Baltic Connections: Archival Guide to the Maritime Relations of the Countries around the Baltic Sea (including the Netherlands), 1450–1800 (The Northern World)

Baltic Connections Volume I

The Northern World North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD Peoples, Economies and Cultures

Editors

Barbara Crawford (St. Andrews) David Kirby (London) Jon-Vidar Sigurdsson (Oslo) Ingvild Øye (Bergen) Richard W. Unger (Vancouver) Piotr Gorecki (University of California at Riverside)

VOLUME 36/I

Baltic Connections Archival Guide to the Maritime Relations of the Countries around the Baltic Sea (including the Netherlands) 1450–1800 Volume I Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany

Edited by

Lennart Bes, Edda Frankot and Hanno Brand

LEIDEN • BOSTON 2007

Cover illustration: Bird’s-eye view of the Swedish blockade of Gdansk Bay and attacking Dutch ships, May 1627, from a travel account by Abraham Boot who was part of a Dutch diplomatic mission to the Polish court at Warsaw during the Swedish-Polish war in 1627–1628. State Archives in Gdansk: “Manuscript Collection” (reference code: PL/10/1016), no. 58 This book is printed on acid-free paper. A. C.I.P. record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISSN 1569-1462 ISBN 978 90 04 16429 1 (Set) ISBN 978 90 04 16431 4 (Vol. I) Copyright 2007 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS

Vår handel och correspondens O Herre Gud Du styre så Att vi må handla med avance Och att oss alltid väl må gå Amen Please rule our merchandise and correspondence O dear Lord So that we can trade at a prot And we will always have good fortune Amen

Landsarkivet i Visby / Regional Archives in Visby: Donners affärsarkiv / archives of the Merchant House of Donner, (founded by the Lübeck-born merchant Jörgen Heinrich Donner, who moved to Sweden) no. BI: 3, letter book from 1787–1789

CONTENTS Volume I Preface ................................................................................................ Introduction ........................................................................................ Notes on the Editors ......................................................................... Subjects covered by the guide ......................................................... Baltic Connections: Changing Patterns in Seaborne Trade, c. 1450–1800 by Hanno Brand ....................................................

xxvii xxix xxxiii xxxv 1

Denmark by Erik Gøbel and Ulrich Flaskager Hansen Copenhagen • Copenhagen City Archives ...................................................... Stadsarkivet • Danish National Archives ........................................................ Statens Arkiver, Rigsarkivet • Royal Danish Library, Slotsholmen ........................................ Kongelige Bibliotek, Slotsholmen

25 26 82

Estonia by Kersti Lust, Enn Küng, Juhan Kreem et al. Tallinn • Estonian History Museum ....................................................... Eesti Ajaloomuuseum • National Library of Estonia .................................................... Eesti Rahvusraamatukogu • Tallinn City Archives .............................................................. Tallinna Linnaarhiiv • Tallinn University Academic Library ..................................... Tallinna Ülikooli Akadeemiline Raamatukogu

87 110 111 132

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Tartu • Estonian Historical Archives ................................................... Ajalooarhiiv • Tartu University Library ............................................................. Tartu Ülikooli Raamatukogu

134 259

Finland by Juhani Piilonen Hämeenlinna • Hämeenlinna Provincial Archives .............................................. Hämeenlinnan Maakunta-Arkisto Helsinki • City Archives of Helsinki .......................................................... Helsingin Kaupunginarkisto • National Archives of Finland ..................................................... Kansallisarkisto • National Library of Finland ....................................................... Kansalliskirjasto

265

278 292 305

Mikkeli • Mikkeli Provincial Archives ....................................................... Mikkelin Maakunta-Arkisto

317

Oulu • Oulu Provincial Archives ........................................................... Oulun Maakunta-Arkisto

327

Tammisaari • Tammisaari Town Archives ........................................................ Tammisaaren Kaupunginarkisto

345

Turku • Åbo Academy University Library ............................................. Åbo Akademis Bibliotek • Kaarina Church Archives ........................................................... Kaarinan Kirkonarkisto • Turku City Archives ................................................................... Turun Kaupunginarkisto

351 353 355

contents •

Turku Provincial Archives .......................................................... Turun Maakunta-Arkisto

Vaasa • Vaasa Provincial Archives .......................................................... Vaasan Maakunta-Arkisto

ix 359

374

Germany by Tatjana Niemsch (Lübeck section), various authors (other sections) Aurich • Lower Saxony State Archives – State Archives of Aurich ..... Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv – Staatsarchiv Aurich Berlin • Secret Central Archives Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation ............................................................................... Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz Bremen • Archives of the Chamber of Commerce of Bremen ................ Archiv der Handelskammer Bremen • Bremen State Archives ............................................................... Staatsarchiv Bremen

393

412

446 448

Emden • Municipal Archives Emden ........................................................ Stadtarchiv Emden

451

Flensburg • Municipal Archives Flensburg ................................................... Stadtarchiv Flensburg

454

Greifswald • Municipal Archives Greifswald ................................................. Stadtarchiv Greifswald • State Ofce for Culture and the Preservation of Monuments, State Archives Greifswald ...................................................... Landesamt für Kultur und Denkmalpege, Landesarchiv Greifswald

458

464

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Hamburg • Library of Commerce of the Hamburg Chamber of Commerce ................................................................................ Commerzbibliothek der Handelskammer Hamburg • State Archives of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg .................................................................................. Staatsarchiv der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg

475

479

Hannover • Lower Saxony State Archives – Main State Archives of Hannover ............................................................................ Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv – Hauptstaatsarchiv Hannover

497

Kiel • Municipal Archives Kiel ............................................................ Stadtarchiv Kiel

507

Lübeck • Archives of the Hanseatic Town of Lübeck ............................. Archiv der Hansestadt Lübeck

511

Neustadt in Holstein • Archives of the Superintendency Oldenburg in Holstein ........ Archiv des Kirchenkreises Oldenburg i. H.

723

Rostock • Archives of the Hanseatic Town of Rostock ............................ Archiv der Hansestadt Rostock • Rostock University Library ........................................................ Universitätsbibliothek Rostock

724 736

Schleswig • Schleswig-Holstein State Archives ............................................ Landesarchiv Schleswig-Holstein

738

Schwerin • State Ofce for Culture and the Preservation of Monuments, Main State Archives Schwerin ............................................... Landesamt für Kultur und Denkmalpege, Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin

743

xi

contents Stade • Lower Saxony State Archives – State Archives of Stade ....... Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv – Staatsarchiv Stade

748

Stralsund • Municipal Archives Stralsund .................................................... Stadtarchiv Stralsund

764

Wismar • Archives of the Hanseatic Town of Wismar ............................ Archiv der Hansestadt Wismar

769

Index .....................................................................................................

771

Volume II Latvia by Krlis Zvirgzdiš Riga • Latvia State Historical Archives ................................................ Latvijas Valsts Vstures Arhvs

787

Lithuania by Rima Cicnien, Rasa Narbutait, Leokadija Olechnovi et al. Vilnius • Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences ...................... Lietuvos Moksl Akademijos Biblioteka • Lithuanian State Historical Archives ......................................... Lietuvos Valstybs Istorijos Archyvas • Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania ................. Lietuvos Nacionalin Martyno Mažvydo Biblioteka

877 890 895

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the Netherlands by Edda Frankot and Hanno Brand Alkmaar • Regional Historical Centre Alkmaar .......................................... Regionaal Historisch Centrum Alkmaar

901

Amersfoort • Eemland Archives ....................................................................... Archief Eemland

904

Amsterdam • City Archives Amsterdam .......................................................... Stadsarchief Amsterdam

907

Arnhem • Guelders Archives ....................................................................... Gelders Archief

994

Assen • Archives of Drenthe ................................................................... 1003 Drents Archief Bergen op Zoom • Regional Historical Centre Bergen op Zoom ........................... 1008 Regionaal Historisch Centrum Bergen op Zoom Brielle • Regional Archives Voorne-Putten and Rozenburg .................... 1011 Streekarchief Voorne-Putten en Rozenburg Delft • Municipal Archives Delft ........................................................... 1012 Gemeentearchief Delft Deventer • Town Archives and Athenaeum Library Deventer ................... 1024 Stadsarchief en Athenaeumbibliotheek Deventer

contents

xiii

Dordrecht • Town Archives Dordrecht ......................................................... 1039 Stadsarchief Dordrecht Elburg • Regional Archives Northwest-Veluwe: location Elburg .......... 1060 Streekarchivariaat Noordwest-Veluwe: locatie Elburg Gouda • Regional Archives Middle-Holland .......................................... 1066 Streekarchief Midden-Holland Groningen • Groningen Archives ................................................................... 1067 Groninger Archieven Haarlem • Archives of North-Holland: location Jansstraat ....................... 1075 Noord-Hollands Archief: locatie Jansstraat • Archives of North-Holland: location Kleine Houtweg ........... 1088 Noord-Hollands Archief: locatie Kleine Houtweg Harderwijk • Regional Archives Northwest-Veluwe: location Harderwijk ... 1094 Streekarchivariaat Noordwest-Veluwe: locatie Harderwijk Harlingen • Municipal Archives Harlingen .................................................. 1100 Gemeentearchief Harlingen ’s-Hertogenbosch • Brabant Historical Information Centre ..................................... 1106 Brabants Historisch Informatie Centrum Hoorn • Westfriesian Archives ................................................................ 1107 Westfries Archief Kampen • Municipal Archives Kampen ..................................................... 1135 Gemeentearchief Kampen

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Leeuwarden • Historical Centre Leeuwarden ................................................... 1146 Historisch Centrum Leeuwarden • Tresoar, Friesian Historical and Literary Centre ..................... 1147 Tresoar, Fries Historisch en Letterkundig Centrum Leiden • Regional Historical Centre Leiden ........................................... 1195 Regionaal Historisch Centrum Leiden Maastricht • Regional Historical Centre Limburg ........................................ 1213 Regionaal Historisch Centrum Limburg Middelburg • Zeeland Archives ....................................................................... 1214 Zeeuws Archief Nijmegen • Regional Archives Nijmegen .................................................... 1258 Regionaal Archief Nijmegen Purmerend • Waterland Archives .................................................................... 1263 Waterlands Archief Roermond • Municipal Archives Roermond ................................................. 1276 Gemeentearchief Roermond Rotterdam • Municipal Archives Rotterdam ................................................. 1279 Gemeentearchief Rotterdam The Hague • National Archives of the Netherlands ...................................... 1307 Nationaal Archief Utrecht • The Utrecht Archives ................................................................ 1520 Het Utrechts Archief

contents

xv

Venlo • Municipal Archives Venlo ......................................................... 1532 Gemeentearchief Venlo Vlissingen • Municipal Archives Vlissingen ................................................. 1533 Gemeentearchief Vlissingen Workum • Municipal Archives Nijefurd ..................................................... 1558 Gemeentearchief Nijefurd Zierikzee • Municipal Archives Schouwen-Duiveland ................................ 1564 Gemeentearchief Schouwen-Duiveland Zutphen • Town and Regional Archives Zutphen ..................................... 1572 Stad- en Streekarchief Zutphen Zwolle • Historical Centre Overijssel ...................................................... 1579 Historisch Centrum Overijssel Index .................................................................................................... 1591

Volume III Poland by Stanisđaw Flis et al. Cracow • Jagiellonian Library ................................................................... 1607 Biblioteka Jagielloska Elblag • Cyprian Norwid Library in Elblag ........................................... 1612 Biblioteka Elblska im. Cypriana Norwida

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Gdansk • Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Gdansk ......... 1615 Biblioteka Gdaska Polskiej Akademii Nauk • State Archives in Gdansk .......................................................... 1629 Archiwum Pastwowe w Gdasku Olsztyn • Archives of the Archdiocese of Warmia .................................. 1755 Archiwum Archidiecezji Warmiskiej • State Archives in Olsztyn .......................................................... 1759 Archiwum Pastwowe w Olsztynie Poznan • Poznan University Library ........................................................ 1761 Biblioteka Uniwersytecka w Poznaniu • Raczynski Library—Special Collections Department .............. 1766 Biblioteka Raczyskich—Dzia Zbiorów Specjalnych • State Archives in Poznan .......................................................... 1769 Archiwum Pastwowe w Poznaniu Slupsk • Pomeranian Pedagogical Academy Library .............................. 1772 Biblioteka Pomorskiej Akademii Pedagogicznej Sopot • Library of the University of Gdansk ....................................... 1774 Biblioteka Uniwersytetu Gdaskiego Szczecin • Central Library of Szczecin University ................................... 1777 Biblioteka G ówna Uniwersytetu Szczeciskiego • Pomeranian Library ................................................................... 1779 Ksi nica Pomorska • State Archives in Szczecin ........................................................ 1785 Archiwum Pastwowe w Szczecinie Torun • Nicholas Copernicus Municipal Library .................................. 1818 Wojewódzka Biblioteka Publiczna w Toruniu—Ksi nica Kopernikaska

contents • •

xvii

State Archives in Torun ............................................................. 1823 Archiwum Pastwowe w Toruniu University Library in Torun ...................................................... 1831 Biblioteka Uniwersytetu w Toruniu

Warsaw • Central Archives of Historical Records ................................... 1837 Archiwum G ówne Akt Dawnych • National Library ......................................................................... 1857 Biblioteka Narodowa • Warsaw University Library ....................................................... 1866 Biblioteka Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego Wroclaw • Library of the Ossolinski National Institute ............................ 1874 Biblioteka Zak adu Narodowego im. Ossoliskich

Russia by Kersti Lust and Tatjana Shor St. Petersburg • Central State Historical Archives of St. Petersburg ................    

   ! ". #  $% • Russian Academy of Sciences Library ..................................... &$ a 'o  ( ) • Russian National Library .......................................................... '* )+  * &$  • Russian State Archives of the Navy ........................................ ' 

 ! 012 • Russian State Historical Archives ............................................. ' 

   ! • Science-Historical Archives of the St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences ................ ) -  ! " -#  $%%    '  ( )

1883

1907 1914 1925 1928

1932

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Sweden by Örjan Romefors et al. Gothenburg • Göteborg University Library: Manuscript Department ............ 1951 Göteborgs Universitetsbibliotek: Handskriftsavdelningen • Gothenburg Maritime Museum ................................................. 1953 Göteborgs Sjöfartsmuseum • Regional Archives in Gothenburg ............................................ 1954 Landsarkivet i Göteborg Härnösand • Regional Archives in Härnösand .............................................. 1973 Landsarkivet i Härnösand Jönköping • Göta Court of Appeal ................................................................ 1981 Göta Hovrätt Lund • Regional Archives in Lund ....................................................... 1984 Landsarkivet i Lund Malmö • Malmö City Archives ................................................................ 2008 Malmö Stadsarkiv Stockholm • Maritime Museum ...................................................................... Sjöhistoriska Museet • Military Archives of Sweden .................................................... Krigsarkivet • National Archives of Sweden ................................................... Riksarkivet • National Library of Sweden ...................................................... Kungl. Biblioteket • Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Centre for History of Science ................................................................. Kungl. Vetenskapsakademien, Centrum för Vetenskapshistoria

2015 2020 2052 2229

2233

contents •

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Stockholm City Archives .......................................................... 2234 Stockholms Stadsarkiv

Uppsala • Regional Archives in Uppsala .................................................. 2248 Landsarkivet i Uppsala • Uppsala University Library, Manuscripts and Music .............. 2254 Uppsala Universitetsbibliotek, Handskrifts- och Musikenheten Vadstena • Regional Archives in Vadstena ................................................. 2259 Landsarkivet i Vadstena Visby • Regional Archives in Visby ...................................................... 2282 Landsarkivet i Visby Index .................................................................................................... 2307

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Volume I Denmark Illustration 1. Two volumes of the Sound Toll Registers, 1734, drawn up at Helsingør (Elsinore, Denmark). Danish National Archives (Copenhagen): “Sound Toll Administration 1497–1858” (reference code: 571) ..................................................

66

Illustration 2. Sound Toll Register of 1734 (ff. 9v–10r), listing Dutch ships passing Helsingør (Denmark) on April 8. Danish National Archives (Copenhagen): “Sound Toll Administration 1497–1858” (reference code: 571) ..................................................

81

Estonia Illustration 3. Detail of a map of Saaremaa (Ösel) Island and the coastal regions of Estonia, 1704, depicting Kuressaare (Arensburg) and other ports, as well as churches, manors, pubs, mills, land and shipping routes, lighthouses, and dangerous shelves and rocks, by Philip Johan Jaquez. Estonian Historical Archives (Tartu): “Mapping Ofce of Livland Guberniya” (reference code: 308), inventory 2, no. 28 ....................................

185

Illustration 4. Plan of the town hall square in Narva (Estonia), 1693, indicating the proposed building site of a stock exchange for foreign merchants (built in the years around 1700 but never used for this purpose). Estonian Historical Archives (Tartu): “Narva Town Council” (reference code: 1646), inventory 1, no. 3556 ............................................................................................

197

Finland Illustration 5. Map of the Baltic Sea and the surrounding regions, 1532, by the Bavarian scholar Jacob Ziegler (1470–1549), who seems to have never visited northern Europe and drew the map based on a meeting with Scandinavian prelates at Rome and pure imagination. National Library of Finland (Helsinki): “A.E. Nordenskiöld Collection”, no. 313:8 ....................................

308

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list of illustrations

Illustration 6. Map of southern Sweden and Finland, printed in 1747 at Stockholm, probably based on a secret and stolen map produced by the Swedish land surveying ofce from c. 1704. National Library of Finland (Helsinki): “National Collection”, no. I 2/27 ..........................................................................................

314

Germany Illustration 7. Extract from the Brunshausen (northwest Germany) customs register, listing skippers from the Netherlands transporting snuff on the Elbe River, 1726. Lower Saxony State Archives – State Archives of Stade: “Secret Council in Hannover Concerning the Duchies of Bremen and Verden (1715–1803)” (reference code: Rep. 31), Tit. 43, no. 1a .............

754

Illustration 8. Detail of a map of the Elbe River between Hamburg and the sea, with a Dutch remonstration against Hamburg concerning free shipping on the river, 1622. Lower Saxony State Archives – State Archives of Stade: “Maps Collection”, “neu” no. 10101 ..........................................................

763

Volume II Latvia Illustration 9. View of a ship at Ventspils (Latvia), mid-17th century, by Johann Streck, symbolising the ourish of shipbuilding in the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia under Duke Jacob (1642–1682), partly with the help of Dutchmen. Latvia State Historical Archives (Riga): “Dukes of Courland Archives” (reference code: 554), inventory 1, no. 850d (5) ........

808

Illustration 10. Map of Riga, its surroundings and the Daugava River, depicting efforts to regulate the shifting course of the river. Latvia State Historical Archives (Riga): “Maps and Plans Collection” (reference code: 6828), inventory 2, no. 94 ..............

836

Illustration 11. View of the shipyard of Christoph Raawe on the Daugava River, one of the few attempts to develop shipbuilding at Riga, c. 1786, by Johann Andreas Oesen (1762–1804). Latvia State Historical Archives (Riga): no. 214–6 / 311a (17) ....................................................................

870

list of illustrations

xxiii

Lithuania Illustration 12. Privilege of Alexander, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, granting the residents of Vilnius the right to freely trade within the entire territory of Poland and exempting them from all trade duties, 1502. Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences (Vilnius): “Parchment Collection B1” (reference code: F 1), no. 35 ...............................

883

Illustration 13. Privilege of Alexander, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, permitting the construction of houses in Vilnius for merchants from abroad, 1505. Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences (Vilnius): “Parchment Collection B1” (reference code: F 1), no. 43 ...............................

887

the Netherlands Illustration 14. Sketch of a tombstone, probably for Paulus Pels, resident in Gdansk (Danzig) on behalf of the Dutch States General, who died in Gdansk in 1659. National Archives of the Netherlands (The Hague): “Boreel Family” (reference code: 1.10.10), no. 327 ................................................................... 1359 Illustration 15. Details of several maps, depicting aspects of trade in the Baltic Sea region, including commodities such as grain and fur, and a view of Stockholm, late 17th or 18th century, mostly produced by Johannes van Keulen at Amsterdam. National Archives of the Netherlands (The Hague): “Department of Marine, Sea Atlases and Maps Collection” (reference code: 4.MCAL), nos. 663, 695, 697, 701–703, 708, 709 .................................................................. 1384 Illustration 16. Letter of Tsar Peter the Great to the Dutch States General, 1697, announcing the arrival of a Russian mission in the Netherlands, which includes Peter himself travelling incognito to acquire knowledge of Dutch crafts such as shipbuilding. National Archives of the Netherlands (The Hague): “States General, 1550–1796” (reference code: 1.01.03), no. 7366 ........................................................................... 1496

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list of illustrations

Volume III Poland Illustration 17. Description and view of Stockholm, c. 1623, from a chronicle of the Polish-Swedish wars by Israell Hoppe (1626–1635). State Archives in Gdansk: “Elblag Town Manuscripts Collection” (reference code: PL/10/492), no. 654 ... 1638 Illustration 18. Agreement concluded at Lübeck in September 1557 by delegates from 63 Hanseatic towns and sealed by the representatives of the Hanseatic League districts, Lübeck, Braunschweig (Brunswick), Cologne (Köln) and Gdansk, reconrming previous obligations and rights of the League members, such as common protection of trade routes, expenses for diplomatic missions and defence against enemies. State Archives in Gdansk: “Gdansk Town Records—Privileges and Correspondence until 1525” (reference code: PL/10/ 300/D), no. 27,47 ............................................................................ 1720 Illustration 19. Swedish gunboat (part of the Swedish blockade of the harbours of Gdansk and Pillau?), 1628, from a travel account by Abraham Boot who was part of a Dutch diplomatic mission to the Polish court at Warsaw during the Polish-Swedish war in 1627–1628. State Archives in Gdansk: “Manuscript Collection” (reference code: PL/10/1016), no. 58 ........................................................................ 1737 Illustration 20. View of the Kronborg Castle at Helsingør (Elsinore, Denmark) on the Sound, 1627, from a travel account by Abraham Boot who was part of a Dutch diplomatic mission to the Polish court at Warsaw during the Swedish-Polish war in 1627–1628. State Archives in Gdansk: “Manuscript Collection” (reference code: PL/10/1016), no. 58 ........................................................................ 1739 Illustration 21. Bird’s-eye view of Pillau (Baltijsk) harbour (Kaliningrad (Königsberg) region in Russia), depicting Swedish, Dutch and Danish ships, 1627, from a travel account by Abraham Boot who was part of a Dutch diplomatic mission to the Polish court at Warsaw during the Swedish-Polish war in 1627–1628. State Archives in

list of illustrations

xxv

Gdansk: “Manuscript Collection” (reference code: PL/10/1016), no. 58 ........................................................................ 1741

Sweden Illustration 22. Account book listing taxes levied in the administrative province of the Padis monastery in Estonia, 1592. National Archives of Sweden (Stockholm): “Baltic Bailiffs’ Accounts” (reference code: SE/RA/5142), no. F 375 .... 2055 Illustration 23. Plan of Karlskrona (Sweden’s largest shipyard), 18th century, depicting the navy’s harbour and the ropewalk in the south and the customs house in east (section H). National Archives of Sweden (Stockholm): “Collection of Maps and Drawings of Unknown Provenance” (reference code: SE/RA/81001), no. 129 ........................................................ 2211 Illustration 24. Passport issued on 24 June 1698 by the mayor and council of Tallinn (Reval) to the merchant Johan Alberti, travelling rst to Stockholm and next to Hamburg and Amsterdam, with a note at the bottom stating that Alberti arrived at Vaxholm in the Stockholm archipelago six days later. Stockholm City Archives: “Governor’s Ofce” (reference code: SE/SSA/15705), no. F1 A: 2 .............................. 2236

PREFACE This archival guide is the most important result of an intensive cooperation between nine European countries: Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden and the Netherlands. This cooperation makes the project unique: never before has an archival project been initiated in the European Union in which so many countries participated. The Baltic Connections project started with workshops at The Hague and Riga in September 2005 and February 2006 respectively. Less than two years later, its objectives have been accomplished: a digital and paper guide revealing almost a thousand descriptions of archival sources kept in 127 repositories, a project website presenting information about the participants, a general history of the maritime relations between the Baltic Sea countries, and a virtual exhibition of the most attractive documents. The project will be concluded in October 2007 with the presentation of the paper version of the archival guide at the Kronborg Castle in Helsingør (Denmark), the place where the Sound Toll used to be collected from all ships sailing to and from the Baltic Sea. The Baltic Connections project focused on the historical ties between the countries around the Baltic Sea and between those countries and the Netherlands in the years 1450–1800. In 2004, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland became members of the European Union. The entry of these states should not be considered a rst encounter, but a restoration of the age-old relations between Western Europe and all Baltic Sea countries. These historical contacts are richly documented in archives scattered all over the region. The sources contain information on many aspects of the enormous Baltic maritime network, such as trade, diplomacy, migration and cultural exchanges. I have no doubt that this archival guide will be highly appreciated by researchers from all over the world and will stimulate new research based on more resources than ever before. Of course I expect that this will eventually lead to more knowledge and awareness of the project’s themes among a broad public, including young people and people with a non-professional interest in history. The Baltic Connections project was initiated and coordinated by the Nationaal Archief (National Archives of the Netherlands) and was partly nanced by the Netherlands Culture Fund, a programme of the Dutch Ministries of Foreign Affairs and of Education, Culture and Science, to

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intensify international cultural relations. Without this nancial input, the project could not have been carried out and I would like to thank both ministries for their generous support. Let me conclude by expressing my sincere gratitude to my colleagues, the directors of all participating archival organisations, for their willingness to collaborate in this project. This work is truly a result to be proud of and so is the friendly and professional way in which we worked together. Dr. Maarten W. van Boven Director of the Nationaal Archief (National Archives of the Netherlands) The Hague, August 2007

INTRODUCTION This archival guide concerns the maritime relations between the countries around the Baltic Sea (including the Netherlands) roughly between 1450 and 1800. It presents an overview of the most signicant archival sources on such topics as trade, shipping, merchants, commodities, diplomacy, nances and migration, with regard to the region’s common past. It contains almost one thousand descriptions of materials kept in more than hundred repositories in ten countries: Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Russia and Sweden. This work is the main result of the Baltic Connections project, in which, between September 2005 and August 2007, nine archival organisations in nine countries cooperated to present a common website: www.balticconnections.net, compile this archival guide, and set up a virtual exhibition of some of the most beautiful or interesting documents listed in the guide. With the exception of Russia, in all countries the materials have been described by archival organisations in those countries. In most countries, one single organisation has been responsible for the submitted descriptions and has nancially contributed to the project: Danish National Archives / Rigsarkivet (Copenhagen) Estonian Historical Archives / Ajalooarhiiv (Tartu) Latvia State Historical Archives / Latvijas Valsts Vstures Arhvs (Riga) Lithuanian Archives Department / Lietuvos Archyv Departamentas (Vilnius) • Lower Saxony State Archives / Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (Hannover) • National Archives of Finland / Kansallisarkisto / Riksarkivet (Helsinki) • National Archives of the Netherlands / Nationaal Archief (The Hague) • National Archives of Sweden / Riksarkivet (Stockholm) • State Archives in Gdansk / Archiwum Pastwowe w Gdasku (Gdansk)

• • • •

The Baltic Connections project has been initiated and coordinated by the National Archives of the Netherlands, and partly nanced by the Netherlands Culture Fund (HGIS), a programme set up by the Dutch Ministries of Foreign Affairs and of Education, Culture and Science, with the aim to intensify international cultural relations. To be exact, this guide consists of 982 descriptions of archival sources kept in 127 repositories. Each description covers one record group (archives

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or collection) and begins with information about the record group as a whole (reference code, period, size and general abstract). Next, it focuses on those documents that pertain to the Baltic Sea region, listing their contents, period, countries involved and languages used. Finally, when applicable or relevant, information on accessibility, custodial history, record creator, visually attractive documents, copies, related archival materials and publications is given. The descriptions are arranged alphabetically, rst per country, then per location of the repository (place name), the repository itself, and the record group (always on the English names). The guide is also available online at the website: www.balticconnections.net, where it offers many more search possibilities than a paper version can offer. For a survey of the topical criteria according to which archival materials have been included in the guide, see the list at the end of this introduction. Obviously, this guide is not exhaustive. It is impossible to include all relevant materials kept in ten countries concerning such a multi-faceted subject over 350 years. In every country, the participating organisations have made their own selection of the most important sources to be described. Only in Russia no partner could be found capable of covering all essential repositories in time. Therefore, the Estonian Historical Archives has compiled descriptions of the most accessible materials in St. Petersburg, while places such as Moscow and Kaliningrad could unfortunately not be included. The guide focuses on archival texts, maps and drawings, the latter only if they qualify as archival material. Works of art and three-dimensional objects fall outside the guide’s scope. Other, editorial limitations are related to the fact that this work had to be completed with a xed budget and within the duration of the Baltic Connections project: two years. The descriptions have not been made, translated or checked by native English speakers and, as a consequence, they may not always be in impeccable English. Dealing with at least ten different archival traditions, reaching a high level of editorial uniformity turned out to be impossible and probably undesirable too, and this has therefore not been attempted. As a result, some archival terms and names of institutions, functions and geographical locations may vary to a certain extent. Many people have been involved in the compilation of the guide. At the National Archives of the Netherlands, Lennart Bes set up the overall structure of the work and edited most of the descriptions. Towards the end of the project, he was joined by Edda Frankot and Hanno Brand of the University of Groningen in the nal editing of the guide as a whole. Frankot also edited a substantial number of descriptions, while Brand authored the historical essay in this guide. Furthermore, Frankot and Brand described the archival sources in the Netherlands. The general coordination of the

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project was managed by Frans van Dijk of the National Archives of the Netherlands. The Danish descriptions were made by Ulrich Flaskager Hansen, student at the University of Copenhagen, and Erik Gøbel of the Danish National Archives. In Estonia, all materials were described by Kersti Lust and Enn Küng of the Estonian Historical Archives, except for the sources in the Tallinn City Archives, which were covered by Juhan Kreem, and the sources in libraries and the Estonian History Museum, which were compiled by Janet Laidla. Lust and Tatjana Shor (Estonian Historical Archives) also compiled the section on Russia. The Finnish descriptions were made by Juhani Piilonen, under the supervision of Eljas Orrman of the National Archives of Finland. The materials in Latvia were described by Krlis Zvirgzdiš of the Latvia State Historical Archives, with organisational assistance of Mra Sprdža of the Directorate General of the Latvia State Archives. In Lithuania, the descriptions were made by Rima Cicnien (Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences), Rasa Narbutait (Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania) and Leokadija Olechnovi (Lithuania State Historical Archives), under the supervision of Daiva Lukšait of the Lithuanian Archives Department and Alfonsas Tamulynas of the Lithuanian State Historical Archives. The Polish descriptions were compiled by the following people: Stanis aw Flis (covering the State Archives in Gdansk and various libraries), Dariusz Ganczar (various libraries), Micha Kulecki, Pawe Pi at and Jaros aw Zawadzki (Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw), Anna azarek (State Archives in Szczecin), Romualda Piotrkiewicz (State Archives in Olsztyn), Monika Proniewicz (State Archives in Poznan) and Wies aw Szczuczko (State Archives in Torun). Organisational contributions were made by W adys aw Stpniak and Ewa Rossowska (State Archives of Poland), Maria Pelczar (Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Gdansk), and Andrzej Kopiczko (Archives of the Archdiocese of Warmia). All descriptions were translated by Anna Sydor. Most of the materials in Sweden were described by Örjan Romefors under the supervision of Leif Gidlöf, both from the National Archives of Sweden. Other Swedish descriptions were compiled by Jan Dahlström of the Swedish Military Archives, Peeter Mark and Bo Elthammar of the Stockholm City Archives, and Tryggve Siltberg of the Regional Archives in Visby. Most descriptions were translated by Roger Tanner. The description of the archives in Germany initially posed a problem because of the decentralised structure of the German archival organisation. From Germany, only the Lower Saxony State Archives fully participated in the project but it did not have the means to describe materials outside Lower

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Saxony. Due to the great enthusiasm and persuasiveness of its employees Brage Bei der Wieden and Sabine Graf, however, many archival organisations in other German states volunteered to submit descriptions of their holdings. Those organisations are too numerous to be individually mentioned here, but they are of course included in the German chapter of this book and their kind efforts are enormously appreciated. Nearly all descriptions were translated by Uwe Hager of FifeLanguages Translation Services. A special case was Lübeck, where the relevant holdings are so vast that they could not be described voluntarily. Therefore, a separate arrangement was eventually made with the Archives of the Hanseatic Town of Lübeck, after which the sources there were described within just a few months by Tatjana Niemsch of Kiel University under the supervision of Rolf Hammel-Kiesow of the Archives of the Hanseatic Town of Lübeck. In addition to the above-mentioned authors, the editors would like to thank: the directors and deputy-directors of all participating organisations, René Brouwers of Hic et Nunc who built the project website, Hans van Koningsbrugge, Raimo Pohjola, Ramojus Kraujelis, Jan Kompagnie, Pieter Koenders, Cees-Jan van Golen, Ferdinand Dorsman, Jan Kennis, Jinna Smit, Barry Robertson, and last, but certainly not least, the often very helpful staff of the numerous repositories covered in this guide.

NOTES ON THE EDITORS Lennart Bes, M.A. in Indology, Leiden University, is employed at the National Archives of the Netherlands. He has published on South Indian history and the archives of the Dutch East India Company, including two archival guides to Dutch sources on South Asia. Edda Frankot, Ph.D. (2004) in History and Law, University of Aberdeen, is a researcher at the Hanse Research Centre of the University of Groningen. She specialises in maritime, legal and urban history of Northern Europe in the Later Middle Ages. Hanno Brand, Ph.D. (1996) in Medieval History, is a fellow at the Hanse Research Centre at the University of Groningen. He has published extensively on Leiden’s urban elites, aspects of urban history, the Burgundian Court (1419–1477) and on the relations between the Low Countries and the German Hanse.

SUBJECTS COVERED BY THE GUIDE Shipping and maritime sectors • trade volume • trade routes: origins and destinations • cargoes: composition and value • prosopography of captains and crews • workers’ organisation • technology • navigation and sea law • maps • maritime sectors: sheries; shipbuilding; navy; harbour construction Merchants and merchant houses • trade networks • organisation of rms • foreign representatives • family ties • customers • brokerage • bookkeeping • monetary exchange • investments: sectors and stock markets • risk, trust and communication • migration, sociability, education Transaction costs • ship chartering • ship protection (convoys) • hiring of crews • insurance (wreckage, loss) • tolls, customs and taxes • exchange of information Trade regulation and diplomacy • conditions of trade: treaties and privileges • protective (national) measures • toll and tax policies

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• protection of property: law, state support • facilitating policies: boards • standardisation policies: monetary, measure, weight, quality • diplomacy: town, estate, state; international diplomacy; diplomats as representatives Spin-off effects • staple organisation • migration patterns • piracy • banking and monetary exchange

BALTIC CONNECTIONS: Changing Patterns in Seaborne Trade (c. 1450–1800) Hanno Brand Hanse Research Centre, University of Groningen

Introduction Each year during the late Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, many hundreds of ships plied the narrow waters of the Sound in both directions, carrying the produce of the economies located on the shores of the Baltic and the North Sea. The Baltic seaborne trade was based on the exchange of raw materials, foodstuffs and minerals from the east, and on the inux of the rich commodities and domestic industrial produce from the west. It gave rise to a trading system that was structured on the basis of the pivotal role staple markets played in the purchase and distribution of the commodities that were transported along the vast waterway stretching from the Finnish Gulf to the Danish Kattegat. The struggle for control over these markets, their hinterlands and the seaborne trading routes that linked them is the common element in the history of the maritime powers east and west of the Sound and the changing patterns of trade in the region. This narrative attempts to trace the main lines of these developments from various angles over a period of almost 400 years. Starting with the rise and fall of the German Hanse, the dynamics of the Baltic system will be elaborated by analysing the advance of the Dutch in the Baltic and the emergence of new powers in the eastern Baltic. Finally, the application of mercantilist policies in the region and the outcomes of the Great Nordic Wars explain the changing relations between the seaborne nations in and beyond the Baltic.

The Hanseatic Era In the late Middle Ages, maritime trade in the Baltic developed under the aegis of the German Hanse. The origins of this League lie in the loose associations of long-distance merchants, notably from northern Germany

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and Westphalia, who succeeded in securing trading privileges abroad to the benet of all subjects of the Holy Roman Empire. It was, however, Lübeck and the Wend towns along the northern German coasts that built the core of the urban League as it started to take shape in the nal decades of the twelfth century. During its heydays (c. 1370–1474), the League comprised 200 towns, which cooperated in a rather loose fashion and covered an area stretching from Reval (Tallinn) in the east to Kampen on the Zuiderzee coast in the west. The successful linkage of sea, river and land routes is one of the reasons for the prolonged existence of the Hanseatic trading system. Northern Europe’s main rivers and roads served the vast Prussian and Russian hinterlands and connected Germany’s urban markets and production centres to the Baltic ports. Lübeck served in many ways as the starting point of this system. Already in the 1160s, its merchant families started to settle in the Wend nuclei along the Pomeranian coast (Wismar, Stralsund, Rostock, Stettin (Szczecin) and Greifswald). Northern Germans were also involved in the founding or refounding of cities like Riga, Danzig (Gdansk) and Reval. From there they opened up the Prussian and Russian hinterlands, bringing the southern Baltic ports within the orbit of the western markets. These cities comprised the core of the Hanseatic trading system in the Baltic, whilst Hamburg and Bremen were the main ports on the North Sea. On the western ank of the Hanseatic region, Cologne emerged as the Hanse’s main trading partner with England and with it the satellites (Kampen, Deventer) along the Zuiderzee coasts came into being. The trading network of the Hanse merchants was based on a system of staple markets and foreign ofces (Kontoren), in Bruges, London, Bergen (Norway) and Novgorod (Russia). Since all foreign Hanseatic trade was supposed to be concentrated in these Kontors and the adjacent staple markets, they represented an indispensable instrument in the League’s efforts to dominate the few trading routes that connected the eastern Baltic to a the west. Because of its strategic position on the Trave River, Lübeck managed to direct all major trading ows in the Baltic and from the North Sea to its port and staple market. In this way, the town controlled all trans-shipments at the Elbe, Stecknitz and Trave estuaries. Merchants from Lübeck and the Wend towns made their fortune by exchanging the western rich trades (e.g. high-quality cloth, spices and wines) for the minerals and the agrarian and sylvan products of the north and the east. Among these were bulk commodities such as Prussian and Livonian hard dusk grains, hemp and ax, as well as unprocessed timber, deal boards, masts and klapholz, which was used for barrel making. Farmers exploiting the vast Livonian, Russian and Scandinavian forests produced tar and

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pitch destined for the shipbuilding industries and potash for glass making. Bar iron and copper were produced in the mines in Sweden and south of Krakow. The Finnish and Russian hinterlands were the main providers of such high-value products as wax, furs, leather and skins. On top of this, the League was engaged in the Baltic herring and beer trade, and Lübeck had a monopoly on the exports of Lüneburg salt. Lübeck’s position as the largest entrepôt in the Baltic system was reected in its leading position in the Kontors. There, members of its rich merchant families maintained contact with their trading partners abroad, fostered intense diplomatic contacts with foreign powers and carefully guarded the trading interests of the Hanse merchants and the abundant privileges that had clipped the wings of potential competitors. The Hanse Kontors and the merchant settlements around these acted as entrepôts for the commodities over which the Hanse had established a quasi monopoly. These were furs and wax from Novgorod, dried cod from Bergen, wool and cloth from London and Boston (on England’s west coast), and high-quality cloth from Flanders, Brabant and Holland, which was exported through the staple market of Bruges. Underlying this long-distance network, a range of trading routes developed between the staple markets on the northern and southern Baltic coasts. Most Hanseatic cities were engaged in triangle trade between their home markets, Lübeck, and Sweden, Finland or Novgorod. Stockholm—Sweden’s main port for iron and copper—had a substantial number of Hanseatic merchants among its inhabitants. Åbo (Turku) and Viborg were the important staple markets for Finnish timber and tar, whilst Narva and Novgorod were the main gateways to the Russian hinterland. Shipping on the Livonian coasts was concentrated at Reval, Riga, Dorpat (Tartu) and Pernau (Pärnu), the main suppliers of grain, hemp, ax and naval stores. Already in the fourteenth century, attempts to protect the trade with the Livonian and Russian hinterlands led to prolonged rivalry with merchants from Lübeck and the Wend towns, who tried to evade the local markets in order to cut transaction costs. The ports of Danzig, Königsberg (Kaliningrad) and Elbing were the main outlets for Prussian grain and timber, which lay at the root of their trade on the Swedish and Finnish coasts. However, what challenged Lübeck’s dominion was not the increasing density of Baltic triangle shipping, but primarily the developing Sound trade. The Baltic, Prussian and Wend towns—which engaged in much the same trade and thus shared the same markets—were in fact potential rivals rather than loyal allies. Rising commercial centres like Reval, Riga and particularly Danzig were therefore exploring new markets in order to escape Lübeck’s tutelage. Growing demand for Prussian and Livonain grain

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at the western markets and the availability of cheap French bay salt, which rapidly replaced the Lüneburg salt exports, were the main factors behind the expansion of the eastward Sound trade at the expense of Lübeck. By the end of the fourteenth century, eastern Baltic cogs and hulks were plying the waters along the North Sea and Atlantic coasts, supplying the ports of Amsterdam and Zeeland with increasing amounts of grain, as well as loading salt on the French coast at Brouage or cloth in Holland or England. Keenly circumventing the staples of Lübeck and Bruges, the eastern Baltic merchants gradually eroded the traditional Hanseatic trading system, which was based on the almost complete control of the few sea routes linking the Kontors abroad. Especially Danzig, which controlled as much as 75 per cent of the total Baltic grain exports, developed into a major rival of Lübeck, as its merchants sailed directly to the transit ports of London, Amsterdam and Antwerp’s satellites along Zeeland’s waters. On the western ank of the Hanse region, Lübeck’s supremacy was challenged not only by Cologne, but also by the Zuiderzee towns of Kampen, Deventer and Zwolle. These three towns had rather ambiguous relations with the core of the League, varying from earnest sentiments of loyalty to downright deance. Loyalty was the result of their enjoying the Hanseatic privileges abroad, which offered advantageous trading positions in the eastern Baltic, English and Norse markets. Deance was related to Lübeck’s discriminating policies against the merchants from the County of Holland and notably Amsterdam. The latter’s prolonged struggle for free access to the Sound posed a serious threat to the League’s dominion in both Scandinavia and the eastern Baltic. Exposed on the League’s westernmost frontiers, and therefore relying heavily on the transit trafc between Holland and the Hanseatic towns, the Zuiderzee towns fundamentally opposed measures that put their trading relations with the County at risk. On top of this were Lübeck’s efforts to maintain the staple at Bruges, which suffered under the owering of direct trading relations between Dutch, English and Hanseatic merchants from all the major towns on the League’s western ank. Hamstrung by the failures of their own system, Lübeck and the Wend towns offered little coordinated resistance against the free-riding activities of their rivals along the Baltic and Zuiderzee coasts. On several occasions, the Prussian, Livonian and Zuiderzee towns brushed aside Hanseatic policies that impaired excellent trading relations with the northern Low Countries. During the Holland-Wend war of 1438–1441, with free Dutch access to the Baltic at stake, Prussia refused to join the Hanseatic grain blockade against the County of Holland. The Zuiderzee towns preferred neutrality in order not to put their trade with Holland at risk. In 1470, the Wend towns tried to exclude Holland’s shipping from the Sound trafc in an attempt to revive

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discriminating regulations at both the Bruges and the Trave staple. Highly valued commodities from the east had to be shipped through Lübeck and Hamburg, whilst Dutch high-quality cloth destined for the Baltic had to be exported through the harbour of Bruges, where Wend ships were awaiting. With the Hanseatic towns on both the eastern and the western ank refusing to cooperate, the operation was a failure. Danzig and the other Baltic towns were prepared to ally with Lübeck and the Wends in the wars with Denmark in the early sixteenth century, but they pulled back as soon as the League’s belligerent attitude seriously jeopardised trading relations with Holland. This process of fragmentation contributed in two ways to the prolonged demise of the German Hanse: it resulted in the increasing isolation of Lübeck and the Wend towns within the League, and it encouraged the development of a dense network of trading routes between the harbours along the shores of the Baltic, the North Sea and the western Atlantic, which nally led to the demise of the traditional staple system. Views that maintain that these episodes were a turning point in the decline of the Hanseatic seaborne trade through the Sound are corroborated by a long-term analysis of the Sound Toll registers. The levying of the Sound dues, which were introduced in 1429 by the Danish king in order to tap some of the revenues of the increasing east-west trade, gave birth to an impressive registration system of all ships that passed through the Sound between 1497 and 1857. Despite interpretation difculties concerning the origins of the ships and their cargoes, the registers represent the historian’s most important tool for reconstructing both the volume and the value of Baltic shipping over the centuries. In the sixteenth century, the Hanseatic east-west trade gained importance, since while there were fewer than 1000 vessels passing through the Sound each year between 1500 and 1540, in the 1560s some 3280 vessels and in the years around 1590 some 5038 vessels passed through it annually. It is estimated that about 80 per cent of this ow was headed towards the Hanseatic towns situated on the northern German and the eastern Baltic coast. This was reected in the size of the Hanseatic eet. At the end of the sixteenth century, it had about 1000 ships with a total carrying capacity of 45,000 lasts (90,000 tons). Compared to the situation 100 years earlier, this was an increase of 50 per cent. Though lagging far behind the Dutch, the League’s eet capacity outstripped that of England and France. Lübeck succeeded in maintaining its position in the Baltic until well into the seventeenth century. Shipbuilding in Lübeck blossomed in the decades around 1600: each year until about 1640, fteen to twenty ships left the slipways of the yards on the Trave River. Still, Lübeck’s role and that of the other Hanseatic towns became much more conned to the Baltic

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itself as, with the rise of the Atlantic system, trading routes moved to the west to the benet of Antwerp, Amsterdam and London. From 1600 on, Hanseatic seaborne trade was mostly limited to short hauls between the Scandinavian and the southern Baltic ports, with only sporadic long-distance voyages to the Mediterranean or across the oceans. This led to the remarkable situation that one of the largest eets was cut off from newly emerging maritime ows. Only Hamburg escaped this fate, by ceasing its resistance to the English merchant adventurers and allowing a massive inux of Protestant immigrants from Antwerp and of converted Portuguese Jews, who had escaped the claws of the Inquisition. Thanks to the immigrants’ world-encompassing networks, the Elbe harbour rapidly replaced Lübeck as the largest maritime centre on the Baltic shores. The transfer of former Hanseatic business into foreign and, progressively, Dutch hands marked the nal stage of the prolonged demise of the League. The nal blow came in 1648, when Sweden occupied the Pomerian and northern German shores. With the Wend cities of Stettin, Stralsund and Wismar becoming Swedish, and Hamburg, Bremen and Lübeck forced into benevolent neutrality, the days of the League were numbered. In 1669, the last general Hanseatic meeting assembled in Lübeck in order to conrm the League’s status as a quasi impotent power in the Baltic.

The Rise of New Sea Powers In the rst decades of the sixteenth century, Lübeck and its Wend allies clearly recognised that Holland’s skippers and merchants posed a major threat to their dominium in the Baltic. Within 150 years, Holland’s and Zeeland’s seafaring towns had changed from loyal partners offering naval support in the League’s war against Denmark of 1368–1370, into dogged competitors that effectively undermined the traditional Hanseatic monopolies. This shift caused the division of the northern Low Countries into two economic regions, with the towns east of the Zuiderzee integrated into the Hanseatic League, and the County of Holland, with Amsterdam as its emerging zenith, into the territories of the Burgundian and Habsburg princes. Growing distance from the Hanse was the inevitable result of Holland’s increasing engagement in the intertwined salt and grain trade along the eastwest axis through the Sound. Already engaged as the carriers for mostly Hanseatic merchants in the fourteenth century, skippers and merchants from such towns as Veere, Zierikzee and Middelburg in Zeeland, and from Amsterdam and the “Water Cities” (i.e. Hoorn, Enkhuizen, Edam, Monnickendam and Medemblik) situated north of it, set sail to the many make-shift

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harbours along the northern German, Livonian and Prussian coasts. Instead of calling at the Hanseatic staple markets, they purchased wheat and rye directly from the local large-scale producers in order to reduce prices to the lowest possible level. With the population growing and the traditional markets in the Somme region disappearing, the grain trade was the prime mover behind Holland’s breakthrough in the Baltic. It is estimated that the loading capacity of the merchant eet grew from 19,000 lasts around 1500 to 80,000 lasts in 1567. In the same period, imports of Baltic grain increased from 10,000 lasts to about 60,000 lasts. In the last quarter of the fteenth century, grain imports attained a regular pattern with exports from Danzig, Riga and Reval increasing. Transports of Baltic grain and French bay salt interlocked about 1440 and led to the emergence of Holland’s protable triangle trade between the eastern Baltic, the Zuiderzee and Zeelandic ports, and the French Atlantic coast. In its wake, exports to the Baltic of Dutch herring, high-quality cloth and French wines developed, whilst Holland’s booming shipbuilding industry was the main consumer of the traditional Baltic raw materials like timber, hemp, ax and tar. The competitive effect of low transaction costs, already realised through the elimination of Hanseatic middlemen and investments in the direct Baltic-Atlantic trade, were maximized as a result of large cuts in shipbuilding costs and innovations in ship design. The increased speed of new, full-rigged Dutch ships, combined with adaptations that facilitated the carrying of bulky goods, allowed smaller crews, giving the ships a considerable advantage over the heavy, well-manned Hanseatic vessels. Also a high degree of rationalisation of both trade and transport provided Holland with an advantage over the Hanseatic League. By 1530, Holland’s reliance on the Baltic trade and on imports of Prussian and Livonian grain had become so great that the Habsburg political leaders realised that any interruption of the Sound trade would bring the County to the verge of famine and social disruption as a result of widespread unemployment in the booming maritime sector and exporting industries. Such a dependence was already visible in the second half of the fteenth century, and it had obliged the Burgundian and Habsburg princes—be it initially with reluctance—to offer their formidable state support against the League’s attempts to bring Holland’s Sound trade to a standstill. They intervened in favour of the abolition of the League’s staple policies and activated their diplomatic apparatus in order to secure Holland’s free access to the Baltic against Lübeck’s blockading policies. It was due to the intervention of Charles V that Holland was exempted from the Sound tolls in 1544, which constituted a major step towards Holland’s domination of the Baltic trading system for the next two centuries.

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Free access to the Baltic markets, combined with low transactions costs and a still increasing share of the combined salt and grain trade, paved the way for the establishment of Amsterdam as a major repository linking the Baltic to the western and southern European markets. Dutch factors settled in many Baltic ports to organise their business. They did their best to circumvent the local middlemen, who were eating into their prots, and advanced credits in order to stimulate trade and local shipbuilding to the benet of their enterprises. Especially Danzig shipwrights proted from the inow of Dutch orders. The Dutch omnipresence on the Scandinavian, Livonian and Prussian markets in the sixteenth century reects the state of disintegration of the traditional Hanseatic system, which slowly gave way to the current principles of free trade, shared by the Dutch and the rising sovereign powers in the Baltic. Persistent views, however, that the Dutch were already the undisputed masters of the Baltic around 1500, are no longer tenable. A comparison of the passages of Hanseatic and Dutch ships on the basis of the Sound Toll registers reveals that the two powers remained competitors, with the volume of their shipping through the Sound still rather balanced around the middle of the sixteenth century. The dominance of Lübeck and its Wend allies further crumbled as the Danish kings gradually succeeded in loosening the Hanseatic grip on their domestic markets. Sweden, Denmark and Norway—which had been brought under one crown by the Kalmar Union of 1397—had virtually been degraded to a natural hinterland of the Hanse. Since the early fteenth century, the Danish kings had occasionally favoured Dutch and English trading at the expense of Wend dominance. Tension with Lübeck rose in 1429 when the Sound Toll was imposed. Denmark’s strategic position on the Sound posed a clear threat to Hanseatic trafc and provoked an open sea war. The conict ended in the military humiliation of the Danes and the exemption of the Wend towns from the Sound levies. This reduced the Danish king’s role to that of a mediator during the Holland-Wend War of 1438–1441, and attempts to encourage Dutch trade on the Baltic in the following decades were foiled by the overwhelming power of the northern German towns. The succession to the throne of Christian II (1514–1523), who was allied through marriage with the Habsburg emperor and sovereign in the Low Countries, brought about a dramatic shift in relations with the League. War between Denmark and Lübeck had broken out already in 1509–1512 as a result of the anti-Hanseatic policies of King Hans (1481–1513). But Christian II’s visions of the establishment of a Northern Trading Company that was to control the entire Sound trade, combined with a liberal trading policy favouring the Dutch, provoked unprecedented resentment within the

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Hanse’s leading circles. Carefully exploiting opposition in Denmark against Christian’s domestic policies and a Swedish uprising under Gustav Wasa, the combined Wend forces chased the Danish king into exile. Two new kings—Frederick I (1524–1533) in Denmark and Gustav I Wasa (1523–1560) in Sweden—gained their thrones thanks to Lübeck’s interventions. Hopes that the League’s supremacy was now rmly re-established vanished as both kings immediately decided to allow all foreign powers free access to the Baltic markets. Anti-Dutch feelings ared up again during the stormy but conservative regime of the Lübeck Protestant burgomaster Jürgen Wullenwever in the early 1530s. A blockade of the Sound entirely directed against the Low Countries and attempts to revive the traditional Hanseatic staple system aroused deep suspicions even among Lübeck’s closest allies. Danzig and the Livonian towns refused to provide military support and Hamburg secretly came to terms with the Dutch in 1534. With the League’s cohesion now fully eroded, Lübeck and the Wend towns grudgingly accepted the conditions of the Peace of Speyer in 1544, which concluded a two-year war between Habsburg and Denmark and stipulated free access for the Dutch to the Sound and the Baltic markets. The containment of the League’s inuence in the Baltic proceeded as Gustav I Wasa and his successors in now independent Sweden adopted an aggressive policy in order to secure the supply lines from the east. Notably, the Swedish historian Attman spent almost his entire career showing that Sweden’s eastward expansion served complete control over the eastern Baltic trading routes and staple harbours in Livonia (Riga, Reval, Narva) and eastern Finland (Viborg). In its struggle for the Baltic markets, Sweden provoked prolonged rivalry not only with Lübeck, but also—and primarily—with Russia and Poland, which had emerged as new seaborne powers on the Baltic coasts. The kingdom of Poland emerged from the ruins of the Teutonic Order, which after the military defeat at the battle of Tannenberg in 1411 had lost much of its political and economic impact in the region. The incorporation of the east Prussian territories into Poland in 1466 liberated the Hanseatic towns of Danzig and Elbing from competition with the Teutonic Order. The formation of a Polish corridor along the Baltic coast implied the elimination of the Order’s control over the communication lines into the extended Lithuanian and Prussian hinterlands on which the Baltic grain trade largely depended. Supported by the Polish suzerain, Danzig’s trade towards the west rapidly gained importance. Rye exports accounted for 10,000 lasts in the 1490s and quintupled in the course of the sixteenth century. Although Elbing’s economic development was much more modest,

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the town beneted from the declining inuence of the Hanse and the benevolence of the Polish crown, as evidenced in 1585 by the establishment of the English Eastland Company within its walls. Further north, the emergence of the Muscovite empire of Grand Duke Ivan III (1462–1505) represented another threat to the German Hanse. The closure of the Hanse Kontor in Novgorod by the Russian prince in 1494 was much more of a symbolic nadir than an outright catastrophe for the League’s trading interests. Hanseatic trade with Russia itself was now directed towards Reval and Riga, which beneted greatly from the shift as, besides the Germans, also Dutch and English merchants increasingly focused their activities on these towns. Tension built up among the League’s members, however, as a consequence of increasing protectionism in the eastern Baltic towns. In order to strengthen their grip on direct trade with Russia, they imposed measures that were intended to prevent all foreign traders, including merchants from Lübeck and the Wend towns, from circumventing the staples of Riga and Reval. However, such policies only widened the already existing ssures within the League, as they emphasised the Baltic towns’ desire to escape Lübeck’s tutelage. Pressure from outside increased as the Russians reached the Baltic coasts in 1558, occupying Livonia and the Hanseactic towns of Dorpat and Narva. With the former destroyed and the latter developed into a Russian alternative for the harbours of Riga and Reval, three independent new states had made signicant inroads into the Hanseatic supremacy in the eastern Baltic waters. Since Poland, Russia and Sweden shared the same goal—namely control over the communication routes between the Baltic shores and the Russian hinterlands—the economic climate in the region was determined by the outcomes of military conicts. The Swedish King Eric XIV (1560–1568) attempted to thwart direct trade with Narva and proceeded to establish staples for Russian trade in both Viborg and Reval. The Swedish occupation of Reval in 1561 and the following blockade of the Narva staple provoked the First Nordic War (1563–1569), in which Lübeck, Denmark and Poland combined their forces to combat Swedish aggression. Though a peace treaty was signed shortly after Lübeck’s bombardment of Reval in 1569, the main issues remained unresolved. With Reval rmly in Swedish hands and the struggle over the Narva staple continuing, this was the beginning of a long period of wars between Russia and Sweden. The conicts led to the seizure of Narva by Sweden’s King John III (1568–1592) in 1581 and, fourteen years later, the Russian approval of the establishment of staples at Viborg and Reval. As in 1621 Riga also fell into the hands of King Gustav II Adolph, the Russians were sealed off from the Baltic, leaving the remains of the Hanseatic trade in the region to the mercy of the Swedish kingdom.

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The Second Dutch Advance in the Baltic Despite the impressive number of ships passing through the Sound in the sixteenth century, both the volume and the value of the Dutch Baltic trade remained modest. The majority of the ships had a capacity of less than 50 lasts, and since merchandise for the Baltic countries was available only in small quantities in the Dutch entrepôt, vessels often sailed eastward on ballast. The range of products transported to the east consisted mainly of salt, herring, cloth and wines. In the 1580s, it was the English and the Hanseatics who were involved in the exchange of the wide range of commodities that were in demand in Poland, Lithuania and Ukraine. There, the land-owning nobility were experiencing a steep increase in prosperity, which provoked a growing demand for jewellery, spices, manufactures and other highly valued commodities. The transport of high-quality textiles was very much in the hands of the English merchant adventurers and the German Hanse. Hamburg and Lübeck still controlled the seaborne trade to Danzig, Königsberg, Riga, Reval, Viborg and Stockholm, and were the main re-importing centres of colonial products like spices and sugar. The shipping of valuable merchandise from Scandinavia and the eastern Baltic (e.g. yarn, leather, furs, tallow and tar) was predominantly organised by merchant houses in Lübeck, Hamburg and London, whilst Sweden’s major export products (bar iron and copper) reached the west almost exclusively via the Lübeck staple market. Lübeck merchants also had by far the largest share of the trade with Sweden, Finland and Russia and still crowded the markets of Reval, Riga, Danzig, Narva and Novgorod. Although the German Hanse’s role in the Sound trade had been considerably undermined by the Dutch and English competition, it still wielded inuence in important segments of the markets across the Baltic in the decades around 1600. The Sound Toll registers show that a second Dutch advance in the Baltic was taking place in the 1590s as Dutch trade in Mediterranean and colonial wares started to eclipse that of Hamburg and Lübeck. This was the result of the more diversied triangle trade between the Baltic, the western Atlantic coasts and the Mediterranean. Danzig grain was shipped by Dutch merchants directly to Lisbon and Venice, where they sourced the Mediterranean produce demanded in the Baltic. Spain, Portugal and France were also markets for naval stores as well as Swedish copper and iron; they were also the north’s main providers of salt, woollens and wines. The Baltic, however, remained primarily the source of the Dutch domestic market and the Republic’s main supplier of grain, timber and naval stores. The availability of these basic commodities—especially of grain—gradually transformed the Amsterdam market into the focal point of European trade. Re-exports of grain were

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already a feature of Amsterdam’s expansion around 1550, but they gained importance in the 1590s as famine ravaged southern Europe. In the words of the American historian Jan de Vries, it was such extensions of Dutch trade into other parts of Europe that led in the seventeenth century to Amsterdam’s rise as Europe’s new entrepôt. For a while, its position was unparalleled as the Dutch gained primacy in colonial trade with the East and West Indies, in Atlantic shing and whaling, and in Russian trade via Archangel. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Dutch exports—and in particular the inux of such colonial wares as sugar, tea, coffee and tobacco—to the Baltic rose dramatically. Dutch ships carried 14.5 million pounds of colonial wares through the Sound in the years 1661–1670. Fifty years later, the volume had more than doubled. Being the Low Countries’ main supplier of basic commodities and the main market for its domestic and colonial produce, their political leaders could only acknowledge the key position of the seaborne mercantile trafc through the Sound, calling it “the mother of all trades”. The development of the uitschip is a major reason for the Low Countries’ supremacy in the Baltic after 1600. The uit was constructed around 1595 in order to maximise carrying capacity and slash construction and equipment costs. Its design, characterised by an almost at bottom and a long hull, revolutionised the transport of bulk commodities through the shallow Baltic coastal waters. Contrary to the then current preference for converting naval ships for merchants use, the uit was uniquely designed for mercantile purposes. As a result, construction costs were cut by replacing traditional oak with r and pine, which made the ship much lighter and easier to handle. A Dutch uit could be crewed by half as many men as a traditional vessel, whilst construction costs were reduced by almost 50 per cent. The introduction of the uit had an enormous impact on shipbuilding practices, as in the subsequent centuries its design served as an example for ship builders in all major yards across the Baltic. Dutch knowledge of shipbuilding was exported throughout the Baltic, giving a new impulse to the yards of Altona, Copenhagen, Stockholm, Danzig, Riga and St. Petersburg, where immigrants from the Low Countries took leading positions.

Mercantilism in the West Baltic As the Baltic ports were virtually clogged with Dutch (and English) ships, governments redesigned their policies in order to reduce foreign inuence on both their seaborne trade and their ‘national’ economies. The mercantile policies of the Danish King Christian IV (1596–1648) combined with his

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pursuit of political hegemony in the western Baltic, posed a serious threat to the Dutch advance. Tensions rose after Denmark’s victory over Sweden during the Kalmar wars of 1611–1613, which resulted in a ban on all Dutch trafc to Sweden and a sudden increase of the Sound Toll duties. In order to secure free entrance to the Baltic, the Dutch entered anti-Danish alliances with the Hanseatic league in 1613 and with Sweden in 1614. These alliances forced Christian IV to pull back, while the Dutch also imposed some sort of Pax Neerlandica on the Baltic waters, obliging the surrounding powers to guarantee free and secure shipping in the region. Danish mercantilism challenged the Low Countries again in the 1630s. A Spanish-Danish commercial treaty of 1632 was designed to undermine Dutch-Iberian trade to the Baltic. The treaty indeed triggered an increase in Danish-Mediterranean trade and a revival of the construction of large ships in the Norse harbours. Trade to the Baltic was severely hit by another increase in the Sound dues, which primarily affected the Dutch since the new levies specically concerned commodities like grain, ax, hemp and herring. In addition, a new toll at Glückstadt was imposed, creaming off the burgeoning Elbe trafc. As negotiations with Denmark had no effect, the Dutch navy entered the Sound in 1645, escorting a huge number of merchant vessels. Under the threat of an attack against Copenhagen, Christian IV annulled the new levies at the Sound and in Glückstadt. The agreement of 1649 reinforced the Dutch trading position in the Baltic even more, since it discriminated against Hanseatic and Swedish shipping through the Sound. The shift of Sweden’s war efforts to Prussia and Germany during the Thirty Years War seriously undermined King Christian’s ambitions in his struggle for Baltic dominion. The acquisition of Gustav II Adolph (1611–1632) in 1632 of the northern German shores, along the Baltic and the North Sea, was followed by successful Swedish campaigns in 1643 and 1657 in Jutland. On both occasions Denmark had to give up territories in the Baltic and several provinces along the eastern coast of the Kattegat and the Sound, thus losing its supreme strategic position at the entrance to the Baltic. It marked the beginning of Sweden’s Age of Greatness, which was to last until 1721, when Swedish naval forces were worsted by the galleys of the Russian Tsar, Peter the Great. Until then, however, Sweden controlled an area stretching from the Sound in the west to the Bay of Riga in the east. On several occasions, Sweden’s expansion in the Baltic provoked the intervention of the Dutch navy in an effort to protect the Republic’s commercial interests in the region. In 1656, the Republic sent a eet to Danzig to warn off the Swedes; two years later, it was dispatched to protect Copenhagen against attacks by King Charles X, who was on the verge of imposing his authority on both sides of the Sound. The defeat of the Swedish eet in the

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Sound secured for the Dutch free access to the Baltic, but also alarmed the English government, which now feared that the Dutch naval power might lead to the exclusion of the English from the Baltic trade. In the end, not war but diplomacy prevailed, as in 1660 a peace treaty between Sweden and Denmark was signed after Anglo-Dutch mediation. The Swedish king also promised to issue regulations to prevent any effective discrimination against foreign ships by the Swedes. Economic relations between Sweden and the northern Low Countries remained ambiguous. Swedish military enterprises in the east were a nuisance to foreigners carrying trade, since they were accompanied by blockades of the eastern Baltic and Prussian ports and trade interruptions. Sweden’s internal market, however, depended very much on the investments of foreign capital and the services offered by the nancial market in Amsterdam. Dutch entrepreneurs like De Geer and Trip made a fortune in the Swedish iron, copper and weapons industries and obtained pivotal positions in Sweden’s export trade. In the 1640s, Sweden had become the Dutch Republic’s number one trade partner in the Baltic: about 50 per cent of Sweden’s imports originated from Amsterdam’s staple market, whilst all copper exports and 40 per cent of all iron exports went to the Low Countries, as did 75 per cent of the Finnish tar production. The Swedish market had also become the second pillar of the Low Countries’ Baltic trade. However, this position was challenged by the Swedish mercantile stance of 1667. Contrary to the agreement that had been reached seven years earlier, heavy tolls were imposed on salt and wine shipped on foreign ships other than those sailing under the ag of the nation of origin. The measure was clearly directed against Amsterdam and the West-Friesian ports, and it triggered Dutch retaliation. As war broke out between Sweden and Denmark, in 1676 the Republic sent its navy into the Baltic. In a joint campaign with Denmark, the Swedes were defeated and forced to accept a treaty in 1679 annulling the restrictive measures, and to salvage their mercantilist aims. After that, friendly relations between Sweden and the Republic prevailed and trade was restored. The improvement of the relations with the Swedes resulted in the recovery of Dutch trade through the Sound. By the 1680s, an avarage of nearly 1000 Dutch ships entered the Baltic each year, accounting for almost 60 per cent of the total trafc. However, Norse-Danish and Swedish shipping was expanding, and—with some 2000 ships—heavily outnumbered the total number of Dutch ships involved in the Sound trade in the last decade of the century. The growth of Danish-Norse shipping was the result of prolonged mercantilism in the realm. Dutch relations with Denmark-Norway withered as the latter two countries maintained their policy to reduce their dependence

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on the Amsterdam entrepôt, which played a pivotal role in the distribution of Norwegian timber, sh and pitch. A Danish-Dutch guerre de commerce ared up in 1683 when the government in Copenhagen issued an aggressive tariff list. The Dutch reacted by suspending Norse imports, which forced the Danish government to withdraw its discriminating policies and to accept a new commercial treaty in 1688. Although relations then improved, Dutch pressure did not bring about a complete restoration of its position in Denmark. Exports of timber to Holland declined, as did Dutch imports of salt, spices, sugar and cloth. The Danes and the Norse had acquired their own substantial merchant eet, though it comprised mainly small vessels, which traded directly with the English and French ports and increasingly circumvented the Amsterdam entrepôt.

Changing Patterns in the East The Baltic trade, which had suffered under the Swedish occupation of Poland and the blockade of Danzig in the late 1620s, revived almost as soon as the invaders had retreated. Merchants from the Low Countries even extended their grip on sectors of the Baltic market formerly dominated by the English. From about 1600 onwards, Dutch trade in spices and high-quality cloth to Poland and Eastern Prussia increased to such an extent that it had almost replaced the English by around 1640. Especially in the cloth trade, the balance was almost completely inversed to the advantage of the Dutch: between 1580 and 1650, the English share in the Baltic markets declined from 91 per cent to 32 per cent, whilst the Dutch share rose from 40 per cent to 54 per cent in the same period. The 1640s witnessed an unprecedented rise in grain exports, which even led to a shortage of the boats that shuttled between the big ships and the warehouses on Amsterdam’s canals. The dominance of the Dutch bulk trade in the eastern Baltic started to wane in the subsequent decades. Divergent explanations for this have been put forward. Maria Bogucka advanced the thesis that the competitiveness of Baltic grain on the western markets started to decline already in the seventeenth century as a result of a lack of efciency on Polish farms. Others have pointed to the devastating results of the wars against the Cossacks (1648–1651) and the Swedes (1655–1660), or to a declining demand as a result of demographic stagnation in western Europe. Also the English Navigation Acts of 1660 and 1662—which were designed to, amongst others things, limit English dependence on Dutch shipping from the Baltic—contributed to the demise. By 1700, the Dutch had been largely excluded from the carrying trade between the Baltic and English harbours, with ships from

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Sweden and Livonia taking their place. Contraction continued until 1750, when the average volume of grain shipped on Dutch vessels was only 50 per cent of the gure one hundred years earlier. The decline of eastern Prussian exports is clearly expressed in the Sound dues. Whilst about 40 per cent of westward shipping had left from Danzig in the rst decade of the seventeenth century, the gure was less than 20 per cent at the end of the century. The changing position of the main Prussian harbour was also reected in the tendency of western European vessels to sail to the Livonian ports, where abundant quantities of ax, hemp, timber, naval stores, pitch and tar were available. Rising prices, growing foreign competition, high tariffs and the exhaustion of timber supplies in the Vistula hinterland obliged traders to look for more favourable markets further east. Accounts kept by Lübeck’s customs indicate, for example, that during the last quarter of the seventeenth century, exports from Riga were almost double those from Danzig. Smaller ports—like Königsberg, Elbing, Pernau and Narva—also beneted from the changing patterns of trade. Already in the decades around 1600, Elbing had become Prussia’s main seller of industrial raw materials; it established itself as a regional cloth staple and beneted from a stable demand for naval stores. Just before 1650, Königsberg’s direct access to the Lithuanian hinterlands transformed the city into Prussia’s main ax and hemp exporter. Trade moved, however, mostly to Riga, which started to challenge Danzig’s predominant export status in the region around 1700. Like Danzig’s exports, Riga’s depended heavily on grain, hemp and ax as well as on the local production of naval requisites, like masts, boards and deals. A sawmill and linseed-oil mill were set up with Dutch capital and labour, whilst Riga merchants invested in tanneries, rope-walks, foundries and shipbuilding facilities in the Cronstierna yards. Foreign capital and knowledge led to the development of shipyards, sawmills and ax and hemp reneries along the Narova River. This contributed to a new period of economic growth in Narva and a revival of Russian transit trade, which had been halted by the Swedish conquest of 1581. Swedish protective policies were an important factor in the shaping of a new trading balance in the eastern Baltic. Efforts by the Swedish government to gain more from the commodities that were in demand on the English and Dutch markets resulted in the establishment of the monopolistic Swedish Tar Company in 1648. The enforced monopoly was very dentrimental to Finnish tar exports, which until then had made up about 50 per cent of Finland’s total export volumes. Especially the staple towns of Åbo, Helsingfors (Helsinki) and Viborg suffered heavily under the Company’s monopoly because the redirection of exports provoked a fall in imports

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of such indispensable commodities as salt. Local farmers and merchants tried to avoid the negative effects of the Swedish protective measures by performing illegal trade. Finns sent their ships to the Livonian ports, whilst skippers from Holland in south-west Sweden illegally transported timber from Norway to northern Germany, Denmark and the Low Countries. Foreign commercial relations with Sweden were further strained by the publication in 1673 of the Trade Ordinance, which was reissued in 1687. One of the limitations concerned the activities of native gure heads to the benet of foreign merchants in Sweden. Such regulations followed the restrictions on international free trade that had been issued during the reign of Gustav II Adolf. These were aimed at creating a small group of staple towns and excluding other ports and markets from direct foreign seaborne trade. After 1636, all ports north of Stockholm and Åbo were subjected to such discriminating regulations. Especially Stockholm beneted greatly from these protective policies, resulting in a steady growth of its mercantile eet. At the end of the seventeenth century, it had almost 750 vessels, though most were small coastal craft. Larger ships—that is, those with a capacity of over 100 lasts—were nearly all owned by Swedish trading houses. Göteborg came second, though with only ten ships of more than 100 lasts, it lagged far behind the capital. Sweden’s protective policies also served its efforts to control Russian trade in the Baltic. Several grandiose projects aimed at concentrating Russian trade in the hands of naturalised merchants in order to buy up Russian grain surpluses and entire annual Russian leather productions in an effort to effectively cut the Dutch out of the market. Negotiations with the Russian government resulted in the treaty of Kardis (1661), which provided for free trade in Russia. This came to an end in 1667, however, when the Russian Tsar introduced high transit duties. In the end, only the Dutch proved capable of adapting to the difcult Russian trading conditions, whilst poor and economically less developed states like Sweden and Denmark lacked the necessary reserves. The Dutch, however, lost considerable ground on the Swedish and Finnish markets in the last decades of the seventeenth century as a result of Sweden’s protective policies.

