbarth, 1973 Localities: Stoykite Village, Smolyan Region, 1000 m, 23.9.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1979b); Satovcha Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 24.7.1978, Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 12.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983).
Braconidae
503
Taphaeus hiator (Thunberg, 1822) Locality: Golyam Perelik Summit, 2191 m, 18.8.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1978).
Brachistinae Eubazus f lavipes (Reinhard, 1835) Locality: Varhovrah Hut, 1550 m, 18.8.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Eubazus schishiniovae van Achterberg, 2000 Locality: Velingrad, 5.8.1979 (ACHTERBERG, 2000). Eubazus tibialis (Haliday, 1835) Locality: Varhovrah Hut, 1550 m, 25.8.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Foersteria laeviuscula Szepligeti, 1896 Locality: Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 5.6.1980 (ZAYKOV, 1980). Foersteria puber (Haliday, 1835) Locality: Markovo Village, Perushtisa Region, 350 m, 17.6.1977 (ACHTERBERG, 1990). Polydegmon sinuatus Foerster, 1862 Locality: Bachkovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 450 m, 7.6.1978 (ACHTERBERG, 1990). Schizoprymnus cataphractus (Snoflak, 1953) Locality: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 600 m, 12.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1985). Schizoprymnus crassiceps (Thomson, 1892) Locality: Belite Brezi Hut, 950 m, 13.6.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Schizoprymnus nigripes (Thomson, 1892) Locality: Gorno Dryanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 950 m, 20.7.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1985). Schizoprymnus obscurus (Nees, 1816) Locality: Satovcha Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 18.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Triaspis luteipes (Thomson, 1874) Locality: Dobrostan Village, Asenovgrad Region, 24.6.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Triaspis striatula (Nees, 1816) Locality: Dobrostan Village, Asenovgrad Region, 24.6.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1978).
504
N. BALEVSKI Braconinae
Bracon atrator Nees, 1834 Localities: Garmen Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 480 m, 14.7.1977; Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 25.7.1977; Gorno Dryanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 950 m, 29.7.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Bracon delibator Haliday, 1833 (Bracon anthracinus Nees, 1834) Localities: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 21.7.1977, 24.7.1977 Gorno Dryanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 950 m, 20.7.1978; (BALEVSKI, 1983). Bracon erraticus (Wesmael, 1838) Localities: Garmen Village, 500 m, 6.9.1977; Gorno Dryanovo Village, 950 m, 14.9.1977; Ognyanovo; Village, 550 m, 15.7.1978; Satovcha Village, all Gotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 21.8.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Bracon fulvipes Nees, 1834 Locality: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 27.7.1977 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Bracon gussaricus Telenga, 1933 Locality: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 21.7.1977 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Bracon hemif lavus Szepligeti, 1901 Locality: Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 25.6.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1980b). Bracon intercessor Nees, 1834 Localities: Satovcha Village, 850 m, 21.8.1977; Garmen Village, 500 m, 8.9.1977; Gorno Dryanovo; Village, 950 m, 16.9.1977; Ognyanovo Village, all Gotse Delchev Region, 550 m, 15.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Bracon larvicida (Wesmael, 1838) Localities: Garmen Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 28.7.1977, 25.7.1978, 12.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Bracon leptus Marshall, 1897 Locality: Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 18.7.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1980b). Bracon lividus Telenga, 1936 Locality: Ognyanovo; Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 550 m, 20.7.1977 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Bracon longicolis Wesmael, 1838 Localities: Western Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1980b); Garmen Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 550 m, 12.9.1977, Gorno Dryanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 950 m, 20.7.1978, Satovcha Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 29.9.1978) (BALEVSKI, 1983).
Braconidae
505
Bracon luteator Spinola, 1808 (Bracon nigripedator Nees, 1835) Localities: Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 23.6.1977; Laki Village, Asenovgrad Region, 1100 m, 5.6.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1983a); Satovcha Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 16.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1985). Bracon osculator Nees, 1811 Localities: Satovcha Village, 850 m, 11.7.1977; Gorno Dryanovo Village, 950 m, 26.9.1977; Ognyanovo Village, all Gotse Delchev Region, 550 m, 15.7.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Bracon pineti Thomsion, 1892 Localities: Gorno Dryanovo; Village, 950 m, 20.7.1978; Garmen Village, 500 m, 26.7.1978; Ognyanovo; Village, all Gotse Delchev Region, 600 m, 12.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Bracon trucidator Marshall, 1888 Localitiy: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 600 m, 21.7.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Bracon variator Nees, 1811 Bracon maculiger Wesmael, 1838 Localities: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 550 m, 8.9.1977, 19.7.1978; Satovcha Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 16.9.1978) (BALEVSKI, 1983). Bracon variegator Spinola, 1808 Localities: Garmen Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 480 m, 26.7.1977; Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 550 m, 26.7.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Coeloides abdominalis (Zetterstedt, 1838) Localitiy: Gorno Dryanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 950 m, 16.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1985).
Cenocoelinae Cenocoelius analis (Nees, 1834) Locality: Gornoslav Village, Asenovgrad Region, 600 m, 15.5.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1978; ACHTERBERG, 1994). Lestricus secalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Cenocoelius secalis Linnaeus, 1758 Locality: Tsigov Chark, 1100 m, 21.6.1981 (ZAYKOV, 1983a; ACHTERBERG, 1994).
Charmontinae Charmon extensor (Linnaeus, 1758) Localities: Hrabrino Village, Perushhtitsa Region, 400 m, 10.8.1977; Velingrad, 800 m, 24.8.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1980b).
506
N. BALEVSKI Cheloninae Ascogaster abdominator (Dahlbom, 1833) Ascogaster instabilis Wesmael, 1835 Locality: Smolyan, 1000 m, 3.7.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1978).
Ascogaster klugi (Nees, 1816) Localities: Boykovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 1000 m, 12.6.1977; Rodopski Partizani Hut, 600 m, 26.6.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Ascogaster quadridentata Wesmael, 1835 Localities: Ognyanovo Village, 550 m, 12.7.1977; Gorno Dryanovo Village, 950 m, 2.8.1977; Garmen Village, 450 m, 22.7.1978; Satovcha Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 6.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Ascogaster varipes Wesmael, 1835 Locality: Velingrad, 800 m, 5.8.1979 (ZAYKOV, 1982). Chelonus annulatus (Nees, 1816) Localities: Satovcha Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 16.9.1978; Garmen Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 16.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Chelonus annulipes Wesmael, 1835 Locality: Satovcha Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 16.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Chelonus corvilus Marshall, 1885 Locality: Garmen Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 23.7.1977 (BALEVSKI, 1985). Chelonus exilis (Marshall, 1885) Localities: Satovcha Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 22.7.1978; Garmen Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 13.8.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Chelonus innanitus (Linnaeus, 1758) Locality: Smolyan 25.7.1976; Izgrev Hut, 1800 m, 14.7.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Chelonus longiventris Tobias, 1964 Locality: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 550 m, 2.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Chelonus oculator (Fabricius, 1775) Localities: Garmen Village, 450 m, 2.7.1977; Ognyanovo Village, 550 m, 12.7.1977; Gorno Dryanovo Village, 950 m, 2.8.1978; Satovcha Village, all Gotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 6.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Chelonus scabrator (Fabricius, 1793) Locality: Sveta Marina, 600 m, 13.7.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1978).
Braconidae
507
Chelonus starki Telenga, 1953 Locality: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 4.7.1977 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Chelonus submuticus Wesmael, 1835 Locality: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 600 m, 4.9.1977, 12.9.1978, 20.9.1978; Gorno Dryanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 1200 m, 19.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983).
Doryctinae Heterospilus austriacus (Szepligeti, 1906) Heterospilus incompletes Ratzeburg, 1844 auct. Locality: Velingrad, 800 m, 24.7.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1980b). Heterospilus corsicus (Marshall, 1888) Heterospilus cingulatus Szepligeti, 1900 Locality: Dobrostan Village, Asenovgrad Region, 650 m, 18.5.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1980b). Heterospilus leptosoma Fischer, 1960 Locality: Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 23.6.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1980b). Heterospilus rubicola Fischer, 1968 Locality: Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 10.6.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1980b). Heterospilus separatus Fischer, 1960 Locality: Velingrad, 800 m, 24.8.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1980b). Rhacanotus scaber Kokujev, 1900 Locality: Rodopski partizani Hut, 600 m, 25.5.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Rhoptocentrus piceus Marshall, 1897 Locality: Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 10.6.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Spathius exarator (Linnaeus, 1758) Locality: Velingrad, 800 m, 24.8.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Spathius rubidus (Rossi, 1794) Localities: Rodopski Partizani Hut, 600 m, 8.7.1977; Bachkovo Village, Asenvgrad Region, 450 m, 14.7.1977; Peshtera, 400 m, 1.5.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1978).
Euphorinae Allurus lituralis (Haliday, 1835) Locality: Chepelare Village, Smolyan Region, 1140 m, 14.7.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1979b).
508
N. BALEVSKI
Allurus muricatus (Haliday, 1833) Locality: Dolno Dryanovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 1200 m, 1.5.1977; Chepelare Village, Smolyan Region, 1140 m, 14.7.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1979b). Aridelus egregius (Schmiedeknecht, 1907) Localities: Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 10.7.1977, 10.8.1977; Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 17.7.1977; Shiroka Laka Village, Smolyan Region 1000 m, 23.9.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1979b). Centistes ater (Nees, 1834) Ancylocentrus ater Nees, 1834 auct. Locality: Laki Village, Asenovgrad Region, 1100 m, 5.6.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1979b). Centistes cuspidatus (Haliday, 1835) Localities: Peshtera, 400 m, 1.5.1977; Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 6.5.1977; Bachkovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 450 m, 14.5.1977; Belite Brezi Hut, 950 m, 19.5.1975; Sveta Marina, 600 m, 30.5.1976; Boykovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 25.5.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1979b). Centistes edentatus (Haliday, 1835) Ancylocentrus edentatus Haliday, 1835 auct. Locality: Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 6.6.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1979b). Centistes fuscipes (Nees, 1834) Localities: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 29.7.1977; Satovcha Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 16.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Dinocampus coccinellae (Schrank, 1802) Localities: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 550 m, 2.7.1977; Satovcha Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 21.9.1977; Gorno Dryanovo; Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 950 m, 2.7.1978; Garmen Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 2.8.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Meteorus abdominator (Nees, 1811) Localities: Boykovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 1000 m, 13.5.1977; Chudnite Mostove Hut, 1450 m, 21.6.1977; Snezhanka Summit, 1938 m, 21.6.1977; Varhovrah Hut, 1550 m, 18.8.1977; Velingrad, 800 m, 20.8.1977; Tsigov Chark, 1100 m, 23.8.1977; Lilkovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 1200 m, 17.9.1977; Smolyan, 1000 m, 22.9.1977; Zabardo Village, Smolyan Region, 1000 m, 22.9.1977; Stoykite, Village, Smolyan Region, 1000 m, 23.9.1977; Shiroka Laka Village, 1000 m, 23.9.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1979b); Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 25.7.1977, 21.7.1978; Gorno Dryanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 1200 m, 26.7.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Meteorus abscissus Thomson, 1895 Locality: Sveta Marina, 600 m, 30.5.1976 (ZAYKOV & BASSAMAKOV, 1988).
Braconidae
509
Meteorus brevicauda Thomson, 1985 Locality: Velingrad, 800 m, 24.8.1977 (ZAYKOV & BASSAMAKOV, 1988). Meteorus cintellus (Spinola, 1808) Locality: Pamporovo, 1650 m, 3.8.1978 (ZAYKOV & BASSAMAKOV, 1988). Meteorus filator (Haliday, 1835) Locality: Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 7.9.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1980b). Meteorus ictericus (Nees, 1812) Localities: Velingrad, 800m, 24.8.1977; Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 17.9.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1980b). Meteorus melanostictus Capron, 1887 Locality: Velingrad, 800 m, 20.8.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1979b). Meteorus rubens (Nees, 1811) Locality: Gorno Dryanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 950 m, 2.7.1977; Garmen Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 2.8.1977; Satovcha Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 21.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Meteorus vexator (Haliday, 1835) Locality: Zabardo Village, Smolyan Region, 1000 m, 22.9.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1979b). Myiocephalus boops (Wesmael, 1856) Locality: Batashki Snezhnik Summit, 2082 m, 2.7.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1979b). Neunerus auctus (Thomson, 1895) Localities: Teheran Hut, 1700 m, 1.7.1978; Izgrev Hut, 1820 m, 14.7.1977; Chudnite Mostove Hut, 1450 m, 2.8.1978; Rozhen Summit, 1550 m, 3.8.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1980b). Perilitus falciger (Ruthe, 1856) Locality: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 550 m, 2.7.1977 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Perilitus rutilus (Nees, 1812) Locality: Garmen Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 4.9.1977 (BALEVSKKI, 1983). Peristenus pallipes (Curtis, 1833) Leiophron pallipes Curtis, 1833 auct. Localities: Western Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1980b); Garmen Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 21.7.1978, 12.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 19893). Peristenus picipes (Curtis, 1833) Leiophron picipes Curtis, 1833 auct.
510
N. BALEVSKI
Localities: Gorno Dryanovo; Village, 950 m, 2.7.1977; Garmen Village, 500 m, 2.8.1977; Ognyanovo Village, 550 m, 2.8.1978; Satovcha Village, all. Gotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 21.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Pygostolus falcatus (Nees, 1834) Localities: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 19.7.1977, 18.7.1977, 24.7.1977, 23.7.1978, 12.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Pygostolus multiarticulatus (Ratzeburg, 1852) Localities: Pamporovo, 1650 m, 3.8.1978; Golyam Perelik Summit, 2191, 4.8.1978; Golyama Syutka Summit, 2179 m,10.8.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1979b). Syntretus elegans (Ruthe, 1856) Localities: Peshtera, 400 m, 1.5.1977; Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 6.5.1977, 24.4.1978; Belite Brezi Hut, 950 m, 13.5.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1979b). Syntretus klugi (Ruthe, 1856) Locality: Rozhen Summit, 1550 m, 1.6.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1979b). Wesmaelia petiolata (Wollaston, 1858) Wesmaelia pendula Foerster, 1862 Localities: Garmen Village, 500 m, 2.8.1977; Satovcha Village, 850 m, 21.9.1977; Ognyanovo Village, 550 m, 2.8.1978; Gorno Dryanovo Village, all Gotse Delchev Region, 950 m, 26.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Zele chlorophthalmus (Spinola, 1808) Homolobus chlorophthalmus Spinola, 1808 auct. Localities: Western Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1980b); Ognyanovo village, Gotse Delchev Region, 550 m, 27.7.1977, 23.7.1978, 12.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Zele deceptor (Wesmael, 1835) Meteorus deceptor Wesmael, 1835 auct. Localities: Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 27.7.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1979b); Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 17.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983).
Exothec inae Colastes f lavitarsis (Thomson, 1891) Localities: Chudnite Mostove Hut, 1450 m, 22.9.1977; Shiroka Laka Village, Smolyan Region, 1000 m, 23.4.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Colastes incertus (Wesmael, 1838) Locality: Varhovrah Hut, 1550 m, 18.8.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1978).
Braconidae
511
Colastes pubicornis (Thomson, 1892) Locality: Pamporovo, 1650 m, 22.9.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1980b). Xenarcha lustrator (Haliday, 1836) Locality: Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 9.5.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1978).
Gnamptodontinae Gnamptodon decoris (Foerster, 1862) Gnamptodon bachmaieri Fischer, 1957 Locality: Galabovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 700 m, 14.7.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1980b).
Helconinae Diospilus capito (Nees, 1834) Locality: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 550 m, 12.9.1977, 2.8.1978, 19.9.1978; Gorno Dryanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 950 m, 20.7.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Doispilus tuberculatus Abdinbekova, 1969 Locality: Lilkovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 1200 m, 18.6.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1978).
Homolobinae Homolobus discolor (Wesmael, 1835) Zele discolor Wesmael, 1835 auct. Localities: Velingrad, 800 m, 20.8.1977; Smolyan, 1000 m, 20.9.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Homolobus infumator (Lyle, 1914) Zele infumator Lyle, 1914 auct. Localities: Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 29.6.1977; Varhovrah Hut, 1550 m, 25.71978 (ZAYKOV, 1978).
Horminae Hormius moniliatus (Nees, 1811) Localities: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 550 m, 12.7.1977; Gorno Dryanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 950 m, 12.9.1977; Garmen Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 480 m, 18.8.1978; Satovcha Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 750 m, 12.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983).
512
N. BALEVSKI
Hormius similis Szepligeti, 1896 Localities: Galabovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 700 m, 14.6.1977; Smolyan, 1000 m, 22.9.1978; Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 1.10.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1980); Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 550 m, 19.7.1978, 12.9.1978, 17.9.1978; Satovcha Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 750 m, 17.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983).
Macrocentrinae Macrocentrus bicolor Curtis, 1833 Macrocentrus gracilipes Telenga, 1935 Locality: Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 25.7.1978 (ACHTERBERG, 1993). Macrocentrus blandus, Eady et Clark 1964 Localities: Pamporovo, 1650 m, 22.9.1977; Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 25.7.1978; Velingrad, 800 m, 13.8.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1980; ACHTERBERG, 1993). Macrocentrus cingulum Brischke, 1882 Macrocentrus grandii Goidanich, 1937 auct. Localities: Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 17.9.1977, 6.7.1985; Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 8.9.1977; Gornoslav Village, Asenovgrad Region, 600 m, 4.7.1985 (ZAYKOV, 1978; ACHTERBERG, 1993). Macrocentrus collaris (Spinola, 1808) Localities: Garmen Village, 500 m, 16.7.1977; Satovcha Village, 850 m, 14.9.1977; Gorno Dryanovo Village, 950 m, 6.7.1978; Ognyanovo Village, all Gotse Delchev Region, 600 m, 26.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Macrocentrus gibber Eady et Clark, 1964 Locality: Sitovo Village, Asenovgrad Region 1000 m, 21.8.1878 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Macrocentrus infirmus (Nees, 1834) Localities: Varhovrah Hut, 1550 m, 18.8.1977; Pamporovo, 1650 m, 22.9.1977; Rozhen Summit, 1550 m, 3.8.1978; Lilkovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 1200 m, 17.9.1977, 1.10.1978; Velingrad, 800 m, 5.8.1979 (ZAYKOV, 1978; Achterberg, 1993). Macrocentrus linearis (Nees, 1812) Localities: Teheran Hut, 1700 m, 1.7.1978; Bryanoshtitsa Hut, 950 m, 8.7.1978; Velingrad, 800 m, 5.8.1979; Galabovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 700 m, 30.8.1978; Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 4.6.1979 (ACHTERBERG, 1993). Macrocentrus marginator (Nees, 1812) Locality: Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 8.7.1979 (ACHTERBERG, 1993).
Braconidae
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Macrocentrus nidulator (Nees, 1834) Locality: Gorno Dryanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 950 m, 20.7.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1985). Macrocentrus nitidus (Wesmael, 1835) Localities: Velingrad, 800 m, 20.8.1977; Dospat, 1500 m, 24.6.1981 (ACHTERBERG, 1993). Macrocentrus resinellae (Linnaeus, 1758) Localities: Varhovrah Hut, 1550 m, 25.7.1978; Bryanovshtitsa Hut, 950 m, 27.7.1978 (ACHTERBERG, 1993). Macrocentrus thoracicus (Nees, 1812) Locality: Velingrad, 800 m, 5.8.1979 (ACHTERBERG, 1993). Macrocentrus townesi van Achterberg et Haeselbarth, 1983 Localities: Dospat, 1500 m, 1.5.1977; Izgrev Hut, 1200 m, 14.7.1977; Bryanovshtitsa Hut, 950 m, 29.5.1978; Pamporovo, 1650 m, 3.7.1978; Varhovrah Hut, 1550 m, 25.7.1978; Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 30.7.1978; Snezhanka Summit, 1938 m, 3.8.1978 (ACHTERBERG, 1993).
Microgasterinae Apanteles alutaceus Balevski, 1980 Localities: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 520 m, 21.7.1977; Garmen Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 17.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1980). Apanteles appelator Telenga, 1949 Localities: Garmen Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 2.7.1977; Satovcha Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 1.9.1977; Gorno Dryanovo; Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 950 m, 12.7.1978; Ognyanovo; Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 550 m, 23.8.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Apanteles bajariae Papp, 1975 Locality: Bachkovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 450 m, 14.5.1977 (ZAYKOV & BASSAMAKOV, 1988). Apanteles brevivalvatus Balevski et Tobias, 1980 Locality: Garmen Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 17.9.1978 (BALEVSKI & TOBIAS, 1980). Apanteles brunnistigma Abdinbekova, 1969 Localities: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 25.7.1977; Satovcha Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 18.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983).
514
N. BALEVSKI
Apanteles contortus Tobias, 1964 Localities:Garmen Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 450 m, 30.7.1977, 5.9.1977; Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 600 m, 12.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Apanteles cerialis Nixon, 1976 Apanteles areolaris Balevski & Tobias 1980 Localities: Garmen Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 480 m, 7.9.1977; Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 600 m, 12.9.1978 (BALEVSKI & TOBIAS, 1980). Apanteles elpis Nixon, 1973 Localities: Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 7.6.1977; Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 8.9.1977; Skobelevo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 1100 m, 25.7.1978 (ZAYKOV & BASSAMAKOV, 1988). Apanteles infimus (Haliday, 1834) Locality: Satovcha Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 27.7.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1985). Apanteles lacteicolor Viereck, 1911 Locality: Garmen Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 26.7.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Apanteles lenea Nixon, 1976 Localities: Garmen Village, 500 m, 2.7.1977; Ognyanovo Village, 550 m, 28.8.1978; Satovcha Village, 850 m, 21.9.1978; Gorno Dryanovo Village, all Gotse Delchev Region, 950 m, 29.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Apanteles metacarpalis (Thomson, 1895) Localities: Gorno Dryanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 950 m, 2.7.1977; Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 550 m, 24.8.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Apanteles obscurus (Nees, 1834) Localities: Garmen Village, 500 m, 2.8.1977; Satovcha Village, 850 m, 21.9.1977; Ognyanovo Village, 550 m, 26.8.1978; Gorno Dryanovo Village, all Gotse Delchev Region, 950 m, 26.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Apanteles sicarius Marshall, 1885 Locality: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 550 m, 26.7.1978, 17.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Cotesia artica (Thomson, 1895) Apanteles genalis Tobias, 1964 Localities: Gorno Dryanovo Village, 950 m, 2.7.1977; Satovcha Village, 850 m, 1.9.1977; Garmen Village, 500 m, 12.9.1977; Ognyanovo Village, all Gotse Delchev Region, 550 m, 26.8.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983).
Braconidae
515
Cotesia cuprea (Lyle, 1925) Apanteles cuprea Lyle, 1925 auct. Localities: Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 23.6.1978; Skobelevo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 1100 m, 25.7.1978 (ZAYKOV & BASSAMAKOV, 1988). Cotesia f luvialis (Balevski, 1980) Apanteles fluvialis Balevski, 1980 auct. Locality: Satovcha Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 750 m, 24.7.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1980). Cotesia glabrata (Telenga, 1955) Apanteles glabratus Telenga, 1955 auct. Locality: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 29.7.1977 (BALEVSKI, 1985). Cotesia hyphantriae (Riley, 1887) Apanteles hyphantriae Riley, 1887 auct. Locality: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 24.7.1977 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Cotesia melanoscela (Ratzeburg, 1844) Apanteles creatus Balevski, 1980 Locality: Gorno Dryanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 950 m, 20.7.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1980). Cotesia ofella (Nixon, 1974) Apanteles ofella Nixon, 1974 auct. Localities: Garmen Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 25.7.1977, 21.7.1978, 12.9.1978; Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 550 m, 12.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Cotesia ruficrus (Haliday, 1834) Apanteles ruficrus, Haliday, 1834 auct. Localities: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 14.8.1977; Satovcha Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 750 m, 24.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Cotesia saltatoria (Balevski, 1980) Apanteles saltatorius Balevski, 1980 auct. Localities: Garmen Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 520 m, 20.7.1977, 21.7.1977; Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 550 m, 23.7.1977(BALEVSKI, 1980). Cotesia subancilla (Balevski, 1980) Apanteles subancilla Balevski, 1980 auct. Locality: Garmen Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 25.7.1977 (BALEVSKI, 1980). Cotesia specularis (Szepligeti, 1837) Apanteles balcanicus Balevski, 1980 Locality: Satovcha Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 27.7.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1980).
516
N. BALEVSKI
Cotesia telengai (Tobias, 1972) Apanteles telengai Tobias 1972 auct.) Localities: Garmen Village, 500 m, 12.9.1977; Gorno Dryanovo Village, 950 m, 26.9.1977; Ognyanovo Village, 550 m, 26.8.1978; Satovcha Village, all Gotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 21.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Cotesia tibialis (Curtis, 1830) Apanteles tibialis Curtis, 1830 auct. Localities: Ognyanovo Village, 550 m, 23.7.1977; Garmen Village, 500 m, 2.8.1977; Gorno Dryanovo; Village, 950 m, 12.9.1978; Satovcha Village, all Gotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 25.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Cotesia vanessae (Reinhard, 1881) Apanteles vanessae Reinhard, 1881 auct. Localities: Garmen Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 480 m, 27.7.1978; Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 550 m, 23.8.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Cotesia zygaenarum (Marshall, 1885) Apanteles zygaenarum Marshall, 1885 auct. Localities: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 12.7.1977; Satovcha Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 27.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Microgaster postica (Nees, 1834) Localities: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 28.7.1977; Satovcha Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 16.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1985). Microgaster stictica Ruthe, 1858 Localities: Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 6.6.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1980). Microplitis deprimator (Fabricius, 1798) Microplitis sordipes Nees, 1834 Localities: Garmen Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 28.7.1977; Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 550 m, 5.9.1977 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Microplitis marshallii Kokujev, 1897 Localities: Gorno Dryanovo; Village, 950 m, 12.7.1977; Ognyanovo; Village, 550 m, 21.7.1977; Garmen Village, 500 m, 23.8.1977; Satovcha Village, all Gotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 2.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Microplitis ocellatae (Bouche, 1834) Locality: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 550 m, 23.7.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Microplitis spectabilis (Haliday, 1834) Localities: Gorno Dryanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 950 m, 12.7.1977; Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 550 m, 22.7.1977; Garmen Village, Gotse
Braconidae
517
Delchev Region, 500 m, 23.8.1977; Satovcha Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 24.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Microplitis spinolae (Nees, 1834) Localities: Ognyanovo Village, 550 m, 2.6.1977; Garmen Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 12.7.1977; Gorno Dryanovo Village, 950 m, 12.9.1977; Satovcha Village, all Gotse Delchev Region, 850 m, 2.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Microplitis strenuus (Reinhard, 1880) Locality: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 550 m, 7.9.1977 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Microplitis tristis (Nees, 1834) Localities: Gorno Dryanovo; Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 950 m, 20.7.1978; Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 600 m, 12.9.1977 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Microplitis tuberculatus (Bouche, 1834) Microplitis fumipennis Ratzeburg, 1852 Locality: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 550 m, 27.7.1977 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Microplitis varipes (Ruthe, 1860) Localities: Garmen Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 21.7.1977; Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 550 m, 22.7.1977 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Protapanteles callidus (Haliday, 1834) Apanteles callidus Haliday, 1834 auct. Localities: Chudnite Mostove Hut, 1450 m, 21.6.1977; Bachkovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 450 m, 24.4.1978; Skobelevo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 1100 m, 25.7.1978 (ZAYKOV & BASSAMAKOV, 1988). Protapanteles enephes (Nixon, 1965) Apanteles enephes Nixon, 1965 auct. Localities: Garmen Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 17.8.1977; Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 600 m, 2.9.1977 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Protapanteles immunis (Haliday, 1834) Apanteles immunis Haliday, 1834 auct. Localities: Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 10.7.1977; Rhodopski Partizani Hut, 600 m, 6.7.1978 (ZAYKOV & BASSAMAKOV, 1988).
Opiinae Apodesmia irregularis (Wesmael, 1835) Opius irregularis (Wesmael, 1835) auct. Localities: Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 13.10.1968, 23.4.1978; Velingrad, 800 m, 1.5.1977; Smolyan, 1000 m, 22.9.1977; Boykovo Village, Perushtitsa
518
N. BALEVSKI
Region, 1000 m, 13.5.1978; Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 23.6.1978, 18.7.1978; Tsigov Chark, 1100 m, 9.8.1978; Pamporovo, 1650 m, 20.9.1980 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Apodesmia similoides (Fischer, 1962) Opius similoides Fischer, 1962 auct. Locality: Pamporovo, 1650 m, 22.6.1973 (ZAYKOV & FISCHER, 1983) Biosteres bicolor (Wesmael, 1835) Localities: Bryanovshtitsa Hut, 950 m, 25.7.1978; Tsigov Chark, 1100 m, 9.8.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Biosteres carbonarius (Nees, 1834) Localities: Students Hut, 1700 m, 2.7.1967; Boykovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 1000 m, 13.5.1977, 12.6.1977; Izgrev Hut, 1800 m, 4.7.1977; Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 22.5.1978; Pamporovo, 1650 m, 22.6.1978; Erkyuprya Hut, 1450 m, 16.7.1980; Varhovrah Hut, 1550 m, 25.7.1978; Pashalitsa Hut, 1650 m, 2.8.1978; Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 30.7.1978; Smolyan, 1000 m, 25.7.1979; Lilkovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 1200 m, 18.6.1980 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Biosteres haemorrhoeus (Haliday, 1837) Localities: Velingrad, 800 m, 5.7.1976; Boykovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 1000 m, 13.5.1977; Sveta Marina, 600 m, 19.5.1977; Smolyan, 1000 m, 22.9.1977; Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 2.10.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Biosteres rusticus (Haliday, 1837) Localities: Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 18.5.1968; Peshtera, 400 m, 1.5.1977; Dospat, 1500 m, 1.5.1977; Bachkovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 450 m, 14.5.1977; Pamporovo, 1650 m, 22.6.1977; Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 2.10.1977; Stoykite Village, Smolyan Region, 1000 m, 4.8.1978; Velingrad, 800m, 5.8.1979 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Biosteres wesmaelii (Haliday, 1837) Locality: Batak, 1000 m, 4.7.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Chilotrichia blanda (Haliday, 1837) Biosteres blandus Haliday, 1837 auct. Localities: Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400m, 22.4.1977; Velingrad, 800m, 4.5.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Eurytenes abnormis (Wesmael, 1835) Locality: Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 6.6.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Eurytenes macrocerus (Thomson, 1895) Opius macrocerus Thomson, 1895 auct. Locality: Pamporovo, 1650 m, 26.6.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1983b).
Braconidae
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Opiostomus aureliae (Fischer, 1957) Opius aureliae Fischer, 1957 auct. Localities: Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 17.9.1977; Tsigov Chark, 1100 m, 1100 m, 9.8.1978; Smolenski Ezera Hut, 1500 m, 20.9.1978; Velingrad, 800 m, 8.8.1979 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Opiostomus griffithsi (Fischer, 1962) Opius griffithsi Fischer, 1962 auct. Localities: Boykovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 1000 m, 30.7.1969, 25.5.1977; Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 30.7.1978; Snezhanka Summit, 1938 m, 3.8.1978; Varhovrah Hut, 1550 m, 25.8.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1984a); Varhovrah Hut, 1550 m, 28.5.1978 (ZAYKOV & FISCHER, 1983). Opiostomus rhodopensis (Zaykov, 1983) Opius rhodopensis Zaykov, 1983 auct. Localities: Erkyuprya Hut, 1450 m, 21.6.1977; Mezar Gidik, 1700 m, 21.6.1977; Rozhen Summit, 1500 m, 17.6.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Opius ambiguus Wesmael, 1835 Locality: Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 2.10.1977, 7.11.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Opius apfelbeckianus Fischer, 1967 Locality: Lilkovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 1200 m, 18.6.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Opius crassipes Wesmael, 1835 Localities: Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 6.6.1977; Erkyupriya Hut, 1450 m, 21.6.1977; Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 29.6.1977; Galabovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 700 m, 14.6.1978; Rozhen Summit, 1550 m, 17.6.1978; Varhovrah Hut, 1550 m, 25.7.1978; Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 30.7.1978; Rodopski Partizani Hut, 600 m, 25.8.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1984). Opius f lavigaster Fischer, 1957 Locality: Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 21.7.1979 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Opius fuscipennis Wesmael, 1835 Locality: Erkyupriya Hut, 1450 m, 2.8.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1984). Opius inf lammatus Fischer, 1962 Locality: Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 14.6.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1984). Opius instabilis Wesmael, 1835 Opius falax Szepligeti, 1896 Localities: Bachkovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 450 m, 14.5.1977; Boykovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 1000 m, 25.5.1977; Lilkovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 1200 m, 12.6.1978; Galabovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 700 m, 20.6.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1984).
520
N. BALEVSKI
Opius lonicerae Fischer, 1958 Localities: Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 23.5.1978; Galabovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 700 m, 14.6.1978; Tsigov Chark, 1100 m, 9.8.1978; Velingrad, 800 m, 24.8.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1984). Opius lugens Haliday, 1837 Locality: Velingrad, 800 m, 5.5.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1984). Opius mirabilis Fischer, 1958 Localities: Erkyupriya Hut, 1450 m, 8.8.1978; Tsigov Chark, 1100 m, 9.8.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1984). Opius nitidulator (Nees, 1834) Locality: Shiroka laka Village, 1000 m, 22.7.1969 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Opius pallipes Wesmael, 1835 Opius exilis Haliday, 1836 Localities: Varhovrah Hut, 1550 m, 18.8.1977 (ZAYKOV & FISCHER, 1983); Izgrev Hut, 1800 m, 14.6.1977; Lilkovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 1200 m, 18.6.1976; Varhovrah Hut, 1550 m, 25.7.1977; Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 1.8.1977; Velingrad, 800 m, 5.8.1978; Stoykite Village, 1000 m, 22.9.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1984). Opius pulicariae Fischer, 1969 Locality: Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 10.6.1979; Velingrad, 800 m, 5.8.1979 (ZAYKOV, 1984). Opius rarus Zaykov & Fischer, 1983 Locality: Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 300 m, 13.8.1977 (ZAYKOV & FISCHER, 1983) Opius singularis Wesmael, 1835 Opius spretus Haliday, 1836 Localities: Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 2410.1977; Tsigov Chark, 1100 m, 9.8.1979 (ZAYKOV, 1984). Phaedrotoma cingulata (Wesmael, 1835) Opius cingulatus Wesmael, 1835 auct. Localities: Velingrad, 800 m, 24.8.1977; Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 17.9.1977, 10.6.1978; Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 30.7.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Phaedrotoma crassicrus (Thomson, 1895) Opius crassicrus Thomson 1895 auct. Localities: Izgrev Hut, 1800 m, 4.7.1977; Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 30.7.1978; Pamporovo 1650 m, 3.8.1978; Snezhanka Summit, 1938 m, 3.8.1978; Varhovrah Hut, 1550 m, 25.8.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1983b).
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Phaedrotoma magnicauda (Fischer, 1958) Opius magnicauda Fischer, 1958 auct. Locality: Chervenata Skala, 1200 m, 22.7.1969 (ZAYKOV, 1984). Phaedrotoma minusculae (Fischer, 1967) Opius minisculae Fischer, 1967 auct. Locality: Tsigov Chark, 1100 m, 9.8.1979 (ZAYKOV, 1984). Phaedrotoma moravica (Fischer, 1960) Opius moravicus Fischer, 1960 auct.) Locality: Stoykite Village, Smolyan Region, 1000 m, 22.9.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1984). Phaedrotoma reconditor (Wesmael, 1835) Opius reconditor Wesmael, 1835 auct. Locality: Erkyuprya Hut, 1450 m, 25.6.1979 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Phaedrotoma pulchriceps (Szepligeti, 1898) Opius pulchriceps Szepligeti 1898 auct. Locality: Tsigov Chark, 1100 m, 5.8. 1979 (ZAYKOV & BASSAMAKOV, 1985) Phaedrotoma rex (Fischer, 1958) Opius rex Fischer, 1958 auct. Localities: Varhovrah Hut, 1550 m, 18.8.1977; Smolyan, 22.9.1977; Pamporovo, 1650 m, 22.9.1977; Lilkovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 1200 m, 18.6.1978; Skobelevo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 1100 m, 25.7.1978; Velingrad, 800 m, 5.8.1979 (ZAYKOV, 1984). Xynobius comatus (Wesmael, 1835) Opius comatus Wesmael, 1835 auct. Locality: Shiroka Laka Village, Smolyan Region, 1000 m, 23.9.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Xynobius curtifemur (Fischer, 1961) Opius curtifemur Fischer, 1961 auct. Locality: Bachkovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 400 m, 14.4.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Xynobius geniculatus (Thomson, 1895) Opius geniculatus Thomson, 1895 auct. Localities: Velingrad, 800 m, 13.8.1978; Tsigov Chark, 1100 m, 9.8.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1984). Xynobius maculipes (Wesmael, 1835) Opius maculipes Wesmael, 1835 auct. Locality: Bachkovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 400 m, 14.5.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Xynobius polyzonius (Wesmael, 1835) Opius polyzonius Wesmael, 1835 auct. Locality: Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 16.9.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1983b).
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N. BALEVSKI Orgilinae
Orgilus pimpinellae Niezabitowski, 1910 Localities: Gorno Dryanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 950 m, 12.7.1977; Garmen Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 450 m, 22.8.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Orgilus punctulator (Nees, 1811) Localities: Western Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1980b). Orgilus rugosus (Nees, 1834) Localities: Western Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1980b). Orgilus similes Szepligeti, 1896 Locality: Malak Perelik Summit, 2174 m, 4.8.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1978).
Rhysipolinae Rhysipolis decorator (Haliday, 1836) Localities: Gorno Dryanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 950 m, 6.7.1977, Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 550 m, 28.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983)
Rhyssalinae Cerophanes kerzhneri Tobias, 1971 Locality: Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 17.6.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Dolopsidea indagator (Haliday, 1836) Rhyssalus rhodopeus Zaykov, 1980 Locality: Lilkovo Village, 1200 m, Asenovgrad Region, 18.6.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1980c).
Rogadinae Aleiodes aestuosus (Reinhard, 1863) Rogas aestuosus Reinhard 1863 auct. Locality: Aida Hut, 760 m, 5.6.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1977). Aleiodes bicolor (Spinola, 1808) Rogas bicolor Spinola, 1808 auct. Localities: Gorno Dryanovo Village, 950 m, 6.7.1977; Satovcha Village, 850 m, 21.9.1977; Garmen Village, 500 m, 12.8.1978; Ognyanovo Village, all Gotse Delchev Region, 550 m, 23.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983).
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Aleiodes borealis (Thomson, 1892) Rogas borealis Thomson, 1892 auct. Localities: Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 22.4.1987; Chepelare Village, Smolyan Region, 14.7.1977 (ZAYKOV & BASSAMAKOV, 1988). Aleiodes circumscriptus (Nees, 1834) Rogas circumscriptus Nees, 1834 auct. Locality: Ognyanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 550 m, 5.9.2977 (BALEVSKI, 1983). Aleiodes compressor (Herrich-Schäffer, 1838) Petalodes unicolor Wesmael, 1838 Locality: Studenets, 1200 m, 1.8.1994 (ZAYKOV & BASSAMAKOV, 1988). Aleiodes dispar (Haliday, 1833) Heterogamus dispar Haliday, 1833 auct. Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 14.8.1977 (ZAYKOV,1978). Aleiodes excavatus (Telenga, 1941) Heterogamus excavatus Telenga, 1941 auct. Locality: Batak, 1000 m, 25.7.1981 (ZAYKOV & BASSAMAKOV, 1988); Studenets, 1200 m, 1.8.1994 (ZAYKOV & BASSAMAKOV, 1994). Aleiodes gastritor (Thunberg, 1822) Rogas gastritor Thunberg, 1822 auct. Localities: Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 5.6.1977, 13.8.1977, 1.10.1977; Galabovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 700 m, 30.7.1978; Chepelare Village, Smolyan Region, 4.8.1978; Dobrostan Village, Asenovgrad Region, 650 m, 24.8.1978 (ZAYKOV & BASSAMAKOV, 1988). Aleiodes modestus (Reinhard, 1863) Rogas modestus Reinhard, 1863 auct. Localities: Boykovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 1000 m, 5.7.1977; Bryanovshtitsa Hut, 950 m, 8.7.1978; Rodopski Partizani Hut, 600 m, 8.7.1978; Varhovrah Hut, 1550 m, 25.7.1978; Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 30.7.1978; Golyama Syutka Summit, 2186 m, 10.8.1978; Dobrostan Village, Asenovgrad Region, 650 m, 6.7.1985 (ZAYKOV & BASSAMAKOV, 1988). Aleiodes nigricornis Wesmael, 1838 Rogas nigricornis Wesmael 1838 auct. Localities: Western Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1980b). Aleiodes pallidicornis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1838) Rogas pallidicornis Herrich-Schäffer, 1838 auct. Locality: Markovo Village, Perushtitsa Region, 350 m, 13.8.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1980b).
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Aleiodes signatus (Nees, 1811) Rogas signatus Nees, 1811 auct. Locality: Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 29.6.1977 (ZAYKOV & BASSAMAKOV, 1988). Aleiodes unipunctator (Thunberg, 1822) Rogas unipunctator Thunberg, 1822 auct. Localities: Varhovrah Hut, 1550 m, 18.8.1977; Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 9.9.1978; Lilkovo Village, Asenovgrad Region, 1200 m, 12.9.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Clinocentrus excubitor (Haliday, 1811) Locality: Velingrad, 800 m, 19.8.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Clinocentrus exsertor (Nees, 1812) Localities: Hrabrino Village, Perushtitsa Region, 400 m, 29.6.1977, 10.8.1977; Velingrad, 800 m, 24.8.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1977); Garmen Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 500 m, 2.8.1977; Gorno Dryanovo Village, Gotse Delchev Region, 950 m, 26.9.1978 (BALEVSKI, 1983).
Conclusion As a result of the present study, 292 Braconid parasitoids species from 80 genera and 22 subfamilies (6 ectoparasitoids and 16 endoparasitoids) of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera) have been estsblished. Ectoparasitoid Braconids belong to 36 species from 12 genera and 6 subfamilies (Braconinae, Doryctinae, Exothecinae, Hormiinae, Rhysipolinae and Rhyssalinae). Endoparasitoid Braconids belong to 256 species from 68 genera and 16 subfamilies (Agathidinae, Alysiinae, Blacinae, Brachistinae, Cenocoeliinae, Charmontinae, Cheloninae, Euphorinae, Gnamptodontinae, Helconinae, Homolobinae, Macrocentrinae, Microgasterinae, Opiinae, Orgilinae and Rogadinae). The highest number of genera belongs to the subfamilies Alysiinae – 19 genera, Euphorinae – 13, Opiinae – 9, Brachistinae – 5 and Microgasterinae – 7 genera. Most numerous in terms of species are those from the subfamily Alysiinae – 52 species, followed by the subfamily Microgasterinae – 43, the subfamily Opiinae – 41 and the subfamily Euphorinae - 30 species. The highest number of braconid species was identified in the genera Bracon Fabr. – 17 species, Cotesia Cam. - 15, Opius Wesm. – 15, Apanteles Foerst. - 14 and Agathis Latr. – 13 species.
References ACHTERBERG C. VAN. 1990. Revision of genera Foersteria Szepligeti and Polydegmon Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with the description of a new genus. – Zool. Verhand., 257: 32 p.
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ACHTERBERG C. VAN. 1993. Revision of the subfamily Macrocentrinae Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the Palaearctic Region. – Zool. Verhand., 286: 110 p. ACHTERBERG C. VAN. 1994. Generic revision of the subfamily Cenocoeliinae Szepligeti (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). – Zool. Verhand., 292: 52 p. ACHTERBERG C. VAN. 2000. The European species of the Eubazus aliochinoi- Group (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Helconinae: Brachistini). – Zool. Med. Leiden, 74(20): 339-357. ACHTERBERG C. VAN, A. ZAYKOV. 1981. A new species of Phaenocarpa Hal. from Bulgaria. – Ent. Ber., 41: 120-122. BALEVSKI N. 1980. New species of Apanteles Foerst. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Bulgaria. - Revue d’ Entomologie de I’ URSS, 59(2): 350-362 (In Russian, summ. Engl.). BALEVSKI N., V. TOBIAS. 1980. Three new species of the genus Apanteles Foerst. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from south-western Bulgaria. - Revue d’ Entomologie de I’ URSS, 59(2): 363-367 (In Russian, summ. Engl.). BALEVSKI N. 1983. Useful entomophagous belonging to family Braconidae (Hymenoptera), established in lucerne sowings in Blagoevgrad district. – Plant science, 20(5): 115-122 (In Bulg., summ. Engl.). BALEVSKI N. 1985. Species of the Braconidae family (Parasitica, Hymenoptera) new to the fauna of Bulgaria. – Soil science agrochemistry and plant protection, 20(2): 89-93 (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). FISCHER M., A. ZAYKOV. 1982. Über Alysiinae aus Bulgarien (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). – Zeitschr. Arb. Öst. Ent., 34(3-4): 73-80. SIMBOLOTTI G., C. VAN ACHTERBERG. 1992. Revision of the West Palearctic species of the genus Bassus Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). – Zool. Verhand., 281: 80 p. SIMBOLOTTI G., C. VAN ACHTERBERG. 1999. Revision of the West Palearctic species of the genus Agathis Latreille (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae). – Zool. Verhand., 325: 168 p. ZAYKOV A. 1977. Hymenoptera, Braconidae genera and species unknown to Bulgarian fauna. – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologia, 15(4): 111-116 (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl., Russ.). ZAYKOV A. 1978. Contribution to the Braconid fauna of Bulgaria (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologia, 16(4): 227-234 (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl., Russ.). ZAYKOV A. 1979a. On the species of the tribe Alysiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) of the Rhodope mountain. – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologia, 17(4): 181-185 (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl., Russ.). ZAYKOV A. 1979b. New to the Bulgarian fauna genera and species of Euphorinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) colected in the Rhodope mountain. – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologia, 17(4): 187-192 (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl., Russ.). ZAYKOV A. 1980a. Angelovia elipsocubitalis gen. et sp. n. from Bulgaria (Hymenoptera, Braconidae: Alysiinae). – Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natn. Hungarici, 72: 273-274. ZAYKOV A. 1980b. New species of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera) for the Bulgarian fauna. – Acta zool. bulg., 16: 86-89 (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl., Russ.). ZAYKOV A. 1980c. Two new species of family Braconidae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) collected in the Rhodopes. - Acta zool. bulg., 15: 103-106 (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl., Russ.). ZAYKOV A. 1981. New genera and species of Alysiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) for the Bulgarian fauna. Acta zool. bulg., 17: 88-91 (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl., Russ.). ZAYKOV A. 1982a. A faunistic contribution to the studying of the subfamily Cheloninae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) in Bulgaria. – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologia, 20(4): 65-169 (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl., Russ.). ZAYKOV A. 1982b. The European species of Symphya Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). – Acta zool. Acad. Sci. Hungaricae, 28(1-2): 171-179. ZAYKOV A. 1983a. New species of Braconidae (Hymenoptera) for the Bulgarian fauna. – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologia, 21(4): 35-38 (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl., Russ.). ZAYKOV A. 1983b. New for Bulgarian fauna species of Subfamily Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). - Acta zool. bulg., 23: 33-42. ZAYKOV A. 1984. New for Bulgarian fauna species of Subfamily Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Faunistic and taxonomic contribution. II. – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologia, 22(1): 77-83 (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). ZAYKOV A. 1986. A faunistic contribution to the study of tribe Dacnusini (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) in Bulgaria. - Acta zool. bulg., 30: 61-63 (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl., Russ.). ZAYKOV A., I. BASSAMAKOV. 1985. A review of the species of the Subfamily Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) in Bulgaria. – Bull. Mus. S. Bulgaria, 11: 49-57 (In Bulgarian, summ. French).
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ZAYKOV A., I. BASSAMAKOV. 1988. New for Bulgarian fauna species of Braconidae (Hymenoptera). - Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologia, 26(6): 57-61. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl., Russ.). ZAYKOV A., I. BASSAMAKOV. 1994. New and rare for the fauna of Bulgaria species of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera) family. - Bull. Mus. S. Bulgaria, 20: 13-15. (In Bulgarian, summ. French). ZAYKOV A., M. FISCHER. 1982. On three extraordinary Alysiinae from Bulgaria (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). - Acta zool. bulg., 19: 70-74. ZAYKOV A., M. FISCHER. 1983. Über Opiinae aus Bulgarien (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). – Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 85(B): 39-51.
Author’s address: Nikolai Balevski Head of Scientific Laboratory for Biological and Integrated control 1331 Sofia, Bulgaria Tel./ Fax 824 91 89 9, Shosse Bankja Str. е-mail:
[email protected]
Анотиран списък на браконидната ентомофауна (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) в Западните Родопи (България) Николай БАЛЕВСКИ (Р е з ю м е) Представеният анотиран списък на браконидната ентомофауна (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) включва 292 вида, принадлежащи към 80 рода на 22 подсемейства (6 ектопаразитоидни и 16 ендопаризитоидни) на семейство Braconidae. Ектопаразитоидните бракониди принадлежат към 36 вида от 12 рода и 6 подсемейства (Braconinae, Doryctinae, Exothecinae, Hormiinae, Rhysipolinae и Rhyssalinae). Ендопаразитоидни бракониди принадлежат към 256 вида, отнасящи се към 68 рода и 12 подсемейства (Agathidinae, Alysiinae, Blacinae, Brachisinae, Cenocoeliinae, Charmontinae, Cheloninae, Euphorinae, Gnamptodontinae, Helconinae, Homolobinae, Macrocentrinae, Microgasterinae, Opiinae, Orgilinae и Rogadinae). Най-многобройни в родово отношение са подсемейства - Alysiinae – 19 рода, Euphorinae – 13, Opiinae – 9, Brachisinae 5 и Microgasterinaе – 7 рода. Най-многoчислени във видово отношение са подсемействата - Alysiinae – 52 вида, следвани от Microgasterinae – 43, Opiinae – 41 и Euphorinae 30 - вида. Най-многобройни на браконидни видове са родовете - Bracon Fabr. – 17 вида, Cotesia Cam. – 15 вида, Opius Wesm. – 15 вида, Apanteles Forest. – 14 вида и Agathis Latr. – 13 вида. Ентомологичният материал е събран от 74 находища в българската част на Западните Родопи от българските ентомолози – д-р Ангел Зайков, д-р Илко Басамаков и д-р Николай Балевски през периода 1975 – 1994. Дадени са кратки данни за географското положение на находищата, надморската височина, мястото и датата на събиране на колекционния материал. Цитирани са литературните източници, в които са били съобщавани и от които са взети съответните данни. Cлед съвременните валидни научни названия на таксоните са посочени използваните синоними, под които някои от видовете са били съобщавани за нашата ентомофауна.
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Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
A survey of the faunistic investigations on the Hymenopteran families Siricidae, Orussidae, Stephanidae, Chrysididae, Bethylidae, Sapygidae, Scoliidae, Tiphiidae, Mutillidae, Pompilidae, Sphecidae, and Crabronidae from the Western Rhodopes – Bulgaria and Greece (Insecta: Hymenoptera)
TOSHKO LJUBOMIROV
Ljubomirov T. 2006. A survey of the faunistic investigations on the Hymenopteran families Siricidae, Orussidae, Stephanidae, Chrysididae, Bethylidae, Sapygidae, Scoliidae, Tiphiidae, Mutillidae, Pompilidae, Sphecidae, and Crabronidae from Western Rhodopes – Bulgaria and Greece (Insecta: Hymenoptera). - In: Beron P. (ed) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 527-545. Abstract. Several groups of wasps, including the families Siricidae, Orussidae, Stephanidae, Chrysididae, Bethylidae, Sapygidae, Scoliidae, Tiphiidae, Mutillidae, Pompilidae, Sphecidae, and Crabronidae are inspected with regard to previous faunistic reports for the Western Rhodopes. Updated results incorporated with new faunistic records resulted in the following number of species of the families: Siricidae - 2, Orussidae - 1, Stephanidae – 1, Chrysididae 26, Bethylidae - 4, Sapygidae - 1, Scoliidae - 6, Tiphiidae - 3, Mutillidae - 10, Pompilidae - 10, Sphecidae - 12, and Crabronidae – 83. The following taxa are recorded for the first time for the Bulgarian fauna: the genus Bethylus Latreille, 1802 with the species Bethylus fuscicornis (Jurine, 1807) and Bethylus pillosus (Kieffer, 1904) and the genus Allepyris Kieffer, 1905 with the species Allepyris microneurus Kieffer, 1906. Key words: Hymenoptera, Western Rhodopes, faunistics.
Introduction The present survey, which covers the whole period of faunistic research (about 100 years) on the wasp families Siricidae, Orussidae, Stephanidae, Chrysididae, Bethylidae, Sapygidae, Scoliidae, Tiphiidae, Mutillidae, Pompilidae, Sphecidae, and Crabronidae from the territory of the Western Rhodopes mountain area, aims to assist future hymenopterologists in finding up-to-date information on this subject without extensive search. It contains records on 159 species from the twelve families mentioned. The incompleteness and miscellaneous character of the various reports on the mentioned families from the Western Rhodopes is the main reason for the scarce and doubtful records, which existed up to now. NEDIALKOV (1909) was apparently the first author who mentioned material of the studied families in the Western Rhodopes. He recorded only one species there – one of the commonest West Palaearctic digger wasp, Podalonia
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hirsuta (Scopoli) from the vicinity of Bachkovski monastery. Later NEDIALKOV (1914) and BURESCH (1924) added some new records of the families Crabronidae, Sphecidae and Mutillidae. In series of his works from 1940 to 1964 (ATANASSOV, 1940, 1951, 1955, 1964) NENO ATANASSOV recorded 62 species from the mentioned families in the Western Rhodopes, thus making the greatest faunistic contribution up to now. SCHMIDT & WESTRICH (1983) studied the Greek part of the Western Rhodopes for the families Crabronidae and Sphecidae. The species list is arranged alphabetically for each one family. After the recent valid name of the relevant taxon (species or subspecies) first the records (if available) of the previous authors with the year of the publication are given, next the list indicates the particular page in the paper, where the taxon was mentioned, and the particular locality within the area of the Western Rhodopes. Then follows new for the area records account, which contain information about the number, sex, locality, data, collector, and institution where the material is preserved. New taxa for the Bulgarian fauna are marked with asterisk (*). The following institutional abbreviations are used: CAS – California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco (USA), FBS – Facultet za Biologija. Skopie (Macedonia), IZS – collection Institute of Zoology. Sofia (Bulgaria), NMNH – National Museum of Natural History. Sofia (Bulgaria), PUPH – University of Plovdiv Paisiy Hilendarski (Bulgaria), SUBF – Sofia University Kliment Ochridski. Faculty of Biology (Bulgaria). Annotated list of the species of the families Siricidae, Orussidae, Stephanidae, Chrysididae, Bethylidae, Sapygidae, Scoliidae, Tiphiidae, Mutillidae, Pompilidae, Sphecidae, and Crabronidae from the Western Rhodopes Family Siricidae Genus Sirex Linnaeus, 1761 Sirex noctilio Fabricius, 1773 Sirex noctilio: STOYANOV & LJUBOMIROV, 2000: 38, Oryahovets Village, 180 m. Genus Urocerus Geoffroy, 1785 Urocerus gigas gigas (Linnaeus, 1758) Sirex gigas: NEDIALKOV, 1914: 207, S Belovo Railway Station. 1‡, Beglika, 1500 m, 11. VII. 1968, G. Tsankov leg. (IZS). Family Orussidae Genus Orussus Latreille, 1796 Orussus abietinus (Scopoli, 1763) Orussus abietinus: ATANASSOV, 1964: 147, near Bachkovski monastery. Family Stephanidae Genus Stephanus Jurine, 1807 Stephanus serrator (Fabricius, 1798) Stephanus serrator: KOLAROV, 1991: 72, Hrabrino Village.
Hymenoptera
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Family Chrysididae Genus Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761 Chrysis bicolor Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1806 1‡, Yundola Village, 14000 m, 21. VII. 1996, A. Stojanova leg. (IZS). Chrysis fulgida fulgida Linnaeus, 1761 Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) fulgida: ATANASSOV, 1964: 150, SE Assenova Krepost Fortress. Chrysis ignita (Linnaeus, 1758) Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) ignita: ATANASSOV, 1940: 212, Belovo Railway Station area. Hedychridium purpurascens var. maculatum: ATANASSOV, 1964: 148, SW Assenova Krepost Fortress. 1‡, Zagrazhden Village, 1000 m, 9. X. 1996, P. Boyadzhiev leg. (IZS); 1‡, NE Yurukovo Village, 950 m, 15. – 30. VI. 2004, O. Todorov leg. (IZS). Chrysis iris Christ, 1791 1‡, NE Yurukovo Village, 950 m, 15. – 30. VI. 2004, O. Todorov leg. (IZS). Chrysis semicincta semicincta Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1806 Euchroeus purpuratus: ATANASSOV, 1964: 149, S Assenova Krepost Fortress. Genus Chrysura Dahlbom, 1845 Chrysura cuprea cuprea (Rossi, 1790) Chrysis (Holochrysis) cuprea: ATANASSOV, 1964: 149 – Assenova Krepost Fortress area. Chrysura dichroa (Dahlbom, 1854) Chrysis (Holochrysis) dichroa: ATANASSOV, 1964: 149 – Assenova Krepost Fortress area, Bachkovski Manastir monastery area. 1‡, Asenovgrad, Dolni Voden suburb, 280 m, 3. VI. 1999, A. Stojanova leg. (IZS). Genus Cleptes Latreille, 1802 Cleptes (Cleptes) pallipes Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1806 1†, 1‡, NE Yurukovo Village, 950 m, 30. V. – 15. VI. 2003, O. Todorov leg. (IZS); 4††, NE Yurukovo Village, 950 m, 15. – 30. VI. 2004, O. Todorov leg. (IZS). Cleptes (Cleptes) semiauratus (Linnaeus, 1761) 1†, Dobrostan Village, 1300 m, 8. VII. 1999, A. Stojanova leg. (IZS). Genus Elampus Spinola, 1806 Elampus spina (Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1806) Notozus spina: ATANASSOV, 1940: 205, near Belovo Railway Station. Genus Euchroeus Latreille, 1809 Euchroeus purpuratus purpuratus (Fabricius, 1787) Parnopes grandior var. fasciata: ATANASSOV, 1964: 149, S Assenova Krepost Fortress.
530
T. LJUBOMIROV Genus Hedychridium Abeille de Perrin, 1878 Hedychridium integrum (Dahlbom, 1854) 1‡, Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 18. VI. 1997, A. Stojanova leg. (IZS). Hedychridium purpurascens (Dahlbom, 1854) 1†, Snezhanka Peak, 1925 m, 30. VII. 2000, A. Stojanova leg. (IZS). Hedychridium sculpturatum (Abeille de Perrin, 1877) 1†, W Zagrazhden Village, 1300 m, 8. VII. 1996, A. Stojanova leg. (IZS). Genus Hedychrum Latreille, 1802 Hedychrum rutilans Dahlbom, 1854 Hedychrum rutilans: ATANASSOV, 1964: 149, SW Assenova Krepost Fortress.
Genus Holopyga Dahlbom, 1845 Holopyga (Holopyga) amoenula Dahlbom, 1845 Holopyga amoenula: ATANASSOV, 1940: 207, Belovo Railway Station area; Asenovgrad. Holopyga gloriosa amaenula: ATANASSOV, 1964: 148, Assenova Krepost Fortress area. Holopyga (Holopyga) chrysonotus (A. Förster, 1853) Holopyga chrysonota: ATANASSOV, 1940: 207, N Batak Dump, 1200 m. Holopyga (Holopyga) fervida fervida (Fabricius, 1781) Hybothorax graffi: ATANASSOV, 1964: 148, Naretchenski Bani Village. Holopyga (Holopyga) punctatissima Dahlbom, 1854 Holopyga punctatissima: ATANASSOV, 1940: 207, Belovo Railway Station area. Genus Omalus Panzer, 1801 Omalus auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) ATANASSOV, 1940: 206, near Belovo Railway Station. Omalus biaccinctus (du Byusson, 1892) Omalus auratus: ATANASSOV, 1964: 148, SW Assenova Krepost Fortress. 1‡, Kouklen Village, 16. VI. 1997, A. Stojanova leg. (IZS). Omalus bidentulus (Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1806) 1‡, Hrabrino Village, 350 m, 23. VII. 1993, A. Stojanova leg. (IZS); 1†, 1‡, Manastir Village, 1320 m, 4. VII. 1998, A. Stojanova leg. (IZS); 1†, Golyam Perelik Peak, 2191 m, 19. VII. 2001, A. Stojanova leg. (IZS). Omalus pusillus (Fabricius, 1804) Omalus pusillus: ATANASSOV, 1940: 206 – near Belovo Railway Station. 1†, Hrabrino Village, 350 m, 23. VII. 1993, A. Stojanova leg. (IZS).
Hymenoptera
531
Genus Parnopes Latreille, 1796 Parnopes grandior grandior (Pallas, 1771) Parnopes grandior var. fasciata: ATANASSOV, 1964: 149, SW Assenova Krepost Fortress. Genus Stilbum Spinola, 1806 Stilbum cyanura cyanura (J. Förster, 1771) Stilbum cyanurum var. calens: ATANASSOV, 1964: 149, area of Bachkovski monastery. Genus Trichrysis Lichtenstein, 1876 Trichrysis cyanea (Linnaeus, 1758) 1‡, NE Yurukovo Village, 950 m, 15. – 30. VI. 2004, O. Todorov leg. (IZS). Family Bethylidae *Genus Allepyris Kieffer, 1905 *Allepyris microneurus Kieffer, 1906 2‡‡, NE Yurukovo Village, 950 m, 10. – 20. V. 2003; 1‡, 30. V. – 15. VI. 2003, O. Todorov leg. (IZS). *Genus Bethylus Latreille, 1802 *Bethylus fuscicornis (Jurine, 1807) 1‡, NE Yurukovo Village, 950 m, 30. V. – 15. VI. 2003, O. Todorov leg. (IZS). *Bethylus pillosus (Kieffer, 1904) 1‡, Academica Hut, 595 m, 16. V. 1997, A. Stojanova leg. (IZS); 1‡, NE Yurukovo Village, 950 m, 10. – 20. V. 2003; 1‡, idem, 20. – 30. V. 2003, O. Todorov leg. (IZS). Genus Sclerodermus Latreille, 1809 Sclerodermus domesticus Klug, 1809 2††, 10‡‡, Assenovgrad, 280 m, 14. VII. 2003, A. Stojanova leg. (IZS). Family Sapygidae Genus Sapyga Latreille, 1796 Sapyga quinquepunctata (Fabricius, 1781) Sapyga quinquepunctata: ATANASSOV, 1964: 150 – SW Assenova Krepost Fortress. Family Scoliidae Genus Colpa Dufour, 1841 Colpa (Colpa) sexmaculata (Fabricius, 1781) Campsomeris sexmaculata: ATANASSOV, 1951: 289, Chehlyovo, 1500 m. Campsomeris (Trielis) sexmaculata: ATANASSOV, 1964: 151, SW Assenova Krepost Fortress. Colpa (Heterelis) quinquecincta quinquecincta (Fabricius, 1793) Campsomeris abdominalis: ATANASSOV, 1951: 289 – Velingrad, 600 m.
532
T. LJUBOMIROV
Genus Megascolia Betrem, 1928 Megascolia (Regiscolia) maculata maculata (Drury, 1773) Triscolia flavifrons var. haemorrhoidalis: NEDIALKOV, 1914: 204, Asenovgrad, Batchkovo Village. Scolia flavifrons subsp. haemorrhoidalis: ATANASSOV, 1951: 287, Belovo, Kritchim; ATANASSOV, 1951: 288, Xanthí, Assenovgrad. Genus Scolia Fabricius, 1775 Scolia (Discolia) hirta hirta (Schrank, 1781) Scolia hirta: ATANASSOV, 1951: 288, Kritchim, Chehlyovo, 1500 m. Scolia (Discolia) hirta: ATANASSOV, 1964: 150, S Assenova Krepost Fortress. Scolia (Scolia) galbula (Pallas, 1771) Scolia quadricincta: ATANASSOV, 1951: 289 – Kritchim. Scolia (Scolia) sexmaculata sexmaculata (O. F. Müller, 1766) Scolia quadripunctata: ATANASSOV, 1951: 289 – Kritchim, Velingrad, 600 m; ATANASSOV, 1964: 150, W Assenova Krepost Fortress, S Assenova Krepost Fortress. Family Tiphiidae Genus Ludita Nagy, 1967 Ludita villosa villosa (Fabricius, 1793) Tiphia morio: ATANASSOV, 1964: 151, SW Assenova Krepost Fortress. Genus Meria Illiger, 1807 Meria tripunctata (Rossi, 1790) 1†, Velingrad, 800 m, 26. VII. 1967, G. Tzankov leg. (IZS). Genus Tiphia Fabricius, 1775 Tiphia (Tiphia) femorata femorata Fabricius, 1775 Tiphia femorata: ATANASSOV, 1964: 151, S Naretchenski Bani Village. Family Mutillidae Genus Dasylabris Radoszkowski, 1885 Dasylabris (Dasylabris) maura maura (Linnaeus, 1758) LJUBOMIROV in press, Fotinovo Village. Genus Mutilla Linnaeus, 1758 Mutilla europaea Linnaeus, 1758 ATANASSOV, 1964: 151, SW Assenova Krepost Fortress. Mutilla europaea: LJUBOMIROV in press, Asenovgrad, Belovo Railway Station, Preslapa Peak, 1780 m. 1‡, Perelik Peak, 7. VII. 1962, N. Atanassov leg. (IZS).
Hymenoptera
533
Genus Myrmilla Wesmael, 1851 Myrmilla (Pseudomutilla) glabrata (Fabricius, 1775) LJUBOMIROV in press, Velingrad, Ludzhene suburb. Myrmilla (Pseudomutilla) vutshetitshi Skorikov, 1927 LJUBOMIROV in press, Velingrad, Ludzhene suburb. Genus Physetopoda Schuster, 1949 Physetopoda daghestanica (Radoszkowski, 1885) 1†, Mutenitsa river valley, 23. 7. 1965, leg. N. Atanassov. Genus Ronisia A. Costa, 1858 Ronisia brutia brutia (Petagna, 1787) M.[utilla] maura: NEDIALKOV, 1914: 205, Batchkovo Village. Pycnotilla barbata var. torosa: BURESCH, 1924: 36, Batchkovo Village area. Ronisia brutia brutia: LJUBOMIROV in press, Batchkovo Village. Genus Smicromyrme Thomson, 1870 Smicromyrme (Astomyrme) ausonia ausonia Invrea, 1950 Smicromyrme montana: ATANASSOV, 1964: 152, S Assenova Krepost Fortress. Smicromyrme (Astomyrme) ausonia ausonia: LJUBOMIROV in press, Assenovgrad. 1†, Velingrad, 800 m, 26. VII. 1967, G. Tzankov leg. (IZS). Smicromyrme (Smicromyrme) ruficollis ruficollis (Fabricius, 1793) Smicromyrme rufipes: ATANASSOV, 1964: 152, S Assenova Krepost Fortress. Smicromyrme (Smicromyrme) ruficollis ruficollis: LJUBOMIROV in press, Assenovgrad. Smicromyrme (Smicromyrme) rufipes (Fabricius, 1787) 3‡‡, N Yundola Village, 1350 m, 18. IX. 1997, T. Ljubomirov leg. (IZS). Genus Tropidotilla Bischoff, 1920 Tropidotilla litoralis (Petagna, 1787) Tropidotilla littoralis: BURESCH, 1924: 36 – Batchkovo Village area. Tropidotilla litoralis: LJUBOMIROV in press, Batchkovo Village. Family Pompilidae Genus Agenioideus Ashmead, 1902 Agenioideus cinctellus (Spinola, 1808) 2††, NE Yurukovo Village, 950 m, 15. – 30. VI. 2004, O. Todorov leg. (IZS). Genus Anoplius Dufour, 1834 Anoplius (Arachnophroctomus) viaticus (Dahlbom, 1843) Psammochares (Anoplius) fuscus var. paganus: ATANASSOV, 1964: 155, Assenova Krepost Fortress area.
534
T. LJUBOMIROV Genus Arachnospila Kinchaid, 1900 Arachnospila (Ammosphex) trivialis (Dahlbom, 1843) P.[ompilus] trivialis: NEDIALKOV, 1914: 200, Assenovgrad.
Genus Auplopus Spinola, 1841 Auplopus albifrons albifrons (Dalman, 1823) 1‡, NE Yurukovo Village, 950 m, 30. VII. – 15. VIII, 2003; 1‡, 30. IX. – 15. X. 2003, O. Todorov leg. (IZS). Auplopus carbonarius (Scopoli, 1763) 1‡, Polkovnik Serafimovo Village, 900 m,14. VIII. 1999, R. Bektchiev leg. (IZS); 2‡‡, 20. VII. 2001, R. Bektchiev leg. (IZS); 1‡, 26. VII. 2001, R. Bektchiev leg. (IZS); 1‡, NE Yurukovo Village, 950 m, 15. – 30. VI. 2003; 2‡‡, 30. VI. – 15. VIII. 2003, O. Todorov leg. (IZS). Genus Cryptocheilus Panzer, 1806 Cryptocheilus ichneumonoides (A. Costa, 1874) ATANASSOV, 1951: 292 – Xanthí; ATANASSOV, 1964: 155, SW Assenova Krepost Fortress. Genus Dipogon Fox, 1897 Dipogon nitidum (Haupt, 1926) 1†, NE Yurukovo Village, 950 m, 15. – 30. VI. 2004, O. Todorov leg. (IZS). Genus Episyron Schiødte, 1837 Episyron rufipes (Linnaeus, 1758) Episyron rufipes: ATANASSOV, 1964: 155, W Assenova Krepost Fortress, Naretchenski Bani Village area. Genus Pompilus Fabricius, 1798 Pompilus cinereus (Fabricius, 1775) Psammochares plumbeus: ATANASSOV, 1964: 155, SW Assenova Krepost Fortress. Genus Priocnemis Schiødte, 1837 Priocnemis (Priocnemis) exaltata exaltata (Fabricius, 1775) 1‡, NE Yurukovo Village, 950 m, 15. – 30. VI. 2003; 2‡‡, 10. VII. – 15. VIII. 2003, O. Todorov leg. (IZS). Family Sphecidae Genus Ammophila W. Kirby sen., 1798 Ammophila campestris Latreille, 1809 Ammophila campestris: SCHMIDT & WESTRICH, 1983: 121, Xánthi: Komniná Village. 2 ‡‡, Vishteritsa, 23. VII. 1965, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 1‡, Tchehlyovo, 24. VIII. 1965, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH).
Hymenoptera
535
Ammophila heydeni heydeni Dahlbom, 1845 A.[mmophila] holosericea: NEDIALKOV, 1909: 125, N Bachkovski monastery. A.[mmophila] heydeni: NEDIALKOV, 1914: 199, Assenovgrad; BALTHASAR et al., 1967: 176, Assenovgrad. Ammophila heydeni: ATANASSOV, 1964: 160, W Assenova Krepost Fortress, S Assenova Krepost Fortress; SCHMIDT & WESTRICH, 1983: 121, Xánthi: Komniná Village; LJUBOMIROV, 2000: 6, Assenovgrad. 1†, Velingrad, Ludzhene suburb, 2. VIII. 1925, P. Drensky (NMNH); 1‡, NW Peshtera, 22. VIII. 1958, D. Gogov leg. (NMNH); 1‡, Yakoruda, 10. VII. 1962, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 2 ‡‡, Trigrad Village, 11. VIII. 1963, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 1†, Trigrad Village, 11. VIII. 1963, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 1†, Belovo Railway Station, J. Milde (NMNH). Ammophila sabulosa sabulosa (Linnaeus, 1758) Ammophila sabulosa: ATANASSOV, 1964: 160, W Assenova Krepost Fortress. 1‡, Kritchim, 1. VII. 1918, D. Iltscheff (NMNH); 1†, Tchehlyovo, 4 – 7. VIII. 1925, P. Drensky– unpublished (NMNH); 1†, Rakitovo, 900 m, 18. VII. 1951, P. Drensky (NMNH); 1†, Trigrad Village, 11. VIII. 1963, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 1†, Syutkya, 1800 m, 14. VIII. 1963, N. Atanassov leg. (IZS); 1‡, Smolyan, 24. VII. 1964, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 1‡, Velingrad, 10. X. 1966, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 1†, N Milevi Skali Hut, 1590 m, 6. VII. 1992, T. Ljubomirov leg. (CAS); 1†, N Milevi Skali Hut, 1490 m, 7. VII. 1992, I. Stoyanov leg. (IZS); 1†, 1‡ - Yadenitsa riverside, 750 m, 18. IX. 1997, T. Ljubomirov leg. (IZS); 1†, Vutcha valley, 390 m, 24. VI. 2004, N. Simov leg. (IZS). Genus Chalybion Dahlbom, 1843 Chalybion (Hemichalybion) femoratum (Fabricius, 1781) Sceliphron femoratum: ATANASSOV, 1964: 160, W Assenova Krepost Fortress. Genus Podalonia Fernald, 1927 Podalonia affinis affinis (W. Kirby sen., 1798) 1†, N Milevi Skali Hut, 1490 m, 6. VII. 1992, T. Ljubomirov leg. (IZS). Podalonia hirsuta hirsuta (Scopoli, 1763) Ps.[ammophila] hirsuta: NEDIALKOV, 1909: 125, N Bachkovski monastery. Psammophila hirsuta: ATANASSOV, 1964: 160 – Bachkovski monastery, W Assenova Krepost Fortress. Podalonia hirsuta: LJUBOMIROV, 2000: 6, Bachkovski monastery and vicinity. 1‡, Asenovgrad, 30. VI. 1906, I. Buresch leg. (NMNH); 1†, 1‡ - Tchepelare, 21. VII. 1914, D. Iltscheff (NMNH); 1‡, Trigrad Village, 24. VI. 1924, D. Iltscheff leg. (NMNH); 34‡‡, Golyam Snezhnik Peak, 2187 m, 27. VI. 1924, N. Radeff leg. (NMNH); 11‡‡, Tchepelare, 27. VI. 1924, P. Drensky leg. (NMNH); 11‡‡, Golyam Snezhnik Peak, 2187 m, VI. 1924, N. Radeff leg. (NMNH); 1‡, Tchepelare, 29. VI. 1924, P. Drensky leg. (NMNH); 1†, 2‡‡, Velingrad, Ludzhene suburb, 2. VIII. 1925, P. Drensky leg. (NMNH); 1‡, Kritchim, 3. IV. 1935, I. Buresch leg. (NMNH); 1‡, Yundola, 1850 m, 11. VIII. 1939, P. Drensky (IZS); 1†, Rakitovo, 900 m, 18. VII. 1951, P. Drensky leg. (NMNH); 1‡, Tchoudnite Mostove, 29. VII. 1951, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 1‡, Perelik Peak, 2192 m, 9. VIII. 1963, N. Atanassov leg.
536
T. LJUBOMIROV
(NMNH); 2††, 2‡‡, Syutkya Peak, 2186 m, 14. VIII. 1963, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 3‡‡, Trigrad Village, 11. VIII. 1963, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 1‡, Smolyan, 28. V. 1964, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 1‡, Trigrad Village, 25. VII. 1964, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 1‡, Devin, 26. VII. 1964, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 1†, 2‡‡, Yundola Village, 22. VII. 1965, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 2††, Tchoudnite Mostove, 29. VII. 1965, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 1‡, Stoudenets Village, 11. VII. 1966, P. Angelov leg. (PUPH); 1‡, Yundola Village, 18. VII. 1968, A. Germanov leg. (PUPH); 1†, 3‡‡, Smolyanski Ezera, 21. VII. 1969, P. Angelov leg. (PUPH); 1‡, Persenk peak area, 30. VII. 1969, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 1†, Smolyan, 31. VII. 1969, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 2‡‡, W Ardino, 850 m, 29. V. 1976, J. Kolarov leg. (IZS); 5††, 2‡‡ - N Milevi Skali Hut, 1490 m, 6. VII. 1992, T. Ljubomirov leg. (IZS); 1‡, N Milevi Skali Hut, 1590 m, 6. VII. 1992, T. Ljubomirov leg. (SUBF); 1†, N Milevi Skali Hut, 1490 m, 6. VII. 1992, I. Stoyanov leg. (IZS); 6††, 2‡‡ - N Milevi Skali Hut, 1490 m, 7. VII. 1992, T. Ljubomirov leg. (IZS); 1†, N Milevi Skali Hut, 1590 m, 7. VII. 1992, T. Ljubomirov leg. (SUBF); 2††, 3‡‡ - N Milevi Skali Hut, 1490 m, 7. VII. 1992, I. Stoyanov leg. (IZS); 4††, 2‡‡ - N Milevi Skali Hut, 1490 m, 8. VII. 1992, I. Stoyanov leg. (IZS); 10††, 8‡‡ - N Milevi Skali Hut, 1490 m, 8. VII. 1992, T. Ljubomirov leg. (IZS); 1†, 1‡, N Milevi Skali Hut, 1590 m, 8. VII. 1992, T. Ljubomirov leg. (SUBF); 1†, N Milevi Skali Hut, 1590 m, 8. VII. 1992, T. Ljubomirov leg. (CAS); 1†, N Milevi Skali Hut, 1590 m, 8. VII. 1992, T. Ljubomirov leg. (FBS); 9††, Yundola, 1850 m, 11. VIII. 1939, P. Drensky leg. (IZS); 2‡‡, Perelik Peak, 2000 m, 28. IX. 1995, A. Lapeva leg. (IZS); 1†, Yadenitsa riverside, 750 m, 18. IX. 1997, T. Ljubomirov leg. (IZS); 1‡, Perelik Hut, 1960 m, 22. VIII. 2000, A. Stojanova leg. (IZS); 1‡, Polkovnik Serafimovo Village, 900 m, 26. VII. 2001, R. Bektchiev leg. (IZS); 1‡, Persenk Peak, 1950-2050 m, 6. X. 2004, B. Guéorguiev leg. (IZS). Genus Prionyx Vander Linden, 1827 Prionyx kirbii kirbii (Vander Linden, 1827) Sphex albisectus: NEDIALKOV, 1914: 199, Bachkovski monastery. Sphex (Parasphex) albisectus: ATANASSOV, 1964: 159, W Assenova Krepost Fortress. Prionyx kirbii: LJUBOMIROV, 2000: 7, Bachkovski monastery. Genus Sceliphron Klig, 1801 Sceliphron (Hensenia) curvatum (F. Smith, 1870) 1‡, NE Yurukovo Village, 950 m, 15. – 30. VI. 2004, O. Todorov leg. (IZS). Sceliphron (Sceliphron) destillatorium (Illiger, 1807) Sceliphron sperifex: ATANASSOV, 1964: 160, W Assenova Krepost Fortress. Sceliphron (Sceliphron) spirifex (Linnaeus, 1758) S.[celiphron] spirifex: NEDIALKOV, 1914: 199, Assenovgrad. Sceliphron sperifex: ATANASSOV, 1964: 160-161, Bachkovski monastery. 1‡, Belovo Railway Station, VII. 1924, I. Buresch leg. (NMNH). Genus Sphex Linnaeus, 1758 Sphex (Sphex) leuconotus Brullé, 1833 Sphex afer sordidus: ATANASSOV, 1955: 204, Kritchim.
Hymenoptera
537
Sphex (Sphex) funerarius Gussakovskij, 1934 Sphex maxillosus: ATANASSOV, 1964: 159, W Assenova Krepost Fortress. 1‡, S Velingrad, 26. VII. 1965, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH) Family Crabronidae Genus Argogorytes Ashmead, 1899 Argogorytes mystaceus mystaceus (Linnaeus, 1761) 2‡‡, NE Yurukovo Village, 950 m, 15. – 30. VI. 2004, O. Todorov leg. (IZS). Genus Bembecinus A. Costa, 1859 Bembecinus tridens tridens (Fabricius, 1781) Stizus tridens: ATANASSOV, 1955: 199, Belovo Railway Station area, 300 m; ATANASSOV, 1955: 199, Syutkia Peak, 2076 m. Bembecinus tridens: ATANASSOV, 1964: 157, W Assenova Krepost Fortress; SCHMIDT & WESTRICH, 1983: 124, Xánthi: Komniná Village. Bembecinus peregrinus (F. Smith, 1856) Bembecinus biarmatus: ATANASSOV, 1964: 157, W Assenova Krepost Fortress. Genus Bembix Fabricius, 1775 Bembix oculata oculata Panzer, 1801 Bembix oculata: ATANASSOV, 1964: 157, Assenova Krepost Fortress area. Bembix bidentata Vander Linden, 1829 B.[embex] rostrata: NEDIALKOV, 1914: 197, Assenovgrad. Bembix bidentata: ATANASSOV, 1964: 157, S Assenova Krepost Fortress; LJUBOMIROV, 2000: 13, Assenovgrad. Bembix olivacea Fabricius, 1787 Bembix olivacea: ATANASSOV, 1964: 157, S Assenova Krepost Fortress. Bembix tarsata Latreille, 1809 3‡‡, Satovtcha Village, 24. VII. 1965, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH). Genus Cerceris Latreille, 1802 Cerceris arenaria arenaria (Linnaeus, 1758) Cerceris arenaria: ATANASSOV, 1964: 159, W Assenova Krepost Fortress; SCHMIDT & WESTRICH, 1983: 125, Xánthi: Komniná Village. Cerceris bupresticida bupresticida Dufour, 1841 1†, NW Peshtera, 22. VIII. 1958, D. Gogov leg. (NMNH). Cerceris f lavilabris f lavilabris (Fabricius, 1793) 1†, NW Peshtera, 22. VIII. 1958, D. Gogov leg. (NMNH).
538
T. LJUBOMIROV
Cerceris interrupta interrupta (Panzer, 1793) Cerceris interrupta: ATANASSOV, 1964: 159, Bachkovski monastery area; SCHMIDT & WESTRICH, 1983: 125, Xánthi: Komniná Village. Cerceris quadricincta quadricincta (Panzer, 1799) 1†, 1‡, NW Peshtera, 22. VIII. 1958, D. Gogov leg. (NMNH). Cerceris quinquefasciata quinquefasciata (Rossi, 1792) 1‡, Dospat, 12. VIII. 1963, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 1‡, Trigrad Village, 13. VIII. 1963, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH) Cerceris rubida rubida (Jurine, 1807) Cerceris rubida: SCHMIDT & WESTRICH, 1983: 125, Xánthi: Komniná Village. 1‡, Assenovgrad, 21. VIII. 1961, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH). Cerceris rybyensis rybyensis (Linnaeus, 1771) Cerceris rybyensis: ATANASSOV, 1955: 203 – Yundola, 300 m. 1‡, Teshel Village, 12. VIII. 1963, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 1‡, Tchehlyovo, 24. VIII. 1965, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 1†, W Kisselitchevo Village, 1200 m, 4. VII. 2004, N. Simov leg. (IZS). Cerceris sabulosa sabulosa (Panzer, 1799) Cerceris sabulosa: ATANASSOV, 1964: 158, W Assenova Krepost Fortress. Cerceris eryngii: ATANASSOV, 1964: 159, W Assenova Krepost Fortress. 1†, 2‡‡, NW Peshtera, 22. VIII. 1958, D. Gogov leg. (NMNH); 2‡‡, Teshel Village, 12. VIII. 1963, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH). Genus Crabro Fabricius, 1775 Crabro (Crabro) alpinus Imhoff, 1863 1‡, Trigrad Village, 11. VIII. 1963, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 1‡, Syutkiya Peak, 2186 m, 14. VIII. 1963, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH). Crabro (Crabro) cribrarius (Linnaeus, 1758) Crabro (Thyreopus) cribrarius: ATANASSOV, 1964: 156 – Naretchenski Bani Village area, W Assenova Krepost Fortress. 3††, 2‡‡, Mutenitsa river valley, 23. VII. 1965, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 2††, 1‡, S Velingrad, 24. VII. 1965, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 1†, 1‡, Golyam Beglik dump, 28. VII. 1965, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 1†, 2‡‡, Rozhen, 28. VII. 1965, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 1†, Yundola Village, 1. VI. 2002, A. Stojanova leg. (IZS). Crabro (Crabro) peltarius peltarius (Schreber, 1784) Crabro (Thyreopus) peltarius: ATANASSOV, 1964: 156 – W Assenova Krepost Fortress. Crabro (Crabro) pugillator A. Costa, 1871 1†, 1‡, Golyam Beglik dump, 9. VII. 1962, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 1†, 1‡, Beglika, 13. VIII. 1963, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 1†, Syutkiya Peak, 2186 m, 14. VIII. 1963, N.
Hymenoptera
539
Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 1‡, N Milevi Skali Hut, 1590 m, 7. VII. 1992, T. Ljubomirov leg. (SUBF); 1†, N Milevi Skali Hut, 1590 m, 8. VII. 1992, I. Stoyanov leg. (SUBF). Genus Crossocerus Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau & Brullé, 1835 Crossocerus (Ablepharipus) assimilis assimilis (F. Smith, 1856) 1‡, Mutenitsa river valley, 23. VII. 1965, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH). Crossocerus (Acanthocrabro) vagabundus (Panzer, 1798) Crabro vagabundus: ATANASSOV, 1955: 195 – Belovo Railway Station area, 300 m. Crossocerus (Blepharipus) annulipes annulipes (Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau & Brullé, 1835) 1‡, Persenk Hut, 29. VII. 1965, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH). Crossocerus (Crossocerus) elongatulus elongatulus (Vander Linden, 1829) 1‡, NW Peshtera, 22. VIII. 1958, D. Gogov leg. (NMNH). Crossocerus (Crossocerus) varus (Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau & Brullé, 1835) 2‡‡, NE Naretchen Village, 640 m, 25. X. 2005, T. Ljubomirov leg. (IZS). Genus Dinetus Panzer, 1806 Dinetus pictus (Fabricius, 1793) Dinetus pictus: SCHMIDT & WESTRICH, 1983: 122, Xánthi: Komniná Village. Genus Diodontus Curtis, 1834 Diodontus (Diodontus) minutus minutus (Fabricius, 1793) Diodontus minutus: SCHMIDT & WESTRICH, 1983: 121, Xánthi: Komniná Village. 1‡, NE Naretchen Village, 640 m, 25. X. 2005, T. Ljubomirov leg. (IZS). Diodontus (Diodontus) tristis (Vander Linden, 1829) D.[iodontus] tristis: BALTHASAR ET ALL, 1967: 170, Bachkovo Village. Genus Ectemnius Dahlbom, 1845 Ectemnius (Thyreocerus) crassicornis (Spinola, 1808) 1†, NW Peshtera, 22. VIII. 1958, D. Gogov leg. (NMNH). Ectemnius (Clytocrhysus) cavifrons cavifrons (Thomson, 1870) 1†, Trigrad Village, 25. VII. 1964, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH). Ectemnius (Clytochrysus) lapidarius (Panzer, 1804) 1‡, Teshel Village, 12. VIII. 1963, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH). Ectemnius (Clytochrysus) sexcinctus (Fabricius, 1775) 1‡, Trigrad Village, 11. VIII. 1963, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 3††, Mutenitsa river valley, 23. VII. 1965, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH).
540
T. LJUBOMIROV
Ectemnius (Metacrabro) cephalotes (Olivier, 1792) Crabro quadricinctus: ATANASSOV, 1955: 194 – Yundola, 1200-1400 m; ATANASSOV, 1964: 156, Naretchenski Bani Village area. Ectemnius (Ectemnius) borealis (Zetterstedt, 1838) 1‡, S Orehovo Village, 10. VII. 1959 (NMNH). Ectemnius (Ectemnius) dives (Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau & Brullé, 1835) 1‡, Rakitovo, 900 m, 30. III. 1951, A. Drenowski leg. (NMNH). Ectemnius (Ectemnius) guttatus (Vander Linden, 1829) 1‡, Teshel Village, 12. VIII. 1963, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH). Ectemnius (Hypocrabro) continuus continuus (Fabricius, 1804) Ectemnius continuus: SCHMIDT & WESTRICH, 1983: 124, Xánthi: Komniná Village. Ectemnius (Hypocrabro) meridionalis (A. Costa, 1871) 1‡, NW Peshtera, 22. VIII. 1958, D. Gogov leg. (NMNH). Ectemnius (Hypocrabro) rubicola rubicola (Dufour & Perris, 1840) 1†, Trigrad Village, 25. VII. 1964, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH). Genus Entomognathus Dahlbom, 1844 Entomognathus (Entomognathus) brevis (Vander Linden, 1829) Entomognathus brevis: SCHMIDT & WESTRICH, 1983: 124, Xánthi: Komniná Village. 1‡, Mutenitsa river valley, 23. VII. 1965, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH). Genus Gorytes Latreille, 1804 Gorytes albidulus (Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1832) Gorytes (Hoplisus) quinquefasciatus: ATANASSOV, 1955: 200, Batak Village. 1†, Mutenitsa river valley, 23. VII. 1965, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH). Gorytes quinquecinctus quinquecinctus (Fabricius, 1793) Gorytes quinquecinctus: SCHMIDT & WESTRICH, 1983: 124, Xánthi: Komniná Village. 1†, S Velingrad, 24. VII. 1965, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 1†, E Naretchenski Bani Village, 5. VII. 2005, T. Ljubomirov leg. (IZS). Gorytes quinquefasciatus quinquefasciatus (Panzer, 1798) Gorytes (Hoplisus) laticinctus: ATANASSOV, 1964: 157, W Assenova Krepost Fortress. Gorytes (Hoplisus) quinquefasciatus: ATANASSOV, 1964: 158, W Assenova Krepost Fortress. Genus Lestica Billberg, 1820 Lestica (Solenius) clypeata (Schreber, 1759) Crabro (Thyreus) clypeatus: ATANASSOV, 1964: 156, SW Assenova Krepost Fortress. Lestica clypeata: SCHMIDT & WESTRICH, 1983: 124, Xánthi: Komniná Village.
Hymenoptera
541
Lestica (Lestica) subterranea subterranea (Fabricius, 1775) 1‡, Selishte Village, 28. VII. 1966, M. Vitanova leg. (NMNH). Genus Lindenius Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau & Brullé, 1835 Lindenius albilabris albilabris (Fabricius, 1793) Crabro albilabris: ATANASSOV, 1964: 156 – W Assenova Krepost Fortress. 1‡, Dospat, 12. VIII. 1963, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH). Genus Mellinus Fabricius, 1790 Mellinus arvensis (Linnaeus, 1758) 13††, 3‡‡, Mutenitsa river valley, 23. VII. 1965, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH). Genus Mimesa Shuckard, 1837 Mimesa bicolor (Jurine, 1807) 1‡, Rozhen, 28. VII. 1965, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH). Mimesa crassipes A. Costa, 1871 1‡, Ptchelarovo Village, 460 m, 3. IX. 1975, J. Kolarov leg. (IZS). Genus Mimumesa Malloch, 1933 Mimumesa littoralis (Bondroit, 1934) 1†, Nikolovo Village, 320 m, 30. VI. 1975, J. Kolarov leg. (IZS). Genus Nysson Latreille, 1802 Nysson fulvipes A. Costa, 1859 N.[ysson] fulvipes: BALTHASAR et al., 1967: 173, Bachkovo Village. Nysson spinosus (J. Förster, 1771) 1‡, NE Yurukovo Village, 950 m, 15. – 30. VI. 2004, O. Todorov leg. (IZS). Genus Oxybelus Latreille, 1796 Oxybelus haemorrhoidalis Olivier, 1812 1‡, NW Peshtera, 22. VIII. 1958, D. Gogov leg. (NMNH) Oxybelus mucronatus mucronatus (Fabricius, 1793) Oxybelus mucronatus: ATANASSOV, 1964: 156 – NW Peshtera, W Assenova Krepost Fortress; SCHMIDT & WESTRICH, 1983: 124, Xánthi: Komniná Village. 4 ††, NW Peshtera, 22. VIII. 1958, D. Gogov leg. (NMNH) Oxybelus quatuordecimnotatus Jurine, 1807 1†, NW Peshtera, 22. VIII. 1958, D. Gogov leg. (NMNH); 1 †, Yadenitsa riverside, 750 m, 18. IX. 1997, T. Ljubomirov leg. (IZS). Oxybelus uniglumis (Linnaeus, 1758) 1‡, NW Peshtera, 22. VIII. 1958, D. Gogov leg. (NMNH)
542
T. LJUBOMIROV Oxybelus variegatus Wesmael, 1852 SCHMIDT & WESTRICH, 1983: 124, Xánthi: Komniná Village. Genus Passaloecus Shuckard, 1837 Passaloecus gracilis (Curtis, 1834) 1‡, Polkovnik Serafimovo Village, 5. VIII. 1999, R. Bektchiev leg. (IZS). Passaloecus singularis Dahlbom, 1844 SCHMIDT & WESTRICH, 1983: 121, Xánthi: Komniná Village. 1†, Boykovo Village, 1130 m, 12. VI. 1997, J. Kolarov leg. (IZS).
Genus Pemphredon Latreille, 1796 Pemphredon lethifer (Shuckard, 1837) SCHMIDT & WESTRICH, 1983: 121, Xánthi: Komniná Village. 2††, Assenovgrad, 27. IX, 1961, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 6‡‡, Assenovgrad, 29. IX. 1961, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 1†, Gornoslav Village, 23. VI. 1968, P. Angelov leg. (PUPH); 1†, Polkovnik Serafimovo Village, 5. VIII. 1999, R. Bektchiev leg. (IZS). Pemphredon lugubris (Fabricius, 1793) ATANASSOV, 1964: 157, Assenova Krepost Fortress area. 1‡, Kritchim, 19. VI. 1934, I. Buresch leg. (NMNH); 1‡, Persenk Hut, 29. VII. 1965, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH). Pemphredon montana Dahlbom, 1845 1‡, Golyam Beglik dump, 9. VII. 1962, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH). Pemphredon podagrica Chevrier, 1870 1‡, NE Yurukovo Village, 950 m, 10. – 20. V. 2003, O. Todorov leg. (IZS). Pemphredon rugifer (Dahlbom, 1844) 1‡, Beglika, 13. VIII. 1963, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH). Genus Philanthus Fabricius, 1790 Philanthus coronatus coronatus (Thunberg, 1784) Philanthus coronatus: ATANASSOV, 1964: 158, W Assenova Krepost Fortress. Philanthus triangulum triangulum (Fabricius, 1775) Philanthus triangulum: ATANASSOV, 1955: 202, Belovo Railway Station area, 300; ATANASSOV, 1964: 158, W Assenova Krepost Fortress; ATANASSOV, 1964: 158, S Naretchenski Bani Village. 12††, NW Peshtera, 22. VIII. 1958, D. Gogov leg. (NMNH); 1‡, Devin, 8. VII. 1962, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 1†, 1‡, Velingrad, 10. VII. 1962, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 1‡, Trigrad Village, 11. VIII. 1963, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 5††, 1‡, Dospat, 12. VIII. 1963, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH); 2††, 1‡, Dubovitsa Village, 18. VI. 1969, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH).
Hymenoptera
543
Philanthus venustus (Rossi, 1790) ATANASSOV, 1955: 202, above Belovo Railway Station, Kritchim. Genus Rhopalum Stephens, 1829 Rhopalum (Corynopus) coarctatum coarctatum (Scopoli, 1763) 1‡, NE Yurukovo Village, 950 m, 30. IX. – 15. X. 2003, O. Todorov leg. (IZS). Rhopalum (Rhopalum) clavipes clavipes (Linnaeus, 1758) 1‡, Yadenitsa riverside, 750 m, 18. IX. 1997, T. Ljubomirov leg. (IZS). Genus Solierella Spinola, 1851 Solierella compedita compedita (Piccioli, 1869) 1‡ Vutcha valley, 390 m, 23. VI. 2004, N. Simov leg. (IZS). Genus Spilomena Shuckard, 1837 Spilomena troglodytes (Vander Linden, 1829) 1‡, NE Yurukovo Village, 950 m, 30. V. – 15. VI. 2003, O. Todorov leg. (IZS). Genus Stigmus Panzer, 1804 Stigmus solskyi A. Morawitz, 1864 1†, N Boykovo Village, 650 m, 6. V. 2003, O. Todorov leg. (IZS). Genus Tachysphex Kohl, 1883 Tachysphex brullii brullii (F. Smith, 1856) 1‡, NE Yurukovo Village, 950 m, 15. – 30. VI. 2004, O. Todorov leg. (IZS). Tachysphex consocius Kohl, 1892 Tachysphex consocius: SCHMIDT & WESTRICH, 1983: 123, Xánthi: Komniná Village. Tachysphex incertus incertus (Radoszkowsky, 1877) 1†, Satovtcha Village, 26. VII. 1965, N. Atanassov leg. (NMNH). Tachysphex panzeri (Vander Linden, 1829) ATANASSOV, 1955: 201, Belovo Railway Station area, Yundola vicinities, 11001400 m; SCHMIDT & WESTRICH, 1983: 123, Xánthi: Komniná Village. Tachysphex psammobius (Kohl, 1880) PUŁAWSKI, 1971: 192, Velingrad. 1‡, NE Yurukovo Village, 950 m, 10. – 20. V. 2003, O. Todorov leg. (IZS). Tachysphex tarsinus (Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1845) Tachysphex tarsinus: SCHMIDT & WESTRICH, 1983: 123, Xánthi: Komniná Village. Tachysphex unicolor unicolor (Panzer, 1809) 1‡, N Milevi Skali Hut, 1590 m, 6. VII. 1992, T. Ljubomirov leg. (CAS).
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T. LJUBOMIROV Genus Tachytes Panzer, 1806 Tachytes panzeri panzeri Dufour, 1841 Tachytes europaea: ATANASSOV, 1955: 200 – Yundola, 1400 m. Tachytes obsoleta: ATANASSOV, 1955: 201 – Kritchim. Tachytes europaeus: ATANASSOV, 1964: 158, S Assenova Krepost Fortress.
Genus Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796 Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) clavicerum clavicerum Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau & Audinet-Serville, 1828 1‡, Gornoslav Village, 23. VI. 1968, P. Angelov leg. (PUPH); 1†, NE Yurukovo Village, 950 m, 15. – 30. VI. 2004, O. Todorov leg. (IZS). Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) figulus figulus (Linnaeus, 1758) Trypoxylon figulus: ATANASSOV, 1964: 161, W Assenova Krepost Fortress. 1†, 1‡, NE Yurukovo Village, 950 m, 15. – 30. VI. 2004, O. Todorov leg. (IZS). Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) minus de Beaumont, 1945 Trypoxylon minus: PULAWSKI, 1984: 135, W Tchepelarski Pass.
Acknowledgements I would like warmly to thank Pavel Angelov, Rostislav Bektchiev, Peter Boyadzhiev, Albena Gionova, Borisslav Guéorguiev, Janko Kolarov, Aneliya Stojanova, Ivaylo Stoyanov, Nikolay Simov, Ognyan Todorov and Georgi Tzankov for the material they provided for this study. Sincere thanks are extended to the curator of the entomological collection in the National Museum of Natural History in Sofia Dr. Alexi Popov who generously lent me valuable material for the purposes of this study and patiently waited for its return. The discussions with Dr. Aneliya Stojanova are highly appreciated.
References ATANASSOV N. 1940. Beitrag zum Studium der Golgwespen Bulgariens - (Chrysididae-Hymenoptera). Mitteilungen der Bulgarischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft in Sofia, 11: 203-216 (In Bulgarian). ATANASSOV N. 1951. Neue Arten Hymenoptera aus den Familien Sapygidae, Scoliidae, Tiphiidae, Mutillidae, Masaridae und Psammocharidae (Pompilidae) für die Fauna Bulgariens und der Balkanhalbinsel. – Bulletin de l’Institut de Zoologie, Sofia, 1: 286-297 (In Bulgarian). ATANASSOV N. 1955. Neue und seltene Arten aus der Fam. Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) für die Fauna Bulgariens. - Bulletin de l’Institut de Zoologie. Sofia, 4-5: 191-214 (In Bulgarian). ATANASSOV N. 1964. Hymenopterenarten aus der Thrakischen Tiefebene (Südbulgarien): 145-206. In: Die Fauna Thrakiens. 1. Verlag der Bulgarischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Sofia. 406 pp (In Bulgarian). BALTHASAR V., HRUBANT M., HRUBANT E. 1967. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hymenopteren Bulgariens (Chrysididae, Sphecidae). - Acta Faunistica Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 12: 161-176. BURESCH I. 1924. Mutillidae (Hym. Aculeata) gesammelt in Bulgarien, Thracien und Macedonien. Mitteilungen der Bulgarischen Entomologischen Gesellchaft in Sofia, 1: 36. KOLAROV J. 1991. New and little known parasitic Hymenoptera for the Bulgarian fauna. - Historia naturalis bulgarica, 3: 72-74.
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LJUBOMIROV T. 2000. Revised check-list of digger wasps (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) from the collection of N. Nedelkov at the National Museum of Natural History in Sofia. - Historia naturalis bulgarica, 12: 5-15. LJUBOMIROV T., in press. The Mutillid Wasp Collection of the National Museum of Natural History in Sofia (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). - Historia naturalis bulgarica. NEDIALKOV N. 1909. [Our entomological fauna]. - Archiv of the National Education Board. Sofia, 1(3): 83135 (in Bulgarian). NEDIALKOV N. 1914. Septième contribution à la faune entomologique de la Bulgarie. - Revue de l’Académie Bulgare des Sciences. Classe des Sciences Naturelles et Mathématiques, 9: 181-210 (In Bulgarian). PUŁAWSKI W. 1971. Les Tachysphex (Hym., Sphecidae) de la région paléarctique occidentale et centrale. Pañstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Wrocław. 464 pp. PUŁAWSKI W. 1984. The status of Trypoxylon figulus (Linnaeus, 1758), medium de Beaumont, 1945, and minus de Beaumont, 1945 (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). - Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 43:123-140. SCHMIDT K., WESTRICH, P. 1983. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Grabwespenfauna Nord-Griechenlands (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). - Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen, 32: 118-126. STOYANOV I., LJUBOMIROV T. 2000. Notes on Woodwasp Families Siricidae, Xiphydriidae and Orussidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) from Bulgaria. - Acta zoologica bulgarica, 52(3): 37-39.
Author’s address: Toshko Ljubomirov Institute of Zoology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
Преглед на фаунистичните изследвания върху ципокрилите насекоми от семействата Siricidae, Orussidae, Stephanidae, Chrysididae, Bethylidae, Sapygidae, Scoliidae, Tiphiidae, Mutillidae, Pompilidae, Sphecidae и Crabronidae от Западните Родопи – България и Гърция (Insecta: Hymenoptera) Тошко ЛЮБОМИРОВ (Р е з ю м е) Изследвани са няколко групи ципокрили насекоми, принадлежащи към семействата Siricidae, Orussidae, Stephanidae, Chrysididae, Bethylidae, Sapygidae, Scoliidae, Tiphiidae, Mutillidae, Pompilidae, Sphecidae и Crabronidae по отношение на предходните фаунистични съобщения за територията на Западните Родопи. Като резултат от осъвременяванито на тези съобщенея, обединени с добавените нови данни за видове от района е установен следния брой видове по семейства: Siricidae - 2, Orussidae -1, Stephanidae – 1, Chrysididae - 26, Bethylidae - 4, Sapygidae - 1, Scoliidae - 6, Tiphiidae - 3, Mutillidae - 10, Pompilidae - 10, Sphecidae - 12 и Crabronidae – 83. Следните таксони са нови за фауната на България: род Bethylus Latreille, 1802 с видовете Bethylus fuscicornis (Jurine, 1807) и Bethylus pillosus (Kieffer, 1904) и род Allepyris Kieffer, 1905 с видовете Allepyris microneurus Kieffer, 1906.
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Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of the Western Rhodopes, Bulgaria
ANELIA STOJANOVA
Stojanova A. 2006. Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of the Western Rhodopes, Bulgaria. – In: Beron P. (ed) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 547-560. Abstract. The paper summarizes the data on the family Eurytomidae in the Bulgarian part of the Western Rhodopes. The faunistic list, based on published data and original material, consists of 96 species, belonging to 6 genera. Forty one species are herein newly recorded for the region, and 7 species of them (Eurytoma adenophorae, E. aquatica, E. collina, E. festucae, E. stepposa, Tetramesa longicornis and T. robusta) are new to the Bulgarian fauna. Key words: Eurytomidae, Chalcidoidea, Hymenoptera, faunistic, Rhodopes, Bulgaria.
Introduction The Eurytomid fauna of the Western Rhodopes is partly known. Fifty five species have been published for the region by now (IVANOV, 1957, 1960; OVCHAROV & PELOV, 1993; STOJANOVA , 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002). That is roughly 42 % of the Eurytomids recorded so far from Bulgaria. The Western Rhodopes are part of the Rila-Rhodopean mountain massif and they cover 8061 sq. km. Most of the territory comprises mountain type of landscape and the highest peak is 2191 m (Golyam Perelik Summit). Mountain climatic conditions are predominant in the Western Rhodopes. However a significant differentiation may be observed due to transitional continental climate in the north periphery of the region and a Mediterranean influence on the south mountain slopes. The great variety of habitats in the studied region predetermines the existence of rich entomofauna with specific features. The aim of this paper is to review the Eurytomids of the Western Rhodopes based on published data and original faunistic material.
Material and methods The faunistic material was collected between 1969 and 2002, mainly by sweeping in grass localities. Some specimens were reared from galls and seeds in laboratory conditions.
548
A. STOJANOVA
The faunistic list comprises the following data: the valid taxa name, published data for the region (if any), locality names, date of collectoin, number and sex of specimens, host (in case of rearing), name of the collector (when the material was not collected by the author). The species new to the Bulgarian fauna are marked with an asterisk (*) in the faunistic list. The material was collected in 77 localities at the following above sea level altitudes in metres and UTM code: Yundola Village – 1400 m, GM35; Satovcha Village – 100 m, GM41; Chehlyovo Forster Lodge, S of Velingrad, 1450 m, GM43; Grashevo Village, 1100 m, GM44; Velingrad, 800 m, GM45; Sarnitsa Village, 1200 m, KG52; Dospat, 1100 m, KG61; Shiroka Polyana Dam, 1600 m, KG62; Beglika Hut; 1600 m, KG63; Batak, 1000 m, KG64; Snezhanka Hut, 600 m, KG75; Peshtera, 500 m, KG75; Trigrad Village, 1200 m, KG80; Yagodina Village, 1100 m, KG81; Devin, 700 m, KG82; Ravnogor Village, 1300 m, KG84; Golyam Perelik Summit, 2191 m, KG90; Malak Perelik Summit, 2100 m, KG90; Perelik Hut, 1960 m, KG91; Golyam Snezhnik Summit, 2188 m, KG91; Lednitsata Hut, 1700 m, KG91; Gela Village, 1400 m, KG91; Shiroka Laka Village, 1100 m, KG91; Persenk Hut, 1700 m, KG93; Skalni Mostove Hut, 1600 m, KG93; Chudni Mostove Hut, 1500 m, KG93; Krichim, 350 m, KG95; Perushitsa, 300 m, KG95; Skobelevo Village, 1200 m, KG95; Stoykite Village, 1300 m, LG01; Smolyanski Ezera Hut, 1500 m, LG01; Snezhanka Summit, 1925 m, LG01; Studenets Hut, 1700 m, LG01; Pamporovo Resort, 1400 m, LG01; Izgrev Hut, 1800 m, LG02; Orehovo Village, 900 m, LG03; Hvoyna Village, 700 m, LG03; Pavelsko Village, 800 m, LG03; Byala Cherkva Hut, 1650 m, LG04; Chernatitsa Hut, 1300 m, LG05; Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, LG05; Bryanovshtitsa Hut, 950 m, LG05; Boykovo Village, 1100 m, LG05; Akademika Hut, 600 m, LG05; Hrabrino Village, 350 m, LG05; Rozhen Locality, NE of Pamporovo Resort, 1300 m, LG11; Momchilovtsi Village, 1200 m, LG11; Kutela Village, 1300 m, LG11; Pashaliytsa Hut, 1100 m, LG13; Narechenski Bani Resort, 700 m, LG14; Markovo Village, 300 m, LG15; Galabovo Village, 700 m, LG15; Ruen Hut, 1200 m, LG15; Kuklen Village, 350 m, LG15; Gorni Voden Village, 400 m, LG15; Sveti Kirik Monastery, 350 m, LG15; Ruen Village, 350 m, LG15; Yavorovo Village, 1100 m, LG15; Bosilkovo Village, 1000 m, LG21; Pespa Hut, 1800 m, LG21; Svoboda Hut, 1800 m, LG22; Manastir Village, 1450 m, LG22; Oreshets Village, 900 m, LG23; Belitsa Village, 800 m, LG23; Chervenata Stena Reserve, 700 m, LG24; Bachkovo Village, 400 m, LG24; Bachkovski Monastery, 400 m, LG24; Martsiganitsa Hut, 1400 m, LG24; Asenovgrad, 300 m, LG29; Asenova Krepost Locality, S of Asenovgrad, 350 m, LG29; Davidkovo Village, 1000 m, LG31; Dryanka Village, 750 m, LG31; Zagrazhden Village, 1000 m, LG32; Planinsko Village, 1200 m, LG32; Belichki Vrah Summit, 1599 m, LG32; Topolovo Village, 450 m, LG34; Novakovo Village, 400 m, LG34.
Faunistic results Archirileya inopinata Silvestri, 1920 Material: Zagrazhden Village, 4.7.1996, 3 ‡‡; Snezhanka Summit, 21.7.1999, 1 ‡; 18.8.2001, 1 ‡; Smolyanski Ezera Hut, 21.7.1999, 1 ‡; Chernatitsa Hut, 5.7.2000, 1 ‡;
Eurytomidae
549
Malak Perelik Summit, 19.7.2001, 1 ‡; Golyam Snezhnik Summit, 19.7.2001, 1 ‡; Lednitsata Hut, 20.7.2001, 1 ‡; Gela Village, 20.7.2001, 1 ‡. Tetramesa agrostidis (Howard, 1896) STOJANOVA (1997): Hrabrino Village. Tetramesa aneurolepidii Zerova, 1965 Material: Zdravets Hut, 26.6.1996, 1 ‡; Zagrazhden Village, 8.7.1996, 1 ‡. Tetramesa angustipenne (Walker, 1832) STOJANOVA (2001): Chudnite Mostove Hut, Manastir Village. Tetramesa brachypodii (Schlechtendal, 1891) Material: Ruen Hut, 25.5.1996, 1 ‡; Rozhen Locality, NE of Pamporovo Resort, 2.7.1998, 1 ‡. Tetramesa brevicollis (Walker, 1836) STOJANOVA (2001): Yundola Village. Tetramesa cereipes (Erdös, 1955) STOJANOVA (1999): Akademika Hut. Material: Chernatitsa Hut, 6.6.1998, 1 †; Zdravets Hut, 3.6.1999, 1 †. Tetramesa eremita (Portschinsky, 1881) Material: Asenovgrad, 30.4.1996, 1 ‡. Tetramesa fulvicollis (Walker, 1832) STOJANOVA (1997): Izgrev Hut, Belitsa Village, Zagrazhden Village. Material: Chernatitsa Hut, 6.6.1996, 1 ‡; 5.7.2000, 1 ‡, P. Boyadzhiev leg.; Izgrev Hut, 14.6.1996, 2 ‡‡; Byala Cherkva Hut, 26.6.1996, 1 ‡; Zdravets Hut, 18.6.1997, 1 †; Prespa Hut, 28.7.1997, 1 ‡; Pavelsko Village, 25.6.1998, 1 ‡; Orehovo Village, 25.6.2000, 1 ‡, 1 †. Tetramesa gracilipennis Szelenyi, 1968 Material: Asenovgrad, 30.4.1996, 1 ‡; Hrabrino Village, 10.5.1998, 1 ‡; Yundola Village, 20.5.1998, 1 ‡. Tetramesa inermis Erdös, 1963 Material: Svoboda Hut, 4.7.1998, 2 ‡‡. Tetramesa linearis (Walker, 1832) STOJANOVA (1999): Hrabrino Village, Akademika Hut. Material: Hrabrino Village, 9.5.1996, 2 ‡‡; Yundola Village, 29.5.1998, 1 ‡.
550
A. STOJANOVA *Tetramesa longicornis (Walker, 1832) Material: Yundola Village, 29.5.1998, 2 ‡. Tetramesa phleicola (Hedicke, 1920) STOJANOVA (2001): Hrabrino Village, Galabovo Village, Yundola Village. Tetramesa poae (Schlechtendal, 1891) STOJANOVA (2001): Akademika Hut, Yundola Village. *Tetramesa robusta Zerova, 1965 Material: Hrabrino Village, 30.5.1996, 2 ‡‡. Eurytoma aemula Szelenyi, 1974 Material: Hrabrino Village, 21.5.2000, 1 ‡. Eurytoma aetiops Boheman, 1836 Material: Smolyanski Ezera Hut, 21.7.1999, 1 ‡. Eurytoma acericola Zerova, 1975 STOJANOVA (2001): Asenovgrad.
Eurytoma aciculata Ratzeburg, 1848 Material: Byala Cherkva Hut, 2 ‡‡, 1 † (reared from Pontania viminalis (Tenthredinidae) galls on Salix sp.). *Eurytoma adenophorae Zerova, 1993 Material: Belichki Vrah Summit, 17.8.1985, 1 ‡, St. Petrov leg.; Lednitsata Hut, 22.8.1985, 1 ‡, St. Petrov leg. Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein, 1907 IVANOV (1957, 1960): Markovo Village. Material: Asenovgrad, 1.12.1991, 24 ‡‡, 2 ††, A. Donev leg. (reared from seeds of Amygdalus communis); 15.1.2000, 6 ‡‡ (reared from seeds of Amygdalus communis); Markovo Village, 8.12.1991, 40 ‡‡, 29 ††, A. Donev leg. (reared from seeds of Amygdalus communis). Eurytoma appendigaster (Swederus, 1795) Material: Chudni Mostove Hut, 21.5.1969, 1 ‡, leg. P. Angelov; Zagrazhden Village, 10.7.1993, 1 ‡, leg. P. Boyadzhiev; 8.7.1996, 1 ‡; Planinsko Village, 4.7.1997, 1 ‡, Snezhanka Summit, 21.7.1999, 1 ‡; Manastir Village, 2.7.2000, 2 ‡‡. Eurytoma appetens Szelenyi, 1974 Material: Gela Village, 20.7.2001, 3 ‡‡; Chehlyovo Forster Lodge, S of Velingrad, 27.7.2000, 1 ‡.
Eurytomidae
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*Eurytoma aquatica Erdös, 1955 Material: Zagrazhden Village, 2.7.1996, 1 ‡; 3.7.1996, 1 ‡. Eurytoma aspila (Walker, 1836) Material: Asenovgrad, 21.6.1996, 1 †; Zdravets Hut, 18.6.1997, 1 †; Planinsko Village, 4.7.1997, 2 ††; Gorni Voden Village, 19.5.1998, 1 †; Chernatitsa Hut, 5.7.2000, 2 ††; Lednitsata Hut, 19.7.2001, 1 ‡. Eurytoma augasmae Zerova, 1977 STOJANOVA (2000): Oreshets Village, Martsiganitsa Hut. Material: Sarnitsa Village, 28.7.2000, 49 ‡‡, 5 †† (f lew off Braconidae (Hymenoptera) cocoons in Dicranura vinulla (Lepidoptera) larva). Eurytoma baldingerae Erdös, 1961 STOJANOVA (2001): Akademika Hut, Bryanovshtitsa Hut. Material: Asenovgrad, 30.4.1996, 2 ‡‡; Asenova Krepost Locality, S of Asenovgrad, 10.5.1997, 1 ‡; Akademika Hut, 16,5.1997, 11 ‡‡. Eurytoma brunniventris Ratzeburg, 1852 Material: Hrabrino Village, 6.2.2000, 9 ‡‡ (reared from Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) gall on Quercus sp.); Boykovo Village, 6.2.2000, 11 ‡‡, 1 † (reared from Andricus conglomerata (Cynipidae) galls on Quercus sp.); Topolovo Village, 7.3.2000, 5 ‡‡, 1 † (reared from Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) galls on Quercus sp.). Eurytoma castor Claridge, 1959 Material: Hrabrino Village, 9.5.1995, 1 ‡, leg. P. Boyadzhiev; Martsiganitsa Hut, 18.6.1996, 1 ‡; Yundola Village, 21.7.1996, 1 ‡; Zdravets Hut, 18.6.1997, 1 ‡; 4.7.1999, 1 ‡; Bachkovo Village, 9.6.2000, 1 ‡; Orehovo Village, 25.6.2000, 1 ‡; Lednitsata Hut, 20.7.2001, 1 ‡; Gela Village, 20.7.2001, 1 ‡. Eurytoma caulicola Zerova, 1971 STOJANOVA (2001): Galabovo Village, Bryanovshtitsa Hut, Prespa Hut, Izgrev Hut, Orehovo Village, Persenk Hut, Zdravets Hut, Hrabrino Village. Material: Rozhen Locality, NE of Pamporovo Resort, 27.7.1985, 1 ‡, St. Petrov leg.; Zagrazhden Village, 10.7.1997, 1 ‡. Eurytoma cebennica Graham, 1984 STOJANOVA (2000): Izgrev Hut, Byala Cherkva Hut, Belitsa Village, Zagrazhden Village. Material: Planinsko Village, 4.7.1997, 2 ‡‡; Ruen Hut, 25.5.1998, 1 ‡. Eurytoma centaureae Claridge, 1960 STOJANOVA (1997): Hrabrino Village.
552
A. STOJANOVA
Eurytoma collaris Walker, 1832 STOJANOVA (2001): Chernatitsa Hut, Martsiganitsa Hut, Orehovo Village, Zdravets Hut, Yundola Village. Material: Hrabrino Village, 30.5.1996, 1 ‡; Trigrad Village, 27.5.1997, 1 ‡; Devin, 29.5.1998, 1 ‡, P. Boyadzhiev leg.; Galabovo Village, 6.6.1998, 1 ‡. *Eurytoma collina Zerova, 1984 Material: Asenovgrad, 21.6.1993, 2 ‡‡, P. Boyadzhiev leg. Eurytoma compressa (Fabricius, 1794) Eurytoma tibialis: STOJANOVA (2000): Hrabrino Village, Yavorovo Village, Studenets Hut, Martsiganitsa Hut, Yundola Village, Zagrazhden Village, Velingrad, Smolyanski Ezera Hut. Material: Perushtitsa, 7.5.1997, 1 ‡; Krichim, 13.5.1997, 1 ‡; 23.6.1997, 2 ††; Hrabrino Village, 16.5.1997, 1 †; Bryanovshtitsa Hut, 17.5.1997, 1 †; Devin, 29.5.1998, 1 †; Oreshets Village, 10.7.1998, 1 ‡; Hvoyna Village, 18.7.1998, 1 ‡; Satovcha Village, 23.7.1999, 1 ‡; Topolovo Village, 7.3.2000, 1 ‡ (emerged from flower head of Carduus acanthoides); Persenk Hut, 25.6.2000, 9 ‡‡, 1 †; Chernatitsa Hut, 5.7.2000, 14 ‡‡, 5 ††; Batak, 27.7.2000, 1 ‡; 27.7.2000, 1 ‡, 1 † (emerged from flower head of Centaurea sp.); Grashevo Village, 27.7.2000, 1 ‡; Skalni Mostove Hut, 20.8.2000, 1 ‡; Studenets Hut, 18.7.2001, 7 ‡‡; Golyam Perelik Summit, 19.7.2001, 1 ‡; Lednitsata Hut, 19.7.2001, 1 ‡; 20.7.2001, 2 ‡‡; Gela Village, 20.7.2001, 3 ‡‡, 1 †; Zdravets Hut, 3.8.2001, 1 †; 4.8.2001, 1 ‡. Eurytoma contumax Szelenyi, 1974 STOJANOVA (2000): Oreshets Village. Material: Yundola Village, 21.7.1996, 1 ‡; Akademika Hut, 16.5.1997, 1 ‡. Eurytoma crassinervis Thomson, 1875 STOJANOVA (2001): Hrabrino Village, Martsiganitsa Hut. Eurytoma cynipsea Boheman, 1836 Material: Zdravets Hut, 18.6.1997, 1 †. Eurytoma dentata Mayr, 1878 Material: Zagrazhden Village, 3.7.1996, 1 ‡; Kuklen Village, 8.3.1998, 1 ‡, 1 † (emerged from Asphondylia verbasci (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) galls on Verbascum sp.); Narechenski Bani Resort, 25.6.2000, 72 ‡‡, 20 †† (emerged from Asphondylia verbasci (Ceccidomyiidae, Diptera) galls on Verbascum sp.); Grashevo Village, 27.7.2000, 1 ‡; Markovo Village, 21.7.2001, 1 ‡ (emerged from Asphondylia verbasci (Ceccidomyiidae, Diptera) gall on Verbascum sp.). Eurytoma elymi Zerova, 1978 STOJANOVA (2000): Galabovo Village, Atoluka Locality near Ravnogor Village, Izgrev Hut, Planinsko Village.
Eurytomidae
553
Material: Hrabrino Village, 16.6.1996, 1 ‡; 21.5.2000, 1 ‡; Izgrev Hut, 14.6.1996, 1 ‡; 18.6.1996, 1 ‡; Chernatitsa Hut, 6.6.1998, 2 ‡‡; Akademika Hut, 12.6.1998, 1 ‡; Galabovo Village, 14.6.1998, 1 ‡; Martsiganitsa Hut, 8.7.1999, 1 ‡; Chervenata Stena Reserve, 22.7.1999, 1 ‡; Satovcha Village, 23.7.1999, 1 ‡; Orehovo Village, 25.6.2000, 1 ‡; Persenk Hut, 25.6.2000, 1 ‡. Eurytoma erdoesi (Erdös, 1969) STOJANOVA (2001): Martsiganitsa Hut. Eurytoma euphorbicola Zerova, 1994 STOJANOVA (2000): Draynka Village, Planinsko Village, Zagrazhden Village, Pamporovo resort, Smolyanski Ezera Hut. Material: Zagrazhden Village, 9.7.1994, 1 ‡; 3.7.1996, 1 ‡; Izgrev Hut, 14.6.1996, 1 †; Byala Cherkva Hut, 26.6.1996, 1 †; Persenk Hut, 13.8.1996, 1 ‡; Perushtitsa, 7.5.1997, 2 ‡‡; Bryanovshtitsa Hut, 17.5.1997, 1 ‡; Chernatitsa Hut, 6.6.1997, 1 ‡; Zdravets Hut, 18.6.1997, 4 ‡‡, 7 ††; Planinsko Village, 4.7.1997, 1 †; Pashaliytsa Hut, 4.6.1998, 1 ‡; Bosilkovo Village, 29.6.1998, 1 ‡; Davidkovo Village, 2.7.1998, 3 ‡‡; Belitsa Village, 11.7.1998, 1 ‡; Kuklen Village, 30.5.1999, 14 ‡‡; Pamporovo Resort, 22.7.1999, 1 ‡, 1 †; Orehovo Village, 25.6.2000, 1 ‡; Manastir Village, 2.7.2000, 4 ‡‡; Shiroka Polyana Dam, 28.7.2000, 1 ‡; Beglika Hut, 28.7.2000, 1 ‡; Stoykite Village, 29.7.2000, 1 ‡; Lednitsata Hut, 19.7.2001, 1 ‡; 20.7.2001, 2 ‡‡; Gela Village, 20.7.2001, 1 ‡; Shiroka Laka Village, 20.7.2001, 4 ‡‡. *Eurytoma festucae Zerova, 1977 Material: Shiroka Polyana Dam, 28.7.2000, 1 ‡; Snezhanka Summit, 18.7.2001, 2 ‡‡. Eurytoma f laveola (Zerova, 1976) Material: Zagrazhden Village, 4.7.1996, 1 ‡; Yundola Village, 21.7.1996, 1 ‡; Planinsko Village, 4.7.1997, 1 ‡; Kutela Village, 2.7.1998, 1 ‡; Smolyanski Ezera Hut, 21.7.1999, 1 ‡. Eurytoma f lavimana Boheman, 1836 STOJANOVA (2000): Bosilkovo Village, Batak, Hrabrino Village. Material: Akademika Hut, 12.6.1996, 1 ‡; 27.5.1998, 2 ††; Hrabrino Village, 30.5.1996, 8 ‡‡, 1 †; 9.5.1997, 1 ‡, 1 †; 5.6.1998, 1 †; Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 18.6.1997, 1 ‡; Martsiganitsa Hut, 5.7.1997, 1 †; 8.7.1999, 1 ‡; Galabovo Village, 14.6.1998, 2 ‡; Orehovo Village, 25.6.2000, 11 ‡‡, 1 †; Lednitsata Hut, 19.7.2001, 1 ‡; 20.7.2001, 1 ‡. Eurytoma fumipennis Walker, 1836 STOJANOVA (2000): Zagrazhden Village, Smolyanski Ezera Hut, Pamporovo Resort. Material: Izgrev Hut, 14.6.1997, 1 ‡; Shiroka Laka Village, 29.7.2000, 1 ‡. Eurytoma harmoliticola Zerova, 1977 STOJANOVA (2001): Martsiganitsa Hut. Material: Golyam Perelik Summit, 19.7.2001, 1 ‡.
554
A. STOJANOVA Eurytoma hybrida Zerova, 1978 STOJANOVA (1999): Lukovishko Dere Locality, S of Asenovgrad. Material: Martsiganitsa Hut, 8.7.1999, 3 ‡‡. Eurytoma koeleriae Erdös, 1969 Material: Akademika Hut, 16.5.1997, 1 ‡. Eurytoma laserpitii Mayr, 1878 Material: Akademika Hut, 13.6.1997, 1 ‡. Eurytoma linariae Zerova, 1987 Eurytoma linariae: STOJANOVA (2000): Asenovgrad, Oreshets Village, Martsiganitsa Hut.
Eurytoma nikolskayae Zerova, 1989 STOJANOVA (2000): Asenova Krepost Locality, S of Asenovgrad. Material: Persenk Hut, 13.8.1996, 1 ‡; Asenova Krepost Locality, S of Asenovgrad, 13.2.2000, 1 ‡, 1 † (emerged from Cynipidae galls on Rosa sp.). Eurytoma nodularis Boheman, 1836 Material: Batak, 27.7.1998, 1 †. Eurytoma noxialis (Portschinsky, 1881) Material: Hrabrino Village, 30.5.1996, 21 ‡‡, 11 ††. Eurytoma ochraceipes Kalina, 1970 Material: Ruen Hut, 30.7.1978, 1 ‡, A. Donev leg. Eurytoma pareuphorbiae Zerova, 1994 Eurytoma pareuphorbiae: STOJANOVA (2000): Shiroka Polyana Dam, Stoykite Village, Smolyanski Ezera Hut, Ravnogor Village. Eurytoma phleidis Erdös, 1969 Material: Asenovgrad, 30.4.1996, 1 ‡; Akademika Hut, 16.5.1997, 7 ‡‡; Galabovo Village, 14.6.1998, 3 ‡‡; Golyam Perelik Summit, 19.7.2001, 1 ‡. Eurytoma pistacina Rondani, 1877 Material: Hrabrino Village, 1.7.1997, 6 ‡‡. Eurytoma pollux Claridge, 1959 STOJANOVA (2001): Akademika Hut, Gorni Voden Village. Eurytoma querceticola Zerova, 1995 Material: Topolovo Village, 7.3.2000, 3 ‡‡ (emerged from Andricus tomentosus (Cynipidae) galls on Quercus sp.); 7.3.2000, 3 ‡‡ (emerged from Cynipidae galls on Quercus sp.).
Eurytomidae
555
Eurytoma robusta Mayr, 1878 STOJANOVA (2000): Skobelevo Village, Yavorovo Village, Satovcha Village, Hrabrino Village. Material: Zdravets Hut, 26.6.1996, 1 ‡; Zagrazhden Village, 5.7.1996, 1 ‡; Yundola Village, 21.7.1996, 1 ‡; Akademika Hut, 17.5.1997, 1 ‡; Peshtera, 9.7.1997, 1 †; Asenova Krepost Locality, S of Asenovgrad, 13.2.2000, 1 ‡, 1 † (flew off flower heads of Centaurea sp. (Asteraceae)); Chernatitsa Hut, 5.7.2000, 2 ‡‡; Batak, 27.7.2000, 1 ‡, 2 †† (flew off flower heads of Centaurea sp. (Asteraceae)); Gela Village, 20.7.2001, 2 ‡‡, 1 †; Novakovo Village, 5.9.2001, 1 ‡; Hrabrino Village, 24.2.2002, 1 ‡, 4 †† (emerged from flower heads of Centaurea sp. (Asteraceae)). Eurytoma rosae Nees, 1834 Material: Hrabrino Village, 28.4.1996, 2 ‡‡, 1 † (emerged from Cynipidae galls on Rosa sp.); 16.4.1999, 4 ‡‡ (emerged from Cynipidae galls on Rosa sp.); 6.2.2000, 3 ‡‡ (emerged from Cynipidae galls on Rosa sp.); Bachkovski Monastery, 11.5.1996, 1 † (emerged from Cynipidae gall on Rosa sp.); Kuklen Village, 16.6.1997, 1 ‡; Boykovo Village, 6.2.2000, 1 ‡ (emerged from Cynipidae galls on Rosa sp.); Asenova Krepost Locality, S of Asenovgrad, 13.2.2000, 5 ‡‡, 6 †† (emerged from Cynipidae galls on Rosa sp.); Ruen Hut, 21.1.2001, 2 ‡‡ (emerged from Cynipidae galls on Rosa sp.). Eurytoma salsa Zerova, 1995 STOJANOVA (2000): Zagrazhden Village. Eurytoma scalaris Graham, 1984 STOJANOVA (2001): Zagrazhden Village, Dryanka Village, Krichim, Asenovgrad, Planinsko Village, Martsiganitsa Hut, Gorni Voden Village. Eurytoma serratulae (Fabricius, 1798) STOJANOVA (2000): Sveti Kirik Monastery, Gorni Voden Village. Material: Planinsko Village, 4.7.1997, 1 ‡. Eurytoma squamea Walker, 1834 STOJANOVA (2000): Planinsko Village, Oreshets Village, Hrabrino Village, Zagrazhden Village, Pamporovo Resort, Martsiganitsa Hut. Material: Zagrazhden Village, 5.7.1997, 1 ‡; Chernatitsa Hut, 5.7.2000, 1 ‡. Eurytoma stenostigma Thomson, 1875 Eurytoma stenostigma: STOJANOVA (1999): Martsiganitsa Hut. *Eurytoma stepposa Zerova, 1980 Material: Svoboda Hut, 4.7.1998, 1 ‡; Studenets Hut, 18.7.2001, 1 ‡; Golyam Perelik Summit, 19.7.2001, 4 ‡‡.
556
A. STOJANOVA
Eurytoma strigifrons Thomson, 1875 STOJANOVA (1997): Zagrazhden Village. Material: Zagrazhden Village, 6.7.1995, 1 ‡; Zdravets Hut, 26.6.1996, 1 ‡; Dryanka Village, 5.7.1996, 1 ‡; Persenk Hut, 13.8.1996, 1 ‡; Hrabrino Village, 15.8.1996, 3 ‡‡, 2 ††; Bryanovshtitsa Hut, 14.10.1996, 1 ‡ (emerged from flower heads of Centaurea sp.); 12.6.1998, 1 †; Akademika Hut, 16.5.1997, 1 ‡; Planinsko Village, 4.7.1997, 1 ‡; Krichim, 13.5.1998, 1 ‡; Hvoyna Village, 18.7.1998, 1 ‡; Ruen Hut, 30.7.1998, 1 ‡; Asenovgrad, 31.10.1999, 17 ‡‡, 12 †† (emerged from seeds of Cuscuta monogyma); Chernatitsa Hut, 5.7.2000, 4 ‡‡; Batak, 27.7.2000, 2 ††; Trigrad Village, 29.7.2000, 1 ‡; Ruen Village, 21.1.2001, 1 ‡, 1 † (emerged from flower heads of Centaurea sp.). Eurytoma truncata Boheman, 1836 STOJANOVA (1997): Zagrazhden Village. Eurytoma tumida Walker, 1844 Eurytoma grahami: STOJANOVA (1999): Studenets Hut. Material: Akademika Hut, 16.5.1997, 1 ‡; Planinsko Village, 4.7.1997, 8 ‡‡; Studenets Hut, 2.7.1998, 17 ‡‡; 18.7.2001, 2 ‡‡; Smolyanski Ezera Hut, 2.7.1998, 2 ‡‡; 21.7.1999, 9 ‡‡; Svoboda Hut, 4.7.1998, 2 ‡‡; Sveti Kirik Monastery, W of Asenovgrad, 3.6.1999, 1 ‡; Zdravets Hut, 4.7.1999, 1 ‡; Pamporovo Resort, 21.7.1999, 1 ‡; Golyam Perelik Summit, 21.7.1999, 7 ‡‡; 19.7.2001, 28 ‡‡, 1 †; Satovcha Village, 23.7.1999, 1 ‡; Persenk Hut, 25.6.2000, 19 ‡‡, 3 ††; Yagodina Village, 29.7.2000, 1 †; Snezhanka Summit, 18.7.2001, 9 ‡‡, 4 ††; Perelik Hut, 19.7.2001, 14 ‡‡, 4 ††; Malak Perelik Summit, 19.7.2001, 1 ‡; Lednitsata Hut, 19.7.2001, 9 ‡‡, 1 †; 20.7.2001, 13 ‡‡, 3 ††. Eurytoma verbasci Erdös, 1969 Bruchophagus verbasci: STOJANOVA (1997): Yundola Village. Bruchophagus astragali Fedoseeva, 1954 STOJANOVA (2001): Orehovo Village, Sarnitsa Village, Martsiganitsa Hut, Gorni Voden Village, Hrabrino Village, Grashevo Village, Shiroka Polyana Dam, Zagrazhden Village, Beglika Hut, Pashaliytsa Hut. Material: Hrabrino Village, 30.5.1996, 1 ‡; Zagrazhden Village, 2.7.1996, 1 ‡; 9.7.1996, 3 ‡‡; Batak, 27.7.1996, 4 ‡‡; Orehovo Village, 13.8.1996, 8 ‡‡; Persenk Hut, 13.8.1996, 5 ‡‡; Pavelsko Village, 25.6.1998, 1 ‡; Svoboda Hut, 4.7.1998, 1 ‡; Snezhanka Summit, 21.7.1999, 1 ‡; Pamporovo Resort, 21.7.1999, 2 ‡‡; 30.7.2000, 1 ‡; Trigrad Village, 29.7.2000, 1 ‡, 2 ††; Pashaliytsa Hut, 7.6.2001, 1 ‡; Lednitsata Hut, 19.7.2001, 2 ‡‡; Gela Village, 20.7.2001, 4 ‡‡. Bruchophagus coluteae Bouček, 1954 STOJANOVA (1999): Asenovgrad. Material: Chervenata Stena Reserve, 16.10.1999, 3 †† (emerged from seeds of Colutea arburescens (Fabaceae)); Asenovgrad, 31.10.1999, 35 ‡‡, 24 †† (emerged from seeds of Colutea arburescens); Asenova Krepost Locality, S of Asenovgrad, 13.6.2000, 30 ‡‡, 15 †† (emerged from seeds of Colutea arburescens).
Eurytomidae
557
Bruchophagus gibbus (Boheman, 1836) Material: Krichim, 13.5.1996, 2 ‡‡; Ruen Hut, 25.5.1996, 1 ‡; Zagrazhden Village, 8.7.1996, 1‡; Satovcha Village, 23.7.1999, 4 ‡‡; Martsiganitsa Hut, 16.10.1999, 1 ‡ (emerged from Trifolium sp. (Fabaceae) seed); 8.7.2000, 1 ‡; Hrabrino Village, 21.5.2000, 1 ‡; Beglika Hut, 28.7.2000, 1 ‡. Bruchophagus hippocrepidis Zerova, 1969 STOJANOVA (2001): Martsiganitsa Hut. Material: Orehovo Village, 13.8.1996, 1 ‡. Bruchophagus mutabilis Nikolskaja, 1952 STOJANOVA (1999): Novakovo Village, Hrabrino Village. Material: Smolyanski Ezera Hut, 30.7.1993, 1 ‡; 30.7.1998, 1 ‡; Zagrazgden Village, 2.7.1996, 1 ‡; Martsiganitsa Hut, 8.7.1999, 2 ‡‡; Shiroka Polyana Dam, 28.7.2000, 1 ‡; Beglika Hut, 28.7.2000, 4 ‡‡. Bruchophagus platypterus (Walker, 1834) Material: Hrabrino, 16.6.1996, 1 ‡; 21.5.2000, 1 ‡; Zdravets Hut, 26.6.1996, 5 ‡‡; 3.8.2001, 2 ‡‡; Zagrazhden Village, 8.7.1996, 2 ‡‡; Orehovo Village, 13.8.1996, 1 ‡; 25.6.2000, 1 ‡; Persenk Hut, 13.8.1996, 2 ‡‡; 25.6.2000, 1 ‡; Pashaliytsa Hut, 4.6.1997, 1 ‡; Kuklen Village, 16.6.1997, 1 ‡; 30.5.1999, 2 ‡‡; Ruen Hut, 30.7.1998, 1 ‡; Gorni Voden Village, 3.6.1999, 4 ‡‡; Martsiganitsa Hut, 8.7.1999, 9 ‡‡; Pamporovo Resort, 21.7.1999, 2 ‡‡; Snezhanka Summit, 21.7.1999, 2 ‡‡; Smolyanski Ezera, 21.7.1999, 6 ‡‡; 30.7.1999, 4 ‡‡; Asenova Krepost Locality, S of Asenovgrad, 13.6.2000, 1 ‡, 1 †; Batak, 27.7.2000, 1 ‡; Chehlyovo Forster Lodge, S of Velingrad, 27.7.2000, 1 ‡; Sarnitsa Village, 28.7.2000, 1 ‡; Skalni Mostove Hut, 20.8.2000, 2 ‡‡; Lednitsata Hut, 19.7.2001, 2 ‡‡. Bruchophagus robiniae Zerova, 1970 Material: Asenovgrad, 14.4.1999, 14 ‡‡, 4 ††; 1.11.1999, 25 ‡‡, 13 ††; Bachkovski Monastery, S of Asenovgrad, 16.10.1999, 15 ‡‡, 6 ††; Boykovo Village, 6.2.2000, 8 ‡‡; Asenova Krepost Locality, S of Asenovgrad, 13.2.2000, 1 ‡; Topolovo Village, 7.3.2000, 1 ‡; Hrabrino Village, 27.4.2000, 10 ‡‡, 12 ††; Ruen Hut, 21.1.2001, 3 ‡‡, 2 ††. All specimens emerged from seeds of Robinia pseudoacacia (Fabaceae). Bruchophagus roddi Gussakovsky, 1933 Material: Martsiganitsa Hut, 8.7.1999, 2 ‡‡. Bruchophagus scaposus (Szelenyi, 1974) Material: Topolovo Village, 23.6.1998, 1 ‡. Bruchophagus sophorae Crosby et Crosby, 1929 OVCHAROV & PELOV (1993): Markovo Village. Material: Markovo Village, 10.2.1997, 5 ‡‡, 3 †† (emerged from seeds of Sophora japonica (Fabaceae)).
558
A. STOJANOVA Bruchophagus tauricus Zerova, 1975 STOJANOVA (1997): Zagrazhden Village, Hrabrino Village.
Systole albipennis Walker, 1832 STOJANOVA (1999): Snezhanka Hut. Material: Gorni Voden Village, 3.6.1999, 1 ‡; Asenova Krepost Locality, S of Asenovgrad, 31.10.1999, 1 ‡ (emerged from seed of Apiaceae plant); Velingrad, 27.7.2000, 1 ‡, 1 †. Systole besaparica Stojanova, 2002 STOJANOVA (2002): Zagrazhden Village, Byala Cherkva Hut, Planinsko Village. Material: Zagrazhden Village, 10.7.1993, 2 ‡‡, P. Boyadzhiev leg.; 8.7.1994, 1 ‡, P. Boyadzhiev leg.; 6.7.1995, 1 ‡, P. Boyadzhiev leg.; 4.7.1996, 3 ‡‡; 5.7.1996, 2 ‡‡. Systole bipunctata Erdös, 1952 STOJANOVA (1999): Planinsko Village, Prespa Hut. Material: Chernatitsa Hut, 5.7.2000, 1 †; Lednitsata Hut, 19.7.2001, 2 ‡‡. Systole conspicua Erdös, 1951 STOJANOVA (1997): Belitsa Village, Zagrazhden Village. Material: Zagrazhden Village, 2.7.1996, 1 ‡; 10.7.1998, 1 ‡; Dryanka Village, 5.7.1996, 1 ‡; Yundola Village, 21.7.1996, 1 ‡; Pashaliytsa Hut, 4.6.1997, 1 ‡; Stoykite Village, 4.8.1998, 1 ‡; Lednitsata Hut, 20.7.2001, 1 ‡. Systole coriandri Gussakovsky, 1933 Material: Hrabrino Village, 30.5.1996, 1 ‡; 1.7.1996, 1 ‡; Byala Cherkva Hut, 26.6.1996, 2 ‡‡; Zagrazhden Village, 2.7.1996, 2 ‡‡; 4.7.1996, 7 ‡‡; 6.7.1997, 1 ‡; 10.7.1998, 2 ‡‡. Systole cuspidata Zerova, 1970 Material: Belichki Vrah Summit, 17.8.1996, 4 ‡‡, 2 ††; Manastir Village, 10.8.1997, 1 ‡. Systole marinazerovae Stojanova, 2002 STOJANOVA (2002): Lednitsata Hut, Studenets Hut, Snezhanka Summit, Perelik Hut, Golyam Perelik Summit, Gela Village. Material: Zagrazhden Village, 10.7.1993, 1 ‡, P. Boyadzhiev leg.; Zdravets Hut, 26.6.1996, 1 ‡; Studenets Hut, 18.7.2001, 1 ‡; Malak Perelik Summit, 19.7.2001, 1 ‡; Lednitsata Hut, 20.7.2001, 1 ‡. Systole nikolskayae Zerova, 1968 STOJANOVA (1997): Belitsa Village. Nikanoria lindemani Zerova, 1982 STOJANOVA (2001): Galabovo Village.
Eurytomidae
559
Nikanoria szelenyii Zerova, 1974 STOJANOVA (2001): Asenovgrad. Sycophila biguttata (Swederus, 1795) Material: Persenk Hut, 20.6.1998, 1 ‡; Hrabrino Village, 22.2.1999, 1 ‡ (emerged from Andricus caputmedusae (Cynipidae) gall on Quercus sp.); 16.4.1999, 1 ‡ (emerged from Andricus caputmedusae gall on Quercus sp.); 6.2.2000, 2 ‡‡ (emerged from Andricus conglomeratus (Cynipidae) galls on Quercus sp.); 17.4.2000, 155 ‡‡, 2 †† (emerged from Biorhiza pallida (Cynipidae) galls on Quercus sp.); Topolovo Village, 25.4.1999, 1 ‡ (emerged from Andricus caputmedusae gall on Quercus sp.); 7.3.2000, 9 ‡‡, 1 † (emerged from Cynipidae galls on Quercus sp.); Boykovo Village, 6.2.2000, 2 ‡ ‡ (emerged from Andricus conglomeratus galls on Quercus sp.). Sycophila submutica (Thomson, 1875) Eudecatoma submutica: STOJANOVA (1999): Zagrazhden Village, Pavelsko Village, Hrabrino Village. Material: Martsiganitsa Hut, 16.10.1999, 1 ‡ (emerged from flower head of Centaurea sp.); Asenova Krepost Locality, S of Asenovgrad, 13.2.2000, 1 ‡ (emerged from flower head of Centaurea sp. (Asteraceae)); Hrabrino Village, 21.5.2000, 1 ‡; Chernatitsa Hut, 5.7.2000, 1 ‡; Dospat, 28.7.2000, 1 †. As a result of the faunistic study carried out in the Western Rhodopes, a total of 96 species has been established. The species relate to the genera Archirileya - 1, Tetramesa - 11, Eurytoma - 32, Bruchophagus - 3, Systole - 4 and Sycophila - 2. Forty one species are newly recorded for the fauna of the region. Seven species of them (Eurytoma adenophorae, Eurytoma aquatica, Eurytoma collina, Eurytoma festucae, Eurytoma stepposa, Tetramesa longicornis and Tetramesa robusta) are recorded for the first time to the fauna of Bulgaria.
Acknowledgements I would like to thank my colleagues DSc P. Angelov, Dr. A. Donev, Dr. St. Petrov and Dr. P. Boyadzhiev for their assistance in collecting the material.
References IVANOV S. 1957. Almond seedeater (Eurytoma amygdali) and its control. – Bull. Plant Prot., 1: 64 – 67. (In Bulgarian). IVANOV S. 1960. Eurytoma amygdali End. and its control in Bulgaria. – Plant Prot., 8(5): 41-61. (In Bulgarian). OVCHAROV D., PELOV V. 1993. A new pest of the seeds of Sophora japonica L. in Bulgaria. In: G. Tsankov (Ed.), Second National Scientific Conference of Entomology, Sofia, 25-27.10.1993, Union of the Scientists in Bulgaria, Bulgarian society of Entomology, 209-212. (In Bulgarian). STOJANOVA A. 1997. Data about some species of Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) newly established in the fauna of Bulgaria. - Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Animalia, 33(6): 27-30 (In Bulgarian, English summary). STOJANOVA A. 1999. Species of family Eurytomidae newly established in Bulgaria (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Animalia, 35(6): 59-61.
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STOJANOVA A. 2000. Species of genus Eurytoma Illiger, 1807, newly established in Bulgaria (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). – Acta zool. bulgarica, 52(2): 31-35. STOJANOVA A. 2001. Contribution to the study of Eurytomidae family from Bulgaria (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). - Acta ent. bulgarica, 7(1,2): 7-10. STOJANOVA A. 2002. Two new species of Systole Walker (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) from Bulgaria.- Revue suisse de Zoologie, 109(3): 511-518.
Author’s address: Anelia Stojanova PhD Department of Biology University of Plovdiv 24, Tsar Assen Str. 4000 Plovdiv e-mail:
[email protected]
Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) от Западните Родопи (България) Анелия СТОЯНОВА (Р е з ю м е) В настоящата работа са обобщени всички публикувани данни върху видовете от семейство Eurytomidae от Западните Родопи и са представени оригинални резултати. Фаунистичният списък съдържа 96 вида от 6 рода. От тях 41 вида са нови за изследвания район, а видовете Eurytoma adenophorae, Eurytoma aquatica, Eurytoma collina, Eurytoma festucae, Eurytoma stepposa, Tetramesa longicornis и Tetramesa robusta се установявят за първи път за фауната на България.
Eulophidae
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Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
PETER BOYADZHIEV
Boyadzhiev P. 2006. Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of the Western Rhodopes, Bulgaria. - In: Beron P. (ed) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 561-579. Abstract. This paper gives complete summarized information about all the species of Eulophidae, known in the fauna of the Western Rhodopes until 2005.. It provides faunistic data about 30 species of Eulophidae, new to the fauna of the Western Rhodopes, 3 of which are new to the fauna of Bulgaria. Keywords: Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae, faunistic, Western Rhodopes, Bulgaria.
Introduction The total number of species of Eulophidae, known in the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria) by the present investigation, is 133. TSANKOV (1968, 1970, 1972), GEORGIEV (2001), IVANOV & SLAVOV (1975), SLAVOV (1978), PELOV & TOMOV (1998), TOMOV & POPOV (1991) and GEORGIEV & BOYADZHIEV (2004) reported 28 species as parasitoids of various pests. Reviewing the Bulgarian species of the genus Entedon Dalman (Entedoninae), GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003) reported another 23 species belonging to the fauna of the Western Rhodopes. In his faunistic works BOYADZHIEV (1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003 a, b), announced another 82 species as belonging to the region. Material and methods The material was collected in different years by P. Angelov, A. Germanov, A. Donev, S. Petrov, I. Bassamakov, A. Stojanova, P. Boyadzhiev, mainly by sweeping from grass vegetation. Reared material from some insect hosts was also used for the purposes of this study. In the faunistic list the species new to the fauna of Bulgaria are marked with an asterisk. The material is preserved in the collection of the Department of Zoology, the University of Plovdiv.
562
P. BOYADZHIEV Faunistic results Eulophinae Aulogymnus skianeuros (Ratzeburg, 1844) BOYADZHIEV (2001): Topolovo Village. Aulogymnus trilineatus (Mayr, 1877) BOYADZHIEV (2001): Topolovo Village.
Cirrospilus elegantissimus Westwood, 1832 IVANOV & SLAVOV (1975): Parvenets Village, Brestnik Village; SLAVOV (1978): Parvenets Village. Cirrospilus singa Walker, 1838 BOYADZHIEV (2003, b): Planinsko Village, Chernatitsa Hut, Lednitsata Hut. Cirrospilus staryi Bouèek, 1958 PELOV & TOMOV (1998): Velingrad. Material: Chernatitsa Hut, 1300 m, 05.07.2000, 1 ‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev). Cirrospilus variegatus (Masi, 1907) IVANOV & SLAVOV (1975): Parvenets Village, Brestnik Village; SLAVOV (1978): Parvenets Village Cirrospilus viticola (Rondani, 1877) Material: Blatska Village, 500 m, 07.05.1983, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Donev). Closterocerus ruforum (Krause, 1919) GEORGIEV & BOYADZHIEV (2004): Ognyanovo Village. Closterocerus trifasciatus Westwood, 1833 IVANOV & SLAVOV (1975): Parvenets Village, Brestnik Village; SLAVOV (1978): Parvenets Village. Colpoclypeus f lorus (Walker, 1839) BOYADZHIEV (2001): Ruen Hut. Dahlbominus fuscipennis (Zetterstedt, 1838) GEORGIEV & BOYADZHIEV (2004): Ognyanovo Village. Dermatopelte budensis Erdös & Novicky, 1951 BOYADZHIEV (2000): Asenovgrad.
Eulophidae
563
Diaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös,1951) Material: Hrabrino Village, 400 m, 16.06.1996, 1 †; Dospat, 1200 m, 28.07.2000, 2 ††; Novo Selo Village, 200 m: 17.06.2000, 1 ‡; 01.07.2000, 2 ‡‡, 1 ‡; 27.05.2001; Asenovgrad (Asenova Krepost), 300 m, 13.06.2000, 1 ‡; (leg. P. Boyadzhiev); Orehovo Village, 900 m, 13.08.1996, 1 †; Chehlyovo Village, 1450 m, 27.06.2000, 1 ‡; Stoikite Village, 1400 m, 29.07.2000, 1 †, 1 ‡; Golyam Perelik Summit, 2191 m, 21.08.2000, 1 ‡; Momchil Yunak Hut, 1750 m, 22.08.2000, 1 †; Krichim, 350 m, 350 m, 22.06.1997, 1 †; Lednitsata Hut, 1600 m, 19.07.2001, 3 ‡‡ (leg. A. Stojanova). Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös, 1958 Material: Grashevo Village, 1100 m, 27.07.2000, 1 † (leg. A. Stojanova). Diglyphus isaea (Walker, 1838) BOYADZHIEV (1997): Martsiganitsa Hut, Hrabrino Village, Byala Cherkva Hut. Material: Cherna Mesta Village, 1100 m, 29.05.1993, 1 † (leg. A. Donev); Trigrad Village, 1200 m, 27.05.1997, 2 ‡‡; Chernatitsa Hut, 1300 m, 18.05.2001, 2 ††, 9 ‡‡; Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 03.08.2001, 2 ‡‡; Novakovo Village, 400 m, 05.09.2001, 1 ‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev); Grashevo Village, 1100 m, 27.07.2000, 3 ‡‡; Sarnitsa Village, 1220 m, 28.07.2000, 1 ‡; Golyam Perelik Summit, 2191 m, 21.08.2000, 1 †; Lednitsata Hut, 19.07.2001, 1 †, 7 ‡‡; Pashaliytsa Hut, 1610 m, 25.06.1998, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Stojanova). Diglyphus minoeus (Walker, 1838) Material: Chernatitsa Hut, 1300 m, 21.06.1995, 1 ‡; Pashaliytsa Hut, 1610 m, 25.06.1998, 1 ‡; Manastir Village, 1500 m, 22.09.2000, 1 ‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev); Grashevo Village, 1100 m, 27.07.2000, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Stojanova). Elachertus lateralis (Spinola, 1808) Material: Zdravets Hut, 1200 m: 03.06.1982, 1 ‡ (leg. S. Petrov), 11.06.2001, 1 ‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev); Atoluka (near Ravnogor Village), 1450 m, 08.06.1985, 1 ‡ (leg. S. Petrov); Planinsko Village, 1200 m, 04.07.1997, 1 ‡; Chernatitsa Hut, 1300 m: 05.07.2000, 1 †, 5 ‡‡; 18.05.2001, 1 †; 18.06.2001, 1 ‡; Asenovgrad, 300 m, 03.07.1999, 1 ‡; Novo Selo Village, 200 m, 24.05.2000, 1 †; Jagodina Village, 1000 m, 29.07.2000, 1 ‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev). Elachertus pilosiscuta Bouèek, 1971 BOYADZHIEV (2000): Izgrev Hut, Lednitsata Hut, Atoluka (near Ravnogor Village), Malka Syutkya Summit. Eulophus thespius Walker, 1839 BOYADZHIEV (1997): Chepelarka Summit. Material: Asenovgrad (Dolni Voden Village), 300 m, 23.07.1985, 1 ‡; Manastir Village, 1500 m, 10.08.1985, 1 ‡; Akvatepe Summit, 1575 m, 17.08.1985, 2 ‡‡ (leg. S. Petrov).
564
P. BOYADZHIEV
Euplectrus f lavipes (Fonscolombe, 1832) Material: Gornoslav Village, 300 m, 23.06.1968, 1 † (leg. P. Angelov); Bezovo Hut, 1000 m, 02.08.1968, 1 ‡; Asenovgrad, 300 m, 21.07.1969, 1 †; Chervenata Skala Reserve, 800 m, 22.07.1969, 2 †† (leg. A. Germanov); Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 03.06.1982, 1 ‡ (leg. S. Petrov); Ruen Hut, 1150 m, 25.05.1983, 1 †; Akvatepe Summit, 1575 m, 17.08.1985, 1 † (leg. A. Donev); Zagrazhden Village, 1000 m, 08.07.1993, 1 † (leg. P. Boyadzhiev). Euplectrus liparidis Ferrière, 1941 Material: Dedovo Village, 1050 m, 29.07.1967, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Germanov); Akvatepe Summit, 1575 m, 17.08.1985, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Donev); Zdravets Hut, 1200 m: 05.07.2000, 2 ††, 1 ‡, 11.06.2001, 3 ††, 9 ‡‡, 03.08.2001, 4 ‡‡, 2 ††; Chernatitsa Hut, 1300 m, 18.06.2001, 1 † (leg. P. Boyadzhiev). Hemiptarsenus ornatus (Nees, 1834) BOYADZHIEV (2000): Krichim, Asenovgrad. Material: Persenk Summit, 2074 m, 15.06.1985, 1 ‡ (leg. S. Petrov); Chernatitsa Hut, 1300 m, 05.07.2000, 1 ‡; Ognyanovo Village, 300 m, 02.05.1998, 1 † (leg. P. Boyadzhiev). Hemiptarsenus unguicellus (Zetterstedt, 1838) BOYADZHIEV (1997): Cherna Mesta Village, Zagrazhden Village, Belashtitsa Village, Martsiganitsa Hut, Hrabrino Village, Byala Cherkva Hut. Material: Parvenets Village, 300 m, 22.09.1968, 1 ‡; Chervenata Stena Rezerve, 800 m, 22.07.1969, 1 † (leg. A. Germanov); Satovcha (Dadrash), 1000 m, 23.07.1969, 1 ‡ (leg. P. Angelov); Chehlyovo Village, Forestry 1450 m, 27.07.2000, 1 ‡; Stoikite Village, 1400 m, 28.07.2000, 1 ‡; Shiroka Polyana Dam, 1450 m, 28.07.2000, 2 ‡‡; Lednitsata Hut, 1600 m, 18.06.2001, 1 ‡; Krichim, 350 m, 23.06.1997, 1 ‡; Planinsko Village, 1200 m, 04.07.1997, 2 ††; Perelik Hut, 1960 m, 21.08.2000, 1 †; Kormisosh Reserve, 1300 m, 11.06.1991, 3 ‡‡ (leg. A. Stojanova); Chernatitsa Hut (Komsomolska Hut), 1300 m: 06.06.1982, 2 ‡‡, 05.07.2000, 1 †; Asenovgrad (Dolni Voden Village), 300 m, 27.07.1985, 3 ‡‡; Atoluka (near Ravnogor Village), 1450 m, 08.06.1985, 1 ‡; Manastir Village, 1500 m, 10.08.1985, 3 ††, 2 ‡‡; Akvatepe Summit, 1575 m, 17.08.1985, 4 ‡‡; Izgrev Hut, 1820 m: 11.06.1985, 1 †; 14.06.1985, 3 ‡‡; Bryanovshtitsa Hut, 1000 m, 12.06.1982, 1 †; Rozhen Passage, 1450 m, 27.07.1985, 1 † (leg. S. Petrov); Solishteto Summit, 1800 m, 08.07.1996, 1 †; Trigrad Village, 1200 m, 27.05.1997, 1 ‡; Smolyanski Ezera Hut, 1526 m, 30.07.1993, 2 ††, 6 ‡‡; Novakovo Village, 400 m, 05.9.2001, 1 †; Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 03.08.2001, 1 †; Momchil Junak Hut, 1750 m, 22.08.2000, 2 ††; Pamporovo, 1800 m, 21.07.1999, 1 †, 1 ‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev). * Hemiptarsenus waterhousii Westwood, 1833 Material: Novo Selo Village, 200 m, Moericke trap, 15.-21.05.2003, 1 †, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Stojanova).
Eulophidae
565
Hyssopus geniculatus (Hartig, 1838) Elachertus geniculatus: BOYADZHIEV (1999): Persenk Hut. Material: Sarnitsa Village, 1220 m, 28.07.2000, 12 ‡‡ (leg. A. Stojanova). Hyssopus nigritulus (Zetterstedt, 1838) Elachertus nigritulus: BOYADZHIEV (1997): Hrabrino Village. Material: Krichim, 350 m, 10.05.1982, 1 ‡ (leg. S. Petrov); Batak, 1036 m, 27.07.1993, 1 ‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev). Hyssopus olivaceus (Thomson, 1878) Material: Hrabrino Village, 400 m: 05.06.1978, 1 † (leg. I. Bassamakov), 23.05.1994, 1 † (leg P. Boyadzhiev), 16.05.1997, 1 † (leg. A. Stojanova). Hyssopus pallidus (Askew, 1964) Material: Stoikite Village, 1400 m, 29.07.2000, 1 †, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Stojanova). Microlycus biroi Erdös, 1951 BOYADZHIEV (1997); Asenovgrad, Hrabrino Village. Material: Topolovo Village, 450 m, 22.04.1983, 1 † (leg. A. Donev); Orehovo Village, 900 m, 13.08.1996, 1 †; Byaga Village, 300 m., 01.07.2000, 1 †; Novo Selo Village, 200 m, 17.05.2001, 2 †† (leg. A. Stojanova); Ognyanovo Village, 300 m, 07.06.2000, 1 †; Zagrazhden Village, 1000 m, 04.07.1998, 1 ‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev). Microlycus erdoesi Bouèek, 1958 BOYADZHIEV (2000): Velingrad, Zagrazhden Village. Material: Golyam Perelik Summit, 2191 m, 21.08.2000, 1 † (leg. A. Stojanova). Microlycus gyorfii (Bouèek, 1954) Material: Novo Selo Village, 200 m, 01.07.2000, 3 ††; Glavinitsa Village, 350 m, 01.07.2000, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Stojanova); Ognyanovo Village, 300 m, 02.05.1998, 1 † (leg. P. Boyadzhiev). Microlycus virens Erdös, 1951 Material: Novo Selo Village, 200 m, Moericke trap, 27.05.2001, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Stojanova). Miotropis unipuncta (Nees, 1834) BOYADZHIEV (2000): Akademika Hut, Chernatitsa Hut. Material: Sarnitsa Village, 1220 m, 20.07.2000, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Stojanova). Necremnus folia (Walker, 1839) BOYADZHIEV (1997): Asenovgrad, Belashtitsa Village, Martsiganitsa Hut. Necremnus tidius (Walker, 1839) BOYADZHIEV (1997): Asenovgrad, Kormisosh Reserve, Zdravets Hut, Hrabrino Village.
566
P. BOYADZHIEV Platyplectrus bouceki (Erdös, 1966) BOYADZHIEV (2000): Hrabrino Village. Platyplectrus chlorocephalus (Nees, 1834) Platyplectrus chlorocephalus: BOYADZHIEV (2001): Novo Selo Village.
Pnigalio agraules (Walker, 1839) Pnigalio mediterraneus F. & D.: IVANOV & SLAVOV (1975): Parvenets Village, Brestnik Village; F. & D.: SLAVOV (1978): Parvenets Village. Pnigalio pectinicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) IVANOV & SLAVOV (1975): Parvenets Village, Brestnik Village; SLAVOV (1978): Parvenets Village. Ratzeburgiola cristata (Ratzeburg, 1848) Material: Parvenets Village, 300 m, 22.09.1968, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Germanov); Persenk Hut, 1750 m, 13.08.1996, 1 †; Krichim, 350 m, 23.06.1997, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Stojanova). Ratzeburgiola incompleta Bouèek, 1971 BOYADZHIEV (2000): Krichim, Zdravets Hut, Bryanovshtitsa Hut, Hrabrino Village. Rhicnopelte crassicornis (Nees, 1834) BOYADZHIEV (2001): Asenovgrad. Material: Byaga Village, 300 m., 01.07.2000, 1 † (leg. A. Stojanova). Stenomesius rufescens (Retzius, 1783) BOYADZHIEV (2000): Lednitsata Hut, Rozhen Passage. Material: Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 11.06.2001, 1 † (leg. P. Boyadzhiev). *Sympiesis crinita Storozheva, 1981 Material: Novo Selo Village, 200 m: 24.05.2000, 1 ‡, 27.05.2001, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Stojanova). Sympiesis euspilapterygis (Erdös, 1958) Material: Novakovo Village, 400 m, 05.09.2001, 1 ‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev). Sympiesis flavopicta Bouèek, 1958 BOYADZHIEV (2001): Parvenets Village, Topolovo Village, Zdravets Hut. Material: Hrabrino Village, 400 m, 16.06.1996, 1 † (leg. P. Boyadzhiev); Ognyanovo Village, 300 m, 07.04.2000, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Stojanova); Blatska Village, 500 m, 07.05.1983, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Donev). Sympiesis gordius (Walker, 1839) VANOV & SLAVOV (1975): Parvenets Village, Brestnik Village; SLAVOV (1978): Parvenets Village.
Eulophidae
567
Sympiesis gregori Bouèek, 1958 BOYADZHIEV (2000): Velingrad, Ruen Hut. Material: Bryanovshtitsa Hut, 18.05.1997, 1 ‡ (leg. P. Bojadzhiev); Stoikite Village, 1400 m, 29.07.2000, 1 ‡; Zagrazhden Village, 1000 m: 04.07.1996, 1 ‡, 02.07.2000, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Stojanova). Sympiesis notata (Zetterstedt, 1838) ??Sympiesis sandanis Walker: SLAVOV (1978): Parvenets Village. Sympiesis sericeicornis (Nees, 1834) IVANOV & SLAVOV (1975): Brestnik Village, Parvenets Village; SLAVOV (1978): Parvenets Village; PELOV, TOMOV, (1998): Velingrad. Material: Velingrad, 850 m, 06.06.1983, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Donev); Chernatitsa Hut, 1300 m, 18.06.2001, 1 ‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev). Sympiesis viridula (Thomson, 1878) Material: Zagrazhden Village, 1000 m, 02.07.2000, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Stojanova). Xanthellum transsylvanicum Erdös, 1951 BOYADZHIEV (2000): Hrabrino Village. Entedoninae Achrysocharoides latreillii (Curtis, 1826) PELOV, TOMOV (1998): Velingrad. Ceranisus menes (Walker, 1839) BOYADZHIEV (1997): Asenovgrad. Chrysocharis amyite (Walker, 1839) BOYADZHIEV (2000): Topolovo Village, Byala Cherkva Hut. Chrysocharis assis (Walker, 1839) IVANOV & SLAVOV (1975): Brestnik Village, Parvenets Village; SLAVOV (1978): Parvenets Village. Material: Chernatitsa Hut, 1300 m, 05.07.2000, 1 ‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev). Chrysocharis entedonoides (Walker, 1872) Chrysocharis albicans Delucchi: BOYADZHIEV (1997): Topolovo Village. Material: Krichim, 350 m, 10.05.1982, 1 ‡; Akademika Hut (Rodopski Partizani Hut), 600 m, 12.06.1982, 1 ‡; Lednitsata Hut, 22.08.1985, 1 †, 4 ‡‡ (leg. S. Petrov). Chrysocharis laomedon (Walker, 1839) IVANOV & SLAVOV (1975): Brestnik Village, Parvenets Village; SLAVOV (1978): Parvenets Village.
568
P. BOYADZHIEV
Material: Akvatepe Summit, 1575 m, 17.08.1985, 1 ‡; Prespa Hut, 1785 m, 28.07.1985, 1 ‡ (leg. S. Petrov); Planinsko Village, 1200 m, 04.07.1997, 1 †; Jagodina Village, 1000 m, 29.07.2000, 1 † (leg. A. Stojanova). Chrysocharis liriomyzae Delucchi, 1954 BOYADZHIEV (2000): Persenk Hut. Material: Hvoyna Village, 750 m, 26.05.1998, 1 ‡; Kastrakli Reserve, 1200 m, 28.05.1998, 1 ‡; Devin, 650 m, 29.05.1998, 1 † (P. Boyadzhiev). Chrysocharis nephereus (Walker, 1839) Material: Chernatitsa Hut, 1300 m, 05.07.2000, 3 ‡‡; Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 11.06.2001, 1 ‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev). Chrysocharis orbicularis (Nees, 1834) BOYADZHIEV (2000): Byala Cherkva Hut. Material: Rozhen Passage, 1450 m, 27.07.1982, 1 †; Velingrad, 850 m, 06.06.1983, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Donev); Akademika Hut (Rodopski Partizani Hut), 600 m, 06.06.1982, 1 ‡; Akvatepe Summit, 1575 m, 22.08.1985, 2 ‡‡ (leg. S. Petrov); Shiroka Laka Village, 1060 m, 27.07.2000, 2 ‡‡ (leg. A. Stojanova). Chrysocharis pallipes (Nees, 1834) BOYADZHIEV (2001): Trigrad Village, Akvatepe Summit, Asenovgrad. Chrysocharis pentheus (Walker, 1839) IVANOV & SLAVOV (1975): Brestnik Village, Parvenets Village; SLAVOV (1978): Parvenets Village. Material: Akvatepe Summit, 1575 m, 17.08.1985, 1 ‡ (leg. S. Petrov). Chrysocharis phryne (Walker, 1839) BOYADZHIEV (2001): Akvatepe Summit, Hrabrino Village. Material: Shiroka Laka Village, 1060 m, 29.07.2000, 1 ‡ (A. Stojanova). Chrysocharis polyzo (Walker, 1839) BOYADZHIEV (2001): Sarnitsa Village, Velingrad, Hrabrino Village, Byala Cherkva Hut, Hvoyna Village. Material: Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 11.06.2001, 1 ‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev). Chrysocharis prodice (Walker, 1839) IVANOV & SLAVOV (1975): Brestnik Village, Parvenets Village; SLAVOV (1978): Parvenets Village. Chrysocharis pubicornis (Zetterstedt,1838) BOYADZHIEV (2001): Akvatepe Summit, Orehovo Village, Planinsko Village, Beglika Hut.
Eulophidae
569
Material: Shiroka Laka Village, 1060 m, 29.07.2000, 1 † (leg. A. Stojanova); Chernatitsa Hut, 1300 m, 18.06.2001, 3 ‡‡; Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 03.08.2001, 1 ‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev). Chrysocharis purpurea Bukovskii, 1938 BOYADZHIEV (2003, b): Prespa Hut, Dolnoslav Village. Chrysocharis submutica Graham, 1963 BOYADZHIEV (2000): Hvoyna Village, Planinsko Village. Chrysocharis viridis (Nees, 1834) Chrysocharis melaenis Walker: BOYADZHIEV (1997): Topolovo Village. Material: Hrabrino Village, 400 m, 13.10.1968, 1 ‡ (leg. P. Angelov); Parvenets Village, 300 m, 22.09.1968, 2 ‡‡ (leg. A. Germanov); Smolyanski Ezera Hut, 1526 m, 07.10.1969, 1 ‡; Akademika Hut (Rodopski Partizani Hut), 600 m, 12.06.1982, 1 ‡; Akvatepe Summit, 1575 m, 17.08.1985, 1 †, 1 ‡ (leg. S. Petrov); Orehovo Village, 900 m, 13.08.1996, 1 ‡; Persenk Hut, 1750 m, 13.08.1996, 1 ‡; Chudnite Mostove Hut, 1400 m, 20.08.2000, 1 †, 1 ‡; Shiroka Laka Village, 1060 m, 29.07.2000, 1 † (leg. A. Stojanova); Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 11.06.2001, 1 †, 2 ‡‡; Chernatitsa Hut, 1300 m: 05.07.2000, 1 ‡, 18.06.2001, 1 ‡; Belashtitsa Village, 300 m, 14.10.1993, 1 ‡; Byala Cherkva Hut, 1500 m, 26.06.1996, 5 ‡‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev). Cirrospilus stary Bouèek, 1959 PELOV & TOMOV (1998): Velingrad. Cirrospilus talitzkii Bouèek, 1961 PELOV & TOMOV (1998): Velingrad. Cirrospilus variegatus (Masi, 1907) IVANOV & SLAVOV (1975): Brestnik Village, Parvenets Village; SLAVOV (1978): Parvenets Village. Closterocerus formosus (Westwood, 1833) Achrysocharella formosa: IVANOV & SLAVOV (1975): Brestnik Village, Parvenets Village; SLAVOV (1978): Parvenets Village. Material: Yagodina Village, 1000 m, 29.07.2000, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Stojanova). Derostenus gemmeus Westwood, 1833 BOYADZHIEV (2001): Novakovo Village. Material: Chernatitsa Hut, 1300 m: 05.07.2000, 1 †, 18.06.2001, 3 ††; Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 03.08.2001, 1 † (leg. P. Boyadzhiev). Entedon abdera Walker, 1839 GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Byaga Village, Yundola Passage, Akademika Hut, Bryanovshtitsa Hut, Novo Selo Village.
570
P. BOYADZHIEV Entedon biroi Erdös, 1944 GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Byala Cherkva Hut. Entedon cionobius Thomson, 1878 GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Chernatitsa Hut. Entedon costalis Dalman, 1820 GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Bryanovshtitsa Hut. Entedon crassiscapus Erdös, 1944 GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Asenovgrad, Hrabrino Village, Planinsko Village.
Entedon cyanellus Dalman, 1820 GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Hrabrino Village, Martsiganitsa Hut, Novo Selo Village, Ognyanovo Village. Entedon diotimus Walker, 1839 GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Zdravets Hut, Devin, Galabovo Village, Pashaliytsa Hut, Blatska Village, Velingrad, Izgrev Hut, Lednitsata Hut, Zagrazhden Village, Smolyanski Ezera Hut, Hrabrino Village, Martsiganitsa Hut, Byala Cherkva Hut, Trigrad Village, Shiroka Laka Village, Stoikite Village, Grashevo Village, Chehlyovo Village Forestry, Chernatitsa Hut, Planinsko Village, Kutela Village, Gela Village. Entedon ductus Szelényi, 1977 GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Novo Selo Village. Entedon fufius Walker, 1846 GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Akademika Hut, Zdravets Hut, Zagrazhden Village, Golyam Perelik Summit, Martsiganitsa Hut, Novo Selo Village. Entedon gracilior Graham, 1971 GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Chernatitsa Hut, Bryanovshtitsa Hut, Izgrev Hut, Cherna Mesta Village, Solishteto Summit, Zagrazhden Village, Hrabrino Village. Entedon hercyna Walker, 1839 GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Martsiganitsa Hut. Entedon leucocnemis Erdös, 1944 GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Chernatitsa Hut. Entedon longus Bouèek, 1968 GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Zagrazhden Village. Entedon marci Askew, 1992 GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Izgrev Hut.
Eulophidae
571
Entedon marginalis Askew, 2001 GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Novo Selo Village. Entedon pallicrus Erdös, 1944 GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Narechenski Bani Village, Hvoyna Village, Hrabrino Village. Entedon parvicalcar Thomson, 1878 GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Hrabrino Village, Byaga Village. Entedon pharnus Walker, 1839 GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Trigrad Village, Mandritsa Village. Entedon philiscus Walker, 1851 GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Hvoyna Village, Hrabrino Village, Dospat, Akademika Hut, Bryanovshtitsa Hut, Zagrazhden Village, Martsiganitsa Hut, Zdravets Hut. Entedon procioni Erdös, 1944 GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Dospat, Akademika Hut, Velingrad, Byala Cherkva Hut, Hrabrino Village. Entedon sparetus Walker, 1839 GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Novo Selo Village, Novakovo Village, Chernatitsa Hut, Bryanovshtitsa Hut, Isperihovo Village, Hrabrino Village, Belashtitsa Village, Krichim, Zdravets Hut, Zagrazhden Village, Bachkovo Village, Gornoslav Village, Martsiganitsa Hut, Hrabrino Village, Byaga Village, Ognyanovo Village, Planinsko Village. Entedon sylvestris Szelényi, 1981 GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Persenk Hut, Byala Cherkva Hut, Trigrad Village, Markovo Village. Entedon tibialis (Nees), 1834 GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Akademika Hut (Rodopski Partizani Hut). Holcopelte lenticeps (Erdös, 1958) BOYADZHIEV (1997): Hvoyna Village. Holcopelte sulciscuta (Thomson, 1878) BOYADZHIEV (2000): Hrabrino Village, Asenovgrad, Persenk Hut. Omphale clymene (Walker, 1839) BOYADZHIEV (1997): Kormisosh Reserve. Omphale clypealis (Thomson, 1878) BOYADZHIEV (2000): Velingrad, Hrabrino Village.
572
P. BOYADZHIEV
Material: Zagrazhden Village, 1000 m, 08.07.1994, 1 ‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev); Isperihovo Village, 200 m, 07.05.2000, 1 ‡; Novo Selo Village, 200 m, 07.05.2000, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Stojanova). Omphale coilus (Walker, 1839) BOYADZHIEV (1997): Solishteto Summit. Omphale salicis (Haliday, 1833) BOYADZHIEV (1997): Martsiganitsa Hut. Material: Chernatitsa Hut, 1300 m, 18.06.2001, 1 ‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev); Pamporovo, 1800 m, 22.07.1999, 1 ‡ (leg. A. stojanova). Omphale theana (Walker, 1839) BOYADZHIEV (1997): Pamporovo. Material: Velingrad, 850 m, 06.06.1983, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Donev); Chernatitsa Hut, 1300 m, 05.07.2000, 1 ‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev); Malak Persenk Summit, 1850 m, 20.07.2000, 3 ‡‡ (leg. A. Stojanova). Pediobius eubius (Walker, 1839) IVANOV & SLAVOV (1975): Parvenets Village, Brestnik Village; SLAVOV (1978): Parvenets Village. Pediobius pyrgo (Walker, 1839) IVANOV & SLAVOV (1975): Parvenets Village, Brestnik Village; SLAVOV (1978): Parvenets Village. Material: Topolovo Village, 07.03.2000, 10 ‡‡, 7 ††, reared from larvae of Euproctis chrysorrhoea (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae) (leg. P. Boyadzhiev). Euderinae Euderus agrili Bouèek, 1963 BOYADZHIEV (2000): Ruen Hut, Chudnite Mostove Hut, Manastir Village, Byala Cherkva Hut, Dryanka Village. Material: Zagrazhden Village, 1000 m: 08.07.1994, 1 ‡, 02.07.2000, 1 ‡; Sarnitsa Village, 1220 m, 28.08.2000, 1 ‡ (leg. A Stojanova); Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 11.06.2001, 1 ‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev). Euderus albitarsis (Zetterstedt, 1838) BOYADZHIEV (2001): Akvatepe Summit, Lednitsata Hut, Zagrazhden Village, Hrabrino Village. Material: Jagodina Village, 1000 m, 29.07.2000, 3 ‡‡; Beglika Hut, 1600 m, 28.07.2000, 1 ‡; Byaga Village, 300 m., 01.07.2000, 1 ‡; Novo Selo Village, 200 m, 24.07.2000, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Stojanova). Euderus brevicornis Bouèek, 1963 BOYADZHIEV (2001): Hvoyna Village, Kuklen Village, Ruen Hut, Ognyanovo Village, Asenovgrad.
Eulophidae
573
Material: Byaga Village, 300 m., 01.08.2000, 1 ‡; Isperihovo Village, 200 m, 24.07.2000, 1 ‡; Novo Selo Village, 200 m: 01.07.2000, 3 ††, 1 ‡, 17.06.2001, 1 † (leg. A. Stojanova). Parasecodella obscura (Thomson, 1878) Material: Gornoslav Village, 300 m, 23.06.1968, 1 † (leg. P. Angelov); Velingrad, 850 m, 06.06.1983, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Donev); Belashtitsa Village, 300 m, 14.10.1993, 1 ‡; Chernatitsa Hut, 1300 m, 18.06.2001, 1 ‡; Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 03.08.2001, 1 † (leg. P. Boyadzhiev); Zagrazhden Village, 1000 m: 02.07.1996, 2 ††, 08.07.1996, 2 ††, 1 ‡; Planinsko Village, 1200 m, 04.07.1997, 2 ††, 1 ‡; Shiroka Polyana Dam, 1450 m, 28.07.2000, 1 † (leg. A. Stojanova). Tetrastichinae Aceratoneuromyia polita Graham, 1991 BOYADZHIEV (2003 b): Kormisosh Reserve, Planinsko Village. Apotetrastichus postmarginalis (Bouèek, 1971) BOYADZHIEV (1997): Trigrad Village. Material: Dolnoslav Village, 400 m, 07.10.1993, 2 ‡‡; Asenovgrad, 300 m, 14.06.1997, 2 ‡‡; Trigrad Village, 1200 m, 27.05.1997, 1 ‡; Chernatitsa Hut, 1300 m, 05.07.2001, 1 ‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev); Perelik Hut, 1960 m, 21.08.2000, 1 † (leg. A. Stojanova). Aprostocetus (Aprostocetus) caudatus Westwood, 1833 Material: Asenovgrad, 300 m 20.02.1995, 1 ‡, reared from galls of Diplolepis rosae (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) (leg. A. Donev); Golyam Perelik Summit, 2191 m, 21.08.2000, 1 †, 4 ‡‡ (leg. A. Stojanova). Aprostocetus (Aprostocetus) elongatus (Förster, 1841) Hyperteles elongatus: IVANOV & SLAVOV (1975): Parvenets Village, Brestnik Village; Material: Zagrazhden Village, 1000 m, 10.07.1993, 1 ‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev). Aprostocetus (Aprostocetus) forsteri (Walker, 1847) BOYADZHIEV (2001): Javrovo Village, Hrabrino Village. Material: Asenovgrad (Asenova Krepost), 300 m, 31.10.1999, 1 †, reared from seeds of indetermined species of Apiaceae, along with a specimen of Eurytoma albipennis (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) (leg. P. Boyadzhiev); Byaga Village, 300 m., 01.08.2000, 22 ‡‡ (leg. A. Stojanova). Aprostocetus (Aprostocetus) leucone (Walker, 1839) BOYADZHIEV (2003 b): Martsiganitsa Hut. Aprostocetus (Aprostocetus) longicauda (Thomson, 1878) Material: Asenovgrad (Dolni Voden Village), 300 m, 03.06.1999, 3 ‡‡ (leg. A. Stojanova).
574
P. BOYADZHIEV
Aprostocetus (Aprostocetus) terebrans Erdös, 1954 BOYADZHIEV (2003, b): Martsiganitsa Hut, Asenovgrad, Beglika Hut, Shiroka Laka Village, Lednitsata Hut. Aprostocetus (Aprostocetus) venustus (Gahan, 1914) BOYADZHIEV (2001): Dryanka Village, Martsiganitsa Hut. Material: Asenovgrad, 300 m, 01.11.1999, 3 ‡‡, reared from seeds of Robinia pseudoacacia (Fabaceae), along with a specimen of Bruchophagus robiniae (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae). Aprostocetus (Ootetrastichus) crino (Walker, 1838) BOYADZHIEV (1997): Hrabrino Village, Zagrazhden Village. Material: Martsiganitsa Hut, 1200 m, 05.06.1981, 1 †; Cherna Mesta Village, 1200 m, 29.05.1993, 1 †, 1 ‡; Kormisosh Reserve, 1300 m, 04.07.1993, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Donev); Momchil Yunak Hut, 1750 m, 22.08.2000, 2 †; Sarnitsa Village, 1220 m, 28.07.2000, 1 †; Shiroka Polyana Dam, 1500 m, 28.07.2000, 2 ††; Lednitsata Hut, 1600 m, 19.07.2001, 1 †, 5 ‡‡ (leg. A. Stojanova); Hvoyna Village: 18.07.1993, 1 †, 26.05.1998, 1 ‡; Chernatitsa Hut, 1300 m: 05.07.2000, 1 ‡, 18.06.2001, 1 ‡; (leg. P. Boyadzhiev). Aprostocetus (Ootetrastichus) percaudatus (Silvestri, 1920) Aprostocetus (O.) percaudatus: BOYADZHIEV (1997): Topolovo Village. Baryscapus adalia (Walker, 1839) Material: Velingrad, 850 m, 06.06.1983, 12 ‡‡; Kormisosh Reserve, 1300 m, 11.07.1991, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Donev); Byaga Village, 300 m., 19.06.1967, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Germanov); Novo Selo Village, 200 m, 01.07.2002, 1 ‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev); Dryanka Village, 800 m, 05.07.1996, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Stojanova). Baryscapus daira (Walker, 1839) Material: Sarnitsa Village, 1220 m, 28.07.2000, 1 ‡; Stoikite Village, 1400 m, 29.07.2000, 1 ‡; Batak, 1036 m, 27.07.2000, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Stojanova); Snezhanka Summit, 1925 m., 27.07.1999, 1 ‡; Manastir Village, 1500 m, 22.09.2000, 1 ‡; Topolovo Village, 450 m, 07.03.2000, 3 ††, 4 ‡‡, reared from heads of Carduus acanthoides (Asteraceae) (leg. P. Boyadzhiev). Baryscapus åndemus (Walker, 1838) BOYADZHIEV (2003, b): Hrabrino Village, Planinsko Village. Baryscapus galactopus (Ratzeburg, 1844) Tetrastichus galactopus: IVANOV & SLAVOV (1975): Parvenets Village, Brestnik Village; SLAVOV (1978): Parvenets Village. Baryscapus impeditus (Nees, 1834) BOYADZHIEV (2003, b): Rozhen Passage.
Eulophidae
575
Baryscapus nigroviolaceus (Nees, 1834) Tetrastichus amethystinus Ratzeburg: PELOV, TOMOV (1998): Velingrad. Baryscapus oophagus (Otten, 1942) GEORGIEV (2001): Ognyanovo Village. Baryscapus servadeii (Domenichini, 1965) Tetrastichus servadeii: TSANKOV (1970, 1972): Velingrad. Baryscapus turionum (Hartig, 1838) Tetrastichus turionum: TSANKOV (1968): Smolyan. Crataepus marbis (Walker, 1839) Material: Topolovo Village, 450 m, 07.03.2000, 5 ††, 18 ‡‡, reared from heads of Carduus acanthoides (Asteraceae), along with a specimen of Eurytoma tibialis (Eurytomidae); Novo Selo Village, 200 m, 24.05.2000, 1 ‡; Lednitsata Hut, 19.06.2001, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Stojanova). Holcotetrastichus rhosaces (Walker, 1839) BOYADZHIEV (2000): Izgrev Hut, Hrabrino Village, Asenovgrad. Minotetrastichus frontalis (Nees, 1834) Minotetrastichus ecus Walker: PELOV, TOMOV (1998): Velingrad. Minotetrastichus platanellus (Mercet, 1922) Tetrastichus platanellus: IVANOV & SLAVOV (1975): Parvenets Village, Brestnik Village; SLAVOV (1978), Parvenets Village. Neotrichoporoides mediterraneus Graham, 1986 BOYADZHIEV (1999): Byala Cherkva Hut. Neotrichoporoides szelenyii (Erdös, 1951) BOYADZHIEV (1999): Boykovo Village. Neotrichoporoides viridimaculatus (Fullaway, 1955) Material: Gornoslav Village, 300 m, 11.07.1968, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Germanov); Novakovo Village, 400 m, 05.09.2001, 1 ‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev). Oomyzus galerucivorus (Hedqvist, 1959) BOYADZHIEV (2003, b): Chernatitsa Hut, Lednitsata Hut. Oomyzus gallerucae (Fonscolombe, 1832) Material: Asenovgrad, 300 m, 22.04.1994, 6 ††, 19 ‡‡, reared from eggs of Xanthogaleruca luteola (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) (leg. A. Donev).
576
P. BOYADZHIEV
Oomyzus incertus (Ratzeburg, 1844) Material: Cherna Mesta Village, 1100 m, 29.05.1993, 1 † (leg. A. Donev); Martsiganitsa Hut, 1400 m: 08.06.1999, 1 †, 08.07.1999, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Stojanova). Oomyzus repentinus (Graham, 1985) Material: Novo Selo Village, 200 m, 01.07.2000, 1 † (leg. P. Boyadzhiev). Oomyzus scaposus (Thomson, 1878) Material: Malka Syutkya Summit, 2078 m, 11.07.1978, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Donev); Asenovgrad, 300 m, 14.06.1997, 1 ‡; Sarnitsa Village, 1220 m, 28.07.2002, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Stojanova). *Oomyzus sokolowskii (Kurdjumov, 1912) Material: Velingrad, 850 m, 06.06.1983, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Donev). Peckelahertus anglicus Graham, 1977 BOYADZHIEV (2001): Chernatitsa Hut, Studenets Hut, Zdravets Hut. Pronotalia carlinarum (Szelényi & Erdös, 1951) Material: Zagrazhden Village, 1000 m, 04.07.1996, 1 †; Chudnite Mostove Hut, 1500 m, 20.08.2000, 1 ‡; Chernatitsa Hut, 1300 m, 05.07.2000, 3 ‡‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev); Batak Dam, 1036 m, 27.07.2000, 1 †; Shiroka Laka Village, 1060 m, 02.07.2001, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Stojanova). Pronotalia hungarica (Erdös, 1955) BOYADZHIEV (2001): Asenovgrad, Chernatitsa Hut, Hrabrino Village; Material: Novakovo Village, 400 m, 05.09.2001, 3 ‡‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev). Pronotalia orobanchiae (Graham, 1991) BOYADZHIEV (2003 b): Zagrazhden Village, Planinsko Village, Batak, Lednitsata Hut, Zdravets Hut. Puklina asphodelinae Boyadzhiev, 2003 BOYADZHIEV (2003 a): Isperihovo Village, Novo Selo Village. Qudrastichus vacuna (Walker, 1839) BOYADZHIEV (2003 b): Byala Cherkva Hut, Planinsko Village, Lednitsata Hut. Sigmophora brevicornis (Panzer, 1804) BOYADZHIEV (1997): Byala Cherkva Hut, Material: Novakovo Village, 400 m: 05.05.1967, 1 ‡, 08.07.1968, 1 ‡; Gornoslav Village, 300 m, 11.07.1968, 1 ‡; Bryanovshtitsa Hut, 24.07.1969, 1 ‡; Byaga Village, 300 m., 19.06.1967, 1 ‡; Ruen Hut, 1150 m, 29.07.1969, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Germanov); Smolyanski Ezera Hut, 1526 m: 21.07.1969, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Germanov), 30.07.1993, 8 ‡‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev); Belashtitsa Village, 300 m, 14.10.1993, 3 ††; Chernatitsa Hut, 1300 m:
Eulophidae
577
05.07.2000, 1 ‡, 18.06.2001, 1 ‡; Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 03.08.2001, 1 ‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev); Asenovgrad, 300 m, 14.05.1994, 1 ‡; Martsiganitsa Hut, 21.06.1994, 1 ‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev); Hrabrino Village, 400 m: 07.07.1985, 1 ‡ (leg. S. Petrov), 21.05.2000, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Stojanova); Narechenski Bani Village, 700 m, 25.06.2000, 1 †, 10 ‡‡, reared from galls of Asphondylia verbasci (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), along with a specimen of Eurytoma dentata (Eurytomidae); Sarnitsa Village, 1220 m, 28.06.2000, 1 ‡; Lednitsata Hut, 19.07.2001, 1 ‡; Gela Village, 24.07.2002, 8 ††, 8 ‡‡, reared from galls on Verbascum sp. (leg. A. Stojanova). Sigmophora italica (Domenichini, 1967) BOYADZHIEV (2001): Asenovgrad. Tamarixia leptothrix Graham, 1991 BOYADZHIEV (2003 b): Rozhen Passage, Novo Selo Village. Tamarixia monesus (Walker, 1839) BOYADZHIEV (1999): Zagrazhden Village, Asenovgrad, Akvatepe Summit. Material: Lednitsata Hut, 1600 m: 22.08.1985, 1 ‡ (leg. S. Petrov), 19.07.2001, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Stojanova); Planinsko Village, 1200 m, 04.07.1997, 6 ‡‡ (leg. A. Stojanova); Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 11.06.2001, 2 ‡‡; Chernatitsa Hut, 1300 m, 18.06.2001, 18 ‡‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev). Tamarixia poddubnyi (Kostjukov, 1978) BOYADZHIEV (1999): Akvatepe Summit, Zagrazhden Village. Material: Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 11.06.2001, 1 †; Chernatitsa Hut, 1300 m, 18.06.2001, 3 †† (leg. P. Boyadzhiev). Tamarixia pronomus (Walker, 1839) BOYADZHIEV (1999): Lednitsata Hut, Zagrazhden Village. Material: Martsiganitsa Hut, 1400 m, 08.07.1999, 1 † (leg. P. Boyadzhiev); Novo Selo Village, 200 m, 17.05.2001, 1 † (leg. A. Stojanova). Tamarixia pubescens (Nees, 1834) BOYADZHIEV (1999): Rozhen Passage. Tamarixia upis (Walker, 1839) BOYADZHIEV (2000): Akvatepe Summit. Material: Boykovo Village, 1150 m, 25.09.1982, 1 ‡ (leg. S. Petrov); Asenovgrad (Dolni Voden Village), 300 m, 23.07.1985, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Donev); Manastir Village, 1500 m, 10.08.1985, 2 ††, 1 ‡ (leg. S. Petrov); Planinsko Village, 1200 m, 04.07.1997, 1 †; Bosilkovo Village, 1000 m, 02.07.1998, 1 ‡; Svoboda Hut, 04.07.1998, 1 †, 1 ‡; Chudnite Mostove Hut, 1500 m, 20.08.2000, 1 †; Momchil Yunak Hut, 22.08.2000, 1 ‡ (leg. A. Stojanova); Topolovo Village, 450 m, 07.10.1993, 1 ‡; Chernatitsa Hut, 1300 m: 05.08.2000, 1 ‡, 18.06.2001, 1 ‡; Zdravets Hut, 1200 m, 03.08.2001, 1 ‡ (leg. P. Boyadzhiev).
578
P. BOYADZHIEV Tetrastichus atratulus (Nees, 1834) BOYADZHIEV (2003, b): Blatska Village, Topolovo Village. Tetrastichus halidayi (Graham, 1961) BOYADZHIEV (2000): Zagrazhden Village. Material: Batak, 1036 m, 29.08.1969, 1 † (leg. A. Germanov).
Tetrastichus julis (Walker, 1839) BOYADZHIEV (2003, b): Zdravets Hut, Chernatitsa Hut, Novo Selo Village, Asenovgrad. Tetrastichus legionarius Girault, 1863 BOYADZHIEV (2001): Parvenets Village. Tetrastichus setifer Thomson, 1878 Tetrastichus sp.: TOMOV & POPOV (1991): Bratsigovo-Peshterska Valley.
Conclusion As a result of this study 163 species were established to the fauna of the Western Rhodopes. Thirty of them are herein newly recorded as belonging to the region and 3 are new to the fauna of Bulgaria (Hemiptarsenus waterhousii, Sympiesis crinita and Oomyzus sokolowskii).
Acknowledgements I extend my thanks to Dr. P. Angelov, Dr. A. Donev, Dr. A. Stojanova, Dr. S. Petrov, Dr. I. Bassamakov for giving me the specimens collected in the Western Rhodopes.
References BOYADZHIEV P. 1997. New species Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) to the fauna of Bulgaria. - Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Animalia, 33(6): 41-44. BOYADZHIEV P. 1999. New species Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) to the fauna of Bulgaria - II. Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Animalia, 35(6): 63-66. BOYADZHIEV P. 2000. Unknown species of family Eulophidae to the fauna of Bulgaria from the Rhodopes (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). – Acta zoologica bulgarica, 52(2): 25-29. BOYADZHIEV P. 2001. Unknown species of family Eulophidae to the fauna of the Rhodopes (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). – Acta entomologica bulgarica, 7(1-2): 11-16 (In Bulgarian, English summary). BOYADZHIEV P. 2003a. Puklina asphodelinae sp. n. from Bulgaria (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae). – Revue suisse de Zoologie, 110(3): 533-539. BOYADZHIEV P. 2003 b. New records to the fauna of Eulophidae in Bulgaria (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) with a checklist of all Bulgarian species. – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Animalia, 39(6): 79-96. GEORGIEV G. 2001. New egg parasitoids of the pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffr.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), in Bulgaria. – Forest science, 3/4: 87-90.
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GUMOVSKY A., P. BOYADZHIEV. 2003. Review of Bulgarian Entedon Dalman, 1820 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae, Entedoninae). – Acta zoologica bulgarica, 55(3): 3-32. IVANOV S., SLAVOV N. 1975. Role of the useful fauna for numerical dinamics of the mining moths. – Rastitelna Zashtita, 23(10): 33-35. (In Bulgarian). PELOV V., R. TOMOV. 1998. Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), reared from mining moths (Lepidoptera), feeding on rosaceous fruit trees in Bulgaria. – Acta entomologica bulgarica, 1: 56-63. SLAVOV N. 1978. Possibilities for using of the parasites of mining moths in the frame of the integrated insect pest control. – In: Grigorov, S. (Ed.): Biologichni osnovi na borbata s nepriyatelite po selskostopanskite kulturi. Materiali ot I nauchna sesiya, 6-8 dekemvri 1976, Sofia: 148-153. TOMOV V., POPOV S. 1991. Predators and parasites of the eggs, larvae, and pupae of Lilioceris lilii Scop. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). – In: Tsankov, G. (Ed.): First National Conference of Entomology 28-30 October 1991, Sofia: 157-160. TSANKOV G. 1968. Possibilities for using of the entomofages in biological insect pest control in forestry. – In: Aleksandrov, B., Zahov, S. (Eds.): Sbornik ot dokladi i referati, izneseni na saveshtanieto po lesozashtita, provedeno ot DSO “Gorsko stopanstvo i darvodobiv”, ASN, Sofia: 105-109. (In Bulgarian). TSANKOV G. 1970. Application of the biomethod in the forestry. – Rastitelna zashtita, 5: 5-7. (In Bulgarian). TSANKOV G. 1972. On the biology and ecology of ovophages of Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff. in Bulgaria. In – Lazarov, V. (Ed.): Studies on the biological control of plant pests, 1: 105-112. Author’s address: Peter Boyadzhiev Department of Zoology University of Plovdiv “Paisiy Hilendarski” 24, Tsar Assen Str. 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
Семейство Eulophidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) в Западните Родопи (България) Петър БОЯДЖИЕВ (Р е з ю м е) Обобщена е цялата информация за видовете от сем. Eulophidae, известни за фауната на Западните Родопи досега. Представени са фаунистични данни за 163 вида. От тях 30 са съобщени за първи път за района, а 3 вида са нови за фауната на България (Hemiptarsenus waterhousii, Sympiesis crinita и Oomyzus sokolowskii).
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Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Trichoptera (Insecta) from the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece)
KRASSIMIR KUMANSKI
Kumanski K. 2006. Trichoptera (Insecta) from the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). – In: Beron P. (ed) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 581-611. Abstract. A thorough review of the faunistic data on the Trichoptera from the Western Rhodopes known so far is made. One hundred and thirty-five species from 54 genera and 18 families are listed in Table 2. Six species – Rhyacophila mocsaryi Klap., Oligoplectrum maculatum (Fourcr.), Micropterna testacea Gmel., Hydropsyche angustipennis Curt., Limnephilus griseus (L.), and Stenophylax mitis McL. are reported for the first time in the Western Rhodopes, the first three species being new to the fauna of the whole mountain. The material included originates from 100 localities (Table 1), 249 samples altogether. Eighty-two of the localities (219 samples) are in the Bulgarian part, and 18 localities (30 samples) – in the Greek part of the Western Rhodopes. Notes on the main ecological categories appearing there, as well as notes on some biological and phonological peculiarities of separate species or species groups are given. An analytical and comparative review of the taxonomic composition of the Western and Eastern parts, and of the entire Rhodopes Mts. is presented in Table 3. Zoogeographical notes concerning Trichoptera from the Rhodopes Mts. as a whole, and the two parts of the mountain are presented in Table 4 and in the text to follow. There is special emphasis on the lack of exhaustively detailed zoogeographical concepts concerning Trichoptera (and other rheobiontic freshwater invertebrates). Finally, the regions with higher biodiversity, respectively appearing as the most likely to be declared protected by law, are pointed out. Key words: Trichoptera, faunistics, zoogeography, Western Rhodopes, Bulgaria, Greece, protected regions.
Introduction The Rhodopes Mts. occupy a territory of 14737 sq km1, which makes it the largest mountain within the Balkan Peninsula. The subject of the present paper, i.e. the Western Rhodopes, occupies 8732 km2, of which 8061 km2 are in Bulgaria, and 671 km2 - in Greece. Thus, the Western Rhodopes are 1.5 times larger than the Eastern Rhodopes. The northern borders of the Western Rhodopes pass along the valley of the Maritsa River; the western 1
In my previous paper concerning Trichoptera of the Eastern Rhodopes (KUMANSKI, 2004), I have mentioned the obviously erroneous figure of 17737 sq km, given by PESHEV (op. cit. there) for indicating the entire territory of that mountain.
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ones follow the Yadenitsa River (right confluent of the Maritsa River and the Mesta (Nestos in Greece) River. The southern borders pass more or less closely to the Aegean coastline in Greece, and the eastern ones, which more or less conditionally divide the Western Rhodopes from the Eastern ones, go along the upper stream of the Arda River and the Kayaliyka River. Contrary to the Eastern Rhodopes, the Western Rhodopes is a higher mountain, with a complicated system of ridges and deep valleys, as well as with large, moderately flat, high zones. The highest massif here is Mursalitsa Ridge, with Golyam Perelik Summit (2191 m a.s.l., and Golyam Snezhnik Summit (2188 m a.s.l.). Other high and more or less well distinguished massifs are Syutkya massif with Golyama Syutkya Summit (2186 m a.s.l.) and Malka Syutkya Summit (2070 m a.s.l.), Batashka Planina Ridge with Batashki Snezhnik Summit (2082 m a.s.l.), Chernatitsa Ridge with Golyam Persenk Summit (2091 m a.s.l.), Bukova Planina Mt., with Snezhanka Summit (1925 m a.s.l.) and Murgavets Summit (1858 m a.s.l.), the Ardinski Dyal along the Bulgarian-Greek border with a series of high peaks, as Tsigansko Gradishte Summit (1827 m a.s.l.), Dabrash Ridge, with Beslet Summit (1938 m a.s.l.), etc. From a geological point of view, the Rhodopes Mts. are considered the oldest dry land of Bulgaria. Its long development has resulted also in a very rich petrologic composition of this region. The deep canyons of the main rivers Vacha, Chepinska, Cherna, Shirokolashka, etc., are built in the granite base of the mountain. Vast limestone and marble zones cover a good deal of the Western Rhodopes, thus forming various carst formations – caves, gorges, underground stretches of torrents, springs, etc. Stagnant waters are represented above all by two groups of landslide lakes, i.e. in the catchment of Cherna River above Smolyan, and in the catchment of Chairska River, not far from Trigrad Village. The altitude of Smolyanski Lakes is between 1200-1600 m a.s.l. and of Chairski Lakes – 1450-1600 m a.s.l. As a rule, these lakes are rich in water vegetation, respectively high concentration of dissolved oxygen (6,7-10,5 mg/l), with soft and slightly acid waters (the pH between 6-7). Thus, their caddisfly fauna, though not very rich, contains limnobious species, which are otherwise rare in the Rhodopes Mts.. Finally, a good number of larger and smaller dams are constructed there, but they are not among the preferred biotopes by these insects. Towards the East, andesites and riolites predominate in the rock cover of the mountain. Contrary to the Eastern Rhodopes, the greater part of the Western Rhodopes is covered by dense coniferous and/or deciduous forests, most often reaching up the highest peaks. In accordance with the various natural conditions, the river net is very rich in the Western Rhodopes. All categories of running waters are to be found there from the epi- and eupotamal (the upper and middle stretch of Mesta River), through the hypo-, meta- and epirhitral, up to hygropetric biotops and carst springs. The caddisfly fauna of the western part of the Rhodopes, unlike that of the eastern part of the mountain, could be considered relatively well studied. The literature with data (mainly faunistic ones) on that matter lists ca. 37 publications altogether. These publications, however, are very different as regards the Western Rhodopes territory. In most cases they are faunistic communications from Bulgaria as a whole, with single (or several) localities/species visited/collected in this mountain. A detailed list of the literature is given in the last part (References) of the present paper. I shall mention here only some of them – the ones of historical value, and above all the few ones with more or less exhaustive information on the Rhodopean Trichoptera. First KLAPALEK (1894; 1895) announced one, and then another
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two species. The next three caddisflies from the Rhodopes (determined by a foreign specialist) are reported by BURESH (1936) – the first two regular trogloxenes, and by BURESH (1939) - the common species Rhyacopila tristis Pict. All the other publications appeared in the second half of the 20th century. The following are worth mentioning here: BOTOSANEANU (1956) with 3 species first reported from the Rhodopes, BOTOSANEANU & SYKORA (1963) - 6 other species, KUMANSKI (1971) - 7 species, NOVAK (1971) - 31 species, KUMANSKI & MALICKY (1976) - 4 species, etc. The only paper devoted entirely to the caddisfly fauna of the Bulgarian Rhodopes is that of KUMANSKI (1975a). Along with all available at that time data on 96 species altogether, 17 of them new to the Western Rhodopes, ecological and zoogeographical analyses were first made there. New announcements concerning the caddisflies of the Rhodopes are to be found in the pair of volumes 15 and 19 of the Series “Fauna of Bulgaria” (KUMANSKI, 1985; 1988). The only source of information about Trichoptera from the Greek Part of the Rhodopes is the newly published monograph of MALICKY (2005). This is the last but not least important work on that matter. Twenty-four species are published for the first time from the Western Rhodopes, and a good deal of them so far remains unfound in the Bulgarian part of the mountain.
Material and methods The material concerned here originates from 100 localities, 249 samples respectively. Eighty-two of the localities (with 218 of the samples) are in the Bulgarian part, and the other 18 localities (30 samples respectively) - in the Greek part of the Western Rhodopes. The localities are mapped (Fig. 1) and listed below.
Fig. 1. Map of the localities
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K. KUMANSKI
The taxonomic part of the present paper is based first, on the available literature data and second on further accumulated new data. All species within each family are alphabetically arranged; the published localities and the possible new ones are given in a new paragraph to each species. The corresponding authors are ordered chronologically, the corresponding localities and the material available are repeatedly announced. The following symbols used before species names mean: * - a taxon new to the Western Rhodopes; ** - new to the Rhodopes. Most of the material consists of adult insects, but reliable determinations of immature stages are also included. The lack of the collector’s name indicates that the material has been sampled by the author. This material is preserved in the collections of the National Museum of Natural History, Sofia, and the remaining one - in the collections of the corresponding authors. It is my pleasure to thank here all the colleagues, who have supported this study by placing at my disposal the collected Trichoptera, and above all my colleague the Assoc. Prof. Dr. Stoyan Beshkov and Mr. Yulius Ganev and Mr. Alexander Slivov. T a b l e 1. List of the Localities L o c a l i t i e s i n B u l g a r i a: 1a. Brook in resort Yundola, 1375 m alt., 23.5.1981 (leg. Y. Uzunov); 1b. Ibid., 20-26.6.1981(leg. Y. Uzunov); 1c. Ibid., 9.8.1929 (leg.?); 1d. Ibid., 29.9.1982 (leg. Y. Uzunov); 2a. The confluence of Byala Mesta and Cherna Mesta Rivers, 1000 m alt., 15.7.1972; 2b. Ibid., 17.6.1974; 3a. Mesta River, Yakoruda, 950 m alt., 10.7.1962 (leg.?); 3b. Ibid., 17.6.1974; 4a. Mesta River, General Kovachev Railway Station, 750 m alt., 29.8.1972; 4b. Ibid., 15.7.1972; 4c. Ibid., 17.6.1974 (leg. S. Zagotchinov, at light); 5. Mesta River, the confluence with Iztok River, ca. 700 m alt., 29.8.1972; 6a. Mesta River, Gotse Delchev, 500 m alt., 16.7.1972; 6b. Ibid., 18.6.1974 (leg. S. Zagortchinov, at light); 6c. Ibid., 28.9.1971; 6d. Ibid., 7.10.1976; 7a. Mesta River, Hadzhidimovo, 480 m alt., 18.6.1974 (leg. S. Zagortchinov, at light); 7b. Ibid., 14.7.1972; 7c. Ibid., 29.8.1972; 7d. Ibid., 6.5.1973; 8. Sveta Petka Railway Station, 1120 m alt., 18.7.1974 (leg. S. Zagortchinov, at light); 9. Srebren (Gyumyush Chal) Summit, 1910 m alt., 21.6.1926 (leg. P. Drensky); 10a. Krichim Reserve, 500 m alt., 25.5.1936 (leg. I. Buresch); 10b. Ibid., 15.9.1939 (leg. I. Buresch); 11. Brooklet above Ustina Village, ca. 400 m alt., September (leg.?); 12a. Velingrad, Kleptusa Karst Spring, 750 m alt., 13.7.1938 (leg.?); 12b. Ibid., July 1952 (leg.?); 12c. Ibid., Lepenitsa Cave, 800 m alt., 1.7.1927 (leg.?);
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12d. Ibid., Suhata Cave, ca. 800 m alt., 6.8.1927 (leg.?); 12e. Ibid., 5.6.1963 (leg. Ch. Delchev); 12f. Ibid., Dupcheto Cave, ca. 800 m alt., 5.6.1963 (leg. Ch. Delchev); 12g. Ibid., 18.6.2005 (leg. P. Beron & P. Stoev); 12h. Ibid., Lepenitsa Cave, ca. 800 m alt., 2.6.1963 (leg. Ch. Delchev); 13. Dabrash Ridge, Spring Brooklet, right tributary to Kanina River, 8 km above Kovachevitsa Village, ca. 1150 m alt., 10.8.1987; 14. Dabrash Ridge, Brook, right tributary to Dospat River, the bridge on the road Dospat- Satovcha Village, 1150 m alt., 6.10.1976; 15. Dabrash Ridge, Bistritsa River, 2-3 km below Satovcha Village, ca. 850 m alt., 7.10.1976; 16. Chepinska Reka River, Varvara Village, 300 m alt., 2.5.1978 (leg. A. Popov); 17. Brook in the vicinity of Peshtera, 500 m alt., 19.6.1955 (leg.?); 18. Brook in the vicinity of Batak, ca. 1150 m alt., 19.6.1962 (leg.?); 19a. Batashko Blato Swamp (now Batak Dam), 1150 m alt., 19.6.1926 (leg. P. Drensky); 19b. Ibid., 10.8.1925 (leg. I. Buresch); 20a. Batak Dam, 1150 m alt., 30.7.1970; 20b. Ibid., 27.5.1958 (leg.?); 21. Brook, tributary to Batak Dam, 1150 m alt., 9.7.1962 (leg. K. Novak); 22a. Brook, tributary to Vasil Kolarov (= Beglika) Dam, ca. 1500 m alt., 31.7.1970; 22b. Ibid., 23.7.1971; 22c. Ibid., 9.7.1962 (leg. K. Novak); 22d. Ibid., 3.9.1970; 22e. Ibid., 3.9.1968; 22f. Ibid., 3-6.9.1973 (leg. A. Slivov, at light); 23a. Brook, tributary to Toshkov Chark Dam, ca. 1450 m alt., 22.7.1971; 23b. Ibid., 30.7.1970; 23c. Ibid., 22.6.1969 (leg. W. Scheffler); 24a. Beglika Forest Office, ca. 1500 m alt., 4-6.10.1972; 24b. Ibid., 30.7.1970; 24c. Ibid., 3-6.9.1973 (leg. A. Slivov, at light); 24d. Ibid., 9.7.1962 (leg. K. Novak); 25a. Sarnena Reka (= Karadja Dere) River, left tributary to Dospat River, the bidge on the road Dospat – Borino Village, ca. 1250 m alt., 7.10.1976; 25b. Ibid., 21.7.1971; 26. Gashnya River, Lesichevo Forest Office, ca. 1400 m alt., 2.9.1968; 27a. Vacha River, Michalkovo Village, 550 m alt., 8.7.1962 (leg. K. Novak); 27b. Ibid., Brook, right tributary to River Vacha, Michalkovo Village, 8.7.1962 (leg. K. Novak); 28a. Vacha River, 2 km E of Devin, ca. 700 m alt., 2.9.1968; 28b. Ibid., 3.8.1961 (leg.?); 29a. Devinska Reka River, Devin, 716 m alt., 9.7.1969; 29b. Ibid., 7.7.1962 (leg. K. Novak); 29c. Ibid., 1.8.1970; 30a. Devinska Reka River, above Devin, ca. 750 m alt., 1.8.1970; 30b. Ibid., 15.7.1969; 30c. Ibid., 9.10.1987 (leg. S. Beshkov, at light); 30d. Ibid., 17-18.11.1968; 30e. Ibid., 8.10.1996 (leg. Y. Vidinova); 31. Brook, confluent to Devinska Reka River, Devin, 716 m alt., 7.7.1962 (leg. K. Novak); 32a. Orphaeus Hut, 1190 m alt., and a Brook in the vicinity, 18.7.1971 (at light);
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32b. Ibid., 6.19.1976; 33. Vacha River between Teshel Village and Nastan (District of Devin), 750 m alt., 6.10.1976; 34a. Sanchova Dupka Cave, 1000 m alt., Yagodina Village, 27.6.1966; 34b. Same region, Yagodinska (Imamova Dupka) Cave, 1000 m alt., 14.7.1971 (leg. P. Tranteev); 34c. Same Cave, 9.6.1973 (leg. Ch. Delchev); 34d. Same Region, Dolna Karanska Peshtera Cave, 17.9.2005 (leg. B. Petrov); 35a. Trigradska Reka River, Teshel Village, ca. 75o m alt., 2.8.1970; 35b. Ibid., 8 km above Teshel Village, ca. 800 m alt., 28.11.1973; 36a. Trigradska Reka River, near the confluence of Chairska Reka River, 950 m alt., 6.10.1976; 36b. Ibid., 2.8.1970; 36c. Ibid., 20.7.1971; 36d. Ibid., 7.8.1987; 36e. Same Region, Chairska Reka River before the mouthing into Trigradska Reka River, 18.6.1980; 36f. Ibid., Hygropetric biotop near Chairska Reka River, ca. 960 m alt., 20.7.1971; 37a. Chaira locality, Spring Brooklet, ca. 1450 m alt., 20.7.1971; 37b. Ibid., 2.8.1970; 37c. Ibid. Siniya Vir Lake, ca. 1600 m alt., 3.8.1970; 37d. Ibid., 21.4.1972 (leg. B. Vukova); 38a. Trigrad Village, Trigradska Reka River, Dyavolskoto Garlo Cave, ca. 1150 m alt., 6.10.1980; 38b. Ibid., 11.8.1969; 38c. Same Region, Pametkovo site, Hera Cave, 1470 m alt., 3.8.2005 (leg. N. Simov & S. Delchev); 38d. Ibid., Dolna Karanska Cave, 17.9.2005 (leg. B. Petrov); 38e. Ibid., Suhodolska Kaba site, Dabanovata Peshtera 1 Cave, 1351 m (leg. N. Simov & S. Delchev); 38f. Ibid., Suhodolska Peshtera 2 Cave, 1420 m alt.,1.8.2005 (leg. N. Simov & S. Delchev); 38 g. Trigradska Reka River, Trigrad Village, 26.6.1969; 39a. Brook system above Trigrad Village, 1250-1300 m alt., 17.9.1968; 39b. Ibid., Trigradska Reka River and Vodni Pad Brook, 1300 m alt., 2.8.1970; 39c. Ibid., 30,7,1982 (leg. Y. Ganev, at light); 39d. Ibid., 25.6.1969; 39e. Ibid., 25.7.1968 (leg. A. Slivov, at light); 40. On the road Markovo Village (300 m alt.) - Byala Cherkva Village (1620 m alt.), 23.7.1893 (leg.?); 41a. Byala Cherkva Hut, 1620 m alt., 13.7.1979 (leg. F. Yosifova, at light); 41b. Ibid., 30.7.1893 (leg.?); 42a. Persenk Mine, ca. 1750 m alt., 5.6.1981 (leg. Y. Ganev, at light); 42b. Ibid., 29.8.1980 (leg. Y. Ganev, at light);(leg. Y. Ganev, at light); 42c. Ibid., 5.8.1981 (leg. Y. Ganev, at light);(leg. Y. Ganev, at light); 43a. Brooks and Brooklets in the upper stream of Zabardska Reka River, 1200-1700 m alt. (the region of Chudnite Mostove Hut), 16.7.1971; 43b. Ibid., 1-2.9.1971 (leg. D. Braasch); 43c. Ibid., 26.5.1969 (leg. D. Braasch); 43d. Ibid., hygropetric biotope, 16.7.1971; 44. Dalbok Dol (= Erkiupriyska Reka) River, not far from its confluence with Zabardska Reka River, ca. 1100 m alt., 5.10.1976; 45a. Zabardska Reka River, not far from the confluence with Dalbok Dol River, ca. 1100 m alt., 5.10.1976; 45b. Ibid., hygropetric biotope, 5.10.1976; 45c. Ibid., 25,10.1971; 46. Zabardska Reka River, Hvoyna Village, 650 m alt., 21.6.1980 (leg. A. Popov); 47a. Halpach locality, near Zabardo Village, 1215 m alt., 19.8.1980 (leg. Y. Ganev, at light);
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587
47b. Ibid. 7.6.1981 (leg. Y. Ganev, at light); 48. Chernatitsa Ridge, Izgrev Hut, 1730 m alt., 31.7.1982 (leg. Y. Ganev, at light); 49a. Brook above Stoykite Village, ca. 1400 m alt., 18.7.1971; 49b. Ibid., 6.10.1976; 49c. Ibid., 31.8.1968; 49d. Ibid., 7.6.1971; 49e. Ibid., 21.6.1980 (leg. K. Kumanski & H. Malicky); 50a. Shirokolashka Reka River, upper stream, 100-1600 m alt., 29-31.8.1971; 50b. Ibid., 22.6.1980 (leg. A. Popov); 50c. Ibid., 17.11.1991 (leg. I. Yaneva); 51a. Shirokolashka Reka River, Shiroka Laka Village, 1060 m alt., m alt., 7.7.1962 (leg.?}; 51b. Ibid., 11.8.1963 (leg.?); 51c. Ibid., 29-31.8.1971 (leg. D. Braasch); 51d. Ibid., 22.6.1980 (leg. A. Popov); 52. Brook, right tributary to Shirokolashka Reka River, 1000-1400 m alt., 31.8.1971; 53. Forgovo Cave, above Kesten Village, ca. 1400 m alt., 18.9.2005 54a. Lednitsata Cave, above Gela Village, 1660 m alt., 28.6.1924 (leg.?); 54b. Ibid., 3.7.1962 (leg.?); 54c. Ibid., 18.9.2005 (leg. B. Petrov); 55. Spring Brook below Golyam Perelik Summit, ca. 2000 m alt., 7.7.1962 (leg. B. Russev); 56. Golyam Snezhnik (Karlak) Summit, 2188 m alt., 27.6.1924 (leg. N. Radev); 57a. Lukovitsa Riber (left tributary to Chepelarska Reka River), above Asenovgrad, ca. 300 m alt.,815.8.1983 (leg. Y. Ganev, at light); 57b. Ibid., 18.5.1980 (leg. Y. Ganev, at light); 58. Chepelarska Reka River, between Asenovgrad and Chepelare, 300-400 m alt., 7.9.1956 (leg.?); 59a. Chepelarska Reka River, Bachkovo Village, 400 m alt., 19.5.1970; 59b. Ibid., 16.7.1971; 59c. Ibid., 22.6.1969 (leg. W. Scheffler); 59d. Ibid., 22.7.1971; 59e. Ibid., 15.8.1980 (leg. Y. Ganev, at light); 59f. Ibid., 3.5.1909 (leg.?); 59g. Ibid., 28.7.1960 (leg.?); 59h. Ibid., 7.9.1956 (leg?); 60. Chepelarska Reka River, above Narechen Village, ca. 600 m alt.,27.8.1968; 61a. Chepelarska Reka River, Chepelare, 1150 m alt., 7.6.1974; 61b. Ibid., 15.8.1980 (leg. Y. Ganev, at light); 61c. Ibid., 20.6.1914 (leg. D. Ilchev); 61d. Ibid., 15.8.1979 (leg. Y. Ganev, at light); 61e. Ibid., 27.9.1978 (leg. Y. Ganev, at light); 61f. Ibid., 26.7.-8.8.1981 (leg. Y. Ganev, at light); 62a. Progled Cave, near Chepelare, ca. 1350 m alt., 30.6.1924 (leg.?); 63b. Rozhen locality, 1400 m alt., 15.7.1981 (leg. Y. Ganev, at light); 63c. Ibid., 13.8.1982 (leg. Y. Ganev, at light); 63d. Ibid., 13.9.1979 (leg. Y. Ganev, at light); 63e. Ibid., 4.6.1981 (leg. Y. Ganev, at light); 64. Mecha Dupka Cave, near Studenets Hut, 1250 m alt., 2.6.1966 (leg. T. Orghidan & A. Bacescu); 65. Below Snezhanka Summit, 1925 m alt., 22-23.6.1970 (leg. A. Slivov, at light); 66a. Brook above Kriva Reka Forest Office, ca. 1300 m alt., 25.5.1970; 66b. Ibid., 31.8.1968;
588
K. KUMANSKI
67a. Smolyanski Ezera Region, Smolyanski Ezera Hut, 1517 m alt., 24.6.1969 (leg. A. Slivov, at light); 67b. Ibid., 22-23.7.1970 (leg. A. Slivov, at light); 67c. Ibid. 23.7.1968 (leg. A. Slivov, at light); 67d. Ibid., 4.8.1970; 67e. Ibid., 25.10.1971; 67f. Ibid., Gorno Smolyansko Ezero Lake, 1600 m alt., 6.7.1962 (leg. B. Russev); 67g. Ibid., 19.4.1972 (leg. B. Vukova); 67h. Ibid., 22.5.1970; 67i. Ibid., 29.8.1968; 67j. Ibid., 16.7.1971; 67k. Ibid., brooks above and below Smolyanski Ezera Hut, 1550-1250 m alt., 17-18.7.1971; 67l. Ibid., 6.7.1962 (leg. B. Russev); 67m. Ibid., 23.7.1970; 67n. Ibid., 19.5.1962 (leg. V. Gueorguiev); 67o. Ibid., 24.5.1970; 67p. Ibid., 19.4.1972 (leg. I. Yaneva); 67q. Ibid., 5.8.1970; 67r. Ibid., Brook below Smolyanski Ezera Hut, ca. 1400 m alt., 26.10.1971; 67s. Ibid., Blatistoto Ezero Lake, 1550 m alt., 19.4.1972 (leg. B. Vukova); 67t. Ibid., Mezinski Gyol Lake, 1250 m alt., 19.4.1972 (leg. B. Vukova); 67u. Ibid., 24.5.1970; 67v. Ibid., 26.10.1971; 67w. Ibid., Dolno Smolyansko Ezero (= Salasha) Lake, 1200 m alt., 6.7.1962 (leg. B. Russev); 67x. Ibid., 17.7.1971; 67y. Ibid., Marsh, below Dolno Smolyansko Lake, ca. 1150 m alt., 18.5.1962 (leg. B. Russev); 68a. Cherna River, above Smolyan, 1100-1200 m alt., 5-7.7.1962 (leg. B. Russev); 68b. Ibid., 6.9.1956 (leg. B. Russev); 68c. Ibid., 2.9.1957 (leg. B. Russev); 68d. Ibid., 2.9.1971 (leg. D. Braasch); 68e. 21.5.1970; 68f. Ibid., 27.7.1977 (leg. A. Popov}; 68g. Ibid., 26.10.1971; 68h. Ibid., 17.7.1971; 68i. Ibid., Hygropetric biotop near small brook, right confluent to Cherna River, ca. 1100 m alt., 17.7.1971; 68j. Ibid., Carstic spring, Raykovo District, Smolyan, ca. 1000 m alt., 18.5.1962 (leg. B. Russev); 69a. Brook above Polkovnik Serafimovo Village, ca. 1100 m alt., 4.9.1970 (leg. S. Zagorchinov, at light); 69b. Ibid., 6.6.1967; 69c. Ibid., 6.6.1970 (leg. S. Zagorchinov, at light); 70. Arda River, upper stream, Smilyan Village, ca. 850 m alt., 2.9.1957 (leg. B. Russev); 71. Goloboitsa 1 Cave, 1000 m alt., near Koshnitsa Village, 11.7.2005 (leg. T. Ivanova & I. Borissov); 72. Goloboitsa Cave, 1000 m alt., near Mogilitsa Village, 3.8.1969 (leg. Ch. Delchev); 73. Tipitsa Cave, 1100 m alt., Potoka Village, 20.7.2005 (leg. T. Ivanova & I. Borissov); 74. Kremenskata Peshtera Cave, 1000 m alt., Kremene Village, 21.7.2005 (leg. T. Ivanova & I. Borissov); 75. Arda River, upper stream, 1050 m alt., Arda Village, 1.9.1957 (leg. B. Russev); 76. Arda River, Rudozem, 700 m alt., 4.9.1956 (leg. B. Russev); 77. Brook, left tributary to Arda River, 3 km N of Rudozem, 700 m alt., 6.6.1967; 78. Prikazna Cave, Dryanovo Village, 1100 m alt., 9.10.2005 (leg. B. Petrov); 79. Ivanova Voda Pothole, 1200 m alt., Dobrostan Village, 28.8.1970 (leg. Ch. Delchev);
Trichoptera
589
80. Lednitsata Pothole, 1200 m alt., Dobrostan Village, 28.8.1970 (leg. Ch. Delchev); 81. Sipeya Cave, 1100 m alt., Dobrostan Village, 20.6.1960 (leg. P. Beron); 82. Hralup Cave, 850 m alt., Dobrostan Village, 9.7.1962 (leg. P. Beron); L o c a l i t i e s i n G r e e c e (from Malicky, 2005): 83a. Kriavrisi (Coniferous wood, Elatia), 1500 m alt., 19.7.1991(leg. H. Malicky); 83b. Ibid., 10.10.1991 (leg. H. Malicky); 83c. Ibid., 21.5.1994 (leg. I. Sivec); 83d. Ibid., 4 km S of Kriavrisi (Beech wood, Elatia), 1400 m alt., 19.7.1991 (leg. H. Malicky); 83e. Ibid., 10.10,1991 (leg. H. Malicky); 83f. Ibid., 6 km E of Kriavrisi (Elatia), 1300 m alt., 19.7.1991(leg. H. Malicky); 84a. N of Dipotama, Thrakia, 1310 m alt., 23.5.1994 (leg. I. Sivec); 84b. Ibid., 1030 m alt., 23.5.1994 (leg. I. Sivec); 84c. Ibid., 1415 m alt., 23.5.1994 (leg. I. Sivec); 84d. Ibid., 1400 m alt., 23.5.1994 (leg. I. Sivec); 84e. Ibid., 1260 m alt., 23.5.1994 (leg. I. Sivec); 84c. Ibid., S of Dipotama, 945 m alt., 23.5.1994 (leg. I. Sivec); 85. Skaloti, Rodopi, 1090 m alt., 21.5.1994 (leg. I. Sivec); 86. S of Dipotama,Thrakia, 440 m alt., 23.5.1994 (leg. I. Sivec); 87. Four km SE of Dasikon Horio (Elatia), 1300 m alt., 10.10.1991(leg. H. Malicky); 88. S of Dipotama, Thrakia, 440 m alt., 23.5.1994 (leg. I. Sivec); 89a. N of Sidironero, Thrakia, 1190 m alt., 21.5.1994 (leg. I. Sivec); 89b. Ibid., 930 m alt., 21.5.1994 (leg. I. Sivec); 89c. Ibid., 910 m alt., 21.5.1994 (leg. I. Sivec); 90. W of Sidironero, Thrakia, 500 m alt., 21.5.1994 (leg. I. Sivec); 91. Prasinada (Main Brook) (Rodopi), 300 m alt., 18.7.1991(leg. H. Malicky); 92. Sminthi, km W of Rodopi, near Xanthi, 450 m alt., 17.7.1991(leg. H. Malicky); 93. Eight km N of Sminthi, Thrakia, 300 m alt., 25.5.1994(leg. I. Sivec); 94. The Pass between Xanthi and Stavrupolis, 800 m alt., 31.5.1991(leg. H. Malicky); 95. Nestos River, Potami Village, 300 m alt., 20.7.1991 (leg. H. Malicky); 96. Nestos River Gorge, above Paradisos, SW Xanthi, 90 m alt., 7.6.2003 (leg. Weissmair); 97. Nestos River, Skaloti Village, ca. 280 m alt., 9.7.2004 (leg. Louda); 98. S of Silli, Thrakia, 315 m alt., 23.5.1994 (leg. I. Sivec); 99. N of Xanthi, Thrakia, 200 m alt., 25.5.1994 (leg. I. Sivec); 100. Brook Arkouderema, N of Paranestion, 200 m alt., 15.6.2003 (leg. Weissmair).
Results General notes The total number of species known so far to occur in the Western Rhodopes is 135. They belong to 54 genera and, correspondingly, to 18 families. Three species, Hydropsyche angustipennis, Limnephilus griseus and Stenophylax mitis, have not been reported from the Western Rhodopes so far. Three other caddisflies – Rhyacophila mocsaryi, Oligoplectrum maculatum and Micropterna testacea – are newly reported from the mountain as a whole. One hundred and fourteen species are known from the Bulgarian part of the Western Rhodopes up to now; 72 species of which are not found in the Greek part. On the other hand, 63 species are known in the Greek part of the Western Rhodopes,
590
K. KUMANSKI
and 20 of them – only there. Finally, I would mention also the ratio of ca. 43 % between the number of species from the Bulgarian Western Rhodopes (115 spp.) and the total number known in Bulgaria (260 spp.). The corresponding ratio between the species from the Greek part of the Western Rhodopes (63 spp.) and those from the whole country (300 spp.) is, correspondingly, ca. 21 %. These figures, however, have to do with the political division of the mountain only, thus presenting a more or less superficial picture rather than a natural one. More valuable and interesting results of the analysis seem to be the ones based on the ecological, biological and zoogeographical features of the caddisfly fauna of the Western Rhodopes on the one hand, and of the corresponding fauna of the Eastern-, respectively entire Rhodopes, on the other hand. They are attempted in the following paragraphs. T a b l e 2. List and localities of the determined taxa (* - New to Western Rhodopes; ** - New to Rhodopes) RHYACOPHILIDAE Rhyacophila armeniaca Guerin, 1834 Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 31: 1 M, 4 FF; 68a: 1 M, 1 F New localities: 42a: 1 M; 59e: 2 MM, 1 F Rhyacophila braaschi Malicky & Kumanski, 1976 Published locality: KUMANSKI & MALICKY (1976) - 68d: 4 MM Rhyacophila denticulifera Kumanski, 1986 Published localities: KUMANSKI (1971) - 37a: 1 M (as Rh. furcifera Klap.); KUMANSKI (1975) 49c: 3 MM; 68i: 4 MM (all as Rh. furcifera Klap.); KUMANSKI & MALICKY (1976) - 43b: 5 MM, 1 F; 50a: 1 F; 52: 4 MM, 1 F (all as Rh. furcifera Klap.); MALICKY (2005) - 83a: 11 MM, 5 FF; 83b: 7 MM; 83c: 1 M; 83f: 11 MM, 2 FF New locality: 49b: 1 M Rhyacophila fasciata Hagen, 1859 Published localities: KUMANSKI (1971) - 12a: 1 M; NOVAK (1971) - 3a: 2 MM; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 32a: 2 MM, 1 F; MALICKY (2005) - 91: 1 M; 92: 48 MM, 17 FF; 93a: 1 M New localities: 15: 1 M; 25a: 5 MM; 32b: 1 M Rhyacophila fischeri Botosaneanu, 1957 1 Published locality: MALICKY (2005) - 94: 2 MM Rhyacophila laevis Pictet, 1834 Published locality: 50b: 5 MM 1
KUMANSKI (2004) presents this species’ distribution in the Eastern Rhodopes Mts. with 8 localities, all of them in the Greek part of the mountain. In fact, the species was already published for the Bulgarian part (KUMANSKI, 1979b), but further on omitted by KUMANSKI (2004). Following 3 localities must be correspondingly added to the last paper: Loc. Nr. 24: 5 pupae (MM, FF); Loc. Nr. 25: 2 MM pupae; Loc. 25a: Uzundere Brook, 10 km E of Zlatograd, ca. 450 m alt., 2 MM. The last mentioned locality remained not mapped in KUMANSKI (2004); it is situated between locs. Nr.Nr. 24 and 25, which are indicated there.
Trichoptera
591
Rhyacophila loxias Schmid, 1970 Published localities: MALICKY (2005) - 87: 2 MM; 92: 2 MM ** Rhyacophila mocsaryi Klapalek, 1898 New localities: 42c: 1 M, 1 F; 50b: 1 M Rhyacophila nubila (Zetterstedt, 1840) Published localities: BOTOSANEANU & SYKORA (1963) - 58: numerous MM and FF pupae; 68b: numerous MM and FF pupae; 68c: numerous MM and FF pupae; 76: numerous MM and FF pupae; NOVAK (1971) - 27a: 3 MM; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 30a: 9 MM., 5 FF; 38i: 1 M; 59a: 1 F; 67b: 1 M, 1 F; MALICKY (2005) - 86: 2 FF; 90: 1 M; 92: 2 MM New localities: 32a: 1 M, 1 F; 36a: 1 M; 46: 1 F; 47b: 1 M Rhyacophila obliterata Mclachlan, 1884 Published localities: BOTOSANEANU & SYKORA (1963) - 68b: 1 M pupa; KUMANSKI (1971) - 22e: numerous praepupae and pupae; 39a: 2 MM; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 22d: numerous praepupae and pupae; 26: 5 MM, 1 F; 45c: 5 MM; 49c: 2 MM pupae; 66b: numerous pupae; 67q: 1 M New localities: 33: 2 MM, 1 F; 36a: 15 MM, 5 FF; 44: 9 MM, 1 M pupa; 45a:1 M Rhyacophila obtusa Klapalek, 1894 Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 56: 1 M; 67l: 8 MM, 2 FF; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 67m: 2MM, 2 FF; KUMANSKI & MALICKY (1976) - 43c: 8 MM; Malicky (2005) - 83a: 10 MM, 2 FF; 83c: 3 MM; 83d: 34 MM, 2 FF New localities: 45b: 1 M; 50a: 1 M; 61a: 1 M Rhyacophila polonica McLachlan, 1879 Published localities: KUMANSKI (1969) - 29b: 4 MM, 1 F; 56: 1 М; 51а: 5 ММ, 2 FF; 69б: 3 ММ; NOVAK (1971) - 68а: 1 М; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 49a: 1 M; 67k: 12 MM, 2 FF, 3 larvae, 5 praepupae, 4 pupae New locality: 22f: 1 M Rhyacophila tristis Pictet, 1834 Published localities: BURESCH (1939) - 59f: imagines; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 23b: 4 MM, 2 FF; 37a: 4 MM; 49a: 1 M; 59b: 1 M; 59c: 1 M; 59d: 11 MM, 3 FF; 67k: 2 MM, 1 F; MALICKY (2005) - 84b: 1 F; 90: 11 MM, 5 FF GLOSSOSOMATIDAE Agapetus delicatulus McLachlan, 1884 Published locality: MALICKY (2005) - 91: 1 F Agapetus laniger (Pictet, 1834) Published locality: MALICKY (2005) - 91: 1 M, 3 FF Agapetus ochripes Curtis, 1834 Published locality: MALICKY (2005) - 90: 1 M Synagapetus iridipennis McLachlan, 1879 Published localities: BOTOSANEANU (1956) - 12b: 2 MM and 2 FF pupae, 3 empty cases; NOVAK (1971) - 67l: 1 M; MALICKY (2005) - 83d: 33 MM, 11 FF; 89a: 1 M
592
K. KUMANSKI
Synagapetus slavorum (Botosaneanu, 1960) Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 29b: 1 M (as Agapetus slavorum Bots.); KUMANSKI (1973) - 39b: 5 FF, 3 larvae, 3 MM pupae (as Agapetus slavorum Bots.); MALICKY (2005) - 92: 1 M New locality: 36a: 3 MM, 6 FF Glossosoma discophorum Klapalek, 1902 Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 21: 2 MM pupae; 68a: 2 MM; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 68h: 1 M, 1 F pupa, 3 praepupae Glossosoma intermedium (Klapalek, 1892) Published locality: KUMANSKI (1975a) - 49a: 1 M pupa, 4-5 empty pupal cases (as Synafophora intermedia Klap.) New locality: 1b: 1 M, 2 FF pupae HYDROPTILIDAE Hydroptila angulifera Kumanski, 1974 Published localities: KUMANSKI (1974) - 36b: 3 MM, 1 F pupae, 16 empty pupal cases; 36c: 18 MM, 1 F, 15 pupae (8 MM, 7 FF) Hydroptila ivisa Malicky, 1972 Published locality: KUMANSKI (1975a) – 36c: 1 M pupa Hydroptila kalonichtis Malicky, 1972 Published locality: KUMANSKI (1972) - 36b: 1 M pupa (as Hydroptila bureschi nov. sp.) Hydroptila occulta Eaton, 1873 Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 67 l: 4 MM; KUMANSKI (1975) - 67k: 2 MM, 1 F Hydroptila simulans Mosely, 1920 Published locality: MALICKY (2005) - 91: 23 MM, 57 FF Hydroptila sparsa Curtis, 1834 Published locality: MALICKY (2005) - 92: 1 M, 2 FF Hydroptila taurica Martynov, 1934 Published localities: MALICKY (2005) - 91: 14 MM, 42 FF; 92: 3 MM, 11 FF Hydroptila tineoides Dalman, 1819 Published localities: KUMANSKI (1975a) - 25b: 1 M, 1 F; MALICKY (2005) - 91: 1 M, 7 FF Hydroptila vectis Curtis, 1834 Published locality: Malicky (2005) - 91: 10 FF Microptila minutissima Ris, 1897 Published localities: KUMANSKI (1975a) - 36f: 1 F; 43d: abundant (22 MM and 19 FF collected) Oxyethira delcourti Jacquemart, 1973 Published localities: MALICKY (2005) - 91: 98 FF; 92: 1 M, 3 FF
Trichoptera
593
Oxyethira falcata Morton, 1893 Published localities: KUMANSKI (1979a) - 7a: 5 MM, 1 F; 7c: 1 F; MALICKY (2005) - 91: 1 F; 99: 6 MM Stactobia caspersi Ulmer, 1950 Published locality: KUMANSKI (1975a) - 43d: 2 MM (not 2 FF as published!) PHILOPOTAMIDAE Philopotamus montanus Donovan, 1813 Published localities: RADOVANOVIC (1953) - 12c: 1 F; KUMANSKI (1969) - 59e: 3 MM; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 26: 5 MM, 2 pupae, 2 larvae; 66a: 1 larva; 68e: 1 F; NOVAK (1971) - 27a: numerous adults; 29b: numerous adults; 51a: numerous adults; 68a: numerous adults; MALICKY (2005) - 84b: 3 FF; 85: 1 F; 88: 4 MM, 4 FF; 89a: 2 MM, 1 F; 89b: 2 MM; 89c: 4 MM, 3 FF; 90: 14 MM, 9 FF; 91: 19 MM, 3 FF New localities: 36a: 2 MM; 43c: 1 M; 57b: 2 MM; 61b: 1 F Philopotamus variegatus (Skopoli, 1763) Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 51a: 2 MM; 68a: 4 MM, 1 F; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 49a: 5 MM; MALICKY (2005) - 83f: 1 M; 86: 8 MM; 93a: 1 F New locality: 42c: 2 MM Wormaldia bulgarica Novak, 1971 Published localities: KUMANSKI (1975a) – 68 l: 6 MM, 3 FF (as W. khourmai bulgarica Novak); KUMANSKI & MALICKY (1976) - 43c: 1 M; MALICKY (2005) - 83a: 24 MM, 2 FF; 83b: 2 MM; 83d: 1 M; 83f: 1 M; 84b: 1 M; 84d: 1 M; 84e: 10 MM, 1 F New localities: 50a: 1 F; 52: 1 M Wormaldia charalambi Malicky, 1980 Published locality: MALICKY (2005) - 94: 2 MM, 4 FF Wormaldia occipitalis Pictet, 1834 Published localities: KUMANSKI (1975a) - 43d: 1 M, 1 F (as W. occipitalis occipitalis); Malicky (2005) - 87: 2 MM New localities: 14: 2 MM, 2 FF; 45b: 2 MM Wormaldia subnigra McLachlan, 1865 Published locality: MALICKY (2005) - 91: 3 MM, 1 F POLYCENTROPODIDAE Cyrnus trimaculatus Curtis, 1834 Published localities: KUMANSKI (1975a) - 67q: abundant; 67x: abundant (6 MM collected); New localities: 4a: 2 MM, 2 FF; 7a: 1 F Plectrocnemia brevis McLachlan, 1871 Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 32a: 1 M, 2 FF; 37b: 2 MM; 67 l: 1 M; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 41a: 1 M; 42b: 1 M; 63a: 1 M, 1 F; 68f: 1 M Plectrocnemia conspersa Curtis, 1834 Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 18: 1 M, 1 F; 55: 8 MM, 1 F, 1 M pupa; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 23a: 1 larva; 32a: 2 FF; 37a: 1 F; 43a: 1 F; 67k: 1 M; 67n: 1 larva; 67o: 1 larva; 67p: 1 larva; MALICKY (2005) - 91: 1 M New locality: 15: 1 larva
594
K. KUMANSKI Polycentropus excisus Klapalek, 1894 Published localities: MALICKY (2005) - 91: 3 MM, 3 FF; 92: 15 MM, 6 FF New locality: 38a: 1 M (rests of a body, near a lamp)
Polycentropus f lavomaculatus Pictet, 1834 Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 22c: 12 MM, 5 FF; 27a: 1 M; KUMANSKI (1975b) - 25b: 2 MM; 30a: 5 MM; 32a: abundant (19 MM and 9 FF collected at light); MALICKY (2005) - 86: 4 MM, 3 FF; 90: 21 MM, 2 FF; 95: 1 F New locality: 7a: 1 M Polycentropus ierapetra septentrionalis Kumanski, 1986 Published localities: MALICKY (2005) - 91: 2 MM; 92: 6 MM, 11 FF New locality: 57a: 4 MM Polycentropus irroratus Curtis, 1835 Published locality: KUMANSKI (1975b) - 7a: 1 M PSYCHOMYIIDAE Lype phaeopa Stephens, 1836 Published locality: MALICKY (2005) - 96: 1 M Lype reducta (Hagen, 1868) Published localities: KUMANSKI (1975b) - 7a: 1 M; 7c: 1 M Psychomyia pusilla Fabricius, 1781 Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 22c: 1 F; 27a: 1 F; KUMANSKI (1971) - 28a: 7 MM; 60: 1 M, 2 FF; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 25b: 2 MM; 29a: abundant FF (at light) 30a: 1 M; 39b: 1 M; MALICKY (2005) - 95: 18 MM, 65 FF; 100: 1 M New localities: 5: 1 M, 1 F; 6a: 3 MM, 3 FF; 7a: 7 MM, 13 FF; 7b: 5 MM, 1 F; 7c: 2 MM, 1 F; 25a: 1 F Tinodes kimminsi Sykora, 1960 Published localities: BOTOSANEANU (1965) - “Central Rhodopes”, preliminar communication on material published later on by NOVAK (1971); NOVAK (1971) - 29b: 4 MM, 2 FF; 51a: 1 M; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 68i: 4 MM, 3 FF Tinodes pallidulus McLachlan, 1878 Published localities: BOTOSANEANU (1965) - 68j: 8 MM, 2 FF; 18b: 1 M, 1 F (as T. manni McL.); KUMANSKI (1975a) - 77: 1 M, 2 FF pupae (as T. manni McL.); MALICKY (2005) - 91: 4 MM, 6 FF Tinodes unicolor Pictet, 1834 Published locality: KUMANSKI (1975a) - 43d: 10 MM, 1 F Tinodes unidentatus Klapalek, 1894 Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 3a: 3 MM; 18b: 1 F; 27a: 1 M, 1 F; 51a: 8 MM, 1 F; 67 l: 16 MM, 6 FF; 68a: 1 M; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 23a: 2 MM, 3 FF; 30a: 5 MM, 1 F; 37a: 1 M, 1 F; 67k: 1 M New locality: 2a: 2 MM, 2 FF
Trichoptera
595
HYDROPSYCHIDAE Cheumatopsyche lepida Pictet, 1834 Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 29b: 1 M; 30b: 1 M; 68a: 1 M; MALICKY (2005) - 91: 790 MM, 160 FF; 95: 1 M Diplectrona atra McLachlan, 1878 Published locality: MALICKY (2005) – 93a: 1 M, 3 FF * Hydropsyche angustipennis Curtis, 1834 New localities: 7a: 1 M, 1 F; 69c: 1 M Hydropsyche bulbifera McLachlan, 1878 Published locality: MALICKY (2005) - 91: 8 MM New localities: 5: 1 M; 6a: 6b: 1 M. 2 FF; 1 F; 6c: 4 MM, 1 F; 6d: 1 M; 7b: 1 M; 61b: 1 M Hydropsyche contubernalis McLachlan, 1865 Published localities: KUMANSKI (1975b) - 4a: 1 M; 6a: 1 F; 7d: 1 M; MALICKY (2005) - 95: 4 MM, 99 FF Hydropsyche emarginata Navas, 1923 Published locality: KUMANSKI (1975a) - 25b: 1 M (as H. tjederi Bots. & Marink.) Hydropsyche incognita Pitsch, 1993 Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 68a: 1 F (as H. pellucidula Curt.); KUMANSKI (1975a) - 28a: 2 MM pupae; 59a: 1 M; 61c: 1 M (all as H. pellucidula Curt.); MALICKY (2005) - 91: 2 MM; 95: 4 MM, 50 FF New localities: 2а: 1 М; 4а: 1 М; 5: 2 ММ, 2 FF; 8: 2 ММ; 16: 3 ММ, 5 FF; 42а: 1 М; 46: 1 М, 2 FF; 57а: 3 ММ Hydropsyche instabilis Curtis, 1834 Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 27a: 3 MM, 5 FF; 29b: 3 MM, 4 FF; 51a: 3 MM, 3 FF; 68a: 2 MM, 4 FF; KUMANSKI (1972) - 38b: 2 MM; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 30a: 1 M, 2 FF; 32a: 3 MM, 4 FF; 67b: 1 M, 29 FF; MALICKY (2005) - 91: 12 MM, 100 FF; 93b: 40 MM; 97: 1 M, 8 FF New localities: 2a: 6 MM, 3 FF; 42b: 21 MM, 1 F; 61b: very abundant (ca. 200 MM and 65 FF collected); 61d: 7 MM, 9 FF; 63a: abundant (107 MM and 24 FF collected); 63b: 6 MM, 7 FF Hydropsyche modesta Navas, 1834 Published localities: KUMANSKI & BOTOSANEANU (1974) - 7c: 1 M (as H. dissimulata nov. sp.) New localities: 4c: 1 F; 6b: 24 MM, 6 FF; 7a: 2 FF Hydropsyche peristerica Botosaneanu & Marinkovic, 1966 Published localities: KUMANSKI (1975a) - 37a: 1 M; 67k: 1 M, 1 F; 67 o: 6 MM, 3 FF, 1 M pupa; 67x: 1 M pupa (all as H. fulvipes Curt.); MALICKY (2005) - 92: 1 M New locality: 50b: 3 MM, 3 FF Hydropsyche tabacarui Botosaneanu, 1960 Published locality: KUMANSKI (1985) 2 - 52: 1 M 2
Kumanski (op.cit.) announces this single locality in the Rhodopes Mts. only on the corresponding map of distribution (i.e. on Fig. 94 G). The exact data (place, date and material available) are first given in the present paper.
596
K. KUMANSKI
New localities: 2c: 2 pupae; 2d: 1 larva; 2e: 1 larva; 30e: 6 larvae; 36d: very abundant (167 larvae and 81 larvulae collected); 36e: 1 F pupa; 42a: 9 MM, 1 F; 50c: 16 larvae PHRYGANEIDAE Agrypnia varia Fabricius, 1793 Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 67f: 1 F; 67w: 1 F; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 37b: 1 M, 1 F; Kumanski (1975a) - 67b: 1 M, 1 F; 67g: 1 larvula Oligotricha striata (Linnaeus, 1758) Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 67f: 2 MM, 8 FF; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 67h: 3 larvulae; 67y: 1 M (both as Trichostegia minor Curt.) BRACHYCENTRIDAE Brachycentrus montanus Klapalek, 1892 Published localities: KUMANSKI (1975a) - 26: 2 empty cases; 49a: 3 larvulae New localities: 30e: 3 larvae; 49d: 2 larvae, 14 pupae (MM and FF); 49e: 1 M Micrasema minimum McLachlan, 1876 Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 57a: 1 M; 67 l: 2 MM, 1 F; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 26: 2 empty cases (as Micrasemodes minimus McL.); 35a: 2 larvae (as Micrasemodes minimus McL.); 39b: 1 empty case (as Micrasemodes minimus McL.); 43a: 5 MM, 3 FF (as Micrasemodes minimus McL.); MALICKY (2005) - 86: 3 MM, 4 FF; 98: 5 MM New localities: 2b: abundant (11 MM and 4 FF collected); 3b: 6 MM, 1 F, 2 pupae; 30e: 65 larvae; 42a: 1 M; 50a: 2 MM, 2 FF ** Oligoplectrum maculatum (Fourcroy, 1785) New locality: 30e: 1 pupal empty case LEPIDOSTOMATIDAE Crunoecia monospina Botosaneanu, 1960 Published locality: KUMANSKI (1988) - 13: 2 MM Lepidostoma basale (Kolenati, 1848) Published localities: BOTOSANEANU & SYKORA (1963) - 75: 1 M pupa (as Lasiocephala basalis Kol.); BOTOSANEANU (1965) - 28b: 1 M, 4 FF (as Lasiocephala basalis Kol.); NOVAK (1971) - 27a: 20 MM, 9 FF; 27b: 1 M; 29b: 3 MM, 10 FF; 31: 1 F; 68a: 1 F (all as Lasiocephala basalis Kol.); KUMANSKI (1975a) - 67c: 1 M (as Lasiocephala basalis Kol.) New locality: 2a: 2 MM, 4 FF UENOIDAE Thremma anomalum McLachlan, 1876 Published localities: BOTOSANEANU (1961) - 17: adults; BOTOSANEANU (1965) - 12a: 5 Pupae (1 M), 9 praepupae and larvae; NOVAK (1971) - 18a: 3 MM; 67w: 1 M; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 22a: 3 larvae; 37a: 4 MM, 6 pupae, 2 larvae; 37b: 1 M; 49a: 1 M; MALICKY (2005) - 83f: 1 M; 84e: 1 M GOERIDAE Goera pilosa Fabricius, 1775 Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 24d: 1 M, 2 FF; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 30b: 1 M, 1 F; MALICKY (2005) - 91: 4 MM, 2 FF; 95: 1 M; 100: 1 M
Trichoptera
597
Silo graellsi E. Pictet, 1865 Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 18b: 1 M, 3 FF; 68а: 1 М; 68I: 1 M New locality: 1b: 4 MM and 1 F pupae, 3 praepupae, 1 larva Silo pallipes Fabricius, 1781 Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 3a: 1 M; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 49a: 3 MM and 1 F pupae, 3 empty cases Silo piceus Brauer, 1857 Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 22c: 3 MM, 1 F; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 22b: 2 MM; 23c: 1 M; 32a: 1 M, 2 FF; MALICKY (2005) - 86a: 15 MM, 3 FF; 90: 5 MM, 1 F LIMNEPHILIDAE DRUSINAE Drusus botosaneanui Kumanski, 1968 Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 18b: 21 MM, 9 FF; 55: 4 MM, 2 FF; 68a: 1 M (all as Drusus tenellus Klap.); KUMANSKI (1973b) - 67b: 1 M, 2 FF; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 22a: 3 MM, 2 FF; 23a: 2 MM; 23b: 2 MM, 1 F; 37b: 10 MM; 49a: 2 MM; 67c: 1 F; 67k: 1 M; 67q: 1 F; MALICKY (2005) – 83d: 5 MM, 8 FF New localities: 24c: 3 MM, 1 F; 39c: 1 M; 41a: 1 F; 42b: 5 MM, 1 F; 48: 12 MM; 61b: 3 MM Drusus discolor Rambur, 1842 Published locality: KUMANSKI & MALICKY (1976) - 43b: 1 M Drusus discophorus rhodopaeus Kumanski, 1989 Published locality: KUMANSKI & MALICKY (1976) - 43b: 1 M; 43c: 2 MM, 1 F; 50a: 1 F (as D. discophorus Rad. ssp.?) Ecclisopteryx dalecarlica Kolenati, 1848 Published localities: BOTOSANEANU (1965) - 51b: 1 M (as E. guttulata dalecarlica Kol.); NOVAK (1971) - 68h: 1 M (as E. guttulata dalecarlica Kol.); KUMANSKI (1975a) - 39d: 1 M, 1 F; 49a: 9 MM (all as E. guttulata dalecarlica Kol.) New localities: 9: 1 F; 42a: 2 MM LIMNEPHILIDAE LIMNEPHILINAE LIMNEPHILINI Grammotaulius nigropunctatus (Retzius, 1783) Published locality: Kumanski & Malicky (1976) - 43b: 1 F Limnephilus affinis Curtis, 1834 Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 55: 3 MM, 3 FF; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 24a: 11 MM, 8 FF; 56: 1 F; 65: 2 MM; 67b: 1 F; 67d: 1 M; 67e: 2 MM; KUMANSKI & MALICKY (1976) - 43c: 1 F; MALICKY (2005) - 84d: 1 M; 87: 1 M New localities: 14: 1 F; 48: 1 M, 2 FF; 51d: 1 M, 1 F; 61b: 5 MM, 5 FF; 61e: 3 MM, 9 FF; 61f: 3 MM, 1 F; 63a: 4 MM; 63b: 4 MM, 1 F Limnephilus auricula Curtis, 1834 Published localities: KUMANSKI (1975a) - 67r: 2 MM; 67v: 1 M; 68d: 1 F New locality: 14: 2 MM, 2 FF
598
K. KUMANSKI
Limnephilus bipunctatus Curtis, 1834 Published localities: KLAPALEK (1895) - 41b: adults; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 22b: 13 MM, 14 FF, 4 pupae, 6 larvae; 65: 1 M; 67u: 2 MM, 1 F: New localities: 14: 1 M; 32b: 1 F; 48: 1 M Limnephilus centralis Curtis, 1834 Published localities: KUMANSKI (1971) - 67I: 1 M; NOVAK (1971) - 18b: 2 MM, 2 FF; 55: 9 MM, 7 FF; 67f: 3 MM, 1 F; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 37c: 1 M; 67I: 1 M; 67j: 1 M, 1 F, 3 FF pupae, 1 larva; 67s: 3 larvae, 2 empty cases New localities: 41a: 1 M; 48: 2 MM, 1 F; 63a: 1 M; 63b: 1 M Limnephilus decipiens Kolenati, 1848 Published locality: KUMANSKI (1988) 3 - 48: 1 F Limnephilus extricatus McLachlan 1865 Published localities: KUMANSKI (1975a) - 32a: 2 FF; 37a: 1 M; 37b: 1 M, 1 F; 67b: 1 M; 67u: 1 M New localities: 24c: 8 MM, 1 F; 61f: 1 M; 63b: 1 M; 67k 2 FF Limnephilus f lavicornis (Fabricius, 1787) Published localities: BOTOSANEANU & SYKORA (1963) - 20b: 1 larva; 59g: 1 larva As far as this species is reported from the Rhodopes Mts. only after immature material, its occurrence in the mountain needs to be confirmed with following finding of adults. * Limnephilus griseus (Linnaeus, 1758) New localities: 48: 2 MM, 6 FF; 63b: 1 M, 2 FF Limnephilus hirsutus (Pictet, 1834) Published localities: KUMANSKI (1975a) - 24c: 1 M; 67a: 1 F New localities: 61f: 1 M; 63b: 2 MM Limnephilus ignavus McLachlan, 1865 Published locality: KUMANSKI (1988) - 30c: 1 F Limnephilus lunatus Curtis, 1834 Published localities: KLAPALEK (1894) - 40: adults; NOVAK (1971) - 55: 2 MM; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 32a: 2 FF New localities: 61d: 1 M; 61e: 1 M Limnephilus rhombicus (Linnaeus, 1758) Published localities: KUMANSKI (1968) - 1c: 1 F; NOVAK (1971) – 67w: 2 FF; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 37c: fragment (front wing) of a M; 37d: abundant larvae; 67a: 1 M, 1 F; 67g: 1 larva; 67h: abundant larvae; 67k: 1 F pupa, 5 larvae; 67s: 3 larvae; 67t: 1 larva Limnephilus sparsus Curtis, 1834 Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 55: 9 MM, 9 FF; 18b: 3 MM, 2 FF; KUMANSKI (1975a) 23c: 1 M; 67k: 1 M, 2 FF; KUMANSKI & MALICKY (1976) - 51c: 1 F New localities: 24a: 2 MM; 48: 1 M; 61b: 4 FF; 61e: 1 M; 63b: 2 MM, 1 F; 63c: 4 MM, 1 F 3
KUMANSKI (op.cit.) announces this single locality in the Rhodopes Mts. only on the corresponding map of distribution (i.e. on Fig. 44 B). The exact data (place, date and material available) are first given in the present paper.
Trichoptera
599
Limnephilus stigma Curtis, 1834 Published localities: KUMANSKI (1968) - 19b: 3 MM, 2 FF; NOVAK (1971) - 67w: 1 M, 1 F; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 37a: 1 F Limnephilus subcentralis Brauer, 1857 Published locality: KUMANSKI (1975b) - 19a: 1 M 4 Limnephilus vittatus (Fabricius, 1798) Published localities: KLAPALEK (1895) - 41b: adults; NOVAK (1971) - 55: 1 F; KUMANSKI (1975a) 65: 1 M New localities: 10a: 1 F; 25a: 1 M Rhadicoleptus alpestris macedonicus Botosaneanu & Riedel, 1965 Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 18a: 1 M; 55: 3 MM, 5 FF; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 65: 2 MM
LIMNEPHILIDAE STENOPHYLACINI Allogamus uncatus Brauer, 1857 Published localities: KUMANSKI (1993) - 49b: 1 M; MALICKY (2005) - 87: 1 M; 83e: 1 M, 2 FF Halesus digitatus (Schrank, 1781) Published localities: BOTOSANEANU & SYKORA (1963) - 70: 1 M pupa; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 24a: 3 MM; 24c: 1 M, 5 FF; 67r: 1 M; 69a: 1 F New localities: 14: 1 F; 63c: 1 F Halesus tesselatus Rambur, 1842 Published localities: KUMANSKI (1975a) - 10b: 1 M, 1 F; KUMANSKI (1979) - 25a: 1 F Micropterna caesareica Schmid, 1959 Published locality: KUMANSKI (1975b) - 24a: 1 F New locality: 48: 1 M Micropterna fissa McLachlan, 1875 Published localities: KUMANSKI (1972a) - 72: 1 M; BOTOSANEANU (1974) - 64: 1 teratologic F Micropterna lateralis (Stephens, 1837) Published locality: KUMANSKI (1983) - 48: 1 M Micropterna nycterobia McLachlan, 1875 Published localities: GUEORGUIEV & BERON (1962) - 81: 1 M; KUMANSKI (1972a) - 34a: 3 MM, 6 FF; 64b: 1 M; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 59a: 1 M; 63a: 1 M, 1 F; 67b: 10 MM, 8 FF; 67d: 5 MM, 2 FF; 67e: 1 M, 3 FF; 67k 1 M New localities: 24a: 7 M; 38g: 2 MM, 1 F; 41a: 1 M; 53: 1 M, 2 FF; 63a: 1 F; 71: 1 M; 73: 1 M; 78: 1 F;
4
The habitat in which this specimen originated had been dramatically changed after the Batak Swamp being dammed in the middle of previous century. In all the following collecting activities throughout the country, this species has not been established anymore, thus it could be quite probably referred to the category of the extinct caddisflies in Bulgaria.
600
K. KUMANSKI
Micropterna sequax McLachlan, 1875 Published localities: RADOVANOVIC (1953) - 62: adults; BERON & GUEORGUIEV (1967) - 82: 1 M; NOVAK (1971) - 55: 1 M; KUMANSKI (1972a) - 34a: 8 MM; 54d: 1 M; KUMANSKI (1975a) 32a: 1 F; 67b: 1 M; BERON (1994) - 34c: 1 F; MALICKY (2005) - 97: 2 MM, 3 FF New localities: 24c: 7 MM, 12 FF; 41a: 5MM, 5 FF; 61b: 1 M, 1 F; 63a: 1 M; 71: 1 M; 74: 1 M ** Micropterna testacea Gmelin, 1788 New locality: 54d: 1 М The specimen from the above mentioned locality was erroneously determined and published (Kumanski, 1972a) as M. sequax McL. Thus, this is the first announced find of the latter in the Rhodopes Mts. Potamophylax borislavi Kumanski, 1975 Published localities: KUMANSKI (1975c) - 69a: 1 M; KUMANSKI (1975 a) - 63c: 1 M; MALICKY (2005) - 87: 2 MM Note: Except in the Rhodopes Mts., one more locality of this species was recently established: Rila Mts., Slavova River above Chaira Dam, 1350 m alt., 22-23.8.1997, 1 M (at light). The latter is situated in the North-Eastern branch of the Rila Mts. (which, been territorially very close and geologically quite similar to the North-Western region of the Rhodopes Mts. on its turn, was considered until recently a portion of the latter). The species is obviously among the rarest caddisflies, and a quite probable endemic in the Rila-and-Rhodopean part of the vast mountain system in the Eastern portion of the Balkan Peninsula, occupying a great deal of its Rhodopean geographic Province (after the not realized DSci. Dissertation of GUEORGUIEV (1976). Potamophylax cingulatus Stephens, 1837 Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 18b: 1 M (as P. latipennis Curt.); KUMANSKI (1975 a) - 22a: abundant MM and FF pupae; 67b: 2 MM New localities: 24a: 1 M; 24b: 31 MM, 1 F; 36a: 1 F; 42b: 3 MM, 1 F; 45a: 2 FF; 49b: 3 MM; 61b: 2 MM, 3 FF; 63c: 1 M; 68f: 1 M Potamophylax latipennis (Curtis, 1834) Published locality: KUMANSKI (1975a) - 20a: 1 M, 1 F New localities: 41a: 1 M, 1 F; 42a: 2 MM, 1 F; 44: 1 M; 61a: 5 MM, 4 FF; 61e: 9 MM, 1 F; 63a: 1 F Potamophylax nigricornis (Pictet, 1834) Published localities: KUMANSKI (1971) - 39e: 1 M, 1 F; NOVAK (1971) - 18b: 3 MM, 4 FF; 67 l: 2 MM, 2 FF; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 37a: 1 F Stenophylax meridiorientalis Malicky, 1980 Published localities: BURESCH (1936) - 12c: adults; 12d: adults; 54a: adults; 62: adults (all as S. speluncarum McL.); BERON & GUEORGUIEV (1967) - 12e: 2 MM; 12f: 1 M, 1 F; 12h: 2 MM; 54b: 1 M (all as S. vibex speluncarum McL.); KUMANSKI (1972a) - 34a: 1 M; (as S. vibex speluncarum McL.); BERON (1994) - 79: adults; MALICKY (2005) - 89a: 1 F; 97: 2 MM New localities: 12g: 1 M, 3 FF; 24a: 3 FF; 24e: 2 MM, 2 FF; 34e: 1 M; 38c: 1 F; 38e: 2 FF; 38h: 1 M; 54c: 1 M; 63d: 1 M, 1 F; 80: 1 M * Stenophylax mtis McLachlan, 1875 Published locality: MALICKY (2005) - 97: 1 M, 1 F New localities: 38f: 1 M; 38g: 1 F
Trichoptera
601
Stenophylax permistus McLachlan, 1875 Published localities: Buresch (1936) - 54a: adults; BERON & GUEORGUIEV (1967) - 80: 1 M LIMNEPHILIDAE CHAETOPTERYGINI Chaetopterygopsis sisestii Botosaneanu, 1961 Published localities: KUMANSKI (1971) - 39f: 4 MM, 2 FF; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 68g: 1 M, 1 F; KUMANSKI (1988) - 35b: 1 F; 36a: 4 MM, 3 FF Chaetopteryx bosniaca Marinkovic, 1955 Published localities: KUMANSKI (1975a) - 67r: 1 F; KUMANSKI (1979b) - 14: 4 MM (as Ch. cissylvanica Bots.) Chaetopteryx stankovici Marinkovic, 1966 Published localities: KUMANSKI (1971) - 30d: 2 MM, 2 FF; 39f 1 F; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 67r: 1 M, 1 F; 68g: 1 M, 1 F; MALICKY (2005) - 87: 6 MM New locality: 45b: 1 M Psilopteryx montanus Kumanski, 1968 Published locality: KUMANSKI (1983) - 44: 1 M; MALICKY (2005) - 83b: 7 MM, 7 FF; 83e: 41 MM, 31 FF; 87: 4 MM, 1 F New locality: 1d: 1 M and 1 F pupae LEPTOCERIDAE Adicella balcanica Botosaneanu & Novak, 1965 Published locality: BOTOSANEANU & NOVAK (1965) - 68a: 3 MM, 1 F; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 67x: 2 MM, 1 F Adicella filicornis (Pictet, 1834) Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 67 l: 12 MM, 7 FF; 68a: 1 F; KUMANSKI & MALICKY (1976) - 43b: 1 M Adicella syriaca Ulmer, 1907 Published locality: KUMANSKI (1975a) - 29c: 8 MM, 1 F Athripsodes albifrons (Linnaeus, 1758) Published localities: KUMANSKI (1988) - 57a: 1 M, 1 F; MALICKY (2005) - 91: 2 MM Athripsodes bilineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 22c: 1 M; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 30a: 1 M; 32a: 1 M, 1 F; MALICKY (2005) - 91: 1 M; 92: 1 M Ceraclea dissimilis (Stephens, 1836) Published locality: MALICKY (2005) - 95: 2 MM, 1 F Ceraclea riparia Albarda, 1874 Published locality: MALICKY (2005) - 95: 16 MM, 18 FF Mystacides azurea Linnaeus, 1761 Published localities: MALICKY (2005) - 89b: 1 F; 91: 1 M; 96: 2 MM
602
K. KUMANSKI Oecetis testacea Curtis, 1834 Published locality: MALICKY (2005) - 91: 1 F Oecetis tripunctata (Fabricius, 1793) Published locality: MALICKY (2005) - 95: 1 F HELICOPSYCHIDAE Helicopsyche bacescui Orghidan & Botosaneanu, 1953 Published locality: BOTOSANEANU (1956) - 11: 3 larvae, numerous empty cases BERAEIDAE Beraea maurus (Curtis, 1834) Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 67 l: 3 MM; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 36f: 5 MM
Beraea pullata (Curtis, 1834) Published localities: KUMANSKI (1975a) - 37a: 1 M; KUMANSKI & MALICKY (1976) - 43c: 5 MM, 12 FF Beraeamyia hrabei Mayer, 1937 Published locality: NOVAK (1971) - 68a: 1 M, 1 F SERICOSTOMATIDAE Oecismus monedula (Hagen, 1859) Published localities: KUMANSKI (1971) - 39e: 1 M; NOVAK (1971) - 3a: 1 M; 18b: adults; 67 l: adults; 68a: adults; KUMANSKI (1975a) - 37a: 1 M; 39b: 1 M; 67b: 7 MM; 67k: 6 MM, 1 F; 68I: 1 M; MALICKY (2005) - 91: 7 MM, 3 FF; 92: 4 MM, 4 FF; 97: 13 MM, 3 FF New localities: 1b: 1 pupa; 41a: 1 M; 61b: 4 MM; 61f: 1 M Sericostoma f lavicorne Schneider, 1845 5 Published localities: NOVAK (1971) - 68a: 1 M; KUMANSKI (1983) - 34d: 1 M (dried specimen); MALICKY (2005) - 95: 1 F New locality: 61f: 1 M, 1 F: ODONTOCERIDAE Odontocerum hellenicum Malicky, 1972 Published localities: BOTOSANEANU & SYKORA (1963) - 68b: 1 pupa, several empty cases (as O. albicorne Scop.); NOVAK (1971) - 27b: 1 M; 33a: 1 M; 67 l: 6 MM, 4 FF, 2 pupae; 68a: 1 M (all as O. albicorne Scop.); MALICKY (2005) - 83d: 1 M; 91: 3 MM; 92: 2 MM New localities: 23b: 2 MM; 42b: 1 M, 2 FF; 47a: 1 M; 61b: 18 MM, 1 F; 65: 1 M; 66a: 2 empty cases; 67b: 1 M, 3 FF; 67u: 2 empty cases
5
MALICKY (2005) gives this species from Greece as Sericostoma “flavicorne” Schneider 1845. I accept the opinion of this author concerning the difficult and not cleared so far taxonomic state of this taxon, and the possibility of discovery of several very close to each other as a result of a future revision. This notwithstanding, I prefer to use here a specific name, relying on the evident homogeneity of material from Bulgaria I have determined.
Trichoptera
603
Ecological, biological and phenological notes on the Trichoptera of the Western Rhodopes As it was already pointed out, the Western Rhodopes is a mountain with quite a different appearance if compared with the Eastern Rhodopes. It is a typical high mountain and the prevailing physiognomy of its fauna is of a far more Central European outlook than that of the Eastern Rhodopes, which is a Mediterranean one. This is well demonstrated by its freshwater fauna and by Trichoptera in particular. Dominating here are families of northern origin, first of all the Limnephilidae. Forty-two limnephilid species are established in the Western Rhodopes, which makes 30 % of the caddisflies there. The genus Limnephilus is largely represented, with 16 species, followed by Micropterna (6 species) etc. Rhyacophilidae, with its single genus Rhyacophila, is represented by 13 species out of the 20 ones known in Bulgaria, respectively of the 21 ones known in Greece. The origin of this family is in SE-Asia Many typical mountainous Trichoptera, which are absent in the Eastern Rhodopes, are established here. Such are, e.g., Drusinae, Chaetopterygini, the genera Rhadicoleptus, Allogamus, Halesus and Potamophylax (all of Limnephilidae), some Rhyacophila-species (armeniaca, braaschi, denticulifera, loxias, mocsaryi, polonica, tristis) as well as Thremma anomalum (Uenoidae) and Odontocerum hellenicum (Odontoceridae). Single Limnephilusspecies (centralis, subcentralis) could also be attached to that category. The immature stages of all caddisflies mentioned above are typical members of the mountain epi- and eurhithral, inhabiting various small or bigger torrents in the mountain from 700-800 to 1800 m a.s.l. As a rule, they are cool-adapted stenobionts, confined to constantly running cool water torrents, and most probably belong to the biome type of Dinodal (proposed by MALICKY, 1983; 2000). Contrary to Rila Mts. and Pirin Mts., the Rhodopes have remained free of glaciers during the Quaternary glacial epochs. Thus the Rhodopes lack in extreme cool-adapted glacial relicts. Some other small families, such as Phryganeidae, Brachycentridae and Lepidostomatidae are also presented in the Western Rhodopes, but their species have nothing to do with Dinodal. The representatives of the crenal – springs and the uppermost stretches of the spring brooks belong to another ecological type. They are also cool-adapted stenobiontic species, as Synagapetus iridipennis (Glossosomatidae), some of the Wormaldia spp. (Philopotamidae), all the lepidostomatids and the beraeids, and single leptocerids (Adicella balcanica, A. filicornis). Helicopsyche bacescui (Helicopsychidae), confined to very small, summer-dry brooklets, is among the very rare Trichoptera in the region. Somewhat similar type of torrents is inhabited by the representatives of the phenological and biospeleological type of the “regular trogloxenes”, composed of most of the Micropterna/Stenophylax- species. These species are adapted to spending the dry summer period in caves and similar niches with relatively low and constant temperature, as well as with suitable air humidity. The ontogenetic development is also connected with the environmental conditions: the adults emerge with undeveloped gonad’s products, the process of maturity takes place during the period of aestivation. They belong to the complex of the hyporhithral.
604
K. KUMANSKI
Together with the “regular trogloxenes” (tribe Stenophylacini), almost all the Limnephilini (most of the Limnephilus-species, Grammotaulius nigropunctatus), as well as several Rhyacophilidae (Rhyacophila fasciata, Rh. obliterata, and, to a certain extend Rh. nubila), several Hydroptilidae (Hydroptila angulifera, H. ivisa, H. kalonichtis), a good deal of the glossosomatids (Agapetus delicatulus, A. laniger, Glossosoma discophorum, Gl. intermedium), most of the polycentropodids (Plectrocnemia brevis, Pl. conspersa, Polycentropus flavomaculatus), some psychomyiids, some hydropsychids (Hydropsyche instabilis, H. peristerica), the pair of the sericostomatids (Oecismus monedula, Sericostoma flavicorne), Odontocerum hellenicum (Odontoceridae), some of the rheophilous Leptoceridae-species, such as Athripsodes bilineatus, Ceraclea dissimilis, C. riparia, etc., can be mentioned as inhabitants of the hyporhithral, too. This is the most numerous and mixed group in the Western Rhodopes. Of broadest ecological valency are the inhabitants of both the hyporhithral and the upper zone of the potamal. As a rule, the species here are largely spread in Europe, Europe and Siberia, Eurasia, or even larger territories. Some of the families and the genera are of NE-Asian origin, other ones – of tropical regions in SE Asia. The group of typical potamobionts is scarcely represented in the Western Rhodopes. This is due, above all, to the restricted availability of big plain torrents in that part of the Rhodopes. Besides the Mesta/Nestos River in the westernmost limits of the region, only the streams in the foothills offer suitable conditions to the representatives of the potamal. They are relatively numerous only in the Greek part, i.e. in the southernmost territories of the Western Rhodopes, where mountain massifs and low valleys often follow close to each other up to the Aegean Sea shore. Typical potamal inhabitants are, first of all, the hydropsychids Hydropsyche incognita, H. modesta, H. bulbifera, H. contubernalis and Cheumatopsyche lepida, Goera pilosa (Goeridae), some hydroptilids (Hydroptila sparsa), the leptocerids Oecetis tripunctata, Oe. testacea, etc. This group includes representatives of worldwide distribution, warm adapted families of SE-Asian (i.e. subtropical and tropical) origin. The last well formed group, though less numerous, is that of the more or less strict inhabitants of the limnal, i.e. the stagnant waters. The two groups of landslide lakes – the Trigrad- and the Chairski Lakes are the only biotopes for Agrypnia varia and Oligotricha striata (Phryganeidae). Several Limnephilus-species: L. rhombicus, L. extricatus, L. centralis, and L. subcentralis (the latter in Bulgaria probably extinct) also demonstrate preference to stagnant or to very slowly flowing waters. This group belongs to the biome type of Arboreal. Analytical review of the taxonomic composition of Trichoptera in the Rhodopes Mts. The taxa of Trichoptera on specific level found so far in the entire mountain number 159. The corresponding figure for the Eastern Rhodopes is 80 (KUMANSKI, 2004), and the one for the Western Rhodopes amounts to 135 species and subspecies (present paper). The numbers of the corresponding families, genera and species are presented in Table 3. Eighteen families out of the total 20 ones in the Rhodopes are established in the Western Rhodopes. Remarkable is the absence in the Eastern Rhodopes of the families Phryganeidae, Brachycentridae, Lepidostomatidae, Uenoidae, Odontoceridae and above all, Drusinae
Rhyacophilidae (1/13) Glossosomatidae (3/7) Hydroptilidae (4/12) Philopotamidae (2/6) Polycentropodidae (3/7) Psychomyiidae (3/7) — Hydropsychidae (3/11) Phryganeidae (2/2) Brachycentridae (3/3) Lepidostomatidae (2/2) Uenoidae (1/1) Limnephilidae Total (13/42), {Including Drusinae (2/4) Limnephilini (3/18) Stenophylacini (5/16) Chaetopterygini (3/4)} Goeridae (2/4) Leptoceridae (5/10) Helicopsychidae (1/1) Beraeidae (2/3) Sericostomatidae (2/2) Odontoceridae (1/1) —60 135
Rhyacophilidae (1/13) Glossosomatidae (3/8) Hydroptilidae (6/16) Philopotamidae (2/7) Polycentropodidae (3/7) Psychomyiidae (3/8) Ecnomidae (1/1) Hydropsychidae (3/15) Phryganeidae (2/2) Brachycentridae (3/3) Lepidostomatidae (2/2) Uenoidae (1/1) Limnephilidae Total (15/47), {Including Drusinae (2/4) Limnephilini (5/19) Stenophylacini (6/20) Chaetoptrerygini (3/4)} Goeridae (2/4) Leptoceridae (7/13) Helicopsychidae (1/1) Beraeidae (3/5) Sericostomatidae (2/2) Odontoceridae (1/1) Calamoceratidae (1/1) 62 159
Families (Nr. of Genera &Species)
Genera Species & Subspecies
Western Rhodopes
Whole Rhodopes
Taxa
T a b l e 3. Taxonomical composition of the Trichoptera in the Rhodopes Mts.
Rhyacophilidae (1/6) Glossosomatidae (3/5) Hydroptilidae (4/7) Philopotamidae (2/7) Polycentropodidae (2/3) Psychomyiidae (3/5) Ecnomidae (1/1) Hydropsychidae (3/12) ————Limnephilidae Total (6/18), {Including Drusinae (0/0) Limnephilini (3/9) Stenophylacini (3/9) Chaetopterygini (3/4)} Goeridae (1/1) Leptoceridae (7/9) Helicopsychidae (1/1) Beraeidae (3/3) Sericostomatidae (2/2) —Calamoceratidae (1/1) 40 80
Eastern Rhodopes
Trichoptera 605
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and Chaetopterygini from Limnephilidae. All these taxa include mainly cool adapted forms. Unlike this, Hydropsychidae, Psychomyiidae, Philopotamidae, Leptoceridae and several smaller families of southern origin are well represented in the Eastern Rhodopes. Zoogeographical notes Except for some notes on the zoogeography of Trichoptera from the Eastern Rhodopes (KUMANSKI, 2004), the only attempt towards a zoogeographical classification of the caddisflies in the Rhodopes appeared nearly 30 years ago (KUMANSKI, 1975a). This classification was based on a total of 96 species established exclusively in the Bulgarian part of the mountain at that time. Further on, although the paper was dealing with the fauna of the whole mountain, the available data from the Eastern Rhodopes were then very scanty. In some of my previous works (e.g. KUMANSKI, 1985; 2001; 2004) I have already emphasized the fact, that all zoogeographical speculations on Trichoptera (as well as on many other predominately rheophilous freshwater invertebrates) are still far from exhaustive, i.e. from a theoretically well defined concept. The ways of origin and following spreading of the main basic groups of Trichoptera in the freshwater basins throughout the world (if sufficiently known at all) are quite different than those of the terrestrial animals. Thus, the different categories used in this paper are created mainly after the chorological pattern of the species studied. So, e.g., a very few taxa only can be referred to the category “holopalearctic”; they are obligatory inhabitants of stagnant water bodies, and of broad ecological valency. Ecnomus tenellus (Ramb.) and Adicella syriaca Ulm. have been placed in this category, in spite of the fact that their distribution area includes also South Asia (i.e. Oriental region), thus making them trans-zonal rather than holopalearctic stricto sensu. Further on, a good number among the species placed in the category “West Palearctic” is not found in North Africa and their distinction from the species in the next category – “Euro-Siberian” – is not always clear or easy to be made. Further on again, a series of species from the category “European” is absent in T a b l e 4. Zoogeographical distribution of the species in the Rhodopes Mts. Zoogeographical categories
Whole Rhodopes Western Rhodopes
Holarctic Holopalearctic West-Palearctic Euro-Siberian Holoeuropean Central-South-European Central-South-East-European Holo- and East-Mediterranean Pontomediterranean Carpathian-Balkan Endemics of the Balkan Peninsula Endemics (local) of the Rhodopes Mts. Total:
3 6 26 11 38 15 11 7 7 13 19 3 159
3 5 20 11 33 15 10 6 4 11 13 3 135
Eastern Rhodopes 1 (2 ?) 4 16 5 18 (19) 2 7 5 4 7 9 80
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the British Islands, or in Iceland, or in the extreme North of Europe, etc. on the one hand, and occur also in Asia Minor, or even in the Levant, on the other hand. More or less similar is the situation in the category “Holo- and East-Mediterranean” species. It unites both species largely spread in the Mediterranean subregion, and species restricted to the Balkan and Asia Minor Peninsulas, Levant, sometimes also progressing into the Caucasus, Iran and even, Afghanistan. One of the well shaped zoogeographical groups is that of the species not spilling over to the territories of the Carpathian Mts. and the Balkan Peninsula. Some of these Carpathian-Balkan subendemites occur also in the western part of Asia Minor; the fauna of the latter, however (and even the faunas of Lebanon and Israel), is much more of European or South-East European appearance rather than of Central- or South Asian one. The Rhodopes Mts. are very closely connected with some other mountains of the Balkan Peninsula – the Pirin Mts., the Rila Mts., etc., thus the endemism there (14 %) is mostly on a Balkan (or, at least, on an East Balkan) level. The strict, or local, endemic taxa (i.e. in the Western Rhodopes Mts. only) are very few – Hydroptila angulifera Kum., Drusus discophorus rhodopaeus Kum. and Potamophylax borislavi Kum. In fact, the third species was recently found in a locality in Rila Mts. (see the Note accompanying this species in Table 2). Conclusive notes Due to the high level of diversity of the natural conditions in the Rhodopes Mts., the fauna of the mountain is rather rich. This statement is valid for the freshwater invertebrates, too. The Trichoptera established in the Bulgarian part of the Western Rhodopes represents ca. 43 % of the Bulgarian caddisfly fauna so far known. Practically all the endemic, rare and endangered species, which are of interest to the biogeography and/or conservation strategy, inhabit the uppermost, highest catchments of the rivers there. The following parts of the Western Rhodopes are the ones with the highest level of biodiversity in terms of Trichoptera: the Western part of the PerelikskoPrespanski Branch (from the valley of Trigradska River, including the Chairski Lakes, to the Golyam Perelik Summit); the Eastern part of the same Branch (from the valley of Malka Arda River to the uppermost catchment of the Davidkovska River); the border between Bulgaria and Greece Ardinski Branch (between the Summits Sredniya Vrah and Tsigansko Gradishte); Karakulas Ridge (an almost not investigated, but less urbanized, rich in brooks and small rivers, a region of allegedly high level of biodiversity to the North of the Davidkovska Reka River); the Southern part of Chernatitsa Ridge (the territory surrounding the Summits Persenk and Golyam Persenk); the Northern part of Dabrash Ridge (the initial catchments of the Dospat and the Kanina Rivers). Finally, the Southernmost portion of the Velishko-Videnishki Branch of the Western Rhodopes seems to be of great international interest with its biodiversity having stretched on both sides of the Bulgarian-Greek border. This part starts from Videnitsa Summit in Bulgaria, passes over the border to Kainchal Summit, and ends at the valley of the Nestos/Mesta River between its left tributaries Dospates/Dospatska River and Diavola/Dyavolska River in Greece.
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Beron P. 1994. Résultats des recherches biospéléologiques en Bulgarie de 1971 à 1994 et Liste des animaux cavernicoles bulgares. - Ser. Tranteeva, 1. Sofia. 137 pp. Beron P., V. Guéorguiev. 1967. Essai sur la faune cavernicole de Bulgarie. II. Résultats des recherches biospéologiques de 1961 à 1965. - Bull. Inst. zool. Mus., 24: 151-212. Botosaneanu L. 1961. Matériaux pour servir à la connaissance des Trichoptères d’Europe Orientale et Centrale. - Fol. ent. Hung., Ser. Nov., 14(2): 11-91. Botosaneanu L. 1956. Recherches sur les Trichoptères de Bulgarie recueillis par MM. Le Prof. A. Valkanov et B. Rusev. - Beitr. Ent., 6(3-4): 354-402. Botosaneanu L. 1974. Notes descriptives, écologiques, sur quelques trichoptères du “trio subtroglophile” (Insecta: Trichoptera). - Trav. Inst. Spéol. “Emile Racovitza”, Bucarest, 13: 61-64. Botosaneanu L. 1965. Neue trichopterologische Fänge in Polen, Rumänien und Bulgarien. - Latv. Ent., 10: 53-60. Botosaneanu L., Novak I.1965. Les espèces europèennes du genre Adicella McL. (Trichoptera). - Acta ent. Bohemoslov., 62: 468-479. Botosaneanu L., Sykora J. 1963. Nouvelle contribution à la connaissance des Trichoptères de Bulgarie. - Acta faun. ent. Mus. Nat. Pragae, 9(7): 121-142. Buresch I. 1936. To the Knowledge of the Neuropterous Fauna in Bulgaria (Insecta, Neuroptera). - Bull. Bulg. Entom. Soc., 9: 135-150 (In Bulgarian). Buresch I. 1939. In: Short Notes. - Mitt. Bulg, ent. Soc., 10: 153 (In Bulgarian). Gueorguiev V. 1976. The Terrestrial Troglobic Fauna of the Balkan Peninsula. Origin, Formation and Zoogeography. - Autoreference to the DSci. Dissertation. Bulg. Acad. Sci., Inst. Zool., Sofia. 25 pp. Guéorguiev V., Beron P. 1962. Essai sur la faune cavernicole de Bulgarie.- Ann. Spéléol., 17(2-3): 285-441. Klapálek F. 1894. Zpráva o cestì entomologické Bulgarskem a Východni Rumelii r. 1893.- Věstn. Česk. kral. Acad., 3: 308-310 (In Chech.). Klapálek F. 1895. [To the knowledge of the neuropterous and orthopterous insects in Bulgaria]. - Sb. za nar. umotv., nauka i knijnina, 11: 458-471 (In Bulgarian). Kumanski K. 1968. Beitrag zur Erforschung der Trichopteren Bulgariens. I. - Faun. Abh., Dresden, 2(16): 109-115. Kumanski K.1969. Contribution à l’étude des Trichoptères en Bulgarie. II.- Bull. Inst. zool. et Mus., 29: 175181 (In Bulgarian, summ.Russ., French). Kumanski K. 1971. Beitrag zur Untersuchung der Köcherfliegen (Trichoptera) Bulgariens. III. - Bull. Inst. zool. et Mus., 33: 99-109 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). Kumanski K.1972a. Beitrag zur Erforschung der Köcherfliegen (Trichoptera) Bulgariens. IV. Vertreter aus bulgarischen Höhlen. - Bull. Inst. zool. & Mus., 34: 209-216 (In Bulgarian, summ.Russ., Germ.). Kumanski K.1972b. Eine neue Hydroptila-Art aus Bulgarien (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). - C. r. Acad. Bulg. Sci., 25(9): 1261-1263. Kumanski K. 1973a. Zu den Metamorphosestadien zweier Glossosomatidae-Arten (Trichoptera). Reichenbachia, Dresden, 14(33): 269-275. Kumanski K. 1973b. Die Unterfamilie Drusinae (Trichoptera) in Bulgarien. - Tijdschr. Entomol., 116(6): 107-121. Kumanski K. 1974. Description de Hydroptila angulifera, une nouvelle espèce du Rhodope bulgare (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). - Reichenbachia, Dresden, 15(10): 71-75. Kumanski K. 1975 a. Ëtudes sur la faune et l’écologie des Trichoptères (Trichoptera) du Rhodope. - In: Pechev G. et al. (eds). La faune des Rhodopes. Materiaux. Sofia, 65-91 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., French). Kumanski K. 1975 b. New Trichopterological Data from Bulgaria (Insecta, Trichoptera - Acta zool. Bulg., 2: 58-69 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). Kumanski K. 1975 c. A New Balcan Potamophylax-Species (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae). - Nouv. Rev. Ent., 5(1): 85-87. Kumanski K. 1979 a. The Family Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera) in Bulgaria. - Acta zool. bulg., 13: 3-20. Kumanski K. 1979 b. New and Rare Caddis Species (Trichoptera) for the Bulgarian Fauna. - Acta zool. bulg., 13: 72-75 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). Kumanski K. 1983. A Contribution to the Studies on Bulgarian Caddisflies (Trichoptera). V. - Acta zool. bulg., 21: 83-88 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). Kumanski K. 1985. Trichoptera, Annulipalpia. Fauna bulgarica, Acad. Bulg. Sci., Sofia, 15: 243 pp. (In Bulgarian). Kumanski K. 1988. Trichoptera, Integripalpia. Fauna bulgarica, Acad. Bulg. Sci., Sofia, 19: 354 pp. (In Bulgarian).
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Kumanski K. 1993. Addition to Volume 15 (Trichoptera, Annulipalpia) and Volume 19 (Trichoptera, Integripalpia) of the Series “Fauna of Bulgaria”. - Hist. Nat. bulg., 4: 39-46 (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). Kumanski K. 2001. The Caddisflies (Trichoptera) of the Osogovo Mountain, West Bulgaria. - Acta zool. bulg., 53(2): 47-62. Kumanski K. 2004. Trichoptera (Insecta) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). - In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 515-524. Kumanski K., Botosaneanu L. 1974. Les Hydropsyche (Trichoptera) du groupe de guttata en Bulgarie et en Roumanie (avec des notes sur d’autres espèces du même groupe). - Acta Mus. Maced. Sci. Nat., 14(2): 25-43. Kumanski K., Malicky H.1976. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der bulgarischen Köcherfliegen (Trichoptera). - Bull. ent. Pologne, 46: 95-126. Malicky H. 1983. Chorological patterns and biome types of European Trichoptera and other freshwater insects. - Arch. Hydrobiol., 96: 223-244. Malicky H. 2000. Arealdynamik und Biomgrundtypen am Beispiel der Köcherfliegen (Trichoptera). - Entomol. Basiliensia, 22: 235-259. Malicky H. 2005. Die Köcherfliegen Griechenlands. - Denisia, 17: 1-240. Novak K. 1971. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Köcherfliegen Bulgariens (Trichoptera). - Acta faun. ent. Mus. Nat. Pragae, 14: 101-114. Radovanovic M. 1953. Zur Kenntnis der Köcherfliegen (Trichoptera) des Balkanhalbinsels, hauptsächlich in der Grotten und Gebirgsseen. - Mitt. Serb. Akad. Wiss., Abt. Natur-mathem. Wiss., 7: 11-36 (In Serbocroat.). Author’s address: Dr. Krassimir Kumanski National Museum of Natural History Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria e-mail:
[email protected]
Ручейниците (Insecta: Trichoptera) от Западните Родопи (България и Гърция) Красимир КУМАНСКИ (Р е з ю м е) Направен е преглед на съществуващите в специалната литература сведения за разред Ручейници (Trichoptera) от Западните Родопи, като към много от видовете са включени непубликувани досега фаунистични данни. Материалът произхожда от 100 находища (82 в българската и 18 – в гръцката част от планината), а общият брой на сборовете е 249 (219 в България и 30 – в Гърция). Общо видовете от Западните Родопи възлизат на 135 вида, принадлежащи към 54 рода и 18 семейства. Нови за фауната на Западните Родопи са Rhyacophila mocsaryi Klap., Oligoplectrum maculatum (Fourcr.), Micropterna testacea Gmel., Hydropsyche angustipennis Curt., Limnephilus griseus (L.) и Micropterna testacea Gmel.; първите три вида са нови изобщо за планината. От българската част на Западните Родопи ручейниците са 115 вида; от тях в гръцката част не са намерени 72 вида. В гръцката част са установени 62 вида, от които само там – 20 вида. Процентният дял на ручейниците, установени в българската част от Западните Родопи, възлиза на 43 % от ручейниковия състав в българската фауна (около 260 вида). Видовете, обитаващи находища в гръцката част представляват 21 % от цялата ручейникова фауна на Гърция (300 вида). Направени са бележки върху особеностите в екологията, фенологията и биологията на ручейниците в изследвания дял от планината. Изтъкната е разликата между общия облик на Западнородопската фауна и тази от Източните Родопи (за последната - вж. KUMANSKI, 2004). Доминиращи в Западните Родопи са представителите на семейства със северен произход, преди
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всичко такива от семейство Limnephilidae, с 42 вида от 13 рода (Таблица 3). Голямата част от тях (Подсемейство Drusinae, Трибус Chaetopterygini) са типични обитатели на високо- и среднопланинските течащи води и се причисляват към европейския биом Dinodal (по MALICKY: 1983; 2000). Тук влизат и някои студенолюбиви стенобионтни от семейство Rhyacophilidae, също добре представено в Западните Родопи, както и отделни видове от по-малочислени семейства, като Thremma anomalum McL. (Uenoidae), Odontocerum hellenicum Mal. (Odontoceridae) и др. За разлика от Limnephilidae, произходът на останалите от споменатите по-горе семейства е свързан със субтропическите и тропическите райони от Югоизточна Азия (Югоизточен Китай, Мианмар / бившата Бирма/ и Индокитайския полуостров). Друга добре оформена, въпреки и немногочислена, е групата от видове, обитаващи кренала – извори и прилежащите към тях потоци. Обитателите тук са също студенолюбиви стенобионти, представители на някои от видовете от род Wormaldia (Philopotamidae), Synagapetus iridipennis McL. (Glossosomatidae), отделни Leptoceridae (Adicella balcanica Bots. & Nov., A. filicornis (Pict.), всички Lepidostomatidae и Beraeidae. Освен влизащите в биомния тип Dinodal, обитатели на най-многобройната на видове категория течащи води – ритрала са много представители от пещерната категория “редовни троглоксени” – групата Stenophylax-Micropterna spp., редица други Limnephilidae (много видове от род Limnephilus, Grammotaulius nigropunctatus /Retz./), Rhyacophilidae (Rhyacophila fasciata Hag., Rh. obliterata McL.), повечето Glossosomatidae, Polycentropodidae, Sericostomatidae, най-реофилните от Leptoceridae, и други. Потамобионтите са една от най-малочислените екологични групировки в Западните Родопи. Последното се дължи най-вече на липсата в този район на типичните за равнината сравнително големи и умерено бързотечащи реки. В случая изключение прави река Места в средния си и долен участък. Убедително доминиращи тук са представителите на семейство Hydropsychidae (Hydropsyche incognita Pitsch, H. modesta Nav., H. bulbifera McL., H. contubernalis McL., Cheumatopsyche lepida Pict.), отделни Hydroptilidae (Hydroptila sparsa Curt.), някои Leptoceridae (Oecetis tripunctata /Fabr./, Oe. testacea Curt.), Cyrnus trimaculatus Curt. (Polycentropodidae). Всички тези семейства имат южен произход и много широко разпространение в почти всички биогеографски области от света. Още по-малобройна в Западните Родопи е групата, съставена от облигатни или факултативни лимнобионтни ручейници. Последните обитават двете групи свлачищни езера – Триградските и Чаирските. Най-типични тук са двата представителя на семейство Phryganeidae – Agrypnia varia Fabr. и Oligotricha striata (L.), наред с някои Limnephilus (L. rhombicus (L.), L. extricates McL., L. centralis Curt.). Тук спада и Limnephilus subcentralis Brau., събран единствено в далечната 1926 година в тогавашното Баташко блато (днес напълно унищожено от водите на язовир “Батак”). Твърде вероятно е той да е сред изчезналите видове ручейници от фауната на България. Семействата на лимнобионтните ручейници от Западните Родопи имат северен (ангариден) произход и са найчесто сред обикновените и масови обитатели на езерните системи в Централна и Северна Европа и Сибир. На Таблица 3 е представена сравнителната картина на таксономичния състав поотделно на фауните от Източните и Западните Родопи и планината като цяло, като семействата са изброени конкретно, а числеността на родовете и видовете е в цифров вид. И тук се откроява доминирането в Западните Родопи на по-студенолюбивите групировки от Limnephilidae (Drusinae, Chaetopterygini, Limnephilini), всички Phryganeidae, Brachycentridae, Lepidostomtidae, повечето Rhyacophilidae, и др., а от друга страна – липсата на намерените само в Източните Родопи Ecnomus tenellus (Ramb.) (Ecnomidae), някои видове от групи с източномедитерански произход – род Tinodes (Psychomyiidae), понтомедитеранските Limnephilidae Micropterna hatatitla Mal., M. taurica Mart. и M. malaspina Schm. – част от пещерния комплекс от “редовните троглоксени” (Limnephilidae) и, преди всичкo, отсъствието на единствения на Балканския полуостров ручейников реликт от Терциера – Calamoceras illiesi Mal. & Kum. (Calamoceratidae). На Таблица 4 по подобен сравнителен начин е направен зоогеографски анализ на групите видове по зоогеографски категории. Навсякъде най-многочислени са холоевропейските, западнопалеарктичните и евросибирските групи, както и тази на ендемитите от Балканския полуостров. Следват по-малобройните, но особено характерни групи на видовете с карпатобалканско и балканско разпространение и тази на трите локални ендемита – Hydroptila angulifera Kum., Drusus discophorus rhodopaeus Kum. и Potamophylax borislavi Kum.
Trichoptera
611
В края на статията се упоменават няколко района от Западните Родопи, в които ручейниковото биоразнообразие е най-добре запазено и високо. В последното влизат характерни за тази част от планината видове – локални, балкански и карпатобалкански ендемити, редки и стенобионтни видове и др.п. Това са предимно районите с най-високите върхове – около и над 1800 м надморска височина, като: Източната част от Переликско-Преспанския дял (от долината на Триградска река, през района на Чаирските езера, до връх Голям Перелик); Западната част на същия дял (от долината на река Малка Арда до горната част от водосбора на Давидковска река); Граничният Ардински дял (между върховете Средния връх и Циганско градище); Ридът Каракулас (на север от прлиустиевия район на Давидковска река); Южната част от рида Чернатица (районите около върховете Персенк и Голям Персенк); Северната част на рида Дъбраш (началните водосборове на реките Доспатска и Канина); накрая е особено интересната и перспективна за опазване на биоразнообразието в международен план е Южната част от Велишко-Виденишкия дял, която преминава от България (връх Виденица), през граничния връх Каинчал, и завършва в Гърция при долината на река Места (между притоците и Доспатска река и Дяволска река).
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Dolichopodidae
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Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Dolichopodidae (Diptera, Brachycera) of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
MIHAIL KECHEV
Kechev M. 2006. Dolichopodidae (Diptera, Brachycera) of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria). - In: Beron P. (ed) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 613-616. Abstract. Faunistic data about 25 Dolichopodidae species are presented in this paper. Eighteen of them are new to the fauna of the Western Rhodopes (3 of which – Syntormon monilis, Chrysotus pennatus, Dolichopus pennatus are also new to the fauna of Bulgaria). Key words: Diptera, Dolichopodidae, Western Rhodopes, Bulgaria.
Introduction The Dolichopodidae fauna in the Western Rhodopes has not been a subject of special studies. In this part of the Rhodopes 7 species of the family have been known until now. BESCHOVSKI (1967) reported 3 of them, and BESCHOVSKI & DZHAMBAZOV (2002) - the other 4.
Material and methods The material was collected in different years by Dr. A. Donev and the author mainly by sweeping. The new species to the fauna of the Western Rhodopes are marked with one asterisk (*) and the species new to the fauna of Bulgaria are marked with two asterisks (**). The faunistic list gives the following information: the place where the material is collected, altitude, UTM code, name of collector and number of specimens.