Baltic Trade after the Great Nordic Wars The Great Nordic Wars (1700–1722)—in which Poland and Russia, and from 1710 also Denmark-Norway, combined their forces against Sweden—contributed to a dramatic shift in the balance of Baltic trade. During the rst phase of the war, Scandinavian shipping eastward through the Sound by

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far outstripped that of the Dutch. When hostilities between Sweden and Denmark started in 1710, all Scandinavian shipping through the Sound in both directions was paralysed. Trade recovered only in 1722, when the war that had sealed the fate of Sweden’s Age of Greatness came to an end. It has long been stated that notably the Dutch bulk carrying trade recovered strongly once the Nordic wars were over and remained strong until the very end of the eighteenth century. The Sound Toll registers indicate that the number of ships entering the Baltic did indeed increase after the 1720s and occasionally even surpassed the numbers of the favourable years of the early seventeenth century. In reality, however, the Dutch lost their predominant share in the Baltic rich trades to the Scandinavian and northern German ports, and at best consolidated their shipping volume in the years after 1750. Table: Average number of vessels passing eastward through the Sound each year, 1600–1800 Period

Low Countries

Scandinavia & northern Germany

British Isles Others

Totals

1600–49 1650–99 1700–49 1750–99

1118 (55%) 822 (50%) 722 (42%) 877 (28%)

398 (19%) 388 (24%) 407 (23%) 931 (29%)

203 (10%) 181 (11%) 310 (18%) 742 (23%)

2038 1634 1741 3176

319 (16%) 243 (15%) 301 (17%) 626 (20%)

Source: J.A. Faber, “Structural Changes in the European Economy during the Eighteenth Century as Reected in the Baltic Trade”, in: W.G. Heeres a.o. (eds.), From Dunkirk to Danzig. Shipping and Trade in the North Sea and the Baltic 1350–1850 (Hilversum, 1988), p. 90.

The above table suggests a direct correlation between the contraction period of the Polish and East Prussian grain trade, which lasted until about 1740, and a decline in the number of ships entering the Baltic between 1650 and 1750. Since the Great Nordic Wars caused an interruption of the Sound trade, the slight recovery in the rst half of the eighteenth century must have taken place after 1720. The second half of the eighteenth century witnessed a steep increase in absolute numbers, to the benet of English, Swedish, Danish-Norse and northern German shipping. There are manifold reasons for the shifting trade balance. The Dutch share in the shipping of both colonial wares and wine and salt from the Iberian peninsula and France diminished as their direct trade with the Baltic increased. Much shipping was directed to Hamburg, which in the eighteenth century became the major entrepôt for commodities like sugar, rice, coffee, tea and tobacco. Such developments contributed to the erosion of the Amsterdam staple, which was increasingly circumvented. The rise in the number of ships passing through the Sound

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was largely caused by an increase in the herring exports of the towns in the Göteborg area and by the expansion of coastal trade through the Sound to the benet of the northern Friesian towns in both northern Germany and the Low Countries. Such vessels were small and carried modest quantities of salt, wine and herring to the Baltic. The Dutch decline in the Baltic trade was thus both absolute and relative. The downward trend was mirrored in the decline of Dutch exports from the eastern Baltic. Between 1720 and 1780, the Dutch share in timber export shrunk from two-thirds to one-fth, that in tar from more than 50 per cent to less than 25 per cent and in hemp from 44 per cent to 19 per cent. On top of this was the prolonged decline of the Baltic eastward grain trade, which recovered only after 1740. However, the Dutch share in the Baltic grain trade remained very important, ranging between 80 and 95 per cent of the total Baltic output in the rst half of the century. Its share started to fall immediately after 1740 as England, France and the Mediterranean countries, as well as Hamburg, took over the role of the Amsterdam entrepôt. Nevertheless, the Dutch decline was less pronounced than that of the total Baltic grain trade. Notably, Jonathan Israel pointed to the effects of mercantilist policies on the shifting balance in the Baltic trade. Once the Great Wars were over, a new style of mercantilism started to dominate commercial policies in Prussia, Russia, Sweden and Denmark. From 1720 onwards, governmental interventionism reached an unprecedented level. A series of protectionist measures were taken in order to curtail all foreign inuence in industrial development and ‘national’ seaborne trade. In 1718, for example, Prussia banned the export of raw wool, which was formerly absorbed by the Dutch market. The consistency of its policies were reected two years later in a ban on the import of foreign cloth to the benet of the local industries. The measures had an effect in the sense that not Dutch but Prussian cloth was purchased by Russia, as governmental attempts to establish a domestic cloth industry had failed. In Denmark, a prohibition on the import of foreign woollens, silks, rened sugar and other colonial produce coincided with the royal founding of the Danish Asiatic Company. Royal custom concessions, granted to the provincial ports, stimulated entrepôt trading with Norway and opened the way to a lively Atlantic trade in the 1740s. The Danish-French commercial treaty of 1742 allowed merchant houses in Danish Altona, close to Hamburg, to gain ground in the Mediterranean. Outward-bound vessels leaving Copenhagen returned with tea from China and sugar from the Danish plantations on St. Croix. Most colonial imports were destined for re-export to Germany and the eastern Baltic regions, with rened sugar representing almost 50 per cent of Copenhagen’s exports value

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in the 1760s. The Danish entry to the world market attracted foreign trading houses. For example, the Dutch De Coninck trading house established itself in Copenhagen, and the immigrant Beets, De Vliegher and Van der Smissen families headed Altona’s main shipyards. Mercantilist policies in Sweden also combined an almost complete prohibition on foreign manufacture with protective measures aimed at foreign seaborne trade. The Swedish Produktplakat of 1724 was designed to curtail foreign shipping to Sweden, as well as to undermine imports of foreign luxury products. Dutch trade in Swedish bar iron to Amsterdam indeed diminished to the benet of direct exports on Swedish ships to England and the Mediterranean. As iron imports declined, prices rose and prots narrowed, Dutch investors residing in Sweden (e.g. the De Geer and the De Grill families), retreated from active trade and concentrated on nancing. The big trading houses, both foreign and domestic, in Stockholm and Göteborg now advanced short-term credits to Swedish iron producers, which shipped their products under the Swedish ag to consuming markets around the North Sea and the Mediterranean. Foreign inuence on the Finnish tar trade was reduced in 1765 when the Swedish government loosened its restrictive policies and allowed the Finnish staple harbours to trade directly on foreign markets. Commercial protectionism clearly beneted direct Swedish shipping and affected the position of foreign competitors from the west on the domestic market. Between 1740 and 1780, both Britain and the Low Countries lost much of their position in the Baltic region. What mainly tipped the scales in the Baltic, however, was political rivalry for control over production markets. The economies of the south-coast Baltic states were competitive because of their dependence on the export of raw materials and unprocessed projects. Sweden, on the other hand, remained a major purchaser of foodstuffs and the main supplier of iron in the region, as it had been 100 years earlier. In the second half of the eighteenth century, almost all the ships involved in this trafc were Swedish. Nevertheless, the Swedish balance with the three Baltic countries was essentially negative. At its peak in the 1750s Poland for example purchased only 3 per cent of the Swedish export totals, declining to less than 1 per cent in the last decades of the century. The outcome of the Great Northern Wars provided Russia with its rst direct links with the Baltic, as Sweden’s former possessions around Novgorod and the coastal regions in Estonia and Livonia, including Riga, Reval and Narva, fell into its hands. The peace treaty of Nystad (Uusikaupunki) in 1721 marked Russia’s breakthrough to the Baltic. The empire increasingly advanced in the trading routes across the Baltic, and the newly-founded harbour of St. Petersburg gradually surpassed the former Baltic ports of

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Riga and Reval before 1800. As Russia now enjoyed unlimited access to the Livonian grain markets and was Sweden’s most important trading partner, both powers for once were on the same side during the Seven Years’ War (1756–1763). By 1780, Russia had fully outanked Swedish Pomerania, which for a long time had beneted from Sweden’s preferential treatment. Poland’s trade succumbed under the effects of the First Partition, resulting in a diversion of Danzig’s grain trade to Elbing in East Prussia and a serious, though short decline in its seaborne trade at the very end of the century. In 1792, only 65 ships left its harbor, a gure that is in stark contrast to the yearly average of 1100 ships landing in Danzig in the years before the Polish Partition. The former Hanseatic towns of Lübeck and Hamburg on the northern German coasts suffered heavily from Swedish protectionism. Lübeck’s seaborne trade in the Baltic relied on the exports of nished textiles to the north. It had been an important trading partner in the decades around 1700, but it never recovered from the effects of the Swedish mercantilist restrictions, which since the 1740 had favoured the rise of a domestic textile industry. Hamburg on the other hand concentrated on the shipping of foodstuffs and raw products. Exports of cheese, meat, grain and woollens to Sweden put Hamburg at the top of the northern German cities in the Baltic, as it dominated Sweden’s trade in the 1780s and reinforced its position as an international staple on the Elbe estuary. Russia’s rise as a seaborne power caused a reorientation of the trade ows, which instead of the traditional and dominating south-north direction now increasingly ran along an east-west axis with Stockholm as one of the Baltic’s gravity points. This trend was reinforced by Denmark’s rise as a major consumer on the Swedish markets. Between 1740 and 1780, gures indicating the volume of the cross-Sound trade almost tripled, with tar, copper and timber (and not iron) being the most important commodities. Danish North Sea herring imports, which had represented a major export commodity since the sixteenth century, seriously declined as a result of a spectacular rise in catches along Sweden’s western coasts. The loss was only partially neutralised by Denmark’s increasing mingling in the worldwide sugar rivalry in which, however, the big western colonial powers still took the lead. Though the roles had changed, at least from a Swedish point of view, England and the Mediterranean countries had gained ground on the Dutch Republic. In the Baltic, it was Russia and Hamburg that gained at the expense of Swedish Pomerania and Poland. In fact, it was a competitive change to both the east and the west of the Sound that led to the reshufing of trading relations in the eighteenth-century Baltic system.

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Selective bibliography x Angerman, N., Hamburg und Rußland in der Frühen Neuzeit (Hamburg, 1972). x Arens, I., “Seefahrts- und Handelsverbindungen zwischen Baltikum und Skandinavischen Norden in der Zeit der zweiten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts”, in: Journal of Baltic Studies, 11 (1980), pp. 142–149. x Atmann, A., The Struggle for Baltic Markets. Powers in Conict 1558–1618 (Göteborg, 1979). x Blockmans, W., and L. Heerma van Voss, “Urban Networks and Emerging States in the North Sea and Baltic Areas. A Maritime Culture?”, in: J. Rooding and L. Heerma van Voss (eds.), The North Sea and Culture (1550–1800) (Hilversum, 1996), pp.10–20. x Bogucka, M., “Amsterdam and the Baltic in the First half of the Seventeenth Century”, in: idem, Baltic Commerce and Urban Society, 1500–1700. GdaskDanzig and its Polish Context (Aldershot, Burlington, 2003), Ch. 1. x Bogucka, M., “The role of Baltic Trade in European Development from the XVth to the XVIIIth Century”, in: Journal of European Economic History, 9/1 (1980), pp. 5–20. x Bogucka M., “Die Bedeutung des Ostseehandels für die Außenhandelsbilanz Polens in der ersten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts”, in: I. Bog (ed.), Der Außenhandel Ostmitteleuropas 1450–1650. Die Ostmitteleuropäischen Volkswirtschaften in ihren Beziehungen zu Mitteleuropa (Cologne, 1971). x Cielak, E., “Aspects of of Baltic Sea-Borne Trade in the XVIIIth Century. The Trade Relations between Sweden, Poland, Prussia and Russia”, in: Journal of European Economic History, 12 (1983), pp. 239–270. x Christensen, A.E., Dutch Trade in the Baltic about 1600. Studies in the Sound Toll Register and Dutch Shipping Records (Copenhagen, The Hague, 1941). x Ehernsvärd, U., P. Kokkonen and J. Nurminen (eds.), Mare Balticum: The Baltic—Two Thousand Years (Helsinki, Ottawa, 1995). x Faber, J.A., “Structural Changes in the European Economy during the Eighteenth Century as Reected in the Baltic Trade”, in: W.G. Heeres et al. (eds.), From Dunkirk to Danzig. Shipping and Trade in the North Sea and the Baltic 1350–1850 (Hilversum, 1988), pp. 83–94. x Glamann, K., “The Changing Patterns of Trade”, in: E.E. Rich and C.H. Wilson (eds.), The Cambridge Economic History of Europe, Vol. V (Cambridge, 1977), Ch. 4. x Harder-Gersdorff, E., “Lübeck, Danzig und Riga. Ein Beitrag zur Frage der Handelskonjunktur im Ostseeraum am Ende des 17. Jahrhunderts”, in: Hansische Geschichtsblätter, 96 (1978), pp. 106–138. x Heeres W.G., et al. (eds.), From Dunkirk to Danzig. Shipping and Trade in the North Sea and the Baltic 1350–1850 (Hilversum, 1988). x Holm, P., “South Scandinavian Fisheries in the Sixteenth Century. The Dutch Connection”, in: J. Rooding and L. Heerma van Voss (eds.), The North Sea and Culture (1550–1800) (Hilversum, 1996), pp. 108–123. x Hoszowski, S., “The Polish Baltic Trade in the Fifteenth-Eighteenth Centuries”, in: Poland at the XIth International Congress of Historical Sciences in Stockholm (Warsaw, 1960), pp. 117–154. x Israel, J., Dutch Primacy in World Trade (Oxford, 1989).

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x Johansen, H., Shipping and Trade between the Baltic and Western Europe 1784–1795 (Odense, 1983). x Kirby, D., Northern Europe in the Early Modern Period. The Baltic World 1492–1772 (London, 1990). x Kirby, D., and M.-J. Lissa Hinkkanen, The Baltic and the North Seas (London, New York, 2000). x Lemmink, J.Ph.S., and J.S.A.M. van Koningsbrugge (eds.), Baltic Affairs. Relations between the Netherlands and North-Eastern Europe 1500–1800 (Nijmegen, 1990). x Lindblad, J.Th., Sweden’s trade with the Dutch Republic, 1738–1795 (Assen, 1982). x Lindblad, J.Th., “Louis de Geer (1587–1652). Dutch Entrepreneurs and the Father of Swedish Industry”, in: C. Lesger and L. Noordegraaf (eds.), Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship in Early Modern Times. Merchants and Industrials within the Orbit of the Dutch Staple Market (Hollandse Historische Reeks, 24) (The Hague, 1995), pp. 77–84. x Mickwitz, G., Aus revaler Handelsbüchern: Zur Technik des Ostseehandels in der ersten Hälfte des 16. Jahrhunderts (Helsinki, 1938). x Müller, L., The Merchant Houses of Stockholm c. 1640–1800. A comparative Study of Early Modern Entrepreneurial Behaviour (Uppsala, 1998). x North, M., “A Small Baltic Port in the Early Modern Period. The Port of Elbing in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century”, in: idem, Form the North Sea to the Baltic. Essays in Commercial, Monetary and Agrarian History, 1500–1800 (Aldershot, Brookeld, 1996), Ch. 3. x North, M., and F. Snapper, “The Baltic Trade and the Decline of the Dutch Economy in the 18th Century”, in: J.Ph.S. Lemmink and J.S.A.M. van Koningsbrugge (eds.), Baltic Affairs. Relations between the Netherlands and NorthEastern Europe 1500–1800 (Nijmegen, 1990), pp. 263–286. x Palmer, A., Northern Shores. A History of the Baltic Seas and its Peoples (London, 2005). x Pelc, O., and G. Pickhan, Zwischen Lübeck und Nowgorod. Wirtschaft, Politik und Kultur im Ostseeraum vom frühen Mittelalter bis ins 20. Jahrhundert (Lüneburg, 1996). x Roberts, M. (ed.), Swedens’s Age of Greatness, 1632–1718 (London 1973). x Scammel, G.V., The world Encompassed. The First European Maritime Empires c. 800–1650 (London, 1981). x Stiles, A., Sweden and the Baltic. 1523–1721 (London, 1992). x Tielhof, M. van, The ‘Mother of All Trades’. The Baltic Grain Trade in Amsterdam from the Late 16th to the Early 19th Century (Leiden, Boston, Cologne, 2002). x Tracy, J.D. (ed.), The Political Economy of Merchant Empires (Cambridge, 1991). x Unger, W.S., “Trade to the Sound in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries”, in: The Economic History Review, 12 (1959/1960). x Voipio, A. (ed.), The Baltic Sea (Amsterdam, 1981). x Vries, J. de, Economy of Europe in an Age of Crisis, 1600–1750 (Cambridge, 1976). x Wieringa, J. (ed.), The Interactions of Amsterdam and Antwerp with the Baltic Region 1400–1800. Papers Presented at the Third International Conference of the ‘Assocation Internationale d’Histoire des Mers Nordiques de l’Europe’. Utrecht 1983 (Leiden, 1983).

DENMARK

Denmark by Erik Gøbel and Ulrich Flaskager Hansen COPENHAGEN CITY ARCHIVES Stadsarkivet Copenhagen www.ksa.kk.dk

Town Archives, Register 1400–1848 Record group Town Archives, Register 1400–1848 Stadsarkivet, registratur 1400–1848 Reference code : not applicable Period : 1450–1800 Extent : 30000 metres Abstract Generally, the holdings of the Copenhagen City Archives contain records deriving from or otherwise concerning the administrative institutions of Copenhagen. In addition, the holdings include all kinds of documents of private individuals, companies and various types of local associations. Furthermore, the City Archives keep an important collection of maps and drawings. The vast majority of the material dates from the period after the re of Copenhagen in 1728. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1702–1800 : Denmark, the Netherlands, various countries : Danish, Dutch, various languages

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Relevant materials include the following: •

• • •

Bøger, no. 25: Book containing transcripts of letters and accounts concerning the payment in 1702 of 80000 rixdollars as “satisfaction money” by the Dutch States General as compensation for Danish ships and cargo captured by the Dutch during wars, which sum was deposited by the Danish at the Magistrate, which in turn released the payments to the merchants, 1702–1707. MC 721–63: Valuations of ships and cargoes, 1712– 1801 (38 boxes). MC 764–81: Papers concerning ships and crafts from Copenhagen, 1767–1800 (7 volumes). MC 771–75: List of incoming and outgoing ships at the Copenhagen customs house, 1742–1800 (5 boxes).

DANISH NATIONAL ARCHIVES Statens Arkiver, Rigsarkivet Copenhagen www.sa.dk/ra

Accounting and Auditing 1438–1559, 1559–1660, 1660–1848 Record group Accounting and Auditing 1438–1559, 1559–1660, 1660–1848 Regnskabs- og revisionsvæsen 1438–1559, 1559–1660, 1660–1848 Reference codes : 569, 570, 571 Period : 1438–1559, 1559–1660, 1660–1848 Extent : several hundreds of metres

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Abstract As the registration of the accounts has been inconsistent and inadequate, it is difcult to obtain an overall view of this voluminous record group. Many of the audited accounts are led with the authority’s audit opinion and the reporting authority’s responses to the auditors’ questions and comments. The materials are far from complete and vouchers, invoices and receipts are often missing. It should be noted that there are also many accounts or draft accounts to be found in the archives of the reporting authorities. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1438–1800 : Denmark, various countries : Danish, various languages

It can be very difcult to nd particular documents, but several relevant records surely exist, especially records concerning customs duties along the east coast of Denmark and at former Danish possessions, for instance on the coast of south Sweden. Accessibility The most important published nding aid is the general survey in Wilhelm von Rosen (ed.), Rigsarkivet og hjælpemidlerne til dets benyttelse, Vols. I–II (Copenhagen, 1983), pp. 651–728. A general catalogue is available online at: www.daisy.sa.dk. In addition, there are various registers. Copies The materials from the period 1660–1848 have been put on lm: nos. S16 18.898–43.779. Related materials • • • • • •

Board of Finance 1771–1784 (reference code: 398). Board of Commerce 1735–1816 (reference code: 367). Chamber of Customs 1760–1848 (reference code: 365). Chamber of Revenue 1660–1848 (reference code: 303). Privy Council 1670–1770 (reference code: 229). Sound Toll Administration 1497–1858 (reference code: 571).

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Board of Commerce 1735–1816 Record group Board of Commerce 1735–1816 Kommercekollegiet 1735–1816 Reference code : 367 Period : 1735–1816 Extent : 2157 boxes Abstract The record group reects the activities of the Board of Commerce. It was engaged in primary production, manufactures and domestic and foreign trade, including consular services. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1670–1800 : Denmark, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Danish, English, Polish, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, various languages

Relevant items include the following: • • •

• • • • •

Box 357: Lists of ships from German Duchies, 1745–1757. Box 359: Commercial treaties, 1670–1756, including treaties between Denmark and the Netherlands, 1701. Box 361: Consular reports, including reports regarding: Amsterdam, 1750–1771; Gdansk (Danzig), 1750, 1763, 1767; Riga, 1760; Rotterdam, 1762, 1771; St. Petersburg, 1760–1761; Stockholm, 1764, 1747–1771. Boxes 407, 408: Records concerning shipping and trade, 1730–1768, including records concerning ship tolls, 1736. Box 409: Lists of ships from Denmark, Norway and German Duchies, 1746–1767. Box 426: Records concerning trade and industry, 1771–1772. Box 427: Consular reports, including reports from Riga and Rotterdam, 1771–1772. Box 908: Various records concerning trade and shipping, including: extracts (arranged alphabetically) of commodities passing through the

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• • • •

• • • • • • •

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Sound from the Baltic region, 1780; les concerning foreign trade, 1789, 1796–1797; les concerning trade and shipping in German Duchies, 1781–1797. Box 910: Files concerning exemption from duties of foreign ships. Boxes 912, 913: Lists of ships, with les concerning foreign ships calling at Danish harbours and paying toll, 1779–1781, 1789–1790. Box 914: Records concerning ships from Denmark, Norway and German Duchies, 1776–1796. Boxes 1115–1166: Consular reports primarily concerning trade, shipping, lists of ships, tolls and diplomatic relations with foreign countries, 1773–1797. Boxes 1180, 1588, 1611, 2155, 2156: Files concerning trade and shipping, 1763–1813. Box 1204: Account book concerning Danish harbours, 1796–1797. Boxes 1730–1739: Reports from the Danish Consulate in Gdansk, 1798–1816. Boxes 1779–1781: Reports from the Danish Consulate in Amsterdam, 1798–1816. Boxes 1812–1814: Lists of ships from Denmark and German Duchies, 1797–1815. Boxes 1796–1815: Various records concerning trade and shipping, including les regarding ship tolls, companies and shipowners, 1796–1816. Boxes 1968–1974: Monthly reports from the Chamber of Customs to the Board of Commerce concerning trade and shipping in Denmark, 1798, 1802, 1813–1816.

Accessibility For the archives dating from the period until 1816, see: J.O. Bro-Jørgensen and Morten Westrup, Kommercekollegiet 1735–1816 (Vejledende Arkivregistraturer, Vol. 22) (Copenhagen, 1984), which also explains the Board’s elds of authority, work routines and ling practices. (For the period after 1816, see: Frank Allan Rasmussen, Teknologi. Centraladministrationens behandling af teknologisager 1816–1996 (Administrationshistoriske Studier, Vol. 14) (Copenhagen, 1998), pp. 173–233.) The separate series of consular les is registered in: Udenrigsministeriet (Kommercekollegiet). Samlede sager 1762–1866. Sager til konsulatsjournal (Foreløbige Arkivregistraturer, Series 1, no. 1) (Copenhagen, 1963). See also the general survey in Wilhelm von Rosen (ed.), Rigsarkivet og hjælpemidlerne til dets benyttelse, Vol. I:1 (Copenhagen, 1983), pp. 441–468, and: www.daisy.sa.dk, for a general online catalogue.

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Record creator / provenance The Board of Commerce had two predecessors of the same name, which respectively operated from 1670 to approximately 1685 and from 1704 to 1731. Both predecessors were, however, mainly interested in local Copenhagen affairs, and the relatively small archives left by them are therefore kept at the Copenhagen City Archives. In 1735, a more broadly conceived college named the Board of Economics and Commerce was established. This institution continued its activities under slightly differing names until it was merged with the Board of Customs under the joint name of the Chamber of Customs and Commerce (1816–1848). Throughout the years, the Board of Commerce was engaged in primary production, manufactures and domestic and foreign trade, including consular services. Often the distinction between the Board’s eld of authority and that of the Chamber of Revenue was rather uid. Upon the abolition of the Board of Commerce in 1848, cases concerning foreign trade and consular services were transferred to the Foreign Ministry, while cases concerning domestic trade and industry went to the Ministry of the Interior. Related materials • • • • • •

Board of Finance 1771–1784 (reference code: 398). Chamber of Customs 1760–1848 (reference code: 365). Chamber of Revenue 1660–1848 (reference code: 303). Privy Council 1670–1770 (reference code: 229). Sound Toll Administration 1497–1858 (reference code: 571). Accounting and Auditing 1438–1559, 1559–1660, 1660–1848 (reference codes: 569, 570, 571).

Publications •

•

Glamann, Kristof, Otto Thott’s uforgribelige tanker om kommerciens tilstand. Et nationaløkonomisk programskrift fra 1735 (Copenhagen, 1966); expanded reissue: Kristof Glamann and Erik Oxenbøll, Studier i dansk merkantilisme. Omkring tekster af Otto Thott (Copenhagen, 1983), which is an essential source edition. Westrup, Morten, “Kommercekollegiet 1797”, in: Arkiv, 3 (1970), pp. 186–202, discussing the background of the Board’s reorganisation in 1797.

See also general works on the history of the Danish central administration and the introductions of the catalogues (mentioned under “Accessibility”) by J.O. Bro-Jørgensen and Morten Westrup (pp. 13–57) and Frank Allan Rasmussen.

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Board of Finance 1771–1784 Record group Board of Finance 1771–1784 Finanskollegiet 1771–1784 Reference code : 398 Period : 1771–1784 Extent : 1642 items Abstract This record group contains documents of the supreme governmental body that dealt with the central nance administration in the period 1771–1816. The Board of Finance’s archives from the period 1771–1784 comprise 447 archival units, while the archives for the years 1784–1816 consist of 1195 archival units. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1670–1784 : Denmark : Danish

Boxes 78–79 contain nancial papers originating from C.L. Stemann, a high ofcial, which include les concerning the Sound Toll, (1670) 1771–1780, 1771–1784. Accessibility A detailed catalogue is to be found in: Enevældens Finansarkiver (Vejledende Arkivregistraturer, 23) (Copenhagen, 1996), pp. 89–115. See also the survey in Wilhelm von Rosen (ed.), Rigsarkivet og hjælpemidlerne til dets benyttelse, Vol. I:1 (Copenhagen, 1983), pp. 486–491, and: www.daisy.sa.dk, for a general online catalogue. Record creator / provenance When the Board of Finance was established in 1771, it was the supreme authority of the entire central nancial administration, but from 1774 on it controlled only governmental expenditures, monetary matters, etc. The Board of Finance ensured that the Exchequer disbursed to the various administrative branches the money required for salaries, building maintenance, ofce expenses, etc. In 1784, the Board’s authority was reduced

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to submitting proposals for the king’s decisions, while transactions in the form of disbursements were handled by the Assignation and Bookkeeping Directorate. Related materials • • • • • •

Board of Commerce 1735–1816 (reference code: 367). Chamber of Customs 1760–1848 (reference code: 365). Chamber of Revenue 1660–1848 (reference code: 303). Privy Council 1670–1770 (reference code: 229). Sound Toll Administration 1497–1858 (reference code: 571). Accounting and Auditing 1438–1559, 1559–1660, 1660–1848 (reference codes: 569, 570, 571).

Publications For the Board of Finance, the nancial archives in general and the period 1661–1699 in particular, see: Carl S. Christiansen, Bidrag til den danske Statshusholdnings Historie under de to første Enevoldskonger, Vols. 1–2 (Copenhagen, 1922). For the period 1699–1784, see: J. Boisen Schmidt, Studier over statshusholdningen i kong Frederik IV’s tid 1699–1730 (Copenhagen, 1967). For the period 1784–1793, see: Hans Christian Johansen, Dansk økonomisk politik i årene efter 1784, Vols. 1–2 (Århus, 1968, 1980). An organisational study is to be found in: Harald Jørgensen, “Finansforvaltningens Omdannelse i 1816. Bidrag til Centraladministrationens Historie under Frederik VI”, in: Historisk Tidsskrift, 10th series, Vol. 1 (1930–1931), pp. 191–209. A more archives-oriented study is Morten Westrup, “Finansarkiverne 1679–1816”, in: Arkiv, 12 (1989), pp. 270–292. In addition, the archival catalogue from 1996 mentioned under “Accessibility” contains a great deal of useful information.

Chamber of Customs 1760–1848 Record group Chamber of Customs 1760–1848 Generaltoldkammeret 1760–1848 Reference code : 365 Period : 1760–1848 Extent : c. 6800 boxes, c. 800 metres

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Abstract The record group consists of papers concerning general cases such as customs regulations, appointments and customs buildings. The Chamber of Customs produced a good deal of statistics concerning customs, commerce, shipping, industry and prices. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1771–1776 : Denmark : Danish

Relevant is Box no. 22.2, containing various les concerning the Sound Toll from the period 1771–1776. Accessibility J. Bloch, Rentekammeret, Generaltoldkammeret og Kommercekollegiet 1660–1848 (Vejledende Arkivregistraturer, Vol. 2) (Copenhagen, 1892); this is the only detailed published nding aid, which now has become outdated due to later acquisitions and reclassication of the archives. Frank Allan Rasmussen, Teknologi. Centraladministrationens behandling af teknologisager 1816–1996 (Administrationshistoriske Studier, 14) (Copenhagen, 1998), pp. 173–233, listing in detail the section of commercial les. See also the survey in: Wilhelm von Rosen (ed.), Rigsarkivet og hjælpemidlerne til dets benyttelse, Vol. I:1 (Copenhagen, 1983), pp. 407–436, and: www.daisy.sa.dk, for a general online catalogue. Record creator / provenance The Chamber of Customs was established in 1760 under the designation of The West India and Guinea Chamber of Revenue and Customs. It dealt with general cases such as customs regulations, appointments and customs buildings, whereas various special ofces administered customs and customs duty exemption cases as well as harbours and lighthouses. Besides this, the Chamber was in charge of the central administration of the colonies. In 1816, the Chamber of Customs merged with the Board of Commerce. The new institution was named the Chamber of Customs and Commerce, but the various ofces, including the India Ofce, continued their work and ling practice as before. In 1848, upon the transition to ministerial government, the Chamber of Customs was abolished and its most important duties taken over by the Customs Directorate.

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Related materials • • • • • •

Board of Finance 1771–1784 (reference code: 398). Board of Commerce 1735–1816 (reference code: 367). Chamber of Revenue 1660–1848 (reference code: 303). Privy Council 1670–1770 (reference code: 229). Sound Toll Administration 1497–1858 (reference code: 571). Accounting and Auditing 1438–1559, 1559–1660, 1660–1848 (reference codes: 569, 570, 571).

Publications • • •

Jørgensen, F., Af det dansk-norske Toldvæsens Historie i det 18. Aarhundrede (Rønne, 1905). Rasch, Aage, “Den kgl. Kanalkommissions arkiv 1774ff ”, in: Arkiv, 3 (1969), pp. 118–126. Rosen, Wilhelm von, “Købstædernes havnekommissioner 1798–1868”, in: Arkiv, 6 (1977), pp. 168–189.

Chamber of Revenue 1660–1848 Record group Chamber of Revenue 1660–1848 Rentekammeret 1660–1848 Reference code : 303 Period : 1660–1848 Extent : c. 21000 items, c. 2000 metres Abstract The Chamber of Revenue’s archives (1660–1848) are divided into one main section of cases led according to ofce, another smaller section of cases thematically led, and a minor section of cases led under the commissions that generated them.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1680–1800 : Denmark, the Netherlands : Danish, Dutch

Only two items are relevant: • •

Box 2214.39: Records concerning toll, including the Sound toll, 1680– 1848. Box 222.890: Letters from the legation of the Netherlands concerning the arrest of a Dutch shipmaster, 1682.

Accessibility The Chamber of Revenue’s Danish Department is catalogued and described in detail in: Jens Holmgaard, Rentekammeret I: Danske og norske afdelinger 1660–1848 (Vejledende Arkivregistraturer, 12) (Copenhagen, 1964), pp. 1–258. This catalogue partly replaces the obsolete catalogue of the entire archives of the Chamber of Revenue in: J. Bloch, Rentekammeret, Generaltoldkammeret og Kommercekollegiet 1660–1848 (Vejledende Arkivregistraturer, 2) (Copenhagen, 1892), pp. 1–246. For further information, see the general survey in Wilhelm von Rosen (ed.), Rigsarkivet og hjælpemidlerne til dets benyttelse, Vol. I:1 (Copenhagen, 1983), pp. 317–385, and also: www.daisy.sa.dk, for a general online catalogue. Record creator / provenance The Chamber of Revenue was an old and important institution, until 1679 simply called the Treasury. Originally, the Chamber of Revenue was a scal agency managing payments received and disbursed by the Danish state and auditing the accounts of government agencies and ofcials. It gradually developed into the central agency for the administration of a large number of material matters and policies, for instance regarding agricultural affairs, buildings, roads, veterinary affairs, forestry and hunting, and the emerging eld of statistics. Until 1841, the Chamber of Revenue was divided into a Danish, Norwegian and German department. For a brief period, from May 1771 to January 1773, the Chamber of Revenue was formally abolished and its affairs were transferred to the newly established Board of Finance’s Third Bureau, but the practical work in the ofces continued almost unchanged and the archival material from this interlude is to be found in the Chamber of Revenue’s

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archives. In 1841, the Chamber of Revenue was divided into three topical sections, replacing the geographical division prevailing hitherto. In the course of time, the Chamber of Revenue, which was very large, ceded various areas of authority to newly established institutions, e.g. in 1735 to the Board of Commerce, in 1760 to the Chamber of Customs, and in 1762 to the Central Internal Revenue Directorate. When ministerial government was introduced in 1848, the Chamber of Revenue was abolished. Related materials • • • • • •

Board of Finance 1771–1784 (reference code: 398). Board of Commerce 1735–1816 (reference code: 367). Chamber of Customs 1760–1848 (reference code: 365). Privy Council 1670–1770 (reference code: 229). Sound Toll Administration 1497–1858 (reference code: 571). Accounting and Auditing 1438–1559, 1559–1660, 1660–1848 (reference codes: 569, 570, 571).

In addition, the large collection of accounts submitted from near and far to the Chamber of Revenue for auditing has been sorted out into a separate archival group (see also: www.virgin-islands-history.dk/eng/a_audit.asp). Publications •

•

•

•

Bjerre Jensen, Birgit, “Rentekammerets originale embedsansøgninger 1660–1848. En ødelagt gruppe arkivalier”, in: Arkiv, 8 (1981), pp. 167–179; describing specic series of archival materials. Grundtvig, Johan (ed.), “Bidrag til Rentekammerets Historie”; for the period 1660–1673 in: Meddelelser fra Rentekammerarchivet 1873–1876 (Copenhagen, 1876) pp. 1–144; for the period 1773–1816 in: Meddelelser fra Rentekammerarchivet 1877 (Copenhagen, 1878), pp. 1–129; and for the period 1816–1848, in: Meddelelser fra Rentekammerarchivet 1878 (Copenhagen, 1879), pp. 1–106; essential works containing various instructions, etc. concerning the Chamber of Revenue and its elds of authority. Holmgaard, Jens, “Arkivkommssionen af 1790. Et bidrag til rentekammerarkivets og proveniensprincippets historie”, in: Afhandlinger om arkiver. Ved Rigsarkivets 75-års jubilæum 1964 (Copenhagen, 1964), pp. 139–155. Wiemann Eriksen, August, and Karen Hjorth, “Rentekammerjournalen. Et 250–års jubilæum”, in: Arkiv, 13 (1990), pp. 49–71.

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Department of Foreign Affairs 1770–1848 Record group Department of Foreign Affairs 1770–1848 Departementet for Udenlandske Anliggender 1770–1848 Reference code : 302 Period : 1770–1848 Extent : 3003 boxes Abstract The records reect the two main duties of the Department of Foreign Affairs (established in 1770): political relations with foreign nations and individual citizens’ private affairs abroad. The records sent home by Danish diplomatic representations abroad are included in the Department’s archives as well. Two special collections contain dispatches sent home from Danish representations abroad and treaties between Denmark and foreign nations. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1770–1800 : Denmark, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Danish, Dutch, English, Polish, Russian, Spanish, Swedish

Materials relevant with regard to the Baltic Sea can be divided into two main groups: thematically sorted les, distinguished by letters, and topographically sorted les, arranged according to country. THEMATICALLY SORTED FILES Letter E Embargo * Boxes 800–801: Papers concerning the embargo of ships, 1793–1812. Letter F Fishing * Boxes 812–813: Papers concerning shing, 1773–1748.

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Shipping lights * Boxes 833–838: Papers concerning lights, lighthouses, beacons and buoys, 1772–1847. Letter H Harbour dues * Box 878: Papers concerning harbour dues, 1771–1846. Letter K Privateering * Boxes 921, 932–933: Papers concerning the capture of ships and privateering, 1778–1815. Maps * Box 989: Papers regarding the forwarding of land maps and sea charts, 1774–1847. Letter L Pilotage * Boxes 1039–1040: Papers concerning compulsory pilotage, pilotage authorities etc., 1773–1747. Letter M Marine * Boxes 1043, 1047: Marine papers (the latter box contains removed les), 1783–1844. Sailors * Boxes 1057, 1060: Papers concerning the engagement of and search for sailors etc., 1771–1841. Letter N Neutrality * Boxes 1090–1093: Papers concerning Denmark and other states’ neutrality, shipping and trade, 1778–1847. Letter R Reports * Box 1173: Correspondence regarding ship’s reports, 1778–1799. Letter S Shipping * Boxes 1203–1207: Papers concerning passports, certicates and dues (loading charges) for shipping, 1771–1847.

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Suppression of the slave trade * Boxes 1208–1213: Correspondence regarding the suppression of the slave trade, 1792–1848. Letter T Treaties * Boxes 1293–1299: Printed treaties, ordered topographically, 1771–1847 (some boxes also contain correspondence). Letter Ø The Sound * Correspondence concerning negotiations about the Sound toll with the following countries: – Box 1346: England, 1772–1831. – Box 1347: France, the Netherlands and Portugal, 1770–1846. – Boxes 1352–1353: Russia, 1777–1846. – Box 1354: Spain, 1771–1802. – Box 1355: Sweden, 1775–1841. – Box 1356: Austria and North America, 1771–1848. * Box 1359: Papers concerning toll-free passage through the Sound, 1773–1842. * Box 1360: Papers regarding protests about the Sound toll, privileged and unprivileged nations in the Sound and papers concerning the calculation of the Sound duty, 1776–1847. The Baltic Sea * Box 1366: Papers concerning the closure of the Baltic Sea, 1781–1801. TOPOGRAPHICALLY SORTED FILES The Netherlands I.b. Papers concerning the Dutch representation * Box 2173: Papers concerning and correspondence with the Dutch legation, 1777–1842. * Box 2174: Papers concerning Dutch consuls, 1781–1844. I.d. Papers concerning the Danish representation * Boxes 2175–2176: Papers concerning the Danish legation at The Hague, 1771–1847. * Boxes 2177–2179: Papers concerning the staff at the Danish legation at The Hague, 1772–1840. * Box 2182: Correspondence with the Danish consuls in Amsterdam, 1772–1815.

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* Box 2183: Papers concerning Danish consuls in the Netherlands, 1749– 1847. I.e. Other papers * Box 2185: Papers concerning vessels bound for the Dutch West Indies, 1783–1808. * Box 2186: Papers concerning conscated Dutch vessels, 1795–1810. * Box 2188: Miscellanea (primarily dealing with shipping and trade matters), 1781–1795. II. Reports * Boxes 2191–2228: Reports, 1771–1800. Poland I.c. Papers concerning the Polish legation * Box 2332: Papers concerning the Polish legation in Denmark, 1789– 1797. I.d. Papers concerning the Danish legation * Boxes 2333–2334: Papers concerning the Danish legation in Poland, 1766–1795. Russia I.b. Papers concerning treaties, conventions, etc. * Box 2377: Material regarding the maritime convention of 9 July 1780 on the freedom of neutral trading and shipping between Denmark and Russia, 1780–1782 (see also boxes 2378–2381). * Boxes 2378–2381: Material concerning negotiations with Russia on treaties, 1780–1807 (see also box 2377). I.c. Papers concerning the Russian representation * Box 2384: Papers regarding the Russian legation, 1766–1809. * Box 2385: Correspondence with the Russian legation, 1771–1839. * Box 2386: Papers concerning Russian agents and consuls in Denmark, 1777–1843. * Box 2387: Papers concerning creditors of the Russian consul in Glückstadt, including R.E. Etchel (who in 1789 equipped privateer vessels and subsequently got indebted), 1789–1792. I.d. Papers concerning the Danish representation * Boxes 2388–2390: Papers concerning the legation in St. Petersburg, 1771–1823. * Box 2391: Papers concerning Danish consuls in Russia, 1775–1811. I.e. Other papers * Boxes 2412–2413: Miscellanea (including papers concerning the Russian man-of-war wrecked off Helsingør in 1789, a report on the Russian court,

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and the original passport for J. Merkowitch, signed by Katarina II on 15 May 1780), 1772–1802. Sweden-Norway I.b. Papers concerning the convention and treaties with Sweden-Norway * Box 2562: Papers concerning the convention of 27 March 1794 on the protection of neutral trade and shipping between Sweden and Denmark, 1795–1797. * Box 2566: Miscellaneous Swedish treaties (containing printed or transcribed treaties between Sweden and other counties, including the Kiel Treaty of January 1814), 1790–1813. I.c. Papers concerning the Swedish-Norwegian representation * Box 2586: Papers concerning the Swedish-Norwegian legation, 1771– 1848. * Box 2587: Correspondence with the Swedish-Norwegian legation, 1771–1803. * Box 2593: Papers concerning Swedish-Norwegian consuls in Denmark, 1782–1813. I.e. Other papers * Box 2609: Papers concerning the Swedish emissaries in Norway, marine reports from man-of-war captains and from the admiralty as well as transportation of timber at the Swedish-Norwegian border, 1741–1809. * Box 2610: Miscellaneous papers concerning the border between Norway and Sweden, 1776–1808. * Boxes 2611–2614: Papers concerning the Danish Campaign in Sweden, 1788 (including reports on the army’s advance as well as materials regarding negotiations with England and Prussia in 1789 and regarding H. Sneedorff’s mission in July 1789 to the Russian navy, 1788–1789) (boxes 2613–2614 include materials found in the estate of the head of the Department, C. Bernstoff, which was returned to the Department in 1817). * Box 2631: Papers concerning the sale of the County of Larvig (near Oslo) in 1817 and regarding Danish ships captured by the Swedes, 1788–1839. * Box 2636: Papers concerning Swedish ships captured by the Russians, 1788–1797. * Box 2640: Papers concerning the planned attempt to destroy the Russian navy in Copenhagen in 1789 and the Swedish prisoners of war interned on the island of Bornholm by the Russians, 1789–1796 (the destruction was planned by the Swedish naval lieutenant Bentzelstierna, among others, by setting re to the Russian eet at Copenhagen). * Boxes 2649–2652: Papers concerning mail and postal communications between Denmark and Sweden-Norway, 1775–1847 (boxes 2650–2652 contain removed les).

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* Box 2653: Papers concerning the transport of silver through Sweden from Norway and Dano-Swedish trade and shipping (including trade agreements), 1782–1849. Accessibility The most important published nding aids are: •

•

Steen M. Ousager and Hans Schultz Hansen, The Department of Foreign Affairs 1770–1848 (Vejledende Arkivregistraturer, 24) (Copenhagen, 1997), with relevant sections “Thematically sorted les” and “Topographically sorted les”. Tyske Kancelli Udenrigske Afdeling—1770, Departement for udenlandske Anliggender 1770–1848 (lm catalogue, 1) (Copenhagen, 1975), with relevant sections “Gruppeordnede sager” and “Topogrask ordnede sager”.

See also the general survey in Wilhelm von Rosen (ed.), Rigsarkivet og hjælpemidlerne til dets benyttelse, Vol. I:1 (Copenhagen, 1983), pp. 309–315, and: www.daisy.sa.dk, for a general online catalogue. Record creator / provenance The establishment of an absolute monarchy in Denmark in 1660 gave the king personal control of foreign affairs. In 1670 the central direction of foreign affairs was entrusted to the king’s council (the Privy Council), while the Danish and German Chancelleries served as administrative ofces, concerned with domestic and foreign affairs respectively. From 1676 to 1770, the German Chancellery’s foreign division handled all cases concerning political relations with foreign nations, while the German Chancellery’s domestic division handled a large part of the foreign correspondence concerning the private affairs of individual Danish citizens. In December 1770, the Department of Foreign Affairs was established and charged with both political relations with foreign nations and individual citizens’ private affairs abroad. In the ministerial reform of 1848, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was created and took over the functions of the former Department. The Sound (in Danish: Øresund) was of vital importance for Danish seapower. The Sound Duty (Øresundstold ) was introduced in 1429 by Erik VII and brought considerable income to the country for more than 400 years. This customs duty, which was levied on foreign merchant vessels passing Kronborg (a castle at Helsingør north of Copenhagen), was occasionally

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the cause of international conicts, and the reduction of this duty, or its temporary removal, was a clause in many peace treaties throughout the seventeenth century. The role of the Danish nation as “watchman of the Baltic” was further emphasised by the strategic choice of Copenhagen as both the capital and the home of the eet, situated as it was at that time in the middle of the Kingdom of Denmark. Copies The following materials have been put on lm: • •

Thematically sorted les: “Letter E”, boxes 800–801, and “Letter Ø”, box 1366 (lm nos. S16 1912–2021). Topographically sorted les: “the Netherlands”, box 2173, and “SwedenNorway”, box 2653 (lm nos. S16 2036–2173).

Related materials •

•

Foreign Department of the German Chancery until 1676 (1770) (Tyske Kancellis Udenrigske Afdeling indtil 1676 (1770), reference code: 301). Foreign Department of the Danish Chancery until 1670 (1698) (Danske Kancellis Udenrigske Afdeling indtil 1676 (1698), reference code: 232).

Publications • •

Kjølsen, Klaus, “Udenrigsministeriets arkiv 1770–1970”, in: Afhandlinger om Arkiver (Copenhagen, 1964), pp. 107–118. Kjølsen, Klaus, and Viggo Sjøqvist, Den danske udenrigstjeneste 1770– 1970, Vol. 1 (Copenhagen, 1970), pp. 1–312; this is the standard work on the history of the Department; for a (heavily) abridged version, see Klaus Kjølsen and Birthe Andersen, The Foreign Service of Denmark 1770–1970 (Copenhagen, 1970).

See also the introduction on pp. 1–19 in the catalogue by Steen M. Ousager and Hans Schultz Hansen mentioned under “Accessibility”. Note that the treaties concluded between Denmark and foreign nations are available in print.

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Foreign Department of the Danish Chancery until 1670 (1698) Record group Foreign Department of the Danish Chancery until 1670 (1698) Danske Kancellis Udenrigske Afdeling indtil 1670 (1698) Reference code : 232 Period : 1571–1676 (1698) Extent : 32 boxes, c. 4 metres Abstract This small record group consists of two main sections: Foreign Department of the Danish Chancery 1670, and Foreign Department of the Danish Chancery 1670–1676 (1698). Both sections include various kinds of records but mainly letter books of incoming and outgoing correspondence with various countries. The Danish Chancery presumably kept documents and books concerning various foreign nations, led under the designation of Foreign Department of the Danish Chancellery. The Chancery certainly kept volumes with Russian and Swedish Acta, order books over the years 1613–1669 and the indexes to foreign affairs. It probably also kept volumes concerning Imperial German, English, French, Dutch, Polish and Spanish affairs, in any case until the year 1673. Such materials from the subsequent period seem to have been kept at the Chancery as well. All documents until 1676 led under the headings Russia and Sweden, which for practical reasons were marked as belonging to the German Chancery (to which they were actually passed from 1676 onward), are also part of the Danish Chancery’s holdings. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1571–1698 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Danish, Dutch, English, Russian, Swedish, various languages

Relevant materials are to be found in two series:

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FOREIGN DEPARTMENT OF THE DANISH CHANCERY UNTIL 1670 •

Boxes 1–18: Various les, including registers and letter books of incoming and outgoing dispatches from and to Russia, Sweden and Poland, 1571–1675.

FOREIGN DEPARTMENT OF THE DANISH CHANCERY 1670–1676 (1698) •

Boxes 1–14: Various les, including registers and letter books of incoming and outgoing dispatches from and to Russia, Sweden, Germany and the Netherlands, 1670–1698.

Accessibility The most important nding aid in print is: Arthur G. Hassø and Erik Kroman, Danish Department of Foreign Affairs until 1770 (Vejledende Arkivregistraturer, 16) (Copenhagen, 1973), which is an English and slightly abridged version of a detailed catalogue in Danish by Arthur G. Hassø and Erik Kroman, Tyske Kancelli II. Gehejmekonseillet 1670–1770, Danske Kancellis Udenrigske Afdeling til 1676 (1698) og Tyske Kancellis Udenrigske Afdeling til 1770 (Vejledende Arkivregistraturer, 11) (Copenhagen, 1962). See also: Tyske Kancelli Udenrigske Afdeling–1770, Departementet for Udenrigske Anliggender 1770–1848 og Udenrigsministeriet 1848–ca. 1909 (lm catalogue no. 1) (Copenhagen, 1975), published by the Danish National Archives, which is an incomplete catalogue, but includes a survey of the rather large sections of the foreign-service archives that have been microlmed. For further information, see the general survey in: Wilhelm von Rosen (ed.), Rigsarkivet og hjælpemidlerne til dets benyttelse, Vol. I:1 (Copenhagen, 1983), pp. 301–309, and: www.daisy.sa.dk, for a general online catalogue. Record creator / provenance The establishment of an absolute monarchy in Denmark in 1660 gave the king personal control of foreign affairs. In 1670 the central direction of foreign affairs was entrusted to the king’s council (the Privy Council), while the Danish and German Chanceries served as administrative ofces, concerned with domestic and foreign affairs respectively. From 1676 to 1770, the German Chancery’s foreign division handled all cases concerning political relations with foreign nations, while the German Chancery’s domestic

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division handled a large part of the foreign correspondence concerning the private affairs of individual Danish citizens. In December 1770, the Department of Foreign Affairs was established and charged with both political relations with foreign nations and individual citizens’ private affairs abroad. In the ministerial reform of 1848, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was created and took over the functions of the former Department. Related materials •

•

Foreign Department of the German Chancery until 1676 (1770) (Tyske Kancellis Udenrigske Afdeling indtil 1676 (1770), reference code: 301). Department of Foreign Affairs 1770–1848 (Departementet for Udenlandske Anliggender 1770–1848, reference code: 302).

Publications •

Kjølsen, Klaus, Det diplomatiske fag. Den danske Udenrigstjenestes Forvaltning 1700–1770 (Odense, 1991); this is a thorough description of the affairs of the Chancery in its nal period.

See also the introductions on Chancery procedures and ling routines in the archival catalogues by Arthur G. Hassø and Erik Kroman mentioned under “Accessibility”, especially pp. 1–21 in the Danish version.

Foreign Department of the German Chancery until 1676 (1770) Record group Foreign Department of the German Chancery until 1676 (1770) Tyske Kancellis Udenrigske Afdeling indtil 1676 (1770) Reference code : 301 Period : 1223–1770 Extent : c. 600 boxes, c. 70 metres Abstract These archives consist of two main sections: general and special. The general section chiey comprises copybooks of outgoing letters, sorted chronologi-

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cally, while the special section includes most of the incoming letters, etc., sorted geographically. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1223–1770 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, High German, Latvian, Lithuanian, Low German, Polish, Russian, Swedish, various languages

GENERAL SECTION 3. Sundries until 1770 * Boxes 2–37: Realia, litra A-Ø, among other papers including les concerning the following subjects: Elbe, Sound and other tolls, embargo, lighthouses, industries, trade, passports and shipbuilding, 1255–1773. * Box 79: Treaty reference book, containing copies of treaties, 1214– 1629. * Box 80: Copies or letter books of treaties with foreign powers, 1544– 1683. * Box 81: “Protocollum Tractatuum Anno 1706”, 1663–1762. * Box 82: Copies of treaties and agreements concerning the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, 1533–1762. * Box 83: Copies of treaties between Denmark-Norway and various foreign powers, 1570–1772. * Box 86: “Tractaten mit Chur Brandenburg de Anno 1659 usq. Anno 1692” (treaties with Brandenburg), 1659–1692. * Boxes 87–88: Copies of treaties between Denmark-Norway and Brandenburg (Prussia), 1659–1716. * Boxes 89–90: Copies of treaties between Denmark-Norway and various German states, 1323–1768. * Box: 95: Treaties between the King of Denmark-Norway and the States General of the Netherlands, with chronological list, 1544–1696. * Box 96: Copies of treaties between Denmark-Norway and the Netherlands, 1645–1731. * Box 97: Copies of treaties between Denmark-Norway and Poland, 1657–1713. * Box 98: Copies of Russian treaties with Denmark and documents concerning these alliances, 1516–1773.

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* Box 99: Copies of treaties between Denmark and Sweden, 1541–1693. * Boxes 100–102: Copies of treaties between Denmark-Norway and Sweden, 1343–1756. * Box 103: Letter book of treaties between foreign powers, 1656–1674. * Boxes 104–105: Copies of treaties concluded between foreign powers, hand-written or printed, 1326–1768. * Box 110: Copies of treaties concluded between Sweden and foreign powers, hand-written or printed, 1537–1763. * Box 111: Compendium concerning the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein (and the counties of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst), 1326–1658. * Box 113: Collection of treaties etc., printed or copied, with list, 1689– 1702. * Box 114: Copies of treaties concluded between Denmark-Norway and Sweden, printed, 1658–1751. * Box 115: Copies of treaties etc. concluded between Denmark-Norway, Germany, Russia, Sweden and other states, printed, 1658–1758. * Box 117: Controversial pamphlets concerning Gottorp, Plön, Varel (the Oldenburg inheritance) and the Diocese of Lübeck as well as Ratzeburg, 1679–1762. SPECIAL SECTION GERMANY: Emperor A.I. Correspondence between Princely Houses * Boxes 1–8: Correspondence between Princely Houses, 1522–1770. A.II. Documents concerning political relations with the Emperor * Boxes 9–22: Various documents concerning political relations with the Emperor, 1474–1770. A.III. Documents concerning trade and shipping, sundries and copies * Box 23: Documents concerning trade and shipping and sundries, 1542– 1760. * Boxes 24–25: Copies of various les concerning trade and shipping, 1434–1767. B. Relations * Boxes 26–103: Various les concerning relations between Denmark and the German Emperors, 1521–1756. C. Legation archives * Boxes 104–234: Various les concerning relations between Denmark and the German Emperors, mostly including letter books and royal orders, 1570–1798.

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GERMANY: Reichstag (Diet) and Reichskammergericht (Supreme Court of the Reich) A.II. Documents and session reports; A.III. Sundries; C. Legation archives 1570–1770 * Boxes 1–409: Various materials containing information about the Reichstag and the Reichskammergericht, including Diet documents, laws for the Empire and Imperial ratications, correspondence and letters exchanged with various legations, 1544–1773. GERMANY: Pomerania (Pommern) A.I. Correspondence between Princely Houses * Boxes 1–8: Letters, partly with enclosures, 1512–1650. A.II. Documents concerning political relations with Pomerania * Boxes 9–17: Various les concerning relations between Denmark and Pomerania, 1530–1585. A.III. Sundries, copies * Boxes 18–20: Sundries and copies, 1431–1665. GERMANY: Prussia 1516–1626 A.I. Correspondence between Princely Houses * Boxes 1–7: Correspondence between Princely Houses, 1526–1626. A.II. Documents concerning political relations with Prussia * Boxes 8–10: Documents concerning political relations with Prussia, 1516–1605. GERMANY: Brandenburg-Prussia 1504–1771 A.I. Correspondence between Princely Houses * Boxes 1–19: Correspondence between Princely Houses, 1504–1771. A.II. Documents concerning political relations with Brandenburg-Prussia * Boxes 20–29: Various documents concerning political relations with Brandenburg-Prussia, 1504–1770. A.III. Trade and shipping, sundries, copies * Box 31: Negotiations concerning seized Prussian ships, 1710–1713. * Box 32: Exemptions from the Sound Toll for Szczecin (Stettin), Slupsk (Stolp), Kolobrzeg (Kolberg), Rügenwalde and other towns, and dispatches of sea passes, 1720–1765. * Box 33: Negotiations and correspondence concerning a commercial treaty with Prussia, 1763–1769. * Box 35: Negotiations and correspondence with Prussian envoys at Copenhagen, 1730–1769. * Box 36: Copies of letters, etc., 1524–1751. * Box 37: Printed matter, 1617–1756.

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B. Relations; C. Legation archives * Boxes 38–176: Various les concerning relations between Denmark and Brandenburg-Prussia, 1556–1770. GERMANY: Brandenburg-Anspach A.I and A.III. Correspondence between Princely Houses and sundries * Box 177: Various les concerning relations between Denmark and Brandenburg-Anspach, 1536–1770. GERMANY: Brandenburg-Bayreuth A.I. Correspondence between Princely Houses * Boxes 178–179: Various les concerning relations between Denmark and Brandenburg-Bayreuth, 1595–1770. A.III. Sundries * Boxes 180–182: Sundries, 1715–1772. GERMANY: Brandenburg-Culmbach A.I and A.III. Correspondence between Princely Houses, sundries and copies * Box 183: Various les concerning relations between Denmark and Brandenburg-Culmbach, 1515, 1552, 1699–1731. GERMANY: Braunschweig-Lüneburg (Hannover) A.I. Correspondence between Princely Houses, and letters from the town of Braunschweig * Boxes 1–30: Various les concerning relations between Denmark and Brandenburg-Braunschweig, 1522–1770. A.II. Documents concerning political relations with Braunschweig-Lüneburg * Boxes 31–49: Different kinds of documents concerning political relations between Denmark and Braunschweig-Lüneburg, 1519–1769. A.III. Sundries, copies and printed matter * Boxes 50–56: Sundries, copies and printed matter, 1480–1739. B. Relations; C. Legation archives * Boxes 57–172: Various les concerning relations between Denmark and Brandenburg-Prussia, 1544–1762. GERMANY: Diocese of Bremen A.I. Correspondence between the Princely House of Denmark and the Diocese of Bremen * Boxes 1–7: Correspondence between the Princely House of Denmark and the Diocese of Bremen, 1519–1646.

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A.II. Documents concerning political relations with the Diocese of Bremen * Boxes 8–19: Various documents concerning political relations with the Diocese of Bremen, 1544–1640. A.III. Sundries, copies and printed matter concerning the Diocese of Bremen * Box 20: Sundries, copies and printed matter, 1522–1644. GERMANY: Duchy of Bremen A.II. Documents concerning the political relations with the Duchy of Bremen * Box 21: Documents concerning political relations with the Duchy of Bremen and Verden, 1649–1676. A.III. Documents on trade and shipping, sundries, copies and printed matter * Box 22: Papers concerning the Elseth (near Bremen) toll, sundries, copies and printed matter, 1648–1713. B. Relations; C. Legation archives * Boxes 23–28: Various les concerning relations between Denmark and the Duchy of Bremen, 1675–1678. GERMANY: Bremen (town) A.I. Correspondence between the Princely House of Denmark and the burgomaster of Bremen * Boxes 29–32: Various les concerning relations between Denmark and the town of Bremen and its burgomaster, 1537–1770. A.II. Documents concerning political relations with the town of Bremen * Box 33: Various documents concerning political relations with the town of Bremen, 1532–1759. A.III. Documents on trade and shipping, sundries, copies and printed matter * Box 34: Incoming letters concerning toll on cargo in the Sound area, 1560–1711. * Box 34: Incoming letters concerning shipping from the port of Bergen in Norway, 1617–1623. * Box 34: sundries, copies and printed matter, 1525–1758. B. Documents from representatives, correspondents and commissioners * Boxes 35–38: Various documents concerning relations between Denmark and the town of Bremen, 1666–1716. GERMANY: Duchy of Bremen during the Danish occupation 1712–1715 Reports, applications and sundries * Box 39: Royal orders with enclosures to people appointed at the Government Chancery in the Duchies of Bremen and Verden, 1712.

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* Boxes 40–41: Reports from the Royal Government in the Duchies of Bremen and Verden, with enclosures, 1712–1715. * Box 42: Reports from Andreas Weyse, chief inspector of nances of the Duchies of Bremen and Verden, with enclosures, 1712–1715. * Box 43: Petitions from the landed aristocracy and the towns of Stade and Buxtehude, with copies of patents, etc. GERMANY: Gdansk (Danzig) A.I. Letters from burgomasters and council * Boxes 1–3: Letters from burgomasters and council, 1524–1770 (from 1700 onward drafts of answers are enclosed). A.II. Documents concerning political relations with Gdansk * Boxes 4–6: Various documents concerning political relations with Gdansk, 1533–1698. A.III. Documents on trade and shipping, sundries, copies and printed matter * Box 7: Containing documents concerning the capture of Danish ships by Polish and Gdansk freebooters, etc., 1524–1770. * Box 8: Sundries and copies, including documents regarding the war between Gdansk and Poland between 1577 and 1580, etc., 1537–1727. * Box 9: Documents concerning Dano-Norwegian consuls in the town of Gdansk, 1731–1762. B. Documents from secretaries, commissioners, consuls and residents of Gdansk * Boxes 10–15: Various les concerning relations between Denmark and Gdansk, 1566–1770. GERMANY: Hamburg A.I. Letters from burgomasters and council * Boxes 1–2: Letters from burgomasters and council, etc., to members of the Danish Royal House, with enclosures and drafts, 1521–1770. A.II. Documents concerning political relations with Hamburg * Boxes 3–28: Various documents concerning political relations with Hamburg, 1302–1773. * Box 22: Including correspondence concerning the disagreements with the town of Hamburg on customs, excise, commerce and trade, 1737–1761. * Box 23: Including correspondence concerning wrecks and wreckage, 1737–1769. A.III. Sundries, copies and printed matter * Boxes 29–43: Sundries, copies and printed matter, 1189–1767. * Boxes 29–31: Including les concerning the release of a couple of ships at Femern, 1540; sea passports and marine insurances, 1732–1772; docu-

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ments concerning the shipwreck of Christophe Schrøder of Hamburg, 1631; and papers concerning shipping, trade and toll, 1654–1688. B. Relations; C. Legation archives * Boxes 44–198: Various kinds of documents concerning political relations with Hamburg, 1385–1798. GERMANY: Hanse towns A.I. Letters from Hanse towns to the Danish Royal House, State Council, etc. * Boxes 1–5: Various documents, in particular letters, concerning diplomatic relations with Hanse towns, 1509–1705. * Box 2: Including a list of various commodities passing through the Sound, 1583–1586. A.II. Documents concerning the political relations with Hanse towns * Boxes 6–15: Various documents concerning political relations with Hamburg, 1369–1700. * Box 6: Including an agreement between the Hanse towns and the Netherlands, 1525. * Box 11: Including papers concerning a complaint from Lübeck about harbour dues at Scania (southern Sweden), 1587–1588. * Box 15: Including various les concerning the Sound toll, 1642–1643, 1700, and the negotiated peace between Denmark and Sweden concerning trade and the Sound toll, 1642–1645. A.III. Sundries and copies * Boxes 16–18: Sundries, copies, 1250–1651. GERMANY: Lübeck A.I. Letters from burgomasters and council to Danish kings etc. * Boxes 1–13: Letters, partly with enclosures and drafts of answers, from burgomasters and council, etc., to members of the Danish Royal House, State Council and others, 1523–1770. A.II. Documents concerning political relations with Lübeck * Boxes 14–28: Various documents concerning political relations with Lübeck, 1523–1769. * Box 18: Including les concerning negotiations about the Sound toll, 1578–1583. * Box 19: Including papers concerning the Danish toll on various commodities aboard merchant ships from Lübeck, 1613–1616, negotiations between Denmark and Lübeck regarding trade in Denmark-Norway, 1616. * Box 20: Including papers concerning trade and shipping and les regarding merchant ships, 1681–1685.

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* Box 21: Including cases concerning trade and toll, 1690, 1700. A.III. Sundries, copies and printed matter * Boxes 29–31: Sundries, copies and printed matter, 1250–1761. B. Relations; C. Legation archives * Boxes 32–41: Various documents concerning political relations with Lübeck, 1385–1798. GERMANY: Diocese of Lübeck A.I. Correspondence with the Danish Royal House * Box 1: Letters, partly with enclosures and drafts of answers, from bishops and chapters, 1524–1770. A.II. Documents concerning the political relations with the Diocese of Lübeck * Boxes 2–18: Various documents concerning political relations with the Diocese of Lübeck, 1545–1766. A.III. Sundries, copies and printed matter * Boxes 19–20: Sundries, copies and printed matter, 1233–1757. GERMANY: Mecklenburg A.I. Correspondence between Princely Houses and Mecklenburg * Boxes 1–31: Letters, partly with enclosures, 1520–1753. A.II. Documents concerning political relations with Mecklenburg * Boxes 32–42: Various documents concerning political relations with Mecklenburg, 1523–1763. A.III. Sundries, copies * Boxes 43–45: Sundries, copies, 1525–1736. B. Relations; C. Legation archives * Boxes 46–48: Various records, 1545–1763. GERMANY: Oldenburg A.I. Correspondence between Princely Houses * Boxes 1–6: Letters, partly with enclosures, 1512–1698. A.II. Documents concerning political relations with Oldenburg * Boxes 7–52: Various documents concerning political relations with Oldenburg, 1408–1775. A.III. Sundries, copies and printed matter * Boxes 53–58: Sundries, copies and printed matter. * Box 55: Including les concerning the Elbe dues, etc., 1614–1681. GERMANY: Oldenburg Counts * Boxes 59–63: Various records, 1536–1678.

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GERMANY: Ratzeburg * Box 1: Various records, 1591–1603. KURLAND (COURLAND, LATVIA) A.I. Correspondence between Princely Houses * Box 1: Letters from members of the Ducal House to members of the Danish Royal House, 1562–1623. * Box 2: Letters, partly with enclosures and drafts of answers, from members of the Ducal House to members of the Danish Royal House and others, 1645–1737. A.II. Documents concerning political relations with Kurland * Boxes 3–5: Various documents concerning political relations with Kurland, 1562–1711. A.III. Sundries and copies * Box 6: Various documents and copies, 1223–1657. LIVLAND (LIVONIA, LATVIA) A.I. Letters to the King of Denmark * Boxes 1–3: Letters, partly with enclosures, from Masters of the Teutonic Order, bishops, and burgomasters and councils of Riga, 1533–1647. A.II. Documents, including supplement concerning political relations with Livland * Boxes 4–24: Various documents concerning political relations with Livland, 1228–1686. THE NETHERLANDS A.I. Correspondence with the Danish Royal House * Boxes 1–7: Letters, partly with enclosures and drafts of answers, 1556– 1705. A.II. Documents concerning political relations with the Netherlands * Boxes 8–27: Documents concerning political relations with the Netherlands, 1519–1769. * Box 10: Including les concerning the Sound toll, 1640. * Box 12: Documents concerning negotiations at Stade between Danish and Dutch delegates, regarding the increase of duties in Norway and the Sound, 1641. * Box 16: Including documents concerning the defensive alliance between Denmark-Norway and the Netherlands, 1666. * Box 20: Including documents concerning the negotiations about a tariff convention and treaty of commerce, the Bantam (Java) dispute and the measurement of tonnage, 1683.

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* Box 21: Documents concerning the negotiations about a tariff convention and treaty of commerce, etc., 1685–1690. * Box 22: Including documents concerning negotiations about various treaties, 1544–1674, 1690–1691, 1698–1699, and les concerning Dutch ships in Denmark and Danish ships in the Netherlands, 1690–1691. * Box 23: Documents concerning the capture of Dano-Norwegian and Dutch ships, 1690–1697. * Boxes 24–25: Including documents concerning negotiations with Robert van Goes about a tariff convention and treaty of commerce, payment of subsidies and arrears for mercenaries (1721–1724), and concerning negotiations with Willem Buys about a treaty of commerce and outstanding subsidies and arrears (1724–1727), 1700–1757. * Box 26: Including documents concerning negotiations with Gillis Coyman, especially about the prolongation of the treaty of commerce of 15 June 1701 (1730–1738); see also Box 27, 1740–1769. A.III. Trade and shipping, sundries and copies * Boxes 28–40: Various records, 1511–1769. * Boxes 28–32: Documents concerning Danish ships arrested during the war between France and England/the Netherlands, 1688–1697. * Boxes 33–37: Documents concerning the mutual Danish and Dutch claims on account of ships arrested during the war of the Spanish succession (so called “Liquidation Case”), 1702–1738. * Box 38: Documents concerning arrested Dutch ships and goods, 1709– 1719. * Box 39: Documents concerning trade and shipping besides private and public claims, petitions and letters from various persons, 1511–1769. * Box 40: Various documents, copies and printed matter, 1568–1762. B. Relations; C. Legation archives * Boxes 41–457: Various records, 1608–1770. POLAND A.I. Correspondence between Princely Houses * Boxes 1–6: Letters, partly with enclosures, 1526–1770. A.II. Files and documents concerning political relations with Poland * Boxes 7–13: Documents concerning the political relations with Poland, 1419–1769. A.III. Trade and shipping, sundries, copies and printed matter * Box 14: Documents concerning trade and shipping, mostly copies, and various documents, 1563–1774. * Boxes 15–21: Sundries, copies and printed matter, 1563–1774.