Faunistic list Sciapodinae Sciapus platypterus (Fabricius, 1805) Hrabrino Village, 300 m, UTM: LG05, 27.V.2000, leg. B. Dzhambazov, 2†
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M. KECHEV
Xanthochlorinae *Xanthochlorus tenellus (Wiedemann,1817) Hrabrino Village, 300 m, UTM: LG05, 05.X.2004, leg. M. Kechev,1† Gorni Voden Village, 350 m, UTM: LG29, 21.IX.2004, leg. M. Kechev,1‡ Rhaphiinae *Rhaphium appendiculatum (Meigen,1824) Dobralak Village, 900 m, UTM: LG14, 12.VIII.2004, leg. M. Kechev,1† Gorni Voden Village, 350 m, UTM: LG29, 21.IX.2004, M. Kechev,1† Hrabrino Village, 300 m, UTM: LG05, 05.X.2004, leg. M. Kechev,1† *Rhaphium zetterstadti (Parent,1925) Hrabrino Village, 300 m, UTM:LG05, 05.X.2004, leg. M. Kechev,2† Hydrophorinae Hydrophorus balticus (Meigen,1824) Smolyan, 1200 m, UTM: LG00, leg. V. Beschovski, 1† Sympycninae Sympycnus annulipes (Meigen, 1824) Asenovgrad, 250 m, UTM: LG29, leg. V. Beschovski, 2†, 1‡ *Campsicnemus curvipes (Fallèn,1823) Bachkovo Village, 400 m, UTM: LG24, 09.VI.1980, leg. A. Donev,2† Jagodina Village, 1300, UTM: KG71, 02.IX.2004, leg. M. Kechev,1† Hrabrino Village, 300 m, UTM: LG05, 05.X.2004, leg. M. Kechev,1† Dedovo Village, 1000 m, UTM: LG05, 05.X.2004, leg. M. Kechev,1† *Campsicnemus umbripenis Loew,1856 Boykovo Village, 1200 m, UTM: LG05, 03.VIII.2004, leg. M. Kechev,1† Dobralak Village, 900 m, UTM: LG14, 12.VIII.2004, leg. M. Kechev,1† Jagodina Village, 1300 m, UTM: KG71, 02.IX.2004, leg. M. Kechev,1† Syntormon aulicus (Meigen, 1824) = Eutarsus aulicus (Meigen, 1824) Smolyan, 1200 m, UTM: LG00, leg. V. Beschovski, 1† ** Syntormon monilis (Walker,1851) above Yundola saddle, 1400 m, UTM:GM36, 23.VI.2004, leg. M. Kechev,2† Hrabrino Village, 300 m, UTM: LG05, 05.X.2004, leg. M. Kechev,1† *Syntormon pallipes (Fabricius,1794) Dedovo Village, 1000 m, UTM: LG05, 03.VIII.2004, leg. M. Kechev,1† Gorni Voden Village, 350 m, UTM: LG29, 10.V.2005, leg. M. Kechev,2† Hrabrino Village, 300 m, UTM: LG05, 26.V.2005, leg. M. Kechev,1†
Dolichopodidae
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*Syntormon pumilus (Meigen, 1824) Gorni Voden Village, 350 m, UTM: LG25, 10.V.2005, leg. M. Kechev, 1‡ *Syntormon rufipes (Meigen, 1824) above Yundola saddle, 1400 m, UTM:GM36, 40.VII.2005, leg. M. Kechev,1† *Teuchophorus monocanthus Loew,1857 Gorni Voden Village, 350 m, UTM: LG29, 21.IX.2004, leg. M. Kechev,10† Diaphorinae ** Chrysotus pennatus (Lichtwardt, 1902) Grohotno Village, 800 m, UTM: KG82, 02.IX.2004, leg. M. Kechev,1† Hrabrino Village, 300 m, UTM: LG05, 05.X.2004, leg. M. Kechev,1† Dolichopodinae Hercostomus aerosus (Fallén, 1823) Batak Dam lake, 1100 m, UTM: KG64, 07.VI.2000, leg. B. Dzhambazov, 2†, 1‡ Hercostomus celer (Meigen, 1824) Smolyan, 1200 m, UTM: LG00, leg. V. Beschovski, 1† *Hercostomus fugax (Loew, 1857) Pamporovo, 1926 m, UTM: LG01, 03.IX.2004, leg. M. Kechev, 3† *Hercostomus rusticus (Meigen, 1824) Boykovo Village, 1200 m, UTM: LG05, 03VIII.2004, leg. M. Kechev, 2† Hypophyllus crinipes (Staeger, 1842) Hrabrino Village, 300 m, UTM: LG05, 27.V.2000, leg. B. Dzhambazov, 1† Batak Dam lake,1100 m, UTM: KG64, 07.VI.2000, leg. B. Dzhambazov, 2† * *Dolichopus pennatus (Meigen, 1824) above Yundola saddle, 1400 m, UTM: GM36, 30.VI.2005, leg. M. Kechev,3† *Dolichopus plumipes (Scopoli, 1763) above Yundola saddle, 1400 m, UTM: GM36, 24.VI.2004, leg. M. Kechev, 2† *Dolichopus sabinus Haliday, 1838 Hrabrino Village, 300 m, UTM: LG05, 30.VIII.2005, leg. M. Kechev, 1† *Dolichopus simplex Meigen, 1824 Above Yundola saddle, 1400 m, UTM: GM36, 05.VII.2005, leg. M. Kechev, 17†, 8‡ *Dolichopus ungulatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
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Kesten Village,1300 m, UTM: KG80, 15.VI.2005, leg. M. Kechev, 8†, 3‡ above Yundola saddle, 1400 m, UTM: GM36, 05.VI.2005, leg. M. Kechev, 20†, 15‡
Conclusion After this study the total number of Dolichopodidae species known in the Western Rhodopes increases from 7 to 25.
Acknowledgements I would like to thank Dr. A. Donev for giving at my disposal for the purposes of this study the specimens, collected by him in the Western Rhodopes.
References BESCHOVSKI V. 1967. Für die Fauna Bulgariens bislang unbekannte Dolichopodidae (Dipt.). – Zoologischer Anzeiger, 178 (3/4): 219-224. BESCHOVSKI V., DZHAMBAZOV B. 2002. Dolichopodidae taxa known and new to the Bulgarian fauna (Diptera: Empidoidea). – Acta zoologica bulgarica, 54 (1): 19-26.
Author’s address: Mihail Kechev University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski” Faculty of Biology, Dept. of Zoology Tsar Assen Str. 24 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Семейство Dolichopodidae (Diptera, Brachycera) в Западните Родопи (България) Михаил КЕЧЕВ (Р е з ю м е) В настоящата статия е представен фаунистичен списък на 25 вида от семейство Dolichopodidae. 18 вида от семейството са нови за фауната на Западните Родопи. Три от тези видове – Syntormon monilis, Chrysotus pennatus, Dolichopus pennatus са нови и за фауната на България.
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Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Diptera Brachycera (Insecta) established in the Western Rhodopes Mountains (Bulgaria)
VENELIN L. BESCHOVSKI
Beschovski V. 2006. Diptera Brachycera (Insecta), established in the Western Rhodopes Mountains (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P. (ed) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 617-674. Abstract. A total of 374 species belonging to 23 Diptera-Brachycera families are established in the Western Rhodopes: 1. Rhagionidae (5 sp.), 2. Stratiomyidae (6 sp.), 3.Bombylidae (8 sp.), 4. Therevidae (1 sp.), 5. Asilidae (43 sp.), 6. 7. Syrphidae (64 sp.), 8. Pipunculidae (1 sp.), 9. Muscidae (68 sp.), 10. Anthomyidae (15 sp.), 11. Calliphoridae (8 sp.), 12. Rhinophoridae (1 sp.), 13. Sarcophagidae (12 sp.), 14. Conopidae (11 sp.), 15. Platystomidae (1 sp.), 16. Tephritidae (3 sp.), 17. Chamaemyiadae (6 sp.), 18. Dryomyzidae (1 sp.), 19. Agromyzidae (61 sp.), 20. Chloropidae (12 sp.), 21. Helomyzidae (6 sp.), 22. Sphaeroceridae (11 sp), 23. Ephydridae (28 sp.). The largest number of established species are from Agromyzidae (61), Syrphidae (64), Muscidae (68), Asilidae (43) and Ephydridae (28).
All 374 species are distributed in 19 zoogeographical groups. European species have a significant predominance (33,16 %), followed by Euro-Siberian (19,25%) and Holarctic (including Disjunctive-Holarctic) (10,69 %). Nine species are endemic (Rhodopean, Bulgarian and Balkan). That represents 2,41% of the group. This confirms the opinion that the Rhodopean land has played an important role in the formation and conservation of the species divårsity of the Balkan Peninsula and Europe.
Introduction The Western Rhodopean Diptera are better known than those of the Eastern Rhodopes because most of the Bulgarian dipterologists and those visiting Bulgaria have collected material from this part of the mountains, which attracted them with the more varied relief, vegetation zones and interesting natural reserves. A total of 23 families are included here below. Only several groups of Diptra Brachycera are comparatively well investigated in this region such as Empidoidea (they will be published separately from Dr. Dzhambazov), Asilidae, Syrphidae, Muscidae, Agromyzidae, Chloropidae and Ephydridae. The result of the published investigation on the Brachycerous Diptera and the original material concerning Chloropidae are presented in this paper.
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V.L. BESCHOVSKI Methodological notes
The data included in the text and the structure of the article are presented in the previous publication on Diptera Nematocera (BESCHOVSKI, 2004, and in press). As for the zoogeographical characteristics of the species concerning the Palaearctic Region, I woud like to underline again that it is based on VERESHCHAGIN et all. (1964). The zoogeographical classification of each species is more concrete on the level of subregions and provinces. But in the general Zoogeographical structure of every family the zoogeographical groups are more generalized, given within a larger area (Euro-Eastmediterranean, Euro -Westmediterannean are given as Euro-Mediterranean; East European, or South European as European, etc.). The term “Mediterranean” is used s. str., excluding Sahara and the Irano-turanian provinces. The original data on Chloropidae only are presented as “Material studied”. For the geographical distribution and classification the Catalog of Palaearctic Diptera is used in the first place: DELY-DRASKOVITS (1993), FOOTE (1984), HERTING (12993), VERVES (1986); Some other catalogues or general reviews are used too: RHODENDORF, E. (1970); SPENCER (1976), GREGOR and all. (2002), ROHÁČEK (1983), and ROHÁČEK and all. (2001). Abbreviations: Zoog. Char.: Zoogeographical Characteristics; Distr.: General geographical distribution.
Faunistic review BRACHYCERA ORTHORRHAPHA 1. Family Rhagionidae (5 sp.) 1. Chrysopilus auratus (Fabricius, 1805) Localities: Bachkovo Village (SPITZER (1978: 33). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. 2. Chrysopilus erythrophthalmus Loew, 1840 Localities: Bachkovo Village (SPITZER, 1978: 33). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. 3. Chrysopilus luteolus (Fallén, 1814) Localities: Bachkovo Village (SPITZER, 1978: 34). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. 4. Rhagio cingulatus (Loew, 1886) Leptis cingulata Loew: localities: “Rhodopes” (NEDELKOV, 1910: 37; 1912: 187). Zoog. Char.: Easteuropean. Distr.: Europe: Austria, former Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, North and Central Part of Russia.
Brachycera
619
5. Rhagio vitripennis (Meigen, 1820) Localities: Bachkovo Village, Erkyupriya locality (SPITZER, 1978: 33). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe, excl. Mediterranean area) Zoogeographical groups of Rhagionidae. 1. European - 5: 1. Chrysopilus auratus, 2. Ch. erythrophthalmus, 3. Ch. luteolus, 4. Rhagio cingulatus, 5. R. vitripennis. Zoogeographical structure of Rhagionidae in percentages. 1. European - 5…….. 100 %. 2. Family Stratiomyidae (6 sp.) 1. Chloromyia formosa (Scopoli, 1736) Localities: Bachkovsky Monastery near Assenovgrad (NEDELKOV, 1912: 184). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Transcaucasus, Turkey; North Africa: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia. Nearctic (introduced). 2. Chloromyia speciosa (Macquart, 1834) Localities: Assenovgrad (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 308). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Eastmediterranean. Distr.: Central and South Europe; Asia: Turkey, Israel, China. 3. Lasiopa balius (Walker, 1849) Localities: Assenovgrad (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 306). Lasiopa tenuirostris (LOEW, 1863): localities: “Central Rhodopes”. (SZILADY, 1934: 146). Zoog. Char.: South European. Distr.: Europe: France, Albania, Yugoslavia, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece; Asia: Turkey. 4. Lasiopa calva (Meigen, 1822) Localities: “Central Rhodopes” (NEDELKOV, 1910: 37). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe: Italy, former Czechosklovakia, Austria, Hungary, former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine. 5. Stratiomys longicornis (Scopoli, 1763) Localities: “Central Rhodopes” (SZILADY, 1934: 146. Zoog. Char.: Palaearctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia; North Africa. 6. Stratiomys singulatior (Harris 1776) Stratiomys ruficornis (Macquart, 1838): localities: Choudnite Mostove (ROZKOSNY, 1982: 241). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia. Zoogeographical groups of Stratiomyiidae (6 sp.) 1. Palaearctic – 1: Stratiomys longicornis. 2. Euro-Siberian – 2: 1. Chloromyia formosa. 2. Stratiomys singulatior.
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V.L. BESCHOVSKI 3. European – 3: 1. Chloromyia speciosa, 2. Lasiopa balius, 3. L. calva. Zoogeographical structiure of Stratiomyiidae in percentages. 1. Palaearctic – 1 .............. 16,67 %. 2. Euro-Siberian – 2 ........ 33,34 %. 3. European – 3 ............... 50,00 %.
3. Family Bombylidae (8 sp.) 1. Amictus validus Loew 1869 Localities: Assenovgrad (NEDELKOV, 1912: 193). Zoog. Char.: Westpalaearctic. Distr.: Europe: Former Yugoslavia, Romania, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Greece; Asia: Transcaucasus, Afghanistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Israel; North Africa: Algeria, Egypt. 2. Anastoechus nitidulus (Fabricius, 1794) Localities: Assenovgrad (NEDELKOV, 1912: 194). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia. 3. Conophorus virescens (Fabricius, 1787) Localities: Assenovgrad (NEDELKOV, 1912: 195). Zoog. Char.: Westpalaearctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Transcaucasus, Turkey, Iran, China; North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria, Egypt. 4. Exoprosopa grandi (Wiedemann in Meigen, 1820) Localities: Assenovgrad (NEDELKOV, 1912: 192). Zoog. Char.: Westpalaearctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Transcaucasus, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Arab States, Israel, Turkey, Iran Afghanistan; North Africa: Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt. 5. Exoprosopa minos (Meigen, 1820) Exoprosopa germari (Wiedemann in Meigen, 1820): localities: Assenovgrad (NEDELKOV, 1909: 116); Rhodopes (NEDELKOV, 1912: 192). Zoog. Char.: Westpalaearctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: S.W. Asia; N. Africa. 6. Heteralonia megerlei (Meigen, 1820) Exoprosopa vespertilio (Wiedemann in Meigen, 1820): localities: Assenovgrad, Rhodopes (NEDELKOV, 1909: 116; 1912: 192). Zoog. Char.: Westpalaearctic. Distr.: Europe. Asia: S.W Asia; North Africa. 7. Geron gibbosus (Oliver, 1789) Localities: Assenovgrad (NEDELKOV, 1909: 117). Zoog. Char.: Westpalaearctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Central and Middle Asia; North Africa. 8. Villa paniscus (Rossi, 1790) Localities: Assenovgrad (NEDELKOV, 1909: 116).
Brachycera
621
Zoog. Char.: Euro-Centralasian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Transcaucasus, Mongolia. Zoogeographical groups of Bombylidae (8 sp.) 1. Westpalaearctic – 6: 1. Amictus validus, 2. Conophorus virescens, 3. Exoprosopa grandi, 4. E. minos, 5. Heteralonia megerlei, 6. Geron gibbosus. 2. Euro-Siberian – 1: Anastoechus nitidulus. 3. Euro-Centralasian – 1: Villa paniscus. Zoogeographical structure of Bombyliidae in percentages. 1. Westpalaearctic – 6 ............ 75,00 %; 2. Euro-Siberian – 1 ............... 12,50 %; 3. Euro-Centralasian – 1 ....... 12,50 %. 4. Family Therevidae (1 sp.) 1. Thereva praecox Egger, 1859 Localities: Assenovgrad (NEDELKOV, 1910: 37; 1912: 195). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe: France, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria. Zoogeographical groupes of Therevidae (8 sp.) 1. European – 1 (100 %): Thereva praecox 5. Family Asilidae (43 sp.) 1. Asilus crabronifrons Linnaeus, 1758 Localities: Assenovgrad, Assenova Krepost, Chepelare (NEDELKOV, 1909: 115; 1912: 190). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Mediterranean. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Transcaucasus; North Africa: Morocco, Algeria. 2. Cerdistus denticulatus (Loew, 1849) Cyclosocerus platycerus (Villeneuve, 1913): localities: Assenovgrad (HRADSKI, MOUCHA, 1967: 319). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Caucasian. Distr.: Europe: Bulgaria, Greece; Asia: Transcaucasus, Turkey. 3. Choerades fibriata (Meigen, 1820) Laphria finbriata: localities: above Bachkovsky Monastery (NEDELKOV, 1909: 116); “Rhodopes” (NEDELKOV, 1910: 37), Bachkovo Village (HRADSKI, MOUCHA, 1964: 23). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Armenia, West Siberia. 4. Choerades fulva (Meigen, 1804) Laphria fulva: localities: Rhodopes (NEDELKOV, 1910: 37); Assenovgrad (NEDELKOV, 1912: 189). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Far East; China.
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5. Choerades gilva (Linnaeus, 1758) Localities: Snezhanka Summit (ZHELYAZOVA, 1975: 197). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Japan, Mongolia, Kazakhstan; Nearctic Region. 6. Cryptopogon ruficornis (Fabricius, 1794) Localities: Yundola; Snezhanka Summit (ZHELYAZOVA, 1975: 198). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Central and South Europe. 7. Cyclosocerus platycerus (Villeneuve, 1913) Cryptogon platycerus Villeneuve, 1913: localities: Near Perelik Summit, 2100 m; Trigrad Village (ZHELYAZOVA, 1975: 198). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe: Switzerland; Italy, Bulgaria. 8. Dasypogon diadema (Fabricius, 1881) Localities: Rhodopes, below Bachkovsky monastery (NEDELKOV, 1909: 116). Rhodopes, Assenovgrad (NEDELKOV, 1910: 37), Perelik Summit, 2100 m; Satovcha Village (ZHELYAZOVA, 1975: 198). Zoog. Char.: Westpalaearctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Transcaucasus, Turkey, Iran, Israel; North Africa: Morocco. 9. Dioctria atricapilla Meigen, 1804 Localities: Smolyan (HRADSKI, MOUCHA, 1967: 316), Smolyan Lakes Hut, 1300 m (ZHELYAZOVA, 1975: 197). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Centralasian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Kazakhstan, Mongolia. 10. Dioctria cothurnata Meigen, 1820 Localities: Forest Farm (DGS) “Selishte”, 1300 m (ZHELYAZOVA, 1975: 197). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe: France, Germany, Denmark, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, European part of Russia, Bulgaria; Asia: West Siberia. 11. Dioctria lateralis Meigen, 1804 Cyrtopogon lateralis Fallén, 1804: localities: Rhodopes above Assenova Krepost (NEDELKOV, 1912: 189). Zoog. Char.: Westpalaearctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Kazakhstan; North Africa: Algeria. 12. Dioctria linearis (Fabricius, 1787) Localities: Bachkovo (HRADSKI, MOUCHA, 1964: 24). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. 13. Dioctria oelandica (Linnaeus, 1758) Localities: Smolyan (HRADSKI, MOUCHA, 1967: 316), Snezhanka Summit, 1700 m (ZHELYAZOVA, 1975: 197). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe.
Brachycera
623
14. Dioctria rufipes (De Geer, 1776) Localities: Assenovgrad (HRADSKI, MOUCHA, 1967: 316). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: West Siberia, Kazakhstan, Kirghizstan, Mongolia. 15. Dysmachus bimucronatus (Loew, 1854) Localities: Smolyan Lakes Hut; Vicinity of Trigrad Village (ZHELYAZOVA, 1975: 201). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. 16. Dysmachus cephalenus Loew, 1871 Localities: Assenovgrad (HRADSKI, MOUCHA, 1964: 23), Yundola; Studenets Hut (ZHELYAZOVA, 1975: 201). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr. Europe: Albania, Former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Greece; Asia: Turkey. 17. Dysmachus fuscipennis (Meigen, 1820) Localities: Rhodopes (NEDELKOV, 1912: 190); Bachkovo Village near Assenovgrad (HRADSKI, MOUCHA, 1964: 23); Assenovgrad (HRADSKI, MOUCHA, 1967: 320); Smolyan Lakes Hut (ZHELYAZOVA, 1975: 201). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: West Siberia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaidjan. 18. Dysmachus picipes (Meigen, 1820) Localities: Perelik Summit, 2000 m, Snezhanka Summit, 1200 m; Smolyan Lakes Hut; locality Chaira near Trigrad Village, 1550 m (district of Smolyan). (ZHELYAZOVA, 1975: 201). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: West Siberia, Kazakhstan, Transcaucasus. 19. Dysmachus stylifer (Loew, 1854) Localities: Assenovgrad (HRADSKI, MOUCHA, 1964: 24); Batak Dam; Forest Farm, (DGS)”Selishte´1300 m; Smolyan; Trigrad Village: (ZHELYAZOVA, 1975: 200). Zoog.Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. 20. Echthistus cognatus (Loew, 1849) Localities: Bachkovo (HRADSKI, MOUCHA, 1964: 24). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe: France, Former Yugoslavia, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, South part of Russia; Asia: Turkey. **21. Eutolmus bureshi Hradsky et Moucha, 1964 Localities: Assenovgrad, Bachkovo: (HRADSKI, MOUCHA, 1964: 24-25). Zoog. Char.: Bulgarian endemic. Distr.: Bulgaria. 22. Eutolmus rufibarbis (Meigen, 1820) Localities: Batak Dam; Smolyan Lakes Hut; locality Forest Farm (“DGS”) “Selishte”, 1300 m (ZHELYAZOVA, 1975: 201). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Japan, Turkey.
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V.L. BESCHOVSKI
23. Holopogon nigripennis (Meigen, 1820) Localities: Assenovgrad, Bachkovo (HRADSKI, MOUCHA, 1964: 24)). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, Iran. 24. Laphria ephippium (Fabricius, 1789) Localities: The Rhodopes (NEDELKOV, 1910: 37; SZILADY, 1934: 147). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. 25. Laphria f lava (Linnaeus, 1761) Localities: Perelik and Snezhanka Summits, 2000 m (ZHELYAZOVA, 1975: 197). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian-(Oriental). Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Fasr East, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Mongolia, Israel; Oriental Region: North India. 26. Lasiopogon cinctus (Fabricius, 1781) Localities: Belmeken (NEDELKOV, 1912:189); Perelik Summit, 2100 m, and Snezhanka Summit, 1800 m (ZHELYAZOVA, 1975: 198). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. 27. Lasiopogon montanus Schiner, 1862 Localities: Yundola, 1500 m., Perelik Summit, 2000 m (ZHELYAZOVA, 1975: 198). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Central and South Europe. *28. Lasiopogon soffneri Hradsky et Moucha, 1964 Localities: Assenovgrad (Terra typica) (HRADSKI, MOUCHA, 1964: 24). Zoog. Char.: Bulgarian endemic. Distr.: Bulgaria. 29. Leptogaster cylindrica (De Geer, 1776) Localities: Satovcha Village; Perelik Summit, 2000 m; Smolyan Lakes Hut (ZHELYAZOVA, 1975: 198-199). Zoog. Char.: Palaearctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Transcaucasus, Siberia, Far East, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Mongolia; North Africa: Algeria. 30. Leptogaster stackelbergi (Lehr, 1961) Localities: Satovcha Village (ZHELYAZOVA, 1975: 199). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Centralasian. Distr.: East Europe: Bulgaria, Russia; Asia: Kazakhstan; Tadjikistan, Kirghizstan. 31. Machimus caliginosus (Meigen, 1820) Localities: Bachkovo (HRADSKI, MOUCHA, 1964: 24), Assenovgrad (HRADSKI, MOUCHA, 1967: 320). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe: France, Switzerland, Italy, Austria, Former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Greece. Asia: Turkey.
Brachycera
625
32. Machimus cyanopus Loew, 1848 Localities: Assenovgrad (HRADSKI, MOUCHA, 1964: 24). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe: Italy, Austria, Hungary, Romania, Albania, Former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Greece; Asia: Turkey. 33. Machimus fimbriatus (Meigen, 1804) Localities: Chaira near Trigrad Village, district of Smolyan, 1550 m (ZHELYAZOVA, 1975: 200). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe: Great Britain, France, Austria, Italy, Poland, Romania, Former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Greece, 34. Machimus rusticus (Meigen, 1820) Localities: Forest Farm (DGS) “Selishte”, 1300 m, Smolyan Lakes Hut, 1500 m (ZHELYAZOVA, 1975: 201). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Centralasian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Kazakhstan, Kirghizstan. 35. Molobratia teutonus (Linnaeus, 1767) Localities: Assenovgrad, Bachkovo (HRADSKI, MOUCHA, 1964: 24); Batak Dam Like (ZHELYAZOVA, 1975: 198). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Turkey (?China). 36. Neoitamus cyanurus (Loew, 1849) Localities: Yundola, 1450 m (ZHELYAZOVA, 1975: 200). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East. 37. Neoitamus socius (Loew, 1871) Localities: Snezhanka Summit, 1800 m (ZHELYAZOVA, 1975: 200). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East. 38. Neomochtherus pallipes (Meigen, 1820) Localities: Forest farm (“DGS”) “Selishte”, 1300 m (ZHELYAZOVA, 1975: 203). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. 39. Philonicus albiceps (Meigen, 1820) Localities: Assenovgrad (HRADSKI, MOUCHA, 1964: 24). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe: Bulgaria, Russia; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Mongolia, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Iran. 40. Stenopogon sabaudus Fabricius, 1794 Localities: Assenovgrad (NEDELKOV, 1910: 37); Trigradska River (ZHELYAZOVA, 1975: 198). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Iranoturanian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Transcaucasus, Turkey, Iran. 41. Stilpnogaster aemula (Meigen, 1820) Localities: Perelik Summit, 1900 m (ZHELYAZOVA, 1975: 199). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: France, Italy, Austria, Former Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria.
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42. Tolmerus atricapillus (Fallén, 1811) Localities: The Rhodopes (NEDELKOV, 1912: 191). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.:Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Kazakhstan; North Africa: Canary Islands. *43. Tolmerus strymonicus (Tsacas, 1960) Localities: Assenovgrad, Bachkovo (HRADSKI, MOUCHA, 1964: 24); Batak Dam Lake, 1100 m; Pamporovo mountain resort (“Vassil Kolarov”), 1600 m (ZHELYAZOVA, 1975: 201). Zoog. Char.: Balkan endemic. Distr.: Bulgaria, Greece. Zoogeographical groups of Asilidae (43 sp.). 1. Holarctic – 1: Choerades gilva 2. Holopalaearctic- 1: Leptogaster cylindrica 3. Westpalaearctic – 2: 1. Dasypogon diadema, 2. Dioctria lateralis 4. Euro-Siberian – 13: 1. Choerades fimbriata, 2. Ch. fulva, 3. Dioctria cothurnata, 4. D. rufipes, 5. Dysmachus fuscipennis, 6. D. picipes, 7. Eutolmus rufibarbis, 8. Holopogon nigripennis, 9. Laphria flava, 10. Neoitamus cyanurus, 11. N. socius, 12. Philonicus albiceps, 13. Tolmerus atricapillus 5. Euro-Centralasian - 3: 1. Leptogaster stackelberg, 2. Machimus rusticus, 3. Dioctria atricapilla. 6. Euro-Iranoturanian – 1: Stenopogon sabaudus. 7. Euro-Mediterranean – 1: Asilus crabronifrons 8. European - 18: 1. Cerdistus denticulatus, 2. Cryptopogon ruficornis, 3. Cyclosocerus platycerus, 4. Dioctria linearis, 5. D. oelandica, 6. Dysmachus bimucronatus, 7. D. cephalenus, 8. D. stylifer, 9. Echthistus cognatus,10. Laphria ephippium, 11. Lasiopogon cinctus, 12. L. montanus, 13. Machimus caliginosus, 14. M. cyanopus, 15. M. fimbriatus, 16. Molobratia teutonus, 17. Neomochtherus pallipes, 18. Stilpnogaster aemula 9. Balkan and Bulgarian endemics – 3: 1. Eutolmus bureshi, 2. Lasiopogon soffneri, 3. Tolmerus strymonicus. Zoogeographical structure of Asilidae in percentage. 1. Holarctic – 1.................................................. 2,33 %; 2. Palaearctic-1 ................................................... 2,33 %; 3. Westpalaearctic – 2 ........................................4,65%; 4. Euro-Siberian – 13 ...................................... 30,23%; 5. Euro-Centralasian – 3 ...................................6,98%; 6. Euro-Iranoturanian – 1 ............................... 2,33 %; 7. Euro-Mediterranean – 1 ............................. 2,33 %; 8. European – 18 ..............................................41,87%; 9. Balkan and Bulgarian endmics – 3 ..........6,98%;
Brachycera
627
BRACHYCERA CYCLORRHAPHA Sectio Aschiza 6. Family Lonchopteridae (2 sp.) 1. Lonchoptera bifurcata (Fallén, 1810) Localities: Chepelare; Smolyan Lakes (BESCHOVSKI, GEORGIEVA, 2000: 42. Zoog. Char.: Subcosmopolitan. Distr.: All geographic regions except for the Oriental one. 2. Lonchoptera lutea Panzer, 1809 Localities: Chepelare (BESCHOVSKI, GEORGIEVA, 2000: 43). Zoog. Char.: Holopalaearctic. Distr.: Europe; North Africa; Asia: Siberia, Russian Far East, Iran, Jordan. Zoogeographical groups of Lonchopteridae – 2 species Subcosmopolitan – 1. Lonchoptera bifurcata. Holopalaearctic – 1: Lonchoptera lutea. Zoogeographical structure of Asilidae in percentage Subcosmopolitan – 1…….50,00 %. Holopalaearctic – 1………50,00 %. 7. Family Syrphidae (64 sp.) 1. Arctophila bombiformis (Fallén, 1810) Localities: “Central Rhodopes” (DRENSKI, 1934: 127). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. Asia: Transcaucasus. 2. Arctophila mussitans (Fabricius, 1776) Localities: “The Rhodops” (NEDELKOV, 1912: 203). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. 3. Baccha obscuripennis Meigen, 1822 Localities: Bachkovo (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 362). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian.(Euro-Iranoturanian) Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Transcaucasus, Kirghizstan. 4. Chalcosyrphus femoratus (Linnaeus, 1758) Xylota femorata Linnaeus, 1758; Zelima femorata (Linnaeus): localities: Summit Belmeken (DRENSKI, 1934: 128). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, China, Transcaucasus, Kazakhstan, Kirghizstan.
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5. Chalcosyrphus pannonicus (Oldenberg, 1916) Localities: Batashko Blato (swamp near Batak) (DRENSKY, 1934: 128). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe: Romania, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Transcaucasus. 6. Cheilosia albitarsis (Meigen, 1822) Localities: Vicinity of Smolyan (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 375). Zoog. Char.: Westpalaearctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: West Siberia, Transcaucasus; North Africa: Tunisia. 7. Cheilosia melanopa (Zetterstedt, 1843) Localities: “Rhodops” (NEDELKOV, 1912: 200). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. 8. Cheilosia montana Egger, 1860 Localities: Vicinity of Smolyan (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 375). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe. Asia: West Siberia. 9. Cheilosia nigripes (Meigen, 1822) Localities: Vicinity of Smolyan (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 382). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Mongolia, Transcaucasus, Turkey. 10. Cheilosia proxima (Zetterstedt, 1834) Localities: Vicinity of Smolyan (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 382). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Transcaucasus. 11. Cheilosia scutellata (Fallén, 1817) Localities: Assenovgrad (NEDELKOV, 1912: 200). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Transcaucasus, Middle Asia, Japan. 12. Cheilosia vulpina (Meigen, 1822) Localities: “The Rhodops” (NEDELKOV, 1909: 114). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. 13. Cheilosia zetterstedti (Becker, 1894) Localities: Vicinity of Smolyan (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 380). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Transcaucasus. 14. Chrysogaster viduata (Linnaeus, 1758) Localities: vicinity of Smolyan (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 380). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Transcaucasus.
Brachycera
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15. Chrysotoxum arcuatum (Linnaeus, 1758) Localities: Assenovgrad (NEDELKOV, 1912: 203). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Mongolia, Japan, Transcaucasus, Iran. 16. Chrysotoxum intermedium Meigen, 1822 Localities: Assenovgrad (DRYANOVSKI, 1936: 250). Zoog. Char.: West-Palaearctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Transcaucasus, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Afghanistan; North Africa. *17. Chrysotoxum rhodopense Drenski, 1934 Localities: “Chehlyovo” (DRENSKY, 1934: 120-121). Zoog. Char.: Bulgarian endemic. Distr.: Europe: Bulgaria. 18. Chrysotoxum vernale Loew, 1841 Localities: Bachkovo Village; vicinity of Smolyan (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 368). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Kazakhstan, Transcaucasus, Middle Asia, Iran. 19. Dasysyrphus albostriatus (Fallén, 1847) Syrphus albostriatus Fallén: localities: Peshtera District: Chehlyovo (DRENSKI, 1934: 118). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Mongolia, Japan, Middle Asia. 20. Dasysyrphus lunulatus (Meigen, 1822) Syrphus lunulatus Meigen: localities: The Rhodopes (NEDELKOV, 1912: 200). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Mongolia, Japan, China, Transcaucasus: Nearctic Region. 21. Dasysyrphus venustus (Meigen, 1922) Localities: vicinity of Smolyan (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 358). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Mongolia, Transcaucasus; Nearctic Region. 22. Didea alneti (Fallén, 1817) Localities: Syutkya Summit, 2076 m (DRENSKI, 1934: 118). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Mongolia, Korea, Japan, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia; Nearctic Region. 23. Didea fasciata Macquart, 1834 Localities: Syutkya Summit, 2076 m (DRENSKI, 1934: 113). Zoog. Char.: Palaearctic-Oriental. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Transcaucasua, Siberia, Far East, Japan; Orienta Region.
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24. Epistrophe melanostoma (Zetterstedt, 1843) Syrphus melanostoma Zetterstedt: localities: Bachkovo (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 346). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Japan. 25. Eriozona syrphoides (Fallén, 1817) Localities: Chehlyovo near Peshtera Town (DRENSKY, 1934: 117). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Kazakhstan, Transcaucasus Middle Asia. 26. Eristalis arbustorum (Linnaeus, 1758) Localities: Assenovgrad (NEDELKOV, 1912: 202; BANKOVSKA, 1967: 347). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic-Oriental. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Transcaucasus, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Afghanistan, Syria, Iran; North Africa; Nearctic and Oriental Regions. 27. Eristalis pratorum Meigen, 1822 Localities: “Central Rhodopes” (SZILADY, 1934: 147). Zoog. Char.: Westpalaearctic. Distr.: Europe, Asia: West Siberia, Transcaucasus, Middle Asia, North Africa. 28. Eristalis tenax Linnaeus, 1758 Localities: Assenovgrad (NEDELKOV, 1909: 113). Zoog. Char.: Cosmopolitan. Distr.: All over the world. 29. Helophilus hybridus Loew, 1834 Tubifera hybrida Loew,1846: localities: “Central Rhodopes” (DRENSKI, 1934: 125). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Mongolia; Nearctic Region. 30. Melesia semiluctifera (Villers, 1789) Localities: Central Rhodopes: Dyovlen (= Devin)(DRENSKI, 1934: 129). Zoog. Char.: European (Euro-Iranoturanian). Distr.: Europe: France, Spain, Italy, ex Yugoslavia, Romania, Bulgaria, South Part of Russia; Asia: Transcaucasus, Turkmenia. 31. Melanostoma mellinum (Linnaeus, 1758) Localities: Central Rhodopes (DRENSKI, 1934: 116); Smolyan. (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 163). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Palaearctic part; North Africa; Nearctic Region. 32. Melyscaeva auricollis (Meigen, 1822) Syrphus auricollis Meigen: localities: “The Rhodopes” (NEDELKOV, 1912: 201). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Mediterranean. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Transcaucasus, Turkmenistan; North Africa. 33. Merodon aeneus (Meigen, 1822) Localities: vicinity of Smolyan, Assenovgrad (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 349). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Mediterranean. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Transcaucasus; North Africa.
Brachycera
631
34. Merodon armipes Rondani, 1845 Localities: Assenova Krepost (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 349). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Mediterranean. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Iran; North Africa. 35. Merodon femoratus Sack, 1913 Lampetia femorata: localities: “Central Rhodopes”: Dyovlen (= Devin)(DRENSKI, 1934: 126). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Transcaucasus, Turkey. 36. Merodon funestus (Fabricius, 1794) Localities: above Assenova Krepost near Assenovgrad (NEDELKOV, 1912: 202). Zoog. Char.: Easteuropean. Distr.: East Europe. 37. Merodon ruficornis Meigen, 1822 Localities: Rozhen Summit, 1400 m, Assenovgrad (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 350). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Transcaucasus. 38. Merodon rufus Meigen, 1912 Localities: “The Rhodopes” (NEDELKOV, 1912: 202). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Iranoturanian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Kazakhstan, Middle Asia. 39. Merodon spinipes (Fabricius, 1794) Localities: Assenovgrad (NEDELKOV, 1912: 202; Bankovska, 1967: 349). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Transcaucasus. 40. Metasyrphus corollae (Fabricius, 1794) Syrphus corollae Fabr. Localities: “The Rhodopes” (NEDELKOV, 1912: 201), Devin, Chepelare (DRENSKY, 1934: 118). Metasyrphus corollae. Localities: Assenovgrad (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 358). Zoog. Char.: Palaearctic-Oriental. Distr.: Palaearctic, Oriental Region; Tasmania. 41. Metasyrphus luniger (Meigen, 1822) Localities: vicinity of Smolyan (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 359). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic-Oriental. Distr.: Palaearctic, Nearctic, and Oriental Regions. 42. Microdon mutabilis (Linnaeus, 1758) Localities: vicinity of Smolyan (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 352). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: West Siberia, Far East, Kazakhstan, Transcaucasus. 43. Myiatropa f loraea (Linnaeus, 1758) Localities: vicinity of Smolyan (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 346). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Transcaucasus, Middle Asia, Afghanistan; North Africa.
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44. Neocnemodon vitripennis (Meigen, 1822) Localities: Batak (DRENSKI, 1934: 112). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Mongolia, China. Transcaucasus. 45. Orthonevra geniculata (Meigen, 1830) Localities: Chepelare (DRENSKI, 1934: 114). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Mongolia. 46. Orthonevra nobilis (Fallén, 1917) Localities: vicinity of Smolyan (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 373). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: West Siberia, Far East, Mongolia, China, Transcaucasus, Middle Asia. 47. Paragus bicoclor (Fallén, 1794) Localities, Dyovlen (= Devin), Shiroka Luka Village (DRENSKI, 1934: 115); Assenovgrad (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 367). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Europe, Asia: Siberia, Mongolia, Afghanistan, Transcaucasus, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Iran; North Africa; Nearctic Region. 48. Paragus tibialis (Fallén, 1817) Localities: Assenovgrad (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 367). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic-Oriental. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Mongolia, Korea, Japan, China, Afghanistan, Iran. North Africa; North America, Oriental Region. 49. Paragus tibialis var. meridionalis Becker, 1929 Localities: Assenovgrad (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 367). Zoog. Char.: West Palaearctic. Europe: Shlesien, Poland, Greece, Bulgaria; Asia: Sarepta, Turkestan, North Africa: Canary Is. 50. Pipiza austriaca Meigen, 1822 Localities: “Central Rhodopes”: Yundola (DRENSKI, 1934: 112). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Japan, Transcaucasus, Kazakhstan. 51. Pipizella virens (Fabricius, 1805) Localities: Smolyan (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 373). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Mongolia, Transcaucasus, Kazakhstan, Kirghizstan, North Iran. 52. Platycheirus albimanus (Fabricius, 1784) Platychirus albimanus (Fabr.). Localities: vicinity of Smolyan (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 363). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic-Oriental. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Mongolia, Transcaucasus, Kazakhstan, Kirghizstan, Tadjikistan; Nearctic Region; Oriental Region.
Brachycera
633
53. Pyrophaena rosarum (Fabricius, 1787) Localities: Smolyan (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 362). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Transcaucasus; Nearctic Region. 54. Scaeva pyrastri (Linnaeus, 1758) Localities: Madan, Assenovgrad (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 346). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Japan, Mongolia, N. China, Transcaucasus, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Afghanistan; North Africa; Nearctic Region. 55. Scaeva selenitica (Meigen, 1822) Lasiophthicus selenictus Meig.:(NEDELKOV, 1912: eroneosly-selenictus = selenitica): localities: “The Rhodopes” (NEDELKOV, 1912: 200). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Mongolia, China, Afganistan, Transcaucasus. 56. Syritta pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758) Localities: “The Rhodopes” (NEDELKOV, 1912: 203);: Madan (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 353). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic-Oriental species. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Mongolia, China, Middle Asia, Afghanistan, Turkey, Iran; North Africa; Nearctic and Oriental Regions. 57. Syrphus ribesii (Linnaeus, 1758) Localities: “The Rhodopes” (NEDELKOV, 1912: 200). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic species. Distr.: Europe; Asia (Palaearctic part); Nearctic Region. 58. Syrphus vitripennis (Meigen, 1922) Localities: “The Rhodopes” (NEDELKOV, 1912: 114). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic-Oriental. Distr.: Europe; Palaearctic part of Asia; Nearctic Region; Oriental Region. 59. Trichopsomyia f lavitarsis (Meigen, 1822) Heringia flavitarsis: localities: Chepelare (DRENSKI, 1934: 112). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Kazakhstan. 60. Volucella inf lata (Fabricius, 1794) Localities: “The Rhodopes” (NEDELKOV, 1912: 202). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe; Asia; Transcaucasus. 61. Volucella pellucens (Linnaeus, 1758) Localities: Assenovgrad (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 352). Zoog. Char.: Palaearctic-Oriental species. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia; Kazakhstan, Transcaucasus, Middle Asia, Mongolia, China, Korea, Japan; North Africa; Oriental Region.
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62. Volucella zonaria (Poda, 1761) Localities: Bachkovo (DRYANOVSKI, 1936: 352); Assenovgrad (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 346). Zoog. Char.: West Palaearctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Mongolia, Transcaucasus, Middle Asia, Iran; North Africa. 63. Xanthogramma pedissequum (Meigen, 1822) Xanthogramma ornatameig Meig.: localities: Above Bachkovsky Monastery (NEDELKOV, 1909: 31); Assenovgrad (NEDELKOV, 1912: 201). Xanthogramma pedissequum: localities: Bachkovo Village (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 302). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Transcaucasus, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia. 64. Xylota ignava (Panzer, 1728) Localities: Bachkovo (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 354). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Mongolia, China, Korea, Japan, Kazakhstan, Transcaucasus, Middle Asia, Zoogeographical groups of Syrphidae (64 sp.) 1. Cosmopolitan - 1: 1. Eristalis tenax. 2. Holarctic-Oriental – 6: 1. Eristalis arbustorum, 2. Metasyrphus luniger, 3. Paragus tibialis, 4. Platycheirus albimanus, 5. Syritta pipiens, 6. Syrphus vitripennis. 3. Palearctic-Oriental – 3: 1. Didea fasciata, 2. Metasyrphus corollae, 3. Volucella pellucens. 4. Holarctic – 9: 1. Dasysyrphus lunulatus, 2. D. venustus 3. Didea alneti, 4. Helophilus hybridus, 5. Melanostoma mellinum, 6. Pyrophaena rosarum, 7. Scaeva pyrastri, 8. Syrphus ribesii. 9. Paragus bicolor. 5. Westpalaearctic – 5: 1. Cheilosia albitarsis, 2. Chrysotoxum intermedium, 3. Eristalis pratorum, 4. Paragus tibialis var. meridionalis, 5. Volucella zonaria. 6. Euro-Siberian –22: 1. Baccha obscuripennis, 2. Chalcosyrphus femoratus, 3. Cheilosia montana, 4. Ch. nigripes, 5. Ch. proxima, 6. Ch. scutellata, 7. Chrysotoxum arcuatum, 8. Ch. vernale, 9. Dasysyrphus albostriatus, 10. Epistrophe melanostoma, 11. Eriozona syrphoides, 12. Microdon mutabilis, 13. Myiatropa floraea, 14. Neocnemodon vitripennis, 15. Orthonevra geniculata, 16. O. nobilis, 17. Pipiza austriaca, 18. Pipizella virens, 19. Scaeva selenitica, 20. Trichopsomyia flavitarsis, 21. Xanthogramma pedissequum, 22. Xylota ignava. 7. Euro-Iranoturanian – 2: 1. Melesia semiluctifera, 2. Merodon rufus. 8. Euro-Mediterranean – 3: 1. Melyscaeva auricollis, 2. Merodon aeneus, 3. Merodon armipes. 9. European – 12: 1. Arctophila bombiformis, 2. Arctophila mussitans, 3. Chalcosyrphus pannonicus, 4. Cheilosia melanopa, 5. Ch. vulpina, 6. Ch. zetterstedti, 7. Chrysogaster viduata, 8. Merodon femoratus, 9. M. funestus, 10. M. ruficornis, 11. M. spinipes, 12. Volucella inflata. 10. Endemic elements – 1: Chrysotoxum rhodopense. Zoogeographical structure of Syrphidae in percentage (64 sp.). 1. Cosmopolitan - 1 ............................. 1,56 % 2. Holarctic-Oriental - 6 ...................... 9,37 %
Brachycera 3. Palearctic-Oriental – 3 .................... 4,69 4. Holarctic - 9 .................................... 14,06 5. Westpalaearctic – 5 ......................... 7,81 6. Euro-Siberian - 22 ......................... 34,38 7. Euro-Westasian – 2 .......................... 3,13 8. Euro-Mediterranean – 3 ................. 4,69 9. European - 12 ................................. 18,75 10. Endemic elements – 1 ................... 1,56
635
% % % % % % % %
8. Family Pipunculidae (1 sp.) 1. Pipunculus spinipes Meigen, 1830 Localities: Bachkovo (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 311). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Finland, Denmark, Great Britain, Sweden, Poland, Italy, Austria, ex Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, North and Central European Part of Russia. Sectio Schizophora Calyptrata 9. Family Muscidae (68 sp.) A part of the Muscidae species is published by some of the authors generally referring them to “the Rhodopes Mnts” without localities. They are given as elements of the West-Rhodopean fauna in the “”. The nomenclature and geography is corrected by GREGOR et all (2002). 1. Azelia cilipes (Haliday, 1838) Localities: Vicinity of Chepelare Town, 1100 m (LAVČIEV, 2003: 17). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Japan; Nearctic Region. 2. Brontaea eremophila (Brauer et Bergenstamm, 1894) Gymnodia impedita Pan.: localities: “The Rodopes Mts” (LAVČIEV, 1972: 104). Zoog. Char.: Palaearctic-Afrotropical. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Uzbekistan, Tadjikistan, Syria, Iraq, Israel, Turkey, Iran; North Africa; Afrotropical Region. 3. Coenosia bilineella (Zetterstedt, 1839) Localities: Batak Dam Lake, Waterside (LAVČIEV, 2003: 58-59). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia and Far East. 4. Coenosia intermedia (Fallén, 1825) Localities: at the foot of Syutkya Summit, 1600 m (LAVČIEV, 2003: 59). Zoog. Char.: Disjunctive Palaearctic. Distr.: Europe, Asia: East Siberia. 5. Dasyphora pratorum (Meigen, 1826) Localities: “The Rhodopes” (NEDELKOV, 1912: 210). Zoog. Char.: Westpalaearctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: West Siberia, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Tadjikistan, Iraq, Israel, Jordan; North Africa: Madeira Is.
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6. Dexiopsis ruficornis (Macquart, 1835) Localities: Smolyan Lakes, at the foot of Syutkya Summit, 1100-1700 m (LAVČIEV, 2003: 57-58). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: West Siberia. 7. Drymeia alpicola Rondani, 1871 Localities: Vicinity of Smolyan Town and the foot of Syutkya Summit (1100-1700 m) (LAVČIEV, 2003: 20). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Turkey, China; Nearctic Region. 8. Drymeia cinerea (Meigen, 1826 Eriphya cinerea Mg.: localities: Erkyuprya(=Choudnite mostove) (LAVČIEV, 1964: 158). Drymeia cinerea: localities: Choudnite Mostove Locality near Dospat Town, 1700 m (LAVČIEV, 2003: 20). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe: France, Switzerland, Austria, Hungary, Italy, Bulgaria. 9. Eudasyphora zimini (Hennig, 1963) Localities: Smolyan, Chehlyovo Village, 1000 m (LAVČIEV, 2003: 31). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. 10. Hebecnema vespertina (Fallén, 1823) (LAVÈIEV, 2003: 49 gives both vespertina and affinis as separate species). Hebecnema affinis Malloch, 1921: localities: District of Smolyan: Trigrad Village (LAVČIEV, 1972: 104). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia; Uzbekistan, Israel, Japan; North Africa: Canary Is; Nearctic Region. 11. Helina allotalla Meigen, 1830 Localities: Below Syutkya Summit (LAVČIEV, 1965: 138). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. 12. Helina cilipes (Schnabl, 1902) Localities: District of Smolyan: Stoikite Village (LAVČIEV, 2003:39). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. 13. Helina cinerella (Van Der Wulp, 1867) Helina vander wulpi (Schnabl, 1888): localities: below Perelik Summit (LAVČIEV, 1965a: 139); Perelik Hut (LAVÈIEV, 2003: 39). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Tadjikistan, Far East; Nearctic Region. 14. Helina confinis (Fallén, 1825) Helina anseps (Zetterstedt, 1838): localities: Dospat; 2003, 40: (LAVČIEV, 1966: 79). Zoog. Char.: Euro Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Far East; China
Brachycera
637
15. Helina evecta (Harris, 1780) Helina lucorum Fall.: localities: Chehlovo Village (LAVČIEV, 1966: 79). Zoog. Char.: Subcosmopolitan. Distr.: Palaeacrtic: Europe, Asia, North Africa; Neotropical, Oriental and Afrotropical Regions. 16. Helina fratercula (Zetterstedt, 1845) Localities: District of Smolyan: Trigrad Village (LAVČIEV, 2003: 40-41). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. 17. Helina impuncta (Fallén, 1825) Localities: Vicinity of Smolyan (LAVČIEV, 2003: 41). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe. Asia: West Siberia, Japan. 18. Helina moedlingensis (Schnabl, 1911) Localities: Smolyan Lakes (LAVČIEV, 2003: 42). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Iranoturanian. Distr.: Europe. Asia: Kazakhstan, Tadjikistan, Kirghizstan; Oriental Region: Pakistan. 19. Helina montana (Rondani, 1866) Localities: Yundola (LAVČIEV, 2003: 42). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Iranoturanian. Distr.: Europe: Austria, Czech Republic, Italy, Bulgaria; Asia: Iran Oriental Region: Kashmir. 20. Helina obscurata (Meigen, 1826) Localities: Below Summit Syutkya (LAVČIEV, 1965a: 138). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Kazakhstan, Tadjikistan, Kirghizstan and Japan; Nearctic Region. 21. Helina obtusipennis (Fallén, 1823) Enoplopteryx obtusipennis Fallén, 1823: localities: Below Syutkya Summit; vicinity of Smolyan and near Studenets Hut, 600-1850 m (LAVČIEV, 1965a: 139). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Turkey. 22. Helina pandellei (Villeneuve, 1922) Localities: District of Smolyan: Zabardo Village (LAVČIEV, 1965b: 125). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Poland, France, Bulgaria. 23. Helina pubescens (Stein, 1893) Localities: Below Perelik Summit (LAVČIEV, 2003: 43). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. Asia: Turkey. 24. Helina pubiseta (Zetterstedt, 1845) Localities: Yundola (LAVČIEV, 2003: 43). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe.
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V.L. BESCHOVSKI
25. Helina quadrinotata (Meigen, 1826) Localities: Yundola (LAVČIEV, 2003: 43). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. 26. Helina quadrum (Fabricius, 1805) Localities: Below Perelik Summit (LAVČIEV, 1965a: 139). Zoog. Char.: Palaearctic. Distr.: Europe. Asia: West Siberia, Far East, Japan; North Africa: Morocco, Canary Is. 27. Helina setiventris Ringdahl, 1924 Localities: Below Syutkya Summit (LAVČIEV, 2003: 43). Zoog.Char. Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe. Asia: West Siberia, Uzbekistan, Turkey. 28. Helina spinicosta (Zetterstedt 1845) Localities: Vicinity of Smolyan Town (LAVČIEV, 2003: 44). Zoog. Char.: Disjunctive Palaearctic. Distr.: North Europe, Bulgaria; Asia: Far East; North America: Alaska. 29. Helina subvittata (Seguy, 1923) Localities: Distr.: District of Smolyan: Chehlyovo Village (LAVČIEV, 2003: 44). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Kazakhstan, Japan; Nearctic Region. 30. Helina trivittata (Zetterstedt, 1860) Localities: “Western Rhodopes Mts” (LAVČIEV, 2003: 44). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: West Siberia. **31. Helina tuleskovi Lavčiev, 1968 Localities: Golyam Perelik Summit, 1100-1200 m (LAVČIEV, 1968: 63-64). Zoog. Char.: Bulgarian (Rhodopes) endemic. Distr.: Bulgaria - The Rhodopes. 32. Hydrotaea armipes (Fallén, 1825) Localities: “Rhodopes Mts.” (LAVČIEV, 2003: 21). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic-Oriental. Distr.: Palaearctic, Nearctic and Oriental Regions. 33. Hydrotaea borrusica Stein, 1899 Localities: Rhodopes Mts. - in mountain regions (LAVČIEV, 2003: 21). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Iranoturanian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Iran. 34. Hydrotaea cyrtoneurina (Zetterstedt, 1845) Localities: District of Smolyan: Trigrad Village and Zabardo. (LAVČIEV, 1964a: 158). Zoog. Char.: Palaearctic-Oriental. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Mongolia, Korea, Tadjikistan, Turkey; Oriental Region: India.
Brachycera
639
35. Hydrotaea hirticeps (Fallén, 1824) Hydrotaea bezzi Stein, 1899: localities: Villages Trigrad and Zabardo (LAVČIEV, 1964a: 158). Hydrotaea hirticeps: localities: District of Smolyan, near Trigrad Village, 1000 m (LAVČIEV, 2003: 23). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: South Europe; Asia: Armenia. 36. Hydrotaea militaris (Meigen, 1826) Localities: At the foot of Perelik Summit; District of Smolyan: Trigrad Village (LAVČIEV, 2003: 24). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, China; Nearctic Region. 37. Hydrotaea palaestrica (Meigen, 1820) Localities: Perelik Hut (LAVČIEV, 1965a: 137). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Centralasian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Mongolia. 38. Hydrotaea pandellei Stein, 1899 Localities: “The Rhodopes Mts” (LAVČIEV, 2003: 243). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Centralasian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Turkey, Afghanistan, Mongolia. 39. Hydrotaea parva Meade, 1889 Localities: Near Beglika Dam, 1600 m (LAVČIEV, 2003: 24). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Centralasian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Mongolia, China. 40. Hydrotaea pellucens Portschinsky, 1879 Localities: District of Smolyan, above Trigrad Village, 1000 m (LAVČIEV, 2003: 24). Zoog. Char.: Westpalaearctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: West Siberia, Turkey; North Africa: Morocco. 41. Hydrotaea penicillata (Rondani, 1866) Localities: District of Smolyan, abov Trigrad Village; Perelik Hut (LAVČIEV, 1964: 158). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe: South and Central Regions; Asia: Turkey. 42. Hydrotaea similis Meade, 1887 Localities: “Rhodopes Mts” (LAVČIEV, 2003: 25). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Far East, Israel, China. 43. Lispe consanguinea Loew, 1858 Localities: District of Smolyan: Smolyan Lakes (LAVČIEV, 2003: 54). Zoog. Char.: Palaearctic. Distr.: Europe, Asia: East Siberia, Far East, Kazakhstan, Tadjikistan, Turkey, Iran, China, Japan; North Africa: Algeria? 44. Lispe longicollis Meigen, 1826 Localities: District of Smolyan: Trigrad Village (LAVČIEV, 2003: 55). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Mediterranean. Distr.: Europe, South Asia, North Africa.
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45. Mesembtina meridiana (Linnaeus, 1758) Localities: Vicinity of Bachkovsky Manastery (NEDELKOV, 1909: 119); Batak; Beglika locality (LAVČIEV, 1966: 77). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Mongolia, China; Kazakhstan, Georgia, Kirghizstan; North Africa: ?Algeria. 46. Mesembrina mystacea (Linnaeus, 1758) Localities: Chehlyovo Village (LAVČIEV, 2003: 26). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Centralasian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Georgia, Turkey. 47. Mesembtina resplendens Wahlberg, 1844 Localities: at the foot of Syutkya Summit, 1600-1900 m (LAVČIEV, 1966: 77). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East. 48. Musca domestica (Linnaeus, 1758) Localities: Assenovgrad Town (NEDELKOV, 1912: 119). Zoog. Char.: Cosmopolitan. Distr.: In all regions. 49. Phaonia alpicola (Zetterstedt, 1845) Localities: at the foot of Syutkya Summit, 1500 m (LAVČIEV, 2003: 33). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: West Siberia, Far East; Nearctic Region. 50. Phaonia angelicae (Scopoli, 1763) Localities: “Rhodopes Mts” (LAVČIEV, 2003, 33). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: East Siberia, Georgia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Korea, Turkey. 51. Phaonia bitincta Rondani, 1866 Localities: District of Smolyan: Chaira locality above Trigrad Village (LAVČIEV 1964a: 159). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. 52. Phaonia candicans (Pandelle, 1898) Localities: “The Western Rhodopes Mts” (LAVČIEV, 2003: 343). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Transcaucasus. 53. Phaonia consobrina (Zetterstedt, 1838) Mydaea marmorata Zett.: localities: “The Rhodopes” (NEDELKOV, 1912: 211). Phaonia consobrina: localities: below t Chengene Chal Summit (LAVČIEV, 2003: 34). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East; Nearctic Region. 54. Phaonia errans (Meigen, 1826) Phaonia erratica Fallén, 1825: localities: “Rhodopes” (NEDELKOV, 1912: 210). Phaonia errans: localities: “Rhodopes” (LAVČIEV, 2003: 34, probably by NEDELKOV, 1912).
Brachycera
641
Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Palaearctic. Europe; Asia: West Siberia, Far East, Tadjikistan, Mongolia, China, Japan; Nearctic Region. 55. Phaonia falleni Michelsen, 1977 Localities: Perelik Hut, 1200-1600 m (LAVČIEV, 2003: 34). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East. 56. Phaonia fuscata (Fallén, 1825) Localities: “Rhodopes Mts.” (LAVČIEV, 2003: 35). Zoog. Char.: Palaearctic-Oriental. Distr.: Palaearctic and Oriental Regions. 57. Phaonia incana (Wiedemann, 1817) Localities: vicinity of Smolyan: Stoikite Village (LAVČIEV, 2003: 35). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: East Siberia, Far East, Mongolia, China, Turkey. 58. Phaonia lugubris (Meigen, 1826) Localities: Assenovgrad Town (NEDELKOV, 1912: 210). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Tadjikistan. 59. Phaonia mystica (Meigen, 1826) Localities: under Perelik Summit, 2000 m (LAVČIEV, 1964: 159). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. 60. Phaonia subventa (Harris, [1780]) Localities: Trigrad Village (LAVČIEV, 2003: 38). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. 61. Phaonia trimaculata (Scopoli, 1763) Localities: “Western Rhodopes Mts” (LAVČIEV, 2003: 38). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Mediterranean, Distr.: Europe; Asia: Israel; North Africa. 62. Polietes lardaria (Fabricius, 1781) Localities: “Rhodopes Mts” (LAVČIEV, 1964: 159; 2003: 27). Zoog. Char.: Euro Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East; Afrotropical Region (St Helena I.). 63. Spilogona denigrata (Meigen, 1826) Limnophora (Spilogona) denigrata Meig.: localities: “Rila, Jundola” (=Yundola), 1500 m (LAVČIEV, 1966: 80). Spilogona denigrata: localities: “Rhodopes Mts - Yundola” (LAVČIEV, 2003: 51). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. 64. Thricops cunctans (Meigen, 1826) Localities: “Western Rhodopes Mts.” (LAVČIEV, 2003: 18). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Far East, Mongolia, Japan, Transcaucasus.
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65. Thricops genarum (Zetterstedt, 1845) Alloestylus sundewalli (Zetterstedt, 1845): localities: at the foot of Syutkya Summit (LAVČIEV, 1965a: 137). Thricops sundewalli (Zetterstedt, 1845): localities: LAVČIEV, 2003: 19 (by LAVČIEV, 1965a). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe: Asia: East Siberia. 66. Thricops longipes (Zetterstedt, 1845) Localities: “Western Rhodopes Mts” (LAVČIEV, 2003: 18). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia; Transcaucasus. 67. Thricops nigrifrons (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) Hera variabilis Fall.: localities: Chehlyovo Village (LAVČIEV, 1966: 78). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: West Siberia, Georgia, Turkey, Iran. 68. Thricops sudeticus (Schnabl, 1888) Localities: at the foot of Perelik and Syutkya Summits, 800-2000 m (LAVČIEV, 2003: 19-20). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe; Asia:Turkey. Zoogeographical groups of Muscidae (68 sp.) 1. Cosmopolitan -1. Musca domestica 2. Subcosmopolitan - 1. Helina evecta 3. Holarctic-Oriental - 1. Hydrotaea armipes. 4. Holarctic - 10 - 1. Azelia cilipes 2. Drymeia alpicola, 3. Hebecnema vespertina , 4. Helina cinerella, 5. H. obscurata, 6. H. subvittata, 7. Hydrotaea militaris, 8. Phaonia alpicola, 9. Ph. consobrina, 10. Ph. errans, 5. Palaearctic-Afrotropical - 1: Brontaea eremophila. 6. Palaearctic-Oriental - 2: 1. Hydrotaea cyrtoneurina, 2. Phaonia fuscata. 7. Holopalaearctic: 2: 1. Helina quadrum, 2. Lispe consanguinea. 8. Euro-Siberian - 20: 1. Coenosia bilineella, 2. C. intermedia, 3. Dexiopsis ruficornis, 4. Helina confinis, 5. H. impuncta, 6. H. setiventris, 7. H. spinicosta, 8. H. trivittata, 9. Hydrotaea similis, 10. Mesembrina meridiana, 11. M. resplendens, 12. Phaonia angelicae, 13. Ph. falleni, 14. Ph. incana, 15. Ph. lugubris, 16. Polietes lardaria, 17. Thricops cunctans, 18. Th. genarum, 19. Th. longipes, 20. Th. nigrifrons. 9. West Palaearctic - 2: 1. Dasyphora pratorum, 2. Hydrotaea pellucens. 10. Europ-Iranoturanian – 3: 1. Helina moedlingensis, 2. Helina montana. 3. Hydrotaea borrusica. 11. Euro-Centralasian – 4: 1. Hydrotaea palaestrica, 2. H. pandellei, 3. H. parva. 4. Mesembrina mystacea, 12. European – 18: 1. Drymeia cinerea, 2. Eudasyphora zimini, 3. Helina allotalla, 4. H. cilipes, 5. H. fratercula, 6. H. obtusipennis, 7. H. pandellei, 8. H. pubescens, 9. H. pubiseta,10. H. quadrinotata,11. Hydrotaea hirticeps,12. H. penicillata, 13. Phaonia bitincta,14. Ph. candicans,15. Ph. mystica,16. Ph. subventa, 17. Spilogona denigrata, 18. Thricops sudeticus. 13. Euro-mediterranean - 2: 1. Lispe longicollis, 2. Phaonia trimaculata. 14. Bulgarian-Rhodopean Endemic - 1 **Helina tuleskovi.
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Zoogeographical structure of Muscidae in percentages (68 sp.). 1. Cosmopolitan - 1 .......................................... 1,47 % 2. Subcosmopolitan - 1 .................................... 1,47 % 3. Holarctic-Oriental - 1 ................................... 1,47 % 4. Holarctic - 10 ...............................................14,71 % 5. Palaearctic-Afrotropical - 1 ......................... 1,47 % 6. Palaearctic-Oriental - 2 ................................ 2,95 % 7. Holopalaearctic - 2 ....................................... 2,95 % 8. Euro-Siberian - 20 ......................................29,41 % 9. Westpalaearctic - 2 ....................................... 2,94 % 10. Euro-Iranoturanian - 3 ................................ 4,41 % 11. Euro-Centralasian - 4 ................................... 6,35% 12. European - 18 .............................................26,47 % 13. Euro-Mediterranean - 2 .............................. 2,94 % 14. Bulgarian-Rhodopean Endemic - 1 ........ 1,47 % 10. Family Anthomyidae (15 sp.) 1. Adia coerulescens (Strobl, 1893) Paregle coerulescens: localities: Pamporovo, 1700 m (LAVČIEV, 1965b : 123). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Spain, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Austria, Hungary, former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia. 2. Anhtomyia pluvialis (Linnaeus, 1758) Localities: Trigrad Village (LAVČIEV, 1972: 103). Zoog. Char.: Holopalaearctic. Distr.: Europe: Asia: Transcaucasus, Middle Asia, China, Japan; North Africa: Morocco, Azores, Madeira. 3. Calythea nigricans (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) Calythea albicincta (Fallén, 1825): localities: Trigrad (LAVČIEV, 1972: 104). Zoog. Char.: Holopalaearctic. Distr.: Europe, Asia: Middle Asia, Syria, China; North Afriac: Morocco, Algeria. 4. Delia antiqua (Meigen, 1826) Hylemyia antiqua Meigen: localities: “The Rhodopes” (NEDELKOV, 1912: 211). Chortophila antiqua Meig.: localities: Assenovgrad District (“KOLLEKTIV”, 1956: 46). Zoog. Char.: Cosmopolitan. Distr.: In all regions. 5. Delia cardui (Meigen, 1826) Localities: Rhodopes: Syutkya Summit, 1400 m (LAVČIEV, 1965b: 122). Zoog. Char.: Disjunctive Palaearctic. Distr.: Europe: Asia: Transcaucasus, China. 6. Delia f lorilega (Zetterstedt, 1848) Localities: Syutkya Summit, 1900 m (LAVČIEV, 1965b: 122). Zoog. Char.: Disjunctive Palaearctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: China.
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7. Egle ciliata (Walker, 1849) Egle muscaria Meigen: localities: Syutkya Summit, 1900 m (LAVČIEV, 1965b: 123 – 124). District of Smolyan: Dospat Village, 1300 m. Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Palaearctic: Europe; Asia: Far East, Japan; Nearctic Region. 8. Egle parva (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) Localities: Pamporovo, 1700 m (LAVČIEV,1965b: 124). Zoog. Char.: Disjunctive Palaearctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Far East; China, Japan. 9. Euastalomyia histrio (Zetterstedt, 1838) Localities: Perelik Hut, 1110 m (LAVČIEV, 1965b: 121). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe (Excl. Iberian Peninsula). 10. Hylemyia vagans (Panzer, 1798) Hylemyia strigosa (Fabricius, 1794): localities: “The Rhodopes” (NEDELKOV, 1912, 211. Zoog. Char.: Westpalaearctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Transcaucasus, China, Syria; North Africa. 11. Lasiomma octoguttatum (Zetterstedt, 1845) Chortophila octoguttata (Zetterstedt, 1845): localities: Syutkya Summit, 1900 m; Trigrad Village, 1200 m (LAVČIEV, 1965b: 122). Zoog. Char.: Disjunctive Palaearctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Far East, Korea, China, Japan. 12. Leucophora grisella Hennig, 1967 Localities: Trigrad Village, 1200 m Chaira locality, 1550 m., above Trigrad Village (LAVČIEV, 1965b, 124). Zoog. Char.: Disjunctive Palaearctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Korea, China, Japan. 13. Pegoplata aestiva (Meigen, 1826) Paregle aestiva Meigen, 1826: localities: Zabardo, District of Smolyan, 1400 m (LAVČIEV, 1965b: 123). Zoog. Char.: Disjunctive Palaearctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: China. 14. Pegomyia setaria (Meigen, 1826) Localities: Perelik Summit, 1110 m (LAVČIEV, 1965b: 121, 122). Zoog. Char.: Disjunctive Palaearctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: China. 15. Subhylemyia longula (Fallén, 1824) Chortophila longula (Fallén, 1824): localities: Zabardo Village, district of Smolyan, 1400 m., Trigrad Village, 1200 m (LAVČIEV, 1965b: 122). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, China; North Africa: Canary Is. Zoogeographical groups of Anthomyidae (15 sp.). 1. Cosmopolitan - 1: Delia antiqua. 2. Holarctic – 1: Egle ciliata. 3. Holopalaearctic – 2: 1. Anhtomyia pluvialis, 2. Calythea nigricans.
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4. Disjunctive Palaearctic - 7: 1. Delia cardui, 2. D. florilega, 3. Egle parva, 4. Lasiomma octoguttatum, 5. Leucophora grisella. 6. Pegoplata aestiva, 7. P. setaria. 5. Euro-Siberian – 1: Subhylemyia longula 6. Westpalaearctic – 1: Hylemyia vegans. 7. European – 2: 1. Adia coerulescens, 2. Euastalomyia histrio. Zoogeographical structure of Anthomyiidae in percentages 1. Cosmopolitan - 1 ........................ 6,67 % 2. Holarctic - 1 ................................. 6,67 % 3. Holopalaearctic - 2 ................... 13,33 % 4. Disjunctive Palaearctic - 7 ....... 46,66 % 5. Euro-Siberian - 1 ......................... 6,67 % 6. Westpalaearctic - 1 ...................... 6,67 % 7. European - 2 .............................. 13,33 % 11. Family Calliphoridae (8 sp.) 1. Bellardia siciliensis (Villeneuve, 1926) Onesia siciliensis (Villeneuve, 1926): Localities: Bachkovo (JACENTKOVSKI, 1936: 115). Zoog. Char.: Southeuropean. Distr.: Europe: Italy (Sicily), Bulgaria. 2. Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Calliphora erythrocephala Meigen, 1826: localities: Assenovgrad (NEDELKOV, 1909: 119). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Palaearctic (Europe, Asia, North Africa); Nearctic. 3. Lucilia silvarum (Meigen, 1826) Localities: Bachkovo (JACENTKOVSKI, 1936: 115). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia (Palaearctic part.). 4. Pollenia bisulca Pandellé, 1896 Localities: Bachkovo (JACENTKOVSKI, 1936: 114). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Mediterranean. Distr.: Europe: France, Bulgaria; North Africa: Algeria. **5. Pollenia bulgarica Jacentkovsky, 1939 Localities: Bachkovsky Monastery (Described from Bachkovo and Sliven) (JACENTKOVSKI, 1939: 190-192). Zoog. Char.: Southeast European. Distr.: Europe: Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania. 6. Pollenia vagabunda (Meigen, 1826) Localities: Bachkovsky Monastery (DRENSKY, 1958: 119). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Mediterranean. Distr.: Europe and North Africa (Algeria). 7. Rhyncomyia impavida Rossi, 1790 Localities: “The Rhodopes”, Assenovgrad (NEDELKOV, 1912: 208). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Mediterranean. Distr.: Europe: Italy, former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Greece; Asia: Turkey, Cyprus, Israel, Arab states; North Africa: Algeria.
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8. Rhyncomyia speciosa (Loew, 1844) Localities: Vicinity of Gotse Delchev, Mesta riverside (DRENSKI, 1958: 117). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Eastmediterranean. Distr.: Europe France, Central and Southeast Europe; Asia: Arab States, Turkey. Zoogeographical groups of Calliphoridae (8 sp.) 1. Holarctic – 1: Calliphora vicina. 2. Euro-Siberian - 1. Lucilia silvarum 3. Euro-Mediterranean – 4: 1. Pollenia bisulca, 2. P. vagabunda, 3. Rhyncomyia impavida. 4. R. speciosa. 4. European (Southeuropean) – 2: Bellardia siciliensis, 2. Pollenia bulgarica. Zoogeographical structure of Calliphoridae in percentages 1. Holarctic – 1.............................. 12,50 %. 2. Euro-Siberian – 1 ..................... 12,50 %. 3. Euro-Mediterranean – 4 .......... 50,00 % 4. European – 2 ............................ 25,00 %. 12. Family Rhinophoridae (1 sp.) 1. Stevenia panonica Villeneuve, 1919 Stevenia lateralis Macquart, 1849 (Eroneosly): localities: Bachkovo (JACENTKOVSKI, 1937: 1. JACENTKOVSKI, 1936: 118). Zoog. Char.: South-Easteuropean. Distr.: Romania, Bulgaria (HERTING, 1993 does not include Bulgaria in the species range). Zoogeographical groups and structure in percentages of Rhinophoridae I. European group – 1: Stevenia panonica 13. Family Sarcophagidae (12 sp.) 1. Bercaea cruentata (Meigen, 1826) Coprosarcophora haemorrhoidalis (Fallén, 1817): localities: Bachkovo (DRENSKY, 1957: 220). Zoog. Char.: Subcosmopolitan. Distr.: Palaearctic, Holarctic, Oriental, Afrotropical and Neotropical Regions. 2. Eurychaeta muscaria (Meigen, 1826) Localities: Bachkovo (JACENTKOVSKY, 1936: 117). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: France, Germany, Austria, Italy, Hungary, former Czechoslovakia, Poland, Bulgaria. 3. Heteronychia filia (Rondani, 1860) Localities: Bachkovo: (JACENTKOVSKY, 1936: 116). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europ (Excl. Pyrenean and Scandinavian Peninsula).
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4. Heteronychia benaci (Böttcher, 1913) Sarcophaga benaci Böttcher, 1913: localities: Bachkovo: (JACENTKOVSKY, 1936: 116). Zoog. Char.: Southeuropean. Distr.: Italy, Former Yugoslavia. Bulgaria. 5. Heteronychia haemorrhoides (Böttcher, 1913) Localities: Bachkovo (JACENTKOVSKY, 1936: 119). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: West Siberia, Transcaucasus, Turkey. 6. Heteronychia vagans (Meigen, 1826) Localities: “Rhodopes” (NEDELKOV, 1912: 207). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Transcaucasus, Siberia, Far East, Japan. 7. Parasarcophaga jacobsoni Rohdendorf, 1937 Localities: Bachkovo (JACENTKOVSKY, 1936: 116). Zoog. Char.: Palaeactic-Oriental. Distr.: Europe (Middle and South part); Asia (excl. Siberia). 8. Parasarcophaga tibialis (Macquart, 1850) (Parasarcophaga beckeri Villeneuve in Becker, 1908); Sarcophaga beckeri Vill., 1908): localities: Bachkovo (JACENTKOVSKY, 1936: 116). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Afrotropical. Distr.: Palaearctic: Europe: Spain, France, Malta, Italy, former Czechoslovakia, former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Greece.; North Africa, incl. Canary Is.; Afrotropical Region. 9. Pierretia rostrata (Pandellé, 1896) Localities: Bachkovo: (JACENTKOVSKY, 1936: 115). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. 10. Senotainia albifrons (Rondani, 1859) Localities: Bachkovo: (JACENTKOVSKY, 1936: 117). Zoog. Char.: Palaearctic-Palaeotropical. Distr.: Palaearcti, Afrotropical and Oriental Regions. 11. Senotainia tricuspis (Meigen, 1838) Localities: Bachkovo (JACENTKOVSKY, 1936: 118). Zoog. Char.: Palaearctic-Oriental. Distr.: Palaearctic (Europe, Asia, North Africa). 12. Thyrsocnema incisilobata (Pandellé, 1896) Localities: Bachkovo (JACENTKOVSKY, 1936: 116). Zoog. Char.: Westpalaearctic. Distr.: Europe; West Asia; North Africa) Zoogeographical groups of Sarcophagidae (12 sp.) 1. Subcosmopolitan – 1: Bercaea cruentata; 2. Palaearctic-Palaeotropical – 1: Senotainia albifrons; 3. Palaearctic-Oriental – 2: 1. Senotainia tricuspis; 2. Parasarcophaga jacobsoni;
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Sectio Schizophora Acalyptrata 14. Family Conopidae (11 sp.) 1. Conops elegans Meigen, 1824 Localities: “Central Rhodopes” (DRENSKI, 1939: 76). Zoog. Charac.: Mediterranean. Distr.: Spain, France, Italy, Bulgaria; Asia: Syria; North Africa. 2. Conops f lavipes Linnaeus, 1758 Localities: Chehlyovo, 1900 m (DRENSKY, 1939: 77). Zoog. Charac.: Palaearctic - Oriental. Distr.: Europe, Asia. 3. Dalmannia punctata (Fabricius, 1794) Localities: Assenovgrad, vicinity of Smolyan (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 308). Zoog. Charac.: Euro-Iranoturanian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Transcaucasus, Middle Asia, Turkey. 4. Myopotta pallipes (Wiedemann in Meigen, 1824) Melanosoma pallipes (Meigen): localities: Central Rhodopes: Belovo (DRENSKY, 1939: 79). Zoog. Charac.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: West Siberia, Mongolia, China, Iran, Kazakhstan, Turkey. 5. Myopa buccata (Linnaeus, 1758) Localities: vicinity of Smolyan, Bachkovo (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 309). Zoog. Charac.: Holopalaearctic. Distr.: Europe, Asia (Palaearctic part), North Africa. 6. Myopa picta Panzer, [1798] Localities: vicinity of Smolyan (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 309). Zoog. Charac.: Palaearctic-Oriental. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Transcaucasus, Middle Asia, China, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, Arab states; North Africa; Oriental Region: India.
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7. Physocephala rufipes Fabricius, 1781 Localities: Chepelare (NEDELKOV, 1912: 217). Zoog. Charac.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Transcaucasus, Middle Asia, Turkey. 8. Sicul ferrugineus (Linnaeus, 1761) Localities: “Central Rhodopes” (DRENSKY, 1939: 80). Zoog. Charac.: Holopalaearctic. Distr.: Palaearctic Region. 9. Thecophora atra (Fabricius, 1775) Localities: Assenovgrad (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 309). Zoog. Charac.: Palaearctic-Oriental. Distr.: Palaearctic Region; Oriental Region: India. 10. Zodion cinereum (Fabricius, 1794) Localities: Madan (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 310). Zoog. Charac.: Palaearctic-Oriental. Distr.: Palaearctic Region; Oriental Region: India. 11. Zodion notatum (Meigen, 1804) Localities: “Central Rhodopes”: Chehlyovo, 1600 m (DRENSKI, 1939: 77); Assenovgrad (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 310). Zoog. Charac.: Holopalaearctic. Distr.: Palaearctic Regio. Zoogeographical groups of Conopidae (11 sp.). 1. Palaearctic-Oriental - 4: 1. Conops flavipes, 2. Myopa picta, 3. Thecophora atra, 4. Zodion cinereum. 2. Holopalaearctis – 3: 1. Myopa buccata, 2. Sicul ferrugineus, 3. Zodion notatum. 3. Euro-Siberian – 2: 1, Myopotta pallipes, 2. Physocephala rufipes. 4. Euro-Iranoturanian – 1: Dalmannia punctata 5. Mediterranean – 1: Conops elegans. Zoogeographical structure of Conopidae in percentages 1. Palaearctic-Oriental - 4 ....... 36,40,30 % 2. Holopalaearctis – 4 ................... 27,30 % 3. Euro-Siberian – 2 ...................... 18,20 % 4. Euro-mediterranean – 2 ........... 18,20 % 15. Family Platystomidae (1 sp.) 1. Platystoma tegularium Loew, 1859 Platystoma tegularium Loew: localities: above Bachkovsky Monastery (NEDELKOV, 1909: 38). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: France, Italy, Austria, Hungary, ex Yugoslavia, Romania, Bulgaria. Zoogeopgraphical groups of Platystomatidae 1. European: - 1 sp. (100 %): Platystoma tegurarium.
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16. Family Tephritidae (3 sp.) 1. Aciura coryli (Rossi, 1792) Localities: Chepelare, Chepino (DRENSKY, 1943: 99-101). Zoog. Charac.: Mediterranean-Iranoturanian Distr.: Southern Europe; Asia: Transcaucasus, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Iran; Canary Is. 2. Oxyna f lavipennis (Loew, 1844) Localities: Peshtera (DRENSKY, 1943: 111). Zoog. Charac.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Northern and Central part of Europe; Asia: Transcaucasus, Siberia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia. 3. Rhagoletis cerasi Linnaeus, 1758 Localities: District of Assenovgrad (KOLEKTIV, 1956: 64). Zoog. Charac.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Northern and Central Europe; Asia: Transcaucasus, West Siberia, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia. Zoogeographical groups of Tephritridae (3 sp.) 1. Euro-Siberian- 2 sp. 1. Oxyna flavipennis, 2. Rhagoletis cerasi. 2. Mediterranean-Iranoturanian – 1 sp.: Aciura coryli. Zoogeographical structure of Tephritidae in percentages 1. Euro-Siberian - 2 .......... 66,67 % 2. Mediterranean - 1 ........ 33,33 % 17. Family Chamaemyiidae (6 sp.) 1. Chamaemyia aestiva Tanasijtchuk, 1970 Localities: Smolyan Lakes, Pamporovo, Snezhanka Summit, 1925 m (TANASIJTCHUK, BESCHOVSKI, 1991: 20). Zoog. Charac.: Holopalaearctic. Distr.: Palaearctic Region. 2. Chamaemyia aridella (Fallén, 1923) Localities: Smolyan lakes (TANASIJTCHUK, BESCHOVSKI, 1991: 21). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Great Britain, Poland, Hungary, Former Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria. 3. Chamaemyia emiliae Tanasijtchuk, 1970 Localities: Smolyan Lakes (TANASIJTCHUK, BESCHOVSKI, 1991: 26). Zoog. Charac.: Euro-Centralasian. Distr.: Europe: Hungary, Bulgaria, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine,; Asia: Transcaucasus, Kazakhstan. 4. Chamaemyia juncotum (Fallén, 1823) Localities: Smolyan Lakes, Snezhanka Summit, 1200 m (TANASIJTCHUK, BESCHOVSKI, 1991: 23). Zoog. Charac.: Palaearctic-Oriental. Distr.: Europe; Asia; North Africa.
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5. Chamaemyia polystigma (Meigen, 1830) Localities: Smolyan Lakes, Snezhanka Summit, 1200 m (TANASIJTCHUK , BESCHOVSKI, 1991: 20). Zoog. Charac.: Holopalaearctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Transcaucasus, Middle Asia, Kazakhstan, Siberia, Far East, Iran, Mongolia; North Africa: Algeria. 6. Leocopis aphidiperda Rondani, 1847 Localities: Vehtino Village (BESCHOVSKI, 1998: 10-14). Zoog. Charac.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe: Italy, Hungary, Russia, Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine, Bulgaria; Asia: Transcaucasus, Kazakhstan, Far East, Middle Asia, Iran. Zoogeographical groups of Chamaemyidae (6 sp.) 1. Palaearctic-Oriental – 1: Chamaemyia juncotum. 2. Holopalaearctic - 2: 1. Chamaemyia polystigma, 2. Chamaemyia aestiva. 3. Euro-Siberian – 1: Leocopis aphidiperda. 3. Euro-Centralasian – 1: Chamaemyia åmiliae. 4. European – 1: Chamaemyia aridella. Zoogeographical structure of Chamaemyidae in percentages (6 sp.) 1. Palaearctic-Oriental – 1 ............ 16,67 % 2. Holopalaearctic – 2 .................. 33,34 % 3. Euro-Siberian – 1 ...................... 16,67 % 3. Euro-Centralasian – 1 .............. 16,67 % 4. European – 1 ............................. 16,67 % 18. Family Dryomyzidae (1 sp.) 1. Dryomyza analis Fallén, 1820 Neuroctena analis: Localities: LAVÈIEV, 1965b: 120: District of Smolyan: Zabardo Village. Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: All part of Europe. Zoogeographical groups of Dryomyzidae (1 sp.). I. European - 1: Dryomyza analis 19. Family Agromyzidae (61 sp.) 1. Agromyza alnivora Spencer, 1969 Localities: Velingrad (BEIGER, 1979: 508). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: England, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Holand, Austria, Germany, Rumania, Bulgaria. 2. Agromyza anthracina Meigen, 1830 Localities: Bachkovo, vicinity of Smolyan (BEIGER, 1979: 508). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Widely spread in Europe.
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3. Agromyza f laviceps Fallén, 1823 Localities: Bachkovo, Velingrad (BEIGER, 1979: 508). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: In most of Western Europe. 4. Agromyza lithospermi Spencer, 1963 Localities: Antonovo; Bachkovo (BEIGER, 1979: 509). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Great Britain, France, Austria, Poland, Bulgaria. 5. Agromyza myosotidis Kaltenbach, 1864 Localities: Devin (BEIGER, 1979: 509). Zoog. Charac.: Euro-Afrotropical. Distr.: England, Germany, Denmark, Poland, Bulgaria; Afrotropical Region: Ethiopia. 6. Agromyza nana Meigen, 1830 Localities: Velingrad, Yundola, Gotse Delchev, Smolyan lakes (BEIGER, 1979: 509). Zoog. Charac.: Euero-Mediterranean. Distr.: Common throughout Europe; North Africa. 7. Agromyza pseudoreptans Nowak, 1967 Localities: Velingrad (BEIGER, 1979: 509). Zoog. Charac.: Disjunctive Holarctic. Distr.: Widely spread in Europe and Nearctic. 8. Agromyza reptans Fallén, 1823 Localities: Bachkovo, Gotse Delchev (BEIGER, 1979: 510). Zoog. Charac.: Disjunctive Holarctic. Distr.: England, Germany, Poland, Baltic States, Bulgaria; Nearctic: Canada. 9. Amauromyza (Trilobomyza) labiatarum (Hendel, 1920) Localities: Bachkovo (BEIGER, 1979: 511). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Europe. 10. Amauromyza (Trilobomyza) lamii (Kaltenbach, 1872) Localities: Bachkovo, Velingrad (BEIGER, 1979: 512). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Europe. 11. Amauromyza (Amaurozoma) morionella (Zetterstedt, 1848) Localities: Kamburovo, Velingrad, Bachkovo (BEIGER, 1979: 512). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Europe. [West Europe]. 12. Calycomyza artemisiae (Kaltenbach, 1856) Localities: Gradets, Bachkovo, Velingrad (BEIGER, 1979: 511). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Europe. 13. Calycomyza humeralis (Von Roser, 1840) Localities: Bachkovo, Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 511). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Europe.
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14. Cerodontha (Poeomyza) muscina (Meigen, 1830) Localities: Bachkovo (BEIGER, 1979: 513). Zoog. Charac.: Disjunctive Holarctic. Distr.: Europe; Nearctic Region: Canada. 15. Cerodontha (Poeomyza) pygmaea (Meigen, 1830) Localities: Yundola, Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 513). Zoog. Charac.: Disjunctive Holarctic. Distr.: Widely spread in most of Europe; Nearctic: Canada, Alaska. 16. Liriomyza amoena (Meigen, 1830) Localities: Bachkovo, Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 512). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Widely spread in Europe. 17. Liriomyza approximata (Hendel, 1920) Localities: Smolyan Lakes (BEIGER, 1979: 512). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Fenoscandis, Austria, Germany, Bulgaria. 18. Liriomyza brassicae Riley, 1884 Localities: Bachkovo (BEIGER, 1979: 512). Zoog. Charac.: Subcosmopolitan. Distr.: Holarctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, and Australian Regions. 19. Liriomyza centaureae Hering, 1927 Localities: Bachkovo (BEIGER, 1979: 514). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Widely spred in much of Europe. 20. Liriomyza congesta (Becker, 1903) Localities: Bachkovo, Velingrad, Yundola, Kamburovo (BEIGER, 1979: 514). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Widely spred throughout most of Europe. 21. Liriomyza crucifericola (Hering, 1951) Localities: Bachkovo (BEIGER, 1979: 511). Zoog. Charac.: Subcosmopolitan. Distr.: Palaearctic (Europe, North Africa); Nearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Australian Regions. 22. Liriomyza demeijere Hering, 1930 Localities: Bachkovo, Velingrad (BEIGER, 1979: 514). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Denmark, Sweden, Finland; Bulgaria. 23. Liriomyza endiviae Hering, 1955 Localities: Velingrad (BEIGER, 1979: 514). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: West Europe; Bulgaria. 24. Liriomyza eupatorii (Kaltenbach, 1874) Localities: Bachkovo (BEIGER, 1979: 514). Zoog. Charac.: Disjunctive Holarctic. Distr.: Europe; Nearctic: Canada.
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25. Liriomyza f laveola (Fallén, 1823) Localities: Pamporovo (BEIGER, 1979: 514). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Europe. **26. Liriomyza myrsinitae Hering, 1957 Localities: The Western Rhodopes, 1700 m (HERING, 1957: 11). Zoog. Charac.: Bulgarian (Rhodopean) Endemic. Distr.: Bulgaria. 27. Liriomyza pascuum (Meigen, 1838) Localities: Bachkovo, Yundola (BEIGER, 1979: 515). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: |Germany, England, Bulgaria.
28. Liriomyza pusilla (Meigen, 1830) Localities: Bachkovo (BEIGER, 1979: 515). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Europe. 29. Liriomyza sonchi Hendel, 1931 Localities: Bachkovo, Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 515). Zoog. Charac.: Euro-Centralasian. Distr.: Europe; Central Asian Republics. 30. Liriomyza soror Hendel 1931 Localities: Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 516). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Europe (middle part of W. Europe). 31. Liriomyza strigata (Meigen, 1830) Localities: Velingrad, Bachkovo, Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 516). Zoog. Charac.: Euro-Central Asian. Distr.: Europe. Asia: Kirghizstan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. 32. Liriomyza taraxaci Hering, 1927 Localities: Velingrad, Bachkovo, Yundola (BEIGER, 1979: 516). Zoog. Charac.: Euro-Centralasian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Central Asian Republics. 33. Nemorimyza posticata (Meigen, 1830) Localities: Bachkovo (BEIGER, 1979: 511). Zoog. Charac.: Holarctic. Distr.: Europe; North America. 34. Ophiomyia labiatarum Hering, 1937 Localities: Bachkovo (BEIGER, 1979: 510). Zoog. Charac.: Disjunctive Holarctic. Distr.: Europe; Nearctic: USA. 35. Paraphytomyza luteoscutellata (De Meijere, 1924) Localities: Velingrad, Devin, Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 516). Zoog. Charac.: Disjunctive Holarctic. Distr.: Central and Northern Europe; Nearctic: Canada.
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36. Phytomyza agromyzina Meigen, 1830 Localities: Bachkovo (BEIGER, 1979: 517). Zoog. Charac.: Holarctic. Distr.: Europe; Middle Asia; Nearctic. 37. Phytomyza alpina Groschke, 1957 Localities: Pamporovo, Yundola (BEIGER, 1979: 517). Zoog. Charac.: Disjunctive Holarctic. Distr.: Central European mountain; Nearctic: Canada, Alaska. 38. Phytomyza artemisivora Spencer, 1971 Localities: Velingrad, Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 517). Zoog. Charac.: Holopalaearctic. Distr.: Palaearctic region. 39. Phytomyza calthophila Hering, 1931 Localities: Smolyan, Pamporovo (BEIGER, 1979: 518). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Europe. 40. Phytomyza campanulae Hendel, 1920 Localities: Bachkovo, Dedovo (BEIGER, 1979: 518). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Widely spread in Europe; Asia: Kirghis Republic. 41. Phytomyza chaerophylli Kaltenbach, 1856 Localities: Velingrad, Yundula, Smolyan, Devin, Bachkovo (BEIGER, 1979: 519). Zoog. Charac.: Europe. Distr.: Widely spread throughout Europe. 42. Phytomyza conyzae Hendel, 1920 Localities: Gradets, Kamburovo; Velingrad, Devin, Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979, 519). Zoog. Charac.: Euro-Mediterranean. Distr.: Widely spread in Europe. 43. Phytomyza doronici Hering, 1924 Localities: District of Smolyan; Pamporovo (BEIGER, 1979: 519). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Middle part of West Europe; Bulgaria. 44. Phytomyza notata Meigen, 1830 Localities: Yundola (BEIGER, 1979: 522). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Widely spread in Europe. 45. Phytomyza obscura Hendel, 1920 Localities: Yundola, Bachkovo, Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 522). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Middle part of South West Europe; Bulgaria. 46. Phytomyza pastinacae Hendel, 1923 Localities: Pamporovo (BEIGER, 1979: 522). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Middle part of the West Europe; Bulgaria.
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47. Phytomyza petoi Hering, 1924 Localities: Kamburovo, Bachkovo, Yundola (BEIGER, 1979: 523). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Europe. 48. Phytomyza pulmonariae Nowakowski, 1959 Localities: Bachkovo (BEIGER, 1979: 523). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: West Europe; Bulgaria. 49. Phytomyza pubicornis Hendel, 1920 Localities: Bachkovo (BEIGER, 1979: 523). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Europe. 50. Phytomyza ranunculi (Schrank, 1803) Localities: Kamburovo, Hisarya, Dedovo (BEIGER, 1979: 523). Zoog. Charac.: Disjunctive Holarctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Kirghizstan; Nearctic: Kamchatka, Canada. 51. Phytomyza ranunculivora Hering, 1932 Localities: Gradets, Yundola, Velingrad (BEIGER, 1979: 523). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Europe. 52. Phytomyza rapunculi Hendel, 1927 Localities: Dedovo, 1350 m (BEIGER, 1979: 524). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Europe. **53. Phytomyza rhodopaea Beiger, 1979 Localities: Devin (BEIGER, 1979: 524). Zoog. Charac.: Bulgarian (Rhodopean) endemic. Distr.: Bulgaria. 54. Phytomyza senecionis Kaltenbach, 1869 Localities: Pamporovo (BEIGER, 1979: 524). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Widely spread in central Europe. 55. Phytomyza solidaginis Hendel, 1920 Localities: Bachkovo (BEIGER, 1979: 524). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Russia, North and Central Europe; Bulgaria. 56. Phytomyza sphondyliivora Spencer, 1957 Localities: Dedovo (BEIGER, 1979: 524). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Europe. 57. Phytomyza tetrasticha Hendel, 1927 Localities: Yundola, Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 525). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Widely spread in Central and West Europe; Bulgaria.
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58. Phytomyza tordylii Hendel, 1927 Localities: Yundola (BEIGER, 1979: 525). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Middle part of the West Europe. 59. Phytomyza tussilaginis Hendel, 1925 Phytomyza ? tussilaginis Hd. Localities: Yundola (Jundola) (BEIGER, 1979: 525). Zoog. Charac.: Disjunctive Holarctic. Distr.: Widely spread in Europe. Nearctic: East Canada and Alaska. 60. Phytomyza virgaureae Hering, 1926 Localities: Bachkovo (BEIGER, 1979: 525). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Widely spread in much of Europe. 61. Phytomyza vitalbae Kaltenbach, 1872 Localities: Bachkovo, Devin, Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 525). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Widely spread in Europe. Zoogeographical groups of Agromyzidae (61 sp.). 1. Subcosmopolitan –2: 1. Liriomyza brassicae, 2. L. crucifericola. 2. Afrotropical-European – 1: Agromyza myosotidis, 3. Disjunctive Holarctic: - 11: 1. Agromyza pseudoreptans, 2. A. reptans, 3. Cerodontha muscina. 4. C. pygmaea, 5. Liriomyza eupatorii, 6. Nemorimyza posticata, 7. Ophiomyia labiatarum, 8. Paraphytomyza luteoscutellata, 9. Phytomyza alpina. 10. Phytomyza ranunculi, 11. Ph. tussilaginis. 4. Holopalaearctic – 1: Phytomyza artemisivora. 5. Euro-Central Asiatic – 3: 1. Liriomyza sonchi, 2. Liriomyza strigata, 3. Liriomyza taraxaci. 6. Euro-Mediterranean - 2: 1. Phytomyza conyzae, 2. Agromyza nana. 7. European – 39: 1. Agromyza alnivora. 2. A. anthracina, 3. A. flaviceps, 4. A. lithospermi, 5. Amauromyza labiatarum. 6. A. lamii, 7. A. morionella, 8. Calycomyza artemisiae, 9. C. humeralis, 10. Liriomyza amoena,11. L. approximata, 12. L. centaureae. 13. L. congesta, 14. L. demeijere, 15. L. endiviae, 16. L. flaveola, 17. L. pascuum, 18. L. pusilla. 19. L. soror, 20. Phytomyza agromyzina, 21. Ph. calthophila, 22. Ph. campanulae, 23. Ph. chaerophylli. 24. Ph. doronici, 25. Ph. notata, 26. Ph. obscura, 27. Ph. pastinacae, 28. Ph. petoi, 29. Ph. pulmonariae, 30. Ph. pubicornis, 31. Ph. ranunculivora, 32. Ph. ranunculi, 33. Ph. senecionis, 34. Ph. solidaginis, 35. Ph. sphondyliivora, 36. Ph. tetrasticha, 37. Ph. tordylii, 38. Ph. virgaureae, 39. Ph. vitalbae. 8. Bulgarian (Rhodopean) endemics – 2: 1. Liriomyza myrsinitae, 2. Phytomyza rhodopaea. Zoogeographical structure of Agromyzidae (61 sp.) in percentages. 1. Subcosmopolitan – 2....................................................... 3,28 % 2. Afrotropical-European – 1 ............................................ 1,64 % 3. Disjunctive Holarctic – 11 ........................................... 18,04 % 4. Holopalaearctic – 1 ......................................................... 1,64 % 5. Euro-Central Asian – 3 ................................................... 4,92 %
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V.L. BESCHOVSKI 6. Euro-Mediterranean - 2 .................................................. 3,28 % 7. European - 39 ................................................................. 63,93 % 8. Endemic (Bulgarian) - 2 ................................................. 3,28 %
20. Family Chloropidae (10 sp.) 1. Aphanotrigonum femorella Collin, 1946 Conioscinella cinctella Beschovski, 1968 nec Zetterstedt, 1848 (BESCHOVSKI, 1985: 79). Localities: Kobilina Cheshma (BESCHOVSKI, 1968: 35). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Europe. 2. Chlorops serenus Loew, 1866 Localities: The Rhodopes (BESCHOVSKI, 1978b: 400; 1985: 163). Zoog. Charac.: Euro-Mediterranean. Distr.: European and Mediterranean subregions. 3. Chlorops troglodytes Zetterstedt, 1848 Localities: The Rhodopes (BESCHOVSKI, 1985: 167). Zoog. Charac.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: European, Angaridian, Irano-turanian, and Central Asiatic subregions. 4. Elachiptera cornuta (Fallén, 1820) Localities: The Rhodopes: (BESCHOVSKI, 1975a: 70; 1980: 57 – 61 (BESCHOVSKI, 1985: 49 - 51). Material studied. Zmeitsa; Smolyan Lakes. Zoog. Charac.: Euro-Siberian. Distr.: All of Europe; Asia: Siberia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China. **5. Elachiptera submediterranea Beschovski, 1980 Localities: The Rhodopes (BESCHOVSKI, 1980: 57-60; 1985: 52). Material studied: Distr.: Assenovgrad, 40 Izvora, holotype. Zoog. Charac.: Bulgarian endemic. Distr.: South Bulgaria. 6. Elachiptera tuberculifera Corti, 1909 Localities: 40 Izvora, distr. Assenovgrad (BESCHOVSKI, 1968: 35). Zoog. Charac.: Eurosiberian. Distr.: Palaearctic excluding North Africa. 7. Meromyza laeta Meigen, 1838 Localities: Second and Fourth Smolyan Lake (BESCHOVSKI, 1982: 92; 1985: 123-124). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: European subregion. 8. Oscinella frit (Linnaeus, 1758) Material studied: Smolyan Lakes; Mihalkovo Village, Karamanitza, Chepelare (Tchepelare), Pamporovo. Zoog. Charac.: Subcosmopolitan. Distr.: Holarctic, Oriental, Afrotropical Regions. 9. Oscinella hortensis Collin, 1946 Material studied. Teshel, Smolyan Lakes. Distr.: Kardjhali: Zheleznik Village, Ardino, Belite Brezi locality. Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Europe.
Brachycera
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10. Oscinella nigerrima (MACQUART, 1935) Material studied: Batak Dam Lake; Chepelare, Karamanitsa. Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Europe. 11. Oscinella nitidissima (Becker, 1908) Material studied: Chepelare, Batak Dam Lake; Ardino, Strazhitsa Village -Arda river bank. Zoog. Charac.: Holarctic. Distr.: Europe (excluding France and the Iberian Peninsula); Asia (Palaearctic part); Madeira, Canary Is; Azores. North America. 12. Oscinella pusilla (Meigen, 1830) Material studied. Turun Village (Smolyan-Madan). Zoog. Charac.: Holopalaearctic. Distr.: Widely spread in the Palaearctic Region. Zoogeographical groups of Chloropidae (12 sp.) 1. Subcosmoplitan – 1: Oscinella frit; 2. Holarctic – 1: Oscinella nitidissima; 3. Holopalaearctic – 1: Oscinella pusilla; 4. Euro-Siberian – 3:1. Chlorops troglodytes 2. Elachiptera cornuta, 3. E. truberculifera. 5. Euro-Mediterranean – 1: Chlorops serenus; 6. European - 4: 1. Aphanotrigonum femorella, 2. Meromyza laeta, 3. Oscinella hortensis, 4. O. nigerrima. 7. Bulgarian endemics – 1: ** Elachiptera submediterranea. Zoogeographical structure of Chloropidae in percentages (10 sp.). 1. Subcosmoplitan – 1 ............. 8,33 % 2. Holarctic – 1........................... 8,33 % 3. Holopalaearctic – 1 .............. 8,33 % 4. Euro-Siberian – 3 ................ 25,00 % 5. Euro-Mediterranean – 1 ...... 8,00 % 6. European – 4 ....................... 33,33 % 7. Endemic (Bulgarian) – 1 ..... 8,33 % 21. Family Helomyzidae (4 sp.) 1. Eccoptomera emarginata Loew, 1862 Localities: Cave near Progled Village, District of Chepelare (BESCHOVSKI, 1972: 24; BESCHOVSKI, GUEORGUIEVA, 2001: 30). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Central and South Europe: Spain, France, Austria, exYugoslavia, Czech and Slovak Republics, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Crimea. 2. Helomyza captiosa (Gorodkov, 1962) Localities: Novata Peshtera Cave near Peshtera Town (BESCHOVSKI, 1972: 25; Cave Sanchova Doupka near Smolyan, and Cave Ledenitsata near Shiroka Luka Village (BESCHOVSKI, GUEORGUIEVA, 2001: 32). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Europe.
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3. Helomyza modesta (Meigen, 1838) Localities: Stanchova Doupka Cave near Smolyan (BESCHOVSKI, GUEORGUIEVA, 2001: 32-33). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Europe. 4. Heteromyza atricornis Meigen, 1830 Localities: Sanchova Dupka Cave near Yagodina Village; Gargina Dupka Cave near Assenovgrad; Ivanova Voda Cave near Dobrostan Village (BESCHOVSKI, GUEORGUIEVA, 2001: 36). Zoog, Char.: European. Distr.: Europe - from France to Poland, Spain, Italy, ex Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Transcaucasus. 5. Scoliocentra caesia (Meigen, 1830) - trogloxen. Localities: Cave near Progled Village, District of Chepelare (BESCHOVSKI, 1972: 24; Ledenitsata Cave near Shiroka Laka Village; Ivanova Voda Cave near Dobrostan Village (BESCHOVSKI, GUEORGIEVA, 2001: 32). Zoog. Charac.: European. Distr.: Europe. 6. Suillia nemorum (Meigen, 1830) Localities: Snezhanka Summit, 1920 m; Smolyan Lakes. (BESCHOVSKI, GUEORGUIEVA, 2001: 34-35). Zoog. Charac.: Holarctic. Distr.: Palaearctic: Europe; Asia: Siberia and Russian Far East, Sahalin and Mongolia; North America. Zoogeographical groups of the West Rhodopean Helomyzidae (6 sp.) 1. Holarctic - 1: Suillia nemorum. 2. European – 5: 1. Eccoptomera emarginata; 2. Helomyza captiosa, 3. H. modesta, 4. Heteromyza atricornis, 5. Scoliocentra caesia Zoogeographical structure of Heleomyzidae in percentages (6 sp.). 1. Holarctic – 1......................... 16,67 % 2. European species – 5 ......... 83,33 % 22. Family Sphaeroceridae (11 sp.) 1. Chaetopodella scutellaris (Haliday, 1836) Localities: District of Smolyan: Borovo and Raikovo villages (BESCHOVSKI, 1967: 224): Smolyan (ROHÁÈEK, 1983: 114 – 115). Zoog, Char.: Palaearctic-Afrotropical. Distr.: Palaearctic: Europe, Asia: West Siberia and Far East (Russia), Afghanistan, North Korea, Japan; Afrotropical Region. 2. Gonioneura spinipennis (Haliday, 1836) Halidayina spinipennis (Haliday). Localities: Between Erkyupriya and Zabardo Village (BESCHOVSKI, 1967: 225); Gotse Delchev Town (ROHÁÈEK, 1983: 155-157). Zoog, Char.: Holarctic-Oriental. Distr.: Palaearctic: Europe; Asia: West Siberia (Russia), Afghanistan, Kirghizstan; Nearctic and Oriental Regions.
Brachycera
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3. Ischiolepta pusilla (Fallén, 1820) Sphaerocera pusilla Fall.: localities: Zabardo, Raikovo Village, Smolyan (BESCHOVSKI, 1967: 218). Zoog, Char.: Subcosmopolitan. Distr.: Palaearctic: Europe; North Africa (Tunisia, Egypt); Asia (WS, Japan, Iran); Australasian/Oceanian, Nearctic, Neotropical Regions 4. Leptocera caenosia (Rondani, 1880) Paracollinella coenosa Rond.: localities: (District of Assenovgrad: 40-te Izvora) (BESCHOVSKI, 1967: 222). Zoog. Char.: Cosmopolitan. Distr.: Europe; Asia: West Siberia, Far East (Russia), Mongolia, North Korea, Japan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Israel; North Africa: Canary Is. Nearctic, Afrotropical: Australasian/ Oceanian, and Neotropical Regions. 5. Leptocera fontinalis (Fallén, 1826) Localities: Razlog, Smolyan (ROHÁÈEK, 1982: 13-20). Paracollinella fontinalis Fall.: District of Assenovgrad: 40-te Izvora; Distr, Smolyan, Raikovo Village (BESCHOVSKI, 1967: 223). Zoog, Char.: Subcosmopolitan (?). Distr.: Palaearctic: all of Europe; Asia: Afghanistan, ?China (TIB), Tadjikistan, Uzbekistan; North Africa: Tunisia, Afrotropical, Nearctic (?), and Neotropical (?) Regions. 6. Leptocera nigra Olivier, 1813 Localities: Pamporovo, Smolyan; [E. Rhodopes (Gergana Camping)] (ROHÁÈEK, 1982: 6-13) Paracollinella curvinervis Stenh.: localities: District of Assenovgrad: 40-te Izvora (BESCHOVSKI, 1967: 222). Zoog. Char.: Palearctic-Palaeotropical. Distr.: Palaearctic: the whole of Europe; Asia: Siberia and Far East (Russia), Afghanistan, Tadjikistan, Turkey, Iran, Israel, North Korea, Japan, Jordan; North Africa: Canary Is, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Egypt; Afrotropical, and Oriental Regions; South Atlantic: Saint Helena. 7. Opacifrons coxata (Stenhammar, 1855) Localities Smolyan Lakes: Miloushev Gyol Lake; Mezinski Gyol Lake. (BESCHOVSKI, 1967: 223). Zoog. Char.: Palaearctic-Palaeotroopical. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Afghanistan, Tadjikistan, Iran, Mongolia, Siberia and Far East (Russia); North Africa: Canary Is., Tunisia, Egypt. Afrotropical, and Oriental Regions. 8. Opalimosina mirabilis (Collin, 1902) Limosina mirabilis Coll.: localities: Lyubimets Village, Harmanli (BESCHOVSKI, 1967: 224). Zoog: Char.: Subcosmopolitan. Distr.: Palaearctic: Europe; Asia: West Siberia and Far East (Russia), Mongolia, North Korea, Japan, Iran; North Africa: Tunisia; Oriental, Australasian/Oceanian, and Neotropical Regions. 9. Pseudocollinella septentrionalis (Stenhammar, 1855). p.100 Localities: Smolyan Lakes: Mezinski Gyol Lake (BESCHOVSKI, 1967: 220). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Siberian (Westsiberian). Distr.: Palaearctic: Europe: Asia: West Siberia, Mongolia.
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10. Rachispoda lutosa (Stenhammar, 1855) Collinellula lutosa Stenh. (Duda), (palustris Coll.): localities: Smolyan Lakes: Mezinski Gyol Lake (BESCHOVSKI, 1967: 220). Zoog, Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Palaearctic: Europe; Asia: North Korea, Japan, Russia (Siberia), Turkey; Nearctic Region. 11. Spelobia (S.) clunipes (Meigen, 1830) Limosina crassimana Haliday, 1836: localities: Trigrad Village, district of Smolyan: Smolyan Lakes (BESCHOVSKI, 1967: 224). Zoog, Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Palaearctic: all of Europe, Asia: West Siberia and Far East (Russia), Mongolia, Afghanistan, Tadjikistan, China, North Africa: Tunisia; Nearctic Region. Zoogeographical groups of Sphaeroceridae (11 sp.) 1. Cosmopolitan – 1: Leptocera caenosia. 2. Subcosmopolitan – 3: 1. Ischiolepta pusilla, 2. Leptocera fontinalis, 3. Opalimosina mirabilis. 3. Palearctic-Palaeotropical – 2: 1. Leptocera nigra, 2. Opacifrons coxata. 4. Palaearctic-Afrotropical- 1: Chaetopodella scutellaris. 5. Holarctic-Oriental: 1: Gonioneura spinipennis. 6. Holarctic – 2: 1. Rachispoda lutosa, 2. Spelobia clunipes. 7. Euro-Siberian – 1. Pseudocollinella septentrionalis. Zoogeographical structure of Sphaeroceridae species … 11 species. 1. Cosmopolitan – 1 ....................... 9,09 % 2. Subcosmopolitan – 34 ............. 27,27 % 3. Palaerctic-Palaeotropical – 2 ... 18,18 % 4. Palaearctic-Afrotropical - 1 ....... 9,09 % 5. Holarctic-Oriental 1 ................... 9,09 % 6. Holarctic – 2............................... 18,18 % 7. Euro-Westsiberian – 1 ................ 9,09 % 23. Family Ephydridae (28 sp.) 1. Ditrichophora calceata (Meigen, 1830) Localities: Chepelare, District of Smolyan, Colonel Serafimov’s monument (BESCHOVSKI, ZATWARNITZKI, 2002: 11-12). Zoog. Char. Euro-Mediterranean. Distr.: Europe; North Africa: Morocco. 2.Gymnoclasiopa nigerrima (Strobl, 1893) Localities: Kamenitsa, district of Smolyan (BESCHOVSKI, ZATWARNITZKI, 2002: 14). Zoog. Char. Euro-Siberian. Distr.: Europe: Austria, Belgium, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Caucasus; Asia: Russia: Altai 3. Gymnoclasiopa pulchella (Meigen, 1830) Localities: Chepelare (BESCHOVSKI, ZATWARNITZKI, 2002: 14).
Brachycera
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Zoog. Char. Euro-Mediterranean. Distr.: Europe: Spain, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Russia (European territory); North Africa: Marocco. 4. Hydrellia fusca (Stenhammar, 1844) Localities: Smolyan Lakes (BESCHOVSKI, ZATWARNITZKI, 2001a: 7). Zoog. Char. European. Distr.: Europe: Central and East Europe, excluding Russia. 5. Hydrellia griseola (Fallén, 1813) Localities: Smolyan Lakes: Second Smolyan lake, Fourth Smolyan lake, Pamporovo, Vetchino, Ardino, Svirachi Village near Ivailovgrad. (BESCHOVSKI, ZATWARNITZKI, 2001a: 7 –8). Zoog. Char. Subcosmopolitan. Distr.: All geographic regions excluding Afrotropical ones. 6. Hydrellia maura Meigen, 1838 Localities: Pamporovo; Smolyan Lakes (BESCHOVSKI, ZATWARNITZKI, 2001a: 9). Zoog. Char. Euro-Mediterranean. Distr.: Europe; North Africa and Canary Islands. 7. Hydrellia subalbiceps Collin, 1966 Localities: Pamporovo; Smolyan Lakes (BESCHOVSKI, ZATWARNITZKI, 2001a: 10). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Mediterranean. Distr.: Europe: Great Britain, Sweden, Poland, Italy and Bulgaria. North Africa. 8. Lamproscatella sibilans (Haliday, 1833) Localities: Smolyan Lakes. (BESCHOVSKI, ZATWARNITZKI, 2004: 47-48). Zoog. Char.: Westpalaearctic. Europe: Asia: Afghanistan; North Africa: Algeria. Nearctic Region: Greenland. 9. Lamproscatella unipunctata (Becker, 1907) Localities: Smolyan Lakes (BESCHOVSKI, ZATWARNITZKI, 2004: 48). Zoog. Char. Euro-Mediterranean. Distr.: South -East Europe: Bulgaria; North Africa: Algeria, Tunisia. 10. Limnellia quadrata (Fallén, 1813) Localities: Zmeitsa Village, Chepelare (BESCHOVSKI, ZATWARNITZKI, 2004: 47). Zoog. Char. Holarctic. Distr.: West Palaearctic and North America. 11. Nostima picta Fallén, 1813 Localities: Second Smolyan Lake (BESCHOVSKI, ZATWARNITZKI, 2001b: 20). Zoog. Char. Palaearctic-Neotropic. Distr.: West Palaearctic; Far East; North Africa, Canary Islands, Madeira. Neotropic: Mexico. 12. Notiphila annulipes Stenhammar, 1844 Localities: Fourth Smolyan Lake; Second Smolyan Lake (BESCHOVSKI, ZATWARNITZKI, 2001a: 11). Zoog. Char. Disjunctive-Palaearctic. Distr.: Europe; North Africa: Algeria, Morocco; Asia: Russian Far East.
664
V.L. BESCHOVSKI
13. Notiphila cinerea Fallén, 1813 Localities: District of Smolyan; Miloushev Gyol (BESCHOVSKI, ZATWARNITZKI, 2001a: 12). Zoog. Char. Holopalaearctic. Distr.: Europe, Malta; North Africa: Canary Islands, Algeria, Morocco, Egypt; West Sahara; Asia: Tibet, Russian Far East. *14. Notiphila graecula Becker, 1926 Localities: the first Smolyan Lake (BESCHOVSKI, ZATWARNITZKI, 2001a: 12-13). Zoog. Char. Balkan endemic. Distr.: Europe: Greece, Bulgaria. 15. Parydra coarctata (Fallén, 1813) Localities: Yundola-Belovo, Smolyan Lakes, Chepelare, Pamporovo (BESCHOVSKI, ZATWARNITZKI, 2004: 35-36). Zoog. Char. Holopalaearctic. Distr.: The species is widely distributed in the Palaearctic. 16. Parydra cognata Loew, 1860 Localities: Smolyan Lakes, Chepelare (BESCHOVSKI, ZATWARNITZKI, 2004: 36-37). Zoog. Char. Euro-Mediterranean. Distr.: The species is distributed in Europe and North Africa. 17. Parydra fossarum (Haliday, 1833) Localities: Town of Chepelare, Pamporovo, Smolyan Lakes (BESCHOVSKI, ZATWARNITZKI, 2004: 32-33). Zoog. Char. Holarctic. Distr.: All Palaearctic Region; Nearctic Region. 18. Parydra hecate (Haliday, 1833) Localities: Smolyan Lakes (BESCHOVSKI, ZATWARNITZKI, 2004: 33). Zoog. Char. European. Distr.: Great Britain, Finland, Hungary, Croatia, Italy, Spain and Bulgaria. 19. 22. Parydra littoralis (Meigen, 1830) Localities: Yundola-Belovo (BESCHOVSKI, ZATWARNITZKI, 2004: 37-38). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Mediterranean. Distr.: Europe (except for Russia) and North Africa. 20. Parydra pusilla (Meigen, 1830) Localities: Fourth Smolyan Lake (BESCHOVSKI, ZATWARNITZKI, 2004: 33). Zoog. Char. European. Distr.: North and Middle Europe: North Italy, Bulgaria; North Africa: Canary Is. 21. Philygria interstincta (Fallén, 1813) Localities: Yundola-Belovo (BESCHOVSKI, ZATWARNITZKI, 2001b: 20). Zoog. Char. European. Distr.: Europe, excludinga Russia. 22. Philygria obtecta Beckert, 1896 Localities: The Rhodopes (BESCHOVSKI, ZATWARNITZKI, 2001b, 21). Zoog. Char. European. Distr.: Europe: Italy, Switzerland, Austria, Hungary, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Finland, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria.
Brachycera
665
23. Psilopa nigritella Stenhammar, 1844 Localities: Chepelare (BESCHOVSKI, ZATWARNITZKI, 2000: 21). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: West Europe, Finland, Czech Republic and Bulgaria. 24. Psilopa nitidula (Fallén, 1813) Localities: Smolyan Lakes, Zmeitsa, Chepelare; (BESCHOVSKI, ZATWARNITZKI, 2000: 21-3). Zoog. Char.: Palaearctic-Afrotropical. Distr.: In the Palaearctic: throughout the region; Afrotropical Region. 25. Psilopa polita (Macquart, 1835) Localities: Chepelare: Pamporovo; District of Smolyan: Second and fourth Smolyan lakes; Zmeitsa (BESCHOVSKI, ZATWARNITZKI, 2000: 24-25). Zoog. Char.: Holopalaearctic. Distr.: a species known from all over of the region. 26. Scatella pallidum (Meigen, 1830) Localities: District of Smolyan: Zmeitsa, Karamanitza (BESCHOVSKI, ZATWARNITZKI, 2004: 49-50). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: throughout the Palaearctic Region; Nearctic Region. 27. Scatella tenuicosta Collin, 1930 Localities: Vicinity of Karamanitsa near Chepelare, Pamporovo, Smolyan Lakes (BESCHOVSKI, ZATWARNITZKI, 2004: 50-51). Zoog. Char.: Palaearctic-Oriental. Distr.: Palaearctic and Oriental Regions. 28. Setacera breviventris (Loew, 1860) Localities: Second Smolyan Lake (BESCHOVSKI, ZATWARNITZKI, 2004: 43). Zoog. Char. European. Distr.: Central and South Europe. Zoogeographical groups of Ephydridae (28 sp.) 1. Subcosmopolitan – 1: Hydrellia griseola; 2. Holarctic – 3: 1. Limnellia quadrata, 2. Parydra fossarum, 3. Scatella palludum; 3. Palearctic-Afrotropic – 1: Psilopa nitidula; 4. Palaearctic-Oriental – 1: Scatella tenuicosta; 5. Palaearctic- Neotropic – 1: Nostima picta; 6. Holopalaearctic – 4: 1. Notiphila annulipes, 2. N. cinerea, 3. Parydra coarctata, 4. Psilopa polita. 7. West-Palaearctic (+Greenland) -1: Lamproscatella sibilans. 8. Euro-Mediterranean – 7: 1. Ditrichophora calceata, 2. Gymnoclasiopa pulchella, 3. Hydrellia maura, 4. H. subalbiceps, 5. Lamproscatella unipunctata, 6. Parydra cognate, 7. P. littoralis. 9. Euro-Siberian – 1: Gymnoclasiopa nigerrima. 10. European – 7: 1. Hydrellia fusca, 2. Philygria interstincta, 3. Ph. obtecta, 4. Parydra hecate, 5. P. pusilla, 6. Psilopa nigritella, 7. Setacera breviventris. 11. Balkan endemic – 1: Notiphila graecula.
666
V.L. BESCHOVSKI Zoogeographical structure of Ephydridae in percentages (28 sp.). 1. Subcosmopolitan – 1.................. 3,57 % 2. Holarctic – 3............................... 10,71 % 3. Palearctic-Afrotropic – 1 ............ 3,57 % 4. Palaearctic-Oriental – 1 .............. 3,57 % 5. Palaearctic- Neotropic – 1 ......... 3,57 % 6. Holpalaearctic – 4 ..................... 14,29 % 7. West-Palaearctic – 1 .................... 3,57 % 8. Europe-Mediterranean – 7 ...... 25,00 % 9. Euro- Siberian – 1 ....................... 3,57 % 10. European – 7 ............................ 25,00% 11. Balkan endemic – 1 ................ 3, 57 %
Conclusion A total of 374 species belonging to 23 Diptera-Brachycera families (Table 2) are established in the Western Rhodopes: 1. Rhagionidae (5 sp.), 2. Stratiomyidae (6 sp.), 3. Bombylidae (8 sp.), 4. Therevidae (1 sp.), 5. Asilidae (43 sp.), 6. 7. Syrphidae (64 sp.), 8. Pipunculidae (1 sp.), 9. Muscidae (68 sp.), 10. Anthomyidae (15 sp.), 11. Calliphoridae (8 sp.), 12. Rhinophoridae (1 sp.), 13. Sarcophagidae (12 sp.), 14. Conopidae (11 sp.), 15. Platystomidae (1 sp.), 16. Tephritidae (3 sp.), 17. Chamaemyiidae (6 sp.), 18. Dryomyzidae (1 sp.), 19. Agromyzidae (61 sp.), 20. Chloropidae (12 sp.), 21. Helomyzidae (6 sp.), 22. Sphaeroceridae (11 sp), 23. Ephydridae (28 sp.). The above given families are not a subject of special investigation in the region. These data are the result of a general investigation of the groups in Bulgaria. It is obvious that the families which are the subject of this kind of investigation in Bulgaria (Syrphydae, Agromyzidae, Muscidae, Chloropidae, and Ephydridae) have a greater number of species than the rest. The predominant families such as Syrphidae, Muscidae, Agromyzidae and Asilidae at present have been object in the first place of the common investigation in the country and the second – on a special collecting in the Rhodopes (Muscidae, Asilidae, Agromyzidae). This is the reason to conclude that the dipteral fauna of the Rhodopes is not well investigated. All 374 species are separated in 20 zoogeographical (arealographic) combination (Table 1). Predominant role between them have European (124 in number) followed by Europe-Siberian (72 species) elements (Table 3). Holarctic and Disjunctive Holarctic species are almost 40 in number – the group having a European-Siberian origin too. More important is the fact that 9 dipterous species are endemic by origin and distribution (Balkan and Bulgarian endemic - 2,41%). This confirms the opinion that this region is a territory of speciation or conservation of the Balkan fauna.
Brachycera
667
T a b le 1. Species composition of established zoogeographical groups of included DipteraBrachycera from West Europe No. Groups and taxa 1
1. Cosmopolitan: 1. Eristalis tenax. 2. Musca domestica, 3. Delia antiqua, 4. Leptocera caenosia 2 2.Subcosmopolitan:1. Lonchoptera bifurcate, 2. Helina evecta, 3. Bercaea cruentata, 4. Liriomyza brassicae, 5. L. crucifericola, 6. Oscinella frit, 7. Ischiolepta pusilla, 8. Leptocera fontinalis, 9. Opalimosina mirabilis,10. Hydrellia griseola. 3 3. Holarctic-Oriental: 1. Eristalis arbustorum, 2. Metasyrphus luniger, 3. Paragus tibialis, 4. Platycheirus albimanus, 5. Syritta pipiens, 6. Syrphus vitripennis, 7. Hydrotaea armipes, 8. Gonioneura spinipennis. 4 4. Palaearctic-Palaeotropical: 1. Senotainia albifrons, 2. Leptocera nigra, 3. Opacifrons coxata 5 5. Palearctic-Oriental: 1. Didea fasciata, 2. Metasyrphus corollae, 3. Volucella pellucens, 4. Senotainia tricuspis, 5. Parasarcophaga jacobsoni, 6. Hydrotaea cyrtoneurina, 7. Phaonia fuscata, 8. Conops flavipes, 9. Myopa picta, 10. Thecophora atra, 11. Zodion cinereum, 12. Chamaemyia juncotum, 13. Scatella tenuicosta. 6 6. Palaearctic- Neotropic: 1. Nostima picta 7 7. Palearctic-Afrotropic: (Afrotropical-European: 2): 1. Agromyza myosotidis. 2. Parasarcophaga tibialis, (Palaearctic-Afrotropical: 3), 3. Chaetopodella scutellaris, 4. Brontaea eremophila, 5. Psilopa nitidula 8 8. Holarctic:1.Choerades gilva, 2. Didea alneti, 3. D. lunulatus, 4. D. venustus, 5. Helophilus hybridus, 6. Melanostoma mellinum,7. Pyrophaena rosarum, 8. Scaeva pyrastri, 9. Syrphus ribesii.10. Paragus bicoclor, 11. Azelia cilipes, 12. Drymeia alpicola, 13. Hebecnema vespertina , 14. Helina cinerella, 15. H. obcsurata, 16. H. subvittata, 17. Hydrotaea militaris, 18. Phaonia alpicola, 19. Ph. consobrina, 20. Ph. errans, 21. Egle ciliata, 22. Calliphora vicina, 23. Oscinella nitidissima, 24. Suillia nemorum, 25. Rachispoda lutosa, 26. Spelobia clunipes, 27. Limnellia quadrata, 28. Parydra fossarum, 29. Scatella palludum. 9 9. Disjunctiv Holarctic: 1. Agromyza pseudoreptans, 2. A. reptans, 3. Cerodontha muscina, 4. C. pygmaea, 5. Liriomyza eupatorii, 6. Nemorimyza posticata, 7. Ophiomyi labiatarum, 8. Paraphytomyza luteoscutellata, 9. Phytomyza alpina, 10. Phytomyza ranunculi, 11. Ph. tussilaginis. 10 10. Holopalaearctic: 1. Stratiomys longicornis, 2.Leptogaster cylindrica, 3 Lonchoptera lutea. 4. Helina quadrum, 5. Lispe consanguinea, 6. Myopa buccata, 7. Sicul ferrugineus, 8. Zodion notatum. 9. Anhtomyia pluvialis,10. Calythea nigricans. 11. Chamaemyia polystigma, 12. Ch. aestiva, 13. Phytomyza artemisivora, 14. Oscinella pusilla, 15. Notiphila annulipes, 16. Notiphila cinerea, 17, Parydra coarctata, 18. Psilopa polita 11 11. Disjunctiv Palaearctic: 1. Delia cardui, 2. D. florilega, 3. Egle parva, 4. Lasiomma octoguttatum, 5. Leucophora grisella, 6. Pegoplata aestiva, 7. P. setaria.
number
Percentage %
4
1,07
10
2,67
8
2,14
3
0,80
13
3,48
1 5
0,27 1,34
29
7,75
11
2,94
18
4,81
7
1,87
668
V.L. BESCHOVSKI
No. Groups and taxa 12 12. Euro-Siberian:1.Chloromyia formosa. 2. Stratiomys singulatior, 3. Anastoechus nitidulus. 4. Choerades fimbriata, 5. Ch. fulva, 6.Dioctria cothurnata, 7. D. rufipes, 8. Dysmachus fuscipennis, 9. D. picipes, 10. Eutolmus rufibarbis, 11. Holopogon nigripennis, 12. Laphria flava, 13. Neoitamus cyanurus, 14. N. socius, 15. Philonicus albiceps, 16. Tolmerus atricapillus, 17. Baccha obscuripennis,18. Chalcosyrphus femoratus, 19. Cheilosia montana, 20. Ch. nigripes, 21. Ch. proxima, 22. Ch. scutellata, 23. Chrysotoxum arcuatum, 24. Ch. vernale, 25. Dasysyrphus albostriatus, 26. Epistrophe melanostoma, 27. Eriozona syrphoides, 28. Microdon mutabilis, 29. Myiatropa floraa, 30. Neocnemodon vitripennis, 31. Orthonevra geniculata, 32. O. nobilis, 33. Pipiza austriaca, 34. Pipizella virens, 35. Scaeva selenitica, 36. Trichopsomyia flavitarsis, 37. Xanthogramma pedissequum, 38. Xylota ignava, 39. Coenosia bilineella, 40. C. intermedia, 41. Dexiopsis ruficornis, 42. Helina confinis, 43. H. impuncta, 44. H. setiventris, 45. H. spinicosta, 46. H. trivittata, 47. Hydrotaea similis, 48. Mesembtina meridiana, 49. M. resplendens, 50. Phaonia angelicae, 51. Ph. falleni, 52. Ph. incana, 53. Ph. lugubris, 54. Polietes lardaria, 55. Thricops cunctans, 56. Th. genarum, 57. Th. longipes, 58. Th. nigrifrons. 59. Subhylemyia longula, 60. Myopotta pallipes, 61. Physocephala rufipes, 62. Heteronychia haemorrhoides, 63. Heteronychia vagans, 64. Oxyna flavipennis, 65. Rhagoletis cerasi, 66. Lucilia silvarum, 67. Leocopis aphidiperda, 68. Chlorops troglodytes, 69. Elachiptera cornuta, 70. E. truberculifera, 71. Pseudocollinella septentrionalis, 72. Gymnoclasiopa nigerrima. 13 13. European: 1. Chrysopilus auratus, 2. Ch. erythrophthalmus, 3. Ch. luteolus, 4. Rhagio cingulatus, 5. R. vitripennis, 6. Chloromyia speciosa, 7. Lasiopa balius, 8.Lasiopa calva, 9. Thereva praecox, 10. Cerdistus denticulatus, 11. Cryptopogon ruficornis, 12. Cyclosocerus platycerus, 13. Dioctria linearis, 14. D. oelandica, 15. Dysmachus bimucronatus,16. D. cephalenus, 17. D. stylifer, 18. Echthistus cognatus, 19. Laphria ephippium, 20. Lasiopogon cinctus, 21. L. montanus, 22. Machimus caliginosus, 23. M. cyanopus, 24. M. fimbriatus, 25. Molobratia teutonus, 26. Neomochtherus pallipes, 27. Stilpnogaster aemula, 28. Arctophila bombiformis, 29. A. mussitans, 30. Chalcosyrphus pannonicus, 31. Cheilosia melanopa, 32. Ch. vulpina, 33. Ch. zetterstedti, 34. Chrysogaster viduata, 35. Merodon femoratus, 36. M. funestus, 37. M. ruficornis, 38. M, spinipes, 39.Volucella inflate, 40. Pipunculus spinipes , 41. Drymeia cinerea, 42. Eudasyphora zimini, 43. Helina allotalla, 44. H. cilipes, 45. H. fratercula, 46. H. obtusipennis, 47. H. pandellei, 48. H. pubescens, 49. H. pubiseta, 50. H. quadrinotata, 51. Hydrotaea hirticeps, 52. H. penicillata, 53. Phaonia bitincta, 54. Ph. candicans, 55. Ph. mystica, 56. Ph. subventa, 57. Spilogona denigrata, 58. Thricops sudeticus, 59. Adia coerulescens, 60. Euastalomyia histrio, 61. Eurychaeta muscaria, 62. Heteronychia benaci, 63. H. filia, 64. Pierretia rostrata, 65. Stevenia panonica, 66. Bellardia siciliensis, 67. Pollenia bulgarica, 68. Platystoma tegulatium, 69. Chamaemyia aridella, 70. Dryomyza analis, 71. Agromyza alnivora, 72. A. anthracina, 73. A. flaviceps, 74. A. lithospermi, 75. Amauromyza labiatarum, 76. A. lamii,
number
Percentage %
72
19,25
125
33,42
Brachycera No. Groups and taxa
14
15
16
17
18 19
77. A. morionella, 78. Calycomyza artemisiae, 79. C. humeralis, 80. Liriomyza amoena, 81. L. approximata, 82. L. centaureae, 83. L. congesta, 84. L. demeijere, 85. L. endiviae, 86. L. flaveola, 87. L. pascuum, 88. L. pusilla. 89. L. soror, 90. Phytomyza agromyzina, 91. Ph. calthophila, 92. Ph. campanulae, 93. Ph. chaerophylli, 94. Ph. doronici, 95. Ph. notata, 96. Ph. obscura, 97. Ph. pastinacae, 98. Ph. petoi, 99. Ph. pulmonariae, 100. Ph. pubicornis, 101. Ph. ranunculivora, 102. Ph. ranunculi, 103. Ph. senecionis, 104. Ph. solidaginis, 105. Ph. sphondyliivora, 106. Ph. tetrasticha, 107. Ph. tordylii, 108. Ph. virgaureae, 109. Ph. vitalbae, 110. Aphanotrigonum femorella, 111. Meromyza laeta, 112. Oscinella hortensis, 113. O. nigerrima, 114. Eccoptomera emarginata, 115. Helomyza captiosa, 116. H. modesta, 117. Heteromyza atricornis, 118. Scoliocentra caesia, 119. Hydrellia fusca, 110. Philygria interstincta, 121. Ph. obtecta, 122. Parydra hecate, 123. P. pusilla, 124. Psilopa nigritella, 125. Setacera breviventris. 14. West Palaearctic: 1. Amictus validus, 2. Conophorus virescens, 3. Exoprosopa grandi, 4. E. minos, 5. Heteralonia megerlei, 6. Geron gibbosus, 7. Dasypogon diadema, 8. Dioctria lateralis, 9. Cheilosia albitarsis, 10. Chrysotoxum intermedium, 11. Eristalis pratorum, 12. Paragus tibiglis var. meridionalis, 13. Volucella zonaria, 14. Hylemyia vegans, 15. Dasyphora pratorum, 16. Hydrotaea pellucen, 17. Thyrsocnema incisilobata, 18. Lamproscatella sibilans Euro-Centralasian:1. Villa paniscus, 2. Leptogaster stackelbergi, 3. Machimus rusticus, 4. Dioctria atricapilla, 5. Hydrotaea palaestrica, 6. H. pandellei, 7. H. parva, 8. M. mystacea, 9. Chamaemyia aemiliae, 10. Liriomyza sonchi, 11. L. strigata, 12. L. taraxaci. Euro-Iranotouranian:1: Stenopogon sabaudus, 2. Merodon rufus, 3. Melesia semiluctifera, 4. Helina moedlingensis, 5. Helina montana. 6. Hydrotaea borrusica, 7. Dalmannia punctata. 17. Euro-Mediterranean:1. Asilus crabronifrons, 2. Melyscaeva auricollis, 3. Merodon aeneus, 4. M. armipes, 5. Aciura coryli, 6. Lispe longicollis, 7. Phaonia trimaculata, 8. Pollenia bisulca, 9. P. vagabunda, 10. Rhyncomyia impavida. 11. R. speciosa, 12. Phytomyza conyzae, 13. Agromyza nana, 14. Chlorops serenus, 15. Ditrichophora calceata, 16. Gymnoclasiopa pulchella, 17. Hydrellia maura, 18. H. subalbiceps, 19. Lamproscatella unipunctata, 20. Parydra cognate, 21. P. littoralis. 18. Mediterranean:1. Conops elegans. 19. Balkan and Bulgarian endmics: 1. Eutolmus bureshi, 2. Lasiopogon soffneri, 3. Tolmerus strymonicus, 4. Chrysotoxum rhodopense, 5. Liriomyza myrsinitae, 6. Phytomyza rhodopaea, 7. Elachiptera submediterranea, 8. Notiphila graecula, 9. Helina tulescovi Total:
669
number
Percentage %
18
4,81
12
3,21
7
21
5,61
1 9
0,27 2,41
374
99,99
670
V.L. BESCHOVSKI
T a b l e 2. Number of species by included families No Family 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Number of species
Families: %
Number in BG
% from BG Dipt. Brach.
5 6 8 1 43 2 64 1 68 15 8 1 12 11 1 3 6 1 61 12 6 11 28 374
1,34 1,60 2,14 0,27 11,50 0,54 17,11 0,27 18,18 4,01 2,14 0,27 3,21 2,94 0,27 0,80 1,60 0,27 16,31 3,21 1,60 2,94 7,49 100,01
15 47 57 9 87 3 257 22 239 51 42 4 104 40 4 79 28 2 160 138 40 79 130
3,33 12,77 14,04 11,11 49,43 66,67 24,90 4,55 28,45 29,41 19,05 25,00 11,54 27,50 25,00 3,80 21,42 50,00 38,13 8,70 15,00 13.92 21,53
Rhagionidae Stratiomyidae Bombylidae Therevidae Asilidae Lonchopteridae Syrphidae Pipunculidae Muscidae Anthomyidae Calliphoridae Rhinophoridae Sarcophagidae Conopidae Platystomidae Tephritidae Chamaemyiadae Dryomyzidae Agromyzidae Chloropidae Helomyzidae Sphaeroceridae Ephydridae Total
T a b l e 3. Zoogeographical grouping of Diptrera Brachycera from the Western Rhodopes No
Groups and taxa
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Cosmopolitain Subcosmopolitan: Holarctic Oriental Palaearctic-Palaeotropical: Palaearctic-Oriental: Palaearctic- Neotropic Palearctic-Afrotropic Holarctic Disjunctiv Holarctic Holopalaearctic Disjunctiv Palaearctic Euro-Siberian European
number
%
4 10 8 3 13 1 5 29 11 18 7 72 125
1,07 2,67 2,14 0,80 3,48 0,27 1,34 7,75 2,94 4,81 1,87 19,25 33,42
Brachycera No
Groups and taxa
14 15 16 17 18 19
West-Palaearctic Europe-Central Asiatic: Euro-Iranotouranian Euro-Mediterranean: Mediterranean Balkan and Bulgarian endmics Total:
number
%
18 12 7 21 1 9 374
4,81 3,21 1,87 5,61 0,27 2,41 99,99
671
References BANKOWSKA R. 1967. Materiaux pour l’étude des Diptères de Bulgarie (Stratiomyiidae, Conopidae, Pipunculidae et Acroceridae). - Fragm. Faunistica, PAN, 13(17): 303 - 314. BEIGER M. 1979. Materials to the knowledge of mining insects of Bulgaria. - Bulletin Entomologique de Pologne, 49: 485 - 534 BESCHOVSKI V. L. 1966. Unbekannte Ephydridae (Dipt.) in der Fauna Bulgariens. - Zoologischer Anzeiger 176: 270 - 276. BESCHOVSKI V. 1967. Unknown Sphaeroceridae (Dipt.) to Bulgaria’s fauna. - Bulletin de l’Institut de Zoologie et Musée, 23: 217 - 228. BESCHOVSKI V. 1968. Chloropidae (Diptera) unknown in the Fauna of Bulgaria. – Bulletin de L’Institut de Zoologie et Musée, 26: 33 – 38 (Bulgarian, English summary). BESCHOVSKI V. 1972. Representatives of Diptera-Brachycera in the Caves of Bulgaria. - Bulletin de l’Institut de Zoologie et Musée, 35: 23 - 29. (Bulgarian, English summary) BESCHOVSKI V. 1975a. Ökologische Untersuchungen über Vertreter von Diptera Brachycera von den Salzbiotopen der Bulgarischen Schwarzmeerküste. – Ecology, 1: 64 – 74 (Bulgarian, German summary). BESCHOVSKI V. 1978b. Faunistic and taxonomic investigations on the genus Chlorops MEIGEN, 1803 (Diptera, Chloropidae) from Bulgaria with description of a new subgenus. - Nouvelle Rev. Ent., 8(4): 397 - 402. BESCHOVSKI V. 1980. Elachiptera submediterranea sp. n., and a Review of the Species of the Genus Elachiptera (Diptera, Chloropidae) from Bulgaria. – Acta zoologica bulgarica, 16: 57 - 62. BESCHOVSKI V. 1982 (BESHOVSKI). Chloropidae (Diptera) – new to the Bulgarian Fauna. – Acta zoologica bulgarica, 20: 89 - 95. BESCHOVSKI V. 1985. Frit flies (Diptera, Chloropidae). - Fauna Bulgarica, 14. Academ. Sci. Bulgaricae, Sofia, 210 pp. (Bulgarian). BESCHOVSKI V. 1998. Contribution to the study of the genus Leucopis Meigen, 1830 in Bulgaria (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae) with description of a new species. - Acta zoologica bulgarica, 50(2-3): 9 – 18. BESCHOVSKI V. L. 2004. Diptera Brachycera recorded for the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgarian). In: Beron, P. & A. Popov (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Nus. Natur. Hist., Sofia: 741 – 757. BESCHOVSKI V. L. in press. Diptera Nematocera recorded for the Western Rhodopes (Bulgarian). In: Beron, P. (ed). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Nus. Natur. Hist., Sofia: BESCHOVSKI V. L., R. GEORGIEVA. 2000. Contribution to the Study of the Bulgarian Lonchopteridae (Insecta: Diptera) with Data for Some Localities from Other Geographic Regions. - Acta zoologica bulgarica, 52(1): 41 - 44. BESCHOVSKI V., R. GUEORGIEVA. 2001. Review of the Bulgarian Helomyzidae species (Insecta: Diptera). – Acta zoologica bulgarica, 53(1): 29 - 38. BESCHOVSKI V., CH. KRUSTEVA. 1998. Two new Elachiptera species from Bulgaria (Insecta: Diptera: Chloropidae). – Reichenbachia, 32(50): 329 - 332. BESCHOVSKI V., T. ZATWARNICKI. 2000. Faunistic review of the subfamily Discomyzinae in Bulgaria (Insecta: Diptera: Ephydridae) with some data from other palaearctic countries. - Acta zoologica bulgarica, 52(1): 17-28.
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BESCHOVSKI V., T. ZATWARNICKI. 2001a. Faunistic Review of the Subfamily Hydrelliinae in Bulgaria (Insecta: Diptera: Ephydridae) with Some Data from Other European Countries. - Acta zoologica bulgarica, 53(1): 3 – 18. BESCHOVSKI V., T. ZATWARNICKI. 2001b. Faunistic Review of the Subfamily Ilytheinae (Insecta: Diptera: Ephydridae) in Bulgaria with Some Data from Other European Countries. - Acta zoologica bulgarica, 53(3): 19 - 26. BESCHOVSKI V., T. ZATWARNICKI. 2002. Faunistic Review of the Subfamily Gymnomyzinae (Insecta: Diptera: Ephydridae) in Bulgaria with Some Data from Other European Countries. - Acta zoologica bulgarica, 54(1): 3 - 17. BESCHOVSKI V., T. ZATWARNICKI. 2004. Faunistic Review of the Subfamily Ephydrinae in Bulgaria (Insecta: Diptera: Ephydridae) with Some Data from Other Palaearctic Countries. - Acta zoologica bulgarica, 56(1): 31 – 35. DELY-DRASKOVITS A. 1993. Family Anthomyiidae (11-102). - In: A. SOÓS (Ed). Catalogue of palaearctic Diptera, 13. Akademiai Kiado. Budapest. 624 p. DRENSKY P. 1934. Die Fliegen der Familie Syrphidae (Dipt.) in Bulgarien. – Mitteilungen der Bulgarischen Entomologischen Gesellchaft in Sofia, 8: 109 – 134. (Bulgarian, German summary). DRENSKY P. 1939. Die parasitären Fliegen der Familie Conopidae in Bulgarien. - Travaux de la Societé Bulgare de Sciences Naturelles, 18: 70 - 80 (Bulgarian, German summary). DRENSKY P. 1943. Die Fliegen der Familie Trypetidae (Dipt.) Bulgariens. - Jahrbuch der Universität in Sofia, Physikalisch-matematische Fak., 39: 69-126. (Bulgarian, German summary). DRENSKY P. 1957. Bestand und Verbreitung der grauen Fliegen aus der Familie Sarcophagidae in Bulgarien. - Bulletin de l’Institut Zoologique, 6: 199 – 231. (Bulgarian; German summary). DRENSKY P. 1958. Bestand, Verbreitung und Bedeutung der Schmeissfliegen aus der Familie Calliphoridae in Bulgarien. - Bulletin de l’Institut zoologique, 7: 115 - 131 (Bulgarian; German summary). DRYANOVSKI AL. 1936. Beitrag zur Insektenfauna Bulgariens und Macedoniens. II. - Mitteilungen der Bulgarischen Entomologischen Gesellchaft in Sofia, 9: 237 - 256 (Bulgarian, German summary). FOOTE R. H. 1984. Family Tephritidae (66-149). In: A. SOÓS (Ed). Catalogue of palaearctic Diptera, 9. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 460 p. GREGOR F., R. ROZKOSNY, M. BARTAK, J. VANHARA. 2002. The Muscidae (Diptera) of Central Europe. - Folia Facultatis Scientriarum Naturalium, Universitatis Masarykianae Brunensis, Biologia, Brno, 17: 280 pp. HERING E. M. 1957a. Bestimungstabellen der Blatminen von Europas. - Gravenhage, 2: 1-1185. HERING E. M. 1957b. Bestimungstabellen der Blatminen von Europas. - Gravenhage, 3: 1-221. HERTING, B., 1993. Family Rhinophoridae (102-117). In: A. SOÓS (Ed). Catalogue of palaearctic Diptera, 13. Akademiai Kiado. Budapest. 624 p. HRADSKY M., J. MOUCHA. 1964. Raubfliegen (Diptera, Asilidae) Bulgarien. - Acta faunistica Pragae, 10(89): 23 - 30 HRADSKY M., J. MOUCHA. 1967. Raubfliegen (Diptera, Asilidae) Bulgarien. - Fragmenta Faunistica, 13(18): 315 - 322. JACENTKOVSKY D. 1936. Beitrag zur Kentnis der Raupenfliegen (Tachinariae, Diptera) Bulgariens. – Mitteilungen aus den Königl. Naturwiss. Inst. in Sofia, 9: 109 - 134. JACENTKOVSKY D. 1939. Über einige interessante Sarcophagiden (Tachinariae, Dipt.) aus Bulgarien. – Mitteilungen aus den Naturwissenschaftlichen Instituten in Sofia-Bulgarien, 12: 188 - 193. KOLEKTIV 1956. [Diseases and enemies appeared on the cultural plants in this country in year 1954]. – Bulletin of Plant Protection, 6/7: 3 - 74 (Bulgarian). LAVČIEV V. 1964a. Mitteilungen über Dipteren. - Bulletin de l’Institut de zoologie et Musée, 16: 157 - 159 (Bulgarian, German summary). LAVČIEV V. 1965a. Neue Muscidenarten (Diptera) für die Fauna Bulgariens. - Bulletin de l’Institut de zoologie et Musée, 18: 137 - 140 (Bulgarian, German summary). LAVČIEV V. 1965b. Neue Kotfliegen aus der Bulgariens (Diptera-Brachycera). - Bulletin de l’Institut zoologique et Musée, 19: 119 - 127. (Bulgarian, German summary). LAVČIEV V. 1966. Neue und seltene für die Fauna Bulgariens Fliegen (Muscidae-Dipt.). – Bulletin de l’Institut zoologique et Musée, 21: 77 – 80 (Bulgarian, German summary). LAVČIEV V. 1968. Eine neue Art der Gattung Helina R. - D. aus Bulgarien (Diptera, Muscidae). - Reichenbachia, 10(8): 63 - 64.
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LAVČIEV V. 1972. Contribution à l’étude des mouches en Bulgarie à partir de larves coprobiontiques. Bulletin de l’Institut zoologique et Musée, 36: 103 - 108. (Bulgarian, French summary). LAVČIEV V. 2003. Diptera: Fanniidae, Muscidae, Stomoxydidae. - Catalogus Faunae Bulgaricae, 5, 77 p. Pensoft Publisher. NEDELKOV N. 1909. [Our entomological fauna]. - Archiv of the National Education Board (Arch. Min. nar. prosv.) Year. I (1909), 3: 83-135 (Bulgarian). NEDELKOW N. 1910. Beitrag zu Diptera Bulgariens. - International Entomologischen Zeitschrift Guben (Jahrgang 4), 7: 36 – 37. NEDELKOV N., 1912. Sexth contribution to the entomological fauna of Bulgaria. - Revue Académie des Sciences de Bulgarie, 2: 177-218 (Bulgarian). RHODENDORF E. B. Fam. Agromyzidae. (235-303). In: SHTAKELBERG, A. A., E. P. NARCHOUK 1970. (Eds.). Keys of Insects European part of USSR, V, “Nauka”, Leningrad, 943 p. (Russian). ROHÁÈEK J, 1983. A monograph and re-classification of the previous genus Limosina Macquart (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae) of Europe. - Beiträge zur Entomologie. II: 3-195; III: 203 - 255. ROHÁÈEK J., S. A. MARSHALL, A. L. NORRBOM, M. BUCK, D. ISABEL QUIROS, I. SMITH, 2001. World catalog of Sphaeroceridae (Diptera)Editor: J. ROHÁČEK. Slezský Zemský Muzeum Opava 2001. 414 p. ROZKOSNY R. 1982. A biosystematic study of the European Stratiomyidae (Diptera). - Series Entomologica, 81(1), 401 p. SPENCER K. A. 1976. The Agromyzidae (Diptera) of Fenoscandia and Denmark. - Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica, 5. Scandinavian Science Press LTD. 303. SPITZER K. 1978. A review of Bulgarian Rhagionidae (Diptera). – Acta zool. bulgarica, 10: 30 - 36. SZILADY J. 1934. Beitrag zur Dipternfauna Bulgariens. - Mitteil. Bulg. Entomolog. Gesellschaft in Sofia, 8: 145 - 152. TANASSIJTCHUK N., V. BESCHOVSKI. 1991. A contribution to the study of the Chamaemyia species (Diptera, Chamaemyiidae) from Bulgaria and some East European countries. - Acta zoologica bulgarica, 41: 18 - 25. VERVES Yu. G. 1986. Family Sarcophagidae. In Soos (Ed). (58-193. In: Catalogue of palaearctic Diptera, 11. Akademiai Kiado. Budapest. 346 p. VERESHCHAGIN N. K., A. N. IVANOV, YU., A. ISSAKOV, O. L. KRIZHANOVSKIJ, D. B. PANFILOV, A. N. FORMOZOV, O. N. SHOUBINOV. 1964. [Zoogeographic dividing (ranging) of the land. In: Physicogeogr. atlas of the world]. Moskow, Academy of Sciences of the USSR: 70 - 71. ZHELYAZOVA M. (JELJASOWA M.). 1975. Raubfliegen (Diptera, Asilidae) aus den Rhodopen. – La faune des Rhodopes. Matériaux: 197 - 204. (Bulgarian, French summary).
Author’s address: Venelin Beschovski Institute of Zoology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Diptera Brachycera (Insecta), установени в Западните Родопи (България) Венелин БЕШОВСКИ (Р е з ю м е) Общо 374 вида късоантенни мухи са установени досега на територията на Западните Родопи, принадлежащи към 23 семейства: 1. Rhagionidae (5 sp.), 2. Stratiomyidae (6 sp.), 3.Bombylidae (8 sp.), 4. Therevidae (1 sp.), 5. Asilidae (43 sp.), 6. Lonchopteridae (2), 7. Syrphidae (64 sp.), 8. Pipunculidae (1 sp.), 9. Muscidae (68 sp.), 10. Anthomyidae (15 sp.), 11. Calliphoridae (8 sp.), 12. Rhinophoridae (1 sp.), 13.
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Sarcophagidae (12 sp.), 14. Conopidae (11 sp.), 15. Platystomidae (1 sp.), 16. Tephritidae (3 sp.), 17. Chamaemyiadae (6 sp.), 18. Dryomyzidae (1 sp.), 19. Agromyzidae (61 sp.), 20. Chloropidae (12 sp.), 21. Helomyzidae (6 sp.), 22. Sphaeroceridae (11 sp), 23. Ephydridae (28 sp.). Най-много видове са установени от семействата Agromyzidae (61), Syrphidae (64), Muscidae (68), Asilidae (43) и Ephydridae (28). Всичките 374 вида се разпределят в 19 зоогеографски групи. Доминиращо значение имат европейските видове (33,16%), следвани от Евро-Сибирските (19,25 %) и Холарктичните (включително и Дизюнктивно-Холарктичните) (10,69 %). Девет вида се явяват ендемити (родопски, български и балкански). Те представляват 2,41% от групата. Това потвърждава мнението, че Родопската суша е играла важна роля във формирането и съхраняването на видовете разнообразие на Балканите и в Европа.
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Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Hoverflies (Syrphidae, Diptera) from the Rhodopes, Bulgaria
EMILIA MARKOVA
Markova E. 2006. Hoverflies (Syrphidae, Diptera) from the Rhodopes, Bulgaria. – In: Beron P. (ed) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 675-688. Abstract. A complete overview of the Rhodopes syrphid fly fauna has been carried out on the basis of literary and new data. A total of 89 species and one variety have been determined. Sixteen out of these syrphid fly species have been reported for the first time for the Rhodopes fauna. For some of the species new habitats have been given. A zoogeographic specification of the species has been presented in accordance with the contemporary data on their distribution. Key words: Diptera, hoverflies, Syrphidae, Rhodopes, Bulgaria
Introduction The syrphid flies fauna from the Rhodopes has not been subject to special regional examination. There is information on distinct species in 6 publications in total (NEDYALKOV, 1909, 1912; SZILADY, 1934; DRENSKI, 1934; DRENOVSKI, 1936; BANKOVSKA, 1967), but none of them concerns only the Syrphidae fauna from the Rhodopes. Two papers contributed more significantly to the faunistic research on the Syrphidae family in the region. In one of them Drenski provides data about 25 species found in the Rhodopes. The second publication is more comprehensive and in it BANKOWSKA (1967) gives a list, containing morphologic data and habitats of syrphid flies collected for a number of years in the mountain areas of Bulgaria mainly, and in the Rhodopes too. For the Rhodopes Bankowska cites a total of 34 species and one variety of syrphid flies. Some of the species have been quoted in the literary sources without indication of the habitat, rather than for the whole region, therefore an accurate notion of the species found in different areas of the mountain cannot be obtained. These species are quoted in the attached list in the same way the respective author has reported them. The total number of syrphid flies reported for the Rhodopes is 73 and one variety, based on literary data.
Material The materials for the new studies were collected sporadically between 1986 and 2004.
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The systematic order of the reported species and their geographic distribution have been presented by PECK (1988).
Results and discussion As a result of the examination a total of 89 syrphid fly species and one variety have been established, out of which 35 species and one variety are from the Syrphinae subfamily, 53 species are from the Milesiinae subfamily, and one species from the Microdontinae subfamily. Sixteen of them are new for the Rhodopes fauna. In the presented list they are marked with an asterisk (*). For a number of other species new habitats were indicated.
List of reported syrphid fly species (based on literary and original data) Syrphinae Dasysyrphus albostriatus (Fallén, 1817) Literary data: Grashevo (=Chehlyovo) (DRENSKI, 1934). Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Asia: Mongolia, Japan. Dasysyrphus lunulatus (Meigen, 1822) Literary data: NEDYALKOV (1912). New data: Chepelare, 2.VI.1997, 1 †. Distribution: Europe: all parts; Russia: Central and South European territories, West and East Siberia, Far East; Transcaucasus; Asia: Mongolia, Japan, China (East Tibet); Nearctic Region. Dasysyrphus venustus (Meigen, 1822) Pensoft, Literary data: Smolyan (BANKOWSKA, 1967). Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Transcaucasus; Asia: Mongolia; Nearctic Region. Didea alneti (Fallén, 1817) Literary data: Summit Syutkya (2076 m) (DRENSKI, 1934). Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Asia: Kazakhstan, Kirghizstan, Mongolia, Korea, Japan; Nearctic Region. Didea fasciata Macquart, 1834 Literary data: Syutkya Summit (DRENSKI, 1934). Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Transcaucasus; Asia: Japan; Oriental Region. Epistrophe melanostoma (Zetterstedt, 1843) Literary data: Bachkovo (BANKOWSKA, 1967). Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Asia: Japan.
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Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer, 1776) Literary data: Bachkovo, Madan (BANKOWSKA,1967). New data: Smolyan, 25.VI.1986, 4 ††, 2 ‡‡; Dospat, 30.VIII.1998, 2 ‡‡; Velingrad, 3.IX.2000, 2 ††, 1 ‡. Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Asia: Afghanistan, Mongolia, China, Japan; North Africa: Algeria, Egypt; Azores, Canary Is; Oriental Region; Australia. Eriozona syrphoides (Fallén, 1817) Literary data: Grashevo (=Chehlyovo) (DRENSKI, 1934). Distribution: Europe: all parts; Russia: North and Central European territories, West and East Siberia, Far East (Primorye Territory); Transcaucasus; Asia: Kazakhstan, Kirghizstan. Melangyna cincta (Fallén, 1817) Literary data: Velingrad (Chepino) (DRENSKI, 1934). Distribution: Europe: all parts; Russia: North and South European territories, Far East (Primorye Territory); Transcaucasus. Meliscaeva auricollis (Meigen, 1822) Literary data: NEDYALKOV (1912). Distribution: Europe: all parts; Russia: all European territories; Transcaucasus; Asia: Turkmenistan; North Africa: Morocco; Canary Is. Metasyrphus corollae (Fabricius, 1794) Literary data: NEDYALKOV (1912); Devin, Chepelare (DRENSKI, 1934); Asenovgrad (BANKOVSKA, 1967). New data: Asenovgrad, 24.V.1986, 3 ††, 3 ‡‡; Bachkovo, 25.VIII.1994, 1 †, 3 ‡‡, Velingrad, 3.IX.2000, 2 ††, 1 ‡. Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Asia: Iran, Mongolia, North China, Japan; North Africa: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt; Oriental Region; Tasmania. Metasyrphus luniger (Meigen, 1822) Literary data: Smolyan (BANKOWSKA, 1967). New data: Peshtera, 24.V.1996, 1 †; Belovo, 17.V.1990, 2 ‡‡. Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Asia: Afghanistan, Mongolia, Japan; North Africa: Morocco, Tunisia; Canary Is; Nearctic and Oriental Regions. *Metasyrphus nitens (Zetterstedt, 1843) New data: Belovo, 9.IX.1988, 1 †; Asenovgrad, 25.VIII.1995, 1 ‡; Jundola, 15.VIII.1999, 1 †. Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Asia: Afghanistan, Mongolia, Korea, Japan. Scaeva pyrastri (Linnaeus, 1758) Literary data: Asenovgrad, Madan (BANKOWSKA, 1967). New data: Asenovgrad, 24.V.1986, 3 ‡‡; Smolyan, 25.V.1986, 2 ‡‡; Kardjali, 26.V.1995, 1 ‡. Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Transcaucasus; Asia: Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Afghanistan, Mongolia, North China, Japan; North Africa: Algeria, Egypt; Madeira, Canary Is; Nearctic Region.
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Scaeva selenitica (Meigen, 1822) Literary data: NEDYALKOV (1912). New data: Dospat, 10.VII.1989, 2 ‡‡; Peshtera, 24.V.1993, 2 ††, 1 ‡; Peshtera, 5.VIII.2001, 1 ‡. Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Asia: Middle Asia, Afghanistan, Mongolia, China; Madeira; Oriental Region. *Sphaerophoria menthastri (Linnaeus, 1758) New data: Devin, 30.VII.1987, 1 †; Bachkovo, 20.VIII.1998, 1 ‡; Kardjali, 30.VIII.2004, 2 ‡‡. Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Transcaucasus; Asia: Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Mongolia, China, Japan; North Africa: Morocco, Egypt; Azores, Canary Is. *Sphaerophoria rueppelli (Wiedemann, 1830) New data: Smolyan, 5.VII.1992, 2 ††; Kardjali, 28.VII.2003, 2 ††. Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Transcaucasus; Asia: Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Syria, Afghanistan, Mongolia, China, Korea; North Africa: Algeria, Egypt; Canary Is. *Sphaerophoria scripta (Linnaeus, 1758) New data: Smolyan, 25.V.1986, 2 ††, 3 ‡‡; Peshtera, 24.V.1993, 5 ††, 2 ‡‡; Batak, 8.VIII.1991, 3 ††, 1 ‡; Asenovgrad, 20.VII.1993, 7 ††, 5 ‡‡; Madan, 30.VIII.2003, 3 ‡‡. Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Transcaucasus; Asia: Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Syria, Afghanistan, Mongolia; North Africa: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt; Azores, Madeira, Canary Is; Nearctic and Oriental Regions. Syrphus ribesii (Linnaeus, 1758) Literary data: NEDYALKOV (1912); Beli Brezi (near Ardino) (BANKOWSKA, 1967). New data: Dospat, 10.VII.1989, 1 †, Perushtitsa, 5.VIII.2001, 2 ††,1 ‡; Djebel, 25.VII.2003, 4 ††, 1 ‡. Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Asia: Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Afghanistan, Mongolia, Japan; Nearctic Region. *Syrphus torvus Osten Sacken, 1875 New data: Peshtera, 24.V.1993, 1 ‡; Narechenski Bani, 2.VI.2002, 1 †, 1 ‡. Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Transcaucasus; Asia: Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, Japan; Nearctic and Oriental Regions. Syrphus vitripennis Meigen, 1822 Literary data: NEDYALKOV (1912). New data: Velingrad, 17.IX.1990, 1 †, 2 ‡‡; Asenovgrad, 20.VII.1993, 1 ‡; Smolyan, 23.VII.1995, 1 †, 1 ‡; Bachkovo, 20.VIII.1998, 1 †, 1 ‡; Djebel, 25.VII.2003, 2 ††. Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Transcaucasus; Asia: Middle Asia, Mongolia, Iran, Afghanistan, Japan; Nearctic and Oriental Regions. Xanthogramma pedissequum (Harris,[1776]) Literary data: Bachkovski Monastery (NEDYALKOV, 1909); Asenovgrad (NEDYALKOV, 1912); Grashevo (=Chehlyovo) (DRENSKI, 1934); Bachkovo (BANKOWSKA, 1967). Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Transcaucasus; Asia: Kazakhstan, Middle Asia.
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Baccha obscuripennis Meigen, 1822 Literary data: Bachkovo (BANKOWSKA, 1967). Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Transcaucasus; Asia: Kazakhstan (south), Kirghizstan, Mongolia. Chrysotoxum arcuatum (Linnaeus, 1758) Literary data: NEDYALKOV (1912); Belovo (DRENSKI, 1934). New data: Kardjali, 28.VII.2003, 1 †. Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Transcaucasus; Asia: Iran, Mongolia, Japan (Honshu). Crysotoxum cautum (Harris,[1776]) Literary data: Grashevo (=Chehlyovo) (DRENSKI, 1934). New data: Narechenski Bani, 1.VIII.1992, 1 ‡. Distriubution: Europe: all parts; Russia: all European territories, West Siberia (Altai); Transcaucasus; Asia: Kazakhstan, Kirghizstan. *Chrysotoxum elegans Loew, 1841 New data: Narechenski Bani, 2.VI.2002, 1 ‡. Distribution: Europe: all parts; Russia: Central and South European territories; Transcaucasus; Asia: Kazakhstan. Chrysotoxum intermedium Meigen, 1822 Literary data: Asenovgrad (DRENOVSKI, 1936). Distribution: Europe: West, Central and South territories; Russia: South European territory. Chrysotoxum rhodopense Drenski, 1934 Literary data: Grashevo (=Chehlyovo) (DRENSKI, 1934). Distribution: Europe: Bulgaria. Chysotoxum vernale Loew, 1841 Literary data: Bachkovo, Smolyan, Madan (BANKOWSKA, 1967). New data: Belovo, 17.V.1990, 1 †, 1 ‡; Asenovgrad, 24.V.1986, 3 ††. Distribution: Europe: all parts; Russia: Central and South European territories, West and East Siberia, Far East; Transcaucasus; Asia: Kirghizstan, Turkmenistan, Iran. Melanostoma mellinum (Linnaeus, 1758) Literary data: Chepelare (DRENSKI, 1934); Rozhen Summit, Smolyan, Madan (BANKOWSKA, 1967. New data: Devin, 30.VII.1987, 1 ‡; Dospat, 30.VIII.1998, 3 ‡‡; Batak, 8.VIII.1991, 1 †; 4 ‡‡; Perushtitsa, 5.VIII.2001, 2 ††, 2 ‡‡; Djebel, 25.VII.2003, 1 †, 3 ‡‡; Kardjali, 28.VII.2003, 1 †, 2 ‡‡; Djebel, 2 IX.2004, 2 ‡‡. Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Asia: Mongolia, Iran, Afghanistan, Japan; North Africa: Morocco; Madeira, Canary Is; Nearctic Region. Platycheirus albimanus (Fabricius, 1781) Literary data: Smolyan (BANKOWSKA, 1967). New data: Smolyan, 25.VI.1986, 1 ‡; Chepelare, 1.VIII.1992, 2 ††.
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Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Transcaucasus; Asia: Kirghizstan, Tajikistan, Mongolia; Nearctic and Oriental Regions. *Platycheirus clypeatus (Meigen, 1822). New data: Smolyan, 25.V.1986, 1 †; Perushtitsa, 5.VIII.2001, 1 †, 1 ‡; Smolyan, 25.V.2002, 1 †. Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Transcaucasus; Asia: Kirghizstan, Mongolia, Japan, Afghanistan; Nearctic Region. Pyrophaena rosarum (Fabricius, 1787) Literary data: Smolyan (BANKOWSKA, 1967). New data: Smolyan, 25.V.2002, 1 †. Distribution: Europe: all parts; Russia: North and Central European territories, West and East Siberia; Transcaucasus; Nearctic Region. Paragus tibialis (Fallen, 1817) Literary data: Asenovgrad (BANKOWSKA, 1967). New data: Belovo, 9.IX.1988, 2 ‡‡; Peshtera, 24.V.1993, 2 ‡‡; Velingrad, 3.IX.2000, 1 †, 1 ‡; Narechenski Bani, 2.VI.2002, 1 †, 1 ‡; Madan, 30.VIII.2003, 1 ‡; Kardjali, 30.VIII.2004, 1 ‡. Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Asia: Mongolia, Korea, Japan, China, Iran, Afghanistan; North Africa: Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt; Madeira, Canary Is; Nearctic and Oriental Regions. Paragus tibialis var. meridionalis Becker, 1921 Literary data: Asenovgrad, Kardjali (BANKOWSKA, 1967). Distribution: Europe: Poland, Bulgaria, Greece; Asia: Middle Asia; North Africa; Canary Is. Paragus bicolor (Fabricius, 1794) Literary data: Belovo, Devin, Shiroka Laka (DRENSKI, 1934); Asenovgrad, Kardjali (BANKOWSKA, 1967). New data: Dospat, 30.VIII.1988, 1 ‡; Peshtera, 24.V.1993, 1 †, 1 ‡; Jundola, 15.VIII.1999, 1 †. Distribution: Europe: all parts; Russia: all European territories, West and East Siberia; Transcaucasus; Asia: Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Iran, Afghanistan; North Africa: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt; Nearctic Region. Milesiinae Neocnemodon vitripennis (Meigen, 1822) Literary data: Batak (DRENSKI, 1934). New data: Asenovgrad, 24.V.1986, 1 †; Djebel, 25. VII.2003, 1 †. Distribution: Europe: all parts; Russia: Central and South European territories, West and East Siberia, Far East; Transcaucasus; Asia: Mongolia, North China. Pipiza austriaca Meigen, 1822 Literary data: Yundola (DRENSKI, 1934). Distribution: Europe: all parts; Russia: Central European territory, West and East Siberia, Far East (Khabarovsk Territory); Asia: Japan (Hokkaido).
Syrphidae
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Pipizella virens (Fabricius, 1805) Literary data: Smolyan (BANKOWSKA, 1967). New data: Batak, 24.V.1996, 1 †, 1 ‡; Chepelare, 2.VI.1997, 3 ††; Kardjali, 28.VII.2003, 1 †. Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Transcaucasus; Asia: Kazakhstan, Kirghizstan, North Iran, Mongolia. Trichopsomyia f lavitarsis (Meigen, 1822) Literary data: Chepelare (DRENSKI, 1934). Distribution: Europe: all parts; Russia: North and Central European territories, West and East Siberia, Far East (Primorye Territory); Asia: Kazakhstan. Cheilosia albitarsis (Meigen, 1822) Literary data: Rozhen Summit, Smolyan (BANKOWSKA, 1967). New data: Smolyan, 25.V.2002, 1 †, 2 ‡‡. Distribution: Europe: all parts; Russia: all European territories, West Siberia; Transcaucasus; North Africa: Tunisia. Cheilosia melanopa (Zetterstedt, 1843) Literary data: Asenova Krepost (NEDYALKOV, 1912); Velingrad (Chepino), Chepelare, Shiroka Laka (DRENSKI, 1934). Distribution: Europe: all parts; Russia: North European territory. Cheilosia nigripes (Meigen, 1822) Literary data: Smolyan (BANKOWSKA, 1967). New data: Chepelare, 2.VI.1997, 1 †. Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Transcaucasus; Asia: Turkey, Mongolia. Cheilosia proxima (Zetterstedt, 1843) Literary data: Smolyan (BANKOWSKA, 1967). Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia. Cheilosia scutellata (Fallén, 1817) Literary data: Asenovgrad (NEDYALKOV, 1912); Bachkovo, Madan (BANKOWSKA, 1967). New data: Narechenski Bani, 2.VI.2002, 1 †. Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Transcaucasus; Asia: Kazakhstan, Kirghizstan, Mongolia, Japan. Cheilosia velutina Loew, 1840 Literary data: Bachkovo (BANKOWSKA, 1967). New data: Belovo, 17. V.1990, 1 ‡. Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Transcaucasus; Asia: Kirghizstan. Cheilosia vernalis (Fallén, 1817) Literary data: Velingrad (Chepino) (DRENSKI, 1934). New data: Peshtera, 24.V.1993, 1 †. Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Transcaucasus.
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Cheilosia vulpina (Meigen, 1822) Literary data: Bachkovski Monastery (NEDYALKOV, 1909). Distribution: Europe: West, Central and South territories; Russia: Central and South European territories. Cheilosia zetterstedti (Becker, 1894) Literary data: Smolyan (BANKOWSKA, 1967). New data: Batak, 24.V.1996, 2 ‡‡; Madan, 30.VIII.2003, 1 †. Distribution: Europe: Central and South territories; Russia: South European territory; Transcaucasus. *Ferdinandea cuprea (Scopoli, 1763). New data: Dospat, 30.VIII.1988, 1 †. Distribution: Europe: all parts; Russia: all European territories, West Siberia, Far East (Primorye Territory); Transcaucasus; Asia: Japan, (Hokkaido, Honshu). Volucella inf lata (Fabricius, 1794) Literary data: NEDYALKOV (1912). New data: Chepelare, 2.VII.1997, 1 ‡. Distribution: Europe: West, Central and South territories; Russia: Central and South European territories; Transcaucasus. Volucela pellucens (Linnaeus, 1758) Literary data: Asenovgrad (BANKOWSKA, 1967). New data: Chepelare, 2.VI.1997, 1 ‡. Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Transcaucasus; Asia: Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Mongolia, China, Korea, Japan; North Africa: Tunisia; Oriental Region. Volucela zonaria (Poda, 1761) Literary data: Bachkovo (DRENOVSKI, 1936); Asenovgrad (BANKOWSKA, 1967). New data: Velingrad, 15,VIII.1999, 1 †, 3 ‡‡. Distribution: Europe: West, Central and South territories; Russia: Central and South European territories, West Siberia, Far East; Transcaucasus; Asia: Middle Asia, Mongolia, Iran; North Africa: Tunisia. *Chrysogaster solstitialis (Fallen, 1817). New data: Smolyan, 25.V.1986, 3 ‡‡. Distribution: Europe: all parts; Russia: Central and South European territories; Transcaucasus; North Africa: Morocco. Chrysogaster viduata (Linnaeus, 1758) Literary data: Smolyan (BANKOWSKA, 1934). New data: Smolyan, 25.V.1986, 3 ††, 3 ‡‡. Distribution: Europe: all parts; Russia: Central and South European territories; Transcaucasus. *Lejogaster splendida (Meigen, 1822) New data: Djebel, 25.VII.2003, 1 †, 1 ‡. Distribution: Europe: all parts; Russia: Central and South European territories, West and East Siberia, Far East; Transcaucasus; Asia: Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Mongolia, Iran, Afghanistan.
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Orthonevra geniculata (Meigen, 1830) Literary data: Chepelare (DRENSKI, 1934). Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Asia: Mongolia. *Orthonevra longicornis (Loew, 1843) New data: Smolyan, 25.V.2002, 1 ‡. Distribution: Europe: South territory; Transcaucasus; Asia: Tajikistan, Turkey, Iran; North Africa: Morocco, Algeria. Orthonevra nobilis (Fallén, 1817) Literary data: Smolyan (BANKOWSKA, 1934). Distribution: Europe: all parts; Russia: all European territories, West Siberia, Far East; Transcaucasus; Asia: Kirghizstan, Tajikistan, China. Arctophila bombiformis (Fallén, 1810). Literary data: Yundola (DRENSKI, 1934). Distribution: Europe: all parts; Russia: Central and South European territories; Transcaucasus. Arctophila mussitans (Fabricius, 1776). Literary data: NEDYALKOV (1912). Distribution: Europe: all parts; Russia: Central European territory. *Eumerus ruficornis Meigen, 1822 New data: Kardjali, 28.VII.2003, 1‡. Distribution: Europe: all parts; Russia: Central and South European territories; North Africa: Algeria. Merodon aeneus Meigen, 1822 Literary data: Shiroka Laka (DRENSKI, 1934); Asenovgrad, Smolyan (BANKOWSKA, 1967). Distribution: Europe: West, Central and South territories; Transcaucasus (Armenia); North Africa: Morocco, Algeria. Merodon armipes Rondani, 1843 Literary data: Asenova Krepost (NEDYALKOV, 1912). Distribution: Europe: West, Central and South territories; Russia: South European territory (Crimea); Asia: Iran; North Africa: Algeria. Merodon crymensis Paramonov, 1925 Literary data: Smolyan (BANKOWSKA, 1967). Distribution: Europe: Switzerland, Romania, Bulgaria; Russia: South European territory (Crimea); Asia: Turkey. Merodon femoratus Sack, 1913 Literary data: Devin (DRENSKI, 1934). Distribution: Europe: South territory; Russia: Central and South European territories; Transcaucasus; Asia: Turkey.
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Merodon funestus (Fabricius, 1794) Literary data: Asenova Krepost (NEDYALKOV, 1912). Distribution: Europe: Central and South territories. Merodon ruficornis Meigen, 1822 Literary data: Asenovgrad, Rozhen Summit (1400 m) (BANKOWSKA, 1967). New data: Belovo, 17.V.1990, 2 ††. Distribution: Europe: Central and South territories; Russia: South European territory; Transcaucasus. Merodon rufus Meigen, 1838 Literary data: NEDYALKOV (1912). Distribution: Europe: West, Central and South territories; Russia: Central European territory; Asia: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kirghizstan, Tajikistan. Merodon spinipes (Fabricius, 1794) Literary data: Asenovgrad (BANKOWSKA, 1967). Distribution: Europe: West, Central and South territories; Russia: South European territory; Transcaucasus. Merodon spinipes nigritarsis Rondani, 1845. Literary data: NEDYALKOV (1912). Distribution: Europe: South territory; Transcaucasus. Psarus abdominalis (Fabricius, 1794) Literary data: Peshtera (NEDYALKOV, 1912). Distribution: Europe: all parts; Russia: Central and South European territories. *Eristalinus sepulchralis (Linnaeus, 1758) New data: Djebel, 2.IX.2004, 1 †. Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Transcaucasus; Asia: Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Syria, Mongolia, Japan, China; North Africa: Egypt; Oriental Region. *Eristalinus aeneus (Scopoli, 1763) New data: Belovo, 9.IX.1988, 2 ‡‡; Kardjali, 30.VIII.2004, 1 †. Distribution: Europe: all parts; Russia: Central and South European territories, Far East (Primorye Territory); Transcaucasus; Asia: Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Mongolia, China, Syria, Arab Emirates, Afghanistan; North Africa: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia; Canary Is; Nearctic, Afrotropical and Oriental Regions, Australia, Hawaii. Eristalis arbustorum (Linnaeus, 1758) Literary data: Asenovgrad (NEDYALKOV, 1912); Velingrad (Ladjene) (DRENSKI, 1934); Asenovgrad, Momchilgrad, Kardjali (BANKOWSKA, 1967). New data: Jundola, 15.VIII.1999, 4 ††, 2 ‡‡; Kardjali, 28.VII.2003, 1 ‡; Djebel, 2.IX.2004, 2 ††. Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Transcaucasus; Asia: Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Syria, Iran, Afghanistan; North Africa: Morocco, Algeria; Azores; Nearctic and Oriental Regions.
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Eristalis jugorum Egger, 1858 Literary data: NEDYALKOV (1912). Distribution: Europe: West, Central and South territories; Transcaucasus. Eristalis nemorum (Linnaeus, 1758) Literary data: Belovo (NEDYALKOV, 1912). New data: Asenovgrad, 20.VII.1993, 2 ††; Chepelare, 2.VI.1997, 1 †. Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Transcaucasus; Asia: Kirghizstan, Mongolia; Nearctic Region. Eristalis pratorum Meigen, 1822 Literary data: SZILADY (1934). Distribution: Europe: all parts; Russia: Central and South European territories, West Siberia (Altai); Transcaucasus; Asia: Kirghizstan; North Africa: Morocco, Algeria. Eristalis tenax (Linnaeus, 1758) Literary data: Asenovgrad (NEDYALKOV, 1909). New data: Dospat, 10.VIII.1991, 2 ††; Smolyan, 15.VIII.1997, 1 †; Jundola, 15.VIII.1999, 3 ††, 4 ‡‡; Velingrad, 3.IX.2000, 2 ‡‡; Kardjali, 28.VI.2003, 2 ††. Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Asia: from Turkey to Japan; North Africa; Madeira, Canary Is, Azores. Helophilus lunulatus Meigen, 1822 Literary data: Batashko Blato (DRENSKI, 1934). Distribution: Europe: all parts; Russia: Central and South European territories, West and East Siberia, Far East; Transcaucasus; Asia: Kirghizstan, Japan (Hokkaido); Nearctic Region. Helophilus hybridus Loew, 1846 Literary data: Belovo (DRENSKI, 1934). New data: Jundola, 15.VIII.1999, 1 ‡; Madan, 30.VIII.2003, 1 †. Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Asia: Mongolia; Nearctic Region. *Helophilus paralelus (Harris, [1778]) New data: Velingrad, 17.IX.1990, 1 †; Velingrad, 3.IX.2000, 1 ‡. Distribution: Europe: all parts; Russia: Central and South European territories, West and East Siberia, Far East; Transcaucasus; Asia: Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Mongolia, China, Iran, Afghanistan. *Helophilus pendulus (Linnaeus, 1758) New data: Kardjali, 26.V.1995, 1 ‡. Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Transcaucasus. Myathropa f lorea (Linnaeus, 1758) Literary data: Smolyan (BANKOWSKA, 1967). New data: Velingrad, 17.IX.1990, 1 †; Dospat, 10.VIII.1991, 1 ‡; Asenovgrad, 20.VIII.1998, 2 ‡‡.
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Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Asia: Afghanistan; North Africa: Algeria; Canary Is, Azores. Milesia semiluctifera (Villers, 1789) Literary data: Asenovgrad (NEDYALKOV, 1909); Devin (DRENSKI, 1934). Distribution: Europe: South territory; Russia: South European territory; Transcaucasus; Asia: Turkmenistan. Syritta pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758) Literary data: Madan, Kardjali (BANKOWSKA, 1967). New data: Devin, 30.VII.1987, 2 ‡‡; Peshtera, 24.V.1993, 2 ††; Velingrad, 3.IX.2000, 1 †, 2 ‡‡; Perushtitsa, 5.VIII.2001, 3 ‡‡; Djebel, 25.VII.2003, 1†, 1 ‡; Kardjali, 30.VIII.2004, 3 ††. Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Asia: Mongolia, China, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan; North Africa: Morocco, Algeria; Madeira, Canary Is; Nearctic and Oriental Regions. Chalcosyrphus femoratus (Linnaeus, 1758) Literary data: DRENSKI (1934). Distribution: all parts of Europe and Russia; Transcaucasus; Asia: Kazakhstan, Kirghizstan, China. Chalcosyrphus pannonicus (Oldenberg, 1916) Literary data: Batashko Blato (DRENSKI, 1934). Distribution: Europe: Romania, Bulgaria, Ukraine; Transcaucasus. Xylota ignava (Panzer, [1798]) Literary data: Bachkovo (BANKOWSKA, 1934). Distribution: Europe: all parts; Russia: Central and South European territories, West and East Siberia, Far East; Transcaucasus; Asia: Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Mongolia, China (East Tibet), Korea, Japan. Microdontinae Microdon mutabilis (Linnaeus, 1758) Literary data: Smolyan (BANKOWSKA, 1967). Distribution: Europe: all parts; Russia: Central and South European territories, West Siberia (Altai), Far East (Primorye Territory); Transcaucasus; Asia: Kazakhstan.
Zoogeographical notes According to the contemporary data on their geographical distribution, the reported species can be classified into 14 zoogeographic categories, united in two chorological complexes (table 1). I. Species, distributed within and outside of the Palaearctic.
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T a b l e 1. Zoogeographic characterization of the syrphid flies from the Rhodopes Zoogeographic categories Species, distributed in and out of Palaearctic Holarctic Holarctic-oriental Palaearctic-oriental Palaearctic-oriental-Australian Holarctic-afrotropic-oriental-Australian Species, distributed only in Palaearctic Palaearctic Central-palaearctic North-central palaearctic West-central palaearctic West-palaearctic North-west palaearctic South-west palaearctic European Endemics
Number of species
%
27 12 8 4 2 1 63 5 1 26 14 5 1 4 6 1
29,9 13,3 8,9 4,4 2,2 1,1 70,1 5,6 1,1 28,9 15,6 5,6 1,1 4,4 6,7 1,1
This complex comprises totally 27 wide-aerial species (29,9 %), united into 5 zoogeographic categories. The category with the highest representation is the one of the holarctic species (12 species – 13.3 %) followed by the holarctic-oriental species (8 species – 8.9%). II. Species, distributed only in the Palaearctic. This complex covers the largest part of the reported species – 63 species (70.1%). The species of this complex are grouped in 9 categories. Most widespread are two categories: north-central-palaearctic species (26 species – 28.9%) and west-centralpalaearctic species (14 species – 15.6%). The zoogeographic character of the Syrphidae fauna in the examined region is defined mainly by these categories. There is one regional endemic – Chrysotoxum rhodopense, in the group of the endemics.
Level of regional exploration Considering the non-purposeful examination of the syrphid flies carried out up to date, it can be deemed that as a whole, Syrphidae family has not been sufficiently studied. Future exploration will probably complement the taxonomic list.
Acknowledgements I express my sincere gratitude to the colleagues, who provided me with materials for the current research.
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E. MARKOVA References
BANKOWSKA R. 1967. Matériaux pour l’étude des Syrphidae (Diptera) de Bulgarie. – Fragmenta faunistica, 13(21): 345-389. DRENOVSKI A. 1936. Beitrag zur Insektenfauna Bulgariens u. Mazedoniens. II. – Mitt. bulg. ent. Ges., 9: 237-256. (In Bulgarian). DRENSKI P. 1934. Die Fliegen der Familie Syrphidae (Diptera) in Bulgarien. – Mitt. bulg. ent. Ges., 8: 108-131. (In Bulgarian). NEDYALKOV N. 1909. [Our Insect Fauna]. – Arhiv na MNP, I, 3: 83-135. (In Bulgarian). NEDYALKOV N. 1912. Sixth Contribution to Bulgarian Insect Fauna. – Spisanie na BAN, 2: 177-218. (In Bulgarian). PECK L. U. 1988. Syrphidae. In: Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera, Acad. Kiado, Budapest, 8: 8-230; 320-363. SZILADY Z. 1934. Beiträge zur Dipteren Fauna Bulgariens. – Mitt. bulg. ent. Ges., 8: 143-151.
Author’s address: Emilia Markova Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection Faculty of Biology Sofia University 8, Dragan Tsankov Blvd. 1164 Sofia e-mail:
[email protected]
Сирфидни мухи (Syrphidae, Diptera) от Родопите, България Емилия МАРКОВА (Р е з ю м е) Изследването на сирфидната фауна от Родопите е базирано на цялостен преглед на литературните данни по въпроса и на нов фаунистичен материал, събран в периода от 1986-2004 г. В резултат на проучването са установени 89 вида и един вариетет сирфидни мухи, от които 35 вида и един вариетет от подсемейство Syrphinae, 53 вида от подсемейство Milesiinae и един вид от подсемейство Microdontinae. Шестнадесет от видовете са нови за фауната на Родопите. Установените видове сирфидни мухи, според съвременните данни за географското им разпространение, са класифицирани в 14 зоогеографски категории, обединени в два хорологични комплекса: 1. Видове с широко разпространение в Палеарктика и извън нея (27 вида – 29,9 %) и 2. Видове, разпространени само в Палеарктика (63 вида – 70,1 %). Зоогеографският характер на сирфидната фауна в изследвания район се определя преди всичко от видовете със североцентралнопалеарктично и до известна степен от тези със западноценралнопалеарктично разпространение Един от видовете – Chrysotoxum rhodopense – е регионален ендемит.
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Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Tachinidae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
ZDRAVKO HUBENOV
Hubenov Z. 2006. Tachinidae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P. (ed). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 689-697. Abstract. A total of 122 species that belong to 77 genera of the family Tachinidae have been found in the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria) so far. It is accepted that about 50% of the species in this territory have been established. The small number of the localities and the wide distribution of the tachinids do not allow to make a characterization of the vertical distribution of the species in the mountain. The Tachinidae fauna is divided into 2 groups: 1) species with a Mediterranean type of distribution (11 species – 9.0%), including also species of southern type, distributed in the Palearctic and beyond it; 2) species with a Palearctic and Eurosiberian type of distribution (111 species – 91.0%), including also species of northern type, distributed in the Palearctic and beyond it. The zoogeographical character of the tachinid fauna in the investigated region is determined by the second group. Key words. Diptera, Tachinidae, faunistics, zoogeography, Western Rhodopes, Bulgaria
Introduction The first data on the Tachinidae of the Western Rhodopes are reported by NEDELKOV (1912). The information refers to 8 species without exact localities. Between the two World Wars JACENTKOVSKY (1936, 1937) published data on 18 species from the investigated territory. After the World War II a scanty information (from 1 to 5 species) on the explored area appeared in 5 publications (GRUEV, 1973; TOMOV, 1974; HUBENOV, 1980a, 1980b, 1983). The data are fragmentary, concern separate parts of the mountain massif and are scattered in different articles which are not specially referred to the Western Rhodopes. There is a lack of generalized investigations on the tachinid fauna of the mountain. The aim of this paper is to present information concerning faunistic composition and study level of the tachinid fauna in the Bulgarian part of the Western Rhodopes.
Material and methods The material was collected during 1973-1989. It is stored in the scientific fund of the Institute of Zoology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Materials from the collections
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of the National Museum of Natural History in Sofia, collected by Acad. I. Buresch, Dr. P. Drensky, D. Gogov and N. Nedelkov, have been included as well. Materials, given by J. Ganev and Dr. G. Georgiev, also have been treated. Twenty-four localities from the Bulgarian part of the mountain are included in these collections but the last ones have a casual character. 1. Asenova Krepost (near Asenovgrad), 350 m, 7. IV.1926, leg. I. Buresch. 2. Asenovgrad (Plovdiv district), 250 m, 10.VI.1970, VI.1971 (GRUEV, 1973; TOMOV, 1974), 29.V.1995, 17.VII.1996, leg. G. Georgiev. 3. Banite village (Smolyan municipality), 650-700 m, 15.VIII.1925, leg. P. Drensky. 4. Bachkovo (surroundings), 500-650 m, 7-9.IX.1935 (JACENTKOVSKY, 1936, 1937). 5. Bachkovo village (Asenovgrad municipality), 650 m, 30.VI-7.VII.1973, leg. Z. Hubenov. 6. Bachkovski Monastery, 700 m, 19.VI.1926, leg. P. Drensky, VII.1973, leg. Z. Hubenov. 7. Batak (Pazardjik district), 1030 m, 11.VIII.1925, 18.VI.1926, leg. P. Drensky. 8. Belovo (Pazardjik district), 350-450 m, 4.IV-VII.1909, leg. N. Nedelkov. 9. Chehlyovo (country, forestry farm), 1350 m, 4-7.VIII.1925, 23.VI.1926, leg. P. Drensky. 10. Chepelare (Smolyan district), 1140 m, 29.VII.1988, leg. J. Ganev. 11. Chepinska Valley, 750-800 m, 22.VIII.1958, leg. D. Gogov. 12. Chervenata Stena Reserve, 800-1130 m, 15-20.VII.1973, leg. Z. Hubenov. 13. Dobra Voda Hut (near Pazardjik), 850-900 m, 1-10.VII.1985, leg. Z. Hubenov. 14. Dospat (Smolyan district), 1150 m, 6.VIII.1925, leg. P. Drensky. 15. Malka Syutkya Peak, 2078 m, 7.VIII.1925, leg. P. Drensky. 16. Rhodopes (near Asenovgrad), 300-350 m, V.1907, leg. N. Nedelkov. 17. Rhodopes (without exact localities), V-VIII (NEDELKOV, 1912). 18. Shiroka Laka village (Smolyan district), 1100 m, 30.V-2.VI.1988, leg. Z. Hubenov. 19. Snezhanka Peak, 1925 m, 1.VIII.1988, leg. J. Ganev. 20. Solishta village (Smolyan municipality), 1300 m, 31.V-1.VI.1988, leg. Z. Hubenov. 21. Varbovo village (Smolyan municipality), 1200 m, 31.V.1988, leg. Z. Hubenov. 22. Velingrad (Pazardjik district), 750 m, 29.VII.1925, leg. P. Drensky. 23. Yundola (col), 1350 m, 28.VII-13.VIII.1925, 9.VIII.1936, leg. P. Drensky. 24. Yundola (resort), 1300-1400 m, 31.V.1989, leg. Z. Hubenov. The small number of the regions, where the material with exact localities is collected from, shows the poor studying of this vast territory. Tachinids have been collected for a long time only in the surroundings of Asenovgrad and Shiroka Laka. Route and stationary entomological methods have been used for the collecting of the imago forms. They have been caught on the blossoms of Euphorbia, Daucus, Torilis, Angelica, Heracleum, Aegopodium, Eryngium, Seseli, Peucedanum, Hedera, Sambucus, Mentha, Origanum, Thymus, Achilea, Senecio, Leucathemum and Cirsium, on the leaves of bushes and trees and sweeping on herbaceous vegetation. A zoogeographical analysis has been used for the zoogeographical characterization of the species. Information on the complexes of species with different zoogeographical character was received, based on the published data regarding taxa distribution and results of the sums. Data on the species distribution
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have been taken from the publications of HERTING (1984), HERTING & DELYDRASKOVITS (1993) and RICHTER (2004). The following abbreviations and marks have been used: bm, Boreomontane; cse, Central and South European; des, Disjunctive Eurosiberian; dp, Disjunctive Palearctic; e, European; ess, European and South Siberian; h, Holarctic; hes, Holoeurosiberian; hm, Holomediterranean; ho, Holarctic–Oriental; hp, Holopalearctic; k, Cosmopolitan; mca, Mediterranean–Central Asian; mss, Mediterranean and South Siberian; nm, North Mediterranean; nmt, North Mediterranean–Turanian; po, Palearctic–Oriental; ppt, Palearctic–Paleotropical; ppta, Palearctic–Paleotropic–Australian; sk, Semicosmopolitan; sp, South Palearctic; spat, South Palearctic–Afrotropical; tesca, Transeurosiberian–Central Asian; tp, Transpalearctic; wces, West and Central Eurosiberian; wcp, West and Central Palearctic; wes, West Eurosiberian; wp, West Palearctic; •••• – stationary (in large numbers), ••• – trivial, •• – comparatively rare, • – very rare species.
Results and discussion A total of 122 species of the family Tachinidae, belonging to 77 genera, have been established in the investigated region (Table 1). The number of the species established is smaller than in Pirin Mt. (203 species – HUBENOV, 1992) and Belasitsa Mt. (147 species – HUBENOV, 1995). It can be assumed that about 50% of the species in this vast territory have been found. It is seen that the localities near Asenovgrad (250-300 m a.s.l.) are the lowest whereas the highest ones are in the region of Malka Syutkya Peak (2078 m a.s.l.) in terms of vertical distribution. The localities about 1000 m a.s.l. (± 200 m) predominate. Usually the widely distributed species (such as most of the established ones) climb up over 1000 m a.s.l. and it is possible to find them in almost all appropriate biotopes. More of the tachinids established are eurybiont forms, widespread in Bulgaria, with Holarctic, Palearctic and Eurosiberian areas. The poor study level of the investigated region, the small number of the localities and the wide distribution of the tachinids do not allow to make a characterization of their vertical distribution. T a b l e 1. Species composition of the family Tachinidae (Diptera) from the Western Rhodopes Taxa Exoristinae Exorista larvarum (Linnaeus, 1758) E. mimula (Meigen, 1824) E. rustica (Fallén, 1810) Chaetogena acuminata Rondani, 1859 Ch. filipalpis Rondani, 1859 Ch. obliquata (Fallén, 1810) Phorocera asimilis (Fallén, 1810) Ph. grandis (Rondani, 1859)
Localites
5, 13, 18, 20 3, 7 5 4 5 11 8 8
Zoogeographical Abundance categories hp hp hp tp nmt tp des dp
••• •• •• • • •• •• ••
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Taxa
Localites
Zoogeographical Abundance categories
Ph. obscura (Fallén, 1810) Meigenia dorsalis (Meigen, 1824) M. mutabilis (Fallén, 1810) Zaira cinerea (Fallén, 1810) Oswaldia spectabilis (Meigen, 1824) Erynniopsis antennata (Rondani, 1861) Blondelia nigripes (Fallén, 1810) Compsilura concinnata (Meigen, 1824) Smidtia amoena (Meigen, 1824) Winthemia cruentata (Rondani, 1859) Aplomyia confinis (Fallén, 1820) Phebellia nigripalpis (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1847) Nilea hortulana (Meigen, 1824) Phryxe erythrostoma (Hartig, 1838) Ph.nemea (Meigen, 1824) Ph. vulgaris (Fallén, 1810) Pseudoperichaeta nigrolineata (Walker, 1853) P. palesoidea (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) Lydella stabulans (Meigen, 1824) Cadurciella tritaeniata (Rondani, 1859) Drino atropivora (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) D. inconspicua (Meigen, 1830) Huebneria affinis (Fallén, 1810) Carcelia gnava (Meigen, 1824) C. lucorum (Meigen, 1824) Senometopia separata (Rondani, 1859) Alsomyia capillata (Rondani, 1859) Platymyia fimbriata (Meigen, 1824) Eumea linearicornis (Zetterstedt, 1844) Zenillia libatrix (Panzer, 1798) Pales pavida (Meigen, 1824) Eurysthaea scutellaris (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1848) Sturmia bella (Meigen, 1824) Blepharipa pratensis (Meigen, 1824) Prosopea nigricans (Egger, 1861) Gaedia distincta (Egger, 1861) Gonia capitata (De Geer, 1776) G. ornata Meigen, 1826
6, 18 12, 18 2, 5, 6, 13, 12, 20 5, 18 12 2, 6 5, 6, 10, 12, 13, 18, 21 5, 13, 18, 20, 24 18 17 4, 10, 13, 18, 21 10 6 14 5, 6, 10, 13, 18, 21 5, 6, 11, 13, 18, 21, 24 10, 11 5 18 10, 21 20, 23 2, 5, 13, 20 6, 11, 13, 17 6, 13, 20 18 2 5 12, 18, 19, 20 12, 18, 24 16, 17 4, 12, 13, 21, 24 5, 10, 11, 13 4 24 6, 10 17 3, 5, 7, 11, 15 16
des hes wcp tp e nm tp sk hes hes hp des hes wes hes h des wcp wes des sp wes ess des tp hes hm tp hes hes hp e po tp wcp ess wcp wcp
Tachininae Tachina fera (Linnaeus, 1761) T. magnicornis (Zetterstedt, 1844) T. lurida (Fabricius, 1781) T. praeceps Meigen, 1824 Nowickia atripalpis (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863) N. ferox (Panzer, 1809) Peleteria ferina (Zetterstedt, 1844)
4, 5, 13, 14, 17, 18, 24 hp 5, 6, 10, 12, 18, 21, 23 hp 5, 12, 13, 20, 21 wp 18, 21 tp 15, 23 hes, bm 19, 21, 23 wes 5, 18 hes
•• •• •••• •• • •• •••• •••• •• • ••• •• •• • ••• ••• •• • •• •• ••• ••• ••• •• •• •• • ••• ••• •• ••• ••• •• •• •• •• ••• •• •••• •••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••
Tachinidae Taxa
Localites
693
Zoogeographical Abundance categories
P. rubescens (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) Peleteria varia (Fabricius, 1794) Nemoraea pellucida (Meigen, 1824) Linnaemya comta (Fallén, 1810) L. impudica (Rondani, 1859) L. haemorrhoidalis (Fallén, 1810) L. picta (Meigen, 1824) Ernestia rudis (Fallén, 1810) Eurithia caesia (Fallén, 1810) Loewia brevifrons (Rondani, 1856) Pseudopachystylum gonioides (Zetterstedt, 1838) Macquartia chalconota (Meigen, 1824) M. dispar (Fallén, 1820) M. praefica (Meigen, 1824) M. tenebricosa (Meigen, 1824) M. tessellum (Meigen, 1824) Actia crassicornis (Meigen, 1824) Peribaea apicalis (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863) P. tibialis (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1851) Siphona geniculata (De Geer, 1776) Aphria longirostris (Meigen, 1824) Bithia glirina (Rondani, 1861) B. modesta (Meigen, 1824) Leskia aurea (Fallén, 1820) Mintho rufiventris (Fallén, 1816)
3, 4, 13, 14, 15, 22, 24 tp 5, 11, 12, 13, 18 ppta 4, 20 hes 5, 24 ho 10, 13, 18 cse 11, 18, 23 hes, bm 6, 18, 24 po 21 tp 9, 14 hes 24 nm 16 hes 17, 20 wes 5, 18, 24 ess 6, 13 wes 5, 11 wcp 2 mca 11 ess 24 tp 17 spat 4, 5, 23 tp 21 wcp 10, 16, 24 wes 4, 6, 12 hm 5, 13 hes 4, 13 tp
•••• •••• •• ••• •• ••• ••• •• •• •• •• •• ••• •• •• •• •• • •• ••• • ••• ••• •• ••
Dexiinae Trixa conspersa (Harris, 1776) Billaea irrorata (Meigen, 1826) B. pectinata (Meigen, 1826) B. triangulifera (Zetterstedt, 1844) Dinera carinifrons (Fallén, 1816) D. ferina (Fallén, 1816) D. grisescens (Fallén, 1816) Estheria bohemani (Rondani, 1862) E. cristata (Meigen, 1826) E. petiolata (Bonsdorff, 1866) E. picta (Meigen, 1826) Dexia rustica (Fabricius, 1775) Prosena siberita (Fabricius, 1775) Zeuxia cinerea (Meigen, 1826) Eriothrix apennina (Rondani, 1862) E. rufomaculata (De Geer, 1776) Periscepsia carbonaria (Panzer, 1788) Athrycia trepida (Meigen, 1824) Voria ruralis (Fallén, 1810) Thelaira nigripes (Fabricius, 1794)
11 6, 11, 12, 18, 24 3, 9, 13, 22 9, 18, 22 4, 5, 11, 13, 12, 18, 24 5, 10, 12, 13, 22 4 3, 10 23 3, 7, 12, 15, 22, 23 5, 22, 23 6, 11, 13, 22 5, 10, 11, 13 3, 9, 10, 13 22 5, 7, 9, 17, 18, 21 5, 13 24 4, 5 4, 10, 24
• ••• •• •• ••• ••• • •• • •••• ••• ••• ••• •• •• ••• •• •• •• •••
wes e mca hes hes wes hes e e wces wcp hes ppta wp wp tp ppt tp k tp
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Taxa Stomina iners (Meigen, 1838) Dufouria nigrita (Fallén, 1810) Chaetoptilia puella (Rondani, 1862) Phasiinae Heliozeta helluo (Fabricius, 1805) H. pellucens (Fallén, 1820) Clytiomyia continua (Panzer, 1798) Ectophasia crassipennis (Fabricius, 1794) E. oblonga (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) Gymnosoma clavatum (Rhodendorf, 1947) G. dolycoridis Dupuis, 1961 G. nitens (Meigen, 1824) G. rotundatum (Linnaeus, 1758) Elomyia lateralis (Meigen, 1824) Phasia obessa (Fabricius, 1794) Ph. subcoleoptrata (Linnaeus, 1758) Ph. pusilla (Meigen, 1824) Dionaea aurifrons (Meigen, 1824) Eulabidogaster setifacies (Rondani, 1861) Leucostoma tetraptera (Meigen, 1824) Clairvillia biguttata (Meigen, 1824) Labigaster forcipata (Meigen, 1824) Cylindromyia bicolor (Olivier, 1812) C. brassicaria (Fabricius, 1775) C. pilipes (Loew, 1844) C. crassa (Loew, 1844) C. intermedia (Meigen, 1824) C. auriceps (Meigen, 1838) Phania curvicauda (Fallén, 1820)
Localites
Zoogeographical Abundance categories
4 5 10
hm wcp des
•• •• •
5, 8, 13 1, 5, 10, 13 6, 8, 13 5, 11, 12, 13, 18, 21 5, 11, 13, 22 1, 7, 12, 22 9, 13, 14 13, 18, 21 4, 6, 9, 10, 13, 18, 24 11, 12, 13 6, 13, 21 6, 12 4, 6, 12, 18 13 4 4, 12 14 13 5, 6, 11, 13, 18 4, 5, 6, 12, 13, 18, 21 8 5, 8, 22 4, 11 4, 16, 21 17
tp des tp tp wp tp tesca hes tp tp tp tp tp tp wp wcp dp wes mca hp wcp mss h tp e
••• ••• ••• •••• ••• ••• ••• •• •••• ••• ••• •• ••• •• •• •• •• •• ••• •••• •• •• •• •• •
The established species from the family Tachinidae can be divided into 3 groups on the basis of the current data on their geographical distribution (Table 2). Species, distributed in the Palearctic and beyond it. This group (11 species - 9.0 %) includes 8 zoogeographical categories, seven of which combine species of a northern type (widely distributed in the Holarctic or the Palearctic). However, the species Peribaea tibialis (R.-D.) is of southern type (South Palearctic–Afrotropical). The group is not of determinative importance for the zoogeographical characteristic of the Tachinidae in the investigated region because of its heterogeneity and small number. Species, distributed only in the Palearctic but in more than one subregion. A total of 52 species (42.6%) from this group have been established in the Western Rhodopes. Its character is determined by the Transpalearctic species (24 species - 19.7%) which are the most numerous, followed by the West and Central Palearctic (11 species - 9.0%) and the Holopalearctic ones (8 species - 6.6%). The species Phorocera grandis
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T a b l e 2. Zoogeographical characteristic of the family Tachinidae in the Western Rhodopes Zoogeographical categories
Number of species
Percentage
Species, distributed in the Palearctic and beyond it NORTHERN TYPE Cosmopolitan Semicosmopolitan Palearctic–Paleotropic–Australian Palearctic–Paleotropical Holarctic–Oriental Palearctic–Oriental Holarctic SOUTHERN TYPE South Palearctic–Afrotropical
11 10 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1
9.0 8.2 0.8 0.8 1.6 0.8 0.8 1.6 1.6 0.8 0.8
Species, distributed only in the Palearctic PALAEARCTIC TYPE Holopalearctic Transpalearctic West and Central Palearctic West Palearctic Disjunct Palearctic Transeurosiberian–Central Asian South Palearctic EUROSIBERIAN TYPE Holoeurosiberian West and Central Eurosiberian West Eurosiberian Disjunct Eurosiberian European and South Siberian European Central and South European MEDITERRANEAN TYPE Mediterranean and South Siberian Mediterranean–Central Asian Holomediterranean North Mediterranean–Turanian North Mediterranean
111 52 8 24 11 5 2 1 1 49 19 1 10 8 4 6 1 10 1 3 3 1 2
91.0 42.6 6.6 19.7 9.0 4.1 1.6 0.8 0.8 40.2 15.6 0.8 8.2 6.6 3.3 4.9 0.8 8.2 0.8 2.4 2.4 0.8 1.6
(Rond.) and Clairvillia biguttata (Meig.) have a longitudinal disjunction of their areals that includes parts of the Siberian and Central Asian subregions. Species, distributed within the boundaries of one Palearctic subregion. This group (59 species - 48.4%) includes species with a Eurosiberian and Mediterranean type of distribution. According to many authors, who combine the Mediterranean and Central Asian subregions, the Mediterranean-Centralasian species are also included here. The Eurosiberian species are 49 (40.2%), of which the Holoeurosiberian (19 species - 15.6%), the West Eurosiberian (10 species - 8.2%) and the Disjunctive Eurosiberian (8
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species - 6.6%) ones are best represented. The last species have a longitudinal disjunction of their areals in regard to Siberia. Nowickia atripalpis (R.-D.) and Linnaemya haemorrhoidalis (Fall.) are boreomontane forms. The European species are 6 (4.9%) as the areal of Linnaemya impudica (Rond.) includes parts of Central and South Europe. The Mediterannean species are 10 (8.2%), so their number is comparatively small. It must be mentioned that the percentage of the Mediterannean species in the Eastern Rhodopes is 13.1%, whereas in the Sandanski-Petrich Valley (the region with the strongest Mediterannean influence in Bulgaria) it is higher - 16.9% (BESCHOVSKI & HUBENOV, 1986). This probably has to do with the incomplete investigations of the Western Rhodopes and the availability of rare forms, represented by dispersed populations in the mountain, which have not been found yet.
Conclusion The above review shows that the Tachinidae fauna of the Western Rhodopes consists of 2 groups: 1) Species with a Mediterranean type of distribution (11 species - 9.0%) more thermophilic and distributed mainly in the southern parts of the Palearctic. The southern type species (Peribaea tibialis R.-D.), distributed in the Palearctic and beyond it, can be formally related to this group as well; 2) Species with a Palearctic and Eurosiberian type of distribution (111 species - 91.0%) - more frost-loving and more widely distributed in the Palearctic. The northern type species, distributed in the Palearctic and beyond it, can be formally related to this group as well (10 species). The zoogeographical character of the Tachinidae fauna in the investigated region is determined by the second group.
References BESCHOVSKI V., Z. HUBENOV. 1986. Die Insekten von der Familie Tachinidae (Diptera) in den Submediterranbiotopen Südwestbulgariens. I. Artenbestand und zoogeographische Charakteristik der Tachinidae im Tal zwischen Sandanski und Petrič. - In: Fauna of Southwestern Bulgaria. Part 1. Sofia, Publishing house of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 118-129 (In Bulgarian). GRUEV B. 1973. Untersuchungen über einige Blattkäfer (Col., Chrysomelidae) in Bulgarien zur Bestimmung von Dipterenparasiten. – Trav. sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Animalia, 11(5): 149-151. HERTING B. 1984. Catalogue of Palearctic Tachinidae (Diptera). - Stuttg. Beitr. Naturk., A, 1-228. HERTING B., A. DELY-DRASKOVITS. 1993. Family Tachinidae. - In: Soós, Á. & Papp, L. (ed.). Catalogue of Palearctic Diptera, 13. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 118-624. HUBENOV Z. 1980a. Tachinid species Tachinidae (Diptera), new for the fauna of Bulgaria. – Acta zool. bulg., 14:79-82 (In Bulgarian) HUBENOV Z. 1980b. A contribution to the studies on the fauna and biology of the species of family Tachinidae (Diptera) in Bulgaria. – Acta zool. bulg., 15: 77-80 (In Bulgarian) HUBENOV Z. 1983. A contribution to the studies on family Tachinidae (Diptera). – Acta zool. bulg., 23: 5761. (In Bulgarian) HUBENOV Z. 1992. Artenbestand, Höhenverbreitung und zoogeografische Characteristik der Familie Tachinidae (Diptera) aus dem Piringebirge. - Acta zool. bulg., 44: 3-18. HUBENOV Z. 1995. Artenbestand, Vertikalverbreitung und zoogeografische Characteristik der Familie Tachinidae (Diptera) aus dem Belasizagebirge. - Acta zool. bulg., 48: 48-61.
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HUBENOV Z. 2004. Tachinidae (Diptera) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). - In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 769-775. JACENTKOVSKY D. 1936. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Raupenfliegen (Tachinariae, Diptera) Bulgariens. – Mitteil. aus dem Königl. Naturwis. Inst. in Sofia, 9: 109-134. JACENTKOVSKY D. 1937. Přísp•vek k studiu biologické obrany proti lesním škùdcùm. – Sborník vys. školy zem•d. v Brn•, D24: 54 p. NEDELKOV N. 1912. [Sixth contribution to the entomological fauna of Bulgaria]. - Revue Académie des Sciences de Bulgarie, 2: 177-218 (In Bulgarian) RICHTER V. 2004. Tachinidae. - In: Ler, P. (ed.). Key to the insects of Russian Far East. VI (3). Diptera and Siphonaptera. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, 148-398. TOMOV V. 1974. Zwei neue Dipterenparasiten (Dipt., Tachinidae) auf Larven von Diorhabda elongata Brullé und Agelastica alni alni L. (Col., Chrysomelidae). - Trav. sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Natura, 7(1): 106-107. Address of the author: Dr. Zdravko Hubenov Institute of Zoology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., BG-1000 Sofia, Bulgaria e-mail:
[email protected]
Tachinidae (Diptera) от Западните Родопи (България) Здравко ХУБЕНОВ (Р е з ю м е) В българската част на Западните Родопи са установени 122 вида от семейство Tachinidae, които спадат към 77 рода. Може да се приеме, че са намерени около 50% от видовете на този обширен район. Малкият брой на находищата, незначителните разлики в надморската им височина и широкото разпространение на тахинидите не позволяват да се правят изводи за вертикалното разпространение на видовете в планината. Тахинидната фауна се състои от 2 групи: 1) видове с медитерански тип на разпространение (11 вида - 9.0%) – по-топлолюбиви и разпространени предимно в южните части на Палеарктика, към които формално може да се отнесе един вид от южен тип, разпространен и извън Палеарктика; 2) видове с палеарктичен и евросибирски тип на разпространение (111 вида - 91.0%) – по-студенолюбиви и по-широко разпространени в Палеарктика, към които формално се отнасят и 10 вида от северен тип, разпространени и извън Палеарктика. Зоогеографският характер на тахинидната фауна се определя от втората група.
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Nematocera
699
Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Species of the families Anisopodidae, Hesperinidae and Ptychopteridae (Diptera: Nematocera) in the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
IVANKA POPOVA
Popova I. 2006. Species of the families Anisopodidae, Hesperinidae and Ptychopteridae (Diptera: Nematocera) in the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria). - In: Beron P. (ed). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 699-700. Abstract. Faunistic data about 3 species of the families Anisopodidae, Hesperinidae and Ptychopteridae in the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria) are given. One species is new to the fauna of Bulgaria. Key words: Diptera, Nematocera, Anisopodidae, Hesperinidae, Ptychopteridae, Rhodopes, Bulgaria.
Introduction Two species of the family Anisopodidae are reported in Bulgaria (NEDELKOV, 1912). A single European species of Hesperinidae - Hesperinus imbecillus, and 5 species of Ptychopteridae are known in the country (BECHEV, 1991). The present work gives faunistic data about 3 species of these families established in the Western Rhodopes. One species is new to the fauna of Bulgaria.
Faunistic list Anisopodidae Sylvicola cinctus (Fabricius, 1787) Material examined: Hrabrino, 450 m, UTM: LG05, 03.12.2004, 1 ‡; Zagrazhden, 1185 m, UTM: LG32, 08.06.1990, 1 ‡; Akademik Hut, 600 m, UTM: LG05,17.11.1990, 1 ‡. New record to the fauna of Bulgaria.
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I. POPOVA
Hesperinidae Hesperinus imbecillus (Loew, 1858) Material examined: Bachkovo, 500 m, UTM: LG24, 25.05.1993, 3 ††; Hrabrino, 500 m, UTM: LG05, 03.04.1990, 1 †; Zdravets Hut, 1185 m, UTM: LG04, 18.05.1981, 1 †; Zagrazhden, 1000 m, UTM: LG32, 08.06.1990, 1†, 20.05.1972, 2 ††. New record to the fauna of the Rhodopes. Ptychopteridae Ptychoptera (Ptychoptera) contaminata (Linnaeus, 1758) Material examined: Peshtera, 500 m, UTM: KG75, 21.04.1968, 1†; east of Yakoruda, 950 m, UTM: GM25, 30.05.1972, 1 †. New record to the fauna of the Rhodopes.
References BECHEV D. 1991. Ptychopteridae and Hesperinidae – new families to the Bulgarian fauna – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologie, 38(6): 31-32. NEDELKOV N. 1912. [Sixth contribution to the Entomological fauna of Bulgaria]. – Spisanie na BAN, 2: 177218. [In Bulgarian]. Author’s address: Ivanka POPOVA Department of Zoology University of Plovdiv 24 Tsar Assen Str, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria e-mail:
[email protected]
Видове от семейства Anisopodidae, Hesperinidae и Ptychopteridae (Diptera: Nematocera) от Западните Родопи (България) Иванка ПОПОВА (Р е з ю м е) В Западните Родопи са установени 3 вида двукрили от семействата Anisopodidae, Hesperinidae и Ptychopteridae. Видът Sylvicola cinctus се съобщава за първи път за фауната на България, а Hesperinus imbecillus и Ptychoptera contaminata са нови за фауната на Родопите.
Diptera
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Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae) of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
DIMITAR BECHEV
Bechev D. 2006. Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae) of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P. (ed) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 701-710. Abstract. This paper gives faunistic data about 91 species of fungus gnats established in the Western Rhodopes. Key words: Diptera, Sciaroidea, fungus gnats, Western Rhodopes, Bulgaria
Introduction The Western Rhodopes have not been studied in terms of fungus gnats by now. Of all 309 species known in Bulgaria (BECHEV, 2002; BECHEV, 2003; BECHEV, 2004) twenty eight were recorded in the investigated region. The present work gives faunistic data about all 91 species established in the Western Rhodopes. The following information about each of the species is presented: valid taxonomic name, UTM codes and names of the localities, date and number of specimens.
Faunistic list Bolitophilidae Bolitophila (Bolitophila) cinerea Meigen, 1818 LG01: Smolyanski Lakes, 27.05.1996, 1†. Bolitophila (B.) saundersii (Curtis, 1836) KG62: Shiroka Polyana Dam, 8.08.2000, 1 †; LG00: Smolyan, 26.05.1996, 1 †; LG03: Chudnite Mostove Hut, 8.09.1990, 1 †; LG04: Sitovo, 1.06.1981, 1 †; LG05: Akademik Hut, 17.11.1990, 1 †; Bryanovshtitsa Hut, 17.11.1990, 1 †; Dedevo, 27.05.2000, 1 †; LG25: Asenovgrad, 25.11.1990, 1 †.
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Bolitophila (B.) tenella Winnertz, 1863 BECHEV, 2001: KG62: Shiroka Polyana Dam, 8.08.2000, 1 †. Bolitophila (Cliopisa) pseudohybrida Landrock, 1912 LG03: Chudnite Mostove Hut, 8.10.1990, 1 †. Diadocidiidae Diadocidia (Adidocidia) valida Mik, 1874 KG53: Golyam Beglik Dam, 31.07.1988, 1 ‡. Diadocidia (Diadocidia) ferruginosa (Meigen.1830) KG80: Trigrad, 1.08.1988, 1 †; LG04: Lilkovo, 27.08.1990, 1 †; LG05: Hrabrino, 1.09.1989, 1 †; LG32: Zagrazhden, 8.06.1990, 1 †; Kormisosh, 11.07.1991, 1 †. Diadocidia (D.) spinosula Tollet, 1948 GM34: Krastava, 13.08.1991, 1 †; KG62: Shiroka Polyana Dam, 8.08.2000, 1†; KG80: Trigrad, 1.08.1988, 1 †; LG03: Chudnite Mostove Hut, 8.09.1990, 1 †; LG04: Lilkovo, 1.09.1989, 2 ††; Zdravets Hut, 10.06.2000, 1 †. Ditomyiidae Ditomyia fasciata (Meigen, 1818) LG32: Zagrazhden, 8.06.1990, 1 †; Kormisosh, 11.07.1991, 1 †. Keroplatidae Keroplatinae Orfeliini Antlemon (Antlemonopsis) brevimanum (Loew, 1871) GM34: Krastava, 27.08.1991, 1 †; 16.09.1991, 1 †; LG03: Persenk, 11.08.1996, 1 †; Chudnite Mostove Hut, 12.08.1996, 3 ††; LG04: Lilkovo, 27.08.1990, 1 †; Sitovo, 27.08.1990, 2 ††. Macrorrhyncha collarti (Tollet, 1955) BECHEV, 1992: LG04: Lilkovo, 27.08.1990, 2 ††. GM34: Krastava, 31.08.1992, 1 †. Orfelia fasciata (Meigen, 1804) GM34: Krastava, 25.07.1994, 1 †. Orfelia nemoralis (Meigen, 1818) LG24: Martsiganitsa Hut, 15.06.1993, 1 †.
Diptera
703
Orfelia tristis (Lundström, 1911) LG05: Hrabrino, 21.05.2000, 1 †; Dedevo, 27.05.2000, 1 †; LG25: Asenovgrad, 19.06.1992, 2 ††. Orfelia unicolor (Staeger, 1840) GM34: Krastava, 31.08.1991, 1 †; KG80: Trigrad, 1.08.1988, 1 †; LG02: Zabardo, 27.08.1996, 1 †; LG04: Sitovo, 27.08.1990, 1 †; Lilkovo, 27.08.1990, 3 ††. Platyura marginata Meigen, 1804 BECHEV, 1991: LG32: Zagrazhden, 8.06.1990, 9 ††. LG00: Smolyan, 26.05.1996, 1 †; LG04: Byala Cherkva, 24.06.2004, 1 ‡. Pyratula zonata (Zetterstedt, 1855) LG04: Zdravets Hut, 10.06.2000, 3 ††; LG05: Hrabrino, 21.05.2000, 2 ††; Izvor, 27.05.2000, 2 ††; LG11: Vievo, 29.06.1992, 1 †; LG15: Galabovo, 20.05.2000, 4 ††; LG24: Martsiganitsa Hut, 15.06.1993, 1 †; LG25: Asenovgrad, 11.05.1992, 1 †; LG32: Zagrazhden, 8.06.1990, 3 ††. Urytalpa ochracea (Meigen, 1818) BECHEV, 2001: LG04: Byala Cherkva, 26.06.1990, 1 †. Urytalpa rhapsodica Chandler, 1995 BECHEV, 2001: LG03: Persenk, 29.08.1991, 1 †. Macrocerinae Macrocera anglica Edwards, 1925 LG05: Hrabrino, 21.05.2000, 1 †; LG32: Kormisosh, 11.07.1991, 1 †. Macrocera centralis Meigen, 1818 GM34: Krastava, 2.08.1992, 1 †; LG03: Chudnite Mostove Hut, 18.08.1999, 1 †; LG05: Hrabrino, 9.05.1998, 1 †; 21.05.2000, 1 †; LG15: Kuklen, 20.05.2000, 1 †. Macrocera fasciata Meigen, 1804 GM34: Krastava, 8.08.1991, 1 †; LG04: Sitovo, 27.08.1999, 1 †; LG05: Hrabrino, 1.06.1981, 1 †; Izvor, 27.05.2000, 1†; Dedevo, 27.05.2000, 1 †; LG24: Bachkovo, 24.05.1993, 1 †; LG32: Kormisosh, 11.07.1991, 3 ††. Macrocera fastuosa Loew, 1869 LG05: Boykovo, 13.09.2000, 1 †; LG32: Kormisosh, 11.07.1991, 1 ‡. Macrocera inversa Loew, 1869 LG04: Zdravets Hut, 10.06.2000, 1 †.
704
D. BECHEV
Macrocera kerteszi Lundström, 1911 BECHEV, 1996b: LG05: Hrabrino, 6.06.1991, 1 †; LG25: Asenovgrad, 18.06.1992, 1 †. LG15: Kuklen, 20.06.1997, 1 †. Macrocera lutea Meigen, 1804 GM34: Krastava, 2.08.1992, 1 †; LG04: Sitovo, 27.08.1998, 2 ††; Zdravets Hut, 26.06.1999, 5 ††; LG05: Izvor, 27.05.2000, 1 †; Boykovo, 10.06.2000, 1 †; LG32: Kormisosh, 11.07.1991, 1 †. Macrocera nigricoxa Winnertz, 1863 LG32: Kormisosh, 11.07.1991, 1 †. Macrocera phalerata Meigen, 1818 LG02: Zabardo, 12.08.1996, 1 †; LG03: Chudnite Mostove Hut, 18.08.1999, 1 †; LG04: Lilkovo, 1.09.1989, 3 †, 1 f; LG05: Hrabrino, 1.09.1989, 1 †; 6.06.1991, 1 †; 21.05.2000, 1 †; Izvor, 27.05.2000, 2 ††; Boykovo, 15.08.2000, 2 ††; LG15: Kuklen, 20.05.2000, 1 †; Galabovo, 20.05.2000, 1 †; LG25: Asenovgrad, 19.06.1992, 6 †; LG32: Kormisosh, 11.07.1991, 1 ‡. Macrocera stigma Curtis, 1837 LG04: Zdravets Hut, 26.06.1999, 2 ††; LG05: Boykovo, 15.08.2000, 3 ††. Macrocera stigmoides Edwards, 1925 KG53: Golyam Beglik Dam, 31.07.1988, 1 †; LG03: Persenk, 7.08.1996, 1 †; LG04: Zdravets Hut, 26.06.1999, 1 †; LG15: Galabovo, 20.05.2000, 1 †; LG32: Zagrazhden, 8.06.1990, 1 †. Macrocera vittata Meigen, 1830 GM34: Krastava, 2.08.1992, 1 †; KG62: Shiroka Polyana Dam, 8.08.2000, 2 †; LG32: Zagrazhden, 10.06.1991, 1 †. Mycetophilidae Gnoristinae Apolephthisa subincana (Curtis, 1837) BECHEV, 1994: LG04: Zdravets Hut, 13.05.1981, 1 †; Sitovo, 1.06.1981, 1 ‡. Boletina anderschi (Stannius, 1831) LG05: Hrabrino, 5.04.1981, 20 ††; 19.04.1981, 3 ††, 6 ‡‡. Boletina lundstroemi Landrock, 1912 GM34: Krastava, 27.08.1991, 1 †. Boletina nigricoxa Staeger, 1840 LG05: Hrabrino, 5.04.1981, 1 †.
Diptera Boletina pallidula Edwards, 1925 GM34: Krastava, 2.08.1992, 2 ††. Boletina plana (Walker, 1856) BECHEV, 1994: LG04: Sitovo, 1.06.1981, 1†; LG05: Hrabrino, 1.06.1981, 1†. Boletina trivittata (Meigen, 1818) GM34: Krastava, 14.09.1991, 1 †; LG04: Zdravets Hut, 13.05.1981, 3 ††. Synapha fasciata Meigen, 1818 BECHEV, 1991: LG05: Hrabrino, 1.06.1981, 2 ††. LG24: Bachkovski Monastery, 31.07.1992, 1 †. Tetragoneura sylvatica (Curtis, 1837) GM34: Krastava, 27.08.1991, 1 †. Leiinae Docosia gilvipes (Walker, 1856) GM34: Krastava, 1.08.1992, 1 †. Docosia moravica Landrock, 1916 LG05: Hrabrino, 1.06.1981, 2 ††. Leia bimaculata (Meigen, 1804) GM34: Krastava, 27.08.1991, 1 †. Leia cylindrica (Winnertz, 1863) GM34: Krastava, 2.08.1992, 1 †. Leia picta Meigen, 1830 BECHEV, 1996a: GM34: Krastava, 2.08.1992, 1 †. Novakia scatopsiformis Strobl, 1893 GM34: Krastava, 27.08.1991, 2†. Rondaniella dimidiata (Meigen, 1804) GM34: Krastava, 21.07.1992, 1 †. Mycetophilinae Exechiini Allodiopsis rustica (Edwards, 1941) LG05: Hrabrino, 1.06.1981, 1 †.
705
706
D. BECHEV
Anatella ciliata Winnertz, 1863 LG04: Zdravets Hut, 13.05.1981, 1†. Brevicornu (Brevicornu) sericoma (Meigen, 1830) GM34: Krastava, 16.09.1991, 1 †. Cordyla brevicornis (Staeger, 1840) GM34: Krastava, 30.08.1991, 1 †. Cordyla fasciata Meigen, 1830 BECHEV, 1996a: GM34: Krastava, 27.08.1991, 1†. Cordyla fissa Edwards, 1925 BECHEV, 1996a: GM34: Krastava, 14.09.1991, 1 †. LG04: Lilkovo, 1.06.1981, 1 †. Cordyla nitidula Edwards, 1925 BECHEV, 1996a: GM34: Krastava, 30.08.1991, 2 ††. Exechia fulva Santos Abreu, 1920 GM34: Krastava, 8.08.1991, 1 †. Exechia fusca (Meigen, 1804) GM34: Krastava, 14.09.1991 1 †; LG04: Zdravets Hut, 15.05.1981, 1 †; LG25: Asenovgrad, 15.03.1991, 4 ††, 1 ‡. Exechia lundstroemi Landrock, 1923 LG03: Chudnite Mostove Hut, 30.08.1991, 7 ††. Exechiopsis (Exechiopsis) lackschewitziana (Stackelberg, 1948) BECHEV, 1996a: GM34: Krastava, 14.09.1991, 1 †. Exechiopsis (E.) vizzavonensis (Edwards, 1928) LG04: Lilkovo, 1.06.1981, 1 †. Tarnania fenestralis (Meigen, 1818) LG05: Bryanovshtitsa Hut, 18.11.1990, 1 †, 1 ‡. Mycetophilini Dynatosoma majus Landrock, 1912 LG04: Sitovo, 1.06.1981, 1 †. Epicypta torquata Matile, 1977 BECHEV, 1994: LG05: Hrabrino, 1.09.1989, 3†, 1‡.
Diptera
707
Mycetophila alea Laffoon, 1965 BECHEV, 1991: LG03: Chudnite Mostove Hut, 30.08.1991, 15 ††. GM34: Krastava, 14.08.1995, 5 ††; LG05: Boykovo, 14.08.1999, 1 †. Mycetophila blanda Winnertz, 1863 BECHEV, 1991: LG03: Chudnite Mostove Hut, 30.08.1991, 10 ††. GM34: Krastava, 21.07.1992, 2 ††; 2.08.1992, 1 †; 17.09.1991, 2 ††. Mycetophila caudata Staeger, 1840 BECHEV, 2001: LG05: Boykovo, 14.08.1999, 1 †. Mycetophila conf luens Dziedzicki, 1884 LG05: Boykovo, 14.08.1999, 3†. Mycetophila fungorum (De Geer, 1776) GM34: Krastava, 13.08.1991, 3 ††. Mycetophila luctuosa Meigen, 1830 BECHEV, 1991: KG94: Varhovrah Hut, 15.09.1991 5 ††. LG25: Asenovgrad, 20.03.1991, 1 †. Mycetophila marginata Winnertz, 1863 LG04: Zdravets Hut, 13.05.1981, 2 ††, 1 ‡; Sitovo, 1.06.1981, 3 ‡‡; Lilkovo, 1.06.1985, 1 †; Byala Cherkva, 27.10.1994, 1 †. Mycetophila ocellus Walker, 1848 BECHEV, 1991: LG04: Sitovo, 1.06.1981, 1 †. GM34: Krastava, 27.08.1991, 1 †. Mycetophila ornata Stephens, 1829 LG04: Sitovo, 1.06.1981, 2 ††. Mycetophila sigillata Dziedzicki, 1884 GM34: Krastava, 27.08.1991, 3 ††. Mycetophila signata Meigen, 1830 LG05: Boykovo, 14.08.1999, 1 †. Mycetophila spectabilis Winnertz, 1863 GM34: Krastava, 13.08.1991, 1 †. Platurocypta punctum (Stannius, 1831) GM34: Krastava, 16.09.1991, 2 ††, 1 ‡.
708
D. BECHEV
Sceptonia membranacea Edwards, 1925 BECHEV, 1994: LG03: Chudnite Mostove Hut, 7.10.1990, 1 †; LG05: Hrabrino, 1.06.1981, 3 ††. LG04: Lilkovo, 27.08.1990, 1†; LG05: Hrabrino, 5.07.1990, 17†. Trichonta clavigera Lundström, 1913 BECHEV, 1991: LG05: Hrabrino, 1.06.1981, 8 ††, 1 ‡. LG04: Zdravets Hut, 13.05.1981, 1 †. Trichonta subfusca Lundström, 1909 GM34: Krastava, 27.08.1991, 1 †; 16.09.1991, 2 ††; LG04: Sitovo, 1.06.1981, 1 †. Trichonta terminalis (Walker, 1856) LG03: Chudnite Mostove Hut, 15.04.1981, 1 †. Zygomyia pseudohumeralis Caspers, 1980 BECHEV, 1996a: LG05: Hrabrino, 1.06.1981, 3 ††. Zygomyia semifusca (Meigen, 1818) BECHEV, 1996a: GM34: Krastava, 14.09.1991, 2 ††. Zygomyia valida Winnertz, 1863 LG05: Hrabrino, 1.06.1981, 1 †. Mycomyinae Mycomya (Mycomya) cinerascens (Macquart, 1826) GM34: Krastava, 16.09.1991, 1 †. Mycomya (M.) marginata (Meigen, 1818) LG03: Chudnite Mostove Hut, 15.04.1981, 1 †; LG05: Hrabrino, 1.06.1981, 1 †. Mycomya (M.) prominens (Lundström, 1913) VÄISÄNEN, 1984: GM25: Yakoruda, 9.06.1969, 1 †. Sciophilinae Azana (Azana) anomala (Staeger, 1840) BECHEV, 1991: LG04: Zdravets Hut, 13.05.1981, 1 †. Monoclona rufilatera (Walker, 1837) LG05: Hrabrino, 1.06.1981, 1 ‡. Neuratelia nemoralis (Meigen, 1818) LG04: Zdravets Hut, 13.05.1981, 1 †, 1 ‡.
Diptera
709
Paratinia sciarina Mik, 1874 BECHEV, 1991: LG04: Zdravets Hut, 1.06.1981, 1 †. Polylepta guttiventris (Zetterstedt, 1852) GM34: Krastava, 27.08.1991, 1 ‡. Sciophila fenestella Curtis, 1837 BECHEV, 2001: LG15: Kuklen, 2.10.1999, 1 †. Speolepta leptogaster (Winnertz, 1863) HAZELTON, 1970: LG24: Ivanova Voda Cave.
References BECHEV D. 1991. New species Mycetophiloidea (Diptera) to the Bulgarian fauna. V. – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologie, 29(6): 27-30. (in Bulgarian) BECHEV D. 1992. On the type specimens of Macrocera nigricoxa Winnertz 1863 and Macrorrhyncha exempla (Plassmann 1978) (Insecta: Diptera: Mycetophiloidea). – Senckenbergiana biol., 72(4/6): 317-320. BECHEV D. 1994. New species Mycetophiloidea (Diptera) to the fauna of Bulgaria. VI. – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologie, Animalia, 30(6): 25-28. BECHEV D. 1996a. New species of fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaroidea, excluding Sciaridae) to the fauna of Bulgaria. VII. – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologie, Animalia, 32(6): 19-21. BECHEV D. 1996b. Macrocera kerteszi Lundström – a little known species (Diptera: Keroplatidae: Macrocerinae). – Folia ent. hung., 57: 77-78. BECHEV D. 2001. New species of fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaroidea, excluding Sciaridae) to the fauna of Bulgaria. VIII – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologie, Animalia, 37(6): 5-8. BECHEV D. 2002. Check list of the fungus gnats of the families Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae and Mycetophilidae in Bulgaria (Diptera: Nematicera) – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologie, Animalia, 38(6): 81-112. BECHEV D. 2003. Corrections and additions to the check list of the fungus gnats in Bulgaria (Diptera: Sciaroidea) – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologie, Animalia, 39(6): 97-99. BECHEV D. 2004. Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 735-739. HAZELTON M. 1970. Fauna from some caves in Bulgaria & one in Yugoslavia. – The Trans. Cave Res. Group of Gr. Britain, 12(1): 33-37. VÄISÄNEN R. 1984. A monograph of the genus Mycomya Rondani in the Holarctic region. – Acta Zoologica Fennica, 177: 1-346. Address of the author: Dimitar Bechev Department of Zoology University of Plovdiv 24, Tsar Assen Str. 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria e-mail:
[email protected]
710
D. BECHEV Гъбни комари (Diptera: Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae) от Западни Родопи (България) Димитър БЕЧЕВ (Р е з ю м е)
Западните Родопи са неизследвани по отношение на гъбните комари. От известните досега за България 309 вида (BECHEV, 2002; BECHEV, 2003; BECHEV, 2004) само 28 са съобщавани за този район. В настоящата работа се дават фаунистични данни за 91 вида, установени в Западни Родопи.
Chironomidae
711
Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Family Chironomidae (Diptera) from the Rhodopes Mountains
PARASKEVA MICHAILOVA
Michailova P. 2006. Family Chironomidae (Diptera) from the Rhodopes Mountains (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P. (ed) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 711-718. Abstract. This paper presents Chironomid species (Diptera: Chironomidae) collected in the Rhodopes (Bulgaria) in the period 1976-1979, 1981, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1996, 2002, 2004 and cytotaxonomically determined. The family consists of five subfamilies: Chironominae, Orthocladiinae, Diamesinae, Prodiamesinae and Tanypodinae, 23 genera and 51 species. For every species data are given on the collection localities, their altitude, time of material collection and some information about their larva habitat. Key words: Diptera, Chironomidae, cytotaxonomical, Rhodopes Mountains, Bulgaria
Introduction Some data about Chironomid fauna of the Rhodopes can be found in papers done by DIMITROV (1962a, b, 1963), RUSSEV (1964), RUSSEV, JANEVA (1975), JANEVA (1989) and JANEVA et al. (2001). In these papers the identification of the species has been performed at larva stage, which shows either great external morphological variability or no clearly distinct differences between the species. That’s why most of the species presented by the above authors are given as a group of species or larval forms. Today, cytotaxonomy has proved to be of greatest value in terms of taxonomic discrimination of morphologically similar (sibling) species, or of widespread and morphologically variable species (ARMITAGE et al., 1995). Thus the results of cytogenetic analysis of the salivary polytene chromosomes of the Chironomid species appeared to be particularly promising as taxonomic diagnostics when combined with the morphological characteristics of the separate development stages. Based on speciesspecific chromosome markers keys of Chironomid species have been performed (KEYL, 1960, 1961, 1962, KEYL, KEYL, 1959; MICHAILOVA, 1989; KIKNADZE et al., 1991, 1996; WÜLKER, 1999) and are used for identifying the species. The aim of this study is to present the Chironomid species found in the Rhodopes Mountains and cytotaxonomically determined. Their cytotaxonomical characteristics as well as data on their distribution in Bulgaria can be found in MICHAILOVA (1989).
712
P. MICHAILOVA Materials and methods
The material was collected during the following years: 1976-1979, 1981, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1996, 2002 and 2004 from different water sources in the Rhodopes Mountains (temporary pond, streams, river, fish pools, lakes and water dams). The nomenclature systems of ASHE (1983) for the subdivision of the family Chironomidae into subfamilies were used. The genera and species in every subfamily are given in alphabetical order. The species were cytotaxonomically identified following the approach, described by MICHAILOVA (1989). For every species data is given on the collection localities, their altitude in meters, and the period of collection, as well as the characteristics of its larva habitat.
List of species Subfamily Chironominae Chironomus acidophilus Keyl, 1959 Locality: Chepelare fish pool, 1100 m, 30.09.1976. Larvae occurred in sandy substrata. Chironomus bernensis Wülker et Klõtzli, 1973 Locality: Mesta River, near Kosharite area , 700 m, 9.09.1989. Larvae occurred in muddy substrata. Chironomus dorsalis Meigen, 1830 Locality: Chepelare fish pool, 1100 m, 13.07.1976, 8.05.1977, 19.06.1979. Larvae occurred in muddy substrata. Chironomus muratensis Ryser, Schõll, Wülker, 1983 Locality: Vacha River, near Devin Town, 760 m, 13.06.2002. Larvae occurred in muddy substrata. Chironomus piger Strenzke, 1956 Localities: Chepelare fish pool, 1100 m, 21. 07. 1977, Vacha River, near Devin Town, 760 m, 13. 06. 2002. Larvae occurred in muddy substrata. Chironomus plumosus L., 1758. Locality: Batak, ponds near Stara River, 1030 m, 10.07.1976. Larvae occurred in muddy substrata. Chironomus riparius Mg., 1804 Locality: Chepelare fish pool, 1100 m, 10.06.1977, Harmanliiska River, near Harmanli Town, 23.05.1986. Larvae occurred in muddy and sandy substrata.
Chironomidae
713
Cryptochironomus fridmanae (Tshernovskij, 1949) Locality: Chepelare fish pool, 1100 m, 9.05.1977, Smolyanski Lakes - Keranov Gyol, 1530 m, 2.06.1976, 12.07.1978. Larvae occurred in muddy substrata. Endochironomus albipennis (Meigen, 1830) Locality: Smolyanski Lakes - Matno Lake, 1580 m, 11.05.1977, 21.05.1979. Larvae occurred on the leaves of Typha latifolia. Endochironomus impar (Walker, 1856) Localities: Chairski Lakes - Sini Vir Lake, 1550 m, 24.05., 27.08., 9.09. 1976, Smolyanski Lakes – Matno Lake, 1580 m, 21.07.1977, Shiroka Poljana Dam, 7.05.1978. The larvae were miners in the Typha latifolia. Endochironomus tendens (Fabricius, 1794) Localities: Smolyanski Lakes - Keranov Gyol, 1530 m, 28.09.1976, 16.06.1988, Chepelare fish pool, 1100 m, 6.09.1982. The larvae were miners of leaves and stems of macrophytes. Glyptotendipes caulicola (Kieffer, 1913). Locality: Chairski Lakes - Sini Vir Lake, 1550 m, 20.06.1979. Larvae were miners in the leaves and stems of submerged plants. Glyptotendipes glaucus (Meigen, 1818) Localities: Chepelare fish pool, 1100 m, 6.09.1983, 7.10.1984, 4.08.1989, Chairski Lakes, 1550 m, 15.08.1996. Larvae were miners in the leaves and stems of submerged plants or were under the bark of submerged branches. Glyptotendipes gripekoveni Kieffer, 1913 Locality: Smolyanski Lakes, Keranov Gyol, 1530 m, 20. 06.1977. Larvae were miners in leaves of submerged plants. Kiefferulus tendipediformis Goethghebuer, 1922 Locality: Kardjali Dam, in the plait part of dam, near Kardjali, 30.07.2004. Larvae found on the floating branches. Micropsectra recurvata Goetghebuer, 1928 Locality: Chairski Lakes - Sini Vir Lake, 1550 m, 21.05.1976, Surnena River, near Zmeiza Village, 800 m, 13.05.1977, 18.06.1979. The larvae inhabited sandy substrata. Microtendipes gr. pedellus (De Geer, 1776) Locality: Vacha River, near Devin Town, 760 m, 13.06.2002. Larvae occurred on muddy substrata. Parachironomus parilis (Walker, 1856) Locality: Smolyanski Lakes - Matno Lake, 1580 m, 20.05.1977. Larvae were miners in leaves and stems of submerged macrophytes.
714
P. MICHAILOVA
Paratanytarsus lauterborni (Kieffer, 1909) Locality: Smolyanski Lakes - Keranov Gyol, 1530 m, 21.07.1977. Larvae inhabited sandy substrata. Pentapedilum exectum Kieffer, 1916 Localities: Smolyanski Lakes - Matno Lake, 1580 m., 1.09.1976, lake at Snezhanka Summit, 1750 m, 1.09.1976, 25.05.1978. Larvae were found on the stones. Pentapedilum sordens (Van der Wulp, 1974) Localitlies: Smolyanski Lakes - Matno Lake 1580 m, 16.06.1988, Chairski Lakes, - Sini Vir Lake, 1550 m, 21.07. 1977. Larvae were miners in water plants. Polypedilum aberrans Tshernovsij, 1949 Locality: Smolyanski Lakes - Keranov Gyol, 1530 m, 18.06.1988, 10.08.1989.Trigradska River, 9.06.1996. Larvae were found in the eutrophic waters.
Subfamily Orthocladiinae Acricotopus lucens (Zetterstedt, 1850) Localities: Smolyanski Lakes - Matno Lake 1580 m, 22.07.1977, Chairski Lakes – Sini Vir Lake, 1550 m, 4.07.1976. Larvae were found on aquatic vegetation. Cricotopus bicinctus (Meigen, 1818) Locality: Batak, ponds near Zigov chark area, 1030 m, 5.05.1978, Harmanliiska River, near Harmanli Town, 23.06.1986. Larvae occurred on aquatic vegetation. Cricotopus fuscus (Kieffer, 1909) Localities: Chepelare fish pool, 1100 m, 13.07.1976, Chairski Lakes - Sini Vir Lake, 1550 m, 12.06.1977, Chepelarska River, below Chepelare fish pool, 1100 m, 21.05.1977, Batak, small ponds near Batak Dam, 1030 m, 9.05., 13.07.1977. Larvae occurred on overgrown stones. Cricotopus ornatus (Meigen, 1818) Locality: Chairski Lakes – Sini Vir Lake, 1550 m, 25.06.1976, 11.05.1977. Larvae found on aquatic vegetation. Crirotopus pirifer Hirvenoja, 1973 Locality: Chepelare fish pool, 1100 m, 13.08.1976, 20.07.1977. Larvae found on aquatic vegetation. Cricotopus sylvestris (Fabricius, 1794) Localities: Chairski Lakes, - Sini Vir Lake, 1550 m, 24.08.1976, Chepelare fish pool, 1100 m, 27.07.1976, 21.07.1977, Harmanliiska River, near Harmanli Town, 23.06.1986. Larvae occurred on aquatic vegetation.
Chironomidae
715
Metriocnemus atratulus (Zetterstedt, 1850) Locality: Batak Dam, ponds in Zigov chark region , 1030 m, 8.05.1978. Larvae found on stones of temporary ponds. Orthocladius abiskoensis Edwards, 1937 Localities: Chepelare fish pool, 1100 m, 9.05.1978, Chepelarska River, near Chepelare town, 18.06.1979, Chepelarska River, near Hvoina Village, 21.05.1979, Chairski Lakes Sini Vir Lake, 1550 m, 18.06.1979. Larvae occurred on stones. Orthocladius bipunctellus (Zetterstedt, 1850) Localitoes: Batak Dam, 1030 m, 9.05.1978, Chepelare fish pool, 1100 m, 19.06.1979. Larvae were found in vegetation overgrowing walls of fish pool and Batak Dam. Orthocladius frigidus Zetterstedt, 1846 Localities: Chepelare fish pool, 1100 m, 18.06.1979, Chepelarska River, 1100 m, 26.05.1981, Jagodina Village, Podmolski stream, 800 m, 27.05.1981. Larvae occurred on stones. Orthocladius fuscimanus (Kieffer, 1908) Locality: Chaya River, near Bachkovski monastery, 1560 m, 18.06.1979. Larvae occurred on stones. Orthocladius olivaceus Kieffer, 1911 Localities: Chepelarska River, near Chepelare Town, 1100 m, 7.05.1977, Batak Dam, south part, 1030 m, 10.5.1978. Larvae occurred on stones. Orthocladius rubicundus (Meigen, 1818) Localities: Chepelarska River, 1100 m, 8.05..1977, Batak Dam, south part, 1030 m, 9.05. 1978. Larvae occurred on stones. Orthocladius. saxicola Kieffer, 1911 Localities: Batak Dam, small ponds near Dam, 1030 m., 7.05.1978, ponds around Bachkovski Monastery, 1560 m, 28.05.1981. Larvae occurred on overgrowing vegetation. Orthocladius thienemanni Kieffer, 1906 Locality: Chepelarska River, below fish pool in Chepelare Town, 1100 m, 9.05.1978. The larvae were found on stones. Paracladius converses (Walker, 1856) Locality: Surnena River, near Zmeiza Village, 800 m, 25.08.1977. Larvae occurred on sandy sediments. Paracladius inequalis Kieffer, 1926 Locality: Surnena River, near Zmeiza Village, 800 m, 26. 08.1977. Larvae occurred on stones.
716
P. MICHAILOVA
Psectrocladius dilatatus Van der Wulp, 1858 Locality: Dospat Dam, 1200 m, 13.05.1977, Surnena River, near Zmeiza Village, 800 m, 13.05.1977. Larvae occurred on aquatic vegetation. Psectrocladius delatoris Zelenzov, 1980 Localities: Chairski Lakes - Sini Vir Lake, 1550 m., 24.05.1976, Batak Dam, ponds in Zigov Chark region , 1030 m, 7. 05.1978. Larvae found on aquatic vegetation. Rheocricotopus effusus (Walker, 1856) Localities: Stara River, near Batak, 1030 m, 9.05.1977, lake at Snezhanka Summit, 1750 m., 24.08.1979, Smolyanski Lakes - Matno Lake, 1580 m, 10.05.1988. Larvae occurred on aquatic vegetation.
Subfamily Diamesinae Diamesa aberrata Lundbeck, 1898 Localities:temporary ponds near Kardjali Town, 19.05.1983, region Jagodina Village, 800 m - Podmolski stream, 17.05.1983. The larvae occurred on stones. Diamesa carpatica Boharius et Cindea – Cure, 1954 Localities: Karamanitsa region, 6 km from Chepelare Town, 1150 m, 17.05.1983 Trigradska River, 17.05.1983. Larvae occurred on stones. Diamesa insignipes Kieffer, 1908 Localities: Chepelere fish pool, 19.05.1977, Chepelarska River, 1100 m, near Chepelare Town, 25.05.1981, Nastan stream, near Devin Town, 26.06.1981, Trigradska River, 1200 m, 15.05.1977. Larvae occurred on stones. Diamesa thienemanni Kieffer, 1909 Localities: Chepelarska River, below Chepelare fish pool, 1100 m, 25.05.1981, Janchovska River, 1200 m, 17.05.1983. Larvae found on mossgrown stones. Pseudodiamesa branickii Nowickii, 1973 Localities: stream near Chepelare and Chepelarska River, near Chepelare fish pool, 1100 m, 25.05.1981. Larvae occurred in sandy substrata.
Subfamily Prodiamesinae Prodiamesa olivacea Meigen, 1818 Localities: Chepelare fish pool, 1100 m, 13.07.1976, 9.05.1977, 21.07.1977, Chairski Lakes - Sini Vir Lake, 1550 m, 11.05.1977, Batak Dam, south part, 1030 m, 20.06.1979, Vacha River, Devin Town, 760 m, 13.06.2002. Larvae occurred in sandy substrata.
Chironomidae
717
Prodiamesa bureshi Michailova, 1978 Locality: Chepelare fish pool, 1100 m, 13.09.1976, 9.05.1977, 21.07.1977. Larvae occurred in muddy substrata.
Subfamily Tanypodinae Anatopynia plumipes (Fries, 1823) Localities: Smolyanski Lakes - Keranov Gyol Lake, 1530 m, 20.07.1977, Chepelare fish pool, 1100 m, 20.07.1977. Larvae occurred in submerged vegetation. Procaldius choreus (Meigen, 1804) Localities: Chepelare, 1100 m, small ponds, 21. V.1977, Smolyanski Lakes - Keranov Gyol Lake, 1530 m, 10.06.1978. Larvae occurred in muddy substrata.
Conclusion As a result a total of 51 species, belonging to five subfamilies (Chironominae, Orthocladiinae, Diamesinae, Prodiamesinae and Tanypodinae), and 23 genera have been established cytotaxonomically in the Rhodopes Mountains. The subfamily Chironominae is the best represented with highest number of species (22 species), followed by the subfamily Orthocladiinae – with 20 species, subfamily Diamesinae - 5 species, subfamilies Prodiamesinae and Tanypodinae, each of them with 2 species. They represent about 45% of the cytotaxonomically known species in the country. The species: Glyptotendipes caulocola, Micropsectra recurvata, and Psectrocladius delatoris have been established up to now only in the Rhodopes Mountains.
Acknowledgements The author would like to thank Mr. K.Glushkov, Cave Museum - Chepelare, for the information on the altitude of localities.
References ASHE P. 1983. A catalogue of chironomid genera and subgenera of the world including synonyms (Diptera, Chironomidae). - Entomologica scandinavica, 17:1-68. ARMITAGE P., P. CRANSTON, L. PINDER. 1995. The Chironomidae: Biology and ecology of non-biting midges. Chapman & Hall: 1-573. BRUNDIN L. 1972. Phylogenetics and biogeography. – Syst. Zool., 21:69-79. DIMITROV M. 1962a. The Benthos in the “Batak” Dam. – Bulletin of the test station of Freshwater Pisciculture, Pl., 1: 59- 80. DIMITROV M. 1962b. The benthos in the “Stouden Kladenets” Dam. - Bulletin of the test station of Freshwater Pisciculture, Pl., 1: 81-94.
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DIMITROV M. 1963. Studies of Chironomid fauna (Larvae) in Bulgaria. - Bulletin of the test station of Freshwater Pisciculture, Pl., 2. JANEVA I. 1989. Changes in the saprobiological state of the Cerna river and their effect on the composition and structure of the benthic organisms. – Hydrobiology, 34: 20-29. JANEVA I., VIDINOVA J., TYUFEKCHIEVA V. 2001. Contemporary Saprobiological Charactersitics of Arda River in the Section of Future “Gorna Arda” Cascade. – Acta zool. bulgarica, 53(2): 37-46. KEYL H. 1960.Die Cytologische Diagnostik der Chironomiden.II. Diagnosen der Geschwisterarten Chironomus acidophilus sp.n. und Ch.uliginosus sp.n.- Arch. Hydrobiol., 57 (1/2):187-195. KEYL H. 1961. Die cytologische Diagnostik der Chironomiden.III. Diagnose von Chironomus parathummi n.sp. und Ergänzung zur Bestimmentabelle. – Arch. Hydrobiol., 58 (1):1-6. KEYL H. 1962. Chromosomenevolution bei Chironomus II. Chromosomenumbauten und phylogenetische Beziehungen der Arten. – Chromosoma, 13: 496-541. KEYL H., I. KEYL. 1959. Die cytologische Diagnostik der Chironomiden. Bestimmungstabelle für die Gattung Chironomus auf Grund der Speicheldrüsen-Chromosomen. - Arch. Hydrobiol, 56(1/2): 43-57. KIKNADZE I. I., A. SHILOVA, I. KEKRIS, N. SHOBANOV, N. ZELENZOV, L. GREBENIUK, A. ISTOMINA, V. PRASLOVA. 1991. Karyotypes and Morphology of Larvae in tribus Chironomini. Atlas. Novosibirsk (ed.) A. Ruvinski: 1-111. KIKNADZE I., A. ISTOMINA, L. GUNDERINA, T. SALOVA, K. AIMANOVA, D. SAVVINOV. 1996. Karyofond Chironomid Jakutii. Tribus Chironomini. Novosibirsk (ed.)A. Gruzdev, 1-162. MICHAILOVA P. 1989. The polytene chromosomes and their significance to the systematics of the family Chironomidae, Diptera.- Acta Zool. Fennica, 186: 1-107. RUSSEV B. 1964. Hydrobiologische Untersuchungen der Arda und einer Ihrer Nebenflüsse. – Bulletin de l’ Institut de Zoologie et Musée, 17: 5-48. RUSSEV B., I. JANEVA. 1975. Hydrofaunistische Erforschungen einer Rhodopischer Gewässer. - La Faune des Rhodopes. Matériaux, Académie Bulgare des Sciences, 11-39. WÜLKER W. 1999. Fennoscandian Chironomus species (Diptera, Chironomidae) – identified by karyotypes and compared with the Russian and Central European fauna. - Studia dipterologica, 6(2): 425-436.
Author’s address: Paraskeva Michailova Institute of Zoology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
Семейство Chironomidae (Diptera) oт Родопите (България) Параскева МИХАЙЛОВА (Р е з ю м е) Представени са видове от сем. Chironomidae, Diptera, събирани в българските Родопи през периода 1976-1979, 1981, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1996, 2002, 2004 и цитотаксономично детерминирани. Съобщават се общо 51 вида, принадлежащи към 23 рода от пет подсемейства: Chironominae, Orthocladiinae, Diamesinae, Prodiamesinae и Tanypodinae. За всеки вид има информация за местообитанието на ларвата, време и място на събрания материал и надморската височина.
Tabanidae
719
Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Tabanids (Tabanidae, Diptera) of the Bulgarian part of the Rhodopes
DIANA GANEVA
Ganeva D. 2006. Tabanids (Tabanidae, Diptera) of the Bulgarian part of the Rhodopes. – In: Beron P. (ed) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 719-728. Abstract. The original and published data suggest the existence of 43 tabanid species in the Rhodopes Mountain that represent 58.11% of the Bulgarian tabanid fauna. Ten of the species are common both for the Eastern (represented by 16 species) and the Western Rhodopes (represented by 37 species). This is the first time data regarding the tabanid fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes are reported. Furthermore, this is the first time that 9 new species are reported as part of the Rhodopes tabanid fauna: Tabanus bifarius Loew, T. briani Leclercq, T. exclusus Pandelle, T. maculicornis Zettestedt, T. regularis Jaennicke, T. shannonellus Krober, T. spodopterus ponticus Olsufjev, Moucha & Chvala, T. tinctus Walker, and Dasyrhamphis umbrinus (Meigen). Information about the precise localities, number and sex of the captured specimen, as well as the dates of their collection is presented regarding the 22 species. From zoogeographical point of view, the established species belong to the South European (24 species), the MediterraneanMiddle Asian (1 species), the Euro Siberian (12 species) and the forest-steppe (6 species) fauna complexes. Key words: Diptera, Tabanidae, fauna, Rhodopes, Bulgaria
Introduction Regarding the tabanid fauna, the Rhodopes Mountain appears to be an insufficiently and unevenly studied region. As of now, 74 tabanids have been encountered in Bulgaria (GANEVA, in press). The published data on the Rhodopes Mountain suggest the existence of 34 species originating from localities only in the Western Rhodopes. NEDYALKOV (1909, 1912) was the first one to publish data about 7 of the species in this region. Later on, DRENSKY (1929) reported 28 species, 23 of which were new for the fauna of the Rhodopes. New data about the tabanid fauna in the region was published by DRENOVSKY (1936), MOUCHA & CHVALA (1961) and GANEVA (1998, 2002). They have reported the following species, which are new for the Rhodopes fauna: Philipomyia aprica (Meigen, 1820) (DRENOVSKY, 1936), Tabanus autumnalis Linnaeus, 1761 (MOUCHA & CHVALA, 1961), Hybomitra micans (Loew, 1858) and Atylotus loewianus (Villeneuve, 1920) (GANEVA, 1998, 2002) and which add to the information about the composition of the tabanid complex. The predominating part
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of the available information dates back to the first part of last century and covers 18 localities in the Western Rhodopes. Up to this point, no complete fauna investigation of the tabanids in the Rhodopes Mountain has been performed. This article intends to update the data on the tabanid fauna of the Western Rhodopes and to initiate similar investigation in the Eastern Rhodopes.
Materials and methods The study was carried out in the period May-August 2005. The material was collected with an entomological net from 16 localities in the Eastern Rhodopes and 12 - in the Western. The captured species were processed in laboratory conditions. The species were identified according to CHVALA et al. (1972) and OLSUFJEV (1977). The sequence of the species arrangement was done according to the Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera (CHVALA, 1988). A list of the localities in both the Eastern and Western Rhodopes is presented. The localities are arranged in a sequence determined by the period in which the material was collected. The list states the altitude and the dates of collection. The serial number of the localities is given in the list of species in brackets []. Every species is presented in terms of its respective localities – according to the published and the new data, if available, its number and sex of the captured specimen and the date of its collection.
List of localities 1. Thracian rock niches in the Pchelen Kamak locality, in the region of Dolno Cherkovishte Village, 300 m, 30.05.05. 2. Mezek Village - the exurb zone, 236-300 m, 17.06.05, 18.060.05, 19.06.05. 3. Mezek Village – broad-leaved forest, 330 m, 17.06.05. 4. The forest over the Malko Gradishte Village, in the direction of Dabovetz Village, 347 m, 18.06.05. 5. Meadow along the way to the Gluhite Kamani locality, in the region of Malko Gradishte Village, 507 m, 18.06.05. 6. Broad-leaved forest on the left side of the road to Dabovetz Village, 467 m, 18.06.05. 7. Raykovski meadows, Pamporovo, 1630 m, 10.07.05, 11.07.05. 8. Chudnite Mostove locality, 1450 m, 11.07.05. 9. Ustovo quarter, town of Smolyan, on the way out to Bostina Village, 835 m, 12.07.05. 10. Panorama scientific base, the town of Smolyan, 1263 m, 16.07.05. 11. Shiroka Laka Village, 956 m, 16.07.05. 12. The town of Devin, 721 m, 16.07.05. 13. Nastan district, on the way out to Dospat, 682 m, 16.07.05. 14. Pamporovo, on the road fork to Levochevo Village, 1437 m, 17.07.05. 15. Sokolovtsi Village, 1010 m, 17.07.05. 16. Podvis Village, 767 m, 17.07.05.
Tabanidae
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17. Ravnishta Village, 689 m, 17.07.05. 18. Along the Arda river, near Gorna Arda cascade, 563 m, 17.07.05. 19. 7 km away from the town of Ardino, the way to Kardjali, 962 m, 17.07.05. 20. Kobilyane Village, 679 m, 17.07.05. 21. Malko Gradishte Village, 190 m, 4.08.05. 22. Pokrovan Village, 431 m, 4.08.05. 23. Oak wood in the region of Kamilski Dol Village, 395 m, 4.08.05. 24. Ivaylovgrad Dam, 6 km from the dam wall, 190 m, 4.08.05. 25. Ivaylovgrad Dam, near the dam wall, 160 m, 5.08.05. 26. Between the wall of Ivaylovgrad Dam and Kamilski Dol Village, 430 m, 5.08.05. 27. Kamilski Dol Village, 302 m, 5.08.05. 28. After Kamilski Dol Village, on the way to Dabovetz Village, 401 m, 5.08.05.
Results and discussion The investigation performed in the Eastern and Western Rhodopes resulted in the collection of 615 ‡ and 2 † specimens from 28 localities. Twenty-two species from 7 genera were determined: Silvius (1 species), Atylotus (2 species), Hybomitra (1 species), Tabanus (13 species), Haematopota (2 species), Dasyrhamphis (1 species) and Philipomyia (2 species). Ten of those species are present in both parts of the Rhodopes Mountain (Table 1). The data published, as well as the results from the study of the collected material led to ascertainment that the tabanid fauna of the Rhodopes Mountain is represented by 43 species belonging to 11 genera: Pangonius (1 species), Silvius (2 species), Nemorius (1 species), Chrysops (7 species), Atylotus (4 species), Therioplectes (1 species), Hybomitra (5 species), Tabanus (17 species), Haematopota (2 species), Dasyrhamphis (1 species) and Philipomyia (2 species). Ten of the species were common for both the faunas of the Eastern (represented by 16 species) and the Western (37 species) Rhodopes. Thirteen of the species, already registered as existing in the Rhodopes, were established during the current study. The tabanid fauna identified for the Rhodopes represents 58.11% of the species composition of tabanids known to exist in Bulgaria. Nine new species have been reported for the first time as part of the Rhodopes fauna: Tabanus bifarius Loew, 1858, T. briani Leclercq, 1962, T. exclusus Pandelle, 1883, T. maculicornis Zettestedt, 1842, T. regularis Jaennicke, 1866, T. shannonellus Krober, 1936, T. spodopterus ponticus Olsufjev, Moucha & Chvala, 1967, T. tinctus Walker, 1850 and Dasyrhamphis umbrinus (Meigen, 1820). T. maculicornis was registered in the Eastern and Western Rhodopes, T. briani and T. regularis – only in the Western Rhodopes, and the other 5 species - only in the Eastern Rhodopes. The Balkan endemic T. shannonellus which was reported for Bulgaria from Petrich, Strumeshnitsa, Varna, Sveti Vlas, Arkutino, Cape Maslen Nos (MOUCHA & CHVALA, 1961), Stara Zagora Region (GANEVA, 1998, 2002), Stara Planina (GANEVA, 2005) was also encountered in the Eastern Rhodopes. From zoogeographical point of view, the Rhodopes tabanid fauna belongs to the Euro Siberian, the forest-steppe, the South European and the Mediterranean-Middle
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T a b l e 1. Distribution of the tabanid species registered in the Eastern and Western Rhodopes (Bulgarian part) Species Silvius alpinus Atylotus fulvus Atylotus loewianus Hybomitra auripila * Tabanus bifarius * Tabanus briani Tabanus bromius Tabanus cordiger * Tabanus exclusus Tabanus glaucopis * Tabanus maculicornis Tabanus miki * Tabanus regularis * Tabanus shannonellus * Tabanus spodopterus ponticus Tabanus tergestinus * Tabanus tinctus Haematopota italica Haematopota pluvialis * Dasyrhamphis umbrinus Philipomyia aprica Philipomyia graeca Total : 22 species
Eastern Rhodopes
Western Rhodopes
2‡ 20 ‡
6‡ 1‡ 9‡ 1‡
76 ‡ + 2 † 6‡ 1‡ 30 ‡ 9‡ 7‡
6‡ 3‡ 23 ‡ 41 ‡ 1‡ 2‡ 2‡ 147 ‡ 376 ‡ + 2 †
1‡ 74 ‡ 3‡ 11 ‡ 15 ‡ 1‡ 1‡
67 ‡ 7‡ 15 ‡ 11 ‡ 16 ‡ 239 ‡
* new species in the fauna of the Rhodopes
Asian fauna complexes. According to the typification of OLSUFJEV (1977, 1980), the first two belong to the Boreurasian subregional type of fauna, whereas the second two to the Mediterranean. Twelve of the 43 tabanid species which were identified were Euro Siberian, 6 – forest-steppe, 24 – South European and 1 Mediterranean-Middle Asian. The data suggest that the species from the Mediterranean subregional fauna predominate (58.14 %); yet, quite a few Boreurasian elements were also encountered (41.86%).
List of species Tabanidae Pangoniinae Pangonius Latreille, 1802 Pangonius (Melanopangonius) haustellatus (Fabricius, 1781) Published data: Krichim (DRENSKY, 1929).
Tabanidae
723
Chrysopsinae Silvius Meigen, 1820 Silvius (Silvius) algirus Meigen, 1830 Published data: Krichim (DRENSKY,1929), Asenovgrad (MOUCHA & CHVALA, 1961). Silvius (Silvius) alpinus (Scopoli, 1763) Published data: Ladjene (Velingrad), Golyama Syutkya Summit (DRENSKY, 1929). New data: [9] 2 ‡, 12.07.05; [11] 3 ‡, 16.07.05; [16] 1 ‡, 17.07.05. Nemorius Rondani, 1856 Nemorius vitripennis (Meigen, 1820) Published data: Chehlovo, Ladjene (Velingrad) (DRENSKY, 1929). Chrysops Meigen, 1803 Chrysops (Chrysops) caecutiens (Linnaeus, 1758) Published data: Ladjene (Velingrad) (DRENSKY, 1929). Chrysops (Chrysops) ludens Loew, 1858 Published data: Chehlovo (DRENSKY, 1929). Chrysops (Chrysops) f lavipes Meigen, 1804 Published data: Chehlovo, 1500 m (DRENSKY, 1929) Chrysops (Chrysops) italicus Meigen, 1804 Published data: Ladjene (Velingrad) (DRENSKY, 1929). Chrysops (Chrysops) parallelogrammus Zeiller, 1842 Published data: Dospat (DRENSKY, 1929). Chrysops (Chrysops) relictus Meigen, 1820 Published data: Ladjene (Velingrad) (DRENSKY, 1929). Chrysops (Chrysops) viduatus (Fabricius, 1794) Published data: Rhodopes (NEDJALKOV, 1909). Tabaninae Atylotus Osten-Sacken, 1876 Atylotus fulvus (Meigen, 1804) Published data: Rhodopes (NEDJALKOV, 1912), Beglika (DRENSKY, 1929), Asenovgrad (MOUCHA & CHVALA, 1961). New data: [8] 1 ‡, 11.07.05; [22] 1 ‡, 4.08.05; [26] 1 ‡, 5.08.05. Atylotus latistriatus Brauer in Br.& Bergenstamm, 1880 Published data: Malka Syutkya Summit, 2076m (DRENSKY, 1929).
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Atylotus loewianus (Villeneuve, 1920) Published data: Batak Dam, 1 ‡, 25.08.01 (GANEVA, 2002). New data: [12] 1 ‡, 16.07.05; [16] 3 ‡, 17.07.5; [17] 3 ‡, 17.07.05; [18] 2 ‡, 17.07.05; [20] 1 ‡, 17.07.05; [22] 2 ‡, 4.08.05; [23] 4 ‡, 4.08.05; [24] 3 ‡, 4.08.05; [26] 2 ‡, 5.08.05; [27] 1 ‡, 5.08.05; [28], 7 ‡, 5.08.05. Atylotus rusticus (Linnaeus, 1767) Published data: Batak Plateau, 1100 m (DRENSKY, 1929). Therioplectes Zeller, 1842 Therioplectes gigas (Herbst, 1787) Published data: Batak (DRENSKY, 1929). Hybomitra Enderlein, 1922 Hybomitra aterrima (Meigen, 1820) Published data: Golyama Syutkya Summit, 2180 m, Dospat (DRENSKY, 1929), Shiroka Polyana Place, 1 ‡, 24.07.90 (GANEVA, 1998, 2000). Hybomitra auripila (Meigen, 1820) Published data: Rhodopes (NEDJALKOV, 1912); Golyama Syutkya Summit, Dospat (DRENSKY, 1929), Shiroka Polyana Place, 1 ‡, 24.07.90 (GANEVA, 1998, 2000). New data: [14] 1 ‡, 17.07.05. Hybomitra ciureai (Séguy, 1937) Published data: in the defile between Peshtera and Batak, Syutkya Summit (DRENSKY, 1929). Hybomitra micans (Meigen, 1804) Published data: Shiroka Polyana Place, 2 ‡, 25.07.90 (GANEVA, 1998, 2000). Hybomitra pilosa (Loew, 1858) Published data: above Asenova Krepost, Asenovgrad (NEDJALKOV, 1912), in the vicinities of Asenova Krepost and Bachkovsky Monastery (DRENSKY, 1929). Tabanus Linnaeus, 1758 Tabanus autumnalis Linnaeus, 1761 Published data: Sitovo, 1 ‡, 31.05.60 (MOUCHA & CHVALA, 1961). Tabanus bifarius Loew, 1858 New data: [1] 3 ‡, 30.05.05; [2] 3 ‡, 17.06.05; 18 ‡, 18.06.05; 5 ‡, 1 †, 19.06.05; [3] 22 ‡, 1 †, 17.06.05; [4] 9 ‡, 18.06.05; [5] 6 ‡, 18.06.05; [6] 10 ‡, 18.06.05. Tabanus briani Leclercq, 1962 New data: [18] 1 ‡, 17.07.05.
Tabanidae
725
Tabanus bromius Linnaeus, 1758 Published data: Peshtera, Batak (DRENSKY, 1929), Batak Dam, 4 ‡, 6.07.96 (GANEVA, 2002). New data: [8] 1 ‡, 11.07.05; [9] 21 ‡, 12.07.05; [11] 4 ‡, 16.07.05; [12] 8 ‡, 16.07.05; [14] 7 ‡, 17.07.05; [15] 21 ‡, 17.07.05; [16] 3 ‡, 17.07.05; [17] 7 ‡, 17.07.05; [18] 2 ‡, 17.07.05; [20] 4 ‡, 17.07.05; [23] 2 ‡, 4.08.05. Tabanus cordiger Meigen, 1820 Published data: Central Rhodopes (BURESCH, after DRENSKY, 1929). New data: [16] 2 ‡, 17.07.05; [17] 1 ‡, 17.07.05; [19] 1 ‡, 17.07.05. Tabanus eggeri Schiner, 1868 Published data: Batak, Peshtera, Beglika (DRENSKY, 1929), Bachkovo (OLSUFJEV et al., 1967). Tabanus exclusus Pandellé, 1883 New data: [20] 1 ‡, 17.07.05; [22] 2 ‡, 4.08.05; [23] 22 ‡, 4.08.05; [24] 3 ‡, 4.08.05; [26] 1 ‡, 5.08.05; [28] 1‡, 5.08.05. Tabanus glaucopis Meigen, 1820 Published data: Malka Syutkya Summit, 2076 m (DRENSKY, 1929), Batak Dam, 1 ‡, 6.07.96 (GANEVA, 2002). New data: [7] 1 ‡, 10.07.05, 1 ‡, 11.07.05; [9] 1 ‡, 12.07.05; [11] 2‡, 16.07.05; [14] 1 ‡, 17.07.05; [15] 4 ‡, 17.07.05; [16] 1 ‡, 17.07.05; [22] 2 ‡, 4.08.05; [28] 7 ‡, 5.08.05; Tabanus maculicornis Zetterstedt, 1842 New data: [4] 1 ‡, 18.06.05; [5] 2 ‡, 18.06.05; [9] 4 ‡, 12.07.05; [15] 5 ‡, 17.07.05; [16] 3 ‡, 17.07.05; [17] 1 ‡, 17.07.05; [18] 2 ‡, 17.07.05; [19] 3 ‡, 17.07.05; [20] 1 ‡, 17.07.05. Tabanus miki Brauer in Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1880 Published data: Chepelare, Dospat, Chehlovo, Krichim (DRENSKY, 1929). New data: [9] 1 ‡, 12.07.05. Tabanus quatuornotatus Meigen, 1820 Published data: Peshtera (NEDJALKOV, 1912; DRENSKY, 1929), Batak, Chepelare, Malka Syutkya Summit, 2076 m (DRENSKY, 1929), Asenovgrad, 1 ‡, 3.06.59, Peshtera, 2 ‡, 19.05.60, Rhodopes, 1215 m, 1 ‡, 19.06.60, (MOUCHA & CHVALA, 1961), Rhodopes, 1205 m (LECLERCQ, 1966). Tabanus regularis Jaennicke, 1866 New data: [18] 1 ‡, 17.07.05. Tabanus shannonellus Kröber, 1936 New data: [22] 5 ‡, 4.08.05; [26], 1 ‡, 5.08.05.
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Tabanus spodopterus Meigen, 1820 Published data: Chehlovo, Chepino [Velingrad] (DRENSKY, 1929), Selche (Ilchev, after DRENSKY, 1929). Tabanus spodopterus ponticus Olsufjev, Moucha & Chvála, 1967 New data: [25] 1 ‡, 5.08.05; [28] 2 ‡, 5.08.05. Tabanus tergestinus Egger, 1859 Published data: Chehlovo (DRENSKY, 1929), Asenovgrad, 1 ‡, 6.08.60 (MOUCHA & CHVÁLA, 1961). New data; [2] 1 ‡, 17.06.05; 1 ‡, 19.06.05; [3] 1 ‡, 17.06.05; [4] 2 ‡, 18.06.05; [5] 2 ‡, 18.06.05; [6] 3 ‡, 18.06.05; [9] 4 ‡, 12.07.05; [11] 1 ‡, 16.07.05; [12] 8 ‡, 16.07.05; [13] 6 ‡, 16.07.05; [15] 3 ‡, 17.07.05; [16] 9 ‡, 17.07.05; [17] 20 ‡, 17.07.05; [18] 16 ‡, 17.07.05; [20] 3 ‡, 17.07.05; [21] 1 ‡, 4.08.05; [23] 1 ‡, 4.08.05; [26] 3 ‡, 5.08.05; [28] 5 ‡, 5.08.05. Tabanus tinctus Walker, 1850 New data: [21] 1 ‡, 4.08.05; [23] 15 ‡, 4.08.05; [24] 7 ‡, 4.08.05; [25] 3 ‡, 5.08.05; [26] 8 ‡, 5.08.05; [28] 7 ‡, 5.08.05. Haematopota Meigen, 1803 Haematopota italica Meigen, 1804 Published data: above Bachkovsky Monastery, Peshtera (NEDJALKOV, 1909, 1912), Chehlovo, Ladjene [Velingrad] (DRENSKY, 1929). New data: [12] 1 ‡, 16.07.05; [13] 2 ‡, 16.07.05; [16] 2 ‡, 17.07.05; [17] 2 ‡, 17.07.05; [20] 1 ‡, 17.07.05. Haematopota pluvialis (Linnaeus, 1758) Published data: Rhodopes (NEDJALKOV, 1909). New data: [7] 1 ‡, 10.07.05; [13] 2 ‡, 16.07.05; [14] 12 ‡, 17.07.05. Dasyrhamphis Enderlein, 1922 Dasyrhamphis umbrinus (Meigen, 1820) New data: [1] 1 ‡, 30.05.05; [2] 1 ‡, 18.06.05. Philipomyia Olsufjev, 1964 Philipomyia aprica (Meigen, 1820) Published data: Chepelare (DRENOVSKY, 1936), Shiroka Polyana Place, 9 ‡, 24.07.90; 21 ‡, 25.07.90 (GANEVA, 1998, 2000). New data: [3] 1 ‡, 17.06.05; [6] 1 ‡, 18.06.05; [7] 2 ‡, 10.07.05; [10] 1 ‡, 16.07.05; [11] 7 ‡, 16.07.05; [15] 1 ‡, 17.07.05. Philipomyia graeca (Fabricius, 1794) Published data: Malka Syutkya Summit, 2075 m, Smolyan (= Pashmakli), Karamandja Ridge (DRENSKY, 1929).
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New data: [2] 8 ‡, 17.06.05; 37 ‡, 18.06.05; 21 ‡, 19.06.05; [3] 33 ‡, 17.06.05; [4] 10 ‡, 18.06.05; [5] 10 ‡, 18.06.05; [6] 28 ‡, 18.06.05; [7] 1 ‡, 10.07.05; [8] 4 ‡, 11.07.05; [9] 1 ‡, 12.07.05; [11] 2 ‡, 16.07.05; [12] 3 ‡, 16.07.05; [13] 1 ‡, 16.07.05; [14] 1 ‡, 17.07.05; [16] 1 ‡, 17.07.05; [17] 2 ‡, 17.07.05.
References CHVÁLA M. 1988. Family Tabanidae. - In: SOOS A., PAPP L., Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera, 5: 97-191, Budapest. CHVÁLA M., LYNEBORG L., MOUCHA J. 1972. The Horse Flies of Europe (Diptera, Tabanidae). Copenhagen, 500 p. DRENOVSKY A. 1936. A contribution to the insect fauna in Bulgaria and Macedonia. II. – Bull. Bulg. Ent. Soc., 9: 237-256. (In Bulgarian). DRENSKY P. 1929. Blood-sucking flies of fam. Tabanidae (obody) in Bulgaria. – Bull. Roy. Inst. Nat. Sc., Sofia, 2: 55-128. (In Bulgarian, German summary). GANEVA D. 1998. Fauna, phenology and activity of blood sucking tabanids (Tabanidae, Diptera) in Stara Zagora Region. Thes. Doct., 215 p. (In Bulgarian). GANEVA D. 2000. New data about the tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae) from Bulgaria. - Trav. Mus. Nat. d’Hist. Nat. “Gr. Antipa”, 42: 133-142. GANEVA D. 2002. New localities of tabanids (Tabanidae, Diptera) in Bulgaria.- In: Reports Sci. Conf. with Intern. Part. “Stara Zagora 2002”, June 6-7, 2002, 3: 41-44. (In Bulgarian, English summary). GANEVA D. 2005. The tabanids fauna (Tabanidae, Diptera) of Stara Planina (Bulgaria) I. – Balk. Sc. Conf.of Biology, 19-21 May 2005, Plovdiv. (in press). GANEVA D. (in press). Checklist of Tabanidae /Diptera/ from Bulgaria. – Acta zool. bulgarica. LECLERCQ M. 1966. Révision systématique et biogéographique des Tabanidae (Diptera) Paléarctiques. – Mém. Inst. Roy. Sc. Nat. Belg., 80 (d. série): 1-237. MOUCHA J., CHVÁLA M. 1961. A contribution to knowledge of the Tabanidae (Diptera) of Bulgaria. - Acta Faun. Ent. Mus. Nat. Prague, 7: 31-41. NEDJALKOV N. 1909. [Our entomological fauna]. – Archiv MNP, 1(3): 83-135 (In Bulgarian). NEDJALKOV N. 1912. [Sixth contribution to entomological fauna of Bulgaria]. - J. of BAS, 2: 177-218 (In Bulgarian). OLSUFJEV N. 1977. Tabanidae. - In: Fauna SSSR, 7(2): 1-434 (In Russian). OLSUFJEV N., MOUCHA J., CHVÁLA M. 1967. Zur Taxonomie und Verbreitung der europäischen und kleinasiatischen Arten der Tabanus bovinus – Gruppe (Diptera, Tabanidae). - Acta Ent. Bohem., 64: 303-313. OLSUFJEV N. 1980. Typification of tabanid fauna and zoogeographical regions in the territory of the USSR. – In: Contemporary problems of zoogeography: 81-115.
Author’s address: Diana Ganeva Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture Trakia University Student Campus 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria e-mail:
[email protected]
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D. GANEVA Табанидите (Tabanidae, Diptera) от българската част на Родопите Диана ГАНЕВА (Р е з ю м е)
Въз основа на оригинални и литературни данни са установени 43 вида табаниди за Родопите, които представляват 58,11% от видовия състав на табанидната фауна на България. Десет от видовете са общи за фауните на Източните (представени с 16 вида) и Западните (с 37 вида) Родопи. За първи път се съобщават данни за табанидната фауна на Източните Родопи. За първи път за фауната на Родопите се съобщават 9 нови вида: Tabanus bifarius Loew, T. briani Leclercq, T. exclusus Pandelle, T. maculicornis Zettestedt, T. regularis Jaennicke, T. shannonellus Krober, T. spodopterus ponticus Olsufjev, Moucha & Chvala, T. tinctus Walker и Dasyrhamphis umbrinus (Meigen). За 22 от видовете са посочени данни за находищата, брой и пол на уловените екземпляри и датите на уловите. В зоогеографско отношение установените видове са елементи от южноевропейския (24 вида), средиземноморско-средноазиатския (1 вид), евросибирския (12 вида) и лесостепния (6 вида) фаунистични комплекси.
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Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Faunistic review of some Nematocera families (Diptera) established in the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
VENELIN L. BESCHOVSKI
Beschovski V. 2006. Faunistic review of some Nematocera Families (Diptera) established in the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria) I. – In: Beron P. (ed) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 729-752. Abstract. A total of 124 species are established in the Western Rhodopes. These species belong to 7 families of Diptera: Limoniidae (41), Pediciidae (5), Tipulidae, (4), Culicidae (9), Simuliidae (27), Blepharoceridae (3), Cecidomyidae (35). In zoogeographical terms (table 1, 2), a predominant role among these Nematocera families have the European elements (43,57 %) (European + South and South-East European, Balkan and Bulgarian endemics), followed by Eurosiberian (12,91 %). The species with Euroasian ranges (Disjunctive Palaearctic + Eurosiberian + Euro-Centralasian, + Euro-Westasian + Euro-Eastmediterranean + Euro-Caucasian) are 33,92 % in total. The species with endemic status (Balkan and Bulgarian endemits) are well presented with 5,66 % (7 in number). Key words: Diptera, Limoniidae, Pedicidae, Tipulidae, Cecidomyidae, Culicidae, Simuliidae, Blepharoceridae, Bulgaria, zoogeography, еndemics.
Introduction Of all the 23 Nematocera families known from Bulgaria only 14 had been established in the Western Rhodopes Mountains by the end of 2004. Only 7 of them are subject of this publication: Limoniidae, Pedicidae, Tipulidae, Culicidae, Simuliidae, Blepharoceridae, and Cecidomyidae. The aim of this work is to present the contemporary diversity and distribution of the species of the mentioned Nematocera families in the Western Rhodopes, and on this basis to outline the role of the region in the conservation and formation of the dipterous fauna of Bulgaria and the Balkan Peninsula.
Material and methodical notes The species composition of the above mentioned 7 families is compiled from the published data about this region. The zoogeographical review was originally done on the basis of the contemporary knowledge on the geographic distribution of the species.
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The families included in the faunistic list are presented alphabetically. The subgenera are given in synonymy only if they are used by the cited authors. For each species the following information is given: • The used valid name and the name cited in the publication if it differs from the used valid name; • Localities with altitude in meters (m) above sea level if it is given in the original publication; • All bibliographic data concerning the localities in the Western Rhodopes; • For the zoogeographical classification is used the classic division of the Holarctic by Vereshchagin et al. (1964). However Palaearctic and Nearctic regions are treated as zoogeographical areas in the present paper. When some species is distributed in more than one region or subregion it’s group is designated by the name of the main territory occupied of the species range, or with combination of the name of main region and (or) subregions and territories of the species area. For the zoogeographical classification of the species in the text below is used the terms: “Eurowestasian group”- for the species distributed in Europe and: South West Asia and some part of Central Asia or West Siberia. • Eurocentralasian group is used only for the species established in Europe and Kazakhstan and (or) Mongolia. • Eurocaucasian - species established in Bulgaria or South-East Europe and Transcaucasus. Euromediterranean – species distributed in Europe and the Mediterranean Subregion, and chiefly North Africa. Euroeastmediterranean -species distributed in Asian part of Mediterranean Subregion (chiefly Iranotouranian Province). • As Balkan endemics are determined species established in Bulgaria and other Balkan countries. These species are marked in the text with an asterisk (*). • The Bulgarian endemics are marked with two asterisks (**). • The zoogeographical structure of the families is presented with the relative role of the established geographical groups in percentages (%). • Abreviations: Zoo. Char. - Zoogeographical Characteristic (classification). • Distr. - General geographic distribution of the species. Order Diptera Suborder Nematocera Limoniidae Austrolimnophila unica (Osten Sacken, 1869) Localities: Pamporovo Health Resort, 1300 m: MENDL (1986: 277). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Europe, Asia (Siberia, Far East, Japan). Nearctic Region. Dicranomyia caledonica Ådwards, 1926 Localities: Shiroka Luka Village: MENDL (1986: 281); KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989: 274) by MENDL (1986).
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Zoog. Char.: Eurosiberian. Distr.: Europe. Asia: Siberia, Russian Far East, Transcaucasus, Dicranomyia conchifera (Strobl, 1901) Localities: Shiroka Laka Village, 800 m: MENDL (1986: 281); KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989: 272): by MENDL (1986). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Germany, Austria, Italy, Switzerland, former Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, former Yugoslavia, Albania, Bulgaria, Greece. Dicranomyia longipennis (Schummel, 1829) Localities: Ladjane (= a part of Velingrad): KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989: 273). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic- Oriental. Distr.: Palaearctic: Europe and Asia; Oriental and Nearctic Regions. Dicranomyia mitis (Meigen, 1830) Localities: Zdravets Hut, Chernatitsa Ridge, 1200 m.: SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975: 952); Bachkovo Village: KRZEMINSKI (1984: 32), and by SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975); KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989: 273): by SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975), Zoog. Char.: Euromediterranean. Distr.: Europe; Asia (Transcaucasus, Turkmenistan); North Africa (Morocco, Algeria). Dicranomyia modesta (Meigen, 1818) Localities: Bachkovo Village: KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989: 273). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Europe, Asia; Nearctic Region. Elliptera omissa Schiner, 1863 Localities: Shiroka Laka Village, 800 m: MENDL (1986: 280). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. Eloeophila maculata (Meigen, 1804) Localities: Pamporovo Health Resort, 1300 m: MENDL (1986: 277). Zoog. Char.: Eurowestasian. Distr.: Europe; Asia (Transcaucasus, Kazakhstan, Turkey). Eloeophila verralli (Bergroth, 1912) Localities: Shiroka Laka Village, 800 m: MENDL (1986: 277). Zoog. Char.: Euromediterranean. Distr.: Europe, North Africa (Algeria). Erioptera fusculenata Edwards, 1938 Localities: Bachkovo Village, Yasna Polyana Village: KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989: 264). Zoog. Char.: Eurowestasian. Distr.: Europe; Asia (Transcaucasus, Turkmenistan). Erioptera lutea Meigen, 1804 Localities: Zdravets Hut, Chernatitsa Ridge, 1200 m: SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975: 952); KRZEMINSKI (1984: 29), and by SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975); Bachkovo Village: KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989: 264). Zoog. Char.: Eurowestasian. Distr.: Europe, West Asia.
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Euphylidorea lineola (Meigen, 1804) Phylidorea (Euphilidorea) lineola (Meigen,1804): localities: Zdravets Hut, 1200 m: SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975: 952); KRZEMINSKI (1984: 28): by SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975). Zoog. Char.: Euromediterranean. Distr.: Europe, Asia (Israel); North Africa (Morocco). Erioconopa symplectoides (Kuntze, 1914) Localities: Pamporovo Health Resort, 1300 m: MENDL (1986: 277). Zoog. Char.: Euromediterranean. Distr.: Asia (Georgia, Azerbaidzan, Turkey); North Africa (Morrocco). Idiocera pulchripennis (Loew, 1856) Localities: Velingrad (Ladjane): KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989: 271). Zoor. Char.: Euromediterranean. Asia (Transcaucasus, Middle Asia); North Africa; Canary Islands. Ilisia maculata (Meigen, 1804) Localities: Bachkovo Village: KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989: 266). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Estmediterranean. Distr.: Europe; Asia (Transcaucasus, Turkey, Israel, Iran). Limnophila schranki Oosterbroek, 1922 Limnophila punctata (Schrank, 1781): localities: Shiroka Laka Village, 800 m: MENDL (1986: 277); KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989: 261) by MENDL (1986). Zoo. Char.: Euro-Centralasian. Europe; Asia (Transcaucasus, Kazakhstan). Limonia f lavipes (Fabricius, 1787) Localities: Bachkovo Village: KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989: 275). Zoog. Char.: Euromediterranean. Distr.: Europe; Asia (Transcaucasus), North Africa (Morocco, Algeria). Limonia hercegovinae (Strobl, 1898) Localities: Zdravets Hut, Chernatitsa Ridge, 1200 m: SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975: 952); KRZEMINSKI (1984: 33) by SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Eastmediteranean. Distr.: Europe, Asia (Transcaucasus, Iran). Limonia macrostigma (Schummel, 1829) Localities: Beglika locality, 1500 m: MENDL (1986: 281); KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989: 276) by MENDL (1986). Zoog. Char. Palaearctic-Oriental. Distr.: Europe, Asia (Palaearctic part), Oriental Region (Pakistan). Limonia nubeculosa Meigen, 1804 Localities: Zdravets Hut, Chernatitsa Ridge, 1200 m: SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975: 952); KRZEMINSKI (1984: 33) and KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989: 276) by SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Palaearctic and Nearctic. Regions.
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Limonia pannonica (Kovarz, 1868) Localities: Zdravets Hut, Chernatitsa Ridge, 1200 m: SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975: 952); KRZEMINSKI (1984: 33) and KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989: 276) by SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: East Europe: Italy, Austria, former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Ukraine, Moldova. Albania, Bulgaria, Greece. Limonia phragmitidis (Schrank, 1781) Limonia tripunctata (Fabricius, 1782): localities: Bachkovo Village: KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989: 277). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Westasian. Distr.: Europe excuding Iberian Peninsula; Asia: Transcaucasus, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, West Siberia, Turkey, Israel. Limonia splendens (Kuntze, 1920) Limonia maculipennis: SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975: 952), nec MEIGEN (1818). Localities: Zdravets Hut, Chernatitsa Ridge, 1200 m: SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975: 952); Limonia (Limonia) maculipennis: KRZEMINSKI (1984: 33): by SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975); KZEMINSKI, STARY (1989: 276) by SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975: 952), Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Austria, former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, former Yugoslavia. Bulgaria, Greece, Limonia sylvicola (Schummel, 1829) Localities: Bachkovo: KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989: 277). Zoo. Char.: Eurosiberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia (Siberia}. Limonia taurica (Strobl, 1895) Localities: Zdravets Hut, Chernatitsa Ridge, 1200 m: SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975: 952); KRZEMINSKI (1984: 33) by SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe, Asia (Turkey). Limonia trivittata (Schummel, 1829) Localities: Chepelare: KRZEMINSKI (1984: 33). Zoog. Char.: Eurosiberian. Distr.: Europe, Asia (West Siberia, Far East, Kazakhstan, Traanscaucasus, Georgia, Kirgizstan, Uzbekistan. Metalimnobia bifasciata (Schrank, 1781) Limnobia xanthoptara (Meigen, 1804): localities: “Rhodopi”: NEDELKOV (1912: 181). Metalimnobia (Metalimnobia) bifasciata: KRZEMINSKI (1984: 33): by NEDELKOV (1912). Zoog. Char.: Eurosiberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia (Siberia, Far East, Mongolia, Georgia, Tadjikistan). Metalimnobia zetterstedti (Tjeder, 1968) Localities: Pamporovo Health Resort, Beglika locality, 1500 m: MENDL (1986: 281); KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989) by MENDL (1986). Zoog. Char.: Eurosiberian. Distr.: Europe, Asia (Siberia, Far East, Mongolia).
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Molophilus corniger De Maijere, 1920 Localities: Zdravets Hut, Chernatitsa, Ridge 1200 m: SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975: 952); KRZEMINSKI (1984: 31) and KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989: 276) by SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975). Zoog. Char.: European. Dstr.: Europe. **Molophilus directidens Stary, 1976 “Molophilus (M.) sp. (? directispinus Stary in litt)”: localities: Zdravets Hut, Chernatitsa Ridge, 1200 m: SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975: 952). Molophilus (Molophilus) directidens: KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989, 269) by SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975). Zoog. Char.: Bulgarian endemic. Distr.: Europe: Bulgaria: Rila, Pirin and the Rhodopes Mnts. **Molophilus lautereri Stary, 1974 Localities: Pamporovo Health Resort, 1300 m: MENDL (1986: 280); KRZEMINSKI (1984, 31) and KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989, 269) by MENDL (1986). Zoog. Char.: Bulgarian endemic. Distr.: Europe: Rila and the Rhodopes Mnts. *Molophilus obsoletus Lackschewitz, 1940 Localities: Pamporovo Health Resort, 1300 m: MENDL (1986: 280). Zoog. Char.: Southeast-European, Balkan endemic. Distr.: Europe: Bulgaria and Romania. Molophilus propinquus (Egger, 1863) Molophilus gladius De Meijere, 1920. Localities: Bachkovo: SZILADY (1934: 146). Molophilus (Molophilus) propinquus: localities: Zdravets Hut, Chernatitsa Ridge, 1200 m: SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975: 952); KRZEMINSKI (1984, 32) by SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975); Bachkovo: KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989, 270) and by SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975). Zoog. Char.: Eurosiberian. Distr.: Europe: Asia (Siberia, Far East, Transcaucasus, Turkey); North Africa (Morocco). Neolimnomyia nemoralis (Meigen, 1818) Piloria (Brachilimnophila) nemoralis: localities: Zdravets Hut, Chernatitsa Ridge, 1200 m: SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975: 952). Neolimnomyia (Brachilimnophila) nemoralis: KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989, 265) by SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975). Zoog. Char.: Eurosiberian. Distr.: Europe, Asia (Siberia, Far East, Transcaucasus, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Tadjikistan), North Africa (Morocco). ** Ormosia amicorum Savchenko et Tomov, 1975 Localities: Zdravets Hut, Chernatitsa Ridge, 1200 m: SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975: 948-952); KRZEMINSKI (1984: 30) and KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989: 265) by SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975). Zoog. Char.: Bulgarian endemic. Distr.: Europe: Bulgaria: the Rhodopes Mnts.
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735
Ormosia hederae (Curtis, 1835) Localities: Zdravets Hut, Chernatitsa Ridge, 1200 m: SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975, 952); KRZEMINSKI (1984, 30) and KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989, 266) by SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Westasian. Distr.: Europe; Asia (Georgia, Azerbaidjan, Pamir). **Phylidorea alexanderi (Stary, 1974) Philidorea (Philidorea) alexanderi: Localities: Zdravets Hut, Chernatitsa Ridge, 1200 m: SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975: 952); Pamporovo Health Resort, 1300 m: MENDL (1986: 277). KRZEMINSKI (1984, 28) and KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989, 266): by SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975) and MENDL (1986). Zoog. Char.: Bulgarian endemic. Distr.: Europe, Bulgaria. Phylidorea (Phylidorea) ferruginea (Meigen, 1818) Localities: Zdravets Hut, Chernatitza Ridge, 1200 m: SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975: 952); Pamporovo Health Resort, 1300 m: MENDL (1986: 277); KRZEMINSKI (1984, 28) and KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989, 266) by SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975) and MENDL (1986). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Westasian. Distr.: Europe, Asia (West Siberia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Transcaucasus, Middle Asia. *Scleroprocta balcanica Stary, 1976 Localities: Pamporovo Health Resort, 1300 m: MENDL (1986: 278); KRZEMINSKI (1984, 30) and KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989, 266): by MENDL (1986). Zoog. Char.: Balkan endemic. Distr.: Europe, Bulgaria and former Yugoslavia. Symplecta hibrida (Meigen, 1804) Localities: Zdravets Hut, Chernatitsa Ridge, 1200 m: SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975: 952). Symplecta (Symplecta) hibrida: localities: KRZEMINSKI (1984: 29) by SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975); Bachkovo Village: KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989: 263). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic-Oriental. Distr.: Europe; Asia, North Africa; Azore Islands; Nearctic Region; Oriental Region. Synplecta stictica (Meigen, 1818) Localities: Zdravets Hut, Chernatitsa Ridge 1200 m: SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975: 952). ? Symplectomorpha (Symplecta) stictica (Meigen, 1818): KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989: 263) by SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia (Transcaucasus, Middle Asia, Turkey, Israel, Iran, Afganistan). Nearctic Region. Zoogeographical structure of the West Rhodopean Limoniidae Family Limoniidae is presented in the Western Rhodopes with 18 genera and 41 species. On the geographic aspect they could be divided in 10 zoogeographical groups.
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1. Holarctic-Oriental – 2 species (4,88 %): 1. Dicarnomyia longipennis, 2. Symplecta hibrida. 2. Palaearctic-Oriental – 1 sp. (2,44 %): Limonia macrostigma. 3. Holarctic – 4 sp. (9,75 %): 1. Austrolimnophila unica, 2. Dicranomyia modesta , 3. Limonia nubeculosa, 4. Synplecta stictica. 4. Eurosiberian – 6 sp. (14,63 %):1. Dicranomyia caledonica, 2. Limonia trivittata, 3. Metalimnobia bifasciata, 4. M. zetterstedti, 5. Molophilus propinquus, 6. Neolimnomyia nemoralis. 5. Euro-Westasian – 6 sp. (14,63 %): 1. Eloeophila maculata, 2. Erioptera fusculenata, 3. E. lutea., 4. Limonia phragmitidis, 5. Ormosia hederae, 6. Phylidorea ferruginea. 6. Euro-Eastmediterranean – 2 sp. (4,88 %): 1. Ilisia maculata, 2. Limonia hercegovinae. 7. Euro-Centralasian – 1 sp. (2,44 %): Limnophila schranki. 8. European – 7 sp. (17,09 %) : 1. Dicranomyia conchifera, 2. Elliptera omissa , 3. Limonia pannonica, 4. L. splendens, 5. L. sylvicola , 6. L. taurica, 7. Molophilus corniger. 9. Euromediterranean – 6 sp. (14,63 %): 1. Dicarnomyia mitis , 2. Eloeophila verralli, 3. Euphylidorea lineola, 4. Erioconopa symplectoides, 5. Idiocera pulchripennis, 6. Limonia flavipes. 10. Balkan endemic – 2 sp. (4,88 %): 1. Molophilus obsoletus [South-East European] 2. Scleroprocta balcanica [Bulgaria and ex Yugoslavia]. 11. Bulgarian endemic – 4 sp. (9,75 %): 1. Molophilus directidens, 2. M. lautereri, 3. Ormosia amicorum, 4. Phylidorea alexanderi The Limoniidae species in this region are comparatively well studied from the known European dipterologist. A predominant significance in the family have the groups with Eurosiberian origin (total - 34,16 %), European (17,09 %), Eurowestasian (14,63 %), and Euro-Centralasian (2,44 %). Very interesting are the endemic species (14,63 %), 9,75 % from that are Bulgarian endemics. The next both species are local Rhodopean endemic: Molophilus directidens and Phylidorea alexanderi Pediciidae New family rank for Bulgaria, known as a subfamily Pediciinae Dicranota landrocki Czizek, 1931 Dicranomyia landrocki: Bachkovo: SZILADY (1934: 145). Dicranota (Paradicranota) landrocki: KRZEMINSKI (1984: 27-28): by SZILADY (1934). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Eastmediterranean. Distr.: Europe; Asia (Transcaucasus, Tadjikistan, Lebanon). *Pedicia spinifera Stary, 1974 Localities: Pamporovo Health Resort, 1300 m: MENDL (1986: 277); KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989: 256) by MENDL (1986). Zoog. Char.: South-Easteuropean. Distr.: Bulgaria, Romania. Tricyphona immaculata (Meigen, 1804) Localities: Zdravets Hut, Chernatitsa Ridge, 1200 m: SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975: 952); Pamporovo Health Resort, 1300 m: MENDL (1986: 277); KRZEMINSKI (1984: 27), and KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989, 256): by SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975) and MENDL (1986). The family is represented with 3 species belonging to 2 genera.
Nematocera
737
Zoog. Char.: European-Westasian. Distr.: Europe; Asia (West Siberia, Kazakhstan, Transcaucasus, Kirgizstan, Lebanon). Tricyphona schummeli Edwards, 1921 Localities: Zdravets Hut, Chernatitsa Ridge, 1200 m: SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975: 952); KRZEMINSKI (1984, 27) and KRZEMINSKI, STARY (1989, 256) by SAVCHENKO, TOMOV (1975). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. Ula mollissima Haliday, 1833 Localities: Zdravets Hut, Chernatitsa Ridge, 1200 m: Savchenko, Tomov (1975, 952); Krzeminski (1984, 28), Krzeminski, Stary (1989, 256) by Savchenko, Tomov (1975). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. Asia: Transcaucasus. Zoogeographical structure of the West Rhodopean Pediciidae There are no interesting data about the zoogeographical structure of this small group. 1. 2. 3. 4.
Euro-westasian – 1 species (20,00 %): Tricyphona immaculata. Euro-eastmediterranean – 1 sp. (20,00 %): Dicranota landrocki. European – 2 sp. (40,00 %): 1. Tricyphona schummeli, 2. Ula mollissima. South-Easteuropean – 1 sp. (20,00 %): Pedicia spinifera.
Tipulidae The first two species below are excluded from the Bulgarian fauna by OOSTERBROEK, THEOWALD (1992). Both species are included here below under question mark. Nephrotoma crocata (Linnaeus, 1758) ? Pachyrhina crocata L.: localities: Rhodopes: NEDELKOV (1912:185). Zoog. Char.: Eurosiberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Siberia. Nephrotoma pratensis (Linnaeus, 1758) ? Pachyrchina praatensis L.: localities: “Rhodopes”: NEDELKOV (1912: 183). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. Tipula affinis Schummel, 1833 Localities: Monastery of Bachkovski: NEDELKOV (1909: 121). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe (Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Triest, Rumania, former Yugoslavia, Moldova). Tipula lateralis Meigen, 1818 Localities: Rhodopes: NEDELKOV (1912: 182). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Eastmediterranean. Distr.: Europe; Middle Asia (Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel).
738
V.L. BESCHOVSKI Zoogeographical structure of the West Rhodopean Tipulidae
Family Tipulidae is poorely studied in Bulgaria and in the Rhodopes. Four species from two genera are established in this region only. Eurosiberian –1 sp. (25,00 %): Nephrotoma crocata ?. European – 2 sp. (50,00 %): 1. Nephrotoma pratensis ?, 2. Tipula affinis. Europe-Eastmediterranean – 1 sp. (25,00 %): Tipula lateralis. Culicidae [The author’s name Boshkov =Bozhkov= Božkov] Aedes geniculatus Oliver, 1791 Localities: Byala Cherkva Village: BOSHKOV (1974: 40-42. Aedes (Finlaya) geniculatus Oliver: BOSHKOV (1991: 163-166) by BOSHKOV (1974). Zoog. Char.: West-Palaeacrtic. Distr.: West Palaearctic (Excluding northern regions). Aedes caspius (Pallas, 1771) Aedes (Ochlerotatus) caspius. Localities: Velingrad: BOSHKOV (1974: 40-42); BOSHKOV, 1991, 121-127 by BOSHKOV, 1974). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia; N. America. Aedes pullatus (Coquilet, 1904) Aedes (Ochlerotatus) pullatus: Localities: Studenets Hut, 1735 m: BOSHKOV (1959: 113, BERON (1969: 124) by BOSHKOV (1959); BOSHKOV (1991: 153) by BOSHKOV (1959, 1966), and BERON (1969). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Disjunctive, chiefly in the mountain regions - Boreo-alpine. Anopheles claviger (Meigen, 1804) Anopheles bifurcatus (claviger) Linn.: localities: Distr. Smolyan and Eastern Rhodopes: PASPALEV (1951: 211-212): Vicinity of Gotse Delchev Town: BOSHKOV (1962, 221; 1991: 58-61) by BOSHKOV (1962). Zoog. Char.: West-Palaearctic. Distr.: Europe; N. Africa; Asia: Transcaucasus, For and Middle Asia, West Siberia. Anopheles maculipennis Meigen, 1818 Anopheles maculipennis Meig.: localities: Distr. Smolyan, Roudozem, Madan, Elhovets Village: PASPALEV (1951, 208-2, by map applied). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Westasian. Distr.: Europe (Excluding the Iberian Peninsula); Asia: West Siberia, Turkey, Iran. Anopheles superpictus Grassi, 1899 Anopheles superpictus Grassi: localities: mountainous streams running into Mesta and Arda Rivers, Eastern Rhodopes: SLIVENSKI (1935: 24-40; 1946: 37-73); BOSHKOV (1991: 74-78) by published data; District of Smolyan: Roudozem: PASPALEV (1951, 213-217) (to subgenus Myzomia).