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B. Relations; C. Legation archives * Boxes 22–95: Various records, 1526–1770. RUSSIA A.I. Correspondence between Princely Houses * Boxes 1–12: Letters, partly with enclosures, 1516–1769. A.II. Documents concerning political relations with Russia * Boxes 13–35: Documents concerning political relations with Russia, 1419–1769. A.III. Trade and shipping, sundries, copies and printed matter * Box 36: Various documents concerning trade and shipping, etc., as well as copies, printed matter and archival registers, 1557–1772. B. Relations; C. Legation archives * Boxes 37–182: Various records, 1558–1770. SPANISH NETHERLANDS (including the Burgundian and Habsburg Netherlands) A.I. Correspondence between the Stadtholders and the Danish Royal House * Boxes 1–3: Letters, partly with enclosures, 1508–1693. A.II. Documents concerning political relations with the Spanish Netherlands * Boxes 4–9: Documents concerning political relations with the Burgundian, Habsburg and Spanish Netherlands, 1447–1692. A.III. Trade and shipping, sundries * Box 10: Documents concerning trade and navigation, with copies of privileges of the Dutch towns, 1316–1693. * Box 11: Sundries, 1535–1704. B. Relations; C. Legation archives * Boxes 12–22: Various records, 1590–1716. SWEDEN A.I. Correspondence between the Royal Houses and the chief government authorities * Boxes 1–14: Letters, partly with enclosures, 1472–1771. A.II. Documents concerning political relations with Sweden * Boxes 15–65: Documents concerning political relations with Sweden, 1412–1669. A.III. Documents concerning commerce and navigation, sundries, copies and printed matter * Boxes 66–83: Documents concerning commerce and navigation, sundries, copies and printed matter, 1303–1769.

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* Box 66: Documents concerning commerce and navigation, 1600–1701. B. Relations; C. Legation archives * Boxes 84–365: Various records, 1622–1771. Accessibility The most important nding aid in print is: Arthur G. Hassø and Erik Kroman, Danish Department of Foreign Affairs until 1770 (Vejledende Arkivregistraturer, 16) (Copenhagen, 1973), which is an English and slightly abridged version of a detailed catalogue in Danish by Arthur G. Hassø and Erik Kroman, Tyske Kancelli II. Gehejmekonseillet 1670–1770, Danske Kancellis Udenrigske Afdeling til 1676 (1698) og Tyske Kancellis Udenrigske Afdeling til 1770 (Vejledende Arkivregistraturer, 11) (Copenhagen, 1962). See also: Tyske Kancelli Udenrigske Afdeling—1770, Departementet for Udenrigske Anliggender 1770–1848 og Udenrigsministeriet 1848–ca. 1909 (lm catalogue no. 1) (Copenhagen, 1975), published by the Danish National Archives, which is an incomplete catalogue, but includes a survey of the rather large sections of the foreign-service archives that have been microlmed. For further information, see the general survey in: Wilhelm von Rosen (ed.), Rigsarkivet og hjælpemidlerne til dets benyttelse, Vol. I:1 (Copenhagen, 1983), pp. 301–309, and: www.daisy.sa.dk, for a general online catalogue. Record creator / provenance The establishment of an absolute monarchy in Denmark in 1660, gave the king personal control of foreign affairs. In 1670 the central direction of foreign affairs was entrusted to the king’s council (the Privy Council), while the Danish and German Chanceries served as administrative ofces, concerned with domestic and foreign affairs respectively. From 1676 to 1770, the German Chancery’s foreign division handled all cases concerning political relations with foreign nations, while the German Chancery’s domestic division handled a large part of the foreign correspondence concerning the private affairs of individual Danish citizens. In December 1770, the Department of Foreign Affairs was established and charged with both political relations to foreign nations and individual citizens’ private affairs abroad. In the ministerial reform of 1848, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was created and took over the functions of the former Department.

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Copies Boxes 2–37 from section 3, Sundries until 1676, 1676–1770, 1770, have been microlmed (lm nos. S16 11.548–11.561). Related materials •

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Foreign Department of the Danish Chancery until 1670 (1698) (Danske Kancellis Udenrigske Afdeling indtil 1670 (1698), reference code: 232). Department of Foreign Affairs 1770–1848 (Departementet for Udenlandske Anliggender 1770–1848, reference code: 302).

Publications •

Kjølsen, Klaus, Det diplomatiske fag. Den danske Udenrigstjenestes Forvaltning 1700–1770 (Odense, 1991); this is a thorough description of the affairs of the Chancery in its nal period.

See also the introductions on Chancery procedures and ling routines in the archival catalogues by Arthur G. Hassø and Erik Kroman mentioned under “Accessibility”, especially pp. 1–21 in the Danish version.

Manuscript Collection Record group Manuscript Collection Håndskriftsamlingen Reference code : 860 Period : 700–up to the present Extent : 400 metres Abstract The Manuscript Collection consists of a large number of records and assorted groups of notes, transcripts, accounts, genealogical tables and many other documents collected by researchers throughout the centuries. The Manuscript Collection is to some extent sorted systematically in seventeen main groups, the most extensive of which is numbered I and designated “Individual Collections of Miscellanea”.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1429–1807 : Denmark : Danish, English

The collection includes one relevant item. Box 89, no. 9, consists of a very short paper by Adoph Blome from 1807 concerning the history of the creation of the Sound Toll over the period 1429–1720. Accessibility A general survey is to be found in: Wilhelm von Rosen (ed.), Rigsarkivet og hjælpemidlerne til dets benyttelse, Vol. I:2 (Copenhagen, 1983), pp. 871–876. See also the catalogue Håndskriftsamlingen I–XII. Individuelle samlinger af blandet indhold (Copenhagen, 1985–1986), and: www.daisy.sa.dk, for a general online catalogue. Record creator / provenance The Manuscript Collection has been put together by the staff of the Danish National Archives. Formerly, archivists used to sort out materials for the Manuscript Collection from papers left by private individuals. Those materials were often of a historical scholarly character, concerning one or more subjects. Many of these papers are transcripts and copies, often several hundred years old. This practice of sorting out stopped around 1960, and nowadays all papers left by a deceased person are usually kept together as one private record group. Only when large specialised collections consist exclusively of material concerning specic subjects, is such material placed in the Manuscript Collection. Since 1992, the Manuscript Collection has been almost completely closed to new accessions. The only exemption is le group XV, concerning DanishNorwegian genealogy, to which material is still added. All other acquisitions after 1992, which in any case have been modest, have simply been placed in an unsystematic series. Related materials • •

Private Individuals’ Archives Royal Danish Library: Manuscript Department.

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Publications •

Helk, Vello, “Rigsarkivets händskriftsamling”, in: Spor. Arkiver og historie (Copenhagen, 1987), pp. 37–48.

Maps and Drawings Collections Record group Maps and Drawings Collections Kort- og tegningssamlingen Reference code : not applicable Period : 1560–up to the present Extent : 100,000 items Abstract The National Archives’ substantial collection of maps and drawings is divided into three sections. The rst section mainly contains material from the period before 1848. This section also contains the collection of the Royal Navy’s ship drawings (Søetatens tegningssamling). The second section contains maps and drawings dating from after 1848. In addition, there are the archives of the Danish Armed Forces, which contain maps and atlases from 1740 onward and are arranged on types of maps. The collection has never been systematically registered and specic materials may therefore be hard to nd. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1560–1800 : Denmark, various countries : Danish, various languages

The rst section is the most relevant part. It contains for instance sea charts and other materials concerning areas previously under Danish jurisdiction (including, for instance, Schleswig and Holstein). Besides this, the archives of the Danish armed forces include relevant materials, for instance under the following headings: fortication maps, war historical maps, geographical maps, military maps and naval maps.

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Accessibility The most important published nding aids are the general survey in Wilhelm von Rosen (ed.), Rigsarkivet og hjælpemidlerne til dets benyttelse, Vols. I:2 (Copenhagen, 1983), pp. 877–890, and in: idem (ed.), Rigsarkivet og hjælpemidlerne til dets benyttelse, Vols. II:4 (Copenhagen, 1983), pp. 1951–1958 (concerning section 2). See also: J. Nybo Rasmussen, Oversigt over Kort- og tegningssamlingen (Copenhagen, 1978). In addition, there are various registers. A general catalogue of maps and drawings in Denmark is found in Marie L. Brandt, J. Nybo Rasmussen and Lizze Schwenger (eds.), Danske kortsamlinger (Copenhagen, 1989). Visually attractive The collection includes many maps and drawings of the Baltic Sea area. Related materials •

Copenhagen City Archives, Register 1400–1848.

Private Individuals’ Archives Record group Private Individuals’ Archives Private personers arkiver Reference code : not applicable Period : Middle Ages–up to the present Extent : c. 8000 archives Abstract The Danish National Archives’ collection of personal papers comprises about 8000 private archives. The sizes of the archives range from just a single letter to several hundreds of boxes and volumes. The oldest materials date from the Middle Ages. The Danish National Archives aim at obtaining valuable private archives left by government ofcials and politicians, other persons from all walks of life, and private institutions.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1450–1800 : Denmark, various countries : Danish, various languages

The contents of the archives (and the relevant materials they include) vary considerably, but they often contain materials that serve as a valuable supplement to the large public record groups. The archives usually consist of correspondence, personal papers, notes, diaries, manuscripts, printed matter and photographs. Accessibility The more sizable archives of private individuals are concisely catalogued in: Vello Helk (ed.), Rigsarkivet og hjælpemidlerne til dets benyttelse, Vol. IV:1 (Copenhagen, 1984), while smaller archives are summarily catalogued in: Hans Kargaard Thomsen (ed.), Rigsarkivet og hjælpemidlerne til dets benyttelse, Vol. IV:2 (Copenhagen, 1989). See also the rather obsolete, but more detailed catalogues in Henny Glarbo (ed.), Privatarkiver fra Tidsrummet 1660–1800 i Rigsarkivet (Vejledende Arkivregistraturer, 9) (Copenhagen, 1952), and Kristian Erslev (ed.), Privatarkiver fra det 19. Aarhundrede beroende i Rigsarkivet (Vejledende Arkivregistraturer, 4) (Copenhagen, 1923). In addtion, see the general survey in: Wilhelm von Rosen (ed.), Rigsarkivet og hjælpemidlerne til dets benyttelse, Vol. I:2 (1983), pp. 841–848. For several of the large private archives, mimeographed detailed catalogues are available, with biographical data, lists of letter writers and other useful information. Related materials Photographs and the like from archives of private individuals and institutions are often transferred to the Private Archives’ Prints and Photographs Collection. Relatively old private archives kept elsewhere are mostly to be found in (the manuscript collection of) the Royal Library. Those of a later date are usually kept in the four regional archives and the many local archives in Denmark.

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Privy Council 1670–1770 Record group Privy Council 1670–1770 Gehejmekonseilet 1670–1770 Reference code : 229 Period : 1670–1770 Extent : 69 boxes Abstract The Privy Council being the king’s council, this collection does not formally fall under the Foreign Department of the German Chancery. Furthermore, it includes documents concerning home administration, covering the elds of other boards such as the Danish Chancery. The collection mostly includes minute books pertaining to foreign envoys, draft notes and other documents concerning negotiations of the Council’s envoys, and letters with other documents of the Privy Councillors themselves. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1684–1697 : Denmark, the Netherlands, various countries : Danish, Dutch, English, Russian, various languages

The record group includes one relevant item. Box 66 consists of archives of the Master of the Royal Hunt and Privy Councillor, Count Conrad Reventlow. Among other things, the records contain draft notes from negotiations concerning commercial treaties with the Netherlands and England, 1684–1697. Accessibility The most important nding aid in print is: Arthur G. Hassø and Erik Kroman, Danish Department of Foreign Affairs until 1770 (Vejledende Arkivregistraturer, 16) (Copenhagen, 1973), which is an English and slightly abridged version of a detailed catalogue in Danish by: Arthur G. Hassø and Erik Kroman, Tyske Kancelli II. Gehejmekonseillet 1670–1770, Danske Kancellis Udenrigske Afdeling til 1676 (1698) og Tyske Kancellis Udenrigske Afdeling til 1770 (Vejledende Arkivregistraturer, 11) (Copenhagen, 1962). See also: Tyske Kancelli Udenrigske Afdeling–1770, Departementet for Udenrigske Anliggender 1770–1848 og Udenrigsministeriet 1848–ca.

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1909 (lm catalogue no. 1) (Copenhagen, 1975), published by the Danish National Archives, which is an incomplete catalogue, but includes a survey of the rather large sections of the foreign-service archives that have been microlmed. For further information, see the general survey in: Wilhelm von Rosen (ed.), Rigsarkivet og hjælpemidlerne til dets benyttelse, Vol. I:1 (Copenhagen, 1983), pp. 301–309, and: www.daisy.sa.dk, for a general online catalogue. Record creator / provenance The establishment of an absolute monarchy in Denmark in 1660 gave the king personal control of foreign affairs. In 1670 the central direction of foreign affairs was entrusted to the king’s council, called the Privy Council, while the Danish and German Chanceries served as administrative ofces, concerned with domestic and foreign affairs respectively. From 1676 to 1770, the German Chancery’s foreign division handled all cases concerning political relations with foreign nations, while the German Chancery’s domestic division handled a large part of the foreign correspondence concerning the private affairs of individual Danish citizens. In December 1770, the Department of Foreign Affairs was established and charged with both political relations with foreign nations and individual citizens’ private affairs abroad. The Privy Council was abolished in the same year. Related materials • • • • • •

Board of Finance 1771–1784 (reference code: 398). Board of Commerce 1735–1816 (reference code: 367). Chamber of Customs 1760–1848 (reference code: 365). Chamber of Revenue 1660–1848 (reference code: 303). Sound Toll Administration 1497–1858 (reference code: 571). Accounting and Auditing 1438–1559, 1559–1660, 1660–1848 (reference codes: 569, 570, 571).

Publications •

Kjølsen, Klaus, Det diplomatiske fag. Den danske Udenrigstjenestes Forvaltning 1700–1770 (Odense, 1991), a thorough description of the affairs of the Council in its nal period.

See also the introductions on Council procedures and ling routines in the archival catalogues by Arthur G. Hassø and Erik Kroman mentioned under “Accessibility”, especially pp. 1–21 in the Danish version.

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Ill. 1. Two volumes of the Sound Toll Registers, 1734, drawn up at Helsingør (Elsinore, Denmark). Danish National Archives (Copenhagen): “Sound Toll Administration 1497–1858” (reference code: 571).

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Sound Toll Administration 1497–1858 Record group Sound Toll Administration 1497–1858 Øresundstoldregnskaber 1497–1858 Reference code : 571 Period : 1497–1858 Extent : 115 metres Abstract The Sound Toll records (Øresundstoldregnskaber) are often thought of as just comprising the long and impressive series of original Sound Toll Registers covering the period from 1497 to 1857 or even the tabular summaries of the registers from 1497 to 1783, published in seven volumes and known as the Sound Toll Tables (see under “Publications”). However, the records of the Sound Toll House (Øresunds Toldkammer) in the town of Helsingør (Elsinore) comprise much more than just the well-known Sound Toll Registers. Besides the registers themselves, which provide valuable information about all ships through the Sound, this record group contains many records concerning internal administrative matters, such as the Sound Toll House’s correspondence, accounts, customs regulations, lists of sailings, lists of goods, as well as records concerning the House’s own vessels and afliated institutions such as a local free school. Besides the well-known Sound Toll, duties were also collected from ships and cargoes that passed through the other two Danish straits, namely the Great Belt (Storebælt) and the Little Belt (Lillebælt). As the three duties were rather closely connected, this record group contains quite a lot of records common to the Sound Toll and the Belt Toll, as well as a few boxes solely concerning the Belt Toll. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

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: 1497–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Danish, German, various languages

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INVENTORIES • • • • • •

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1: Inventory of all letters, records and account books in the Sound Toll House, 1544–1773 (started in 1739), in German (1 volume). 2: Inventory of the Sound Toll House’s incomplete records, 1544–1724, in German (1 volume). 3: Inventory of the Sound Toll House’s treaties, custom rolls, royal orders and resolutions, and letters from the Treasury, 1544–1738 (1 volume). 4: Register of royal orders, resolutions and letters from the Treasury, etc., concerning the Sound Toll cash box, 1738–1740 (1 volume). 5: Register of customs ofcers’ calculations of the Sound Toll, 1628–1706 (1 volume). 6: Secret register of instructions for the director of the Sound Toll House, and orders and resolutions sent to him personally for secret transactions, 1776–1780 (1 volume). 7, 8: Inventory of all letters and other records in the Sound Toll House, 1776–1795 and 1795–1819 (2 volumes). 9: Inventory of all documents and letters in the Sound Toll House (royal resolutions, proposal books, letter copybooks and journals), 1820–1829 (1 volume). 10: Alphabetical indexes of les in the Sound Toll House archives, 1818–1830 (1 box). 11: Copies of miscellaneous treaties, 1544–1738 (1 volume). 12: Copybook of royal resolutions concerning the Sound Toll House, 1628–1697 (1 volume). 13–23: Sound Toll House’s register of proposals and letters, 1739–1756, 1764–1765, 1773–1791, 1796–1829 (11 volumes). 24: Sound Toll House’s ledger (journal to be used according to the royal order of 21 November 1707, article 14), 1708–1739 (1 volume). 25–29: Sound Toll House’s deliberation register (i.e. journal), 1739–1812 (5 volumes). 30–78: Sound Toll House’s letter copybooks, with indexes, 1830–1856 (49 volumes). 79: Copybook concerning remunerations granted by the director of the Sound Toll House, and other letters sent by the ofce, 1839–1840 (1 box).

CORRESPONDENCE FILES •

Royal orders, instructions, receipts, etc., to customs ofcials at the Sound Toll House, 1554–1579 and 1581–1660 (2 boxes).

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1: Letters and other records concerning treaties and peace agreements, as well as royal orders and letters from the Treasury, together with declarations, concerning the renewal of treaties, 1665–1828 (1 box). 2: Sound Toll House’s tariffs, orders and letters providing how the Sound Toll shall be calculated, 1661–1830 (2 boxes). Including: * A: 1661–1830 (nos. 1–92). * B: 1809–1824 (nos. 93–292). 3: Sound Toll House’s letters and other records with regard to the treatment of the Dutch in the Sound (with related claims), and defraud by the Dutch in the Sound, 1664–1824 (1 box). 4: Sound Toll House’s letters and other records concerning the English treatment of claims and defraud by the English, 1662–1829 (1 box). 5: Sound Toll House’s records concerning Russians, the payment of Sound Toll for Russian commodities and their sea passes, 1729–1829 (1 box). 6: Sound Toll House’s letters and other records concerning the treatment of the Swedes, their claims and defraud, especially committed by small sloops, 1664–1828 (1 box). 7, 8: Sound Toll House’s letters and other records concerning the treatment of the French and the calculation of customs of French commodities, as well as the treatment of the Spaniards and the calculation of customs of Spanish commodities, 1688–1798 (1 box). 9: Sound Toll House’s letters and other records concerning Prussian ports in general and their sea passes, the demands of Rügenwalde, Slupsk (Stolp), Treptau, Szczecin (Stettin) and Kolobrzeg (Kolberg) for freedom from duty, and the old Hanseatic towns, 1679–1830 (1 box). 10: Sound Toll House’s letters and other records concerning the three Imperial towns, Hamburg, Lübeck and Bremen, as well as Rostock, Gdansk and other Polish and Courland towns, 1668–1808 (1 box). 11: Sound Toll House’s letters and other records concerning the treatment of Danish, Norwegian and Holstein citizens by the calculation of duties, especially with regard to sea passes from Altona, 1690–1830 (2 boxes). Including: * A: 1690–1809 (nos. 1–90). 12: Sound Toll House’s letters and other records concerning the payment of duties in species, in natura or at a premium, and monthly extracts of customs amounts, 1662–1814 (1 box). 13: Sound Toll House’s letters and other records concerning the keeping of customs accounts by the treasurers, and an inspector for the auditing of the accounts, 1702–1829 (1 box).

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24: Sound Toll House’s orders and resolutions with regard to undeclared goods conscated earlier and the arrest of masters or release from punishment for fraud or other guilt, 1664–1830 (1 box). 25, 26: Sound Toll House’s letters and other records concerning the salute red by ships passing Kronborg Castle, and lights established to improve safety of shipping through the Sound, 1672–1829 (1 box). 27: Sound Toll House’s letters and other records concerning the quarantine stations meant to prevent the entering of pest, 1709–1828 (1 box). 28: Sound Toll House’s letters and other records concerning the Sound Toll ofcials’ exemption from billeting and from duty to the Water Company in Helsingør, and concerning the probate privileges and one year pension for widows of customs ofcials, 1668–1790 (1 box). 29: Sound Toll House’s letters and other records concerning foreign consuls and commission agents in Helsingør, 1683–1830 (1 box). 30: Sound Toll House’s original royal orders, decrees, proclamations and placards that do not concern a specic category, 1661–1827 (1 box). 31: Letters from the Treasury to the Sound Toll House of mixed and general contents, 1700–1823 (4 boxes). Including: * A: 1700–1800 (nos. 1–80). * B: 1800–1808 (nos. 81–136). 32: Sound Toll House’s letters and other records concerning the pilots’ and ferrymen guild in Helsingør, and the trial against Principal Frisch, president of the ferrymen guild, because of his fraudulent conversion of perquisites from the guild, which money rightfully belonged to the town magistrate, 1741–1798 (1 box). 33: Letters and other records concerning the building of the Sound Toll House, its wharfs and their repairs, and the house (Putscher’s House) bought as a residence for the director, 1730–1830 (1 box). 34: Documents and records concerning the disputes between the director and treasurers on the one side and the translator With on the other, 1723–1729 (1 box). 35: Annual registers of goods passing in and out through the Sound, with appurtenant correspondence with the Treasury, 1773–1791 (1 box). 36, I: Miscellaneous records concerning the Sound Toll House, among which are no royal orders or letters from the Treasury, 1748–1821 (1 box). 36, II: Miscellaneous and “for the most part useless” records concerning the Sound Toll House, in bundles numbered 2–14, 1664–eighteenth century (1 box). Sound Toll records, 1766–1772 (2 boxes).

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LISTS OF GOODS AND MISCELLANEOUS TABLES •

Lists of goods coming from the North and Baltic Seas, 1773–1817, 1824–1825, 1833–1853, 1855–1856 (78 volumes and boxes).

MISCELLANEOUS FILES • • • • • • •

Miscellaneous papers concerning the Sound Toll, undated (1 box). Privy Councillor Numsen’s records concerning the Sound Toll House, 1774–1819 (1 box). Printed ordinances, orders and circulars concerning customs and consumption, especially with regard to the Sound Toll, 1799–1842 (1 box). Printed customs tariffs and other printed papers concerning the Sound Toll, 1645–1842 (1 box). Miscellaneous manuscript customs tariffs concerning the Sound Toll, 1645–nineteenth century (1 box). Sound Toll ofcials’ notebooks with information about tariffs, etc., undated (1 box). Treatise on the king of Denmark’s right to collect toll in the Sound, eighteenth century (1 box).

FREE SCHOOL • • • •

Register of school children sent to foster parents in the countryside, 1799–1821 (1 volume). Cashbook of the Free School, 1791–1817 (1 volume). Inventory book of the Free School, 1778–1788 (1 volume). Records concerning the Sound Toll House’s vessels for cruising and towage, 1756–1857 (46 volumes and boxes). Including from before 1800: * Register of salutes by Kronborg Castle, 1756–1790 (1 volume). * Journal for Sound Toll House ofcials, 1798–1829 (1 volume).

SOUND TOLL REGISTERS • •

Sound Toll registers, 1497–1858 (505 volumes); see also under “Abstract”. Sound Toll registers (duplicate series), 1660–1749, 1851–1857 (231 volumes).

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LISTS OF SHIPS PASSED • •

Lists of ships passed through the Sound, 1740–1757, 1759, 1761–1857 (141 volumes). Miscellaneous Swedish lists of ships (1 box).

SOUND TOLL HOUSE TREASURER’S OFFICE • • •

Miscellaneous tariffs, etc. (manuscript and printed), undated (15 volumes). Value tables, undated (6 volumes). Treasurer C.F. Holm’s papers, including extracts of accounts, records concerning the Sound Toll (partially transcripts) and miscellaneous papers, 1642–1858 (1 box).

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Queries to the Sound Toll accounts, often with both the Treasury’s draft and the original and the customs ofcer’s answers, as well as the decision, 1629–1651, 1658, 1674–1681, and pieces of evidence to faults in the accounts, 1658–1661 (1 box). Various registers and accounts (1 box): * Customs ofcer Hans Piper’s register of goods incorrectly declared, with pieces of evidence, 1630–1631. * Hans Piper’s and Christen Rasmussen’s account of goods incorrectly declared, with pieces of evidence, 1632–1636, 1636–1638. * Hans Piper’s and Harmen Hunnemeyer’s account of goods incorrectly declared, with pieces of evidence, 1639–1642. * Hans Piper’s settled account, acknowledged on 16 August 1636, including his account as Customs ofcer from 28 November 1630 to 5 December 1631. Ledger of costs spent on four new lights in the Sound (i.e. Anholt, Kullen, Nidingen and the Skaw), now red by pit-coal, by Jens Pedersen of Helsingør, 1624–1629 (1 box). Including various attachments: * A: Ledger of excise paid for beer, Helsingør, 1 May–8 September 1629. * B: Survey of relations with Jens Pedersen’s lease of customs in Nedenæs, with enclosures. * C: Copy of Dirik Hessel’s and Hans Husum’s estimate of costs necessary to improve the lights, 1627, 1629–1631. * Attachments to the accounts, 1624–1629 and 1629–1631. * Queries to the accounts, 1624–1629, 1629–1631.

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Accessibility Published works on the accessibility include the following: Marcus Rubin, “Sundtoldens Aøsning”, in: Historisk Tidsskrift, Series 7, Vol. 6 (1905–1906). • Sune Dalgård, “Reformationen på Øresunds toldbod 1641”, in: Festskrift til Astrid Friis (1963). • Jan Kanstrup, “Svigagtige angivelse. Øresundstolden i 1700tallet”, in: Zise, Vol. 2:3 (1979). • Wilhelm von Rosen (ed.), Rigsarkivet og hjælpemidlerne til dets benyttelse, Vols. I: 1, 2 (Copenhagen, 1983), pp. 437–439, 728. • Danish National Archives’ inventory, no. 118, dealing with the archives of the Sound Toll House. • Danish National Archives’ inventory, drawer 87, dealing with miscellaneous accounts.

•

In addition, there are various electronic versions of the Sound Toll Registers. Thanks to its general uniformity and enormous volume, the information in the Sound Toll Registers is very suitable for electronic data processing. In the 1970s, Professor Hans Christian Johansen (University of Southern Denmark, Odense), started such a project and entered all data from the Registers from the years 1784–1795 into a database. This period forms the immediate continuation of Bang and Korst’s printed Sound Toll Tables for the previous period. During Johansen’s epoch, 118,933 sailings through the Sound were registered. Entered into the database for each passage of a ship have been: date of passage, master’s name and home port, port of departure and destination, cargo, in some cases tonnage, amount paid in Sound Toll, lighthouse dues, and in some cases buoy duty (tøndepenge) and port duty (havnepenge) as well. This comprehensive database is kept in the Danish Data Archives (Dansk Data Arkiv) in Odense, where it is designated “The Sound Toll Accounts, 1784–1795” (Øresundsundersøgelsen 1784–1795) (identication number DDA-0038.7). On application to the Danish Data Archives, everyone has access to the database without any restrictions. In the Danish Data Archives one can also nd Johansen’s rough drafts of data from the Sound Toll Registers from 1796 to c. 1800. These data have not been entered into the database. For the time being, there are neither plans to do so nor to continue to 1857.

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At present, the University of Groningen in the Netherlands is starting a research project, the aim of which is to computerise the information of the Sound Toll Registers and make the database accessible on the internet. For a general online catalogue, see: www.daisy.sa.dk. Record creator / provenance It is known that the Sound Toll has been collected at Helsingør since 1429, but is supposedly an even older phenomenon. Sound Toll Registers have been preserved for the years 1497, 1503, 1528, 1536–1548, 1557–1558, 1560, 1562–1569, together with a practically uninterrupted series from 1574 to 1857, the year when the Sound Toll was abolished. The series of Sound Toll Registers comprise a little over 500 volumes, which take up 65 metres. The only serious lacunae in the almost three-centuries-long series are the years 1632, 1634 and 1807, which have only been preserved partially, as well as the period from August 1658 to June 1660 when Sweden collection the duties at Helsingør. (A short-lived Danish collection of Sound Toll took place in Copenhagen in the winter 1658–1659, from which a register is preserved, but only concerning 78 vessels). Each register contains an account of revenues. In addition, the older registers often also provide an account of expenditures. Enclosures to the accounts have been discarded as a rule. For quite a few, nevertheless, all enclosures have been preserved, just as enclosures with the king’s signature have often been kept. This applies for instance to royal orders. Through the years from 1497 to 1857 the Danish customs ofcers registered almost two million sailings through the Sound. The organisation and contents of the Sound Toll Registers changed somewhat during this long epoch with regard to information about passing ships, masters, routes and cargoes. In brief they changed as follows. The three oldest volumes that have been preserved, from 1497, 1503 and 1528, are simply journals of sailings. They just register the name and home port of the master and the duties paid. In addition to this kind of information, the registers of 1536–1548 mention whether the ships carried a cargo or were sailing in ballast. Furthermore, it is registered to which category of burden each ship belonged: less than 30 lasts, between 30 and 100 lasts, or more than 100 lasts. (Under the Danish-Dutch treaty of Kristianopel in 1645, the graduated ship dues were repealed and, as a consequence, the Registers’ classication of ships in three groups.) As from 1557, passing ships are arranged according to home countries and to whether they were in ballast or carrying a cargo. Also mentioned

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are the date of passing Helsingør and the name of the port of departure, in addition, of course, to the aforementioned kinds of information. Collected since 1562 were lighthouse dues ( fyrpenge), the amount of which depended upon the cargo on board, and since 1567 cargo dues had to be paid, which were a real custom. Therefore, each cargo had to be specied in detail in the Sound Toll Registers. Since the mid-1660s it was also registered to which port the master was destined on his way from Helsingør. Thus, the Sound Toll Registers had come to comprise the contents that would be included right on to the end in 1857. The standard wording in the registers would be like, for instance, the entry on 21 July 1750, serial number 202, among the Dutch ships en route from the Baltic: “Jores Ottes of Amsterdam, came from Liebau [Liepaja], bound for Amsterdam, with 25 lasts of barley 12.5 rix-dollars, 25 lasts of rye 12.5 rix-dollars, Deduction for the master [i.e. usual rebate] 1 rix-dollar, Total 24 rix-dollars, Lighthouse dues 4 rix-dollars, Grand total 28 rix-dollars”. Jores Ottes thus had to pay a total of 28 rix-dollars to the Danish ofcials. Cargoes carried in the opposite direction were as a rule more complex. A typical example can be found on 27 August 1695 when Reyer Cornelissen de Boer from Vlieland came from Amsterdam with a cargo for Königsberg, consisting of 11.5 lasts of herring, 43 lasts of salt, 10 hogsheads of beer, 9 skippounds of cheese, 9 pipes of linseed oil, 1500 pounds of logwood, 4600 pounds of sugar and almonds, 1000 pounds of rock candy, 800 pounds of currants and 4 pipes of Spanish wine. Thus, the captain had to pay 49 rix-dollars for the cargo, 4 rix-dollars in lighthouse dues, and 8 rix-dollars as another fee. There were several customs ofcials at the Sound Toll House, but until 1632 each ofcer prepared a full account mentioning every sailing. Today, as a rule, only one register has been preserved from each year. Since 1632 paperwork was divided between the customs ofcers so that each person registered only some of the ships that arrived. This means that a researcher must check two or more volumes of Sound Toll Registers for a year under review, in order to nd information about all ships that called at Helsingør during the year in question. For the period around 1850, one has to check up to twelve volumes a year. When investigating the Sound Toll Registers, one must keep in mind that certain towns and nations sometimes beneted by total or partial exemption from duty at Helsingør. Entries concerning such cargoes, therefore, are of varying completeness and quality, whereas the sailings themselves were carefully registered as usual. The most important examples of freedom from duty were Danish-Norwegian cargoes, which always passed Helsingør without paying Sound Toll, and Swedish ships until 1721.

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Custodial history The record group of the Sound Toll House in Helsingør is comprehensive and rather multifarious. The actual Sound Toll Registers have been internationally well-known for many years, whereas the other records from the Sound Toll House have so far been left practically unnoticed even though they contain a lot of valuable information, for instance both on the House’s internal matters and its relations to superior and subordinate institutions, as well as supplementary information necessary to interpret the entries in the Sound Toll Registers. In addition to these records there is a smaller archival group of audited accounts concerning the Sound Toll and Belt Toll. It must be taken into account, however, that at the time of research (2006), the archival group of the Sound Toll House was being rearranged, inventoried and re-boxed. The most important change will be that the Sound Toll Registers are to be moved to the archival group of Audited Accounts (Reviderede regnskaber). The new inventory can be found at: www.daisy.sa.dk. So far, the website is only in Danish, but an English version is forthcoming. The existing inventory (see under “Relevant contents”) is old but the only one that has been compiled so far. It is not completely consequent in its arrangement or numeration or specication of the various series of records. Furthermore, the inventory does not precisely correspond to the actual location of the records in the stacks. The old inventory as it is reproduced here, however, has been slightly revised and ameliorated. As can be seen from the inventory, a reform of the Sound Toll House’s archival administration took place in 1830. Before that year almost all records had been led according to subject, whereas after 1830 records were mostly led according to a journal number, which has to be identied by means of journals or other nding aids. Visually attractive The Sound Toll records are preserved in beautiful full bindings. Copies Because of the considerable international interest in access to the detailed information of the Sound Toll Registers, and because the published Sound Toll tables only provide tabular summaries of a limited part of the archival records, the Sound Toll Registers have been microlmed. The registers from 1497–1660 are to be found on 118 rolls of 35 millimetre lms, designated S 760–S 877; the registers from 1660–1749 are on 103 rolls of newer 16 millimetre lms, designated S 15,000–S 15,102; and the registers from

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1750–1850 are on 143 rolls of 35 millimetre lms, designated S 878–S 1,020. Thus, the microlms total 364 rolls. The microlms were produced in order to secure the information of the Sound Toll Registers. The registers from 1660–1749 and 1851–1857 exist in duplo, however, as they have been transcribed in the past. These old doublets total 231 volumes. Therefore the registers from 1851 to 1857 have not been microlmed. In this connection it should be mentioned that the only registers that have been preserved from the years 1836–1850 are old transcripts of the same kind, so-called contra registers. The information in these old doublets is exactly the same as in the discarded originals. A complete set of microlms can be found in the Netherlands Economic History Archives (Nederlandsch Economisch-Historisch Archief ) in Amsterdam. One may also buy one’s own copy of one or more lms, as they are marketed by the Dutch company Moran Micropublications (www. moranmicropublications.nl). Related materials • • • • • •

Board of Finance 1771–1784 (reference code: 398). Board of Commerce 1735–1816 (reference code: 367). Chamber of Customs 1760–1848 (reference code: 365). Chamber of Revenue 1660–1848 (reference code: 303). Privy Council 1670–1770 (reference code: 229). Accounting and Auditing 1438–1559, 1559–1660, 1660–1848 (reference codes: 569, 570, 571).

Information about the Sound Toll can be found in many archival groups of the central administration in the Danish National Archives. A few examples will sufce to give an impression of the possibilities of bringing such supplementary records to light: Matters concerning the Sound Toll (and Belt Toll) were dealt with (in the years 1760–1821) by the Chamber of Customs (Generaltoldkammeret) in a specic ofce (Københavns og Sjællands Told- og Konsumtions- samt Øresunds Toldkontor). In 1821, these matters were transferred to another ofce (Øresunds- og Strømtoldkontor), which took care of both daily service and annual auditing. The records from these ofces contain a good deal concerning the Sound Toll, but such information can also be found in other parts of the Chamber of Customs’ archives, especially in those of an ofce that dealt with general matters (Toldkammerkancelli- og Sekretariatskontoret).

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By the general reorganisation of the Danish central administration in 1848, the portfolio was taken over by the Secretariat of the new Ministry of Finance (Finansministeriet), among the subject les of which is a group concerning the Sound Toll and not least its abolition. Subordinate to the Ministry was the Customs Directorate (Generaltolddirektoratet), which had (during the period 1848–1858) an ofce for matters concerning Sound Toll and Belt Toll (Øresunds- og Strømtoldkontor) from which a small but rich record group has been preserved. Furthermore, among the records from the Administration for the Management of the National Debts (Statsgældsforvaltningen), a record group can be found concerning the Sound Toll Foundation (Øresundsfonden), which was established in 1857 to administer the considerable sum paid to Denmark in compensation for the Sound Toll, until the funds were transported in 1865 to the national treasury. Among records concerning foreign relations, one may also nd much information of relevance to the Sound Toll and its abolition. For example, this duty was the subject of numerous negotiations with the Dutch, which have produced many records in the record group of the German Chancellery’s Foreign Division’s (Tyske Kancellis Udenrigske Afdeling) series of records concerning the political relations with the Netherlands. In the Chancellery’s subject les, the Sound Toll has its particular group. From 1770 until 1848, the Department of Foreign Affairs (Departementet for Udenlandske Anliggender) handled the foreign policy, and in the Department’s general les as well as among its subject les are specic groups dealing with the Sound Toll. Also in the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Udenrigsministeriet), which was established in 1848, one may nd many records on the Sound Toll, and the published collection of Denmark’s treaties with foreign states includes several pieces concerning the Sound Toll. In addition to the records from the public institutions, materials in a number of private archives kept in the Danish National Archives may be relevant as well. As an example may serve the private archives of Director General of the Chamber of Customs C.A. Bluhme, in which can be found the Sound Toll House’s condential journal for the years 1853–1858, complete with les. Closely connected with the Sound Toll was the Belt Toll, which was collected from ships passing through the Great Belt or the Little Belt. Customs formalities took place in the towns of Nyborg and Fredericia respectively, and their records are very much like those from Helsingør, although on a much smaller scale, as navigation through the Belts was rather difcult,

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and therefore very limited. The main body of the Belt Toll Registers are kept today in the Danish National Archives as part of the general customs accounts from Nyborg and Fredericia. However, certain parts have been sorted out into a specic group of Belt Toll Registers. The most important series among these records groups are the following: •

•

Nyborg Belt Toll Ofce: * Great Belt Toll Registers, 1701–1748 and 1850–1858. * Attachments, 1850–1858. * Extracts, 1850–1858. * Queries, 1816–1840. * Letter copybooks, 1855–1856. * Accounts given by inspector Matthias Boltt, 1642–1644. Fredericia Belt Toll Ofce: * Little Belt Registers, 1816–1857. * Attachments, 1850–1858. * Extracts, 1857–1858. * Queries, 1816–1840.

In addition to what is mentioned here, one can also nd records concerning the Belt Toll scattered around other archival groups, for instance among the Chamber of Customs’ les on remunerations paid to Danish and Norwegian citizens for Sound Toll and Belt Toll (dating from 1785–1797), and lists of foreign ships cleared at the customs houses in Nyborg and Fredericia (from 1824–1844). It should be added that in the record groups of certain local customs houses, one may also nd information on the Belt Toll. Among the records from the Fredericia customs house, kept in the Provincial Archives of Northern Jutland (Landsarkivet for Nørrejylland ) in Viborg, there is a journal of Belt Toll for Funen and part of Jutland, dating from 1852–1857 (designation B 302–172), and other records concerning the Belt Toll in the Little Belt, from 1819–1852. In the archival group from Nyborg customs house, kept in the Provincial Archives of Funen (Landsarkivet for Fyn) in Odense, one can nd records (such as letter copybooks, bills of entry and accounts) concerning the Belt Toll in the Great Belt, dating from 1816–1858. Likewise, in the record group from Korsør customs house, kept in the Provincial Archives of Zealand (Landsarkivet for Sjælland) in Copenhagen, one may nd a few records originating from the temporary collection of Belt Toll in the town of Korsør on the Great Belt coast, 1825–1835.

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Ill. 2. Sound Toll Register of 1734 (ff. 9v–10r), listing Dutch ships passing Helsingør (Denmark) on April 8. Danish National Archives (Copenhagen): “Sound Toll Administration 1497–1858” (reference code: 571).

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Publications •

•

•

Bang, Nina Ellinger, and Knud Korst (eds.), Tabeller over Skibsfart og Varetransport gennem Øresund 1497–1660, Vols. I–II: B (Copenhagen, 1906–1933). Bang, Nina Ellinger, and Knud Korst (eds.), Tabeller over Skibsfart og Varetransport gennem Øresund 1661–1783, Vols. I–II: 3 (Copenhagen, 1930–1953). Johansen, Hans Chr., Shipping and Trade between the Baltic Area and Western Europe, 1784–1795 (Odense, 1983).

ROYAL DANISH LIBRARY, SLOTSHOLMEN Kongelige Bibliotek, Slotsholmen Copenhagen www.kb.dk

Manuscript Department Record group Manuscript Department Håndskriftafdeling Reference code : not applicable Period : 1400–up to the present Extent : 4500 metres Abstract The Manuscript Department comprises manuscripts that are primarily, though not exclusively, related to European and especially Danish history, literature and cultural history. The materials derive for instance from various

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institutions and associations as well as Danish writers, scholars and scientists, artists and other cultural gures, from many different backgrounds. As a consequence, the collection now serves as Denmark’s national manuscript collection for the humanities. The Department aims at acquiring papers of great national and other gures, such as diaries, letters or other papers of historical value. The oldest part of the collection, Gammel Kongelig Samling (GKS, old royal collection), dates from around 1660. The Ny Kongelig Samling (NKS, new royal collection) was established about 1800. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1644–1800 : Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Danish, Dutch, English, Polish, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, various languages

Relevant materials, arranged per collection, include the following: GAMMEL KONGELIG SAMLING (OLD ROYAL COLLECTION) •

• • • •

4, 2665, p. 148: Records concerning diplomatic relations with Poland in connection to the war between Denmark and Sweden, eighteenth century. 4, 2728, p. 182: Records concerning the Sound toll, 1669. 4, 2729, p. 182: Records concerning the Sound toll, 1666 (register: book 3.2, Emil Gigas, Haandskrifter vedr. Norden, især Danmark). 4, 2754, p. 22: Papers concerning toll treaties between Denmark and the Netherlands, 1681. 4, 2778, p. 50: Various kinds of relevant records, eighteenth century.

NY KONGELIG SAMLING (NEW ROYAL COLLECTION) • • • • •

Fol. 447, p. 302: Records concerning the Sound toll, eighteenth century. Fol. 661, p. 9: Collection of treaties between Denmark and other countries, including Sweden, 1693. Fol. 700, p. 78: Various kinds of relevant records, eighteenth century. Fol. 1133: Records concerning the Sound toll, 1645–1647 (register: book 3.1, Emil Gigas, Haandskrifter vedr. Norden, især Danmark). Fol. 1498, p. 147: Records concerning Danish trade, shipping and manufactures, eighteenth century.

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denmark 4, 791 d, p. 302: Records concerning the Sound toll, eighteenth century (register: book 2, Emil Gigas, Haandskrifter vedr. Norden, især Danmark). 4, 1095, p. 64: Various kinds of relevant records, including papers concerning the Swedish navy, eighteenth century. 4, 1107, p. 80: Various kinds of relevant records, including a trade agreement between Denmark and Sweden, eighteenth century. 4, 1417–18, p. 281: Records concerning the Sound toll, eighteenth century. 874, p. 281: Records regarding a trade agreement between the Netherlands and Denmark, 1701.

In addition, the following papers are relevant: •

• • • • •

Langebecks Excerpter: * 184 1: Records concerning the Sound toll. * 184 m I: Records concerning a trade agreement between the Netherlands and Denmark, 1701. C. F. Allens Samlinger: I 14 b: Records concerning the Dutch embassy in Denmark, 1644. Uldall, 8, 486: Various kinds of papers concerning the Sound toll, eighteenth century. Thott, 8, 588: Papers concerning the Sound toll, eighteenth century Uldall, Fol., 124: Various kinds of relevant records, including papers concerning the Sound toll, eighteenth century. Uldall, 8, 492: Records concerning the Sound toll, eighteenth century.

Accessibility The collections and documents are accessible by way of alphabetical and subject catalogues. Collections and documents acquired after 1987 can be searched in the online database “REX” (under preparation). Register: books 1, 2, 3.1 and 3.2, Emil Gigas, Haandskrifter vedr. Norden, især Danmark. In addition, a card index is available.

ESTONIA

Estonia by Kersti Lust, Enn Küng, Juhan Kreem and Janet Laidla ESTONIAN HISTORY MUSEUM Eesti Ajaloomuuseum Tallinn www.eam.ee

Aa Manor (Haakhof ) Papers Record group Aa Manor (Haakhof ) Papers Aamõisa (Haakhof ) kirjakogu Reference code : 11 Period : 1419–1870 Extent : 257 items Abstract The collection comprises personal papers of the owners of the Aa Manor (such as wills and correspondence) as well as papers of the Manor itself and other real estate holdings. The materials relating to the manors include property documents, nancial records and documents concerning various issues like the economic and nancial status of the manors, border disputes and the condition of the peasants. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1687–1786 : Estonia, Russia : High German

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Items 99–132 make up the series of correspondence. It includes letters exchanged with merchants in Tallinn (Reval), Narva and St. Petersburg. Accessibility Inventory. E. Siimo, Eesti NSV Riikliku Ajaloomuuseumi dokumendifondi teatmik [Guide to the documentary record groups of the State Historical Museum of the Estonian SSR] (Tallinn, 1963). This is a guide to the museum holdings, with a comprehensive description and a bibliography of related publications for each record group. Record creator / provenance The lands forming the Aa Manor (Haakhof ) in Virumaa (Wierland) on the northern coast of Estonia belonged to the monastery of Kärkna (Falkenau) until 1426, thereafter to the Narva Bailiff of the Livonian Order, and after the Livonian War of 1558–1583 to the Swedish crown. In 1630 the Manor was donated to Georg Wangersen (1579–1656), council member and mayor (Bürgermeister) of Tallinn (Reval) between 1611 and 1654. He was ennobled (as Wangersheim) in 1634. The Manor remained in the possession of the Wangersheim family throughout the eighteenth century. It was a prosperous manor with a small harbour. In 1787 the Manor was given in pawn and in 1807 in full property to others, to be expropriated by the Estonian government in 1919. For the Manor’s location, see also: www.eha.ee/kupits. Publications •

Genealogisches Handbuch der baltischen Ritterschaften, Vol. 2:2, Estland (Görlitz, 1930); also available at: mdz1.bib-bvb.de/cocoon/baltlex.

Ääsmäe Manor (Essemäggi) Papers Record group Ääsmäe Manor (Essemäggi) Papers Ääsmäe (Essemäggi) mõisa kirjakogu Reference code : 10 Period : 1574–1864 Extent : 33 items

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Abstract The collection chiey consists of documents concerning the Manor of Ääsmäe (Essemäggi) but also includes a few documents concerning the Manor of Kõrvetaguse (Körwentack). The materials comprise ownership documents, nancial records, correspondence, descriptions of the Manor as well as documents relating to the economic status of the Manor (regarding the condition of peasants for example). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1773–1773 : Estonia, Finland : Russian

Item 30 includes an attestation of the Friedrichshamn’s (Hamina, south-east Finland) Port Customs ofce on the duty-free export of Livonian vodka to Finland. Accessibility Inventory. E. Siimo, Eesti NSV Riikliku Ajaloomuuseumi dokumendifondi teatmik [Guide to the documentary record groups of the State Historical Museum of the Estonian SSR] (Tallinn, 1963), which includes a guide to the museum holdings, with a comprehensive description and a bibliography of related publications for each record group. Record creator / provenance The lands of the Manor of Ääsmäe (Essemäggi) in Harjumaa (Harrien) were given, together with the village of Rahula, to Johann Berends as a pawn for a loan taken by the state in 1569. Later, the lands were donated to him as a gift. After the great reduction of manors in the Swedish kingdom launched in 1687, the Manor was rented to the family and in 1726 it was returned to their ownership. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries it changed owners several times. In 1919, the Estonian government expropriated the Manor. For the Manor’s location, see the “Kupits” database at: www.eha.ee.

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Iversen, Edmund Record group Iversen, Edmund Iversen, Edmund Reference code Period Extent

: 70 : 1642–1872 : 49 items

Abstract The collection comprises various types of records collected by Edmund Iversen: topographic descriptions of Estonia; Collectanea Estonica; laws, privileges, and regulations (so-called Alte Verordnungen); letters; various lists; materials concerning the cities of Tallinn (Reval) and Rakvere (Wesenberg, north Estonia); peasant laws (drawn up by Baltic-German knighthoods, signed by the Russian emperor); historical and genealogical works; etc. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1600–1794 : Estonia, Russia, Sweden : High German, Low German

The following items are relevant: •

• •

7: Including a decree of the Empress Catherine the Great relating to the rupture of trade relations with France, with a list of goods that were not allowed to be imported in Russia, 1793. 9: Including a description of the ship Sophia that caught re near the island of Hiiumaa (Dagö, off the Estonian west coast), 1794. 24: Containing privileges and charters of the merchant and artisan guilds and municipal ofces (Stadtämter), seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

Accessibility Inventory. E. Siimo, Eesti NSV Riikliku Ajaloomuuseumi dokumendifondi teatmik [Guide to the documentary record groups of the State Historical Museum

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of the Estonian SSR] (Tallinn, 1963), comprising a guide to the museum holdings, with a comprehensive description and a bibliography of related publications for each record group. An old description of the collection can be found in: Friedrich v. Keussler, “Die gegenwärtige M. Iversensche, vormals Edm. Iversensche Urkundensammlung”, in: Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Alterthumskunde der Ostseeprovinzen Russlands (Riga, 1903), pp. 74–77. Another catalogue of the collection is: Friedrich v. Keussler, “Handschriften aus der Bibliothek des weiland Konsulenten Edmund Iversen”, in: Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Altertumskunde der Ostseeprovinzen Russlands (Riga, 1905), pp. 241–245. Record creator / provenance After nishing his law studies at the University of Tartu (Dorpat), Edmund Iversen (1824–1872) served in the civic government, courts and the town council of Tallinn. Besides that, he collected manuscripts and prints. Related materials •

Manuscript Books Collection (Vanad käsikirjalised raamatud, reference code: 237).

Publications •

Lenz, W. (ed.), Deutschbaltisches Biographisches Lexikon (Cologne, 1970).

Jacob de la Gardie Record group Jacob de la Gardie Jacob de la Gardie Reference code Period Extent

: 56 : 1616–1649 : 39 items

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Abstract The papers document many of Jakob de la Gardie’s activities. These include his involvement in Swedish military campaigns and the provincial government of the Baltic provinces. There are also a number of personal documents, private correspondence, etc. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1622–1622 : Estonia, Latvia, various countries : Swedish

Item 2 includes a receipt of Jakob de la Gardie permitting the merchant Jobst Dunte at Tallinn (Reval) to transport rye from Riga, Tallinn and other towns to Vienna. Accessibility Inventory Record creator / provenance Jakob de la Gardie (1583–1652), son of Pontus de la Gardie, was a Swedish eld marshal and large estate owner in Estonia. He commanded the Swedish forces in Russia at the beginning of the seventeenth century. He was appointed privy councillor in 1613 and signed the peace of Stolbovo between Sweden and Russia in 1617. He became Governor-General of Estonia (Estland) and the vicegerent of Tallinn in 1619, and Governor-General of Livonia (Livland) in 1622. After the death of King Gustav II Adolf, he was one of the ve regents jointly ruling Sweden. Related materials •

Tartu University Library: De la Gardie (reference code: 6 / msc 227).

Publications • •

Grill, Erik, Jacob de la Gardie: affärsmannen och politikern, 1608–1636 (Göteburg, 1949). Lundblad, Johann Fredrik, Leben Oxenstjerna und de la Gardie (uebersetzt von Friedrich von Schubert) (Stralsund, 1831).

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Rikskansleren Axel Oxenstierans skrifter och brefvexling, Part 2, Vol. 5, Jacob de la Gardies bref 1611–1650 (Stockholm, 1893).

Lindemann, Johannes Record group Lindemann, Johannes Lindemann, Johannes Reference code : 77 Period : 1661–1892 Extent : 23 items Abstract This collection consists of documents collected by Johannes Lindemann as well as his personal papers (among other materials nancial documents). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1771–1771 : Estonia : High German

Among the collected documents, there are excerpts from the minutes of the Haapsalu (Hapsal) town council. One of these concerns the litigation between the skipper Alberg and the local merchant Friedrich Delbrügk concerning a ship owned by the latter and sunk under the former. Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance Johannes Lindemann was a rather unknown collector in Tallinn (Reval).

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Maidla Manor (Maydell, since 1878 Wrangelstein) Papers Record group Maidla Manor (Maydell, since 1878 Wrangelstein) Papers Maidla (Maydell, 1878. aastast Wrangelstein) mõisa kirjakogu Reference code : 34 Period : 1373–1878 Extent : 815 items Abstract The record group consists of various documents of a legal or economic character relating to the Manor of Maidla and other smaller manors, which include property documents, deeds, inventories, nancial records, etc. It also contains the correspondence of the Wrangell family and other personal documents. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1600–1800 : Estonia, Germany, Russia, Sweden : High German

The record group is described in three inventories, of which nos. 1 and 2 are relevant. Inventory 1 In the series of correspondence, items 47, 170 and 363 include letters concerning trade. Inventory 2 Items 7, 8, 10, 12, 14–16, 18, 19, 21–25 are account books of the Manors covering the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The manor economy in Estonia in that period was largely based on grain production and later also on the sale of alcohol to the Russian market.

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Accessibility Three inventories. E. Siimo, Eesti NSV Riikliku Ajaloomuuseumi dokumendifondi teatmik [Guide to the documentary record groups of the State Historical Museum of the Estonian SSR] (Tallinn, 1963), which comprises a guide to the museum holdings, with a comprehensive description and a bibliography of related publications for each record group. Record creator / provenance The land forming the Manor of Maidla (Maydel) in Virumaa (Wierland) (for its location, see: www.eha.ee/kupits) belonged to the Maydell family until 1499. The Manor was rst mentioned in 1465. It changed owners several times, until 1689 when it came into the hands of the Wrangell family. They held it until the end of the nineteenth century, when it came into the possession of the family Löwis of Menar. In 1919 the Estonian government expropriated the Manor. Publications • • •

Acta Wrangeliana. Inhaltsverzeichnis (Tallinn, 1928–1937). Acta Wrangeliana. Halbjahrschrift (Tallinn, 1928–1939). Genealogisches Handbuch der baltischen Ritterschaften, Vol. 2:1, Estland (Görlitz, 1930); also available at: mdz1.bib-bvb.de/cocoon/baltlex.

Manuscript Books Collection Record group Manuscript Books Collection Vanad käsikirjalised raamatud Reference code : 237 Period : 15th century–1932 Extent : 375 items Abstract This collection comprises manuscripts of various types and origins.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1500–1786 : Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : High German, Low German

The materials are described in three inventories, two of which are relevant: Inventory 1 Items 80–82 contain various legal acts (e.g. privileges, territorial and feudal laws, etc.) of Estonia (Estland) and Livonia (Livland) dating from the sixteenth century. Item 96 includes a list of incoming and outgoing ships in Tallinn (Reval) in the years 1783–1786, indicating their ports of origin and destination. Inventory 2 Item 43 is an account book of one or several merchants at Tallinn, 1658– 1701. It contains information about business partners, primarily in German towns and the Netherlands. Accessibility Three inventories. Custodial history The collection comprises materials from the private collections of Edmund Iversen (see the separate description of his collection), G. Wetterstrand, J. Burchart and others. In addition, there are also records from the collections of academic associations, libraries and museums. Related materials •

Iversen, Edmund (reference code: 70).

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Narva Town Council Record group Narva Town Council Narva magistraat Reference code : 124 Period : 1582–1828 Extent : 131 items Abstract This is a random collection of documents of the Narva town council. The bulk of the material dates from the second half of the seventeenth and the rst half of the eighteenth century. The collection comprises copies of town privileges; trade, customs and other regulations; descriptions of the town; and materials relating to the economy of the town among other issues. A few documents concern the Lutheran church consistory of Narva, landholdings of the town and mills on the Narva River. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1582–1742 : Estonia, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : High German, Low German, Russian, Swedish

Relevant items include the following: • • • • • • • •

1: Copies of Narva’s town privileges, 1582–1700. 4: Drafts of a German translation of the town privileges, 1742. 2: Containing royal ordinances and excerpts from them in matters of trade, 1650–1698 12–14: Including letters, reports, petitions and other documents concerning foreign trade in Narva, 1613–c. 1738. 42–50: Copies of various (international) treaties, and regulations relating to foreign trade, 1619–1699. 52–56: Fragments and copies of customs and excise tax regulations, 1648–1722. 118: Papers pertaining to customs duties on imported goods. 121: Including a memorandum of the merchant guild addressed to the town council concerning various issues, among others economic ones, 1681.

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Accessibility Inventory. E. Siimo, Eesti NSV Riikliku Ajaloomuuseumi dokumendifondi teatmik [Guide to the documentary record groups of the State Historical Museum of the Estonian SSR] (Tallinn, 1963), which contains a guide to the museum holdings, with a comprehensive description and a bibliography of related publications for each record group. Record creator / provenance In 1345, Narva (located in the north-east of present-day Estonia) was granted Lübeck town rights, which remained in force until the conquest of the town by Russians in the Livonian War. In 1585, these rights were replaced by Swedish town laws. During the Great Northern War (1700–1721) Narva fell into the hands of the Russians, but the Swedish town laws remained in force. The town council was rst established in the mid-fourteenth century. As the supreme governing body in the town, it exercised executive, administrative and judicial functions. It appointed and dismissed town ofcials; granted citizenship; approved the charters (rules) of guilds; regulated prices, trade and commerce; administered judicial, religious and educational affairs; supervised the lower courts, town properties and schools; and was in charge of collecting taxes and accommodating troops. The town council ceased to exist as a governing body in 1873 and as a judicial organ in 1889. Custodial history These materials were possibly in the possession of a council member or alderman of the guild and kept in an attic before they were transferred to the Estonian Literary Society. Related materials The bulk of the materials of the town council is preserved in the Estonian Historical Archives: “Narva Town Council” (reference code: 1646). Publications •

      

       XVII .        [Economic relations between Russia and Sweden in the XVII century. Documents from the Soviet archives], ed. A. Attman (Moscow, Stockholm, 1978); including a number of records from the respective record groups in the Estonian Historical Archives pertaining to trade.

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Erpenbeck, Dirk-Gerd, and Roland Seeberg-Elverfeld, Narva 1581–1721. Quellen zur Geschichte der Stadt in schwedischer Zeit (Veröffentlichungen der Forschungsstelle Ostmitteleuropa an der Universität Dortmund, 47) (Dortmund, 1993). Küng, Enn, Rootsi majanduspoliitika Narva kaubanduse küsimuses 17. sajandi teisel poolel [The Swedish economic policy in the commercial aspect in Narva in the second half of the 17th century], with a summary in English (Tartu, 2001).    [A complete collection of laws of the Russian empire], Vols. I–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830); including the bulk of decrees and regulations regarding Narva and its trade rights. Provinzialrecht der Ostseegouvernements (St. Petersburg, 1845).

Old Records Collection Record group Old Records Collection Pärgamentürikute kollektsioon Reference code : 115 Period : 1247–1804 Extent : 317 items Abstract This collection comprises miscellaneous documents concerning a large variety of topics. The materials include birth and guild journeyman certicates, diplomas, sale and purchase contracts, deeds of gift, letters of enfeoffment, privileges, fragments from books, etc. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1594–1647 : Estonia, various countries : High German, Swedish

The collection is described in three inventories, the rst of which is relevant.

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Inventory 1 Item 116 contains privileges granted to the town of Haapsalu (Hapsal) by the King of Sweden and Poland Sigismund III, dating from 1594. Item 149 contains a conrmation from 1647 of the privileges of the town of Haapsalu by the Swedish Queen Christina. Accessibility Three inventories. E. Siimo, Eesti NSV Riikliku Ajaloomuuseumi dokumendifondi teatmik [Guide to the documentary record groups of the State Historical Museum of the Estonian SSR] (Tallinn, 1963), which contains a guide to the museum holdings, with a comprehensive description and a bibliography of related publications for each record group.

Paper Documents Collection Record group Paper Documents Collection Ird-dokumentide kollekstioon (Paberdokumentide kollektsioon) Reference code : 116 Period : 1433–1953 Extent : 1672 items Abstract The collection consists of various documents that do not belong to any other record group and relate to a wide range of topics. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1591–1744 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Swedish

The collection is described in three inventories, one of which is relevant with regard to Baltic Sea trade:

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175: Including a letter from the Swedish King Gustav II Adolph pertaining to the levying of licent (duties on import and export by sea), 1628. 344: Including a printed order (Publikat) of the Tallinn (Reval) town council concerning goods foreign merchants were allowed to import, 1744. 347–348: Containing printed ordinances of the Swedish King John III relating to trade, new monetary units and the export of grain, 1591.

Accessibility Three inventories. Custodial history The collection has been compiled from the collections of the Estonian Literary Society, the Estonian Provincial Museum, the Estonian National Museum and the State Historical Museum of the Estonian SSR.

Sagadi Manor Papers Record group Sagadi Manor Papers Sagadi mõisa kirjakogu Reference code : 41 Period : 1464–1931 Extent : 379 items Abstract The record group comprises various documents relating to the Manors of Sagadi (Saggad) and Tapa (Taps) and other, smaller manors. There are deeds, property documents, land descriptions and records concerning legal matters, border disputes, the economic situation at manors, peasants and trade with Finland in the nineteenth century. The collection also contains a number of personal papers of the Fock family.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1695–1800 : Estonia, Russia, various countries : High German

The collection is described in two inventories, of which the rst one is relevant. Inventory 1 Item 127 concerns a court case relating to a shipwreck and looting, 1695– 1698. Item 297 is a cashbook dating from 1750–1825. It mostly mentions peoples’ names and sums of money, and only occasionally provides more information. Accessibility Two inventories. E. Siimo, Eesti NSV Riikliku Ajaloomuuseumi dokumendifondi teatmik [Guide to the documentary record groups of the State Historical Museum of the Estonian SSR] (Tallinn, 1963), which contains a guide to the museum holdings, with a comprehensive description and a bibliography of related publications for each record group. Record creator / provenance In the fteenth century, the manor of Sagadi (Saggad) in Virumaa (Wierland) (for its location see: www.eha.ee/kupits) was in the possession of the Riesbyterns as a ef (rst mentioned in 1469). In 1517 it was bought by Marcus von der Berge. During the next two centuries it changed hands several times before it was bought in 1684 by an ofcer in the Swedish army, Gideon von Fock (1625–1710), son of Hans Fock (1575–1640), a council member in Narva. Gideon von Fock was ennobled in 1651. The Fock family held a number of other land possessions in Estonia, including Avanduse (Awandus), Kavastu (Kawast), Tapa (Taps) and Võivere (Woibifer). The Sagadi manor remained in the hands of the Focks until 1919, when it was expropriated by the Estonian government. Related materials •

Estonian Historical Archives (Tartu): Sagadi Manor (Sagadi mõis, reference code: 1324).

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Publications •

Genealogisches Handbuch der baltischen Ritterschaften, Vol. 2, 2, Estland (Görlitz, 1930); also available at: mdz1.bib-bvb.de/cocoon/baltle.

Tallinn Great Guild Record group Tallinn Great Guild Tallinna Suurgild Reference code : 153 Period : 1773–1914 Extent : 20 items Abstract The record group contains a few random documents concerning the Great Guild of Tallinn (Reval), mostly dating from the nineteenth century. There are also some materials of the Haberdashers’ and Nuremberg companies. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1773–1776 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German

Item 19 consists of a cashbook of the Haberdashers’ (Seiden- und Lakenhändlerkompagnie) and Nuremberg companies covering the years 1773–1776. Accessibility Inventory. E. Siimo, Eesti NSV Riikliku Ajaloomuuseumi dokumendifondi teatmik [Guide to the documentary record groups of the State Historical Museum of the Estonian SSR] (Tallinn, 1963), which contains a guide to the museum holdings, with a comprehensive description, bibliography of related publications for each record group and indexes.

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Record creator / provenance The Great Guild of Tallinn (Reval) was a privileged association composed primarily of wholesale merchants and set up to preserve the rights and privileges of its members. Its purposes and functions overlapped with those of the municipal government resulting in a close connection between the Great Guild and the town authorities. It was subject to the control of the town council until 1876, and afterwards to the city government. It exercised economic and political power as it had representatives in several commissions while the town council was entirely composed of guild members. The guild also performed public services and provided social welfare for its members. The Great Guild of Tallinn was established in the mid-fourteenth century. It was rst mentioned in 1363. From the fteenth century on, it was called the Great Guild (grosse Gilde). It lost its dominant position in local civic government and trade after the town magistracy had been abolished in 1870s. It nonetheless continued to perform its functions until 1920. The Haberdashers’ and Nuremberg companies were founded in 1708 and in 1743 respectively. The origin of the imported commodities (salt, tobacco, herring and all kinds of manufactured goods, especially from nonprecious metals) lent the latter company its name of Nürnberger Krämer (und Bauernhändler)-Kompagnie. Both companies dealt with retail trade in Tallinn. The Nuremberg company also had the right to buy up ax and hemp in Russia and Estonia. Related materials Most of the documents concerning the Great Guild are located in the Tallinn City Archives (reference code: 191). Here, one may also nd various materials concerning the Nuremberg company (proceedings, les on retail trade, etc.) and the Haberdasher company (regulations, a cashbook, resolutions). Publications • • •

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Adelheim, Georg (ed.), Das Revaler Bürgerbuch 1710–1786 (Beiträge zur Kunde Estlands, XIX) (Tallinn, 1934). Bunge, Georg Friedrich, Darstellung des heutigen russischen Handelsrechts mit Rücksicht auf die deutschen Ostseeprovinzen (Riga, 1829). Bunge, Georg Friedrich (ed.), Die Quellen des Revaler Stadtrechts, Vols. 1–2 (Tartu, 1844–1846); including a number of laws, regulations and ordinances relating to trade in Tallinn from 1257 until 1825. Elias, Otto-Heinrich, “Revaler Handelsschiffahrt im 18. Jahrhundert”, in: Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas, NF 15 (1967), pp. 16–28.

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Etzold, Gottfried, Seehandel und Kau!eute in Reval nach dem Frieden von Nystad bis zur Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts (Marburg, 1975); including a list of the Blackhead Brotherhood members from 1727 to 1729 and a personal index. Nottbeck, Eugen von, Die alten Schragen der Grossen Gilde zu Reval. (Tallinn, 1885).

Trading House “Mayer & Co” Record group Trading House “Mayer & Co” Kaubamaja “Mayer & Co” Reference code : 127 Period : 1723–1894 Extent : 1410 items Abstract The record group consists of documents of four different merchants and companies: Stein, Seebeck, Jencken and Mayer & Co. The majority of these papers originates from the latter and dates from the nineteenth century. The materials include business records as well as records of a legal nature and pertain to all elds in which the companies and merchants were active. There are also a few personal documents. The papers of Mayer & Co include smaller collections of the company’s predecessors and business partners. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1728–1801 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, various languages

The materials are described in three inventories: Inventory 1 Johann Berend Stein • 1, 13, 19, 40: Memorials containing notes about business contracts, 1728–1754, 1752–1754, 1755–1769, 1779–1790.

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2, 9, 36, 37: General ledgers of four different companies and a shop, 1728–1781, 1752–1778, 1777–1795, 1778–1800s. 3, 8, 15, 31, 33: Copybooks of letters, deposits and bills, 1742–1760, 1752–1760, 1753–1776, 1776–1792 and 1775–1780. 5, 11: Account books, 1745–1785. 20: Inventory book, 1756–1774. 28: Ledger, 1766–1785.

Johan • 46: • 50: • 51:

Christoph Seebeck General ledger, 1759–1786. Book on operation expenses, 1779–1785. Memorial, 1783–1786.

Samuel Johann Jencken • 60–63, 69, 73, 89, 98: General ledgers, 1770–1783, 1770–1782, 1774– 1777, 1777–1780, 1784–1788, 1789–1793, 1772–1774, 1785–1789. • 68, 71: Goods inventories, 1784–1788. Company Mayer & Co • 103, 107, 134, 136, 151: General ledgers of the company and shop, 1777, 1783–1794, 1794–1798, 1796–1798, 1799. • 105, 128, 131, 137, 141: Letter copybooks, 1783–1802. • 106, 142: Copies of account books, 1783–1785, 1798–1801. • 143: Copy book of bills, 1798–1801. • 152: Copy book of payment orders, 1799–1802. • 110: Book on operation expenses, 1783–1786. • 129, 140: Account books, 1792–98, 1798–1801. • 115: Register of invoices, 1787–1795. • 118: Documents of shipping damages, 1788–1816. • 127: Book on incoming goods, 1792–1797. • 135: Goods book, 1795–1797. Inventory 2 Company Mayer & Co • 7: Lists of taxes paid for the merchants of Mayer and Co to the Merchants’ Guild and tax comity, 1798–1847. • 9–13: Private and business correspondence of the company and its owners, 1792, 1795, 1797–1798, 1799, 1784–1835. • 230: Waybills of incoming (from Lübeck and Szczecin) and outgoing ships (Tallinn), 1794–1799.