Nematocera
739
Zoog. Char.: Palaearctic-Oriental. Distr.: West Palaearctic. Mediterranean Region, Bulgaria and Ukraine and Moldova; Oriental Region (India). Culex hortensis Ficalbi, 1889 Culex (Neoculex) hortensis Ficalbi: localities: Chernatitsa Ridge, 1200 m, between Karamandzha Summit and Byala Cherkva; Malkiya Kartal locality below Karamandzha Summit; Posta locality; vicinity of Persenk Hut; Chepelare – Erkupriya: BOSHKOV (1959: 115-116); BOSHKOV (1991: 182-185 by BOSHKOV (1959). Zoog. Char.: West Palaearctic. Distr.: Central and Southern regions of West Palaearctic. Culex territans Walker, 1856 Culex (Neoculex) apicalis auct. nec Adams, 1903: localities: District of Gotse Delchev: BOSHKOV (1962, 222); Culex (Neoculex) territans: BOSHKOV (1991: 180-182) by BOSHKOV (1962). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Europe; N. Africa, Asia. Culiseta annulata (Schrank, 1776) Theobaldia (T.) annulata Sch.: localities: Chepelare: BOSHKOV (1959: 112). Culiseta (Culiseta) annulata (Schrank): localities: District Gotse Delchev: BOSHKOV (1991: 97-100). Zoog. Char.: Palaearctic-Oriental. Distr.: Europe; North Africa; Asia: Irano-Touranian subregion; Oriental Region: Pakistan, North India. Zoogeographical structure of West Rhodopean Culicidae A total of 9 species are known from the Western Rhodopes, that could be divided into 4 zoogeographical groups: 1. Palaearctic-Oriental - 2 species (22,22 %): 1. Anopheles superpictus, 2. Culiseta annulata. 2. Holarctic - 3 sp. (33,33 %): 1. Aedes caspius, 2. Aedes pullatus, 3. Culex territans. 3. Westpalaearctic - 3 sp. (33,33 %): 1. Aedes geniculata, 2. Anopheles claviger, 3. Culex hortensis. 4. Euro-Westasiatic -1 sp, (11,11 %): Anopheles maculipennis This family is well studied because of the medical importance of some species. Most of them, belonging to the Holarctic and Palaearctic groups, are widely distributed in the Palaearctic region. Simuliidae Cleitosimulium argenteostriatum (Strobl, 1898) Simulium argenteostriatum Strobl: localities: Dospat River above Dospat, and Krichimska River before Vucha River.: KOVATSCHEV (1975: 207). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Spain, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Austria, Romania, former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Ukraine; Asia: Transcaucasus.
740
V.L. BESCHOVSKI
Cnetha brevidens (Rubzov, 1956) Eusimulus brevidens Rubzov: localities: streams near Batak Dam Lake: KOVATSCHEV (1975: 206). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe: France, Italy, Germany, Austria, former Czechoslovakia, Poland, former Yugoslavia, Romania, Bulgaria, Ukraine; Asia: Transcaucasus, Cnetha carpathica (Knoz, 1961) Eusimulus carpathicum Knoz: localities: streams near Toshkov Chark Dam Lake: KOVATSCHEV (1975: 206). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe: Spain, France, Germany, Italy, Austria, former Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria. Cnetha carthusiensis (Grenier et Dorier, 1958) Eusimulium carthusiense (Grenier et Dorier): localities: In the vicinity of Smolyanski Lakes and near Batak Dam Lake: KOVATSCHEV (1975: 206). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe: Spain, France, Germany, Italy, Austria, former Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria. Cnetha codreanui (Serban, 1958 ) Eusimulium codreanui Serban: localities: Cherna River above Smolyan: KOVATSCHEV (1975: 206). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe: former Czechoslovakia, former Yugoslavia, Poland, Romania. Cnetha couverti (Rubzov, 1964) Eusimulium couverti Rubzov: localities: in stream above Smolyanski Lakes: KOVATSCHEV (1975: 206). Zoog. Char.: South European. Distr.: Italy, Bulgaria. Cnetha cryophila (Rubzov, 1959) Eusimulium cryophilum Rubzov: localities: in the streams near Batak Dam Lake, Toshkov Chark locality, in the rivers Beglishka and Zaburdovska: KOVATSCHEV (1975: 206). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Mediterranean. Distr.: Europe: North Africa: Morocco, Algeria. Cnetha latipes (Meigen, 1804) Eusimulium verna (Macquart, 1826) (erroneosly E. vernum): localities: streams near Batak Dam Lake; Ossina Village, Trigradska River near Village of Trigrad: KOVATSCHEV (1975: 205-206). Zoog. Char.: Eurosiberian. Distr.: Europe: European part of Russia; Ukraine, Asia: Transcaucasus, Kazakhstan, Siberia, China. Cneta meigeni (Rubzov et Carlsson, 1965) Eusimulium pygmaeum (Zetterstedt): localities: feeder of Stara Reka River near Batak Town: KOVATSCHEV (1975: 206). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe: France, Germany, Great Britain, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Belarus. Romania, Bulgaria.
Nematocera
741
Eusimulium aureum (Fries, 1824) Localities: stream near Batak Dam Lake: KOVATSCHEV (1975: 206). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Europe: Asia: Transcaucasus, West Siberia; Nearctic (USA). Nevermania angustitarsis (Lundstroem, 1911) Eusimulium angustitarse (Lundstroem): localities: Streams near Batak Dam Lake: KOVATSCHEV (1975: 206). Zoog. Char.: Eurosiberian. Distr.: Europe: Asia: Russia, Siberia. Nevermania latigonia (Rubzov, 1956) Eusimulium latigonium Rubzov: localities: Streams near “Batak” Dam Lake: KOVATSCHEV (1975: 206). Zoog. Char.: East European. Distr.: Europe: Belarus, European part of Russia; Ukraine, Bulgaria. Odagmia ornata (Meigen, 1818) Localities: widespread in the Rhodopes: KOVATSCHEV (1975: 206-207). Zoog. Char.: Eurosiberian. Distr.: Europe: European part of Russia, Bulgaria. Asia: Kazakhstan, Siberia. Odagmia spinosa (Doby et Deblock, 1957) Localities: streams near Batak Dam Lake, and Zaburdovska River: KOVATSCHEV (1975: 207). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe: Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Austria, former Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria. Odagmia caucasica (Rubzov, 1940) Localities: streams near Batak Dam Lake; a river near Stouden Kladenets Dam Lake: KOVATSCHEV (1975: 207). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe: former Czechoslovakia, Romania, European part of Russia, Bulgaria; Asia: Transcaucasus, Turkey. Odagmia variegata (Meigen, 1818) Localities: streames in the valley of Arda, Vucha and Stara Reka Rivers: KOVATSCHEV (1975: 207). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Transcaucasus. Odagmia argyreata (Meigen, 1838) Odagmia obreptans (Edwards, 1920): localities: Widespread in the Rhodopes: KOVATSCHEV (1975: 207). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe: Great Britain, France, Germany, Finland, Poland, Italy, Czechoslovakia, Sweden. Paragnus bukovskii (Rubzov, 1940) Gnus bukovski (Rubzov, 1940): localities: Trigradska River near Trigrad Village: KOVATSCHEV (1975: 206).
742
V.L. BESCHOVSKI
Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: former Czechoslovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Ukraine. Asia: Transcaucasus. Paragnus degrangei (Dorier et Grenier, 1959) Gnus degrangei (Grenier et Dorier, 1959): localities: Arda River near Roudozem Town: KOVATSCHEV (1975: 206). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: France, Italy, former Czechoslovakia, Romania, former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria. Prosimulium conistylum Rubzov, 1961. Localities: Shiroka Luka River, near Shiroka Luka Village: KOVATSCHEV (1975: 205). Zoog. Char.: South-East European. Distr.: Ukraine (Crimea), Bulgaria. Prosimulium hirtipes (Fries, 1824) Localities: Above Toshkov Chark Dam Lake and near Batak Dam Lake: KOVATSCHEV (1975: 205). Zoog. Char.: Disjunctive-Palaearctic. Distr.: Europe. Asia: Transcaucasus, East Siberia, Japan. Prosimulium tomosvaryi (Enderlein, 1921) Prosimulium nigripes (Enderlein, 1925): localities: streams near Smolyanski Lakes: KOVATSCHEV (1975: 205). Zoog. Char.: Disjunctive-Palaearctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Transcaucasus, East Siberia. Simulium noelleri Friedrichs, 1920 Simulium argyreatum (Meigen, 1838): localities: district of Smolyanski Lakes: Mezinsko Blato, and other swamps: KOVATSCHEV (1975: 207). Zoog. Char.: Eurosiberian. Distr.: Europe: Russian Part of Europe: Bulgaria; Asia: Siberia. Simulium morsitans Edwards, 1915 Localities: Varbitsa River below Podkova Village; Devinska River near Devin: KOVATSCHEV (1975: 207). Zoog. Char.: Eurosiberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Kazakhstan, East Siberia, Far East. Tetisimulium kondici (Baranov, 1926) Tetisimulium condici (Baranov): localities: streams below Prevala Locality near Batak Dam Lake, Zaburdovska River: KOVATSCHEV (1975: 207). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe: former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine. Asia: Turkey. Tetisimulium crinitum (Rubzov, 1956) Localities: in the valley of Stara Reka River; Shirokolushka River near Shiroka Luka Village: KOVATSCHEV (1975: 207). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe: Bulgaria; Asia: Transcaucasus.
Nematocera
743
Wilhelmia lineata (Meigen, 1804) Localities: Vucha River near Yoakim Gruevo Village, and a river near Studen Kladenets Dam. V: KOVATSCHEV (1975: 206). Zoog. Char.: Disjunctive-Palaearctic. Distr.: Europe: Belarus, European Part of Russia, Ukraine, Bulgaria; Asia: Transcaucasus, Kazakhstan, Japan. Zoogeographical structurå of Simuliidae All 27 Simuliidae species belong to 10 genera. Two of the species are interesting for their distribution: Cnetha couverti, known at the time being from Italy and Bulgaria (the Rhodopes), and Cnetha cryophila - a widely distributed species but in Bulgaria it is known only from the Rhodopes. In the zoogeographical structure European elements have the predominant role – 55,56 %. 1. Holarctic – 1 species (3,70 %): Eusimulium aureum. 2. Disjunctive-Palaearctic – 3 sp. (11,11 %): 1. Prosimulium hirtipes, 2. P. tomosvaryi, 3. Wilhelmia lineata. 3. Eurosiberian – 5 sp. (18,52 %): 1. Cnetha latipes, 2. Nevermania angustitarsis , 3. Odagmia ornata , 4. Simulium morsiitans, 5. Simulium noelleri 4. Euro-Mediterranean – 1 sp. (3,70 %): Cnetha cryophila. 5. European – 15 sp. (55,56 %): 1. Cleitosimulium argenteostriatum, 2. Cnetha brevidens , 3. C. carpathica, 4. C. carthusiensis, 5. C. codreanui, 6. C. couverti, 7. C. meigeni, 8. Odagmia argyreata, 9. O. caucasica, 10. O. spinosa, 11. O. variegata, 12. Paragnus bukovskii , 13. P. degrangei, 14. Tetisimulium kondici, 15. T. crinitum 6. South-Easteuropean – 1 sp. (3,70 %): Prosimulium conistylum. 7. East European – 1 (3,70 %): Nevermania latigonia. Blepharoceridae Liponeura cinerascens jugoslavica Komarek et Vimmer, 1934 Liponeura cinerascens komareki Bischov, 1925: localities: “Rhodopes Mts (spring stream of River Maritza”: ZWICK (1992: 47). Zoog. Char.: South-East European. Distr.: Europe: Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, former Yugoslavia. Liponeura cordata Vimmer, 1916 Localities: Chepelare. (Type locality): VIMMER (1916: 12-14, 17): Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe: France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Austria, former Czechoslovakia, Poland, former Yugoslavia, Albania, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece. Blepharocera fasciatas (Westwood, 1842) Localities: Arda River, near Roudozem: ROUSSEV (1964: 24, 30). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Eastmediterranean. Distr.: Europe; Asia (Turkey, Iran, Lebanon).
744
V.L. BESCHOVSKI Zoogeographical structure of Blepharoceridae
There are no contemporary investigations on this group. In the region it is represented by 3 European species. 1. Euro-Eastmediterranean – 1 species (33,33 %): Blepharocera fasciata. 2. European – 1 sp. (33,33 %): Liponeura cordata. 3. South Easteuropean – 1 (33,33 %) : Liponeura cinerascens jugoslavica. Cecidomyiidae Asphordylia hornigi Wachtl, 1880 Gisonabasis hornigi Wachtl: localities: Bachkovski Monastery: NAIDENOV (1962: 146). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe: Austria, Hungary, former Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Central Part of Russia. Dasyneura pyri (Bouche, 1847) Localities: District of Asenovgrad, Peshtera Town: KOLEKTIV (1956: 64); Peshtera, Bratsigovo: HARIZANOV (1964: 36-37). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. [North America and New Zealand (introduced)]. Bayeria capitigena (Bremi, 1847) Bayeria capitigena: localities: below Ruen Summit: NAIDENOV (1962: 159); Dagonovo Village near Belitsa, 900 m: SKUHRAVA et al. (1991: 9-10). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. Bayeria thymicola (Kieffer, 1888) Localities: Dagonovo Village, 900 m: SKUHRAVA et al. (1991: 10). Zoog. Char.: Euromediterranean Distr.: Europe; North Africa. Contarinia hypochoeridis (Rubsaamen, 1891) Localities: Dagonovo Village, 900 m: SKUHRAVA et al. (1991: 10). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe: Great Britain, Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, Germany, former Czechoslovakia, Latvia, Poland, Contarinia nasturtii (Kieffer, 1888) Localities: Dagonovo Village, 900 m: SKUHRAVA et al. (1991: 11). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Turkey. Craneiobia corni (Giraud, 1863) Localities: Vicinity of Asenovgrad: NAIDENOV (1962: 150). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. Dasyneura asperulae (F. Loew, 1875) Localities: Dagonovo Village, near Belitsa, 900 m: SKUHRAVA et al. (1991: 12).
Nematocera
745
Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe: Portugal, France, Germany, Austria, Hungary, former Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, former Yugoslavia. Dasyneura crataegi Winnertz, 1853 Cecidomyia crategi: localities: Asenovgrad: MALKOV (1904: 216); “Above Batak”: Naidenov (1962:153-154). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. Dasyneura medicaginis (Bremi, 1847) Localities: Dagonovo Village, 900 m: SKUHRAVA et al. (1991: 13). Zoog. Char.: Eurosiberian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: West Siberia. (Palaearctic by origin and secondary-Nearctic). Dasyneura papaveris (Winnertz, 1853) Localities: Assenova Krepost, near Asenovgrad Town: NAIDENOV (1962: 156). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Eastmediterranean. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Israel. Dasyneura sisymbrii (Schrank, 1803) Localities: Dagonovo Village, 900 m: SKUHRAVA et al. (1991: 14). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr,: Europe. Dasyneura subpatula (Bremi, 1847) Localities: below Ruen Summit: NAIDENOV (1962, 157). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Eastmediterranean. Distr.: Europe; N. Africa: Libya. Dasyneura terminalis (H. Loew, 1850) Localities: Dagonovo Village, 900 m: SKUHRAVA et al. (1991: 15). Zoog. Char.: Eurosiberian. Distr.: Europe: Asia: Kazakhstan, Russian Far East; Japan. Dasyneura tortrix (F. Loew, 1877) Localities: Dagonovo Village, 900 m: SKUHRAVA et al. (1991: 15). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe (excl. the Iberian Peninsula and France). Dasyneura trifolii (F. Loew, 1877) Localities: Dagonovo Village, 900 m: SKUHRAVA et al. (1991: 15). Zoog. Char.: West Palaearctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: West Siberia; North Africa: Algeria; Nearctic (secondary). Dasyneura viciae (Kieffer, 1888) Localities: Dagonovo Village, 900 m: SKUHRAVA et al. (1991: 15). Zoog. Char.: Disjunctive Palaearctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: West Siberia; Japan, Didymomyia tiliacea (Bremi, 18478) Didymomyia reaumuriana Loew, 1878: localities: Asenovgrad. NAIDENOV (1962: 149). Zoog. Char.: Disjunctive Palaearctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Transcaucasus, Far East.
746
V.L. BESCHOVSKI
Harmandia cavernosa (Rubsaamen 1899) Localities: Byala Cherkva Village: NAIDENOV (1962: 144). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Centralasian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Kazakhstan. Harmandia tremulae (Winnertz, 1853) Harmandia loewi (Rubsaamen, 1892): localities: below Ruen Summit: NAIDENOV (1962, 144). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Centralasian. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Kazakhstan. Hartigiola annulipes (Hartig, 1839) Localites: Byala Cherkva Village, Batak Dam Lake, Beglica locality, Pamporovo health resort: NAIDENOV (1962, 151). Zoog. Char.: Disjunctive-Palaearctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Transcaucasus, Turkey, Japan. Janetia cerris (Kollar, 1844) Arnoldia cerris Kollar: localities: below Ruen Summit: NAIDENOV (1962: 159). Zoog. Char.: Disjunctive Palaearctic. Distr.: Europe: Italy, Austria, Hungary, former Czechoslovakia, Netherlands, Romania, former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Greece. Asia: Turkey, Japan. Janetiella lemeei Kieffer, 1904 Localities: Distr. Plovdiv: Assenova Krepost: NAIDENOV (1962, 150). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Turkey. Kaltenbachiola strobi (Winnertz, 1853) Cecidomyia srobi Winnertz: localities: Chehlyovo, Beglika Locality: CHORBADZHIEV (1928: 41-43). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. Mayetiola poae (Bosc, 1817) Poomyia poae Bosc, 1817: localities: Kossovo Village, near Asenovgrad: NAIDENOV (1962: 150). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe. Mikiola fagi Hartig, 1839 Localities: in beechwood in the Rhodopes: Naidenov (1962: 159-160). Zoog. Char.: Diajunctiv Palaearctic. Distr.: Europe; Asia: Transcaucasus; Japan. Mikiola orientalis Kieffer, 1908 Localities: Bachkovski Monastery: Naidenov (1962: 160-161). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Caucasian. Distr.: Europe: Bulgaria; Turkey; Asia: Transcaucasus, Turkey. Olygotrophus juniperinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Localities: Byala Cherkva Village; Batak Dam Lake: NAIDENOV (1962, 148); Dagonovo Village: Skuhrava et al, (1991: 19). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr. Europe.
Nematocera
747
Oligotrophus panteli Kieffer, 1898 Localities: Distr. Asenovgrad: Assenova krepost: NAIDENOV (1962: 148). Zoog. Char.: Euro-Mediterranean. Distr.: Europe; North Africa: Algeria. Oligotrophus szepligetii Kieffer, 1909 Localities: South-Western Rhodopes: NAIDENOV (1962: 149). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr. Europe: Hungary, former Czechoslovakia, Ukraine Bulgaria. 31. Putoniella pruni (Kaltenbach, 1872) Localities: Dagonovo locality: SKUHRAVA et al. (1991: 20). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr. Europe. Rhopalomyia foliorum (Loew, 1850) Localities: Dagonovo Village, 900 m: SKUHRAVA et al. (1991: 20). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr. Europe. Thecodiplosis brachiptera Schwägrichen, 1835 Localities: Ruen Hut: NAIDENOV (1962:146). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr. Europe. Wachtliella rosarum (Hardy, 1850) Localities: Below Ruen Summit: Naidenov (1962: 150); Dagonovo Village: SKUHRAVA et al. (1991: 20). Zoog. Char.: Holarctic. Distr.: Palaearctic: Europe; Asia: Russian Far East; Kazakhstan; Nearctic. Zeuxidiplosis giardi Kieffer, 1896 Localities: Bachkovski Monastery: NAIDENOV (1962: 144). Zoog. Char.: European. Distr.: Europe; (Introduced into North America and New Zealand)
Zoogeographical structurе of Cecidomyidae 1. Holarctic – 1 species (2,86 %): Wachtliella rosarum. 2. Disjunctive Palaearctic – 4 sp. (11,43 %): 1. Didymomyia tiliacea, 2. Hartigiola annulipes, 3. Janetia cerris, 4. Mikiola fagi. 3. Euro-West Palaearctic – 1 sp. (2,86 %). Dasineura trifolii. 4. Eurosiberian – 3 sp. (8,57 %): 1. Dasineura medicaginis, 2. D. terminalis ,3. D. viciae. 5. Euro-Centralasian – 2 sp. (5,71 %): 1. Harmandia cavernosa, 2. H. tremulae. 6. Euromediterranean – 2 sp. (5.71 %): 1. Bayeria thymicola, 2. Oligotrophus panteli. 7. Euro-Eastmediterranean – 2 sp. (5.71 %): 1. Dasineura papaveris, 2. D. subpatula. 8. Euro-Caucasian – 1 sp. (2,86 %): Mikiola orientalis. 9. European – 19 sp. (54,28 %): 1. Asphordylia hornigi, 2. Dasyneura pyri, 3. Bayeria capitigena, 4. Contarinia hypochoeridis, 5. C. nasturitii , 6. Craneiobia corni, 7. Dasineura asperulae, 8. D. crataegi, 9. D. sisymbrii,10. D. tortrix ,11. Janetiella lemeei, 12. Kaltenbachiola strobi, 13.
748
V.L. BESCHOVSKI
Mayetiola poae, 14. Olygotrophus juniperinus, 15. O. szepligetii, 16. Putoniella pruni, 17. Rhopalomyia foliorum, 18. Thecodiplosis brachiptera, 19. Zeuxidiplosis giardi. The Cecidomyiidae species belong to 19 genera. The species with wide distribution in this group are comparatively small in number – (Holarctic and Disjunctive Palaearctic) – 14,29 %. More important in the zoogepgraphical structure of the group are the species with European distribution – 54,28 %.
Conclusion A total of 124 species are established in the Western Rhodopes. The Nematocera families are poorely studied in the Western Rhodopes Mountains (table 3). From the zoogeographical review of the separate families (table 1), as well as from the zoogeographical structure of the all species (table 2), it is evident that the predominant role in these Nematocera families belongs to the European elements - 43,57 % (European + South and South-East-European, Balkan and Bulgarian endemits), followed by Eurosiberian – 12,91 %. The species with Euroasian ranges (Disjunctive Palaearctic + Eurosiberian+ Euro-Centralasian, + Euro-Westasian, + Euro-Eastmediterranean + Euro-Caucasian) represent a total of 33,92 % of the species established in the Western Rhodopes. The species with endemic status (Balkan and Bulgarian endemits) are well represented with 5,66 % (7 in number). T a b l e 1. Distribution of the species established by zoogeographic groups with their number and percentage Groups and taxa Holarctic- Oriental ................... Limoniidae ................................... 2 1. Dicarnomyia longipennis 2. Symplecta hibrida Palaearctic-Oriental ................. Limoniidae ................................... 1 1. Limonia macrostigma Culicidae ...................................... 2 1. Anopheles superpictus 2. Culiseta annulata Holarctic .................................... Limoniidae ................................... 4 1. Austrolimnophila unica 2. Dicranomyia modesta 3. Limonia nubeculosa 4. Synplecta stictica Culicidae ...................................... 3 1. Aedes caspius 2. Aedes pullatus
number % 2
3
9
Groups and taxa
1.61 Europe-Eastmediterranean [=Euro-Irano-Touranian] .......... Limoniidae ................................... 2 1. Ilisia maculata 2.43 2. Limonia hercegovinae Pediciidae ..................................... 1 1. Dicranota landrocki Tipulidae ...................................... 1 1. Tipula lateralis Blepharoceridae ........................... 1 7.26 1. Blepharocera fasciatas Cecidomyidae .............................. 2 1. Dasineura papaveris 2. Dasineura subpatula Euro-Caucasian ...................... 1 Cecidomyiidae ............................. 1 1. Mikiola orientalis European ................................... Limoniidae ................................... 6
number % 7
5.66
1
0.81
44
35.48
Nematocera Groups and taxa 3. Culex territans Simuliidae .................................... 1 1. Eusimulium aureum Cecidomyiidae ............................. 1 1. Wachtliella rosarum West Palaearctic ........................ Culicidae ...................................... 4 1. Anopheles claviger 2. Anopheles maculipennis 3. Aedes geniculata 4. Culex hortensis Cecidomyiidae ............................. 1 1. Dasineura trifolii Disjunctive-Palaearctic ............. Simuliidae .................................... 3 1. Prosimulium hirtipes 2. Prosimulium tomosvaryi 3. Wilhelmia lineata Cecidomyiidae ............................. 4 1. Didymomyia tiliacea 2. Hartigiola annulipes 3. Janetia cerris 4. Mikiola fagi Eurosiberian ............................. Limoniidae ................................... 7 1. Dicranomyia caledonica 2. Limonia sylvicola 3. Limonia trivittata 4. Metalimnobia bifasciata 5. Metalimnobia zetterstedti 6. Molophilus propinquus 7. Neolimnomyia nemoralis Tipulidae ...................................... 1 1. Nephrotoma crocata Simuliidae .................................... 5 1. Cnetha latipes 2. Nevermania angustitarsis 3. Odagmia ornata 4. Simulium morsiitans 5. Simulium noelleri Cecidomyiidae ............................. 3 1. Dasineura medicaginis 2. Dasineura terminalis 3. Dasineura viciae Euro-Centralasian .................... Limoniidae ................................... 1 1. Limnophila schranki Cecidomyiidae ............................. 2
number %
5
4.03
7
5.66
16
12.91
3
2.43
Groups and taxa 1. Dicranomyia conchifera 2. Elliptera omissa 3. Limonia pannonica 4. Limonia splendens 5. Limonia taurica 6. Molophilus corniger Pediciidae ..................................... 2 1. Tricyphona schummeli 2. Ula mollissima Tipulidae ...................................... 2 1. Nephrotoma pratensis 2. Tipula affinis Simuliidae .................................. 14 1. Cleitosimulium argenteostriatum 2. Cnetha brevidens 3. Cnetha carpathica 4. Cnetha carthusiensis 5. Cnetha codreanui 6. Cneta meigeni 7. Odagmia argyreata 8. Odagmia caucasica 9. Odagmia spinosa 10. Odagmia variegata 11. Paragnus bukovskii 12. Paragnus degrangei 13. Tetisimulium crinitum 14. Tetisimulium kondici Blepharoceridae ........................... 1 1. Liponeura cordata Cecidomyiidae ........................... 19 1. Asphordylia hornigi 2. Dasyneura pyri 3. Bayeria capitigena 4. Contarinia hypochoeridis 5. Contarinia nasturitii 6. Craneiobia corni 7. Dasineura asperulae 8. Dasineura crataegi 9. Dasineura sisymbrii 10. Dasineura tortrix 11. Janetiella lemeei 12. Kaltenbachiola strobi 13. Mayetiola poae 14. Olygotrophus juniperinus 15. Oligotrophus szepligetii 16. Putoniella pruni 17. Rhopalomyia foliorum 18. Thecodiplosis brachiptera
749
number %
750
V.L. BESCHOVSKI
Groups and taxa 1. Harmandia cavernosa 2. Harmandia tremulae Euro-Westasian ......................... Limoniidae ................................... 7 1. Eloeophila maculata 2. Erioptera fusculenata 3. Erioptera lutea 4. Limonia phragmitidis 5. Ormosia hederae 6. Phylidorea ferruginea Pediciidae ..................................... 1 1. Tricyphona immaculata Europe-Mediterranean .............. Limoniidae ................................... 6 1. Dicarnomyia mitis 2. Eloeophila verralli 3. Euphylidorea lineola 4. Erioconopa symplectoides 5. Idiocera pulchripennis 6. Limonia flavipes Simuliidae .................................... 1 1. Cnetha cryophila Cecidomyiidae ............................. 2 1. Bayeria thymicola 2. Oligotrophus panteli
number %
8
9
Groups and taxa
19. Zeuxidiplosis giardi South and South-East 6.45 European ................................... Limoniidae ................................... 1 1. Molophilus obsoletus [South-East European.] Simuliidae .................................... 2 1. Cnetha couverti 2. Nevermania latigonia Balkan endemics ....................... Limoniidae ................................... 1 1. Scleroprocta balcanica 7.26 [Bulgaria and ex Yugoslavia] Pediciidae ..................................... 1 1. Pedicia spinifera Blepharoceridae ........................... 1 1. Liponeura cinerascens jugoslavica Bulgarian endemics .................. Limoniidae ................................... 4 1. Molophilus directidens 2. Molophilus lautereri 3. Ormosia amicorum 4. Phylidorea alexanderi
number %
3
2.43
3
2.43
4
3.43
T a b l e 2. Zoogeographic structure of the Nematocera families established in the Western Rhodopes in percentages (%) Zoogeographic characteristic (groups) Holarctic- Oriental Palaearctic-Oriental Holarctic West Palaearctic Disjunctive-Palaearctic Eurosiberian Europe-Central-Asian Europe-Westasian Europe-Mediterranean Europe-Eastmediterranean Europe-Caucasian European South and South-East European Balkan endemit
Number of species
%
2 3 9 5 7 16 3 8 9 7 1 44 3 3
1.61 2.43 7.26 4.03 5.66 12.91 2.43 6.45 7.26 5.66 0.81 35.48 2.43 2.43
Nematocera Zoogeographic characteristic (groups)
751
Number of species
%
4 124
3.23 99,99
Bulgarian endemit Total
T a b l e 3. Species established in the Western Rhodopes and in Bulgaria Families Limoniidae Pediciidae Tipulidae Culicidae Simuliidae Blepharoceridae Cecidomyidae Total
Number of Species Western Rhodopes
Bulgaria
41 5 4 9 27 3 35 124
186 12 67 39 58 7 120 489
References BERON P. 1969. Sur les eléments boreo-alpins de la faune bulgare. - Bull. Inst. Zool. et Musée, Sofia, 30: 115-132. BOSHKOV D. 1959. Beitrag zur Erforschung der Stechmückenfauna im Rhodopen- und Rilagebirge. – Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus., Sofia, 8: 109-119. (In Bulgarian, summ. German). BOSHKOV D. 1962. Stechmuckenlarven aus den Gebieten von Petric und Goce Delcev.- Natural Centres of Disease in the Petrich und Gotse Delchev Areas: 219-224. BAN. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., German). BOSHKOV D. 1966. Beitrag zum Studium der Stechmücken im Vitosha- Gebirge. –Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus., 21: 65-67. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., German). BOSHKOV D. 1974. [Bloodsucking mosquitos of the Bulgarian mountains]. - Priroda 23(3): 40-42 (In Bulgarian). BOSHKOV D. 1991. [The Bloodsucking Mosquitos]. – Sofia, BAN, 223 p. (In Bulgarian). CHORBADZHIEV P. 1928b. [Enemies on the cultural plants in Bulgaria during year 1926]. – Reports on the agriculture, 9 (3/4): 3-51 (In Bulgarian). [Nepriyateli po kulturnite rasteniya v Bulgaria prez 1926 godina. – Svedenia po zemledelieto, 9(3/4): 3 - 51.] HARIZANOV A.1964. [Pear leaf fly]. (Krushova listna muha). - Fruit-growing, 6: 36 – 37. (in Bulgarian). KOLEKTIV. 1956. [Diseases and enemies on the cultural plants in this country in year 1954]. – Bulletin for Plant Protection, 4(6/7): 3 – 74. (In Bulgarian). KOVATSCHEV, S., 1975. Materialen über die Simuliidenfauna (Diptera, Simuliidae) der Rhodopen. - La Faune des Rhodopes. Matériaux. Sofia, BAN. 205 – 208. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., German). KRZEMINSKI W., 1984. Limoniidae of Bulgaria (Diptera, Nematocera). I. – Acta zoologica bulgarica, 24: 27-34 KRZEMINSKI W. & J. STARÝ, 1989. Limoniidae of Bulgaria. II (Diptera, Nematocera). - Polskie Pismo Entomol., 59(1): 253-279. MALKOV K. 1904. I. [The more principal diseases and damages on the agricultural plants, fruit trees and vegetables, that are appeared in year 1903 in Sadovo and its surroundings]. II. [What kinds of diseases and enemies on the agricultural plants, fruit trees etc. are appeared in the country]. An annual report of the state agricultural experimental station in Sadovo, I (201-208); II (209-221). (In Bulgarian)[I.Po-glavni bolesti i povredi po zemedelskite rasteniya, ovoshtni darveta i zelenchutsite, koito sa se poyavili prez 1903 godina v Sadovo i okolnostite mu. II. Kakvi bolesti i nepriyateli na zemedelskite rasteniya, ovoshtnite darveta i dr. sa se poyavili v stranata prez 1903 g.). Godishen otchet na Sadovskata darzhavna zemedelska opitna stantsiya].
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MENDL H. 1986. Stelzmucken (Limoniidae) aus Bulgarien (Diptera, Nematocera). - Spixiana, 9(3): 275-282. NAIDENOV V. 1962. Bulgarische Itonidinae (Dipt., Itonididae) und Ihre Gallbildungen. – Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus., 11: 141-142. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., German). NEDELKOV N. 1909. [Our entomological fauna]. - Archiv of the National Education Board (Arch. Min. nar. prosv.) Year. I (1909), 3: 83-135. (In Bulgarian). NEDELKOV N. 1912. [The sixth contribution to the entomological fauna of Bulgaria]. - La Revue de l’Académie Bulgare des Sciences, 2: 177-218. (In Bulgarian). OOSTERBROEK P., Br. THEOWALD. 1992. Family Tipulidae. In: Soos, A., (Editor): Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera, 1: 5-182. Hungarian Natural History Museum. Budapest. 520 pp. PASPALEV H. V. 1951. Recherches sur les musquets malariens dans la région des Rhodopes. - Bulletin de l’Institut zoologique, 1: 200-224+1 map. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., French). ROUSSEV B. K. 1964. Hydrobiologische Untersuchungen der Arda und Ihrer Nebenflusse. – Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus., 17: 5-49 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., German). SAVCHENKO E. N., V. TOMOV. 1975. A New Species of Ormosia (Diptera, Limoniidae) from Bulgaria. – Dokladi Akademii Nauk ukrainskoi RSR (B), 950-952 (In Russian, summ. Engish). SKUHRAVA M., K. SKUHRAVI, K. DONCHEV & B. DIMITROVA. 1964. Gall midges (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) of Bulgaria. I. Faunistic researches in the 1978-1987 period. - Acta zool. bulgarica, 42: 3-26. SLIVENSKI M. 1935. [Prinos kam izuchavaneto na malariyata v Bulgaria] Contribution to the study of the malaria in Bulgaria. 2nd edition, Sofia, 230 p. (In Bulgarian). SLIVENSKI Ì. 1946. [Malariyata]. - The malaria. 4th edition, Sofia, 256 p. (In Bulgarian). SZILADY J. 1934. Beitrag zur Dipterenfauna Bulgariens. - Mitteil. Bulg. Entomolog. Gesellschaft in Sofia, 8: 145-152. VERESHCHAGIN N. K., A. N. IVANOV, YU., A. ISSAKOV, O. L. KRIZHANOVSKIJ, D. B. PANFILOV, A. N. FORMOZOV, O.N. SHOUBINOV. 1964. Zoogeographic dividing (ranging) of the land. In: Physicogeographical atlas of the world. Moskow, Akademy of Sciences of the USSR: 70-71. VIMMER A. 1916. O trech novych druzich a nekterych staršich rodu Liponeura (Dipt.). Přispevek k musi faune Bulharska.- Rozpravy Česke Akademie Cisare Františka Josefa pro vedy slovenost a umeni, 25 (2): 1-18. ZWICK P. 1992. Family Blepharoceridae (39-54). - Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera, 1, Hungarian Natural History Museum. Budapest, 520 p. Author’s address V. Beshovski Institute of Zoology 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Bld. 1000 Sofia, BULGARIA e-mail:
[email protected]
Фаунистичен преглед на някои семейства Nematocera (Diptera), установени в Западните Родопи (България) Венелин Л. БЕШОВСКИ (Р е з ю м е) Общо 124 вида са установени на територията на Западните Родопи от 7 семейства: Limoniidae (41), Pediciidae (5), Tipulidae (4), Culicidae (9), Simuliidae (27), Blepharoceridae (3) и Cecidomyidae (35). В зоогеографски аспект (табл. 1, 2) доминираща роля между тези семейства имат европейските елементи (43,57 %) (европейски - южно и югоизточно европейските, балканските и българските ендемити, следвани от евросибирските (12,91 %). Видовете с евроазиатски ареали (Дизюнктивно палеарктични + евросибирски + евро-централноазиатски + европейско западноазиатски + европейско-източномедитерански + евро-кавказки) включват общо 33,92 %. Видовете с ендемичен статус (балкански и български ендемити) са добре представени с 5,66 % (7 на брой).
Gastropoda
753
Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Terrestrial gastropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
ATANAS IRIKOV, IVELIN MOLLOV
Irikov A., I. Mollov. 2006. Terrestrial gastropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P. (ed). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 753-832. Abstract. For the first time a synopsis is made of the terrestrial malacofauna of the Western Rhodopes in Bulgaria. There are 106 species and 19 subspecies (111 taxa) of terrestrial snails announced as valid for the fauna of the Bulgarian part of the Western Rhodopes Mountain. For the first time 5 new taxa are reported for the fauna of the Rhodopes and 4 new taxa for the Bulgarian fauna. As a result of a critical evaluation 24 taxa are considered invalid for the fauna of the Western Rhodopes Mountain. The full contemporary distribution of the terrestrial snails in the Western Rhodopes is shown with taxonomical, ecological, zoogeographical notes and data concerning the endemism. Key words: terrestrial snails and slugs, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Bulgaria, Western Rhodopes
Introduction The physico-geographical region of the Western Rhodopes Mountain is one of the best studied regarding malacofauna – fig. 1 (see comments on the figure in section “Material and methods”). The first data are recorded by KOBELT (1906), JURINIČ (1906), HESSE (1911, 1912, 1913), WOHLBEREDT (1911) and WAGNER A. (1927). After the research of URBAŃSKI (1960b,c, 1964) intensive studies started, which resulted in the publication of diverse data mostly by foreign scientists. In more recent time new data were presented in the papers of IRIKOV (1999, 2001, 2002, 2003), IRIKOV & IRIKOVA (2000), IRIKOV (2006-in press). Till now the greater part of all studies on the terrestrial snails in the region of the Western Rhodopes Mountain have had faunal character, e.g. emphasizing on species composition, distribution and taxonomy, some of the articles presenting anatomical research, ecological data and zoogeographical analysis. Even though the studies of particular orographically defined areas are occasional (except the article of IRIKOV, 2002), they also have more incident character determined by fragmentary collection from different mountain regions.
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A. IRIKOV, I. MOLLOV
Most of the investigations are based on work in situ in one and the same calcareous regions such as the valley of the Chepelarska River, Chudni Mostove Rock Bridges, Trigradski Karst Gorge, the areas of Dospat, Velingrad and others, and also the collecting of material has been done partially and locally. Despite this and because of the increased amount of information by many authors it is safe to say that these calcareous regions are among the best studied regions in the Western Rhodopes. A complete characteristic of this orographically defined region is presented by IRIKOV (2002), where the author presents generalized species composition of the terrestrial snails and their frequency in the Dobrostan Ridge. The paper also includes ecological and zoogeographical analysis. The aim of this paper is to generalize and to present all available literary and recent data concerning terrestrial snails in the region of the Western Rhodopes Mountain and to make ecological and zoogeographical analysis of the malacofauna.
Material and methods To generalize the actual species composition and distribution of the terrestrial snails of the Western Rhodopes in a synopsis all literature data and many new records have been presented as a result of long-term studies in the past several years. The material was collected from different areas, habitats, altitudes and substrates with the aim of conducting a more complete and accurate study of the region. In the described way specimens from so far unexplored areas were collected, as well as specimens from many localities, which had already been cited in the literature so as to the confirm or deny many disputable species. Due to this method and critical approach, it was established that many taxa are invalid for the fauna of the Western Rhodopes. In the synopsis of the results for every established species the following information is given: a valid Latin name, according to the requirements of the contemporary zoological nomenclature, a list of synonyms, applied to the Western Rhodopes (including the name of the species and the author who first reported it for the Western Rhodopes, year of publication and number of the pages, where the name is included; the author, who was last to report the species for the Western Rhodopes with its valid name); a list of the authors who reported the species for the Western Rhodopes and additional new data; UTM coordinates and separate localities in the UTM grid; vertical distribution, ecological and taxonomical data for some of the species, the type of endemism (if any) and zoogeographic characteristics. Fig. 1 presents a map of the studied region with its physical-geographical boundaries in a UTM grid (10x10 km), according to the Global Positioning System. Every quadrant has its UTM code. For a more visual presentation of the territorial exploration of the Western Rhodopes a different coloration of the UTM quadrants was used: for the UTM quadrants with black background and white UTM code there are literary data or new records for at least one or many species; for the UTM quadrants with white background and black UTM code there are no data at all on the present malacofauna.
Gastropoda
755
Fig. 1. Schematic map of the Western Rhodopes with UTM grid (10x10 km). Tables 1 and 2 present all localities of terrestrial snails in the Western Rhodopes from literature sources or new records with a UTM code. With Arabic numbers are shown the serial number of each locality within the UTM quadrant. All taxa, which are invalid for the fauna of the Western Rhodopes, are marked with the following symbol - #. All taxa, which are new for the fauna of the Western Rhodopes or bigger geographical regions, are marked with the following symbols: a new taxon for the Rhodopes Mountain. a new taxon for the Bulgarian fauna. All endemic taxa with different degree of endemism are marked with the following symbols: endemic taxon for the Balkan Peninsula. endemic taxon for Bulgaria. endemic taxon for Bulgaria, which has been registered only in the Western Rhodopes. For the species’ ecological characteristics their ecological preferences (mainly concerning humidity and temperature) are registered, as well as their ecological valency and adaptive behavior against the environmental factors, the habitat and vertical distribution and the contemporary areal of the taxa as a reflection of its ecological requirements. Ecological characteristics of the terrestrial snails from the Dobrostan Ridge in the Western Rhodopes given by IRIKOV (2002) are also used.
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T a b l e 1. Codes of the treated localities of the terrestrial gastropods in Western Rhodopes Mountains UTM code Locality GM15 GM31 GM35 GM36 GM40 GM43 GM45(1) GM45(2) GM45(3) GM45(4) GM46 KG53 KG54 KG57 KG60 KG61(1) KG61(2) KG63 KG64 KG65 KG71(1) KG71(2) KG71(3) KG75(1) KG75(2) KG80(1) KG80(2) KG81(1) KG81(2) KG81(3) KG82(1) KG82(2) KG82(3) KG82(4) KG83 KG84 KG90 KG91 KG92 KG93(1) KG93(2) KG93(3) KG95(1) KG95(2)
Yakoruda Village Ognyanovo Village Yundola area (1) Yundola area (2) Bistritsa Reka River Valley Ludi Dol Mountain Brook Velingrad Kleptuza Lake Chepino Village Chepino Village district Summit Eleni Vrah Beglika Hut area (1) Cave Lepenitsa Belovo Village Barutin Village Dospat town Sarnena Reka River Valley Beglika Hut area (2) Batak Tsigov Chark Village area Teshel Village Cave Yagodinska Buynovska Reka River Gorge Peshtera Stara Reka River Valley Trigrad Village Chairski Ezera Lakes Trigradska River Gorge Cave Dyavolskoto Garlo Summit Dur-Daa Devin Bedenski Mineralni Bani Mountain-Resort Tsarkvata area between Devin - Grohotno Village Mihalkovo Village Ravnogor Village Summit Goljam Perelik Shiroka Laka Village Zabardo Village Chudnite Mostove Rock Bridges Skalni Mostove Hut Summit Persenk Krichim Krichim Valley
Notes
5 km from Mesta River South from Velingrad
Between Barutin Village and Zmeitsa Village
Peshtera district
North from Trigrad Village
Devin district
Gastropoda UTM code Locality LG00(1) LG00(2) LG00(3) LG01(1) LG01(2) LG01(3) LG01(4) LG01(5) LG01(6) LG01(7) LG02(1) LG02(2) LG02(3) LG02(4)
Smolyan Smolyan Smolyan, quarter Sredorek Cave Mechata Dupka Summit Snejanka Pamporovo district Studenec Hut Smolyanski Ezera Lakes Stoikite Village between Pamporovo MountainResort and Stoikite Village Bogutevo Village Valchi Dol Ravine Chepelare Chepelare
LG02(5) LG02(6) LG03(1) LG03(2) LG03(3)
Izgrev Hut “Grueva bichkiya” area Hvoyna Village Orehovo Village Oreshitsa Reka River Valley
LG03(4) LG03(5) LG03(6) LG03(7) LG04(1) LG04(2)
Pavelsko Village district Vaklite Dupki rocky phenomenon Malevo Village Summit Kamaka Byala Cherkva Mountain-Resort between Hvoyna Village and Byala Cherkva Mountain Resort Kosovo Village “Katargi” area Dedovo Village between Dedovo Village and Hrabrino Village Zdravetz Hut Hrabrino Village Parvenets Village Ustovo Village Rozen Ridge Bogutevo Village Summit Dragiitsa Yugovo Village Narechenski Bani Mountain-Resort Narechen Village Galabovo Village Kuklen Village Ruen Village
LG04(3) LG04(4) LG05(1) LG05(2) LG05(3) LG05(4) LG06 LG10 LG11 LG12 LG13(1) LG13(2) LG14(1) LG14(2) LG15(1) LG15(2) LG15(3)
757
Notes Eastern of the town 5 km western from the town Pamporovo district Pamporovo district road to the hut
Chepelarska Reka River Valley Zorniza Village district Chepelarska Reka River Valley, 2-3 km from the town Western from Chepelare Near Zabardo Village
Between Hvoyna Village and Orehovo Village - Summit Persenk
Zabardo Village district
Northeastern from Orehovo Village
a quarter of Smolyan
Radyuva Planina range
758
A. IRIKOV, I. MOLLOV
UTM code Locality
Notes
LG22 LG23(1) LG23(2) LG23(3) LG23(4) LG23(6) LG24(1) LG24(2) LG24(3) LG24(4) LG25(1) LG25(2) LG25(3) LG25(4) LG33(1) LG33(2) LG33(3)
“Kormisosh” Hunting Reserve
LG34 LF09 LF29
Krushovska Reka River Valley Mostovska Sushitsa River Valley Mostovska Sushitsa River Valley Belitsa Village Mostovo Village Manastirska Reka River Valley Bachkovo Village Bachkovski monastery Slivov Dol area Chepelarska Reka River Valley Asenovgard Asenova Krepost Fortress left feeder of the Chepelarska Reka River Lukovitska Reka River Mostovska Sushitsa River Valley Sini Vrah Village between Sini Vrah Village and Summit Karadzhov Kamak between Dolnoslav Village and Gornoslav Village Mogilitsa Village Rudozem
2 km south-eastern of Martciganitsa Hut
South from Laki Village
1 km from Bachkovski monastery Asenovgrad district between Asenovgrad and Bachkovo Village between Mostovo Village - Sini Vrah Village
T a b l e 2. Codes of the areas of distribution of the terrestrial gastropods in Western Rhodopes Mountains UTM code
Areas
GL49-KF59 GM45-KG54 KG71, KG72 KG80-KG81-KG82 KG84-KG85 LG01-LG11
between Beslen Village and Slashten Village Lepenitsa River Valley Chakin Dol Reka River Valley, “Kastrakli” Reserve between Devin Town and Trigrad Village Krichim Dam Between Pamporovo Mountain-Resort and Smolyan on the road to Levochevo Village Zabardo Village Chepelarska Reka River Valley Chepelarska Reka River Valley between Asenovgrad and Chepelare Chepelarska Reka River Valley between Narechenski Bani Mountain-Resort and Hvoyna Village Chepelarska Reka River Valley from Bachkovo Village to Hvoyna Village Chepelarska Reka River Valley from Asenovgrad town to Hvoyna Village
LG02-KG92 LG01-LG02-LG03-LG04-LG14-LG24-LG25 LG02-LG03-LG14-LG24-LG25 LG03-LG04-LG14 LG03-LG14-LG24 LG03-LG14-LG24-LG25
Gastropoda
759
UTM code
Areas
LG13-LG03
A Radyuva Mountain slope near “Sinite hancheta” area Yugovska Reka River Valley Chepelarska Reka River Valley from Asenovgrad to Narechen Village Chepelarska Reka River Valley from Asenovgrad to Narechenski Bani Mountain-Resort The valley of “Kormisosh” Hunting Reserve “Kormisosh” Hunting Reserve Dobrostan Ridge Chepelarska Reka River Valley from Bachkovo Village and Hvoyna Village Chepelarska Reka River Valley between Asenovgrad and Bachkovo Village between Asenovgrad and Bezovo Hut
LG13-LG14 LG14-LG24-LG25(1) LG14-LG24-LG25(2) LG22-LG23 LG22-LG23-LG32 LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34 LG24-LG14-LG03 LG24-LG25(1) LG24-LG25(2)
The Arabic numbers used for the species’ ecological characteristics in “Discussion” section conform to the serial number of each species in the “Results” section. For the zoogeographical characteristics of the species the contemporary areal of each species is noted and also its ecological requirements and adaptations as a reflection of its historical development, geological and tectonical history of the land, as well as some published paleontological data. For the zoogeographic characteristics mainly the works of the following authors were used: GRUEV (1995), GRUEV (In: GRUEV & KUZMANOV, 1999), GRUEV (2000), GRUEV & BECHEV (2000), GRUEV (2002a,b), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975), as well as the zoogeographic characteristics made for terrestrial snails from the Dobrostan Ridge in the Western Rhodopes by IRIKOV (2002). The names of the zoogeographic categories (complexes, elements, subelements) are by GRUEV & BECHEV (2000). The snails were identified in laboratory conditions by their conchiological indices and anatomical and morphological peculiarities of the genital system. For identifying the taxa, we used mainly the works of DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975), NORDSIECK (1973, 1974), URBAŃSKI (1960b,c, 1964, 1969), WIKTOR (1983) and others.
List of the taxa of terrestrial snails, inhabiting the Western Rhodopes: Pomatiasidae 1. Pomatias rivulare (Eichwald, 1829) Pomatias rivulare rivulare: URBAŃSKI, 1960b: 80. Pomatias rivulare: PINTER L., 1968: 218. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI (1960b,c) LG24(1,2), LG25(2), URBAŃSKI (1964) LG24(2), LG25(2), RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI (1964) LG24(1), LG25(2), URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR (1968) LG24(2), PINTER L. (1968) LG24(2), LG14-
760
A. IRIKOV, I. MOLLOV
LG24-LG25(2), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG24(2), LG25(3), PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG75(1), HUDEC & VAŠATKO (1971) LG24(2), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975 – “Rhodopes Mountain”), CLAUSS (1977) LG24(2), KÖRNIG (1983) LG24(1), HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993 – “Rhodopes Mountain”), IRIKOV & IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Krichim Dam area, KG84-KG85, 28.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 300 m a.s.l. at Asenovgrad and 1400 m a.s.l. at the area of Chervenata Skala Summit in the Dobrostan Ridge. Ecological data: It inhabits calcareous terrains, mostly in the leaf cover in deciduous forests at medium and high humidity, thermophilic, but during dry periods extremely drought-resistant. It is also rarely recorded in pine-tree forests. Mesophilic and thermophilic species with relatively high drought-resistance (IRIKOV A., 2002). Zoogeography: According to IRIKOV (2002) this species is an Eastsubmediterranean subelement of the European faunistic complex. After the new interpretation of the Submediterranean faunistic element (GRUEV, 2000) we think that this species should be defined as a Euxinian subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. # Pomatias elegans (Müller, 1774) This species was reported for the Rhodopes Mountain in general by DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975), and later t was cited by HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993). Unfortunately, so far there are no documented data for the actual presence of this species in the Western Rhodopes, so we assume that this is an invalid taxon for this part of the mountain. Aciculidae 2. Hyalacme similis (Reinhardt, 1880) Acicula (Hyalacme) similis bulgarica: URBAŃSKI, 1960b: 81; 1960c: 127; RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI, 1964: 77. Acme similis bulgarica: URBAŃSKI, 1964: 27; Acicula (Hyalacme) similis: PINTER L., 1968: 211; DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 90. Acicula similis bulgarica: URBAŃSKI, 1969: 227, 238; URBAŃSKI, 1971: 255. Acicula similis: DAMJANOV & L. PINTER, 1969: 3; PINTER I. & L. PINTER, 1970: 87; IRIKOV & IRIKOVA, 2000: 422; IRIKOV, 2002: 93. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI (1960 b, c, 1964) LG25(2), RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI (1964) LG25(2), PINTER L. (1968) LG24(2), URBAŃSKI (1969) KG80(2), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG24(2), PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG75(1), KG93(1), URBAŃSKI (1971) KG81(1), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975 – “Rhodopes Mountain”), IRIKOV & IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered from 300 m a.s.l. at the Dobrostan Ridge up to 1550 m a.s.l. at Chairski Lakes. Ecological data: It inhabits limestones within the leaf cover of deciduous forests with high humidity and moderate or low temperature.
Gastropoda
761
Mesohygrophilic, cool-loving species (IRIKOV, 2002). Zoogeography: According to IRIKOV (2002) this species is a Mideuropean element of the European faunistic element, but after additional analysis of the contemporary areal and the ecological requirements of the species, we think that it should be defined as Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. Ellobiidae 3. Carychium tridentatum (Risso, 1826) Carychium tridentatum: PINTER L., 1968: 218. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): PINTER L. (1968) LG24(2), URBAŃSKI (1969) KG80(2), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG24(2), CLAUSS (1977) LG02(2), IRIKOV & IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered from 400 m a.s.l. at the Dobrostan Ridge up to 1550 m a.s.l. at Chairiski Lakes. Ecological data: It inhabits limestones within the leaf cover of deciduous forests with medium and high humidity and moderate temperature. Mesophile, cool-loving and relatively cold-resistant species (IRIKOV, 2002). Zoogeography: Mid European element, European faunistic complex. Pleurodiscidae 4. Pyramidula rupestris (Draparnaud, 1801) Pyramidula rupestris: PINTER L., 1968: 218. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): PINTER L. (1968) LG25(2), URBAŃSKI (1969) KG93(1), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG25(3), PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG93(1), HUDEC & VASATKO (1971) LG24(2), URBAŃSKI (1971) KG81(1), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975 - “Rhodopes”), CLAUSS (1977) KG93(1), KÖRNIG (1983) LG23(4), DEDOV (1998) (material from the Rhodopes Mountain), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Hvoyna Village LG03(1), Malevo Village LG03(6), Orehovo Village LG03(2), Narechenski bani Mountain Resort LG14(1), Narechen Village LG14(2), Chepelarska River Valley (from Bachkovo Village to Hvoyna Village) LG24-LG14-LG03, Kosovo Village LG04(3), 17-21.VI.2000, leg. A. Irikov. · Teshel Village KG71(1), Buynovska River Gorge KG71(3), Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley KG71, KG72, 25.05.2001, leg. A. Irikov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered from 500 m a.s.l. at the Dobrostan Ridge up to 1600 m a.s.l. at the area of Chudni Mostove Rock Bridges. Ecological data: It inhabits exclusively limestones (extremely stenopetrophilic species, calcerous). Xeromesophilic, thermophile, drought-resistant species, which can survive considerable temperature fluctuations (IRIKOV, 2002). Taxonomical data: The results from our conchiological and anatomical research of the whole material from the the Rhodopes showed that the species belongs to the nominant subspecies P. rupestris rupestris. Zoogeography: Mid European element, European faunistic complex.
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A. IRIKOV, I. MOLLOV
Vertiginidae 5. Vertigo (Vertigo) pusilla Müller, 1774 Vertigo pusilla: URBAŃSKI, 1969: 238. Vertigo (Vertigo) pusilla: DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 120. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI (1969) KG80(2), LG00(2), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975 – “Rilo-Rhodopes region”), CLAUSS (1977) LG02(2). New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): 1 km south-west of Bachkovo Village in the Chepelarska River Valley LG24(4), 18.07.2001, leg. A. Irikov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered from 400 m a.s.l. at Bachkovo Village up to 1550 m a.s.l. at Chairski Lakes. Ecological data: Insufficient. Zoogeography: Mid European element, European faunistic complex. 6. Vertigo (Vertigo) antivertigo (Draparnaud, 1801) Vertigo antivertigo: URBAŃSKI, 1960b: 87. Vertigo (Vertigo) antivertigo: DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 121. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI (1960b) LG00(1), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975 - “Rilo-Rhodopes region”). Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered only from Smolyan at about 1000 m a.s.l. Ecological data: Insufficient. Zoogeography: Eurosiberian subelement, Euroasiatic Palaearctic element, Siberian faunistic complex. 7. Vertigo (Vertigo) alpestris (Alder, 1830) Vertigo alpestris: URBAŃSKI, 1969: 227, 238; PINTER I. & L. PINTER, 1970: 87; URBAŃSKI, 1971: 255. Vertigo (Vertigo) alpestris: DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 124. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI (1969) KG80(1), KG93(1), PINTER I., L. PINTER (1970) KG93(1), URBAŃSKI (1971) KG81(1), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) KG80(1), KG81(1), KG82(1), HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993) KG80(1), KG82(1). New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Ravnogor Village, near a cave hole, KG84, 27.III.2004, leg. D. Georgiev, S. Stoicheva. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 1000 m a.s.l. near Smolyan and 1550 m a.s.l. at Chairski Lakes. Ecological data: Insufficient. Zoogeography: Transpalearctic element, Siberian faunistic complex. 8. Truncatellina claustralis (Gredler, 1856) Truncatellina claustralis claustralis: URBAŃSKI, 1960b: 86. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI (1960b-see comments below), PINTER L. (1968) LG24(2), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969)
Gastropoda
763
LG24(2), PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG75(1), URBAŃSKI (1971) KG81(1), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975 - “Rilo-Rhodopes region”). The species was first reported for Bulgaria by HESSE (1916) as Isthmia opisthodon and Isthmia salurnensis from the bank of Maritsa River near Plovdiv. According to URBAŃSKI (1960b) these were shells from the Rhodopes Mountain, which had been brought along with the river south tributaries coming from the mountain. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Smolyan LG00(1), 22.VIII.2000, leg. D. Georgiev. · Chudni Mostove Rock Bridges area KG93(1), 02.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered from 400 m a.s.l. at Bachkovo Village up to 1600 m a.s.l. at the area of Chudni Mostove Rock Bridges. Ecological data: It inhabits limestones (calcerous) in the mountains with medium and low humidity (xeromesophile), thermophile, in dry periods considerably drought-resistant. Zoogeography: Mid European mountainous subelement, European mountainous element, European faunistic complex. 9. Truncatellina cylindrica (J. Ferussac, 1807) Truncatellina cylindrica: PINTER L., 1968: 218. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): PINTER L. (1968) LG24(2), URBAŃSKI (1969) KG80(2), KG93(1), LG00(2), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG24(4), URBAŃSKI (1971) KG81(1), KÖRNIG (1983) LG00(1), LG13-LG14, LG23(4), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · West and north of Smolyan LG00(1), 22.VIII.2000, leg. D. Georgiev. · Chepelarska River Valley (from Asenovgrad to Hvoyna Village) LG03-LG14-LG24LG25, 2000-2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Orehovska River Valley (from Hvoyna Village to Orehovo Village) LG03(3), 20002004, leg. A. Irikov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered from 400 m a.s.l. at Bachkovski monastery up to 1550 m a.s.l. at the area of Chairski Lakes. Ecological data: It inhabits limestones at medium and low humidity. Xerophilic, thermophile, drought-resistant, found mostly in heterozonal rocky sites (IRIKOV, 2002). Zoogeography: Mid European element, European faunistic complex. # Truncatellina callicratis (Scacchi, 1833) This species was reported for the northern part of the Rhodopes by DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975), and later it was cited by HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993). So far there is no documented data for the presence of this species in the Western Rhodopes, so we suppose that this is an invalid taxon for the fauna of this part of the mountain. 10. () Columella edentula (G. Martens, 1830) Published for the Rhodopes in the present study. Localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Chairski Lakes KG80(2), 29.IV.2003, leg. A. Irikov.
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A. IRIKOV, I. MOLLOV
Vertical distribution: The species is recorded at 1550 m a.s.l. at Chairski Lakes, which is the highest locality known in Bulgaria so far. Ecological data: It inhabits the leaf cover and detritus in deciduous and mixed forests and the banks of streams and near lakes at high humidity and relatively low temperature. Mesohygrophilic, cool-loving, cold-resistant. Zoogeography: Holarctic element, Siberian faunistic complex. Pupillidae 11. Pupilla sterri (Voith, 1838) Pupilla sterri: URBAŃSKI, 1969: 227. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI (1969) KG80(2), KG93(1), URBAŃSKI (1971) KG81(1). This species was reported by URBAŃSKI (1969) for Trigrad Village and Chudni Mostove Rock Bridges. The presence of the species in these areas needs confirmation, because there are no other documented data on its occurrence in these localities, even though they are very well studied. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes this species is recorded only in the region of Trigradsko Gorge near Trigrad Village, at about 1300 m a.s.l., which is one of the species highest known localities in Bulgaria. Ecological data: Insufficient. Zoogeography: South European mountainous subelement, European mountainous element, European faunistic complex. 12. Argna (Agardhiella) macrodonta (Hesse, 1916) Argna (Agardhiella) macrodonta: IRIKOV, 1999: 30. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): IRIKOV (1999, 2002) LG24(3), IRIKOV & IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3). Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes this species is registered only in the area of Slivov Dol Ravine in Dobrostan Ridge at 500-800 m a.s.l. Ecological data: It inhabits the leaf cover in beech forests and rocks with soil alluvium, dry leaves, moss, Haberlea rhodopaensis Friv. and other vegetation (IRIKOV, 1999). Hygro- to mesohygrophilic, cool-loving and cold-resistant species, calcerous. According to URBAŃSKI (1964) and DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) the species inhabits moist places in limestone terrains at 1200 m, in rock cracks or at the base of stone blocks, usually in the root system of the vegetation. Rarely found alive, because of its subterranean way of life and shells are most often found in alluvium. According to URBAŃSKI (1964) this species can be characterized as troglophile, because its shells are found in caves, too. We assume that this species is not a troglophile, because there are few live speciemens found in caves as well as shells, which most likely make their way in there with subterranean waters. The data concerning the species habitat preferences are insufficient. Taxonomical data: The great variability in the shell structure is the reason why in the literature A. rumelica and A. buresi are mentioned as different species or -rumelica as subspecies. According to HESSE (1926), URBAŃSKI (1960d, 1964), DEDOV (1998)
Gastropoda
765
all of these are most likely variations of A. macrodonta. As URBAŃSKI (1960d) and IRIKOV (1999) suggested more anatomical reaserch is needed to clarify the systematic status of the different -macrodonta forms. Endemism: Endemic taxon for the Balkan Peninsula. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. Orculidae 13. Sphyradium doliolum (Bruguière, 1792) Orcula (Sphyradium) doliolum: URBAŃSKI, 1960c: 127-130; RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI, 1964: 77; URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR, 1968: 56; HUDEC & VAŠATKO, 1971: 8. Orcula doliolum: URBAŃSKI, 1964: 26-27; PINTER L., 1968: 218; URBAŃSKI, 1969: 227, 238; DAMJANOV & L. PINTER, 1969: 35; PINTER I. & L. PINTER, 1970: 87; URBAŃSKI, 1971: 255; CLAUSS, 1977: 308; KÖRNIG, 1983: 32; IRIKOV & IRIKOVA, 2000: 421-424; IRIKOV, 2002: 94. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI (1960c, 1964) LG24(2), LG25(2), RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI (1964) LG24(1), LG25(2), URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR (1968) LG24(2), PINTER L. (1968) LG24(2), URBAŃSKI (1969) KG80(2), LG00(2), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG24(4), PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG93(1), URBAŃSKI (1971) KG81(1), HUDEC & VAŠATKO (1971) LG24(2), CLAUSS (1977) KG93(1), KÖRNIG (1983) LG24(1), IRIKOV A. & T. IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Hvoyna Village LG03(1), 27.VIII.2002, leg. A. Irikov. · Orehovska River Valley (from Hvoyna Village to Orehovo Village) LG03(3), 1516.IV.2001, leg. A. Irikov. · Chepelarska River Valley (from Asenovgrad town to Hvoyna Village) LG03-LG14LG24-LG25, 1999-2003, leg. A. Irikov. · Kamaka Summit, 2 km norteast of Zabardo Village LG03(7), 22.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Lepenitsa River Valley GM45, KG54, 22.VIII.2004, leg. D.Georgiev. · Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley KG71, KG72, 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, I. Mollov, K. Kirov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered from 300 m a.s.l. at Asenova Fortress up to 1600 m a.s.l. at Kamaka Summit, near Zabardo Village. Ecological data: It inhabits limestones at moderate humidity, in the leaf cover of broadleaved and rarely pine forests. Because of its thermophilic preferences the species has considerable drought-resistance and can be found in xerothermic sites. Mesophilic, thermophilic species with relatively high drought-resistance (IRIKOV A., 2002). Euryhygro- and eurythermibiontic. Zoogeography: According to IRIKOV (2002) this species is an Irano-Turanian subelement, Subiranian element, Southwestern Asiatic complex. After additional analysis of the contemporary areal and the ecological requirements of the species and considering the geological history of the Eurasian land we think that it is more correct to define this species as Mid European element, European complex.
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A. IRIKOV, I. MOLLOV
14. Pagodulina subdola brabeneci Hudec & Vasatko, 1971 Pagodulina sp.: URBAŃSKI, 1960c: 127. Pagodulina pagodula: RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI, 1964: 77; PINTER L., 1968: 218; URBAŃSKI, 1969: 227, 238; DAMJANOV & L.PINTER, 1969: 35, 38; PINTER I. & L. PINTER, 1970: 87; DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 117-118, fig. 51-52; IRIKOV A. & T. IRIKOVA, 2000: 422-424; Pagodulina subdola brabeneci: HUDEC & VAŠATKO, 1971: 11-14; KÖRNIG, 1983: 32; HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993): 181; DEDOV, 1998: 748; IRIKOV, 2002: 94. Pagodulina subdola: CLAUSS, 1977: 308-309. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI (1960c, 1964) and RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI (1964) LG25(2), PINTER L. (1968) LG14-LG24-LG25(2), LG24(2), URBAŃSKI (1969) LG00(2), KG80(2), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG25(3), LG24(4), PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG93(1), HUDEC & VASATKO (1971) LG24(2), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) LG00(2), LG14(1), CLAUSS (1977) LG01(3), LG02(2), KÖRNIG (1983) LG00(1), LG23(4), HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993) LG00(1), LG14(2), LG23(4), LG24(1), DEDOV (1998 – described from the Rhodopes Mountain), IRIKOV & IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV (2002) LG23LG24-LG25-LG34. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley KG71, KG72, Teshel Village, near Orpheus hotel-restaurant KG71(1), 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov and I. Mollov. · between Mostovo Village and Sini Vrah Village LG33(1), 01.V.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered from 300 m a.s.l. at Asenova krepost Fortress up to 1600 m a.s.l. at the area of Pamporovo Mountain Resort. Ecological data: It inhabits limestones at high humidity, in the leaf cover of broadleaved forests, rarely in pine forests, under stones and logs, in scarce vegetation on rocks. In Dobrostan Ridge the species is numerous in the leaf cover of beech forests in deep ravines with northern lay-out at hight humidity. Forest mesohygrophile, cool-loving and cold-resistant species. Taxonomical data: RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI (1964), announced the species Pagodulina pagodula (Desmoulins, 1830) from Asenova Krepost and later many other authors reported it for other areas of the Western Rhodopes. HUDEC, VAŠATKO (1971), after a precise conchiological and anatomical study of specimens from the locality at Bachkovo Village, described a new subspecies Pagodulina subdola brabeneci. According to the same authors Pagodulina pagodula (Desmoulins, 1830) does not occur in Bulgaria, but all the mentioned material under that name is actually Pagodulina subdola brabeneci. Endemism: Bulgarian endemic taxon, recorded only in the Rhodopes Mountain. Zoogeography: Easternsubmediterranean faunistic subelement, Submediterranean faunistic element, European faunistic complex. Chondrinidae 15. Chondrina avenacea (Bruguière, 1792) Modicella avenaceae: HESSE, 1913: 69. Chondrina avenaceae: PINTER L., 1968: 218.
Gastropoda
767
Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): HESSE (1913) KG93(1), LG22-LG23-LG32, PINTER L. (1968) LG14-LG24-LG25(2), LG24(2), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG25(3), PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG75(1), KG93(1), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975 – “Rhodopes”), CLAUSS (1977) LG24(2), LG03(3, 4), KG93(1), LG01-LG11, KÖRNIG (1983) LG13-LG14, LG23(4), IRIKOV & IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Trigrad Village KG80(1), Teshel Village KG71(1), Buynovska River Gorge KG71(3), Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley KG71, KG72, 2001, 2002, leg. A. Irikov; Teshel Village, near Orpheus restaurant KG71(1), 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov; Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley KG71, KG72, 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Kamaka Summit, 2 km northeast of Zabardo Village LG03(7), 12,28.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Shiroka Laka Village KG91(1), 28.04.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Chairski Lakes KG80(2), 29.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · between Mostovo Village and Sini Vrah Village LG33(1), 01.V.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Galabovo Village, LG15(1), 18.V.2004, leg. D. Bechev. · South of Laki, Manastirska River Valley, LG23(6), 25.08.2005, leg. A. Irikov. · Krushovska River Valley LG22, 25.08.2005, leg. A. Irikov. · Trigrad Village, Trigradsko Zhdrelo Gorge, near Dyavolsko Garlo Cave, open terrain, on rocks KG81(2), 28.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, I. Mollov, K. Kirov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered from 300 m a.s.l. near Asenovgrad up to 1600-1700 m a.s.l. at the area of Pamporovo Mountain Resort. Ecological data: According to DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) this species is rare in the Rhodopes Mountain, but the result of our study showed that this is a very commont species in almost all limestones in the Western Rhodopes, yet still unregistered in the Eastern part of the mountain. It inhabits exlusively limestones, in xerothermic conditions as well as in high humidity. In the Dobrostan Ridge the species is found in very humid and shady places, in heterozonal rocky microsites, placed in beech formations in deep ravines with northern layout. Xerophilic, thermophilic, drought-resistant (IRIKOV, 2002), eurythermichygrobiontic, calcereous. Zoogeography: IRIKOV A. (2002) characterized this species as Mid Europaean faunistic element, but it is more correct to define it as South European mountainous subelement, European mountainous subelement, Europaean faunistic complex. 16. Chondrina clienta (Westerlund, 1883) Chondrina clienta: URBAŃSKI, 1969: 227, 238; 1971: 255. Chondrina clienta bulgarica: NORDSIECK, 1970: 259. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI (1969, 1971) LG00(2), KG93(1), NORDSIECK (1970) LG00(1), LG02(3), URBAŃSKI (1971) KG81(1), HUDEC & VAŠATKO (1971) LG24(2), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975 - “Rhodopes Mountain”), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25- LG34.
768
A. IRIKOV, I. MOLLOV
Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered from 400 m a.s.l. at Bachkovski monastery up to 1500 m a.s.l. at the area of Chudni Mostove Rock Bridges. Our study showed that this species is rarer in comparison with the previous species. Ch. clienta (West.) is a very rare and scanty taxon in the Western Rhodopes. Ecological data: It inhabits exlusively heterozonal limestone habitats with xerothermic conditions, as well as places of hight humidiy especially in co-existence with Chondrina avenaceae Brug. Xerophilic, thermophilic, calcereous (IRIKOV A., 2002), drought-resistant, eurythermichygrobiontic, stenopetrophilic species - calcerous. Zoogeography: IRIKOV (2002) characterized this species as Mid Europaean faunistic element, but it is more correct to define it as South European mountainous subelement, European mountainous subelement, Europaean faunistic complex. Valloniidae 17. Vallonia costata (Müller, 1774) Vallonia costata: URBAŃSKI, 1971: 255. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI (1971) KG81(1), KÖRNIG (1983) LG13-LG14, IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25- LG34. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Hvoyna Village LG03(1), 14.VII.2000, leg. A. Irikov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered from 300-400 m a.s.l. at Dobrostan Ridge up to 1200 m a.s.l. at Trigradsko Zhdrelo Ridge. Ecological data: it prefers open herbaceous habitats and it can rarely be found in microhabitats in forests or on rocks. Mesohygrophilic, cool-loving, cold-resistant species (IRIKOV, 2002), eurythermic, standing considerable temperature fluctuations and continuous dry periods. Zoogeography: Holarctic element, Siberian faunistic complex. 18. Vallonia pulchella (Müller, 1774) Vallonia pulchella: URBAŃSKI, 1971: 255. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI (1971) KG81(1), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25- LG34. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Hvoyna Village LG03(1), 14.VII.2000, leg. A. Irikov. · Belitsa Village, Belitsa River Valley LG23(3), 28.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Ravnogor Village KG84, 27.II.2004, leg. D. Georgiev, S. Stoicheva. · between Beslen Village and Slashten Village, near Mesta River GL49-KF59, 26.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · Barutin Village, near Dospatska River KG60, 27.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered from 300-400 m a.s.l. at Dobrostan Ridge up to 1200 m a.s.l. at Trigradsko Zhdrelo Ridge. Ecological data: It prefers open herbaceous habitats and it can rarely be found in microhabitats in forests or on rocks. Mesohygrophilic, cool-loving, cold-resistant species (IRIKOV A., 2002), eurythermic, standing considerable temperature fluctuations and continuous dry periods. Zoogeography: Holarctic element, Siberian faunistic complex.
Gastropoda
769
19. Acanthinula aculeata (Müller, 1774) Acanthinula aculeata: URBAŃSKI, 1960c: 127. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI (1960 c, 1964) LG25(2), RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI (1964) LG25(2), PINTER L. (1968) LG24(2), URBAŃSKI (1969) LG00(2), KG80(2), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG24(4), PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG75(1), CLAUSS (1977) LG02(2), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25- LG34. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Hvoyna Village LG03(1), VII.2000, leg. A. Irikov. · Chudni Mostove Rock Bridges area KG93(1), VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Trigrad Village KG80(1), Buynovska River Gorge KG71(3), Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley KG71, KG72, 2000 - 2002, leg. A. Irikov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered from 300 m a.s.l. at Asenova Fortress up to 1550 m a.s.l. at Chairski Lakes, which is one of the highest species localities. Ecological data: It inhabits diverse microsites in forest habitats and prefers humid beech forests. Mesophilic, cool-loving and relatively cold-resistant (IRIKOV A., 2002). Zoogeography: Mid European element, European faunistic complex. Enidae 20. Merdigera obscura (Müller, 1774) Ena obscura: WAGNER A., 1927: 316; URBAŃSKI, 1960c: 127; 1964: 27; PINTER L., 1968: 219; URBAŃSKI, 1969: 227, 238; DAMJANOV & L. PINTER, 1969: 35, 38; PINTER I. & L. PINTER, 1970: 88; HUDEC & VAŠATKO, 1971: 8; CLAUSS, 1977: 308; KÖRNIG, 1983: 32; IRIKOV A. & T. IRIKOVA, 2000: 422; IRIKOV, 2002: 94 Ena (Ena) obscura: RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI, 1964: 77. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): WAGNER A. (1927) KG57, URBAŃSKI (1960c, 1964) LG25(2), RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI (1964) LG25(2), PINTER L. (1968) LG14-LG24-LG25(2), LG24(2), URBAŃSKI (1969) KG80(2), LG00(2), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG24(4), LG25(3), PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG75(1), HUDEC & VAŠATKO (1971) LG24(2), CLAUSS (1977) LG01(3), LG01-LG11, LG02(1), LG24(1), KÖRNIG (1983) LG03(1), LG23(4), IRIKOV A. & T. IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25- LG34. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Orehovska River Valley (from Hvoyna Village to Orehovo Village) LG03(3), 20002004, leg. A. Irikov. · Chepelarska River Valley (from Bachkovo Village to Hvoyna Village) LG24-LG14LG03, 2000-2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Zabardo Village LG02-KG92, 24.V.2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Belitsa Village, Belitsa River Valley LG23(3), 28.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Trigrad Village, near Dyavolsko Garlo Cave KG81(2), 28.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Teshel Village, Orpheus near hotel-restaurant KG71(1), 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov.
770
A. IRIKOV, I. MOLLOV
·
Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley KG71, KG72, 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Ravnogor Village, near a cave hole KG84, 27.III.2003, leg. D. Georgiev, S. Stoicheva. · Lepenitsa River Valley GM45-KG54, 22.VIII.2004, leg. D.Georgiev. · Chudni Mostove Rock Bridges area, open terrain, on rocks, under moss KG93(1), 28.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, I. Mollov, K. Kirov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered from 300 m a.s.l. at Asenova Fortress up to 1600 m a.s.l. at the area of Pamporovo Mountain Resort. Ecological data: Mostly forest species – inhabits diverse microsites in broad-leaved and mixed forests and bushy habitats. Drought-resistant, capable of standing tough conditions and continuous dry periods. Mesophilic, thermophilic, drought-resistant (IRIKOV A., 2002), eurythermic and euryhygrophilic species. Zoogeography: Mid European element, European faunistic complex. 21. Ena montana (Draparnaud, 1801) Ena montana: DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 140-141. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975 – “Rhodopes”), IRIKOV A. & I. IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV A. (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25- LG34. Vertical distribution: Despite DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) who announced the species for the Rhodopes Mountain, there are only few documented localities at Dobrostan Ridge in the Western Rhodopes. The species is rare for the Dobrostan Ridge also, where only few empty shells in two localities at 1200-1400 m a.s.l. have been registered. Ecological data: Insufficient. Mesophilic, mesothermic (IRIKOV A., 2002). Taxonomical data: More material needs to be collected (shells and alive animals) to perform detailed anatomical study for the certain definition of this taxon. Zoogeography: Mid European element, European faunistic complex. 22. Zebrina detrita (Müller, 1774) Zebrina (Detrita) detrita detrita: URBAŃSKI, 1960a: 76. Zebrina detrita: PINTER L., 1968: 219; Zebrina detrita: PINTER I. & L. PINTER, 1970: 88; IRIKOV, 2002: 94. Zebrina detrita inflata: HUDEC & VAŠATKO, 1971: 8; DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 143; KÖRNIG, 1983: 32; HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993): 182. Zebrina detrita detrita: CLAUSS, 1977: 308; KÖRNIG, 1983: 32. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI (1960a) LG24(1), PINTER L. (1968) LG14-LG24-LG25(2), LG24(2), PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG75(1), HUDEC & VAŠATKO (1971) LG24(2), DAMJANOV & I. LIKHAREV (1975) KG61(1), CLAUSS (1977) LG24(2), LG03(3, 4), LG02(4), LG01(3, 4), LG11, LG01-LG11, KÖRNIG (1983) LG23(3), GM45(1), LG03(1), LG24(1), HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993) - “Rhodopes Mountain”, IRIKOV A. (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25- LG34. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Chepelarska River Valley (between Narechenski Bani Mountain Resort and Hvoyna Village), LG03-LG14-LG24, 2000-2004, leg. A. Irikov.
Gastropoda · · · ·
771
Kuklen Village, LG15(2), 2000-2004, leg. A. Irikov. Chudni Mostove Rock Bridges area, KG93(1), 2001, 2002, leg. A. Irikov. Mogilitsa Village, LG09, V.2000, leg. A. Irikov. Teshel Village, KG71(1), Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley KG71, KG72, Buynovska River Gorge, KG71(3), 2000-2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Zabardo Village, LG02-KG92, 24.V.2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Golyam Perelik Summit, KG90, 12.VI.2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Belitsa Village, Belitsa River Valley, LG23(3), 23.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · between Hvoyna Village and Chepelare, Radyuva Planina Ridge, below Dragiitsa Summit, east of Chepelarska River Valley, LG13(1), on rocks, 10.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · slopes of Radyuva Planina Ridge, near Sinite Hancheta place, LG13-LG03, 10.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · between Hrabrino Village and Dedovo Village, LG05(2), 06.XI.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Rudozem, LF29, 05.V.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · Bistritsa River Valley, 5 km off the flow of Mesta River, GM40, 24.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · between Beslen Village and Slashten Village, near Mesta River, GL49-KF59, 26.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · Ruen Village, LG15(3), leg. D. Betchev. · Tsarkvata area, KG82(3), 2004, leg. N. Vutova. · Velingrad, Kleptuza Lake, GM45(2), 08.IX.2003, leg. K. Kirov. · Chairski Lakes, a road to the lakes from Trigrad Village, KG80(2), near a bridge, on rocks, 29.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, I. Mollov, K. Kirov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered from 200-300 m a.s.l. at Asenovgrad and Kuklen Village up to the highest altutude in the Rhodopes – Golyam Perelik Summit at 2191 m a.s.l. This locality is the highest place where this species is found in Bulgaria. Ecological data: It inhabits limestones and prefers open herbarous habitats, but often it can be found in bushes and rarely in oak and pine forests. Drought-resistant, capable of surviving big and continuous dry periods. Xerophilic, thermophilic, drought-resistant (IRIKOV A. 2002), eurythermic and euryhygrobiontic species. Taxonomical data: HUDEC & VAŠATKO (1971), as well as KÖRNIG (1983) reported Zebrina detrita inflata (Kobelt) from the area of Bachkovo Village and the Chepelarska River Valley. All anatomically studied by us specimens from this region undoubtedly belong to the nominant taxa. They are characterized by great variability in the form, size and the color of the shell and some minor variations in the structure of the genital system. Zebrina detrita inflata is more likely a high mountain ecological form of the species rather than a different taxon. Zoogeography: Holosubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex.
772
A. IRIKOV, I. MOLLOV
23. Chondrus zebra tantalus (Pfeiffer, 1868) Brephulus olympicus tantalus: WAGNER A., 1927: 310. Chondrus zebra tantalus: PINTER L., 1968: 212; URBAŃSKI, 1971: 255. Chondrus (Chondrus) zebra tantalus: PINTER I. & L. PINTER 1970: 92. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): WAGNER A. (1927) LG23(3), PINTER L. (1968) KG93(1), LG14-LG24-LG25(2), LG24(2), URBAŃSKI (1969) KG93(1), PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG93(1), URBAŃSKI (1971) KG81(1), HUDEC VAŠATKO (1971) LG24(2), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) LG25(1), KG82(1), KG93(3), CLAUSS (1977) LG24(1), LG03(3,4), KG93(1), KÖRNIG (1983) LG03(1), LG13(2), LG23(4), HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993) LG25(1), KG82(1), KG93(3), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25- LG34. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Chepelarska River Valley (between Narechenski Bani Mountain Resort and Hvoyna Village), LG03-LG04-LG14, 2001, 2002, leg. A. Irikov. · Trigrad Village, KG80(1), between Devin and Grohotno Village, KG82(4), Buynovska River Gorge, KG71(3), 2001, 2002, leg. A. Irikov. · Radyuva Planina Ridge, Dragiitsa Summit, LG13(1), 10.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Chepelarska River Valley (from Hvoyna Village to Sinite Hancheta area, slopes of Radyuva Planina Ridge), LG13-LG03, 2001, 2002, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Devin, Tsarkvata area, KG82(3), 2004, leg. N. Vutova. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered from 200-300 m a.s.l. at Asenovgrad up to 2000 m a.s.l. at Persenk Summit. This locality is the highest place where this species is found in Bulgaria. Ecological data: It inhabits exclusively limestones, but prefers open herbaceous habitats with bush vegetation. Drought-resistant, capable of surviving big and continuous dry periods. Xerophilic, thermophilic, drought-resistant, distributed in heterozonal mountain sites (IRIKOV A., 2002), eurythermic and euryhygrobiontic species. Zoogeography: Euxinian subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. Chondrulinae 24. Chondrula (Chondrula) tridens (Müller, 1774) Chondrula tridens PINTER I. & L. PINTER, 1970: 88. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG75(1), KÖRNIG (1983) GM45(1), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34 (only in the area of Chervenata Skala Summit – LG24). Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered at 500 m a.s.l. at Peshtera, 800 m a.s.l. at Velingrad and up to about 1000 m a.s.l. at Chervenata Skala Summit at Dobrostan Ridge. Ecological data: In the Dobrostan Ridge few specimens are found in herbaceous habitats with scarce scrub vegetation under xerothermic conditions. Xerophilic, thermophilic, drought-resistant, distributed in heterozonal mountain sites (IRIKOV, 2002). Zoogeography: Mid European element, European faunistic complex.
Gastropoda
773
25. Chondrula (Chondrula) microtragus microtragus (Rossmässler, 1839) Chondrula microtraga: PINTER, 1968: 218; CLAUSS, 1977: 308. Chondrula microtraga microtraga: KÖRNIG, 1983: 32; IRIKOV, 2002: 94. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): PINTER L. (1968) LG24LG25(1), LG24(2), CLAUSS (1977) LG03(3,4), KÖRNIG (1983) LG03(1), LG24(1), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Chepelarska River Valley (from Bachkovo Village to Hvoyna Village), LG24-LG14LG03, 2000-2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Trigrad Village, KG80(1), 2001, 2002, leg. A.Irikov. · Chudnite Mostove Rock Bridges area, KG93(1), VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Radyuva Planina Ridge, Dragiitsa Summit, LG13(1), 10.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Chepelarska River Valley (from Hvoyna Village to Sinite Hancheta area, slopes of Radyuva Planina Ridge), LG13-LG03, 10.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Bistritsa River Valley, 5 km off the flow of Mesta River, GM40, 24.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · Tsarkvata area, KG82(3), 2004, leg. N. Vutova. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered at 500 m a.s.l. at Peshtera, 800 m a.s.l. at Velingrad and up to about 1000 m a.s.l. at Chervenata Skala Summit at Dobrostan Ridge. Ecological data: In the Dobrostan Ridge few specimens are found in herbaceous habitats with scarce scrub vegetation under xerothermic conditions. Xerophilic, thermophilic, drought-resistant, distributed in heterozonal mountain sites (IRIKOV, 2002). Zoogeography: Mid European element, European faunistic complex. 26. Chondrula (Eubrephulus) bicallosa (L. Pfeiffer, 1847) Eubrephulus bicallosus: Irikov, 1999:30; 2002: 94. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): IRIKOV (1999) LG24(1), IRIKOV (2002) LG24(1). Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered only in one locality – Bachkovo Village, an area at about 700 m a.s.l. Ecological data: The species is found “within a hornbeam formation in soil furrows dug up by the rain on a steep slope of south-western layout with xerothermic conditions” (IRIKOV, 1999). Xerophilic, thermophilic (IRIKOV, 2002), drought-resistant. Zoogeography: Asia Minor subelement, Subiranian element, Southwestern Asiatic faunistic complex. 27. Mastus pupa (Linnaeus, 1758) Chondrula (Mastus) pupa: PINTER L., 1968: 213. Mastus pupa: KÖRNIG, 1983: 33. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): PINTER L. (1968) LG24(2), LG14-LG24-LG25(2), CLAUSS (1977) LG01(3,4), LG03(3), LG02(4), LG11, LG12, KÖRNIG (1983) LG00(1), LG24(1). New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1):
774
A. IRIKOV, I. MOLLOV
· · ·
Dobrostan Ridge, Slivov Dol Ravine, LG24(3), 2001-2003, leg. A. Irikov. Belitsa Village, Belitsa River Valley, KG23(3), 28.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. between Mostovo Village and Sini Vrah Village LG33(1), 01.V.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Bistritsa River Valley, 5 km off the flow of Mesta River GM40, 24.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered at 400 m a.s.l. in the area of Bachkovo Village up to about 1600 m a.s.l. near Pamporovo Mountain Resort. Ecological data: It inhabits diverse forest and pen habitats with mesophilic conditions. Taxonomical data: At present this species is defined as M. pupa although the morphology of the shells differs from the typical form. PINTER L. (1968) and CLAUSS (1977) found M. pupa in the Rhodopes Mountain and they registered it with reservations as a form of M. pupa ssp. KÖRNIG (1983) found empty shells of Mastus species, which differs from Mastus rossmaessleri (L. PFEIFFER, 1846), at Smolyan and Bachkovo Village. The size is smaller - h=10,5-12,7 mm, b=4,5-5,1 mm. The one angular hump is undeveloped. The shell is olive-brown colored. The upper surface as a rule is with much clearer fine ribs with visible spiral lines. More anatomical studies on this species are needed in the future. Zoogeography: Eastmediterranean element, Mediterranean faunistic complex. Cochlicopidae Pilsbry, 1900 28. () Cochlicopa lubrica (Müller, 1774) Published for the Western Rhodopes in the present study. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Lepenitsa River Valley, GM45-KG54, 22.VIII.2004, leg. D.Georgiev. Vertical distribution: The locality, where the species was found in the Western Rhodopes is at 1041 m a.s.l. Ecological data: Insufficient. Zoogeography: Holarctic element, Siberian faunistic complex. 29. Cochlicopa lubricella (Porro, 1838) Cochlicopa lubricella: PINTER L., 1968: 218. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): PINTER L. (1968) LG14LG24-LG25(2), URBAŃSKI (1969) LG00(2), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG25(3), KÖRNIG (1983) LG00(1), IRIKOV (1999) LG23(1), LG24(3), IRIKOV A. & T. IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25- LG34. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Belitsa Village, Belitsa River Valley, LG23(3), 28.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley KG71, KG72, 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, I. Mollov, K. Kirov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered from 300 m a.s.l. at Asenovgrad up to about 1000 m a.s.l. at the area of Smolyan. Ecological data: In Dobrostan Ridge the species is registered in diverse hygro- and mesohygrothermic sites, but also in xerothermic biotopes with microsites of mesohygrothermic microclimatic conditions. The species prefers high humidity and it
Gastropoda
775
is most numerous in the leaf cover of beech formations as well as in shady rocks overgrown with moss and Haberlea rhodopaensis FRIV. (IRIKOV, 1999). Mesohygrophilic, cool-loving and cold-resistant species (IRIKOV, 2002). Zoogeography: Holarctic element, Siberian faunistic complex. Clausiliidae Serrulininae # Serrulina serrulata (Pfeiffer, 1847) The species was first reported for Bulgaria by HESSE (1913) from the surroundings of Plovdiv. URBAŃSKI (1960c) suggested that the species was most likely to be found in the middle parts of the Rhodopes Mountain and on the map of Bulgaria he pointed at the locality of Chepelarska River near Bachkovo Village. Later studies of the same and many other authors showed that this species does not occur in the Rhodopes Mountain. Alopiinae 30. () () Carinigera (Carinigera) buresi buresi (A.J. Wagner, 1927) New taxon for the Bulgarian fauna. Locality (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · The valley of Bistritsa River 5 km off its flow into Mesta River, GM40, within rocks at about 500 m a.s.l., 24.08.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes it is registered at about 500 m a.s.l. in the limestone valley of Bistritsa River. This is the most northern locality of the species distribution. Ecological data: The data concerning the ecological characteristics of the species is insufficient. It is known that this species is extremely calcareous and probably very drought-resistant. Endemism: Endemic taxon for the Balkan Peninsula, which is found in Northeastern Greece and in Bulgaria. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. 31. () () Carinigera (Carinigera) buresi dramaensis Nordsieck, 1977 New taxon for the Bulgarian fauna. Locality (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): Due to a damaged label of the collected sample, the exact locality of this species cannot be named, so it is written as a wider region, namely Trigradski Karst. · Trigradski Karst area, 25.05.1998, leg. À. Irikov. Endemism: Endemic taxon for the Balkan Peninsula, distributed in Northeastern Greece and in Bulgaria, where it was found for the first time only in the area of Trigradski Karst in the Western Rhodopes. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex.
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A. IRIKOV, I. MOLLOV
32. Cochlodina laminata laminata (Montagu, 1803) Cochlodina laminata: CLAUSS, 1977: 309. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): CLAUSS Å. (1977) LG01(3), IRIKOV (2002, 2003) LG23-LG24-LG25- LG34, LG23(1), IRIKOV (2006-in press) LG02LG03-LG14-LG24-LG25. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Trigrad Village, KG80(1), Teshel Village KG71(1), Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley KG71, KG72, Buynovska River Valley, KG71(3), 2001, 2002, leg. A. Irikov; Teshel Village, near Orpheus hotel-restaurant, KG71(1), 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Hvoyna Village, LG03(1), VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Chudnite Mostove Rock Bridges area, KG93(1), VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Chairski Lakes, valley of the lakes, KG80(2), leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Dedovo Village, east of the village, Tamrashka River Valley, LG05(1), · Trigrad Village, Prestoi Summit (=Dur-Daa) KG81(3), slope of the hill, coniferous forest, under stones and moss, 29.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, I. Mollov, K. Kirov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered from 600 m a.s.l. at Mostovska Sushitsa River up to about 1600 m a.s.l. in the area of Pamporovo Mountain Resort. Ecological data: In Dobrostan Ridge the species is established on rocks and in the leaf cover of different hygro- and mesohygrothermic sites, but rarely it can be found in xerothermic biotopes and microsites, under mesohygrothermic microclimatic conditions. It prefers high humidity and it is most numerous on shady rocks covered with moss and Haberlea rhodopaensis FRIV. Mesophilic, mesothermic species (IRIKOV, 2002), calcereous. Zoogeography: Mid European element, European faunistic complex. Marginata – genus group 33. Macedonica marginata (Rossmässler, 1835) Clausilia (Clausiliastra) marginata var. auriformis: WOLBEREDT, 1911:204-205. Macedonica (Serbica) marginata major: URBAŃSKI, 1960b: 81; 1960c: 127; HUDEC & VAŠATKO, 1971: 8. Macedonica marginata major: URBAŃSKI, 1964: 27; RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI, 1964: 77; PINTER L., 1968: 219; SAJO, 1968: 453; DAMJANOV & PINTER L., 1969: 36, 38; CLAUSS, 1977: 308. Serbica marginata frivaldskyana: URBAŃSKI, 1969: 227. Serbica marginata subsp.: URBAŃSKI, 1969: 228. Serbica marginata: URBAŃSKI, 1969: 228; 1971: 255. Macedonica marginata: NORDSIECK, 1974: 140; CLAUSS, 1977: 308; KÖRNIG, 1983: 33; IRIKOV A. & T. IRIKOVA, 2000: 422; IRIKOV, 2002: 94; 2003: 144. Macedonica sp.: IRIKOV, 2002: 94. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): WOHLBEREDT (1911) LG25(2), URBAŃSKI (1960b,c, 1964) LG25(2), RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI (1964) LG25(2),
Gastropoda
777
PINTER L. (1968) LG14-LG24-LG25(2), LG24(2) KG93(1), SAJO (1968) LG14-LG24LG25(1), KG93(1), URBAŃSKI (1969) KG80(2), LG00(2), KG93(1), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG24(4), LG25(3), HUDEC & VAŠATKO (1971) LG24(2), URBAŃSKI (1971) KG81(1), NORDSIECK (1974) KG95(2), CLAUSS (1977) LG24(1), LG03(4), KG93(1), LG01(3,4), LG01-LG11, LG11, KÖRNIG (1983) LG13(2), LG23(4), LG24(1), IRIKOV A. & T. IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV (2002, 2003) LG23-LG24-LG25LG34, IRIKOV (2003) LG23(1), IRIKOV (2006-in press) LG02-LG03-LG14-LG24-LG25. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Chepelarska River Valley (from Narechenski Bani Mountain Resort to Hvoyna Village), LG03-LG04-LG14, 2000-2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Oreshitsa River Valley (from Hvoyna Village to Orehovo Village), LG03(3), 20002004, leg. A. Irikov. · from Hvoyna Village to Bjala Cherkva Hut, LG03(1), LG04(1), 2000-2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Trigrad Village, KG80(1), Teshel Village, KG71(1), Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley KG71, KG72, Buynovska Reka River Gorge, KG71(3), 2001, 2002, leg. A. Irikov. · Grueva Bichkiya area, southeast of Zabardo Village, LG02(6), under logs, 24.V.2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Belitsa Village, Belitsa River Valley, LG23(3), 23.VIII.2003, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · below Dragiitsa Summit, Chepelarska River Valley, (between Hvoyna Village and Chepelare), LG13(1), 10.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Smolyan, 5-km west of the town, LG00(3), leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Teshel Village, near Orpheus hotel-restaurant, KG71(1), 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Shiroka Laka Village, KG91(1), 28.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley, KG71, KG72, 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, I. Mollov, K. Kirov. · between Mostovo Village and Sini Vrah Village, LG33(1), 01.V.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Ravnogor Village, near a cave hole, KG84, 27.III.2004, leg. D. Georgiev, S. Stoicheva. · Galabovo Village, LG15(1), 18.V.2004, leg. D. Betchev. · between Dolnoslav Village and Gornoslav Village, LG34, small waterfall, open terrain, on rocks, under moss, 01.V.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, I. Mollov, K. Kirov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered from 300 m a.s.l. at Asenovgrad up to about 1600 m a.s.l. in the area of Chudni Mostove Rock Bridges. Ecological data: In Dobrostan Ridge the species is recorded mostly in various rock habitats and microsites, but it can also be found in the leaf cover of beech and rarely oak forests. Mesophilic, mesothermic (IRIKOV, 2002), calcereous species. Taxonomical data: For the Western Rhodopes two subspecies were recorded - M. marginata major (Rossmässler, 1835) and M. marginata frivaldskyana (Rossmässler, 1835), which are considered as different ecological forms by DAMYANOV & LIKHAREV (1975). According to DEDOV (1998) M. marginata major is of unclear systematic status and probably it is only a form of M. marginata and M. marginata frivaldskyana is a subspecies, which is clearly different from the other forms by its ribbed shell.
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A. IRIKOV, I. MOLLOV
After additional conchiological and anatomical studies of large number of material from various areas in the Western Rhodopes, we think that the major form doesn’t have enough significant differences from the nominant form so it can’t be categorized as a separate taxon. We support the opinion of DAMYANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) that this is only an ecological form of the species. As for frivaldskyana, which is reported for the Chudnite Mostove Rock Bridges area by URBAŃSKI (1969) and for the Rhodopes Mountain by NORDSIECK (1972), we have a large number of material from various areas of the Western Rhodopes with ribed shell in different stages, which are similar to frivaldskyana. All of them are not identical with frivaldskiana from Vihren Summit in Pirin Mountain. They don’t have any geographical isolation with the nominant form and it is our opinion that they belong to only one specific ecological form. However, there are more future studies needed, including DNA tests for the complete clarifying of the great polymorphicity of M. marginata in this part of its areal. According to IRIKOV (2006-in press) Macedonica teodorae n. sp. from Kamaka Summit near Zabardo Village is very similar to frivaldskyana in its exterior and we assume that it is very possible that in the past there had been specimens with ribs wrongfully identified only by their shell and with no additional anatomical study. According to the same author the Western Rhodopes can be considered as one region rich in Macedonica taxa and also as a significant center for formation of Macedonica forms. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. 34. () Macedonica brabeneci Nordsieck, 1977 Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): NORDSIECK (1977), LG00(1), KÖRNIG (1983) LG00(1), HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993) LG00(1), DEDOV (1998) LG00(1). Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered at 1000 m a.s.l. in the area of Smolyan where it was first found and it is the only known locality so far. Ecological data: Insufficient. Taxonomical data: Due to the great conchiological similarity of Macedonica brabeneci and Macedonica marginata we think that there are more future DNA studies needed for the certain differentiation of M. brabeneci and proving its taxonomical independence. Endemism: Bulgarian endemic taxon, which is registered only in the Western Rhodopes in the area of Smolyn. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. 35. () Macedonica hartmuti Irikov, 2003 Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): IRIKOV (2003) LG23(2). Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes M. hartmuti is registered at 1300 m a.s.l. at the Dobrostan Ridge. This is the only known locality so far, where the species was first described. Ecological data: It inhabits limestones with south exposition. According to IRIKOV A. (2003): “The animals inhabit smooth vertical cliffs with scarce herbaceous vegetation and small cracks in the rocks together with Laciniaria macilenta (Rossmässler) and Bulgarica bulgariensis
Gastropoda
779
(L. Pfeiffer). The limestones are with south exposition and are characterized by xerothermix conditions. The cliffs are smooth and vertical and they don’t hold any snow during the winter and that is why sometimes the animals are active during this season”. Xeromesophilic, thermophilic, drought-resistant, petrophilic, calcareous species. Endemism: Bulgarian endemic taxon, which so far has been registered only in the Western Rhodopes, in a small area in the Dobrostan Ridge. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. 36. () Macedonica teodorae Irikov (2006-in press) Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): IRIKOV (2006-in press) LG03(7). Vertical distribution: M. teodorae is described from the Western Rhodopes from the area of Kamaka Summit near Zabardo Village. Ecological data: According to IRIKOV (2006-in press): “The species is met at 1600 m a.s.l. on limestones with south exposition. The animals inhabit more humid and shady parts of the rocks within Geranium sp., moss and deep cracks in the rocks. Within the other accompanying species clausilids it is a distinct dominant. This rock “island” is isolated from the near limestone massives by pinetree forests (Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, P. nigra, P excelsa) and mowed meadows and lawns. Unlike M. teodorae the whole accompanying clausiliid fauna can be found in other near limestones like the near rock massive “Chudni Mostove” Rock Bridges for example.” Endemism: Bulgarian endemic taxon, which is registered only in the Western Rhodopes in a small region near Zabardo Village. Mesophilic, mesothermic, drought-resistant. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. Macedonica – genus group 37. () Macedonica zilchi URBAŃSKI, 1971 Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI (1971) KG80(1), NORDSIECK (1973) KG80(1), KG80-KG81-KG82, KG95(2), HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993) KG80(1), DEDOV (1998) KG80(1). Vertical distibution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered at 1200 m at Trigrad Village. NORDSIECK (1973) reported it for the valley of Krichim Village, but this report is false. This species has very limited distribution only in a small region in Trigradski Karst area, which may be the result of very specific food specialization with few species of lichen and fungus with local distribution. Ecological data: Petrophilic and calcareous species, prefers humid and shady rocks. Mesophilic, cool-loving, relatively cold-resistant. Endemism: Bulgarian endemic taxon, which so far was registered only in the Western Rhodopes in the area of Trigrad Village. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex.
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# Euxina pontica borisi (Hesse, 1912) This species was described by HESSE (1912) from the surroundings of Plovdiv with the name Clausilia (Wagneria) borisi. The mentioned species, however, has never been found in that locality again. URBAŃSKI (1960c) suggested that it was possible for the species occur in the north parts of the Central Rhodopes as he wrote “For the distribution of this species is know even less than the one of E. paulhessei. So far I know only one locality from Southeast Bulgaria”. This taxon is known from Strandja Mountain and we suppose that HESSE wrongfully mentioned this locality due to a confusion. # Euxina persica paulhessei (Lindholm, 1925) This species was reported by HESSE (1912) from the surroundings of Plovdiv, but URBAŃSKI (1960c) suggested that it occurred in the northern parts of the Northern Rhodopes. Like with the previous species we think that there has been a mistake concerning the locality of this taxon, because it occurs only in Strandja Mountain. 38. () Micridyla pinteri (Nordsieck, 1973) Idyla sp.: PINTER L., 1968: 219. Idyla sp. nov.: SAJO, 1968: 453. Idyla (Micridyla) pinteri: NORDSIECK, 1973: 181; URBAŃSKI, 1977: 246. Idyla pinteri: CLAUSS, 1977: 309; HUBENOV, 1993: 179. Micridyla pinteri: DEDOV, 1998: 752. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): PINTER L. (1968) KG93(1), SAJO (1968) KG93(1), NORDSIECK (1973) KG93(1), URBAŃSKI (1977) KG82(1), KG61 (1), CLAUSS (1977) LG01(4), LG11, HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993) KG61, KG93(2), DEDOV (1998) KG61, KG93(2), IRIKOV (2006-in press) LG03(7), KG93(1). New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Ravnogor, KG84, near a cave hole, 27.III.2004, leg. D. Georgiev, S. Stoicheva. Vertical distibution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 600 m at Devin and 1700 m a.s.l. in the aea of Studenets Hut. Ecological data: Petrophilic and calcereous species. Prefers humid and shady limestones. Mesophilic, cool-loving, relatively cold-resistant. Endemism: Bulgarian endemic taxon, known only from the Western Rhodopes. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. 39. Laciniaria plicata plicata (Draparnaud, 1801) Alinda plicata var. pupila: WOHBEREDT, 1911: 206. Alinda plicata forma implicata: WOHBEREDT, 1911: 207. Laciniaria plicata: PINTER L., 1968: 219; DAMJANOV & L. PINTER, 1969: 36. Laciniaria (Laciniaria) plicata: SAJO, 1968: 453. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): WOHLBEREDT (1911) LG25(1), PINTER L. (1968) LG24(2), SAJO (1968) LG24(2), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG24(4), URBAŃSKI (1971) KG81(1), KÖRNIG (1983) LG24(1), IRIKOV A. & T. IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV (2002, 2003) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34, IRIKOV (2006-in press) LG02-LG03-LG14-LG24-LG25.
Gastropoda
781
New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Trigrad Village, KG80(1), Teshel Village, KG71(1), Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley, KG71, KG72, Buynovska River Gorge, KG71(3), 2001, 2002, leg. A. Irikov; Prestoi Summit (Dur-Daa), north of Trigrad Village, KG81(3), 17.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova; Trigrad Village, near Dyavolskoto Garlo Cave, KG81(2), 28.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Belitsa Village, Belitsa River Valley, LG23(3), 23.VIII.2003, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Smolyan, Sredorek quarter, Cherna River Valley, 5 km west of the town LG00(3), leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Shiroka Laka Village, KG91(1), in open terrain, on rocks, 28.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, I. Mollov, K. Kirov. · Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley, KG71, KG72, 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, I. Mollov, K. Kirov. · Chairski Lakes, KG80(2), 29.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, I. Mollov, K. Kirov. · between Mostovo Village and Sini Vrah Village, LG33(1), 01.V.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Chepelare, bank of Chepelarska River near a bus station, LG02(3), under stones, 01.V.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Lepenitsa River Valley, GM45-KG54, 22.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · Ravnogor, KG84, near a cave hole, 27.III.2004, leg. D. Georgiev, S. Stoicheva. · Dedovo Village, LG05(1), east of the village, Tamrashka River Valley, in beech and oak forest, 02.V.2003, leg. I. Mollov. · Velingrad, Kleptuza Lake, GM45(2), 08.IX.2003, leg. Kirov. · between Dolnoslav Village and Gornoslav Village, LG34, near a small waterfall, in open terrain, on rocks, under moss, 484m a.s.l., 01.V.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, I. Mollov, K. Kirov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 300 m a.s.l. at Asenovgrad and 1700 m a.s.l. in the area of Dur-Daa Summit, north of Trigrad Village. Ecological data: Due to its polyvalence this is one of the widest spread species of the Clausiliidae family. It can be found within rocks as well as in the leaf cover of forest habitats. Mesophilic, mesothermic, eurythermic and euryhygrobiontic species. Taxonomical data: Conchiologically this species is very variable and in the whole country as well as the Western Rhodopes there are a lot of forms different in size, ecology and vertical distribution, which however don’t have any taxonomical significance, except for Laciniaria plicata kueprijae Nordsieck, 1973. Zoogeography: Mid European element, European faunistic complex. 40. () Laciniaria plicata kueprijae Nordsieck, 1973 Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): NORDSIECK (1973) KG93(1), CLAUSS (1977) LG00(1), LG01(3,4), KG93(1), LG01-LG11, LG11, KÖRNIG (1983) LG23(4). Vertical distibution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 900 m at Mostovo Village and 1700 m a.s.l. at Studenets Hut in Pamporovo Mountain Resort. Ecological data: Petrophilic and calcareous species, which prefers humid and shady rocks with lower temperatures high in the mountain. Mesohygrophilic, cool-loving, cold-resistant.
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Taxonomic data: This species is clearly discernable from the nominant species because of its ribed shell with relatively big, less in number, and wider placed ribs and its specific color. Endemism: Bulgarian endemic taxon, known from only few localities in the Western Rhodopes. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. 41. () Laciniaria (Rhodopiela) macilenta (Rossmässler, 1842) Clausilia (Micropontica) despotina: HESSE, 1912: 61. Alinda (Alinda) despotina: WAGNER, 1927: 354. Laciniaria (Laciniaria) macilenta: URBAŃSKI, 1960b: 81, 1960c: 125; RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI, 1964: 77; SAJO, 1968: 453; HUDEC & VAŠATKO, 1971: 8; DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 202. Laciniaria macilenta: URBAŃSKI, 1964: 27; PINTER, 1968: 219; DAMJANOV & L. PINTER, 1969: 36, 38; CLAUSS, 1977: 309. Laciniaria (Rhodopiela) macilenta: NORDSIECK, 1973: 188. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): HESSE (1912) LG22-LG23, WAGNER (1927) LG22-LG23, URBAŃSKI (1960b, 1964) LG25(2), URBAŃSKI (1960c) LG14-LG24-LG25(2), LG22-LG23-LG32, KG61(1), RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI (1964) LG25(2), PINTER L. (1968) LG14-LG24-LG25(2), LG24(2), SAJO (1968) LG14-LG24-LG25(2), LG24(2), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG24(4), LG25(3), HUDEC & VAŠATKO (1971) LG24(2), NORDSIECK (1973) (Rhodopes Mountain), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) LG14-LG24-LG25(2), CLAUSS (1977) LG24(1), KÖRNIG (1983) LG24(1), LG23(4), HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993) LG14-LG24-LG25(2), IRIKOV A. & T. IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV (2002, 2003) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34, IRIKOV (2003) LG23(1), IRIKOV (2006-in press) LG02-LG03-LG14-LG24-LG25. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Hvoyna Village, LG03(1), V.2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Chudnite Mostove Rock Bridges area, KG93(1), 29.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · between Mostovo Village and Sini Vrah Village, LG33(1), 01.V.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · between Dolnoslav Village and Gornoslav Village, LG(34), small waterfall, in open terrain, on rocks, under moss, 01.V.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, I. Mollov, K. Kirov. Vertical distibution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 300 m at Asenovgrad and 1600 m a.s.l. in the Chudnite Mostove Rock Bridges area. Ecological data: Petrophilic and calcareous species, which inhabits rock habitats with xerothermic conditions as well as places with high humidity and shade. Endemism: Bulgarian endemic taxon, which is known from only few localities in the Western Rhodopes. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. 42. () Laciniaria bajula bajula (A. Schmidt, 1968) Pseudalinda (Pseudalinda) rhodoparum: URBAŃSKI, 1960b: 100; 1960c: 128; RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI, 1964: 77.
Gastropoda
783
Pseudalinda rhodoparum: URBAŃSKI, 1964: 26; DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 214; HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993): 180. Laciniaria bajula: URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR, 1968: 56; KÖRNIG, 1983: 33. Pseudalinda bajula: NORDSIECK, 1973: 189; DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 216; HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993): 180. Bulgarica bajula: HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993): 179. Laciniaria bajula bajula: IRIKOV A., T. IRIKOVA: 422. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI (1960b,c, 1964) LG24(2), URBAŃSKI (1960c) LG24(1), RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI (1964) LG24(1), URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR (1968) LG24(2), NORDSIECK (1973) LG24(1), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) LG24(2) and “northeastern slopes of the Central Rhodopes”; KÖRNIG (1983) LG24(1), HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993) LG24(1,2), IRIKOV A. & T. IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV (2002, 2003) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34), IRIKOV (2006-in press) LG02-LG03-LG14-LG24-LG25. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Dragiitsa Summit, LG13(1), below the peak, between Hvoyna Village and Chepelare, on limestones, 10.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Hvoyna Village, LG03(1), Chepelarska River Valley, on rocks, IX.2002, leg. E. Tilova. Vertical distibution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 400 m at Bachkovo and 1300 m a.s.l. at Dragiitsa Summit, between Chepelare and Radyuva Mountain. Ecological data: According to IRIKOV (2002) this species is mesophilic and mesothermic, but it also could be characterized as mesohygrophilic. Despite the other species from the Clausiliidae family, this species is not a petrophile and it can be found more often in the leaf cover of humid broad-leaved forests than on limestones. Taxonomical data: The nominant species differs from the other two subspecies known from the Western Rhodopes. Endemism: Bulgarian endemic taxon, which can be found only in limited regions in the Western Rhodopes. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. 43. () Laciniaria bajula lunella Nordsieck, 1973 Pseudalinda bajula lunella: NORDSIECK, 1973: 189. Laciniaria bajula lunella: DEDOV, 1998: 752. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): NORDSIECK (1973) KG93(1), DEDOV (1998) KG93(1), IRIKOV (2006-in press) LG03(7), KG93(1). New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Trigrad Village, KG80(1), Teshel Village, KG71(1), Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley, KG71, KG72, 2001, 2002, leg. A. Irikov, 29-30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Trigrad Village, near Dyavolskoto Garlo Cave, KG81(2), 28.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Smolyan, Sredorek quarter,, Cherna River Valley, 5 km west of the town, LG00(3), 03.VII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova.
784
A. IRIKOV, I. MOLLOV
·
Kamaka Summit, LG03(7), 2 km northeast of Zabardo Village, 22.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Chairski Lakes, KG80(2), 29.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Chepelare, LG02(3), bank of Chepelarska River, near a bus station, under stones, 01.V.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Ravnogor Village, KG84, near a cave hole, 27.III.2004, leg. D. Georgiev, S. Stoicheva. Vertical distibution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 750 m at Teshel Village and 1600 m a.s.l. in the Chudni Mostove Rock Bridges area. Ecological data: Petrophilic, calcareous, which is distributed higher than the nominant subspecies. Inhabits humid and shady limestones. Mesohygrophilic, cool-loving, cold-resistant. Endemism: Bulgarian endemic taxon, which can be found only in limited regions in the Western Rhodopes. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. 44. () Laciniaria bajula mursalicae (URBAŃSKI, 1969) Pseudalinda (Pseudalinda) falax mursalicae: URBAŃSKI, 1969: 253. Pseudalinda mursalicae: URBAŃSKI, 1977: 247 Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI (1969) KG90, URBAŃSKI (1977) LG02(5), HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993) KG90, LG02(5). New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Ludi Dol Mountain Brook, GM43, right tributary of Chepinska River, south of Velingrad, 23.VIII.2004. leg. D. Georgiev. This subspecies is reported by URBAŃSKI (1969) from Golyam Perelik Summit, northwest of Smolyan in the Mursalishki Dyal portion (the taxon is named after the geographical region). There was, however, a mistake made by the author, namely that Golyam Perelik Summit is not located in the Mursalishki Dyal portion, but in the Perelishki Dyal portion of the Rhodopes Mountain. Despite our hard work we couldn’t locate L. bjula mursalicae in locus typicus. Having in mind that in the mentioned locality there aren’t any suitable habiatats (the whole area is with highmountain meadows on silicate base with small patches of pinetree forests), we think that it’s not likely that this species can be found here and there has been a mistake with the locality report. Vertical distribution: This subspecies inhabits relatively high altitudes in the Western Rhodopes – 1600 m a.s.l. in the area of Ludi Dol Mountain Brook, south of Velingrad up to 1850 m a.s.l. at Izgrev Hut, west of Chepelare. Ecological data: Insufficient. Taxonomical data: It is very possible that this taxon is actually only a high mountain form and to prove its taxonomical identity more future conchiological and anatomical studies are needed from more localities, as well as to determine the whole areal of the species. Endemism: Bulgarian endemic taxon, known only from two certain localities in the Western Rhodopes. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex.
Gastropoda
785
45. Balea (Alinda) biplicata (Montagu, 1803) Alinda biplicata v. maxima: WOHLBEREDT, 1911: 206. Alinda biplicata v. mihaudiana: WOHLBEREDT, 1911: 206; URBAŃSKI, 1960c: 122. Alinda distincta: WOHLBEREDT, 1911: 206. Alinda (Alinda) biplicata eupleuris: WAGNER A., 1927: 348. Laciniaria (Alinda) biplicata: URBAŃSKI, 1960a: 78; 1960b: 81, 100. Laciniaria (Alinda) biplicata subsp.?: URBAŃSKI, 1960c: 127, 130; 1969: 227. Laciniaria (Alinda) biplicata distincta: URBAŃSKI, 1964: 25. Laciniaria (Alinda) biplicata atanasovi: URBAŃSKI, 1964: 25-26. Laciniaria biplicata eupleuris: URBAŃSKI, 1964: 27. Laciniaria (Alinda) biplicata atanasovi: RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI, 1964: 77; URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR, 1968: 56. Laciniaria biplicata: PINTER L., 1968: 219; DAMJANOV & L. PINTER, 1969: 36, 38; CLAUSS, 1977: 309. Laciniaria (Laciniaria) biplicata: SAJO, 1968: 453. Laciniaria biplicata tenuispira: URBAŃSKI, 1969: 227, 269. Laciniaria biplicata atanasovi: HUDEC & VAŠATKO, 1971: 8. Laciniaria (Laciniaria) biplicata: DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 196. Laciniaria (Laciniaria) biplicata atanasovi: DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 198. Laciniaria (Laciniaria) biplicata eupleuris: DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 199. Alinda biplicata tenuispira: KÖRNIG, 1983: 33. Alinda biplicata atanasovi: KÖRNIG, 1983: 33. Balea (Alinda) biplicata: IRIKOV, 2002: 95. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): WOHLBEREDT (1911) LG25(1), WAGNER A. (1927) (“Dli-dere”? in the Rhodopes Mountain”), URBAŃSKI (1960a “Rhodopes Mountain”) URBAŃSKI (1960b,c) LG24(2), LG25(2), URBAŃSKI (1964) LG24(2), LG25(1,2), LG14-LG24-LG25(1), RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI (1964) LG24(2), LG25(2), URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR (1968) LG24(2), PINTER L. (1968) LG14-LG24-LG25(2), LG24(2), SAJO (1968) LG14-LG24-LG25(1), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG24(4), LG25(3), URBAŃSKI (1969) LG00(2), KG80(2), KG93(1), HUDEC & VAŠATKO (1971) LG24(2), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) LG14-LG24-LG25(2) (Rhodopes Mountain), CLAUSS (1977) LG24(1), KÖRNIG (1983) LG24(1), LG00(1), IRIKOV (2002, 2003) LG23-LG24LG25-LG34, IRIKOV (2006-in press) LG03(7), KG93(1), LG02-LG03-LG14-LG24-LG25. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Trigrad Village, KG80(1), Teshel Village, KG71(1), Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley KG71, KG72, Buynovska River Gorge, KG71(3), 2001, 2002, leg. A. Irikov; Prestoi Summit (Dur-Daa), north of Trigrad Village, KG80(3), 17.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova (B. b. tenuispira); Trigrad Village, KG80(1), coniferous forest, 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov (B. b. tenuispira); Trigrad Village, Dyavolskoto Garlo Cave, KG81(2), 28.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov; Teshel Village, near Orpheus hotel-restaurant KG71(1), 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov; Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley KG71, KG72, 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, I. Mollov, K. Kirov. · Zabardo Village, Kamaka Summit, 2 km norteast of the village, LG03(7), 02.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov.
786
A. IRIKOV, I. MOLLOV
·
Smoljan, Sredorek quarter, Cherna River Valley, 5 km west of the town, LG00(3), 03.VII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikiova (B. biplicata tenuispira). · Hrabrino Village, a river valley to Dedovo Village, LG05(2), 06.XI.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikiova (B. b. atanasovi). · Hrabrino Village, Pepelashka River Valley up to the village, LG05(4), 27.XI.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Shiroka Laka Village, KG91(1), 28.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · between Mostovo Village and Sini Vrah Village, LG33(1), 01.V.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Sini Vrah Village, LG33(2), 01.V.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Ravnogor Village, KG(84), Sveta Nedelja area, up to Bratzigovo, 27.III.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · Lepenitsa River Valley, GM45-KG54, 22.VIII.2004, leg. D.Georgiev. · Dedovo Village, LG05(1), east of the village, Tamrashka River Valley, beech and oak forest, 02.V.2003, leg. I. Mollov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 300 m a.s.l. at Asenovgrad and 1600 m a.s.l. in the Chudnite Mostove Rock Bridges area. Ecological data: This is one of the most common clausilids in the Western Rhodopes. It inhabits very diverse habitats and it can be found very often on limestones and in the leaf cover of broad-leaved and rarely in pine-tree forests. The species is considerably polyvalent, but it prefers habitats with moderate humidity and temperatures. Mesophilic and mesothermic species (IRIKOV, 2002). Taxonomical data: Conchiologically this species is extremely polymorphic and because of this there are several different forms described. The Western Rhodopes are one of the regions in Bulgaria where most variations are recorded. To clarify their systematic status more DNA studies must be done. Zoogeography: Mid European element, European faunistic complex. # Balea (Alinda) wagneri (A. Wagner, 1911) This taxon was described by A.J. Wagner (In: WOHLBEREDT, 1911) from Asenovgrad, however it has never been found there again. We think that there was a mistake with the species locality, in our opinion this species does not occur in the Western Rhodopes.
46. () Balea (Balea) perversa (Linnaeus, 1758) Published for the Western Rhodopes in the present study Localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Chudni Mostove Rock Bridges area, KG93(1), V.2002, 12.V.2005, leg. A. Irikov. · Kamaka Summit, LG03(7), 2 km northeast of Zabardo Village, 12.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Dedovo Village, east of the village, Tamrashka River Valley, LG05(1), in beech and oak forest, 02.V.2003, leg. I. Mollov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 900 m a.s.l. at Dedevo Village up to 1600 m a.s.l. in the Chudnite Mostove Rock Bridges area. The Western Rhodopes is one of the southeastern localities from the species areal. Ecological data: Insufficient. Zoogeography: Mid European element, European faunistic complex.
Gastropoda
787
47. () Vestia (Brabenecia) ranojevici ranojevici (Pavlovic, 1912) Pirostoma (Pirostoma) riloånsis: WAGNER A., 1927: 343. Pseudalinda (Vestia) riloånsis riloånsis: URBAŃSKI, 1960c: 135. Vestia (Brabenecia) ranojevici ranojevici: NORDSIECK, 1974: 159-160; URBAŃSKI, 1977: 250. Vestia riloensis: DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 217. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): WAGNER A. (1927) LG24(1), URBAŃSKI (1960c) LG24(1), NORDSIECK (1974) (“The Rhodopes Mountain is an inaccuarate locality of this species”), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) LG24(1), URBAŃSKI (1977) KG53, KG63, HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993) KG53, KG63. WAGNER (1927) first repoted this species for the Rhodopes Mountain – around the Bachkovski Monastery in the Chepelarska River Valley, south of Asenovgrad. URBAŃSKI (1960Ń) stated that in Bachkovo Village and around Bachkovski Monastery this species is either of very local distribution or it is very rare, because the author had collected many clausilid specimens from this place (in 1938, 1956 and 1958) but V. ranojevici was not among them. In 1977 the same author found one typical specimen in the area of Beglika Village in the Western Rhodopes. According to NORDSIECK (1974), the Rhodopes Mountain is an inaccurate locality for this species, as Pinter L. and himself had never found it there. During our long research we also did not find this species in the area of Bachkovski Monastery and in our opinion this species does not occur there. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Ludi Dol River Valley, GM43, right feed of Chepinska River, south of Velingrad, 23.08.2004. leg. D. Georgiev. So far this is the only certain locality of the species in the Rhododpes Mountain. Vertical distibution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered at 1600 m a.s.l. in the area of Ludi Dol River Valley, south of Velingrad. Ecological data: Incufficient. Zoogeography: South European mountainous subelement, European mountainous element, European faunistic complex. 48. () Bulgarica (Bulgarica) fraudigera (Rossmässler, 1839) Idyla fraudigera: WOHLBEREDT, 1911: 209. Idyla rugicolis var. rhodopaensis: WOHLBEREDT, 1911: 210; WAGNER A. (In: WOHLBEREDT, 1911): 210. Laciniaria (Bulgarica) fraudigera: URBAŃSKI, 1960c: 127; RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI, 1964: 77. Laciniaria fraudigera: URBAŃSKI, 1964: 27; PINTER L., 1968: 220; DAMJANOV & L. PINTER, 1969: 36, 38. Laciniaria (Idylopsina) fraudigera: SAJO, 1968: 452; HUDEC & VAŠATKO, 1971: 8. Laciniaria (Idylopsina) rugicolis rhodopaensis: URBAŃSKI, 1969: 242. Bulgarica (Bulgarica) fraudigera: NORDSIECK, 1973: 196; IRIKOV, 2002: 94. Laciniaria (Idylopsina) fraudigera: DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 208. Bulgarica fraudigera: CLAUSS, 1977: 309; KÖRNIG, 1983: 33; HUBENOV, 1993: 179. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): WOHLBEREDT (1911) LG25(1), URBAŃSKI (1960c, 1964) LG24(2), RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI (1964) LG24(1), PINTER L. (1968) LG14-LG24-LG25(2), LG24(2), SAJO (1968) LG14-LG24-LG25(2),
788
A. IRIKOV, I. MOLLOV
LG24(2), LG14(2), URBAŃSKI (1969) LG24(2), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG24(4), LG25(3), HUDEC & VAŠATKO (1971) LG24(2), NORDSIECK (1973) (“the lower part of the Chepelarska River Valley in the Central Rhodopes”), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) (“Northeastern Rhodopes in the Chepelarska River Valley”), CLAUSS (1977) LG03(3,4), KÖRNIG (1983) LG13-LG14, LG24(1), LG23(4), HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993) LG24(1), LG13(2), LG23(4), IRIKOV (2002, 2003) LG23-LG24LG25-LG34, IRIKOV (2003) LG23(1), LG02-LG03-LG14-LG24-LG25. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Hvoyna Village, LG03(1), 11.X.2001, leg. A. Irikov. · Belitsa Village, Belitsa River Valley, LG23(3), 23.VIII.2003, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · below Dragiitsa Summit, between Hvoyna Village and Chepelare, east of Chepelarska River Valley, LG03(7), 10.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 300 m a.s.l. at Asenovgrad up to 1300 m a.s.l. in the area of Summit “Dragiitsa” in Radyuva Mountain. Ecological data: This is an apetrophylous and calcareous species, which inhabits mostly open rocks, but also shady forest habitats. According to IRIKOV (2002) this species is “xerophilic, thermophilic, drought-resistant”. Endemism: Bulgarian endemic taxon, known from a small area from the Western Rhodopes. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. 49. () Bulgarica fritillaria (Frivaldsky, 1835) Strigillaria cana var. curta: WAGNER A. (In: WOHLBEREDT, 1911): 211. Laciniaria (Bulgarica) fritillaria: URBAŃSKI, 1960c: 130; RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI, 1964: 77; URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR, 1968: 56. Laciniaria fritillaria: URBAŃSKI, 1964: 26. Laciniaria (Strigilecula) cana curta: URBAŃSKI, 1969: 241. Bulgarica (Bulgarica) fritillaria: NORDSIECK, 1973: 196; URBAŃSKI, 1977: 248; IRIKOV, 2002: 95. Bulgarica fritillaria: KÖRNIG, 1983: 33. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): WOHLBEREDT (1911) KG57, URBAŃSKI (1960c, 1964) LG24(2), RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI (1964) LG25(1), URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR (1968) LG24(2), URBAŃSKI (1969) KG57, NORDSIECK (1973) KG57, LG24(1), URBAŃSKI (1977) (Central Rhodopes), KÖRNIG (1983) (“Central Rhodopes near Plovdiv”), IRIKOV (2002, 2003) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. Vertical distibution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 300 m at Belovo Village and 1400 m a.s.l. in the area of Chervenata Skala Summit in the Dobrostan Ridge. Ecological data: Insufficient. Endemism: Bulgarian endemic taxa, known from a few localities in the Rhodopes Mountain. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex.
Gastropoda
789
50. () Bulgarica (Bulgarica) bulgariensis bulgariensis (Keuster, 1861) Bulgarica (Bulgarica) intricata bulgarica: IRIKOV, 2002: 95. Bulgarica bulgariensis: IRIKOV, 2003:144. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24LG25-LG34, IRIKOV (2003) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34, LG23(1). Vertical distribution: So far in the Western Rhodopes this species has been registered only in the area of Mostovska Sushitsa River Valley between 600 m and 1300 m a.s.l. Ecological data: Inhabits limestones with south exposition with xerothermic conditions. During the summer and the winter the animals use the roots of herbaceous vegetation as shelter. According to IRIKOV (2003) sometimes there are active animals during the winter, because these rocks don’t hold any snow. A petrophilic, calcareous, thermophilic and xerophilic, drought-resistant species. Endemism: Bulgarian endemic taxon with a disjunctive areal, so far known from only few areas in North Bulgaria near Central Stara Planina Mountain and from the abovementioned locality in the Rhodopes Mountain. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. 51. Bulgarica (Denticularia) denticulata thessalonica (Olivier, 1801) Laciniaria (Denticularia) thessalonica: URBAŃSKI, 1960b: 81; 1960c: 127, 130. Laciniaria thessalonica: URBAŃSKI, 1964: 26; PINTER L., 1968: 220; DAMJANOV & L. PINTER, 1969: 36, 38. Laciniaria (Bulgarica) thessalonica: RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI, 1964: 77; URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR, 1968: 56; SAJO, 1968: 451; HUDEC & VAŠATKO, 1971: 8; DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 212. Bulgarica thessalonica: CLAUSS, 1977: 309; KÖRNIG, 1983: 35; HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993): 182. Bulgarica (Denticularia) thessalonica: IRIKOV, 2002: 95. Bulgarica denticulata thessalonica: IRIKOV, 2003: 144. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI (1960b,c), LG25(2), URBAŃSKI (1964) LG24(2), LG25(2), RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI (1964) LG24(2), LG25(2), URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR (1968) LG24(2), PINTER L. (1968) LG14-LG24-LG25(2), LG24(2), SAJO (1968) LG14-LG24-LG25(1), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG24(4), LG25(3), HUDEC & VAŠATKO (1971) LG24(4), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975 – “Rhodopes”), CLAUSS (1977) LG24(2), LG02(1,2,4), LG01(3,4), LG11, KÖRNIG (1983) LG00(1), LG24(1), HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993 – “Rhodopes”), IRIKOV (2002, 2003) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34, IRIKOV (2003) LG23(1), IRIKOV (2006-in press) KG93(1), LG03(7), LG02-LG03-LG14-LG24-LG25. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Chepelarska River Valley (from Narechenski Bani Mountain Resort to Hvoyna Village, LG03-LG04-LG14 and Pavelsko Village, LG03(4)), 2000-2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Oreshitsa River Valley (from Hvoyna Village to Orehovo Village) and road to Persenk Summit, LG03(3), 2000-2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Chudni Mostove Rock Bridges area, KG93(1), V.2002, leg. A. Irikov.
790
A. IRIKOV, I. MOLLOV
·
Trigrad Village, KG80(1), Teshel Village, KG71(1), Kastrakli reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley KG71, KG72, Buynovska River Gorge, KG71(3), V.2001, V.2002, leg. A. Irikov. · Kamaka Summit, 2 km norteast of Zabardo Village, 12.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova.; 22.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Belitsa Village, LG23(3), Belitsa River Valley, 28.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · between Hrabrino Village and Dedovo Village, a river valley, 06.XI.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova · between Mostovo Village and Sini Vrah Village, LG33(1), 01.V.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 300 m a.s.l. at Asenovgrad and 1600-1700 m a.s.l. in the area of Studenets Hut, but probably this species can be found at a higher altitude. Ecological data: This is one of the polyvalent species from the Clausiliidae family, which inhabits very diverse types of habitats. A specific ecological peculiarity of the species from this family is that they are all petrophilic and with few exceptions are calcereous. B. denticulata thessalonica, however can be found within limestones and silicate rocks. Often this species can be found in habitats without any rocks, in the leaf cover of different types of broadleaved forests and as a precedent in the leaf cover of pinetree forests with pH - 4,5. The wide distribution of this species in the Western Rhodopes is a result of its high tolerancå and big possibilities for adequate adaptive reaction against the environmental conditions. As a result the species can be found in habitats with high and low humidity as well as in low and high temperatures, but its distinguished peculiarity is its high drought-resistance. Polysubstrate, eurybiontic species. Taxonomical data: This species has some extraordinary conchiological polymorphism concerning its size, the form and the structure of the shell. One of the most distinguished characteristics of the species is the presence of multiple small plicas, placed on the parietal, the basal and the columelar part of the opening, but they could be missing in some specimens. Endemism: Endemic taxon for the Balkan Peninsula. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. Succineidae 52. Succinea oblonga Draparnaud, 1801 Succinea oblonga: IRIKOV, 2002: 95. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24LG25-LG34. This species is reported generally for the Dobrostan Ridge by IRIKOV A. (2002), but actually it was registered only at Bachkovo Village. Vertical distribution: The only known locality so far of this species in the Western Rhodopes is at 500 m a.s.l. The snails were found in the grass at high humidity near a wooden water trough. Mesohygrophilic, drought-resistant species (IRIKOV, 2002) cool-loving. Zoogeography: This species is characterized by IRIKOV (2002) as Mid European element, but we think that it is more accuarate to define it as: Transpalearctic subelement, Euroasiatic Palearctic element, Siberian faunistic complex.
Gastropoda
791
Ferussaciidae 53. Cecilioides acicula (Müller, 1774) Cecilioides acicula: IRIKOV A. & T. IRIKOVA, 2000: 422. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): IRIKOV A. & T. IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. This species is also reported for the Dobrostan Ridge by IRIKOV (2002), but actually it was registered only in the area of Slivov Dol near Bachkovo Village. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley KG71, KG72, 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, I. Mollov, K. Kirov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 500 m a.s.l. in the area of Slivov Dol in the Dobrostan Ridge and about 900 m a.s.l. at Kastrakli Reserve. Ecological data: According to IRIKOV (2002) this species is a mesohygrophilic, mesothermic and relatively cool-loving. Zoogeography: Mid European element, European faunistic complex. # Cecilioides jani (De Betta & Martinati, 1855) This species is reported by Damjanov & Likharev (1975) for the north part of the Rhodopes Mountain. As a result of our study and because of the absence of any other literary sources we think that this is an invalid taxon for the Rhodopes Mountain. # Cecilioides spelaeus (A. J. Wagner, 1914) This species is reported by Damjanov & Likharev (1975) for the Rhodopes Mountain, but like the previous species we think that this is an invalid taxon for the Rhodopes Mountain. Arionidae 54. Arion (Mesarion) subfuscus (Draparnaud, 1805) Arion (Mesarion) subfuscus: URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR, 1968: 50; WIKTOR, 1983: 86. Arion subfuscus: DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 243. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR (1968) GM45-KG54, KG90, HUDEC & VAŠATKO (1971) KG90, LG01(2), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975 - “The Western and Central Rhodopes”), WIKTOR (1983) LG01(2), LG04(2), LG14(1), KG93(1,3), LG00(1), KG64. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Orehovo Village, Katargi area, northeast of the village, LG04(4), coniferous forest, 31.VI. 2003, leg. A. Irikov. · Kastrakli reserve, Chakin Doll River Valley KG71, KG72, 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, I. Mollov, K. Kirov; Trigrad Village, KG80 (1), 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, I. Mollov, K. Kirov. · Chairski Lakes, KG80(2), 29.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, I. Mollov, K. Kirov. · Ludi Dol Mountain Brook area, GM43, Mechkina River Valley, between Velingrad and Dospat, 23.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · Yundola Mountain Resort, GM35, GM36, 24.VI.2004, leg. M. Kechev. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 500 m a.s.l. at Narechenski Bani Mountain Resort and 2191 m a.s.l. in the area of Golyam Perelik Summit.
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Eurythermic, euryhygrobiontic species. Zoogeography: Boreo-mountainous element, Northern Holarctic faunistic complex. 55. Arion (Carinarion) silvaticus Lohmander, 1937 Arion (Carinarion) silvaticus: WIKTOR, 1983: 90. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): WIKTOR (1983) KG64. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Lepenitsa River Valley, GM45-KG54, 22.VIII.2004, leg. D.Georgiev. · Barutin Village, KG60, Dospat River Valley, 27.VIII.2004, leg. D.Georgiev. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 900 m a.s.l. at Lepenitsa River Valley and 1100 m a.s.l. in the area of Batak Dam Lake. Unlike Arion subfuscus, this species is found in urban areas and in anthropogenic habitats (agricultural areas ect.), and it is a typical forest species. The habitats where this species is registered in the Western Rhodopes characterize this species as mesohygrophilic, cool-loving and relatively cold-resistant. Zoogeography: Mid European element, European faunistic complex. Euconulidae 56. Euconulus fulvus (Müller, 1774) Euconulus fulvus: PINTER L., 1968: 219. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): PINTER L. (1968) LG14-LG24LG25(2), LG24(2), URBAŃSKI (1969) KG80(2), LG00(1), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG24(4), LG25(3), PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG93(1), URBAŃSKI (1971) KG81(1), IRIKOV A. & T. IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Buynovska River Gorge, KG71(3), V.2001, leg. A. Irikov. · Ravnogor Village, KG84, near a cave hole, 27.III.2004, leg. D. Georgiev, S. Stoicheva. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 300 m a.s.l. at Asenovgrad and 1600 m a.s.l. in the area of Chudnite Mostove Rock Bridges area. Ecological data: According to IRIKOV (2002) this species is mesohygrophilic and coolloving. Zoogeography: Holarctic element, Siberian faunistic complex. Vitrinidae 57. Vitrina pellucida (Müller, 1774) Vitrina rhodopensis: WAGNER A. (In: WOHLBEREDT, 1911): 177. Vitrina pellucida: OSHANOVA & L. PINTER, 1968: 244; Pinter I. & L. Pinter, 1970: 80. Vitrina sp.: URBAŃSKI, 1969: 227. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): WOHLBEREDT (1911) LG25(1), OSHANOVA & L. PINTER (1968) LG24(2), LG25(1), URBAŃSKI (1969) KG80(2), PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG75(1), HUDEC & VAŠATKO (1971) LG24(2), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975 – “Rhodopes”), KÖRNIG (1983) LG00(1), IRIKOV À. & Ò. IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Hvoyna Village, LG03(1), V.2003, leg A. Irikov, T. Irikova.
Gastropoda
793
· Belitsa Village, LG23(3), Belitsa River Valley, 23.VIII.2003, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · between Hrabrino Village and Dedovo Village, LG05(2), 27.XI.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Chairski Lakes, KG80(1), 29.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, I. Mollov, K. Kirov. · Barutin Village, KG60, near Dospat River, 27.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · Ravnogor, KG84, near a cave hole, 27.III.2004, leg. D. Georgiev, S. Stoicheva. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 300 m a.s.l. at Asenovgrad and 1550 m a.s.l. in the area of Chairski Lakes. Mesophilic, cool-loving, cold-resistent (IRIKOV, 2002). Zoogeography: Holarctic element, Siberian faunistic complex. 58. Eucobresia diaphana (Draparnaud, 1805) Eucobresia diaphana: HUDEC & VAŠATKO, 1971: 8. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): HUDEC & VAŠATKO (1971) LG24(2). Vertical distribution: The only known locality for this species so far in the Western Rhodopes is at 400 m a.s.l. at Bachkovo Village. Ecological data: Insufficient. Zoogeography: Mid European element, European faunistic complex. 59. Gallandia annularis (Studer, 1820) Phenacolimax annularis: PINTER I. & L. PINTER, 1970: 87; CLAUSS, 1977: 308; IRIKOV, 2002: 95. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG93(1), CLAUSS (1977) LG03(4), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 400-500 m a.s.l. at the Dobrostan Ridge and 1600 m a.s.l. in the area of Chudnite Mostove Rock Bridges. Xeromesophilic and thermophilic species (IRIKOV, 2002). Zoogeography: IRIKOV (2002), defines this species as Holosubmediterranean subelement of the Submediterranean element, but we think that it is more accurate to characterize it as South European mountainous subelement, European mountainous element, European faunistic complex. 60. () Oligolimax reitteri (O.Boettger, 1880) Balcanovitrina dojtshini: OSHANOVA & L. PINTER, 1968: 246; PINTER I. & L. PINTER, 1970: 87; CLAUSS, 1977: 308. Vitrina reitteri: URBAŃSKI, 1971: 255. Semilimacella reitteri: DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 254; HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993): 191. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): OSHANOVA & L. PINTER (1968) KG93(1), PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG93(1), URBAŃSKI (1971) KG81(1), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) KG93(1), CLAUSS (1977) LG24(2), HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993) KG93(1). Vertical distribution: So far the only certain locality for this species in the Western Rhodopes is the area of Chudnite Mostove Rock Bridges at 1600 m a.s.l. The report on its presence at Trigrad Village needs additional confirmation (after examining the genital
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system of specimens from that locality) and the report on the species presence at Bachkovo Village is false and it concerns Vitrina pellucida. Ecological data: Mesohygrophilic, cool-loving, cold-resistant species. Endemism: Bulgarian endemic taxon, known only from one certain locality in the Western Rhodopes. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. Zonitidae # Vitrea diaphana diaphana (Studer, 1820) This species is reported by DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) for the Rhodopes Mountain in general, but in our opinion this species does not occur in the Western Rhodopes. # ? Vitrea subrimata (Clessin, 1877) This species was reported with great doubt for the area of Slivov Dol in the Dobrostan Ridge in the Western Rhodopes by IRIKOV A. & T. IRIKOVA (2000). Additional research however showed that this species does not occur in this region. 61. Vitrea neglecta Damjanov & Pinter, 1969 Vitrea neglecta n. sp.: DAMJANOV & L. PINTER, 1969: 35. Vitrea bulgarica n. sp.: DAMJANOV & L. PINTER, 1969: 36. Vitrea bulgarica: PINTER I. & L. PINTER, 1970: 87, 88; PINTER L., 1972: 237; DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 260; RIEDEL, 1975: 160; CLAUSS, 1977: 308; HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993): 184; IRIKOV A. & T. IRIKOVA: 422. Vitrea neglecta: PINTER L., 1972: 240; DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 261; RIEDEL, 1975: 160; IRIKOV, 2001: 35-38. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) KG57, KG75(1), KG82(1), KG93(1), LG00(1), LG03(1,2), LG14(1,2), LG24(2,4), LG25(1,2,4), LG24-LG25(1), PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG75(1), KG93(1), PINTER L. (1972) KG57, KG75(1), KG82(1), KG93(1), LG00(1), LG03(1,2), LG14(1,2), LG24(2,4), LG25(1,2,4), LG24LG25(1), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975 – “V. bulgarica – The Rhodopes Mountain from Yakoruda to Chepelarska River Valley; V. neglecta – Rhodopes Mountain, LG01-LG02-LG03LG04-LG14-LG24-LG25, KG82(1), GM45(1), LG00(1)”), RIDEL (1975 – “Rhodopes Mountain”), CLAUSS (1977) LG24(2), KÖRNIG (1983) LG00(1), HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993 – “Rhodopes Mountain”, “Chepelarska River valley”) GM45(1), KG82(1), LG00(1), IRIKOV À. & Ò. IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV À. (2001) LG24(1), LG24-LG25(1), LG23(1), LG24(3) LG24-LG25(2), LG24(4), IRIKOV A. (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley KG71, KG72, 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, I. Mollov, K. Kirov. · between Mostovo Village and Sini Vrah Village, LG33(1), 01.V.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · between Beslen Village and Slashten Village, near Mesta River, GL49-KF59, 26.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · Ravnogor Village, KG84, 27.III.2004, leg. D. Georgiev, S. Stoicheva.
Gastropoda
795
·
Dedovo Village, east of the village, Tamrashka River Valley, in a beech and oak forest, LG05(1), 02.V.2003, leg. I. Mollov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 300 m a.s.l. at Asenovgrad and 1600 m a.s.l. in the area of Chudnite Mostove Rock Bridges. Ecological data: Polyvalent species in terms of temperature and humidity with considerable drought-resistance. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. 62. Vitrea contracta (Westerlund, 1871) Vitrea contracta: URBAŃSKI, 1969: 238. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI (1969) KG80(2), LG00(1), CLAUSS (1977) LG02(2), KÖRNIG (1983) LG23(4), IRIKOV (2002) LG23LG24-LG25-LG34. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Chudnite Mostove Rock Bridges area, KG93(1), VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley KG71, KG72, 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, I. Mollov, K. Kirov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 300400 m a.s.l. at Dobrostan Ridge and 1550 m a.s.l. in the area of Chairski Lakes. Ecological data: Polyvalent species in terms of temperature and humidity, which according to IRIKOV (2002) is mesohygophilic, mesothermic and considerably cool-loving. Zoogeography: Mid European element, European faunistic complex. # Vitrea riedeli Damjanov & L. Pinter, 1969 This species is reported by KÖRNIG (1983) for Bachkovo in the Western Rhodopes, where unfortunately it does not occur and in our opinion it was wrongfully identified. # Vitrea sturany (A. Wagner, 1907) According to PINTER L. (1972) and RIEDEL (1975) this is an invalid taxon for the territory of Bulgaria, despite the fact that DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) reported it for the area of Velingrad and Trigrad Village in the Western Rhodopes. In our opinion this species does not occur in the Western Rhodopes localities mentioned by DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975). 63. Vitrea pygmaea (O. Boettger, 1880) Vitrea pygmaea: DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 265. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975 – “Rhodopes Mountain”), HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993 – “Rhodopes Mountain”), IRIKOV À. & Ò. IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 300400 m a.s.l. and 1000 m a.s.l. in the Dobrostan Ridge. Ecological data: It inhabits oak-hornbeam forests as well as thermophilic pinetree forests with pH of the soil - 4,5. It is capable of surviving continuous dry periods and according to IRIKOV (2002) it is a xeromesophilic and themophilic species.
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Zoogeography: Irano-Turanian subelement, Subiranian element, Southwestern Asiatic faunistic complex. 64. Aegopinella pura (Alder, 1830) Aegopinella pura: PINTER L., 1968: 219. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): PINTER L. (1968) LG24(2), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG24(4), PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG75(1), KG93(1), CLAUSS (1977) LG01(4), LG03(4), LG11, IRIKOV À. & Ò. IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Lepenitsa River Valley, GM45-KG54, 22.VIII.2004, leg. D.Georgiev. · Ludi Dol Mountain Brook area, GM43, Mechkina River Valley, between Velingrad and Dospat, 23.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · Ravnogor Village, KG84, 27.III.2004, leg. D. Georgiev, S. Stoicheva. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 400 m a.s.l. at Bachkovo Village and 1600 m a.s.l. in the area of Studenets Hut and Chudnite Mostove Rock Bridges area. Ecological data: It inhabits the leaf cover of broadleaved forests within limestones at middle and high altitudes. Mesophilic and mesothermic species (IRIKOV, 2002). Eurosiberian forest species, which differs from the Siberian species, as it is not cold-loving, in other words it is not stenothermic, but it has considerable cold-resistance. Zoogeography: Eurosiberian (forest) subelement, Euroasiatic Palearctic element, Siberian faunistic complex. 65. Aegopinella minor (Stabile, 1864) Aegopinella minor: URBAŃSKI, 1960b: 94. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI (1960b,c; 1964) LG24(2), RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI (1964) LG24(2), LG25(2), URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR (1967) LG24(2), PINTER L. (1968) LG14-LG24-LG25(2), LG24(2), URBAŃSKI (1969) KG80(2), LG00(1), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG24(4), LG25(3), PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG75(1), KG93(1), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975 - “Rhodopes Mountain”), CLAUSS (1977) LG01(3,4), LG03(4), LG11, LG24(2), KÖRNIG (1983) LG00(1), LG24(1), LG23(4), IRIKOV À. & Ò. IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · between Hrabrino Village and Dedovo Village, LG05(2), a river valley, 27.XI.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Chepelare, LG02(3), a bank of Chepelarska River valley near a bus station, under stones, 01.V.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Trigrad Village, near Dyavolskoto Garlo Cave, KG81(2), 28.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Teshel Village, KG71(1), near Orpheus hotel-restaurant, 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, I. Mollov, K. Kirov. · Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley KG71, KG72, 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, I. Mollov, K. Kirov
Gastropoda
797
·
between Mostovo Village and Sini Vrah Village, LG33(1), 01.V.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Velingrad, Kleptuza Lake, GM45(2), 08.IX.2003, leg. K. Kirov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 300400 m a.s.l. at Asenova Fortress and 1600 m a.s.l. in the area of Studenets Hut and Chudni Mostove Rock Bridges area, but it probably reaches 2000 m a.s.l. Ecological data: It inhabits the leaf cover of humid broad-leaved forests, within limestones from low to high altitudes. In Dobrostan Ridge it is very common and can be found in the leaf cover of monodominant beech forests. IRIKOV (2002) characterized it as mesophilic and thermophilic, but it is more accurate to say that this is a mesophilic and mesothermic, relatively eurythermic and euryhygrobiontic species. Zoogeography: Mid European element, European faunistic complex. 66. () Balcanodiscus frivaldskyanus (Rossmässler 1848) Oxychilus (O.?) frivaldskyanus: URBAŃSKI, 1960c: 127. Paraegopis frivaldskyanus: URBAŃSKI, 1964: 26; PINTER L., 1968: 219; DAMJANOV & L. PINTER, 1969: 36, 38; DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 273; CLAUSS, 1977: 308; KÖRNIG, 1983: 35; HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993): 184; IRIKOV A. & T. IRIKOVA, 2000: 422; IRIKOV, 2002: 95. Paraegopis (Balcanodiscus) frivaldskyanus: RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI, 1964: 77; URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR, 1967: 56; RIEDEL, 1975: 101. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI (1960c, 1964) LG24(2), LG25(2), RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI (1964) LG04(3), LG23(4) – these localities are incorrect and are wrongfully mentioned by these authors for the North Eastern Rhodopes LG24(2), LG14 (2), LG25(1,2), “”Sveti Nikola” Monastery near Asenovgrad”, URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR (1967) LG24(2), PINTER L. (1968) LG14-LG24-LG25(2), LG24(2), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG24(4), LG25(3), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) LG01-LG02LG03-LG04-LG14-LG24-LG25, RIEDEL (1975 – “Central Rhodopes”), CLAUSS (1977) LG24(2), KÖRNIG (1983) LG24(1), HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993) LG01-LG02LG03-LG04-LG14-LG24-LG25, IRIKOV À. & Ò. IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34, DEDOV & PETROV (2003). The last two authors generalized the distribution of this species with all known localities in the Rhodopes Mountain, but they however missed one locality – the area of Slivov Dol in Dobrostan Ridge, announced by IRIKOV A. & T. IRIKOVA (2000). DEDOV & PERTROV (2003) characterized this species as a Balkan endemic taxon, met only in the Rhodopes Mountain. RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI (1964) announced this species found as a subfossil on Tsarevets Hill near Veliko Tarnovo. In a sample collected near the valley of Yantra River, near Tsarevets Hill we examined shells as well as the genital system of the found specimens and we confirmed the recent existence of this species in this locality, which is quite distant from the rest of the species areal in the Bulgarian part of the Rhodopes Mountain. For the time being this species should be defined as a Balkan endemic taxon, however with a disjunctive areal, including some parts of Greece and Bulgaria - the Rhodopes Mountain and the northern species locality at Tsarevets Hill, near Veliko Tarnovo.
798
A. IRIKOV, I. MOLLOV
Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 300400 m a.s.l. at Asenova Fortress and 1000 m a.s.l. at Dobrostan Ridge. Ecological data: At Dobrostan Ridge in the Western Rhodopes this species is most often met in the leaf cover of monodominat beech forests. Mesohygrophilic, coolloving, cold-resistant. Endemism: Balkan endemic taxa. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. # Oxychilus (Mediterranea) hydatinus (Rossmässler, 1838) This species was reported by BERON & GUEORGUIEV (1967) from Lepenitsa Cave, south of Velingrad in the Western Rhodopes. Probably based on this report, this species was announced for the Rhodopes Mountain in general by DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) and HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993). In our opinion there are more additional data needed concerning the species presence in this part of the Western Rhodopes. # Oxychilus (Longiphallus) delius (Bourguignat, 1857) This taxa is mentioned by WOHLBEREDT (1911) “from slopes of the Rhodopes near Plovdiv”, RIEDEL (1975) “one isolated locality in the Rhodopes Mountain at Hvoyna Village”, KÖRNIG (1983) “Bachkovo Village and the Valley of Yugovo Valley”, HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993) “Western Rhodopes”. Our numerous research of the above mentioned localities showed that there occurs the very similar Oxychilus glaber (Westerlund, 1881) and probably it was wrongfully identified. Unless a certain proof is presented, we will remain of the opinion that this taxon does not occur in the Western Rhodopes. 67. Oxychilus (Morlina) glaber (Westerlund, 1881) Hyalina glabra var. hungarica: WOHLBEREDT, 1911:177. Oxychilus glaber: URBAŃSKI, 1960b: 81; 1964: 26; 1969: 238; PINTER, 1968: 219; PINTER I. & L. PINTER, 1970: 87, 88; CLAUSS, 1977: 308. Oxychilus (Morlina) glaber: URBAŃSKI, 1960c: 127; HUDEC & VASATKO, 1971: 8. Oxychilus (Morlina) glaber striarius: RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI, 1964: 77; BERON & GUEORGUIEV, 1967: 153; BERON, 1972: 287; 1994: 6. Oxychilus (Oxychilus) glaber: URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR, 1968: 56. Oxychilus glaber striarius: URBAŃSKI, 1969: 227; 1971: 255; DAMJANOV & L. PINTER, 1969: 36, 38; IRIKOV A. & T. IRIKOVA, 2000: 422; IRIKOV, 2002: 95 Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): WOHLBEREDT (1911) “Rhodopes Mountain near Plovdiv”, URBAŃSKI (1960b) LG25(2), URBAŃSKI (1960c, 1964) LG24(2), RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI (1964) LG24(2), LG25(2), BERON & GUEORGIEV (1967) KG54 and Jivata Voda Cave, URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR (1967) LG24(2), PINTER L. (1968) LG24(2), LG14-LG24-LG25(2), URBAŃSKI (1969) KG80(2), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG24(4), LG25(3), PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG75(1), KG93(1), URBAŃSKI (1971) KG81(1), HUDEC & VASATKO (1971) LG24(2), BERON (1972) KG93(1), LG01(1), LG03(5), CLAUSS (1977) KG93(1), LG01-LG11, LG01(3,4), LG02(2), LG03(4), LG11, LG24(2), BERON (1994) KG71(2), IRIKOV À. & Ò. IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1):
Gastropoda ·
799
Trigrad Village, KG80(1), Teshel Village KG71(1), Buynovska River Gorge, KG71(2), Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley KG71, KG72, V.2001, V.2002, leg. A. Irikov. Teshel Village, KG71(1), near hotel-restaurant “Orfei”, 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Chepelarska River Valley (from Narechenski Bani Mountain Resort to Hvoyna Village) LG03-LG04-LG14, 2000 - 2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Oreshitsa River Valley (from Hvoyna Village to Orehovo Village) LG03(3), 2000 2004, leg. A. Irikov · Hvoyna Village, LG03(1), VIII.2003, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Belitsa, LG23(3), Belitsa River Valley, 23.VIII.2003, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · between Hrabrino Village and Dedovo Village, LG05(2), 27.XI.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Hrabrino Village, LG05(4), 27.XI.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Smolyan, Sredorek quarter, LG00(3), Cherna River Valley, 5 km west of the town, 03.VII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · between Hvoyna Village and Chepelare, Dragiitsa Summit, LG13(1), east of Cepelarska River Valley, on rocks, 10.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley KG71, KG72, 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · between Mostovo Village and Sini Vrah Village, LG33(1), 01.V.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Sini Vrah Village, LG33(2), 01.V.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Lepenitsa River Valley, GM45-KG54, 22.VIII.2004, leg. D.Georgiev. · Barutin Village, KG60, near Dospat River, 27.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · Krichim Dam area, KG84-KG85, 29.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · Ludi Dol Mountain Brook area, GM43, Mechkina River Valley, between Velingrad and Dospat, 23.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · Ravnogor Village, KG84, 27.III.2004, leg. D. Georgiev, S. Stoicheva. · Dedovo Village, LG05(1), east of the village, Tamrashka River Valley, in a beech and oak forest, 02.V.2003, leg. I. Mollov. · Velingrad, Kleptuza Lake area, GM45(2), 08.IX.2003, leg. Kirov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 400 m a.s.l. at Asenova Fortress and 1600 m a.s.l. at Chudni Mostove Rock Bridges, Lednitsata cave, Ludi Dol Mountain Brook area, but it probably reaches higher altitudes. Ecological data: This is one of the most common taxa in the Western Rhodopes. It inhabits very diverse habitats within limestones, but prefers forest areas with higher humidity. Despite the fact that this species is most often found in caves all over the country, it shouldn’t be specified as a troglobiont or troglophile. The survival of few speciemens, which have fallen into caves by chance or otherwise, is due to the specific ecological peculiarities of this snail (one of which is that it feeds on dead organic matter) and also because of the certain similarities of the conditions in the caves and microsites that it inhabits (prefers humid soils saturated with detritus). And last but not least, this is one of the most common snails in the terrestrial ecosystems, which is eurybiontic in contrast to all cave stenobiontic organisms. Mesohygrophilic, mesothermic and cool-loving.
800
A. IRIKOV, I. MOLLOV
Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. # Oxychilus (Morlina) urbanskii Riedel, 1963 This species is reported for the Western Rhodopes only by KÖRNIG (1983) from Bachkovo Village and Smolyan. During our numerous and continuous search of these localities we couldn’t find this species and because of that we suppose that it was wrongfully identified and it is an invalid taxon for the Western Rhodopes. 68. Oxychilus (Riedelius) inopinatus (Ulicny, 1887) Oxychilus inopinatus: PINTER I. & L. PINTER, 1970: 88. Oxychilus (Riedelius) inopinatus: RIEDEL, 1975: 164. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG75(1), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975 – “Rhodopes”), RIEDEL (1975 - “Rhodopes”), IRIKOV À. & Ò. IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Ravnogor Village, KG84, 27.III.2004, leg. D. Georgiev, S. Stoicheva. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 100 m a.s.l. and 400 m a.s.l. in the area of the Dobrostan Ridge. Ecological data: It inhabits broadleaved forests as well as thermophilic pinetree forests with pH 4,5. According to IRIKOV (2002) it is a xeromesophilic, thermophilic, drought-resistant species capable of surviving considerable temperature fluctuations. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. 69. Oxychilus (Riedelius) depressus (Sterki, 1880) Oxychilus depressus: PINTER L., 1968: 219; DAMJANOV & L. PINTER, 1969: 36; PINTER I. & L. PINTER, 1970: 87. Oxychilus (Riedelius) depressus: RIEDEL, 1975: 164. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): PINTER L. (1968) LG24(2), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG24(4), PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG93(1), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975 – “Rhodopes”), BERON (1994) KG61(2), LG01(1), IRIKOV À. & Ò. IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Hvoyna Village, LG03(1), 11.X.2001, leg. A. Irikov. · Kamaka Summit, LG03(7), 2 km norteast of Zabardo Village, 12.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · between Mostovo Village and Sini Vrah Village, LG33(1), 01.V.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 400 m a.s.l. in the area of Bachkovski Monastery and 1600 m a.s.l. in the area of Pamporovo Mountain Resort. Ecological data: This species has a subterranian way of life and prefers humid soils saturated with detritus and other dead organic matter. It often falls into caves, similar
Gastropoda
801
to Oxychilus glaber, but due to the same reasons (see O. glaber) it shouldn’t be classified as troglobiontic or troglophile. According to IRIKOV (2002) it is a mesophilic, cool-loving and cold-resistant species. Zoogeography: IRIKOV (2002), characterized this species as Mid European element, but it is more accurate to say that this is Mid European Mountain subelment, European Mountain element, European faunistic complex. Daudebardiidae 70. Daudebardia (Daudebardia) rufa cycladum Martens, 1889 Daudebardia rufa: URBAŃSKI, 1969: 227, 238. Daudebardia rufa: PINTER I. & L. PINTER, 1970: 88. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI (1969) KG80(2), PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG75(1). Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 500 m a.s.l. at Peshtera and 1550 m a.s.l. in the area of Chairski Lakes. Ecological data: Daudebardia rufa cycladum and Daudebardia brevipes are often found together, but in the Rhodopes Mountain they are probably competitors with the endemic species Daudebardia wiktori Riedel, 1967 and probably that is the reason why these species do not occur within its areal. Mesohygrophilic, cool-loving, cold-resistant. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. 71. Daudebardia (Daudebardia) brevipes (Draparnaud, 1805) Daudebardia brevipes: RIEDEL, 1967: 469. Daudebardia brevipes: PINTER I. & L. PINTER, 1970: 88. Daudebardia brevipes: DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 294. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): RIEDEL (1967) KG82(2), PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG75(1), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975 – Western Rhodopes). New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · east of Dedovo Village, Tamrashka River Valley, in beech and oak forest, LG05(1), 02.V.2003, leg. I. Mollov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 500 m a.s.l. at Peshtera and 900 m a.s.l. in the area of Bedenski Mineralni Bani Mountain Resort near Devin. Ecological data: This species areal is influenced by the distribution of D. wiktori (see the previous species). Mesohygrophilic, cool-loving, cold-resistant. 72. Daudebardia (Libania) wiktori Riedel, 1967 Daudebardia wiktori: RIEDEL, 1967: 471; 1975: 164; PINTER L., 1968: 215; DAMJANOV & L. PINTER, 1969: 36; BERON, 1972: 288; DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 294; KÖRNIG, 1983: 35; HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993): 184; IRIKOV A. & T. IRIKOVA, 2000: 422; IRIKOV, 2002: 95.
802
A. IRIKOV, I. MOLLOV
Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): RIEDEL (1967) LG25(1), PINTER L. (1968) LG24(2), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG24(4), BERON (1972) KG93(1), RIEDEL (1975) KG93(1), LG00(1), LG04(1), LG10, LG23(4), LG24(2), LG25(1), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) LG24(2), LG25(1), KÖRNIG (1983) LG00(1), HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993) KG93(1), LG00(1), LG23(3), LG24(1), LG25(1), IRIKOV A. & Ò. IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · between Sini Vrah Village and Karadjov Kamak Summit, LG33(3), 31.X.2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley KG71, KG72, 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, I. Mollov, K. Kirov. · between Mostovo Village and Sini Vrah Village, LG33(1), 01.V.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov · Ravnogor Village, KG84, 27.III.2004, leg. D. Georgiev, S. Stoicheva. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 300 m a.s.l. at Asenovgrad and about 1600 m a.s.l. in the area of Chudni Mostove Rock Bridges. Ecological data: It inhabits mainly forest habitats, but often it can be found in pinetree forests as well. It prefers high humidity and lower temperatures. Mesohygrophilic, cool-loving, cold-resistant. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. # Carpathica stussineri (Wagner, 1895) This species is reported for the Rhodopes Mountain in general only by DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975), but they didn’t specify any exact locality for its occurrence. In our oppinion this is an invalid taxon for the fauna of the Western Rhodopes. 73. () Carpathica sp. On 12.05.2005 in Bachkovo Village, Ayazmoto area, we found 1 shell of a species from the genus Carpathica (A. Wagner 1895) which by its conchiological characteristics differs from the other two known for Bulgaria species from the same genus Carpathica stussineri (Wagner, 1895) and Carpathica bielawskii Riedel, 1963. The shell was found within rocks under which there is a small mountain brook. Our initial suggestion is that the animals inhabit the caves and the subterranean galleries in the region and very rarely with the subterranean waters shells from dead animals float to the surface. Conchiologically, the new species bears greatest smilarity with Carpathica wirthi Forcart 1971, which so far has been established only in Turkey in a cave near Bursa. To clarify the exact taxonomical status however more alive animals are needed for anatomical study on their genital system. Gastrodontidae 74. Zonitoides nitidus (Müller, 1774) Zonitoides nitidus var. frondosula: WOHLBEREDT, 1911: 178. Zonitoides nitidus: URBADNSKI, 1960c: 130.
Gastropoda
803
Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): WOHLBEREDT (1911 – “a slope of the Rhodopes Mountain near Plovdiv”), URBAŃSKI (1960c, 1964) LG24(2), RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI (1964) LG24(2), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975 – “Rhodopes”). New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Barutin Village, near Dospat River, KG60, 27.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 400 m a.s.l. at Bachkovo Village and 1000 m a.s.l. at Barutin Village. Hygrophilic, cool-loving, cold-resistant species. Zoogeography: Holarctic element, Siberian faunistic complex. Milacidae 75. Tandonia kusceri (H. Wagner, 1931) Amalia marginata: JURINICH, 1906: 10; WOHLBEREDT, 1911: 184. Milax marginatus: WAGNER Í., 1934: 57. Milax kusceri: URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR, 1967: 86. Tandonia kusceri: WIKTOR, 1983: 102. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): JURINICH (1906) LG02(3), WOHLBEREDT (1911) LG02(3), WAGNER H. (1934) LG02(3), URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR (1967) KG64 and “? Durken”, WIKTOR (1983) GM31, LG00(1), LG24(2). New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · between Beslen Village and Slashten Village, near Mesta River GL49-KF59, 26.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes it is recorded from 400 m a.s.l. at Bachkovo Village up to 1000 m a.s.l. at Chepelare. Ecological data: Largely tolerant to most ecological factors. Found in biotopes of various humidity (including xerothermic ones) – forests, bushes and rock rubble with sparce vegetation (WIKTOR, 1983). Eurythermic, euryhygrobiontic, considerably drought-resistant species. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. 76. Tandonia serbica (H. Wagner, 1931) Milax serbicus: URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR, 1967: 82; DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 329. Tandonia serbica: WIKTOR, 1983: 105. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR (1967) LG14(1), LG24(2), LG25(1,2), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) LG00(1), LG14(1), LG24(2), WIKTOR (1983) KG75(2), KG93(1), LG03(1), LG24(2), LG25(1), HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993) LG00(1), LG14(2), LG24(2). Vertical distribution (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): In the Western Rhodopes it is recorded from 300 m a.s.l. at Asenovgrad up to around 1600 m a.s.l. in the area of Chudni Mostove Rock Bridges. Ecological data: It inhabits mainly rock rubbles, especially limestone, almost exclusively on dry slopes covered by bushes (WIKTOR, 1983). Mountain species, meso-xerophilic, calcereous. Endemism: Balkan endemic taxon.
804
A. IRIKOV, I. MOLLOV
Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. 77. Tandonia budapestensis (Hazay, 1881) Milax (Milax) budapestensis: URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR, 1967: 80. Milax budapestensis: DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 328. Tandonia budapestensis: WIKTOR, 1983: 109. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR (1967) GM45-KG54, LG03(1), LG25(1), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) GM45(1), LG25(1), WIKTOR (1983) GM45-KG54, LG03(1), LG25(1). Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes it is recorded from 300 m a.s.l. at Asenovgrad up to around 900-1000 m a.s.l. in Lepenitsa River Valley near Velingard. Ecological data: Largely tolerant to most ecological factors, especially as a synanthrope. Found most frequently among shrubs, sometimes in forests, ruins, rock rubble, parks and cultivated gardens, under stones and cloths of earth (WIKTOR, 1983). Eurythermic, euryhygrobiontic. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. 78. Tandonia cristata (Kaleniczenko, 1851) Tandonia cristata: WIKTOR, 1983: 115. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): WIKTOR (1983) LG00(1). New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · between Hrabrino Village and Dedovo Village, LG05(2), a river valley, 27.XI.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes it is recorded from 500 m a.s.l. in the area of Hrabrino Village up to about 1000 m a.s.l. at Smolyan. Ecological data: Hiding under big stones deep in the soil. Found mostly in mixed and deciduous forests, also among shrubs. Found most frequently in loamy soils, lower parts of valleys and their bottoms (WIKTOR, 1983). Mesothermic, mesophilic. Zoogeography: Euxinian faunistic subelement, Submediterranian element, European faunistic complex. 79. () Tandonia pinteri (Wiktor, 1975) Milax (Tandonia) pinteri: WIKTOR, 1975: 77. Tandonia pinteri: WIKTOR, 1983: 118. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): WIKTOR (1975) KG93(1), WIKTOR (1983) KG93(1), LG00(1), KG82(1), HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al. 1993) KG93(1), LG00(1), KG82(1). New localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Dobrostan Ridge, Slivov Dol area, LG24(3), II.2004, leg. A. Irikov. · between Mostovo Village and Sini Vrah Village, LG33(1), 01.V.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov.
Gastropoda
805
Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes it is recorded from 600 m a.s.l. at Devin up to around 1600 m a.s.l. in the area of Chudni Mostove Rock Bridges. Ecological data: Found in moist and well-shaded sites (WIKTOR, 1983). Mesohygrophilic, microthermic. Endemism: Bulgarian endemic taxon, known from only few localities in the Western Rhodopes. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. 80. () Tandonia totevi (Wiktor, 1975) Milax (Subamalia) totevi: WIKTOR, 1975: 82. Tandonia totevi: WIKTOR, 1983: 122. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): WIKTOR (1975) KG82(1), WIKTOR (1983) KG82(1). Vertical distribution: The only known locality in the Western Rhodopes is Devin - 600 m a.s.l. Ecological data: Insufficient. Endemism: Bulgarian endemic taxon, known from only one locality in the Western Rhodopes. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. Punctidae 81. Punctum pygmaeum (Draparnaud, 1801) Punctum (Punctum) pygmaeum: RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI, 1964: 77 Punctum pygmaeum: PINTER L., 1968: 219. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI (1964) LG25(2), PINTER L. (1968) LG24(2), URBAŃSKI (1969) KG80(2), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG24(4), PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG75(1), IRIKOV À. & Ò. IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. New localites (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Chudni Mostove Rock Bridges area KG93(1), 02.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Ravnogor Village, KG84, 27.III.2004, leg. D. Georgiev, S. Stoicheva. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes this species is registered between 350 m a.s.l. at Asenova Fortress and 1600 m a.s.l. in the area of Chudni Mostove Rock Bridges. Ecological data: It inhabits mostly humid broadleaved forests, within the leaf cover and within rocks. Mesohygrophilic, cool-loving, cold-resistant. Zoogeography: Euroasian Palearctic element, Siberian faunistic complex. # Discus ruderatus (Ferussac, 1821) This species is reported for the Western Rhodopes by WAGNER A. (1927) and PETRBOK (1941) from the area of Bachkovo Village, but in our oppinion this locality needs additional confirmation. According to DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) this species is met in the high mountain parts of the Rhodopes Mountain, but they didn’t mention any exact locality, so at this point we think that this taxon is invalid for the Western Rhodopes.
806
A. IRIKOV, I. MOLLOV
Limacidae 82. Limax (Limax) maximus Linnaeus, 1758 Limax maximus: JURINICH, 1906: 11; WOHLBEREDT, 1911: 180. Limax maximus var. unicolor: JURINICH, 1906: 12; WOHLBEREDT, 1911: 181. Limax (Limax) maximus: URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR, 1968: 57. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): JURINICH (1906) GM45(4), GM46, LG02(3), WOHLBEREDT (1911) GM45(4), GM46, LG02(3), URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR (1968) LG24(2), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975 – “in all parts of the Rhodopes Mountain”), WIKTOR (1983) KG75(1). New localites (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Orehovo Village, Katargi area, LG04(4), northeast of the village, coniferous forest, 31.VI.2003, leg. A. Irikov. · Trigrad Village, KG80(1), V.2002, leg. A. Irikov. · Lepenitsa River Valley, GM45-KG54, 22.VIII.2004, leg. D.Georgiev. · Ludi Dol Mountain Brook area, GM43, Mechkina River Valley, between Velingrad and Dospat, 23.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · Dedovo Village, east of the village, Tamrashka River Valley, in a beech and oak forest, LG05(1), 02.V.2003, leg. I. Mollov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes this species is registered between 400 m a.s.l. at Bachkovo Village and 1600 m a.s.l. in the area of Ludi Dol Mountain Brook, between Velingrad and Dospat. Ecological data: Met in both natural and anthropogenic habitats. Most frequent in mixed and deciduous forests, especially of damp hornbeam-oak and beech type. Usually hiding under logs, stones, in stumps, less frequently under bark (WIKTOR, 1983). Eurythermic, euryhygrobiontic, cool-loving. Zoogeography: Mid European element, European faunistic complex. 83. () Limax (Limax) subalpinus Lessona, 1880 Published for the Western Rhodopes in the present study. New localites (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Lepenitsa River Valley, GM45-KG54, 22.VIII.2004, leg. D.Georgiev. · Ludi Dol Mountain Brook area, GM43, Mechkina River Valley, between Velingrad and Dospat, 23.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. Vertical distribution: The two known localities from the Western Rhodopes so far are located between 900 m a.s.l. in the area of Lepenitsa River Valley and 1600 m a.s.l. in the area of Ludi Dol Mountain Brook. Ecological data: Insufficient. Zoogeography: Unknown, due to incomplete data concerning the complete species areal. 84. Limax (Limax) cinereoniger Wolf, 1803 Limax maximus var. cinereo-niger: JURINICH, 1906: 12; WOHLBEREDT, 1911: 181. Limax (Limax) cinereoniger: URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR, 1968: 55. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): JURINICH (1906) LG02(3), GM46, GM45(4), WOHLBEREDT (1911) LG02(3), GM45(3), URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR
Gastropoda
807
(1968) LG24(2), LG05(3), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975 – “Rhodopes”), WIKTOR (1983) GM15, KG64, KG93(1,3), LG00(1), LG01(5), LG03(1), LG 04(1), LG05(3), LG24(2). New localites (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Smolyan, Sredorek quarter, LG00(3), 5 km west of the town, Cherna River Valley, 03.VII.2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Dedovo Village, LG05(1), east of the village, Tamrashka River Valley, beech and oak forest, 02.V.2003, leg. I. Mollov. · Krushovska River Valley, LG22, 25.08.2005., leg. A. Irikov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes this species occurs between 400 m a.s.l. at Bachkovo Village and 1200 m a.s.l. at Zdravets Hut. Ecological data: It inhabits mostly mixed and deciduous forests of all types, crawling on the ground and in the trees. Hiding in stumps, decaying tree trunks and under bark (WIKTOR, 1983). Eurythermic, euryhygrobiontic species. Zoogeography: Mid European element, European faunistic complex. 85. Limax (Limax) punctulatus Sordelli, 1870 Limax (Limax) punctulatus: WIKTOR, 1983: 135. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): WIKTOR (1983) LG03(1), KG93(3); DEDOV (1998 – “Rhodopes Mountain”). New localites (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Grueva Bichkiya area, LG02(6), southeast of the Zabardo Village, on logs, 24.V.2004, leg. A. Irikov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes this species is registered between 700 m a.s.l. at Hvoyna Village and 2091 m a.s.l. in the area of Persenk Summit. Ecological data: This is a forest slug, living in similar habitats as L. cinereoniger, but there is little information concerning its ecological requirements (WIKTOR, 1983). Mesohygrophilic, cool-loving, cold-resistent species. Zoogeography: Southeuropean Mountain subelement, European Mountain element, European faunistic complex. 86. () Limax macedonicus Hesse, 1928 Limax (Limax) macedonicus: DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 304. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) KG80(1), HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993) KG80(1). New localites (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · between Beslen Village and Slashten Village, GL49-KF59, near Mesta River, 26.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. Vertical distribution: The so far only known locality is at 1200 m a.s.l. at Trigrad Village. Ecological data: Living in deciduous forests of all types and in shrubs. Hiding under stones and bark of trees (WIKTOR, 1983). Mesophilic, mesothermic species. Endemism: Endemic taxon for the Balkan Peninsula. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex.
808
A. IRIKOV, I. MOLLOV
87. Lehmania nyctelia (Bourguignat, 1861) Limax (Malacolimax) nyctelius: URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR, 1968: 51. Limax (Lehmania) nyctelius: HUDEC & VASATKO, 1971: 8. Limax (Limacus) nyctelius: DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 309. Lehmania nyctelia: WIKTOR, 1983: 150. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR (1968) GM36, GM45-KG54, KG91(1), HUDEC & VASATKO (1971) KG90, LG01(2), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975 – “The Western Part of the Rhodopes Mountain”), WIKTOR (1983) GM15, KG61(1), KG82(1), KG93(1,3), LG00(1), LG01(5), LG02(3), LG04(1), LG05(3). New localites (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Grueva Bichkiya area, LG02(6), southeast of the Zabardo Village, under bark of the log, 24.V.2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Golyam Perelik Summit, KG90, under bark of the log, 23.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Ludi Dol Mountain Brook area, GM43, Mechkina River Valley, between Velingrad and Dospat, 23.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes this species is registered between 600700 m a.s.l. at Devin and 2190 m a.s.l.in the highest locality of the Rhodopes Mountain – Golyam Perelik Summit. Ecological data: A forest species occurring mainly in deciduous forests, especially beech woods. Frequent in mountains, also above upper timberline. Creeping on trees and hiding under bark, hollows in tree stumps, on rocks or rock rubble. After it has rained slugs creep out in great numbers, especially high in the mountains (WIKTOR, 1983). Mesohygrophilic, cool-loving, cold-resistant species. Zoogeography: Mid European element, European faunistic complex. # Lehmania marginata (Müller, 1774) This species was reported by URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR (1968) for the area of Shiroka Laka Village and later as Limax (Lehmania) marginatus with the same locality by DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975). According to WIKTOR (1983) however this species does not occur in Bulgaria, so at this point we think that this species should be considered an invalid taxon for the Western Rhodopes. 88. () Lehmania brunneri (Wagner, 1931) Lehmania brunneri: WIKTOR, 1983: 153. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): WIKTOR (1983) GM31, KG93(1), LG01(5), HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993 – “Rhodopes”). Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes this species is registered between 500 m a.s.l. at Ognyanovo Village and 1600 m a.s.l. in Chudni Mostove Rock Bridges area. Ecological data: Mountain species preferring upper timberline regions or even higher. It inhabits exclusively rocks, even when trees are nearby, hiding in crevices and rock rubble (WIKTOR, 1983). Mesohygrophilic, cool-loving, cold-resistant species. Endemism: Endemic taxon for the Balkan Peninsula. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex.
Gastropoda
809
Agriolimacidae 89. Deroceras (Deroceras) laeve (Müller, 1774) Deroceras (Deroceras) leave: WIKTOR, 1983: 163. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): WIKTOR (1983) KG75(1). Vertical distribution: This species is reported for the Western Rhodopes only by WIKTOR (1983) for the area of Peshtera (Snejanka Reserve – which is now named Kupena Reserve), with possible vertical distribution between 600 and 1000 m a.s.l. Ecological data: Found near water, in rivers, lakes and ponds, wet meadows and forests, especially alder and oak woods. Hiding in decaying detritus, under wood logs, in soil and peat (WIKTOR, 1983). Mesohygrophilic, cool-loving, cold-resistant species. Zoogeography: Holarctic element, Siberian faunistic complex. 90. Deroceras (Deroceras) sturanyi (Simroth, 1894) Deroceras sturanyi: URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR, 1968: 65. Deroceras (Deroceras) sturanyi: DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 317. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR (1968) LG03(1), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) LG03(1), WIKTOR (1983) GM31, KG64, KG75(1), LG03(1), LG24(2). New localites (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · between Beslen Village and Slashten Village, GL49-KF59, near Mesta River, 26.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · Barutin Village, KG60, near Dospat River, 27.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · between Barutin Village and Zmeitsa Village, KG61(2), Sarnena River Valley, 28.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes this species is registered between 400 m a.s.l. at Bachkovo Village and 1200 m a.s.l. in the area of Sarnena River Valley between Barutin Village and Zmeitsa Village. Ecological data: Mesophilic species found however in wet biotopes. Always in open biotopes or only shaded by brushes or under single trees. Very frequent in ruderal biotopes. Found in meadows, at roadsides, in parks and gardens (WIKTOR, 1983). Mesophilic, mesothermic species. Zoogeography: Mid European element, European faunistic complex. 91. () Deroceras (Agriolimax) turcicum (Simroth, 1894) Deroceras (Agriolimax) reticulatum: URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR, 1968: 67. Deroceras (Agriolimax) turcicum: WIKTOR, 1983: 172. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI (1968) LG25(2), LG24(2), WIKTOR (1983) “? Durken”, GM15, GM31, KG61(1), KG64, KG75(1), KG82(1), KG93(1,3), LG00(1), LG02(3), LG04(1), LG25(1), New localites (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Hrabrino Village, LG05(4), 1 km south of the village, 27.XI.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Trigrad Village, near Dyavolsko Garlo Cave, KG81(2), 28.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov.
810
A. IRIKOV, I. MOLLOV
·
Teshel Village, KG71(1), near Orpheus hotel-restaurant, 30.IV.2003; Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley KG71, KG72, 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Chairski Lakes, KG80(2), 29.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · between Mostovo Village and Sini Vrah Village, LG33(1), 01.V.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Ludi Dol Mountain Brook area, GM43, Mechkina River Valley, between Velingrad and Dospat, 23.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · Barutin Village, KG60, near Dospat River, 27.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · Bistritsa River Valley, GM40, 5 km off the flow in Mesta River, 24.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · Ravnogor Village, KG84, 27.III.2004, leg. D. Georgiev, S. Stoicheva. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 300 m a.s.l. at Asenovgrad and 2091 m a.s.l. in the area of Persenk Summit. Ecological data: A forest species living in deciduous, mixed and coniferous woods, rarely in meadows. In beech and hornbeam woods, sometimes in great numbers (WIKTOR, 1983). Mesothermic, meshygrophilic species. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. # Deroceras (Agriolimax) reticulatum (Müller, 1774) This species was reported by URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR (1968) from Asenova Fortress and Bachkovski Monastery. Later WIKTOR (1983) in his synopsis paper concerning the Bulgarian slugs did not confirm these localities for D. reticulatum and according to his comments in many of the cases this species was wrongfully identified with D. turcicum. Our study on specimens from these localities showed that the species which actually occurs there is D. turcicum and therefore we assume that D. reticulatum for now is an invalid taxon for the fauna of the Western Rhodopes. 92. Deroceras (Agriolimax) agreste (Linnaeus, 1758) Agriolimax agrestis: JURINICH, 1906: 11; WOHLBEREDT, 1911: 184. Deroceras agreste: URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR, 1968: 70. Deroceras (Deroceras) agreste: DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 320. Deroceras (Agriolimax) agreste: WIKTOR, 1983: 180. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): JURINICH (1906) GM45(4), GM46, LG02(3), WOHLBEREDT (1911) GM45(4), GM46, LG02(3), URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR (1968) “? Durken”, GM36, DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) “? Durken”, GM36. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered in the area of “? Durken” (which is an unknown locality) and the area of Yundola at 1400 m a.s.l. Ecological data: Insufficient. Zoogeography: Mid European element, European faunistic complex.
Gastropoda
811
93. () Deroceras (Liolytopelte) bureschi (H. Wagner, 1934) Deroceras (Liolytopelte) bureschi: WIKTOR, 1983: 187. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): WIKTOR (1983) GM15, HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993 – “Rhodopes”) Vertical distribution: The so far only known locality of this species in the Western Rhodopes is at about 900 m a.s.l. at Yakoruda Village. Ecological data: Insufficient. Endemism: Endemic taxon for the Balkan Peninsula. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. Helicidae 94. Helicigona trizona rumelica (Rossmässler, 1838) Campylea (Cattania) trizona rumelica: WAGNER A., 1927: 376 Helicigona (Cattania) trizona rumelica: URBAŃSKI, 1960a: 93; 1960b: 100; HUDEC & VASATKO, 1971: 8. Helicigona trizona rumelica: URBAŃSKI, 1960b: 81; 1964: 27; 1971: 225; KÖRNIG, 1983: 37. Helicigona trizona subsp.: URBAŃSKI, 1969: 228. Helicigona trizona: DAMJANOV & L. PINTER, 1969: 36, 38; PINTER I. & L. PINTER, 1970: 87, 88; CLAUSS, 1977: 309; KÖRNIG, 1983: 36. Faustina (Cattania) trizona rumelica: DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 378. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): WAGNER A. (1927) LG24(2), URBAŃSKI (1960a – “Rhodopes”), URBAŃSKI (1960b) LG14(1), URBAŃSKI (1960b,c), URBAŃSKI (1964), RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI (1964) LG24(2), LG25(2), URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR (1968) LG24(2), URBAŃSKI (1969) KG80(2), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG24(4), LG25(3), PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG75(1), KG93(1), URBAŃSKI (1971) KG81(1), HUDEC & VASATKO (1971) LG24(2), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) KG61(1), KG80(1), KG91(1), LG24(2), LG25(2), CLAUSS (1977) KG93(1), LG01(3,4), LG02(1), LG03(4), LG01-LG11, LG11, LG24(2), KÖRNIG (1983) LG24(1), LG00(1), LG13(2), LG23(4), HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993) KG61(1), KG80(1), KG91, LG00(1), LG24(1,2), LG25(1), IRIKOV À. & Ò. IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. New localites (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · between Narechenski Bani Mountain Resort and Hvoyna Village, LG03-LG04-LG14, northern of Hvoyna Village and Chepelarska River Valley, 11.X.2001, leg. A. Irikov. · Devin, KG82(1), Mogilitsa Village, LF09, Trigradska River Valley (from Devin to Trigrad Village) KG80-KG81-KG82, Buynovska River Gorge KG71(3), Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley KG71, KG72, V.2001, V.2002, leg. A. Irikov, 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, I. Mollov, K. Kirov. · Zabardo Village, KG92, 24.V.2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Belitsa Village, LG23(2), Belitsa River Valley, 23.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Smolyan, Sredorek quarter, LG00(3), Cherna River Valley, 5 km west of the town, 03.VII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · between Hvoyna Village and Chepelare, near Dragiitsa Summit, LG13(1), east of Chepelarska River, 10.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova.
812
A. IRIKOV, I. MOLLOV
·
between Hrabrino Village and Dedovo Village, LG05(2), 06.XI.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Hrabrino Village, LG05(4), Pepelasha River Valley, 27.XI.2004, A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Krichim Dam area, KG84-KG85, 29.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · Ravnogor Village, KG84, 27.III.2004, leg. D. Georgiev, S. Stoicheva. · Parvenets Village, LG06, Parvenetska River Valley, 26.X.2004, leg. I. Mollov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 300 m a.s.l. at Parvenets and 1600 m a.s.l. in Chudni Mostove Rock Bridges area, but it probably reaches 2000 m a.s.l. Ecological data: It inhabits limestones, but it can also be found in broadleaved forests and rarely in pinetree forests as well as in open rocky terrains. Mesophilic, thermophilic, relatively drought-resistant. Taxonomical data: Conchiologically this is one very polymorphic species, which shows great variations in form, size, color and other conchiological characteristics depending on the environmental conditions and the altitude. Often specimens with deviations of the genital system are found. For example in the area of Parvenets Village a specimen was found with only one branch of the salivary gland instead of two. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. # Helicigona trizona balcanica (Kobelt, 1876) This subspecies was wrongfully reported by KÖRNIG (1983) for the area of Velingrad, where Helicigona trizona rumelica occurs and in our opinion this should be considered an invalid taxon for the fauna of the Western Rhodopes. 95. () Helicigona haberhaueri (Sturany, 1897) Helicigona (Cattania) trizona haberhaueri: HUDEC & VASATKO, 1973: 24. Faustina (Cattania) trizona haberhaueri: DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 381. Helicigona haberhaueri: IRIKOV, 2002: 96. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): HUDEC & VASATKO (1973) LG24(2), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975 – “Rhodopes”), IRIKOV (2002) LG23LG24-LG25-LG34. New localites (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Zabardo Village, Kamaka Summit area, LG03(7), Grueva Bichkiya area LG02(6), 24.V.2004, leg. Irikov. · Dur-Daa Summit, KG81(3), north of Trigrad Village, 17.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Lepenitsa River Valley, GM45-KG54, 22.VIII.2004, leg. D.Georgiev. · Ludi Dol Mountain Brook area, GM43, Mechkina River Valley, between Velingrad and Dospat, 23.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · Velingrad, Kleptuza Lake, GM45(2), 08.IX.2003, leg. Kirov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 400 m a.s.l. at Bachkovo Village and 1693 m a.s.l. in the area of Prestoy (Dur-Daa) Summit north of Trigrad Village.
Gastropoda
813
Ecological data: It inhabits very diverse habitats in the middle and high parts of the mountain and prefers rocks within broadleaved forests, but rarely it can be found in pinetree forests with high humidity. Meso- to microthermic, mesohygrophilic, cool-loving, cold- resistant. Endemism: Bulgarian endemic taxon. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. 96. Cepaea vindobonensis (Ferussac, 1821) Cepaea vindobonensis: PINTER L., 1968: 220. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): PINTER L. (1968) LG14LG24-LG25(2), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG24(4), PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG75(1), HUDEC & VASATKO (1971) LG24(2), CLAUSS (1977) KG93(1), LG03(4), LG24(2), KÖRNIG (1983) GM45(1), LG24(1), LG23(4), IRIKOV À. & Ò. IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. New localites (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Chepelarska River Valley (from Bachkovo Village to Hvoyna Village) LG24-LG14LG03, 2001-2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Oreshitsa River Valley (from Hvoyna Village to Orehovo Village), in the direction of Persenk Summit, LG03(3), 2000 - 2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Trigrad Village, KG80(1), Teshel Village, KG71(1), Buynovska River Gorge, KG71(3), Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley KG71, KG72, V.2001, V.2002, leg. A. Irikov. · Rudozem, LF29, 04.V.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · Bistritsa River Valley GM40, 5 km before the flow to Mesta River, 24.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · Ravnogor Village, KG84, 27.III.2004, leg. D. Georgiev, S. Stoicheva. · Devin, Tsarkvata area, KG82(3), 2004, leg. N. Vutova. · Parvenets Village, LG06, Parvenetska River Valley, 26.X.2004, leg. I. Mollov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 300 m a.s.l. at Parvenets Village and 1600 m a.s.l. in the area of Chudni Mostove Rock Bridges. Ecological data: It inhabits open herbaceous habitats, sparce broadleaved forests, within shrubs and in open rocky areas in the lower and middle parts of the mountain. Xeromesophilic, thermophilic, drought-resistant (IRIKOV, 2002). Zoogeography: According to IRIKOV (2002) this species belongs to the Mid European element of the European faunistic complex. After additional analysis of the species contemporary areal, its ecological requirements and the geological history of the Euroasian dryland, we think that this species should be characterized as Pontosubmediterranean subelement, Steppe element, Steppe Euroasian faunistic complex. 97. Helix (Physospira) vulgaris Rossmässler, 1839 Helix (Helix) philibinensis: URBAŃSKI, 1960a: 98; 1960b: 106; URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR, 1968: 57. Helix philibinensis: PINTER L., 1968: 220; DAMJANOV & L. PINTER, 1969: 36. Helix (Physospira) vulgaris: DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 396.
814
A. IRIKOV, I. MOLLOV
Helix vulgaris: CLAUSS, 1977: 309; KÖRNIG, 1983: 37; HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993): 187. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI (1960a – “Rhodopes”), URBAŃSKI (1960b) LG24(2), LG25(1,2), URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR (1968) LG24(2), PINTER L. (1968) LG14-LG24-LG25(2), LG24(2), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG25(3), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) LG25(1), CLAUSS (1977) LG03(4), KÖRNIG (1983) GM45(1), LG24(1), HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al., 1993) LG25(1). New localites (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Bistritsa River Valley, GM40, 5 km before the flow to Mesta River, 24.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · between Beslen Village and Slashten Village, GL49-KF59, near Mesta River, 26.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · between Barutin Village and Zmeitz Village, Sarnena River Valley, KG61(2), 28.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · Kritchim Dam area, KG84-KG85, 29.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 300 m a.s.l. at Asenovgrad and 1200 m a.s.l. in the Sarnena River Valley, between Barutin Village and Zmeitsa Village. Ecological data: It prefers open limestone terrains with herbaceous and shrub vegetation with low humidity. Xerophilic, thermophilic, drought-resistant. Zoogeography: Pontosubmediterranean subelement, Steppe element, Steppe Euroasian faunistic complex. 98. Helix (Helix) lucorum Linnaeus, 1758 Helix lucorum: CLAUSS, 1977: 309; KÖRNIG, 1983: 37; IRIKOV, 2002: 96. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): CLAUSS (1977) LG03(3,4), KÖRNIG (1983) GM45(1), LG24(2), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34.. New localites (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Chepelarska River Valley (from Asenovgrad town to Hvoyna Village) LG03-LG04LG14, 2001-2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Tsigov Chark Village area, KG65, 22.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · Ravnogor Village, KG84, 27.III.2004, leg. D. Georgiev, S. Stoicheva. · Parvenets Village, LG06, Parvenetska River Valley, 26.X.2004, leg. I. Mollov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 300 m a.s.l. at Parvenets and 1000 m a.s.l. in the area of Tsigov Chark near Batak Dam. Ecological data: It inhabits limestones with shrub and herbaceous vegetation with low and moderate humidity. Xeromesophilic, thermophilic, drought-resistant, capable of surviving temperature fluctuations. Zoogeography: Irano-Turanian subelement, Subiranian element, Southwestern Asiatic complex. 99. Helix (Helix) pomatia Linnaeus, 1758 Helix pomatia var. rhodopaensis: WOHLBEREDT, 1911: 194. Helix (Helix) pomatia: URBAŃSKI, 1960b: 100. Helix pomatia serbica: URBAŃSKI, 1964: 27.
Gastropoda
815
Helix (Helix) pomatia serbica: URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR, 1968: 57. Helix pomatia: PINTER L., 1968: 220; DAMJANOV & L. PINTER, 1969: 38; PINTER I. & L. PINTER, 1970: 88; CLAUSS, 1977: 309; KÖRNIG, 1983: 37; IRIKOV, 2002: 96. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): WOHLBEREDT (1911 – “slopes of the Rhodopes near Plovdiv”), URBAŃSKI (1960b,c, 1964) LG24(2), URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR (1968) LG24(2), PINTER L. (1968) LG14-LG24-LG25(2), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG25(3), PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG75(1), CLAUSS (1977) LG01(3,4), LG02(1,4), LG11, LG01-LG11, KÖRNIG (1983) LG00(1), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. New localites (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Chepelarska River Valley (from Asenovgrad to Hvoyna Village) LG03-LG14-LG24LG25, 2001-2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Oreshitsa River Valley (from Hvoyna Village to Orehovo Village), LG03(3), in direction to Persenk Summit, 2000 - 2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Orehovo Village, Katargi area, LG04(4), northeast of the village, 31.VI.2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Zabardo Village, Grueva Bichkiya area, LG02(6), Kamaka Summit, LG03(7), coniferous forest, 24.V.2004, leg. A. Irikov. · between Sini Vrah Village and Karadjov Kamak Summit, LG33(3), leg. A. Irikov. · Belitsa Village, LG23(3), Belitsa River Valley, 28.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Smolyan, Sredork quarter, Cherna River Valley, 5 km west of the town, LG00(3), leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Chudni Mostove Rock Bridges area, KG93(1), leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, I. Mollov, K. Kirov. · Rudozem, LF29, 05.V.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · Lepenitsa River Valley, GM45-KG54, 22.VIII.2004, leg. D.Georgiev. · Barutin Village, KG60, near Dospat River, 27.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · Ravnogor Village, KG84, 27.III.2004, leg. D. Georgiev, S. Stoicheva. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 400 m a.s.l. at Bachkovo Village and 1600 m a.s.l. in Chudni Mostove Rock Bridgea area and Pamporovo Mountain Resort area, but probably it reaches higher altitudes. Ecological data: It inhabits broad-leaved forests as well as pinetree forests and open terrains with herbaceous vegetation, especially along rivers, mostly in the middle and the high parts of the mountain. It prefers high humidity and lower temperatures. Mesophilic, mesothermic (IRIKOV, 2002), cool-loving. Zoogeography: Mid European element, European faunistic complex. # Helix (Pelasga) pomacella Mousson, 1854 This species is reported as Helicogena (Helicogena) var. figulina eumolpia by KOBELT (1906) for the slopes of the Rhodopes Mountain near Plovdiv, cited by URBAŃSKI (1960b), who thinks that this is one isolated locality in the Rhodopes Mountain. Additional studies of the latter and many other authors showed that this species is invalid for the fauna of the Western Rhodopes. # Helix (Pelasga) figulina Rossmässler, 1839 This species is reported by KOBELT (1906) for the slopes of the Rhodopes Mountain near Plovdiv with the names Helicogena (Helicogena) var. figulina eumolpia and Helicogena
816
A. IRIKOV, I. MOLLOV
(Helicogena) var. figulina despotina and due the same reasons as with the previous species we think that it should be considered invalid for the fauna of the Western Rhodopes. Bradybaenidae 100. Bradibaena fruticum (Müller, 1774) Bradibaena fruticum: URBAŃSKI, 1960b: 80. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI (1960b) LG24(1), KG83, DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975 – “Rhodopes”), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. New localites (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Kritchim Dam area, KG84-KG85, 28.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 300 m and 1400 m a.s.l. in the area of Dobrostan Ridge. Ecological data: It inhabits mostly broad-leaved forests in the lower and the middle parts of the mountain with relitvely higher humidity and lower temperatures. In the Dobrostan Ridge it is found mostly in the leaf cover of monodominant beech formations with northern exposition at high humidity. Mesophilic, cool-loving, relatively cold-resistant (IRIKOV, 2002). Zoogeography: Mid European element, European faunistic complex. Helicodontidae 101. Lindholmiola girva girva (Frivaldsky, 1835) Caracollina contorta girva: WAGNER A., 1927: 364. Lindholmiola contorta: URBAŃSKI, 1960b: 81, 100; 1960c: 127, 130; URBAŃSKI, 1964: 26; RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI, 1964: 77. Lindholmiola corcyrensis: URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR, 1968: 57; PINTER L., 1968: 220; DAMJANOV & L. PINTER, 1969: 36, 38; PINTER I. & L. PINTER, 1970: 87, 88; HUDEC & VASATKO, 1971: 8; CLAUSS, 1977: 309; KÖRNIG, 1983: 35. Lindholmiola corcyrensis corcyrensis: IRIKOV A. & T. IRIKOVA, 2000: 422; IRIKOV, 2002: 96. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): WAGNER A. (1927) KG95(1), URBAŃSKI (1960b) LG14(1), LG24(2), LG25(2), URBAŃSKI (1960c, 1964) LG24(2), LG25(2), RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI (1964) LG24(2), LG25(2), URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR (1968) LG24(2), PINTER L. (1968) KG93(1), LG14-LG24-LG25(2), LG24(2), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG24(2), LG25(3), PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG75(1), KG93(1), HUDEC & VASATKO (1971) LG24(2), CLAUSS (1977) LG03(4), LG24(2), KÖRNIG (1983) GM45(1), LG00(1), LG24(2), IRIKOV À. & Ò. IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. New localites (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Chepelarska River Valley (from Narechenski Bani Mountain Resortto to Hvoyna Village) LG03-LG04-LG14, 2001-2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Oreshitsa River Valley (from Hvoyna Village to Orehovo Village), in the direction of Persenk Summit, LG03(3), 2000 - 2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Belitsa Village, LG23(3), Belitsa River Valley, 28.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Dragiitsa Summit area, LG03(7), east of Chepelarska River Valley, (between Hvoyna Village and Chepelare), 10.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · between Hrabrino Village and Dedovo Village, LG05(2), a river valley, 06.XI.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova.
Gastropoda
817
·
between Mostovo Village and Sini Vrah Village, LG33(1), 01.V.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Ravnogor Village, KG84, 27.III.2004, leg. D. Georgiev, S. Stoicheva . Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 300 m a.s.l. at Krichim Village and 1600 m a.s.l. in the Chudni Mostove Rock Bridges area. Ecological data: It inhabits limestones and prefers open terrains with sparce forest or shrub vegetation with relatively low temperatures. Xeromesophilic, thermophilic, drought-resistant, capable of surviving considerable temperature fluctuations (IRIKOV A., 2002). Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. 102. () Lindholmiola girva pirinensis Jaeckel, 1954 Lindholmiola corcyrensis: URBAŃSKI, 1969: 227; 1971: 225. Lindholmiola corcyrensis pirinensis: DAMJANOV & LIHKAREV, 1975: 342; HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al. 1993): 183; IRIKOV, 1999: 31. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI (1969) KG80(2), URBAŃSKI (1971) KG81(1), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) KG82(1), HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al. 1993) KG82(1), IRIKOV (1999) KG71(2), KG80(1), KG71, KG72. New localites (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Teshel Village, KG71(1), Buynovska River Gorge, KG71(3), 2001, 2002, leg. A. Irikov; Trigrad Village, Prestoy (Dur-Daa) Summit, KG81(3) in coniferous forest, 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov; Teshel Village, KG71(1), 28.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Lepenitsa River Valley, GM45-KG54, 22.VIII.2004, leg. D.Georgiev. · Bistritsa River Valley, GM40, 5 km off the flow in Mesta River, 24.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · Barutin Village, KG60, near Dospat River, 27.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 500 m a.s.l. at Bistritsa River Valley and about 1550 m a.s.l. in the area of Chairski Lakes. Ecological data: According to IRIKOV (1999) the subspecies is met under stones in the leaf cover of mixed, pinetree and broadleaved formations, under decaying tree logs and rock cracks, covered with moss and Haberlea rhodopaensis Friv., in hygro- to mesohygrothermic conditions. Mesohygrophilic, mesothermic. Endemism: Balkan endemic taxa. The Western Rhodopes is the eastern part of the subspecies areal. Zoogeography: Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. Hygromiidae # Trichia hispida Linnaeus, 1758 This species is reported by DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) as rarely found in the Rhodopes Mountain, but since there are no documented exact localities we think that this is an invalid taxon for the Western Rhodopes.
818
A. IRIKOV, I. MOLLOV
103. () Trichia erjaveci (Brusina, 1870) Trichia erjaveci: DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 370. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) KG64, HUBENOV (In: DELCHEV et al. 1993) KG64. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered only in the area of Batak Village at 1100 m a.s.l. Ecological data: Insufficient. Endemism: Endemic taxon for the Balkan Peninsula. Zoogeography: Eurosiberian subelement, Euroasian Palearctic element, Siberian faunistic complex. 104. Xerolenta obvia (Menke, 1828) Helicella obvia: PINTER L., 1968: 220; URBAŃSKI, 1969: 228; PINTER I. & L. PINTER, 1970: 88; CLAUSS, 1977: 309; IRIKOV, 2002: 96. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): PINTER L. (1968) LG14LG24-LG25(2), LG24(2), URBAŃSKI (1969) KG93(1), PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG75(1), CLAUSS (1977) LG01-LG11, LG01(3,4), LG02(4), LG03(3,4), LG11, IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34 (tabl. 1, fig. 1). New localites (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · between Kuklen Village and Sveti Vratch Monastery, LG15(2), 17.III.2005, leg. A. Irikov. · Chepelarska River Valley (from Bachkovo Village to Hvoyna Village), LG24-LG14LG03, 2001-2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Devin, KG82(1), Trigrad Village, KG80(1), Teshel Village, KG71(1), Buynovska River Gorge, KG71(3), Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley KG71, KG72, 2001, 2002, leg. A. Irikov. · Belitsa Village, LG23(3), Belitsa River Valley, 23.VIII.2003, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · between Hvoyna Village and Chepelare, near Dragiitsa Summit, LG13(1), east of Chepelarska River, 10.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · between Hrabrino Village and Dedovo Village, LG05(2), 06.XI.2004, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Lepenitsa River Valley, GM45-KG54, 22.VIII.2004, leg. D.Georgiev. · Bistritsa River Valley, GM40, 5 km before the flow to Mesta River, 24.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · between Beslen Village and Slashten Village, GL49-KF59, near Mesta River, 26.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · Devin, Tsarkvata area, KG82(3), 2004, leg. N. Vutova. · Velingrad, Avramovo Village and Sveta Petka Village, GM35, 28, 29.VI.2004, leg. M. Ketchev. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 300 m a.s.l. at Kuklen Village and 1600 m a.s.l. in the area of Chudni Mostove Rock Bridges, Studenets Hut and Pamporovo Mountain Resort. Ecological data: It inhabits open limestone terrains with tall herbaceous vegetation at low humidity. Xerophilic, thermophilic, drought-resistant. Zoogeography: IRIKOV (2002), characterized this species as Mid European element of the European faunistic complex, but after additional analysis of the contemporary distribution
Gastropoda
819
and the ecological requirements of the species, and also having in mind the geological history of the Euroasian land we think that it is more accurate to characterize this species as Eastsubmediterranean subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. # Xerolenta obvia razlogi Pinter, 1969 This species is reported for the Western Rhodopes by PINTER (1969) for the area of Velingrad, but due to its unproven taxonomical independence we support the opinion that this is an invalid taxon for the Western Rhodopes. 105. () Helicopsis dejecta (Jan, 1832) Published for Rhodopes from: present study. Localities (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Lepenitsa River Valley, GM45-KG54, 22.VIII.2004, leg. D.Georgiev. Vertical distribution: The only locality, where the species was found in the Western Rhodopes, is at 1041 m a.s.l. Ecological data: Insufficient. Taxonomical data: After a complete study of the genital system of the only found specimen this species was established for certain as a species which occurs in the above mentioned locality in the Western Rhodopes. The shell and the intact genital system are kept in the collection of D-r A. Irikov. Zoogeography: Euxinian subelement, Submediterranean element, European faunistic complex. 106. Pseudotrichia rubiginosa (Schmidt, 1853) Pseudotrichia rubiginosa: IRIKOV, 2002: 96. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24LG25-LG34. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 400 m and 900 m a.s.l. in Dobrostan Ridge. It’s known from few localities in this region, although IRIKOV (2002) reported it for Dobrostan Ridge in general. Ecological data: According to IRIKOV (2002) this species is meso- to mesohygrophilic, mesothermic and considerably cool-loving. Zoogeography: Mid European element, European faunistic complex. 107. Perforatella incarnata (Müller, 1774) Perforatella incarnata: PINTER L., 1968: 220; DAMJANOV & L. PINTER, 1969: 36; PINTER I. & L. PINTER, 1970: 87, 88; CLAUSS, 1977: 309. Monachoides incarnata: DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 367. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): PINTER L. (1968) LG24(2), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG24(4), PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG75(1), KG93(1), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975 – “Rhodopes”), CLAUSS (1977) LG01-LG11, LG01(3), IRIKOV À. & Ò. IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. New localites (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Trigrad Village, Dyavolsko Garlo Cave, KG81(2), 28.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov; Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley KG71, KG72, 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, I. Mollov, K. Kirov.
820
A. IRIKOV, I. MOLLOV
·
between Mostovo Village and Sini Vrah Village, LG33(1), 01.V.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Lepenitsa River Valley, GM45-KG54, 22.VIII.2004, leg. D.Georgiev. · Barutin Village, near Dospat River, KG60, 24, 27.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. · Ravnogor Village, KG84, 27.III.2004, leg. D. Georgiev, S. Stoicheva. · Velingrad, Kleptuza Lake, GM45(2), 08.IX.2003, leg. Kirov. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes this species is registred between 400 m a.s.l. and 1600 m a.s.l. in Chudni Mostove Rock Bridges area and Paqmporovo Mountain Resort. Ecological data: A forest species, which prefers humid broadleaved forests, but rarely it can be found in humid pinetree forests. Mesophilic, mesothermic (IRIKOV, 2002). Zoogeography: Mid European element, European faunistic complex. 108. Monacha (Monacha) cartusiana (Müller, 1774) Monacha cartusiana: URBAŃSKI, 1960b: 100; 1964: 27; PINTER L., 1968: 220. Monacha (Monacha) cartusiana: URBAŃSKI, 1960c: 130; RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI, 1964: 77; URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR, 1968: 57. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI (1960b,c, 1964) LG24(2), RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI (1964) LG24(2), LG25(2), URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR (1968) LG24(2), PINTER L. (1968) LG24(2), HUDEC & VASATKO (1971) LG24(2), CLAUSS (1977) LG01(3), LG02(4), LG03(3,4), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. New localites (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Belitsa Village, LG23(2), Belitsa River Valley, 23.VIII.2003, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Trigrad Village, Dyavolsko Garlo Cave, KG81(2), 28.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov; Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley KG71, KG72, 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, I. Mollov, K. Kirov. · between Mostovo Village and Sini Vrah Village, LG33(1), 01.V.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Bistritsa River Valley, 5 km before the flow to Mesta River, GM40, 24.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev. Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 350 m a.s.l. at Asenova Fortress and 1600 m a.s.l. in the area of Pamporovo Mountain Resort. Ecological data: It prefers open herbaceous terrains with tall grass and shrubs. Mesophilic, thermophilic, relatively drought-resistant. Taxonomical data: According to HAUSDORF (2000) the distribution of this species in Bulgaria is uncertain, because very often it is wrongfully identified and confused with its conchiological twin Monacha claustralis (Menke, 1828). Our preliminary anatomical studies on limited material from the valley of Chepelarska River in the area of Bachkovo, Narechenski Bani Mountain Resort and Hvoyna Village, and also from Kamaka Summit area near Zabardo Village showed that only Monacha claustralis occurs there. These results show that it is indeed very possible that all of the material from the Western Rhodopes reported as M. cartusiana belongs to M. claustralis. To clarify the distribution of these two close species in the Western Rhodopes and in Bulgaria additional studies are required. Zoogeography: Mid European element, European faunistic complex.
Gastropoda
821
109. () Monacha (Monacha) claustralis (Menke, 1828) Published for the Western Rhodopes in the present study. New localites (tabl 1, 2; fig. 1): · Chepelarska River Valley (from Narechenski Bani Village to Hvoyna Village) LG03LG14-LG24-LG25, 2001-2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Zabardo Village, Kamaka Summit area LG03(7), 02.VIII.2004, leg. A. Irikov. Vertical distrbution: In the Western Rhodopes this species ir registered between 600 m a.s.l. and 1600 m a.s.l. in Kamaka Summit area. Ecological data: It prefers open herbaceous terrains with tall grass, but often it can be found as synanthrope in agricultural lands, meadows and gardens as well as in house yards in urban areas. Mesohygrophilic, mesothermic. Zoogeography: Pontosubmediterranean subelement, Steppe element, Steppe Euroasiatic faunistic complex. 110. Monacha (Monacha) carascaloides (Bourguignat, 1855) Monacha (Monacha) carascaloides: URBAŃSKI, 1960c: 127, 130; RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI, 1964: 77. Monacha carascaloides: URBAŃSKI, 1964: 27; PINTER L., 1968: 220. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI (1960c, 1964) LG25(2), RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI (1964) LG25(2), PINTER L. (1968) LG14-LG24-LG25(2), LG24(2), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG25(3), CLAUSS (1977) LG24(2). Vertical distribution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 350 m a.s.l. at Asenova Krepost and 600 m a.s.l. in the area of Narechenski Bani Mountain Resort. Ecological data: Insufficient. Taxonomical data: In our opinion more confirmations are needed for the presence of the species in Chepelarska River Valley after performance of anatomical studies of the genital system. According to HAUSDORF (2000) a big part of the material reported as M. carascaloides from Bulgaria is wrongfully identified and confused with its conchiological twin Monacha solidior (Mousson, 1863). All of the material that we examined anatomically from Bachkovo Village, Narechenski Bani Mountain Resort and Hvoyna Village and Chepelarska River Valley showed that it belongs to M. claustralis, but we recommend additional studies on that matter. Zoogeography: Asia Minor subelement, Subiranian element, Southwestern Asiatic faunistic complex. 111. Eumphalia strigella (Draparnaud, 1801) Euomphalia (Euomphalia) strigella mehadiae: URBAŃSKI, 1960b: 99; RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI, 1964: 77; URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR, 1968: 57. Eumphalia strigella mehadiae: URBAŃSKI, 1960c: 130; 1964: 27; URBAŃSKI, 1971: 255; DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975: 374. Eumphalia strigella: PINTER L., 1968: 220; DAMJANOV & L. PINTER, 1969: 36; PINTER I. & L. PINTER, 1970: 88; CLAUSS, 1977: 309; IRIKOV A. & T. IRIKOVA, 2000: 422. Euomphalla strigella: IRIKOV, 2002: 96. Published for the Western Rhodopes by (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): URBAŃSKI (1960b,c, 1964) LG24(2), RIEDEL & URBAŃSKI (1964) LG24(2), URBAŃSKI & WIKTOR (1968)
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LG24(2), PINTER L. (1968) LG14-LG24-LG25(2), LG24(2), DAMJANOV & L. PINTER (1969) LG24(4), PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970) KG75(1), URBAŃSKI (1971) KG81(1), DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975 – “Chepelarska Reka River Valley”), CLAUSS (1977) LG01-LG11, LG01(3,4), LG02(1,2,4), LG03(3,4), LG24(2) LG11, IRIKOV À. & Ò. IRIKOVA (2000) LG24(3), IRIKOV (2002) LG23-LG24-LG25-LG34. New localites (tabl. 1, 2; fig. 1): · Chepelarska River Valley (from Narechenski Bani Mountain Resort to Hvoyna Village) LG04-LG14, 2001-2004, leg. A. Irikov. · Smolyan town, Sredorek quarter, LG00(3), Cherna River Valley, 5 km west of the town, leg. A. Irikov, T. Irikova. · Teshel Village, KG71(1), Orpheus near hotel-restaurant, 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, I. Mollov, K. Kirov. · Kastrakli Reserve, Chakin Dol River Valley, KG71, KG72, 30.IV.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov. · Chairski Lakes, KG80(2), 29.IV.2003, leg. Irikov. · between Mostovo Village and Sini Vrah Village, LG33(1), 01.V.2003, leg. I. Dedov, A. Irikov, K. Kirov, I. Mollov · Lepenitsa River Valley, GM45-KG54, 22.VIII.2004, leg. D.Georgiev · Barutin Village, KG60, near Dospat River, 27.VIII.2004, leg. D. Georgiev · Ravnogor Village, KG84, 27.III.2004, leg. D. Georgiev, S. Stoicheva · Yundola Mountain Resort, GM36, 24.VI.2004, leg. M. Kechev Vertical distibution: In the Western Rhodopes the species is registered between 400 m a.s.l. at Bachkovski Monastery and 1600 m a.s.l. in the area of Studenets Hut and Pamporovo Mountain Resort. Ecological data: A forest species, which prefers broad-leaved forests especially in the mountain river valleys. It inhabits humid and shady places. Mesophilic, cool-loving, cold-resistant (IRIKOV, 2002 – wrongfully written under N 62). Zoogeography: Mid European element, European faunistic complex.
Discussion After a critical evaluation of some recent data we consider the Bulgarian terrestrial malacofauna consisting of 228 species and 51 subspecies of terrestrial snails (these numbers include new taxa established by IRIKOV, 2006-in press and new taxa for Bulgarian fauna reported in the current paper). For the Western Rhodopes Mountain 106 species and 19 subspecies (111 taxa) of terrestrial snails were established which represent 46 % of the terrestrial malacofauna of Bulgaria. The terrestrial snails inhabiting the Western Rhodopes Mountain are represented by 28 families of the 30 known for the Bulgarian malacofauna. The number of species and subspecies is as follows (fig. 2): Clausiliidae – 22, Zonitidae and Hygromiidae – by 9, Enidae – 8, Limacidae – 7, Milacidae, Vertiginidae, Helicidae – with 6, Agrioimacidae – 5, Vitrinidae, Daudebardiidae – by 4, Valloniidae – 3, Helicodontidae, Pupillidae, Orculidae, Chondrinidae, Cochlicopidae, Arionidae – by 2 Pomatiasidae, Aciculidae,
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Fig. 2. Percentage apportionment of the terrestrial snails in the Western Rhodopes by families (1 taxa = 1,5 %). Ellobiidae, Pleurodiscidae, Succenidae, Ferussaciidae, Euconidae, Gastrodontidae, Endodontidae, Bradybaenidae – by 1. For the first time in Bulgaria 5 new taxa for the fauna of the Rhodopes Mountain are reported and 4 new taxa for the Bulgarian fauna. After a critical evaluation of 24 taxa has been carried out, we consider them invalid for the fauna of the Western Rhodopes Mountain. There are 32 endemic taxa registered: 19 taxa endemic for Bulgaria, 16 of which are regional endemics for the Western Rhodopes Mountain, and 13 taxa endemic to the Balkan Peninsula. In the process of ecological characterization three large ecological groups were established, which include a great number of variety in terms of the species ecological type. The first ecological group comprises mesophilic and mesothermic species and subspecies part of them having ecological requirements and tolerance to the humidity and temperature close to the average values (21, 27, 32, 33, 42, 45, 64, 65, 67, 78, 79, 86, 90, 91, 99, 107, 109 – 17 taxa). Here we could add two more different groups distinguished by their thermophility and thermo tolerance – one consisting mesophilic, cold-loving and cold tolerant species and subspecies (3, 17, 19, 29, 37, 38, 39, 57, 69, 81, 111 – 11 taxa), and the other involving mesophilic, thermophilic and drought-resistant species and subspecies (, 30, 76, 94, 100, 108 – 6 taxa). Thirty-four taxa make up this diverse group with average or close to the average ecological preferences and tolerance.
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The second ecological group consists of hygrophites or mesohygrophites, cool- or cold-resistant species and subspecies (2, 10, 12, 14, 18, 40, 43, 52, 53, 55, 56, 60, 66, 70, 71, 72, 74, 85, 87, 88, 89, 95, 106 – 23 taxa). That ecological group is also characterized by a large variability mainly concerning preferences and tolerance to temperature. The third ecological group consists of xerophitic or xeromesophitic, thermophilic and to some extent drought-resistant species and subspecies (4, 8, 9, 13, 15, 16, 20, 22, 23 24 25, 26, 35, 48, 50, 59, 63, 68, 97, 98, 102, 104 – 22 taxa). This group also varies within its extent of the xerophility and the drought-resistance. Because of the high limit of tolerance and euryphility to the ecological conditions many taxa are separated in a separate group of euryhigrobiontic and eurythermic species and subspecies (15, 16, 20, 22, 23, 39, 41, 51, 54, 61, 62, 65, 75, 77, 82, 84 – 16 taxa). The lack of ecological information or insufficient information on some taxa in the studied region till now have led to inability to typify the species ecologically (5, 6, 7, 11, 28, 30, 31, 34, 44, 46, 47, 49, 58, 73, 80, 83, 92, 103, 105, 110 – 20 taxa). Fifteen species are determined as absolute calcareousness demanding (12, 15, 16, 30, 32, 33, 35, 37, 38, 40, 41, 43, 50, 51, 76 – 15 taxa), 10 taxa are closely connected with rocks (15, 16, 31, 35, 37, 38, 40, 41, 43, 50) and the first two species (15, 16) can be classified as petrophiles. The terrestrial malacofauna of the Western Rhodopes Mountain consists of 5 faunistic complexes and has the following zoogeographic structure (fig. 3): Northern Holarctic complex – 1 species: 1. Boreo-mountainous element – 1 species; Siberian complex – 15 species: 1. Euroasiatic Palaearctic element – 6 species:
Fig. 3. Percentage apportionment of the terrestrial snails in the Western Rhodopes by zoogeographic faunistic complexes (1 taxa = 1,5 %).
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a. Eurosiberian subelement – 3 species; b. Transpalaearctic subelement – 3 species; 2. Holarctic element – 9 species; European complex – 86 species and subspecies: 1. Mid European element – 28 species; 2. European mountainous element – 11 species and subspecies: a. Mid European mountainous subelement – 5 species and subspecies; b. South European mountainous subelement – 6 species; 3. Submediterranean element – 47 species and subspecies: a. Holosubmediterranean subelement – 1 species; b. Eastsubmediterranean subelement – 42 species and subspecies; c. Euxinian subelement – 4 species; Steppe Euroasiatic complex – 3 species: 1. Steppe element – 3 species: a. Pontosubmediterranean subelement – 3 species; Southwestern Asiatic complex – 4 species: 1. Subiranian element – 4 species: a. Irano-Turanian subelement – 2 species; b. Asia Minor subelement – 2 species; Mediterranean complex – 1 species: 1. Eastmediterranean element – 1 species One taxon has no clear zoogeographical status. The Western Rhodopes Mountain is a physicogeographycal region with extremely large species diversity of terrestrial snails, where a considerably small area is inhabited by almost half of the whole Bulgarian malacofauna. The reasons for that are complex. The Rhodopes are geologically old land, where the complicated composition of the recent malacofauna had been formed for a long time; whereas the optimal climatic conditions and physicogeoraphyc situation of the Western Rhodopes Mountain had permitted the affirmation of diverse ecological and zoogeographical types and groups and are the reason for the very complex character of the malacofauna. The geological development of the Eurasian land showed that fauna from different regions and with different direction has crossed the Rhodopes; the presence of proterozoic marbles and other limestones having a positive effect on the development of many calcareous and thermophilic forms; the absence of icing in the Western Rhodopes during the glacial period and last but not least the great variety of habitats in horizontal and vertical direction. The diverse and complex character of the Western Rhodopes is confirmed by the presence of species and subspecies of 28 families of terrestrial snails in Bulgaria. The Clausiliidae family distinctively stands out among most taxa, which is due to the presence of suitable ecological and geological (limestones) conditions for this mountain in terms of origin and existence group. The Western Rhodopes Mountain is characterized by a very high percent of endemism - S! of the endemic taxa for the Bulgarian malacofauna. The presence of 16 regional endemic taxa defines the Western Rhodopes as a mountain territory with the biggest diversity of regional endemics and a powerful center of species formation. In comparison we present actual data on the endemism of the Bulgarian terrestrial
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malacofauna: fifty-eight (58) taxa endemic to Bulgaria and 29 taxa endemic to the Balkan Peninsula (in general 87 taxa). The distribution of the Bulgarian endemic taxa in physico-geographical regions is as follows (fig. 4): 18 for the Rhodopes Mountain (16 taxa for the Western Rhodopes and 2 for the Rhodopes in general); 15 for Stara Planina Mountain (7 for the Western, 5 for the Middle, 2 for the Eastern and 1 taxa for the whole territory of Stara Planina Mountain); 9 for Pirin Mountain; 3 for Black Sea Coast; 2 for Rila Mountain; 2 for Sredna Gora Mountain; 2 for Gornotrakiiska Lowland, 2 for Stara Planina Mountain and Dobrudja Lowland; 1 for Strandja Mountain; 1 for Middle Stara Planina Mnt. and the Western Rhodopes Mnt.; 1 for Northwestern Bulgaria; 1 for Southeastern Bulgaria and 1 typical for most of the mountain regions of Bulgaria. Most of the regional endemic taxa belong to the Clausiliidae family (12 taxa), which in the Western Rhodopes is characterized by strongly fragmented and often “island” type of distribution. The species formation processes in this typically mountain group are stimulated by the presence of diverse ecological conditions in the different parts of the mountain. The puzzle-type of distribution of the limestone terrains has lead up to the formation of very different fauna, which has developed in conditions of isolation and close specialization to the specific environmental conditions. On the other hand, due to the colonization of monotypic limestone habitats by this rich in species and subspecies group, there was probably a strong ecological specialization present in terms of differentiation of the ecological niches. The process of differentiation of the “clusilid” niches in some taxa was probably attended with the formation of close food specialization. In this way we can explain the common “island” distribution of many of the taxa within the range of wide limestone terrains where their distribution is probably limited by the presence of specific food base (lichen, fungi etc.) – the distribution of Macedonica zilchi in the wide Trigradski Karst Gorge, for example, is limited only to a very small patch of the Trigradsko Zhdrelo area, Macedonica hartmuti – only in a small valley of Mostovska Suchitsa Riverà, Macedonica teodorae – only on a rocky hill etc. To prove this hypothesis, however, additional future studies on the food ecology of the mentioned taxa are needed. The ecological typification showed that in the Western Rhodopes the mesophilic and mesothermic species and subspecies predominate. In terms of humidity variations and temperature, most of the species prefer the moderate part of the spectrum, followed by the ones, which prefer “cold and humid” and those, which prefer “warm and dry” spectrum. The domination of this ecological group defines the Western Rhodopes as a territory where there are most suitable conditions for the existence of terrestrial snails typical for the deciduous forests of Central and Eastern Europe. The other two ecological groups include terrestrial snails with contrast requirements for humidity and temperature (hygro- ! xero-) and they are far removed from the moderate spectrum. The terrestrial snails with preferences for the “cold and humid” spectrum inhabit different northern areas in Europe and Asia or such, which are common for the Palearctic and Holarctic. In the Western Rhodopes these species find suitable environmental conditions in the beech and pinetree zone or near mountain brooks and rivers, lakes and swamps. Some of them have glacial origin and mountain disjunctive areal in Bulgaria.
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The terrestrial snails, which prefer the “warm and dry” spectrum, have very diverse genesis, but their distribution in the Western Rhodopes is positively influenced by the presence of limestone terrains, which are the most suitable habitats for thermophilic species. Most of the taxa classified as euryvalent are mainly with European genesis, formed in conditions of big daily and seasonal fluctuations of temperature and humidity and in the Western Rhodopes they inhabit all altitudes. The richness of petrophilic, calcareous and thermophilic forms in the Western Rhodopes is due to the presence of wide limestone terrains in this part of the mountain in contrast to the Eastern Rhodopes, where due to the predominance of silicate rocks many of the calcareous forms do not occur. In relation to zoogeography the main part of the malacofauna of the Western Rhodopes is composed of terrestrial snails from the European faunistic complex (fig. 3), where taxa belonging to the submediterranean element (namely to eastmediterranean subelement) are distinctively predominant, followed by taxa that belong to the Mid European and European mountainous elements. This correlation shows that the Western Rhodopes belong to the submediterreanean zoogeographical province and widen the list of the submediterranean faunistic taxa in Bulgaria. The next group is of the species from the Siberian faunistic complex, which according to IRIKOV A., (2002) shows the “European closeness of the malacofauna” from this region and “its relation to the European-West Siberian biogeographic province of the Palearctic”. According to the same author “the high level of presence of limestone terrains and the presence of xerothermic regions is positively influencing the invasion and the settling of small number of species with Southwestern Asian center of distribution”, which belong to the Southwestern Asiatic faunistic complex. The other three faunistic complexes mentioned before have insignificant presence in the Western Rhodopes.
Conservation status and contemporary threats to the malacofauna in the Western Rhodopes From the Bulgarian terrestrial malacofauna only three taxa, inhabiting the Western Rhodopes, are evaluated as having conservation significance and have the following conservation status (by HUBENOV, in press): Balea perversa (included in the European Red Book in the “vulnerable” category; included in the CORINE program); Helix lucorum (included in Appendix ²V of Zakon za Biologichnoto Raznoobrazie [The Biodiversity Law] - Darzhaven vestnik [State Gazette], 77/2002); Helix pomatia (included in Appendix ²V of Zakon za Biologichnoto Raznoobrazie [The Biodiversity Law] - State Gazette [Darzhaven vestnik], 77/2002; Appendix ²²² of the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern Convention); Appendix V of Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora; the CORINE Program, European Red Book). In our oppinion there is an urgent need of contemporary analysis and evaluation of the condition of the terrestrial malacofauna in Bulgaria and the preparation of an expert evaluation of its conservation significance and status.
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The Western Rhodopes is a unique territory in Bulgaria, where at this point many local endemics have been established, most of which have an “island” type of distribution and inhabit very small territories (see IRIKOV, 2006-in press). These species don’t have conservation problems, which are typical for most animals, but due to our concrete observations it is our oppinion that they are potentially vulnerable as an object of a hidden and very significant contemporary threat – collecting of large amounts of live specimens (rarely empty shells due to the bad condition of their upper layer) and their illegal transfer across Bulgarian borders and their use by dealers and collectors of scallops in the world. A disturbing proof of the scale of this process are the many dealer’s sites in the Global network, where many of the rarest, endemic species of terrestrial snails of Bulgaria are offered for sale. Having in mind our expert evaluation of the recent condition and the contemporary threats to the local Bulgarian endemic terrestrial snails from the Western Rhodopes and considering the concepts of the Global Strategy for the Biodiversity Conservation (“every form of life is unique and has the right to be preserved”), the Convention On Biological Diversity (ratified for Bulgaria on 29.02.1996) and last but not least the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (SITES, ratified for Bulgaria in 1990 and applicable from April 1991) (by GEORGIEV, 2004) with the current paper we suggest the following: 1. All local Bulgarian endemics of terrestrial snails from the Western Rhodopes must be included in the new edition of the Bulgarian Red Book in the categories “vulnerable” or “threathened”. 2. All local Bulgarian endemic species of terrestrial snails from the Western Rhodopes should be categorized with European ? of global significance and should be included in the European Red List. 3. To strengthen up the customs control and a more effective application of the SITES convention must be ensured concerning the terrestrial snails. In many of the cases, through the Bulgarian border many unregistered alive animals are transferred, which are hidden inside the shell and at the customs they are declared as scallops and souvenirs. Because of this, additional control on the transfer of scallops through the Bulgarian border should be exercised or it should be forbidden in general.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to express their sincerest gratitude to everyone who has collected material from the Western Rhodopes for the current paper: Dr. D. Bechev, D. Georgiev, Dr. I. Dedov, I. Ivanov, T. Irikova, K. Kirov, M. Kechev, S. Stoicheva, E. Tilova and N. Vutova.
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WAGNER A. 1927. Studien zur Molluskenfauna der Balkanhalbinsel mit besonderer Berücksichtigung Bulgariens und Thraziens, nebst monographischer Bearbeitung einzelner Gruppen. - Ann. zool. Mus. Polon, 6(4): 263-399. WAGNER H. 1934. Die Nacktschnecken des Königlichen Naturhistorischen Museum in Sofia. - Mitt. königl. naturwiss. Inst. Sofia, 7: 51-60. WIKTOR A. 1975. New Slug Species (Pulmonata: Milacidae and Limacidae) from the Balkan Peninsula. - Ann. zool., 33(6): 77-91. WIKTOR A. 1983. The slugs of Bulgaria (Arionidae, Limacidae, Agriolimacidae - Gastropoda, Stylommatophora). - Ann. zool. Polska Akad. nauk, 37(1/3): 71-206. WOHLBEREDT O. 1911. Zur Molluskenfauna von Bulgarien. - Abhandl. Naturf. Ges. Göerlitz, 27: 167-234.
Authors’ addresses: Atanas IRIKOV University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology and Nature Conservation, 24 Tsar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected] Ivelin MOLLOV Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology and Nature Conservation, 24 Tsar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
Сухоземна гaстроподна фауна (Mollusca: Gastropoda) на Западните Родопи (България) Атанас ИРИКОВ, Ивелин МОЛЛОВ (Р е з ю м е) За първи път чрез тази обзорна статия е направен обобщен анализ на сухоземната малакофауна на Западни Родопи. По литературни и нови данни в Западните Родопи са установени 106 вида и 19 подвида (111 таксона) сухоземни охлюви, което представлява приблизително половината от сухоземната малакофауна на България. За всеки таксон е представен синонимен списък за Западните Родопи, списък на авторите, които го съобщават, UTM координатите на съобщаваните локалитети, както и нови данни за разпространението, вертикалното разпространение, таксономични и екологични данни, ендемизъм и зоогеографска принадлежност. Установените в Западни Родопи видове и подвидове сухоземни охлюви принадлежат към 28 семейства. Съобщават се 4 нови таксона за фауната на Родопите и 4 нови таксона за фауната на България. Авторите считат, че 24 таксона въобще или поне на този етап са невалидни за фауната на Западни Родопи. Като особеност се изтъква наличието на голямо видово богатство на сухоземната малакофауна на Западни Родопи, където се срещат почти половината от известните за България сухоземни охлюви и се коментират някои от причините за това.
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A. IRIKOV, I. MOLLOV
Регистрирани са 32 ендемични таксона: 19 таксона са ендемични за България, 16 от които са регионални ендемити за Западни Родопи, а други 13 таксона са ендемични за Балканския полуостров. Западните Родопи се характеризират като физикогеографски район с много висок процент на ендемизъм, където се срещат повече от 1/3 от ендемичните таксони на Българската малакофауна. Сред регионалните ендемити преобладават таксони от планинското по произход семейство Clausiliidae. Авторите оценяват Западните Родопи като планинска територия с най-голямо разнообразие на регионални ендемити в България и като мощен, център на формообразуване. За сравнение, по физикогеографски региони са представени данни относно ендемизма на сухоземната малакофауна на България. Направена е екологичната характеристика на сухоземните охлюви на Западни Родопи и те са причислени към три екологични групи, с много разновидности и вариации в екологичният тип. Към първата екологична група се отнасят мезофилни и мезотермни видове и подвидове част, от които имат екологични изисквания и толерантност към влажността и температурата близки до средните, но тук също са причислени и мезофили, които малко или много са хладнолюбиви и хладноустойчиви както и мезофили, които са малко или много топлолюбиви и сухоустойчиви. Към тази разнородна група със средни или близки до средните екологични преференции и толерантност са причислени 34 таксона. Счита се, че доминирането на тази екологична група определя Западни Родопи като територия, в която има най-благоприятни условия за съществуване на сухоземни охлюви характерни за листопадните и смесени гори на Средна и Източна Европа. Към втората екологична група са причислени хигрофилни или мезохигрофилни, хладнолюбиви, хладно- или студоустойчиви видове и подвидове, където също е отчетена голяма вариабилност най-вече по отношение на преференциите и толерантността към температурата. Към третата екологична група са причислени ксерофилни или ксеромезофилни, топлолюбиви и в различна степен сухоустойчиви видове и подвидове с частични вариации относно степента на ксерофилност и сухоустойчивост. Поради големият предел на толерантност и еврифилност спрямо екологичните условия много таксони са отделени в отделна обобщена група на еврихигробионтните и евритермни видове и подвидове. Повечето от тези таксони се счита, че са с Европейски генезис, възникнали в условията на големи денонощни и сезонни флуктоации на температурата и влажността и в Западни Родопи се срещат от най-малките до най-големите височини. Посочени са и таксоните, които са калцифилни и петрофилни, чието изобилие в Западни Родопи се дължи на наличието на обширни карстови терени. В зоогеографско отношение, основната част от малакофауната на Западни Родопи се разглежда като част от Европейския фаунистичен комплекс с отчетливо доминиране на таксони от субмедитеранския фаунистичен елемент (по точно източносубмедитеранския поделемент), следвани от средноевропейски и европейски планински фаунистични елементи, което съотношение според авторите показва принадлежността на Западните Родопи към субмедитеранската зоогеографска провинция в България. Следващите по големина зоогеографски групи принадлежат към Сибирския и Югозападноазиатския фаунистични комплекси, а Степния Евроазиатски, Северния Холарктичен, и Медитеранския фаунистични комплекси са с незначително присъствие в Западни Родопи.
Mollusca
833
Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Freshwater mollusks (Mollusca) from the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
ZDRAVKO HUBENOV
Hubenov Z. 2006. Freshwater mollusks (Mollusca) from the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria). In: Beron P. (ed) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 833-842. Abstract. A total of 18 species that belong to 7 families and 3 orders of the classes Gastropoda and Bivalvia have been found in the Western Rhodopes so far. Two species from the investigated region have been recorded for the first time. It is presumed that about 40-50% of the species composition of the mountain have been established. The families Lymnaeidae and Sphaeriidae are presented with more species (4 species each). Two endemics, 1 preglacial relict and 3 rare species, have been found. There are 7 main types of habitats, where the mollusks of the Western Rhodopes have been established. Fifty-two localities of freshwater mollusks are known. A great part of the territory of the Western Rhodopes remains unexplored. Key words: Mollusca, freshwater, Bulgaria, Western Rhodopes, faunistic composition.
Introduction The first data on the mollusks of the Western Rhodopes are reported by IURINITSH (1906), WAGNER (1927) and PETRBOK (1941, 1948). Data on the freshwater mollusks are reported in the studies of DRENSKY (1947), ANGELOV (1960, 1976, 2000), RUSSEV (1964), RUSSEV & JANEVA (1975), JANEVA (1989), RAYCHEV (1997a, 1997b), JANEVA et al. (1998) and YANEVA & al. (2001). The data are fragmentary, they concern separate parts of the mountain massif and they are scattered in different articles, which do not specifically refer to the Western Rhodopes. There is a lack of generalized investigations on the malacofauna of the mountain. The purpose of this work is to present an overview of the faunistic composition and the level of exploration of the freshwater mollusks in the Bulgarian part of the Western Rhodopes.
Material and methods Three orders from 2 classes (Gastropoda and Bivalvia) are presented in this paper. The current review of the freshwater mollusks in the Western Rhodopes is based upon
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reported data mainly. Original information on some species from the collections of the National Museum of Natural History in Sofia has been included as well. Thus 2 species from the investigated region have been reported for the first time. The small number of the regions, where the malacological material with exact localities was collected, shows the poor level of exploration of this vast territory. Fiftytwo localities of the freshwater mollusks of the Western Rhodopes are known (Table 1). Most of them are concentrated near the towns of Asenovgrad, Batak, Devin, Rudozem, Smolyan and Chepelare. In the remaining part of the mountain there are single localities. Despite the long investigation period, the distribution and study level of the mollusks T a b l e 1. Localities of the freshwater mollusks of the Western Rhodopes Localities
Altitude
Species number
1. Arda River at Dyavolski Bridge - after the Malka Arda River 2. Arda – village, Smolyan municipality 3. Asenovgrad (until11934 Stanimaka) - Plovdiv District 4. Bachkovski Monastery, karstic source 5. Batak Marsh - now Batak Dam 6. Beglika - Dam, in the valley of Devinska River 7. Blatistoto Lake near the chapel - Smolyan Lakes 8. Byala River in Ustovo quarter (Smolyan) 9. Chairski Lakes - a group of 3 lakes, east of Trigrad Village 10. Chepinska River at Velingrad 11. Cherna River, at the influx into Arda River 12. Cherna River in Ustovo quarter (Smolyan) 13. Chetiridesette Izvora – karstic source near Asenovgrad 14. Chuchura - karstic source near Smolyan 15. Devin (until 1934 Dyovlen) - Smolyan District 16. Devinska River at Devin 17. Dlyogite Marshes - near Chepelare 18. Erkyupriyska River at Zabardovska River 19. Goryalova Shack - near Chepelare 20. Iskustveno, Bistro Lake (Dam) - Smolyan Lakes 21. Kastrakli Reserve east of Borino Village 22. Krichim - Plovdiv District 23. Kriva River below Milushevo Lake - Smolyan Lakes 24. Malka Arda River between the villages Banite and Oryahovets 25. Mechi Chal Peak, 1873 m, south of Chepelare 26. Mezinsko Lake, Mezinski Gyol Lake - Smolyan Lakes 27. Narechenski Bani (Narechen Village) Asenovgrad municipality 28. Nastanski Bridge - near Devin 29. Orfey Hut, 1190 m in Devinska Mt. (surroundings) 30. Ormanovo Lake, Ormanov Gyol - Smolyan Lakes 31. Rakitovo – Pazardjik District 32. Raykovi Meadows – north of Smolyan 33. Rudozem - town, Smolyan District
450 m 1000 m 230 m 700 m 1030 m 1520 m 1530 m 950 m 1400-1500 m 750 m 620 m 950 m 300 m 1100 m 720 m 720 m 1350 m 1200 m 1240 m 1530 m 1260 m 230 m 1100 m 650 m 1720 m 1400 m 620 m
13 10 15, 18 4, 5 1, 2, 12, 15, 16 6, 8, 9, 15 6, 8, 9, 14, 15 9, 10 15 10 1, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13 11, 13 4, 11 3 15 9, 15 3 9 3 8, 11, 13 3 15, 17 8 8 3 8, 13, 15 15
670 m 1260 m 1100 m 810 m 1600 m 700 m
3 3 9, 11 15 3 10
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Localities
Altitude
Species number
34. Salasha Lake, Keranov Gyol Lake - Smolyan Lakes 35. Samodivsko Lake, Matno Lake - Smolyan Lakes 36. Sini Vir Lake (Sini Gyol Lake, Chairsko Gorno Lake) 37. Siniyat Vir - karstic source at Peshtera 38. Sivino Village (until 1934 Tekir), Smolyan District 39. Smolyan Lakes - 20 lakes near Smolyan 40. Sources of Arda River – karstic sources below Ardin Peak. 41. Srabska River - a tributary of Stara River at Batak 42. Stream east of Raykovo quarter, Smolyan 43. Toshkov Chark Dam, in a stream above it 44. Trigrad Village, south of it, below Eledjik Peak 45. Trigradska River above Trigrad Village 46. Trigradska River at the influx of Chairska River 47. Trigradska River at the influx into Vacha River 48. Vacha River at Nastan quarter 49. Velingrad 50. Yagodina Village, Borino municipality 51. Yundola – col 52. Zhrebevo Village, Devin municipality
1340 m 1590 m 1500 m 400 m 1150 m 1100-1500 m 1630 m 1036 m 950 m 1500 m 1270 m 1250 m 1150 m 950 m 760 m 750 m 1250 m 1300-1400 m 1270 m
6, 8, 9, 11, 13 15 12, 15 3 16, 17 3, 15, 18 3 10 7, 8 8, 15 3 8, 10 10 10 10 15, 18 15 15 3
in the separate parts of the mountain remain different. Comparatively well-known is the malacofauna in the valleys of the rivers Arda, Vacha, Malka Arda, Trigradska, Chairska, Chepelarska, Chepinska and Cherna; in the surroundings of the villages Bachkovo, Trigrad and Yagodina; in the Smolyan and Chair lake groups. A great part of the territory of the Western Rhodopes remains unexplored. In the Veliyshko-Videnishki part of the mountain the ridges Alabak, Batashka Planina and Dabrash are almost unknown; a material has been collected only near the Batashka and Chepinska basins. The ridges Mursalitsa and Chernatitsa in the Perelik-Prespa part of the mountain are poorly investigated; à material has been collected mainly from the surroundings of the towns Devin and Smolyan and the village of Trigrad.
Results and discussion A total of 18 freshwater mollusk species from the Western Rhodopes are known so far. They belong to 7 families of the orders Mesogastropoda, Basommatophora and Veneroida (Table 2). From this quite poor species composition best represented are the families Lymnaeidae and Sphaeriidae (4 species each), followed by Hydrobiidae (3 species); Valvatidae, Planorbidae, Physidae (2 species each) and Ancylidae (1 species). Systematical research of the studied area should considerably enrich the species composition. However, in regard to the biggest family - Hydrobiidae, which is also the richest in endemic forms, only a small number of species has been established within the territory of the Western Rhodopes. Local endemics from the genera Cavernista, Belgrandiella, Pontobelgrandiella, Insignia, Iglica, Paladilhiopsis and Plagigeyeria, typical for the Stara Planina mountain system, are missing here.
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GASTROPODA PROSOBRANCHIA Mesogastropoda Valvatidae 1. Valvata piscinalis (O. F. Müller, 1774) - known from the influx of Cherna River into Arda River (Janeva, 1989) and the former Batak Marsh (now Batak Dam) (ANGELOV, 1960, 2000). Stagnant and slowly running waters, rhitro-, potamo- and phytophilous. West and Central Palearctic species, found in the river systems of the Danube River, Black Sea and Aegean Sea catchment areas. T a b l e 2. Malacofaunistic diversity of the Western Rhodopes (freshwater Mollusca) Phyla
Number of taxa Families
Classes
Orders
MOLLUSCA
Gastropoda
Total
Bivalvia 2
Mesogastropoda Basommatophora Veneroida 3
2 4 1 7
Species
Level of study(%)
5 9 4 18
30-40 40-50 50-60 40-50
2. ?Valvata pulchella Studer, 1820 - rare species, found in the former Batak Marsh (the locality does not exist now because it is below the present water level of Batak Dam) (ANGELOV, 1960). Stagnant and slowly running waters, phytophilous. West Eurosiberian species, spread in the river systems of the Danube River and Aegean Sea catchment areas. Hydrobiidae1 3. Bythinella austriaca (Frauenfeld, 1857) - found in silicate and karst ground in the vicinities of Peshtera (Siniya Vir - karstic source), Chepelare (Goryalova Koliba Shack, Dlyogite Marshes and Mechi Chal Peak), Orfey Hut, Nastanski Bridge, Kastrakli, between the villages of Trigrad and Zhrebevo, near Smolyan (Raykovi Meadows and Chuchura - karstic source), Smolyan Lakes and sources of the Arda River (ANGELOV, 1960, 2000; RAYCHEV, 1997b). Crenobiont, rhitro-, potamo-, stagnophilous (lakes) and xenosaprobic, inhabiting cold waters. Glacial relict, Central and East European species, known from the Danube River and Aegean Sea catchment areas. 4. Pseudamnicola consociella (Frauenfeld, 1857) - found in a source near the Bachkovski Monastery and in the Chetiridesette (Forty) Sources (karstic source) near Asenovgrad (RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975; ANGELOV, 2000). Inhabits karstic sources (crenobiont). Before the capturing of many sources it had been widespread in the river systems of the Danube River, Black Sea and Aegean Sea catchment areas. Balkan endemic. 1
Because of a misunderstanding RAYCHEV (1997a) wrongly reported Belgrandiella hessei A. Wagner, 1927 for the Rhodopes.
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5. Sadleriana virescens Küster, 1852 - found in a source near the Bachkovski Monastery (ANGELOV, 2000). Inhabits sources and small streams near the sources (creno- and rhitrobiont). Balkan endemic, known from the Black Sea and Aegean Sea catchment areas. PULMONATA Basommatophora Lymnaeidae 6. Stagnicola palustris (O. F. Müller, 1774) - known from the Smolyan Lakes (Blatisto Lake near the chapel and Salasha Lake) and Beglika Dam (RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975). Eurybiont, more often in stagnant and slowly running waters, phyto- and pelophilous. Holarctic species, known from the Danube River and Aegean Sea catchment areas. 7. Radix ovata (Draparnaud, 1801) - found in a stream near Smolyan (RUSSEV, 1964). Mainly stagnophilous. Holopalearctic species, established in the river systems of the Danube River, Black Sea and Aegean Sea catchment areas. 8. Radix peregra (O. F. Müller, 1774) - found in a stream above the Toshlov Chark Dam, Beglika Dam, Trigradska River above the village of Trigrad, Smolyan Lakes (Bistroto Lake - dam, near the branch of the lakes, Blatistoto Lake near the chapel, an effluent of the Mesinsko Lake, Salasha Lake, Kriva River below the Milushevo Lake), a stream east of Raykovo quarter, at the influx of Cherna River into Arda River, Malka Arda River at the villages Banite and Oryahovets (RUSSEV, 1964; RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975; JANEVA, 1989; JANEVA et al., 2001). Eurybiont, often in stagnant and running waters, phytoand pelophilous. Holarctic species, known from the Danube River, Black Sea and Aegean Sea catchment areas. 9. Galba truncatula (O. F. Müller, 1774) - collected at the flow into Beglika Dam, Devinska River at Devin, Erkyupriyska River near the branch of Zabardo village (before the influx into Zabardovska River), surroundings of Smolyan (Byala River at Ustovo quarter) and Smolyan Lakes (Blatistoto Lake near the chapel, Salasha Lake and Ormanovo Lake) (RUSSEV, 1964; RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975). Eurybiont, pelo- and phytophilous. Holarctic species, spread in the Danube River, Black Sea and Aegean Sea catchment areas. Ancylidae 10. Ancylus fluviatilis (O. F. Müller, 1774) - widespread in Arda River from the village of Arda to the beginning of the polluted zone after Rudozem, at the influx of Cherna River into Arda River, Byala River at Ustovo quarter, Chepinska River at Velingrad (Chepino quarter), Srabska River (right tributary of Stara River at Batak), Vacha River (at Nastan quarter and before the influx of Shirokolashka River), Trigradska River (above the village of Trigrad, at the influx of Chairska River and before the influx into Vacha River) (RUSSEV, 1964; RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975; JANEVA, 1989; JANEVA et al., 1997; JANEVA et al., 2001). Crenobiont, rhithro-, potamo- and lithoreophilous. West Palearctic species, found in the rivers of the Danube River, Black Sea and Aegean Sea catchment areas.
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Planorbidae 11. Planorbis planorbis (Linnaeus, 1758) - established in the Chetiridesette (Forty) Sources (karst source) near Asenovgrad, Smolyan Lakes (Iskustvenoto Lake - dam near the branch of the lakes, Salasha Lake and Ormanovo Lake), Cherna Rived at Ustovo quarter and near the influx into Arda River (RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975; JANEVA, 1989; JANEVA et al., 2001). Eurybiont, mainly stagno- and phytophilous. West and Central Palearctic species, widespread in the Danube River, Black Sea and Aegean Sea catchment areas. 12. Gyraulus albus (O. F. Müller, 1774) - found in the former Batak Marsh (now Batak Dam), Siniya Vir Lake (Chairski Lakes), at the influx of Cherna River into Arda River (RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975; JANEVA, 1989; ANGELOV, 2000; JANEVA et al., 2001). Eurybiont, potamo-, rhithro-, stagno- and phytophilous. West and Central Eurosiberian species, comparatively rarely spread in the Danube River and Aegean Sea catchment areas. Physidae 13. Physella acuta (Draparnaud, 1801) - known from the Smolyan Lakes (Iskustvenoto Lake - Dam, Salasha Lake and the effluent of Mezinsko Lake), Cherna River (near the quarter of Ustovo and the influx into Arda River) and Arda River at Dyavolski Bridge (after the Malka Arda River) (RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975; JANEVA, 1989; JANEVA et al., 2001). Eurybiont, pelophilous, often trogloxene as well, á-â mesosaprobic. North Mediterranean-Turanian species, widespread in the Danube River, Black Sea and Aegean Sea catchment areas. 14. Physa fontinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) - rare species, reported from the Smolyanski Lakes (Blatistoto Lake near the chapel) (RUSSEV & JANEVA, 1975). Pelo-, psammoand phytophilous, á-â mesosaprobic. Transpalearctic species, spread in the Danube River, Black Sea and Aegean Sea catchment areas. BIVALVIA HETERODONTA Veneroida Sphaeriidae 15. Pisidium casertanum (Poli, 1791) - reported for the first time from the Western Rhodopes in the collections of National Museum of Natural History in Sofia (a collection of determined mollusks - freshwater Bivalvia, deposited by Doc. A. Angelov): Batak March, 1921, 3 individuals, leg. A. Valkanov; Smolyanski Lakes, 20.VII.1930, 1 individual, leg. A. Valkanov; above Yundola, 9.IX.1948, 15 ind., leg. A. Angelov; Narechen, 13.V.1951, 22 ind., leg. A. Angelov; Asenovgrad, 14.V.1951, 1 ind. and 1.V.1961, 24 ind., leg. A. Angelov; Velingrad, 29.III.1953, 32 ind., leg. A. Angelov; Rakitovo, 20.IV.1953, 3 ind. and 27.IX.1953, 10 ind., leg. A. Angelov; Devin, 2.VIII.1961, 19 ind., leg. B. Russev; Smolyan Lakes, 18-19.V.1962, 15 ind., leg. B. Russev; Yagodina village, 27.VII.1966, 9 ind., leg. P. Michaylova; Rhodopes, 29.VII.1971, 18 ind., leg. B. Russev; Krichim, 3.X.1971, 1 ind., leg. S. Kovachev; Smolyan Lakes, 24.VIII.1976, 7 ind., leg. P. Michaylova; Chairski
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Lakes, 26.VIII.1976, 11 ind. and Chairsko Gorno Lake (? Sini Vir Lake), 12.V.1978, 15 ind., leg. P. Michaylova. This species was probably reported as Pisidium sp. by RUSSEV & JANEVA (1975) in a stream over the Toshkov Chark Dam, Devinska River at Devin, Beglika Dam, Smolyan Lakes (Samodivsko, Blatisto and Mezinsko Lake) and Sini Vir Lake from the Chairski Lakes. Eurybiont, potamo-, stagno-, psammophilous and trogloxene. Holopalearctic species - the most widespread form of the genus Pisidium in Bulgaria, more often in the mountain river systems of the Danube River, Black Sea and Aegean Sea catchment areas. 16. Sphaerium corneum (Linnaeus, 1758) - reported for the former Batak Marsh that does not exist now (ANGELOV, 1976); 1 ind. found near the village of Sivino on 2.X.1930 (leg. A. Valkanov), stored in the National Museum of Natural History in Sofia. Eurybiont, stagno-, pelo- and phytophilous. Holopalearctic species, spread in the river systems of the Danube River, Black Sea and Aegean Sea catchment areas. 17. Sphaerium rivicola (Lamarck, 1818) - reported for the first time from the Western Rhodopes in the collections of National Museum of Natural History in Sofia: 3 ind., leg A. Valkanov near the village of Sivino on 2.X.1930 and 1 ind., leg by S. Kovachev near Krichim on 3.X.1971. Potamo-, psammo- and pelophilous. European species, spread in the rivers of the Danube River and Aegean Sea catchment areas. 18. Musculium lacustre (O. F. Müller, 1774) - known from the Smolyan Lakes and Velingrad (ANGELOV, 1976, 2000); National Museum of Natural History in Sofia: Smolyan Lakes, 22.VII.1938, 45 ind. and Vtoro Smolyan Lake, 29.VIII.1968, 8 ind., leg. A. Valkanov; Asenovgrad, 25-27.IX.1961, 1 ind., leg. A. Petrova (labeled as Musculium sp.); Smolyan Lakes, 27.IX.1976, 15 ind., leg. D. Raychev. Stagno-, phyto- and pelophilous. Transpalearctic species, spread in the rivers of the Danube River, Black Sea and Aegean Sea catchment areas. In terms of vertical distribution the localities near Asenovgrad (230-300 m a.s.l.) are the lowest, whereas the highest ones are in the region of Mechi Chal Peak (1720 m a.s.l.) . The localities above 1000 m a.s.l. predominate - 33. The study level of the mollusks in the investigated region does not allow a characterization of their vertical distribution to be made. Usually the widely distributed species ( most of the established ones) climb up over 1000 m a.s.l. and it is possible to find them in almost all appropriate biotopes. The species Valvata pulchella, Stagnicola palustris and Physa fontinalis are most often found below 500-600 m a.s.l. Their localities above 1000-1500 m a.s.l. in the West Rhodopes are the highest ones in Bulgaria. Most of the mollusks established are eurybiont forms, which are widespread in Bulgaria, with Holarctic, Palearctic and Eurosiberian areas. The exceptions are Bythinella austriaca, a glacial relict, inhabiting cold waters, which are not found below 600 m a.s.l. and Physella acuta - North Mediterranean-Turanian species. The investigations carried out allow for 6 freshwater mollusk species (33.3%) of great conservation significance to be accepted (Table 3). Two Balkan endemics and 1 glacial relict, which give a distinctiveness and unique character to the fauna, have been established. Three species are considered rare, of which Valvata pulchella has not been found in the Western Rhodopes after its only locality was destroyed.
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Vulnerable
Endangered habitats
Importance
Valvatidae Valvata pulchella Studer, 1820 Hydrobiidae Bythinella austriaca (Frauenfeld, 1857) Pseudamnicola consociella (Frauenfeld, 1857) Sadleriana virescens Küster, 1852 Planorbidae Gyraulus albus (O. F. Müller, 1774) Physidae Physa fontinalis (Linnaeus, 1758)
N
N E E
N
N
Relicts
Taxa
Rare
Endemics
T a b l e 3. Freshwater mollusks (Mollusca) of great conservation importance from the Western Rhodopes
Rg Eb Eb
Note: E - European importance; Eb - Balkan endemic; N - national importance; Rg - glacial relict; indication for appartenance.
The habitats where the freshwater mollusks from the Western Rhodopes have been found could be divided into 7 main types (Table 4). T a b l e 4. Main habitats of the mollusks in the Western Rhodopes Habitat types
Species number
Rivers, streams, waterfalls Bogs, marshes, swamps, fens, peatlands Permanent freshwater lakes Seasonal intermittent freshwater lakes, marshes Reedy and bulrush Subterranean freshwater hydrological systems Freshwater springs
1, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18 1, 2, 9, 12, 15, 16, 18 3, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15 9, 10 6, 8, 9 13 3, 4, 5, 11
Conclusion A total of 18 species have been established from the Western Rhodopes so far. They belong to 7 families and 3 orders of the classes Gastropoda and Bivalvia. Two species from the investigated region have been recorded for the first time. It is presumed that about 40-50% of the species composition of the mountain have been established.
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The families Lymnaeidae and Sphaeriidae are presented with more species (4 species each). Two endemics, 1 preglacial relict and 3 rare species have been found. The habitats where the mollusks of the Western Rhodopes have been reported are 7 main types. Fifty-two localities of freshwater mollusks are known. A great part of the territory of the Western Rhodopes remains unexplored.
References ANGELOV A. 1960. A contribution to the study of fresh-water mollusks in Bulgaria. - Bull. Inst. zool. mus., Sofgia, 9: 411-413. (In Bulgarian, Russian and English summaries) ANGELOV A. 1976. Revision der Fam. Pisidiidae Gray, 1857 (Bivalvia - Mollusca) in Bulgarien. - Ann. Univ. Sofia (Zoology), 69: 109-119. (In Bulgarian, German summary) ANGELOV A. 2000. Mollusca (Gastropoda et Bivalvia) aquae dulcis. – In: Catalogus faunae bulgaricae. 4. Sofia, Pensoft & Backhuys Publishers BV, 57 p. DRENSKY P. 1947. Synopsis and distribution of freshwater Mollusca in Bulgaria. - Ann. Univ. Sofia, Fac. Phys.-Math., 43(3): 33-54. (In Bulgarian, English summary) IURINITSH S. 1906. Notes sur les Bivalves d’eau douce de Bulgarie. - Ann. Univ. Sofia, Fac. Phys.-Math., 2: 61-67. JANEVA I. 1989. Changes in the saprobiological state of the Černa River and their effect on the composition and structure of the benthic organisms. - Hydrobiology, Sofia, 34: 20-29. (In Bulgarian, Russian and English summaries) JANEVA I., L. PEHLIVANOV, Y. VIDINOVA, S. STOICHEV, V. TYUFEKCHIEVA. 1998. A comparative ecological characterisation of lotic bental zooocoenoses from two streams under different anthropogenic influence. - In: Ecomonitoring in Rozen and Srednogorie - Bulgaria. Sofia, Ministry of Environment, 101-112. RAYCHEV D. 1997a. Nachodishta na podzemni sladkovodni ohlyuvcheta Belgrandiella hessei Wagner, 1927 v Rodopite - Bulgaria [Localities of the subterranean freshwater snails Belgrandiella hessei Wagner, 1927 in Rhodopes – Bulgaria]. – In: Biodiversity and ecological problems of Balkan fauna, Sofia., Institute of Zoology, BAS (Abstracts), p. 4. (In Bulgarian) RAYCHEV D. 1997b. Nachodishta na sladkovodnoto ohlyuvche Bitinella austriaca v bivshata teritoriya na Smolyanski okrag – Bulgaria [Localities of the freshwater snail Bitinella austriaca in the former Smolyan district – Bulgaria]. – In: Biodiversity and ecological problems of Balkan fauna, Sofia., Institute of Zoology, BAS (Abstracts), p. 5. (In Bulgarian) RUSSEV B. 1964. Hydrobiologischen Untersuchungen der Arda und einiger ihrer Nebenflüsse. - Bull. Inst. zool. mus., Sofia, 17: 5-49. (In Bulgarian, Russian and German summaries) RUSSEV B., I. JANEVA. 1975. Hydrofaunistische Erforschungen einiger rhodopischer Gewässer. - In: La Faune des Rhodopes. Matériaux. Sofia, Acad. Bulg. Sci.:11-39. (In Bulgarian, Russian and German summaries) PETRBOK J. 1941. Posttertiaria nonmarina mollusca bulgarica. – Věst. Kral. Čes. Spol. Nauk, Tř. mat.-prir., 1-39. PETRBOK J. 1948. A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Post-Tertiary Molluscs of Bulgaria. – Sborn. Nar. Mus. Praha, 4B(3): 1-28. WAGNER A. 1927. Studien zur Molluskenfauna der Balkanhalbinsel mit besonderer Berücksichtigung Bulgariens und Traziens, nebst monographischer Bearbeitung einzelner Gruppen. – Ann. zool. Mus. Polon., 6(4): 263-399. YANEVA I., Y. VIDINOVA, V. TYUFEKCHIEVA. 2001. Contemporary saprobiological characteristics of Arda River in the section of future “Gorna Arda” ñascade building. - Acta zool. bulg., 53(3): 37-46.
The author’s address: Dr. Zdravko Hubenov Institute of Zoology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria e-mail:
[email protected]
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Z. HUBENOV Сладководни мекотели (Mollusca) от Западните Родопи (България) Здравко ХУБЕНОВ (Р е з ю м е)
От Западните Родопи са съобщени 18 вида, които спадат към 7 семейства и 3 разреда на класовете Gastropoda и Bivalvia. За пръв път от изследвания район се съобщават 2 вида. Предполага се, че са установени към 40-50% от видовете, обитаващи планината. От този скромен видов състав с повече видове (по 4 вида) са представени семействата Lymnaeidae и Sphaeriidae. Намерени са 2 ендемита, 1 преглациален реликт и 3 редки вида. Хабитатите, в които са установени западнородопските мекотели, са 6 основни типа. Известни са 52 находища на сладководни мекотели. Значителна част от територията на Западните Родопи остава непроучена.
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Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
The Ichthyofauna of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
TIHOMIR STEFANOV, TEODORA TRICHKOVA
Stefanov T., T. Trichkova. 2006. The Ichthyofauna of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P. (ed) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 843-861. Abstract. A study on the ichthyofauna of the Western Rhodopes based on literature and survey data was made. A total of 41 fish species belonging to 11 families have been reported. Eighteen of all the species recorded are indigenous to the ichthyofauna of the Western Rhodopes. Five of them are endemic for the Balkan Peninsula. Some of the fish is of high conservation importance. The distribution and characteristics of the ichthyofauna in the rivers, natural lakes and reservoirs were discussed. The main threats to fish populations are mentioned. Key words: Pisces, freshwater fishes, indigenous species, conservation, Bulgaria, Western Rhodopes
Introduction The ichthyological research in the water basins of the Western Rhodopes began with KOVACHEV (1921) who published material on the ichthyofauna of the Maritsa River and its tributaries. Further, CHICHKOFF (1939) studied the species diversity in the Rivers Mesta and Maritsa. Later, MICHAJLOVA (1965) studied the ichthyofauna of Thrace and published data on the fish found in the Rivers Chepinska and Chepelarska - right tributaries of the Maritsa River. MICHAJLOVA (1970) also presented information on the ichthyofauna of some rivers from the Aegean River system. The ichthyofuana of the Mesta River was studied by APOSTOLOU (2005). The fish populations and fish production in the Rivers Mesta, Vucha, Chepelarska and Arda were investigated by PENCZAK et al. (1985) and DIKOV et al. (1994). JANKOV (1988), JANKOV & ZIVKOV (1988) and ZIVKOV & JANKOV (1990) published on the ichthyofauna of some trout rivers in the region. Data on the fish species in the tributaries of the Arda River flowing in the Western Rhodopes were given by RUSSEV (1964) and PEHLIVANOV (2000). KARAPETKOVA (1983, 1987) carried out the first profound study of the ichthyofauna in the natural water bodies in the region. She studied the rivers in the TrigradskoYagodinski Region and the two groups of landslide lakes: Chairski Lakes and Smolyan Lakes. The reservoirs in the Western Rhodopes have been studied much more extensively than the rivers. A lot of information about the ichthyofauna of Batak Reservoir can be
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found in MARGARITOV (1964), DIMITROV (1967), MICHAJLOVA & MARINOV (1979), ZIVKOV (1974, 1975, 1976), ZIVKOV & STOYANOVA (1976), ZIVKOV & GRUPCHEVA (1979), ZIVKOV (1981), RAIKOVA-PETROVA & ZIVKOV (1988a, b), RAIKOVA-PETROVA & ZIVKOV (2000). Dospat Reservoir was well studied by ZIVKOV (1987) and NAUMOVA & ZIVKOV (1988). A comparative study of the reservoirs Batak and Dospat was conducted by ZIVKOV (1993) and ZIVKOV & RAIKOVA-PETROVA (2001). Some information about the distribution of fish in the water bodies of the Western Rhodopes can be found in the two main works on the ichthyofauna of Bulgaria by DRENSKY (1951) and KARAPETKOVA & ZIVKOV (1995). The most extensive and contemporary data on the ichthyofauna of the Western Rhodopes are given in ZIVKOV & DOBREV (2001) and STEFANOV et al. (2003). Our goal was to review and summarize the available information (published and original) on the ichthyofauna of the Western Rhodopes.
Study Area The water bodies in the Western Rhodopes belong to the basins of the Rivers Mesta and Maritsa which empties into the Aegean Sea. The Bulgarian part of the Mesta River is 126 km long with a catchment area of 2767 km2, and mean annual discharge between 0.81 and 31.4 m3/s. Water temperature varies between 0 and 25oC with a mean annual temperature of 4-6oC. It is covered with snow about 80 days in the year. Values of pH range between 6.1 and 8.0, oxydability - between 1.6 and 7.5 mg O2/l, total hardness - 0.90-6.73 dHo and carbonate hardness - 0.56-4.06 dHo. Mineral content is 41.0-182.0 mg/l and mean Ca concentration - 13.0 mg/l (3.2 mg/ l in May - 47.3 mg/l in March) (MARINOV, 1957, PENCZAK et al. 1985). The Rivers Kanina, Bistritsa and Dospat are left tributaries of the Mesta River. The Kanina River is 36 km long, with a catchment area of 238 km2, and mean annual discharge between 1.02 and 3.60 m3/s. The Bistritsa River is about 45 km long with a catchment area of 196.6 km2. The catchment of the Dospat River is 633.5 km2 and covers the hills Veliishko-Videnishki and Dubrash. The river is about 96 km long and has a mean annual discharge between 3.08 and 6.35 m3/s. The water level is high especially in spring after snow thawing. In summer the water level decreases but the river does not dry up (MARINOV, 1957). The Vucha River is a right tributary of the Maritsa River. The river flows from Krainchal Peak near Kozhari village. In the part between its source and Teshel (about 24 km) it is called Boujnovska River. In the part between Teshel and Devin it is called Krichim River. The river is 111.5 km long, with a catchment area of 1644.7 km2, and mean annual discharge between 2.33 and 22.50 m3/s. The discharge fluctuation is high - the watercourses are typically torrential in winter and shallow in summer and autumn. Mean annual water temperature ranges between 6 and 8oC. Snow cover lasts about 80 days per year. Dissolved oxygen is above 8 mg/l and pH is neutral. Total hardness ranges between 8.4 and 12.6 dHo. Biological oxygen demand is very low - 1.80 O2 mg/l. Small weirs, forming small and bigger fish pools, exist all along the Boujnovska River (MARINOV, 1957, KARAPETKOVA, 1983, JANKOV, 1988, DIKOV et al., 1994).
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The Trigradska River is a right tributary of the Vucha (Boujnovska) River. It is 13.8 km long, with a mean slope of 21%, catchment area of 59.2 km2, and mean annual discharge of about 1.27 m3/s. The river substrate is coarse gravel and stones. Maximum water temperature does not exceed 18oC while minimum temperature falls to 0oC in October-March period. Dissolved oxygen is above 8 mg/l and pH is neutral (MARINOV, 1957, JANKOV, 1988, KARAPETKOVA, 1983, DIKOV et al., 1994). The Devinska River is a left and the biggest tributary of the Vucha River. The river is about 57 km long and has a large catchment area (426.7 km2). It has a mean annual discharge between 0.22 and 7.43 m3/s. At an altitude of about 1500 m, where the river flows through the Beglika locality, it is called Beglishka Reka River. It is where Golyam Beglik Reservoir was built by damming the Kriva River. The Beglishka River was also dammed and its waters together with that of its tributaries have been caught in the Reservoirs Beglika and Toshkov Chark (MARINOV, 1957). The Smolyan Lakes is a group of 5 landslide lakes, among them Lakes Samodivsko, Trevisto Osmanovo and Miloushevo. They are located in the catchment of the Cherna River at altitudes between 1100 and 1590 m a.s.l. In the past the number of lakes was 10, but recently some of them have been reconstructed as fish-farms and some of them have dried up. Water temperature in the vegetation period ranges between 10.8oC and 22.2oC. The concentration of dissolved oxygen is high (89-129%), but oxygen saturation does not exceed 86.5%. The water is very soft (0.56-2.69 dHo) and at the same time very acid (pH=6-7) (IVANOV et al., 1964, NAIDENOW, 1975, NAIDENOW & SAIZ, 1983, KARAPETKOVA, 1987). Batak Reservoir was impounded in 1958 and located at the place of the former Batak Marsh at an altitude of 1100 m a.s.l. It has a length of 9 km, mean width of 2-3 km, mean depth of 14-15 m and maximum depth (at the dam) of 34 m, maximum water volume of 309.2x106 m3 and maximum surface area of 2107 ha. In the period 1958-1990 the mean annual temperature of surface water ranged between 13.6 and 17.4oC. . The mean oxygen concentration was between 3.8 and 15.8 mg/l and only in the summer at the bottom layers it fell to 2.9-0.1 mg/l. pH values varied between 6.6 and 7.2. The total hardness was very low 1.34-3.03 dHo (IVANOV et al., 1964, ZIVKOV, 1981). Dospat Reservoir was impounded in 1967 by damming the Dospat River. Its maximum length is 16.6 km and maximum depth (at the dam) - 53 m. Its mean annual surface water temperature is 10.2oC reaching its maximum in August (av. 19.4oC) and its minimum in February (av. 1.5oC). The mean concentration of dissolved oxygen is between 0.42 and 12.16 mg/l. The values of pH are 6.2-6.8, and the total hardness is very low - 1.40-3.70 dHo. (IVANOV et al., 1964, NAUMOVA & ZIVKOV, 1988) Shiroka Polyana Reservoir is located in the catchment of the Devinska River and has a surface area of 4 km2 and a water volume of 22.8x106 m3 (IVANOV et al., 1964). Golyam Beglik Reservoir was built by damming the Kriva River, tributary of the Devinska River, at an altitude of 1530 m a.s.l. It was impounded in 1947. The Reservoir collects the water of the reservoirs Beglika and Toshkov Chark as well. It has a surface area of 4.2 km2, catchment area of 65.75 km2, length of 7 km and water volume of 65x106 m3. Its shore is 28 km long and it has many meanders, curves, inlets and branches. The maximum depth (near the dam) is 43 m. The water temperature ranges between 0oC (in winter) and 22.5oC (in August). The mineral content is low (106.5-123.5 mg/l).
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The water is very soft (1.96-4.20 dHo). The values of pH range between 7.0 and 7.3. Oxydability is 2.9-4.1 mgO2/l (BELTSCHEWA, 1959). Beglika Reservoir was built by damming the Beglishka River and located at about 1.5 km from the dam of Golyam Beglik Reservoir. It has a surface area of 0.33 km2, water volume of 1.45x106 m3, maximum length of 1 km, width of 100 m, maximum depth of 14 m and mean depth of 12 m (IVANOV et al., 1964). Toshkov Chark Reservoir was built by damming the Beglishka River. It has a surface area of 0.26 km2, water volume of 1.81x106 m3, maximum width of 400 m, maximum length of 16 m and a mean length of 13 m (IVANOV et al., 1964). Vucha Reservoir is a typical valley reservoir with a length of about 12 km, maximum depth (at the dam) of 140 m and maximum water volume of 226.12x106 m3.
Materials and Methods The field research was carried out in the period July-August 2001. Samples were collected from the following sites (Fig. 1). · Mesta River - Momina Koula Site, near Mesta Village (1); near the town of Gotse Delchev (2); between the villages Blatska and Hadzhidimovo (3) · Kanina River (4) · Bistritsa River (5) · Dospat River - near Dospat Reservoir and Surnitsa Village (6) · Trigradska River - near Trigrad Village (7) · Devinska River - near Beglika Reservoir (8) · Vucha River - near Yagodina Village (9); near Teshel Village and Teshel Reservoir (10); near Grohotno Village (11); near the mouth of the Devinska River (12); near Vucha Reservoir (13); near Krichim Town (14) · Smolyan Lakes (15) · Dospat Reservoir (16) · Beglika Reservoir (17) · Golyam Beglik Reservoir (18) · Toshkov Chark Reservoir (19) · Shiroka Polyana Reservoir (20) · Teshel Reservoir (21) · Vucha Reservoir (22) · Batak Reservoir (23) The fish was sampled with gill nets, seine nets and a fishing rod. In field conditions the samples were fixed in 4% formalin. In the laboratory each specimen was measured, labeled and transferred into 70% alcohol solution for permanent preservation. Data on fish stocking in the rivers, lakes and reservoirs were based on the records collected by the National Agency of Fisheries and Aquaculture – Bulgarian Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, the Union of Hunters and Anglers and the local reservoir, fish-farm and forestry authorities.
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The classification of families is according to Nelson (1994) and names of species according to ESCHMEYER (1998, 2004) and FishBase (FROESE & PAULY, Eds., 2005).
Results and Discussion A total of 41 species belonging to 11 families have been reported for the water bodies of the Western Rhodopes so far. The species are as follows. Lampreys (Petromyzontidae) Lamprey - Eudontomyzon sp. The existence of a lamprey species in the region was reported only by KOVACHEV (1921). He reported it as Petromyzon fluviatilis for the rivers Vucha and Tekirska. However, the natural range of this species totally excludes the possibilities of finding it in the Aegean Sea basin. The only lamprey species recognized so far in the Aegean Sea basin is E. hellenicus from the Struma River (VLADYKOV et al., 1982). Since no material has been preserved for examination, we consider the lamprey found by Kovachev to be Eudontomyzon sp. Freshwater Eels (Anguillidae) European Eel - Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) A single specimen, about 40 cm long, was caught by a local fisherman in the Vucha River near Krichim (Site 14) (our data). The species was recorded in the Vucha River and the Batak Marsh (KOVACHEV, 1921), and in the rivers Maritsa and Mesta (DRENSKY, 1951, PENCZAK et al., 1985, DIKOV et al., 1994). Carps (Cyprinidae) Bream - Abramis brama (Linnaeus, 1758) It occurred in the reservoirs Beglika, Teshel and Vucha (Sites 17, 21 and 22) (our data). Schneider - Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch, 1782) It was found in the Mesta River (Site 2) (our data). It was recorded in the rivers Mesta and Dospat, as well as in some other rivers of the Aegean Sea basin (CHICHKOFF, 1939, DRENSKY, 1951, PENCZAK et al., 1985, - Alburnoides bipunctatus strymonicus Chichkoff, MARINOV, 1989, DIKOV et al., 1994, APOSTOLOU, 2005). Bleak - Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus, 1758) It was found in the Smolyan Lakes (Site 15) and in Beglika Reservoir (Site 17) (our data). The species was recorded in the Vucha River (KOVACHEV, 1921 - Alburnus lucidus Heckel), in all the rivers of the Aegean Sea basin (DRENSKY, 1951), in the Maritsa River basins (MICHAJLOVA, 1965), in the Krichim River (in the part between Grohotno and Devin) (KARAPETKOVA, 1983) and in the Miloushevo Lake (the Smolyan Lakes)
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T. STEFANOV, T. TRICHKOVA
(KARAPETKOVA, 1987). It was accidentally introduced together with carp juveniles into the reservoirs Batak (ZIVKOV, 1981) and Dospat (ZIVKOV, 1987). Asp - Aspius aspius (Linnaeus, 1758) It was reported as a rare species for the Vucha River (KOVACHEV, 1921 - Aspius rapax Ag.), and for the rivers Maritsa and Mesta (DRENSKY, 1951, KARAPETKOVA & ZIVKOV, 1995). Turkish Barbel - Barbus cyclolepis Heckel, 1837 The species was found in the Mesta River (Sites 1, 2 - abundant, 3), in the Kanina River (Site 4), in the Bistritsa River (Site 5 - abundant), in the Dospat River (Site 6 - rarely found), in the Vucha River (Site 11 - rarely found, Sites 12 and 13 - frequently found, Site 14 - abundant), and in the reservoirs Beglika (Site 17) and Toshkov Chark (Site 19) (our data). The species was recorded in the Mesta River (CHICHKOFF, 1939 - Barbus barbus cyclolepis), in the Maritsa River basins (MICHAJLOVA, 1965 - Barbus tauricus cyclolepis Heckel) in the rivers Maritsa and Mesta and their tributaries (KARAPETKOVA & ZIVKOV, 1995), in the Mesta River (PENCZAK et al., 1985, MARINOV, 1989, DIKOV et al., 1994, APOSTOLOU, 2005), in the Krichim River (KARAPETKOVA, 1983), in the lower reaches of the Shirokolushka River (JANKOV, 1988), in the Arda River (DIKOV et al., 1994), in Batak Reservoir in the first years since its construction (MARGARITOV, 1964 - Barbus tauricus cyclolepis Heckel), and in Dospat Reservoir (ZIVKOV, 1987 - Barbus tauricus cyclolepis Heckel). Crucian Carp - Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758) It was recorded in the Maritsa River, its tributaries and marshlands (CHICHKOFF, 1939, DRENSKY, 1951), and in Batak Reservoir (MARGARITOV, 1964, ZIVKOV, 1981). Prussian Carp - Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) The species was found in the Smolyan Lakes (Site 15) and in the reservoirs Dospat, Beglika, Golyam Beglik, Shiroka Polyana, Teshel and Vucha (Sites 16, 17, 18, 21 and 22) (our data). The species was reported for the Mesta River by APOSTOLOU (2005 Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch). It was also reported for the Trevisto Lake (Smolyan Lakes) and the Chairski Lakes (Zablateno, Dolno Chairsko) by KARAPETKOVA (1983, 1987 - Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch). It was introduced accidentally (along with the fry of carp) into Batak Reservoir (MARGARITOV, 1964 - Carassius auratus, L., ZIVKOV, 1981 - Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch), and to Dospat Reservoir (ZIVKOV, 1987 - Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch). Vardar Nase - Chondrostoma vardarense Karaman, 1928 The species was found in the Mesta River (Site 2, Site 3 - abundant), and in Vucha Reservoir (Site 22) (our data). It was recorded in the rivers Maritsa and Chepelarska (KOVACHEV, 1921 - Chondrostoma nasus L.), in the rivers Maritsa and Mesta (CHICHKOFF, 1939, DRENSKY, 1951 - Chondrostoma nasus vardarensis Karaman, KARAPETKOVA & ZIVKOV, 1995, APOSTOLOU, 2005), in the Chepelarska River (MICHAJLOVA, 1965 - Chondrostoma nasus Linnaeus), and in Dospat Reservoir (ZIVKOV, 1987 - Chondrostoma nasus Linnaeus).
Ichthyofauna
849
Grass Carp (White Amur) - Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844) The species was found in the Smolyan Lakes (Site 15) (our data). It was recorded in the Smolyan Lakes (Samodivsko, Trevisto, Osmanovo) (KARAPETKOVA, 1987) and in Batak Reservoir (ZIVKOV, 1981). Common Carp - Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 The species was found in the Smolyan Lakes (Site 15) and in the reservoirs Dospat, Beglika, Golyam Beglik, Shiroka Polyana (introduced in 1998), Teshel and Vucha (Sites 16, 17, 18, 20, 21 and 22) (our data). It occurred in the Vucha River (KOVACHEV, 1921), in the Maritsa River and its tributaries and in the Mesta River (DRENSKY, 1951, APOSTOLOU, 2005), in the Smolyan Lakes (Samodivsko, Trevisto, Osmanovo, Miloushevo) and in Dolno Chairsko Lake (KARAPETKOVA, 1983, 1987). It was introduced into the reservoirs Batak (MARGARITOV, 1964, ZIVKOV, 1981) and Dospat (ZIVKOV, 1987). Common Gudgeon - Gobio gobio (Linnaeus, 1758) The species was found in the Mesta River (Site 3 - frequently found), in the Vucha River (Site 14 -rare), and in Beglika Reservoir (Site 17 - abundant) (our data). It was reported for the rivers Chepelarska and Arda by KOVACHEV (1921), for all the rivers in the Aegean Sea basin (DRENSKY, 1951), for the Maritsa River basins (MICHAJLOVA, 1965), for the Mesta River (PENCZAK et al., 1985, DIKOV et al., 1994, APOSTOLOU, 2005), for the Krichim River (KARAPETKOVA, 1983), for the Arda River (DIKOV et al., 1994, PEHLIVANOV, 2000), Chairski Lakes (Zablateno, Dolno Chairsko) (KARAPETKOVA, 1983, 1987), Batak Reservoir (MARGARITOV, 1964, ZIVKOV, 1981), and Dospat Reservoir (ZIVKOV, 1987). Silver Carp - Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844) It was introduced into Batak Reservoir (ZIVKOV, 1981). European Chub - Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) The species was found in the Mesta River (Site 2 and Site 3 - abundant), in the Bistritsa River (Site 5 - abundant), in the Dospat River (Site 6), in the Vucha River (Site 11 - rarely found, Sites 12, 13, 14 - frequently found), as well as in the Smolyan Lakes (Site 15) (our data). It was also found in the reservoirs Dospat, Beglika, Golyam Beglik, Shiroka Polyana and Vucha (Sites 16, 17, 18, 20 and 22) (our data). It was reported for the rivers Maritsa, Vucha, and Chepelarska by KOVACHEV (1921 - Squalius cephalus Linnaeus), for the rivers Maritsa and Mesta by DRENSKY (1951), the Maritsa River basins by MICHAJLOVA (1965), for the Mesta River by PENCZAK et al. (1985), MARINOV (1989), DIKOV et al. (1994) and APOSTOLOU (2005), for the Krichim River (in the part between Grohotno and Devin) by KARAPETKOVA (1983), for the Smolyan Lakes (Trevisto, Osmanovo) and the Chairski Lakes (Zablateno, Dolno Chairsko) by KARAPETKOVA (1983, 1987), for Batak Reservoir by MARGARITOV (1964) and ZIVKOV (1981), and for the Dospat Reservoir by ZIVKOV (1987).
850
T. STEFANOV, T. TRICHKOVA
European Minnow - Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus, 1758) The species was found in the Mesta River (Site 3 - 2 specimens), in the Dospat River (Site 6 -abundant), in the Devinska Reka River (Site 8 - abundant), in the Vucha River (Sites 9 and 10, Site 11 - abundant, Sites 12 and 13), as well as in the reservoirs Dospat and Beglika (Sites 16 and 17) (our data). It was reported for the upper reaches of almost all rivers associated with the Aegean Sea (DRENSKY, 1951), for the Mesta River (PENCZAK et al., 1985, DIKOV et al., 1994, APOSTOLOU, 2005), for the Arda River (DIKOV et al., 1994), for the Arda River near Arda and Smilyan villages, and its tributaries Cherna and Byala Rivers (RUSSEV, 1964). Topmouth Gudgeon (Stone Moroco) - Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842) It was reported for the Mesta River by APOSTOLOU (2005) and for the Smolyan Lakes by JANKOVIC & KARAPETKOVA (1992). Bitterling - Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782) The species was found in the Mesta River (Site 3 - abundant) (our data). It was reported for the Vucha River by KOVACHEV (1921), for all the rivers in the Aegean Sea basin by DRENSKY (1951 - Rhodeus sericeus amarus Bloch), for the Maritsa and Aegean river basins by MICHAJLOVA (1965, 1970 - Rhodeus sericeus amarus Bloch), for the Mesta River by APOSTOLOU (2005), and for Batak Reservoir by MARGARITOV (1964 - Rhodeus sericeus amarus Bloch) in the first years since its construction. Roach - Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1758) The species was found in the Vucha River (Site 13), in the reservoirs Beglika, Golyam Beglik and Vucha (Sites 17, 18 and 22) (our data). It was reported for the Mesta River (APOSTOLOU, 2005). It occurred in the reservoirs Batak (ZIVKOV, 1981) and Dospat (ZIVKOV, 1987), where it was introduced accidentally along with carp juveniles. Rudd - Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus, 1758) The species was found in the Smolyan Lakes (Site 15) (our data). It was reported for the rivers Maritsa and Mesta (DRENSKY, 1951, APOSTOLOU, 2005), for Dolno Chairsko Lake (KARAPETKOVA, 1983, 1987), and for Batak Reservoir (MARGARITOV, 1964, ZIVKOV, 1964). Tench - Tinca tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) The species was found in the Smolyan Lakes (Site 15) and in Beglika Reservoir (Site 17) (our data). It was reported for the rivers Maritsa and Mesta (DRENSKY, 1951, APOSTOLOU, 2005). It occurred in the Smolyan Lakes (Samodivsko, Trevisto, Osmanovo) (KARAPETKOVA, 1987), in Batak Reservoir (MARGARITOV, 1964, ZIVKOV, 1981) and in Dospat Reservoir (ZIVKOV, 1987). Dark Vimba - Vimba melanops (Heckel, 1837) The species was reported for the Maritsa River basin by CHICHKOFF (1939) and DRENSKY (1951 - Vimba vimba melanops Heckel), for the Vucha River by KOVACHEV (1921 - Abramis vimba var. melanops Heckel), for the Arda River and its tributaries by
Ichthyofauna
851
PEHLIVANOV (2000), as well as for Batak Reservoir by MARGARITOV (1964 - Abramis melanops (Heckel)) in the first years since its construction. Loaches (Cobitidae) Strumica Loach - Cobitis strumicae Karaman 1955 The species was found in the Mesta River (Site 2) (our data). It was reported as Spined Loach (Cobitis taenia L., 1758) for the rivers Chepinska, Stara Reka (Batashka), Vucha, Chepelarska and the Batak Marsh by KOVACHEV (1921), for all the rivers in the Aegean Sea basin by DRENSKY (1951), for the Maritsa River basins by MICHAJLOVA (1965) and for the Smolyan Lakes (Trevisto, Osmanovo) by KARAPETKOVA (1987). It was also reported for the Mesta River by APOSTOLOU (2005). Balkan Loach - Sabanejewia balcanica (Karaman, 1922) It was reported for all the rivers in the Aegean Sea basin by DRENSKY (1951 - Cobitis aurata balcanica Karaman) and for the Arda River and its tributaries by PEHLIVANOV (2000 - Sabanejewia aurata balcanica Karaman). River Loaches (Balitoridae) Stone Loach - Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus, 1758) It was introduced unintentionally together with the fry of trout into Dospat Reservoir (ZIVKOV, 1987 - Noemacheilus barbatulus (Linnaeus)). Struma Loach - Barbatula bureschi (DRENSKY, 1928) The species was found in the Mesta River (Site 2, Site 3 - abundant in the rapids) and in the Bistritsa River (Site 5 - abundant) (our data). It was reported for the Mesta River (CHICHKOFF, 1939 - Noemacheilus angorae bureschi Drensky; DRENSKY, 1951, PENCZAK et al., 1985, DIKOV et al., 1994 - Noemacheilus bureschi Drensky; KARAPETKOVA & ZIVKOV, 1995 - Noemacheilus angorae bureschi Drensky, APOSTOLOU, 2005). Sheatfishes (Siluridae) Wels Catfish - Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758 The species was found in the reservoirs Teshel and Vucha (Sites 21 and 22). In 1998 it was introduced into Batak Reservoir (Site 23) (our data). It was reported for the Vucha River (KOVACHEV, 1921), and for the rivers Maritsa and Mesta (DRENSKY, 1951). Pikes (Esocidae) Northern Pike - Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758 The species was found in the Smolyan Lakes and Vucha Reservoir (Sites 15 and 22) (our data). It was reported for the rivers Maritsa and Vucha and former Batak Marsh by KOVACHEV (1921), and for the rivers, which f low into the Aegean Sea by DRENSKY (1951).
852
T. STEFANOV, T. TRICHKOVA
Salmonids (Salmonidae) Vendace - Coregonus albula (Linnaeus, 1758) In 1964 the species was introduced into Batak Reservoir (ZIVKOV, 1981). Common Whitefish - Coregonus lavaretus (Linnaeus, 1758) The species was reported for the Osmanovo Lake (the Smolyan Lakes) (KARAPETKOVA, 1987 - Coregonus lavaretus maraenoides, Poljakov). Peled (Northern Whitefish) - Coregonus peled (Gmelin, 1788) In 1970 the species was introduced into Dospat Reservoir (ZIVKOV, 1987). Danube Salmon - Hucho hucho (Linnaeus, 1758) In 1997 stocking material from Slovakia was imported and the species was introduced into the reservoirs Dospat, Golyam Beglik and Batak (Sites 16, 18 and 23) (our data). Rainbow Trout - Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) It was found in the Dospat River (Site 6 - it occurred more frequently than S. trutta), in the Devinska River (Site 8), in the Vucha River (Sites 12, 13 and 14), as well as in the Smolyan Lakes (Site 15) and Dospat Reservoir (Site 16). In 1999 it was introduced into the rivers Kanina (Site 4) and Dospat (Site 6). It was also introduced into the reservoirs Beglika (Site 17), Golyam Beglik (Site 18), Toshkov Chark (Site 19), Shiroka Polyana (Site 20 - 1995, 1996, 1999), Teshel (Site 21) and Vucha (Site 22) (our data). The species was reported for the upper reaches of the rivers Boujnovska, Krichim, Trigradska (KARAPETKOVA, 1983, JANKOV, 1988 - Salmo gairdneri irideus Gibbons, 1855) and Shirokolushka (JANKOV, 1988 - Salmo gairdneri irideus Gibbons), Chepelarska and Chudni Mostove (JANKOV, 1988 - Salmo gairdneri irideus Gibbons), as well as for the Smolyan Lakes (Samodivsko, Trevisto, Osmanovo) and Chairski Lakes (Sini Vir, Dolno Chairsko) (KARAPETKOVA, 1987 - Salmo gairdneri irideus Gibbons). It was introduced into Batak Reservoir (ZIVKOV, 1981) and bred in cages in Dospat Reservoir (ZIVKOV, 1987 Salmo gairdneri irideus Gibbons). Atlantic Salmon - Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758 In the period 1998-1999 the species was introduced into the reservoirs Dospat, Golyam Beglik, Toshkov Chark, Shiroka Polyana, Teshel and Batak (Sites 16, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 23) (our data). Brown Trout - Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758 The species was found in the Mesta River (Site 2), Kanina River (Site 4), Dospat River (Site 6), in the upper reaches of the Devinska River (Site 8 - rarely found), in the Trigradska River (Site 7), in the Vucha River (Sites 10, Site 11 - frequently found, Sites 12 and 13, Site 14 - single specimens), as well as in the Smolyan Lakes (Site 15). In 1999 it was introduced into the rivers Trigradska, Shirokolushka and Devinska. In the period 1988-2000 it was introduced irregularly itto the reservoirs Beglika, Golyam Beglik, Toshkov Chark, Shiroka Polyana, Teshel and Vucha (Sites 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22) (our data). The species was
Ichthyofauna
853
reported as frequently found in the rivers of the Rhodope Mountains (DRENSKY, 1951 - Salmo trutta fario Linnaeus), in the upper reaches of the Mesta and associated rivers (PENCZAK et al. 1985, DIKOV et al. 1994 - Salmo trutta fario Linnaeus), in the upper reaches of the rivers Chepinska, Stara Reka (Batashka) and Vucha (KOVACHEV, 1921 Salmo trutta fario Linnaeus) as well as in the Vucha River system - Boujnovska River (in the part between Boujnovo and Teshel), Krichim River (in the part between Teshel and Devin), the rivers Trigradska and Shirokolushka (KARAPETKOVA, 1983, JANKOV, 1988, DIKOV et al., 1994 - Salmo trutta fario Linnaeus), Chepelarska River (JANKOV, 1988 Salmo trutta fario Linnaeus), the Smolyan Lakes (Samodivsko, Trevisto) and Chairski Lakes (Sini Vir, Dolno Chairsko) (KARAPETKOVA, 1987 - Salmo trutta fario Linnaeus). It was found in the reservoirs Golyam Beglik (BELTSCHEVA, 1959 - Salmo trutta fario Linnaeus) and Dospat (ZIVKOV, 1987 - Salmo trutta fario Linnaeus). Brook Trout - Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814) In 1997, 1998 and 2001 the species was introduced into the reservoirs Toshkov Chark and Shiroka Polyana (Sites 19 and 20). In 2003 it was introduced into the rivers Vucha and Devinska and Golyam Beglik Reservoir (Sites 8-14 and 18) (our data). It was found in Dolno Chairsko Lake (KARAPETKOVA, 1987). European Grayling - Thymallus thymallus (Linnaeus, 1758) The species was introduced into the reservoirs Beglika and Toshkov Chark (our data), as well as into Shiroka Polyana Reservoir and some rivers in the Rhodopes (KARAPETKOVA & ZIVKOV, 1995). Poeciliids (Poeciliidae) Eastern mosquitofish - Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859 The species was reported for the Mesta River by APOSTOLOU (2005 - Gambusia affinis holbrooki). Sunfishes (Centrarchidae) Pumpkinseed (Common Sunfish) - Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) The species was found in the Smolyan Lakes (Site 15) and in the reservoirs Golyam Beglik and Vucha (Sites 18 and 22) (our data). It was reported for the Mesta River (APOSTOLOU, 2005) and for the Smolyan Lakes (Samodivsko, Trevisto) (KARAPETKOVA, 1987). Perches (Percidae) European Perch - Perca f luviatilis Linnaeus, 1758 The species was found in the reservoirs Dospat, Beglika, Golyam Beglik, Shiroka Polyana, Teshel and Vucha (Sites 16, 17, 18, 20, 21 and 22) (our data). It was reported for almost all rivers and marshlands associated with the Aegean Sea (DRENSKY, 1951) and for the Mesta River (APOSTOLOU, 2005). It was introduced probably accidentally (along
854
T. STEFANOV, T. TRICHKOVA
with trout juveniles ) into the reservoirs Dospat (ZIVKOV, 1987) and Batak (RAIKOVAPETROVA & ZIVKOV, 2000). Pikeperch - Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758) It was found in Vucha Reservoir (Site 22) (our data). It was successfully introduced into Batak Reservoir (ZIVKOV, 1981 - Stizostedion lucioperca (Linnaeus)). The results obtained show that 41 species belonging to 11 families have been reported for the ichthyofauna of the Western Rhodopes (Table 1). The occurrence of 28 species was recorded during our survey. The number of species is much bigger than this established in the water basins of the Eastern Rhodope Mountains - 26 species from 8 families (STEFANOV & TRICHKOVA, 2004). Eighteen of all the species reported are native to the ichthyofauna of the Western Rhodopes (Table 1). The status of 5 of the species (Carassius carassius, Rutilus rutilus, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Tinca tinca and Perca fluviatilis) is not clearly defined due to the scarce information available. They are considered “probably native”. Five of the species are endemic in the Balkan Peninsula: Ch. vardarense, V. melanops, C. strumicae, S. balcanica and B. bureschi. All of these species, except for C. strumicae and S. balcanica, can be found only in the rivers belonging to the Aegean Sea basin. Some species found in the Western Rhodopes are native for Bulgaria but they are not typical for this region. Most of them were introduced intentionally into the natural lakes and reservoirs. For example, commercially valuable fish species such as S. trutta, C. carpio and S. lucioperca were widely introduced into many reservoirs in the region. There are data that A. brama is a native species in some rivers within the Aegean Sea basin in Greece (ECONOMIDIS, 1991) but in the Bulgarian part of the Rhodopes it has been mainly artificially introduced into reservoirs. In the last years single attempts were made for the introduction of H. hucho into some reservoirs. Since the species is almost extinct for the ichthyofauna of Bulgaria, stocking material from Slovakia was used for the purpose. Together with the hatchery reared stock of valuable fish, some undesirable fish species (e.g. C. gibelio, R. rutilus, B. barbatula and P. fluviatilis) were accidentally introduced into the rivers, lakes and reservoirs. The species B. barbatula has not been caught in the region since it was found by ZIVKOV (1987). A total of 18 species found in the region are not typical for the Bulgarian ichthyofauna. Most of them were hatched and reared in fish ponds and cages and introduced intentionally into the water bodies of the Western Rhodopes for different reasons - consumption, sport fishing, control of phytoplankton and aquatic vegetation, etc. The species O. mykiss was introduced into most of the reservoirs, natural lakes and rivers in the region. It was bred in fish farms and cages in Dospat Reservoir. The salmonids S. salar, S. fontinalis and T. thymallus were introduced into some reservoirs and lakes. However, the survival and occurrence of these species nowadays is doubtful. In the 1970s three species of the genus Coregonus were bred in fish farms and introduced into some reservoirs and lakes. There are no exact data on the origin of these species and in the Bulgarian ichthyological literature they are recognized as C. lavaretus, C. peled and C. albula. According to some data the introduction and development of Coregonus peled in Dospat Reservoir was quite successful (ZIVKOV, 1987). H. molitrix was introduced
Ichthyofauna
855
T a b l e 1. List of fish species recorded in the Western Rhodopes and their conservation status. (n) - Native species; (i) – Species introduced into the water bodies of the Western Rhodopes; E - Balkan Endemic Species; (p) - Species with unknown status and considered “probably native in the Western Rhodopes”; x - Species recorded by us; B – Biodiversity Protection Law; BERN – Bern Convention; DCE92/43 - Council Directive; IUCN – IUCN Red List. The conservation status of introduced species in their natural habitats is put in brackets. Other abbreviations are given in the text. Family/ Species Petromyzontidae Eudontomyzon sp. Anguillidae Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) Cyprinidae Abramis brama (Linnaeus, 1758) Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch, 1782) Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus, 1758) Aspius aspius (Linnaeus, 1758) Barbus cyclolepis Heckel, 1837 Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758) Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) Chondrostoma vardarense Karaman, 1928 Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844) Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 Gobio gobio (Linnaeus, 1758) Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844) Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842) Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782) Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1758) Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus, 1758) Tinca tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) Vimba melanops (Heckel, 1837) Cobitidae Cobitis strumicae Karaman 1955 Sabanejewia balcanica (Karaman, 1922) Balitoridae Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus, 1758) Barbatula bureschi (Drensky, 1928) Siluridae Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758 Esocidae Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758 Salmonidae Coregonus albula (Linnaeus, 1758) Coregonus lavaretus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Status
B
BERN DCE92/43 IUCN
(n)
II
(n) x (i) x (n) x (n) x (n) (n) x (p) (i) x Ex (i) x (n)* x (n) x (i) (n) x (n) x (i) (n) x (p) x (p) x (p) x E
III B(2) B(4)
II V
DD DD
DD*
B(2)
III
II
VU A1ce
E** x E
B(2)
(i) Ex
B(2)
(n) x
III
III
II
DD DD
DD III
(n) x (i) (i)
(III) (III)
(V) (V)
(DD) (DD)
856
T. STEFANOV, T. TRICHKOVA
Family/ Species Coregonus peled (Gmelin, 1788) Hucho hucho (Linnaeus, 1758) Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758 Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758 Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814) Thymallus thymallus (Linnaeus, 1758) Poeciliidae Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859 Centrarchidae Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) Percidae Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758 Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758)
Status (i) (i) x (i) x (i) x (i)*** x (i) x (i)
B
BERN DCE92/43 IUCN
(III) (B(2,4)) (III)
(V) (DD) (II, V) (EN A2bcde, B1+2bce)
(III)
(II, V)
(III)
(V)
(i) (i) x (p) x (i) x
* – Refers to the wild form of common carp (C. carpio). At present it is considered extinct and replaced by the cultivated form, which was widely introduced into the water bodies of the Western Rhodopes (STEFANOV et al., 2005). ** – According to some authors C. strumicae is a synonym of Cobitis albicoloris Chichkoff 1932 (i.e. IVANOVA & DOBROVOLOV, 2002). *** – Most likely, in the water basins of the Western Rhodopes the artificially introduced populations of S. trutta have long since completely replaced the autochthonous forms. According to some authors (i.e. KOTTELAT, 1997) the species Salmo macedonicus (Karaman, 1924) is distinct from S. trutta and it occurs only in the rivers associated with the Aegean Sea.
irregularly into Batak Reservoir. Ct. idella was introduced into the Smolyan Lakes. The species P. parva, G. holbrooki and L. gibbosus were introduced accidentally into the water bodies of the Western Rhodopes. River ichthyofauna is characterized by comparatively high species richness and low abundance of fish populations. In the upper reaches most frequently found are the species S. trutta, O. mykiss and Ph. phoxinus, while in the middle reaches - B. cyclolepis, G. gobio, L. cephalus and B. bureschi. Most abundant are B. cyclolepis, L. cephalus, Ph. phoxinus and B. bureschi. The species Rh. amarus is abundant in the rapids and in the pools between the rapids, as well as in the small ponds adjacent to the rivers. Rarely found are A. bipunctatus, Ch. vardarense and C. strumicae. Ch. vardarense is abundant in the Mesta River. The main threats to the ichthyofauna in the rivers of the Western Rhodopes are the same as the threats in all other Bulgarian rivers: hydro-electrical engineering development, water pollution by deposition of household and industrial wastes, deforestation and deforestationrelated erosion, excessive fishing and poaching (STEFANOV et al., 2005). The ichthyofauna of the landslide lakes in the Western Rhodopes (Smolyan and Chairski Ezera) is also characterized by low abundance of fish populations. The lakes are stocked with Ct. idella, C. carpio, C. lavaretus, O. mykiss, S. fontinalis and S. trutta. Most frequently occurring are A. alburnus, C. gibelio, G. gobio, L. cephalus, S. erythrophthalmus and T. tinca. (KARAPETKOVA, 1983, 1987, KARAPETKOVA & ZIVKOV, 1989). The main threats are eutrophication, drying up of the lakes, impact of tourism and sport fishing.