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231: Freight manifests, freight declarations, customs bills and inventories, 1799–1803. 287–290: Documents concerning the damage of four ships, two coming from Szczecin, one from Russia, 1798–1803. 449–451: Documents concerning three ships, two of them belonging to Mayer, 1797–1803. 492: Ship certicates, passports, freight and customs certicates, 1794– 1807. 493: Freight contracts, 1796–1811. 496: Invoices, trade bills, etc., 1791–1802. 497: Bills and specications of various goods sent to the trading house, 1795–1811. 500: Freight and expense bills, 1791–1804. 522: Documents concerning sea protests, laws and accidents, 1799– 1810. 530: Freight letters, receipts and contracts, excerpts from town laws, 1798–1805. 547, 550: Documents concerning banking operations, 1784–1803. 576: Receipts and orders of payments, 1799–1819. 599: Regulations of trade, shipping and postal matters, 1783–1806. 600: Ordinance issued by the Tallinn vice-regency government concerning the annual fair in Tallinn (lasted for two weeks, held since 1787) and a merchants’ proposal concerning regulations of the fair, 1786. 621: Documents concerning the vodka trade, 1790–1804. 629: Documents concerning the reception and delivery of grain and vodka, 1799–1803. 647: Documents concerning salt and wood products, 1799–1811. 653: Various certicates of the trading houses of Mayer & Co and Küster & Son, 1797–1848. 670: Documents concerning customs matters, 1798–1886. 683: Orders for goods, 1797–1849. 688: Invoices, waybills, receipts and letters of Mayer’s predecessor Samuel Johann Jencken, 1768–1771. 690–691: Lists of local and foreign goods, invoices and trade bills, freight bills, 1769–1774. 692: Invoices of various goods imported from Germany, England, France and the Netherlands, 1769–1786. 693: Waybills of incoming ships from Lübeck, Amsterdam, Hull, etc., 1770–1789. 694: Notes about expenses on merchandise, 1770–1791. 695: Warranty deeds and customs declarations, 1783–1787.

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701–717: Correspondence of S.J. Jencken, 1768–1789. 720: Business and freight contracts, 1779–1788. 734–736: Various documents, invoices and trade bills of the Tallinn merchant Carl Nyberg Senior, 1741–1786. 738: Business correspondence of C. Nyberg Senior, 1760–1762. 739: Bills drawn by C. Nyberg, 1759–1780. 744: Delivery statements of business partner Johan Bachmann from the port of Tallinn, 1798–1799. 811: Price lists of local and foreign companies, 1770–1804. 816, 839, 846: Market reports from St. Petersburg, 1781–1873, Riga, 1787–1873, London, Amsterdam and various German and Italian towns, 1779–1873. 836: Papers concerning the Danish Asiatic Company in Copenhagen, 1770–1807.

Inventory 3 • • • • •

1–3: Various customs documents and documents concerning customs duties paid, 1773–1788. 7: Notebook of loaded goods, c. 1790. 41: Account book, 1795. 46: General ledger, 1795. 53: Fragment of a daybook of dispatched manufactured goods and money received, 1794–1797.

Accessibility Three inventories. E. Siimo, Eesti NSV Riikliku Ajaloomuuseumi dokumendifondi teatmik [Guide to the documentary record groups of the State Historical Museum of the Estonian SSR] (Tallinn, 1963), which contains a guide to the museum holdings, with a comprehensive description and a bibliography of related publications for each record group. Record creator / provenance The record group comprises materials of four merchants and companies based in Tallinn. The founding of St. Petersburg in 1703 caused stagnation or even an interruption of the town’s trade. Since then, Tallinn served chiey as an intermediate port. Not only St. Petersburg but also Narva and Pärnu (Pernau) exceeded Tallinn in export volumes. Only the last decades of the eighteenth century saw the revival of transit trade in Tallinn.

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Johann Berend Stein (d. 1795) acquired burghership of Tallinn in 1766. He was an alderman of the Seiden- und Lakenhändler-Kompagnie (silk and linen trading company). Johan Christoph Seebeck (d. 1786) became a burgher in 1769 and served as the alderman of the Great Guild. Samuel Johann Jencken (1740–1789) became a burgher in Tallinn in 1771. He was a merchant of the Nuremberg Company dealing with retail trade and owner of a spinning mill. The origin of imported commodities (salt, tobacco, herring, all kinds of manufactured goods, especially from non-precious metals) gave the company its name Nürnberger Krämer (und Bauernhändler)-Kompagnie. The company Mayer & Co was founded by Ernst August Mayer (d. 1818) in Tallinn in 1783 and conducted widespread commission trade, shipping and banking operations at the end of the eighteenth century and throughout the nineteenth century. Mayer became a burgher of Tallinn in 1783 and a council member in 1790. His joint business venture with Gottlieb Küster, the trading house Mayer & Küster, was one of the leading importers and grain exporters in the town. Publications • • • •

Adelheim, Georg (ed.), Das Revaler Bürgerbuch, 1710–1786 (Beiträge zur Kunde Estlands XIX) (Tallinn, 1934). Elias, Otto-Heinrich, “Revaler Handelsschiffahrt im 18. Jahrhundert”, in: Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas, NF 15 (1967), pp. 16–28. Elias, Otto-Heinrich, Reval in der Reformpolitik Katharinas II. Die Statthalterschaftzeit 1783–1796 (Bonn-Godesberg, 1978). Jaago, Kalev, “Jenckenite suguvõsa osa Haapsalu ajaloos 1648–1842 [Role of the Jenckens in the History of Haapsalu 1648–1842]”, in: Läänemaa Muuseumi Toimetised, 3 (Haapsalu, 1999).

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NATIONAL LIBRARY OF ESTONIA Eesti Rahvusraamatukogu Tallinn www.nlib.ee

Rare Books Collection Record group Rare Books Collection Harulduste osakond Reference code : not applicable Period : 1500–up to the present Abstract The Rare Books Collection comprises literature in Estonian published before 1861 and in foreign languages published before 1831. It also contains around 1500 documents dating back to the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and more than 24,000 printed works from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries published in Estonia, Russia and western Europe. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1600–1782 : Estonia, Finland, Russia, Sweden : High German, Russian, Swedish

The majority of the records are ordinances and privileges issued by the Swedish and Russian authorities. A number of manuscripts and prints relate to the privileges of the nobility and concern the regulation of different spheres of town life. Relevant materials include regulations pertaining to trade in Tallinn (Reval) as well as in the whole empire (of Russia). The following documents concern Tallinn: trading house regulations, 1670 (printed in 1679); rules for sorting goods, 1730; retail trading regulations, 1756. With regard to Russia there are: storage regulations of St. Petersburg, 1782; regulations for merchant ships in Russia, 1781–1782; customs tariffs in Russia, 1782.

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Card catalogues of manuscripts and Baltic-related prints and books. Prints and books in Tallinn libraries can be searched at: helios.nlib.ee. Custodial history The collection is based on the oldest books from the collections of the Tallinn City and Alexander Gymnasiums. In addition, it includes books from other, smaller libraries and private collections.

TALLINN CITY ARCHIVES Tallinna Linnaarhiiv Tallinn www.tallinn.ee/est/g18

Tallinn Brotherhood of Black Heads Record group Tallinn Brotherhood of Black Heads Tallinna Mustpeade Vennaskond Reference code : 87 Period : 1400–1940 Extent : 731 items Abstract The archives of the Brotherhood contain lists of its members, correspondence, statutes, minutes, inventories and expense accounts of activities such as charity, re ghting and military service. The bulk of the material pertains to internal affairs of the Brotherhood and its relations with other corporations in town, rather than to the commercial activities of its members.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1450–1800 : Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Russia : High German, Latin, Low German

Relevant materials include lists of the members of the Brotherhood: items 20 (1446–1499), 21 (1500–1570), 21a (1500–1581), 22 (1647–1666), 23 (1715–1866) and 47 (1742–1796, 1757–1829). There are also some modern transcripts of the lists of members (items 45–46). Item 55 contains certicates of members accepted to the brotherhood (1749–1799). Among the collection of charters (items 88–250, 1400–1800) there are several texts pertaining to trade. Accessibility Inventory in German, with introduction in Estonian. A new electronic database is under construction and will be made available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais. Record creator / provenance The Brotherhood of Black Heads was a guild of merchant journeymen, rst mentioned in Tallinn (Reval) in 1400. It consisted of unmarried merchants who usually joined the Great Guild when they married and settled down. The Brotherhood played an important role in the social life of the town elite. In addition to festivities, it practised charity, created a cavalry unit and later established a re brigade. The medieval guild evolved into a club in the modern period. It was banned by the Soviet government in 1940. Those members who survived World War II, re-established the Brotherhood in Germany, where it continues its existence. Custodial history The archives of the Brotherhood were deposited in the Tallinn City Archives in 1942. In 1944 the retreating German troops removed a part to Germany, where it was returned to the Brotherhood, which resumed its activities. Related materials Part of the archives of the Tallinn Brotherhood of Black Heads is kept in the City Archives of Hamburg, Germany.

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Publications • •

Amelung, Friedrich, and Georges Wrangell, Geschichte der Revaler Schwarzenhäupter (Tallinn, 1930). Tallinna Mustpead. Mustpeade vennaskonna ajaloost ja varadest / Die Revaler Schwarzenhäupter, Geschichte und Schätze der Bruderschaft der Schwarzenhäupter, eds. J. Kreem and U. Oolup (Tallinn, 1999).

Tallinn Great Guild Record group Tallinn Great Guild Tallinna Suurgild Reference code : 191 Period : 1364–1922 Extent : 406 items Abstract This collection comprises various documents concerning the internal life of the merchant corporation, such as lists of members and ofcials of the guild, minutes, account books and inventories, as well as documents related to disputes between members. A considerable part of the records concerns the charity activities of the guild. Besides that, it contains documentation on the relations of the guild with the Tallinn town council and other guilds in Tallinn (Reval). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1450–1800 : Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : High German, Latin, Low German, Russian

The materials are described in two inventories. Inventory 1 •

16–18, 22: Papers concerning trade and taxation orders, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

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25–88: Minutes and diaries (diarium) of the guild, as well as excerpts from the minutes of the town council (1557–1800), pertaining to various matters, including trade regulations and trade activities of the merchants. 115–129: Papers including lists of the guild’s members and ofcials as well as various certicates, 1500–1851. 122–150: Documentation on various court cases, mainly disputes and conicts with other guilds, with items 132 (1635), 141 (1637–1685), 144 (1682–1691) and 147 (1691–1694) pertaining to trade. 268–272: Merchant books of Hans and Jürgen Honerjäger, 1554–1559

Inventory 2 This inventory lists diaries, minutes, account books and inventories that are not included in inventory no. 1 • •

49: Papers concerning taxes on Russian and German goods, 1609. 56: Collection of transcripts concerning town life, including the establishment and the rules of the Nuremberg Company (Nürnberger Krämer- und Bauerhändlerkompanie), 1743–1785.

Accessibility Inventory no. 1 in Estonian, with introduction; inventory no. 2 in German. A new electronic database is under construction and will be made available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais. Record creator / provenance The Great Guild of Tallinn (Reval) was a privileged association composed primarily of wholesale merchants and set up to preserve the rights and privileges of its members. Its purposes and functions overlapped with those of the municipal government resulting in a close connection between the Great Guild and the town authorities. It was subject to the control of the town council until 1876, and afterwards to the city government. It exercised economic and political power through electing its members to commissions and serving in the town council (the latter was just composed of guild members). The guild also performed public services and provided social welfare for its members. The Great Guild of Tallinn was established in the mid-fourteenth century. It was rst mentioned in 1363. From the fteenth century onwards, it was called the Great Guild ( grosse Gilde). Its dominant position in the civic government and trade of the town largely disappeared after the town

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magistracy had been abolished in the 1870s, but it continued to perform its functions until 1920. Custodial history The archives of the Great Guild were deposited in the Tallinn City Archives after the dissolution of the Guild in 1920. In 1944 the retreating German troops removed a portion of the documents to Germany. In 1990 this collection was returned to Tallinn. Because of this, the archives are described in two inventories with overlapping contents: inventory 1 (1954) lists the documents that remained in Tallinn, inventory 2 was completed in Germany. Related materials A small part of the materials of the Great Guild is preserved in the Estonian History Museum (reference code: 153). Publications • •

Bunge, Georg Friedrich, Die Quellen des Revaler Stadtrechts, Vols. 1–2 (Tartu, 1844–1846). Nottbeck, Eugen von, Die alten Schragen der Grossen Gilde zu Reval (Tallinn, 1885).

Tallinn Town Council Record group Tallinn Town Council Tallinna magistraat Reference code : 230 Period : 1237–1889 Extent : 12764 items Abstract The archives of the Tallinn (Reval) town council comprise a large variety of documents pertaining to various aspects of the town’s existence. The materials include privileges, manuscript and printed books, burgher books, real estate records, taxation records, minutes, correspondence of the town

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council, court records, merchant books, and records on the relations with the guilds, religious institutions of the town, etc. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1450–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : French, High German, Latin, Low German, Russian, Swedish

The collection is described in 13 inventories, most extensive of which is inventory no. 1, including sections of charters (Urkunden), town books (Stadtbücher, A.), and documents (Akten, B.). The volumes of items can vary considerably. Some of them therefore have subdivisions numbered with Roman numerals. Inventory 1 Cm. Manuscript Books There are ve medieval codices of Lübeck town law, and one town law of Magnus Erikson. Item Cm 17 concerns the maritime law of the Wendish towns and dates from 1482. A.a. Town Books This sub-section (248 items, dating from 1312–1867), contains burgher books, real estate records, books of the town council’s decisions, copybooks of town privileges, registers of sent letters, minutes of the lower court (Niedergericht), books of receipts of the treasury, etc. • • • • • • •

9a: Copies of the decisions of the town council sent to Lübeck, 1458– 1505. 10–15: Draft books of outgoing letters, 1481–1599. 15b: Reports of Hanseatic assemblies, 1430–1453. 16: Register of the town council’s decisions, 1515–1554 (see Ebel under “Publications”). 18: Register of sealed letters, 1514–1572. 21: Register of letters to foreign and domestic rulers, 1536–1568. 21b–d: Instructions and relations, 1600–1687.

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31: Minutes of the Hanseatic assembly in Lübeck, August 1591. 97a: Protocols of the commercial court (Protocollum Jud. Commercii), 1694–1704. 103d: Protocol (Protocollum commissionale) concerning grain export, 1762. 122: Various court regulations of Lübeck, 1727. 155–224: Books of drafts, 1685–1799. 225: Copies of decisions on trade and jurisdiction, 1664–1682. 233: Register of passports (Pass rotulus), 1714–1750. 248: Corpus Privilegiorum civitatis Revaliensis, copies of town privileges.

A.b. Minutes of the Town Council This sub-section contains 284 items dating from 1526–1799. The earliest volumes, from the sixteenth century, have considerable gaps. A.c. Statutes of the Guilds (Schragen) This sub-section consists of 50 items, dating from c. 1300–1830. • • •

2: Statutes from the Novgorod merchant house (see Die Nowgoroder Schra under “Publications”). 3: Copy book of documents and statutes of the Tallinn Great Guild, 1744. 4: Statutes of the Tallinn Brotherhood of Black Heads, 1654.

A.d. Town Finances This section of the town archives contains the town books pertaining to the town economy. A large number of volumes (15, 26, 32, 39, 40, 46, 52, 62, 64, 66, 67, 69, 72, 84, 90–93, with considerable gaps) comprise account and notebooks of the town’s coffers (Kämmerei), which reect the town economy. Also preserved are a number of records on different branches of urban nancing, like minting (22, 34), revenues from landed estates, etc. • •

25: Revenues from real estate tax, pound tax and tun tax (also containing expenses of the town’s delegations), 1460–1514. 33: Lists of exported rye (with names of skippers, merchants and the respective amounts), sixteenth century–1567.

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43: List of the tun and beacon taxes, and wine, beer and stone excise, 1530–1552. 44: Book of the excise dues paid by Jasper Kappenberg, 1531. 50, 51: Salt excise, 1549–1566. 55: Book of debts of the town bailiff Ifen von der Högh, 1552–1560. 56: Excise of wines, foreign beer and meat, 1553. 63: Account of the administration of the inheritance of Johann Houwer, 1565–1584. 65: Salt import and excise, 1569–1580. 74: Book of real estate tax of Tallinn, 1634–1656. 79: Accounts of excise of wheat and malt, 1674. 80: Accounts of excise of wheat and malt, 1675. 81: Accounts of excise of wheat and malt, 1678. 82, 83: Accounts of excise, 1676–1677.

A.e. Inheritance Inventories The sub-section contains 10 items, dating from 1530–1758 (see also section B.t. for inventories of the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries). • • • • • • • • • •

1: Inheritance inventories, 1530–1534. 2: Inheritance inventories, 1540–1548. 3: Inheritance inventories, 1553–1558. 4: Inventories, 1558–1559, 1563, 1589, 1599–1600, 1607. 5: Inventory and accounts of Kappenberg, 1569. 6: Inheritance inventories, 1578–1584. 7: Inheritance inventories 1603–1605. 8: Inheritance inventories, 1604–1617, and a list of guardians until 1659. 9: Inheritance inventories 1617–1618. 10: Inheritance inventories and the testament of merchant elder Michael Meyer, 1758.

A.f. Merchants’ Books Most books in this sub-section (179 items, 1399–1810) date from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. These books register various commercial transactions of the merchants, including debts. Often, more than one book per merchant has been preserved.

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A.g. Tax Lists of Ships The sub-section of Schiffslisten, Portorienbücher (also Ein- und Ausführung, Schuten Journal, etc., 257 items, dating from 1425–1816) registers the taxes paid to the town and therefore focuses on commodities. The dates of arrival and departure and skippers’ names are registered along with the cargoes’ origins, places of departure and destination and lists of goods grouped by owners, with their amounts and sums of the taxes paid. This sub-section is divided into two parts: a and b. a) • •

1–4: Old ship lists, 1425–1471, 1479–1496 (see Vogelsang under “Publications”). 5: Ship lists, 1586–1587.

b) • • • • • • • •

1–6, 7–9, 11–242: Ship lists, 1617–1781 (with small gaps). 243: Account of the port ofce (Portory Cammer), 1715–1720. 244: Journal of ships, 1718. 245: Journal of ships, 1718–1723, 1723–1724. 246: Journal of the Admiralty about the repairs of ships, 1716–1723. 247, 248: Taxes from the scales and expenses, 1731–1739. 249, 250: Debt books on unpaid freight taxes, 1773, 1797. 251: Ship book of the brigantine Die zwey Freunde von Reval, 1790– 1793.

Some of the port tax records are to be found in the following subsections: •

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B.a. Town Finances * 17: Journal of the port ofce (Portorii diarium), bulwark and port accounts, 1600s. * 39: Pile and bridge taxes and port taxes, 1634–1784. * 62: List of incoming and outgoing ships with data on paid port taxes (dating from 1672–1673, 1675–1676, 1678, 1680, 1682) and on the part of port taxes debited to the town treasury (from the years 1762–1781). B.h. Trade * 10: Port tax, 1671–1690.

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* 41: Minutes of ships’ protests, 1747–1783. * 53: Lists of ships departed from Tallinn in 1721 with data on cargo and customs dues, and lists of all goods shipped to and from Tallinn in 1793 and to and from Riga in 1788. * 66: Port customs dues, 1768, 1780, 1795. * 78: List of ships arrived in Tallinn in 1789 indicating the size of the crew and the length of the journey. A.f. Merchants’ Books * 39: Book of the salt taxes (Salzwägebuch), 1542–1550.

A.i. Announcements This sub-section consists of books of announcements and books of the socalled Baltic regency period. They contain various regulations of central authorities from the years 1700–1796. A.k. Varia • •

4: Lübeck town law and maritime law (printed), 1728. 5: Dutch maritime law (Ordinantie angaande de dienst ter Zee, manuscript), eighteenth century.

B.a. Town Finances The sub-section contains loose accounts of the town’s coffers, accounts on taxation of the townspeople, poll tax (soul revision) and real estate tax lists of taxed burghers. • • • • • • • • • •

9: Accounts of the beacon tax (used for nancing the building of the Kõpu beacon in Hiiumaa (Dagö)), 1527–1529. 16: Tax revenues from the town’s scales (Puntkammer), i.e. customs duties, 1585–1653. 17: Accounts from the town’s scales, and accounts of the port construction, 1498–1704. 23: Excise accounts, 1609–1710. 24: Excise on imported wine and beer, 1524–1563. 35: Accounts of the town coffers, 1559–1660. 36: Accounts of the town coffers, 1672–1720. 39: Pile and bridge taxes, 1635–1768. 40: Letters and regulations concerning excise duties, 1618–1787. 45: Accounts of the excise, 1625–1724, 1775–1810.

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48: Heinrich Baaden’s accounts on the building of bulwarks, 1687– 1707. 55: D. Reimer’s credit for port expenses, 1688–1700, and papers concerning the repair of the merchant harbour and raising port taxes, 1788. 70: Privileges of the town to raise taxes and customs duties, 1248– 1853.

B.b. Minting This sub-section (10 items, dating from 1365–1811) consists of books and papers concerning minting in Tallinn (the rst of which has been published, see Revaler Münzbücher under “Publications”). B.f. Guilds and Artisans This sub-section contains mainly regulations concerning the relations between the guilds and town government. Files concerning trade are the following: • • • • •

3: Complaints of the guilds against the commander of the Teutonic Order in Pärnu (Pernau) because of the restrictions on trade. 46: Complaints of the Great Guild about the trade of the needlemaker J.J.Ch. Stein, 1788. 57: Pilots, 1698–1726. 70: Complaints of the Great Guild raised in the commercial court about trade disruptions, 1774. 96: Complaints of the Guild of St. Canute, among other matters about trade restrictions, 1534–1697.

B.h. Trade This sub-section comprises 85 items, many of which have subdivisions. It contains loose documentation on trade. There are rich collections of correspondence of merchants as well as their account books, dating from the fteenth to eighteenth centuries (mainly sixteenth and seventeenth). Besides, the section contains various regulations of central authorities, Swedish royal (nos. 8, 9, 27) and Russian imperial (nos. 33, 43, 80) trade regulations. Some items contain material on disagreements of Tallinn with other Estonian towns (most notably Narva, nos. 28, 29, 62, 63) on trade rights, trading outside the town limits (nos. 32, 34) and foreign merchants (nos. 26, 44, 46, 58, 73).

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1–III: Hanse accounts from Novgorod, fteenth century. 1–V: Account book of taxes, 1524. 2: Copies of the merchants’ privileges, 1277–1547. 6: Wine accounts, 1631–1696. 7: Laments on the fall of the Tallinn trade in the Swedish period, 1676, 1692 (?). 11: Letters about fairs, 1681, 1787–1803. 13: Regulation on the maritime court procedures (See-Gerichts Processus) of Lübeck, 1655, and regulation of customs taxes (Lizent-ordnung) in Livonian towns, 1662. 14: Regulation of port duties (Portorii ordonnance), 1648–1652, 1670. 24–I: Customs (Puntkammer) documents, 1606–1668. 24–II: Commerce documents on ship cargoes and shipping, 1529, 1546–1697. 30, 31: Letters on customs, 1622–1629. 36: Price lists of rye, 1558–1559. 41: Protocols of ships’ protests, 1747–1783, 1797. 42: Regulations of customs and port matters, 1553–1783. 49: Exchange law of Riga, 1766. 50: Drafts of testimonies on ships’ parts of Tallinn burghers, 1694– 1709. 56: Regulation of trade with Russians, sixteenth century. 57: Complaints of German and English merchants in Pskov (Pleskau). 60: Papers concerning the customs ofce, 1674–1703. 61: Privileges and resolutions on the staple rights of Riga and Tallinn. 64: Papers concerning grain exported by Tallinn merchant companies, 1791–1799, grain brought to Tallinn, 1742–1764, accounts of import and export of St. Petersburg (printed), import and export of Tallinn, 1788–1798, export of Archangel, 1795, 1797, and a report on import of Tallinn merchants, 1792. 65: Report on merchants at Tallinn, and their capital and property, 1787. 74: Ban on French goods, 1793. 77: List of Tallinn merchants owning prohibited French goods, 1793. 80–II: Letters about Russian trade in the countryside, 1724–1771. 80–III: Announcements of the Tallinn customs ofce (Lizentkontor) to the town council, 1726–1782.

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B.i. Lawsuits This sub-section (204 items, fteenth to seventeenth centuries) contains court les on various lawsuits, sorted by the names of opposite parties. The majority of the les concerns disputed inheritances. B.r. Countryside The sub-section (62 items) consists mainly of papers concerning Tallinn’s relations with Livonian estates (such as minutes of the Diets, etc). The main issues are disagreements of the town with the nobility on jurisdiction and peasants. A few items specically touch upon trade issues: • • •

18: Complaints about the prohibited trade in land (pre-emption), 1574, 1705, 1547–1800. 38: Conicts between the town and the nobility on trade at small ports on the coast, 1651–1699. 40: Demands of the nobility to participate in the grain trade.

B.s. Regulations of the Town Council (Ratswillküren) • • • • •

6: Trade regulations, 1527–1688, 1750, 1756. 21: Old port regulations, 1685, 1789. 25: Vocations of brokers, 1663–1715. 26: Scales regulations, 1652, documents on the town’s scales, 1573–1762, supplications on the rent of the towns scales, 1752, 1791. 49: Papers concerning inspectors of goods, sixteenth to nineteenth centuries.

In addition, some other items may also contain trade regulations. B.t. Inventories • • •

1–5: Inventories, arranged chronologically, sixteenth century. 7–14: Inventories, arranged chronologically, seventeenth century. 15–18: Inventories, arranged alphabetically, eighteenth century (for inventories of merchants from the eighteenth century, see Pullat under “Publications”).

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B.A. Drafts of Letters This sub-section consists of 18 items (fteenth to eighteenth centuries), most of them containing many subdivisions. The papers occasionally include minutes of the town council. B.B. Incoming Letters This sub-section consists of 75 items (fourteenth to eighteenth centuries) with many subdivisions, containing letters to the town council from both foreign and domestic rulers, institutions and private persons. •

7, 9–12: Letters from private persons to the town council sorted alphabetically, sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. • 13: Letters of private persons to private persons, seventeenth to eighteenth centuries. • 15: Promissory notes, sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. • 19: Obligations, testimonies and credentials, sorted alphabetically, 1486–1600. • 20, 21: Obligations, testimonies and credentials, sorted alphabetically, seventeenth century. • 26: Complaints and petitions to the Tallinn town council, 1521–1532. • 38, 39, 41, 42: Letters from German towns, from the fourteenth century onwards. • 40: Letters from Lübeck, 1375–1793. • 43: Letters from Scandinavian and Dutch towns, fteenth to eighteenth century. • 44–46: Obligations of private persons and the town council, seventeenth to eighteenth centuries. • 48: Letters from private persons to other private persons and the town council, sorted alphabetically, fteenth to eighteenth centuries. • 64, 65: Letters of private persons to other private persons, certicates and testimonies, eighteenth century. • 74: Papers concerning foreign and regional towns. • 75: Varia. B.C. Livonian Towns This sub-section (19 items, fourteenth to nineteenth centuries) contains correspondence of Tallinn with Estonian and Latvian towns.

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B.D. Hanse The sub-section (fourteenth to seventeenth centuries) contains 28 items with subdivisions. It includes minutes (Recesse, published in the series of Hanserecesse) of Hanseatic negotiations (nos. 3–12, 17, 18), accounts of the costs of Tallinn’s delegations (no. 1) and correspondence with Hanseatic assemblies (nos 13, 15, 19, 20). • • • • • • • • • • • •

14–I: Letters from the Kontor (trading post) of Hanse merchants in Novgorod, 1346–1521. 14–II: Letters from the Kontor of Hanse merchants in Bruges, 1402– 1561. 14–III: Letters from the Hanseatic League, 1407–1496. 14–IV: Letters from Hanse merchants in Antwerp, Narva, Deventer and Lübeck, 1405–1576. 14–V to VIII: Hanse correspondence, 1344–1601. 16: Peace negotiations between the kings of Sweden and Denmark and Lübeck, 1570–1571. 21: Propositions for the preservation of the Hanseatic League, sixteenth century. 22: Prussian replies to Wendish towns, 1576. 24: Positions of the Tallinn town council, 1515. 26: Complaints of the German merchants in Bruges about their privileges, 1525, 1585. 27: Short description of the Hanse trade in Livonia and Russia, 1570. 28: Articles about Hanse privileges, 1662.

B.F. Suecica The sub-section contains various documents on relations with Sweden (Suecica), mostly on delegations to and correspondence with the kings of Sweden, governors and chiefs, as well as royal trade regulations, and letters of courts of justice from Riga, Stockholm and Tartu (Dorpat). • • • •

2: Old Suecica, 1365–1542. 14: Private appellations to Sweden and Swedish appellations to Tallinn, 1564–1599. 26: Political correspondence containing letters on the trade in Narva, 1582, 1591–1597. 31–36: Court les, seventeenth century.

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41 I: Letters on the trade in Narva, 1596–1608. 56: Letters of Gustav Adolph, 1620–1625, containing a lament about the decline of trade, 1624–1625. 57 I: Letters of Gustav Adolph, 1626–1632, containing an instruction on salt trade, 1628. 73: Drafts of letters to the king of Sweden, including a letter on salt and grain trade, 1663. 75: Swedish royal resolutions, some of them pertaining to trade and related issues. 108: Negotiations in Karlskrona about the ship De Boer, which sailed from Holland to Tallinn with military goods, and was captured by the Swedes, 1789.

B.H. Rossica The sub-section contains political correspondence, treaties, documents pertaining to Muscovite wars, orders of Russian rulers and correspondence with Russian towns. • • • • • • • •

4: Correspondence of the Tallinn burgher Jakob Steenwycke from Russia to Tallinn, 1542–1556, 1563. 11: Papers concerning relations of Tallinn with Russia and Russian trade, 1418–1636. 12: Rossica, 1603–1688. 13: Documents on Russian trade, 1545–1731. 16: Documents relating to the privileges of Tartu (Dorpat) in trade with Russians 1647. 30: 156 old Russian documents, 1392–1689 (see under “Publications”). 31: Petitions of Tallinn burghers to the Russian Empress Anna, and disagreements with Russian merchants in Tallinn, 1764–1765. 33: Imperial orders containing a regulation of the sale of Siberian goods, 1736.

B.J. Danica This sub-section (8 items) contains transcripts of privileges granted by the Danish kings, correspondence with the kings (sixteenth century), treaties and letters from Danish towns. Items 7 I–II include private cases from Denmark, dating from 1437–1498, 1786–1806.

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B.K. Lists of Inhabitants The sub-section (41 items) contains various lists of real estate owners in town as well as of people having taken an oath of allegiance. There are also lists of Russian merchants and of foreigners. Items 26, 27 comprise data on grain deposits and grain prices, dating from the eighteenth century. B.L. Delegations The sub-section (21 items, fourteenth to eighteenth centuries) contains various documents, such as reports of the negotiations and costs accounts of the town’s delegations sent mostly to Sweden or Russia. B.M. Corsairs and Pirates The sub-section contains mostly loose materials on merchants reporting losses, but also letters of pirates as well as documentation on the military activities of Tallinn against pirates. • • • • • • • •

1: Papers concerning the years 1395–1586. 2: Papers concerning the seventeenth century. 3: Papers concerning Sören Norby, 1523, 1526–1530. 4: Court le of Melchior von dem Berge contra Johann Schmedemann, 1559–1563. 5: Court le of Heine Becker contra Jürgen Honerjäger, 1570. 6: Account of Jochim Belholt about a ship seized by Admiral Hans Larsson from a skipper Matys Bertelson, 1567. 7: Papers concerning the piracy of Otto Weidenstrauch, 1574, 1580. 8: Case of ships seized from Sibrandt Ockes, 1667, 1678, and a Swedish ship from Bordeaux seized by the British, 1704.

B.N. Testaments These testaments of Tallinn burghers and inhabitants date from the fteenth to seventeenth centuries and are arranged in alphabetical order. B.O. Varia This sub-section consists of 25 items. • •

13 VII: Letter on a good bulwark master, 1595. 13 VIII: Plan of the Tallinn harbour, seventeenth century.

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17: Explanation and exercise of bookkeeping, eighteenth century, fragment of an account book.

B.T. Admiralty and Port Office The sub-section (50 items, 1719–1800) comprises letters of the commanders of the port of Tallinn. It contains Promemoria to the Tallinn town council in Russian, occasionally with German translations, treating different cases and regulations between the town and the Russian Navy (provisions, housing etc.). The les also concern customs matters. B.W. Commerce Council This sub-section (5 items, 1720–1806) contains letters on different court cases as well as reports on the import of salt. Inventory 1–I Described here are charters and parchment letters (1155 items, 1237–1835). The materials consist mostly of various privileges, granted to the town by overlords or their conrmations. The series also contains some private letters, testimonies, etc. Inventory 1–II Listed here are parchment letters (303 items, 1466–1577), sorted according to the town of provenance. Inventory 1–IIIa Described here are birth testimonies and certicates (51 items, 1525–1821). Summary descriptions (Regesten) have been published by R. SeebergElverfeldt. Inventory 1–IIIb Listed here are testaments (96 items from 1369–1560). Summary descriptions (Regesten) have been published by R. Seeberg-Elverfeldt. Inventory 2 This inventroy covers court cases on debts and bankruptcies (300 items, 1604–1818, with the bulk dating from the eighteenth century).

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Inventory 3 This inventory lists various court les (2781 items, 1656–1799). Inventory 4–I & II These inventories cover civil court les (1167 items, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries). Inventory 6 This inventory lists minutes (439 items, 1680–1889). Items 349–353 contain minutes of exchange protests, 1680–1801. Accessibility Thirteen inventories, in German. Katalog des Revaler Stadtarchivs von Stadtarchivar D. Hansen, Zweite umgearbeitete und vermehrte Auflage, ed. O. Greiffenhagen (Tallinn, 1926). A new electronic database is under construction and will be made available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais. Record creator / provenance Tallinn developed in the course of the German-Scandinavian crusade in the rst decades of the thirteenth century. In 1248 the use of the Lübeck town law, as well as the existence of a council, is mentioned for the rst time. Since the 1280s Tallinn belonged to the Hanseatic League, and became an important staple on the way from the west to Novgorod. In 1346, the Danes sold Tallinn along with their other land possessions in northern Estonia to the Teutonic Order. The lucrative east-west trade experienced many drawbacks. Most decisive of these was the war with the Muscovites starting in 1558. In 1561 the town subjected itself to the King of Sweden. In the seventeenth century, commerce in Tallinn revived but never reached its pre-war volume. During the Great Nordic War in 1710, Tallinn surrendered to the Russian Tsar Peter I. The town council, the supreme governing body in the town, exercised executive, administrative and judicial functions. It appointed and dismissed town ofcials, granted burghership, approved the charters (rules) of guilds, regulated prices, trade and commerce, administered judicial, religious and educational affairs, supervised lower courts, town properties and schools, and was in charge of collecting taxes and accommodating troops. The town council as a governing body ceased to exist in 1878 and was dissolved as a judicial organ in 1889.

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Custodial history The archives of the Tallinn town council were kept in the town hall until 1937. The most extensive reorganisations were carried out in the late nineteenth century. These resulted in the published catalogue of the older collection of the town council. In 1944 the retreating German troops removed a large portion of the old documents to Germany. In 1990 the collection was returned to Tallinn. Visually attractive The sub-section B.O., “Varia”, includes a plan of the Tallinn port, dating from the seventeenth century. Copies The Herder-Institut in Marburg (Germany) keeps microlm and paper copies of collection. Publications Most of the major source publications on Hanseatic trade have made extensive use of Tallinn’s rich collections: • • •

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Hanserecesse, 1256–1530, ed. Karl Koppmann et al. (Leipzig, München, 1870–1930). Hansisches Urkundenbuch, Vols. 1–11, ed. Konstantin Höhlbaum, Karl Kunze and Walther Stein (Halle, Munich, Leipzig 1876–1916). Liv-, est- und curländisches Urkundenbuch, 1/1–12, 2/1–3, ed. Friedrich Georg von Bunge, Hermann Hildebrand, Philipp Schwartz, Leonid Arbusow and August Bulmeringcq (Tallinn, Riga, Moscow, 1853–1914). Pärnu linna ajalooallikad 13.–16.sajandini / Quellen zur Geschichte der Stadt Pernau 13.–16. Jahrhundert, Vol. 1 (Pärnu, 2001).

Other relevant (source) publications include the following (when applicable with references to the sections containing the originals): • •

Bunge, Friedrich Georg von (ed.), Die Quellen des Revaler Stadtrechts, Vols. 1–2 (Tallinn, 1844, 1847) [Cm 5, 6]. Das älteste Wackenbuch des Revaler St. Johannis-Siechenhauses 1435– 1507 (Publikationen aus dem Revaler Stadtarchiv, IV. F., 2.), ed. Paul Johansen (Tallinn, 1925) [A.d. 18].

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Das drittälteste Erbebuch der Stadt Reval (1383–1458), ed. Eugen von Nottbeck (Tallinn, 1892) [A.a. 6c]. Das Revaler Bürgerbuch 1409–1624, ed. Otto Greiffenhagen (Tallinn, 1932) [A.a. 5]. Das Revaler Bürgerbuch 1786–1796 / Tallinna kodanikeraamat 1786– 1796, ed. Csaba János Kenéz et al (Tallinn, 2006). Das Revaler Pergament Rentenbuch 1382–1518, ed. Artur Plaesterer (Tallinn, 1930) [A.a. 3]. Die Nachlassverzeichnisse der deutschen Kau!eute in Tallinn 1702–1750 / Tallinna saksa kaupmeeste varandusinventarid: 1702–1750, Vol. 1, ed. Raimo Pullat (Tallinn, 1997) [B.t. 17]. Die Nachlassverzeichnisse der deutschen Kau!eute in Tallinn 1752–1775 / Tallinna saksa kaupmeeste varandusinventarid: 1752–1775, Vol. 2, ed. Raimo Pullat (Tallinn, 2002) [B.t. 17]. Die Nachlassverzeichnisse der deutschen Kau!eute in Tallinn 1777–1800 / Tallinna saksa kaupmeeste varandusinventarid: 1777–1800, Vol. 3, ed. Raimo Pullat (Tallinn, 2004) [B.t. 17]. Die Nowgoroder Schra: in sieben Fassungen vom XIII. bis XVII. Jahrhundert / "#   :       XIII  XVII  , ed. W. Schlüter (Tartu, 1911) [A.c. 2]. Die Revaler Munster-Rolle anno 1688: ein Verzeichnis der Bürger und Einwohner, ed. Heinz von zur Mühlen (Lüneburg, 1992). Ebel, Wilhelm (ed.), Das Revaler Ratsurteilsbuch (Register van affsproken), 1515–1554 (Göttingen, 1952) [A.a. 16]. Kämmereibuch der Stadt Reval 1432–1507 (Quellen und Darstellungen zur hansischen Geschichte, N.F., Vol. XXII/1–2, Vol. XXVII/1.2), ed. Reinhard Vogelsang (Cologne, Vienna, 1976, 1983) [A.d. 15, 26]. Lübecki õiguse Tallinna koodeks / Der Revaler Kodex des lübischen Rechts 1282, ed. Tiina Kala (Tallinn, 1998) [Cm 6]. Mühlen, Heinz von zur, “Drei Revaler Einwohnerlisten aus dem 15. und 16. Jahrhundert”, in: Zeitschrift für Ostforschung, 19/4 (1970), pp. 699–744 [B.a. 20, partly]. Regesten aus zwei Missivbüchern des XVI. Jahrhunderts im Revaler Stadt-Archiv, ed. Gotthard von Hansen (Tallinn, 1895) [A.a. 14, A.a. 21]. Revaler Geleitsbuch-Bruchstücke 1365–1458, ed. Paul Johansen (Tallinn, 1929) [A.d. 4, 5 18]. Revaler Schiffslisten, 1425–1471 und 1479–1496 (Quellen und Studien zur baltischen Geschichte, 13), ed. Reinhard Vogelsang (Cologne, Weimar, 1992) [A.g. a. 1–4].

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Revaler Urkunden und Briefe von 1273–1510, ed. Dieter Heckmann (Cologne, 1995) [selection from inventory 1–I]. Revals Beziehungen zu Riga und Russland in den Jahren 1483–1505. Briefregesten und Briefe aus einem Conceptbuche des Revaler Rathes, ed. Theodor Schiemann (Tallinn, 1885) [A.a. 10]. Russkaja istoritshekaja biblioteka, Vol. 15. I, Russkie Akty Revelskago gorodskogo arhiva, ed. A. Baruskov (St. Petersburg, 1894) [B.H. 30]. Seeberg-Elverfeldt, Roland, “Geburts- und Lehrbriefe der Jahre 1525–1821 aus dem Revaler Stadtarchiv”, in: Ostdeutsche Familienkunde, 5 (1968), pp. 65–72 [inventory 1–IIIa]. Seeberg-Elverfeldt, Roland, Revaler Regesten III, Testamente Revaler Bürger und Einwohner aus den Jahren 1369–1851 (Göttingen, 1975) [inventory 1–IIIb, B.N. 1–2]. Tallinna mündiraamatud 1416–1526 / Revaler Münzbucher 1416–1526 (Tallinna Linnaarhiivi Toimetised, 3), ed. Ivar Leimus (Tallinn, 1999) [A.d. 17, 22, 34, B.b.1 I].

TALLINN UNIVERSITY ACADEMIC LIBRARY Tallinna Ülikooli Akadeemiline Raamatukogu Tallinn www.tlulib.ee

Baltic-Related and Rare Book Collection Record group Baltic-Related and Rare Book Collection Baltika ja haruldaste raamatute osakond Reference code : not applicable Period : 1500–up to the present

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Abstract The collection comprises manuscripts, books and prints relating to the Baltic countries in Estonian as well as in foreign languages published before 1940 and rare books. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1500–1782 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : High German, Latin, Low German, Russian, Swedish

The extensive collection of prints includes circular letters and regulations of the Tallinn (Reval) town council and several (provincial) institutions. Of interest are various legal acts, both copies and originals: feudal and territorial laws of Estonia (Estland) and Livonia (Livland) (Ritter- und Landrecht); port and customs regulations (1651–1739) and trading house regulations (1670) in Tallinn; customs regulations of Tallinn, Narva and Nyen from 1648 (printed in 1651); monetary regulations (1667); rules for sorters in Tallinn 1730; trading regulations of Riga from 1690, Liepaja (Libau) from 1766 and Jelgava (Mitau) from 1781. Legal acts relating to overseas trade include also the Sea Law of Hanseatic towns (1614), and regulations for Russian merchant ships (1781–1782). Accessibility There are card catalogues of manuscripts, of seventeenth-century Tallinn prints, of eighteenth-century Tallinn prints, and of books published from the sixteenth until the eighteenth centuries. Prints and books in Tallinn libraries can be searched at: helios.nlib.ee. Publications •

Klöker, Martin, Literarisches Leben in Reval in den ersten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts (1600–1657), Vol. 2, Bibliographie der Revaler Literatur: Drucke von den Anfängen bis 1657 (Tübingen, 2005).

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ESTONIAN HISTORICAL ARCHIVES Ajalooarhiiv Tartu www.eha.ee

Est-, Liv- and Kurland Governor-General’s Ofce Record group Est-, Liv- and Kurland Governor-General’s Ofce Eesti-, Liivi- ja Kuramaa kindralkuberneri kantselei Reference code : 291 Period : 1782–1880 Extent : 17988 items Abstract The records of the Ofce of the Governor-General of Estonia (Estland), Livonia (Livland) and Courland (Kurland) consist of series of: decrees, ordinances and orders; account books; missives and registers; reports; and correspondence; as well as subject les on various topics such as military service, trade and industry, taxes, public order, passport issues, road construction, religious affairs, epidemics and diseases, crop failures, appointment of various ofcials, etc. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1783–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Russian

The materials are mostly arranged according to the structure of the Ofce and within this structure are sorted chronologically. They are described in four inventories, three of which are relevant.

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The records of the Governor-General’s Ofce chiey reect the legal dimension of trade. The last decades of the eighteenth century saw a quick development of the Baltic trade. New customs policies implemented in Russia from 1782 on, as well as a reorganisation of the system of merchant guilds, changed the situation in the old trade towns of the Baltic region. Inventory 1 Items 295–308 make up the series of decrees of the Emperor, 1783–1800. Items 417 and 429 contain ordinances relating to trade, the former including printed customs regulations, 1783, the latter quarantine regulations on sea as well as along land borders, 1800. Correspondence and subject les include the following matters: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1180: Establishment of land-border customs ofces, 1783. 1186: Levying customs duties on imported goods passing through several customs stations or ofces in the Russian Empire, 1783. 1190: Granting Russian merchants in Tallinn (Reval) the same privileges in trade as the locals have, 1783. 1225: Shipwreck off the coast of Saaremaa (Ösel), 1783. 1309: Sorting of ax in Pärnu (Pernau), 1784. 1331: Elimination of customs duties on salted Baltic herring imported to Tallinn, 1784. 1382: Data on customs revenues collected at the ports of Riga and Pärnu, 1785. 1410: Levying customs duties on ax passing through the port of Pärnu, 1785. 1504: State of the harbour of Paldiski (Baltischport), 1785. 1515: Data on customs revenues collected at the ports of Riga, Kuressaare (Arensburg) and Pärnu, 1785. 1536: State of the harbour of Paldiski, 1786. 1628: Customs duties on salted sh, 1786. 1639: Applications to become merchants in Tallinn, 1786. 1679: Data on imported and exported goods passing through Tallinn and customs duties collected at the port, 1786. 1728: Unloading ballast from ships, 1787. 1760: State of the harbours of Tallinn and Paldiski, 1787. 1770: Return of the impounded shipment of grain belonging to a Swedish merchant, 1787. 1799: Monthly report on Tallinn’s import and export and customs revenues, 1787 (December). 1852: Unloading ballast from ships, 1788.

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1880: Customs tariffs on Portuguese salt, 1788. 1965: Seizure of Swedish merchant vessels at the port of Riga, 1789. 2034: Swedish seizure of a ship belonging to the Tallinn merchant Jürgens, 1789. 2067: Swedish seizure of the grain shipment of the Tallinn merchant Jürgens, 1790. 2105: Inspection of goods belonging to the merchants in the Estonian Guberniya (province), 1790. 2140: Allowing export to Sweden through Riga, 1790. 2185: Data on incoming and outgoing ships and goods, and overall customs revenues collected at the ports of Riga, Pärnu and Kuressaare, 1788–1789. 2249: Local peasants claiming a fair share (a quarter of the cargo’s value) for their assistance to a Lübeck ship wrecked off the coast of Saaremaa, 1791. 2251: Rescuing a Dutch ship wrecked off the coast of Hiiumaa (Dagö), 1791. 2284: Allowing grain exports from Russia through the Baltic ports, 1791. 2318: Data on collected customs revenues, 1791. 2341: Illicit cross-border trade, 1792. 2354: Tightening the supervision over goods passing through Pärnu, 1792. 2437: Report on customs revenues collected at the Tallinn port, 1792. 2454: Russian goods imported and exported through Tallinn, 1792. 2468: Report on imported goods and customs revenues collected at Riga port, 1792.

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60: Building warehouses at the harbour of Paldiski, 1787. 67: Monthly data on incoming and outgoing ships, value of exported goods and customs duties collected in Haapsalu (Hapsal) and Tallinn, 1789 (March, July). 74: Monthly data on incoming and outgoing ships, value of exported goods and customs duties collected in Tallinn, 1791 (September). 80: Monthly data on incoming and outgoing ships, value of exported goods and customs duties collected in Tallinn, 1792 (June).

Inventory 10 •

5: Letters and orders concerning diverse topics, among other matters dealing with trading rights of Estonian noblemen, 1788–1792.

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7: Monthly data on customs revenues collected at the ports of Tallinn, Haapsalu and Pärnu, 1791–1792. 13: Data on incoming and outgoing ships, value of exported goods and customs duties collected in Tallinn, 1794. 39: Promoting trade in the Baltic provinces, 1799–1800. 65: Report on customs revenues collected in Pärnu, 1800. 67: Abuses of the customs ofcials at the ports of Pärnu and Kuressaare, 1800.

Accessibility Four inventories, in Russian, with indexes to topics and geographical and personal names; also available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais (forthcoming). An updated comprehensive guide in Estonian providing descriptions of the record groups of administrative and judicial organs and of institutions for local self-government and justice is to be found in: Arhiivijuht [Archival guide], 1: Riigi-, kohtu- ja omavalitsusasutused, ed. L. Leppik (Tartu, 2003); also available online at: www.eha.ee (in the database “Fondiloend”). A general directory to major holdings: $ % '    *   +    .   % [Central State Historical Archives of the Estonian SSR. Guide] (Moscow, Tartu, 1969). Record creator / provenance According to the Law of 1775, the Russian Empire was divided into Guberniyas, the administration of which was uniformly organised. Administrative, scal and judicial functions at the provincial level were assigned to separate organs. Following the provincial reforms under Catherine the Great, the Governor-General’s (initially Regent’s) Ofce in Riga was created in 1783. The Baltic Governor-General (  #  -# ) (1783–1876) was the representative of the Russian Emperor in the provinces of Livonia (Livland), Estonia (Estland) and Courland (Kurland) (in the latter since 1795), roughly covering modern-day Estonia and Latvia, except for Latgale. He was appointed by the Emperor and was subject to the latter as well as to the Senate. His duties were regulated by laws and instructions from central authorities. From the beginning of the nineteenth century he acted as an intermediate between the ministries in the capital and the Guberniya administration in situ. The Governor-General, the highest local executive ofcial and military authority, was in charge of the internal order in the provinces and had to take care of their overall security. He was in charge of recruiting troops and had to keep an eye on the garrisons and fortications. His civil duties

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included supervising the provincial administration and prisons, maintaining land roads and bridges, issuing passports, and overseeing the collection of state taxes and customs duties. He appointed and dismissed higher ofcials. In the period of the so-called Regency, 1783–1796, the Ofce consisted of two subdivisions. One dealt with German (local) matters; the other managed Russian affairs (i.e. communication with higher bodies in Russia). The Ofce was abolished in 1876. Custodial history The records of the Baltic Governor-General were initially stored in Riga. More than 200,000 les were damaged in the 1870s. In 1915, major parts of the archives were evacuated to Tartu and Riazan. As a result, the les are nowadays split between the Estonian Historical Archives and Latvian State Historical Archives. The records of the Baltic Governor-General were arranged in Tartu. Those chiey relating to Estonia are now preserved in Tartu, while during the Soviet period thousands of les with other materials were mostly transferred to Latvia. From the materials of the GovernorGeneral preserved in Tartu, separate record groups comprising the papers of the Building Department (record group no. 292), the Military Governor of Riga (no. 4963), the Department of Peasant Affairs (no. 2054) and the Baltic Trade Commission (no. 294) have been created. In 1990, some les were transferred from Latvia back to Estonia (listed in inventory no. 10). Related materials •

Latvia State Historical Archives (Riga): Est-, Liv- and Kurland GovernorGeneral’s Ofce (reference code: 1).

Publications Amburger, Erik, Geschichte der Behördenorganisation Russlands von Peter dem Grossen bis 1917 (Leiden, 1966). • Bienemann, Friedrich, senior. Die Statthalterschaft in Liv- und Ehstland (1783–1796) (Leipzig, 1886). • Elias, Otto-Heinrich, Reval in der Reformpolitik Katharinas II. Die Statthalterschaftszeit 1783–1796 (Bonn, Godesberg, 1978). • Hupel, August Wilhelm, Die gegenwärtige Verfassung der Rigischen und Revalschen Statthalterschaft (Riga, 1789). • Leppik, Lea, “Balti kindralkuberneri arhiivi lugu [Story of the Archives of the Baltic Governor-General]”, in: Eesti Ajalooarhiivi toimetised, Vol. 4 (11) (Tartu, 1999), pp. 91–118. • Leppik, Lea, “    - —   o               ?”, •

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in: Russia and the Baltic States: Political Relations, National Identity and Social Thought in XVIII–XX centuries (Samara, 2001), pp. 24–35.    [A complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire], Vols. I–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830); containing the bulk of decrees and regulations.

Estland Guberniya Administration Record group Estland Guberniya Administration Eestimaa Kubermanguvalitsus Reference code : 30 Period : 1781–1918 Extent : 102933 items Abstract The Guberniya (province) Administration supervised the general administration of the province and its records reect developments in manifold spheres of daily life. This rich body of materials consists of decrees, ordinances, orders, minute books, registers, bookkeeping documents, subject les and correspondence on a wide variety of topics: accommodation of troops, public order, prisons, medicine and social welfare, shipping, commerce and industry, agriculture, peasant revolts, supervision of courts, granting of citizenship and issue of passports, recruitment of soldiers, etc. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1783–1800 : Estonia, Russia, various countries : High German, Russian

The materials are rstly organised according to the inner structure of the Guberniya Administration and secondly, within that structure, arranged chronologically. Two inventories are relevant. Inventory 1: German Expedition This section includes decrees of the Senate from the years 1783–1852 (items 1–10 cover the period up to 1800). One of the duties of the Guberniya

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Administration was to translate and publish in the province the decrees, directives and by-laws issued by the Emperor and various higher bodies and ofcials. The series of ordinances (Publikaten) published by the Estonia (Estland) Guberniya Administration covers the period 1784–1852 (items 27–44 until 1800). In addition to these ordinances of higher local ofcials like the governor-general and the governor, the series also includes selected decrees of the Emperors, Senate, Collegiums (Commerce, Judicial, etc.), valid in Estonia. It is important to note that after the annexation to the Russian Empire, the provincial autonomy of the Baltic territories (known as der baltische Landesstaat) largely survived in trade matters as well. There were different customs tariffs, a customs border between the Baltic territories and Russia proper, various foreign currencies besides rubles, such as Albertustaler, etc. Items 95–99 contain orders and proposals of the governor-general from 1784 to 1794. Minute books run from 1783 to 1852 (items 128–181 until 1800) and journals from 1784 to 1797 (items 333–356). In these bulky volumes one may occasionally come across minutes pertaining to trade and related topics. The same applies to the drafts of outgoing letters (items 26897–26902, 27954). A great number of subject les on trade and merchants from the years 1785–1800 relate to various issues. The following items, sorted by topic, are relevant: • •

7015, 7163: Annual fairs. 7016, 7024, 7041–7043, 7048, 7058–7063, 7065, 7074, 7076–7078, 7080–7086, 7089, 7100, 7103–7111, 7120–7125, 7127–7128, 7131–7137, 7141–7142, 7146–7151: Prices of grain and agricultural products in the province. • 7017, 7018, 7020, 7023, 7073, 7145a, 7181a: Admittance of new members to the corporation of Tallinn (Reval) merchants (Kaufmannschaft). • 7019: Ship cargoes. • 7035: Claim of a merchant against a manor owner concerning salt and grain trade. • 7037, 7094, 7196, 7199: Grain trade. • 7039, 7056: Stay of St. Petersburg merchants in Tallinn and vice versa. • 7046: Arrest of a skipper for importing uncustomed goods. • 7050, 7140: Import of prohibited foreign goods. • 7051, 7181: Use of contraband-related nes paid in the customs ofce at Tallinn port. • 7052: Dangers threatening merchant ships at sea because of war with Sweden.

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7066: Handling of imported goods in the customs ofce. 7068, 7092, 7177, 7182: Purchase of goods from small producers in the countryside. 7070, 7164, 7166: Customs ofces. 7071: Warehouses (Packhaus). 7114, 7116: Grocery shops. 7115: Rights of local nobility to trade in Tallinn. 7117: Merchants without the right to trade foreign goods. 7143: Trade at the harbour of Toolse (Tolsburg) on the northern coast of Estonia. 7145, 7212: Illicit trade. 7153: Export of meat, butter and candles. 7158: Import of grain. 7172: Trade companies. 7173: Purchase of sh on the Finnish coast by Estonian and Russian peasants. 7174: Weights and measures. 7184: Decrees pertaining to trade. 7188, 7194: Lists of merchants. 7190: Foreign merchants. 7208: Customs tariffs. 7214: Restrictions on English merchants and merchandise. 7712–7721: Salt trade. 8113–8135: Vodka trade. 26829: Ban on grain export, 1787–1788. 26830: Shipping of limestone to St. Petersburg, unloading of ships. 26833: Shipbrokers, trade in uncustomed goods in Tallinn. 26843: Inspection of storage houses and the customs office at the port.

Inventory 2: Russian Expedition These records include decrees of the Senate from the years 1764–1852 (items 1–20 until 1800); circular letters and orders from 1784 to 1854; orders and proposals of the governor-general from 1784 to 1847 (items 172–181 until 1800); by-laws (items 189–206 until 1800); and minute books from the period 1784–1852. Items 2148–2151 pertain to shipwrecks and plundering on the Estonian coast.

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Accessibility Fourteen inventories, either in Russian or German, with introductions; also available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais. Topical, geographic and personal names indices on paper. An updated comprehensive guide in Estonian providing descriptions of the record groups of administrative and judicial organs and of institutions for local self-government and justice is to be found in: Arhiivijuht [Archival guide], 1: Riigi-, kohtu- ja omavalitsusasutused, ed. L. Leppik (Tartu, 2003); also available online at: www.eha.ee. A general directory to major holdings: $ % '    *   +    .   % [Central State Historical Archives of the Estonian SSR. Guide] (Moscow, Tartu, 1969). Record creator / provenance According to the law of 1775, the Russian Empire was divided into guberniyas (provinces), the administration of which was uniformly organised. The administrative, scal and judicial functions at the provincial level were assigned to separate organs. Following the provincial reforms under Catherine the Great, the Estonia (Estland) Guberniya Administration (Gouvernementsregierung, #   ;  ) was created in 1783. The Estonian guberniya (Estland) covered roughly the north of presentday Estonia (including the isle of Hiiumaa (Dagö)). At the head of the guberniya administration stood a governor appointed by the Emperor or Empress. Up to 1801 the administration was subordinated to the Senate. Its duties included the supervision of the provincial administration, public order, justice and courts, prisons, and building activities, the accommodation of troops, and the recruitment of soldiers. In the years 1783–1852, the ofce had two subdivisions (Expeditionen), concerned with German and Russian affairs, respectively local matters and communication with higher bodies in Russia. The Guberniya Administration was dissolved in 1917. Publications • •

Amburger, Erik, Behördenorganisation Russlands von Peter dem Grossen bis 1917 (Leiden, 1966).    [A complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire], Vols. I–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830); containing the bulk of decrees and regulations.

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Estland Knighthood Record group Estland Knighthood Eestimaa Rüütelkond Reference code : 854 Period : 1240–1923 Extent : 12035 items Abstract The administrative autonomy granted to the Baltic German nobility meant that many public and communal functions were carried out by the regional knighthood. Therefore, the rich collection of the Estland Knighthood reects the developments in the manifold spheres of life in Estonia over more than six centuries. Besides, the collection includes a large number of collected materials and manuscripts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1571–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Russian

The collection is mostly organised according to the inner structure of the Knighthood. The materials are described in nine inventories, of which two are relevant. Inventory 1 Here are materials of the Diet, Landrat, ofce, treasury and various subcommissions. The contents of almost all sixteenth- to eighteenth-century records listed in this inventory relate to the privileges and rights of the Knighthood. Seaborne trade and shipping are seldom mentioned. There are only two relevant items: •

177: Town privileges of Rakvere (Wesenberg) and Haapsalu (Hapsal) as well as correspondence with these towns from the years, among other issues concerning guarding trade rights, 1623–1704. These documents occasionally mention the trade rivalry between Rakvere and Tallinn

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(Reval), foreign trade passing through remote small ports on the northern coast of Estonia such as Toolse (Tolsburg), etc. 232: Letters and orders of the governor of Estonia (Estland), some of which pertain to trade disputes between the Knighthood and Tallinn, 1661–1677.

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502, 505, 507, 508, 510, 516: Collections of town privileges of Pärnu (Pernau), Haapsalu, Narva, Tallinn, and Kuressaare (Arensburg). Among other matters, privileges allowed towns certain rights concerning commercial activities. 515: Customs regulations (printed) governing customs matters in Tallinn, Narva and Nyen, 1648. 618: Swedish Sea Law, 1667, with later supplements. 641–679: Minutes of the Diet, 1634–1800 (with gaps in the seventeenth century). The seventeenth-century minutes (items 641–648) are stenograms, which are difcult to read. They provide information on grain export agreements between Tallinn and the Knighthood, annual fairs where nobles could trade directly with foreign merchants, and the purchase of goods from the peasants in the countryside (Vorkäuferei). The eighteenth-century minutes (items 649–679) are well preserved and each volume contains a topical index. In these documents one may occasionally come across minutes regarding trade and shipping. Topics covered are: grain export and exchange for salt; purchase of goods in the countryside; the customs border with Russia in Narva and the restrictions on grain exports resulting from that; wood trade; duty-free export of grain to Sweden, etc. 1426: Instructions to envoys sent to Stockholm and royal resolutions, 1633–1651. These resolutions partly pertain to trade issues: granting nobles the right to export grain through other ports than Tallinn (such as Mahu (Maholm) and Toolse), their rivalry with Tallinn merchants, noblemen’s aspirations to trade directly with foreign merchants in Tallinn and their ght against Russian merchants buying up goods from the peasants in the countryside. The same matters continued into the following decades. 2545: Statutes of the Great Guild in Tartu (Dorpat), 1647, 1728. 2548: Trade regulations and customs tariffs in Riga (printed), 1766. There were equal tariff rates in several Livonian towns (Pärnu, Kuressaare, and apparently also Haapsalu).

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2550: Miscellaneous papers, some of which concern trade, 1571–1842. Topics covered include: merchants moving between towns during wars; overview of a Narva-Tallinn trade dispute over salt and herring, 1663; various weights and measures valid in Estonia, Tallinn and Russia, 1712; prices of rye, malt, salt, tobacco, etc. in Tallinn, 1739–1742; letter from the Commerce Collegium in St. Petersburg to the Tallinn Great Guild concerning the town’s trade privileges, undated. 2551: Various ordinances regarding trade and the purchase of goods from peasants in the countryside, 1580–1768. Included are a royal ordinance issued in 1580 valid in the whole Swedish Kingdom, and ordinances from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries applying solely to Estonia. 2552, 2553: Two volumes with various letters, minutes of discussions, royal resolutions, etc., on a grain trade dispute between Tallinn and the Knighthood (both sides relied heavily on historic documents presented), 1597–1678. 2555: Papers concerning grain exports through Tallinn concerning: grain exports to Germany in the 1630s (indicated are amounts but not names of sellers); restrictions on grain trade; total amounts allowed to be exported in order to buy other commodities (salt, etc.), 1632–1728. 2557: Documents regarding the business contacts of Hans von Wangersen, merchant at Tallinn, with his Dutch colleague Claus Oldewage, with three letters regarding Wangersen’s role as a business agent handling affairs for the local nobleman H.H. von Tiesenhausen. 2558: Papers on grain exports, pertaining to export restrictions, customs tariffs, and exports to Finland passing through smaller ports such as Mahu and Toolse (as a famine relief), 1659–1766. 2559: Copies of letters pertaining to the collection of customs duties (licent) in Haapsalu, 1664–1665. 2560: Two letters concerning salt prices in Tallinn, 1667 and undated. 2561: Lists of goods (rye, meat products, etc.), with prices, exported from the island of Muhu (Mohn) to Stockholm, 1674–1675, 1681–1682. 2562: Ordinances and letters concerning vodka and beer trade, 1709– 1779. 2564: Report on a Knighthood-Narva trade dispute over salt, wine and beer, 1755–1759.

Accessibility Nine inventories, partly in German, partly in Estonian, with introductions; also available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais. In addition, there are indexes on topics and on personal and geographic names.

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An updated comprehensive guide providing descriptions of the archives of state administrative and judicial organs, and of institutions for local selfgovernment and justice: Arhiivijuht [Archival Guide], I. Riigi-, kohtu- ja omavalitsusasutused, ed. L. Leppik (Tartu, 2003); also available online at: www.eha.ee. A general directory to major holdings: $ % '    *   +    .   % [Central State Historical Archives of the Estonian SSR. Guide] (oscow, Tartu, 1969). Two royal ordinances concerning the collection of sea tolls, commercial trade and navigation are available at the online database of seventeenthcentury prints at: www.eha.ee/plakatid. Record creator / provenance After the German-led conquest of 1219, Estonia (Estland) largely (the counties of Harju and Viru) fell into the hands of the Danish King. Governing the overseas provinces, however, appeared to be troublesome and in 1346 Denmark sold its possessions to the Teutonic Order, which in turn traded them at a small prot to the Livonian Order. During the Livonian War (1558–1583), Estonia was contested by Poland, Russia and Sweden. The town of Tallinn and the Harju-Viru knighthood (local nobles) accepted Swedish supremacy in 1561 for the following 150 years. In 1584, when the Swedish King granted the vassals in the counties of Järva and Lääne the same feudal privileges their powerful counterparts in Harju-Viru already enjoyed, the Estland Knighthood (Estländische Ritterschaft) was established. In 1721, Swedish Estonia was ceded to Russia by the Treaty of Nystad. Initially, the Tsar could not bring about any changes in the newly-conquered country and accepted the Baltic special order (status provincialis), which was based on the recognition of the Baltic-German nobility’s rights in Estonia and Livonia (Livland). The origins of the Estland Knighthood can be traced back to the thirteenth century when the vassals in the counties of Harju and Viru formed a privileged body of nobles, an institution for regional self-government and justice. Over the centuries, its position became stronger. Subsequent rulers of the country validated the privileges of the Baltic German nobility, which rst and foremost implied that the regional self-government by the Knighthood was maintained. The Knighthood was in charge of issues such as justice, religious affairs, local taxes, agrarian order, police, schools, health, postal services, etc. The highest body inside the Ritterschaft was the Diet, which assembled regularly to discuss local issues and to elect various ofcials as well as members to its permanent executive body known as Landrat (council).

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Besides its administrative functions, the Landrat performed judicial ones. The Council was chaired by a governor in case of judicial matters, otherwise the governor did not intervene. In the province, it was the highest institution of the landed nobility for justice in Estonia. Through these institutions, the Baltic Germans were able to defend their status. Only in the nineteenth century did the Russian emperor gradually reduce the mandate of the Diet. The Estland Knighthood was dissolved in 1920. Publications • •

• • •

• •

Etzold, Gottfried, Seehandel und Kau!eute in Reval nach dem Frieden von Nystad bis zur Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts (Marburg, Lahn, 1975). Krusenstjern, Georg von, and Wilhelm Baron von Wrangell, Die Estländische Ritterschaft, ihre Ritterschaftshauptmänner und Landräte (Limburg/Lahn, 1967). Provinzialrecht der Ostseegouvernements, Vol. 2 (St. Petersburg, 1845). Ritter- und Landrechte des Estländischen Ritterschaft, ed. G. Ewers (1822). Soom, Arnold, Der baltische Getreidehandel im 17. Jahrhundert (Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Handlingar Historiska Serien, 8) (Stockholm, 1961). Soom, Arnold, Der Handel Revals im siebzehnten Jahrhundert (Marburger Ostforschungen, 29) (Wiesbaden 1969). Wedel, Hasso von, Die estländische Ritterschaft vornehmlich zwischen 1710 und 1783: das erste Jahrhundert russischer Herrschaft (Berlin, 1935).

Estland Supreme Land Court Record group Estland Supreme Land Court Eestimaa Ülemmaakohus Reference code : 858 Period : 1492–1889 Extent : 12436 items

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Abstract The record group consists of records of the court’s administrative and scal functions during the tsarist era, some scattered les from the seventeenth century, and a few earlier documents. From the second half of the seventeenth century onward, the court les have been preserved fairly well. Materials include: decrees of the Senate; ordinances and proclamations of the Estonian governor-general and governor; circular letters, orders and regulations (since 1651); minutes of the court proceedings and sessions of the permanent executive body of the Diet up to the mid-seventeenth century; court judgements; wills; correspondence; missives; service lists; court les relating to civil and criminal cases (e.g. bonds, border disputes, inheritance rights, property rights and assessment, rent contracts, murders, ights of serfs, thefts, insults, shipwrecking and looting); complaints; various reports; and sale and purchase contracts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1600–1800 : Estonia, various countries : High German

The materials are described in two inventories: Inventory 1 There are ordinances (Publikaten) of the Estonian governor-general, 1681– 1783 (items 100–129), and ordinances (proclamations) published by the Estonian Guberniya Administration from 1797 to 1816 (items 130–132 up to 1800). A number of Publikaten (or proclamations) pertain to trade and other related issues. Item 141 contains salt regulations from 1775. Minute books of the land court proceedings run from 1492 to 1889 (items 214–320 until 1800, with gaps in 1549–1584). Until the mid-seventeenth century, no distinction was made between the judicial and administrative functions. Therefore, court proceedings as well as discussions about administrative matters of the province by the permanent executive body (land councillors) can be traced in the minute books. Correspondence with the Judicial Collegium in St. Petersburg from 1720 to 1783 concerns among other issues plundering of the cargoes of wrecked ships (items 680–698). Items 716 and 718 contain orders of the Estonian governor-general relating to various issues like the plunder of a Lübeck merchant ship wrecked on the coast of Estonia (Estland), 1772, 1774–1775, etc. The series of court les begins in the rst half of the seventeenth cen-

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tury. Item 6084 is a court le on the looting of the ship Louise Caroline wrecked off the coast of Hiiumaa (Dagö), 1798–1800. Inventory 2 Among the court les sorted in alphabetical order by plaintiff ’s name (in the early twentieth century), a few pertain to claims of Tallinn (primarily), Narva, Hamburg, Riga and Pärnu (Pernau) merchants and trading houses against local landlords and others, relating to unpaid bills, obligations, bills of exchange and matters of bankruptcy. There are also claims for damages for goods (grain, timber, etc.) bought by the merchants but belated or not dispatched by the landlords, for the plundering of wrecked ships by coastal peasants and the hiding of stolen goods, refusal to perform salvage services to the ships stranded or in distress, and court les on unpaid customs duties (licent) and the purchase of goods in the countryside dating from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Accessibility Two inventories, in German, with names of individuals and geographic indices, compiled chiey with the aim to facilitate genealogical and estatehistory investigation. A comprehensive guide to the holdings of the Estonian Historical Archives provides descriptions of the record groups of state administrative and judicial organs, and of institutions for local self-government: Arhiivijuht. [Archival Guide], I: Riigi-, kohtu- ja omavalitsuasutused (Tartu, 2003). It is also accessible at www.eha.ee. A general directory to major holdings is to be found in: $ % '    *   +    .   % [Central State Historical Archives of the Estonian SSR. Guide] (Moscow, Tartu, 1969). Record creator / provenance The supreme land court (Oberlandgericht) was the highest (local) institution of the landed nobility for justice in the province of Estonia (Estland). The origins of the court can be traced back to the early fourteenth century when the body of vassals (Landesrat) of the Danish king in Estonia acquired the jurisdiction over their landholdings. The Estland Knighthood (Estländische Ritterschaft) was created and the Landrat retained judicial functions besides its administrative ones. In the Swedish period (1561–1710) it became a state-run court. It consisted of 12 nobles forming also the permanent executive body (Landrat) of the Diet and the highest representative of the King

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and later of the Tsar (a governor or governor-general) in the province. The German legal system with its own courts was also maintained under the Russian administration, except for a short period of so-called regency in 1783–1796. After the court had resumed its activities in 1797, one could appeal against its judgements to the Russian Senate. The supreme land court had jurisdiction over local courts and all town magistracies in north Estonia (Estland and Narva) except for Tallinn. It dealt with civil and criminal matters of nobles, priests and ofcials, supervised all local courts and laid down the procedure of operation for them, kept land registry, etc. In the nineteenth century, it functioned also as the last resort in matters dealt with by the newly created peasant courts. The supreme land court along with the entire German court and the municipal government system was abolished in 1889. Publications • •

•

Provinzialrecht der Ostseegouvernements, Vol. 1 (St. Petersburg, 1845). Perandi, Adolf, “The Archives of the Supreme Land Court of Estonia till 1710”, in: Riigi Keskarhiiv 1932–1937 ja arhiivinduslikke eriküsimusi (Eesti Riigi Keskarhiivi Toimetised, 5) (Tartu, 1937), pp. 121–137. Perandi, Adolf, Üldmenetlus tsiviilasjus Eestimaa ülemmaakohtus Rootsi ajal [Civil Procedure at the Estland Supreme Land Court in the Swedish period] (Eesti Riigi Keskarhiivi Toimetised, 6) (Tartu, 1938).

Feudal Court of Harjumaa Record group Feudal Court of Harjumaa Harju meeskohus Reference code : 861 Period : 1618–1890 Extent : 4853 items Abstract The records of the feudal court of Harjumaa (Harrien) comprise decrees of the Senate; ordinances and proclamations issued by the Estonian governorgeneral and governor’s ofce; orders of the supreme land court and of the ministry of judicial affairs; regulations; minutes of the court proceedings; missives; correspondence; service lists; court les relating to border disputes,

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debts, trade, thefts, murders, res, etc.; various reports; wackenbücher; and lists of court cases and les. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1743–1773 : Estonia, Germany, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : High German, Russian

A number of court les (items 4456, 4458–4467, 4469–4476 from the years 1743–1773) relate to the wrecking and looting of merchant vessels by (shermen-) peasants on the coast and islands of northwest Estonia. They snitched shiploads of grain, vodka, victuals, etc. Accessibility Inventory, in German; also available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais. Record creator / provenance The feudal court (Manngericht) was the local institution of the landed nobility for justice in the districts of Estonia (Estland ). The court had its beginnings in the thirteenth century. Initially, it dealt with civil cases of free people living in the district. From 1630 onward, it also dealt with criminal cases of peasants and non-nobles and after 1653/1664 partly with the civil cases of noblemen (i.e. border disputes, debts, sale and purchase of immovables as well as movables). From 1636 on, its members (the chairman and two assessors) were elected every three years by the Estland Knighthood (Estländische Ritterschaft). The court decisions had to be afrmed by the Estland Supreme Land Court that was also its appellative court. The feudal court of Harjumaa (Harrisches Manngericht) was dissolved in 1783 but resumed its functions in 1797, to be denitely dissolved in 1889.

Feudal Court of Läänemaa Record group Feudal Court of Läänemaa Lääne meeskohus Reference code : 863 Period : 1634–1890 Extent : 4198 items

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Abstract The records of the feudal court of Läänemaa (Wiek, in west Estonia) comprise decrees of the Senate; ordinances and proclamations issued by the Estonian governor-general and governor’s ofce; orders of the supreme land court and of the ministry of judicial affairs; regulations; minutes of the court proceedings; missives; correspondence; service lists; court les relating to border disputes, debts, trade, thefts, murders, res, etc.; various reports; Wackenbücher; and lists of court cases and les. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1756–1781 : Estonia, Russia : High German

There are two court les relating to shipwreckers. Item 1917 (from 1756) contains documents about wrecking a vessel carrying guns, and item 1918 (from 1781) concerns wrecking a vessel carrying rye and iron. Accessibility Inventory, in German; also available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais. Record creator / provenance The feudal court (Manngericht) was the local institution of the landed nobility for justice in the districts of Estonia (Estland). The court had its beginnings in the thirteenth century. Initially, it dealt with civil cases of free people living in the district. From 1630 onward, it also dealt with criminal cases of peasants and non-nobles and after 1653/1664 partly with the civil cases of noblemen (i.e. border disputes, debts, sale and purchase of immovables as well as movables). From 1636, its members (the chairman and two assessors) were elected every three years by the Estland Knighthood (Estländische Ritterschaft). The court decisions had to be afrmed by the Estland Supreme Land Court that was also its superior court. The feudal court of Läänemaa (Wieksches Manngericht) was dissolved in 1783 but resumed its functions in 1797, to be denitely dissolved in 1889. Related materials Part of the materials of the feudal court of Läänemaa is preserved in the Estonian History Museum in Tallinn (reference code: 221).

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Feudal Court of Viru- and Järvamaa Record group Feudal Court of Viru- and Järvamaa Viru-Järva meeskohus Reference code : 862 Period : 1517–1889 Extent : 12675 items Abstract The records of the feudal court of Viru- and Järvamaa (Wierland and Jerwen) comprise decrees of the Senate; ordinances and proclamations issued by the Estonian governor-general and governor’s ofce; orders of the supreme land court and of the ministry of judicial affairs; regulations; minutes of the court proceedings; missives; correspondence; service lists; court les relating to border disputes, debts, trade, thefts, murders, res, etc.; various reports; Wackenbücher; and lists of court cases and les. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1740–1800 : Estonia, Russia : High German

Two court les (inventory no. 1, item 2779, and inventory no. 2, item 213) relate to shipwrecking on the northern coast of Estonia in 1770–1772. Item 2447 (inventory no. 1) relates to the illegal trade in vodka with Russian peasants and the injuring and murder of border guards (Licent-Wachsoldaten) in 1740. Item 2691 (inventory no. 1) includes documents concerning illicit trade dating from the years 1758–1886. Item 152 (inventory no. 2) relates to a claim between a manor owner and a merchant. Accessibility Two inventories, in German, with a subject index; also available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais.

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Record creator / provenance The feudal court (Manngericht) was the local institution of the landed nobility for justice in the districts of Estonia (Estland ). The court had its beginnings in the thirteenth century. Initially, it dealt with civil cases of free people living in the district. From 1630 onward, it also dealt with criminal cases of peasants and non-nobles and after 1653/1664 partly with the civil cases of noblemen (i.e border disputes, debts, sale and purchase of immovables as well as movables). From 1636 on, its members (the chairman and two assessors) were elected every three years by the Estland Knighthood (Estländische Ritterschaft). The court decisions had to be afrmed by the Estland Supreme Land Court that was also its superior court. The feudal court of Virumaa and Järvamaa (Wier-Jerwsches Manngericht) was dissolved in 1783 but resumed its functions in 1797, to be denitely dissolved in 1889. Related materials Part of the materials of the feudal court of Viru- and Järvamaa is preserved in the Estonian History Museum in Tallinn (reference code: 222).

Governor-General of Ingria and Kexholm in Narva Record group Governor-General of Ingria and Kexholm in Narva Ingerimaa ja Käkisalmi kindralkuberner Narvas Reference code : 632 Period : 1607–1702 Extent : 31 items Abstract Among other papers, the records of the Swedish Governor-General of Ingria and Käkisalmi (Kexholm) include royal rescripts and circular letters, protocols of judicial proceedings at various local courts, les on scal, economic and military affairs and administrative matters of the province, correspondence and nancial records. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1626–1699 : Estonia, Russia, Sweden, various countries : High German, Swedish

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Among various scattered les with miscellaneous documents of an economic and legal nature, the following items are relevant: •

• • • •

2: Copies of orders issued by the Swedish King and several high bodies, some of which pertain to the state’s grain exports passing through the ports of Narva and Nyen (a rather signicant part of that grain was produced in the manors belonging to Tartu University), 1626–1635. 3: Orders of the Swedish King and the Commerce Collegium concerning the grain export from Ingria, 1699. 16: Protocol of the Ivangorod town court casting light on the town’s commercial rivalry with Narva, problems of local merchants, etc., 1644. 24: Minute book of Nyen town council, 1648. 28: Papers concerning the inspection of the Tartu University’s manors in Ingria, providing data on the export of grain produced there and sold through Narva, 1653–1655.

Accessibility Inventory, partly in Estonian, partly in German. An updated comprehensive guide providing descriptions of the state administrative and judicial organs, and of institutions for local self-government and justice is: Arhiivijuht [Archival Guide], Vol. I: Riigi-, kohtu- ja omavalitsusasutused, ed. L. Leppik (Tartu, 2003), also available at: www. eha.ee. A general directory of the major holdings of the archives is: $ % '    *   +    .   % [Central State Historical Archives of the Estonian SSR. Guide] (Moscow, Tartu, 1969). Record creator / provenance The Governor-General was the representative of the Swedish monarch in the province of Ingria (more or less covering the areas west and north of Lake Ladoga northeast of St. Petersburg). The general government of this province, with its centre at Narva, was established in 1617. In 1629 it was united with Livonia (Livland), but in 1642 Ingria was already separated from the province of Livonia. Between 1642 and 1651, the Governor resided in Nyen (modern-day St. Petersburg), thereafter in Narva. The Governor-General was appointed by the Swedish monarch and his duties were regulated by special instructions from the ruler. The main reason why Ingria was separated from the province of Livonia was the difference between Riga’s and Narva’s position in trade. Ingria’s rivers, belonging to a unied system with Russian inland waterways, gave the province a special status in Sweden’s

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national economic policy, which was aimed at restoring Russian trade to the Baltic Sea in the second half of the seventeenth century. The Governor-General, the highest local executive ofcial and military authority, was in charge of the internal order of the border province and had to take care of its overall security as well. He was responsible for the proper working of the administrative organisation of the government. He ran day-to-day affairs of the province, appointed and dismissed higher ofcials, oversaw tax collection and administered schools and religious affairs. He was responsible for improving trade, local road and bridge conditions as well as the postal service system. He was in charge of recruiting troops and maintaining the garrisons and fortications. He also had to keep an eye on military and political developments in bordering areas. Besides, he supervised the courts. The ofce was abolished after the province of Ingria was united with Russia in 1703–1704. Publications • • •

Öhlander, Carl, Bidrag till kännedom om Ingermanlands historia och förvaltning, Vol. 1 (1617–1645) (Uppsala, 1898). Soom, Arnold, “De ingermanländska städerna och freden i Stolbova 1617”, in: Svio-Estonica (Tartu, 1936), pp. 34–45. Soom, Arnold, “Linnade võitlus maakaubanduse vastu Eestis ja Ingerimaal XVII sajandi esimesel poolel [The ght of the towns against trade in the countryside in Estonia and Ingria in the rst half of the 17th century]”, in: Ajalooline Ajakiri, 2 (1937), pp. 57–72.

Governor-General of Riga Record group Governor-General of Riga Riia kindralkuberner Reference code : 279 Period : 1700–1787 Extent : 791 items Abstract The record group consists of: series of decrees, ordinances and orders; correspondence and subject les on various topics; a capitulation act of

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Riga and a copy of the Nystad peace treaty’s ratication; and the Code of Assembly from 1649, passed by the Tsar Alexei. These materials reect the developments in the manifold spheres of life in the Livonian (Livland) Guberniya (province) under Russian rule. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1710–1787 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Russian

According to the former Swedish system, the Ofce of the Governor-General of Riga consisted of two administrative subdivisions (Expeditionen), each headed by a secretary. One dealt with German (local) matters; the other managed Russian affairs (i.e. communication with higher bodies in Russia). The materials are mostly organised by this inner structure of the Ofce and within this structure are arranged chronologically. Only a few single series have been fully preserved (the minutes have for instance been completely damaged). RUSSIAN OFFICE • • •

• •

• •

1–20: Copies of outgoing letters and reports addressed to the Empress, 1762–1782. 21, 22, 24: Tables of contents of the Emperor’s decrees, with an index. 23: Chronological index of the decrees issued by Empress Catherine the Great, well-compiled with topics including grain trade, handling of Swedish ships in Baltic ports, customs tariffs and merchants, 1762–1792. 60: Customs tariffs (printed) on imported and exported goods in Russia (with different rates at sea ports and land borders), 1757. 63: Customs tariffs (handwritten) from 1781, also including earlier tariffs introduced in the Baltic provinces with explanations of tariff changes written by the Commerce Commission. 64: Unied customs tariffs (printed) in the Russian Empire, 1782. 67: Various papers (reports, etc.) relating to trade regulations in Riga (in 1763 a state commission was created to renew trade regulations in the major export port of the Empire; the new regulations, which were signed by Catherine the Great on 7 December 1765, abolished several

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former trade restrictions in the town, promoted trade (especially in grain) with Polish regions, and introduced a unied 6 per cent tariff rate on goods). 83–150: Large collection (with relatively few gaps) of original letters and rescripts of Russian Emperors, together with reports of local higher ofcials and other documents; volumes usually containing chronological indexes (trade issues became relatively more important during the reign of Catherine the Great, 1762–1796). 151–255: Decrees of the Senate, 1713–1783 (from 1727 on with monthly chronological directories in each volume).

The subject les below begin only in the year 1762 (except for one earlier item). • • • • •

• • • • •

• • •

268: Papers of the commission on Riga’s trade, 1762. 278: Papers concerning the levying of customs duties, 1765–1768. 279: Papers concerning the building of a harbour storehouse (Packhaus) in Riga for foreign goods, 1766–1768. 284: Papers relating to a complaint of two Russian merchants about the trading of iron at the port of Riga, 1766–1768. 286: Papers concerning the grain trade with Sweden, 1767–1773 (after the Great Northern War, Sweden had acquired the right (practised until 1770) to duty-free export of grain, hemp, ax and masts from Baltic ports). 287: Papers concerning grain exports from Baltic ports to St. Petersburg, 1767. 288: Papers concerning the levying of customs duties on goods imported to Russia, 1767–1772. 296: Contract between Riga and Courland (Kurland) (part of the Polish Kingdom) concerning the export of raw materials, 1769. 300: Papers concerning the prohibition of entry to Russian harbours imposed on a Dutch vessel out of fear of plague, 1771. 307: Papers concerning forest sale and purchase transactions of merchants at Riga with inhabitants of Mogiliov and Polotsk (inner Russia), 1773. 317: Papers concerning the purchase of rye in Riga, 1774. 319: Papers concerning the purchase of rye in Livonia (Livand) for supplying St. Petersburg, 1774–1775. 341: Papers concerning the prohibition of entry to Russian harbours imposed on a Swedish frigate without quarantine certicate, 1778.

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356: Report concerning ten-years’ customs revenues of towns in Livonia, 1781. 362: Report concerning revenues and expenditures of the Livonia Guberniya (province), 1782. 369: Papers concerning the establishment of land-border custom stations, 1782. 379: Papers concerning the levying of customs taxes on exported goods, and on building houses for examiners, 1782. 380: Papers concerning import and export at Riga, 1782–1783. 390, 392: Papers concerning the abolishment of inland duties, 1783. 395: Papers concerning the assignation of customs revenues to the town treasury in Livonia, 1783. 396: Papers concerning restrictions on the export of Livonian vodka, beer and honey to other Russian provinces, 1783. 406a: Trade and boundary treaty between Riga and Courland, 1783.

SECRET OFFICE • • •

429–433: Secret decrees of the Senate, with registers and indexes, 1757– 1782. 434: File relating to the rights of foreign Jews to trade in Riga, 1764– 1765. 444, 445: Files concerning shipwrecks on the Daugava (Düna) River and off the west and north-west coast of Estonia, 1766.

GERMAN OFFICE • • • •

•

481–562: Missives (complete series), occasionally relating to trade and related issues, 1720–1783. 563, 564: Registers of published ordinances and announcements in Livonia, arranged alphabetically by the originator’s name per year, 1719–1780. 565: Alphabetical register of published ordinances, sorted by topic, 1766–1774. 566–582: Chronological registers of petitions (partly concerning trade and shipping) addressed to the ofce and resolutions (arranged per year alphabetically either by the petitioner’s name or residence) of the Governor-General, with summaries, 1712–1783. 583–587: Ordinances published in Livonia, 1710–1784 (as the duties of the Governor-General’s Ofce included translating and publishing in the province the decrees and by-laws issued by the Emperor and various high

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bodies and ofcials, this series documents the legal dimension of trade fairly well; it should be kept in mind that after the annexation to the Russian Empire, the provincial autonomy of the Baltics in trade matters largely survived: there were different customs tariffs, a customs border between the Guberniyas of Estonia and Livonia and Russia proper, and various foreign currencies (such as Albertustaler), etc.). 588: Translations of Senate decrees, with index, 1783–1784.

SUBJECT FILES •

• •

• •

616: Papers pertaining to xing the custom tariffs on goods necessary for shipbuilding delivered to a merchant at Riga, also including decrees of Swedish and Russian sovereigns to promote shipbuilding in Riga, 1767. 626: Papers relating to the conrmation of the privileges of the Pärnu (Pernau) town council, 1710–1711, 1767. 651: Loose letters concerning trade matters such as: prices of stone, wood and iron products; the export of duty-free grain, masts, ax and hemp from Kuressaare (Arensburg) to Sweden; brokers in Pärnu; and the vodka trade in Tartu (Dorpat), 1735–1766 (with gaps). 728: Papers relating to a complaint of the merchant Georg Schmidt at Kuressaare regarding grain exports to Sweden, 1756–1758. 747: Papers concerning trading rights in Kuressaare and the debts of noblemen and peasants to the merchants in Kuressaare for purchased goods, 1765.

Accessibility Inventory, in Russian, with introduction and index to topical, personal and geographic names; also available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais (forthcoming). Chronologisches Verzeichnis der Livländischen Gouvernements-Regierungs-Patente von 1710 bis 1822 (Riga, 1823). Eckardt, Friedrich v., Inhalt der in der rigischen Statthalterschaft emanirten gedruckten Patente, von 1710 bis Ende 1788 (Riga, 1789). An updated comprehensive guide in Estonian providing descriptions of the record groups of administrative and judicial organs and of institutions for local self-government and justice is to be found in: Arhiivijuht [Archival guide], Vol. 1: Riigi-, kohtu- ja omavalitsusasutused, ed. L. Leppik (Tartu, 2003); also available online at: www.eha.ee (in the database “Fondiloend”). A general directory to major holdings: $ % '    *   +    .   % [Central State Historical Archives of the Estonian SSR. Guide] (Moscow, Tartu, 1969).

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Record creator / provenance During the Great Northern War, Russia conquered the territories of the Swedish Baltic provinces of Ingria, Estonia (Estland) and Livonia (Livland). In the years 1708–1775, the province of Riga merged with the neighbouring Smolensk Guberniya (province). In 1775 an independent Riga Guberniya was established and the corresponding archival material and current registers were transferred to the new Gubernyia administration. The Tartu (Dorpat) district was integrated into the Riga Guberniya only in 1722. The island of Saaremaa (Ösel) was part of the Guberniya until 1731, when it became a separate province. However, it remained largely subordinated to the Governor-General and his ofce in Riga. The Riga Governors-General (1710–1783) were the representatives of the Russian Emperor in the province of Livonia (roughly covering modern-day south Estonia and north Latvia). They were appointed by the Emperor and were subject to the latter as well as to the Senate. Their duties were regulated by special instructions from central authorities. The Governor-General, the highest local executive ofcial and military authority, was in charge of the internal order and security in the border province. He was in charge of the accommodation of troops and supervised the garrisons and fortications. He also appointed and dismissed higher ofcials. Initially, the Governor-General chaired the restitution commission (which checked ownership rights of the local nobility on landed estates). The Governor-General and his ofce were responsible for the orderly working of the administrative organisation of the government. The ofce ran dayto-day affairs of the province, issued passports, supervised tax collection and was in charge of the maintenance of land roads and bridges, while the Governor-General also supervised the judicial courts. The ofce was abolished in 1783. Custodial history The records of the Guberniya (province) of Livonia were initially stored in Riga. In 1914, part of the records was evacuated to Tartu and Riazan. As a result, the les are nowadays split between the Estonian Historical Archives and Latvian State Historical Archives. The records of the Governor-General of Riga were arranged in Tartu. The leather-bound volumes that could not be taken apart and divided, as well as the material only relating to Estonia, are now preserved in Tartu. The other materials have been transferred to Latvia.

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Copies The majority of the les have been microlmed. Related materials •

Latvia State Historical Archives (Riga): Governor-General of Riga’s Ofce (reference code: 2715).

Publications • •

•

Amburger, Erik, Behördenorganisation Russlands von Peter dem Grossen bis 1917 (Leiden, 1966). Herman, M., “The Archives of the Governor-General of Riga’s Ofce”, in: Eesti Riigi Keskarhiivi Toimetised, Vol. 5, Riigi Keskarhiiv ja arhiivinduslikke eriküsimusi (Tartu, 1937), pp. 165–180.    [A complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire], Vols. I–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830); containing the bulk of decrees and regulations.

Governor-General of Tallinn Record group Governor-General of Tallinn Tallinna kindralkuberner Reference code :3 Period : 1698–1811 Extent : 794 items Abstract The record group comprises: decrees, ordinances and orders; registers of decrees and resolutions; minute books; a war declaration; various reports, e.g. of county police forces (Hakengericht); correspondence and subject les on various topics; lists of issued passports and inhabitants who had taken the oath of loyalty; minute books and les; petitions (Suppliken); resolutions and orders of the Judicial Collegium; wills, certicates and warranties; court les relating to claims of payment, property rights of landlords, heritages, violations of rights and privileges, freeing individual serfs, etc.; and various registers. Besides that, there are materials of different commissions (of restitution, revision, etc.), the latter including bulky

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les on land taxation (Hakenrevision) from the years 1726, 1732, 1739, 1744, 1750, 1765 and 1774. The rich materials of this record group reect the developments in the manifold spheres of life in the Tallinn Guberniya (province) under Russian rule. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1711–1783 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Russian

Relevant items include the following: • • •

• •

• •

•

•

1–100: Minute books (thick volumes mainly with drafts), 1711–1783. 109–110: Registers of petitions sorted alphabetically by petitioner per year, containing names, dates and occasionally issue, 1710–1783. 113–187a: Senate decrees (originals and copies), unindexed, 1701–1783; item 164 contains also some ordinances of the Governor-General from 1793. 192c: Ordinance of the Swedish King regulating the handling of merchant and other ships during the war with Russia, 1741. 206: Drafts of letters and memorandums addressed to the Commerce Collegium in St. Petersburg (pertaining to tariffs; grain, tar and buckskin leather trade; customs ofces; commodity prices; rights of Russian merchants in Tallinn (Reval); trade restrictions on foreign goods; shipwrecks off the coast of Estonia; foreign merchants, etc.), 1719–1743. 226: Ofcial letters from the Governor-General of Riga, concerning various topics including customs tariffs, 1782–1783. 229–235: Ofcial letters from the Tallinn town council (in seven thick volumes), containing a small number of letters and protests (Remonstrationen) addressed to the Emperor, relating to various topics such as trade (in vodka, paper, etc.), Russian merchants, customs tariffs, town privileges, the rights of noblemen to trade directly with foreign merchants, and the purchase of goods in the countryside (Vorkäuferei), 1710–1783. 382–389, 391–417, 419–424: Printed decrees of the Emperor pertaining to various issues, such as customs administration and trade, 1714–1781 (from 1763 each volume includes a chronological directory of decrees). 427, 429: Regulations for merchant ships in Russia (dealing with ship building; rights of ship owners, brokers, skippers and other members of

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the crew; ship loading; insurance; convoying; and rescuing crews and cargo from ships in distress at sea), 1781 (in German and Russian). 430–444: Published ordinances (Publikaten) arranged chronologically, with each volume usually containing handwritten tables of content, 1715–1782; as the duties of the Governor-General’s Ofce included translating and publishing the decrees and by-laws issued by the Emperor and various higher bodies and ofcials, this series documents the legal dimension of trade fairly well (it should be kept in mind that after the annexation to the Russian Empire, the provincial autonomy of the Baltics in trade matters largely survived). 508: File on the customs house in Tallinn, containing decrees, letters and other papers about trade, customs tariffs, etc., 1727–1729. 646: Litigation of the Tallinn town council against the Haapsalu (Hapsal) town council concerning the right to collect customs and excise dues on goods (mainly Dutch) imported via Haapsalu port and carried over land to Tallinn merchants, 1778–1780.

Accessibility Inventory, in German, with an introduction in Russian; also available at: ais.ra.ee/ais. An updated comprehensive guide in Estonian providing descriptions of the record groups of the administrative and judicial organs and of institutions for local self-government and justice is to be found in: Arhiivijuht [Archival Guide], 1: Riigi-, kohtu- ja omavalitsusasutused, ed. L. Leppik (Tartu, 2003); also available online at: www.eha.ee (in the database “Fondiloend”). A general directory to major holdings: $ % '    *   +    .   % [Central State Historical Archives of the Estonian SSR. Guide] (Moscow, Tartu, 1969). Record creator / provenance The Governor-General was the representative of the Russian Emperor in the province of Estonia (modern-day north Estonia excluding Narva) and was appointed by him. He was subject to the Emperor as well as to the Senate. Being the highest local executive ofcial and military authority, he was in charge of the internal order in the border province and had to provide for its overall security. He was in charge of the accommodation of troops, had to keep an eye on the garrisons and fortications, and appointed and dismissed higher ofcials. Initially, the Governor-General also chaired the restitution commission (which checked ownership rights of the local nobility on landed estates). Together with his chancellery (ofce), he was

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responsible for the orderly working of the administrative organisation of the government. The ofce ran day-to-day affairs of the province, issued passports, was in charge of the tax collection and of the maintenance of land roads and bridges, while the Governor-General also supervised the judicial courts. The ofce was abolished in 1783. Copies The bulk of the materials can be consulted on microlm. Publications • •

Amburger, Erik, Behördenorganisation Russlands von Peter dem Grossen bis 1917 (Leiden, 1966).    [A complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire], Vols. I–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830); containing the bulk of decrees and regulations relating to the functions of the governorgeneral.

Haapsalu Town Council Record group Haapsalu Town Council Haapsalu magistraat Reference code : 992 Period : 1591–1889 Extent : 2441 items Abstract The records of the town council comprise copies of town privileges, various statutes and resolutions, decrees, ordinances and circular letters of higher authorities, minutes of the town council, reports, lists of town dwellers and real estate holdings, court les, correspondence, various contracts, les concerning various general issues, registers, missives, and minutes of Haapsalu castle court proceedings. There are also documents of the sub-commissions of the town council (treasurer and accommodation commissions), town magistrates (Stadtvogt), and the orphan court.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1591–1800 : Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, High German, Russian, Swedish

The record group includes the following relevant items: •

• •

•

1–3: Privileges from 1594 to the 1800s (mostly copies from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries), which contain some information on trade. 5: Includes Haapsalu weighing orders from the years 1777–1790. 11–12: Several ordinances of higher authorities from the years 1595–1624, 1768–1803, relating to foreign trade, trade relations with Riga and Saaremaa (Ösel), and trade competition with Tallinn (Reval). 103, 2386–2408: Including excerpts from minute books of the town council from 1633–1820; these records also concern trade relations, navigation and other related issues; item 103 also contains an excerpt from the Haapsalu customs journal (Portoriumbuch) from 1684 among other papers.

Minutes of the town council cover the period 1591–1877 (with gaps, items 103a–131, 1726–1727 and 2346–2384 date from the 1700s). In these records one may occasionally come across minutes concerning trade issues (mostly Tallinn-Haapsalu trade rivalry). They contain lists of burghers too. Information on overseas trade can also be found in the council’s correspondence from the years 1643–1889 (items 498–538 date from before 1800), court les from the period 1692–1889, and missives from the years 1784–1889. Correspondence les contain letters from the supreme land court, governorgeneral, governor’s ofce, and other agencies with respect to town privileges, legal issues and trade matters. • • • •

284: Provides data on grain prices in Haapsalu in 1797. 1198: Includes protests concerning sea navigation in Haapsalu, 1718– 1777. 2328, 2409: Containing lists of Haapsalu dwellers in 1779 and 1792 respectively. 2329: Excerpt from the Haapsalu burgher book (Bürgerbuch), 1786.

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Accessibility Inventory, in German. Arhiivijuht [Archival Guide], I. Riigi-, kohtu- ja omavalitsusasutused, ed. L. Leppik (Tartu, 2003). This publication is an updated comprehensive guide in Estonian providing descriptions of the record groups of the administrative and judicial organs, and of the institutions for local self-governments. It will also be made accessible at: www.eha.ee. $ % '    *   +    .   % [Central State Historical Archives of the Estonian SSR. Guide] (scow, Tartu, 1969). This is a general directory to the major holdings. A.-B. Labi, “Magistraatide dokumentaalmaterjalid Eesti NSV Riiklikus Ajaloo Keskarhiivis [Documentary materials of town magistracies in the Central State Historical Archives of the Estonian SSR]”, in: Eesti NSV arhiivid. Valimik fondiülevaateid (Tallinn, 1981). Record creator / provenance Haapsalu (Hapsal) acquired town rights from Bishop Hermann of Ösel-Wiek in 1279. During the Livonian war (1558–1583) the town fell into the hands of the Swedes who replaced the old town laws with Tallinn town laws. These remained in force, albeit in a largely modied form (with an interim in 1786–1797), until 1877. After the Great Northern War (1700–1710) the town was, along with the whole province of Estonia (Estland), annexed by Russia. The town council, the supreme governing body in the town, exercised executive, administrative and judicial functions. It appointed and dismissed city ofcials; granted citizenship; approved the charters (rules) of guilds; regulated prices, trade and commerce; administered judicial, religious and educational affairs; supervised lower courts, town properties and schools; and was in charge of collecting taxes and accommodating troops. The town council as a governing body ceased to exist in 1878 and as a judicial organ it was dissolved in 1889. Haapsalu was a small seaside port on the west coast of modern-day Estonia (600 dwellers in 1692). The town council did not always function and at times there was no mayor (Bürgermeister) in the town. Haapsalu exported grain and lime to Stockholm, Riga and other ports in the region, and imported salt and grocery products. Local merchants depended on the grain trade and developed close (business) contacts with manors.

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Publications • •

•

Haapsalu kodanikeraamat. Hapsaler Bürgerbuch (1496–1797), ed. Kalev Jaago (Tartu, 1999). Kivimäe, Jüri, “Iuravit iuxta forman prescriptam. Zur Rechtslage der Kleinstädte des Bistums Ösel-Wiek am Ausgang des Mittelalters”, in: Festschrift für Vello Helk zum 75. Geburtstag. Beiträge zur Verwaltungs-, Kirchen- und Bildungsgeschichte des Ostseeraumes (Tartu, 1998), pp. 119–136. Provinzialrecht der Ostseegouvernements, Vol. 2 (St. Petersburg, 1845).

Jacke Family Record group Jacke Family Perekond Jacke Reference code Period Extent

: 3651 : 1708–1784 : 135 items

Abstract The record group chiey consists of correspondence of family members with manor holders, merchants, skippers and rms in Estonia and abroad, and bookkeeping documents. Besides that, there are a few biographic documents and les relating to the management of the Kastna Manor, peasant dues and the escape of serfs. Both the correspondence and the business records of the Jackes provide information on business contacts (type, amount, price and geographic range). They chiey exported ax, ax seeds, grain and timber to central and western Europe and imported various grocery products. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1708–1784 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, French, High German, Russian

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Of interest are four sections of the record group, all consisting of documents pertaining to individual family members. JOHANN HINRICH (OR HEINRICH) JACKE This section chiey consists of letters received. There are very few drafts or copies of letters sent. • •

• • • • • • • •

3–5: Containing personal and business correspondence with his sons Caspar Johann and Carus, 1741–1755. 7–32: Containing incoming letters from manor holders, merchants and business partners abroad, pertaining to transport costs, customs taxes and trade (in grain, wine, spices, tobacco, hemp, hops, ax seeds, malt, logs, textiles, paper, fruits, rice, planks, salt, buckskin, herring, etc.), 1722–1756; the correspondence (arranged geographically and chronologically) with business partners in the Baltic region and beyond document the whole range of business activities of the Jackes, whose business contacts covered the whole of Estonia (except for Virumaa (Wierland)), Riga, Lübeck, London and several French towns. 33: Including drafts of three letters, 1733, 1741, 1750. 34: Copybook of letters sent, 1750–1752. 36: Sale and purchase contract concerning a sailing boat, 1748. 37: Account book, 1723–1725. 39–40: Ledgers (Reskontros), 1730–1760. 41: Account book on the export of forest products, 1748–1749. 42, 44: Debts books, 1725–1742. 45–46, 48–53: Cash documents, 1712–1758.

CASPAR JOHANN JACKE • • •

•

54–58: Letters from relatives (father and brothers) concerning private and business matters, 1741–1761. 59: Letters from skippers, pertaining to shipping goods, accidents, wages, the conditions of ships, etc., 1757–1759. 60–64: Incoming letters from merchants and rms in Riga, relating to various topics such as bank operations, sale and purchase, prices and transport of various goods, and shipping, 1747–1765. 65–74: Incoming letters from merchants and manor holders in Estonia and Livonia, pertaining to trade and transport of salt, grain, herring, timber, tobacco, vodka, ax and hemp, 1741–1764.

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75–83: Incoming letters from merchants in Narva, St. Petersburg, Helsinki, London, Copenhagen, Germany (Lübeck), the Netherlands and France, 1744–1768. 84: Missives, 1743–1745. 85: Drafts of letters sent, 1744–1763. 86: Warranties, contracts (freight, sale and purchase, etc.) and obligations, 1745–1760. 87: Balance, 1745. 88: General ledger, 1739–1740. 89–91: Memorials, 1741–1742, 1747. 92–93: Journals, 1741, 1747. 94: Fragment of an account book, 1761. 95: Account book, 1757–1768. 96: Bills of exchange and miscellaneous cash documents, 1741–1768. 97: Data on weighing taxes paid, 1755–1765. 98–105: Cash documents, 1741–1769.

CARUS JACKE • • • • • •

108: Two letters to merchants, obligations and invoices, 1747–1769. 109: Obligations, 1753–1758. 110: Letters from father and brothers, 1754–1757. 111–118: Letters from manor owners and merchants in Estonia, Russia, Germany and Sweden, 1749–1769. 119: General ledger, 1749–1755. 120–123: Cash documents, 1744–1769.

MARTIN JOHANN NEUMANN • • • • •

124: Letter of a journeyman, 1708. 132: Letters from local merchants and manor owners, 1724–1734. 133: Letters from Lübeck merchants, 1726–1733. 134: Cash documents, 1723–1735. 135: Debts book, giving names (mostly manor owners and bailiffs, also a merchant in St. Petersburg), sums and goods, 1734–1742.

Accessibility Inventory (in Estonian); also available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais. A database called “Register of personal names appearing in the inventories of personal and estate fonds of the Estonian Historical Archives” is available at: www.eha.ee.

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Record creator / provenance Johann H(e)inrich Jacke (1686–1755), a saddler and merchant in Pärnu (Pernau), was born in Helmsdorf (Mansfeld). During the Great Northern War, he settled in Pärnu and acquired burgher rights in 1710. His business ourished in the pest-devastated town and he acquired considerable wealth. As a self-made man he was only admitted to the Great Guild after several attempts. He is the founding father of the well-known merchant family Jacke in Pärnu. His eldest son, Jacob Jacke (1712–1780), founded a trading house in Pärnu in 1734 and was the successor of his father’s business. The trading house Jacob Jacke & Co quickly developed into a ourishing company. Despite the changes in associates, it retained the name of Jacob Jacke. Caspar Johann Jacke, a brother of Jacob, returned after his shopman-years in Lübeck to Pärnu where he was a merchant and banker. Carus Jacke (1728–1770), another brother of Jacob, decided to stay in Amsterdam after his shopman-years in a contor there, and became a merchant in both Amsterdam and Pärnu. Of Jacob’s brothers, Johann Hinrich, who rented the Kastna Manor near Pärnu (it belonged to the town) was the only one to outlive him but he died childless. The son-in-law of Johann Hinrich Jacke Senior, Martin Johann Neumann (d. 1734), was also a merchant at Pärnu. Related materials •

Trading House Jacob Jacke & Co in Pärnu (reference code no.: 3339).

Kuressaare Customs Station Record group Kuressaare Customs Station Kuressaare tollipunkt Reference code : 551 Period : 1751–1917 Extent : 1991 items Abstract The record group consists of decrees, orders and circular letters of various higher bodies; minutes; correspondence; price lists; customs tariffs; registers of conscated goods; various certicates; personal les and service lists of

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customs ofcials; missives; registers of incoming and outgoing documents, and alphabetical registers of incoming and outgoing vessels; reports; and bookkeeping documents. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1751–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Russian

The materials are described in two inventories, the first of which is relevant: Inventory 1 Information on the principles followed by the Russian customs administration is to be found in: the decrees of the Commerce Collegium, 1751–1811 (items 1–51 date from before 1800); minutes of the sessions, 1797–1860 (items 479–482 from before 1800); and ofcial correspondence (sorted by year and topic). Besides, there are monthly reports on receipts and expenses of the Customs Station, 1768, 1770–1783 (items 544b–544c), and a register of outgoing ships, 1765, 1893–1915 (item 1293a). Accessibility Two inventories, in Russian. An updated comprehensive guide in Estonian providing descriptions of the record groups of administrative and judicial organs and of institutions for local self-government and justice is to be found in: Arhiivijuht [Archival guide], 1: Riigi-, kohtu- ja omavalitsusasutused, ed. L. Leppik (Tartu, 2003); also available online at: www.eha.ee (in the database “Fondiloend”). A general directory to major holdings: $ % '    *   +    .   % [Central State Historical Archives of the Estonian SSR. Guide] (Moscow, Tartu, 1969). Record creator / provenance Kuressaare (Arensburg) was a small port town on the comparatively remote island of Saaremaa (Ösel) off the west coast of Estonia. In the seventeenth century, a customs collector was appointed here, later to be replaced by an actual customs station (Zollamt). Customs collectors were state ofcials in

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port towns who had the duty to inspect all ships in the roadsteads and in the dock and collect the customs dues. In the eighteenth century local customs ofces, headed by a customs collector (Licent verwalter) and assisted by examiners, copyists, cashiers, etc., were subordinated to the Commerce Collegium in St. Petersburg. In 1782 customs stations operating at the land boundaries were also established, with border riders and examiners (GrenzZoll-Aufseher). In 1811, new customs districts were created and the system of customs houses reorganised. In 1913 the customs ofce in Kuressaare was changed into a customs station (zastava). Licent was a customs duty paid on all goods imported and exported by sea, a certain percentage of the cargo’s value. Additional customs duties on goods shipped by sea were called Zulagen. The Portorium was a port duty. Licent and portorium were introduced when Kuressaare came into the hands of the Swedes in 1645. Licent was debited to the state treasurer, part of the portorium to the town treasury. It is important to note that after the annexation by the Russian Empire in 1710, the provincial autonomy of the Baltic territories (known as der baltische Landesstaat) largely survived in trade matters too: there were different (generally lower) customs tariffs, a customs border between the Baltics and Russia proper, various foreign currencies besides rubles (such as Albertustaler), etc. Sweden was eligible to export duty-free grain, hemp, ax and masts from the Baltic ports until 1770. In the eighteenth century, customs and excise revenues made up the majority of state revenues in the Baltic provinces. In 1782 lower local tariffs were replaced with unied tariffs of Russia. The Kuressaare customs station was closed in 1917. Publications •

   [A complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire], Vols. I–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830); containing the bulk of decrees and regulations.

Kuressaare Great Guild Record group Kuressaare Great Guild Kuressaare Suurgild Reference code : 5236 Period : 1647–1917 Extent : 25 items

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Abstract This small record group comprises statutes, minutes, correspondence and bookkeeping. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1647–1800 : Estonia, various countries : High German

The following items are relevant: • • • • •

1–2: Copies of statutes (charters) of the Kuressaare Great Guild, 1647, 1673. 3: Excerpts from the minutes of the Kuressaare town council relating to the Great Guild, 1714–1771. 5–6: Minutes, 1772, 1796–1857. 10: Various documents relating to trade (e.g. including salt and grain exchange rates), 1700–1832. 11: Incoming letters, 1705–1838, including a warranty of the Great Guild to buy Spanish salt for grain, 1705.

Accessibility Inventory in German, with an introduction in Estonian; also available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais. Record creator / provenance The Great Guild of Kuressaare (Arensburg) was a privileged association composed primarily of merchants and set up to preserve the rights and privileges of its members. Its purposes and functions overlapped with those of the municipal government resulting in a close connection between the great guild and the town authorities. It was subject to the control of the town council until 1876, and afterwards to the town government. It exercised economic and political power through electing its members to commissions and through its representatives in the town council. The guild also performed public services and provided social welfare for its members. The Great Guild of Kuressaare was created in the seventeenth century. Its dominant position in the local government and trade dwindled after the town magistracy was abolished in the 1870s. It nonetheless continued to perform its functions until 1920 (except for a short interim in 1788–1802 when it was closed).

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Kuressaare Town Council Record group Kuressaare Town Council Kuressaare magistraat Reference code : 1005 Period : 1631–1923 Extent : 3356 items Abstract The materials of the town council consist of copies of town privileges; decrees, ordinances and circular letters of rulers and high authorities; minutes of the town council; reports, various lists (of inhabitants, real estate holdings, etc.) and contracts; court les; correspondence; subject les on various topics such as trade, crafts, navigation, administrative matters, garrisons, etc.; missives; and registers; among other papers. There are also documents of the sub-commissions of the town council (treasurer and accommodation commissions). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1631–1800 : Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : High German, Russian, Swedish

The materials are described in two inventories. Inventory 1 • •

1–1a: Copies and excerpts from town privileges, among other matters regulating foreign trade relations of the town, 1563–1742. 15a–21: Including ordinances and resolutions of rulers and high authorities: * 15a: Copies of ordinances and resolutions of Danish and Swedish rulers and high ofcials relating to the trade relations of Kuressaare with western Europe; restriction of rights of foreign merchants in Kuressaare; implementation of the principle of “a foreigner does not trade with foreigners”; trade in the town and its hinterland; prohibition of the purchase of goods outside the town limits; trade with peasants; rivalry between

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burghers and the nobility; banning of trade through other harbours; and other related topics, 1578–1691. * 16: Ordinances and resolutions (mostly copies) of Swedish rulers, high ofcials, etc., relating to trading rights of foreign merchants in Kuressaare (with other foreigners, local merchants, nobles and peasants); the general management at the harbour; the banning of trade in smaller harbours; payment of customs dues; customs tariffs; weights and measures; and the Great and Small Guild, 1646–1700. * 17–21: Ordinances of the governor-general relating to foreign and local trade, trade relations of burghers with nobility and peasants, and trade through other ports, 1756–1827. 34–36: Minutes of the town council, 1773–1791. 102–105: Resolutions issued by the Kuressaare town council concerning the payment of debts, 1631–1799.

Relevant materials can also be found in subject les and correspondence covering the period 1645–1888: • •

•

•

•

163–164: Concerning navigation in Kuressaare (1787, 1791). 408–409: Letters (among others from high authorities) sent to the town council relating to local trade (particularly salt, tobacco and grain), town privileges, trades and income of town inhabitants, the Great Guild, taxes, navigation, purchase of goods in the hinterland, and other issues, 1634–1710. 410–415: Orders, resolutions and letters of the governor-general, governor’s ofce, the Great Guild and others, relating to trade in Kuressaare, 1717–1799. 448–449: Correspondence, miscellaneous memoranda, etc., exchanged with the Great Guild, courts and others, pertaining to trade privileges, trade, navigation, customs dues and other related topics; excerpts from various ordinances, laws and merchant guild charters concerning trade in Kuressaare; lists of the Great Guild members from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century (mostly undated). 1507–1508: Including proposals of the Kuressaare market ofcer to the town council pertaining to trade at the marketplace, 1798–1799.

The bulk of the court les (items 477–677) dates from the nineteenth century. Only items 477–496 concern the years 1663–1800.

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Inventory 2 • •

• •

•

•

•

3: Resolutions and regulations issued by the town council relating to local trade, 1660–1800s. 11–18: Minutes of the town council, occasionally concerning such issues as trade with Riga, Tallinn and St. Petersburg, and private debts, 1707, 1712–1713, 1744–1799. 94: Including lists of town inhabitants, real estate owners, members of the Great Guild and merchants, c. 1700. 99: Incoming letters relating to various issues such as the trades of town inhabitants, violation of privileges, collection of excise taxes and customs dues, trade at the town market, unfair trade competition between burghers and nobility, and the purchase of goods in the countryside, 1697–1733. 100: Incoming letters relating among other issues to the Great and Small Guild, trade at the town market, town privileges, peasant trade, purchase of goods from peasants in the countryside, export of grain, salt, forest products and livestock, 1697–1762. 421: Including miscellaneous documents covering such topics as the restoration of trade relations in the mid-seventeenth century; prohibition on the purchase of goods from peasants outside the town limits; exchange rates, weights and measures, and customs tariffs, 1645–1780. 423: Incoming letters, occasionally concerning foreign trade, rights of foreigners to trade at the market, and claims for payment, 1668–1828.

Accessibility Two inventories, in German; also available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais. An updated comprehensive guide in Estonian providing descriptions of the record groups of administrative and judicial organs and of institutions for local self-government and justice is to be found in: Arhiivijuht [Archival guide], 1: Riigi-, kohtu- ja omavalitsusasutused, ed. L. Leppik (Tartu, 2003); also available online at: www.eha.ee (in the database “Fondiloend”). A general directory to major holdings: $ % '    *   +    .   % [Central State Historical Archives of the Estonian SSR. Guide] (Moscow, Tartu, 1969). A.-B. Labi, “Magistraatide dokumentaalmaterjalid Eesti NSV Riiklikus Ajaloo Keskarhiivis [Documentary materials of city magistracies in the Central State Historical Archives of the Estonian SSR]”, in: Eesti NSV arhiivid. Valimik fondiülevaateid (Tallinn, 1981).

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Record creator / provenance A settlement of merchants and craftsmen at the site of the present town of Kuressaare (Arensburg) has existed since the mid-fteenth century as a local market place on the island of Saaremaa (Ösel). Kuressaare acquired Riga town rights from the Danish Duke Magnus in 1563. In the period 1570–1611, it was a small provincial town with no more than fty burghers. In 1645, their number may have risen to 100. The burghers mostly lived on handicraft and conducted trade only to a limited extent. Merchants bought agricultural products from the peasants and noble landowners or exchanged commodities. Kuressaare merchants themselves did not undertake long sea voyages and close business contacts were developed with neighbouring Riga and Pärnu (Pernau). Imports mainly consisted of grocery products. After the Livonian War (1558–1583) and the succeeding wars, the economic signicance of the town rose. In 1645 Kuressaare fell into the hands of the Swedes. During the Great Northern War (1700–1721) the town was annexed by Russia. On the whole, local merchants were poor and in order to ensure their income, the town had to oppose trading activities in smaller harbours on Saaremaa. The town council, the supreme governing body in the town, exercised executive, administrative and judicial functions. It appointed and dismissed town ofcials; granted citizenship; approved the charters of guilds; regulated prices, trade and commerce; administered judicial, religious and educational affairs; supervised lower courts, town properties and schools; and was in charge of collecting taxes and accommodating troops. The town council as a governing body ceased to exist in 1878. It was dissolved as a judicial organ in 1889. Related materials Originals and copies of some town privileges from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries are kept at the Saaremaa Muuseum (Saaremaa Museum), Kuressaare. Publications • • •

Blumfeldt, Evald, “Om Ösels upptagande i det svenska väldet hösten 1645”, in: Svio-Estonica 1949 (Lund, 1949), pp. 74–90. Helk, Vello, “Bürgerlisten von Arensburg (Ösel) 1645–1675”, in: Ostdeutsche Familienkunde, 32 (1984), pp. 173–177. Helk, Vello, “Bürgerlisten von Arensburg (Ösel) aus dem Jahre 1627”, in: Ostdeutsche Familienkunde, 36 (1988), pp. 305–309.

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Helk, Vello, “Landsassen, Geistlichkeit und Bürgerschaft von Arensburg (Ösel) in 1597”, in: Ostdeutsche Familienkunde, 38 (1990), pp. 250–258.    [A complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire], Vols. I–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830); containing the bulk of decrees and regulations regarding trade. Provinzialrecht der Ostseegouvernements, Vol. 2 (St. Petersburg, 1845). Seresse, Volker, Des Königs “arme weit abgelegenne Vntterthanen”. Oesel unter dänischer Herrschaft 1559/84–1613 (Kieler Werkstücke. Reihe B. Beiträge zur nordischen und baltischen Geschichte, 2) (Frankfurt am Main, 1996). Soom, Arnold, “Kuressaare linna majandusprobleeme Rootsi ajal [Economic problems of Kuressaare in the Swedish period]”, in: Mälestusi. Artikleid (Tartu, 1996), pp. 163–215.

Livland Guberniya Administration Record group Livland Guberniya Administration Liivimaa Kubermanguvalitsus Reference code : 297 Period : 1710–1919 Extent : 19827 items Abstract The record group consists of series of decrees, ordinances, orders, minute books, correspondence as well as subject les on various topics such as military service, trade and industry, taxes, public order, citizenship grants and passports issues, supervision of courts, etc. These papers reect the developments in the manifold spheres of life in the Livonia (Livland) Guberniya (province) of the Russian Empire, which was characterised by its highly bureaucratic way of governing. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1781–1800 : Estonia, various countries : High German, Russian

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The materials are mostly organised by the inner structure of the Guberniya Administration and within this structure are arranged chronologically. They are described in twelve inventories, three of which are relevant. Inventory 4 Minute books of the German Expedition run from 1784 to 1794 (items 1–121). In these bulky volumes one may occasionally come across minutes relating to trade and related issues. The same applies to the thick volumes with the minutes of the proceedings of the Russian Expedition, which run from 1796 to 1846 (items 561–562 cover the period until 1800). Inventory 5 The records of the Administration reect the legal aspect of trade, as it translated the decrees, directives and by-laws issued by the Emperor and various higher bodies and ofcials, and published these in the province. There are decrees of the Senate from the period 1784–1884 (items 1–39 up to 1800, with chronological directories in each volume). The series of ordinances (Patenten) published by the Livonia Guberniya Administration covers the period 1781–1904 (items 177–184 until 1800). In addition to the ordinances of higher local ofcials like the governor-general and governor, the series also includes selected decrees of the Emperors, Senate, Collegiums (Commerce, Judicial, etc.) that were valid in Livonia. Item 328 is a printed index to the Patenten, which contains handwritten brief annotations of several decrees of the Senate relating to Livonia from the years 1710–1789. (It is important to note that after the annexation by the Russian Empire, the provincial autonomy of the Baltic territories (known as der baltische Landesstaat) survived in trade matters: there were different customs tariffs, a customs border between the Baltics and Russia proper, etc.) The ordinances relating to trade cover various issues: • • •

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From 1781: vodka export from Livonia to Russia proper, and vodka import. From 1782: establishment of land-border customs ofces. From 1783: vodka import to Russia, customs regulations, shipworkers (among others Englishmen and Dutchmen), vodka import to Vyborg (Viipuri). From 1785: duty-free import of goods from Sweden to Russia, shipwrecks. From 1786: trade in Saaremaa, banking, illegal vodka trade.

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From 1787: grain trade, purchase of goods in the countryside, monetary matters (in the Russian-ruled Baltic provinces both Russian and some foreign units, such as Albertustaler, were in use). From 1788: purchase of goods from small producers in the countryside. From 1789: copper coins circulation, import of foreign goods. From 1790: currencies valid in Russia. From 1793: imposure of trade sanctions, import of hops. From 1794: ban on import, illicit trade. From 1795: grain export. From 1797: import of Dutch commodities, customs dues. From 1798: new currencies, customs, business travellers’ matters. From 1799: illegal vodka export to Russia. From 1800: purchase of commodities in the countryside, illegal trade.

Inventory 12 The inventory lists les of various subdivisions of the Guberniya Administration. The following items are relevant: • •

50: Files concerning assistence to ships wrecked off the south-west coast of Estonia, 1792. 54: Files concerning the handling of prohibited goods in the customs ofce at the port of Pärnu (Pernau), and the return of them, 1793.

Accessibility Twelve inventories, either in Russian or German, with introductions; also available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais. Chronologisches Verzeichnis der Livländischen Gouvernements-Regierungs-Patente von 1710 bis 1822 (Riga, 1823). Eckardt, Friedrich v., Inhalt der in der rigischen Statthalterschaft emanirten gedruckten Patente, von 1710 bis Ende 1788 (Riga, 1789). An updated comprehensive guide in Estonian providing descriptions of the record groups of administrative and judicial organs and of institutions for local self-government and justice is to be found in: Arhiivijuht [Archival guide], 1: Riigi-, kohtu- ja omavalitsusasutused, ed. L. Leppik (Tartu, 2003); also available online (in the future) at: www.eha.ee (in the database “Fondiloend”). A general directory to major holdings: $ % '    *   +    .   % [Central State Historical Archives of the Estonian SSR. Guide] (Moscow, Tartu, 1969).

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Record creator / provenance According to the Law of 1775, the Russian Empire was divided into Guberniyas, the administration of which was uniformly organised. Administrative, scal and judicial functions at the provincial level were assigned to separate organs. Following the provincial reforms under Catherine the Great, the Livonia Guberniya Administration (in German Gouvernementsregierung, in Russian #   ;  ) was created in 1783. It covered roughly the south of present-day Estonia (including the Isle of Saaremaa (Ösel)) and the north of present-day Latvia, known as Vidzeme. At the head of the Guberniya administration stood a governor and a vice-governor, which were appointed by the Emperor or Empress. Up to 1801, the administration was subordinated to the Senate. Its duties included supervising the provincial administration, public order, justice and courts, prisons and buildings, accommodating troops and recruiting soldiers. In the years 1783–1852, the ofce had consisted of two subdivisions (Expeditionen). One dealt with German (local) matters; the other managed Russian affairs (i.e. communication with higher bodies in Russia). The Guberniya Administration functioned until 1918. Custodial history The records of the Guberniya (province) of Livonia were initially stored in Riga. In 1914, part of the records was evacuated to Tartu and Riazan. As a result, the les are nowadays split between the Estonian Historical Archives and Latvian State Historical Archives. Although a substantial number of records at Riga were destroyed during World War II, the materials nowadays preserved in Latvia by far outnumber those kept in Estonia (and include 22832 items transferred from Estonia to Latvia in 1959). From the materials of the Guberniya Administration preserved in Tartu, separate record groups comprising the papers of the Building Department (record group no. 298), the Veterinary Department (record group no. 299), and the Prisons Department (record group no. 300) have been created later on. Related materials •

Latvia State Historical Archives (Riga): Livland Guberniya Administration (reference code: 4).

Publications •

Amburger, Erik, Behördenorganisation Russlands von Peter dem Grossen bis 1917 (Leiden, 1966).

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   [A complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire], Vols. I–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830); containing the bulk of decrees and regulations. ;   % [Encyclopaedic Dictionary], Vol. XI a (St. Petersburg, 1898).

Mapping Ofce of Livland Guberniya Record group Mapping Ofce of Livland Guberniya Liivimaa kubermangu joonestuskoda Reference code : 308 Period : 1630–1921 Extent : 777 items Abstract The record group comprises: Senate decrees; circular letters and ordinances of the Livonia (Livland) Guberniya (province) Administration; various reports, lists and registers; subject les and correspondence on such topics as carrying out surveying and mapping works, solving border disputes, land measuring instruments, ofce’s archives, subsidies and staff. The Ofce’s map collection consists of maps and plans originating from various ofces in the province of Livonia. The materials include general maps of the province as well as maps of districts, towns, manors and harbours as well as technical plans of fortications, from the seventeenth to early twentieth centuries. The sub-collection of maps of Livonia from the Swedish period (1629–1710) contains manuscript maps and plans of parishes, towns, borders, forests, inland routes, manors, villages and farms, as well as their description books. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1630–1790 : Estonia, Latvia : High German, Swedish

The materials are described in a number of inventories.

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Inventory 2 • • • • • •

1–2: General maps of Livonia, Estonia and Courland (showing for example important waterways), 1630s. 3: Map of Livonia, 1686. 6: Map of Livonia (with the counties of Riga, Csis (Wenden), Tartu (Dorpat) and Pärnu (Pernau)), 1693–1694. 7: Map of Livonia (showing for instance land routes to Riga), 1702. 11: Map of Pärnu, 1696. 28: Hydrographic maps of the islands of Saaremaa (Ösel) and Hiiumaa (Dagö) as well as of the west Estonian coastline, depicting harbours and navigation conditions, 1704.

Inventory 6 •

409 (2)–410: Maps of Kuressaare (Arensburg) depicting the town’s area, harbour entrance and inland route network around the town, 1786, 1790.

Accessibility Three inventories, either partly in Russian, Estonian, German, or Swedish. A database called “register of maps in the Estonian Historical Archives” is available at: www.eha.ee. An updated comprehensive guide providing descriptions of the state administrative and judicial organs, and of institutions for local self-government and justice: Arhiivijuht [Archival Guide], I. Riigi-, kohtu- ja omavalitsusasutused, ed. L. Leppik (Tartu, 2003); also available online at: www.eha.ee. A general directory of the major holdings: $ % '    *   +    .   % [Central State Historical Archives of the Estonian SSR. Guide] (Moscow, Tartu, 1969). Record creator / provenance In 1728, two land measurers were appointed in Livonia with the task to carry out surveying and mapping works in the Guberniya (province). The Guberniya land measurer was subordinated to the Guberniya administration. The Mapping Ofce of the Livonia Guberniya was set up in 1844. It had to coordinate land measuring in the province and compile maps. The Ofce was abolished in 1917. Visually attractive There are several manuscript maps, some of them coloured.

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Ill. 3. Detail of a map of Saaremaa (Ösel) Island and the coastal regions of Estonia, 1704, depicting Kuressaare (Arensburg) and other ports, as well as churches, manors, pubs, mills, land and shipping routes, lighthouses, and dangerous shelves and rocks, by Philip Johan Jaquez. Estonian Historical Archives (Tartu): “Mapping Ofce of Livland Guberniya” (reference code: 308), inventory 2, no. 28.

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Related materials Part of the orginal record group is preserved in the Latvian State Historical Archives at Riga (reference code: 2760). The “Maps Collection” in the Estonian Historical Archives (reference code: 2072) also contains three relevant items: a map of Narva (inventory no. 9, item 623); a map of Paldiski (Baltischport) (inventory no. 2, item 22), and a map of Pärnu (Pernau) and its waterways (inventory no. 5, item 751).

Narva Customs Ofce Record group Narva Customs Ofce Narva tolliamet Reference code : 664 Period : 1722–1918 Extent : 2709 items Abstract The record group comprises: decrees, circular letters and prescripts of higher bodies pertaining to customs tariffs and operations of the customs ofces; reports and decisions; regulations and correspondence relating to issuing import and export licences; documents concerning shipwrecks, punishments for violation of customs regulations, the supervision over collecting customs duties and the warehousing of goods in the harbour; statistical data on export and import; import and export declarations for goods; lists of merchant ships and coasters, conscated goods, and smugglers; ships’ logbooks; reports and other papers concerning vessel trafc and examination, the sale of smuggled goods, etc.; and les on peasants suspected of smuggling. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1722–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Russian

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Relevant materials include the series of decrees and prescripts issued by the Commerce Collegium, the St. Petersburg Customs Ofce, the Guberniya (province) Administration, and the Treasury Chamber (Kameralhof ), 1722–1800 (items 1–67, 110, partly with chronological directories), and the series of minutes and resolutions of the Narva customs ofce (clean copies with chronological directories), 1751–1911 (items 68–99, 111 from before 1800). These records give full information on the principles followed by the Russian customs administration in those years. Accessibility Inventory, in Russian. Arhiivijuht [Archival Guide], I: Riigi-, kohtu- ja omavalitsusasutused, ed. L. Leppik (Tartu, 2003). This publication is an updated comprehensive guide (in Estonian) providing descriptions of the record groups of the administrative and judicial organs, and of the institutions for local self-government, which is also accessible at: www.eha.ee (see the database “Fondiloend”). A general directory to major holdings: $ % '    *   +    .   % [Central State Historical Archives of the Estonian SSR. Guide], (Moscow, Tartu, 1969). Record creator / provenance Narva was a signicant border town and port on the northern coast of modern-day Estonia. At the end of the sixteenth century, the town served as the main outlet for Russian goods to foreign markets. During its heyday (in the seventeenth century), it grew wealthy as a key port and merchant town of Sweden. Although its role as a trading port diminished after having been captured by the Russians in the Great Northern War (1704), it became the third major export port of the Russian Empire (from 1719 on, the town belonged to the St. Petersburg guberniya or province). Narva lived on transit trade in forest products, ax and hemp. In the 1630s, an ofcial was appointed at Narva to collect customs duties (Licent). An actual customs ofce was set up in 1720. Customs collectors were state ofcials in port towns who had the duty to inspect all ships in the roadsteads and docks and to collect the customs dues. In the eighteenth century, local customs ofces, headed by the customs collector (Licent verwalter) and assisted by examiners, copyists, cashiers, etc., were subordinated to the Commerce Collegium in St. Petersburg. In 1782, customs stations operating at the land boundaries were also established. There, border riders and examiners (Grenz-Zoll-Aufseher) were appointed. In 1811, new customs districts were created and the system of customs houses was reorganised.

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The Licent was a customs duty paid on all imported and exported commodities by sea and represented a certain percentage of the cargo’s value. The Portorium was a port duty introduced in the 1620s. There were other additional customs duties on goods shipped by sea (such as excise and various kinds of Ungelder). The Licent was debited to the state treasurer, part of the portorium to the town treasury. Customs and excise revenues made up the majority of the state revenues in the Baltic provinces during the eighteenth century. The Swedish-period customs duties (i.e. Licent, Portorium, other smaller dues) also remained in force in the eighteenth century. In 1782 lower local tariffs were replaced with the unied tariffs of Russia. The Narva customs ofce was closed in 1918. Publications •

   [A complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire], Vols. I–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830); including the bulk of decrees and regulations.

Narva District Court Record group Narva District Court Narva foogtikohus Reference code : 1680 Period : 1651–1889 Extent : 2778 items Abstract The record group consists of circular letters and orders; protocols of the court proceedings; court judgements; correspondence; various lists; court les relating to civil and criminal cases; bookkeeping materials; various reports and registers; etc. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1656–1800 : Estonia, Finland, Germany, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German

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The materials are described in three inventories. Inventory 1 The court protocols from the years 1656–1882 (items 1–153 date from the period until 1800, with small gaps in the seventeenth century) are essentially preserved. Both the excerpts from these protocols (items 218–308, from the years 1651–1802) and the court les (items 321–1579, from the years 1696–1799) are only partially preserved. The latter series largely repeats the information already available in the protocols. Inventory 2 Items nos. 1–21 ll in the gaps in the series of court protocols described in inventory no. 1 (1728, 1738, 1739, 1741, 1743, 1745, 1749–1751, 1753–1760, 1762, 1764, 1765, 1770–1781, 1789–1792, 1794–1797). Items 79–529 are court les dating from the period 1678–1799. Inventory 3 Relevant are protocols (items 1–5 from 1707, 1731–1748, 1766, 1767), excerpts from protocols (items 12–20 from 1651–1810) and court les (items 24–27 from 1688 and 1703). The court’s materials shed light on everyday life in the town of Narva (e.g. on the burghers’ business transactions and techniques, wealth, claims, etc.). Business contacts of local burghers with Russian and western European merchants, and of Russians with Western Europeans can be traced. Foreign merchants often violated the prohibitions on direct trading with other foreigners and continued to sell their goods in retail. Several lawsuits relate to illegal trading outside the town limits (Vorkäuferei), skippers and seamen illegally selling goods from their ships, and local small traders selling goods in gross. There are also claims relating to unfullled contracts (foreign merchants against locals), quality and quantity of imported goods, shipping charges, freight contracts, etc. A number of cases concern disputes on unpaid debts, bills, obligations, different measures, execution of wills, etc. Some claims arose from differences in exchange rates of rikstaler against Russian rubles. At times imported goods were registered in court papers (listed are sellers, amounts of goods, prices). In the protocols, one may occasionally come across oaths taken by lower town ofcials (for instance, excise ofcials), rules for carriers and other workers, and probate inventories of foreign merchants who died in Narva without directs heirs there. The protocols reect the general trade developments in

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Narva. Since the establishment of the district court until the 1670s, issues relating to Russian merchants and commodities (ax, hemp, furs) dominated its agenda. From the 1670s onward lawsuits involving Western Europeans and their goods purchased in Narva (e.g. forest products) prevailed among trade-related cases. The protocols as well as other court materials provide names of Narva merchants and their business partners in Russia (Pskov, Novgorod) and western Europe, skippers, agents, etc. Accessibility Three inventories, in German; also available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais. An updated comprehensive guide in Estonian providing descriptions of the record groups of administrative and judicial organs and of institutions for local self-government and justice is to be found in: Arhiivijuht [Archival guide], 1: Riigi-, kohtu- ja omavalitsusasutused, ed. L. Leppik (Tartu, 2003); also available online at: www.eha.ee (in the database “Fondiloend”). A general directory to major holdings: $ % '    *   +    .   % [Central State Historical Archives of the Estonian SSR. Guide] (Moscow, Tartu, 1969). Provinzialrecht der Ostseegouvernements, Vol. 1 (St. Petersburg, 1845). Record creator / provenance The Narvaer Vogteigericht (vogt or district court), established in 1654, was acting as a court of rst instance and police authority in the town until 1889 (except for the period of the so-called regency in 1785–1797). The court was composed of three to ve members. The assessors of the court were headed by a chief judge (Vogt) who was elected by the town council. The court was subordinated to the town council: one could appeal against the court’s judgements to the town council, and during the Swedish period, in some cases even to the courts of appeal (Hofgericht) in Tartu and Turku (Åbo). The court had jurisdiction over violations of local ordinances, and smaller civil and criminal lawsuits. It tried cases concerning swindling, petty theft, illegal trading outside the town (Vorkäuferei) and trade illegally conducted by non-burghers. It decided on civil cases between sellers and buyers, various handicraft men, master skippers and other seamen, and merchants and workers, concerning quality and quantity, prices, payments, shipping charges, and loss and wastage during the shipping and transport over land. In criminal cases the court only carried out investigations. It implemented the orders of the Narva Commerce Collegium (in Swedish times) and imposed nes. The district court along with the entire German court and the municipal government system was abolished in 1889.

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Narva Historical Society Record group Narva Historical Society Narva Muinsusselts Reference code : 3287 Period : 17th century–1917 Extent : 423 items Abstract This collection includes a draft statute of the society, materials documenting its activities, various papers of a legal and personal nature (often copies) concerning the burghers of Narva, various reports and other manuscripts, etc. Furthermore, there are several sub-collections of local merchants’ business correspondence and other papers. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1634–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, English, High German, Russian

The sub-collections of local merchants, including their business correspondence, record their trading activities in Russia and western Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In addition, there are also fragments of business books of which the authors usually cannot be identied. Accessibility Inventory (in Estonian); also available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais. Record creator / provenance In the middle of the nineteenth century, local associations emerged under the direction of learned Baltic Germans, with the purpose of promoting and exploring local history. Furthermore, these associations collected antiquities and disseminated knowledge about them. In 1856, sixteen burghers of Narva decided to establish a society with the aim to research, collect, preserve and make available to the public all materials pertinent to the town’s history. This initiative did not succeed, however, and some years later a new attempt

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was launched. In 1862, the members of the Great Guild decided once again to establish a historical society, which was also open to non-guild members. In December 1863 the statute of the Narva Historical Society (Narvasche Altertumsgesellschaft) was ofcially approved by the Tsar. The statute of 1862 stated the Society’s aims as: research of the history of Narva and the collection and preservation of antiquities within the building of the Great Guild. In 1869, the Society ended its activities but it was only ofcially dissolved in 1917. Even though it existed for only a short time, its activities were successful, as it acquired and transferred rich collections of museum objects as well as important documents on Narva’s past. Publications • • •

Sitzungsberichte der Narvaschen Alterthums-Gesellschaft, I–XXXIV (1864–1868), containing reviews of the Society’s activities. Statuten der Narvaschen Alterthums-Gesellschaft (Narva, 1864). Weiss, Helmuth, “Die historischen Gesellschaften”, in: G. von Rauch (ed.), Geschichte der deutschbaltischen Geschichtsschreibung (Ostmitteleuropa in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart, 20) (Cologne, Vienna, 1986), pp. 121–139.

Narva Salt Company Record group Narva Salt Company Narva Soolakompanii Reference code : 3286 Period : 1737–1811 Extent : 25 items Abstract The materials include the proceedings of the company, its nancial records and a salt book. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1737–1800 : Estonia, various countries : High German

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The archives include proceedings of the company (1737–1803), general ledgers and journals (1790–1806), an account book (1761–1785), reports and miscellaneous cash documents (1761–1771). Indicating the amount, assortment and prices of the commodities as well as the revenues, expenses and business contacts of the company, these documents provide insight into the salt and tobacco trade in Narva. Accessibility Inventory (in Estonian); also available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais. Record creator / provenance The salt company was founded in 1737 by local merchants to pursue the salt and tobacco trade in the town of Narva (located in the northeast of present-day Estonia). The company bought the salt imported to Narva and sold it by retail in the stores belonging to the members of the company. The business deteriorated in the early nineteenth century and in 1811, the company’s building was sold.

Narva Town Council Record group Narva Town Council Narva Magistraat Reference code : 1646 Period : 1374–1889 Extent : 20739 items Abstract Types of records include (among other papers): town privileges (originals and copies); decrees, ordinances and (circular) letters of rulers and central authorities; town laws, regulations and announcements; charters and certicates of craft and merchant guilds; minutes of the town council; miscellaneous certicates, passports, callings and work contracts; lists of town dwellers, land owners, tax payers, Russians, etc.; burgher books; various purchase and sales contracts; correspondence; registers of letters received and sent; drafts; nancial records; and court and guardianship les. Subject les include various topics such as administrative matters, commerce,

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handicraft, town manors, schools and public order. The record group also contains materials of various sub-commissions of the town council (church, crafts, accommodation, building, executive and censorship commissions) as well as maps, plans and drawings. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1581–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, English, High German, Russian, various languages

The materials are described in three inventories. Inventory 1 In this inventory, there are listed city privileges, royal resolutions and ordinances, registers of letters received and sent, and drafts. Minutes of the town council and correspondence covering the period from 1600 through 1889 (items 73–266 until 1800, with gaps in the seventeenth century) document the activities undertaken by the town council to promote and develop trade. Item 267 is a register. Each volume is typically divided into two parts: general and court matters. General issues include: granting burghership; the delivery of certicates to merchants in order to sail duty-free through the Belts (the minutes list merchandise and its quantity, owners, port of destiny as well as travel passports (in 1680–1700), trading rights of local and foreign merchants). Court matters cover issues like loading ships, quality of goods (ax, hemp and forest products); shipwrecks (only occasionally lists of cargo are given); differences in exchange rates; sale and purchase of ships (in the 1600s); bills of exchange, etc. Relevant materials also include subject les (items 820–908), covering the eighteenth century, which reect the development of trade and navigation. These les include various types of documents: legislation, petitions, letters, freight letters, ship passports, tariffs, price lists, port books (indicating the name of the skipper and the vessel as well as the amount of commodities), etc. They provide a detailed overview of the town’s foreign trade at that time. In the early eighteenth century, local merchants regularly attempted to revive foreign trade; later foreign traders joined their efforts. In the early years many problems were caused by customs matters; from 1721 issues

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related to the wood trade dominated. Besides that, ax, hemp and salt trade are mentioned. Matters of navigation became important in connection with the wood trade. Item 835 concerns the sea and river routes to the town. A few items pertain to local agents of foreign companies (for instance item 898, which is a merchant book in English with accounts of purchased ax, hemp and masts, and the respective invoices). Item 803 is a customs book of Reval from 1640. Items 1073, 1074, 1083 and 1086 constitute customs books of Narva (dating from the years 1689, 1690, 1694, 1695). Also mentioned in this inventory are three manuscript maps of Narva, dating from the years 1649–1693. The oldest of these depicts the town and harbour areas. The map from 1693 shows the market place. Inventory 2 The records pertaining to overseas trade include royal resolutions and ordinances relating to customs tariffs, trade (e.g. in salt, herring, tobacco and wine), navigation, weights and measures. Items 342–350 include customs books (Portorium-Journals und -Bücher), dating from 1662, 1666, 1668, 1671, 1672, 1677, 1679, 1686–1690 and 1699. These contain names of skippers and vessels, their origin, port of departure, the kind and amount of commodities and the sum of customs duties paid. Item 351 contains a list of goods exported from Narva in 1696; items 352–354 contain data on the commodities destined to Narva, but to be tariffed in Tallinn, dating from 1698, 1699, 1702 and 1703. A number of les include complaints regarding trade (e.g. book, tobacco, herring, iron, leather, ax, hop, salt and wine trade), shing, ship freights, ship loading, shipbuilding, violations of customs regulations, trade contracts and rights (predominantly from the seventeenth century). Inventory 3 Item 1896 includes town privileges. Accessibility Three inventories, no. 2 with an introduction (in Estonian); also available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais. An updated comprehensive guide in Estonian providing descriptions of the record groups of the administrative and judicial organs, and of the institutions for local self-government and justice: Arhiivijuht [Archival Guide], I: Riigi-, kohtu- ja omavalitsusasutused, ed. L. Leppik (Tartu, 2003). The publication will also be made accessible at: www.eha.ee.