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The ichthyofauna in the reservoirs is comparatively diverse. Initially it was formed by the existing native rheophilic species (B. cyclolepis, G. gobio, Ch. vardarense, L. cephalus). Later, the reservoirs were widely stocked with A. brama, C. carpio, O. mykiss, S. trutta, C. albula, C. peled and S. lucioperca. Attempts to introduce S. salar, S. fontinalis, H. hucho and T. thymallus into some reservoirs were made. In addition, some undesirable fish species have been accidentally introduced together with the stocking material (e.g. C. gibelio, R. rutilus, B. barbatula and P. fluviatilis). Some of them had the potential of rapid development and their populations became dominant in the reservoirs. Most frequently found were the species A. alburnus, C. gibelio, C. carpio, L. cephalus, R. rutilus, P. fluviatilis and S. lucioperca. In the recent years, most of the reservoirs in the region have been characterized by low abundance and biomass of valuable fish species and dominance of non-commercial fish species. The main reasons for the reduction of fish populations are: over-exploitation of fish resources, disturbed natural reproduction of phytophilous fishes and water quality deterioration as a result of household and industrial pollution of the reservoirs. Some of the indigenous fish species in the Western Rhodopes are of high conservation importance (Table 1). Five species are included in the recently adopted Biodiversity Protection Law (2002). Four of these species are considered to be of high conservation priority and they are listed in Appendix 2, and one species is placed under a special regime of conservation and regulated use in nature and is listed in Appendix 4 (Table 1). V. melanops is included in the category Vulnerable (VU) of the IUCN Red List. Another 6 species are included in the IUCN Red List under the category Data Deficient (DD). A total of 5 species are included in Appendix III of the Bern Convention. Four species are included in Annex II and one species - in Annex V of the Council Directive 92/43/EEC (Table 1). Most of the salmonid species introduced into the water bodies in the Western Rhodopes are also of conservation importance in their natural habitats (Table 1). Among them H. hucho is of the highest conservation improtance.
Conclusions A total of 41 fish species belonging to 11 families have been reported for the main water bodies of the Western Rhodopes. The faunistic survey shows that 18 of the species are indigenous to the ichthyofauna of the Western Rhodopes. Five of them are endemic in the Balkan Peninsula: Chondrostoma vardarense, Vimba melanops, Barbatula bureschi, Cobitis strumicae and Sabanejewia balcanica. All of these species, except for Cobitis strumicae and Sabanejewia balcanica, can be found only in the rivers belonging to the Aegean Sea basin. The ichthyofauna of rivers and natural lakes is characterized by comparatively high species richness and low abundance of fish populations. The ichthyofauna in the reservoirs is comparatively diverse due to the intensive stocking activities in the past. It is characterized by low abundance and biomass of valuable fish species and dominance of non-commercial fish species. The natural populations of G. gobio, L. cephalus, R. amarus, B. cyclolepis, and B. bureschi can be considered stable,while the populations of A. bipunctatus, Ch. vardarense,
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V. melanops, and E. lucius show a tendency of decrease. There are not enough data on the state of the natural populations of A. alburnus, Ph. phoxinus, S. erythrophthalmus, C. strumicae, S. balcanica and S. glanis. The species A. anguilla is extremely rare and Eudontomyzon sp. is extinct. The species A. aspius has not been found in the last 10 years, so it is probably extinct from the region as well. The results obtained show the great conservation importance of the ichthyofauna in the region. Five species are included in the Biodiversity Protection Law of the Republic of Bulgaria and another 11 species are listed under different categories in international conservation agreements. Some threats, such as the hydro-electrical engineering development, deforestation, water pollution, excessive fishing and poaching, etc., strongly disturb the fish populations. This shows the necessity of undertaking regular monitoring and restoration activities in order to ensure the preservation of the indigenous ichthyofauna in the water bodies of the Western Rhodopes.
Acknowledgements The study was done within the project “Design of Transboundary Natural Park “Western Rhodopes”, DACP”, of Borrowed Nature Association funded by the Ministry of Environment, Physical Planning and Public Work, Greece.
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STEFANOV T., TRICHKOVA T. 2004. Fish species diversity in the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). In: Beron P., Popov A. (Eds.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 849-861. STEFANOV T., TRICHKOVA T., ZIVKOV M. 2003. Changes in the ichthyofauna of the Rhodope Mountains. International Scientific Conference “50 Years University of Forestry”, Proceedings, 227-231. STEFANOV T., TRICHKOVA T., ZIVKOV M. 2005. Endangered freshwater fish species in Bulgaria – review and updated information. In: Scientific Articles, The 14th International Symposium Ecology’ 2005, 13-17 June, Bourgas, Bulgaria, 3 (2): 65-76. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.) VLADYKOV V., RENAUD C., KOTT E., ECONOMIDIS P. 1982. A new non-parasitic species of Holarctic lamprey genus Eudontomyzon Regan, 1911 (Petromyzontidae), from Greece. - Can. J. Zool., 60: 2897-2915. ZIVKOV M. 1974. Dynamics of abundance of fish populations in Batak Reservoir. I. Age composition and growth of chub population (Leuciscus cephalus L.). - Izv. Zool. Inst., Sofia, 10: 203-216. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.) ZIVKOV M. 1975. Dynamics of abundance of fish populations in Batak Reservoir. II. Age composition and growth of carp population (Cyprinus carpio L.). - Hydrobiology, Sofia, 2: 32-43. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.) ZIVKOV M. 1976. Dynamics of abundance of fish populations in Batak Reservoir. IV. Age composition and growth of incidental fish species. - Hydrobiology, Sofia 4: 36-51. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.) ZIVKOV M. 1981. [Relationships and characteristics of growth, maturity and fecundity of fishes in Batak Reservoir]. Ph.D. Thesis. Institute of Zoology, BAS, Sofia. (In Bulgarian) ZIVKOV M. 1987. Ichthyofauna and fish-farming in Dospat Reservoir. - Hydrobiology, Sofia, 30: 15-22. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.) ZIVKOV M. 1993. Comparative analysis of the age composition, growth rate and condition of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in three Bulgarian Reservoirs. - Ichthyologia, Beograd, 25 (1): 7-18. ZIVKOV M., STOYANOVA L. 1976. Dynamics of abundance of fish populations in Batak Reservoir. III. Age composition and growth of goldfish population (Carassius auratus gibelio). - Hydrobiology, Sofia, 3: 20-30. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.) ZIVKOV, M., DOBREV, D. 2001. Fishes, amphibians and reptiles in the Rhodope Mountains. Bulgarian Union for the Protection of the Rhodope Mountains Publ., 128 pp. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.) ZIVKOV M., GRUPCHEVA G. 1979. On the occurrence and relative abundance of rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus L.) in the Batak Reservoir. - Hydrobiology, Sofia, 10: 39-42. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.) ZIVKOV M., JANKOV J. 1990. On the growth rate of brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario) in some Bulgarian rivers and methods for its study. - Acta Soc. Zool. Bohemoslov., Prague, 54: 150-160. ZIVKOV M., RAIKOVA-PETROVA G. 2001. Comparative analysis of age composition, growth rate and condition of roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.), in three Bulgarian reservoirs. - Acta zool. bulg., 53 (1): 47-60.
Authors’ addresses: Tihomir Stefanov National Museum of Natural History Bulgarian Academy of Science 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected] Teodora Trichkova Institute of Zoology Bulgarian Academy of Science 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
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Ихтиофауната на Западните Родопи (България) Тихомир СТЕФАНОВ, Теодора ТРИЧКОВА (Р е з ю м е) Направен е преглед на ихтиофауната на Западните Родопи на базата на публикувани досега данни, както и на собствени теренни изследвания, проведени през юли-август 2001 г. Установени са 41 вида риби, принадлежащи към 11 семейства. 18 от всички видове са автохтонни за ихтиофауната на Западните Родопи, а 5 от тях са ендемити за Балканския полуостров: Chondrostoma vardarense, Vimba melanops, Barbatula bureschi, Cobitis strumicae и Sabanejewia balcanica. Ихтиофауната в реките и естествените езера се отличава със сравнително високо видово разнообразие и ниска численост на рибните популации. Ихтиофауната в язовирите се характеризира с богато видово разнообразие, дължащо се на интензивните зарибителни мероприятия, провеждани в миналото. Те се отличават с ниска численост и биомаса на стопанско-ценните видове и с доминиране на плевелните видове риби. Видовете G. gobio, L. cephalus, R. amarus, B. cyclolepis и B. bureschi поддържат стабилни популации в естествени условия, докато A. bipunctatus, Ch. vardarense, V. melanops и E. lucius показват тенденция към редуциране на популациите си. Видове като Eudontomyzon sp., дивата форма на C. carpio и вероятно A. aspius са изчезнали от ихтиофауната на Западни Родопи. Някои от установените в изследвания район видове риби притежават висок природозащитен статус: 5 вида са защитени от Закона за биологичното разнообразие, а 11 други вида са включени в международни природозащитни споразумения и конвенции. Редица фактори като изграждането на хидроелектрически съоръжения, обезлесяването и ерозията, промишленото и битовото замърсяване и най-вече неконтролируемият риболов и бракониерството оказват отрицателно въздействие върху рибните популации в района. Това налага провеждането на постоянен мониторинг и възстановителни дейности, които да осигурят опазването на ихтиофауната на Западни Родопи.
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Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
The herpetofauna (Amphibia and Reptilia) of the Western Rhodopes mountain (Bulgaria and Greece)
BOYAN P. PETROV, NIKOLAY TZANKOV, HENK STRIJBOSCH, Georgi POPGEORGIEV, Vladimir BESHKOV
Petrov B. P., N. Tzankov, H. Strijbosch, G. Popgeorgiev, V. Beshkov. 2006. The herpetofauna (Amphibia and Reptilia) of the Western Rhodopes mountain (Bulgaria and Greece).– In: Beron P. (ed.) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 863-912. Abstract: The Western Rhodopes (8732 km2) encompass vast forested areas and transborder mountain ridges up to 2191 m a.s.l between Bulgaria and Greece. The paper outlines all published herpetofaunal data for Bulgarian and Greek Western Rhodopes and supplements many original records. The herpetological diversity is remarkably high: 12 species of amphibians (4 tailed and 8 anurans) and 27 species of reptiles (2 tortoises, 2 terrapins, 12 lizards and 11 snakes). Altogether 34 species were found in the Bulgarian part, 32 were proved for the Greek part of the mountain. Two species of snakes, Typhlops vermicularis and Zamenis situla are considered extinct for the studied region. The most common and abundant amphibians are Salamandra salamandra, Rana temporaria, Rana graeca and Bufo bufo. The most widespread reptiles are Podarcis muralis, Lacerta viridis, Anguis fragilis, Natrix natrix and Coronella austriaca. Brief zoogeographical analysis and distribution maps for the majority of the species are provided. Herpetological conservation issues and threats are also discussed. Key words: Amphibia, Reptilia, Western Rhodopes, Bulgaria, Greece, distribution, conservation
Introduction The Western Rhodopes form a vast expanse of mountain ridges covered with dense forests. The species composition and distribution of the herpetofauna of the mountain has never been summarized for both countries. Being a border mountain between Bulgaria and Greece, large areas remained poorly studied for a long period due to cold war restrictions. The earliest herpetological records came from the base of the mountain (Bulgaria) and were published by HRISTOVICH (1892), KOWATSCHEFF (1912) and KOVATCHEV (1917). The knowledge on the species composition of amphibians and reptiles in the Western Rhodopes got a surge after BURESCH & ZONKOW (1932, 1933, 1934, 1941 and 1942) published their fundamental herpetological papers. Occasional findings of various species were published or presented by ANGELOV et al. (1966, 1972), BESHKOV
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(1961, 1966, 1970, 1972 a, b, 1985), BESHKOV et al. (1967, 1981), DUHALOV (1999), SABEVA (1965) and VESSELINOV (1994). The herpetofauna of the Greek Rhodopes remained poorly studied for a long period. Herpetofaunal data were published by CHONDROPOULOS (1986, 1989) and later contributed with records by ASIMAKOPOULOS (1989; 1994a, b; 1997a), IOANNIDIS & BOUSBOURAS (1989), NILSON & ANDRÉN (1987), BOUSBOURAS et al. (1997) and some others. As B. Asimakopoulos, who carried out most of the field surveys (1986-1990), focussed mainly on amphibians, this group is covered relatively better than the Rhodopean reptiles. In spite of these contributions, some species have never been published for the mountain and the distribution of many others remained poorly known. The present review paper aims to outline all published herpetofaunal records for the Bulgarian and Greek parts. It also supplements many additional records and comments for all species, and so supplies knowledge of their local distribution, which would allow an up-to-date regional conservation planning, mapping and zoning. By providing summarized chorological data, we will greatly facilitate the identification of biodiversity hot spots and their further designation and management as protected territories.
Material and methods The Western Rhodopes are the largest mountain land within the Rilo-Rhodopean chain. The mountain covers 8732 sq. km of which 8061 sq. km belong to Bulgaria and 671 sq. km are in Greece. The lowest foothills start from ca. 100 m in Greece and the highest point reaches 2191 m a.s.l in Bulgaria (Golyam Perelik Summit). More than half of the mountain (53.6%) is considered as montane land (800-1400 m). The precipitation maximum is in May-June with a subsidiary peak in November-December. The river network is dense and their flow regimes follow the local precipitation trends. The climate is basically transitional continental and the average temperature of the air varies between 5°C to 9°C. The composition of the vegetation cover depends on the altitude and the exposure of the slopes. Conifers like Pinus sylvestris, P. heldreichii, Picea abies and Abies alba cover vast areas in the Bulgarian part (more than 70% of the tree coverage) and along the border with Greece between 1000 m and 1900 m. The tree cover in the lower belts is dominated by Fagus sylvatica, Quercus petraea, Q. pubescens, Q. frainetto, Q. cerris and Q. coccifera (the latter only in Greece). New findings from Bulgaria were discovered mainly during the last 25 years (19802005) though older records were also considered. Some areas, especially west of Vacha River Valley (e.g. Dubrash Ridge) were rarely visited compared to other areas (e.g. Dobrostan Ridge, Chernatisa Ridge, Trigrad and Pamporovo areas). Original records from Greece come mostly from two sites - ‘Paranesti Virgin Forest’ (= “Zagradenia Forest” or “Frakto Forest”) and its surroundings and from the Kompsatos River Valley near the Bulgarian border north of Iasmos. We call “Base Camp of Paranesti Virgin Forest” the visitor’s center of the Forest Administration of Drama, which is situated in the middle of that area. The studied parts of the mountain belong to the prefectures of Rodopi, Xanthi and Drama.
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Amphibians and reptiles were noted at sight or caught by hand for exact identification of species, sex, age and reproductive status. Animals killed on the road or in other ways were carefully examined to best possible taxonomic unit. Oral communications from local people or non-professionals were further considered when occurrence of the species in the area was suspected or was confirmed during the field trips of the authors. Salamandra salamandra, Hyla arborea, Bombina variegata, Rana ridibunda (together with R. kurtmuelleri (balcanica) in Greece), Podarcis muralis and Lacerta viridis are considered as common and their localities are not mapped. Data from literature are summarized and presented in the list with localities. The locality number [in brackets] is the same as on the respective distributional map. Original records are mapped with filled (black) symbols, literature data are given with hollow (white) symbols. Localities without precise collecting data (e.g. Rodopi) are ommited from the maps. Mesta River (BG) = Nestos River (GR). KOR = killed on the road. Names of the principal collectors are abbreviated as follows: BP - B. Petrov, HS - H. Strijbosch, NTz - N. Tzankov, VB - V. Beshkov, GP - G. Popgeorgiev.
Species composition and distribution of amphibians and reptiles in the Western Rhodopes Amphibia A total of 12 species of amphibians (4 tailed and 8 anurans) were found in the Western Rhodopes. This represents 75% of the 16 species known to occur in Bulgaria (BESHKOV & NANEV, 2002). Eleven species were proved for the Greek part of the mountain, which is 69% of the 16 amphibian species found on the continental lands of Greece (ENGELMANN et al., 1993). Salamandra salamandra (Linnaeus, 1758) Published data BULGARIA: Varvara [1] (HRISTOVICH, 1892); near Ladjene (now Velingrad), 4.6.1925 [2]; 2 spec., Yundola Site, alt. 950 m, 2.8.1928 [3]; River Lepenitsa above Chepino (now Velingrad), alt. 1200 m, 31.6.1927 [4]; 3 spec., above Batak, Batashko Lake (Batak Dam), alt. 1200 m, 4.5.1921 [5]; 2 spec., near Beglika forest lodge, 20.6.1926 [6]; 2 spec., Lyubcha, alt. 1100 m, 20.6.1926 [7]; 2 spec., Gyok Tepe and Kara-Bulak (now Borino), alt. 1500 m, 17.9.1934 [8]; Chepelare, alt. 1100 m, 29.6.1924 [9]; 2 spec., Stoykite, below Karlaka Summit, 31.7.1931 [10]; Smolyanski Lakes, below Karamandza Summit (now Snezhanka Summit), alt. 1200 m, 22.7.1938 [11] (BURESCH & ZONKOW, 1941); 1 spec., near Ruen Hut, alt. 1200 m, September 1960 [12]; 2 spec., near Chudnite Mostove Hut, alt. 1500, May 1960 m [13] (ANGELOV & KALCHEV, 1961). GREECE: Miki, alt. 280 m [4]; Likodromion, alt. 390 m [15]; Levadetes, alt. 1200 m [16]; “Gefira Leonida”, Arkoudorema River, Haidou Forest, alt. 1000 m [17]; Oxios River near Prasinada, alt. 600 m [18]; Dipotama, alt. 640 m [19]; Thermes River, Thermes
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Paranesti, alt. 600 m [20]; “Haradra 14”, alt. 720 m [21]; Anthero, Elatia Forest, alt. 1330 m [22]; Gioumourlou, Elatia Forest, alt. 1400 m [23]; “Kentrika Dasarhiou”, Elatia Forest, alt. 1000 m [24]; Stavrorema River, Elatia Forest, 1300 m [25]; Lefkouda, 1400 m [26]; Kallikarpo, near Elatia Forest, alt. 650 m [27]; Skaloti, alt. 940 m [28]; Epovrichiou, near Pappades, alt. 340 m [29] (ASIMAKOPOULOS, 1994b); Elatia area, in pond next to River Vathyrema, alt. 1350 m [30] (BOUSBOURAS et. al., 1997). Original data BULGARIA: 5 ad, Zdravets Hut, alt. 1180 m, 11.5.1963, G. Bachvarov [31]; 2 ad, Ruen Hut, alt. 1215 m, August 1959, G. Bachvarov [12]; 2 ad, Studenets area, Chernatisa Ridge, July 1960, G. Bachvarov [32]; Peshtera, alt. 350 m, 15.4.1963, G. Bachvarov [33]; Hvoyna, alt. 750 m, 17.7.1987, M. Vlašin pers. comm. to VB [34]; Mostovo, alt. 950 m, 14.7.1987, M. Vlašin pers. comm. to VB [35]; several larvae, in ponds, Yundola, alt. 1370 m, 25.6.1994, VB [3]; several larvae, 4 km before Bezvodno from Zhenda, alt. 500 m, 25.7.2001, VB [36]; Varbina, along Arda River, alt. 600 m, 12.10.1998, VB [37]; Stoyanovo, 3 km E of Stoyanov Most Bridge, alt. 550 m, 30.7.1999, VB & BP [38]; several larvae and adults, surroundings of Manastir, alt. 1500-1600 m, 22.7.2001, VB [39]; 2 ad, Prespa Hut, alt. 1780 m, 22.7.2001, VB [40]; 2 ad., 1.5 km and 1 km S of Prespa Summit, alt. 1800 m, 22.7.2001, VB [41]; over 20 ad., along the road between Teshel and Orfei Hut, alt. 1000-1300 m, October 1973, VB [42]; 1 ad, KOR, entrance of Devin, alt. 700 m, 24.4.2002, VB [43]; Grohotno, alt. 850 m, 31.3.1986, VB & L. Prekrutov [44]; Momchilovtsi, alt. 1200 m, October 1968, VB [45]; between Bostina and Smolyan (Ustovo), alt. 850 m, 26.6.1993, VB [46]; 31 ad, on the trail between Bachkovski Monastery and Biosphere Reserve Chervenata Stena, alt. 450-900 m, 11.4.1959, VB & P. Beron; idem, 5 ad, 20.10.2003, GP [47]; 3 km before Fotinovo from Nova Mahala, alt. 1350 m, 8.6.1981, VB & D. Jameson [48]; 2 km above Bratsigovo towards Ravnogor, alt. 750 m, July 1980, VB [49]; 1 ad, KOR, junction to Boykovo 5 km S of Hrabrino, alt. 800 m, July 1980, VB [50]; several larvae, between Lyaskovo and Devin, alt. 1000 m, 26.9.2003, VB [51]; Mihalkovo, alt. 600 m, 26.9.2003, VB [52]; 1 ad., River Lepenitsa, 3 km S of Velingrad, alt. 900 m, 30.6.1994, NTz [53]; 18 ad., on the road between Dospat towards Shiroka Polyana Dam, alt. 1250 m, 30.4.2001, NTz [54]; 4 ad., below Chairskite Lakes, alt. 1200-1400 m, 29.4.2001, NTz [55]; 2 larvae, Krichim, Izgoryaloto Gyume Reserve, alt. 450-500 m, 1.7.2004, NTz [56]; 1 ad, junction to Gyovren, between Teshel and Trigrad, alt. 950 m, June 2005, S. Beshkov [57]; 1 ad. KOR, 2 km before Mostovo, alt. 900 m, 26.10.1991, BP & P. Stoev [58]; 1 ad., Koupena Reserve, rock niche close to Snezhanka Cave, alt. 860 m, 23.11.1991, BP [59]; 1 ad., Hut Orfei above Borino, alt. 1100 m, 3.8.1997, BP [60]; 1 ad., on the road between Chala and Borino, alt. 1350 m, 3.8.1997, BP [61]; 1 ad., climbing site Bryanovshtitsa above Hrabrino, 750 m, 12.4.1999, BP [62]; 20 larvae, disused mine gallery, Enyovche, Muratovska Mahala, alt. 700 m, 29.8.2001, BP & VB [63]; 1 juv. between Mihalkovo and Devin, 650 m, 1.9.2001, BP & VB [64]; 7 ad, KOR, between Belitsa and Zagrazhden, alt. 850-1000 m, 22.7.2001 and 18.10.2001, BP & VB [65]; 10 ad, KOR, between Yavrovo and Dobraluk, alt. 900-1000 m, 22.10.2001, BP & VB [66]; 4 larvae, 6 km W of Dospat along the southern bank of the dam, alt. 1230 m, 16.6.2002 , BP & HS; idem. 2 ad, 11.5.2005, BP & NTz [67]; 4 ad., KOR, between Trigrad and Teshel, alt. 950-1000 m, 11.5.2005, BP & NTz [57]; 1 ad., 2 km before Vodni Pad from Trigrad, alt.
Herpetofauna
867
1250 m, 18.9.2005, BP [68]; 1 ad. Kesten, in Forgovo cave, Forgovo Dere, alt. 1360 m, 18.9.2005, BP [69]; over 10 spec. KOR, between Smolyan and the pass before Mugla, alt. 1000-1400 m, 19.9.2005, BP [70]; 2 ad., along a dirt road 1.5 km and 2.5 km from Djurkovo, alt. 1250 m, 19.10.2001, VB & BP; 3 ad., idem, 8.10.2005, BP [71]; 1 ad, Laki, at the entrance of a mine gallery, alt. 700 m, 9.10.2005 BP [72]; 1 ad., near Boykovo, Sindjok Range, alt. 1220 m, 10.6.2004, GP & O. Todorov [73]; 1 ad., near Boykovo, Druma Range, alt. 1150 m, 6.7.2004, GP & O. Todorov [74]; 6 ad., south of Koritata, Tsigansko Gradishte, alt 1600 m, 2.9.2005. GP [75]; 1 ad., under stone on the top of Malkoto Chengene, Tsigansko Gradishte, alt. 1763 m, 3.9.2005, GP [76]; 1 m, 3 ad., under stone on a dirt road between Koritata and Tsigansko Gradishte (Chengeneto), alt. 1350 m, 4.9.2005, GP & D. Plachiyski [77]; 1 ad., near Marzyan, alt. 900 m, 5.9.2005, GP [78]; 14 ad., at 1 hour walking distance on the road Boykovo–Dedevo, alt. 1100–1150 m, 10.10.2005, GP & O. Todorov [79]. GREECE: 2 ad., KOR, on the road 3 km N of Thermia Paranestiou, alt. 850 m, 15.5.1998, HS [80]; >10 larvae, forest brooklet 10 km N of Thermia Paranestiou, alt.1050 m, 15.5.1998, HS [81]; 1 subad., under stone in ‘Paranesti Virgin Forest’ (60 km N of Paranesti), alt. 1000 m, 15.5.1998, HS [82]; 5 larvae, brooklet near road bifurcation 11 km W of ‘Base Camp’ of ‘Paranesti Virgin Forest’, alt. 950 m, 22.5.2004, HS [83]; 1 ad., 17 km W of ‘Base Camp’ of ‘Paranesti Virgin Forest’, alt. 1200 m, 23.5.2004, HS [84]; 3 larvae, brooklet along road 7 km W of ‘Base Camp’ of ‘Paranesti Virgin Forest’, alt. 1090 m, 23.5.2004, HS [85]; 5 larvae, in Kalydorema brooklet, 9 km W of ‘Base Camp’ of ‘Paranesti Virgin Forest’, alt. 1110 m, 24.5.2004, HS [86]. The Fire Salamander is the most common tailed amphibian in the Western Rhodopes (62 localities in Bulgaria, 24 in Greece) due to the great availability of moist forests throughout the mountain. A map of distributioin is not provided because the occurrence of the species is nearly discontinuous though in some areas its occurrence is not supported by field data. The highest record comes from Prespa Summit in Bulgaria at 1800 m. Triturus alpestris (Laurenti, 1768) Published data BULGARIA: Kolibishka Reka before Beglika forest lodge 1500 m, 24.6.1921, 26.5.1929, 23.5.1932 [1]; above Smolyan, Smolyanski Lakes, alt. 1400 m, July 1939 [2] (BURESCH & ZONKOW 1941); Yundola Site, alt. 1350 m [3]; 3 ad, near Zdravets Hut, alt. 1180 m, 10.6.1963, G. Bachvarov [4] (BESHKOV, 1985); Orfei Hut above Borino, Topliya Izvor Site, alt. 1190 m, 1992, T. Ivanova [5]; Djenevra Site, between the dams Golyam Beglik and Shiroka Polyana, alt. 1600 m, 10.6.1993, D. Vesselinov [6] (BESHKOV & NANEV, 2002). GREECE: 3 ad, Elatia area, pond next to river Vathyrema, alt. 1350 m [7] (BOUSBOURAS et. al., 1997).
868
B.P. PETROV, N. TZANKOV, H. STRIJBOSCH, G. POPGEORGIEV, V. BESHKOV
Original data BULGARIA: Studenets area, Chernatisa Ridge, alt. 1400 m, July 1960, G. Bachvarov [8]; Dospat Dam, alt. 1200 m, 10.7.1987, M. Vlašin pers. comm. to VB; 1 ad, KOR, 6 km W of Dospat along the southern bank of the dam, alt. 1230 m, 16.6.2002, HS & BP; idem., 6 ad. after breeding, 11.5.2005, BP & NTz [9]; several ad., Golyam Beglik Dam (formerly Vassil Kolarov Dam), alt. 1550 m, Autumn 1954, Y. Gorelov [10]; 16 ad., in ponds at Lasov Chark area, Suvarla Tepe, 5-6 km N of Hut Orfei above Borino, alt. 1200 m, 10.6.1993, D. Vesselinov [11]. GREECE: 1 m, collected near Skaloti, April 1998, Ben Hallmann, in May 1998 identified by HS [12] The Alpine Newt is amongst the amphibians with the highest conservation importance for the Western Rhodopes because of its relict occurrence. The distribution of this newt is scattered throughout the region and its abundance varies between more or less allopatric localities (Fig. 1). After VESSELINOV (1994) and our assessments, the status of the Bulgarian populations at Yundola, Lasov Chark and Dospat Dam is “very good”. The status at Djenevra (between the dams Golyam Beglik and Shiroka Polyana) and Smolyanski Ezera is “good” but demands special awareness because of fish introductions and chemical pollutions. Under question or “data deficient” is the situation at Beglika Dam, Golyam
Fig. 1. Distribution of Triturus alpestris, T. karelinii and T. vulgaris.
Herpetofauna
869
Beglik Dam, Toplia Izvor, Zdravets Hut and Studenets sites. The status of the populations in Greece is hard to access due to the limited amount of field records and the obvious rarity of the species. Newt populations are mostly affected by habitat alterations (drainage, pumping, etc.), local pollution, eutrophication and fish introductions. Roads have minor importance though locally they could increase the overall mortality. Triturus karelinii (Strauch, 1870) Published data GREECE: 8 ad, Livera, 400 m2 cement reservoir [1]; 12 ad, Livera, 300-350 m3 artificial earthen reservoir (as T. cristatus karelinii) [1] (BOUSBOURAS & BOURDAKIS, 1997). Original data BULGARIA: 1 ad., flooded areas near Matnitsa River, E of Velingrad, alt. 750 m, 4.7.1994, NTz [2]; 2 ad., in ponds near Boykovo, Sindjok Range, alt. 1220 m, 10.6.2004, GP & O. Todorov [3]. The Balkan Crested Newt is undoubtedly a rare species in the Western Rhodopes (Fig. 1). Its occurrence in Greece was suspected by ASIMAKOPOULOS (1994b) and proved with the findings of BOUSBOURAS & BOURDAKIS (1997) [1]. In order to ensure the survival of the species in the Greek Rhodopes Mt., the latter authors proposed creation of a network of artificial ponds. Triturus vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758) Published data G REECE : Stavroupolis, alt. 100 m [1]; Dam of Thisavros, alt. 300 m [2] (ASIMAKOPOULOS, 1994b). Original data BULGARIA: 3 ad., flooded areas near Matnitsa River, E of Velingrad, alt. 750 m, 12.7.1993, 29.6.1994, NTz [3]; 5 ad., 10 larvae, in ponds near Boykovo, Sindjok Range, alt. 1220 m, 10.6.2004, GP & O. Todorov [4]. GREECE: 1 m, brooklet near Tangeo, 10 km north of Iasmos, alt. 100 m, 20.5.2004, HS [5]. The Smooth Newt was found in the same ponds as the Balkan Crested Newt in the Bulgarian Western Rhodopes (Fig. 1). The few records from Greece probably do not reveal its actual distribution. The samples from the Bulgarian Rhodopes belong to the nominate T. vulgaris vulgaris.
870
B.P. PETROV, N. TZANKOV, H. STRIJBOSCH, G. POPGEORGIEV, V. BESHKOV
Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) Published data BULGARIA: near Varvara [1] (HRISTOVICH, 1892); 1 ad, Dobrostan, Martsiganitsa Hut, entrance of Topchika Cave, alt. 990 m, 28.5.1968 [2] (BESHKOV 1972a). GREECE: Monastery of Panagia, N of Xanthi, alt. 150 m [3]; Kossinthos River near Pillima, alt. 220 m [4]; Thermes of Ehinos, alt. 470 m [5]; “Filakio ¹ 42” on Sakorema River, Dimarion, alt. 500 m [6]; Likodromion, alt. 390 m [7]; Stavroupolis, alt. 100 m [8]; Levadetes, alt. 1200 m [9]; Paranesti, alt. 120 m [10]; Oxios River near Prasinada, alt. 600 m [11]; Dipotama, alt. 640 m [12]; Pefki near Zarkadia, alt. 800 m [13]; Dam of Thisavros, alt. 300 m [14]; Thermes River, Thermes Paranesti, alt. 600 m [15]; Pistola, Elatia Forest, alt. 1450 m [16]; Stavrorema River, Elatia Forest, alt. 1300 m [17]; Epovrichiou, near Pappades, alt. 340 m [18] (ASIMAKOPOULOS, 1994b). Original data BULGARIA: 1 ad, Mostovo, entrance of Gargina Dupka Cave, alt. 905 m, March 1968, VB & P. Beron [19]; Mostovo, 14.7.1987, M. Vlašin pers. comm. to VB [19]; Dospat Dam, alt. 1200 m, 10.7.1987, M. Vlašin pers. comm. to VB [20]; Bachkovski Monastery, alt. 400 m, 16.7.1987,
Fig. 2. Distribution of Bufo bufo.
Herpetofauna
871
M. Vlašin pers. comm. to VB [21]; Assenovgrad, Assenova Krepost Castle, alt. 450 m, 17.7.1987, M. Vlašin pers. comm. to VB [22]; Momchilovtsi, alt. 1200 m [23]; Sokolovtsi, alt. 1100 m, oral comm. to VB [24]; 4 ad, between Stoyanov Most Bridge and Dyavolskiya Most Bridge, along Arda River, alt. 520 m, August 1999, VB & BP [25]; 3 ad, between Dyavolskiya Most Bridge and castle close to Bashevo, along Arda River, alt. 500 m, August 1999, VB & BP [26]; 1 ad, KOR, 1.5 km from Hut Momchil Yunak towards Laki, alt. 1400 m, 23.7.2001, VB [27]; 1 ad, Borovo, Krastova Gora, alt. 1350 m, 22.7.2001, VB [28]; Smolyan, on the road towards Smolyanski Lakes, alt. 800-900 m, July 1985, VB [29]; 1 ad., KOR, Krichim Dam, 1.5 km from the wall towards Krichim, alt. 420 m, July 1985, VB [30]; 2 ad, Hut Zdravets, alt. 1180 m, 11.5.1963, G. Bachvarov [31]; 1 ad, Dobrostan, alt. 1220 m, 10.6.1961, G. Bachvarov [32]; 1 ad. KOR, Koshnitsa, alt. 900 m, 18.8.1991, BP [33]; 1 ad. ssp. bufo, KOR, junction to Mostovo on the road to Vrata, alt. 1000 m, 26.10.1991, BP & P. Stoev [34]; many juv., Belitsa, Gyumberdjiyata, alt. 800 m, 20.8.2001, BP & VB [35]; 2 ad, KOR, 2 km before Belitsa, alt. 750 m, 18.10.2005, BP [36]; 1 ad. KOR, 2 km from the junction to Hut Elitsa towards Laki, alt. 1550 m, 30.8.2001, BP & VB [37]; 1 ad. KOR, Devin, Zabrala, 700 m, 1.9.2001, BP & VB [38]; 3 ad. under stones, 6 km west of Dospat along the southern bank of the dam, alt. 1230 m, 16.6.2002, BP & HS; idem. over 40 spec., 6 in copulation, 11.5.2005, BP & NTz [20]; 2 ad. aff. spinosus, KOR, 2-3 km north of Buynovo, alt. 1300 m, 17.6.2002, BP & HS [39]; 2 ad., KOR, 1 km before Yagodina, alt. 1075 m, 17.9.2005, BP [40]; 2 ad., KOR, between Trigrad and Kesten, 1220 m, 18.9.2005, BP [41]; 2 ad., KOR, between Giovren and Teshel, 950 m, 18.9.2005, BP [42]; 5 ad., River Lepenitsa, 3 km S of Velingrad, alt. 900 m, 30.6.1994, NTz [43]; 1 calling male, Valley of River Bistritsa, 4 km N of Satovcha, alt. 1100 m, 30.4.2001, NTz [44]; many larvae, River Sushitca, before Mostovo, alt. 720–800 m, 2.7.2004, NTz [19]; 1 ad., Mogilitsa, at the entrance of Cave Uhlovitca, alt. 1040 m, 4.7.2004, NTz [45]; 1 f, SW of Trigrad, alt. 1420 m, 15.4.2005, GP & D. Plachiyski [46]; 1 ad., KOR, S of Koritata, Tsigansko Gradishte, alt 1550 m, 2.9.2005, GP [47]; 1 ad., KOR between Koritata and Tsigansko Gradishte (Chengeneto), alt. 1100 m, 4.9.2005, GP & D. Plachiyski [48]; 1 f, near Marzyan, alt. 900 m, 5.9.2005, GP [49]. GREECE: 3 ad, KOR, on the road between Paranesti and Thermia Paranestiou, alt. 300500 m, 15.5.1998, HS [50]; 1 f, KOR, on the road in Paranesti, alt. 165 m, 24.5.2004, HS [10]; 1 ad., KOR, on the road in Iasmos, alt. 30 m, 8.6.2004, HS [51]; 1 ad., KOR, on the road along Nestos (Mesta) River 1.5 km SW of Stavroupoli, alt. 95 m, 3.7.2005, HS [52]. Common Toads were found killed on almost every paved road in the Western Rhodopes, where field surveys were carried out. We presume that it occurs more or less continuously in the studied region (Fig. 2). The highest record comes from 1550 m [37]. Bufo viridis Laurenti, 1768 Published data BULGARIA: 1 ad., near Bachkovski cloister (Bachkovski Manastir), alt. 450 m, 28.7.1931 [1]; 1 spec., Ayazmoto near Momchilovtsi, 11.6.1935 [2] (BURESCH & ZONKOW, 1942); between Ruen Hut and Zdravets Hut, alt. 1200 m [3] (ANGELOV & KALCHEV, 1961).
872
B.P. PETROV, N. TZANKOV, H. STRIJBOSCH, G. POPGEORGIEV, V. BESHKOV
GREECE: “Meseoniki Gefira” near Polyanthon, alt. 100 m [4]; Monastery of Panagia, N of Xanthi, alt. 150 m [5]; Thermes of Ehinos, alt. 470 m [6]; Kossinthos River near Pillima, alt. 220 m [7]; Likodromion, alt. 390 m [8]; Stavroupolis, alt. 100 m [9]; Paranesti, alt. 120 m [10]; Dam of Thisavros, alt. 300 m [11] (ASIMAKOPOULOS, 1994b). Original data BULGARIA: 1 ad, KOR, on the road 2 km S of Peshtera, alt. 500 m, 1961, VB [12]; junction to Filipovo, Mesta River Valley, alt. 700 m, 6.6.1986, VB [13]; between Devin (Nastan) and junction to Shiroka Laka, alt. 720 m, 19-20.5.1977, VB & D. Jameson [14]; 1 ad., KOR, on the road between Mihalkovo and Devin, alt. 600-700 m, 25.4.2002, VB [15]; several calling males, Devin, Zabrala area, alt. 700 m, 24.4.2002, VB [16]; Varvara, alt. 450 m, the thermal baths, 21.5.1972, VB [17]; 1 ad, KOR, between Laki and junction to Belitsa, alt. 650 m, 22.7.2001, VB [18]; 1 ad, Vrata, Belin Tash Site, alt. 1200 m, 29.6.2000, BP [19]; 2 ad, Stoyanovo, Stoyanov Most Bridge, alt. 600 m, 3.8.1999, VB & BP [20]; 1 ad, 5 km downstream from Stoyanov Most Bridge along Arda River, alt. 550 m, 3.8.1999, VB & BP [21]; 2 ad., under stones above Purvenets, alt. 280 m, 4.4.1991, BP [22]; 4 ad., KOR on the road along the southern bank of Dospat Dam, alt. 1320 m, 14.8.1991, BP [23]; 1 ad, KOR, Koshnitsa, alt. 900 m, 18.8.1991, BP [24]; 2 ad, KOR, below Bryanovshtitsa hut, alt. 1000 m, 29.9.1991, BP [25]; 3 ad, KOR between Teshel and Trigrad, alt. 900-1000 m, 16.8.1991, BP [26]; 1 ad, on the road between Ablanitsa
Fig. 3. Distribution of Bufo viridis.
Herpetofauna
873
and Blatska, alt. 450 m, t= 0º C, snowing, 10.3.1998, BP [27]; 1 ad, below Mostovo, at the entrance of Vodnata Peshtera Cave, alt. 850 m, 21.10.2001, BP & VB [28]; ca. 20 spec., surroundings of Velingrad, alt. 700-850 m, July 1993, 6.7.1994, NTz [29]. GREECE: 2 ad., KOR, on the road N of Paranesti, alt. 100-200 m, 15.5.1998, HS [30]; 1 ad., KOR, on the road 10 km N of Paranesti, alt. 300 m, 15.5.1998, HS [31]; 1 m, calling in Kompsatos River near Tangeo, 10 km N of Iasmos, alt. 100 m, 19.5.2004, HS [32]; >100 larvae, in brooklet near Tangeo, 10 km N of Iasmos, alt. 100 m, 20.5.2004, HS [33]; >50 larvae, in pool on the road, 3 km NE of Elatia, alt. 1530 m, 23.5.2004, HS [34]; 1 f, KOR, on the road 5 km N of Iasmos, alt. 230 m, 7.6.2004, HS [35]; 1 ad., KOR, 8 km N of Paranesti, alt. 260 m, 7.7.2005, HS [36]. The highest locality of the Green Toad from the Western Rhodopes was found in the region of Elatia (Greece) at 1530 m a.s.l. We presume that the species was overlooked during the research trips and its distribution is far more continous (especially at lower altitudes) than it appears on the map (Fig. 3). Hyla arborea (Linnaeus, 1758) Published data GREECE: “Meseoniki Gefira” near Polyanthon, alt. 100 m [1]; Stavroupolis, alt. 100 m [2]; Paranesti, alt. 120 m [3]; Dam of Thisavros, alt. 300 m [4]; Vathyrema River near Height Tsakalos, Elatia Forest, alt. 900 m [5] (ASIMAKOPOULOS, 1994b). Original data BULGARIA: above Hvostyane, alt. 475 m, 10.5.1966, VB [6]; calling males, Mihalkovo, the cemetery, alt. 570 m, 25.4.2002, VB [7]; calling males, Devin, Zabrala area, 700 m, 24.4.2002, VB [8]; calling males, Smolyan, Smolyanski Lakes, alt. 1400 m, July 1977, VB & D. Jameson; idem, July 1985, VB [9]; above Peshtera, alt. 400 m, 1963, 1965, 1995, VB [10]; tadpoles and juveniles, in ponds, Vrata, Belin Tash site, alt. 1200 m, 24.7.2001, VB [11]; Srednogortsi, mouth of Cherna River, alt. 650 m, 9.10.1998, VB [12]; calling males, Laki, downtown, alt. 650 m, 22.7.2001, VB [13]; Bachkovo, Ayasmoto above Bachkovski Monastery, alt. 450 m, 9.5.2002, VB & K. Nanev [14]; Chairski Lakes, alt. 1480 m, 12.6.1992, D. Vesselinov [15]; 1 calling male, Chepelare, exit towards Pamporovo, alt. 1150 m, 1.8.1985, VB & D. Dobrev [16]; Velingrad, downtown, alt. 850 m, 9.6.1981, VB & D. Jameson [17]; southernmost point of Batak Dam, alt. 1125 m, September 1973, VB [18]; Mogilitsa, alt. 950 m, July 1985, VB [19]; between Teshel and Grohotno, alt. 900 m, 31.3.1986, VB & L. Prekrutov [20]; calling males, 5 km from Belovo towards Yundola, alt. 700 m, 25.6.1994, VB [21]; calling males, near Matnitsa River E of Velingrad, alt. 750 m, 14.7.1993, NTz [22]; Draginovo, alt. 800 m, 16.7.1993, NTz [23]; 1 spec., Rakitovo, alt. 800 m, 3.7.1994, NTz [24]; 1 spec., Smolyan, alt. 650 m, 18.07.1997, NTz [25]; 1 ad., 6 km west of Dospat along the southern bank of the dam, alt. 1230 m, 16.6.2002, BP & HS [26]; 2 ad., between Parvenets and Hrabrino, in the valley of Parvenetska River, alt. 270 m, 25.9.2005, GP & I. Mollov [27].
874
B.P. PETROV, N. TZANKOV, H. STRIJBOSCH, G. POPGEORGIEV, V. BESHKOV
GREECE: 1 m, along Nestos (Mesta) River 4 km N of Paranesti, alt. 250 m, 14.5.1998, HS [28]; 2 m, calling in Kompsatos River near Tangeo, 10 km N of Iasmos, alt. 100 m, 19.5.2004, HS [29]. Although Common Tree Frogs were rarely reported during the field surveys, we presume that it is not a rare species in the mountain. Bombina variegata (Linnaeus, 1758) Published data BULGARIA: near river Vacha, above Krichim [1]; along the road from Stanimaka (now Assenovgrad) to Hvoyna and Chepelare, especially in a small pond above Hvoyna, alt. 1000 m, 30.7.1931 [2]; 3 spec., below Karamandja Summit (now Snezhanka Summit), alt. 1800 m, 30.7.1930 [3]; 1 spec., 7 sp., near Sokolovtsi [4]; near Satovcha and Slashten, 29.8.1934, 2.6.1936 [5-6] (BURESCH & ZONKOW, 1942); above Peshtera [7] (ANGELOV & KALCHEV, 1961). GREECE: Monastery of Panagia, N of Xanthi, alt. 150 m [8]; Miki, alt. 280 m [9]; Ehinos, alt. 380 m [10]; “Filakio ¹ 42”, on Sakorema river, Dimarion, alt. 500 m [11]; Thermes of Ehinos, alt. 470 m [12]; Likodromion, alt. 390 m [13]; Kalithea, alt. 750 m [14]; “Palea Sinantisi”, Haidou Forest, alt. 1250 m [15]; “Filakio Haidou”, Haidou Forest, alt. 1400 m [16]; Thermal springs of Ehinos, alt. 300 m [17]; Levadetes, alt. 1200 m [18]; “Gefira Leonida”, Arkoudorema River, Haidou Forest, alt. 1000 m [19]; Stavroupolis, alt. 100 m [20]; Paranesti, alt. 120 m [21]; Oxios River near Prasinada, alt. 600 m [22]; Dipotama, alt. 640 m [23]; Lepidas, alt. 1440 m [24]; Likopoulo, alt. 1550 m [25]; Stamna, alt. 1200 m [26]; Pefki near Zarkadia, alt. 800 m [27]; “Gefira Pharasinos”, Pharasinos River Valley, alt. 400 m [28]; Georgiadis Stream, Thisavros, alt. 300 m [29]; Thermes River, Thermes Paranesti, alt. 600 m [30]; “Haradra 14”, alt. 720 m [31]; “Likolikos”, Paranesti Virgin Forest, alt. 1650 m [32]; “Distropi Haradra” near Paranesti Virgin Forest, alt. 1200 m [33]; Anthero, Elatia Forest, alt. 1330 m [34]; “Kentrika Dasarhiou”, Elatia Forest, alt. 1000 m [35]; Vathyrema River near Height Tsakalos, Elatia Forest, alt. 900 m [36]; “Trizenitsa” at Vathyrema River, Elatia Forest, alt. 880 m [37]; Lefkouda, alt. 1400 m [38]; Kallikarpo, near Elatia Forest, alt. 650 m [39]; Skaloti, alt. 940 m [40]; Epovrichiou, near Pappades, alt. 340 m [41]; Potami, alt. 390 m [42] (ASIMAKOPOULOS, 1994b); Elatia area, in a pond next to River Vathyrema, alt. 1350 m [36] (BOUSBOURAS et. al., 1997). Original data BULGARIA: between the huts Ruen and Zdravets, alt. 1200 m, October 1995, VB [43]; many ad, 4-5 km before Bezvodno from Zhenda, alt. 500 m, 26.7.2001, VB [44]; abundant, Trigrad, Hut Trigradski Skali, alt. 1000 m, June 2005, S. Beshkov [45]; 1 ad., KOR between Teshel and Trigrad, alt. 900 m, 16.8.1991, BP [46]; 10 ad., Trigrad, stream in Suhiya Dol on the road to Kesten, alt. 1150 m, 3.6.2000, BP [47]; 3 ad., below Mostovo close to Vodnata Peshtera Cave, alt. 850 m, 21.10.2001, BP & VB; idem., many
Herpetofauna
875
ad., 720–800 m, 2.7.2004, NTz [48]; 20 ad., in ponds above Perushtitsa, Manastira, alt. 400 m, 7.5.2002, BP [49]; 12 ad., Krichim, Izgoryaloto Gyume Reserve, alt. 450-500 m, 1.7.2004, NTz [50]; 7 ad., Zhenda, Zhenda Reserve, alt. 750 m, 1.7.2004, NTz [51]; 1 ad., in a small pond near Kiselichkovo, alt. 1150 m, NTz [52]; 4 ad., 3 juv., between Parvenets and Hrabrino, in the valley of Parvenetska River, alt. 270 m, 25.9.2004, GP & I. Mollov [53]; 11 ad., Golyamoto Burdo between Devin and Stomanovo (7 km from Devin), alt. 890 m, 20.5.2005, GP & D. Plachiyski [54]; 5 ad., in ponds near Boykovo, Druma Range, alt. 1150 m, 6.7.2004; GP & O. Todorov [55]; 4 ad., in ponds near Osikovo, alt. 1200 m, 10.7.2005, GP & O. Todorov [56]; 5 ad., in ponds 1 km before Selcha, alt. 1150 m, 10.7.2005, GP & O. Todorov [57]; 6 ad., 4 juv., in ponds near Elhovska River, 1.5 km from Plovdivtsi, alt. 950 m, 12.8.2005, GP & S. Avramov [58]; 5 ad., 15 juv., in Erma River near Marzyan, alt. 850 m, 5.9.2005, GP [59]; locally very abundant in Arda River between Srednogortsi and Dam Kardjali Dam, 700-450 m, 1999, VB & BP [60]. GREECE: 3 ad., brooklet near Kompsatos River 8 km N of Iasmos, alt. 130 m, 13.5.1998, HS [61]; 2 m, brooklet along road, 12 km N of Paranesti, alt. 300 m, 15.5.1998, HS [62]; >10 ad., brooklet near road bifurcation at 11 km W of ‘Base Camp’ of ‘Paranesti Virgin Forest’, alt. 950 m, 22.5.2004, HS [63]; 3 ad., in a pool on the road, 14 km W of ‘Base Camp’ of ‘Paranesti Virgin Forest’, alt. 1015 m, 22.5.2004, HS [64]; 1 m, in pool on road, 12 km W of ‘Base Camp’ of ‘Paranesti Virgin Forest’, alt. 900 m, 23.5.2004, HS [65]; 5 ad., brooklet along road, 7 km W of ‘Base Camp’ of ‘Paranesti Virgin Forest’, alt. 1090 m, 23.5.2004, HS [66]; 3 ad., brooklet in ‘Paranesti Virgin Forest’, alt. 1145 m, 4.7.2005, HS [67]; 5 ad., pools on the road in ‘Paranesti Virgin Forest’, alt. 1000 m, 6.7.2005, HS [68]. The Fire-belied Toad was found to occur in a wide altitudinal range up to 1800 m a.s.l. (Karamandja Summit, now Snezhanka Summit[3]). This is amongst the highest known records of this toad in Bulgaria. In the Greek Rhodopes it was found up to 1550 m a.s.l. [25]. Rana graeca Boulenger, 1891 Published data BULGARIA: River Pashmakliyska near Pashmaklyi (now Smolyan), alt. 760 m [1] (MÜLLER, 1934); 4 spec., River Bistritsa, near Slashten, alt. 500 m, 4.6.1936, 26.4.1936 [2]; 2 spec., River Mesta, tributaries near Tuhovishta, 2.6.1936 [3] (BURESCH & ZONKOW, 1942); Mostovo [4] (ANGELOV & KALCHEV, 1961); Bachkovo, Bachkovski Monastery, alt. 450 m [5]; 5 spec., Parvenetska River, 2-3 km above Hrabrino, alt. 350 m, 1.10.1963 [6] (SABEVA, 1965); Narechen, Narechenski Bani, alt. 600, 1.8.1948, V. Petrov [7] (BESHKOV, 1961); Smolyan, alt. 600 m, 9.9.1967, A. Nikolov [1] (BESHKOV, 1970); 1 ad, in a small brook, 18 km S of Krichim, alt. 550 m, 4.9.1969, VB [8]; near Bachkovski Monastery, alt. 450 m, 10.7.1967 [5]; near Slaveyno, alt. 1000 m, summer of 1964, G. Bachvarov [9]; Hut Zdravets, alt. 1180 m, 1.5.1963, G. Bachvarov [10]; 1-2 km after the junction towards Chudnite Mostove Hut from the road to Zabardo, alt. 1150 m [11] (BESHKOV, 1972à, b); junction to Zabardo on the road to Chepelare, alt. 820 m [12] (BESHKOV, 1972b);
876
B.P. PETROV, N. TZANKOV, H. STRIJBOSCH, G. POPGEORGIEV, V. BESHKOV
8 spec., Davidkovo, 1000 m, 1968 [13]; 2 ad, Zdravets Hut, alt. 1180 m, 11.5.1963, G. Bachvarov [10] (BATCHVAROV et al., 1973). GREECE: Arkoudorema River near Paranesti, alt. 300 m [14]; Anthero in Elatia Forest, alt. 1330 m [15] (ASIMAKOPOULOS & SOFIANIDOU, 1987); Thermes of Echinos, alt. 470 m [16]; “Filakio ¹ 42”, Sakorema River near Dimarion, alt. 500 m [17]; Likodromion, alt. 390 m [18]; Levadetes, alt. 1200 m [19]; Oxios River near Prasinada, alt. 600 m [20]; Dipotama, alt. 640 m [21]; Pefki near Zarkadia, alt. 800 m [22]; Platanorema near Zarkadia, small river, alt. 600 m [23]; Thermes River, Thermes Paranesti, alt. 600 m [24]; Georgiadis’stream, Thisavros, alt. 300 m [25]; Anthero in Elatia Forest, alt. 1330 m [15]; Height Tsakalos, Elatia Forest, alt. 1500 m [26]; Kallikarpo near Elatia Forest, alt. 650 m [27]; “Epovrichiou” at Nestos River near Pappades, alt. 340 m [28] (ASIMAKOPOULOS, 1994a). Original data BULGARIA: Yugovo, alt. 750 m, 13.7.1987, M. Vlašin pers. comm. to VB [29]; Mostovo, alt. 950 m, 14.7.1987, M. Vlašin pers. comm. to VB [4]; 2 ad, Hut Akademik (formerly Rodopski partizanin hut), alt. 590 m, October 1985, VB [30]; 2 ad, Dyadovtsi, Dyavolskiya Most Bridge, alt. 540 m, August 1999, VB & BP [31]; 1 ad, 2 km downstream of Dyavolskiya Most Bridge in Arda River Valley, alt. 520 m, August 1999, VB & BP [32]; 1 ad, mouth of Davidkovska Arda River, alt. 400 m, August 1999, VB & BP [33]; Davidkovo, alt. 1000 m, Spring of 1971,
Fig. 4. Distribution of Rana graeca.
Herpetofauna
877
P. Popov, pers. comm. to VB [13]; Diralo, 500 m above Arda River, alt. 620 m, 11.10.1998, VB [34]; 1 ad, Mogilitsa, entrance of Uhlovitsa Cave, alt. 1040 m, 6.8.1999, VB & BP [35]; 1 ad, in a brook 7 km S of Laki towards Manastir, alt. 950 m, 22.7.2001, VB [36]; 1 ad, 4 km from Devin towards Mihalkovo, alt. 680 m, October 2001, VB & BP [37]; 2 ad, 4-5 km before Bezvodno from Zhenda, alt. 500 m, 26.7.2001, VB [38]; 2 ad., entrance of the Cave Gargina Dupka, Mostovo, alt. 905 m, 26.10.1991, BP & P. Stoev [4]; 1 ad., below Mostovo close to Vodnata Peshtera Cave, alt. 850 m, 21.10.2001, BP & VB; idem., many ad./subad., 720–800 m, 2.7.2004, NTz [39]; 3 ad., in Arda River close to Kraypatnata Cave, Smilyan, alt. 780 m, 11.7.1997, BP [40]; 2 ad, Belitsa, Gyumberdziyata, alt. 800 m, 20.8.2001, BP & VB [41]; 1 ad, Belitsa, Belishkata Erkyupria Natural Bridge, alt. 650 m, 20.8.2001, VB & BP [42]; 1 ad., in the mine gallery above Dzurkovo, alt. 1250 m, 19.10.2001, VB & BP [43]; 2 ad. in the river, 2 km N of Buynovo, alt. 1300 m, 17.6.2002, BP & HS [44]; 1 spec. KOR, between Smolyan and the pass before Mugla, 1200 m, 19.9.2005, BP [45]; 2 ad., small tributary of Chepinska River, 5 km N of Draginovo, alt. 800 m, 24.7.1993, NTz [46]; 1 ad., 4 juv., Valley of River Bistritsa, 4 km N of Satovcha, alt. 1100 m, 30.4.2001, NTz [47]; 2 ad., Krichim, Izgoryaloto Gyume Reserve, alt. 450-500 m, 1.7.2004 NTz [48]; 2 ad., 15 subad., Zhenda, Zhenda Reserve, alt. 750 m, 1.7.2004, NTz [49]; 1 ad., between Parvenets and Hrabrino, in the valley of Parvenetska River, alt. 270 m, 25.9.2004, GP & I. Mollov [50]; 3 ad., in Elhovska River, 1-2 km from Plovdivtsi, alt. 950-1100 m, 3.9.2005, GP & S. Avramov [51]; 1 ad., in a stream near a dirt road between Koritata and Tsigansko Gradishte (Chengeneto), alt. 950 m, 4.9.2005, GP & D. Plachiyski [52]; 3 ad, in a stream towards Smolyan, below Pamporovo Resort, Summer of 1990, alt. 1600 m, A. Stojanov [53]. GREECE:1 subad., along brooklet 2,5 km E of ‘Base Camp’ of ‘Paranesti Virgin Forest’, alt. 1000 m, 15.5.1998, HS [54]; 1 subad., 1 ad., along brooklet 4 km N of Thermia Paranestiou, alt. 950 m, 15.5.1998, HS [55]; 1 ad., KOR, on the road 15 km N of Paranesti, alt. 350 m, 15.5.1998, HS [56]; 1 ad., in a brooklet along the road, 12 km E of Elatia, alt. 1360 m, 22.5.2004, HS [57]; 1 m, in Kalydorema brooklet 9 km W of ‘Base Camp’ of ‘Paranesti Virgin Forest’, alt. 1110 m, 24.5.2004, HS [58]; 1 ad., along brooklet in ‘Paranesti Virgin Forest’, alt. 1000 m, 6.7.2005, HS [59]; 2 ad, Pachni, small river, alt. 600 m, 25.9.2000, BP & P. Stoev [60]. The Greek Frog seems to be more common in the Western Rhodopes than the Agile Frog (Fig. 4). The largely available clean mountain streams and tributaries are excellent habitats for the Greek Frog, which occurs nearly as continuously as the Common Frog up to 1600 m [53]. The biology of the species was studied in details by ASIMAKOPOULOS (1997a), ASIMAKOPOULOS & MOURVATI (1999a, b) and BESHKOV (1970, 1972b). Rana dalmatina Bonaparte, 1840 Published data BULGARIA: 3 spec., River Bistritsa below Kribul and near Satovcha, 29.8.1934 [1-2] (BURESCH & ZONKOW, 1942); 1 ad, Dobrostan, Martsiganitsa Hut, entrance of Topchika Cave, alt. 990 m, 28.5.1968 [3] (BESHKOV 1972a).
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B.P. PETROV, N. TZANKOV, H. STRIJBOSCH, G. POPGEORGIEV, V. BESHKOV
GREECE: “Meseoniki Gefira” near Polyanthon, alt. 100 m [4]; Monastery of Panagia, Panagia Forest, N of Xanthi, alt. 150 m [5]; Kossinthos River near Pillima, alt. 220 m [6]; Miki, alt. 180 m [7]; Ehinos, alt. 350 m [8]; Likodromion, alt. 390 m [9]; Kalithea, alt. 750 m [10]; Stavroupolis, alt. 100 m [11]; Paranesti, alt. 120 m [12]; “Gefira Pharasinou” at Pharasinos River, alt. 400 m [13]; “Likolikos”, Paranesti Virgin forest, alt. 1650 m [14]; Vathyrema River near Height Tsakalos, Elatia Forest, alt. 900 m [15]; Height Tsakalos, Elatia Forest, alt. 1500 m [16] (ASIMAKOPOULOS, 1994b). Original data BULGARIA: Hvoyna, alt. 750 m, 17.7.1987, M. Vlašin pers. comm. to VB [17]; 1 ad, Peshtera, entrance of Snezhanka Cave, alt. 860 m, 25.6.1988, VB [18]; Srednogortsi, mouth of Cherna River, alt. 650 m, 09.10.1998, VB [19]; 3 ad, Dyadovtsi, Dyavolskiya Most Bridge, alt. 540 m, August 1999, VB & BP [20]; 1 ad, 1.5 km from the mouth in the valley of Davidkovska Arda river, alt. 450 m, August 1999, VB & BP [21]; Mesta River valley, junction to Dabnitsa, alt. 500 m, 5.4.1960, VB [22]; 1 ad, between Lyaskovo and Devin, alt. 1000 m, 26.9.2003, VB [23]; 3 ad, 2 km from Mihalkovo towards Krichim, alt. 550 m, 26.4.2002, VB [24]; 1 ad. KOR, below hut Bryanovshtitsa, alt. 1000 m, 29.9.1991, BP [25]; 1 ad. on the road between Chala and Borino, alt. 1350 m, 3.8.1997, BP [26]; 1 ad, Belitsa, Gyumberdjiyata, alt. 800 m, 20.8.2001, BP & VB [27]; 2 ad, KOR, 2 km from Belitsa towards Laki, alt. 670 m, 20.8.2001, BP & VB [28]; 1 ad, Perushtitsa, Manastira,
Fig. 5. Distribution of Rana dalmatina.
Herpetofauna
879
alt. 400 m, 07.05.2002, BP [29]; 1 ad., 6 km west of Dospat along the southern bank of the dam, alt. 900 m, 16.6.2002, BP & HS [30]; 1 ad, between Trigrad and Kesten, alt. 1200 m, 18.9.2005, BP [31]; 1 spec., W of Velingrad, alt. 800 m, 19.7.1993, NTz [32]; 1 spec., Draginovo, alt. 800 m, 17.7.1993, NTz [33]; 1 spec., Rakitovo, alt. 800 m, 1.7.1994, NTz [34]; 1 ad., Krichim, Izgoryaloto Gyume Reserve, alt. 450-500 m, 1.7.2004, NTz [35]; 3 ad., River Sushitca, before Mostovo, alt. 720–800 m, 2.7.2004, NTz [36]; 1 ad., between Parvenets and Hrabrino, in the valley of Parvenetska River, alt. 270 m, 25.9.2004, GP & I. Mollov [37]; 1 ad., Golyamoto Burdo between Devin and Stomanovo (4 km from Devin), alt. 1200 m, 20.5.2005, GP & D. Plachiyski [38]; 1 ad., near Boykovo, Sindjok Range, alt. 1220 m, 10.6.2004, GP & O. Todorov [39]; 1 ad., Elhovska River, 1 km from Plovdivtsi, alt. 900 m, 12.8.2005, GP & S. Avramov [40]. GREECE: >30 larvae, >10 juv., drinking reservoir near Tangeo, 10 km N of Iasmos, alt. 100 m, 1.7.2005, HS [41]. We presume that the Agile Frog is much more common in the studied region than revealed by the available field data (Fig. 5). The highest record comes from 1650 m a.s.l. in Greece [14]. Rana ridibunda Pallas, 1771 The Marsh Frog is amongst the common frogs in the Western Rhodopes. It occurs almost continuously along rivers, reservoirs and ponds from the foothills up to ca. 1000 m a.s.l. With regard to difficulties in the field discrimination between R. ridibunda and R. kurtmuelleri (balcanica), all samples from the Greek slopes of the Rhodopes are classified in one group “ridibunda-kurtmuelleri”. Rana temporaria Linnaeus, 1758 Published data BULGARIA: Forests between Chepelare and Pashmàakla on the watershed between rivers Chaya and Arda and near Pashmakli (now Smolyan) (MÜLLER, 1934); 1 spec., Eshek Kulak Hill, below Karlaka Summit, alt. 1800 m, 31.7.1931; Karlaka Summit, near Chepelare, alt. 2000 m, 27.7.1924; 3 spec., Karamandja Summit (now Snezhanka), near Chepelare, alt. 1900 m, 31.7.1931; 3 spec., Buynovo, alt. 1300 m; Katrandja Dere near the old Bulgarian-Greek borderline, 15.11.1937; 7 spec., Site Tash-boaz near Dospat, 4.6.1937; near Batashko Marsh (now Batak Dam), alt. 1090 m, 22.8.1940 (BURESCH & ZONKOW, 1942); Chudnite Mostove Hut (ANGELOV & KALCHEV, 1961); between Chudnite Mostove Hut and the road fork to Zabardo, alt. 1150 m (BESHKOV, 1972a). GREECE: Levadetes, alt. 1200 m (SOFIANODOU et al., 1988); “Palea Sinantisi”, Haidou Forest, alt. 1250 m; Lepidas, alt. 1440 m; Likopoulo, alt. 1550 m; “Likolikos”, Paranesti Virgin Forest, alt. 1650 m; Anthero, Elatia Forest, alt. 1330 m; Gioumourlou, Elatia Forest, alt. 1400 m; Pistola, Elatia Forest, alt. 1450 m; Vathyrema River near Height
880
B.P. PETROV, N. TZANKOV, H. STRIJBOSCH, G. POPGEORGIEV, V. BESHKOV
Tsakalos, Elatia Forest, alt. 900 m; Lefkouda, 1400 m (ASIMAKOPOULOS, 1989); Stenopotamos River between Levadetes and Haidou Forest, alt. 1100 m; “Gefira Leonida” in Arkoudorema River Valley, Haidou, alt. 1000 m; Stavrorema River, Elatia Forest, alt. 1300 m (ASIMAKOPOULOS, 1994b); Elatia area, in a pond next to River Vathyrema, alt. 1350 m (BOUSBOURAS et. al., 1997). Original data BULGARIA: ca. 100 breeding spec. in a lake, junction to Zmeitsa on the road BorinoDospat, alt. 1250 m, 11.3.1998, BP; many egg clumps in puddles, above Kossovo, alt. 1000 m , 25.3.2000, BP; 1 ad. in the cave Forgovo, Forgovo dere, Kesten, alt. 1360 m, 11.11.2000, BP; 6 ad. in Gashtna River, junction towards Stomanevo between Mihalkovo and Devin, 720 m, 2.9.2001, BP & VB; 3 ad, in a brook between Dobraluk and Yavrovo, alt. 1000 m, 22.10.2001, BP & VB; 3 ad, 6 km W of Dospat along the southern bank of the dam, alt. 1230 m, 16.6.2002, BP & HS; idem. 5 ad, 11.5.2005, BP & NTz; 2 ad. in a stream, between Kozhari and Buynovo, alt. 1325 m, 17.6.2002, BP & HS; 2 spec. in a stream, 1 km from Perelik Hut towards the summit, alt. 1950 m, 18.6.2002, BP & HS; 3 subad., 4 km before Chairskite Lakes, alt. 1200 m, 29.4.2001, NTz; many breeding spec., Chairskite Lakes, alt. 1480 m, 29.4.2001, NTz; 8 subad., the pass between Smolyan and Stoikite, alt. 1650 m, 4.7.2004 NTz; 6 ad., eggs, in ponds SW of Trigrad, alt. 1410 m, 15.4.2005, GP & D. Plachiyski; 6 ad., in a pond below Adjelareto Summit (4 km S of Trigrad), alt. 1470 m,
Fig. 6. Distribution of Rana temporaria.
Herpetofauna
881
16.4.2005, GP & D. Plachiyski; 6 ad., eggs, in pond below Portata Summit (8 km S of Trigrad), alt. 1400 m, 16.4.2005, GP & D. Plachiyski; 3 ad., eggs, in floods of Vodni Pad River near the village, alt. 1328 m, 16.4.2005, GP & D. Plachiyski; 1 ad., near BulgarianGreek border, Tsigansko Gradishte, alt. 1560 m, 3.9.2005, GP; 2 ad., in ponds between Koritata and Tsigansko Gradishte (Chengeneto), alt. 950 m, 4.9.2005, GP & D. Plachiyski; 1 juv., in the valley of Erma River near Marzyan, alt. 850 m, 5.9.2005, GP. GREECE: 1 f, along a brooklet 2,5 km E of ‘Base Camp’ of ‘Paranesti Virgin Forest’, alt. 1000 m, 15.5.1998, HS; >30 larvae, in a pool on forest path in ‘Paranesti Virgin Forest’ (near Bulgarian border), alt. 1160 m, 4.7.2005, HS; 2 juv., 1 f, along a brooklet in ‘Paranesti Virgin Forest’ (near Bulgarian border), alt. 1620 m, 5.7.2005, HS. The Common Frog is the most widespread and abundant anuran within the studied region (Fig. 6). In the Greek part of the Western Rhodopes it occurs only in the areas above 900 m a.s.l. At these altitudes, its occurrence is almost discontinuous, though field data from many highland areas is not avaialble. On the map we have depicted the range of the species based upon the most marginal points of its distribution within the mountain. Original data are not fully presented in the list of localities.
Reptilia A total of 29 species of reptiles (2 tortoises, 2 terrapins, 12 lizards and 13 snakes) were reported from the Western Rhodopes. Out of the 32 terrestrial species of reptiles found in Bulgaria (BESHKOV & NANEV, 2002), 24 (i.e. 75%, including two species, which were not recently confirmed) were established in the studied region. Out of ca. 46 reptiles found in mainland Greece (EMBL REPTILE DATABASE, 2005), 21 species (i.e. 46%) were proved for the Greek part of the mountain. Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758) Original data BULGARIA: 2 spec., flooded areas near River Matnitsa E of Velingrad, alt. 750 m, 14.7.1993, NTz [1]. GREECE: 7 ad., in Nestos (Mesta) River, under a bridge near Stavroupoli, alt. 80 m, 21.5.2004, HS [2]. The distribution and abundance of the European Pond Terrapin within the core of the studied region is limited due to environmental constrains (Fig. 7).
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B.P. PETROV, N. TZANKOV, H. STRIJBOSCH, G. POPGEORGIEV, V. BESHKOV
Mauremys rivulata (Valenciennes, 1833) Original data GREECE: 8 ad., in Nestos River, under a bridge near Stavroupoli, alt. 80 m, 21.5.2004, HS [1]. The Balkan Terrapin was found only once at the border of the studied region (Fig. 7). It could be hardly considered as belonging to the Western Rhodopean herpetofauna. Testudo graeca (Linnaeus, 1758) Published data BULGARIA: 1 spec., Bachkovski cloister, (Bachkovski Manastir), alt. 450 m, 29.7.1931 [1] (BURESCH & ZONKOW, 1933). Original data BULGARIA: 1 subad., Paspal, bank of Arda River, alt. 550 m, 10.10.1998, VB [2]; 1 ad, 4 km upstream of Dyavolskiya Most Bridge along Arda River, alt. 540 m, August 1999,
Fig. 7. Distribution of Emys orbicularis, Mauremys rivulata and Testudo graeca.
Herpetofauna
883
VB & BP [3]; 1 f, on a slope with southern exposure, Kriv Kamuk Range, Boykovo, alt. 1050 m, 15.6.2000, GP & O. Todorov [4]. GREECE: 1 m, 5 km N of Paranesti, alt. 200 m, 13.5.1998, HS [5]; 1 m, on the road near Sterna, 8 km E of Paranesti, alt. 110 m, 11.6.2002, HS [6]; 1 subad., KOR, near Koptero, 5 km W of Iasmos, alt. 40 m, 11.6.2002, HS [7]; 1 m, on the road 9 km N of Paranesti, alt. 290 m, 24.5.2004, HS [8]; 1 m, on the road near Paranesti, alt. 165 m, 24.5.2004, HS [9]. The Spur-thighed Tortoise occurs only at the periphery of the studied region (Fig. 7). It was found high in the mountain close to a villa estate above Boykovo (Bulgaira) at 1050 m [4]. We presume that this specimen was brought there by chance and does not naturally occur at this site. Although survival of adult specimens in this area over a longer period is possible, successful breeding above 800 m a.s.l. in the Bulgarian Western Rhodopes is unlikely. Testudo hermanni Gmelin, 1789 Original data BULGARIA: 1 ad, Dyadovtsi, Dyavolskiya Most Bridge, alt. 540 m, August 1999, VB & BP [1]; 1 ad, 5 km upstream of Dyavolskiya Most Bridge along Arda River, alt. 510 m, August 1999, VB & BP [2]; 1 ad, 1.5 km upstream of Stoyanov Bridge along Arda River, alt. 550 m, August 1999, VB & BP [3]; 1 ad, 4 km downstream of Stoyanov Bridge along Arda River, alt. 540 m, August 1999, VB & BP [4]; 1 ad, 2.5 km from the mouth in the valley of Davidkovska Arda river, alt. 470 m, August 1999, VB & BP [5]; 4 ad., bred in captivity in a restaurant but all were caught close to the village Smilyan, alt. 750-800 m, 10.8.2004, BP [6]; 1 m, on a slope with southern exposure, Kriv Kamuk Range, Boykovo, alt. 1050 m, 10.8.2000, GP & O. Todorov [7]; 1 m, near Narechenski Bani, alt. 910 m, 2.7.2005, K. Stoyanov [8]. GREECE: 4 m, 3 f, Kompsatos River valley near Tangeo, 10 km N of Iasmos, alt. 100-300 m, 13.5.1998, HS [9]; 1 m, along a road 13 km N of Paranesti, alt. 310 m, 15.5.1998, HS [10]; 1 subad, 4 m, 1 f, near Tangeo, 10 km N of Iasmos, alt. 100 m, 20.5.2004, HS [11]; 1m, 1 f, courting pair, between Neochori and Dafnonas, 6 km NW of Stavroupoli, alt. 135 m, 21.5.2004, HS [12]; 1 m, near Kato Tholos, 3 km E of Paranesti, alt. 135 m, 21.5.2004, HS [13]; 1 ad., KOR, on the road near Koptero, 5 km W of Iasmos, alt. 50 m, 7.6.2004, HS [14]; 1 subad., Paranesti, alt. 120 m, 3.7.2005, HS [15]. With regard to the species preferences towards bushy and forested slopes, it is not unusual that the Hermann’s Tortoise has a wider distribution in the Western Rhodopes (Fig. 8). It was found to penetrate deep into the mountain following the major river courses along Arda, Chaya, Mesta, Kompsatos and Arkoudorema Rivers. The discovery of a single specimen close to Boykovo [7] is probably accidental due to translocation by villagers. There are no field observations for the species’ abundance and breeding in the Upper Arda River Valley (Bulgaria) [6] but it is quite possible that locally, environmental conditions allow its successful reproduction.
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B.P. PETROV, N. TZANKOV, H. STRIJBOSCH, G. POPGEORGIEV, V. BESHKOV
Fig. 8. Distribution of Testudo hermanii and Testudo spp.
Testudo spp. Original data BULGARIA: close to Bulgarian-Greek border south of Barutin, oak shrubs, alt. ca. 900 m, 1998, oral comm. to BP; above Perushtitsa, alt. 300-400 m, shrubs, Summer of 2000, oral comm. to BP; old records from the 30’s and 40’s of XX century from the surroundings of Velingrad, oral comm. to NTz. During the field research in Bulgaria local people told us about occurrence of tortoises in the vicinity of many villages. We did not find any specimens but think that locally, the environmental conditions allow natural occurrence of tortoises. V. Beshkov carried out a sociological survey on the relative abundance and distribution of tortoises in Bulgaria between 1976 and 1979. Details from this study have never been published though a review paper appeared later on (BESHKOV, 1993). Considering the high conservation value of tortoises, we report all records from this study, which geographically belong to the Western Rhodopes (Fig. 8). The number in brackets indicates the relative number of tortoises seen in proper habitats within a day walk around a village. Forest workers, mayors, hunters or other relevant respondents provided abundant assessments. The negative responses (i.e. no “tortoises”) from certain villages are not listed.
Herpetofauna
885
Blagoevgrad District: Ablanitsa (25 spec.), Baldevo (10 spec.), Blatska (8-9 spec.), Bogolin (1 spec.), Vaklinovo (10 spec.), Valkosel (10 spec.), Godeshevo (5-6 spec.), Gorno Dryanovo (10-15 spec.), Gospodintsi (10 spec.), Gostun (1 spec.), Garmen (5 spec.), Debren (6 spec.), Dobrinishte (5 spec.), Dolen (6 spec.), Dolno Dryanovo (3-4 spec.), Dabnitsa (10 spec.), Eleshnitsa (4-5 spec.), Zhizhevo (10 spec.), Kochan (3 spec.), Kraishte (5 spec.), Kribul (7 spec.), Krushevo (80 spec.), Leshten (15 spec.), Mesta (5 spec.), Ognyanovo (5 spec.), Oreshe (10 spec.), Osikovo (4 spec.), Pletena (1 spec.), Satovcha (4-5 spec.), Skrebatno (3-4 spec.), Slashten (12 spec.), Tuhovishta (3 spec.), Fargovo (6 spec.), Cherna Mesta (3-5 spec.). Pazardjik District: Velingrad (2-3 spec.), Vetren Dol (1 spec.), Dorkovo (1 spec.), Draginovo (2-3 spec.), Kozarsko (1-2 spec.), Kostandovo (4 spec.), Peshtera (1 spec.). Plovdiv District: Bachkovo (1 spec.), Belitsa (2-3 spec.), Boykovo (1 spec.), Brestovitsa (1 spec), Gorni Voden (10 spec.), Kormisosh (1 spec.), Lyaskovo (2 spec.), Novakovo (5 spec.), Parvenets (1-4 spec.), Topolovo (2 spec.), Tri Mogili (5-6 spec.), Cherven (50 spec.). Smolyan District: Banite (8 spec.), Barutin (1-2 spec.), Borovina (25 spec.), Bukova Polyana (30 spec.), Bukovo (30 spec.), Vehtino (5 spec.), Voikova Laka (3 spec.), Valchan Dol (5 spec.), Varbina (6-8 spec.), Varbovo (1 spec.), Galabovo (50 spec.), Davidkovo (3-4 spec.), Devin (1 spec.), Dospat (5 spec.), Elhovets (3 spec.), Kasak (1 spec.), Leshtak (20-30 spec.), Lyubcha (15 spec.), Madan (1-2 spec.), Malevo (1 spec.), Osikovo (1-2 spec.), Petkovo (1 spec.), Ravninata (12 spec.), Reka (3 spec.), Riben dol (10-20 spec.), Slivka (8 spec.), Smilyan (1 spec.), Srednogorsti (2 spec.), Starnitsa (1 spec.), Tikale (4 spec.), Taran (4 spec.), Tsrancha (10 spec.), Chepintsi (2-3 spec.), Shiroka Laka (2-3 spec.). Reports of tortoises at higher altitudes in the core of the mountain are striking considering the environmental conditions above 1000 m a.s.l. In the majority of those cases, single specimens were released / translocated close to recreational complexes, camping grounds or villa estates. Long-term survival of tortoises above 1000 m a.s.l would be possible only on warm, south-facing slopes, especially in the Greek Western Rhodopes and hardly in Bulgaria. Pseudopus apodus (Pallas, 1775) Original data GREECE: 1 f, near Bulgarian border N of Iasmos, alt. 700 m, 13.5.1998, HS [1]; 1 m, KOR, on the road just W of Stavroupoli, alt. 110 m, 24.5.2004, HS [2]; 4 ad., KOR, on the road 2-3 km W of Iasmos, alt. 40 m, 7.6.2004, HS [3]; 1 ad., Kompsatos valley, 10 km N of Iasmos, alt. 100 m, 8.7.2004, HS [4]. The European Glass Lizard is a common and locally abundant species all over Northern Greece. During the field trips we found it in the foothills of the Western Rhodopes [2] and even further deep in the mountain along Kompsatos River [3, 4] up to 700 m a.s.l. [1] (Fig. 9).
886
B.P. PETROV, N. TZANKOV, H. STRIJBOSCH, G. POPGEORGIEV, V. BESHKOV
Fig. 9. Distribution of Pseudopus apodus and Anguis fragilis.
Anguis fragilis Linnaeus, 1758 Published data BULGARIA: Ladjene (now Velingrad), 4.6.1925 [1]; 1 sp., near River Lepenitsa, Chepino (now Velingrad), alt. 1000 m, 31.7.1927 [2]; 1 spec., below Syutkya Summit, alt. 1700 m, 27.4.1930 [3]; 1 spec., Lyutite Kamani Site near Dyovlen (now Devin), 27.5.1924 [4]; Bachkovski cloister (Bachkovski Manastir), alt. 450 m, 8.8.1905 [5] (BURESCH & ZONKOW, 1933); Devin [6] (BESHKOV, 1966). Original data BULGARIA: 1 ad, below Snezhanka Summit above Pamporovo, alt. 1800 m, July 1950, VB [7]; 1.5 km before Chudnite Mostove Hut, alt. 1400 m, 19.5.1966, VB [8]; 1 ad, between Smolyan and Sokolovtsi, alt. 800 m, October 1968, VB [9]; 2 km above Fotinovo towards Ravnogor, alt. 1200 m, 8.6.1981, VB & D. Jameson [10]; between Slashten and Tuhovishta, alt. 700 m, 6.6.1986, VB [11]; Tsruncha, alt. 1050 m, 6.6.1986, VB [12]; 2 km from Kovachevitsa towards Gotse Delchev, alt. 900 m, 5.6.1986, VB [13]; Yundola, 500 m from the highest point of the road pass, alt. 1300 m, 25.6.1995, VB [14]; Varbina, 1 km downstream along Arda River, alt.600 m, 10.10.1998, VB [15]; Vehtino, along Arda River,
Herpetofauna
887
alt. 600 m, 10.10.1998, VB [16]; 1 ad, 1.5 km from the mouth in the valley of Davidkovska Arda River, alt. 450 m, August 1999, VB & BP [17]; Junction to Balkan Mahala between Laki and Manastir, alt. 1100 m, 22.7.2001, VB [18]; 10 km from Belitsa towards Zagrazhden, alt. 1200 m, 23.7.2001, VB [19]; 1 ad, between Lyaskovo and Devin, alt. 1000 m, 26.9.2003, VB [20]; Dospat, 1200 m, 10.7.1987, M. Vlašin pers. comm. to VB [21]; 3 ad, junction towards Stomanevo between Mihalkovo and Devin, 650 m, 2.9.2001, BP & VB; idem., 1 ad., 2 juv., under stones, 21.5.2005, GP & D. Plachiyski [22]; 1 juv., KOR, 6 km W of Dospat along the southern bank of the dam, alt. 1230 m, 11.5.2005, BP & NTz [23]; 1 ad. KOR the junction to Smolyanski Ezera Hut above Smolyan, alt. 1100 m, 10.5.2005, BP & NTz [24]; 1 ad, KOR, between Trigrad and Kesten, alt. 1200 m, 18.9.2005, BP [25]; 1 ad. Lbody= ca. 60 cm, on the road between Bedenski Mineralni Bani and Shiroka Laka, alt. 850 m, 18.9.2005, BP [26]; 1 ad, KOR, below Gyovren, alt. 925 m, 28.04.01, NTz [27]; 1 spec., Draginovo, alt. 800 m, 16.7.1993, NTz [28]; 1 spec., Rakitovo, alt. 800 m, 3.7.1994, NTz [29]; 1 spec., Smolyan (Ustovo), alt. 650 m, 8.07.1997, NTz [30]; 1 spec., near Vacha Dam barrage, alt. 500 m, 28.4.2001, NTz [31]; 1 spec., Chairskite Lakes, alt. 1480 m, 29.04.2001, NTz [32]; 1 spec., Satovcha, alt. 1000 m, 30.4.2001, NTz [33]; 1 spec., Dolno Dryanovo, alt. 800 m, 30.4.2001, NTz [34]; 1 spec., below Batashki Snezhnik Summit, alt. 1900 m, 12.8.2002, NTz [35]; 1 spec., Narechen, Narechenski bani, alt. 600 m, 4.6.2003, NTz [36]; 1 ad., 1 km NW of Smolyan towards Kriva River, alt. 1100 m, 10.5.2003, GP [37]; 1 ad., above Boykovo, àlt. 1120 m, 10.6.2005, GP & O. Todorov [38]; 5 ad, along a dirt road between Orehovo and Hut Persenk, alt. 1400-1450 m, 6.6.2004, A. Westerström [39]. GREECE: 1 m, Lbody= 21 cm, Ltail= 27 cm, KOR, on the road 15 km N of Paranesti, alt. 350 m, 15.5.1998, HS [40]; 1 m, 3 km W of ‘Base Camp’ of ‘Paranesti Virgin Forest’, alt. 1330 m, 21.5.2004, HS [41]; 1 subad., 1 m, just S of Elatia, alt. 1585 m, 23.5.2004, HS [42]; 1 m, 13 km W of ‘Base Camp’ of ‘Paranesti Virgin Forest’, alt. 975 m, 23.5.2004, HS [43]; 1 m, 1 f, copulating pair, under stone in ‘Paranesti Virgin Forest’, alt. 1300 m, 4.7.2005, HS [44]. The Slow Worm is a common anguid lizard in the Western Rhodopes (Fig. 9). It occurs up to the timberline at 1800 m a.s.l. [7]. All specimens found in the Bulgarian part of the mountain belong to the nominate subspecies (A. f. fragilis) though samples from Devin locality [6] show mixed characteristics but still they are not typical A. f. colchica. Podarcis erhardi (Bedriaga, 1882) Published data GREECE: Sidironero [1] (POULAKAKIS et al., 2005b); In a wide mountainous zone along the north borders of Greece (CHONDROPOULOS, 1986). Original data BULGARIA: 2 spec., Ablanitsa, alt. 600 m, 8.8.2001, NTz [2]; 1 spec., Slashten, alt. 600 m, 9.8.2001 NTz [3]; many specimens, between Teplen and Beslen, along Mesta River at the Rhodopean bank, alt. 450 m, 20.10.2004, VB [4].
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B.P. PETROV, N. TZANKOV, H. STRIJBOSCH, G. POPGEORGIEV, V. BESHKOV
Fig. 10. Distribution of Podarcis erhardi, Lacerta trilineata, Darevskia praticola and Ophisops elegans. The Erhard’s Wall Lizard occurs only at the periphery of the Western Rhodopes (Fig. 10). It penetrates through the valleys of the major rivers but very rarely occurs above 600 m a.s.l. All examined specimens from Bulgaria belong to P. erhardi riveti. Podarcis muralis (Laurenti, 1768) The Common Wall Lizard is the most widespread lizard in the Western Rhodopes. It occurs mainly on rocks along paved and dirty roads, open cliff bases, boulders, screes and other rocky habitats. It was found in more than 100 localities throughout the mountain. The nominate subspecies was cited in the older literature for NE Greece, including “Rodopi mountain” (CYRÉN, 1933, 1941; CHONDROPOULOS, 1986). At present, only P. muralis albanica was accepted to inhabit the Balkan Peninsula (GRUSCHWITZ & BÖHME, 1986). The latter was defined on the basis of morphological characteristics and does not correspond to classifications based upon molecular phylogenetic clades (POULAKAKIS et al., 2005b). According to the latest morphological assessment (TZANKOV, in prep), the Western Rhodopes is a contact zone between the two closely related morphotypes- P. muralis muralis and P. muralis albanica. Generally, the first one is more common in the northwestern part of the mountain, the second is more common in the southern and eastern parts. The highest record is from 1700 m below Karlaka Summit (Bulgaria) (BURESCH & ZONKOW, 1933).
Herpetofauna
889
Podarcis taurica (Pallas, 1814) Published data GREECE: Miki [1]; Paranesti [2] (POULAKAKIS et al., 2005a). Original data BULGARIA : many specimens, between Teplen and Beslen, along Mesta River at the Rhodopean bank, alt. 450 m, 20.10.2004, VB [3]; 8 spec., S of Ablanitsa, alt. 500 m, 8.8.2001, NTz [4]; 4 spec., S from Slashten, alt. 500 m, 9.8.2001, NTz [5]; 2 ad., above Perushtitsa, alt. 350 m, 6.10.1990, BP [6]; 1 spec., above Brestovitsa, alt. 250-300 m, 5.6.1998, NTz [7]; 2 spec., above Parvenets, alt. 250-300 m, 5.6.1998, NTz [8]; 1 spec., above Novakovo, alt. 550 m, 7.6.1998, NTz [9]. The Balkan Wall Lizard does not occur in the core of the mountain but only locally at the peripheral foothills in open grassy habitats up to ca. 550 m a.s.l. (Fig. 11). Lacerta agilis Linnaeus, 1758 Published data BULGARIA: near Kuklen [1] (KOVATCHEV, 1917); 1 spec., near Batak, 1.4.1924 [2]; idem., 3 spec., 16.5.1931 [2]; Yundola, Geshova Polyana Site, alt. 1400 m, 20.7.1931 [3]; 1 spec., near River Yadenitsa, above Golyamo Belovo, 5.9.1929 [4]; 1 spec., above Stoykite, alt. 1400 m, 31.7.1931 [5]; 1 spec., above Chepelare, alt. 1800 m, 31.7.1931 [6]; 2 spec., Chepelare, alt. 1100 m, 29.6.1924 [7] (BURESCH & ZONKOW, 1933). GREECE: N of Skaloti, prefecture of Drama, July 1986 [8] (NILSON & ANDRÉN, 1987); 1 f, Elatia Region, forest road in Kalivia Zara area, a specimen was found while digging to lay eggs, alt. 1420 m, 8.6.1995 [9] (BOUSBOURAS et. al., 1997); Rhodopi mountain chain (CHONDROPOULOS, 1986). Original data BULGARIA: 1 spec., near Dospat, 14.9.1904, herpetological collection of NMNH [10]; above Pamporovo, alt. 1600 m, 16.7.1977, VB & D. Jameson [11]; Stoykite, alt. 1250 m, 16.7.1977, VB & D. Jameson [12]; 3 f, junction to Zmeitsa on the road Dospat-Borino, alt. 1250 m, July 2005, S. Beshkov [13]; 2 m, 6 km from Satovcha towards Dospat, alt. 1250 m, June 2005, S. Beshkov [14]; 1 m, 1 f, 7 subad., 6 km west of Dospat along the southern bank of the dam, alt. 1230 m, 16.6.2002, BP & HS [15]; 2 f, pregnant, on the road between Kozhari and Buynovo, alt. 1325 m, 17.6.2002, HS & BP [16]; 1 m, 3 spec., 2 km north of Buynovo, alt. 1300 m, 17.6.2002, BP & HS [17]; 1 f pregnant, below the pass between Hut Lednitsata and Mugla, alt. 1680 m, 18.6.1997, D. Duhalov [18]; Batashki Snezhnik Summit, alt. 1850 m, 14.6.1995, NTz [19]; above Chairski Lakes, alt.
890
B.P. PETROV, N. TZANKOV, H. STRIJBOSCH, G. POPGEORGIEV, V. BESHKOV
Fig. 11. Distribution of Podarcis taurica and Lacerta agilis. 1650 m, 29.4.2001, NTz [20]; 2 m, 1 f, N of Boykovo, àlt. 1150 m, 10.6.2005, GP & O. Todorov [21]; 1 f, near the Greek border, Tsigansko Gradishte, alt. 1560 m, 3.9.2005, GP [22]; 1 ad, meadows along a dirt road between Orehovo and Hut Persenk, alt. 1450 m, 7.6.2004, A. Westerström [23]; 1 ad, along Dospat River near Sarnica, 14.9.1204, B. Kitanov, herpetological collection of NMNH [24]. GREECE: 1 m, 2 f (pregnant), 3 km NE of Elatia, alt. 1530 m, 22.5.2004, HS [25]; 7 subad., just S of Elatia, alt. 1585 m, 23.5.2004, HS [26]. With regard to great availability of damp, grassy grounds in the Western Rhodopes, the Sand Lizard is a common species above 900 m a.s.l (Fig. 11). It is rarer in the Greek part of the mountain, though locally it occurs in high number. The record from Kuklen [1] is dubious and needs confirmation. All examined samples from the Westrern Rhodopes in Bulgaria and the recent observations around Elatia in Greece belong to L. agilis bosnica. Lacerta trilineata Bedriaga, 1886 Published data BULGARIA: Perushtitsa [1] (ANGELOV et. al., 1966).
Herpetofauna
891
Original data BULGARIA: W and E from Brestovitsa, alt. 200-300 m, 5.6.1998, NTz [2]. GREECE: 1 m, 3 f, in fields near Amaxades, E of Xanthi, alt. 45 m, 11.6.2002, HS [3]; 1 ad., KOR, on the road 3 km W of Iasmos, alt. 45 m, 11.6.2002, HS [4]; 1 subad., near Tangeo, 10 km N of Iasmos, alt. 100 m, 20.5.2004, HS [5]. The Balkan Green Lizard does not occur high in the mountain but only along the peripheral foothills up to ca. 400 m a.s.l (Fig. 10). Considering the climatic differences, it is more common in the southern (i.e. Greek) foothills of the mountain. All examined samples from Bulgarian Rhodopes belong to L. trilineata dobrogica. Lacerta viridis (Laurenti, 1768) Published data B ULGARIA : Varvara (HRISTOVICH, 1892); 3 spec., near Ladjene (now Velingrad), 28.7.1925; 3 spec., above St. Kirika Monastery (above Gorni Voden), Assenovgrad, alt. 800 m, 17.7.1931; 1 spec., near Chepelare, alt. 1100 m, 30.7.1931 (BURESCH & ZONKOW, 1933); 22 spec., Hrabrino; 1 spec., Peshtera (ANGELOV et. al., 1972); 2 m, 1 f, Bachkovo (ENGELMANN & KABISCH, 1973); GREECE: 1 m, 1 juv., Kuru Chal, N of Xanti, June 1932 (CYRÉN, 1933). Original data BULGARIA: Kyuprya (near Assenovgrad), 15.5.1930; Krichim, 15.8.1930; above Brashten (S of Dospat), alt. 1000 m, 3.6.1936; Vacha River Valley, 26.5.1942, herpetological collection of NMNH; 2 ad, 4-5 km before Bezvodno from Zhenda, alt. 500 m, 26.7.2001, VB; abundant above Perushtitsa, alt. 300-450 m, 19.5.1990, BP; 1 ad., Koshnitsa, along the road, alt. 900 m, 18.8.1991, BP; 5 ad., Bryanovshtitsa climbing site above Hrabrino, 750 m, 22.4.1992, BP; ca. 15 ad. between Ribnovo and Gospodintsi, alt. 750-900 m, 30.4.1994, BP; ca. 10 ad., Kochan, valley of the River Kochanska, alt. 900-950 m, 28.4.1998, BP; abundant on the road between Mihalkovo and Devin, 600-700 m, 1-2.9.2001, BP & VB; 1 ad, above Belitsa on the trail to Borovo, alt. 750 m, 18.10.2001, VB & BP; 3 ad, along the road 5 km north of Buynovo, alt. 1200 m, 17.9.2005, BP; 1f, 2m, between Parvenets and Hrabrino, valley of Parvenetska River, alt. 270 m, 25.9.2004, GP & I. Mollov; 2 ad., between Trigrad and Vodni Pad, alt. 1300 m, 16.4.2005, GP & D. Plachiyski; 3 f, 2 m, 2 subad., on the trail Devin-Stomanovo, alt. 1100-1200 m, 20.5.2005, GP & D. Plachiyski; 1 m, 1 f, near Stomanovo, alt. 1075 m, 20.5.2005, GP & D. Plachiyski; 2m, above Vucha Dam, Chilingira restaurant, alt. 600 m, 11.7.2005, GP & O. Todorov; 2f, between Koritata and Tsigansko Gradishte (Chengeneto), alt. 1000 m, 4.9.2005, GP & D. Plachiyski; 1m, near Marzyan, alt. 900 m, 5.9.2005, GP; 1 f, above meadows along a dirt road between Orehovo and Hut Persenk, alt. 1600 m, 6.6.2004, A. Westerström.
892
B.P. PETROV, N. TZANKOV, H. STRIJBOSCH, G. POPGEORGIEV, V. BESHKOV
GREECE: >20 subad., >10 m, >10 f (pregnant), Kompsatos valley and hills around Tangeo, 10 km N of Iasmos, alt. 100-500 m, 13.5.1998, HS; 1 f, along the road 28 km N of Paranesti, alt. 370 m, 21.5.2004, HS; 4 subad., near Thermia Paranestiou (32 km N of Paranesti), alt. 540 m, 21.5.2004, HS; 1 m, 1 ad., 6 km W of ‘Base Camp’ of ‘Paranesti Virgin Forest’, alt. 1140 m, 21.5.2004, HS; 2 subad., along the road at the road bifurcation 11 km W of ‘Base Camp’ of ‘Paranesti Virgin Forest’, alt. 950 m, 22.5.2004, HS; 3 ad., along the road 18 km E of Elatia, alt. 1060 m, 22.5.2004, HS; 2 ad., along the road 12 km E of Elatia, alt. 1360 m, 22.05.2004, HS; 1 m, on the road 5 km N of Paranesti, alt. 200 m, 24.5.2004, HS; 1 subad., in the stomach of Malpolon monspessulanus (KOR), 3 km N of Paranesti, alt. 240 m, 24.5.2004, HS; 1 f, Kompsatos valley near Tangeo, 10 km N of Iasmos, alt. 100 m, 7.6.2004, HS; 1 m, 3 km N of Iasmos, alt. 405 m, 8.6.2004, HS; 1 ad., on the road along Nestos (Mesta) River, 1,5 km SW of Stavroupoli, alt. 95 m, 3.7.2005, HS; 1 subad., along Nestos (Mesta) River, 5 km N of Paranesti, alt. 155 m, 4.7.2005, HS; 2 f, 1 subad., along the road 30 km N of Paranesti, alt. 435 m, 4.7.2005, HS; 1 subad., along path in ‘Paranesti Virgin Forest’, alt. 1160 m, 4.7.2005, HS; 2 subad., along a brooklet in ‘Paranesti Virgin Forest’, alt. 1000 m, 6.7.2005, HS. The Green Lizards is the second common lizard in the Western Rhodopes after the Common Wall Lizard. The localities have no number and the range of the species is not mapped. It is rarer above 1000 m a.s.l., but on slopes with southern exposure it occurs up to 1600 m. The majority of the samples examined from Bulgarian Rhodopes belong to L. viridis viridis. Transitional morphotypes (to L. viridis meridionalis) were rarely encountered in the lower eastern and northern foothills of the mountain. Darevskia praticola (Eversmann, 1834) Original data BULGARIA: 1 m, near Panichkovo, alt. 700 m, 26.5.2004, D. Duhalov & P. Stoev [1]; 3 m, 2 km along the road before Mostovo, alt. 995 m, 2.7.2004, NTz [2]; 1 m, 1 km W of Mostovo, valley of Sushitsa River, alt. 850 m, 2.7.2004, NTz [3]; 1 ad., on the road Devin–Mihalkovo (5 km from Devin), alt. 700 m, 25.4.2002, VB; idem, 2 ad., 21.5.2005, GP & D. Plachiyski [4]; 5 ad., Golyamoto Burdo, between Devin and Stomanovo (7 km from Devin), alt. 1100 m, 20.5.2005, GP & D. Plachiyski [5]. The Meadow Lizard was previously not known from the Western Rhodopes in Bulgaria. We found it in deciduous (beech and oak forests) woodlands, which are the species most preferred habitats (Fig. 10). Although the present records are scattered, we presume that further field surveys will prove its occurrence in other areas as well. There are no records of the Meadow Lizard from the Greek part of the Western Rhodopes though it was found in the Eastern Rhodopes where the southernmost points within its European range lie (HELMER & SCHOLTE, 1985). Locality [5] is the uppermost one ever recorded in Bulgaria.
Herpetofauna
893
Ophisops elegans Ménétriés, 1832 Original data GREECE: 1 ad., near Tangeo, 10 km N of Iasmos, alt. 100 m, 20.5.2004, HS [1]. The only known locality in the Greek Western Rhodopes is in fact the westernmost point within the range of the species (Fig. 10). Formerly it was known only from Evros prefecture (STRIJBOSCH & VAN DER WINDEN, 1999; PETROV, 2004). There the Snake-eyed Lizard was found in big numbers on dry, southern and bushy slopes. It is obviously rare at the margins of its European distribution, because only one male was found during the intensive searches in Kompsatos valley and particularly around Iasmos. Ablepharus kitaibeli Bibron & Bory, 1833 Published data BULGARIA: Karabuin Site on the southern bank of Dospat Dam, alt. 1250 m, 17.9.1934 [1] (BESHKOV, 1961). Original data BULGARIA: Mostovo, alt. 950 m, 14.7.1987, M. Vlašin pers. comm. to VB [2]; 1 ad., below Mostovo close to Vodnata Peshtera Cave, alt. 800 m, 21.10.2001, BP & VB [3]; 1 spec., near Vacha Dam barrage, alt. 500 m, 28.4.2001, NTz [4]. The Snake-eyed Skink is amongst the rarest reptiles, which occur in the core of the Western Rhodopes (Fig. 12). The species is nowhere very common or abundant. Its occurrence is usually patchy and discontinuous. We presume that it occurs in the Greek part of the mountain because it was found to be locally common in the Eastern Rhodopes Mt. (HELMER & SCHOLTE, 1985; PETROV, 2004). Zootoca vivipara Jacquin, 1787 Published data BULGARIA: 1 spec., Site Beglika, alt. 1400 m, 11.5.1932 [1]; 4 spec., Karlaka Summit, alt. 2178 m, 27.6.1924 [2] (BURESCH & ZONKOW, 1933). Original data BULGARIA: 1 ad, 1 km E of Prespa Summit, alt. 1800 m, 21.7.2001, VB [3]; 3 subad., 1 f, 1 km from Perelik Hut towards the summit, alt. 1950 m, 18.6.2002, HS & BP [4]; 2 ad., 6 km W of Dospat along the southern bank of Dospat Dam, alt. 1230 m, August 1991, BP; idem., 1 m, 2 f, 1 juv, 16.6.2002, HS & BP; idem., 2 f, Summer of 1992, Z. Arnaudov
894
B.P. PETROV, N. TZANKOV, H. STRIJBOSCH, G. POPGEORGIEV, V. BESHKOV
Fig. 12. Distribution of Zootoca vivipara and Ablepharus kitaibeli. [5]; 3 spec., below Golyama Syutkya Summit, alt. 2000 m, 12.6.1995, NTz [6]; 1 spec., Batashki Snezhnik Summit, alt. 2000 m, 14.6.1995, NTz [7]; 1 spec., Golyam Persenk Summit, alt. 2050 m, 8.9.2004, NTz [8]. The occurrence of the Viviparous Lizard is confined to the highest parts of the mountain from 1200 m up to 2178 m a.s.l Fig. 12). It is noteworthy to mention than locality [4] “Perelik Hut” is the southernmost point of its wide distribution in Palearctica. The species was searched by the authors and other herpetologists several times in the Greek Rhodopes but all attempts so far failed to prove its occurrence south of the Perelik Range. Eryx jaculus (Linnaeus, 1758) Published data BULGARIA: 1 m, Lbody= 39 cm, Parvenets, above the village, 6.4.1965, A. Darakchiev [1] (BESHKOV et al., 1967). Original data BULGARIA: Assenovgrad, Assenova Krepost Castle and Visokata Pesht, alt. 350-500 m, pers. comm. to VB [2].
Herpetofauna
895
Fig. 13. Distribution of Eryx jaculus, Typhlops vermicularis and Platyceps najadum. The Sand Boa is known from only two points situated in the northern Rhodopean foothills up to ca. 300 m a.s.l (Fig. 13). It is quite probable that the species will be found in other localities along the northern (Bulgarian) and southern (Greek) Rhodopean foothills where proper habitats are available. It was found not far from the borders of the studied region in Greece, between Kerasea and Poa in Papikio Mt. (NW of Komotini) at 1050 m a.s.l. (ASIMAKOPOULOS, 1997b). Typhlops vermicularis Merrem, 1820 Published data BULGARIA: 1 spec., Varvara, at the second thermal spring, 6 km in Eli-Dere Gorge (now Chepinska River Gorge), May 1908 [1] (KOWATSCHEFF, 1912) (Fig. 13). The record of the Worm Snake has remained unproved for almost a century. The locality was almost fully destroyed after intensive building took place in the middle of the XX century. Recovery however is not impossible considering the low research efforts made in the last 100 years.
896
B.P. PETROV, N. TZANKOV, H. STRIJBOSCH, G. POPGEORGIEV, V. BESHKOV
Platyceps najadum (Eichwald, 1831) Published data BULGARIA: Eli-Dere Gorge (near Chepinsnka River Gorge) [1] (KOWATSCHEFF, 1912); near Assenovgrad [2] (KOVACHEV, 1917); 1 spec., near Ladjene (now Velingrad), 20.7.1933 [3]; near Semchinovo, 17.7.1927 [4]; Assenova Krepost Castle (above Assenovgrad), 10.3.1932 [2] (BURESCH & ZONKOW, 1934). Original data BULGARIA: Assenovgrad, Assenova Krepost Castle, 1960-2000, pers. comm. to VB [2]; several specimens, 1.5 km W of the mouth of Davidkovska Arda River, alt. 450 m, 5-10.5.1995, D. Duhalov [5]; Mesta, Mesta River Valley, alt. 650 m, 25.7.1994, I. Pashaliiski (reported to VB) [6]; 1 ad, above Krichim, Izgoryaloto Gyume Reserve, alt. 550 m, 26.7.2004, S. Lazarov [7]. GREECE: 1 ad., near Tangeo, 12 km N of Iasmos, alt. 300 m, 13.5,1998, HS [8]; 3 ad., near Thermia Paranestiou, 33 km N of Paranesti, alt. 550 m, 15.5.1998, HS [9]; 1 ad., in fields near Amaxades, 15 km E of Xanthi, alt. 45 m, 11.6.2002, HS [10]. The Dahl’s Whip Snake occurs in the Western Rhodopes only along several deep river valleys (e.g. Chaya and Mesta Rivers in Bulgaria and Kompsatos River in Greece) (Fig. 13). Present data show low population density in most of the Bulgarian localities [e.g. 68]. In Greece however it is relatively common considering the proper climatic conditions and habitat availability. We presume that the occurrence of the Dahl’s Whip Snake in other sites at the foot of the Western Rhodopes is highly probable. Dolichophis caspius (Gmelin, 1789) Published data BULGARIA: 1 spec., near Ladjene (now Velingrad), alt. 800 m, 11.5.1923 [1] (BURESCH & ZONKOW, 1934). Original data BULGARIA: Bachkovski Monastery, alt. 400 m, 16.7.1987, M. Vlašin pers. comm. to VB [2]; 1 ad, between Kozarsko and Zhrebichko, alt. 500 m, summer of 1968, VB [3]; Bratsigovo, alt. 450 m, summer of 1968, VB [4]; 1 ad, 3 km upstream of Varbinski Most Bridge along Arda river, alt. 700 m, 9.10.1998, VB [5]; 1 ad, 1 km downstream of the bridge below Kitnitsa, alt. 400 m, August 1999, BP & VB [6]; 1 ad, 4-5 km before Bezvodno from Zhenda, alt. 500 m, 26.7.2001, VB [7]; 1 juv. above Perushtitsa, Yazovira, alt. 350 m, 6.10.1990, BP [8]; 1 m, KOR, Gospodintsi, alt. 575 m, Lbody= 168 cm, Ltail= 42 cm, 6.6.1999, BP & B. Barov [9]; 1 spec., near Kostandovo, alt. 800 m, 4.7.1994, NTz [10]; 1 spec., S of Ablanitsa, alt. 550 m, 30.4.2001, NTz [11]; 1spec., Narechenski Bani, alt. 600 m, 4.6.2003, NTz [12];
Herpetofauna
897
1 ad., Krichim, Izgoryaloto Gyume Reserve, alt. 450-500 m, 1.7.2004, NTz [13]; 1 ad, KOR, between Smolyan and Ustovo, alt. 800 m, 24.9.2005, GP & S. Avramov [14]. GREECE: 1 subad., KOR, on the road 10 km NW of Xanthi, alt. 400 m, 14.5.1998, HS [15]; 1 subad., 4 km N of Paranesti, alt. 250 m, 14.5.1998, HS [16]. The Large Whip Snake occurs at the lower belts of the Western Rhodopes (Fig. 14). In the majority of cases it was found along roads within broader river valleys. Environmental conditions do not favor the occurrence of this snake and it was only occasionally found in the core of the mountain [e.g. 1, 5]. Presumably it is much more common in the foothill areas as revealed by the available field records. Elaphe sauromates (Pallas, 1814) Published data GREECE: 3,5 km SW of Echinos, prefecture of Xanthi, 23.5.1980 [1] (CHONDROPOULOS, 1989). The only available record comes from the Greek part of the studied region (Fig. 14). In Bulgaria, the species was found close to the Rhodopean foothills (N of Byaga, Distr. Peshtera), unpublished record of V. Beshkov.
Fig. 14. Distribution of Dolichophis caspius, Elaphe sauromates and Zamenis situla.
898
B.P. PETROV, N. TZANKOV, H. STRIJBOSCH, G. POPGEORGIEV, V. BESHKOV
Zamenis longissimus (Laurenti, 1768) Published data BULGARIA: Chepelare, alt. 1100 m [1] (KOWATSCHEFF, 1912); near Assenovgrad [2] (KOVACHEV, 1917); 1 spec., near Ladjene (now Velingrad), 4.6.1932 [3]; 1 spec., Yugovo, 15.6.1928 [4] (BURESCH & ZONKOW, 1934). Original data BULGARIA: 1 juv, Lbody= ca. 30 cm, Dobrostan, Martsiganitsa Hut, 94 m within Topchika Cave, alt. 990 m, 28.5.1968, VB [5]; 1 ad, Hut Akademik (formerly Rodopski Partizanin Hut), alt. 590 m 30.4.1989, P. Petkov [6]; Bachkovo, Ayasmoto above Bachkovski Monastery, alt. 450 m, July 2001, S. Beshkov [7]; 1 ad, Assenovgrad, below Assenova Krepost Castle, alt. 400 m, July 2001, S. Beshkov [2]; 1 ad, KOR, Leska, alt. 675 m, June 2005, S. Beshkov [8]; 1 juv. Lbody= 34 cm, Ltail= 5.5 cm, Oreshets, junction towards Dobrosan, alt. 850 m, 21.5.1998, BP [9]; 1 ad. Lbody= ca. 120 cm, above Perushtitsa, Manastira, alt. 450 m, 31.5.1998, BP [10]; 1 juv., KOR, above Zlatograd on the road to Madan, alt. 900 m, 10.5.2005, BP & NTz [11]; 1 ad, KOR, Lbody= 120 cm, 2 km south of Teshel on the road to Trigrad, alt. 1000 m, 18.9.2005, BP [12]; 1 spec., Draginovo, alt. 800 m, 16.7.1993, NTz [13]; 1 spec., Rakitovo, alt. 800 m, 3.07.1994, NTz [14]; 1 spec., Smolyan, alt. 650 m, 18.07.1997, NTz [15]; 1 spec.
Fig. 15. Distribution of Zamenis longissimus and Malpolon monspessulanus.
Herpetofauna
899
near Vacha Dam barrage, alt. 500 m, 28.4.2001, NTz [16]; 1 ad., Krichim, Izgoryaloto Gyume Reserve, alt. 450-500 m, 1.7.2004, NTz [17]; 4 ad, KOR, between Krichim and Mihalkovo along Vacha Dam, alt. 400-500 m, summer of 1995, A. Stojanov [18]; 1 ad., KOR, Boykovo, àlt. 1120 m, 10.6.2005, GP & O. Todorov [19]. GREECE: 1 subad., on the road 15 km N of Paranesti, alt. 350 m, 15.5.1998, HS [20]. We presume that with regard to the proper environmental conditions, the Aesculapian Snake is far more common in the Western Rhodopes than revealed by the available field records (Fig. 15). Zamenis situla (Linnaeus, 1758) Published data BULGARIA: Stanimaka (now Assenovgrad) [1] (KOWATSCHEFF, 1912). Since its discovery there have been no field records of Leopard Snakes close to Assenovgrad (Fig. 14). The locality is quite isolated and stays far from the recent range of the species in Bulgaria (BESHKOV & NANEV 2002). We consider that the survival of this local population is hardly possible. Natrix natrix (Linnaeus, 1758) Published data BULGARIA: Bachkovski cloister (Bachkovski Manastir), alt. 450 m, 8.8.1905 [1]; 3 spec., near Ladjene (now Velingrad), 6.7.1925 [2] (BURESCH & ZONKOW, 1934). Original data BULGARIA: Hvoyna, alt. 750 m, 17.7.1987, M. Vlašin pers. comm. to VB [3]; Mostovo, alt. 950 m, 14.7.1987, M. Vlašin pers. comm. to VB; idem, 1 f (melanistic), 24.6.1988, VB [4]; Yugovo, alt. 750 m, 13.7.1987, M. Vlašin pers. comm. to VB [5]; 1 ad, Varbina, Varbinski Most Bridge, alt. 600 m, 8.10.1998, VB [6]; 1 ad, 4 km upstream of Varbinski Most Bridge along Arda River, alt. 625 m, 11.10.1998, VB [7]; 1 ad (melanistic), Orfei Hut above Borino, alt. 1100 m, 17.7.1977, VB & D. Jameson [8]; 2 skins, junction towards Stomanevo between Mihalkovo and Devin, 650 m, 2.9.2001, BP & VB [9]; idem., 1 juv. Lbody= 17 cm, in Vacha River, 21.5.2005, GP & D. Plachiyski [9]; 1 ad, Hadzhidimovo, along Mesta River, alt. 475 m, 10.5.1966, VB [10]; 1 ad, between Grohotno and Nastan (Devin), alt. 800 m, 18.5.1966, VB [11]; 1 ad, above Smolyan, Smolyanski Lakes, alt. 1300 m, 16.7.1977, VB & D. Jameson; idem., 1 ad, July 1985, VB [12]; 1 ad “persa”, above Trigrad towards TV tower, alt. 1300 m, June 2005, S. Beshkov [13]; 1 m “persa”, KOR, 2 km from Dospat towards Borino, alt.1350 m, 7.6.1999, BP & B. Barov [14]; 1 ad., Lbody= ca. 60 cm, below Mostovo close to Vodnata Peshtera Cave, alt. 900 m,
900
B.P. PETROV, N. TZANKOV, H. STRIJBOSCH, G. POPGEORGIEV, V. BESHKOV
21.10.2001, BP & VB [15]; idem., 1 ad, alt. 750 m, 2.7.2004, NTz [15]; 1 ad., Lbody= 75 cm, the junction towards Chudnite Mostove on the road to Zabardo, alt. 1100 m, 11.8.2004, BP [16]; 1 ad, KOR, 6 km W of Dospat along the southern bank of the dam, alt. 1230 m, 11.5.2005, BP & NTz [17]; 1 spec., Draginovo, alt. 800 m, 16.7.1993, NTz [18]; 1 spec., near Dorkovo, alt. 850 m, 18.7.1993, NTz [19]; 1 spec., Rakitovo, alt. 800 m, 3.7.1994, NTz [20]; 1 spec., Smolyan, alt. 600 m, 18.7.1997, NTz [21]; 1 spec., near Krichim Dam barrage, alt. 450 m, 28.4.2001, NTz [22]; 1 ad., Krichim, Izgoryaloto Gyume Reserve, alt. 450-500 m, 1.7.2004, NTz [23]; 2 juv., Lbody= 15 and 16 cm, in ponds at Golyamoto Burdo, between Devin and Stomanovo (7 km from Devin), alt. 890 m, 20.5.2005, GP & D. Plachiyski [24]. GREECE: 1 ad., KOR, on the road 15 km N of Paranesti, alt. 350 m, 15.5.1998, HS [25]; 1 subad., on the road along Kompsatos River 8 km N of Iasmos, alt. 290 m, 19.5.2004, HS [26]; 1 ad., KOR, in Kompsatos valley 10 km N of Iasmos, alt. 100 m, 1.7.2005, HS [27]; 1 subad., on the road 12 km W of ‘Base Camp’ of ‘Paranesti Virgin Forest’, alt. 900 m, 23.5.2004, HS [28]. Beside the few specimens published in the literature we have added ca. 27 new points of the Grass Snake (Fig. 16). The lined “persa” morphotype [e.g. 13, 14] is far less common compared to the uniform “natrix” type. However namely a “persa” was found at the highest point (1350 m) of the species distribution in the Western Rhodopes [14].
Fig. 16. Distribution of Natrix natrix.
Herpetofauna
901
Natrix tessellata (Laurenti, 1768) Original data BULGARIA: Hvoyna, alt. 750 m, 17.7.1987, M. Vlašin pers. comm. to VB [1]; Mostovo, alt. 950 m, 14.7.1987, M. Vlašin pers. comm. to VB [2]; Varvara, alt. 450 m, the thermal baths, 21.5.1972, VB [3]; 1 ad, 1 km S of Assenovgrad, in Chaya River, alt. 300 m, 27.7.2001, VB [4]; 1 ad, Lbody= ca. 35 cm, 1.5 km from Yugovski Hancheta towards Yugovo, alt. 500 m, 17.10.2001, BP & VB [5]; 1 juv, 4 km from the junction towards Shiroka Laka on the road Devin-Teshel, alt. 820 m, July 2005, S. Beshkov [6]; 3 spec., 5 km S of Varvara, Valley of Chepinska River, alt. 500 m, 14.5.2000, NTz [7]; 1 spec., near Krichim Dam barrage, alt. 450 m, 28.4.2001, NTz [8]; 1 spec., near Vacha Dam barrage, alt. 520 m, 28.4.2001 NTz; idem., 1 ad., 12.7.2005, GP & O. Todorov [9]; 1 juv., Lbody= 18 cm, in Vacha River, between Devin and Mihalkovo (4,5 km N of Devin), alt. 700 m, 21.5.2005, GP & D. Plachiyski [10]; many specimens between Srednogortsi and mouth of Davidkovska River along Arda River, alt. 700-420 m, 1998-2002, VB and VB & BP [11]. The Dice Snake is a common snake only along the major rivers such as Vucha, Chaya and Arda Rivers (Fig. 17). Single specimens were rarely found in smaller tributaries. The species probably lives in the Greek foothills as well, though no data are available so far.
Fig. 17. Distribution of Natrix tessellata.
902
B.P. PETROV, N. TZANKOV, H. STRIJBOSCH, G. POPGEORGIEV, V. BESHKOV
Coronella austriaca (Laurenti, 1768) Published data B ULGARIA : on the road from Hvoyna to Byala Cherkva, alt. 1200-1400 m [1] (KOWATSCHEFF, 1912); 1 spec., Batashko plain, alt. 1050 m, 12.4.1930 [2]; 2 spec., near Ladjene (now Velingrad), 20.6.1925 [3]; 4 spec., on the road from St. Petka to Ladjene (now Velingrad), May 1925 [4]; 1 spec., on the road from Florovo (now Tsvetino) to Ladjene (now Velingrad), 21.4.1925 [5]; 2 spec., Uluk-Gidik Summit above Dyovlen (now Devin), alt. 1000 m, 25.6.1924 [6]; near Chepelare, alt. 1100 m. 30.7.1931 [7]; Resort Byala Cherkva, alt. 1550 m, 2.8.1931 [8] (BURESCH & ZONKOW, 1934). Original data BULGARIA: Hvoyna, alt. 750 m, 17.7.1987, M. Vlašin pers. comm. to VB [9]; 1 ad, Peshtera, entrance of Snezhanka Cave, alt. 860 m, 25.6.1988, VB [10]; 1 ad, KOR, above Smolyan, Smolyanski Lakes, alt. 1250 m, 16.7.1977, VB & D. Jameson [11]; 1 ad, KOR, on the road below Borovo, alt. 1000 m, 21.7.2001, VB [12]; 1 ad, KOR, on the road at 500 m from Belite Brezi Hut towards Ardino, alt. 875 m, 28.6.1993, VB [13]; 1 f, between Mihalkovo and Lyaskovo, alt. 900 m, Autumn of 2000, K. Djingov [14]; Varvara, the thermal baths, alt. 450 m, 21.5.1972, VB [15]; 1 m, Lbody= 59 cm, Ltail= 11 cm, above Perushtitsa, Yazovira,
Fig. 18. Distribution of Coronella austriaca.
Herpetofauna
903
alt. 400 m, 19.5.1991, BP [16]; 1 f, Lbody= 58 cm, Ltail= 7 cm, below Bryanovshtitsa hut, alt. 1000 m, 29.9.1991, BP [17]; 1 juv. in the Cave Forgovo, Forgovo Dere, Kesten, alt. 1360 m, 11.11.2000, BP [18]; 1 ad. Lbody= 40 cm, KOR, 1 km towards Zabardo from the road N 86, alt. 850 m, 11.8.2004, BP [19]; 1 ad., KOR, 4 km N of Devin, alt. 680 m, 17.9.2005, BP [20]; 1 spec., near Dorkovo, alt. 850 m, 18.7.1993, NTz [21]; 1 spec., near Grashevo, alt. 1100 m, 5.7.1994 NTz [22]; 1 spec., 2 km from Dospat towards Satovcha, alt. 1220 m, 29.4.2001, NTz [23]; 1 spec., 1 km before Smolyan (Ustovo), alt. 650 m, 18.07.1997, NTz [24]; 1 spec., between Teshel and Mugla, alt. 1250 m, 29.4.2001, NTz [25]; 1 spec., Bistritsa River Valley between Satovcha and Pletena, alt. 1100 m, 30.4.2001, NTz [26]; 1 m, Lbody= 43 cm, Ltail= 8 cm, under stone between Koritata and Tsigansko Gradishte (Chengeneto), alt. 1000 m, 4.9.2005, GP & D. Plachyiski [27]; 1 ad., KOR, Alamovtsi, alt. 800 m, 6.9.2005, GP & V. Trifonov [28]; 1 ad, along a dirt road between Orehovo and Hut Persenk, alt. 1550 m, 7.6.2004, A. Westerström [29]. The Smooth Snake is the most common snake in the Western Rhodopes though we did not find it in Greece nor was it published from that region (Fig. 18). It was found up to 1550 m a.s.l. in Bulgaria [29] but we presume that it could occur even higher. Malpolon monspessulanus (Hermann, 1804) Original data GREECE: 1 ad., KOR, on the road just W of Paranesti, alt. 215 m, 11.6.2002, HS [1]; 1 ad., KOR, on the road near Sterna, 8 km E of Paranesti, alt. 110 m, 11.6.2002, HS [2]; 1 ad., KOR, on the road near Gerakas, 11 km NW of Xanthi, alt. 360 m, 11.6.2002, HS [3]; 1 ad., KOR, on the road near Gorgona/Eoia, 7 km NW of Xanthi, alt. 240 m, 11.6.2002, HS [4]; 1 ad., in fields near Amaxades, 15 km E of Xanthi, alt. 45 m, 11.6.2002, HS [5]; 1 ad., KOR, near Koptero, 5 km W of Iasmos, alt. 40 m, 11.6.2002, HS [6]; 1 ad., KOR, on the road 6.5 km N of Paranesti, alt. 200 m, 24.5.2004, HS [7]; 1 ad., KOR, on the road 3 km N of Paranesti, alt. 240 m, 24.5.2004, HS [8]; 1 ad., KOR, on the road 8 km E of Stavroupoli, alt. 120 m, 24.5.2004, HS [9]; 1 ad., KOR, on the road 2 km W of Iasmos, alt. 40 m, 7.6.2004, HS [10]. The Montpellier Snake was found only in the southern (Greek) foothills of the Western Rhodopes up to 360 m a.s.l (Fig. 15). The species in Greece seems to be more common than the Large Whip Snake. Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) Published data BULGARIA: Stanimaka (now Assenovgrad) [1]; Bachkovski cloister (Bachkovski Manastir), alt. 450 m [2] (KOWATSCHEFF, 1912); 1 spec., near Rakitovo, alt. 800 m, 20.6.1926 [3]; 1 spec., Peshtera, alt. 300 m, 21.6.1924 [4] (BURESCH & ZONKOW, 1932); 1 spec., on the junction from Trigrad towards, Shabanitsa Site, alt. 1100 m, 13.5.1966 [5]; 1 spec.,
904
B.P. PETROV, N. TZANKOV, H. STRIJBOSCH, G. POPGEORGIEV, V. BESHKOV
between Shiroka Laka and Bedenski Bani, alt. 1050 m, 14.5.1966 [6] (BESHKOV et al., 1967); Assenovgrad, Momina Salza Hut, alt. 500 m [7] (BESHKOV & DUSHKOV, 1981); Mihalkovo [8] (CHRISTOV & BESHKOV, 2000). GREECE: near Echinos, pref. Xanthi, 23.5.1980 [9] (CHONDROPOULOS, 1989). Original data BULGARIA: Hvoyna, alt. 750 m, 17.7.1987, M. Vlašin pers. comm. to VB [10]; Mostovo, alt. 950 m, 14.7.1987, M. Vlašin pers. comm. to VB [11]; 1 ad, 2 km from the junction to Chairskite Lakes on the road Teshel-Trigrad, alt. 1050 m, 20.6.1966, VB [12]; several spec., Lyaskovo, alt. 1100, 1997-2001, K. Djingov [13]; 1 ad, KOR, Leshtak, along Arda River, alt. 675 m, 10.9.1998, VB [14]; 1 ad, Dyadovtsi, Dyavolskiya Most Bridge, alt. 540 m, August 1999, VB & BP [15]; 1 ad, 2 km downstream of Dyavolskiya Most Bridge along Arda River, alt. 510 m, August 1999, VB & BP [16]; 1 ad, below Bashevo, along Arda River, alt. 425 m, August 1999, VB & BP [17]; 1 ad, 4-5 km before Bezvodno from Zhenda, alt. 500 m, 26.7.2001, VB [18]; 1 ad, KOR, 2.5 km before Oreshets from Gornoslav, alt. 835 m, 20.10.2001, BP & VB [19]; 1 ad, KOR, 4 km before Oreshets from Gornoslav, alt. 750 m, 21.10.2001, BP & VB [20]; 1 juv. Lbody= ca. 20 cm, on the road to Skobelevo above Perushtitsa, Manastira, alt. 450 m, 12:30 h, 31.5.1998, BP [21]; 1 ad. on the road, 16 h, below Osenovo, Site Dormenovi Skali, alt. 800 m, 2.5.1998, G.
Fig. 19. Distribution of Vipera ammodytes and Vipera berus.
Herpetofauna
905
Stoyanov [22]; 1 f, KOR, 1 km S of Nastan (Devin) towards Teshel, alt. 770 m, 18.9.2005, BP [23]; 1 spec, KOR in Trigrad, alt. 1100 m, June 2005, S. Beshkov [24]; 1 ad., near Vacha Dam barrage, alt. 500 m, 28.4.2001, NTz [25]; 3 f, 2 m, junction to Bukovo on the road Bansko-Gotse Delchev, alt. 600 m, 31.4.2001, NTz [26]; 1 ad., Zhenda, Zhenda Reserve, alt. 750 m, 1.7.2004 NTz [27]; 1 m, Lbody= 38 cm, Ltail= 5 cm, along Vucha Dam, close to Chilingira Restaurant, alt. 600 m, 11.7.2005, GP & O. Todorov [28]. The Nose-Horned Viper is a relatively common species in sunny, dry and rocky habitats in the Rhodopes. In such habitats it was found up to 1100 m [5, 23]. There are no data about the local population abundance but the species is much rarely encountered above 800 m. The only record from Greece hardly represents its true occurrence in the studied region (Fig. 19). All specimens found in the mountain belong to V. ammodytes meridionalis. Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758) Published data B ULGARIA : near Bachkovski cloister (Bachkovski Manastir), alt. 450 m [1] (KOWATSCHEFF, 1912); 1 f (melanistic), near Rakitovo, alt. 800 m, 2.9.1930 [2] (The specimen was bred in captivity and gave birth to four juveniles with normal coloration); 1 spec. (melanistic), near Dorkovo, alt. 900 m, 5.9.1928 [3]; 1 spec., near Sarla Summit, near Dyovlen (now Devin), alt. 1900 m, 10.6.1930 [4]; 1 ad., Lbody= 62 cm, Karabunar Summit, near Dyovlen (now Devin), alt. 1600 m, 28.8.1931 [5]; 1 spec., in a forested area above Chepelare, alt. 1400 m, (BURESCH & ZONKOW, 1932) [6]; Singirli”Rhodopegebirge” (REUSS, 1930) [without number on the map]. G REECE : Rodopi (IOANNIDIS & BOUSBOURAS, 1989); 1 f, Elatia area, on the borderline in the spring of the Giomourlou Stream, alt. 1450 m, 10.6.1995 [7] (BOUSBOURAS et. al., 1997); 1 ad., Zagradenia Forest, D. Vassiliades (A. Dimitropoulos det.) (DIMITROPOULOS & IOANNIDIS, 2002) [8]. Original data BULGARIA: Dospat Dam, alt. 1200 m, 10.7.1987, M. Vlašin pers. comm. to VB [9]; 1 f, below Batashki Snezhnik Summit, alt. 2000 m, 14.6.1995, NTz [10]; 1 m, below Golyam Persenk Summit, alt. 1850 m, 8.9.2004, NTz [11]; 1 ad. (melanistic), Lbody= 49 cm, Ltail= 8 cm, between Koritata and Tsigansko Gradishte (5 km from Koritata), alt. 1550 m, 4.9.2005, GP & D. Plachiyski [12]; 2 f (both melanistic), meadows along a dirt road between Orehovo and Persenk Hut, alt. 1450 m, 6-7.6.2004, A. Westerström [13]. Only few Adders were found in the last 60 years in the Western Rhodopes. It is obviously not abundant in all known localities. Some of the old records [e.g. 4, 5 and 6] were mapped with approximation (Fig. 19). Data from the Greek part of the mountain are scarce [7, 8] but some are still unpublished (M. Dimaki, pers. comm.) The locality [1] as
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cited by the author is dubious considering its low altitude. All examined specimens from the studied region belong to V. berus bosniensis. Discussion The Western Rhodopes Mt. holds remarkably high herpetological diversity including 12 species of amphibians and 27 species of reptiles (Table 1). Diversity is high not only on a local scale but on a Balkan level as well. The majorities of the amphibians are common and occur in high densities though some species of frogs and toads were doubtless overlooked during the field studies. The most common species are Salamandra salamandra, Rana temporaria, Rana graeca and Bufo bufo. The newts, Triturus spp. were found in low numbers in few localities in the mountain. The most common reptiles are Podarcis muralis, Lacerta viridis, Anguis fragilis, Natrix natrix and Coronella austriaca. Both terrapins (Emys orbicularis and Mauremys rivulata) are very rare and occur in low numbers along the borders of the mountain. Original and published records of tortoises (Testudo spp.) are much less in number compared to the bulk of old records, which were reported by the local people (V. Beshkov, unpublished) (Fig. 7-8). Occurrence of Typhlops vermicularis and Zamenis situla was not confirmed during the last 100 years. In our view, recovery of the Worm Snake close to Varvara in Bulgaria is possible. However, the survival of the Leopard Snake in the region of Assenovgrad is hard to believe. Ophisops elegans and Elaphe sauromates are the rarest reptiles found in the mountain. Both were found with single individuals only in the southeastern foothills of the region. The Western Rhodopes form the southern-most point within the range of Zootoca vivipara and the western-most point of Ophisops elegans. Darevskia praticola and Natrix tessellata were recorded for the first time in the Western Rhodopes though both were not found in the Greek part so far. Emys orbicularis, Mauremys rivulata, Testudo hermanni, T. graeca, Pseudopus apodus, Anguis fragilis, Lacerta trilineata, Ophisops elegans, Dolichophis caspius, Platyceps najadum, Natrix natrix, Zamenis longissimus and Malpolon monspessulanus are reported for the first time in the Greek Western Rhodopes. The herpetofauna of the Greek Western Rhodopes is far more diverse (32 species) considering that only 8% of the mountain is in Greece. Amongst the basic environmental prerequisites for the high species richness are the thermophilous plant communities T a b l e 1. Species richness of the herpetofauna in the Western Rhodopes. Order/Family
Western Rhodopes (8732 km2 = 100%)
Bulgaria (8061 km2 = 92%)
Greece (671 km2 = 8%)
Salamandridae Anura Emydidae Testudinidae Sauria Ophidia TOTAL
4 8 2 2 12 11 (+2 extinct) 39 (+2 extinct)
4 8 1 2 10 9 (+ 2 extinct) 34 (+2 extinct)
3 8 2 2 9 8 32
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T a b l e 2. Chorotype classification of amphibians and reptiles found in the Western Rhodopes. Chorotype names follow VIGNA TAGLIANTI et al. (1999) with modifications by PETROV (in print). Typhlops vermicularis and Zamenis situla are not considered. Chorotype
Amphibians Reptiles Species
1. Eurosiberian
1
2
2. Turanian–European–Mediterranean
2
1
3. Central Asian–European–Mediterranean 4. Central Asian–European 5. Turanian–Mediterranean
-
1 2 7
6. European–Mediterranean
2
-
7. European
3
2
8. South European
2
4
9. Mediterranean
-
2
10. Eastern Mediterranean
2
6
Total species
12
27
Rana temporaria, Zootoca vivipara, Vipera berus Rana ridibunda, Bufo viridis,Emys orbicularis Natrix natrix Lacerta agilis, Natrix tessellata Testudo graeca, Ophisaurus apodus, Ophisops elegans, Dolichophis caspius, Platyceps najadum, Elaphe sauromates Salamandra salamandra, Hyla arborea Triturus alpestris, Triturus vulgaris, Bufo bufo, Anguis fragilis, Coronella austriaca Bombina variegata, Rana dalmatina, Testudo hermanni, Lacerta viridis, Podarcis muralis, Zamenis longissimus Eryx jaculus, Malpolon monspessulanus Triturus karelinii, Rana graeca, Mauremys rivulata, Lacerta trilineata, Darevskia praticola, Podarcis erhardii, Podarcis taurica, Ablepharus kitaibelii, Vipera ammodytes
in the lower foothills, deciduous and mixed forests on slopes with southern exposure, presence of grassy highlands with subalpine zone, low population density and weak economic development. The high species diversity in Bulgaria (34 species) is favored by great habitat heterogeneity, mosaic distribution of proper microhabitats and widespread, non-intensive cattle breeding and patchy agricultural practices all over the mountain. The richest in species are the foothills covered with shrubs, oaks (Quercus spp.) and eastern hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis) forests up to ca. 600 m, where 10 amphibians (83%) and 24 species (89%) of reptiles were found. Occurrence of only 2 amphibians and 2 species of reptiles was proved above1800 m. A provisional chorotype classification of the species found in the Western Rhodopes is presented in Table 2. The taxa Rana graeca, Vipera berus bosniensis, Lacerta agilis bosnica and Podarcis erhardii are endemics or subendemics to the Balkan peninsula. Their inclusion
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in the listed chorotypes is provisional. The species from the Eurosiberian, European and European-Mediterranean chorotypes are the most common within the alpine, subalpine and highland belts of the mountain from ca. 1200 up to 2191 m a.s.l. The species from the Turanian-Mediterranean, Mediterranean, South-European and EasternMediterranean chorotypes occur basically at lower altitudes but some (e.g. Bombina variegata, Rana graeca, Podarcis muralis) occur in the mountain up to 1600 m a.s.l. and rarely even higher. Conservation issues Several areas are recognized to hold greater species diversity. We can point as herpetologically hot spots two sites: Chaya River Valley between Assenovgrad and Bachkovski Monastery in Bulgaria (7 amphibians, 12 reptiles) and Kompsatos River Valley north of Iasmos (6 amphibians, 10 reptiles). Both areas follow deep mountain valleys, which offer diverse environmental conditions for the occurrence of many amphibians and reptiles. Additionally, the border gully of Mesta River, SmolyanskiLakes, Dospat Dam, Velingrad and Trigrad in Bulgaria and Paranesti Virgin Forest and Elatia in Greece hold representative herpetological diversity within the core of the mountain. Considering the rich diversity of the local flora and fauna, many proposals for the establishment of a larger protected territory (e.g. Nature park), even a transboundary one, were repeatedly deposited in Bulgarian and Greek environmental institutions. None had completely worked out so far, though locally new protected territories (e.g. protected sites) were established in the Western Rhodopes. The greater part of the Greek Paranesti Virgin Forest (550 ha) is strictly protected. There are no protected territories declared for conservation of a given amphibian or reptile species or regional herpetological diversity in general. However, nearly the entire Western Rhodopes were recently proposed as NATURA 2000 site (50 1991 ha) in Bulgaria. Kompsatos Valley (Koilada Komsatou) near Komotini (Prefecture of Rodopi) was declared a Specially Protected Area. The Nestos Defile has also been declared a Specially Protected Area and an Aesthetic Forest. All these sites are included in the NATURA 2000 network, which also includes sites as Oros Chaidou-Koula & Gyro Koryfes, Periochi Elatia and Partheno Dasos Kentrikis Rodopis. As the species with highest conservation value in the Western Rhodopes we can point Triturus alpestris because of its relict occurrence, Ophisops elegans because of its westernmost point within its range and Eryx jaculus because of its scattered occurrence and low population density. We highly encourage establishment of new protected sites and enforcement of proper management plans for these species. Major threats for the herpetofauna of the Western Rhodopes is the loss of microhabitats on a local scale (e.g. drainage, forest fires at lower altitudes, etc.) and degradation of habitats on a larger scale (e.g. deforestation, planting of conifer plantations in the oak/beech belt). The substantial decrease in the traditional cattle breeding practices led to reduction of open areas and many pasture grounds turned to young, secondary forests (cf. BOUSBOURAS et. al., 1997). Another threat is the on-going building of small hydropower stations at the mountain rivers and construction of larger hydropower infrastructure (e.g. Tsankov Kamak Dam at Vacha River). The large dam of Thisavros at
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Nestos River caused extensive damage to riverine habitats and threatens the stability of the Nestos delta. On a local scale, these activities alter the natural river flow but on a larger scale the riverine habitats are replaced with a reservoir ecosystem, which lead to regional climatic changes and replacements of species within plant and animal communities. The road net in the mountain is relatively sparse and only locally it is seasonally heavily used. Thus road mortality of amphibians and reptiles is relatively low and hardly affects the population abundance.
Acknowledgements We thank all our colleagues P. Stoev, B. Barov, A. Westerström, A. Stojanov, S. Avramov, D. Plachiyski, I. Mollov, O. Todorov, K. Stoyanov, V. Trifonov, G. Stoyanov, P. Petkov, S. Beshkov, P. Beron, L. Prekrutov, S. Lazarov, D. Duhalov, K. Djingov, D. Vesselinov, D. Dobrev, M. Vlašin, S. Athanasidis and Ben Hallmann who helped during the field research or provided unpublished herpetological records from the region. The field discoveries of herpetologists from the Belgian HYLA group in May 2005 are also acknowledged. The help of B. Asimakopoulos and M. Dimaki on clarifying the localities of some species, providing useful comments and some literature sources from Northern Greece, is greatly appreciated. I. Alexiev kindly provided a base map of the studied region.
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Authors’ addresses: Boyan PETROV, Nikolay TZANKOV National Museum of Natural History Tsar Osvoboditel blvd. 1 e-mails:
[email protected],
[email protected] Henk STRIJBOSCH Heilige Stoel 52-50 NL-6601 VH Wijchen, The Netherlands e-mail:
[email protected] Georgi POPGEORGIEV Agricultural University of Plovdiv Mendeleev blvd. 12 Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria e-mail:
[email protected] Vladimir BESHKOV 13 Mart Str. 17 Sofia, Bulgaria
Херпетофауна (Amphibia и Reptilia ) на Западните Родопи (България и Гърция) Боян П. ПЕТРОВ, Николай ЦАНКОВ, Хенк СТРИИБОШ, Георги ПОПГЕОРГИЕВ, Владимир БЕШКОВ (Р е з ю м е) Западните Родопи (8732 km2) са голяма трансгранична планина между България и Гърция. В поголямата си част планината е покрита с иглолистни и смесени гори, а максималната височина достига до 2191 m. Статията обобщава всички публикувани херпетологични данни за България и Гърция и съобщава много нови находища и видове. Установено е изключително високо видово разнообразие: 12 вида земноводни (4 вида опашати и 8 вида безопашати) и 27 вида влечуги (2 вида сухоземни, 2 вида водни костенурки, 12 вида гущери, 11 вида змии). 34 вида са установени в Българската част на планината, 32 в Гърция. Typhlops vermicularis и Zamenis situla се считат за изчезнали в пределите на изследвания район. Най-често срещаните земноводни са Salamandra salamandra, Rana temporaria, Rana graeca и Bufo bufo. Най-широко разпространените влечуги са Podarcis muralis, Lacerta viridis, Anguis fragilis, Natrix natrix и Coronella austriaca. Направен е кратък зоогеографски анализ и са приложени карти за разпространението на повечето видове. Разгледани са природозащитни проблеми и заплахи имащи отношение към херпетофауната.
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Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Birds of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece)
TSENO PETROV, DIMITAR DEMERDZHIEV, GEORGI POPGEORGIEV, LYUBOMIR PROFIROV, KALIN VELEV, KAMELIA DIMITROVA, DIMITAR PLACHIYSKI
Petrov T., D. Demerdzhiev, G. Popgeorgiev, L. Profirov, K. Velev, K. Dimitrova, D. Plachiyski. 2006. Birds of the Western Rhodopes. - In: Beron P., (ed.) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 913-948. Abstract. The article represents the result of a study of 247 bird species occurring in the Western Rhodopes (Bulgarian and Greek parts – a total of approximately 10 000 km2).Two hundred and fourteen (86.6%) bird species are established in both parts of the mountain, 22 species (8.9%) are found only in the Bulgarian part and 11 species (4.5%) only in the Greek part. The breeding species (residents and summer visitors) are 162 (65.6%). Migrant species are 23.2% out of the total number of species: 5.2%-winter visitors, 4.4%-vagrants and 1.6% (4 species) are extinct. Data on species number and distribution in the Western Rhodopes is included. Seven of the established species are listed in the Global IUCN Red List, 18 - in the European IUCN Red List, 74 are declining, 7 are rare. Information on six sites recognized as Important Bird Areas and potential Natura 2000 sites is given. Key words: Aves, Birds, Western Rhodopes, Bulgaria, Greece, distribution, conservation.
Introduction The birds of the Western Rhodopes have not been subject to complete study. The region is extremely interesting regarding the bird fauna and considering the fact it is the northernmost or the southernmost part of the area of some species (Lanner, Capercaillie, etc.) in Europe. In addition to this, the Western Rhodopes extend on the territory of both Bulgaria and Greece and the geographical boundaries of both countries have been strictly guarded for many years hence the ornithologists’ presence in the area was restricted. It imposes the necessity of prompt actions for the study and conservation of the avifauna in the region as well as designation of integrated protected territories on both sides of the boundaries. The aim of the current paper is to make an inventory of the birds in the Western Rhodopes, including: complete bibliography, reviewed data on separate species,
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zoogeographical characteristic, abundance (population size), frequency (the area occupied)¹, extinction threat, Important Bird Areas (IBA) description etc. Materials and methods The data about the birds in Bulgarian part of the Western Rhodopes cover several periods. The first period includes studies made by mid XX century (HRISTOVICH, 1890, 1892; REISER, 1894; JORDANS, 1940; PATEV, 1950 and others), the second period - by mid 90s of the same century when mainly the following were researched: Chernatitsa Ridge (DARAKCHIEV, 1969a, 1969b; 1970; 1971; 1973; 1981; DARAKCHIEV, NANKINOV, 1973; NANKINOV, 1987); Dobrostan Ridge (PETROV, 1988a, 1988b; 1989; 1990), (PETROV, MICHEV, 1989), Beglika (=Vasil Kolarov) Reserve in Batashka Mountain (DONCHEV, 1982), Kastrakli Reserve and Trigradsko-Yagodinski region (NANKINOV, 1982). At that time incomplete data on separate species was summarized by SIMEONOV et al. (1990) and NANKINOV et al. (1997). The third period covers the last ten years, when observations have been done to outline the boundaries of one or a few Nature Parks in the Western Rhodopes (PETROV, 2002), of a few IBA-s, the releasing of Bulgarian Breeding Birds Atlas and the new edition of Red Data Book of Bulgaria etc. The source of information about the avifauna of the Greek part of the Western Rhodopes is the monograph “The Birds of Greece” (HANDRINOS & AKRIOTIS, 1997). The zoogeographic classification of VOOUS (1960) is used to reveal species relations. The abundance (population size) and frequency (the area occupied) assessments are based on information drawn from maps of the ready-for printing Atlas of Bulgarian
Fig. 1. Map of the studied region and outline of the potential IBA: 1. Mesta; 2. Beglika – Western Rhodopes; 3. Besaparski Ridge; 4. Dobrostan – Prespa; 5. Trigrad – Mursalitsa; 6. Persenk. 1
The area occupied by certain bird species is the sum of the areas of occupied UTM squares with 10 km grid (IUCN Red List, 2001)
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breeding birds (BSPB, in print), and the author’s personal data collected. The unpublished information is preserved in the National Bird Data Bank with the Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds (BSPB). To assess the threat status of extinction for every species of the Western Rhodopes (from Bulgaria respectively) the methodology proposed by PETROV, MICHEV (1986) is used after some modifications done by applying IUCN Red List categories (2001), (Table 1 and 2). In the current paper an overview is made of the breeding species listed in the Global and European (SPEC 1 and 2) IUCN Red List (2004), Red Data Book of Bulgaria (1985), RDB of Greece (1992) and of those species which to a certain extent are threatened by extinction or are already extinct in the territory of the Western Rhodopes, as well as of the vagrant species. T a b l e 1. Frequency status of bird species in certain area Frequency status I-very low II-low III-average IV-high V-very high
Occupied area in Western Rhodopes (entire UTM squares)2
Occupied area in Bulgaria (entire UTM squares)
1-15 16-35 36-65 66-85 86-100
1-164 165-380 381-708 709-926 927-1090
T a b l e 2. Abundance status of bird species in certain area Abundance status
I-very low II-low III-average IV-high V-very high
Species population size in Western Rhodopes (adult individuals)
Species population size in Bulgaria (adult individuals)
1-4 5-23 24-230 231-920 above 920
1-50 51-250 251-2 500 2501-10 000 above 10 000
Status of threat
Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable Near Threatened Least Concern
Result and discussion List of species and seasonal status A total of 247 bird species related to 16 orders have been found on the territory of the Western Rhodopes (Table 3 and 4). This is approximately 62% of the species composition of the Bulgarian bird fauna and approximately 64% of the bird fauna in 2
The territory of the Western Rhodopes includes approximately 80 entire squares of UTM map with a 10 km grid in the Bulgarian part and 20 in the Greek part.
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Greece. The number of species that occur in both Bulgarian and Greek parts of the Western Rhodopes is 214 (86.6 %); the number of species established on Bulgarian territory is only 22 (8.9%): Little Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis), Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps cristatus), Blacked-necked Grebe (Podiceps nigricollis), Little Bittern (Ixobrychus minutus), Great Egret (Egreta alba), Pochard (Aythia ferina), Scaup (Aythia marila), Spootted Eagle (Aquila clanga), Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis), Bonelli’s Eagle (Hieraaetus fasciatus), Chukar (Alectoris chukar), Ural Owl (Strix uralensis), Calandra Lark (Melanocorypha calandra), Richard’s Pipit (Anthus richardi), Rock Nuthatch (Sitta neumayer), Masked Shrike (Lanius nubicus), Alpine Chough (Pyrrhocorax graculus), Twite (Carduelis flavirostris), Redpoll (Carduelis flammea), Desert Finch (Rhodopechus obsoleta), Common Rosefinch (Carpodacus erythrinus), Rustic Bunting (Emberiza rustica). The species found in the Greek part only are 11 (4.5 %): Lammergeier (Gypaetus barbatus), Temminck’s Stint (Calidris temminckii), Dunlin (Calidris alpina), Spotted Redshank (Tringa erythropus), Redshank (Tringa totanus), Greensank (Tringa nebularia), Wood Sandpiper (Tringa glareola), Whiskered Tern (Chlidonias hybridus), Black Tern (Chidonias niger), White-winged Tern (Chlidonias leucopterus), Redbreasted Flycatcher (Ficedula parva).