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A general directory to major holdings: $ % '    *   +    .   % [Central State Historical Archives of the Estonian SSR. Guide] (Moscow, Tartu, 1969). Several royal ordinances concerning overseas trade and navigation are available at a seventeenth-century imprints database at: www.eha.ee/ plakatid, which can be searched by theme, date of issue, reference code and originator. Record creator / provenance In 1345, Narva (located in the north-east of present-day Estonia) was granted Lübeck town rights, which remained in force until the conquest of the town by Russians in the Livonian War. In 1585, these rights were replaced by Swedish town laws. During the Great Northern War (1700–1721) Narva fell into the hands of the Russians, but the Swedish town laws remained in power. The town council was rst established in the mid-fourteenth century. The council, the supreme governing body in the town, exercised executive, administrative and judicial functions. It appointed and dismissed city ofcials; granted citizenship, approved the charters (rules) of guilds; regulated prices, trade and commerce; administered judicial, religious and educational affairs; supervised lower courts, town properties and schools; and was in charge of collecting taxes and accommodating troops. The town council ceased to exist as a governing body in 1873 and as a judicial organ in 1889. Visually attractive Three manuscript maps of Narva (1649–1693) are listed in inventory 1. The one from 1649 shows the town and harbour areas. The map from 1693 depicts the market place. Copies Some older records such as town privileges and laws are microlmed and can be consulted at the Estonian Historical Archives. Related materials •

•

Minutes of the town council dating from 1588–1590 and 1603–1608 are preserved at the National Archives of Sweden (Stockholm): Livonica, II: 612. Part of the materials originating from the Narva town council is located in the Estonian History Museum (Eesti Ajaloomuuseum, Tallinn): Narva Town Council (Narva magistraat, reference code: 124).

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Ill. 4. Plan of the town hall square in Narva (Estonia), 1693, indicating the proposed building site of a stock exchange for foreign merchants (built in the years around 1700 but never used for this purpose). Estonian Historical Archives (Tartu): “Narva Town Council” (reference code: 1646), inventory 1, no. 3556.

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Publications •

• •

• •

      

       XVII .        [Economic relations between Russia and Sweden in the XVIIth century. Documents from the Soviet archives], ed. A. Attman (Moscow, Stockholm, 1978); including a number of records pertaining to trade. Erpenbeck, D., and E. Küng, Narvaer Bürger- und Einwohnerbuch 1581–1704 (Dortmund, 2000). Labi, A.B., “Magistraatide dokumentaalmaterjalid ENSV Riiklikus Ajaloo Keskarhiivis [Documents of the city councils in the Central State Historical Archives of the Estonian SSR]”, in: Eesti NSV arhiivid (Tallinn, 1981).    [A complete collection of laws of the Russian empire], Vols. I–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830). Provinzialrecht der Ostseegouvernements, Vol. 1 (St. Petersburg, 1845).

The last two publications, both collections of laws, include many decrees and regulations regarding Narva and its trade rights.

Nolcken Family Record group Nolcken Family Nolcken Reference code Period Extent

: 1442 : 1627–1934 : 357 items

Abstract The papers of the noble Nolcken family chiey consists of material relating to the members’ personal lives, manors (Alatskivi (Allatzkiwi), Luunja (Lunia), Tabivere (Tappifer), Kaagvere (Kawershof), Mooste (Moisekatz), Pilka (Pilken), Sarakuste (Sarrakus), etc.) and professional careers as ofcers and regional politicians in the Baltic provinces. Other papers concern the related Münnich family. The records include correspondence, biographic materials, photos, nancial records, maps and plans, ownership documents and property registers, miscellaneous manuscripts and various copies.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1701–1701 : Russia : Swedish

The materials include hydrographic charts of important inland waterways: Lake Ladoga (north of St. Petersburg) with part of its basin and the Neva River owing from the Lake to the Baltic Sea, dating from 1701 (items 350–352). Accessibility Inventory (in Estonian), with introduction; also available online at: ais. ra.ee/ais. A database called “Register of the maps in the Estonian Historical Archives” and an index of personal names appearing in the inventories of the estate and personal record groups are both available at: www.eha.ee. Record creator / provenance The Nolcken family originates from Lower Saxony. By the early seventeenth century, the family had settled down in Livonia (Livland) and Saaremaa (Ösel), Estonia. Here, the Nolckens soon became large estate owners. Some of the acquired manors remained in their possession until 1919, when these were expropriated along with all large land holdings of the nobility by the Estonian government. The family members included several well-known regional politicians in the Baltic-German-dominated Baltic provinces under Russian rule. Visually attractive The papers include printed maps of Lake Ladoga and the Neva River, dating from 1701 (partly preserved). Publications • •

Genealogisches Handbuch der baltischen Ritterschaften, Vol. 1, 1, Livland (Görlitz, 1929). Genealogisches Handbuch der baltischen Ritterschaften, Vol. 2, 2, Estland (Görlitz, 1930).

Both works are also available at: mdz1.bib-bvb.de/cocoon/baltlex.

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Pärnu Customs Ofce Record group Pärnu Customs Ofce Pärnu Tolliamet Reference code : 2176 Period : 1692–1918 Extent : 589 items Abstract The record group comprises: decrees, ordinances, circular letters and prescripts of various higher bodies; minute books; reports of the Pärnu customs ofce on local grain trade, prices, and incoming and outgoing ships; reports of port inspectors; certicates of origin for foreign goods; lists of incoming and outgoing ships, and other registers. Correspondence and subject les provide data on various topics such as: trade via Pärnu port; freight taxes; customs and shipping dues; salt import quotas; the issuing of navigation passports; duty-free exported goods; trafc of coastals; import restrictions; conscation of smuggled goods; and measures taken against plague and cholera. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1692–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Russian

The materials are described in two inventories, the second of which is relevant. Inventory 2 Item 1 consists of correspondence concerning a lawsuit on conscated goods, 1692–95, and letters addressed to the Pärnu customs collector, 1711–1738. The series of regulations issued by various higher bodies dating from 1744–1850 (items 2–45 date from before 1800) contains decrees of the Senate and the Commerce Collegium; ordinances of the Governor-General;

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ordinances and announcements (Patente) published by the Livonian guberniya (province) administration; orders from the Livonian Treasury Chamber (Kameralhof ) and the Riga inspector general; and orders and letters of the Pärnu (Pernau) town council. The topics covered include: import and export of goods; duty-free export of goods; tariffs; merchants; ght against smugglers; and shipwrecks. Occasionally, there are annual reports of the receipts and expenses of the customs ofce (sums of customs dues debited to the town treasury and the state treasury are separately indicated), cargo lists and other papers. Besides that, the volumes include letters and announcements of the Tartu (Dorpat) and Tallinn (Reval) customs ofces (items 8 and 26 respectively). The above-mentioned series and that of copies of letters and reports addressed to various higher bodies, e.g. the Treasury Chamber (primarily), the Commerce Collegium and other institutions, from 1785–1801 (items 292–300), give full information on the principles followed by the Russian customs administration in those years. Minute books with registers run from 1788 to 1836 (items 142–151 date from before 1800). These contain only imperial decrees, decrees of the Senate, collegiums and ordinances of local higher bodies and ofcials sent to the customs ofce or lists of these. There are also reports on duty-free export of rye, hemp and ax to Sweden via the ports of Riga, Kuressaare (Arensburg) and Tallinn in 1748–1753, and the ports of Riga, Tallinn, Pärnu and Narva in 1758 (items 7 and 11 respectively, with the latter including a price list of agricultural commodities). Other relevant materials include the following: • • •

• • •

292–300: Journals of incoming documents, 1785–1801. 369: Tariff rates, 1753–1755. 370: Instruction for the customs house (Lizentkontor) in Pärnu, 1778, regulating in great detail pilotage, landing, rights and obligations of skippers, lling in custom declarations, submission of required documents by merchants and owners, delivery of goods, handling of goods in the harbour, salvage of stranded ships and the sale of rescued commodities. 371–372: Rules and regulations for skippers, 1786, 1795. 382–385: Tariffs on imported and exported goods in Pärnu, 1778. 389–393: Cargo lists of foreign ships, 1745, 1750–1753, 1771–1876; the cargo lists submitted by local merchants or skippers contain data on goods, port of origin, amount and value of goods, and names of vessel and skipper.

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Accessibility Two inventories, in Russian; also available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais. Arhiivijuht [Archival Guide], I: Riigi-, kohtu- ja omavalitsusasutused, ed. L. Leppik (Tartu, 2003). This publication is an updated comprehensive guide (in Estonian) providing descriptions of the record groups of the administrative and judicial organs, and of the institutions for local self-government, which is also accessible at www.eha.ee (see the database “Fondiloend”). A general directory to major holdings: $ % '    *   +    .   % [Central State Historical Archives of the Estonian SSR. Guide], (Moscow, Tartu, 1969). Record creator / provenance Pärnu was an export port on the west coast of Estonia. A customs collector was appointed there in the early 1600s, to be followed by a customs ofce (Zollamt) later in the seventeenth century. Customs collectors were state ofcials in port towns who had the duty to inspect all ships in the roadsteads and docks and to collect the customs dues. In the eighteenth century, local customs ofces, headed by the customs collector (Licent Verwalter) and assisted by examiners, copyists, cashiers, etc., were subordinated to the Commerce Collegium in St. Petersburg. In 1782, customs stations operating at the land boundaries were also established. There, border riders and examiners (Grenz-Zoll-Aufseher) were appointed. In 1811 new customs districts were formed and the system of customs houses was reorganised. The Licent was a customs duty paid on all goods imported and exported by sea and was a certain percentage of the cargo’s value. The Portorium was a port duty. Both duties were introduced in the early seventeenth century. Additional customs duties on goods shipped by sea were called Zulagen (older taxes). The Licent was debited to the state treasurer, part of the portorium to the town treasury. It is important to note that also in matters of trade, the provincial autonomy of the Baltic region (known as der baltische Landesstaat) largely survived after the annexation by the Russian Empire in 1710: there were different, generally lower, customs tariffs, a customs border between Estonia and Livonia and Russia proper, circulating foreign currency (Albertustaler), etc. Sweden was eligible to export duty-free grain, hemp, ax and masts from the Baltic ports until 1770. Customs and excise revenues made up the majority of state revenues in the Baltic provinces. In 1782 lower local tariffs were replaced with the unied tariffs of Russia. The Pärnu customs station was closed in 1918.

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Publications •

   [A complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire], Vols. I–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830); including the bulk of decrees and regulations.

Pärnu District Court Record group Pärnu District Court Pärnu foogtikohus Reference code : 1001 Period : 1662–1890 Extent : 4075 items Abstract The record group consists of circular letters and orders; protocols of the court proceedings; missives; correspondence; court les relating to civil and criminal cases; bookkeeping materials; various reports and registers; etc. Besides, there are four sub-record groups of lower courts in the town. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1662–1800 : Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Russia, the Netherlands, various countries : High German

Item 1 contains ordinances relating to trade, issued by Swedish and Russian rulers, the Governor-General and other high bodies (e.g. Pärnu town council), from the period 1667–1836. There are also a number of excerpts from laws and regulations governing trade and shipping applying to the whole state, local trade regulations established by the Pärnu town council, etc. The bulk dates from the nineteenth century. Item 2 contains ordinances and announcements (Publikationen) of the Governor-General pertaining to trade, customs tariffs and other issues, from the years 1758–1873. Besides that, there are a few orders of the court dating from the second half of the eighteenth century, pertaining to violations of local trade regulations. Items 3–10 include ordinances and announcements of the town council relating to trade, 1760–1799.

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The protocols of the court proceedings from the years 1708–1889 (items 15–132 date from the period until 1802, with gaps in 1712–1713, 1730, 1789–1798) are essentially preserved. A number of stenogram-like or draft protocols are assembled in unbound volumes, of which only a few contain indexes. Protocols from earlier years (1662–1713, items 4037, 4058–4070) are mostly fragmentary. The court’s materials shed light on everyday life in the town of Pärnu (e.g. on the burghers’ business transactions and techniques, their claims, etc.). Several lawsuits relate to claims for payment, illegal trading outside the town limits (Vorkäuferei), violations of trade regulations, quality and quantity of imported goods, shipping charges, etc. A number of cases concern disputes on unpaid debts, bills of exchange, obligations, execution of wills, etc. The protocols and other court materials record names of Pärnu merchants and their business partners in other towns (Lübeck, Amsterdam, Riga, Tallinn) as well as in the hinterland, and of skippers, associates, etc. In addition, the following items are relevant: •

•

•

•

• •

•

74: Monthly price lists of victuals in the town of Pärnu and the county (wheat, rye, barley, hops, oats, groats, our, honey, vodka, beer, meat, and other local foodstuffs), 1786, 1796–1797. 315: Letters of the Pärnu town council, other courts and private persons addressed to Pärnu district court, chiey dealing with disputes between local merchants and noblemen, 1707–1769. 316–362, 373, 375–380: Petitions of private persons to the court, concerning various issues, including (overseas) trade, 1717–1759, 1786, 1788–1799. 651–829: Court les on civil cases (largely repeating the information also to be found in the protocols), often relating to unpaid bills, debts and invoices, with some claims submitted by Riga and Tallinn merchants and a few by Lübeck, Berlin and other foreign merchants, 1708–1799. 2657–2663: Loss claims, 1771–1789. 3716–3760: Court les relating to violations of local trade regulations, with cases involving foreign merchants (mostly Russian pedlars and Lübeck traders), 1737–1799. 3969–3970: Court les relating to protesting bills, 1728–1800s.

Accessibility Inventory, in German; also available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais. An updated comprehensive guide in Estonian providing descriptions of the record groups of administrative and judicial organs and of institutions for local self-government and justice is to be found in: Arhiivijuht [Archival

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guide], 1: Riigi-, kohtu- ja omavalitsusasutused, ed. L. Leppik (Tartu, 2003); also available online at: www.eha.ee (in the database “Fondiloend”). A general directory to major holdings: $ % '    *   +    .   % [Central State Historical Archives of the Estonian SSR. Guide] (Moscow, Tartu, 1969). Provinzialrecht der Ostseegouvernements, Vol. 2 (St. Petersburg, 1845). Record creator / provenance The Pernauer Vogteigericht (vogt or district court), established in the midseventeenth century, was acting as a court of rst instance and police authority in the town until 1889 (except for the period of the so-called regency in 1785–1797). The assessors of the court were headed by a chief judge (Vogt) who was elected by the town council. The court was subordinated to the town council implying that one could appeal against the court’s judgements to the town council. The court had jurisdiction over violations of local ordinances, smaller civil and criminal lawsuits. It tried cases concerning swindling, petty theft, illegal trading outside the town (Vorkäuferei) and trade illegally conducted by non-burghers. It decided on civil cases between sellers and buyers, various handicraft men, master skippers and other seamen, and merchants and workers, concerning quality and quantity, prices, payments, shipping charges, and loss and wastage during the shipping and transport over land. In criminal cases the court only carried out investigation, but it also imposed nes. The district court along with the entire German court and the municipal government system was abolished in 1889.

Pärnu Great Guild Record group Pärnu Great Guild Pärnu Suurgild Reference code Period Extent

: 5100 : 1588–1935 : 407 items

Abstract The record group comprises charters (statutes), privileges, minutes, ordinances and announcements of the governor’s ofce and town council, missives,

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as well as subject les on various topics such as membership fees, guild assemblies, election of aldermen, taxes, admittance of new members, taking of oaths, participation in various exhibitions, accommodation of soldiers, renting of town manors, town defence, re regulations, functions of the town council and its commissions, excise, charity institutions, military service, trade, schools, churches, etc. There are also bookkeeping documents, various reports, lists and rolls of members. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1588–1800 : Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : High German, Latin, Low German, Swedish

Relevant materials include the following items: • • •

• • •

• • • • •

• • •

1: Copies of privileges and charters of the “grocers’ company” (Krämerkompagnie) in Riga, 1652–1698. 2, 92: Statutes (charters), 1588, 1756. 6–12: Notices and announcements of the Pärnu town council and district court (Vogteigericht) addressed to the Great Guild (with indexes), 1535–1769. 13: Copies of several ordinances and regulations, among others rules for sorting Russian ax and hemp, 1729, a broker’s oath, etc. 14: Copies and excerpts from town privileges relating to trade, 1582– 1764. 15: Ordinances and announcements (Publikationen) of the governor-general, town council, district court, etc., relating to trade, customs tariffs and other issues (copies and originals from 1631–1772). 16: Various announcements of the town council, 1725–1785. 17: Copies of regulations relating to the rights of Russians to trade in Estonian and Livonian towns, 1757–1769. 20: Rules for town weighers, 1778. 21: Rules for ax and hemp sorters, 1778–1785. 92: Altes bruderbuch, containing charters, minutes of meetings concerning admittance of new members and the nancial status of the guild, etc., 1588–1693. 93: Bruderbuch, 1663–1755. 94–96: Minute books, 1748–1803. 134–139: Minutes of general assemblies, 1742–1920; no. 134 includes names of the participants; occasionally the assembly agendas from 1742 to 1819 are available.

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177: Member book providing detailed data on the guild’s members in the years 1700–1821. 179: Oath book from 1793–1889. 279a: Resolutions and orders with regard to matters of free export of grain, 1760–1812. 280: Memorandums and ordinances with regard to matters of prohibiting peasant trade in Pärnu, 1765. 283: Complaints against the Great Guild relating to the export of meat to Sweden, etc., 1770. 306: Papers concerning the removal of sand from the mouth of the Pärnu River, 1729–1781.

Accessibility Inventory, in German, with a short introduction in Estonian; also available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais. A.-B. Labi, “Pärnu Suure Gildi materjalid Eesti NSV Riiklikus Ajaloo Keskarhiivis” [The materials of the Great Guild in Pärnu in the Central State Archives of the Estonian SSR], in: Eesti NSV arhiivid (Tallinn, 1981), pp. 66–77. An ordinance relating to the buying up of goods in the countryside is available at a database of seventeenth-century-imprints: www.eha.ee/plakatid. Record creator / provenance The Great Guild of Pärnu (Pernau) was a privileged association composed primarily of merchants to preserve the rights and privileges of its members. Its purposes and functions overlapped with those of the civil government and as a consequence there was a close connection between the Great Guild and the town authorities. The Guild was subject to the control of the town council until 1879, and after that year the city government. The Great Guild exercised its economic and political power through electing its members to various commissions and collegiums, and serving in the town council. The Guild also performed public services and provided social welfare for its members. The Great Guild of Pärnu was formed in the fteenth century. Its dominant position in the civil government and trade of the town largely disappeared after the town magistracy was dissolved in the 1870s but it continued to perform its functions until 1920 (except for a short interim in 1788–1802 when it was closed). Its statutes from 1588 remained in force, although greatly modied in 1756, until 1920.

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Related materials The records of the Great Guild were transferred to the Central State Archives of the Estonian SSR together with the materials of the Pärnu town council. Here, the documents of the Great Guild were separated from those of the town council and arranged according to documentary form and content. Still, a number of items is preserved in the record group of the “Pärnu Town Council” (reference code: 1000; items 3298–3299, 3317–3318, 3338). Publications •

•

•

Laakmann, Heinrich, “Zur älteren Geschichte der Grossen Gilde in Pernau”, in: Sitzungsberichte der altertumforschenden Gesellschaft zu Pernau, Vol. 8 (Pernau, 1926), pp. 45–58. Laakmann, Heinrich, “Die Pernauer Ratslinie”, in: Sitzungsberichte der altertumforschenden Gesellschaft zu Pernau, Vol. 8. (Pernau, 1926), pp. 80–142. Provinzialrecht der Ostseegouvernements, Vol. 2 (St. Petersburg, 1845).

Pärnu Town Council Record group Pärnu Town Council Pärnu magistraat Reference code : 1000 Period : 1451–1920 Extent : 15528 items Abstract The rich materials of the town council include town privileges (originals and copies); decrees, ordinances, and (circular) letters of rulers and central authorities; town laws, regulations and announcements; charters and certicates of craft and merchant guilds; minutes of the town council; reports; miscellaneous certicates; land registers; lists of town inhabitants, ground owners, etc.; burgher books; various purchase and sales contracts; correspondence; registers of letters received and sent; missives and drafts; letters and decisions of the district court (Vogtgericht); nancial records; and court les among other papers.

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There are subject les on topics such as administrative matters, trade, guilds, taxes, handicraft, money exchange, passports, shing rights, town manors, schools, public order, and garrisons. Besides, the record group contains materials of various sub-commissions of the town council (accommodation, treasurer, excise, and re ghting) and personal papers of the council members and town ofcials. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1518–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Latin, Russian, Swedish

The materials are described in two inventories. Inventory 1 This inventory lists town privileges, royal resolutions and ordinances relating to: trade in Pärnu (items 22 and 49 from the years 1582, 1607, 1613, 1617); shipping (primarily passing through the Sound and the Belts) (items 110, 113, 118, 126 from the years 1665, 1669, 1680, 1688); the granting of burghership (item 114 from 1670); shipping on the Pärnu River (item 127 from 1688); and customs and excise regulations (items 34 and 74 from the years 1600 and 1631 respectively). There is also a copy of a DutchSwedish trade and navigation treaty from 1675 (item 116). Item 165 is a burgher book (Bürgerbuch) from the years 1518–1876. It contains data on the council members as well as texts of oaths taken by aldermen, secretaries and burghers from the seventeenth century. From the mid-seventeenth century onward, in addition to the names of new burghers their trade and place of origin are also mentioned. (The burgher books have partly been published, see under “Publications”. The data for the publications have been supplemented with data from other sources, such as parish registers and minutes of the city council.) The records pertaining to overseas trade also include resolutions and ordinances of rulers as well as central and local authorities, relating to customs tariffs, trade, navigation, weights and measures (items 197, 336–359 from the seventeenth century, items 360–385 from the eighteenth century). Minutes of the town council covering the period from 1583/1602 until 1889 (items 711–824 until 1799 with big gaps in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries) document the activities undertaken by the council to

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promote and develop trade as well as granting burghership rights to new burghers (the minutes mention personal names, places of origin, names of persons standing surety, sums of burgher fees). There are also minutes of court proceedings that concern trade relations of Pärnu merchants with foreigners. The minute books, mainly drafts, include biographic indexes. Letters and excerpts from minutes of the district court (Vogtgericht) from the years 1706–1877 (items 982–995 until 1800) concern disputes over debts, bills, etc. In missives from the period 1648–1863 (items 1152–1267, 1152–1201 until 1799) and drafts of sent letters from 1620 to 1823 (items 1270–1362, 1270–1287 until 1786), one may occasionally come across documents regarding trade, the Pärnu water route, etc. Relevant materials also include subject les covering the period from the early seventeenth century until the end of the eighteenth century (the bulk dates from the latter), which reect the development of trade and shipping. Items 1726–1733 (dating from 1627–1664) include instructions to delegates sent to various central (in Stockholm) and local authorities. Instructions cover various issues, among others trade, relations with neighbouring towns, land routes to Tallinn and Riga, and town privileges. Items 1742–1743, 1747, 1752–1753 (from the years 1712–1724, 1730–1769) include materials of the delegations sent to St. Petersburg, Moscow, Tallinn and Riga with regard to conrming town privileges (among others trade privileges). Several items provide data on the day-to-day work of labourers and ofcials at the port of Pärnu: • • • • •

1809–1810: Carriers and sorters, 1707–1800s. 1813–1814: Excise ofcials, 1711–1800s. 1819: Carriers, 1716–1786. 1823: Brokers, 1740–1825. 1833: Weighers, 1771–1838.

Item 2928 (from the period 1750–1807) contains a list of newly admitted burghers of Pärnu and item 2937 a list of Great and Small Guild members and their widows from 1784. Items 2962–2965 (from 1725–1800s) concern persons who acquired the burghership of Pärnu. Items 3177–3179, 3185 (from 1714–1800s) concern the issuing of passports for travelling in Russia and abroad. Items 3298–3299, 3301–3302 (from 1677–1768, 1703–1753) document activities of the Great Guild in Pärnu to promote trade (mostly dealing with unfair competition and trade with foreigners in town). Items 3303–3338 (from the eighteenth century) include documents of Great Guild members concerning trade in tobacco, leather, etc., the election of Guild

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ofcers, and the appointment of Guild members in the service of public authorities. Items 3479–3481 (from the 1600s and 1700s) provide data on exchange rates, bills and state banks. Items 3506–3507 (from 1659–1786) include various decrees and ordinances of central (Commerce Collegium) and local authorities (Governor-General, Pärnu commandant) relating to trade in Pärnu and the rest of the country (i.e. shipping through the Sound and convoying ships from Swedish ports to western Europe). Items 3508–3509 (from 1716–1786) include ordinances of the governor’s ofce and Pärnu commandants relating to (foreign) trade and correspondence with regard to the same issues. Item 3516 (from 1749–1751) includes ordinances of the governor’s ofce and Pärnu commandants relating to buying up goods in Pärnu’s hinterland. Item 3517 contains trade regulations of Riga and customs tariffs on goods exported by sea from 1766. Items 3519–3522, 3717 include rules for port and town weighers, sorters and market inspectors in Pärnu from the years 1778–1786. Item 3532 contains documents relating to the work of weighers and sorters dating from 1778. Items 3536–3539 (from 1769–1802) provide monthly data on exported and imported goods (mostly salt and grain), duties (Zulage) paid on them and names of payers veried by customs receipts. Items 3541–3548 (from 1696–1800) provide data on customs tariffs and weighing fees at the port of Pärnu, market prices in the town, etc. Items 3555–3558 (from 1767– 1800s) include price lists of agricultural commodities and weighing fees in Pärnu. Items 3592–3597 (from 1710–1800) include goods declarations of outgoing ships (with ship names, destination ports (usually Amsterdam and Lübeck), kind and amount of goods and prices). Item 3619 (from 1651–1668) documents the efforts by some Hanse towns (like Gdansk) to revive the Hanseatic League. A number of les relate to various aspects and kinds of trade in Pärnu: • • • • • • • • • •

3620: Peasant trade, 1687–1800s. 3621–3623: Buying up goods in the countryside, 1691–1800s. 3629–3631: Forest trade, 1703–1800s. 3632: Fish trade, 1703–1798. 3633–3635: Grain trade, 1706–1800s. 3636–3639: Livestock and meat trade, 1706–1800s. 3642: Tobacco trade, 1720–1754. 3644–3645: Annual fairs, 1703–1800s. 3646: Including customs regulations in Pärnu, 1720–1785. 3648–3649: Hemp and ax trade, 1721–1800s.

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3653–3655: Letters from the local customs ofce with respect to foreign trade and the collection of customs dues, 1727–1800s. 3675: Petitions and correspondence relating to retail trade, 1738–1745. 3677: Prices of agricultural and other commodities in Pärnu and Tallinn, 1740–1800s. 3678: Vodka and beer trade, 1740–1800s. 3681, 3686: Weights and measures, 1740–1800s. 3684–3685, 3689: Market orders, 1741–1800s. 3687: Meat and butter export, 1745–1800s. 3690: Regulating prices of forest products, 1752. 3691–3692: Litigations from merchants, 1755–1759. 3697: Forest trade, 1764–1800s. 3699: Annual fairs, 1765–1789. 3701–3703: Grain and salt prices, 1766–1784. 3705: Herring trade, 1770–1786. 3708: Sorting of hemp and ax, 1770–1800s. 3709: Building a harbour storehouse (Packhaus), 1770–1772. 3711: Flour and groats prices, 1771–1800s. 3712–3713: Weigh house, 1775–1800s. 3721: Victuals’ and grain prices, 1757–1782. 3725: Supervision over exported goods, 1785–1800.

Several items pertain to navigation and harbour construction in Pärnu: • • • • • • • • •

3913–3915: Miscellaneous documents relating to navigation, 1600s1700s. 3917: Removal of sand from shipping routes, 1731–1800s. 3919: Measuring of river ows and sea levels by Dutchmen, 1739. 3922–3924: Shipwrecks, 1742–1802. 3932: Lighthouses, 1743–1800s. 3920, 3939: Pilots at the port, 1700s. 3937: Shipbuilding, 1760–1820. 3944: Harbour maintenance, 1773–1800s. 3949: Maintenance of harbour piers, bulwarks, etc., 1798–1800s.

A number of les include petitions (items 4826–4914, from 1627–1799) to the town council regarding various matters, including trade and related topics. Letters from Riga, Leipzig, Lübeck and other towns to the Pärnu town council (items 4967–4971 dating from 1666 until 1800) mainly concern legal issues but sometimes also trade.

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Among the court les from the years 1602–1889 (items 6157–6381 cover the period 1641–1800), some deal with disputes of merchants and skippers over debts, bills of exchange, etc. (for example item 6157 relates to a dispute in 1641–1644 between the merchants C. Schade from Pärnu and C. Brinckmann from Amsterdam about the payment of a bill). Item 6985 (from 1703) concerns the seizure of goods belonging to the indebted Lübeck merchant Fr. Carol Steiner. Items 7301–7320 contain probate inventories of Pärnu town dwellers from 1702–1799. Item 7332 (from 1710–1711) contains a probate inventory of the Lübeck merchant Johann Jacob Doose. Items 9170–9174 contain minutes of the town council from the 1780s-1790s. Item 9175 consists of a burgher book from 1786. Items 9176–9183 comprise lists of Pärnu town dwellers from 1786. Items 9260–9268 contain soul revision lists from 1787–1795. Items 9720–9725 consist of regulations and instructions relating to trade in Pärnu from 1784 to 1796. Inventory 2 Items 85–105 make up the series of minutes of the town council from 1752–1800. Items 1395–1433 contain customs books of incoming and outgoing ships ((Portorium-) und Stadtzulage-Journals) together with supplements. Zulage journals are preserved for the years 1684, 1713, 1764, 1766–1782. These give notice of the names of skippers and ships, ports of origin and departure, tonnage, composition and amount of cargoes and duties paid on it. In addition, the following items are relevant: • • • • • • • •

•

1434–1435: Lists of incoming and outgoing ships, 1751–1755. 1439–1442: Customs vouchers, 1753–1758. 1443: Customs receipts, 1762. 1444–1454: Receipts on customs dues and fees charged for various port facilities (pilotage, pier, dockage), 1765–1775. 1455: Signatures of skippers to validate the volume of export cargoes, 1785. 1456: Including customs tariffs (Zulagetaxen), 1750. 1934–1938: Drafts of outgoing letters in which information on economic issues may be found, 1760–1799. 5378–5380: Rules and guidelines for sorters and measurers of ax, hemp, tobacco, herring, grain, salt, etc., and other labourers working at the port of Pärnu, 1785–1801. 5398–5426: Data on weighing fees collected at the port of Pärnu, 1711– 1800.

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Accessibility Two inventories, in German; also available at: ais.ra.ee/ais. Arhiivijuht [Archival Guide], I: Riigi-, kohtu- ja omavalitsusasutused, ed. L. Leppik (Tartu, 2003). This publication is an updated comprehensive guide (in Estonian) providing descriptions of the record groups of the administrative and judicial organs, and of the institutions for local self-government; also available online at: www.eha.ee. A general directory to major holdings: $ % '    *   +    .   % [Central State Historical Archives of the Estonian SSR. Guide], (Moscow, Tartu, 1969). A.-B. Labi, “Magistraatide dokumentaalmaterjalid Eesti NSV Riiklikus Ajaloo Keskarhiivis” [Documentary materials of city magistracies in the Central State Historical Archives of the Estonian SSR], in: Eesti NSV arhiivid. Valimik fondiülevaateid (Tallinn, 1981). The customs books of the years 1764–1782 have been published online at: www.eha.ee/raamatud/sadamaraamat/parnu.htm. Some royal ordinances as well as orders of the governor relating to overseas and local trade and shipping are available at an online database of seventeenth-century imprints at: www.eha.ee/plakatid. Record creator / provenance On the territory of present-day Pärnu (Pernau), there were initially two cities. The Pärnu River marked the border between the Ösel-Wiek Bishopric and the lands belonging to the Teutonic Order. Vana-Pärnu (Old-Pärnu) on the territory of the bishopric was rst mentioned in 1251. Vana-Pärnu was granted Riga town rights. The town council (Alt-Pernauscher Magistrat) is rst mentioned in 1412. In 1559, the town fell into the hands of the Danes. It was looted and burnt down several times during the Livonian War (1558–1582) and in 1599 it was ofcially forbidden to build any houses there. In 1318, Uue-Pärnu (New-Pärnu), established in the area of the Livonian Order, was granted Riga town rights. Uue-Pärnu belonged to the Hanseatic League. In 1582 the town fell into the hands of the Poles. In 1617, Polish domination was replaced with Swedish supremacy. During the Great Northern War (1700–1721) the town was conquered by Russians. The Riga town rights, although greatly modied over time, remained in force until 1877 (except for a short interim in 1786–1797) when they were replaced by Russian city laws. The town council (rst mentioned in 1325) was the supreme governing body in the town and exercised executive, administrative and judicial

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functions. It appointed and dismissed town ofcials; granted burghership; approved the charters (rules) of guilds; regulated prices, trade and commerce; administered judicial, religious and educational affairs; supervised lower courts, town properties and schools; and was in charge of collecting taxes and accommodating troops. The town council ceased to exist in 1878 as a governing body; as a judicial organ it was dissolved in 1889. Pärnu only gained importance as a trade centre in the eighteenth century, when it became a major export port in Estonia for grain, ax and ax seeds, hemp and forest products. Imports mainly consisted of textiles, wines and grocery products, which were traded with Russia. Pärnu’s hinterland area covered south and central Estonia. Along the Pärnu River and its by-rivers a lot of timber was rafted to the town’s sawmills, where it was cut into lumber and boards. Pärnu’s forest trade ourished from 1721 onwards and a number of ordinances issued by the governor-general pertain to this trade. The greatest exporter of forest products was Hans Diedrich Schmidt (see the description of the record group “Trading House Hans Diedrich Schmidt in Pärnu”). Copies Items 22, 34, 49, 74, 110, 113, 114, 116, 118, 126 and 127 (inventory 1) are available on microlm. Publications •

•

•

•

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Kaju, Katre, “Pernauer Zulage-Journale 1764–1782. Einige Aspekte der Schifffahrt und des Seehandels”, in: S. Kroll (ed.), Städtesystem und Urbanisierung im Ostseeraum in der Neuzeit: Demographie, Wirtschaft und Baukultur im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert (Geschichte, Forschung und Wissenschaft, 12) (Berlin, 2006). Koch, G., “Das Bürgerbuch und die Bürgerschaft Pernau’s im XVII., XVIII. und XIX. Jahrhundert”, in: Sitzungsberichte der Altertumforschenden Gesellschaft zu Pernau, Vol. 6 (Pärnu, 1911). Küng, Enn, “Pärnu metsakaubandusest 17. sajandi viimasel veerandil [Forest trade in Pärnu in the last quarter of the seventeenth century]”, in: Pärnumaa ajalugu, Vol. 3 (Pärnu, 2000), pp. 62–74. Laakmann, H., “Das Bürgerbuch von Pernau, I: 1615–1787”, in: Sitzungsberichte der Altertumforschenden Gesellschaft, Vol. 11 (Pärnu, 1936). Laakmann, H., “Das Bürgerbuch von Pernau. II: 1787–1889”, in: Sitzungsberichte der Altertumforschenden Gesellschaft, Vol. 12 (Pärnu, 1939).

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Die Nachlassverzeichnisse der Einwohner der Stadt Pernau 1702–1800 / Pärnu elanike varandusinventarid 1702–1800, ed. Raimo Pullat (Tallinn, 2005).      [A complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire], Vols. I–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830); containing the bulk of decrees and regulations regarding trade (e.g. forest trade). Provinzialrecht der Ostseegouvernements, Vol. 2 (St. Petersburg, 1845). Schmidt, Rolf Diedrich, Pernau: eine livländische Hafenstadt (Schriftenreihe der Carl-Schirren-Gesellschaft, 5) (Essen, 1986). “Über die ältesten Kirchen- und Stadtbücher in Pernau [Concerning the earliest church and municipal register books in Pärnu]”, in: Sitzungsberichte der Altertumforschenden Gesellschaft zu Pernau, 3 (1901–1903), pp. 94–99.

Pidula Manor Record group Pidula Manor Pidula mõis Reference code Period Extent

: 1730 : 1543–1914 : 181 items

Abstract The record group includes papers of the Stackelberg, Ekesparre, Toll and Güldenstubbe families (among other noble families). It comprises correspondence on private and economic matters, various certicates, ownership documents, nancial records, inventories, descriptions and maps of several manors, and soul revision lists among other papers. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1723–1800 : Estonia, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : High German, Swedish

Item 61 contains correspondence (originals and copies) from the years 1714–1725. Some letters relate to the selling of agricultural products

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abroad. Item 128 contains miscellaneous nancial documents from the period 1685–1798. There are some cashbooks of manors (items 106, 116, 119, 120, 121, 127) dating from the eighteenth century. These contain some information about the sale of grain, vodka, planks, etc. Item 122 is a cashbook of the Eikla (Euküll) Manor owner Ekesparre concerning business transactions with merchant Johan Georg Schmidt in Kuressaare (Arensburg) dating from 1775–1803. Its entries primarily relate to cash payments, much less to cash receipts (from selling grain). Accessibility Inventory (in Estonian). See also the index of personal names appearing in the inventories of the estate and personal record groups in the Estonian Historcial Archives at www.eha.ee. Record creator / provenance The lands of the Manor of Pidula (Piddul, on the island of Saaremaa (Ösel)) were granted as a ef to Joachim Sträcke by Duke Magnus in the 1570s. From 1603 to 1772 it belonged to the Stackelbergs (Kaspar and Johan von Stackelberg acquired the rst possessions in Saaremaa), thereafter to the Toll family. In 1919, the Estonian government expropriated the manor. For the Manor’s location, see also the “Kupits” map server at www. eha.ee. Publications •

Genealogisches Handbuch der baltischen Ritterschaften, Vol.: Oesel (Tartu, 1935); also available at: mdz1.bib-bvb.de/cocoon/baltlex.

Pistohlkors Family Record group Pistohlkors Family Perekond Pistohlkors Reference code : 2471 Period : 1588–1912 Extent : 205 items

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Abstract The record group chiey consists of papers relating to the Pistohlkors family members. The materials include personal and ofcial correspondence, property documents, contracts, bookkeeping documents of several manors, etc. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1760–1799 : Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Russia : High German

Items 24–26, 29 comprise letters from landlords, bailiffs and merchants to Moritz Wilhelm von Pistohlkors concerning personal and economic matters (e.g. conicts with peasants, taxes and business transactions), dating from 1762–1782. Of interest are a few letters from local traders (including the Tallinn-based spice merchant Joachim Nicolaus Wilcken), which provide data on Pistohlkors’ business contacts and transactions, such as the sale and purchase of malt, vodka, herring and salt; prices of commodities; and loans and interest rates. Item 55 contains invoices of taxes to be paid and accounts from merchants and trading houses in Estonia, 1760–1766. The latter give notice primarily of purchased goods and only rarely of sold goods. Items 56–60 contain cash documents (e.g. invoices of purchased manufactured and grocery products), and bonds (moneylenders include local merchants), 1760s-1783. Other relevant items include the following: • • • •

158: Prices (courant) and currency exchange rates on the Tallinn stock market, 1793, 1812–1814. 171: Paid obligations and invoices, 1783–1787. 172: Bills of exchange (creditors include local merchants), 1788– 1793. 173–174: Various cash documents, 1790–1799.

Accessibility Inventory, in German; also available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais. See also the index of personal names appearing in the inventories of the estate and personal record groups in the Estonian Historcial Archives at www.eha.ee.

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Record creator / provenance The noble Pistohlkors family included prominent landowners, ofcers and well-known regional politicians in the Baltic-German dominated Baltic provinces under Russian rule. The rst member of the family to settle down in Livonia (Livland, covering the south of modern-day Estonia and the north of Latvia) was Erik Pistolekors (1628–1700), an ofcer and commandant in Pärnu (Pernau). His father Jöran Olofsson, a Finnish lieutenant in the Swedish army, was ennobled as Pistolekors in 1645 (the name derives from his coat of arms depicting two crossed pistols). The grandson of Erik, Captain Moritz Wilhelm von Pistohlkors (1730– 1783), took part in the Seven Years’ War and, having got seriously wounded, returned to Estonia. In 1764 he took over the Manors of Paatsalu (Patzal), Jädivere (Jeddefer) and Illuste (Illust), the latter two of which were soon given in pawn and then fully sold to others. After buying the Manors of Kuremaa (Jensel) in central Estonia and Käru (Kerro) in north-east Estonia in 1766, and the Manor of Habaja (Habbat) in north Estonia in 1773, he rented them out. Erik himself managed the Manor of Rutikvere (Ruttigfer) in central Estonia between 1775 and 1781. The Pistohlkors family retained this Manor from 1662 until 1919, when it was expropriated by the Estonian government along with all other large estate-holdings of the nobility. For the location of the Manors, see also the map server at: www.eha. ee/kupits. Publications • • •

Genealogisches Handbuch der baltischen Ritterschaften, Vol. 1:2, Livland (Görlitz, 1929); also available at: mdz1.bib-bvb.de/cocoon/baltlex. Pistohlkors, Nicolai Woldemar von, Nachrichten ueber das adelige Geschlecht derer von Pistohlkors (St. Petersburg, 1889). Pistohlkors, Harry Nicolai von, Nachrichten über die Adelsgeschlechter Scott of Craighall, Pistolekors und von Pistohlkors (Forbushof, 1914).

Saaremaa Knighthood Record group Saaremaa Knighthood Saaremaa rüütelkond Reference code : 957 Period : 1251–1930 Extent : 2985 items

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Abstract The record group includes: charters; privileges; treaties; decrees and ordinances of rulers and high bodies; minutes of the Knighthood and its sub-organs; statutes; wills; various lists and registers; reports; noble family les; contracts; private and ofcial correspondence; bookkeeping materials; protocols of court hearings; and subject les on such topics as local self-government, church, justice, prisons, agrarian order and peasant laws, agriculture, manors, maintenance of roads and bridges, health care, schools, taxes, postal services, trade, military service, etc. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1553–1800 : Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Sweden, various countries : High German

The materials are described in two inventories, both of which are relevant. Inventory 1 Nos. 45–51 contain minute books of the Landrat of Saaremaa (Ösel), dating from 1699, 1721–1802. Topics discussed include grain export, exchange rates, lack of cash, trade rivalry with Kuressaare (Arensburg), etc. The minute books usually contain rotulus, annotations of documents bound in the volume. The minutes from 1699 as well as a selection of eighteenthcentury minutes have been published, see Poll under “Publications”. No. 250 comprises decrees and ordinances issued by rulers, from 1584–1764. This le contains a royal resolution from 1661 granting the Knighthood of Saaremaa the right to trade directly with foreign merchants, i.e. to exchange goods produced in the knights’ own manors for salt and other commodities necessary for their households. In 1666 the Knighthood negotiated the free trade issue due to the unwillingness of the town magistracy of Kuressaare to accept that right. The issue of trade rights was repeatedly dealt with in the eighteenth century too, mostly in connection with the conrmation of noble privileges. No. 251 consists of copies of instructions to envoys sent to Stockholm, St. Petersburg and elsewhere, from 1661–1767. Only the instructions from the Swedish period deal with the constant ght over free trade between the nobility and local merchants at Kuressaare. In the eighteenth century this issue seems to have lost its signicance. In addition, the problem of

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the purchase of goods in the countryside is mentioned. The le contains a rotulus. No. 1408 includes incoming and outgoing letters, from 1574–1710. Some letters pertain to trade issues such as the purchase of goods in the countryside, market orders in Kuressaare, and the rights of noblemen to trade directly with foreign merchants. Excerpts from the privileges of the nobility also mention their trade rights. No. 1409 contains incoming and outgoing letters, from 1713–1722. Letters from the year 1713 provide information on the desperate situation of the town’s trade, which suffered heavily from the Great Northern War and the devastating plague following it. The situation was further aggravated by the rivalry of local noblemen. Later in the eighteenth century, there is no more sign of the foreign trade issue in the correspondence. Inventory 2 This inventory lists the following relevant documents: • • •

443: Ordinance of the Master of the Livonian Order banning spring grain exports from territories under his authority, 1553. 446: Ordinance of the Governor of Estonia (Estland) concerning the illegal purchase of goods in the countryside (Vorkäuferei), 1652. 447: Announcement of the Governor of Estonia allowing duty-free import of grain to the northern provinces (apparently Finland), 1673.

Accessibility Two inventories, in German; no. 1 with introduction in Estonian and no. 2 with an index on personal and geographic names; also available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais. An updated comprehensive guide providing descriptions of the archives of the state administrative and judicial organs, and of institutions for local self-government and justice is: Arhiivijuht [Archival Guide], Vol. I: Riigi-, kohtu- ja omavalitsusasutused, ed. L. Leppik (Tartu, 2003), also available at: www.eha.ee. A general directory of the major holdings of the archives is: $ % '    *   +    .   % [Central State Historical Archives of the Estonian SSR. Guide] (Moscow, Tartu, 1969).

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Record creator / provenance After the German conquest in 1227, authority over Saaremaa (Ösel) was shared between the Sword Brethren (Livonian Knights) and the Ösel-Wiek bishop. As a result, a part of Saaremaa was directly ruled by the Livonian Order, the other part by the semi-independent bishopric. The principality ceased to exist in 1560 when the last bishop Johannes Münchausen sold Kuressaare (Arensburg) together with his other possessions to King Frederik II of Denmark. In 1561 the knights were disbanded and Saaremaa fell into the hands of the Danes. In accordance with the Brömsebro Peace Treaty, Saaremaa became a Swedish area. In 1721, along with the rest of Swedish Estonia, Saaremaa was ceded to Russia by the Treaty of Nystad, becoming a part of the Russian Governorate-General of Livonia (Livland). Although Saaremaa was administratively attached to Livonia, it possessed its own administrative board under the guise of a Knighthood (Öselsche Ritterschaft) in the Russian period. The origins of the Knighthood can be traced back to the sixteenth century when the position of the local nobility had become stronger and managed to create their own corporative body, developing into an institution for local self-government and justice. The Knighthood was in charge of issues such as justice, religious matters, introduction of local taxes, agrarian order, police, schools, health care, postal services, etc. The highest body of the Ritterschaft was the Diet, which assembled regularly to discuss local issues and to elect ofcials and members to its permanent executive body known as the Landrat (council). Besides its administrative functions, the Landrat also had judicial ones. This council, presided by the Head of the Knighthood, was the highest (local) institution of the landed nobility for justice in Saaremaa. The Knighthood of Saaremaa was dissolved in 1920. Publications • • • •

•

K., M. [Martin Körber], Oesel einst und jetzt. Vol. 1 (Arensburg, 1887). Oeselsche Ritterschaft: Ritterschafts-Protokolle 1699–1920 des Oeselschen Ritterschaftsarchivs, ed. Odert v. Poll (Frankfurt, 1993). Provinzialrecht der Ostseegouvernements, Vol. 2 (St. Petersburg, 1845). Seresse, Volker, Das Königs “arme weit abgelegenne Vntterthanen”: Oesel unter dänischer Herrschaft 1559/84–1613. (Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, etc., 1996). Soom, Arnold, “Kuressaare linna majandusprobleeme Rootsi ajal [The economic problems of Kuressaare during the Swedish era]”, in: Mälestusi. Artikleid (Tartu, 1996), pp. 163–215.

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Saaremaa Land Court Record group Saaremaa Land Court Saaremaa Maakohus Reference code : 968 Period : 1694–1889 Extent : 4300 items Abstract The record group contains minutes of the court proceedings, court decisions, letters received and sent, notices, books of mortgages, court les, journals, copies of various documents, journals of notarial acts, registers, bookkeeping documents and inventories among other papers. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1728–1799 : Estonia, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands : High German

The series of court les and decisions include several items relating to claims of local and foreign merchants (e.g. from Amsterdam and Lübeck), illicit export of grain (item 470), and the looting of wrecked ships. There is also a court le concerning the Great (merchant) Guild of Kuressaare (Arensburg). Accessibility Inventory, chiey in German and partly in Estonian, with an introduction in Estonian and chronological, thematic, and personal names indexes; also available at: www.ais.ra.ee/ais. Arhiivijuht. I. Riigi-, kohtu- ja omavalitsuasutused [Archival guide] (Tartu, 2003). This is an updated comprehensive guide to the holdings of the Estonian Historical Archives, providing descriptions of the record groups of administrative and judicial organs, and of institutions for local selfgovernment.

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Record creator / provenance The land court of Saaremaa (Öselsches Landgericht) was established in the late seventeenth century on the basis of two ordinances from 1630 and 1632 initiating court reform in the province of Livonia (Livland). In every district (Kreis), there was one court. It had jurisdiction over inhabitants of all social estates in the respective district. It was the rst level court in all civil and criminal cases, except for suits of peasants against their landlords. A judge (Landrichter) chaired the court and he chose two assessors. One could appeal against its judgements to the vicegerent or governor-general, in criminal cases to the Tartu Court of Appeal (Hofgericht). Until 1694, its judgements in criminal cases had to be approved by the Tartu Court of Appeal. The land court performed both administrative and judicial functions. It appointed a number of ofcials, audited the district revenue ofce, supervised lawyers, and dealt with debts, border disputes, ghts, witchcraft, robberies, etc. After Livonia had fallen into the hands of Russians during the Great Northern War (1700–1721), the land courts continued to function and retained the same competence largely until 1889 (except for a short interim in the period 1783–1797). The land court was dissolved in 1889. Publications Laws regulating the activties of the Land Court are included in two collections: • •

Provinzialrecht der Ostseegouvernements, Vol. 1 (St. Petersburg, 1845). Sammlung der Gesetze, welche das heutige livländische Landrecht enthalten, kritisch bearbeitet, Vol. 2, part 1 (Riga, 1821), pp. 13–26, 95–116.

Sagadi Manor Record group Sagadi Manor Sagadi mõis Reference code Period Extent

: 1324 : 1670–1933 : 624 items

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Abstract These papers document many of the activities of the Fock family members (e.g. Eduard von Fock (1798–1884) as the secretary of the Estland Knighthood and president of the supreme land court) and of the organisations and institutions they were involved in, especially during the nineteenth century. The documentation includes materials relating to private matters, manors and professional careers as ofcers and ofcials: correspondence, photos, diaries, certicates, maps and plans, property documents, deeds, inventories, nancial records and led papers. There are also materials concerning peasants and the Sagadi community (vald ), and the Dome church in Tallinn (Reval). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1691–1800 : Estonia, Russia : High German

Relevant items include the following: •

•

• • •

66: Account book of forest products sold to Tallinn (Reval), containing data on the amount of timber, receivers’ names, money received, etc., 1751–1826. 296–299: Account books of manors, occasionally mentioning receipts (credit) from various persons (including merchants), sums of money, etc., 1691–1710. 310–312: Account book of income from the production of vodka, 1767–1785. 373: Annotationsbuch of the Tallinn merchant Carl Nicolaus Hetling, 1760–1770. 375: Bills of exchange, 1773–1824.

Accessibility Inventory in German, with a short introduction in Russian; also available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais. See also the index of personal names appearing in the inventories of the estate and personal record groups in the Estonian Historical Archives at: www.eha.ee.

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Record creator / provenance In the fteenth century, the Manor of Sagadi (Saggad) in Virumaa (Wierland) (for its location see: www.eha.ee/kupits) was in the possession of the Riesbyterns as a ef. It is rst mentioned in 1469. In 1517 it was bought by Marcus von der Berge. During the next two centuries it changed hands several times before it was bought in 1684 by an ofcer in the Swedish army, Gideon von Fock (1625–1710), son of Hans Fock (1575–1640), a member of the Narva council. Gideon von Fock was ennobled in 1651. The Fock family held a number of other land possessions in Estonia, including Avanduse (Awandus), Kavastu (Kawast), Tapa (Taps) and Võivere (Woibifer). The Sagadi Manor remained in the hands of the Focks until 1919, when it was expropriated by the Estonian government. Related materials •

Sagadi Manor Papers (Sagadi mõisa kirjakogu), Estonian History Museum, Tallinn (reference code: 41).

Publications •

Genealogisches Handbuch der baltischen Ritterschaften, Vol. 2:2, Estland (Görlitz, 1930); also available at: mdz1.bib-bvb.de/cocoon/baltle.

Schilling Family, Manor Owners in Estonia and Courland Record group Schilling Family, Manor Owners in Estonia and Courland Perekond Schilling, Eesti- ja Kuramaa mõisnikud Reference code : 2041 Period : 1478–1934 Extent : 188 items Abstract This record group contains material relating to several manors as well as to the personal lives and professional careers (as ofcers) of their owners and others: biographic documents, correspondence, nancial records, ownership documents, contracts, maps and led papers, among other records. In addition to the papers of the Schilling family, the materials include documents concerning other families they were related to.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1700–1763 : Estonia, the Netherlands, various countries : High German

Among scattered les with miscellaneous nancial records, the following items are relevant: •

•

120: Financial documents (primarily bills of exchange), 1652–1763, including Herman Adrian Römer’s debt to the merchant Cornelius von zur Mühlen at Tallinn. 132: Financial documents of Albrecht Blanckenhagen, primarily receipts from the years 1700–1707, which include, for example, a costs calculus (various customs fees, etc.) of shipping his rye to Amsterdam, signed by the Tallinn merchant Herman Clayhills in 1700.

Accessibility Inventory. An index of personal names appearing in the inventories of the estate and personal record groups of the Estonian Historical Archives is available at: www.eha.ee. Record creator / provenance The noble Schilling family moved to Estonia (Estland) from Courland (Kurland). Karl Gebhard von Schilling (1719–1779) began his service in the Russian army as a soldier and left it as a major general. Through his marriage with Helene Charlotte (widow of Hermann Adrian von Römer, c. 1700–1756), he acquired the Manors of Müüsleri (Seinigal) and Orina (Orgena) in Järvamaa (Jerwen) and his name was entered in the peerage roll of the Estland Knighthood. In the seventeenth century the Manor of Müüsleri belonged to the Tallinn (Reval) council member Coord Meuseler. His daughter Anna married captain Albrecht Blanckenhagen and after her death the Manor came into the hands of their daughter Anna Justina, the rst wife of Hermann Adrian von Römer. Publications •

Genealogisches Handbuch der baltischen Ritterschaften, Vol. 2:3, Estland (Görlitz, 1930); also available at: mdz1.bib-bvb.de/cocoon/baltlex.

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Schilling, Erich Baron, Der Grossgrundbesitz der Barone Schilling in Estland (Cologne, 1962). Schilling, Erich Baron, Die Estländischen Barone Schilling (printed manuscript) (1968).

Schmidt Family Record group Schmidt Family Perekond Schmidt Reference code Period Extent

: 3811 : 1756–1845 : 88 items

Abstract The record group comprises travel passports, diaries and other biographic papers; inheritance documents; business and personal correspondence; and business records. Several les concern debt claims on burghers and noblemen. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1756–1809 : Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, the Netherlands, various countries : French, High German

The record group consists of several sections, all concerning individual family members. The following sections contain relevant items: CHRISTIAN JOACHIM SCHMIDT • • • •

1: Diary with entries on private and business matters, travels, etc., 1756–1764. 5: Letters received from family members and business partners on private and business matters, 1756–1809. 6: Copies relating to the acquisition of Lübeck burgher rights, 1782. 17–19: General ledgers, including names of business partners, amount and price of commodities, etc., 1764–1794.

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20–25: Memorials, 1766–1809. 26–27: Cash expenditures journal, 1787–1806.

CHRISTIAN JOACHIM SCHMIDT JUNIOR •

63–65: Monthly balances of the trading house Schmidt & Plessing in Lübeck, 1798.

CASPAR DAVID SCHMIDT •

87: Memorial, 1793–1799.

Accessibility Inventory, in German; also available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais. A database called “register of personal names appearing in the inventories of personal and estate fonds of the Estonian Historical Archives” is available at: www.eha.ee. Record creator / provenance Several members of the Schmidt family were leading merchants in Pärnu (Pernau). Hans Diedrich Schmidt (1714–1788), a council member and the founder of a trading house in Pärnu, was born in Neustadt (Holstein). In 1728 he moved to Pärnu. In 1736 he started a smaller business venture of his own, which grew into a trading house in 1741. His son Christian Joachim was a merchant in Pärnu and enjoyed Lübeck burghership from 1782. Caspar David (1772–1821), a grandson of Hans Diedrich Schmidt, was a merchant and shipowner in Pärnu. He owned the trading house Hans Diedrich Schmidt (from 1766 on referred to as “Hans Diedrich Schmidt & Sohn”). The trading house mainly exported ax, ax and hemp seeds, forest products and grain to western and central Europe, and imported various goods (textiles, wines, salt, etc) from there. The company established its rst sawmill in 1745 to be followed by some more later on. In 1794, the trading house bought its rst sailing ship. Under Caspar David (since 1807) the emphasis shifted on commission and wine trade and shipping business. Christian Joachim Junior (1770–1829), a son of Hans Diedrich Schmidt Junior, was a merchant in Lübeck and St. Petersburg. Related materials •

Trading House Hans Diedrich Schmidt in Pärnu (Kaubamaja “Hans Diedrich Schmidt” Pärnus, reference code: 3340).

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Publications • •

Lenz, Wilhelm (ed.), Deutschbaltisches biographisches Lexikon 1710– 1960 (Wedemark, 1998). Schmidt, Rolf Diedrich, Pernau. Eine livländische Hafenstadt (Essen, 1986).

Sutthoff Family Record group Sutthoff Family Perekond Sutthoff Reference code Period Extent

: 3249 : 1699–1903 : 88 items

Abstract The record group chiey contains material relating to the personal lives and professional careers (as merchants) of the Sutthoffs: biographic documents, correspondence, business records, ownership documents, contracts, manuscripts, various imprints (e.g. an overview of monetary units used in Russia in 1700–1831), photos, etc. The bulk dates from the nineteenth century. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1763–1800 : Estonia, Germany, Russia, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, High German

Item 4 is a sketch of a rope-yard dating from 1766. Item 38 includes miscellaneous nancial documents concerning Carl Sutthoff ’s woodworking and sawing industries in Narva (using raw material from Russia), and his trade in wood products, dating from the years 1786–1866. These documents list names of Russian merchants and their places of origin, as well as the quantities of wood sold to Sutthoff with diametres and lengths of logs. Occasionally the type of timber is indicated too. There are also some receipts of the export of wood products, specifying the amount of wood and the destination (including England and the Netherlands).

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Items 84–86 chiey contain missives (copies of outgoing letters) from the period 1763–1792. As the missives do not mention the names of their authors, one cannot be entirely sure that these were written by the Sutthoffs. The letters are mainly in Dutch and deal with the trade in wood and wood products. They provide information on the amount and prices of wood products, freight costs, logistics, activities of brokers, etc. Besides the export of wood and wood products, other trade issues like the import of salt are mentioned. These materials make up a complete set of copies of outgoing business correspondence, which shed light on forest trade developments. Accessibility Inventory (in Estonian); also available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais. Record creator / provenance Various members of the Sutthoff family were famous merchants and town aldermen in Narva. The founder of the family, Lorentz Sutthoff (born in 1669 at Lübeck) moved to Narva around 1692 and settled there as a merchant. He was granted burghership in 1694. Having spent the Great Nordic War years in St. Petersburg, he returned to Narva in 1719 and became an alderman in 1720. He died in 1736. There were two branches of the Sutthoff family in Narva whose business blossomed in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Among the family members were also eight town aldermen. They were mainly engaged in forest trade. Trade contacts were established in the north-west Russian hinterland and western European countries (including the Netherlands). Related materials Besides the archives of the Sutthoff family, the record group of the Nummers Family in the Estonian Historical Archives (reference code: 3253) contains a few documents pertaining to trade in Narva. Two brothers, Levin and Lorenz Nummers (originating from Lübeck), were important merchants in Narva in the seventeenth century, who earned their income from the transit trade between Russia and western Europe. Item 4 includes documents pertaining to an inheritance lawsuit between Levin Nummers and the heirs of Claus von Westerhoff, a merchant at Amsterdam. Among miscellaneous papers concerning the activities of Lorenz von Nummers, item 5 contains a document dealing with the trading rights and rules in Narva in the midseventeenth century.

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Publications • •

• •

Erpenbeck, Dirk-Gerd, “Der Magistrat Narva in russischer Zeit (1704– 1861)”, in: Ostdeutsche Familienkunde, 1 (1990), pp. 162–209. Erpenbeck, Dirk-Gerd, and Enn Küng, Narvaer Bürger- und Einwohnerbuch 1581–1704 (Veröffentlichungen der Forschungsstelle Ostmitteleuropa an der Universität Dortmund, Series B, Vol. 64) (Dortmund, 2000). Hansen, Heinrich Johann, Geschichte der Stadt Narva (Tartu, 1858). “Nachrichten von der Sutthoffschen Familie” (manuscript, available at the Genealogical Archives in Darmstadt).

Swedish Governor-General of Estland Record group Swedish Governor-General of Estland Eestimaa rootsiaegne kindralkuberner Reference code :1 Period : 1561–1710 Extent : 1350 items Abstract Among other papers, the records of the Swedish Governor-General of Estonia (Estland) include royal rescripts and letters; ordinances and orders of local authorities; treaties; protocols of the (general) government administration; les on religious, scal, judicial, economic and military affairs and administrative matters of the province; correspondence with the monarch, collegiums, ofcials and private persons; muster rolls; and nancial records. There is also a sub-collection of maps and cadastral plans with their description books. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1609–1709 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, English, High German, Russian, Swedish

The materials are described in two inventories, the second of which is relevant.

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Inventory 2 Items 32–36 contain royal decrees as well as ordinances of the GovernorGeneral (printed), dating from 1638–1709. A number of them pertain to trade, shipping, customs regulations, weights and measures, money circulation, international relations and other relevant topics. Only a very few subject les (Akten) pertain to overseas trade and related issues. Almost all record series, however, occasionally give information on trade issues, for instance the correspondence with collegiums in Stockholm (items 154 and 155, dating from 1633–1709). Items 310–742 make up the series of petitions and letters (Akte in Klageund Suppliksachen) addressed to the Governor(-General), dating from 1589–1710. In these materials one may occasionally come across petitions regarding trade and shipping. The same applies to the correspondence (items 156–309). Trade-related topics include shipwrecks and looting, illegal trade taking place outside towns (Vorkäuferei) or conducted by non-burghers, weights and measures, etc. As the Governor-General of Estonia had to implement Sweden’s national economic policy to get Russian overseas trade back to the Baltic Sea, conicts arose between the central authorities and the towns. The Governor-General, being in charge of promoting measures to ensure the development of trade, was forced, however, to put a temporary ban on grain export and to restrict trade with countries at war with Sweden on several occasions. Some volumes of incoming letters include registers of letter authors. Item 750 includes drafts of travel passports issued to Tallinn and Russian merchants, dating from 1648–1699. Item 763 pertains to the shipwreck of the St. Johannes on the coast of north Estonia in 1696. The case does not relate merely to plunder of a merchant ship, but to international trade relations as well, since the ship carried English and Armenian goods, and the central authorities in Sweden accused the coastal peasants of disrupting state efforts to get trade from the White Sea (Archangel) back to the Baltic Sea. Items 764–776 make up the sub-series of Tallinn (Reval) customs books (Pfundzollbücher), dating from 1609, 1620–1639. The customs books record ships visiting Tallinn, names of shipowners, kind and amount of imported and exported goods, customs duties paid, etc. Detailed information about overseas trade is also to be found in the account books (and their supplements) of the Governor-General’s ofce (items 777–866, 1637–1699). The account books include the list of ships visiting the port of Tallinn and the sum of various customs tariffs (Portorium, Lizent) paid by each to the state. There are also accounts of the Tallinn customs ofce (Lizentkammer) from the 1640s (items 877–881). Item 881 contains data on customs duties collected in other ports on the north coast

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of Estonia in 1648. The Estonian nobility sought to export grain through these small ports and, in this way, circumvent the merchants at Tallinn. The map collection does not contain any sea charts, but some maps show land roads, coastlines, etc. The following items are relevant: •

• • •

II–7: Map of the Pakri (Rogerwiek) Islands, originally drawn in 1697, depicting the harbour of Paldiski (Baltischport, constructed in the 1760s), added on the map in the eighteenth or nineteenth century. III–1, 2: Maps of Tallinn and its surroundings, depicting land routes to Tallinn, and the location and road to the town’s harbour, 1688, 1689. IV–1: Map of the islands off the west coast of Estonia, undated (probably late seventeenth century). IV–2: Map of Hiiumaa (Dagö), late seventeenth century.

Accessibility Two inventories, in German; also available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais. Katalog des estländischen Generalgouverneursarchivs aus der schwedischen Zeit / Eestimaa Rootsiaegse kindralkuberneri arhiivi kataloog, Vols. I–II (Eesti Riigi Keskarhiivi toimetised, 3–4) (Tartu, 1935–1936), with personal and geographical names indexes. Royal decrees as well as ordinances of the Governor-General are available online in the database of the seventeenth-century imprints in the Estonian Historical Archives at: www.eha.ee/plakatid. Register of the maps in the Estonian Historical Archives, available online at: www.eha.ee. An updated comprehensive guide providing descriptions of the state administrative and judicial organs, and of institutions for local self-government and justice: Arhiivijuht [Archival Guide], I. Riigi-, kohtu- ja omavalitsusasutused, ed. L. Leppik (Tartu, 2003); also available online at: www.eha.ee. A general directory of the major holdings of the archives: $ % '    *   +    .   % [Central State Historical Archives of the Estonian SSR. Guide] (Moscow, Tartu, 1969). Record creator / provenance The Governor-General was the representative of the Swedish monarch in the province of Estonia (Estland, modern-day north Estonia except for Narva). The (general-)government of this province, with its centre at Tallinn, was established in 1561. The Governor-General was appointed by the Swedish monarch and his duties were regulated by special instructions from the ruler.

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The Governor-General, the highest local executive ofcial and military authority, was in charge of the internal order of the province and had to take care of its overall security as well. He was responsible for the proper working of the administrative organisation of the government. He ran dayto-day affairs of the province, appointed and dismissed higher ofcials, supervised tax collection and administered schools and religious affairs. The Governor-General was responsible for improving trade, local roads and bridge conditions as well as for the postal service system. He was in charge of recruiting troops and maintaining the garrisons and fortications. Besides that, he supervised the courts. The ofce was abolished after the province of Estonia had been united with Russia in 1710. Visually attractive The materials include four manuscript maps of the Estonian coastline and islands. Related materials • •

Riksarkivet (National Archives of Sweden at Stockholm): Livonica-Sammlingen. Latvia State Historical Archives: the record group with reference code 7349, includes, for instance, description books of cadastral plans.

Publications •

• •

•

•

Almquist, J.A., Den civila lokalförvaltningen i Sverge 1523–1630, (Meddelanden från Svenska riksarkivet, New Series, II:6, Vol. 2) (Stockholm, 1920–1922). Fries, E., “Erik Oxenstierna såsom Estlands guvernör 1646–1653”, in: Historisk Tidskrift (1885), pp. 297–344. Küng, Enn, “Svenska tidens avspeling I det Estniska historiska arkivet. Arkiv rörande Estland, Livland och Ingermanland”, in: Arkiv, samhälle och forskning, 2 (1996), pp. 79–95.  , ., “! "     #$  %% 

% % . '  [Sources of the Swedish History in the Archives and Library Repositories in Tartu]”, in: a  , 1 (Tartu, 1956), pp. 216–225. Schulmann, W. von, Die Zivile Staatsbeamtenschaft in Estland zur schwedischen Zeit (1561–1710) (Tartu, Posen, 1939).

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Swedish Governor-General of Livland Record group Swedish Governor-General of Livland Liivimaa Rootsiaegne Kindralkuberner Reference code : 278 Period : 1570–1710 Extent : 1325 items Abstract The records of the Swedish governor-general of Livonia (Livland) include royal prescripts and letters, decrees and orders of local authorities, treatises, les on religious, scal, judicial, economic and military affairs and administrative matters of the province, correspondence with the king, ofcials and private persons, muster rolls, and nancial records among other papers. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1612–1710 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, High German, Polish, Russian, Swedish, various languages

Items XVI–1 to XVI–64 (inventory no. 1) (288 items) and items 180 to 211 (inventory no. 2), dating from the years 1636–1709, make up the series of petitions and letters (Akte in Klage- und Suppliksachen) addressed to the governor(-general). In these materials one may occasionally come across the petitions regarding trade and shipping (for instance disputes of the Riga merchants with those from Amsterdam and Hamburg, export of Lithuanian, Belarussian and Polish forest products and grain passing through Riga; the Pärnu-Viljandi (Fellin)-Tartu-Pskov (Pleskau) water route; various customs tariffs and taxes (excise) in Riga; data on exports and imports passing through Riga, 1685–1686; Swedish-Russian negotiations, 1684 (for instance original letters of the Tsar); trade privileges of Riga; problems of merchants at Riga in Pskov and Novgorod; shipwrecks; etc.). The same applies to the correspondence dating from 1634–1710 (inventory no. 1, items XVIII–1 to XX–31, in total 89 les) and petitions of military men and private persons (items XVII–26b to XVII–58).

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General ledgers and journals cover the period 1632–1696 (with gaps) (66 items) and (special) account books cover the period 1638–1694. These records contain data on the state’s yearly expenses and revenues (also from trade). More detailed information about overseas trade is to be found in the account books of the Lizentkammer (customs ofce) (1638–1704, with gaps) (inventory no. 1, items XXII–139 to XXII–160) and the customs books of early seventeenth-century Narva (items XXIV–68a to XXIV–72). The account books of the Lizentkammer include the list of ships visiting the harbours and the sum of various tariffs paid by each of them to the state. The customs books provide data on ships visiting the harbours, the kind and amount of imported and exported goods, etc. The following items in inventory no. 2 are also relevant: • • • •

40: Containing freight contracts, 1694–1695. 51: Concerns the shipwreck of the vessel of the skipper Berend Gertze, 1699–1706. 55: Concerning weights and measures, 1700–1701. 96: Including accounts of shipments, 1668–1669.

Accessibility Two inventories, partly in German, partly in Swedish. Bienemann, F., Katalog des Schwedischen Generalgouverneur-Archivs zu Riga [Catalogue of the Swedish governors-general archives in Riga] (Riga, 1908). A special IDC microche edition of this publication with a preface and marginal annotations has been compiled by Patricia K. Grimsted (Zug, 1980). An updated comprehensive guide providing descriptions of the state administrative and judicial organs, and of institutions for local self-government and justice: Arhiivijuht [Archival Guide], I. Riigi-, kohtu- ja omavalitsusasutused, ed. L. Leppik (Tartu, 2003). A general directory of the major holdings of the archives: $ % '    *   +    .   % [Central State Historical Archives of the Estonian SSR. Guide] (Moscow, Tartu, 1969). A royal ordinance relating to the Great Sea Customs Ofce is available at the online database of seventeenth-century imprints at: www.eha. ee/plakatid.

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Record creator / provenance The governor-general was the representative of the Swedish monarch in the province of Livonia (more or less covering the south of modern-day Estonia and the north of modern-day Latvia, known as Vidzeme). The general government of the province was established in 1629 and consisted of Livonia (Livland), Ingria and Käkisalmi (Kexholm). In 1642, Ingria was separated from the province, whereas the County of Pärnu, which had been part of the general government of Estonia, was united with Livonia. The governor-general was appointed by the monarch and his duties were regulated by special instructions from the ruler. Between 1629 and 1632 he resided in Tartu, thereafter in Riga. The governor-general, the highest local executive ofcial and military authority, was in charge of the internal order in the border province and had to take care of its overall security as well. Initially, he also had to check the privileges of the local nobility as well as their ownership rights on landed estates, to supervise the fullling of the military service (Rossdienst), and carry through land taxation (Hakenrevision). The governor-general was responsible for the proper working of the administrative organisation of the government. He ran day-to-day affairs of the province, appointed and dismissed higher ofcials, supervised tax collection, and administered schools and religious affairs. He was responsible for improving local road and bridge conditions as well as the postal service system. He was in charge of recruiting troops and maintaining the garrisons and fortications. He also had to keep an eye on military and political developments in bordering areas. Besides that, he supervised the courts. The ofce was abolished after the province of Livonia had been united with Russia in 1710. Custodial history During the Great Northern War (1700–1721) the archives of the governor-general were evacuated to Stockholm. The majority of the les were later transferred to Russia but part of the archives is still preserved at the Riksarkivet in Stockholm (Livonica-collection). The records from the province of Livonia (Livland) during the Swedish period were stored in Riga. In 1914 the records were evacuated to Riazan and after the end of the First World War, in 1920, deposited in Tartu. From 1920 to 1944, the archives of the Swedish governors-general in Riga remained in the Estonian Historical Archives. In Tartu, some records relating to Estonia and more specically Tallinn (mostly nancial records) were included in the archives of the Swedish governors-general of Estonia (Estland) (record group no. 1).

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In 1944, the retreating German troops tried to remove a number of the archival holdings from Tartu, including major portions of the records from the above-mentioned record group, but the records were recaptured by Soviet troops. During their return journey in 1946, the materials were claimed by the government of Latvia. As a result, the les are split between the Estonian Historical Archives and Latvian State Historical Archives. Related materials • •

Latvian State Historical Archives (Riga): Ofce of the Governor-General of Livland (reference code: 7349). National Archives of Sweden (Stockholm): Livonica-Sammlingen (royal letters, registers, drafts, etc.).

Publications • • •

•

Almquist, J.A., Den civila lokalförvaltningen i Sverige 1523–1630, Vol. II (Stockholm, 1920–1922). [Bienemann, F.], “Über das ’Schwedische Archiv’ in Riga”, in: Baltische Monatsschrift, 62 (1906), pp. 207–222. Liljedahl, R., “Einige Bemerkungen über das Archivmaterial zu SkytteZeit”, in: Sitzungsberichte der Gelehrten Estnischen Gesellschaft 1929 (1931), pp. 1–18.  , ., “! "     #$  %% 

% % . '  [Sources of the Swedish History in the Archives and Library Repositories in Tartu]”, in:   , 1 (Tartu, 1956), pp. 216–225.

Tallinn Castle Court Record group Tallinn Castle Court Tallinna linnusekohus Reference code :2 Period : 1599–1710 Extent : 2299 items

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Abstract The record group comprises excerpts from legal acts and copies of royal and other letters concerning appointments and dismissals of ofcials, privileges and other issues. There are also minutes of the court proceedings, correspondence les, and criminal and civil case les. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1622–1708 : Estonia, Finland, Germany, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Swedish

Minutes of the court proceedings from the years 1622–1710, correspondence and court les from the years 1597–1710 all pertain to various matters, e.g. claims by merchants, shing rights, sale and purchase contracts, paying freights (inventory no. 2, item 641) and bills (items 1334, 1523), ownership rights of vessels (item 1103), illegal purchase of merchandise in the countryside (item 1617). A number of court les relate to shipwrecking and looting on the isles and the north and north-west coast of Estonia (inventory no. 1, items 74–75, from the years 1666–1667 and 1696–1697; and inventory no. 2, items 968, 1115, 1410, 1595, 1696, 1743, 2049 from the years 1690–1708). Occasionally, the les also contain lists of cargoes. Item 39 (inventory no. 1) contains some excerpts from minutes and ofcial letters on matters of trade from the period 1645–1698. Item 85 (inventory no. 1) includes an excerpt from the minutes of the Tallinn town council concerning a claim for payment submitted by an Amsterdam merchant in 1633. Accessibility Two complementary inventories, in German. Katalog des estländischen Generalgouverneursarchivs aus der Schwedischen Zeit (Eesti Riigi Keskarhiivi toimetised, 2), containing biographic and geographic indexes. Arhiivijuht, I, Riigi-, kohtu- ja omavalitsuasutused [Archival Guide] (Tartu, 2003), containing an updated comprehensive guide to the holdings of the Estonian Historical Archives, providing descriptions of the records of state and judicial organs, and of institutions for local self-government.

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Record creator / provenance The Castle Court was a state-run court at Tallinn (Reval) in the seventeenth century. The vicegerent of Tallinn chaired the court. It had jurisdiction over ofcials, military men and nobles to whom the state had granted land donations, as well as over Tallinn’s upper town, which belonged to the Toompea (Domberg) castle. (Tallinn’s lower town was administrated by the city council.) The governor (-general) supervised its operations. One could appeal against its judgements at the Svea Court of Appeal (Svea hovrätt) in Sweden. The castle court was dissolved in 1710.

Trading Company “Thomas Clayhills & Son” Record group Trading Company “Thomas Clayhills & Son” Ekspeditsiooni
: 1697–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : English, High German, Russian

General ledgers cover the period 1698–1941 (items 1–17 concern the period until 1800) and include data on the geographic range of business contacts (London, York, Newcastle, Amsterdam, Hamburg, Lübeck, the Baltic provinces), business partners and the contents of deals made with them. The

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company expanded its business contacts in the eighteenth century; direct contacts were developed with Russian cities and trade with western Europe intensied. Journals from 1715–1939 (items 65–80 until 1800) for the most part repeat the information provided by general ledgers. Memorials from 1716–1939 (items 138–172 until 1800) contain notes taken before concluding business transactions. Items 252–261 (neat copies, 1744–1800) and 319–321 (draft copies, 1794–1800) make up the series of cashbooks (1744–1941). There are also loan books (1732–1855), copybooks of bills (1786–1941), calculation books (1786–1915), current accounts (Kontokorrenten) (1776–1828), books on business costs (1789–1927) and post costs (1731–1827). Books on incoming goods cover the period 1775–1930s. Items 691–692 (until 1800) provide data on all goods (salt, herring, vodka, wine, ax, hemp and hemp seeds, coal, sugar, grain), items 789–792 pertain only to grain bought up all over Estonia, Livonia and Russia (besides this, they contain data on grain prices in West Europe). Books on the loading (item 962, 1783–1839) and unloading (item 957, 1775–1782) of vessels in the port of Tallinn cover the period 1775–1915. They contain data on both the vessels (port of departure, etc.) and the goods carried by them (kind, amount, prices, and customs charges paid). There are copies of invoices (item 969, 1716–1723) (series continuing until 1917). There are also nancial reports and balances (1745–1938); items 1241–1242 include balance sheets from the eighteenth century. Incoming letters as well as copies of sent letters are available for the period 1697–1939. Items 2557a, 2559–2648 make up copybooks of sent letters with alphabetic indexes (1709–1800). Item 2558 contains copies (1697–1702) and items 1629–1637 (1716–1799) originals of incoming letters. They speak about the sale and purchase of goods, monetary transactions, transportation of goods, shipping, market situation, daily commercial activities, and other issues. The record group also comprises some tiny collections of other merchants: i.e. Hermann Poorten from Narva (a copybook of invoices from 1699–1706, an account book from 1701–1703; items 6042–6044 contain copies of sent letters from 1700–1701), and a Lübeck merchant (item 6046 conists of an account book from 1750). Finally, the records include two handbooks on commerce: Eröffnete Akademie der Kau!eute, I–IV (1767–1768) and Waaren-Lexicon (1797). Accessibility Inventory, with introduction (in Estonian); also available online at: ais. ra.ee/ais.

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Record creator / provenance The company was established around 1633 by a Tallinn (Reval) merchant, Thomas von Drenteln. After his death the company was left to the Clayhills family, which originated from Scotland. Thomas Clayhills was born as a merchant’s son in 1626 and moved to Gdansk and further on to Riga around 1639. His sons, Johann, Thomas and Hermann, moved to Tallinn. Johann Clayhills, who obtained burghership of Tallinn in 1684, married the daughter of Thomas von Drenteln and inherited the company of his fatherin-law. His son Thomas Clayhills, the mayor (Bürgermeister) of the town, left the company to his son Hermann Johann Clayhills (1719–1770), who gave the company its name “Thomas Clayhills & Son”. After the death of Hermann Johann Clayhills, the company went into the hands of his widow’s relatives, the Girard family, originating from Oldenburg. It remained in the possession of the Girards (since 1862 ennobled as Girard de Soucanton) until the early twentieth century. In the late eighteenth century, the company bought its rst ships. It imported mostly salt, iron, herring, codsh, tobacco, hops, etc. and exported ax, grain and timber products, later also asbestos and cement. It developed close business contacts with several towns in Germany (Hamburg, Lübeck), Denmark (Copenhagen), England (Liverpool) and Russia (Moscow, St. Petersburg). The business continued to grow and extend its scope. In the nineteenth century, a cement factory was set up in Kunda, and an oil-shale mine in Ubja (Uppia) and a gypsum mine in Irboska (Izborsk) were bought. The company made investments in many of the most important industries both in Estonia and Russia. The company was nationalised by the Soviets in 1940/1941.

Trading House “Hans Diedrich Schmidt” in Pärnu Record group Trading House “Hans Diedrich Schmidt” in Pärnu Kaubamaja “Hans Diedrich Schmidt” Pärnus Reference code : 3340 Period : 1730–1940 Extent : 6748 items

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Abstract The materials of the trading house chiey consist of business records. There are also a number of personal papers of its partners as well as some materials of the Portuguese, Belgian, Swedish-Norwegian, Prussian and German consulates situated in the town of Pärnu (on the coast in the south-east of modern-day Estonia). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1730–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, English, Russian

General ledgers (items 1–12) constitute the trading house accounting heart. These summarise its nancial status and nancial transactions as they show the names of business partners and contents of the deals. Closely related materials to the general ledgers are journals (items 27–32) and ledgers (Reskontros) (item 261). Memorials (items 53–82) contain notes taken before concluding business transactions. Books about loading and unloading vessels (items 638–645) contain data both on the vessels (their port of departure, etc.) and the goods carried by these (kind, amount, prices and customs charges paid). Registries of incoming and outgoing goods (items 428–455, 510–528) and records of goods purchased and sold (items 831–937) contain the names of business partners, the amount of goods and other information. An analysis book (item 628) covering the period 1794–1807 concerns mainly the purchase of ax from the trading house’s customers. The whole range of business activities of the trading house is documented by store ledgers (items 573–583), copies of invoices and contracts (with merchants, skippers, etc.) (items 671–696), balance sheets (items 1150–1151), a report on imported and exported goods (from Riga to Pärnu and the other way round), miscellaneous cash documents, account books, various contracts (items 1441–1443), freight letters of ships (items 1501–1523), copybooks of sent letters (items 5018–5077), inventory books of the wine store (items 5723–5725), materials about the sawmills and brick factory (items 5574–5587), and thousands of volumes of correspondence with business partners in the Baltic region and beyond covering the period 1741–1936 (records are arranged geographically and chronologically). The record group also includes ledgers of shipmasters (Reskontros), les on ship accidents, transportation, claims for compensation, as well as market reports from Riga, Amsterdam, Hamburg and Lübeck.

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Accessibility Inventory (in Estonian); also available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais. Record creator / provenance Hans Diedrich Schmidt, the founder of the trading house, was born in Neustadt, in Holstein, in 1714. In 1728 he moved to Pärnu. In 1736 he started a smaller business venture of his own, which grew into a trading house in 1741. He set up trade contacts with English, German and French rms. The trading house mainly exported ax, ax and hemp seeds, timber and grain to western and central Europe, and imported goods (various textiles, wines, etc.) from there. The imported goods were also sold in other Baltic towns and in Russia (mostly in Moscow). The trading house established its rst sawmill in 1745, to be followed by a few more later on. In the nineteenth century an oil, varnish and colour factory was established. In 1794, the trading house bought its rst sailing ship. The sailing ships of the trading house shipped both goods and post across the Baltic Sea. In the 1800s the sailing ships were gradually replaced by steamboats. In the late nineteenth century the trading house also conducted the ferry service between Pärnu and Riga. The trading house was nationalised in 1940. Related materials •

Schmidt Family (Perekond Schmidt, reference code: 3811).

Trading House “Jacob Jacke & Co” in Pärnu Record group Trading House “Jacob Jacke & Co” in Pärnu Kaubamaja “Jacob Jacke & Co” Pärnus Reference code : 3339 Period : 1734–1940 Extent : 5614 items Abstract The materials chiey consist of records of business operations and transactions of the trading house, located in the town of Pärnu (on the coast in the south-east of modern-day Estonia). Besides that, the materials include a number of personal papers of its owners.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1734–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : English, Russian, various languages

Items 1–14 make up the series of general ledgers listing business partners’ names and indicating contents of transactions. Journals (items 51–56) contain similar information. Memorials (items 91–129) include notes taken before concluding transactions. Ledgers (Reskontros) (items 324–345) include the names of customers, the amount and price of commodities, etc. The business records also include account books (among others books of ships, items 1067b–1067c), inventory books (items 1067–1082), cost books (items 444–483), an order book (item 608), commodity books (items 860–871), and store ledgers (of ax, grain, salt, herring, wine, etc.) (items 629–633, 767–779, 792–803, 830–835, 860–871). A book of purchases and sales dating from 1754–1755 (item 537) contains the names of ships and skippers as well as data on the kind and amount of goods. Books about loading and unloading vessels (items 889–901) include data on vessels (skipper, port of registry, port of departure) and on merchandise (kind, amount and price). Freight books (items 907–908) contain data on freight contracts (kind, amounts and prices of goods, various expenses of services and customs charges). Copies of invoices (items 971–995) provide information on business contracts (kind, amount, price and the geographical origins of goods). Items 1478–1481 include various decrees, resolutions and orders regulating foreign trade. There are also price and market reports from Russian and western European cities (items 1492–1502, 1623–1631) and reports on incoming and outgoing ships from Riga (items 1422, 1452). Materials relating to overseas trade also include various contracts (among others freight letters from 1740–1799) (items 1764–1766, 1778, 1813–1832), correspondence with other associates as well as business partners (among others with landlords) in Estonia, Latvia, Russia, Poland, the Netherlands (Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Schiedam, etc.), Finland, Sweden, Germany, Lithuania (Memel (Klaipeda)), Denmark and other countries (in total 3412 items) covering the period 1734–1939, court les pertaining to timber trade from Pärnu (items 5267–5269) and a le on shipowning (item 5320). Accessibility Inventory (in Estonian); also available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais.

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Record creator / provenance The trading house was founded by Jacob Jacke in 1734. It quickly developed into a ourishing company. After Jacke’s death, it went into the hands of his relatives (the Staacks) and in the early nineteenth century it was taken over by the Nagels. Despite the changes in associates, however, it still retained the name of Jacob Jacke. The trading house exported chiey ax, ax seeds, grain and timber to central and western Europe, and also provided warehousing and storage for transit goods. The business deteriorated in the 1920s. The trading house was closed in 1940.

Trading House “Thorley Bolton” Record group Trading House “Thorley Bolton” Kaubamaja “Thorley Bolton” Reference code : 3251 Period : 1752–1848 Extent : 132 items Abstract The materials chiey consist of records of business operations and transactions of the trading house. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1752–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Russia, the Netherlands, various countries : English, High German, Russian

The materials provide information on trade relations between merchants in Narva and in western Europe. Items 6, 59, 60, 106–110 (until 1800) include correspondence with English, Russian and other merchants, sale and purchase contracts, various reports (among others reports from captains) dealing with the sale and purchase of various goods (wood products, ax, hemp, tin, etc.), shipping and shipbuilding. On the whole, this series covers the period 1773–1820. Bookkeeping documents include a general ledger from 1781–1789 (item 84), a journal from 1788–1789 (item 85), a memorial from

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1775–1780 (item 86), ledgers (reskontros) from 1768–1785 (items 87–88, 94), various cashbooks from 1788–1806 (item 89 from 1796), cash receipt books from 1783–1791 (items 92–93), a goods book from 1795–1796 (item 117), obligations from 1772–1777 (item 83), and various incoming and outgoing documents from 1788–1812 (item 122 from 1788–1798). There are also licences for cargo loading and the departure of ships from the years 1780–1820 (item 75 from 1780–1785). Accessibility Inventory (in Estonian); also available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais. Record creator / provenance The trading house was founded by the English merchant Richard Thorley Bolton (1763–1818) in Narva in the second half of the 1780s. Thorley Bolton was granted burghership of Narva in 1786. Before him, there was another English merchant in Narva, Robert Thorley, of whose relations with the trading house there is, however, no evidence. Trading house “Thorley Bolton” was a typical family business. It concluded trade contacts with English, Russian and other rms. Business deteriorated in the 1830s and 1840s. Publications • •

Erpenbeck, D.G., “Der Magistrat Narvas in russischer Zeit (1704–1861)”, in: Ostdeutsche Familienkunde, 1 (1990), pp. 162–209. Erpenbeck, D.G., Narvaer Bürgerbuch (1704–1856) (in print).

Trading House Jürgens and Duborg Record group Trading House Jürgens and Duborg Kaubamaja Jürgens ja Duborg Reference code : 2061 Period : 1696–1843 Extent : 55 items

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Abstract This collection consists of correspondence, nancial records (the bulk of which dates from the second half of the eighteenth century) and a le relating to English merchants. These materials are just a collection of assembled documents and do not comprise the archives of a trading house called “Jürgens and Doborg” (this name has only been given out of convenience), as such a trading house in fact never existed. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1696–1813 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, English, French, High German, Russian

The collection includes letters sent to various merchants and trading houses at Tallinn (Reval), and to some manor owners. The business correspondence is arranged chronologically and therefore one le contains letters sent to various recipients (chiey merchants in Tallinn). The following items are relevant: •

• • •

• • • •

1: Letters on personal and business matters to various persons (Tallinnbased merchants Jürgens, Schoten, Ludloff, barons, etc.), including some certicates, 1719–1842. 2: Letters from St. Petersburg and some manor owners in Estonia to the merchant Ludloff, 1748–1749. 3: Letters on personal and business matters from St. Petersburg, manor owners and business agents to various persons, 1750–1751. 4: Business letters to General Lieutenant Heinrich Niklas Bradke, owner of the manor of Kokmuiža (Kokenhof ) in north Latvia, from the commission agent Jacobeer and others, and letters to the Tallinn merchants Höppener and Hetling (among other places from Lübeck), 1756–1759. 5: Business letters to the widow of General Lieutenant Heinrich Niklas Bradke, 1760–1769. 6: Business letters to the Tallinn merchants Kaupert, Höppener and Hetling, 1770–1773. 7: Business letters to the Tallinn merchants Kaupert and Hetling (including some letters from Lübeck), 1774–1776. 8–44: Containing business letters to Tallinn merchants (Jacob Johan Gronicka) and trading houses (Peter Duborg & Son and Johann Friedrich Jürgens), 1777–1837; correspondents are mostly local manor owners in

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Estonia but also include merchants and trading houses from St. Petersburg, Cronstadt, Riga, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Lübeck, Hamburg, Berlin, Stralsund, Sohlingen, Copenhagen, etc. 46: Miscellaneous letters to merchants and manor owners (Stackelberg), 1779. 47: Cash documents, 1740–1789. 48: Cash documents, 1698–1844. 49: Letters from the merchants Herberg, Königfels, Dittmer and Sutthoff at Narva to the merchants Kaupert, Zielich and Rodde at Tallinn, 1696–1791. 50: Business letters to the trading houses of Peter Duborg & Son and Johann Friedrich Jürgens & Co from Sutthoff and some manor owners, 1779–1812. 51: Letters to the trading houses of Peter Duborg & Son and Johann Friedrich Jürgens & Co from merchants and trading houses in Narva and Riga, 1779–1811. 52: Letters to the trading houses of Peter Duborg & Son and Johann Friedrich Jürgens & Co from English rms in Riga and St. Petersburg and from Thorley Bolton in Narva, 1780–1807. 53: Notes and scraps relating to the merchant Knoop and English merchants in Narva, 1693–1909. 54–55: Letters to the trading house of Peter Duborg & Son from Otto Reinhold Ludwig von Ungern-Sternberg, manor owner in Hiiumaa (Dagö), 1783–1801.

Accessibility Inventory, in German. Record creator / provenance The eighteenth century saw the emergence of several trading houses in Tallinn (Reval). Heavy competition and the necessity to enhance capital growth and to reduce transaction costs obliged merchants to found joint trading houses, including those of Duborg & Co. and Jürgens & Co. These were two separate trading houses, in spite of what the name of this record group may suggest. Peter Duborg (1732–1787), a son of the merchant Peter Duborg at Tallinn, was an important wholesaler and shipowner in Tallinn. In the seventeenth century, the family Duborg had moved from Holstein to Tallinn. Peter Duborg was elected as senior master of the Great (merchant) Guild and a council member in 1769. The trading house of Peter Duborg & Son, a

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family-based business venture, was one of the four most signicant export trading houses in the town. It was an “old-style” business, largely based on grain export and on the principle that the import had to be covered by export. The trading house exported rye, ax, hemp and timber, and imported salt, tobacco, herring and manufactured products. The business ourished and Peter Duborg became the greatest bill creditor at Tallinn in the 1780s. After his death in 1787, the trading house was led by his son Johann Diedrich Duborg and others. The business declined and the trading house was closed down in 1813. New customs policies implemented from 1782 onwards seriously affected trading situations in Tallinn. After the provincial reform of 1775 had been extended to the Baltics during the period of so-called regency (1783–1796), many newcomers gained a fortune in Russian trade. Johann Friedrich Jürgens (born around 1754 in Courland (Kurland)) became a member of the First Guild (merchants dealing with overseas trade) in 1777 and founded the rm Jürgens & Co and a mirror factory. He was also a building contractor and a banker. He owned six sailing ships. Jürgens was the richest tax-payer in Tallinn in 1792, and served as a council member in the years 1797–1802. Jürgens & Co became the biggest import trading house (40 per cent of all imports of the town fell on his trading house) in Tallinn. The goods were mainly sold in Russia. He took great risks, however, and ended up in bankruptcy in 1802. Custodial history This record group was not created on the basis of provenance (there was no actual “Trading House Jürgens and Duborg”); it is just a collection compiled of business correspondence and related materials from various backgrounds. Related materials The business correspondence of Peter Duborg is partly preserved at the Tallinn City Archives in the record group “Tallinn Town Council”, reference code: 230. Publications • •

Deutschbaltisches biographisches Lexikon, ed. W. Lenz. (Cologne, 1970). Elias, Otto-Heinrich, “Revaler Handelsschiffahrt im 18. Jahrhundert”, in: Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas, New Series, 15 (1967), pp. 16–28.

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Elias, Otto-Heinrich, “Johann Friedrich Jürgens (1755–1829). Aufstieg und Fall eines Revaler Kaufmanns”, in: Vana Tallinn, 10 (Tallinn, 2000), pp. 45–66.

Ungern-Sternberg Family Record group Ungern-Sternberg Family Perekond Ungern-Sternberg Reference code : 1423 Period : 1584–1939 Extent : 298 items Abstract The record group chiey consists of documents relating to the noble UngernSternberg family and their manors in Estonia. The materials include genealogical and biographic papers, photos, correspondence, contracts, nancial records, maps, led papers, etc. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1781–1806 : Estonia, Germany, Russia, Sweden : High German

The following items are relevant: • •

• • •

17: Notebook with short annotations of numerous letters sent to merchants, skippers, etc., 1783–1786. 19: Notebook, providing information on the sending of timber, vodka and grain to Tallinn (Reval) and Haapsalu (Hapsal), the costs of the building of sailing boats, and the paying of wages to skippers, among other topics, 1781–1792. 270: Manuscript maps of Hiiumaa and Vormsi (Worms), eighteenth century. 271: Letters concerning lighthouses in Hiiumaa, 1785, 1792. 279: Including a design of a sailing boat with two masts, 1790s.

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Accessibility Inventory, in Russian and German. A database called “register of maps in the Estonian Historical Archives” and an index of personal names appearing in the inventories of the estate and personal record groups are both available at www.eha.ee. Record creator / provenance Members of the noble Ungern family (since the seventeenth century UngernSternberg) are rst mentioned in old records as vassals in Livonia (Livland) in the thirteenth century. Several family members functioned as notable manor owners, soldiers, regional politicians, writers, and artists in the Baltic provinces. Otto Reinhold Ludwig Ungern-Sternberg (1744–1811), the most notorious “sea pirate” in Estonia, settled on the isle of Hiiumaa (Dagö) in 1772, bought the manors of Kõrgessaare (Hohenholm) and Suuremõisa (Grossenhof ) in 1791 and 1796 respectively, and set up the construction works of sailing ships there. The attic of the Suuremõisa manor house has a double ceiling, where the Baron used to hide goods stolen from the ships that had sunk in the Näkimadalad. Convicted for murdering a skipper in 1802 and plundering wrecked ships on the coast of Hiiumaa, he was deported to Siberia in 1804. Visually attractive The materials include mansucript (uncoloured) maps of the islands of Hiiumaa and Vormsi off the west coast of Estonia, and a design of a twomast sailing boat. Related materials Part of the papers of the Ungern-Sternberg family is kept at the Estonian History Museum. Publications •

Genealogisches Handbuch der baltischen Ritterschaften, Vol. 2:1, Estland (Görlitz, 1930); also available at: mdz1.bib-bvb.de/cocoon/ baltlex.

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Vana-Põltsamaa Manor Record group Vana-Põltsamaa Manor Vana-Põltsamaa mõis Reference code : 1348 Period : 1639–1922 Extent : 6658 items Abstract The record group comprises papers of the noble Baltic-German Lauw family and the prominent noble Russian Bobrinski, Menshikov and Gagarin families. Materials include biographic papers; ownership and economic documents of several manors in Estonia and Finland; property registers; inventories; work contracts with manor workers; correspondence on personal, business and ofcial matters; maps; and various assembled papers. The bulk dates from the turn of the twentieth century. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1757–1797 : Estonia, various countries : High German

The materials are described in two inventories, the second of which includes relevant items. Inventory 2 Item 127 comprises a cashbook over the period 1768–1781. Items 150–168 contain letters addressed to the Manor owners Lauw and Bobrinski from bailiffs, renters and others, on personal, economic and other matters, dating from the years 1757–1797. A number of these letters pertain to the sale of vodka, grain, fat oxes (in Estonian and Russian towns) and buckskin leather (in Lübeck). The manor economy in Estonia in this period was largely based on grain production and the sale of alcohol to the Russian market. Several letters also concern the purchase of products for the Manor and for personal consumption (such as salt, herring, fruits, tea, tobacco, iron and copper). Item 171 includes outgoing letters from the years 1768–1777. Item 188 is a handwritten table containing data on goods exported from

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St. Petersburg (stating the number of ships, amount of goods and countries of destination) from 1790. Accessibility Two inventories, in Estonian and German respectively, with an introduction in Russian; also available at: ais.ra.ee/ais. A database called “register of personal names appearing in the inventories of personal and estate fonds of the Estonian Historical Archives” is available at: www.eha.ee. Record creator / provenance The Castle of Põltsamaa (Schloss Oberpahlen) of the Livonian Order was built in 1272. In 1623 the Swedish King Gustav Adolph gave the estate with several manors and villages as a ef to the eld marshal Hermann Wrangell. At the end of the seventeenth century, the Manor of Põltsamaa along with several others were returned to the Crown. In 1720 Tsar Peter the Great gave the Manor as a gift to the privy councillor Heinrich von Fick (d. 1750). In 1750 it came into the hands of his daughter Aurora von Lauw (born Fick) and her husband, Major Woldemar Johann von Lauw (1712–1786), who kept it until 1786. The manor economy ourished and several small manufactures were established (china, glass, mirror, copper, etc.). The manor house (the castle), standing in ruins, was restored and rebuilt in very luxurious style. In 1786 the Manor, heavily indebted, fell into the possession of the state and was rented to the Count Aleksei Grigori Bobrinski, who held it in the years 1786–1816. In 1816 the property rights went over to his son-in-law Duke Nikolai Gagarin. The Manor remained in the hands of the Gagarin family until 1919 when it was expropriated by the Estonian government along with all other large landholdings of the noblemen. For the location of the Manor, see the “Kupits” map server at: www. eha.ee/kupits. Publications •

Stryk, L. von, Beiträge zur Geschichte der Rittergüter Livlands, Vol. 1 (Tartu, 1877).

A brief survey of the history of the Manor can be found at: www.hot.ee/ poltsamaamuuseum/poltsamaa_loss.htm.

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Von Krusenstiern Family Record group Von Krusenstiern Family Perekond von Krusenstiern Reference code : 1414 Period : 1789–1942 Extent : 692 items Abstract The papers of the noble von Krusenstiern family document both the private lives and professional careers of its members. The materials consist, among other papers, of genealogical documents, certicates, reports, diaries, notebooks, correspondence, sea maps and atlases, photos and drawings, prints, materials relating to the rst Russian circumnavigation round the globe (with litographies) and economic documents of various manors, such as Kiltsi (Schloss Ass) and Järlepa (Jerlep). In addition, the record group includes papers of the Kotzebue family. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1792–1823 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden : English, Russian

The materials are described in three inventories, of which no. 2 lists several relevant hydrographic charts. Inventory 2 Item 29 contains sea maps of the Karelian and Finnish coastal waters stretching from St. Petersburg to Stockholm, depicting entrances to the harbours, fringe of skerries, etc., 1792. Item 32 is a bound volume of 13 hydrographic charts of the Baltic Sea with views of the prole of its coastline, 1812. Item 35 consists of detailed hydrographic charts of the Gulf of Finland as well as its coastline with lighthouses and data on their visibility, 1823.

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Accessibility Three inventories, in Estonian and partly in German and Russian; also available online at: ais.ra.ee/ais. An index of personal names appearing in the inventories of personal and estate record groups of the Estonian Historical Archives is available at: www.eha.ee. Record creator / provenance The Crusius family (ennobled Krusenstiern in 1649) originates from Thüringen, Germany. In 1639 Philipp Crusius (1598–1676), notable jurist and later vicegerent of Estonia (Estland), settled in Tallinn (Reval). Among the family members, there have been several manor owners, ofcials, ofcers and navigators. The most famous of them, Admiral Adam Johann von Krusenstern (1770–1846), commanded the rst Russian sea voyage round the world in 1803–1806. Visually attractive Three volumes with hydrographic charts of the Baltic Sea printed in St. Petersburg. Publications • •

Genealogisches Handbuch der baltischen Ritterschaften, Vol. 2:2, Estland (Görlitz, 1930); also available at: mdz1.bib-bvb.de/cocoon/baltlex. Krusenstjern, E. von, Weltumsegler und Wissenschaftler Adam Johann von Krusenstern 1770–1846. Ein Lebensbericht (Gernsbach, 1991).

Wetter-Rosenthal Family Record group Wetter-Rosenthal Family Perekond Wetter-Rosenthal Reference code : 2638 Period : 1630–1905 Extent : 92 items

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Abstract The record group contains material relating to several manors as well as to the personal life and professional career of their owners, the WetterRosenthals: biographic documents, private and ofcial correspondence, contracts, maps, nancial records such as household account books, ownership documents, and led papers. The bulk dates from the rst half of the nineteenth century. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1788–1800 : Estonia, Germany, Russia : High German

The materials chiey consist of papers of Gustav Heinrich v. Rosenthal and is described in three inventories, two of which are relevant: Inventory 1 Item 56 contains a cash journal from 1799–1806, chiey mentioning names of individuals and sums of money and only occasionally giving more detailed information. Inventory 3 Item 8 comprises business letters to the trading house “Peter Duborgh & Son” at Tallinn covering the years 1788–1792. Accessibility Three inventories, either in Estonian or German, with an introduction in Estonian; also available online at: ais.ra/ais. An index of personal names appearing in the inventories of the estate and personal record groups is available at: www.eha.ee. Record creator / provenance Adolf Friedrich Wetter (d. 1705), an ofcial in the provincial administration of Livonia, was ennobled (von Rosenthal) by the Swedish Queen Christina in 1652. Later, he moved to Estonia (Estland) and acquired the Manor of Mäeküla (Mehheküll) there. Gustav Heinrich von Rosenthal (1753–1829), owner of the Manors of Velise (Felks) and Jädivere (Jeddefer) in presentday west Estonia, offered his services (under the alias John Rose) to the

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army of the United States in the period 1775–1783 and served as the head (Ritterschaftshauptmann) of the Estland Knighthood in 1803–1806. Publications •

•

Genealogisches Handbuch der baltischen Ritterschaften., Vol. 2:2, Estland (Görlitz, 1930); also available at: mdz1.bib-bvb.de/cocoon/ baltlex. Wrangell, W. Baron, and Georg v. Krusenstjern, Die Estländische Ritterschaft: ihre Ritterschaftshauptmänner und Landräte (Limburg/Lahn, 1967).

TARTU UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Tartu Ülikooli Raamatukogu Tartu www.utlib.ee

De la Gardie Record group De la Gardie De la Gardie Reference code Period Extent

: 6 / msc 227 : 1571–1695 : 173 items

Abstract The record group chiey consists of the correspondence (around 3600 letters) of Jakob de la Gardie and Pontus de la Gardie with the Swedish King Gustav II Adolph, Johan Oxenstierna, Ingemar Persson Frisk and others. Besides this, there are a few other documents.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1571–1695 : Estonia, Latvia, Sweden, various countries : High German, Swedish

Item msc 227, Bd. (Vol.) G contains correspondence of Pontus and Jakob de la Gardie, which includes a few letters or copies of letters that mention trade (for example no. 19 of Pontus de la Gardie). There is also a reminder message of Dietrich Ledebuhr pertaining to the sending of agricultural products from Hiiumaa (Dagö) to Stockholm (1645). Accessibility Inventory. Besides this, there are two published nding aids, both of which contain introductions in German, indices and transcriptions of some documents: • •

Mitteilungen aus dem Briefwechsel des Grafen Jakob De la Gardie, ed. Benjamin Cordt (Leipzig, 1894). Urkunden der Grafen de Lagardie in der Universitätsbibliothek zu Dorpat, ed. Johannes Lossius (Dorpat, 1882).

Record creator / provenance Pontus de la Gardie (1520–1585) was a Swedish general and manor owner in Estonia. He was born in France but offered his services to the Danish army in the Nordic Seven Years’ War and, after being captured by the Swedes in 1565, to the Swedish army. He fought in Estonia against the Russian troops in the Livonian War and was appointed vicegerent of Estonia (Estland) and governor of Livonia (Livland). Jakob de la Gardie (1583–1652), son of Pontus, was a Swedish eld marshal and large estate owner in Estonia. He commanded the Swedish forces in Russia at the beginning of the seventeenth century. He was appointed privy councillor in 1613 and he signed the peace of Stolbovo between Sweden and Russia in 1617. He became the governor-general of Estonia and the vicegerent of Tallinn (Reval) in 1619, and the governor-general of Livonia in 1622. After the death of King Gustav II Adolf, he became one of the ve regents jointly ruling Sweden. Custodial history When Jakob Gustav de la Gardie found the family archives in Löbenrod, Sweden (now preserved in Lund) in 1820, he soon noticed that part of the

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correspondence was missing. The missing part turned out to be kept in the manor of Emmaste (Emmast, on the island of Hiiumaa (Dagö)) belonging to Carl Magnus de la Gardie. In 1848 the documents were given to the Tartu University Library. Related materials •

Records of Jacob de la Gardie, Estonian History Museum, Tallinn (reference code: 56).

Publications • • • •

Grill, Erik, Jacob de la Gardie: affärsmannen och politikern, 1608–1636 (Göteburg, 1949). Lundblad, Johann Fredrik, Leben Oxenstjerna und de la Gardie (uebersetzt von Friedrich von Schubert) (Stralsund, 1831). Rikskansleren Axel Oxenstierans skrifter och brefvexling, Part 2, Vol. 5, Jacob de la Gardies bref 1611–1650 (Stockholm, 1893). Zur Geschichte des Adelsgelechts und Familienarchivs der Grafen de la Gardie, ed. Benjamin Cordt (Tartu, 1892).

Von Löwenwolde Family Record group Von Löwenwolde Family Perekond von Löwenwolde Reference code : 19 Period : 1728–1833 Extent : 43 items Abstract The record group contains biographical documents of the von Löwenwolde family, various documents concerning the Manors of Räpina (Rappin), Veriora (Paulenhof ) and others. Besides, there are nancial documents of some family members. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1794–1797 : Estonia, Latvia, various countries : High German

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Item 37 includes letters and receipts from the commission agent Felsegrün at Riga to Carolina von Löwenwolde pertaining to business contacts and the dispatch of foreign goods, 1794–1797. Accessibility Inventory. A brief description of the record group is available at: www.utlib.ee. Record creator / provenance The von Löwenwolde family is an old Baltic-German noble family. Its ancestors arrived in Old Livonia (Alt-Livland) in the late thirteenth century. In 1728 Count Gustav von Löwenwolde bought the Manor of Räpina (south Estonia). After the von Löwenwoldes had fallen into political disfavour, all their manors were conscated in 1741, to be restored again in 1766 to the possession of the sons of Adam Friedrich von Löwenwolde. In 1787 his son Johan Gustav von Löwenwolde (1733–1791) became the sole owner of the Manor of Räpina. After his death, the Manor came into the hands of his widow Carolina von Löwenwolde (born Meyendorff, 1756–1812). In 1836 the Manor was mortgaged to Gustav Eberhard von Richter. For the Manors’ locations, see the “Kupits” map server at: www.eha.ee. Publications • •

“Die Familie Löwenwolde”, in: Das Inland, 19, 20, 22 (1858). Genealogisches Handbuch der baltischen Ritterschaften, Vol. 2:1, Estland (Görlitz, 1930); also available at: mdz1.bib-bvb.de/cocoon/baltlex.

FINLAND

Finland by Juhani Piilonen HÄMEENLINNA PROVINCIAL ARCHIVES Hämeenlinnan Maakunta-Arkisto Hämeenlinna www.narc./Arkistolaitos/hma

Customs House in Loviisa Record group Customs House in Loviisa Loviisan tullikamari Reference code : not applicable Period : 1742–1941 Extent : 226 items Abstract The records of the customs house in Loviisa (east of Helsinki) consist mainly of incoming ofcial letters, copies of outgoing letters, import and export journals, accounts and verications. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1742–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

The ofcial correspondence addressed to the customs house from the period 1742–1800 (items Ea: 1–13), consisting of letters sent from Stockholm in the name of the King by the Commerce Collegium, the Chamber Collegium

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or the National Board of Customs, gives full information on the principles followed by the Swedish customs administration in those years. Tolag (in German Zulage) was a customs duty paid for all import and export goods in the Swedish kingdom, a certain percentage of the cargo’s value. The tolag journals of the customs house in Loviisa are preserved for the years 1750–1765 and 1785–1790 (item GaI: 1). As usual, the tolag journals give notice of the ships entering and leaving the port. Each ship’s name, nationality and captain are available as well as the composition, value and owners of the cargo, the date of arrival, the ports of origin and destination, and the amount of paid tolag and port charges (last- and ballastpenningar, bro- and hamnpenningar, våg- and mätarepenningar). The records from the years 1750–1765 are in fact accounts of the so-called private funds including all revenues of the town, not just the tolag and the port charges. Among other documents there is a list of the burghers paying the imposed charges for burghership in 1748, the town having just been established. Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish); abridged version available online at: www.narc. :8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance The town of Degerby was established in 1745 and was immediately granted the privilege of being a staple town. It was renamed in 1752 as Loviisa (in Swedish Lovisa) after the then Queen of Sweden. The customs house in Loviisa (in Finnish Loviisan tullikamari, in Swedish Lovisa Stora Siö-Tulls Cammare) started operating in 1750. It was headed by a collector of customs (tullförvaltare), who was assisted by a controlleur and four examiners (besökare) and, additionally, a lieutenant and four men serving aboard a revenue cutter. Under the customs house there were, at times, three customs stations operating at the Swedish-Russian boundary and on the nearby islands of Pikku-Ahvenkoski (in Swedish Lilla Abborfors), Keltti (both close to Kotka) and Pellinki (in Swedish Pellinge, near Porvoo)), with one customs collector and one to four examiners or border riders in each. Publications • • •

Heikkinen, Sakari, Suomeen ja maailmalle. Tullilaitoksen historia (Helsinki, 1994). Nikander, Gabriel, Lovisa stads historia I 1745–1808 (Lovisa, 1930). Sirén, Olle, Lovisa stads historia 1745–1995 (Lovisa, 1995); translation: Loviisan kaupungin historia 1745–1995 (Loviisa, 1995).

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Customs House in Tammisaari Record group Customs House in Tammisaari Tammisaaren tullikamari Reference code : not applicable Period : 1724–1923, 1940 Extent : 129 items Abstract The records of the customs house in Tammisaari (between Helsinki and Turku) are very fragmentary. They consist mainly of incoming ofcial letters, copies of outgoing letters, import and export journals, accounts and verications. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1770–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Tolag (in German Zulage) was a customs duty paid for all import and export goods in the Swedish kingdom, a certain percentage of the cargo’s value. The tolag was debited to the town treasury, whereas the main customs, called the great sea toll, were debited to the state treasury in Stockholm. In this case the tolag journals are preserved for the years 1770–1777, 1781–1787 and 1789–1790 (item Gb:1), and the main customs journals for the years 1795–1796 and 1799–1805 (item Ga:1). The journals give notice of the ships entering and leaving the port. Each ship’s name, nationality and captain are available as well as the composition, value and owners of the cargo, the date of arrival, the ports of departure and destination, and the amount of tolag, sea toll and port charges paid. Moreover, there are monthly reports of the customs house from 1795 to 1803, in which the revenues and expenditure of each month are available, and lists of merits and qualications of the customs house staff from 1800 (item Bb:1).

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Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish); abridged version available online at: www.narc. :8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance The coastal town of Tammisaari (in Swedish Ekenäs, halfway between Helsinki and Turku) was established in 1528 by Erik Fleming, vassal and condant of Gustavus I Vasa, King of Sweden. According to the privileges granted by the king in 1546, it had staple rights. These were, however, abolished in 1636, partially restored in 1765 and totally restored around 1830. What is now called the customs house in Tammisaari, was established around 1650. It was originally situated at the end of the cape of Hankoniemi and was called the customs house in Hankoniemi (in Finnish Hankoniemen tullikamari, in Swedish Hangöudds Stora Sjö-Tulls Kammare). Sometimes operating as an independent customs house and occasionally subordinated to the customs house in Helsinki, it was transferred to Tammisaari in 1810 and renamed as customs house in Tammisaari (in Finnish Tammisaaren tullikamari, in Swedish Ekenäs Sjö Tull Kammare). It was closed in 1922 because of little trafc, re-established in 1940 as a consequence of the World War, and closed once again around 1941. Publications • • •

Cederlöf, Johannes, Ekenäs stads historia, Vols. II–III, 1721–1930 (Ekenäs, 1955, 1964). Heikkinen, Sakari, Suomeen ja maailmalle. Tullilaitoksen historia (Helsinki, 1994). Takolander, Alfons, Ekenäs stads historia, Vol. I, Till stora ofreden (Ekenäs, 1930).

Loviisa Town Council Record group Loviisa Town Council Loviisan maistraatti Reference code : not applicable Period : 1723–1984 Extent : 554 items, 27.5 metres

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Abstract The record group consists of diaries and proceedings of the Loviisa town council, proceedings of the auction house working in conjunction with the town council, distress warrants and records, letters patent of burghership, accounts, sea passports and ship rolls, and ship measurement books. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1745–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Relevant documents include the following items: • 21–30: Proceedings of the council, 1749–1800. • 263: Letters patent of burghership, 1756–1829. • 431–432: Town privileges, 1723–1843, containing not only documents signed and sealed by the kings but also all orders and rules regulating the town, issued by various authorities. • 453: Sea passports and ship rolls, 1754–1782. • 471: Ship measuring books, 1779–1854, containing information on the ships’ name, captain, length, breadth, draught and net burden as well as their materials, type and construction, and the shipyard they were built in (the town council had appointed two ship measurers). Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish); also available online at: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance In every town of the Swedish Kingdom there was, since the Middle Ages, a town council, consisting of one or several burgomasters (in Finnish pormestari, in Swedish borgmästare) and at least four councillors (raatimies or rådman). This organ took care of the municipal administration and of the jurisdiction. The council (raati or rådet) was elected yearly, being to a large extent self-completing, with the average burgher taking part in the process at times. The elections of the burgomasters were often inuenced by the governors, and later they were appointed by the king. Gradually, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a functional differentiation took place, in big towns resulting in two separate organs. The

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town council (maistraatti or magistraten), headed by a municipal burgomaster (kunnallispormestari or politieborgmästare), attended to the municipal administration. The town court (raastuvanoikeus or rådstugurätten), headed by a juridical burgomaster (oikeuspormestari or justitieborgmästare) was acting as a court of justice. Even so, these two organs had to cooperate and therefore jointly decided on certain matters. For this reason their records can hardly be entirely separated. The town council examined applications for burghership, measured ships giving ofcial notice of their capacity, stated monthly the current prices, controlled the local sailors’ house, certied the local ships that were in Finnish/Swedish possession and were entitled to have certain privileges, and provided local ships sailing abroad with passports. It drew up the harbour regulations, built the harbours and had the port charges collected. As public notary, the town clerk drew up freight contracts and wrote down ship’s protests. The town of Degerby was established and granted the privilege of being a staple town in 1745. It was renamed in 1752 as Loviisa (in Swedish Lovisa) after the then reigning queen of Sweden. As a little town, it always had only one burgomaster and four or ve councillors. Most duties of the town councils were transferred to other authorities in the 1980s and 1990s. Since 1996, being part of the state administration, they have only been dealing with the registration of the population. Custodial history The records of the town council and those of the town court originally belonged together. They were separated after their transfer to the Hämeenlinna Provincial Archives. However, many series could not possibly be devided, for which reason they still contain materials originating from both the council and the court. Copies For extracts of the records of the town council from the years 1772–1777, see the record group “Judgement Book Collection of the Swedish Commerce Collegium”. This collection has been put on microlms, which may be consulted at the National Archives in Helsinki. Related materials The records of the town council and those of the town court originally belonged together. They have been separated by the Hämeenlinna Provincial

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Archives. Consequently, the records of the Loviisa town council include materials closely related to those of the Loviisa town court. Publications • •

• • •

Cederlöf, Johannes, Lovisa stads historia, Vol. III (Loviisa, 1939). Fällström, Anne-Marie, and Ilkka Mäntylä, “Stadsadministrationen i Sverige-Finland under frihetstiden”, in: Stadsadministrationen i Norden på 1700-talet. Centralmakt och lokalsamhälle-beslutsprocess på 1700talet, Vol. 1 (1982). Halila, Aimo, Suomen kaupunkien kunnallishallinto 1600–luvulla, Vols. 1, 2 (Historiallisia tutkimuksia, 28:1, 2) (Helsinki, 1942–1943). Nikander, Gabriel, Lovisa stads historia, Vols. 1, 2 (Loviisa, 1930– 1932). Sirén, Olle, Lovisa stads historia 1745–1995 (Loviisa, 1995); translation: Loviisan kaupungin historia 1745–1995 (Loviisa, 1995).

Loviisa Town Court Record group Loviisa Town Court Loviisan raastuvanoikeus Reference code : not applicable Period : 1742–1984 Extent : 853 items, 47 metres Abstract The record group consists of diaries, judgement books, acts, nes registers, correspondence and inventories of deceased persons’ properties, the record creator being either the town court or the town council of Loviisa (east of Helsinki). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1742–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

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Relevant are the judgement books from the period 1748–1800 (items 9–61). The legal conrmations of possession from the years 1758–1800 (items 225–229) and the inventories of deceased persons’ estates from the period 1749–1800 (items 626–630), shed light on the burghers’ wealth and standard of life, shares in ships being often an essential part of the estate. The record series called acts (1742–1800, items 730–762) contain diverse materials like applications for burghership in Loviisa, and burgher’s oaths sworn by those accepted. Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish); also available online at: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance In every town of the Swedish Kingdom there was, since the Middle Ages, a town council, consisting of one or several burgomasters (in Finnish pormestari, in Swedish borgmästare) and at least four councillors (raatimies or rådman). This organ took care of the municipal administration and of the jurisdiction. The council (raati or rådet) was elected yearly, being to a large extent self-completing, with the average burgher taking part in the process at times. The elections of the burgomasters were often inuenced by the governors, and later they were appointed by the king. Gradually, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a functional differentiation took place, in big towns resulting in two separate organs. The town council (maistraatti or magistraten), headed by a municipal burgomaster (kunnallispormestari or politieborgmästare), attended to the municipal administration. The town court (raastuvanoikeus or rådstugurätten), headed by a juridical burgomaster (oikeuspormestari or justitieborgmästare) was acting as a court of justice. Even so, these two organs had to cooperate and therefore jointly decided on certain matters. For this reason their records can hardly be entirely separated. The town of Degerby was established and granted the privilege of being a staple town in 1745. It was renamed in 1752 as Loviisa (in Swedish Lovisa) after the then reigning queen of Sweden. As a small town, it always had only one burgomaster and four or ve councillors. The Loviisa town court and town council dealt with crimes committed aboard ships. If caught, sailors deserting their ship were punished by them. They tried cases concerning illegal trading outside the town and trade illegally conducted by non-burghers. They decided upon bankruptcy affairs as well as civil cases between sellers and buyers, master skippers and other seamen concern-

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ing quality and quantity, prices, payments, shipping charges, and loss and wastage during the shipping. After a shipwreck or any kind of sea damage, the captain made his ship’s protest in front of them. In a little town like Loviisa, such cases appeared a few times a year. The long story of town courts in Finland ended in the 1980s, when their duties were transferred to newly established organs. In Loviisa this happened around 1984. Custodial history The records of the town council and those of the town court originally belonged together. They were separated after their transfer to the Hämeenlinna Provincial Archives. However, many series could not possibly be divided, for which reason they still contain materials originating from both the council and the court. Copies For copies of the judgement books of the town court from 1748–1810, see the record group “Duplicated Judgement Books of the Local Courts of Justice”. These judgement books have been put on microlms, which may be consulted at the National Archives in Helsinki. Related materials The records of the town council and those of the town court originally belonged together. They have been separated by the Hämeenlinna Provincial Archives. Consequently, the records of the Loviisa town council include materials closely related to those of the Loviisa town court. Publications • •

• • •

Cederlöf, Johannes, Lovisa stads historia, Vol. III (Loviisa, 1939). Fällström, Anne-Marie, and Ilkka Mäntylä, “Stadsadministrationen i Sverige-Finland under frihetstiden”, in: Stadsadministrationen i Norden på 1700-talet. Centralmakt och lokalsamhälle-beslutsprocess på 1700talet, Vol. 1 (1982). Halila, Aimo, Suomen kaupunkien kunnallishallinto 1600–luvulla, Vols. 1, 2 (Historiallisia tutkimuksia, 28: 1, 2) (Helsinki, 1942–1943). Nikander, Gabriel, Lovisa stads historia, Vols. 1, 2 (Loviisa, 1930– 1932). Sirén, Olle, Lovisa stads historia 1745–1995 (Loviisa, 1995); translation: Loviisan kaupungin historia 1745–1995 (Loviisa, 1995).

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Porvoo Town Court and Town Council Record group Porvoo Town Court and Town Council Porvoon raastuvanoikeus ja maistraatti Reference code : not applicable Period : 1724–1981 Extent : 98 metres Abstract The record group consists of diaries, judgement books with attachments, correspondence and accounts of the town court and the town council, legal conrmations of possession, inventories of deceased persons’ estates, records of bankruptcy affairs, and proceedings of the auction rooms subordinated to the town council. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1724–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Relevant are the judgement books of the town court and council from 1724 and 1759–1800, correspondence from 1752–1800, legal conrmations of possession from 1761–1774, records of bankruptcy affairs from 1760–1801, inventories of deceased persons’ estates from 1751–1800, and proceedings of the auction rooms from 1759–1800. Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish), numbered 114:5; also available online at: www.narc. :8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance In every town of the Swedish Kingdom there was, since the Middle Ages, a town council, consisting of one or several burgomasters (in Finnish pormestari, in Swedish borgmästare) and at least four councillors (raatimies or rådman). This organ took care of the municipal administration and of

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the jurisdiction. The council (raati or rådet) was elected yearly, being to a large extent self-completing, with the average burgher taking part in the process at times. The elections of the burgomasters were often inuenced by the governors, and later they were appointed by the king. Gradually, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a functional differentiation took place, in big towns resulting in two separate organs. The town council (maistraatti or magistraten), headed by a municipal burgomaster (kunnallispormestari or politieborgmästare), attended to the municipal administration. The town court (raastuvanoikeus or rådstugurätten), headed by a juridical burgomaster (oikeuspormestari or justitieborgmästare) was acting as a court of justice. Even so, these two organs had to cooperate and therefore jointly decided on certain matters. For this reason their records can hardly be entirely separated. The town of Porvoo (in Swedish Borgå) was most probably established in the 1370s. It was a staple town up to 1639, then lost this privilege, regained it partly in 1766 and completely around 1830. Since 1766 the local ships were permitted to sail to harbours around the Baltic Sea, but no foreign ships were allowed to visit Porvoo’s harbour. Sailing to countries outside the Baltic Sea was, however, possible for the local ships if a couple of the shareholders were burghers of a staple town. In addition, all trade with foreign countries had to take place through the customs house in Helsinki. Being a little town, Porvoo always had a tiny mercantile eet. In the Middle Ages there were probably two burgomasters and ve councillors in Porvoo, later on one burgomaster and four councillors. The long story of town courts and councils in Finland ended in the 1980s and 1990s, when their duties were transferred to newly established organs. In Porvoo this happened around 1992. Since 1996 the town councils, being part of the state administration, only deal with the registration of the population. Custodial history The town of Porvoo was burned by the Russian army in 1708, during the Great Nordic War. In 1760, most records of the town court and town council were devoured by another big re. Copies The inventories of deceased persons’ estates from 1740–1800 have been published in abridged form, see under “Publications”. For copies of the judgement books of the town court from 1622–1713, 1721–1805, see the record group called “Duplicated Judgement Books of the Local Courts of Justice”. For extracts of the records of the town council from 1773–1774

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and 1778, see the record group called “Judgement Book Collection of the Swedish Commerce Collegium”. Both these record groups have been put on microlm, which may be consulted at the National Archives in Helsinki. Publications Åkerman, Birger, Bouppteckningar i Borgå stad 1740–1800. Suomen Sukututkimusseuran julkaisuja, Vol. X (Helsinki, 1934). • Edgren, T., and C.J. Gardberg, Borgå stads historia, Vol. 1, Borgåtraktens förhistoria. Medeltiden och 1500-talet (Borgå, 1996); translation: Porvoon kaupungin historia, Vol. 1, Porvoon seudun esihistoria. Keskiaika ja 1500-luku (Porvoo, 1996). • Hartman, T., Borgå stads historia, Vols. I–III (Porvoo/Borgå, 1906– 1908). • Hornborg, E., Borgås sjöfart (Helsinki, 1925). • Mäntylä, I., Porvoon kaupungin historia, Vol. II, 1602–1809 (Porvoo, 1994); translation: Borgå stads historia, Vol. II, 1602–1809 (Borgå, 1994).

•

Sailors’ House in Loviisa Record group Sailors’ House in Loviisa Loviisan merimieshuone Reference cod : not applicable Period : 1757–1937 Extent : 3.6 metres Abstract The record group consists mainly of account and verication books of the sailors’ house in Loviisa (east of Helsinki), and rolls and registers of sailors belonging to it. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1757–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

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Combining the information of the account and verication books, one can sketch a picture of the merchant marine of Loviisa from 1757 onwards, of the shipowners and of the mariners, and their earnings and social security in case of illness, accident and senility. The dates of departure and arrival as well as the destination port of each ship are mentioned. In order to make the funds of the sailors’ house yield interest, the board of directors granted loans to local businessmen. On the other hand, in these records there is very little notice of the cargoes and no information whatsoever about foreign ships, nor any about native ships that visited the harbour of Loviisa but did not cooperate with the local sailors’ house. Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish); also available online at: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance Since 1748 there was a sailors’ house in Stockholm, founded by the government in order to supply sufcient labour to the merchant marine, create a better order and control of the hiring system and working conditions, and improve the social security of the mariners. Initially, all the staple towns of the kingdom had to join this sailors’ house and make certain payments for its maintenance. Since 1752, however, the staple towns were allowed to have sailors’ houses of their own. Any native (Swedish or Finnish) shipowner or rm of shipowners had to cooperate with a certain sailors’ house. Whenever their ships sailed abroad, the hiring of mariners had to happen in conjunction with the sailors’ house. When their ships returned from abroad, they had to pay certain charges to the sailors’ house, depending on the capacity of the ship (lästpenningar) and the hire of the crew (sjömanshusavgiften). The sailors’ house in Loviisa (in Finnish Loviisan merimieshuone, in Swedish Sjömanshuset i Lovisa) was founded in 1760. Charges for its maintenance had been collected since 1757. Subordinated to the town council, it had a board of directors and an agent called waterschout. Mariners in need of temporary assistance, and their families, were furnished with reliefs. Old seamen and those unable to work were granted pensions. As their duties were removed to other authorities, sailors’ houses ceased to exist in Finland in 1937.

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Publications • • •

Gerentz, Sven, Stockholms sjömanshus 1748–1948 (Stockholm, 1948). Nikander, Gabriel, Lovisa stads historia, Vol. 1, 1745–1808 (Lovisa, 1930). Sirén, Olle, Lovisa stads historia 1745–1995 (Lovisa, 1995); translation: Loviisan kaupungin historia 1745–1995 (Loviisa, 1995).

CITY ARCHIVES OF HELSINKI Helsingin Kaupunginarkisto Helsinki www.hel2../tietokeskus/eng

Auction House in Helsinki Record group Auction House in Helsinki Helsingin huutokauppakamari Reference code : not applicable Period : 1705–1713, 1722–1898 Extent : 127 items Abstract The record group consists of the proceedings of the auction house in Helsinki with attachments. When a merchant was declared bankrupt, or a private person was unable to pay his taxes and his debts, all their property was sold at auction on account of the creditors. Heirs often had the estate of a deceased person sold by auction, and merchants their unmarketable goods.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1722–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Shipwrecks were usual in the rocky waters off Helsinki. In any stormy autumn several vessels may have been wrecked. The Northern Diving and Salvaging Company always tried to salvage as much as possible of the cargo and the wreck, to be sold by auction. Canons, anchors, masts, sails, ropes and other parts of the tackling as well as goods belonging to the cargo were sold on account of the ship and cargo owners and the salvaging company. In the records of the auction house (Ca: 1–21) one can nd the place and time of the shipwreck, the name of the vessel and the captain, the origin and destination of the ship, and sometimes even its capacity and the number of its crew. The date of the auction, names of the auctioneers, amount of goods sold and prices paid are available as well. Additionally, smuggled and conscated goods were auctioned on account of the Crown. Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish); an abridged version is to be found in the printed catalogue of the city archives: Helsingin kaupunginarkiston yleisluettelo (Helsinki, 1981), and online at the repository’s website: www.hel2. /tietokeskus/kaupunginarkisto/yleisluettelo2/yleisluet.html. Record creator / provenance The auction house [of the town of Helsinki] was called [Helsingin kaupungin] huutokauppakamari in Finnish, and stadens auktionskammare [i Helsingfors] in Swedish. Auctions were put under control of the municipal authorities at an early date. Since 1731 two members of the town council were supposed to be present at all auctions. Since 1 March 1759 all auctioning in Helsinki was a privilege of the town, the town treasury being entitled to receive a certain percentage of the gains. The towns’ exclusive right to arrange auctions was abolished in Finland around 1898. Custodial history The records of the auction house have been separated from those of the town council and now constitute a record group of their own.

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Publications •

•

Ahlström, Christian, Spår av hav, yxa och penna. Historiska sjöolyckor i Östersjön avspeglade i marinarkeologiskt källmaterial. Bidrag till kännedom av Finlands natur och folk 148 (Helsinki, 1995); translation: Looking for Leads. Shipwrecks of the past revealed by contemporary documents and the archaeological record (Annales Academiae Sciantiarum Fennicae. Series Humaniora, 284) (Helsinki, 1997). Helsingin kaupunginarkiston yleisluettelo (Helsinki, 1981).

Helsinki Town Council Record group Helsinki Town Council Helsingin maistraatti Reference code : not applicable Period : 1680–1713, 1721–1930 Extent : 432 metres Abstract The record group consists of a great number of diaries, registers, proceedings, and correspondence of the town council as well as the town court. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1709–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Relevant materials consist of documents reecting the various duties of the town council: • • • •

Examining applications for burghership: letters of burghership, 1756– 1791. Measuring ships giving ofcial notice of their burden: ship measuring book, 1779–1812. Stating monthly the current prices: current price reports, 1754–1791. Controlling the local sailors’ house: lists of local ships’ crews, 1786– 1800.

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Certifying local ships that were in Finnish/Swedish possession and were entitled to have certain privileges: nationality certicates, 1777–1791. Providing local ships sailing abroad with passports: ship’s passports 1774–1800.

In addition, the town council drew up the harbour regulations, built the harbours and had the port charges collected. Being notary public, the town clerk drew up freight contracts and wrote down ship’s protests, see the copies of the town clerk, 1752–1800. The original proceedings of the town council and those of the town court, both inseparably bound in the same volumes, are preserved from the years 1709–1713 and 1721–1809. Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish); also available, in abridged form, in the printed catalogue of the city archives (Helsingin kaupunginarkiston yleisluettelo, Helsinki 1981) and on the repository’s website: www.hel2./tietokeskus/ kaupunginarkisto/yleisluettelo2/yleisluet.html. In the collection of the History Committee of Helsinki (items Ha:9–12 and 17–19) at Helsinki City Archives, there are personal, geographic and thematic indexes covering the judgement books of the town court over the period 1623–1751 and the proceedings of the town council over the years 1709–1713, 1721–1809. Record creator / provenance In every town of the Swedish Kingdom there was, since the Middle Ages, a town council, consisting of one or several burgomasters (in Finnish pormestari, in Swedish borgmästare) and at least four councillors (raatimies or rådman). This organ took care of the municipal administration and of the jurisdiction. Gradually, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a functional differentiation took place, in big towns resulting in two separate organs. The town council (maistraatti or magistraten), headed by a municipal burgomaster (kunnallispormestari or politieborgmästare), attended to the municipal administration. The town court (raastuvanoikeus or rådstugurätten), headed by a juridical burgomaster (oikeuspormestari or justitieborgmästare) was acting as a court of justice. Even so, these two organs had to cooperate and therefore jointly decided on certain matters. For this reason their records cannot be entirely separated. One of the duties of the town court and the town council concerned dealing with crimes committed aboard ships. They tried cases concerning

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illegal trading outside the town and trade illegally conducted by non-burghers. They decided upon bankruptcy affairs as well as civil cases between sellers and buyers, master skippers and other seamen concerning quality and quantity, prices, payments, shipping charges, and loss and wastage during the shipping. Upon a shipwreck or any kind of sea damage, the captain gave his ship’s protest to them. Before the sea toll courts were established (1690), all kinds of customs offences were tried by them. In a little town like Helsinki such cases appeared a few times a year. Town councils still exist in Finland, but in name only. Since 1996 they are merely population register ofces. Custodial history Almost all the older records of the town council and the town court were lost in May 1713, when Helsinki was burned to the ground in connection with a war. The records of the town council and those of the town court originally belonged together. They have been separated only later on. However, many series could impossibly be divided, and they still contain materials deriving from both institutions. These series are partly incorporated in the record group “Helsinki Town Court”. The records of the town treasury, the auction house and the sailors’ house have been separated from those of the town council and now constitute record groups of their own. Copies According to an order given by the Commerce Collegium in Stockholm on 17 January 1744, all the town councils had to send extracts of their proceedings concerning trade, administration, economy, burghership, diving and salvage to the Commerce Collegium. These extracts of the Finnish town councils are now kept in the National Archives in Helsinki. The town councils generally neglected this duty, and in the case of Helsinki the extracts only cover the years 1772–1791 (record group “Judgement Book Collection of the Swedish Commerce Collegium”, items MaTk 1–2). This collection has been microlmed and may be consulted at the National Archives in Helsinki. Related materials •

Helsinki Town Court (Helsingin raastuvanoikeus).

Publications •

Fällström, Anne-Marie and Ilkka Mäntylä, “Stadsadministrationen i Sverige-Finland under frihetstiden”, in: Stadsadministrationen i Norden

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på 1700-talet. Centralmakt och lokalsamhälle-beslutsprocess på 1700talet, Vol. 1 (1982). Halila, Aimo, Suomen kaupunkien kunnallishallinto 1600-luvulla, Vols. 1, 2 (Historiallisia tutkimuksia, 28: 1, 2) (Helsinki, 1942–1943). Helsingin kaupunginarkiston yleisluettelo (Helsinki, 1981). Mäntylä, Ilkka, Yksimielisyydestä kauppiaiden valtaan. Raatimiesten vaalit 12 kaupungissa 1722–1808 (Historiallisia tutkimuksia, 104) (Helsinki, 1977), with summary: Von der Eintracht zur Herrschaft der Kaueute. Die Ratherrenwahlen in zwölf Städten 1722–1808. Mäntylä, Ilkka, Valitut, ehdollepannut ja nimitetyt. Pormestarien vaalit 20 kaupungissa 1720–1808 (Historiallisia tutkimuksia, 114) (Helsinki, 1981), with summary: Auswahl, Ernennungsvorschlag und Ernennung. Die Bürgermeisterwahlen in 20 Städten 1720–1808. Suolahti, Eino E., “Vantaan Helsinki”, in: Helsingin kaupungin historia, Vol. 1 (Helsinki, 1950); translation: “Helsingfors vid Vanda å”, in: Helsingfors stads historia, Vol. 1 (Helsinki, 1950). Suolahti, Eino E., “Ensimmäinen Vironniemen Helsinki”, in: Helsingin kaupungin historia, Vol. 1 (Helsinki, 1950); translation: “Den första stapelstaden på Estnässkatan”, in: Helsingfors stads historia, Vol. 1 (Helsinki, 1950).

Helsinki Town Court Record group Helsinki Town Court Helsingin raastuvanoikeus Reference code : not applicable Period : 1679–1713, 1721–1880 Extent : 175 metres Abstract The record group consists of inventories of deceased persons’ estates, with an index (1679–1880), judgement books of the town court (1809–1880), legal conrmations of possession (1725–1880), and records of bankruptcy affairs (1824–1880). Moreover, there is a series of decided cases (1752–1869), which also includes bankruptcy affairs and inventories as well as auction records of deceased persons’ estates. The judgement books of the town court over the years 1709–1713 and 1721–1809 are included in the same volumes as those of the town council of Helsinki.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1679–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

The inventories of deceased persons’ estates, the legal conrmations of possession and the records of bankruptcy affairs shed light on the burghers’ wealth and standard of life. The ships and shares of ships they owned are mentioned in the inventories and in the bankruptcy documents, as well as their houses, building lots, chattels, cash funds and outstanding debts and liabilities. The bourgeois families were often related to one another. As all the heirs are named in the inventories, one may sketch the social network of the local bourgeoisie in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries on the basis of these documents. The original proceedings of the town council and those of the town court, both inseparably bound in the same volumes, are preserved from the years 1709–1713 and 1721–1809. Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish); also available, in abridged form, in the printed catalogue of the city archives (Helsingin kaupunginarkiston yleisluettelo, Helsinki 1981) and on the repository’s website: www.hel2./tietokeskus/ kaupunginarkisto/yleisluettelo2/yleisluet.html. In the collection of the History Committee of Helsinki (items Ha:9–12 and 17–19) in Helsinki City Archives, there are personal, geographic and thematic indexes covering the judgement books of the town court over the period 1623–1708, 1721–1751, and the proceedings of the town council over the years 1709–1713, 1721–1809. Record creator / provenance In every town of the Swedish Kingdom there was, since the Middle Ages, a town council, consisting of one or several burgomasters (in Finnish pormestari, in Swedish borgmästare) and at least four councillors (raatimies or rådman). This organ took care of the municipal administration and of the jurisdiction. Gradually, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a functional differentiation took place, in big towns resulting in two separate organs. The town council (maistraatti or magistraten), headed by a municipal burgomaster (kunnallispormestari or politieborgmästare), attended to the municipal

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administration. The town court (raastuvanoikeus or rådstugurätten), headed by a juridical burgomaster (oikeuspormestari or justitieborgmästare) was acting as a court of justice. Even so, these two organs had to cooperate and therefore jointly decided on certain matters. For this reason their records cannot be entirely separated. One of the duties of the town court and the town council concerned dealing with crimes committed aboard ships. They tried cases concerning illegal trading outside the town and trade illegally conducted by non-burghers. They decided upon bankruptcy affairs as well as civil cases between sellers and buyers, master skippers and other seamen concerning quality and quantity, prices, payments, shipping charges, and loss and wastage during the shipping. Upon a shipwreck or any kind of sea damage, the captain gave his ship’s protest to them. Before the sea toll courts were established (1690), all kinds of customs offences were tried by them. In a little town like Helsinki such cases appeared a few times a year. Custodial history Almost all the older records of the town court and the town council were lost in May 1713, when Helsinki was burned to the ground in connection with a war. After the peace treaty of 1721, the town was revived. The records of the town council and those of the town court originally belonged together. They have been separated only later on. However, many series could impossibly be divided, and they still contain materials deriving from both institutions. These series are mainly incorporated in the record group “Helsinki Town Council”. Copies For copies of the judgement books of the town court from the period 1623–1708, 1721–1808, see the record group “Duplicated Judgement Books of the Local Courts of Justice”. These books have been microlmed and may be consulted at the National Archives in Helsinki. Related materials •

Helsinki Town Council (Helsingin maistraatti).