No Species
Status
Abundance
Frequency
Threat ened
LAW
RDB BG, GR
SPEC, Status
GL. IUCN
EU IUCN
ZOO
T a b l e 3. Species list and status of the bird fauna in the Western Rhodopes The species occurring in the Bulgarian part of the mountain are marked by the sign *, these in the Greek part by the sign **.
1
2
3
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5
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7
8
9
11
10
12
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
Tachybaptus ruficollis* Podiceps cristatus* Podiceps nigricollis* Phalacrocorax carbo*,** Ixobrychus minutus* Egretta garzetta *,** Egretta alba* Ardea cinerea*,** Ardea purpurea *, ** Ciconia nigra *, ** Ciconia ciconia *, ** Cygnus olor *, ** Anser albifrons *, ** Anas crecca *, ** Anas platyrhynchos *, ** Anas acuta *, ** Anas querquedula *,** Anas clypeata *, **
M M M M Ì M Wm Mws M Sm Sm Wm Wm Wm Rmw M M M
3 3 3 -
III II II -
VU VU VU -
+ + + + + + + + + + + + -
-, -, Thr, Thr, -, -, Thr, E2 -, Thr, V Thr, E2 -, Thr, -, -, -, -, -, K -, -
-, S -, S -, S -, S 3, (D) -, S -, S -, S 3, (D) 2, R 2, D -, S -, S -, (S) -, (S) 3, (D) 3, (D) 3, (D)
-
-
OW OW OW OW OW OW K PA IA PA PA PA A HA HA PA PA HA
Birds 1
2
19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
Aythya ferina * Aythya nyroca *, ** Aythya fuligula *, ** Aythya marila * Pernis apivorus *, ** Milvus migrans *, ** Gypaetus barbatus ** Neophron percnopterus *, ** Gyps fulvus *, ** Aegypius monachus *, ** Circaetus gallicus *, ** Circus aeruginosus *, ** Circus cyaneus *, ** Circus pygargus *, ** Accipiter gentilis *, ** Accipiter nisus *, ** Accipiter brevipes *, ** Buteo buteo *,** Buteo rufinus *, ** Buteo lagopus *, ** Aquila pomarina *, ** Aquila clanga * Aquila nipalensis * Aquila heliaca *, ** Aquila chrysaetos *, ** Hieraaetus pennatus *, ** Hieraaetus fasciatus * Pandion haliaetus *,** Falco naumanni *, ** Falco tinnunculus *, ** Falco vespertinus *, ** Falco columbarius *, ** Falco subbuteo *, ** Falco eleonorae *, ** Falco cherrug *, ** Falco peregrinus *, ** Bonasa bonasia *, ** Tetrao tetrix *, ** Tetrao urogallus *, ** Alectoris chukar * Alectoris graeca *, ** Perdix perdix *, ** Coturnix coturnix *, ** Phasianus colchicus *, ** Rallus aquaticus *, ** Porzana porzana *, ** Crex crex *, **
3
4
5
6
M M M M Sm 3 II VU Sm ? 1 I CR E S 2 I EN V V S 2 II EN M Mw M R 3 IV VU Rmw 3 IV VU Sm 2 I EN Rwm 4 V NT Rm 3 II VU W Sm 2 I EN M V V R 3 II VU S 2 I EN S? 1 I CR M S 1 I CR Rmw 4 IV NT M W Sm 3 III VU V V RW 2 - 3 I - II EN-VU R 5 III LC E, U R 5 II LC R 4 I NT R 4 - 5 II LC R 5 I LC Sm 5 II LC R 3 I VU M M Sm, M 3 I VU
917
7
8
9
11
10
12
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Thr, Thr, -, -, Thr, Thr, E1 Ext, E1 Thr,V Thr, V Ext, E1 Thr, Thr, R, R, E1 Thr, Thr, Thr, -, Thr, R -, Thr, V R,E2 R, Thr, E1 R, V Thr, V R, V Thr, Thr, V -, R, -, Thr, -, Thr, I Thr, K Thr, I Ext, Thr, R -, -, -, V -, K Thr, V -, -, Ex Thr, -
2, (D) 1, (V) 3, (D) 3 W, E -, (S) 3, (V) 3, (V) 3, E -, S 1, R 3, (R) -, S 3, D -, S -, S -, S 2, (V) -, S 3, (V) -, (S) 2, (D) 1, E 3, (E) 1, R 3, R 3, (R) 3, E 3, R 1, D 3, D 3,(v) -, (S) -, (S) 2, D 1, E -, S -, S 3, D -, (S) 3, (V) 2, (D) 3, V 3, (D) -, (S) -, (S) -, (S) 1, D
NT NT VU VU VU EN NT
VU EN VU VU EN VU VU EN EN EN VU EN VU VU -
PA TM PA HA E OW PM IA PA MTb IA PA HA ET HA PA IA HA PX A PA PA IA PA HA TM IA K TM OW PA HA PA M MTb K S PA PA TM M ET OW UK PA E? E?
918 1
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ET AL.
3
4
5
6
7
66. Gallinula chloropus *, ** R 3 - 4 I NT + 67. Fulica atra *, ** R, Wmr 3 I VU 68. Grus grus *, ** Em + 69. Burhinus oedicnemus *, ** Sm 2 I EN + 70. Charadrius dubius *, ** Sm 3 I - II VU + 71. Vanellus vanellus *, ** Sw, Rw 3 I VU + 72. Calidris alba *, ** M + 73. Calidris minuta *, ** M + 74. Calidris temminckii ** Ì + 75. Calidris alpina ** M + 76. Philomachus pugnax *, ** M + 77. Gallinago gallinago *, ** Mw + 78. Scolopax rusticola *, ** Swm, Rw 2 I EN 79. Tringa erythropus ** M + 80. Tringa totanus ** M + 81. Tringa nebularia ** M + 82. Tringa ochropus *, ** Wm + 83. Tringa glareola ** M + 84. Actitis hypoleucos *,** Sm 1 -2 I CR - EN + 85. Larus ridibundus *, ** Wv + 86. Larus cachinans *, ** M 87. Sterna nilotica *, ** M + M + 88. Sterna caspia *, ** 89. Chlidonias hybridus ** M + 90. Chlidonias niger ** M + 91. Chlidonias leucopterus ** M + 92. Columba livia *,** R 4 II NT + 93. Columba oenas *,** Rw 3 I VU + 94. Columba palumbus *,** R 5 IV LC 95. Streptopelia decaocto *, ** R 5 III LC 96. Streptopelia turtur *, ** Sm 5 III LC 97. Clamator glandarius *, ** Sm 1 I CR + 98. Cuculus canorus *, ** Sm 5 V LC + 99. Tyto alba *, ** Rmw 3 - 4 II VU - NT + 100 Otus scops *, ** Sm 4 III NT + 101.Bubo bubo *, ** R 3 II VU + 102.Glaucidium passerinum *,** ? R 1 I CR + 103.Athene noctua *, ** R 4 IV NT + 104.Strix aluco *, ** R 5 V LC + 105.Strix uralensis * V + 106.Asio otus *, ** Rw 4 III NT + 107.Aegolius funereus *, ** R 2 I EN + 108.Caprimulgus europaeus *, ** S 5 V LC + 109.Apus apus *, ** Sm 5 III LC + S 5 III LC + 110.Apus pallidus *, ** 111.Apus melba *, ** Sm 5 III LC + 112.Alcedo atthis *, ** R 3 II VU +
8
9
11
10
12
-, -, Ext, Ex Thr, V -, -, -, -, -, -, -, Ext, R, -, Thr, Thr, Thr, -, -, R, -, Thr, E1 R, Thr, V Thr, V -, -, Thr, -, -, -, -, R -, R, -, Thr, Ext, -, -, R, -, R, R -, -, -, -, -, -
-, S -, (S) 2, (D) 3, V -, (S) 2, V -, (S) -, (S) -, (S) 3, (D) 2, (D) 3, (D) 3, (D) 3, (D) 2, D -, S -, S 3, D 3, D -, (S) -, S 3, (V) 3, R 3, D 3, D -, S -, (S) -, S -, S -, S 3, D -, S -, S 3, D 2, (D) 3, (D) -, S 3, (D) -, S -, (S) -, (S) -, (S) 2, (D) -, (S) -, (S) -, (S) 3, D
-
VU VU VU -
K PA ? PA TM PA PA A À A A PA HA PA S PA S PA PA HA PA NA K K OW HA PA TM ET ET IA ET ET PA K OW PA SK TM PA S HA SK PA PA M IA OW
Birds 1
2
113.Merops apiaster *, ** 114.Coracias garrulus *, ** 115.Upupa epops *, ** 116.Jynx torquilla *,** 117.Picus canus *, ** 118.Picus viridis *, ** 119.Dryocopus martius *, ** 120.Dendrocopos major *, ** 121.Dendrocopos syriacus *, ** 122.Dendrocopos medius *, ** 123.Dendrocopos leucotos *, ** 124.Dendrocopos minor *, ** 125.Picoides tridactylus *, ** 126.Melanocorypha calandra * 127.Calan. brachydactyla *, ** 128.Galerida cristata *, ** 129.Lullula arborea *,** 130.Alauda arvensis *, ** 131.Eremophila alpestris *, ** 132.Riparia riparia *, ** 133.Ptyonoprogne rupestris *, ** 134.Hirundo rustica *,** 135.Hirundo daurica *, ** 136.Delichon urbica *, ** 137.Anthus novaeseelandiae * 138.Anthus campestris *, ** 139.Anthus trivialis *, ** 140.Anthus pratensis *, ** 141.Anthus cervinus *, ** 142.Anthus spinoletta *, ** 143.Motacilla flava *, ** 144.Motacilla cinerea *, ** 145.Motacilla alba *, ** 146.Cinclus cinclus *, ** 147.Troglodytes troglodytes *, ** 148.Prunella modularis *, ** 149.Prunella collaris *, ** 150.Erithacus rubecula *, ** 151.Luscinia luscinia *, ** 152.Luscinia megarhynchos *, ** 153.Phoenicurus ochruros *, ** 154.Phoenicurus phoenicurus *, ** 155.Saxicola rubetra *, ** 156.Saxicola torquata *, ** 157.Oenanthe isabellina *, ** 158.Oenanthe oenanthe *, ** 159.Oenanthe hispanica *, **
3
4
Sm 5 Sm ? 1 Sm 4 Sm 3 R 3 R 5 R 4 R 5 R 5 R 5 R 3-4 R 3 R 3 S 3 Sm 3 R 5 S, R 5 R 5 R 3 M Sm 5 Sm 5 S 5 Sm 5 M S 3 Sm 4 Mw Mw Rw 5 Sm 5 Rw 5 Rmw 5 R 5 R 5 Rw 5 R 3 Rw 5 M S 5 Rsw 5 S 3 Sm 5 S, R 4 S 4 Sm 5 S 4
5
6
II LC I CR III NT II VU II VU IV LC IV NT IV LC III LC III LC II VU - NT II VU I VU I VU I VU III LC V LC II LC I VU IV LC V LC V LC V LC I VU IV NT II LC II LC V LC V LC IV LC V LC III LC I VU V LC V LC IV LC I VU II LC II NT I NT IV LC I NT
919
7
8
9
11
10
12
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
-, -, V -, -, -, R -, R, -, -, -, R, R -, Thr, R -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, R -, -, -
3, (D) 2, V 3, (D) 3, (D) 3, (D) 2, (D) -, S -, S -, (S) -, S -, S -, S 3, (D) 3, (D) 3, D 3, (D) 2. D 3, (D) -, (S) 3, (D) -, S 3, D -, (S) 3, (D) 3, (D) -, S -, (S) -, (S) -, (S) -, (S) -, S -, S -, S -, S -, S -, (S) -, S -, S -, (S) -, S 2, (D) -, (S) -, (S) -, (S) 3, (D) 2, (D)
-
VU -
TM ET OW PA PA E PA PA M E PA PA SK M TM PA E PA HA HA PXM HA IA PA HA PA ET Å À PA PA PA PA PM HA E PM E E? E PXM E E PA TM PA M
920 1
TS. PETROV 2
ET AL.
3
160.Monticola saxatilis *, ** Sm 161.Monticola solitarius *, ** S, R 162.Turdus torquatus *, ** R 163.Turdus merula *, ** R 164.Turdus pilaris *,** W 165.Turdus philomelos *, ** S, Rw 166.Turdus iliacus *, ** W 167.Turdus viscivorus *, ** R 168.Acrocephalus schoenobaenus *, ** M 169.Acrocephalus palustris *, ** M 170. Acrocephalus scirpaceus *, ** M 171.Acroceph. arundinaceus *, ** M 172.Hippolais pallida *, ** Sm 173.Hippolais olivetorum *, ** M 174.Hippolais icterina *, ** M 175.Sylvia cantillans *, ** S 176.Sylvia melanocephalla *, ** S, R 177.Sylvia hortensis *, ** S 178. Sylvia nisoria *, ** S 179. Sylvia curruca *, ** Sm Sm 180.Sylvia communis *, ** 181.Sylvia borin *, ** M 182.Sylvia atricapilla *, ** Sm, R 183.Phylloscopus bonelli *, ** Sm 184.Phylloscopus sibilatrix *, ** Sm 185.Phylloscopus collybita *, ** Smw 186.Phylloscopus trochilus *, ** M 187. Regulus regulus *, ** Rw 188.Regulus ignicapillus *, ** R 189.Muscicapa striata *, ** Sm 190.Ficedula parva ** S 191.Ficedula semitorquata ** Sm 192.Ficedula albicollis *, ** M 193.Ficedula hypoleuca *, ** M 194.Aegithalos caudatus *, ** R 195.Parus palustris *, ** R 196.Parus lugubris *, ** R 197. Parus montanus *, ** R 198.Parus cristatus *, ** R 199.Parus ater *, ** R 200.Parus caeruleus *, ** R R 201.Parus major *, ** 202.Sitta europaea *, ** R 203.Sitta neumayer * R 204.Tichodroma muraria *, ** R 205.Certhia familiaris *, ** R 206.Certhia brachydactyla *, ** R
4
5
6
7
8
9
11
10
12
4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 1 3 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 2 3 5 4
II II II V V IV II II I I I III II V I I V III III III I I II V II IV III IV III V V I II III II
NT NT LC LC LC LC LC LC LC NT VU LC LC LC NT NT LC LC LC LC CR VU LC LC NT LC NT LC LC LC LC EN VU LC NT
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
-, -, -, R -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, R -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, R -, -, -
3, D 3, (D) -, S -, S -, (S) -, S -, (S) -, S -, S -, (S) -, S -, (S) 3, (D) -, (S) -, (S) -, (S) -, (S) 3, (D) -, (S) -, S -, S -, (S) -, S 2, (D) 2, (D) -, S -, S -, S -, (S) 3, D -, (S) 2, D -, S -, S -, S 3, D -, (S) -, S 2, (D) -, (S) -, S -, S -, S -, (S) -, (S) -, S -, (S)
-
-
PXM PXM PM PA S Å S ET ET E ET ET M M E M TM M ET ET ET E E E E PA PA PA HA ET PA E E Å PA PA M PA E PA E PA PA M PM HA E
Birds 1
2
207.Oriolus oriolus *, ** 208.Lanius collurio *, ** 209.Lanius minor *, ** 210.Lanius excubitor *, ** 211.Lanius senator *, ** 212.Lanius nubicus * 213.Garrulus glandarius *, ** 214.Pica pica *, ** 215.Nucifraga caryocatactes *, ** 216.Pyrrhocorax graculus * 217.Corvus monedula *, ** 218.Corvus frugilegus *, ** 219.Corvus cornix *, ** 220.Corvus corax *, ** 221.Sturnus vulgaris *, ** 222.Sturnus roseus *, ** 223.Passer domesticus *, ** 224.Passer hispaniolensis *, ** 225.Passer montanus *, ** 226.Fringilla coelebs *, ** 227.Fringilla montifringilla *, ** 228.Serinus serinus *, ** 229.Carduelis chloris *, ** 230.Carduelis carduelis *, ** 231.Carduelis spinus *, ** 232.Carduelis cannabina *, ** 233.Carduelis flavirostris * 234.Carduelis flammea * 235.Loxia curvirostra *, ** 236.Rhodopechys obsoleta * 237.Carpodacus erythrinus * 238.Pyrrhula pyrrhula *, ** 239.Coc. coccothraustes *, ** 240.Emberiza citrinella *, ** 241.Emberiza cirlus *, ** 242.Emberiza cia *, ** 243.Emberiza hortulana *, ** 244.Emberiza rustica * 245.Emberiza schoeniclus *, ** 246.Emb. melanocephala *, ** 247.Miliaria calandra *, **
921
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
11
10
12
Sm Sm Sm W S S R R R E R W R R Rmw V, M R S R R W R R Rw Rw R M Mw R V V Rw Rw Rw R R S V Wm S S, R
4 5 3 4 1 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
II V I II I V III III II V V III IV II V V IV V V II III III III III IV III III II II III
NT LC VU NT CR LC LC NT LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
-, -, -, K -, -, -, R -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, R, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -
-, S 3, (D) 2, (D) 3, (D) 2, (D) 2, (D) -, S -, S -, S -, (S) -, (S) -, (S) -, S -, S 3, D -, S 3, D -, (S) 3, (D) -, S -, S -, S -, S -, S -, S 2, D -, S -, (S) -, S -, (S) -, (S) -, S -, S -, (S) -, S 3, (D) 2, (D) -, S -, S 2, (D) 2, (D)
-
-
OW PA ET HA M M PA PA PA PM PA PA PA HA ET T PA TM PA E S M ET ET PA ET TB HA HA UK S PA PA PA M PA ET S PA TM ET
Legend: Status (Seasonal-Main); (S-Summer visitor; R-resident; M-migrant; W-wintering; V-vagrant; E-extinct from the area); Secondary; (s-summer visitor; r-resident; m-migrant; w-wintering; v-vagrant); Abundance-(abundance stage from 1 to 5 according to the method accepted); Frequency-(frequency stage from I to V according the method accepted);
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Threatened- (category of threat of extinction in the Western Rhodopes: CR - Critically Endangered; En - Endangered; VU - vulnerable; NT - Near Threatened; LC - Least Concern); LAW - Species protected by the Biodiversity act (2002), Bulgaria; RDB BG, GR- species included in the RED DATA BOOK OF BULGARIA (1985) with the following categories (R - rare; Thr - threatened; Ext - extinct ), THE RED DATA BOOK OF THREATENED VERTEBRATES OF GREECE (1992)- (E1 - Endangered-1, threat of extinction; E2 - Endangered 2 , threatened; V - Vulnerable; R - Rare; I - Indeterminate; E - Extinct; K - Insufficiently known); SPEC - SPECIES OF EUROPEAN CONSERVATION CONCERN (1 - European species of Global conservation concern; 2 - Species whose global populations are concentrated in Europe and which have unfavorable conservation status in Europe; 3 - Species whose global populations are not concentrated in Europe but which have unfavorable conservation status in Europe); Status - European threat conservation status (E - Endangered; V - Vulnerable; R - Rare; D - Declining; S - Secure; () - the status is contemporary); GL. IUCN - Global IUCN Red List Category; EU IUCN - European IUCN Red List Category; ZOO - Zoogeographical characterization: PA - Palearctic; E - European; HA - Holarctic; ET - European– turkestany; M - Mediterranean; OW - Old world; TM - Turkestany-mediterranean; IA - IndoAfrican; S - Siberian; K - cosmopolitan; A -arctic; PM - Paleo-montane; PXM - Paleo-xeromontane; UK - unknown; SK -Siberian-Canadian; MTB - Mongolian-Tibetian; PX - Paleoxerian; NA Nearctic’s; T-Turkistan; TB - Tibetian.
T a b l e 4. Species representation by orders Orders Total Podicipediformes Pelecaniformes Ciconiiformes Anseriformes Falconiformes Galliformes Gruiformes Charadriiformes Columbiformes Cuculiformes Strigiformes Caprimulgiformes Apodiformes Coraciiformes Piciformes Passeriformes
Number of species
%
247 3 1 7 11 32 8 6 23 5 2 9 1 3 4 10 122
100.0 1.2 0.4 2.9 4.5 13.0 3.2 2.4 9.3 2.0 0.8 3.7 0.4 1.2 1.6 4.0 49.4
According to the season, period and form of stay the bird species fall into six groups: Resident Summer visitor Winter visitor
93 species (37. 2%) 71species (28. 4%) 13 species (5. 2%)
Birds Migrant Vagrant Extinct
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58 species (23. 2 %) 11 species (4. 4%) 4 species (1. 6%)
A considerable part of the resident bird species carry out vertical migration; other groups move horizontally to closer or farther distances. The total number of breeding species (resident and summer visitor) in the Western Rhodopes is 162 species (65.6%)3. The extinct species of the researched region are: Gypaetus barbatus, Tetrao tetrix, Grus grus and Pyrrhocorax graculus. Under the category of vagrant species the following are included: Gyps fulvus, Aegypius monachus, Aquila nipalensis, Aquila heliaca, Falco eleonorae, Falco cherrug, Strix uralensis, Sturnus roseus, Rhodopechys obsoleta, Carpodacus erythrinus and Emberiza rustica
Frequency, abundance and extinction threats The frequency of certain breeding species directly depends on the occupied area hence its distribution. Relating to the accepted methodology 43 species (26.5%) are of very local distribution; local - 40 species (24. 7%); widespread - 32 species (19.7%); fairly widespread - 19 species (11.7%), very widespread - 28 species (17. 3%). The category “threatened with extinction” in the territory of the Western Rhodopes is defined by the species abundance. Critically endangered (CR) are 9 species (5.5%): M. migrans, H. fasciatus, F. naumanni, A. hypoleucos, C. glandarius, G. passerinum, C. garrulus, F. parva and L.nubicus. Endangered (EN) are 10 species (6.2%): N. percnopterus, C. gallicus, A. brevipes, A. pomarina, H. pennatus, F. peregrinus, B. oedicnemus, S. rusticola, A. funereus and S. neumayer. Under “Vulnerable” (VU) category 34 species (20.9%) are assigned, under “Near Threatened” (NT) - 25 species (15.4 %), and under “Least Concern” (LC) - 84 species (51.9%). Nature Conservation status Only 31 species (13.1 %) out of total 236 species occurring in the Bulgarian part of the Western Rhodopes are not protected by the BIODIVERSITY ACT (2002). These are mainly hunting birds or birds of high number (G. glandarius, S. vulgaris, P. domesticus, etc.), as well as the vagrant species, which are extremely rare for the country (A. richardi, R. obsoleta, C. erythrinus). The Red Data Book of Bulgaria includes 100 species; 62 species out of them are found in the researched region; 6 of them are extinct as breeding (Ext.), 16 species are rare (R), and 40 are threatened (Thr). The RED DATA BOOK OF GREECE (1992) includes 99 species; 43 species out of them are found in the Western Rhodopes. They are assigned to the following categories: Endangered (E1, under immediate threat of extinction) – 6 species, 3
The sum of species in the Bulgarian or Greek part of the Western Rhodopes according to their seasonal status is higher than the species number in the area, as some of them fall into more than one different status category.
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Endangered 2 (E2 threatened) – 3 species, Vulnerable (V) – 14 species, Rare (R) – 12 species, Indeterminate (I) – 2 species, Extinct (Ext) – 2 species and Insufficiently known (K) – 4 species. According to BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL CATEGORIZATION (2004; IUCN 2004) a total of 102 species fall into one of these categories of Species of Particular European Conservation Concern: SPEC 1 – 7 species; SPEC 2- 29 species, SPEC 3 - 66 species and Non-SPEC - 145 species. Out of the species which occur in the researched area 18 are included in the IUCN Red List. Six of them are endangered (EN) and 12 are vulnerable (VU). Less threatened are 83 species: (declining (D) – 75 species and rare (R) – 8 species), another 146 species are secure (S). The species from the Global IUCN Red List are 7: endangered (EN) – 1 species, Vulnerable (VU) – 3 species and near threatened (NT) – 3 species. Out of 247 species found in the Western Rhodopes 176 species are listed in Annex II of the Bern Convention as strictly protected. In Annex I of the European Bird Directive relating to species under special concern regarding their habitats 56 species are listed. Two of the species (Imperial Eagle, Aquila heliaca and Peregrine, Falco peregrinus) are listed in Annex I of the Convention on International Trading with Endangered Species (CITES). On the territory of the Western Rhodopes 3 relict species are found (Tengmalm’s Owl, Aegolius funereus, Pygmy Owl, Glaucidium passerinum and Ural Owl, Strix uralensis) and two relict subspecies (White-backed Woodpecker Dendrocopos leucotos lilfordi and Three-toed Woodpecker, Picoides trydactylus alpinus).
Zoogeographic characteristic According to the zoogeographical subdivision of Bulgaria, the Western Rhodopes are assigned to the Central Highland Region. It includes also Pirin, Slavyanka, Rila and Vitosha (DRENSKI, 1946). Table 5 represents the zoogeographic characteristic of the established species. One third of them are Palearctic (31.3 %) European (10.9%), Holarctic (9.8%) and EuropeanTurkestany species (9.4%) are dominating. Considering the zoogeographic affinities of non breeding bird species only (Table 5), it becomes clear that the last mentioned bird fauna is still predominating and that the Siberian species (9.4%) are well represented as well. The list of breeding species of the Western Rhodopes includes 162 species. The ornithogeographic analyses consider 161, relating the Pheasant to the adventive ornithofauna, without any categorization. By studying the zoogeographic affinities of the species and their percentage of predomination in the Western Rhodopes and afterwards making a comparison to those in Pirin (SIMEONOV, 1971) and Vitosha (DONCHEV, 1961), the domination of Palearctic, European and European-Turkestany birds in the three mountains (Table 6) becomes clear.
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T a b l e 5. Zoogeographic characteristic of the ornithofauna of the Western Rhodopes Zoogeographic types Total Palearctic European Holarctic European-Turkestany Mediterranean Old World Turkestany-Mediterranean Indo-African Siberian Cosmopolitan Arctic Paleomontan Paleoxeromontan Siberian-Canadian Unknown Mongolian-Tibetian Paleoxeren Tibetan Turkestany Nearctic
Total species number % 247 77 27 24 23 16 14 12 9 9 7 7 6 4 3 3 2 1 1 1 1
Non breeding species number %
100.0 31.3 10.9 9.8 9.4 6.5 5.7 4.8 3.6 3.6 2.8 2.8 2.4 1.6 1.2 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
85 23 8 11 4 2 7 0 2 8 4 7 2 0 0 2 2 0 1 1 1
100.0 27.1 9.4 13.0 4.7 2.3 8.3 0.0 2.3 9.4 4.7 8.3 2.3 0.0 0.0 2.3 2.3 0.0 1.2 1.2 1.2
T a b l e 6. Comparative zoogeographic review of the breeding bird species in the Western Rhodopes, Pirin and Vitosha Zoogeographic types
Western Rhodopes number %
Total Palearctic European European-Turkestany Mediterranean Holarctic Turk. Mediterranean Old World Indo-African Paleomontan Paleoxeromontan Siberian-Canadian Cosmopolitan
161 54 19 19 14 13 12 7 7 4 4 3 3
100.0 33.5 11.8 11.8 8.7 8.1 7.5 4.4 4.4 2.5 2.5 1.8 1.8
Pirin (Simeonov, 1971) number % 151 48 24 20 16 13 11 4 1 6 4 1 1
100.0 31.8 15.9 13.2 10.6 8.6 7.3 2.6 0.7 3.9 2.6 0.7 0.7
Vitosha (Donchev, 1961) number % 98 39 16 14 5 9 2 4 1 4 2 0 0
100.0 39.9 16.3 14.3 5.1 9.2 2.0 4.1 1.0 4.1 2.0 0.0 0.0
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Zoogeographic types
Western Rhodopes number %
Paleoxeren Siberian Turkestany Mongolian-Tibetian
1 1 0 0
Pirin (Simeonov, 1971) number %
0.6 0.6 0.0 0.0
0 1 0 1
0.0 0.7 0.0 0.7
Vitosha (Donchev, 1961) number % 0 1 1 0
0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0
Hence the Western Rhodopes and Pirin are closer to the Mediterranean compared to Vitosha. Mediterranean and Turkestany- Mediterranean species are considerably more numerous there. It is noticeable as well that in the Western Rhodopes Indo-African species are seven, compared to Pirin - one and to Rila - one species. It is probably due to the fact that some of the species extended there areas northwards during the last decades (Redrumped Swallow Hirundo daurica, Bonelli’s Eagle Hieraaetus fasciatus etc.).
Species overview Black Stork, Ciconia nigra (VU)4 Rare summer visitor and passage migrant. The total breeding population is estimated as 25-30 pairs. The species is found in approximately 40 UTM squares in total, with a different degree of certainty as to breeding (BSPB, in print; HANDRINOS, AKRIOTIS, 1997). More than half of the confirmed breeding habitats are on trees, the rest are on cliffs. White Stork, Ciconia ciconia (VU) Locally rare summer visitor and passage migrant. White Stork can be found mostly in the built-up areas in the periphery of the Western Rhodopes. There are isolated cases of breeding in the high mountain (Barutin Village, Smolyan District; Sarnitsa Village, Ravnogor Village (1317 m.), Pazardjik District) The population is estimated ast60-80 pairs, found in 33 UTM squares (BSPB, in print). Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos (VU) Scarce and local resident, very common and widespread winter visitor. According to literary sources, the species is established as breeding in 17 UTM squares only in the Bulgarian part of the Western Rhodopes (BSPB, in print). The population is estimated at 50-80 pairs. Honey Buzzard, Pernis apivorus (VU) Widespread but scarce summer visitor and passage migrant. 4
The threat of extinction status for the species is specified in the brackets after the Latin name: CR critically endangered, EN - endangered, VU - vulnerable.
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Honey Buzzard is observed in approximately 50 UTM squares as breeding is confirmed for 13 of them. The population is estimated at 16-26 pairs. During the migration period 3 to 5 individuals were observed while crossing the gorge of Chepelarska River in the environs of Asenovgrad town (25.09.2005) and Vacha River near the town of Krichim (20.09.2003). Black Kite, Milvus migrans (CR) Very rare summer visitor and passage migrant. There are a few observations of Black Kite in 4 UTM squares thein the Bulgarian part of the Western Rhodopes but breeding is probable in only one of them (BSPB, in print). Lammergeier, Gypaetus barbatus (E) Extinct. Lammergeier is extinct as a breeding species in the Bulgarian part of the Western Rhodopes. The last observation was on 14.09.1957 in the Bulgarian part of the mountain when an individual was observed in the region of Bachkovski Monastery (BALAT, 1962). Egyptian Vulture, Neophron percnopterus (EN) Scarce and local summer visitor. Egyptian Vulture is found in about 10 UTM squares (BSPB, in print) The population is estimated at 5-10 pairs. The pair observed at Dobrostan Ridge has not been found in the breeding region in recent years (PETROV, MICHEV 1989). There is a tendency of decline in the breeding pairs in the Bulgarian part of the Western Rhodopes. Griffon Vulture, Gyps fulvus (V) Accidental. Two individuals were observed during the late-winter vagrancies near Dobrostan Village, Plovdiv District on 28.03.1986. In the next years two individuals of the species occurred incidentally near Popa Summit at Dobrostan Ridge (PETROV, 1989). A cranium of a juvenile griffon vulture was found close to the rock formations henomenon Karadjov Kamak (PETROV, MICHEV, 1989). A stuffed bird of the same species is kept in the school of Mugla Village. The bird was found in the summer of 1975 in the environs of Chamla Village, Smolyan District. By the first half of the 20 century many Griffon Vultures had been observed at the George of Trigrad (NANKINOV, 1981). Twelveindividuals were observed in May 2001 in the surroundings of Trigrad Village, Smolyan Dist. (Kostadin Hadjiyski, a tour-guide in Dyavolsko garlo Cave – pers. com.) and a few days later another 7 individuals were observed (Julian Perry, birdwatcher UK pers. com.). The species is breeding in the Greek part of the mountain. Colonies are found near Nestos River and Compsatos River. In the region of the latter near the Bulgarian state border 14 vultures of the species were observed on 26.08.2004 alighted near a goat carcass. The last observation of Griffon Vultures in the Bulgarian part of the mountain took place in the countryside of Dyurentsi in the surroundings of Aqua tepe, Prespa
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Ridge when 6 individuals were observed at the end of April 2005 (RAYCHO GANCHEV., pers. com.). Cinereous Vulture, Aegypius monachus (V) Accidental. The last observation of Cinereous Vulture in the Bulgarian part of the Western Rhodopes was on 11.12.1983 in the environs of Topolovo Village, Plovdiv District (PETROV, 1989). At the end of 19 century, the species was common for Bulgaria and Greece (HRISTOVICH, 1990; REISER, 1905). The species status in the Greek part of the mountain at present is indeterminate. An immature individual was observed in the region of Compsatos River near the Bulgarian state border on 26.08.2004. The same individual was observed together with 14 Griffon Vultures as mentioned above. Short-toed Eagle, Circaetus gallicus (EN) Rare and local summer visitor. The species is established in 30 UTM squares on the territory of the Western Rhodopes (BSPB, in print). The total assessment of the population in the region is 7-12 pairs, hence the argument to list it in the category of threatened under extinction. Goshawk, Accipiter gentilis (VU) Fairly widespread and rare resident. Goshawk is found in approximately 80% of the Western Rhodopes territory (BSPB, in print). The population estimation is 25-30 pairs. Sparrowhawk, Accipiter nisus (VU) Rare but fairly widespread resident, rare winter visitor and migrant. The species is observed in about 85 UTM squares (BSPB, in print). The population is estimated at 40-50 pairs. Levant Sparrowhawk, Accipiter brevipes (EN) Scarce and local summer visitor and passage migrant. The species is observed in only a few UTM squares. The population is estimated at 5-10 pairs (BSPB, in print). Long-legged Buzzard, Buteo rufinus (VU) Rare and local resident and common partial migrant. The species is confirmed in 13 UTM squares (BSPB, in print) and probably in 35 UTM squares more in the Greek part. The population is estimated at 20-30 pairs. The highest concentration of birds of this species is established in the northernmost territory of the region (Besaparski Ridge) where 11 breeding pairs were observed within the period 16.04 - 01.07.2003. Lesser Spotted Eagle, Aquila pomarina (EN). Scarce and local summer visitor and passage migrant.
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During the breeding period the species is observed in 14 UTM squares, in 3 of them in Bulgarian part of the mountain the breeding is confirmed (BSPB in print). The population estimation is 7-12 pairs. Lesser Spotted Eagle was found at Chernatitsa Ridge (HAUF, 1981), Dobrostan Ridge (NANKINOV, 1985; PETROV, 1989), Bozhenets Ridge within the breeding period of 1989, 1993; 2004 and 2005, Snezhanka Ridge (2005), Devinska Mountain (BABACHEV, 1986; 17.06.2005- 1 ind.) etc. Steppe Eagle, Aquila nipalensis (V) Accidental. Steppe Eagle (1-st year) was observed above Besaparski Ridge on 19.05.2005 and also on the following day 20.05 and on 29.07. Four immature Imperial Eagles behaved aggressively towards it. The open landscape and the high number of Suslick are probably the attraction for the eagles in this region. Imperial Eagle, Aquila heliaca (V) Accidental. According to literary data by the end of the 70s of 20 century the breeding habitats of the species had been established in the environs of the town of Batak, the town of Laki (MICHEV, PETROV, 1979) and Trigrad Village, Smolyan District (NANKINOV, 1982). In recent years Imperial Eagles were frequently observed at Besaparski Ridge (14.04.20033 imm.; 16.04.2003 – 1ad and 1 subad.; 20.05.2005 – 4 imm.; 29.07.2005 – 2 imm.) In spite of the studies the breeding is not confirmed. Vagrancy of the birds in the region is fairly probable due to the abundance of forage areas. Golden Eagle, Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Rare and local resident. Golden Eagle is observed in approximately 25-30 UTM squares (BSPB, in print). The population is estimated at 10-15 pairs. The species is breeding on both rocks and high trees. Immature birds (1-2 individuals) were observed frequently at Besaparski Ridge during the summer of 2004 and 2005. During the breeding period (1992 and 1993) three pairs weare established in the surroundings of Stomanevo Village, Smolyan District; Varvara Village and Krichim Dam, Pazardjik District. Booted Eagle, Hieraaetus pennatus (EN) Scarce and local summer visitor. Booted Eagle is established in approximately 12 UTM squares (BSPB, in print.). The population is estimated at 6 – 11 pairs. The species is observed in Beglika (= Vasil Kolarov) Reserve (DONCHEV, 1982), Bozhenets Ridge, near Ravno Bore Hut (01.06.1989) in the surroundings of the rock formations phenomenon Karadjov Kamak (PETROV, 1989), environs of the town of Asenovgad (KALTCHEW, 1964), Kazanite Reserve near Gyovren Village, Smolyan District (BABACHEV, 1986) and others. In the summer of 2003 and 2004 a pair was established at Besaparski Ridge. Aanother pair was found on 13.04.2005 in the surroundings of Topolovo Village, Plovdiv. The last observation of the species in the Bulgarian part of the Western Rhodopes is at Belocherkovski Ridge near Lyaskovo Village, Plovdiv District (04.06.2005).
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Bonelli’s Eagle, Hieraaetus fasciatus (CR) Very rare and local summer visitor. The species was established on the slopes of the northern Rhodopes Mountain near Iskra Village, Plovdiv District (FERIANTS et al., 1965), at the site Karadjov Kamak near Mostovo Village, Plovdiv District (SIMEONOV et al., 1990). At the end of August 1990 a pair perched on a beech tree was observed in the surroundings of Bezovo Summit, at Gonda Voda site. Lesser Kestrel, Falco naumanni (CR) Rare and local summer visitor The species in the Greek part of the Western Rhodopes probably doesn’t occur during the breeding period. In the middle of the last century a colony of 10-12 pairs was nesting on a cliff ledge in the town of Asenovgrad. During the 70s of the last century six pairs were nesting at the massive of Dobrostan (PETROV, 1989). In the surroundings of Krichim Dam 2 pairs were found and at the Canyon of Chepinska River another 4 pairs (08.06.1993). The last observation of the species was a male individual in the region of Nenkovo Village, Kardjali District (19.06.2005). Hobby, Falco subbuteo (VU) Wide spread but rare summer visitor and passage migrant The species is established in approximately 40 UTM squares (BSPB, in print) The population estimation is 25-35 pairs. Hobby was found at Dobrostanski Ridge and its surroundings (PETROV 1989; PETROV, MICHEV 1989.), a pair was found at Besaparski Ridge (16.04-01.07.2003) and an individual at Krichim Dam (17.05.2005). Eleonora’s Falcon, Falco eleonorae (V) Accidental On the territory of the Western Rhodopes the species is found during vagrancy. It was observed at Snezhanka Summit near Pamporovo Resort (MICHEV, PETROV, 2000), in the environs of the town of Smolyan and Bachkovski Monastery (BSPB in print). Red-footed Falcon, Falco vespertinus (M) Rare and local passage migrant The species is observed more frequently during the spring migration and less so in the autumn. On 08.05.1974 NANKINOV (1981) confirmed Red-footed Falcon at Besaparski Ridge. Saker, Falco cherrug (V) Accidental In the Greek part of the Western Rhodopes the species can probably be observed as a winter visitor (HANDRINOS, AKRIOTIS, 1997). In the Bulgarian part of the mountain it was established in Batashka Mountain, Dobrostanski Ridge (PETROV, 2002, MIHAYLOV, KODJABASHEV, 1998) and at Besaparski Ridge on 14-15.04.2003 - one add., 10.03-20.07.2004 - one ad.. In the first two above mentioned habitats the species has not been observed in the last five years. Despite the studies of Besaparski
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Ridge, nesting is not confirmed. It is the reason to include the species in the list of vagrant birds for the region. Peregrine, Falco peregrinus (EN-VU) Rare and local resident and winter visitor In the last (1995-2005) ten years the species was established in 13-18 UTM squares (BSPB, in print.) The population estimation is 10-15 pairs. In the Bulgarian part of the mountain the species was observed at Dobrostanski Ridge, Karadjov kamak, Chernatitsa Ridge (PETROV, 2002), the canyon of Chepinska River, Trigradsko Zhdrelo Gorge (PETROV et al., 1995), Besaparski Ridge (20.05.2005-1ad.). Hazel Grouse, Bonasa bonasia (LC) Widespread and very common resident Hazel Grouse is found in 49 UTM squares in the Bulgarian part of the mountain (BSPB, under print) and probably in another 3 UTM squares in the Greek part. The population is estimated at 800-900 pairs. In the Greek part the species occurs in the dense forests of the Western and Central Rhodopes in Eastern Macedonia. Black Grouse, Tetrao tetrix (E) Former breeding species By the mid 19 century the species had been represented by a high number in the Bulgarian part of the mountain. After this period the species has been considered extinct (SIMEONOV et al., 1990). The first observation of Black Grouse in the Greek part of the Western Rhodopes was in 1935. At present the species has indeterminate status there. Capercaillie, Tetrao urogallus (LC) Fairly common and local resident Capercaillie is established in 30 UTM squares (BSPB, in print). The population is estimated at 1100-1300 male individuals; 90% of them were registered in the Bulgarian part of the mountain during a census done by the National Game Reserves in 2005. The species prefers mixed and pure forests predominated by spruce,white pine, beech and fir. Most of the breeding Capercaillie’s habitats are on the territory of the National Game Reserves (NGR). They are: NGR Chepino, Pazardjik District (263 male individuals) NGR Phodopi, Bataska Mountain (151 male individuals); NGR “Izvora”, Devinska Mountain (120 male individuals), NGR Shiroka Polyana (114 male individuals), NGR “Kormisosh , Gradiste Ridge (100 male individuals), NGR “Borovo” on the southern slopes of Batak Mountain, under Batashki Snezhnik Summit (112 male individuals) and others. The easternmost habitat of the species within the researched region is 5km eastward of Cigansko Gradiste Summit near the Bulgarian-Greek border (05.09.2005, 2 male individuals.). Especially for the Capercaillie and the attendant species Hazel Grouse is is necessary to designate a protected area on both sides of the mountain, the territory/area ranging between Sredniya Vrah Summit (1874m) and Malinov Vrah Summit (1560m). The species is included in the Red Data Book of Bulgaria under the category “Threatened” and the Greek Red Data Book as “Rare”.
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Chukar, Alectoris chukar (NT) Local and common resident The species is found only in the Bulgarian part of the mountain in a total of 4 UTM squares (BSPB in print). The population estimation is 250-350 individuals, occurring at Dobrostanski Ridge and Karakulas Ridge (250-900 m above s.l.). Rock Partridge, Alectoris graeca (LC) Fairly common and local resident The species has a limited distribution in the Greek part of the Western Rhodopes, confining to the Bulgarian border. In the Bulgarian part it occurs west of the line outlined by: Ruen Summit, (near Asenovgrad), Tsigansko Gradiste (near the town of Rudozem). Five to ten kilometers east of this line and at forty kilometers north-south longitude a hybrid between Rock Partridge and Chukar (DRAGOEV, 1974) occurs. Rock Partridge is found here in 22 UTM squares (BSPB, in print). The population estimation is 900-1100 individuals, numerous at Dabrash Ridge, Bataska Planina Ridge, Videnishki Dyal, Devinska Mountain, Chernatitsa Ridge and others. Grey Partridge, Perdix perdix (LC) Fairly common and local resident The species is established in a total of 10 UTM squares (BSPB, in print). Here it occurs as natural Grey Partridges The population is estimated at 460-560 pairs. The species is included in the Red Data Book of Greece under the category “Vulnerable”. Quail, Coturnix coturnix (LC) Local and fairly common summer visitor and passage migrant Quail is found in approximately 30 UTM squares (BSPB, in print). The species is nesting at altitudes from 300m up to 1500-1800m above s.l. (GROSSLER, 1965). The population is estimated at 650-750 pairs. Quail is included in the Red Data Book of Greece under the category “Insufficiently known”. Pheasant, Phasianus colchicus (VU) Rare and local resident On the territory of the Western Rhodopes there are pheasants settled in different places by hunter’s groups, mainly birds of the subspecies Ph. c. torquatus. The population is estimated at 150-180 individuals, established in 6-8 UTM squares (BSPB, in print). Corncrake, Crex crex (VU) Rare summer visitor and widespread but rare passage migrant During the nesting period the species is established in the Bulgarian part of the researched region in 6 UTM squares (BSPB, in print).The population is estimated at 30-40 pairs. The species is more numerous in the surroundings of Batak Dam, Chepinska Kettle (PETROV, 2002), Mesta River Valley etc. Coot, Fulica atra (VU) Local and rare resident and very common winter visitor in Greece
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In the Bulgarian part of the researched region, the species was observed on 25.05.1993 in Krichim Dam. Confirmed breeding is established for Chepinska River Valley in Bulgaria (BSPB, in print), as well as at the wetlands along the River Nestos Valley in the Greek part. The population is estimated at 24-34 pairs. Crane, Grus grus (E) Former breeding species in Bulgaria and Greece, now irregular passage migrant At the end of 19 century it was breeding in Batashko Swamp (HRISTOVICH, 1890). During the autumn migration 18 birds were observed àt the foot of Dobrostanski Ridge in the environs of Asenovgrad They did not cross the mountain, but kept southeast destination parallel with the ridge (PETROV, 1989). Stone curlew, Burhinus oedicnemus (EN) Scarce and very local summer visitor and passage migrant Confirmed breeding of the species in the Bulgarian part was established at Besaparski Ridge in the years 2003, 2004 and 2005. The population estimation is 3-5 pairs. Little Ringed Plover, Charadrius dubius (VU) Rare and local summer visitor and passage migrant In the Bulgarian part of the Western Rhodopes the species is observed on the territory of 11 UTM squares (BSPB, in print) and it might occur in 8 squares more in the Greek part (BSPB, in print). The population is estimated at 20-40 pairs. Lapwing, Vanellus vanellus (VU) Very local and rare summer visitor and winter visitor in Bulgaria; rare resident and winter visitor in Greece Probable breeding is established for the surroundings of Batak Dam and confirmed breeding - for the environs of Asenovgrad. The population is estimated at 10-15 pairs (BSPB, in print). Woodcock, Scolopax rusticola (EN) Very rare and local summer visitor, passage migrant and winter visitor in Bulgaria; fairly common rare and local resident and winter visitor in Greece During the breeding period in the Bulgarian part of the mountain Woodcock was established near the town of Bratsigovo, Boykovo Village, Lilkovo Village, environs of the town of Chepelare, camping village Byala Cherkva (BOEV, 1985), Dobrostanski Ridge (PETROV, 1989), surroundings of Trigrad Village, Smolyan District (BSPB, in print), Bozhenets Ridge (09.06.1993). At altitude of 1500m in the Greek part two birds of the species were observed in dense forest, north-south of Paranesti (HANDRINOS, AKRIOTIS, 1997). The Western Rhodopes population of the species is estimated at 812 individuals. Common Sandpiper, Actitis hypoleucos (CR-EN) Very rare and local summer visitor and passage migrant
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Confirmed breeding habitat was established on 06 and 12.05.1990 near Parvenets, Plovdiv District. A wintering individual was observed at the same place on 25.02.1968 (NANKINOV et al., 1997). Probable and possible nesting was reported for the Borovitsa River Valley, Trigradska River, Batak Dam (BSPB, in print) and Chepelarska River in the surroundings of Hvoyna Village, Smolyan District (IRIKOV, 1993). Black-headed Gull, Larus ridibundus (Wv) Rare and local winter visitor and vagrant. Wintering birds frequently visit rubbish dumps and sewage outfalls. Vagrant birds were observed in Dospat Dam (23.08.1993-32 ind.), Batak Dam (03.09.1997, 150 ind., HAUFF, 1981), and wintering birds - around Chepelarska River near Asenovgrad (02.12.1989, 80 ad. and 120 imm.). Stock Dove, Columba oenas (VU) Rare and very local resident and scarce winter visitor. The species is found in 14 UTM squares. Confirmed breeding habitats are established mainly at the border region (BSPB, in print). The population estimation is 30-40 pairs. Great Spotted Cuckoo, Clamator glandarius (CR) Very rare and local summer visitor and passage migrant. During the nesting period the species was found in the surroundings of Beden Village, Smolyan District on 03.06.1954 (KALTCHEW, 1964) and until now it has been the habitat of the highest altitude (1100m) for this species in Bulgaria (NANKINOV et al., 1997). Great Spotted Cuckoo is regularly observed at the Nestos Delta and the plains of Komotini in Northern Greece (YERRENTRUP, 1986). These regions are the closest to the Western Rhodopes. Barn Owl, Tyto alba (VU-NT) Very rare and local resident, wintering in the Bulgarian part of the Western Rhodopes; fairly common and widespread resident in the Greek part. The population estimation is 40-120 pairs. Scops Owl, Otus scops (NT) Common and wide spread summer visitor in the Bulgarian part and a partial migrant in the Greek part of the mountain. It is established in 55-60 UTM squares. First spring migrants of the species fly up to the territory in February (25.02.2005, Asenovgrad near the railway station). The population estimation is 435-460 pairs. Eagle Owl, Bubo bubo (VU) Local and rare resident. Nesting habitats of the species are found in approximately 30 UTM squares in the researched region (BSPB, in print). Breeding habitats at altitude higher than 1200 m were established in the surroundings of the town of Dospat, Trigrad Village, Kesten
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Village - Smolyan District and Dobrostan Village-Plovdiv District (MICHEV, PETROV, 2000). The population is estimated at 24-30 pairs. Pygmy Owl, Glaucidium passerinum (CR) Very rare and local resident. In the Greek part of the Western Rhodopes the species was established north of Paranesti along the Greek-Bulgarian border (HANDRINOS, AKRIOTIS, 1997), while in the Bulgarian part - in the surroundings of Pamporovo Resort (BSPB, in print) The population is estimated at 2-3 pairs. Ural Owl, Strix uralensis (V) Accidental. Ural Owl was observed only twice on the Bulgarian territory of the Western Rhodopes in the vicinity of the town of Krichim, Plovdiv District in June 1905 and on 26 May 1923 (BOEV, SIMEONOV, 1967). Tengmalm’s Owl, Aegolius funereus (EN) Scarce and very local resident. Tengmalm’s Owl is marked in 12 UTM squares (NIKOLOV et al., 2001; BSPB in print, BAUER & BÖHR, 1987). The nothermost habitat of the species in the Rhodopes is Kupena Reserve (a venerable mixed forest of black pine, spruce and beech - 14.07.2005, acoustic observation, provoked by acoustic signal of tape-recorder. The population is estimated at 8-11 pairs. Nightjar, Caprimulgus europaeus (LC) Fairly common and widespread summer visitor The species is found on the territory of 89 UTM squares. The species is most numerous in the vicinity of the towns of Velingrad and Rakitovo (BSPB, in print). The population estimation is 800-900 pairs Kingfisher, Alcedo atthis (VU) Local and rare resident. Kingfisher in the region is marked in 32 UTM squares (BSPB, in print). The population estimation is 80-100 pairs. Roller, Coracias garrulus (CR) Very rare and local summer visitor and passage migrant. The species population in the region is estimated at 1-2 pairs. During the breeding period it was found at Dobrostanski Ridge (PETROV, 1990). Wryneck, Jynx torquilla (VU) Local and rare summer visitor in Bulgarian Western Rhodopes; scarce and local resident in the Greek part of the mountain.
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The species is found in a total of 30 UTM squares but it is most numerous in the Bulgarian-Greek border territory and in the vicinity of the town of Asenovgrad (BSPB, in print). The population estimation is 90-110 pairs. Grey-headed Woodpecker, Picus canus (VU) Scarce and local resident. Grey-headed Woodpecker is found in 15 UTM squares in the Bulgarian part and probably in another 4 in the Greek part of the Western Rhodopes (BSPB, in print; HANDRINOS, AKRIOTIS, 1997). The population is estimated at 60-70 pairs. The species is included in the Red Data Book of Greece in the category “Rare”. Green Woodpecker, Picus viridis (LC) Fairly widespread and fairly common resident. Green woodpecker is found in 84 UTM squares. The species is observed mainly format altitudes of 300 m up to 1200 m; very rarely it could occur as high as 1800-2000m. The population estimation is 900-1000 pairs. Black Woodpecker, Dryocopus martius (NT) Common and fairly widespread resident. In the Bulgarian part of the Western Rhodopes Black Woodpecker is found in 65 UTM squares, while in the Greek part it is observed in 4-5 UTM squares (BSPB, in print; HANDRINOS, AKRIOTIS, 1997). The species population is estimated at 375- 425 pairs. In the Red Data Book of Bulgaria it is listed under the category “Rare”. White-backed Woodpecker, Dendrocopos leucotos (VU-NT) Local and rare resident. The species is confirmed as breeding in Batashka Mountain (Mantaritsa Reserve - beech forest, 29.07.2005, 1450 m), Dabrash Ridge, the Bulgarian-Greek border territory along River Arda (BSPB, in print), Chernatitsa (DARAKCHIEV, 1969), Dobrostan (SPIRIDONOV, 1985). The population is estimated at 115-150 pairs. In both Bulgarian and Greek Red Data Book, White-backed Woodpecker is included in the category “Rare”. Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, Dendrocopos minor (VU) Rare and local resident. The species is found at Dabrash Ridge, the border territory between Bulgaria and Greece, Dobrostan, Chernatitsa etc. (BSPB, in print). The estimation of the population is 50-60 pairs. Three-toed Woodpecker, Picoides tridactylus (VU) Very local and rare resident. The species is found at Yundola, Karlaka Summit, in the surroundings of Persenk Hut, Mezargidik site, Chernatitsa Ridge (SPIRIDONOV, 1985), Videnitsa Summit, Malinov Vrah Summit (PETROV, 2002), the border territory between Bulgaria and Greece
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in an old spruce forest at 1650-1950m (BAUER & BÖHR, 1987) etc. The population estimation is 15-20 pairs. Calandra Lark, Melanocorypha calandra (VU) Very local and rare summer visitor. The species’ most numerous breeding is at Besaparski Ridge. The population estimation is 30-60 pairs. Short-toed Lark, Calandrella brachydactyla (VU) Very local and rare summer visitor. There is confirmed breeding at Besaparski Ridge (BSPB, in print), Dobrostan Ridge (PETROV, 1989) and probably in the southernmost parts of the Western Rhodopes. The population estimation is 20-30 pairs. Woodlark, Lullula arborea (LC) Widespread and fairly common summer visitor in Bulgaria and resident in Greece. The species is most numerous in the formations Querceta frainetae (18 pairs/km²), Junipereta communis (14 pairs/km²) etc.(PETROV, 1988 a). The population estimation is 1700-1800 pairs. Shore Lark, Eremophila alpestris (VU) Very local and rare resident. The species is found in the surroundings of Golyama Syutka Summit (2186m), Batashki Snezhnik Summit (2082m), Mursalitsa Ridge, Golyam Perelik Summit (2191m),etc.(BSPB, in print), as well as the border territory of Bulgaria and Greece. The population estimation is 60-80 pairs. Tawny Pipit, Anthus campestris (VU) Very local and rare summer visitor. Tawny Pipit is found at Besaparski Ridge, Dobrostan Ridge (BSPB, in print) and the northernmost and southernmost parts of the Western Rhodopes. The population estimation is 50-75 pairs. Alpine Accentor, Prunella collaris (VU) Very local and rare resident. The species is found in the surroundings of following summits: Beslet (1938m), Golyama Syutka (2186m), Batashki Snezhnik (2082m), Golyam Perelik (2191m), Golyam Persenk (2091m) and the higher parts of the Bulgarian-Greek border territory (BSPB, in print). The population is estimated at 100-115 pairs. Redstart, Phoenicurus phoenicurus (VU) Very local and rare summer visitor. Redstart breeds in the Bulgarian-Greek border territory, the surroundings of Mursalitsa Ridge, Dobrostan Ridge and others (BSPB, in print). The population estimation is 60-80 pairs.
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Isabelline Wheatear, Oenanthe isabellina (NT) Very local and common summer visitor. The highest number of the species is found at Besaparski Ridove (BSPB, in print), the north and south slopes of the Western Rhodopes. The population is estimated at 180-210 pairs. Isabelline Wheatear is listed in the Red Data Book of Greece under the category “Rare”. Black-eared Wheatear, Oenanthe hispanica (NT) Very local and common summer visitor. The species is breeding at Besaparski Ridge, the surroundings of the town of Smolyan, Chernatitsa Ridge, Dobrostan, Karakulas Ridge (BSPB, in print) and the south slopes of the Western Rhodopes. The estimation of the population is 115-175 pairs. Ring Ouzel, Turdus torquatus (LC) It appears in approximately 30 UTM squares, mainly in the high part of the region (BSPB in print). For the first time in Greece it was found as a breeding species in the Rhodopes Mountain on 22 and 25 May 1979 (BAUER & BÖHR, 1987) The population is estimated at 550- 650 pairs. Ring Ouzel is listed in the Red Data Book of Greece under the category “Rare”. Barred Warbler, Sylvia nisoria (VU) Vary local and rare summer visitor. The species is confirmed as breeding in the northernmost and southernmost part of the Western Rhodopes. The estimation of the population is 40-50 pairs. Bonelli’s Warbler, Phylloscopus bonelli (NT) Very local and common summer visitor and passage migrant. It breeds on almost the entire Greek part of the Western Rhodopes (HANDRINOS, AKRIOTIS, 1997) and only 3 UTM squares - Dabrash Ridge in the Bulgarian part (BSPB, in print). The population estimation is 180-220 pairs. Wood Warbler, Phylloscopus sibilatrix (NT) Rare summer visitor and common passage migrant in the Greek part of the mountain. Wood Warbler is most numerous in the formations of Ostryeta carpinifoliae, Querceta dalechampii, Fageta sylvaticae as follows: 20, 10 and 9 ind. /km² (PETROV, 1988).The estimation of the population is 250-300 pairs. Red-breasted Flycatcher, Ficedula parva (CR) Very rare and very local summer visitor. The species was found as breeding only in the Greek part of the Central Rhodopes on 06.05.1988 among Beech Fagus sylvatica and Norway spruce Picea abies at 1760 m (HOLZINGER, 1993).The estimation of the population is only a few pairs. Semi-collared Flycatcher, Ficedula semitorquata (VU) Very local and rare summer visitor and widespread passage migrant.
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Confirmed breeding of the species is established in the surroundings of the town of Rakitovo (BSPB, in print) and in the Greek part – up to 1400m. The estimation of the population is 15-30 pairs. Crested Tit, Parus cristatus (NT) Widespread and common in the Bulgarian part, local and scarce resident in the Greek part of the Western Rhodopes. The species is most numerous in the Bulgarian-Greek border area (BSPB, in print; HANDRINOS, AKRIOTIS, 1997). At the massive of Dobrostan it is found in formation of Pineta nigrae and Abieta albae - 20 and 13 ind./km² (PETROV, 1988a). The population is estimated at 400-450 pairs. Rock Nuthatch, Sitta neumayer (EN) Very local and scarce resident. Rock Nuthatch is found only in the Bulgarian part of the Western Rhodopes: Chepelarski Karlak (REISER, 1894), Kastrakli Reserve, Trigrad-Yagodina Region (NANKINOV, 1982), Dobrostan Ridge (BALAT, 1962), Hrabrino Village-Plovdiv District (HAUFF, 1980), Karadzhov Kamak (PETROV, 1988a). The population is estimated at 5-10 pairs. Wallcreeper, Tichodroma muraria (VU) Rare and local resident. The species is found in the Bulgarian-Greek border area, Dabrash Ridge, Chernatitsa Ridge, Dobrostan Ridge and its surroundings (NANKINOV, 1982; PETROV, MICHEV, 1989; PETROV, 1990; IRIKOV, 1993; BSPB, in print). The population is estimated at 50-80 pairs. Wallcreeper is included in the Red Data Book of Greece under the category “Rare”. Lesser Grey Shrike, Lanius minor (VU) Very local and rare summer visitor. In the Bulgarian part the species breeds at an altitude of up to 500 m mainly (PETROV, 2002), in the Greek part it breeds at 1000 m. The population is estimated at 30-40 pairs. Lesser Grey Shrike is included in the RED DATA BOOK OF GREECE under the category “Insufficiently known”. Woodchat Shrike, Lanius senator (NT) Common and local summer visitor. Woodchat Shrike occurs mostly in hilly terrains up to 500m altitude in the south and north parts of the Western Rhodopes. It is marked in 20 UTM squares (BSPB, in print). The population is estimated at 200-230 pairs Masked Shrike, Lanius nubicus (CR) Very rare and very local summer visitor. During the breeding period the species is found only in the Bulgarian part of the researched region near Chetiridesette Izvora Dam (PETROV, 1988â).The population is estimated at 1-2 pairs. The species is included in the Red Data Book of Greece under the category “Rare”.
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Alpine Chough, Pyrrhocorax graculus (E) Extinct. Alpine Chough had been breeding in Dobrostanski Ridge by 1990. In 1985 18 pairs were found in Lednitsata Cave and Garvanova Dupka Cave (PETROV, 1990). The probable reason for the species extinction is disturbance by people climbing down in the caves. Rose-coloured Starling, Sturnus roseus (V, M) Accidental. In the Bulgarian part of the Western Rhodopes the species was observed at the north foot of Dobrostan Ridge (PETROV, 1989) and six individuals were observed at Besaparski Ridge on 13.06.2005. Linnet, Carduelis cannabina (LC) Widespread and very common resident. Linnet occurs in more than half of all UTM squares on Western Rhodopes territory (BSPB, in print; HANDRINOS, AKRIOTIS, 1997). The population is estimated at 1200-1400 pairs. Desert Finch, Rhodopechys obsoleta (V) Accidental. A pair of the species was observed at Dobrostan Ridge on 24.02.1986 in Carpinus orientalis forest (PETROV, 1988â). The breeding area of the species lies between Fore Asia and Mid Asia westwards to Southern Turkey. The population of the species in Turkey is estimated at 3000 pairs (BIRDLIFE, 2004). During the winter it might occur as vagrant species outside the area (DEMENTIEV, GLADKOV, 1954). Common Rosefinch, Carpodacus erythrinus (V) Accidental. During the breeding period the species is found in a few UTM squares in an area situated between the town of Smolyan and Borino Village (BSPB, in print). No data is available for its breeding in the Greek part of the mountain. Ortolan Bunting, Emberiza hortulana (LC) Local and fairly common summer visitor. With a different degree of certainty regarding its breeding Ortolan Bunting is found in 27 UTM squares (BSPB, in print; HANDRINOS, AKRIOTIS, 1997). The population is estimated at 900-1000 pairs. Rustic Bunting, Emberiza rustica (V) Accidental. A male individual of the species was observed on 21.October 1990 in the countryside area located between the town of Krichim and Kurtovo Konare Village, Plovdiv District (VELEV, 1995).
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Black-headed Bunting, Emberiza melanocephala (LC) Local and fairly common summer visitor. The species is most numerous in the southernmost and northernmost parts of the Western Rhodopes (BSPB, in print; HANDRINOS, AKRIOTIS, 1997). The population is estimated at 800-1000 pairs. Corn Bunting, Milaria calandra (LC) Very common and widespread summer visitor in the Bulgarian part and resident in the Greek part of the mountain. Corn Bunting is found in 55-60 UTM squares of the Western Rhodopes territory up to 1200m (BSPB, in print). The population is estimated at 2400-2600 pairs.
Sites of high conservation significance for the birds In the Bulgarian part of the Western Rhodopes no Important Bird Ares (IBA), (KOSTADINOVA, 1997) have been designated by now. As a result of BSPB’s purposeful research during the last decade in the area, as well as the realized field activities relating to the building of European Ecological Network Natura 2000, and for the purpose of designating six IBAs species of high conservation significance were recognized in the Western Rhodopes. (Fig. 1). Mesta (Fig.1-No1) The site covers the most south-western slopes of Dabrash Ridge of an area covering about 150 km². Partially included in the site is the picturesque Momina Klisura Gorge, where the milder climate from Mesta River valley can be felt. At the site there are rare and threatened with extinction species such as species of Mediterranean distribution: Lesser Kestrel, Long-legged Buzzard, Black Stork, Rock Partridge, Masked Shrike, Blue Rock Thrush, Rock Thrush, Olive-tree Warbler, Shorttoed Eagle, Sombre Tit etc. Beglika-Western Rhodopes (Fig.1-No2) The site occupies an area of about 1200 m², covering parts of the ridges: Dabrash, Syutka and Batashka Mountain as well as their highest summits: Beslet (1938 m), Golyama Syutka (2186 m) and Batashki Snezhnik (2082 m).The following dams are included in the site: Dospat, Shiroka Polyana, Golyam Beglik, Blatoto, Beglika, Toshkov Chark, Djenevra as well as numerous rivers flowing into them. The mountain climate and higher humidity in this part of the Western Rhodopes favour the growth of Spruce (Picea abies), Fir-tree (Abies alba), Beech (Fagus sylvatica), White Pine (Pinus sylvestris) as well as mosaic distribution of Macedonian Fir-tree (Abies borisi regis). Considerable part of the rich flora and fauna heritage is preserved in the following reserves: Beglika, Mantaritsa, Dupkata, Kupena and others. Among the species of high conservation significance the best represented is Capercaillie (878 male ind.).Other bird species of interest are: Tengmalm’s Owl (7-11pairs), Three-toed
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Woodpecker (1-2 pairs), Lesser Spotted Eagle (2-4 ind.), Hazel Grouse (250 pairs), Hobby (5-10 pairs), Honey Buzzard (8-15 pairs), Black Stork (5-10 pairs) and others. Besaparski Ridge (Fig.1-No3) The site includes a group of heavily eroded, karst ridges. Woodless landscape prevails there. In terms of distribution and occupied territory grass vegetation is primary. The territory is approximately 140 km². The site is optimal for the population of Suslick (Spermophilus citellus) which numbers more than 1000 individuals there. The rich dietary base (Suslicks, hares, insects etc.) and the open landscape attract many rare and threatened with extinction bird species as well as such of southern type of distribution (Fig. 2). The following species were established in the site during the last few years: Imperial Eagle (2-4 imm., 1 ad.), Saker Falcon (1ad.), Lesser Spotted Eagle (1 pair), Booted Eagle (1 pair), Long-legged Buzzard (11 breeding pairs), Steppe Eagle (1imm.), Golden Eagle (2 imm.), Short-toed Eagle (1pair), Peregrine (1ad.), Nightjar (5-9 pairs), Stone Curlew (2-3 pairs), Isabelline Wheatear (50-70 pairs), Black-eared Wheatear (2-5 pairs), Corn Bunting (30-50 pairs), Black-headed Bunting (50 pairs), Olive-tree Warbler (1-2 pairs) and others. Dobrostan-Prespa (Fig.1-No4) The site includes Prespa Ridge, Krushevska Mountain and the Ridges of Manastiriste, Gradiste and Karakulas, Dobrosatan and part of Belocherkovski Ridge in the surroundings
Fig. 2. Artificial nest mounting for Birds of Prey at the region of Besaparski Ridge. Photo G. Popgeorgiev.
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of Asenovgrad. The total area is approximately 750 km². The Biosphere Reserve “Chervenata Stena”, Zhenda Reserve and numerous protected territories are included in the site as well. Karst landscape prevails. The forests of the region are represented by the following tree-species: Pineta nigrae, Fageta sylvaticae, Abieta albae, Querceta dalechampii, Ostrieta caprinifolia, Caprineta orientalis and others. A number of rocky biotopes (Karadjov Kamak, Haydushki Kamak, Ravniya Kamak, and river valleys: Yugovska, Mostovska Sushitsa and Borovitsa) provide rich breeding and dietary base for numerous bird species: Black Stork (5-6 pairs), Egyptian Vulture (1-2 pairs), Griffon Vulture (2-3 vagrants), Short-toed Eagle (1 pair), Long-legged Buzzard (5-7 pairs), Lesser Spotted Eagle (1-2 pair), Booted Eagle (1-2 pairs), Peregrine (4-5pairs), Golden Eagle (2-3 pairs), Hobby (2-3 pairs), Chukar (25-30 individuals), Capercaillie (100-130 male individuals), Nightjar (35-45 pairs), Blue Rock Thrush (2-3 pairs), Rock Thrush (4-5 pairs), Rock Nuthatch (1-2 pairs), Wallcreeper (2-3 pairs), Masked Shrike (0-1 pair) and others. Trigrad-Mursalitsa (Fig.1-No5) The site lies between the upper course of Vacha River, Shirokolashka River, and the Bulgarian-Greek state border. It occupies about 500 km². The landscape is karst. Many of the rivers flow through deep gorges (Trigradska, Buynovska, Muglenska, Cherna and others), which are very good for birdwatching. The site has the highest altitude compared to the above mentioned sites (Golyam Perelik Summit - 2191m, Golyam Snezhnik Summit - 2188 m etc.) and includes the cliffs of Trigradsko and Buynovsko Zhdrelo gorges, where Griffon Vulture and Egyptian Vulture used to breed in the past (until 1935) as well as Imperial Eagle - in the area of Kastrakli until 1962 (Nankinov, 1981 and 1982). The site is of importance considering the occurrence of bird species of high conservation significance: Capercaillie (65-75 male ind.), Long-legged Buzzard (1-2 pairs), Golden Eagle (1-2 pairs), Peregrine (2-3 pairs), Hobby (2-3 pairs), Rock Partridge (15-20 pairs), Corncrake (5-10 pair), Tengmalm’s Owl (2-3 pairs), Eagle Owl (3-5pairs), Threetoed Woodpecker (3-5 pairs), Blue Rock Thrush (2-3 pairs), Rock Thrush (5-7 pairs), Rock Nuthatch (2-4 pairs), Wallcreeper (10-15 pairs) and others. Persenk (Fig.1-No6) The site includes the highest part of Chernatitsa Ridge (Golyam Persenk Summit 2091 m). It occupies territory of about 150 km². The Rock Formation Chudnite Mostove, which is a natural phenomenon, is included in the site. The climate is mountainous with high humidity. The old forests are represented by Spruce and Fir. The bird species of high conservation significance are: Capercaillie (5-10 male ind.), Rock Partridge (1015 pairs), Tengmalm’s Owl (1-2 pairs), Nightjar (10-15 pair), Three-toed Woodpecker (35 pairs), Wallcreeper (2-3 pairs) and others.
Conclusion Western Rhodopes ornithofauna is extremely rich - 247 species, out of which 162 species are breeding. Globally threatened are 7 (1 - endangered, 3 - vulnerable and 3-near
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threatened). In the European Red List of IUCN 18 species are included (6 endangered, 12 vulnerable) and if the species of declining status (74 species) and the “rare” ones (7 species) are added, the number of bird species of conservation significance becomes 106. Beside the bird species, a large number of other vertebrate and invertebrate species as well as flora species are of high conservation value. These are the reasons for nongovernment organizations (NGOs) and state experts in Bulgaria to give many proposals on the future Western Rhodopes conservation status. Most attractive seems the idea of Green Balkans (Zeleni Balkani) federation of nature conservation NGO for designation of the Bulgarian territory of the mountain as a Natura Park but it is difficult to realize the designation of such a park with a territory of 8 000 km² and hundred thousands of residents in 23 municipalities. More realistic is the Wilderness Fund’s (Priroden Fond) standpoint for designation of three less extensive Natura Parks: Dobrostan-Prespa, Trigrad-Yagodina and Beglika. The first two regions are on a limestone base and extremely rich in plant species, the third one is on a silicate base. Another idea is the designation of a Trans-border Rhodopes Park proposed by the Borrowed Nature (Priroda na Zaem) Association. Regardless of which proposal will be realized, the concern of the preservation of the Western Rhodopes rich biodiversity heritage still remains.
Acknowledgements Above all we would like to express our gratitude to Dr. Petar Beron for his invitation to us to be a part of the team of authors on Biodiversity of the Western Rhodopes. The current paper reveals the work of the people involved in the development and releasing of the Atlas of Bulgarian Breeding Birds (BSPB, in print), as well as of all those who participated in the field activities and the development of the enlarged edition of Important Bird Areas in Bulgaria (BSPB, in print) to whom these acknowledgements are due as well. We would like to personally thank our colleges and friends: Stefan Avramov, Nedko Nedyalkov, Gottlieb Dandliker, Marin Kurtev, Ivailo Angelov, Kiril Metodiev, Georgi Georgiev, Veronika Ferdinandova, Kiril Stoyanov, Kaloyan Anev, who participated in the field activities on the study of the Western Rhodopes birds. We are very grateful to Assist. Prof. Tanyo Michev for placing at our disposal the book “The birds of Greece”, to Dr. Anton Darakchiev and his students for the diploma papers on the Western Rhodopes. With the help of all above mentioned we hope to give more comprehensive understanding of the birds of the Western Rhodopes.
References BABACHEV, B.1986. [Contribution to the distribution research of some rare bird species in Cenral Rhodopes (Diploma paper)]. - University of Plovdiv, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, 38 p. (in Bulgarian) BALAT, F.1962. Contribution to the Knowledge of the Avifauna of Bulgaria. - Prace Brn. Zakl. ÈAV, 34: 445-492.
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BAUER W. & H. J. BÖHR. 1987. Zur Kenntnis der s´dlichen Arealgrenzen einiger Vogelarten in den griechischen Rhodopen. - Vogelwelt, 108: 1-13. BIODIVERSITY ACT. 2002. State gazette, 77 (in Bulgarian). BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL. 2004. Birds in Europe: Population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: (BirdLife Conservation Series ¹12), 374 p. BOEV, N. 1985. Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola). In: Red Data Book of PR of Bulgaria, 2. Animals, 109-110. BOEV, N., S. SIMEONOV. 1967. Über die Verbreitung einiger Eulen –Arten in S´dost – Europa. - Acta, Scopje, 9:1(91): 1-15. BSPB. in print. Atlas of Bulgarian Breeding Birds. BSPB. in print. Important Bird Areas in Bulgaria. DARAKCHIEV A. 1969a. [Survey on the ornithofauna of Chernatitsa part in Rhodopes Mountain with some biological and ecological notes]. – High Pedagogical Institute “P. Hilendarski” - Plovdiv, Dep.”Zoology” (Thesis)], (in Bulgarian). DARAKCHIEV A. 1969b. Contribution to the seasonal migration of some birds at Rhodopes MountainScientific works, High Pedagogical Institute “P. Hilendarski” - Plovdiv, 7(1):193-198 (In Bulgarian). DARAKCHIEV A.1970. Black Redstart (Phoenicurus ochruros Gmelin) in Central Rhodopes. - High Pedagogical Institute “P. Hilendarski”- Plovdiv, scient. works, 8(1): 153-158 (in Bulgarian). DARAKCHIEV A. 1971.On the biology of Coal Tit (Parus ater L.) at Rhodopes mountain.- High Pedagogical Institute “P. Hilendarski”- Plovdiv, scient. works, 9(3): 155-159 (in Bulgarian). DARAKCHIEV A. 1973. On the passage of some birds in Rhodopes mountain. - University of Plovdiv “P. Hilendarski”, scient. works, 11(5): 500 - 517 (In Bulgarian). DARAKCHIEV A. 1981. On the dietary of the birds of Chernatitsa part in Rhodopes Mountain University of Plovdiv “P. Hilendarski”, scient. works, 19(4): 173 - 207 (in Bulgarian). DARAKCHIEV A., D. NANKINOV 1973. Ecology-geographical review on migration and generative cycle of Pied Wagtail (Motacilla alba alba L.). - Bull. Natural Science Museum Plovdiv, 2: 89 - 96 (in Bulgarian). DEMENTIEV G., N. GLADKOV (eds). 1954. Birds of Soviet Union. - M., 5: 1 - 803 (In Russian). DONCHEV S. 1961. Birds of Vitosha mountain – Bull. Zool. Inst. Mus., BAS, 10: 59 - 137 (in Bulgarian). DONCHEV S. 1982. The birds at Beglika (= Vasil Kolarov) Reserve and its surroundings (Western Rhodopes). - Ecology, 10: 35 - 44. DRAGOEV P. 1974. On the population of the Rock Partridge (Alectoris graeca Meisner) in Bulgaria and methods of census. - Acta ornithologica, Warszawa, 14: 394 - 398. DRENSKI P. 1946. Zoogeographical patterns of Bulgaria. - Annual of University of Sofia, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, 3 Mathematics, 109 -161 (in Bulgarian). FERIANZ O., S. DONCHEV, YAN. GANZAK. 1965. Data on birds around Iskra Village (North-Eastern Rhodopes) and town of Burgas. – Bull. Zool. Inst. Mus., BAS, 19: 5 - 13 (in Russian). GRÖSSLER K. 1965. Ornitologische Beobachtungen in den Rhodopen (Sud-Bulgarien). - Zool. Abhandl., 28(5): 103 - 111. HANDRINOS G., T. AKRIOTIS. 1997. The Birds of Greece. - Christopher Helm (Publishers) Ltd., London, 336 p. HAUFF P. 1981. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Vögelwelt Thrakiens. - Faunistische Abh., Staatliches Mus. Tierk. Dresden, 8(5): 67 - 73. HÖLZINGER J. 1993, Brutvorkommen des Zwergschnäppers Ficedula parva an seiner S´dlichen Arealgrenze in Griechenland. - Vogelwelt, 114: 245 - 250. HRISTOVICH G. 1890. [Materials for studying Bulgarian fauna]. – Sb. nar. umotv., 2: 185 – 225 (in Bulgarian). HRISTOVICH G. 1892. [Materials for studying Bulgarian ornithofauna]. - Sb. nar. umotv., 7: 419 – 424 (in Bulgarian). IUCN. 2001. IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Cambridge, 1 - 23. IRIKOV A. 1993. [Species composition and seasonal dynamic of the ornithofauna of Dolen Rupchos - Central Rhodopes. (Diploma paper)]. - University of Plovdiv, Faculty of Biology, 85 pp. (in Bulgarian). JERRENTRUP H. 1986. The birds of Xanty and Nestos - Thracian chronicles, 41: 194 – 211 (in Greek). JORDANS A. 1940. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Vögelwelt Bulgariens. - Mitt Naturw. Inst., Sofia, 13: 49 - 152. KALTSCHEW B. 1964. Zur Kenntnis der Vogelfauna der Umgebung von Plovdiv (Bulgarien). - Zool. Abhand., Staate Mus. Tierk. Dresden, 26(20): 293 - 297. KARANDEINOS M., T. LEGAKIS (eds.). 1992. The Red Data Book of Threatened Vertebrates of Greece. Hellen. Zool. Soc., Athena (In Greek).
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KOSTADINOVA I. (Comp.). 1997. Important Bird Areas in Bulgaria. Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds. Conservation Series - Book 1, Sofia, 176 pp. (in Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). MICHEV T., Ts. PETROV. 1979. Upon the Distribution of the Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca Sav.) in Bulgaria. - Mus. South Bulgaria, 5: 65-77. MICHEV T., Ts. PETROV. 2000. The birds of Rhodopes mountain. - Bulgarian Society for the protection of Rhodopes mountain, S., p.122 (in Bulgarian). MIHAILOV H., N. KODZHABASHEV. 1998. Study on the distribution and species composition of birds and mammalian on the territory of the “Chervenata stena” biosphere reserve. - Forestry ideas, 1(14): 27-37. NANKINOV D. 1981. Some observations on Bulgarian diurnal raptor bird species. - Ornithological inf. Bull., 9: 25 - 35 (in Bulgarian). NANKINOV D. 1982. Ecological review on Kastrakli Reserve and Trigradsko- Yagodinski Region of Rhodopes mountain - Ecology, 10: 22 – 34 (in Bulgarian) NANKINOV D. 1985. [Lesser Spotted Eagle, Aquila pomarina Br. In: Red Data Book of the PR of Bulgaria, 2. Animals]: 78 - 79 (in Bulgarian). NANKINOV D. 1987. Species composition of the breeding ornithofauna in mountain resort “Vasil Kolarov” in Western Rhodopes. - Acta zool. bulg., 35: 65 - 77. (In Bulgarian). NANKINOV D., S. SIMEONOV, T. MICHEV, B. IVANOV. 1997. Fauna of Bulgaria, 26, Aves part II. - BAS, 427 p. (in Bulgarian, Engl. summ.) NIKOLOV B., I. HRISTOV, P. SHURULINKOV, I. NIKOLOV, A. ROGEV, A. DUTSOV, R. STANCHEV. 2001. New data on some poorly studied forest species of owls (Strix uralensis, Glaucidium passerinum, Aegolius funereus) in Bulgaria. - Forest science, 1-2: 75-85. PATEV P. 1950. [Birds of Bulgaria]., S., BAS, 364 p. (in Bulgarian). PETROV Ts. 1988a. Ornithocenological research on Dobrostan Ridge (Western Rhodopes) - Proceedings of Mus. South Bulgaria, 14: 25 - 45 (in Bulgarian). PETROV Ts. 1988b. Contribution to the ornithofauna of Rhodopes mountain. - Proceedings of Mus. South Bulgaria, 14: 47-50 (in Bulgarian). PETROV Ts. 1989. The birds of Dobrostan Ridge and its surroundings (Western Rhodopes). I - Proceedings of Mus. South Bulgaria, 15: 59 - 72 (in Bulgarian). PETROV Ts. 1990. The birds of Dobrostan Ridge and its surroundings (Western Rhodopes).II- Proceedings of Mus. South Bulgaria, 16: 25 - 29 (in Bulgarian). PETROV Ts. 2002. [Expert report on the project: Assessment of the existing species diversity of the birds in the Western Rhodopes Mountains]. Sofia, 21 pp. (in Bulgarian). PETROV Ts., T. MICHEV.1986. Upon defining the conservation status of birds according to their frequency and abundance. - Bull. Mus. South. Bulgaria, 12: 43 – 48 (in Bulgarian). PETROV Ts., T. MICHEV, 1989. Research on the ornithofauna of Rock-phenomenon Karadzhov kamak and its surroundings (Western Rhodopes). - Proceedings of Mus. South Bulgaria, 15: 73 - 78 (in Bulgarian). PETROV T., P. IANKOV, R. KOLTCHAKOV, T. MICHEV, L. PROFIROV, K. NIAGOLOV. 1995. Numbers, Distribution and Preservation of the Peregrine (Falco peregrinus) in Bulgaria. - Bull. Mus. South. Bulgaria, 21: 17 - 22. RED DATA BOOK OF BULGARIA. 1985. 2. Animals, Sofia, 183 pp. (in Bulgarian). REISER O. 1894. Materialen zu einer Ornis balcanica II, Bulgarien. - Wien, In Commission bei Carl Gerold’s Sohn, 204 p. REISER O. 1905. Ornis balcanica III. - Griechenland und die Griechischen Inseln (Mit Ausnahme von Kreta). Wien. SIMEONOV S. 1971. [Ornithocenological research on Pirin mountain. Thesis] S., Faculty of Biology, 194 p. (in Bulgarian). SIMEONOV S., T. MICHEV, D. NANKINOV. 1990. The Fauna of Bulgaria, vol. 20, Aves. Part I. Publ. House of BAS, S., 350 pp. (in Bulg., Engl. summ.). SPIRIDONOV Zh. 1985. White-backed Woodpecker (Dendrocopos leucotos lilfordi). B: Red Book of PR of Bulgaria, 2, Animals, 126 - 127 (in Bulgarian) VELEV K. 1995. Rustic Bunting (Emberiza rustica). – Neophron, 1: 6. VOOUS K. 1960. Atlas of European Birds, Edinbourgh, Nelson, 284 p.
Birds Authors’ addresses: Tseno Petrov BSPB/ BirdLife Bulgaria Natural Science Museum 34 Khristo G. Danov 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria e-mail:
[email protected] Georgi Popgeorgiev BSPB/ BirdLife Bulgaria 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria P.O.Box 562 e-mail:
[email protected] Kalin Velev BSPB/ BirdLife Bulgaria 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria P.O.Box 562 e-mail:
[email protected] Dimitar Plachiyski BSPB/ BirdLife Bulgaria 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria P.O.Box 562 e-mail:
[email protected] Dimitar Demerdzhiev BSPB/ BirdLife Bulgaria P.O.Box 562 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria e-mail:
[email protected]; www.bspb.org Lyubomir Profirov Bulgarian Biodiversity Foundation 75 Sredna Gora St. 1303 Sofia, Bulgaria e-mail:
[email protected] htpp://bbf.biodiversity.bg Kamelia Dimitrova BSPB/ BirdLife Bulgaria 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria P.O. Box 562 e-mail:
[email protected]
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Птиците на Западните Родопи (България и Гърция) Цено ПЕТРОВ, Димитър ДЕМЕРДЖИЕВ, Георги ПОПГЕОРГИЕВ, Любомир ПРОФИРОВ, Калин ВЕЛЕВ, Камелия ДИМИТРОВА, Димитър ПЛАЧИЙСКИ (Р е з ю м е) В резултат на изследванията на орнитофауната в Западни Родопи от 1979 до 2005 година, както и от библиографската справка от 1890 година до наши дни, са установени 247 вида птици от 11 разреда. Въз основа на личните проучвания на авторите, както и на данните от Банката за орнитологична информация на Българско дружество за защита на птиците (БДЗП), за пръв път е направен опит да се даде оценка за размера на популацията на всеки един от гнездящите видове, както и заеманата от тях площ. Съгласно приетата методика, като критично застрашени от изчезване (CR) от Западни Родопи са констатирани 9 вида, застрашени (EN) - 10 вида, уязвими (VU) - 34 вида, почти застрашени (NT) - 25 вида и слабо засегнати (LC) са 84 вида. Общо в българската и гръцката част на Западни Родопи са регистрирани 162 гнездящи вида, от които 93 вида са постоянни и 71 вида са гнездящо-прелетни. Необходимо е да се поясни, че сборът от постоянните и прелетните видове е с 2 вида повече, тъй като сезонният статус на някои от видовете в българската и гръцката част е различен. Петдесет и осем вида са мигриращи, 13 вида са зимуващи, 11 вида са скитащи, а 4 вида са изчезнали като гнездящи в Западни Родопи. Седем от установените видове попадат в Световния Червен Списък на IUCN (2004), 18 са включени в Европейския Червен Списък на IUCN, 74 са със статус намаляващи и 7 - с рядък. Шестдесет и два вида са включени в Червената Книга на България (1985), а 43 вида са с различна степен на застрашеност и попадат в Червената Книга на Гърция (1992). Проследена е зоогеографската принадлежност на установените видове. Около 100 вида птици са консервационно значими за Западни Родопи и разпространението им очертава границите на бъдещите шест орнитологично важни места в българската част на изследвания район. Обобщените данни за тях ще подпомогнат експертите при вземане на решения за природозащитния статут на района.
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Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Small mammals (Insectivora, Rodentia and Lagomorpha) of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece)
SIRMA ZIDAROVA
Zidarova S. 2006. Small mammals (Insectivora, Rodentia and Lagomorpha) of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). - In: Beron P. (ed) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 949-958. Abstract. A review of the research on small mammals in the Western Rhodopes, based on published data, was made. The distribution, main habitat preferences, abundance and zoogeographic characterization of the small mammals were summarized and discussed. Eight insectivorous, twenty one rodent, and one lagomorph species are known to occur in the region. The comparatively high species diversity is due to the specific climatic conditions (milder and relatively humid climate, Mediterranean influence along the Mesta river valley), altitudinal gradient, as well as to various and relatively well preserved habitats. A preliminary conservation assessment was made, as were recommendations for future management of small mammal populations in the region. Key words: Mammalia, small mammals, Western Rhodopes, Bulgaria, Greece, conservation
Introduction The territory of the Western Rhodopes belongs to two climatic regions: a transitional one, between temperate continental and continental-Mediterranean, and continentalMediterranean one (VELEV, 1997). The area is characterized by milder climate in comparison with other mountain territories in Bulgaria. The climatic conditions, varied relief and altitudinal gradient determine a diversity of habitats, which forms the basis for a high species diversity of small mammal fauna in the area. The geographical location of the mountain also rouses zoogeographic interest. The micromamalian fauna in the Bulgarian part of the Western Rhodopes is relatively well known. Faunistic, taxonomic and ecological investigations are available. Data on the species composition, distribution and habitat preferences of the small mammals are found mainly in the works of MITEV (1973), PESHEV & ANGELOVA (1967), ATANASOV at al. (1982) and VOHRALIK (1985). Long-term ecological studies in the area of the Beglika reserve (an area falling within the centre of the region under consideration) are made by ATANASOV (1987).
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On the other hand, the Greek part of the mountain has not been subject to detailed research. The only data on the small mammals in the area and its adjacent territories can be found in the works of VOHRALIK (1992) and VOHRALIK & SOFIANIDOU (1987). Some, though scarce, information is also given by ONDRIAS (1966). The aim of the present work is to generalize the published data on the species composition, distribution and habitat preference of small mammals in the Western Rhodopes and to evaluate the conservation significance of the area.
Species composition, distribution and habitat preferences Insectivora Erinaceidae The family is represented by the eastern hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor). The species inhabits various habitats, natural as well as anthropogenically influenced, at lower altitudes of the region: cultivated lands, low-growing forests and scrublands, forest edges, syllables (PESHEV & ANGELOVA, 1967; MITEV, 1973). Talpidae From the two mole species, known to occur in Bulgaria, only the common mole (Talpa europaea) occurs in the Western Rhodopes. It is widespread in the region, mainly in wet habitats: nearby streams, uncultivated lands, pastures, meadows, orchards, scrublands, forests. It avoids sandy and rocky areas (MITEV, 1973; PESHEV & ANGELOVA, 1967; ATANASOV at al., 1982). Soricidae Seven species of shrews are distributed in Bulgaria and six of them occur in the Western Rhodopes. One of the most abundant shrew species in the region is the common shrew (Sorex araneus). According to ATANASSOV at al. (1982) it is the most abundant species of micromammalia in spruce forests (Picea excelsa) right after Clethrionomys glareolus. It is most typical for parts of the mountain with higher altitude (above 1100 m) and it occurs in woods as well as in scrublands, field boundaries, syllables and along streams (MITEV, 1973; PESHEV & ANGELOVA, 1967; VOHRALIK, 1985). Although the pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus) inhabits a wider range of habitats in comparison with the common shrew (PESHEV et al., 2004), it prefers higher altitudes too. The species is more abundant in high mountain coniferous woods (MITEV, 1973), since this type of habitat conforms with its requirements for high humidity. According to a pitfall trapping survey in several habitats in the surroundings of Kastrakli reserve at an altitude of 1000 m (PESHEV et al. 2004, Table 5), the pygmy shrew is the dominant small mammal, followed by the common vole and the common shrew. It is possible that the high relative abundance of S. minutus revealed by this study is due to the survey method, which is more effective for capturing shrews rather than rodents. The genus Neomys is represented by two species – the northern water shrew (N. fodiens) and Miller’s water shrew (N. anomalus). Both species occur along river banks, mountain brooks, lakes and irrigation canals (MITEV, 1973). As a species with a higher
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ecological plasticity Neomys anomalus occurs also in wet habitats at some distance from water basins (PESHEV et al., 2004). MITEV (1973) recorded Miller’s water shrew only at lower altitudes - in the periphery of the Western Rhodopes (200 – 400m a. s. l.), while N. fodiens was found at higher altitudes (1500-1700m a. s. l.). On the other hand, PESHEV et al. (2004, Table 5) provided data on co-occurrence of both species at ca. 1000m a.s.l. in the area of the reserve of Kastrakli. This corresponds with the data on the distribution of the two species in the other parts of the country (PESHEV et al., 2004). The lesser white-toothed shrew (Crocidura suaveolens) has a scattered distribution, mainly in lower parts of the region. A few specimens are reported for higher altitudes (PESHEV et al., 2004). The bicoloured white-toothed shrew (Crocidura leucodon) is a common species in lower parts of the mountain, but according to VOHRALIK (1985) it occurs up to about 1500m. Both Crocidurinae species inhabit predominantly grasslands, edges of scrublands and forests, syllables, and areas along brooks (PESHEV & ANGELOVA, 1967; MITEV, 1973). Data on the composition of shrew species in the Greek part of the Rhodope Mts. are found in the work of VOHRALIK (1992). He has collected Sorex araneus and Crocidura leucodon in the vicinity of the village of Leivaditis, in a stream valley at an altitude of 1150 m. Rodentia Sciuridae The red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) is widespread in the Western Rhodopes, both in Bulgarian and Greek parts. It is a common species in woods of spruce (Picea excelsa), pine (Pinus sp.), pine spruce (Abies alba) and oak (Quercus sp.) (MITEV, 1973; ONDRIAS, 1966). The European souslik (Spermophilus citellus) has an extremely limited distribution in the region. The greater part of the mountain is covered with woods, so a few areas offer suitable ecological conditions for this open country dweller. The species is only known from a few closely situated localities near the villages of Hrabrino and Parvenets, and Bryanovshtitsa Hut, at the northern foots of the mountain (MITEV, 1973). The nearest colonies of the souslik are known from the Eastern Rhodopes (near Studen kladenec Dam), Thracian Plane (the region of Pazardjik and Plovdiv), Besaparski hills and Rila mountain (near Belmeken Hut) (PASPALEV & PESHEV, 1957; MARKOV, 1957; MINKOVA, 2004). Therefore, the possibility of existence of other small colonies of the species in suitable habitats (meadows in river valleys and mountain pastures) in the Western Rhodopes cannot be excluded. Taking into account the high conservation status of the species in Bulgaria as well as throughout the whole of its range, further research on the distribution of the souslik in the region is needed. IUCN – The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species; Bern Convention – Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats,adopted by the Council of Europe in 1998: Appendix II – strictly protected fauna species, Appendix III – protected species; Directive 92/43/EU – Recommendation No. 43 on the conservation of threatened mammals in Europe (1995) and its Amendment (1996) adopted by the Standing Committee of the Council of Europe; Annex II – species whose conservation requires
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the designation of special areas of conservation, Annex IV – species of community interest in need of strict protection; Biodiversity 2002 – Biodiversity Protection Act (State Gazette, No. 77 from 9 August 2002), Appendix 3 – protected species on the territory of Bulgaria. Gliridae The family is represented by three species in the fauna of the Western Rhodopes: the fat dormouse (Glis glis), forest dormouse (Dryomys nitedula), and common dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius). All of them are common and widespread in the region. Glis glis and Dryomys nitedula occur from the lowest parts of the mountain up to the upper tree line. The fat dormouse is abundant in deciduous forests (especially in beech forests) and the forest dormouse is typical for woods (deciduous and coniferous), but both species can be found in a number of other habitats in the region, such as forest edges, orchards, scrublands and rocks (VOHRALIK, 1985; MITEV, 1973; PESHEV & MITEV, 1979). Glis glis often settles in buildings. PESHEV & MITEV (1979) have reported Dryomys nitedula from localities up to 1850 m above s.l. MITEV (1973) has not found the common dormouse below 1200m a. s. l. In Bulgaria the species inhabits mesophilous forests as well as scrublands in subalpine belt (PESHEV et. al., 2004). There are not any concrete data for the Greek Rhodopes, but the general distribution of G. glis and D. nitedula in the Balkan peninsula (ONDRIAS, 1966) includes the region. Muridae According to the available literature data the most common rodent species in the region are two species of wood mice, belonging to the genus Sylvaemus (traditionally Sylvaemus is considered a subgenus of the genus Apodemus), the yellow-necked mouse (Sylvaemus flavicollis) and wood mouse (S. sylvaticus) (VOHRALIK, 1985; PESHEV & ANGELOVA, 1967; MITEV, 1973). According to MITEV (1973) and PESHEV & ANGELOVA (1967) the most abundant rodent species in all habitats in the Western Rhodopes is Sylvaemus sylvaticus. Taking into account the data on the distribution of the two Sylvaemus species in Bulgaria (PESHEV et. al., 2004) and their difficult discrimination, we suppose that this statement results from a wrong differentiation between the two species. While S. sylvaticus occurs predominantly in lower parts of the country, the distribution of S. flavicollis ranges from 0 up to more than 2000m above sea level, being the dominant species in most cases (PESHEV et. al., 2004). There are no indications the situation is different in the Western Rhodopes. For instance, the long-term ecological studies in the area of Beglika in the coniferous zone of the mountain made by ATANASOV (1987) did not reveal occurrence of S. sylvaticus. . On the other hand, in most cases the yellow-necked mouse is very abundant, being less numerous than the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) only (ATANASOV, 1987). Nevertheless the literature data (MITEV, 1973; PESHEV & ANGELOVA, 1967; PESHEV et al., 2004) undoubtedly show that Sylvaemus spp. are the most widespread rodent species in the Western Rhodopes, being abundant in most habitats. The rock mouse (Sylvaemus mystacinus) is a Mediterranean rodent species, found in the Mesta river valley, but the record is from the slopes of Pirin mountain (MARKOV, 1962). Nevertheless, the close location and similar climatic conditions and habitats on
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the slopes of Rhodopes allow us to assume that the distribution of the species includes south-western parts of the mountain. The striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) is distributed predominantly at lower altitudes near the northern foothills of the mountain – river banks, cultivated lands, low-growing forests and scrublands (MITEV, 1973). The harvest mouse (Micromys minutus), which is typical for lower parts of the country, has been reported from the northern foothills of the Western Rhodopes. The species inhabits the dikes of the irrigation canals (MITEV, 1973). Another member of the family is the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus), which inhabits towns and villages mainly (PESHEV & ANGELOVA, 1967; MITEV, 1973). The Balkan short-tail mouse (Mus macedonicus), whose distribution on the Balkan Peninsula is restricted to regions with Mediterranean and Submediterranean climate, invades the lower south-western slopes of the Western Rhodopes and the Mesta river valley. The species is recorded in this area by MARKOV (1962) and reported under the name Mus musculus hispanicus. The two species of rats, the black rat (Rattus rattus) and the common rat (Rattus norvegicus), are widespread in the region. They inhabit settlements mainly, but occur in natural habitats too, especially in summer (PASPALEV & MARKOV, 1962; MITEV, 1973; PESHEV & ANGELOVA, 1967). VOHRALIK & SOFIANIDOU (1987) and VOHRALIK (1992) have collected S. flavicollis and S. mystacinus at higher (1150m) and S. sylvaticus at lower (in Mesta river valley) altitudes in the Greek Rhodopes. Mus sp. has been found in the Mesta river valley by VOHRALIK & SOFIANIDOU (1987) and described as Mus abbotti. This name is currently recognized as a younger synonym of Mus macedonicus (AUFFRAY et al., 1990). Arvicolidae Five species of voles represent the family in the region. According to ATANASOV (1987) the dominant small mammal species in the coniferous forests is the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus), followed by the yellow-necked mouse, and the common pine vole (Microtus subterraneus). In his opinion the number of these rodents depends on food resources and climatic conditions, so the proportion between the three species is not constant through the years. Though the common pine vole is numerous in coniferous forests, it prefers open areas. The species inhabits also brook banks, meadows, forest edges, low-growing forests and pastures (ATANASOV et. al., 1982; PESHEV & ANGELOVA, 1967; MITEV, 1973). VOHRALIK (1992) reports S. flavicollis and M. subterraneus as the most numerous rodents in a riparian habitat in Mesta river valley. Another widespread vole species in the region is the common vole (Microtus arvalis). It dominates in mountain pastures, meadows, and cultivated fields, but occurs in thin scrubland too (ATANASOV et al., 1982; VOHRALIK, 1985; MITEV, 1973; PESHEV et al., 2004). Data on the distribution of the snow vole (Chionomys nivalis) was given by MITEV (1973) and PESHEV & ANGELOVA (1967). The species is typical for rocky habitats in higher parts of the mountain, but is distributed at lower altitudes too: in the surroundings of Teshel, Bachkovo monastery, Lacky, Perushtitsa and Krichim (PESHEV & ANGELOVA, 1967; OBUCH & BENDA, 1996).
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The water vole (Arvicola terrestris) is widely distributed along river and brook banks (VOHRALIK, 1985; MITEV, 1973; PESHEV & ANGELOVA, 1967). According to literature data four species of voles inhabit the Greek part of the Western Rhodopes (VOHRALIK, 1992; VOHRALIK & SOFIANIDOU, 1987): Clethrionomys glareolus, Microtus subterraneus, Chionomys nivalis and Microtus epiroticus. The first two species have been found at higher altitudes, while the last two are recorded at the foot of the mountain, in the Mesta river valley. This is the only report of the sibling vole (Microtus epiroticus) for the territory of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgarian and Greek parts). Spalacidae Data on the distribution of the lesser mole rat (Nannospalax leucodon), reported as Spalax leucodon, was given by MITEV (1973), who has found the species in pastures and cultivated lands. This rodent is collected also at an altitude 1200 m near the village of Dobrostan (PESHEV, 1981). Both reports are from the northern parts of the Western Rhodopes. Lagomorpha Leporidae The brown hare (Lepus capensis) is a common species throughout the country and in the Western Rhodopes in particular, inhabiting various habitats (PESHEV et al., 2004).
Discussion The list of small mammals in the Western Rhodopes includes 30 species (belonging to nine families), which is approximately 70 % of the check-list of Bulgarian small mammals (43 species). This makes the mountain and the adjacent territories one of the regions with greatest species diversity in Bulgaria. However, only a few species are rare or have a high conservation status (Table 1). The diversity of the small mammal fauna is due to the specific climatic conditions (milder climate, Mediterranean influence along the Mesta river valley), altitudinal gradient, as well as various and relatively well preserved habitats (large forests in particular). Since most of the Bulgarian small mammal species are mesophilous (PESHEV et al., 2004), the higher humidity makes the climatå of the Western Rhodopes closer to their optimum than those of the Eastern Rhodopes. This circumstance explains the lower diversity of the small mammal fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes as reported by MINKOVA (2004). The Western Rhodopes show somewhat greater species diversity (27 species, synanthropic species excluded) in comparison with other mountain regions of Bulgaria (BERON et al., 2000 a; BERON et al., 2000 b). The list of small mammals of the Rila National Park (Rila Mt.) includes 18 native species (BERON et al., 2000 b), while the micromammalian fauna of the Central Balkan National Park (Stara Planina Mt.) consists of 22 native species (BERON et al., 2000 a). Most probably the difference is a result of the greater altitudinal gradient covered by the present study and the geographical location of the area.
Small mammals
955
The small mammal fauna of the region consists of representatives of four faunal complexes, according to the classification proposed by POPOV (in press) (Fig. 1). The majority of the species (15 species or 56%) belong to the nemoral faunal complex, comprising mainly European and Palearctic faunal elements. These are thermotolerant species, associated with mesophilous broad-leaf forest of the Palearctic: S. vulgaris, M. minutus, A. agrarius, E. concolor, C. leucodon, D. nitedula, T. europaea, N. anomalus, G. glis, M. avellanarius, S. flavicollis, S. sylvaticus, M. subterraneus, and Ch. nivalis. The boreal faunal complex, embracing Eurosiberian faunal elements, is relatively well presented in the fauna of the Western Rhodopes, including 7 species: N. fodiens, S. minutus, S. araneus, C. glareolus, A. terrestris, L. capensis, and M. arvalis. The milder climatic conditions of the lower parts of the mountain slopes and the Mesta river valley enable the occurrence of three Mediterranean species (C. suaveolens, M. macedonicus and S. mystacinus). The most poorly represented faunal complex in the Western Rhodopes is the Eurasian steppe complex: only two species (S. citellus and N. leucodon) are found in the northern foots of the mountain. In general the small mammal fauna of the Western Rhodopes is dominated by European and Eurosiberian species, while Mediterranean and steppe faunal elements are rare. Being at the periphery of the ranges of several small mammal species, the Western Rhodopes are significant for biodiversity conservation. The mountain is situated at the northern border of the range of Sylvaemus mystacinus and in southern parts of the range of Talpa europaea, Sorex araneus, Neomys fodiens, Micromys minutus, Apodemus agrarius, Clethrionomys glareolus, Microtus arvalis and M. subterraneus. Although not full enough, the list of the small mammals recorded in the Greek parts of the Western Rhodopes corresponds to the Bulgarian one. As a whole the research on micromammalia in this part of Greece is insufficient and further investigations are needed. Taking into account the geographic position and climatic conditions of the southern slopes of the Western Rhodopes it could be expected more Mediterranean
Fig. 1. Zoogeographic classification of the small mammals of the Western Rhodopes. BOR - boreal faunal complex; NEM – nemoral faunal complex; MED – Mediterranean faunal complex; EUS – Eurasian steppe complex. Note: Rattus rattus, R. norvegicus and Mus musculus are discounted as not being autochthonous species. Microtus epiroticus is excluded too, because there is only one record, in the periphery of the mountain.
956
S. ZIDAVORA
species to occur at the lower altitudes of this area. The altitudinal and habitat distribution is expected to be almost the same as in the Bulgarian parts.
Conservation significance and future management measures The micromammalian fauna of the Western Rhodopes includes 16 conservation significant species. Eight of them are listed in the 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2 vulnerable, 1 near threatened, and 5 - in low risk category). Thirteen species are protected by the Bern Convention, 3 species – by the Directive 92/43/EU, and 4 species are protected on the territory of Bulgaria. Karst regions in the vicinity of the villages Trigrad, Teshel, Borino and Mugla are listed by POPOV (1993) among the most representative samples of the biodiversity of small mammals in Bulgaria. Attention must be paid also to the areas where species with limited distribution or high conservation status occur. Such localities are situated in the Mesta river valley and southern parts of the mountain (in Greece), which are important for the rock mouse, as well as the northern slopes, being important for the souslik. Although none of the species is rare or listed in the Bulgarian Red Data Book, small mammal communities form an indivisible part of the relatively preserved mountain ecosystems in the region and a basic component of the food spectrum of a number of endangered bird species (Falconiformes, Strigiformes) and carnivorous mammals. The only micromammalian relict species in the Western Rhodopes is the snow vole, which is a glacial relict (POPOV 1993). There are no real endemics in the Bulgarian small mammal fauna. Nevertheless some of the species distributed in the Western Rhodopes have small and/or spotted distribution which makes them vulnerable and calls for special attention. Such species are M. macedonicus, S. mystacinus, N. leucodon, M. nivalis, N. anomalus, and S. citellus. The main threat for the small mammal fauna in the region is the fragmentation of habitats as a result of a number of human activities (building of tourist complexes, forest cutting, urban growth, etc.). The specific ecological requirements of some species have to be taken into account. The most important threat for the European souslik is the cultivation of pasture lands and meadows. All activities leading to destruction of natural vegetation along the banks of rivers and brooks, as well as decrease of food resources as a result of pollution are a potential threat to the water shrews. Long-term monitoring on the small mammal fauna is recommended to be carried out in the future with a focus on the threatened species. For this purpose a database of species distribution needs to be made first. Some population characteristics (density, sex proportion, etc.) can be used as indicators for environmental changes.
References ATANASOV L., M. MATEVA, V. KOSTOVA. 1982. Insectivores and Rodents of “V. Kolarov” Natural Reserve and Its Vicinity (Western Rhodopes). - Ecology, 10: 72-82 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., English). ATANASOV N. 1987. Ecological characterization of rodent populations in altered by human activity ecosystems in the vicinity of the V. Kolarov Natural Reserve, the Western Rhodopes. - Jubileina Nacionalna konferencia po biologia (dokladi i saobshtenia), Sofia: 13-15 (In Bulgarian).
Small mammals
957
BERON P., V. BESHKOV, V. POPOV, M. VASSILEV, R. PANDURSKA, T. IVANOVA. 2000 a. Biodiversity of Small Vertebrates (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Mammalia – Insectivora, Chiroptera, Lagomorpha and Rodentia) in Central Balkan National Park. In: Sakalian M. (managing editor). Biological Diversity of the Central Balkan National Park. Sofia, Pensoft publ.: 363-392. BERON P., VL. BESHKOV, V. POPOV, M. VASSILEV, R. PANDURSKA, T. IVANOVA. 2000 b. Biodiversity of Small Vertebrates (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Mammalia – Insectivora, Chiroptera, Lagomorpha and Rodentia) in the Rila National Park. - In: Sakalian M. (managing editor). Biological Diversity of the Rila National Park. Sofia, Pensoft publ.: 333-360. DOYCHEV R., N. ATANASOV. 1983. Comparative ecological characterization of rodent populations in an altered and an intact ecosystems in the vicinity of the V. Kolarov Natural Reserve, the Western Rhodopes. - International symposium “Relations human-mountain ecosystem”, Project 6 of Programme MAB-UNESCO, Vol. 2: 67-74. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., English). MARKOV G. 1957. Untersuchungen über die Systematik von Citellus citellus L. – Bulletin de l’Institut zoologique de l’Académie des sciences de Bulgarie, 6: 453-490 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., German). MARKOV G. 1962. Ökologisch-faunistische Untersuchungen der Insectivora und Rodentia in den Gebieten von Petric und Goce Delcev (Südwestbulgarien). – Bulletin de l’Institut de zoologie et musée, 11: 5-30 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., German). MINKOVA T. 2004. Small mammals (Insectivora & Rodentia) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). - Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 895-906. MITEV D. 1973. Principaux endroits d’habitation et composition d’espèces des insectivores et des rongeurs dans les Rhodopes de l’ouest. – Univ. de Plovdiv, Travaux scientifiques, 11 (2): 157-164 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., French). OBUCH J., P. BENDA. 1996. Contribution on the feeding ecology of Strix aluco and Bubo bubo (Aves: Strigiformes) in southwestern Bulgaria. – Acta Soc. Zool. Bohem., 60: 43-49. ONDRIAS J. 1966. The taxonomy and geographical distribution of the rodents of Greece. – Säugetierkdl. Mitt., 14: 1-136. PASPALEFF G., G. MARKOV. 1962. Micromammalia aus den Gebieten von Petric und Goce Delcev (Südwestbulgarien) als Parasitenwirte. - In: Natural Centres of disease in the Petrich and Gotse Delchev areas, Ed. BAS, 21-32 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., German). PASPALEV G., TZ. PESHEV. 1957. Beitrag zur Ökologie des Citellus citellus L. in Bulgarien. - Izv. Pochv. Inst., 4: 175-189 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., German). PESHEV D. 1981. On the karyotypes of some populations of the mole rat (Spalax leucodon Nordmann) in Bulgaria. – Zool. Anz., 206 (1/2): 129-133. PESHEV TS., D. MITEV. 1979. On the subspecies belonging of the tree dormouse (Dryomys nitedula Pallas) from the Rhodope Mountain (Bulgaria). – Acta zool. bulg., 12: 50-64 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., English). PESHEV Z., V. ANGELOVA. 1967. Insectivora and Rodentia in the southern parts of Bulgaria. – Annuaire de l’Université de Sofia, 61, Faculté de biologie, Livre 1 Biol. (Zool.): 89-98 (In Bulgarian, summ. English). PESHEV TS., D. PESHEV, V. POPOV. 2004. Fauna Bulgarica. - Vol. 27 Mammalia, editio academica “Marin Drinov”, Sofia, 632 p. (In Bulgarian, summ. English). POPOV V. 1993. The small mammals (Insectivora, Lagomorpha, Rodentia) of Bulgaria. – In: The National Biological Diversity Conservation Strategy. Volume 1. Biodiversity Support Program, Sofia, 615-630. (In Bulgarian). POPOV V. (in press). Biogeographical and ecological spatial patterns of terrestrial mammals in Bulgaria. In: Fet, V., Popov, A. (eds.). Ecology and Biogeography of Bulgaria. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. (accepted, 2004). POPOV V., DELCHEV Hr. 1997. Formation of contemporary fauna. - In: Jordanova M., Donchev D. (editors). Geography of Bulgaria. Sofia, “Prof. Marin Drinov” Acad. Publ. House, 310-316. VELEV ST. 1997. Climatic regioning. - In: Jordanova M., Donchev D. (editors). Geography of Bulgaria. Sofia, “Prof. Marin Drinov” Acad. Publ. House, 127-130. VOHRALIK V., SOFIANIDOU Th. 1987. Small mammals (Insectivora, Rodentia) of Macedonia, Greece. – Acta. Univ. Carolinae, Biologica, 1985: 319-354. VOHRALIK V. 1992. Small mammals (Insectivora, Rodentia) of Thrace, Greece. - Acta Univ. Carolinae, Biologica, 36: 341-369. VOHRALIK V. 1985. Notes on the distribution and the biology of small mammals in Bulgaria (Insectivora, Rodentia). I. – Acta Univ. Carolinae, Biologica 1981: 445-461.
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Author’s address: Sirma Zidarova Institute of Zoology – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia e-mail:
[email protected]
Дребни бозайници (Insectivora, Rodentia and Lagomorpha) от Западните Родопи (България и Гърция) Сирма ЗИДАРОВА (Р е з ю м е) Направен е преглед на изследванията върху дребните бозайници в Западните Родопи, базиращ се на литературни данни. Обобщени и дискутирани са разпространението, пространственото разпределение, съотношението и зоогеографската характеристика на видовете дребни бозайници. В района се срещат осем вида от разред Insectivora, двайсет и един вида от разр. Rodentia и 1 вид от разр. Lagomorpha. Сравнително голямото видово разнообразие се дължи на специфичните климатични условия (по-мек климат, средиземноморско влияние по долината на р. Места), на височинния градиент, както и на разнообразните и относително запазени хабитати. Направени са предварителна консервационна оценка и препоръки за бъдещото управление на популациите на дребни бозайници в района.
Macromammalia
959
Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Status of large Mammals (Macromammalia) in the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
NIKOLAI SPASSOV, GEKO SPIRIDONOV
Spassov N., G. Spiridonov. 2006. Status of large Mammals (Macromammalia) in the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria). In: Beron P. (ed) Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 959-974. Abstract. The taxonomic composition and the conservation status of the mammalian megafauna (Macromammalia) from the Bulgarian part of the Western Rhodopes are analyzed. The degree of study of the fauna, the number of species as well as their distribution and status are discussed. The negative factors that influence the fauna are also indicated. An evaluation is made of the quality of the habitats of the species of national and European conservation value. Key words: Large mammals, Bulgaria, Western Rhodopes, status, conservation
Comparative assessment of the species diversity of large Mammals in the Western Rhodopes The large Mammals (Macromammalia) do not form a taxonomic group. This concept is used for convenience only. It is accepted that here are included the orders of mammals containing mainly large animals, with biological and ecological similarities, connected with large bodies. In the Bulgarian fauna here the orders Carnivora, Artiodactyla and Cetacea are entered. The species in Bulgaria are 23, distributed among these three orders (or four, if Pinnipedia are considered a separate order); according to the modern concept Pinnipedia are considered part of the order Carnivora. For the problem of the large mammals diversity in the Western Rhodopes this issue is of no importance, moreover the monk seal is considered extinct in the 90-es of the 20-th century. Another species, extinct in Bulgaria since the middle of the 20-th century, is the European mink (Lutreola lutreola). One species, the lynx, is to be included again, after being considered extinct since the 40es of the 20-th century. This list does not feature species like the yak, the European bison, the wild sheep and other game species, for which acclimatization or reacclimatization were attempted. These species cannot live in Bulgarian nature and (or) are exotic to Bulgaria. However, the fallow deer finds place on the list (this species was reintroduced, as living on the Balkans until the Middle Ages – SPASSOV, ILIEV, 1994), and the self introduced Nyctereutes procyonoides. They are already free-living species in the present day fauna of Bulgaria (SPIRIDONOV, SPASSOV, 1998).
960
N. SPASSOV, G. SPIRIDONOV
From the 20 large land mammals, which are free living in the fauna of Bulgaria (including the lynx), 17 are present in the fauna of the Western Rhodopes, distributed among 3 orders, 7 families and 14 genera (table 1). Undoubtedly only one species does not inhabit the region, two other species are of doubtful presence. T a b l e 1. List of the species of land mammals (Macromammalia) in Bulgaria (orders and families) and their presence in the Western Rhodopes Species in Bulgaria Lagomorpha Leporidae Hare Carnivora Canidae Wolf Jackal Red Fox Racoon-like dog Ursidae Brown Bear Mustelidae Weasel Polecat Steppe Polecat Marbled polecat Pine Marten Stone Marten Badger Otter Felidae Lynx Wild cat Artiodactyla Suidae Wild boar Cervidae Red deer Fallow deer Roe deer Bovidae Chamois Mouflon *
Presence in the Western Rhodopes
- Lepus europaeus *
+
- Canis lupus - Canis aureus - Vulpes vulpes - Nyctereutes procyonoides
+ +
- Ursus arctos
+
- Mustela nivalis - Mustela putorius - Mustela eversmanni - Vormela peregusna - Martes martes - Martes foina - Meles meles - Lutra lutra
+ +
+ + + +
- Lynx lynx - Felis silvestris
+
- Sus scrofa
+
- Cervus elaphus - Dama dama - Capreolus capreolus
+ + +
- Rupicapra rupicapra - Ovis musimon**
+ +
The Lagomorpha do not belong to the category “Macromammalia”. Many taxonomists consider the name L. europaeus as synonym of L. capensis, but the recent genetic studies do not confirm this view. The hare, as well as the wild sheep (Ovis musimon), which is not living completely independently in nature, are included in the table, as they are game species of economic interest.
Macromammalia
961
Although by little, the region of the Western Rhodopes is superior to the Eastern, strongly deforested parts of the mountain. The species richness of other Bulgarian mountains in terms of large mammals is almost equal. For example, 17 species inhabit Rila and Central Stara Planina Mt. as well, 16 – each of the mountains Pirin, Strandja and Vitosha. However, two species, the bear and the chamois, are restricted to the RilaRhodopean massif and the middle part of Stara Planina, and differentiate these regions from the rest of Bulgaria, especially in terms of conservation.
Level of knowledge on the fauna. Knowledge on the species composition, distribution and number of species The species composition of large mammals in the studied region has been known for a long time. Important additions could hardly be expected. There are, however, indications for the presence of lynx in the Western Rhodopes (as well as in other parts of the country) – there are data that the skin of a lynx is preserved in the forestry department of Selishte (region of Assenovgrad). Theoretically it is possible for this species to migrate from the west (SPASSOV et al., 2001) (see above). There is no reliable information, but the racoon-like dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) could live in some lower, bushy and near water areas. There are considerable gaps in the knowledge on the distribution and especially on the biology and the number of these animals. For some of them (the polecat and others) there are few data on their present status and distribution. The data on the distribution and the number of the species of conservation importance like Vormela peregusna are scarce and the status of some other like Martes martes, Lutra lutra and Felis silvestris could change rapidly (SPIRIDONOV, SPASSOV, 1989; SPASSOV, SPIRIDONOV, 1993; GRIGOROV, 1987; inquiry of the forestry departments, 1988/1989). The number of Rupicapra rupicapra also changes rapidly, which depends strongly of human activities (SPIRIDONOV, GENOV, 1987). For this species there is relatively reliable official information every year. For these and for another nine species (two of them of conservation importance), we have attached data from the game taxation for the period
3299 3300 3300 3300 3137
Bear
Wolf
Wild cat
Fox
Hare
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Wild boar
1 SGR Mugla
Chamois
3
Mouflon
1 2
Surface (ha)
Roe deer
Year
Fallow deer
No SF/SGR
Red deer
T a b l e 2. Number of the studied species in Western Rhodopes according to the data from taxation in the game regions in 1997-2001
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
15
8 10 9 7 10
31 35 38 46 33
6 10 18 15 0
16 16 15 26 12
1 1 2 3 1
3 3 3 2 0
35 95 40 60 35 110 40 40 10 43
962
N. SPASSOV, G. SPIRIDONOV
1 2 2 SF Garmen
3
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 3 SF 1997 Selishte 1998 1999 2000 2001 4 SF 1997 Dospat 1998 1999 2000 2001 5 SF 1997 Shiroka 1998 polyana 1999 2000 2001 6 SF 1997 Chehlyovo 1998 1999 2000 2001 7 SGR 1997 Chepino 1998 1999 2000 2001 8 SGR 1997 Beglika 1998 1999 2000 2001 9 SGR 1997 Borovo 1998 1999 2000 2001 10 SF 1997 Rodopi 1998 1999 2000 2001 11 SF 1997 Batak 1998 1999
4
5
6
17972 17928 17470 17471 9830 15035 15052 15052 15057 14965 10585 6181 6659 12731 5092 11430 11430 11430 11444 10989 14376 14376 14376 14376 9800
5 4 0 7 3 17 8 7 10 7 6 3 10 5 10 63 40 31 34 40 67 45 33 57 8
246 51 27 106 109 152 162 150 165 176 97 52 45 74 45 125 88 84 72 82 147 137 150 150 102
13340 12060 12060 12060 12000 12060 13179 12575 12575 13595 12995 7722 7722 7535 7720 7720 6997 6997 6877
98 40 37 26 31 46 138 96 127 143 134 47 34 28 26 29 10 10 7
205 52 50 44 46 64 176 156 173 219 204 78 66 71 77 88 46 35 32
7
34 7 21 32 22
8
9
10
11
25 119 0 26 0 7 0 59 0 58 42 51 50 68 89 143 89 101 146 83 57 91 25 58 30 54 31 46 60 58 146 114 92 101 3 57
5 0 0 1 2 4 4 4 5 5 4 2 4 2 1 9 12 7 13 13 7 4 4 4 2
15 5 0 2 1 14 6 11 1 8 5 3 6 6 4 10 8 6 11 3 5 5 3 0 1
68 116 39 35 21 27 47 157 68 130 37 127 27 157 49 140 38 28 87 22 85 21 58 21 94 24 118 40 32 25
11 0 0 1 1 2 8 9 9 10 7 7 5 5 5 7 4 5 5
10 7 5 5 5 2 6 9 12 14 8 7 3 0 0 3 5 5 3
12
13
15
43 23 0 12 16 111 90 55 0 3 50 20 30 80 38 46 52 25 0 3 23 30 35 0 0
98 17 18 138 212 175 150 95 0 0 150 70 142 130 56 44 60 35 0 0 0 50 50 0 0
3 310 12 0 15 30 15 30 0 0 8 0 43 63 45 70 35 60 0 0 5 0 44 0 25 20 25 20 0 0 8 0 36 75 33 70 35 75
Macromammalia 1 2
12 SF Rakitovo
13 SF Velingrad
14 SF Peshtera
15 SF Krichim
16 SF Devin
17 SF Mihalkovo
18 SF Hvoyna
19 SF Chepelare
20 SF Slaveyno
3 2000 2001 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
4 6997 6997 7516 7576 7576 9046 4690 10779 10779 10718 8656 6000 9542 9542 8861 8861 8861 5136 5136 5136 7308 7308 1840 1840 3013 1173
5
6
9 9 62 57 41 50 15 100 91 82 66 3 5 5 9 6 8 18 16 19 19 19 14 15 15 5
30 32 107 125 83 103 20 235 174 174 121 32 31 52 60 47 50 73 150 100 92 87 27 28 53 24
7000 7000 7000 7000 5668 4750 4733 4733 5348 5348
43 35 34 52 65
73 68 57 45 45 55 52 64 83 104
1012 1012 1012 1850 2684
2 2 2 3 2
7 8 7 10 30
7
8
10 10 17 14 0 58 50 61 38 0 5 8 3 3 5 35 20 18 16 14
8 10 20 24 37
9
10
11
20 22 98 101 86 77 26 262 176 150 102 27 28 34 46 44 48 65 15 43 38 38 19 20 30 10
4 0 12 14 14 7 5 11 9 9 4 2 6 7 9 9 9 7 5 7 7 6 2 2 4 2
58 45 32 24 38 18 20 46 52 46
12 14 10 10 33
12
963
13
15
0 0 5 9 5 3 3 15 15 5 7 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 5 2 3 3 3 3 3 5
0 0 21 25 29 0 3 49 29 31 0 5 25 30 28 0 6 17 51 55 60 55 5 5 11 30
0 0 185 100 135 0 0 0 90 170 0 0 100 100 180 0 0 75 70 65 70 73 36 35 50 15
13 13 11 10 7 5 5 8 9 9
2 3 4 5 2 6 2 5 4 10
10 10 30 30 30 62 65 72 60 90
150 160 160 60 60 363 350 320 240 230
0 0 0 2 2
13 12 0 0 2
18 281 12 25 14 30 17 40 15 42
964 1 2
N. SPASSOV, G. SPIRIDONOV 3
21 SGR 1997 Kormisosh 1998 1999 2000 2001 22 SF 1997 Pamporovo 1998 1999 2000 2001 23 SF 1997 Shiroka 1998 Laka 1999 2000 2001 24 SF 1997 Smolyan 1998 1999 2000 2001 25 SF 1997 Smilyan 1998 1999 2000 2001 26 SGR 1997 Izvora 1998 1999 2000 2001 27 SF 1997 Trigrad 1998 1999 2000 2001 28 SGR 1997 Dikchan 1998 1999 2000 2001 29 SF 1997 Borino 1998 1999 2000 2001 SF – State Forestry
4 25210 25210 25247 25247 27740 6124 6124 6229 6229 1562 3000 3000 2814 2602 2517 2742 2592 2592 1505 1930 1930 1930 1930 5115 5190 5190 5190 7252 9371 3275 3275 3275 3275 2069 11118 11220 9718 9718 10938 3390 3390 3390 3390 2943
5
6
9
10
11
403 175 308 265 199 262 227 152 261 206 198 250 331 131 281 143 195 286 341 64 314 126 190 298 382 69 337 131 172 310 14 28 22 8 27 8 8 29 15 9 31 16 6 21 11 21 35 11 6 11 25 12 11 6 34 12 15 5 36 20 8 12 30 20 12 3 38 0 9 0 3 32 0 7 3 24 0 8 3 18 10 8 4 50 18 4 66 24 5 82 34 0 87 20 3 135 18 70 130 85 185 90 70 130 85 185 90 40 130 80 185 80 45 140 85 190 90 57 150 95 190 105 0 14 8 0 17 10 0 17 5 2 9 5 32 73 55 94 15 180 77 167 77 15 61 66 163 100 19 104 76 177 55 0 65 0 54 90 21 70 82 121 73 91 23 0 97 69 89 19 0 89 66 88 13 3 78 69 83 11 3 71 54 105 14 3 81
74 69 83 84 71 2 2 3 0 1 0 0 2 3 3 2 2 3 2 1 3 3 2 3 6 6 8 8 8 2 2 1 0 3 3 2 2 3 3 8 8 8 8 6
SGR – State Game Region
7
8
12
13
15
14 23 18 14 18 1 1 4 1 1 2 3 2 3 2 4
128 150 170 206 150 15 15 48 14 11 14 15 11 12 16 24
460 440 380 268 202 35 40 220 30 123 36 47 95 30 29 32
0 1 2 1 0 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 6 3 5 1 3 18 13 0 12 12 3 4 4 7 11
25 10 10 27 29 32 40 61 35 35 50 35 40 31 37 24 19 30 82 74 0 52 56 61 57 55 53 84
80 30 40 75 85 130 110 148 40 40 40 40 50 42 63 84 20 73 106 100 110 112 122 147 151 155 160 220
Macromammalia
965
1997-2001 (Table 2). There is considerable information accumulated about the bear (Ursus arctos) and the wolf (Canis lupus) (SPASSOV et al., in press.; Wilderness Fund, 2000), but it needs to be updated due to the rapid changes under human pressure.
Level of knowledge in different regions of the Western Rhodopes The different regions of the mountain are of unequal degree of study in terms of mammal fauna. The best and even studied regions are the ones containing game fauna, because of the state taxation carried out each year. Relatively less studied are the border areas, except for the study of the bear and the wolf (including the border areas), which was carried out within the fauna of another project of the Society (see Wilderness Fund, 2000; also the data from the taxation of the National Forest Department, table 3).
Species of conservation importance and their distribution in the Western Rhodopes Table 3 provides list of species and data on the degree of their conservation importance. This importance follows the scheme used by the second author for the ecological assessment of vertebrates in the management plans of the parks Central Balkan, Rila Monastery, Vitosha, and Strandja. It is based on the status of threat of the species, the size of their population (in this case in the Western Rhodopes), as well as assessment of the level of threat for the species in the region. As species of conservation importance are indicated such species for which three indices are presented. Out of 17 species of large mammals seven are classified as species of conservation importance. The European populations of Vormela peregusna are endangered everywhere. Threatened in Europe are the bear, the wolf, the wild cat, the otter and the Balkan chamois. Nationally important is also Martes martes. Of world importance are the populations of Balkan chamois and wild cat; of European importance are those of the bear, the wolf and the otter; of national importance – the populations of Martes martes and Vormela peregusna. The last one is obviously distributed at the foothills of the Western Rhodopes, as well as in some karstic massifs in the interior. At the same time the size of its population is totally unknown. The anthropogenic factors and the biological vulnerability of species pose in the Western Rhodopes the most serious threat for the pine marten and the chamois, the overall assessment of the conservation importance is the biggest for the chamois, followed by the wild cat, the bear, the wolf, and finally the pine marten and Vormela peregusna. We have to mention also the importance of special information on the status of some species (otter, Vormela peregusna, pine marten, partly the wild cat). There is ground to suppose that the “trivial” species Mustela putorius has decreased drastically in the last several decades in Bulgaria, and especially in the Western Rhodopes. The Western Rhodopes are one of the original habitations of the wolf in Bulgaria (SPIRIDONOV, SPASSOV, 1985; SPIRIDONOV, 2000). Nowadays this animal maintains a high number (Wilderness Fund Report, 2000; Nat. Dep. of Forests – taxation data for the period 1997-2001).
Red List of IUCN
Balkan
Balkan
*
* * *
*
*
* *
*
*
*
*
* *
G
‘
?G
?G
II, IV, V
II, IV IV
V
V
II, IV
II, IV V
*
*
* *
* Hunting Law? *
III III III III (as species)
II III III III III III III II II
III II
Endemic European Red Data Relict Directive Bern Protected Local, Red Lists Book T - Tertiary for Convention in WR, BG, and of P - Preglacial Habitats Bulgaria Balkan Books Bulgaria G - Glacial
* The species is of non clear status, but is protected, could get self-restaured and become important for conservation
Brown hare - Lepus europaeus Gray wolf - Canis lupus up to 1996 Golden jackal - Canis aureus Red fox – Vulpes vulpes Brown bear – Ursus arctos Weasel – Mustela nivalis European polecat – Mustela putorius European marbled polecat – Vormela peregusna peregusna VU Pine marten – Martes martes Stone marten – Martes foina Badger – Meles meles Otter – Lutra lutra VU Wild cat – Felis silvestris Lynx – Lynx lynx* Wild boar – Sus scrofa Red deer – Cervus elaphus Fallow deer – Dama dama Roe deer – Capreolus capreolus Balkan chamois – Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica Mouflon – Ovis musimon
species
T a b l e 3а. Importance for conservation of the large mammals (Macromammalia) in Western Rhodopes
966 N. SPASSOV, G. SPIRIDONOV
Brown hare - Lepus europaeus Gray wolf - Canis lupus Golden jackal – Canis aureus Red fox – Vulpes vulpes Brown bear – Ursus arctos Weasel – Mustela nivalis European polecat – Mustela putorius European marbled polecat Vormela peregusna peregusna Pine marten – Martes martes Stone marten – Martes foina Badger – Meles meles Otter – Lutra lutra Wild cat – Felis silvestris Lynx – Lynx lynx Wild boar – Sus scrofa Red deer – Cervus elaphus Fallow deer – Dama dama Roe deer – Capreolus capreolus Balkan chamois – Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica Mouflon – Ovis musimon
Species
3
2 1 1-2
1-2 1 0-1
2
2 1 2 1-2 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 1
1 1-2 1-2 1 1
2-3
1
1 1
1-2 2
2
1-2
2
1 3 2-3 1-2 1
1 1 1
Threats to the species in Western Rhodopes estimate from 0 to 3 scores Naturally Direct Habitat vulnerable influence change
1
2-3 2 1 1 2
1-2
2 2
1-2
0-1 2-3 1 2 1?
Species of economic importance estimate from 0 to 3 scores
I II
II
II
SITES Annexes
T a b l e 3b. Importance for conservation of the large mammals (Macromammalia) in Western Rhodopes
0
1 2 1-2 2 3 0 2 2 1 1 3
1 2 0 1 2 3? 1-2 0-2
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Populations Importancre for of importance conservation for conservation estimate from 0 to 3 scores World European National
Macromammalia 967
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N. SPASSOV, G. SPIRIDONOV
That is why this territory is one of the most important for the long-term preservation of the species in Bulgaria. Favorable conditions to that effect are offered by the extensive forest massifs and the free grazing of cattle under weak control. According to data, collected within the project of Wilderness Fund in 1999 (Wilderness Fund, 2000), in the 90s the wolf extended its distribution in the Rhodopes. Judging by the number of the killed wolves and of the inflicted damages the number of these animals is high, stable and according to the inquiry among foresters, even increasing. On the other hand, these data should be taken for reference only and some of them (Smolyan area) might even be exaggerated. The analyses of the taxation data from 1988 to 2001 shows a wolf population in the Western Rhodopes of 150-180 specimens. This indicates a normal density of the population of one wolf in 3000-4000 ha (excluding the periphery, non- populated by wolfs). Wolves feed mostly on domestic animals and they are traditionally hunted everywhere as pests. The main regulator of wolves’ number is shooting. In view of the scattered and scarce populations of wolves in Europe, the populations in the Western Rhodopes are important for the survival of the species on the continent. The jackal is also a species from the European Red Data Book. On the continent it is localized on the Balkans, where the basic habitations are in Bulgaria. This species is not particularly typical for the Western Rhodopes, as the jackal avoids extensive forest massifs (SPASSOV, 1989; DEMETER, SPASSOV, 1993). Some inquiry data, however, indicate occurrence (although sporadically) even in some interior areas of the mountain. The jackal is a species of considerable ecological plasticity, but the strong presence of wolfs is perhaps also one of the factors limiting the number of jackals. The bear population in the Rilo-Rhodopean massif is the biggest local population in Bulgaria and it numbers at least 450 specimens (SPIRIDONOV, SPASSOV, 1998; SPASSOV et al. in press). In this area about two thirds of the bears in Bulgaria are found. The Rilo-Rhodopean population is probably the most important on the Balkans and thus the most important in South Europe. This makes the Rhodopean subpopulation (about 200 bears, according to the taxation data of the National Department of Forests for 1997-2001) among the most important for the preservation of the autochthonous South European bear. This bear is genetically different from the other populations of the species in Europe (TABERLET, BOUVET, 1994). Differences exist in the habitus and the behavior of the bears. So far the problem has not been clarified from a taxonomical point of view. Most probably the South European bear is an autochthonous population (subspecies level?), a relict from glacial times. On the contrary, the northern population is a migrant from the East going back to the beginning of the Holocene (SPASSOV, 1997; SPASSOV, 2003). New data indicate (SPASSOV et al., 1999; SPASSOV, 2003) that the populations from the Western Rhodopes are in free contact with the bears in the Greek part on the Rhodopes. The number of the bears in Greece is maintained by input from the Bulgarian side. The population is connected also with the bears in Rila and Pirin and is spreading again into the Eastern Rhodopes. The question of the probable relictness of the population of Vormela peregusna is not fully clarified. Its European subspecies has, perhaps, survived the glacial period in the Balkan-Asia Minor-Transcaucasia Refugium. The extensive mountain forests and the deep snow typical for the Western Rhodopes are the least suitable habitats for this
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species. We have to take into consideration that even in the regions with high density of the species, Vormela peregusna is a relatively rare animal. Trophically connected with rodents such as the suslik and the Dobrudja hamster, attached to rocky and stony habitats, this species is probably best suited for Dobrostan karstic massif. The healthy population of Spermophilus citellus in this area would be an important indicator for stability of the predator’s population. The suslik’s population, however, has decreased (information about the last 15 years). There is scarce information on the presence of Vormela peregusna in the karst of Trigrad and Borino. The mountain environment of the Western Rhodopes is not particularly suitable for the life of the otter. Nevertheless Lutra lutra is present in the Western Rhodopes, but in low density (contrary to the station in the Eastern Rhodopes), (SPIRIDONOV, SPASSOV, 1989). In the Western Rhodopes the highest locations of otter distribution have been recorded – up to 1400 m (SPIRIDONOV, MILEVA, 1994). The inquiry data for 1988/89 are rather full for the rivers, permanently inhabited by otters. Two micropopulations of conservation importance are clearly detected: in the rivers Mesta and Vacha, their affluents and some dam lakes in the area. The number of otters, after the expert assessment of the water basins, is 10-15 animals for each of them. The counting is made on the basis of a river strip of 10 km and a strip of 5 km of lake shore for an animal (of any sex). Careful study of the species and inquiry monitoring are needed. Few data exist about the wild cat in the region. It must be mentioned that as a whole Bulgarian habitats are among the best ones for the species in Europe and Bulgaria is of special importance for the preservation of the wild cat. The habitats in the Western Rhodopes are mainly the old coniferous forests, where the density of the cat population is low. Nevertheless, the local population of the wild cat is important, taking into account the large area and the many shelters. The high gene purity is also important – only some of the answers during the forestry inquiry in 1988/89 indicate hybrids between wild and feral domestic cats. In other more accessible areas (Eastern Rhodopes), the chance of such hybridization is much higher (SPIRIDONOV, SPASSOV, 1998). Because of this and taking into account that the European subspecies is localized in Europe and Asia Minor, we can say, that the West Rhodopean population is of special importance. Because of their extensive old coniferous forests the Western Rhodopes could be categorized as the most important area for conservation of Martes martes. In Bulgaria, as also elsewhere in Europe, the pine marten is replaced by the stone marten (more plastic and favored by anthropogenic activities) (SPIRIDONOV, SPASSOV, 1998). The territory of the Western Rhodopes maintains important populations of both species of Martes. Among the large mammals in the Western Rhodopes there are (understandably) only two endemics: the weasel (Mustela nivalis galinthias – Balkan endemic or subendemic), and the chamois. The weasel of the Balkans (at least the Southern Balkans) is sometimes referred to the subspecies, described from Crete (DOUMA-PETRIDOU, ONDRIAS, 1986). The problem needs further research. Despite its probable endemism, the weasel is of no conservation importance because of its ubiquitous distribution and its ability to accommodate to different conditions. The chamois (Rupicapra r. balcanica) is an endemic Balkan subspecies and is included in the Red Data Book of Bulgaria. Its removal from the Red List of IUCN is hard to
970
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971
explain, as this subspecies is threatened by hybridization with specimens from the nominate subspecies (in Bulgaria, in ex-Yugoslavia and other Balkan countries (SPIRIDONOV, unpubl.)). In the Western Rhodopes perhaps about 50 % of the chamois population in Bulgaria live. The wars in former Yugoslavia and the troubles in Albania in recent years have most probably affected the number of Balkan chamois. This is true also for Bulgaria, due to the intensive poaching after ?1898 (SPASSOV et al., 2000a, 2000b). The distribution of the species of vertebrates, which are of conservation importance in the Western Rhodopes, is shown on a map of 1:100 000 scale. The chamois is shown on the territory inhabited by it, the otter along the rivers and in the dam lakes (where it lives permanently). The distribution of the wolf and bear, shown on the map, does not include the territories where after the taxation and other studies in the last years these species did not live or only some vagrant animals were found. The pine marten and the chamois are met in suitable habitats on the entire territory of the region, the pine marten being very rare and not living in parts of the mountain periphery. Vormela peregusna cannot be localized using the data of the state forestries.
Species of economic importance in the Western Rhodopes These species could be divided into: - Species, causing damages, thus being of negative importance for the game and forestry, the pisciculture and the rural economy. Three of these species are of high importance in terms of conservation, which implies a negative attitude towards them – the wolf, the bear and the otter. - Game species of economic importance. To the first category primarily the wolf (about the damages it causes see Wilderness Fund, Report 2000) and the jackal belong. There is information that the jackals could inflict considerable damage to the game populations, destroying the newborn calves of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and even the fallow deer (Dama dama) (SPASSOV, 1993; DEMETER, SPASSOV, 1993). The damages caused by the bear influence the game and the animal husbandry, but these damages are at least three times less important than the damages caused by wolves. The Artrodactila belong to the second category. They are of direct economic importance, bringing direct profit. Here we can mention the hare. Special attention is given to the trophy hunt and especially what concerns the wild boar. In the area of Kormisosh perhaps the best boar population in Bulgaria is found. Other species, hunted for trophies, are Cervus elaphus, Capreolus capreolus, Rupicapra rupicapra, Canis lupus and Felis silvestris (casually). Hunted for trophies are also Dama dama and Ovis musimon, but maintaining normal game population in the area is highly unlikely. The stone marten is an important fur animal, less so are the polecat, the wild cat and the badger. Taxation data for the game reserves concerning the number of specimens (especially predators) should be taken as reference.
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N. SPASSOV, G. SPIRIDONOV Threats to the large mammals in the Western Rhodopes
Two main types of negative factors influence the species of conservation importance in this region: 1. The natural vulnerability of some species in the forest mountain environment in the region: species like the jackal and the marble polecat avoid large forest massifs (the jackal also avoids the strongly uneven terrain and the deep snow). So these species cannot have high density and large distribution in the area. The otter does not find optimal conditions in the mountain rivers. 2. The anthropogenic influence (direct destruction, threats for the habitats and genetic pollution). This is a factor, which poses an actual threat to the species. The biological and the ecological vulnerability of the species in nature do not lead to fatal consequences for them. However, if real anthropogenic factors are available, they contribute to the faster deterioration of their status and to their disappearance from certain areas. The narrow specialization to a habitat and to specific food basis is typical for four of the species of conservation importance: the pine marten (inhabitant of old forests), the marble polecat (specialized to certain food and to non-forest habitats), the otter (with narrow specialization to food basis and habitat), and the wolf (whose food are mostly wild and domestic ungulates). Hunting and fishing (both legal and illegal) seriously decrease the food basis of the wolf and the otter. The wild cat and the bear also prefer the old forests. In the Rhodopes the chamois does not find the preferred alpine and subalpine habitats, as well as enough variety of rock shelters. The raptors inf luence and the concurrence also affect all seven species of conservation importance. The population of the chamois in the Rhodopes is a forest one, with possible concurrence with wild and domestic animals. The pine marten is replaced in the area of young forests and middle age forests. All these factors concern also the marble polecat (a species with limited distribution in the Rhodopes). Hybridization with domestic parents is known for the wild cat, the wild boar and the wolf. For the time being wolves have a stable population and are not subject to hybridization. As free pig breeding does not exist in the Rhodopes, no information on hybridization with wild boars exists. On the country, hybrids between domestic and wild cats have been known for many years, including the Western Rhodopes) (Forestry inquiry, 1988/89; SPIRIDONOV, SPASSOV, 1998), and contributes to the disappearance of the species throughout its areal. Genetic pollution is threatening the local subspecies of chamois. As a consequence of importing specimens of the nominate subspecies (Rupicapra rupicapra) in Kormisosh game forestry the regional population (already 170 species) is a threat to the purity of the Balkan species in the Rhodopes and eventually in the Rila-Rhodopean massif. This danger is even bigger due to the fact that the chamois in the Rhodopes represents more than 50 % of the entire Bulgarian population of the species. The direct anthropogenic factors, influencing the large mammals in the Rhodopes, have to do with hunting, and above all with poaching. The weasel is the only species practically not affected by hunting. Many species are hunted all year as permitted by law. Among them are the wolves, jackals, badgers, polecats, stone martens. Unlawful hunting (despite their statute of protected species) is done of otters, pine martens and
Macromammalia
973
bears, prohibited traps often catch marble polecats. There is mass poaching of wild ungulates, affecting the game (both predators and prey animals). Indirect negative influence should be connected with the anthropogenic changes of habitats. Young forests could be fatal for the pine marten, but it is negative also for the wild cat, the bear, the wolf and the wild boar. The decrease of the food basis for the otter is due to the water pollution and the fishing depleting the fish reserve. Water catchments also have proven negative effect on otters (SPIRIDONOV, SPASSOV, 1989).
References DEMETER A., N. SPASSOV. 1993. Canis aureus L., 1785 - Schakal. In: Handbuch der Säugetiere Europas. Aula Verlag GmbH, Wiesbaden. Band 5/I (Carnivora). DOUMA-PETRIDOU E., J. ONDRIAS. 1986. Contribution to the taxonomy and geographical distribution of the weasel Mustela nivalis on the Southern Balkan peninsula. - Säugetierk. Mitt., 33(2-3): 235-243. GRIGOROV G.R. 1987. On the number and exploitation of certain species from the Mustelidae family in Bulgaria during 1974-1983. – Gorskostopanska nauka, 2: 48-54 (in Bulg., summ. Russ., Engl.). SPASSOV N. 1989. The position of jackals in the Canis Genus and life-history of the golden jackal (Canis aureus L.) in Bulgaria and the Balkans. - Historia naturalis bulgarica, 1: 44 - 56. SPASSOV N. 1993. [The Jackal]. - Åkokurier, 3(4): 40-41 (in Bulgarian). SPASSOV N. 1997. Evidences for a late pleistocene isolation and a separate taxonomic status of the Mediterranean brown bear and the conservation value of the Balkan bear population. - Historia naturalis bulgarica. Sofia, 7: 109 - 113. SPASSOV N. 2003. The Brown Bear in the southern Balkans. In: Kryštufek, B., B. Flajsman, Huw Griffiths (eds.). Chapter 9. Living with Bears, A large European carnivore in a shrinking world. Ekoforum, Ljubljana, pp. 229-244. SPASSOV N., K. GEORGIEV, V. IVANOV (in press). Status of the Brown Bear along the Bulgarian-Greek border. - Glasnik Prirodnjackog Muzeja u Beogradu. Beograd. SPASSOV N., K. GEORGIEV, V. IVANOV, P. STOEV. 1999. Study on the potential ecological corridors between the local populations of the brown bear in Bulgaria. - Historia naturalis bulgarica, 10: 133-146. SPASSOV N., K. GEORGIEV., G. SPIRIDONOV. 2001. Brief notes on the status and problems of the lynx in Bulgaria. In: C. Breitenmoser-Wursten and U. Breitenmoser (Eds.) The Balkan lynx population – History, Recent Knowledge on its Status and Concervation Needs. Kora Bericht. Muri, 7: 26-27. SPASSOV N., N. ILIEV. 1994. Animal Remains from the Submerged Late Eneolithic - Early Bronze Age Settlement Near Sozopol (The South Black Sea Coast of Bulgaria). - Tracia Pontica, 6: 1-30. SPASSOV N., H. MIKHAILOV, K. GEORGIEV, V. IVANOV. 2000. Status of the Large Mammals in the Rila National Park. In: Biological Diversity of the Rila National Park, 649 p., USAID. PENSOFT, Sofia p. 389 - 428. SPASSOV N., N. NINOV, R. GUNCHEV, K. GEORGIEV. V. IVANOV. 2000. Status of the Large Mammals in the Central Balkan National Park. In: Biological Diversity of the Central Balkan National Park, 616 p., USAID. PENSOFT, Sofia p. 425 - 490. SPASSOV N., G. SPIRIDONOV. 1993. Vormela peregusna Gueld., 1770 - Tigeriltiss. In: Handbuch der Säugetiere Europas. Aula Verlag GmbH, Wiesbaden. Band 5/II (Carnivora). SPIRIDONOV G. 2000. [Map “Spreading of the wolf population in Bulgaria after forbiding the poisonous baits at the beginning of 1970”] In: The Green Gold of Bulgaria. USAID, Sofia, p. 83 (in Bulgarian). SPIRIDONOV G., P. GENOV. 1997. Bulgaria. In: (D. Shackleton, ed.). Wild Sheep and Goats and their Relatives. IUCN/SSC. Caprinae Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, pp. 86-89. SPIRIDONOV G., L. MILEVA. 1994. The status of the otter in Bulgaria. In: Seminar on the conservation of the Europaean otter (Lutra lutra). Leeuwarden, The Netherlands, 7-11 June, 1994. Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats. Council of Europe. Strasbourg, 69-72. SPIRIDONOV G., N. SPASSOV. 1989. The otter (Lutra lutra L, 1785) in Bulgaria, its state and conservation. Historia naturalis bulgarica, 1: 57-64.
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SPIRIDONOV G., N. SPASSOV. 1998. Large mammals (Macromammalia) of Bulgaria. In: Bulgaria’s Biological Diversity: Conservation and Status Needs Assessment. Vol. I and II. (C. Meine, ed.). Washington D. C.: Biodiversity Support Programm. ISBN: 1-887531-21-1. pp 467 - 483. (Bulgarian version - 1993). SPIRIDONOV G., N. SPASSOV. 1990. Status of the bear (Ursus arctos L.) in Bulgaria. In: Bear status report from Europe. Aquilo. Ser. Zool., 27: 71 - 75. SPIRIDONOV G., N. SPASSOV. 2005. Species richness of the Bulgarian mammal fauna and directions for its conservation. – In: Petrova, A.(ed.) Current state of Bulgarian biodiversity – problems and perspectives. Bulgarian Bioplatform, Sofia: 313-324. TABERLET P., J. BOUVET. 1994. Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism, phylogeography, and conservation genetics of the brown bear (Ursus arctos) in Europe. - Proc. R. Soc. Lond., 255: 195 - 200. WILDERNESS FUND, BULGARIA Final Report, 2000. “Integrated Preservation of the Balkan Wolf Population by Diminishing of the Human-Carnivore Conflict and Alterning the Attitudes towards the wolf”. Project, sponsored by REC - Budapest (N. Spassov - team leader). Addresses of the authors: National Museum of Natural History Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Bld. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
Състояние на едрите бозайници (Macromammalia) в Западните Родопи, България
Николай СПАСОВ, Жеко СПИРИДОНОВ (Р е з ю м е)
От известните 20 вида свободно живеещи диви сухоземни едри бозайници в България 17 са представени във фауната на Западните Родопи. Броят на видовете в Западните Родопи е малко по-голям от този в източната част на планината, но като цяло българските планини не се различават много по видово богатство на едри бозайници. Измежду едрите позайници по-добре е познат статусът на ловните чифтокопитни и на едрите хищници (вълк, мечка). Видове и подвидове с висока консервационна стойност в европейски мащаб са пъстрият пор, мечката, вълкът, дивата котка, видрата, балканската дива коза, а в национален мащаб – и златката. Популациите и хабитатите на балканската дива коза (до 50% от числеността на вида в България), както и тези на дивата котка, са от световно значение. Прякото изтребване от бракониери, нарушаването на хабитатите и (за баканската дива коза, дивата котка и, може би за мечката през 80-те години на 20 век) също генното замърсяване на чистите популации са между важните негативни фактори, които влияят върху статуса на видовете и подвидовете.