Publications •

Åkerman, Birger, Bouppteckningar i Helsingfors stad 1679–1808. Suomen Sukututkimusseuran julkaisuja, 13 (Helsinki, 1937).

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Fällström, Anne-Marie and Ilkka Mäntylä, “Stadsadministrationen i Sverige-Finland under frihetstiden”, in: Stadsadministrationen i Norden på 1700-talet. Centralmakt och lokalsamhälle-beslutsprocess på 1700talet, Vol. 1 (1982). Halila, Aimo, Suomen kaupunkien kunnallishallinto 1600-luvulla, Vols. 1, 2 (Historiallisia tutkimuksia, 28: 1, 2) (Helsinki, 1942–1943). “Helsingfors stads domböcker för åren 1623–1639”, in: Bidrag till Helsingfors stads historia, Vol. 1, ed. Petrus Nordmann (Helsinki, 1905). Helsingin kaupunginarkiston yleisluettelo (Helsinki, 1981). Orrman, Eljas, “Föreskrifter och praxis rörande domböcker i det Svenska riket samt domboksbeståndet i nska arkiv intill 1809”, in: Domboken som lologiskt och historiskt forskningsobjekt (Nordiska texter och undersökningar 30), ed. Harry Lönnroth (Uppsala, 2007). Suolahti, Eino E., “Vantaan Helsinki”, in: Helsingin kaupungin historia, Vol. 1 (Helsinki, 1950); translation: “Helsingfors vid Vanda å”, in: Helsingfors stads historia, Vol. 1 (Helsinki, 1950). Suolahti, Eino E., “Ensimmäinen Vironniemen Helsinki”, in: Helsingin kaupungin historia, Vol. 1 (Helsinki, 1950); translation: “Den första stapelstaden på Estnässkatan”, in: Helsingfors stads historia, Vol. 1 (Helsinki, 1950). “Utdrag ur Helsingfors stads domböcker för åren 1639–43”, in: Bidrag till Helsingfors stads historia, Vol. III (Skrifter utgivna av Svenska Litteratursällskapet i Finland, 76), ed. Petrus Nordmann (Helsinki, 1906).

Sailors’ House in Helsinki Record group Sailors’ House in Helsinki Helsingin merimieshuone Reference code : not applicable Period : 1759–1937 Extent : 28 metres Abstract The record group consists mainly of account and verication books of the sailors’ house in Helsinki.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1760–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Combining the information of the account and verication books, one can sketch a picture of the scope and activities of the merchant marine of Helsinki since 1760, of the local shipowners and of the mariners, their parish or province of origin, age, civilian estate, earnings and social security in case of illness, accident and senility. The name and capacity, date of departure and arrival as well as destination port of each ship are mentioned. On the other hand, in these records there is no information whatsoever about foreign ships, nor any notice of native (Swedish/Finnish) ships that visited the harbour of Helsinki but were not cooperating with the local sailors’ house. Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish); an abridged version is to be found in the printed catalogue of the city archives: Helsingin kaupunginarkiston yleisluettelo (Helsinki, 1981), and online at the repository’s website: www.hel2. /tietokeskus/kaupunginarkisto/yleisluettelo2/yleisluet.html. Record creator / provenance Since 1748 there was a sailors’ house in Stockholm, founded by the government in order to supply sufcient labour to the merchant marine, to create a better order and control of the hiring system and the working conditions, and to improve the social security of the mariners. Initially, all staple towns of the kingdom had to join this sailors’ house and to make certain payments for its maintenance. Since 1752, however, the staple towns were allowed to have sailors’ houses of their own. Any native (Swedish/Finnish) shipowner and rm of shipowners had to cooperate with a certain sailors’ house. When their ship sailed abroad, the hiring of mariners had to happen in conjunction with the sailors’ house. When the ship returned from abroad, they had to pay certain charges to the sailors’ house, depending on the capacity of the ship (lästpenningar) and the hire of the crew (sjömanshusavgiften). The sailors’ house in Helsinki (in Finnish Helsingin merimieshuone, Swedish Sjömanshuset i Helsingfors) was founded in 1760. Subordinated to the town council, it had a board of directors and an agent called waterschout.

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Mariners in need of temporary assistance, and their families, were furnished with reliefs. Old seamen and those unable to work were granted pensions. As their duties were transferred to other authorities, sailors’ houses ceased to exist in Finland around 1937. Publications • • •

Gerentz, Sven, Stockholms sjömanshus 1748–1948 (Stockholm, 1948). Helsingin kaupunginarkiston yleisluettelo (Helsinki, 1981). Mattila, Tapani, “Helsingin merimieshuone ja kaupungin merenkulkijaväestön sosiaalinen turva vv. 1760–1937”, in: Kauppiaiden ja merenkulkijain Helsinki. Entisaikain Helsinki, Vol. V (Helsinki, 1954); based on an unpublished thesis with the same title and full documentation (missing in the printed version); available in the Social Science Library of Helsinki University (www.valt.helsinki./kirjasto).

Sea Toll Court in Helsinki Record group Sea Toll Court in Helsinki Helsingin meritullioikeus Reference code : not applicable Period : 1723, 1728, 1731, 1753–1755, 1794–1801, 1810– 1811 Extent : 1 item Abstract The record group comprises rough drafts of the judgement books of the sea toll court in Helsinki. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1723–1811 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Relevant are the judgement books from 1723, 1728, 1731, 1753–55, 1794–1801, 1810–1811.

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Accessibility As the record group consists of one item only, there is no inventory. Record creator / provenance Since 1685 there was a sea toll court in Stockholm, trying cases of customs offences and contraband. Since 1690 each staple town was supposed to have a sea toll court of its own. The court in Helsinki (in Finnish Helsingin meritullioikeus, in Swedish Stora Sjötulls Rätten i Helsingfors) was established in April 1690, and composed of one customs ofcer and four assessors. The sea toll courts tried all kinds of smuggling cases and customs offences. Peasants living on the coast tended to sail illegally over to Estonia. If caught, they were sentenced by the sea toll court to pay a ne, and their goods were sold on auction in favour of the Crown and the denouncer. If, correspondingly, a vessel used for smuggling was found, but the crew successfully escaped, the vessel was sold on auction together with the goods. When the customs house ofcers suspected the cargo book to be incomplete or something to have been unloaded before the cargo was declared, the court ordered investigations and tried the case. Sometimes the captain conrmed the cargo book in front of the court by oath. People landing without passport, e.g. serfs escaping from the Baltic area, were brought to trial. When a ship’s burden was suspected to be incorrect, the court annulled the measurement and ordered a new one. Custodial history The main part of the sea toll court’s records probably disappeared in November 1808, when the customs house and the customs warehouse in Helsinki burned down. Related materials In the record group of “Judgement Book Collection of the Swedish Commerce Collegium” (item MTO 1) (described separately in this guide), there are extracts of the proceedings of the sea toll court in Helsinki from the period 1778–1806. This material has been put on microlm (no. ES 2129) and is available at the National Archives in Helsinki.

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Town Treasury of Helsinki Record group Town Treasury of Helsinki Helsingin kaupunginkassa Reference code : not applicable Period : 1698–1713, 1721–1879 Extent : 21.5 metres Abstract The records of the town treasury consist of accounts and verications, cashbooks, tax and payrolls, etc. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1698–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, Low German, Swedish

The main customs duty called the great sea toll, collected by the customs houses in the staple towns of the Swedish Kingdom, was debited to the Chamber in Stockholm. (The Chamber, from 1634 the Chamber Collegium, was a kind of nance ministry and state treasury of the Swedish Kingdom.) A minor customs duty called tolag (in German Zulage), was, instead, debited to the town treasury. Furthermore, the towns were entitled to collect certain port charges for the construction and maintenance of their harbour works (hamn- and bropenningar) and for measuring, weighing and stamping (mätare-, våg-, and stämpelpenningar) etc. In the course of time, all these revenues became visible in the accounts of the town treasury (series Ga:1–109). The accounts are fragmentary up to 1733, but from 1734 onward they are well preserved, including the tolag journals and even the original customs declarations by the master skippers or the merchants owning the cargoes, often written in Dutch. The tolag journals and the customs declarations give notice of each ship’s name, nationality, capacity and captain as well as the composition, value and owners of the cargo, the date of arrival, the ports of origin and destination, and the amount of tolag and port charges paid. The tax rolls, which are part of the accounts, reect the annual nancial status of each burgher of the town.

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Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish); an abridged version is to be found in the printed catalogue of the city archives: Helsingin kaupunginarkiston yleisluettelo (Helsinki, 1981), and online at the repository’s website: www.hel2./tietokeskus/ kaupunginarkisto/yleisluettelo2/yleisluet.html. Record creator / provenance The town treasury (in Finnish kaupunginkassa, in Swedish stadskassan) was subordinated to the town council, who appointed the cashier and the town bailiff. Under the supervision of the council, aided by the bailiff, the cashier composed the tax rolls, collected the municipal and state taxes, made the payments, and kept and closed the accounts. The town treasury existed from the seventeenth century until 1875, when its duties were transferred to newly established authorities. Custodial history The records of the town treasury have been separated from those of the town council and now constitute a record group of their own. Publications • •

Helsingin kaupunginarkiston yleisluettelo (Helsinki, 1981). Hornborg, Eirik, Helsingin kaupungin historia, Vol. II, Ajanjakso 1721– 1809 (Helsinki, 1950); translation: Helsingfors stads historia, Vol. II, Perioden 1721–1809 (Helsinki, 1950).

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NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF FINLAND Kansallisarkisto Helsinki www.narc.

Account Book Collection Record group Account Book Collection Tilikirjakokoelma Reference code : not applicable Period : 1529–1809 Extent : 10419 items, 559 metres Abstract This collection consists of records of the nancial administration in Finland from the period 1529–1809. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1542–1809 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Low German, Russian, Swedish

Items VA 223–237, 240, 618 and 703 consist of documents of the customs administration in Finland from the years 1549–1621. This is a very fragmentary collection of customs accounts from the Finnish staple towns of those days: Turku (Åbo, 1549, 1556–1559, 1576–1578, 1581–1585, 1590– 1597, 1601, 1606, 1610–1611, 1613), Viipuri (Viborg, 1549, 1559–1560, 1562, 1584–1597, 1599–1600, 1602, 1606, 1608–1614, 1618–1619), Pori (1583–1585, 1600–1601, 1610–1611), Rauma (1556–1557, 1562, 1583–1585, 1594–1597, 1600–1601), Porvoo (1610, 1616) and Helsinki (1606, 1610, 1616). Parts of the accounts are rather detailed, giving information not only on the ships’ cargoes and the duties paid for each commodity, but also on

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the owners of the cargoes, on the ports of the ships’ origin and destination, on the date of their arrival and departure, and on the master skippers. In items VA 7061–7079 there is some information about Finland’s foreign trade in the period 1717–1721, Finland then being occupied by Russian troops. Items VA 239–251 contain some tax rolls of the staple towns of Turku (1562–1625), Rauma (1560–1567) and Pori (1600). In the accounts of the staple town of Viipuri 1542–1608 (VA 4995–5907) one can nd lists of the burghers living in Viipuri and taxes paid by them. In items VA 6808–10395 there are, among other documents, the census lists drawn up every year since 1635 and covering all of Finland. The census lists of towns give details on burghers, master skippers and sailors as well as their families and livings. Accounts of the so-called private funds of the staple towns often give detailed information about their export and import, the toll called tolag (in German Zulage), port charges collected for measuring, packing and weighing, or loans granted to merchants from the town treasure. In items VA 7782, 7787, 7791, 7796, 7801, 7805, 7809, 7816, 7823, 7830, 7839, 7845 and 7851 there are, for example, extensive lists of the ships sailing from and arriving at Turku in the years 1794–1806, mentioning the ships’ name and captain, composition, value and owners of the cargo, date of arrival, ports of origin and destination, and amount of tolag paid. In items VA 9800–10419 there is some information about customs and port charges collected at the ports of Hamina, Viipuri, Narva, Tallinn, Arensburg (Kuressaare) and Riga in the period 1706–1783. Unfortunately, only the amounts handed in monthly from each harbour are available, without any more details. Occasionally, one can nd documents shedding light on the privileges granted to Finnish towns by Swedish kings, at least in items VA 6816–6820f (Nyen/Nevanlinna, Viipuri), VA 10115 (Hamina), VA 10341 (Käkisalmi, Sortavala). Accessibility The inventories numbered 101–120 are of a descriptive nature. They were handwritten in Swedish in the nineteenth century. Additionally, the inventory numbered 358 has been typewritten in Finnish at a later moment and lists the items VA 9800–10419 in thematic order. Because of their bad condition many items have to be consulted on microlm.

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Record creator / provenance The Kammaren (chamber), since 1634 Kammarkollegiet (chamber collegium), was in charge of the public nances in the Swedish Kingdom, a kind of nance ministry. In the Chamber, headed by a chamberlain and four councillors, there were two departments, the räntekammaren (revenue chamber) and räknekammaren (accounts chamber). All local ofcials dealing with public funds were obliged to yearly render to the Chamber an account of the revenues they had collected and the payments they had made. The revenue chamber took care of the funds delivered by the local ofcials in currency or in natura. In the accounts chamber the accounts were audited and then laid up in the archives. Even the tullnär (collector of customs) in his tullkammare (custom house) had to hand in his account every year. The Chamber Collegium still exists, but as it was remodelled over and over again it has lost its original power and functions. Custodial history When Finland was separated from Sweden and united with Russia, on the basis of the peace treaty of 17 September 1809, all historical materials concerning Finland had to be transferred from Sweden to Finland. Most records now belonging to the account book collection were taken from the Chamber archives (Kammararkivet, kept in Stockholm) and shipped to Finland in 1810–1812. Additionally, some materials found later on were brought to Finland in 1864. A few records concerning the nancial administration in Finland still remain in Stockholm, however. They are part of the Chamber archives (Kammararkivet), now preserved in the National Archives of Sweden (series Finska cameralia and Strödda nska räkenskaper och handlingar). Items VA 9800–10419 concern the nancial administration of the Finnish territories that were conquered from Sweden by Russia in 1721 and 1743. They were transferred to the National Archives in 1863 from the archives of the Russian ministry of justice. Copies A major part of the account book collection has been microlmed. Related materials Another part of the customs accounts of the Finnish staple towns, covering the period 1550–1638, is preserved in the National Archives of Sweden at Stockholm (Kammararkivet, Finska cameralia, Vols 81–90). They may be consulted in the National Archives of Finland at Helsinki on microlm (microlms FR 116–120).

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Census lists and accounts of the private funds of the staple towns are to be found among the records of the clerical ofces of the provincial governments and in city archives. Publications •

• • • •

•

Dillner, T.S., Studier rörande Finlands handel under tidrymden 1570–1622, Vol. 1, Utrikeshandelns beskattning 1570–1605 (Helsinki, 1897). Dillner, T.S., Tabeller rörande Finlands handel åren 1570–1622 (Historiallinen Arkisto, 13) (Helsinki, 1893). Edén, N., E. Schalling and L. Berglöf, Kammarkollegiets historia (Stockholm, 1941). Grotenfelt, Kustavi, Suomen kaupasta ja kaupungeista ensimmäisten Vaasa-kuninkaitten aikoina (Helsinki, 1887). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 4, Kammararkivet, ed. Chr. Danielson, H. Backhaus, J. Brunius and L.-O. Skoglund (Skrifter utgivna av Svenska Riksarkivet, 8) (Stockholm, 1995). Valtionarkiston yleisluettelo, Vol. 1, Översiktskatalog för Riksarkivet, Vol. 1 (Helsinki, 1956).

Customs House (I) in Helsinki Record group Customs House (I) in Helsinki Helsingin (I) tullikamari Reference code : not applicable Period : 1719–1938 Extent : 353 items, 30 metres Abstract These are the records of the customs house in Helsinki over the period 1719– 1938. It has been numbered as “I” because after 1926 there were six customs houses in Helsinki of which the one described here was the oldest. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1719–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

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These records do not include any journals of ships visiting the harbour of Helsinki, nor any accounts of the customs and charges collected during the period in question. What has been preserved, is the ofcial correspondence addressed to the customs house in the years 1719–1800 (items Ea:1–25). The letters sent from Stockholm in the name of the King, by the Commerce Collegium, by the Chamber Collegium or by the National Board of Customs, give full information on the principles followed by the Swedish customs administration in those days, on the customs tariffs (exposed to frequent changes), on occasional prohibitions against export and import of certain commodities, on privileges granted to single noblemen and merchants, on the rate of exchange between different currencies, and on the composition of the customs house staff in Helsinki, etc. Even single cases of contraband are touched upon in this correspondence. Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish), no. 720 (1981); also available online at: www.narc. :8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance In all the staple towns of the Swedish Kingdom there were, eventually, customs houses, which collected the customs paid for imported and exported cargoes. The customs house in Helsinki (in Swedish Helsingfors Stora Siö Tulls Cammare) was headed by a collector of customs (tullnär, later tullförvaltare). He was assisted by a controleur and two examiners (besökare) and, additionally, a lieutenant and four men serving aboard a revenue cutter. Under the customs house there were, at times, three customs stations operating on the coast, viz. Hankoniemi (in Swedish Hangöudd), Barösund and Porkkalanniemi (in Swedish Porkkalaudd), with one customs collector and one examiner each. When the government occasionally leased out the collection of customs, the customs houses were answerable to certain private persons or societies. The administrational history is, therefore, rather complicated. However, the customs houses were mostly subordinated to the National Board of Customs (in Swedish General stora siötulls Contoiret, later General Tull-Directionen) and to the Chamber Collegium and the Commerce Collegium, which were all located in Stockholm. Custodial history Helsinki (in Swedish Helsingfors) was founded in 1550 by Gustavus I Vasa, King of Sweden, and since then it was a staple town. All older records of the customs house probably disappeared in May 1713, when (because of a war)

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the town was burned to the ground. In November 1808, the customs house again burned down in a big re, destroying one-fourth of the town. Related materials Accounts of the customs house in Helsinki from the years 1583–1585, 1606, 1610 and 1616, which were sent to Stockholm to be audited there, are preserved in the Account Book Collection (VA 223, 225, 225a and 225b) kept at the National Archives of Finland in Helsinki. Fragmentary accounts from the years 1556–1585 and 1614 are still kept in the National Archives of Sweden in Stockholm (Kammararkivet, series Finska cameralia, Vol. 81), copies of which are available at the National Archives in Helsinki (microlm no. FR 116). Publications • •

Heikkinen, Sakari, Suomeen ja maailmalle. Tullilaitoksen historia (Helsinki, 1994). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vols. 5: 1–2, Centrala myndigheter och domstolar. Internationella organ, eds. Bertil Johansson et al., (Skrifter utgivna av Svenska Riksarkivet, 8) (Stockholm, 1999).

Duplicated Judgement Books of the Local Courts of Justice Record group Duplicated Judgement Books of the Local Courts of Justice Alioikeuksien renovoidut tuomiokirjat Reference code : not applicable Period : 1622–1712, 1722–1809 Extent : 485 metres Abstract Since 1623 the local courts of justice in Finland were obliged to send copies of their judgement books to the court of appeal then established in Turku. This record group consists of those copies, called duplicates, sent by town courts, district courts and courts of appeal in civil cases in rural areas.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1622–1809 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Swedish

The record group contains duplicates of judgement books of the following coastal towns: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Hamina (in Swedish Fredrikshamn), 1654–1739. Helsinki (Helsingfors), 1623–1809. Kokkola (Gamlakarleby), 1626–1808. Kristiina (Kristinestad), 1652–1809. Loviisa (Lovisa), 1748–1810. Naantali (Nådendal), 1647–1809. Narva (on Estonian territory), 1684–1700. Nevanlinna (Nyen, destroyed in 1703, nowadays on Russian territory), 1684–1698. Oulu (Uleåborg), 1628–1811. Pietarsaari (Jakobstad), 1654–1809. Pori (Björneborg), 1622–1809. Porvoo (Borgå), 1622–1805. Raahe (Brahestad), 1651–1810. Rauma (Raumo), 1624–1809. Tammisaari (Ekenäs), 1623–1809. Tornio (Torneå), 1789–1805. Turku (Åbo), 1623–1809. Uusikaarlepyy (Nykarleby), 1629–1809. Uusikaupunki (Nystad), 1644–1807. Vaasa (Vasa), 1623–1809. Viipuri (Viborg), 1622–1707.

The duplicates usually cover the years from 1622/1623 to 1809 with a gap from 1713 to 1721, due to the Great Nordic War. The town courts dealt with crimes committed aboard ships. They tried cases concerning illegal trading outside the town and trade illegally carried out by non-burghers. They decided upon bankruptcy affairs as well as civil cases between sellers and buyers, master skippers and other seamen concerning quality and quantity, prices, payments, shipping charges, and loss and wastage during the shipping. In case of a shipwreck or any kind of sea damage, the captain gave his ship’s protest in front of the courts.

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Before the sea toll courts were established (in 1690), all kinds of customs offences were tried by the local courts. Accessibility Concise inventory (no. 205), handwritten in Swedish (early twentieth century); printed in: Valtionarkiston yleisluettelo, Vol. I / Översiktskatalog för Riksarkivet, Vol. I (Helsinki, 1956), pp. 100–109; abridged version available online at: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance In order to improve the jurisdiction, a whole set of courts of appeal (in Finnish hovioikeus, in Swedish hovrätt) were established in the Swedish Kingdom in the early seventeenth century, rst of all in Stockholm (1614), then Turku (1623), Tartu (1630) and Jönköping (1634). These courts supervised and administered the local courts and heard the appeals against their decisions. The local courts had to deliver copies of their judgement books to be revised by these superior courts. The court of appeal in Turku was the only one in Finland until 1775, when another one was established in Vaasa for northern Finland. Both of them still exist. Custodial history The duplicated judgement books of the local courts have been transferred to the National Archives from the courts of appeal. In the big re that destroyed the town of Turku in 1827, the duplicates were mostly preserved because the storage room was made of brick and carefully closed. Copies The record group has been put almost entirely on microlm. Related materials In many towns the original judgement books of the town courts are preserved. They are described separately in this archival guide. Publications • •

Oja, Aulis, “Turun hovioikeuden vuotta 1827 vanhempi arkisto”, in: Historiallinen Aikakauskirja, 2 (1956). Orrman, Eljas, “Föreskrifter och praxis rörande domböcker i det Svenska riket samt domboksbeståndet i nska arkiv intill 1809”, in: Domboken

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som lologiskt och historiskt forskningsobjekt (Nordiska texter och undersökningar 30), ed. Harry Lönnroth (Uppsala, 2007). Valtionarkiston yleisluettelo, Vol. I / Översiktskatalog för Riksarkivet, Vol. I (Helsinki, 1956).

Judgement Book Collection of the Swedish Commerce Collegium Record group Judgement Book Collection of the Swedish Commerce Collegium Ruotsin kauppakollegion tuomiokirja-arkistoa Reference code : not applicable Period : 1730–1807 Extent : 11.5 metres Abstract The record group consists of extracts of the judgement books of excise courts, market and manufacture courts, town councils, sea toll courts, and border toll courts, sent from Finland to Stockholm on demand of the Commerce Collegium. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1730–1807 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

The materials include extracts of the judgement books of the following coastal town councils (items MaTk 1–44): • • • • • • • •

Helsinki (in Swedish Helsingfors), 1772–1791. Kokkola (Gamlakarleby), 1772–1798. Kristiina (Kristinestad), 1780–1802. Loviisa (Lovisa), 1772–1777. Naantali (Nådendal), 1779–1790. Oulu (Uleåborg), 1777–1805. Pietarsaari (Jakobstad), 1776–1806. Pori (Björneborg), 1772–1795.

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Porvoo (Borgå), 1773–1778. Raahe (Brahestad), 1772–1807. Rauma (Raumo), 1772–1789. Tammisaari (Ekenäs), 1772–1806. Tornio (Torneå), 1772–1807. Turku (Åbo), 1772–1806. Uusikaarlepyy (Nykarleby), 1772–1794. Uusikaupunki (Nystad), 1772–98. Vaasa (Vasa), 1772–1806.

Additionally, there are extracts of the judgement books of the following sea toll courts (items MTO 1–12): • • • • • • • • • • •

Helsinki (Helsingfors), 1778–1806. Kokkola (Gamlakarleby), 1766–1807. Kristiina (Kristinestad), 1793–1805. Loviisa (Lovisa), 1772–1786. Oulu (Uleåborg), 1772–1806. Pietarsaari (Jakobstad), 1794–1806. Pori (Björneborg), 1771–1806. Raahe (Brahestad), 1792–1805. Tornio (Torneå), 1787–1807. Turku (Åbo), 1735–1805. Vaasa (Vasa), 1766–1806.

Accessibility Inventory no. 208 (in Finnish), is a concise inventory, completed in 1960. The contents are also available in print in: Valtionarkiston yleisluettelo, Vol. I/ Översiktskatalog för Riksarkivet, Vol. I (Helsinki, 1956), pp. 109–112; abridged version available online at: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance The Commerce Collegium (in Finnish Kauppakollegio, in Swedish Kommerskollegium) was the ministry of commerce in Stockholm, founded in 1651. In order to be able to supervise and administer trade, sea shipping and industry in the Swedish Kingdom, it received extracts of the judgement books from special courts acting in this eld. The decisions of local courts in civil and criminal cases concerning economic matters could be appealed at the collegium. The Commerce Collegium still exists, but as it was remodelled over and over again, it has lost a major part of its powers and functions.

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The town councils examined applications for burghership, monthly stated the current prices, controlled the local sailors’ house, certied the local ships that were in Finnish/Swedish possession and that were entitled to have certain privileges, drew up the harbour regulations, built the harbours and had the port charges collected. The town court and the town council tried cases concerning illegal trading outside the town and trade illegally carried on by non-burghers. They decided upon bankruptcy affairs as well as civil cases between sellers and buyers, master skippers and other seamen concerning quality and quantity, prices, payments, shipping charges, and loss and wastage during the shipping. In case of shipwrecking or any kind of sea damage the captain gave his ship’s protest to them. In small towns such cases appeared a few times a year. The sea toll courts tried all kinds of smuggling cases. Peasants living on the coast tended to sail illegally to Estonia. If caught, they were sentenced by the court to pay a ne and their goods were sold on auction in favour of the Crown and the denouncer. If a vessel used for smuggling was found, but the crew had escaped, the vessel was sold on auction together with the goods. If the customs house ofcers suspected the cargo book to be incomplete or something to have been unloaded before the cargo was declared, the court ordered investigations and tried the case. Captains sometimes conrmed by oath their cargo books in front of the court. People landing without passport, e.g. serfs escaped from the Baltic area, were brought to trial. When a ship’s burden was suspected to be incorrect, the court annulled the measurement and ordered a new one. Custodial history When Finland was separated from Sweden and united with Russia, all historical records concerning Finland had to be transferred from Sweden to Finland according to the peace treaty of 17 September 1809. These materials were separated from the records of the Commerce Collegium in Stockholm and shipped over. On that occasion, however, some extracts of the Finnish special judgement books were overlooked and are still kept at the National Archives of Sweden in Stockholm. They have been microlmed and may be consulted at the National Archives of Finland in Helsinki (microlms FR 372–377). Copies The record group is available on microlm.

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Related materials Part of the original judgement books of the town courts and the sea toll courts is preserved in various provincial and town archives. They are described separately in this archival guide. Publications •

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Orrman, Eljas, “Föreskrifter och praxis rörande domböcker i det Svenska riket samt domboksbeståndet i nska arkiv intill 1809”, in: Domboken som lologiskt och historiskt forskningsobjekt (Nordiska texter och undersökningar 30), ed. Harry Lönnroth (Uppsala, 2007). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vols. 5:1–2, Centrala myndigheter och domstolar. Internationella organ (Skrifter utgivna av Svenska Riksarkivet, 8), ed. by Bertil Johansson et al. (Stockholm, 1999). Valtionarkiston yleisluettelo, Vol. I/Översiktskatalog för Riksarkivet, Vol. I (Helsinki, 1956).

Provincial Government of Uusimaa and Häme Record group Provincial Government of Uusimaa and Häme Uudenmaan ja Hämeen lääninhallitus Reference code : not applicable Period : 1638–1831 (–1931) Extent : 1124 metres Abstract The records of the provincial government of Uusimaa and Häme consist of two sub-groups, viz. records of the Provincial ofce (general administration) and records of the Provincial clerical ofce (taxation, collection of public revenues, payments from public funds). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1655–1736 : Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Sweden : Swedish

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Among the records of the sub-group Provincial clerical ofce, item Gde:1 contains the journals of the customs house in Busö in 1655 and its successor in Barösund in 1668–1690. The journals give notice of the passing vessels’ master skipper, home parish and capacity, ports of origin and destination, date of arrival and departure, composition and value of the cargo, and charges collected. The vast series of this record group may contain other relevant documents, but they are hard to nd by means of the inventories and a few sample tests. Item Gdm:1 includes accounts of the so-called private funds of the staple town of Helsinki from 1736. Unfortunately, the information is not very rich. Available are only the total amounts of the toll called tolag (in German Zulage), and of the port charges collected in that year by the town for measuring, packing, weighing, etc. (mätare-, wåg-, stämpel-, hamn-, bro-, brädvräkare-, grundpenningar). Extracts of the tolag journal and other lists and rolls, which once were enclosed with the accounts, have disappeared. Accessibility The inventories (in Finnish) numbered 710, 710a and 710b are relatively new and scanty; also available online at: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance Sweden saw a great administrational reform in 1634. According to the new constitution the kingdom was divided into provinces, of which the governments were uniformly organised. In Finland proper, there were four, occasionally ve provinces, one of which was the province of Uusimaa and Häme (in Finnish Uudenmaan ja Hämeen lääni, in Swedish Nylands och Tavastehus län). It existed up to 1831, when it was divided into two parts: the province of Uusimaa (around Helsinki) and the province of Häme (around Hämeenlinna and Tampere). The customs house in Busö-Barösund was situated in the province of Uusimaa and Häme. The customs house was founded in Busö around 1651 and moved to Barösund in 1662. Busö is an island off the town of Tammisaari (in Swedish Ekenäs), Barösund is a narrow sound off the parish of Inkoo (Swedish Ingå). (Both Tammisaari and Inkoo are situated on the coast west of Helsinki.) This customs house was only intended for peasant sailors sailing from Finland and Sweden to Estonia and Livonia (Latvia) and back. Since Estonia and Livonia belonged to the Swedish Kingdom, as did Finland, the peasant sailors were not obliged to pay the great sea toll (den stora sjötullen) but only certain charges (lastpenningar, passpen-

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ningar). How and when its journals became part of this record group, is unknown. Publications • •

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Brenner, Alf, Ingå, Fagervik, Degerby, Vol. I (Ekenäs, 1936). Kerkkonen, Gunvor, Österbottningar och karelare i handel på Reval. Färder på 1600-talet via nyländska tullhamnar (Historiallinen Arkisto, 70) (Helsinki, 1975) (summary: Die Österbottnier und Karelier auf Handelsreisen nach Reval im 17. Jahrhundert). Koskull, Walter von, Pojo sockens historia, Vol. II, 1600-talet och 1700talets första årtionden (Pojo, 1966); translation: Pohjan pitäjän historia, Vol. II, 1600-luku ja 1700-luvun ensi vuosikymmenet (Pohja, 1966). Rask, Henry, Snappertuna. En kustbygds hävder, Vol. I, Forntid-1809 (Ekenäs, 1991). Sörndal, Olof, Den svenska länsstyrelsen. Uppkomst, organisation och allmänna maktställning (Lund, 1937).

NATIONAL LIBRARY OF FINLAND Kansalliskirjasto Helsinki www.lib.helsinki.

A.E. Nordenskiöld Collection Record group A.E. Nordenskiöld Collection A.E. Nordenskiöldin kokoelma Reference code : not applicable Period : 1475–1800 Extent : c. 28000 items

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Abstract The collection includes approximately 24000 maps, charts and drawings, mainly printed or reprinted, in some cases handmade or lmed, dating from before 1800 and originating from all over the world. In addition, there are about 3870 monographs, serials, periodicals and manuscripts, which chiey concern geography and cartography. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1585–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, English, French, High German, Italian, Latin, Low German, Polish, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, various languages

Especially relevant are the following 140 sea charts from the period 1585–1779: • • • • • • • •

Baltic Sea: 59 charts, 1585–1764 (listed in the catalogue mentioned under “Accessibility”, Vol. 5:2, p. 29). Gulf of Bothnia: 7 charts, 1646–1764 (catalogue, Vol. 5:2, p. 35). Great Belt (Store Bælt, Denmark): 13 charts, 1585–1744 (catalogue, Vol. 5:2, p. 54). Gulf of Finland: 8 charts, c. 1600–1764 (catalogue, Vol. 5:2, p. 66). Gulf of Riga: 1 chart, 1585 (catalogue, Vol. 5:2, p. 169). North Sea: 31 charts, 1585–1779 (catalogue, Vol. 5:2, p. 188). Sound (Öresund): 20 charts, 1585–1764 (catalogue, Vol. 5:2, p. 190). Sea of Alandia (between Stockholm and Turku): 1 chart, 1657 (catalogue, Vol. 5:2, p. 228).

In addition, there are maps of almost all maritime towns around the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, as well as of the islands and the navigable rivers. Accessibility The main nding aid is a printed catalogue (in English) in ve volumes: A.-M. Mickwitz, L. Miekkavaara, T. Rantanen and C. af Forselles-Riska, The A.E. Nordenskiöld Collection in the Helsinki University Library. Annotated Catalogue of Maps made up to 1800, Vols. 1–5 (Helsinki, 1979–1995),

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including a short biography of Nordenskiöld and a history of the origins and the purchase of the collection. Vols 4, 5:1 and 5:2 contain ve indexes: 1) 2) 3) 4)

Alphabetical index of titles of maps. Alphabetical index of authors of atlases, books and loose maps. Chronological index of atlases, books and loose maps. Alphabetical index of names of cartographers, engravers, map-authors and publishers. 5) Alphabetical index of geographical names. The atlases, monographs, serials and periodicals are included in the database catalogue of the National Library at: www.helsinki./helka/english/index.htm (choose “Helka Online Catalogue”, in the section “search for” enter “H N”, and at the same time select “call number” from the eight options). Record creator / provenance Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld (1832–1901) was born in Finland and got his doctor’s degree in Helsinki. He had to leave the country for political reasons and settled down in Sweden, where he earned his living as director and professor at the mineralogical department of the National Museum of Natural History in Stockholm. He became world-famous because of the ten scientic expeditions he made, together with other scientists, to the arctic regions, especially the expedition through the North-East Passage in 1878–1880. Nordenskiöld was an avid collector in the elds of mineralogy, paleobotany, geographic literature, Japanese literature, Eskimo artefacts, etc. During the last decades of his life, he focused on historical cartography. He collected old maps, published and republished them in printed atlases and wrote books and articles about the history of cartography. Custodial history The collection was purchased by the state of Finland from A.E. Nordenskiöld’s estate in 1902 and transferred to the National Library, then called Helsinki University Library. Visually attractive Many maps and charts are beautifully coloured by hand.

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Ill. 5. Map of the Baltic Sea and the surrounding regions, 1532, by the Bavarian scholar Jacob Ziegler (1470–1549), who seems to have never visited northern Europe and drew the map based on a meeting with Scandinavian prelates at Rome and pure imagination. National Library of Finland (Helsinki): “A.E. Nordenskiöld Collection”, no. 313:8.

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Copies About one hundred maps have been digitised and may be viewed at the National Library on the CD-ROM called “Terra Cognita”. Some of them are relevant with respect to the Baltic Sea. Related materials In February 2001, the notorious English thief Melvin Nelson Perry stole six maps from this collection. After he was arrested, four maps were returned. The missing two (already sold or hidden) are the “Cosmographia” by Claudius Ptolemaeus (Ulm, 1486) (catalogue, Vol. 2, p. 155, catalogue no. 200, map 1), and “Nova Belgica et Anglia Nova” by Joan Blaeu (Amsterdam, 1662) (catalogue, Vol. 1, p. 72, catalogue no. 23, Vol. XI, map 4). Publications • • • •

Miekkavaara, L., and T. Rantanen, Nordenskiöldin kokoelma ja sen merkitys tutkijalle (Helsinki, 1984). Nordenskiöld, A.E., Facsimile-Atlas till kartograens äldsta historia (Stockholm, 1889). Nordenskiöld, A.E., Periplus. Utkast till sjökortens och sjöböckernas äldsta historia (Stockholm, 1897). Ramsay, Henrik, Nordenskiöld. Sjöfararen (Helsingfors, 1950).

Minister Carl Enckell’s Map Collection Record group Minister Carl Enckell’s Map Collection Ministeri Carl Enckellin karttakokoelma Reference code : not applicable Period : 1493–1850 Extent : c. 600 items Abstract The collection comprises mainly printed maps and charts of northern Europe (Nordic and Baltic countries, Poland and Russia, the North Pole region), the focus being on Finland and its borders through the centuries.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1588–1798 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, English, French, High German, Italian, Latin, Russian, Swedish

Relevant are the sea maps depicting the Gulf of Finland (nos. 340–359, dating from 1588–1792), the Bothnic Gulf (nos. 360–366, 1681–1850) and the Baltic Sea (nos. 387–403, 1666–1854). Place or date of publication are not always mentioned, nor are the names of the cartographer, the engraver or the publisher. However, there are charts by Abraham Maas (1641–1729), Pieter Goos (1666), J. van Keulen (1681–1696), C.J. Vooght (1681–1696), H. Bentze (1700), H. Moll (1709–1736), L. Renard (1715–1745), T. Mayer (1751, 1791), A. Åkerman (1768), J. Bew (1782), J. Nordenankar (1789, 1791), J. Covens (1791), W. Faden (1803), N.G. Werming (1808), J. Janssonius, J. van Loon, J. Loots, J. Rapkin and M. Senex. Four charts are more detailed than the others. No. 353 shows Hankoniemi (in Swedish Hangöudd) with surroundings (undated, coloured). Nos. 354 and 355 show the waters between Kronstadt and St. Petersburg (by Grimmel, undated, coloured). No. 352 was drawn or published by N.G. Werming in 1808 and depicts the waters around the town of Helsinki (in Swedish Helsingfors) and Fort Viapori (in Swedish Sveaborg). Thirty-two of these maps and charts are partly or wholly coloured. No. 359, the oldest among these sea maps (from 1588, coloured), shows the Gulf of Finland, “wherin lye the Narue and Wyburgh the twoo furthermost places of marchante townes of the whole Easterne Navigation with all the Circumstances of the Situation . . .”. Furthermore, in this collection there are plenty of maps depicting Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, the Baltic provinces and western parts of Russia. Accessibility Detailed inventory (in Finnish), indicating the title and the place and time of publication of each map, names of cartographers, engravers, map-authors and publishers.

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Record creator / provenance Carl Johan Alexis Enckell (1876–1959) initially started a military career in the Tsarist Russian army and then became an engineer, working at Finnish docks and factories. Being the son of a Finnish general in Russian service and having achieved his engineer’s degree in Dresden, he mastered several languages and eventually made a grand diplomatic career as state secretary of Finnish affairs at St. Petersburg in 1917–1918, as the Finnish envoy at Paris in the period 1919–1927, and as minister of foreign affairs in ten governments during the years 1918–1950. Collecting maps was his hobby for many years. He kept expanding his collection during his journeys, especially in France, Switzerland, Belgium and Holland. He even studied the history of cartography, giving lessons and writing articles about it. Visually attractive Many maps and charts have been beautifully coloured by hand. Copies The whole collection has been put on microlm (no. A 229, black-andwhite). Related materials •

Carl Enckell Collection (reference code: Coll. 362.1–5, inv. no. 469), consisting of ve items and containing letters sent and received by Enckell when expanding his map collection, notes on old maps, charts, handmade copies of maps, and manuscripts of lessons and articles on the history of chartography.

Publications • •

Forselles-Riska, C. af, “Ministeri Carl Enckellin karttakokoelma”, in: Bibliophilos, 1 (1991). Forselles-Riska, C. af, Brobyggaren. Carl Enckells liv och verksamhet fram till slutet av 1917 (Skrifter utgivna av Svenska Litteratursällskapet i Finland, 628) (Helsinki, 2001).

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National Collection Record group National Collection Kansalliskokoelma Reference code : not applicable Period : 1488–up to the present Extent : several millions of items (continuously increasing) Abstract The National Collection comprises in principle all publications ever released in Finland, and all publications concerning Finland released in other countries. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1550–1809 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, English, French, High German, Russian, Swedish

The National Collection contains about 900 atlases and 70,000 maps, of which the following sea charts and maps are relevant: •

•

68 sea charts covering the Baltic Sea or parts of it, the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Bothnia, published by J. Nordenankar, M. Bellin, F. de Wit, J.H. Moore, G. Keulen, J. van Keulen, J. Robijn, A. Nagajeff, T. Mayer, A. Åkerman, G. Lotter, E. Åkerlund, M. Seutter and N. Strömcrona, 1686–1801. Most of the charts are printed, many of them are coloured, only one is handmade. In ten cases, the information about the time or place of publication is defective. The handmade (coloured) chart depicts the coast and waters off and eastward from the town of Hamina (in Swedish Fredrikshamn), and was obviously drawn between 1721 and 1743. 17 maps and plans of the town of Helsinki (in Swedish Helsingfors), and of its harbour and entrance channel, 1550–1809 (mostly modern copies).

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15 maps and plans of other Finnish maritime towns: Hamina (in Swedish Fredrikshamn), Pori (Björneborg), Tammisaari (Ekenäs), Tornio (Torneå), Turku (Åbo), Uusikaarlepyy (Nykarleby), and Vaasa (Vasa), 1696–1809 (partly modern reprints).

Accessibility The main nding aid is the printed catalogue (in Finnish and Swedish) edited by Anna-Maija Pietilä, covering the microlmed maps in the National Collection originating from before 1810: Kansalliskokoelman mikrokuvatut kartat ennen vuotta 1810 / Nationalsamlingens mikrolmade kartor före året 1810 (Helsinki, 1994). The catalogue is provided with a personal index of the cartographers, engravers and publishers, and with an alphabetical index of the map and chart titles; also available at: www.lib.helsinki./palvelut/ Luettelot/kartmeri.htm. Record creator / provenance The National Library, then situated in Turku and called University Library, burned down in 1827, as did almost the entire town. Since then, printers have been obligated to send one or several issues of whatever was printed in Finland (and up to 1917 even in Russia) to the Library. Publications older than that or printed in other countries are partly donations by private persons and institutions, partly acquisitions. Visually attractive Some of the charts and maps are beautifully coloured. Copies The charts and maps in the National Collection originating from before 1810 have been put on microlm (no. A 228). Publications •

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Klinge, M., R. Knapas, A. Leikola and J. Strömberg, Helsingin yliopisto 1640–1990, Vols. 1–3 (Keuruu, 1987–1990); translation: Helsingfors universitet 1640–1990 (Helsinki, 1988–1991). Vallinkoski, J., The History of the University Library at Turku, 2 vols. (Helsingin yliopiston kirjaston julkaisuja, 21, 37) (Helsinki, 1948, 1975).

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Ill. 6. Map of southern Sweden and Finland, printed in 1747 at Stockholm, probably based on a secret and stolen map produced by the Swedish land surveying ofce from c. 1704. National Library of Finland (Helsinki): “National Collection”, no. I 2/27.

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Paul Scheel Collection Record group Paul Scheel Collection Paul Scheelin kokoelma Reference code : A.I.47 a–b Period : 1498–1516 Extent : 121 documents Abstract The collection consists of 121 letters and other documents. The majority of these are business letters written in Low German and addressed to the clergyman Paul Scheel. Another part of the collection concerns Paul Scheel’s nominations for clerical ofces or his role as benefactor of Finnish students studying in German universities. The papers are written in Latin and are sometimes addressed to the capitular body in Turku. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1509–1516 : Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Sweden : Latin, Low German, Swedish

Relevant is Paul Scheel’s business correspondence. Although a prominent clergyman, Scheel was trading on a regular basis with several foreign merchants. He corresponded with businessmen in Gdansk (Hans Chonnert senior and his widow, Hans Chonnert junior, Klaus Strobock), in Tallinn (Hans Suurpää and his widow Gertrud, Viktor van der Lippe, Herman Yssechel), in Lübeck (Herman Bremer), and in Stralsund (Olof Lorber). These merchants imported salt, wine, grain, clothes and other commodities from central Europe to Turku on Scheel’s account. He ordered chalk, copperplates and bells for the construction and reparation of churches. Through these foreign agents he tried even to trace skilful carpenters, brickmakers and -layers in central Europe. Unfortunately only the merchants’ letters to Paul Scheel are preserved in this collection, quite unique in Finland, but none written by Scheel to the merchants.

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Accessibility Inventory, numbered 210 (in Finnish). The records have to be consulted on microches. Record creator / provenance Paul Scheel (c. 1465–1516) was born in Finland, studied in Greifswald (Germany), achieved a master’s degree in Paris, and made an ecclesiastical career in Turku (Åbo, south-west Finland). He was secretary of the bishop, then archpresbyter, archdeacon and nally canon, second to none but the bishop. Copies The collection has been put on microches (nos. Ms.Mf.k.14 in the National Library). The originals cannot be consulted. Publications • •

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Bomansson, K.A., Turun tuomioprovasti Paavali Scheel ja hänen sukuperänsä. (Historiallinen Arkisto, I) (Helsinki, 1866). Finlands medeltids urkunder, Vols. VI–VII, 1496–1518, ed. Reinhold Hausen (Helsinki, 1930–1933); comprising all 121 documents in Paul Scheel’s collection. Grönblad, Edward, Nya källor till Finlands medeltidshistoria (Copenhagen, 1857); containing a selection of Scheel’s letters.

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MIKKELI PROVINCIAL ARCHIVES Mikkelin Maakunta-Arkisto Mikkeli www.narc./Arkistolaitos/mma

Customs House in Viipuri Record group Customs House in Viipuri Viipurin tullikamari Reference code : not applicable Period : 1724–1812 Extent : 246 items, 28.5 metres Abstract The materials consist of the records of the customs house in Viipuri (Viborg, in modern-day Russia near the Finnish border) and of some customs stations on the Swedish-Russian border, dating from the period 1724–1812. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1724–1812 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Low German, Russian, Swedish

The records have been arranged chronologically. Every year the customs house drew up one journal listing ships entering and leaving the port and another journal registering the ships and cargoes that had been examined. Each ship’s name, origin, volume and captain are mentioned as well as the composition, value and owners of the cargo, the date of arrival, the ports of departure and destination, and the amount of customs and various port charges (Last-, Wage-, Packhaus-, Stempel-, Salz- and Feuergelder, Jarlicken) paid. Reports of the ships and of import and export as well as accounts of

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the collected customs and charges were drawn up weekly, monthly, thrice a year and annually. These were sent to the authorities to whom the custom house was answerable, but a copy remained in the archives. The activities of the customs house were strictly regulated by imperial ukases and the customs inspector’s orders emanating from St. Petersburg, which are well preserved among other correspondence. All records were initially written mainly in Swedish and German, later on only in Russian. Accessibility Descriptive inventory (in Finnish) (1916); copy also available at the National Archives at Helsinki; abridged version available online at: www. narc.:8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance After Russian troops had conquered Viipuri (Viborg) from Sweden in 1710, the Viipurin tullikamari (in Swedish Viborgs sjötullkammare, German Wiburgsches Seezollhaus/Zollkontor zu Wiburg, Russian Vyborgskaya portovaya tamozhnya) became part of the Russian customs administration in the newly conquered territories. It was mostly subordinated and answerable to the Commerce Collegium (in Russian commerts-kollegiya), founded in 1719 at St. Petersburg. During the years 1784–97, however, it came under the Cameral Palace in Viipuri (in Finnish Viipurin kameraalihovi, Swedish Viborgska kameralhovet/Viborgska nanskammaren, German Wiburgscher Kameralhof, Russian Vyborgskaya kazionnaya palata). When Russia had entirely conquered Finland from Sweden, the province of Viipuri was again integrated in the Grand Duchy of Finland (1812). The customs house of Viipuri was then subordinated to the newly founded National Board of Customs of the Grand Duchy. Custodial history The records were originally kept in the town archives of Viipuri. During World War II, before Soviet troops conquered the town, the town archives were evacuated. The records were nally transferred to the Mikkeli Provincial Archives in 1953. Related materials The records of the customs house from the period before 1724 have largely perished. Fragmentary customs accounts from the years 1550–1601

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and 1603–1608 have been preserved, however, at the National Archives of Sweden in Stockholm (Kammararkivet, series of Finska kameralia, Vols. 83, 84), copies of which are available at the National Archives in Helsinki (microlms nos. FR 116, 117). Publications •

•

Ranta, Raimo, “Vanhan Suomen talouselämä vuosina 1721–43”, 1–2, in: Historiallisia tutkimuksia, 130, 1–2 (Jyväskylä, 1985), including a summary called “The Economy of Russian Finland from 1721 to 1743”. Ruuth, J.W., and Erkki Kuujo, Viipurin kaupungin historia, Vol. III, Vuodet 1710–1812 (Lappeenranta, 1975).

Other remarks Kaarle Soikkeli, the town archivist of Viipuri in the early twentieth century, was the author of a large treatise on the foreign trade of Viipuri in the years 1710–1812, based mainly on the records mentioned above. In his work he cited the customs tariffs applied in Viipuri, and specied and counted the various collected customs and port charges. He tabulated, decade by decade, the number, quality and capacity of the ships visiting the harbour, their home countries and ports and their captains, the ports of departure and destination, the loading ports and times spent in and around Viipuri, the sailing times between different harbours, the length of the navigation season, and the export and import of the town in detail. There is information on shipwrecks, pests and other fatal diseases hindering the trade every now and then, etc. Soikkeli paid, of course, much attention to the merchant marine and mercantile rms based at the staple Viipuri, mentioning each ship and merchant individually, including the foreign rms then active in the town. His tables and graphics fully prove the predominance of Dutch trading vessels in the foreign trade of Viipuri up to the 1770s. Soikkeli’s work in six volumes and 1481 pages, type-written in Finnish, was never printed, but the above-mentioned authors Erkki Kuujo and Raimo Ranta owe much to him. The manuscript is preserved in the Kaarle Soikkeli Collection at the Mikkeli Provincial Archives.

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Hamina Town Court and Town Council Record group Hamina Town Court and Town Council Haminan raastuvanoikeus ja maistraatti Reference code : not applicable Period : 1680–1946 Extent : 25.5 metres Abstract The record group consists of diaries, census lists, tax and burgher rolls, judgement books with attachments, correspondence, and accounts of the town council and the town court. In addition, there are sea passports, inventories of deceased persons’ properties, proceedings of the auction rooms, ship measuring books, and ship’s protest rolls kept by the notary public. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1685–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Swedish

Relevant series include the following: • • • • • • •

•

Ba: Burgher rolls, 1723–1775. Ca: Judgement books of the town court and council, 1723–1744, 1763–1768, 1777–1779, 1785–1800. Hf: Attachments, 1735–1800. Da, Ea, Eg: Correspondence, 1685–1741. Ed: Inventories of deceased persons’ properties, 1726–1772. Ek: Sea passports, 1730–1739. Ga: Accounts of the town, including tolag journals from many years offering detailed information on the import and export through Hamina port, 1724–1746. Hd: Ship measuring books, 1724–1800.

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Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish); also available online at: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance In every town of the Swedish Kingdom there was, since the Middle Ages, a town council, consisting of one or several burgomasters (in Finnish pormestari, in Swedish borgmästare) and at least four councillors (raatimies or rådman). This organ took care of the municipal administration and of the jurisdiction. The council (raati or rådet) was elected yearly, being to a large extent self-completing, with the average burgher taking part in the process at times. The elections of the burgomasters were often inuenced by the governors, and later they were appointed by the king. Gradually, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a functional differentiation took place, in big towns resulting in two separate organs. The town council (maistraatti or magistraten), headed by a municipal burgomaster (kunnallispormestari or politieborgmästare), attended to the municipal administration. The town court (raastuvanoikeus or rådstugurätten), headed by a juridical burgomaster (oikeuspormestari or justitieborgmästare) was acting as a court of justice. Even so, these two organs had to cooperate and therefore jointly decided on certain matters. For this reason their records can hardly be entirely separated. The town of Vehkalahti (in Swedish Weckelax) was established in 1653. It was granted the staple rights in 1723 and renamed as Hamina (in Swedish Friedrichshamn, later Fredrikshamn), after the king of Sweden then reigning. The town council and town court consisted of one burgomaster and four councillors. The long story of the town courts in Finland ended in the 1980s and 1990s, when their duties were transferred to newly established organs. The town councils still exist, but since 1996 these, being part of the state administration, only deal with the registration of the population. Custodial history The town of Hamina was burned down in 1712 and 1742 during wars. For this reason, little archival material remains from the period before 1723. Copies For copies of the judgement books of the town court from 1654 to 1739 (series Ca), see the record group of “Duplicated Judgement Books of the

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Local Courts of Justice” (National Archives of Finland, Helsinki). This record group has been put on microlm, which may be consulted at the National Archives in Helsinki. Publications • •

• •

Halila, Aimo, Haminan historia, Vol. III (Mikkeli, 1969). Nordenstreng, Sigurd, Fredrikshamns stads historia, 3 vols. (Fredrikshamn, 1908–1911), translation: Haminan kaupungin historia (Hamina, 1909–1912). Nordenstreng, Sigurd, Fredrikshamn såsom befäst gränsort och stapelstad 1721–1811 (Vaasa, 1909). Nordenstreng, Sigurd, and Aimo Halila, Haminan historia, Vols. I–II (Mikkeli, 1974–1975).

Merchant Houses in Viipuri Record group Merchant Houses in Viipuri Viipurin kauppahuoneet Reference code : not applicable Period : 1697–1864 Extent : 48 items Abstract The record group contains account and copybooks of merchants, merchant houses and industrial enterprises once active in Nevanlinna (Nyen) and Viipuri (Viborg). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1697–1800 : Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, English, High German, Russian, Swedish

The account books numbered 1 to 3 (in Kaarle Soikkeli’s system: J 1–3) deal extensively with the import of the merchant house Matthias Wischman from

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individual merchant houses in Amsterdam, Haarlem, Lübeck and Hamburg from 1697 to 1705, and with his other activities. Wischman was running his businesses rst in Nevanlinna (Nyen) and from 1704 in Viipuri. Item J 3a is the copybook of the merchant house Thomas Dunn & Hindrich Haveman in Viipuri. All the letters copied there have been written and sent in 1717. The town was then, as the whole of Finland, occupied by the Russian army, but the merchant house had close connections with and agents in St. Petersburg, Tallinn and several Finnish towns. Visits of Dutch and English convoys were, because of the Great Nordic War, irregular but ardently expected. Merchant house Dykander was one of the most prosperous in late eighteenth-century Viipuri. Its accounts and copybooks (J 14–24) shed light especially on the close commercial contacts between Viipuri and St. Petersburg from 1768 to 1797. Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish), (1916), copy available at the National Archives in Helsinki; also available online at the database of the Finnish Archives Administration: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW (see there under “Toiminimi Thomas Dunnin ja Hindrich Havemannin arkisto”, “Toiminimi Jonas Dykanderin arkisto”, “Johan Lenningin arkisto”, “Juvan saha ja mylly”, “Rokkalan peilitehdas”, “Toiminimi Matthias Wischmanin arkisto”, “David Zollenkopn arkisto”). Record creator / provenance The account books once belonged to merchants, merchant houses and industrial enterprises active in Viipuri (in Swedish Viborg) and surroundings. Part of these had started in Nevanlinna (in Swedish Nyen), the Swedish town at the mouth of the Neva River. When the Russian troops conquered Nevanlinna in 1703, the merchants moved to Viipuri and to other Finnish towns. Custodial history The records were initially kept at the Viipuri town archives. When they were sorted in 1915–1916 by Kaarle Soikkeli, he composed a series of the account books (then comprising more than 50 items) marked J 1–51. During World War II, before the Soviet troops conquered Viipuri, part of the town archives were evacuated and nally placed in the Mikkeli Provincial Archives (1953).

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Related materials One account book of Hindrich Havemann from the 1720s is kept in his personal collection at the National Archives in Helsinki. Publications •

•

Astala, Keijo, “Ison vihan aikainen viipurilainen kauppakirjeiden jäljennöskirja”, in: Mikkelin seudun muistomerkkien kerrontaa. Suur-Savon Museoyhdistyksen julkaisuja, Vol. I (Mikkeli, 1966). Grandell, Axel, Äldre redovisningsformer i Finland. En undersökning av den företagsekonomiska redovisningens utveckling i Finland intill 1800talets slut (Företagsekonomiska Föreningens skriftserie, 1) (Helsinki, 1944).

Viipuri Town Council Record group Viipuri Town Council Viipurin maistraatti Reference code : not applicable Period : 1455–1947 Extent : 113 metres Abstract The record group consists of many different diaries, lists and rolls, judgement books with attachments, correspondence, and accounts of the Viipuri town council and town court. The records of the town court up to the 1780s have mostly perished in bombardments and res. Whatever remains up to 1813 is entirely included in this record group. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1455–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Russian, Swedish

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Relevant series include the following: •

• • • • • • •

Ca: Proceedings of the town council, 1721–1722, 1726–1800, and a few judgement books of the town court (which, exceptionally, have been preserved). Ha: Attachments, 1702–1800. Ea-Ed: Incoming letters and documents, 1784–1800. Eg: Town privileges, 1455–1847. Da: Copies of outgoing letters, 1784–1800. Bd: Burgher rolls, 1796–1797. Ga: Account books, including notes on sea trafc charges and therefore providing much information on trade and shipping, 1702–1800. Gv: Accounts of sea trafc charges, 1743.

Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish) (1916), copy at the National Archives in Helsinki; abridged version available online at the database of the Finnish Archives Administration: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance In every town of the Swedish Kingdom there was, since the Middle Ages, a town council, consisting of one or several burgomasters (in Finnish pormestari, in Swedish borgmästare) and at least four councillors (raatimies or rådman). This organ took care of the municipal administration and of the jurisdiction. The council (raati or rådet) was elected yearly, being to a large extent self-completing, with the average burgher taking part in the process at times. The elections of the burgomasters were often inuenced by the governors, and later they were appointed by the king. Gradually, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a functional differentiation took place, in big towns resulting in two separate organs. The town council (maistraatti or magistraten), headed by a municipal burgomaster (kunnallispormestari or politieborgmästare), attended to the municipal administration. The town court (raastuvanoikeus or rådstugurätten), headed by a juridical burgomaster (oikeuspormestari or justitieborgmästare) was acting as a court of justice. Even so, these two organs had to cooperate and therefore jointly decided on certain matters. For this reason their records can hardly be entirely separated. The town of Viipuri must already have existed in the fourteenth century, because the town council is mentioned in records from 1393. It was granted privileges in 1403 by Eric of Pomerania, King of Denmark, Norway and

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Sweden, and was later on regarded as a staple town. At times, there were four burgomasters and nine councillors in the town council and the town court. From 1694 onward, only two burgomasters and six councillors were appointed. Since 1944 Viipuri has been part of Russian territory, as it was from 1710 to 1811. Custodial history The records were initially kept at the town archives of Viipuri (Viborg). During World War II, before the Soviet troops conquered the town, a major part was evacuated, to be nally placed at the Mikkeli Provincial Archives in 1953. Copies For copies of the judgement books of the town court from 1622 to 1707 (series Ca), see the record group of “Duplicated Judgement Books of the Local Courts of Justice” (National Archives of Finland, Helsinki). This record group has been put on microlm, which may be consulted at the National Archives in Helsinki. Related materials When in June 1944 Soviet troops conquered Viipuri, the town archives were evacuated. Part of the records, however, remained in the town (these materials are not relevant with regard to Baltic Sea trade and shipping). Today, these records are kept in the Leningrad Regional State Archives in Vyborg (Leningradskij Oblastnoj Gosudarstvennyj Arhiv v gorode Vyborg): Shturma St. 1, 188900 Vyborg, Russia. There, the town council records are to be found in collection no. 70, whereas the town court records are to be found in collection no. 71. Publications •

•

• •

Ranta, Raimo, Vanhan Suomen talouselämä vuosina 1721–43, Vols. 1–2 (Historiallisia tutkimuksia, 130: 1–2) (Jyväskylä, 1985), with a summary entitled “The Economy of Russian Finland from 1721 to 1743”. Ranta, Raimo, “Viipurin ulkomaankauppa ja merenkulku 1710–1721”, in: Studia historica in honorem Vilho Niitemaa hänen 70-vuotispäivänään 16.3.1987 (Tammisaari, 1987). Ruuth, J.W., Viborgs stads historia, Vols. I–II (Helsinki, 1906). Ruuth, J.W., Viipurin kaupungin historia I vuoteen 1617 (Viipuri, 1931).

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Ruuth, J.W. et al., Viipurin kaupungin historia, Vols. I–V (Lappeenranta, 1974–1982). Semjonova, L.M., Venäjän Itämeren kaupan kehitys 1600-luvulla ja 1700-luvun alussa sekä Pietarin sataman synty (Turun Historiallinen Arkisto, 36) (Vammala, 1982).

Other remarks Kaarle Soikkeli, the town archivist of Viipuri in the early twentieth century, was the author of a large unpublished treatise on the foreign trade of Viipuri during the period 1710–1812, based mainly on the records of the local customs house. See the record group of the “Custom House in Viipuri”.

OULU PROVINCIAL ARCHIVES Oulun Maakunta-Arkisto Oulu www.narc./Arkistolaitos/oma

Customs House in Oulu Record group Customs House in Oulu Oulun tullikamari Reference code : not applicable Period : 1720–1920 Extent : 71 metres Abstract The record group consists mainly of diaries, incoming ofcial letters, copies of outgoing letters, accounts and verications of the customs house in Oulu.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1724–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Relevant are the correspondence from the period 1724–1800 (series KI, KId, KIe, KIId), accounts from the years 1766–99 (KIa), and other documents from the period 1728–1800 (KIc). Among the accounts there are sea toll journals, which mention ships entering and leaving the port. Each ship’s name, type, burden, home port and captain are listed as well as the composition, value and owners of the cargo, date of arrival, ports of departure and destination, and amount of sea toll paid. The import and export of the town has been treated statistically each year, per country and product. The customs declarations by captains and cargo owners also appear to have been perfectly preserved (KIc). Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish); copy available at the National Archives in Helsinki; also available online at the database of the Finnish Archives Administration: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance The town of Oulu (in Swedish Uleåborg) was established in 1605 by Charles IX, King of Sweden. In the mercantilistic system it was considered an inland town, the burghers being allowed to sail to Turku and Stockholm only, until in 1765 it was granted full staple rights. The customs house in Oulu (in Swedish Uleåborgs Stora Siö Tulls Cammare) established at that occasion, was headed by a collector of customs (tullförvaltare), who was assisted by two examiners (besökare). Related materials For a customs journal of Oulu from 1620, see the record group of “Account Book Collection”, item VA 227. For extracts of the proceedings of the Oulu sea toll court from the period 1772–1806, see the record group of “Judgement Book Collection of the Swedish Commerce Collegium”.

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Publications • • •

•

Halila, Aimo, Oulun kaupungin historia, Vol. II 1721–1809 (Oulu, 1953). Heikkinen, Sakari, Suomeen ja maailmalle. Tullilaitoksen historia (Helsinki, 1994). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 5:1–2, Centrala myndigheter och domstolar. Internationella organ, ed. Bertil Johansson et al. (Skrifter utgivna av Svenska Riksarkivet, 8) (Stockholm, 1999). Virkkunen, A.H., Oulun kaupungin historia, Vol. I, Kaupungin alkuajoilta isonvihan loppuun (Oulu, 1919/1953).

Customs House in Raahe Record group Customs House in Raahe Raahen tullikamari Reference code : not applicable Period : 1792–1973 Extent : 13 metres Abstract The record group consists mainly of diaries, incoming ofcial letters, copies of outgoing letters, accounts and verications of the customs house in Raahe. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1792–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Relevant are the accounts of the customs house from the period 1792–1800 (series Gj) and the ship measuring book from the years 1791–1808 (Ha:1). Among the accounts are sea toll journals mentioning ships entering and leaving the port. Each ship’s name, type, burden, home port and captain are listed as well as the composition, value and owners of the cargo, date of arrival, ports of departure and destination, and amount of sea toll paid. The ship measuring book from 1791–1808 contains all information of the

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ships then measured in Raahe: name, captain, type and material, place and time of construction, and burden. Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish); also available online at the database of the Finnish Archives Administration: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance The town of Raahe (in Swedish Brahestad) was established in 1649 by Per Brahe, Governor-General of Finland. Originally called Salo, it was soon renamed after the founder himself. In the mercantilistic system Raahe was an inland town without any staple rights. Local ships were allowed to sail to Turku and Stockholm only. Since 1766 they were permitted to sail to other Baltic Sea ports. In the absence of its own customs house, the clearance had to take place in Oulu and Kokkola, two neighbouring towns, which had received their staple rights. Since 1791 Raahe was making use of these same rights. The customs house (in Swedish Brahestads Stora Siö Tulls Kammare) established at that time, was headed by a collector of customs (tullförvaltare), assisted by one examiner (besökare). Related materials In the late eighteenth century, every staple town had a sea toll court, working in close connection with the customs house and dealing with all kinds of smuggling cases. In the record group of “Judgement Book Collection of the Swedish Commerce Collegium”, there are extracts of the rolls of the Raahe sea toll court from the years 1792–1805. This record group has been put on microlms, which may be consulted at the National Archives in Helsinki. Publications •

• •

Blomqvist, A.R., En blick på Brahestads handel för hundra år sedan. Brahestads Borgare- och Handelsskola. Årsberättelse för femtonde läseåret 1896–1897 (Brahestad, 1897). Heikkinen, Sakari, Suomeen ja maailmalle. Tullilaitoksen historia (Helsinki, 1994). Nygård, Toivo, Heikki Rantatupa, Pekka Toivanen, and Ossi Viita, Raahen tienoon historia, Vol. II, Raahen kaupungin ja Salon pitäjän eli Saloisten, Pattijoen ja Vihannin historia isonvihan jälkeen 1860-luvulle (Jyväskylä, 1995).

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Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 5:1–2, Centrala myndigheter och domstolar. Internationella organ, ed. Bertil Johansson et al. (Skrifter utgivna av Svenska Riksarkivet, 8) (Stockholm, 1999). Söderhjelm, Alma, Brahestad 1649–1899 (Helsingfors, 1911).

Oulu Town Council, Record Group I Record group Oulu Town Council, Record Group I Oulun maistraatin I arkisto Reference code : not applicable Period : 1653–1924 Extent : 43 metres Abstract The record group consists of many different diaries, lists and rolls, judgement books with attachments, correspondence, and accounts of the Oulu town council and town court. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1622–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Relevant are the following series: • • • • • •

BI: Proceedings of the town council, 1722–1759 (fragmentary), and 1760–1800 (almost complete). BII, BIIf, BIIfa: Correspondence, 1618–1800. EI, EIa: Accounts, 1751–1800. HI: Town privileges, 1610–1834. BIIe: Auction room proceedings, 1754–1801. HIc: Burgher rolls, from 1791 on.

Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish), also available at the National Archives in Helsinki; also available online at the database of the Finnish Archives Administration: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW.

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Record creator / provenance In every town of the Swedish Kingdom there was, since the Middle Ages, a town council, consisting of one or several burgomasters (in Finnish pormestari, in Swedish borgmästare) and at least four councillors (raatimies or rådman). This organ took care of the municipal administration and of the jurisdiction. The council (raati or rådet) was elected yearly, being to a large extent self-completing, with the average burgher taking part in the process at times. The elections of the burgomasters were often inuenced by the governors, and later they were appointed by the king. Gradually, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a functional differentiation took place, in big towns resulting in two separate organs. The town council (maistraatti or magistraten), headed by a municipal burgomaster (kunnallispormestari or politieborgmästare), attended to the municipal administration. The town court (raastuvanoikeus or rådstugurätten), headed by a juridical burgomaster (oikeuspormestari or justitieborgmästare) was acting as a court of justice. Even so, these two organs had to cooperate and therefore jointly decided on certain matters. For this reason their records can hardly be entirely separated. The town of Oulu (in Swedish Uleåborg) was established in 1605 by Charles IX, King of Sweden. In the mercantilistic system it was considered an inland town, the burghers being allowed to sail to Turku and Stockholm only, until in 1765 it was granted full staple rights. In the town council and the town court there were one or two burgomasters and six to eight councillors. Town councils still exist in Finland, but in name only. Since 1996 they are merely population register ofces. Custodial history The record groups of the Oulu town council and town court originally belonged together and have been separated only afterwards. Copies For extracts of the proceedings of the town council from the period 1777– 1805, see the record group of “Judgement Book Collection of the Swedish Commerce Collegium” (items MaTk 11, 12). This record group has been put on microlm, which is available at the National Archives in Helsinki. Related materials The records of the Oulu town court contain materials closely related to those of the Oulu town council.

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Publications •

• • • •

•

Brenner, Alf, Oulun kaupungin perunkirjoituksia 1653–1800. Bouppteckningar i Uleåborgs stad 1740–1800 (Suomen Sukututkimusseuran julkaisuja, XXV:1–3) (Tampere, 1963–1966). Halila, Aimo, Oulun kaupungin historia, Vol. II, 1721–1809 (Oulu, 1953). Karjalainen, A., Oulun kauppa ja meriliikenne vuosina 1721–1765 (Historiallisia tutkimuksia, IX) (Jyväskylä, 1926). Snellman, P.W., Handelssocieteten och handlandenas pensionsinrättning i Uleåborg 1771–1936 (Oulu, 1937). Snellman, P.W., Uleåborgs handelsotta 1765–1815. Förteckning över seglare, redare och befälhavare jämte några anteckningar om dem (Oulu, 1938). Virkkunen, A.H., Oulun kaupungin historia, Vol. I, Kaupungin alkuajoilta isonvihan loppuun (Oulu, 1919/1953).

Oulu Town Court, Record Group I Record group Oulu Town Court, Record Group I Oulun raastuvanoikeuden I arkisto Reference code : not applicable Period : 1653–1924 Extent : 66 metres Abstract The record group consists of many different diaries, lists and rolls, judgement books with attachments, correspondence, and accounts of the Oulu town court and town council. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1722–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

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Relevant are the follwing series: •

• • •

AI: Joint proceedings of the town court and town council, 1696, 1698–1714, 1722–1759, and judgement books of the town court, 1760–1800. AII, AIIa: Attachments, 1760–1800. AIb: Legal conrmations of possession, from 1729 on. AIe: Inventories of deceased persons’ estates, 1653–1801.

Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish), also available at the National Archives in Helsinki; also available online at the database of the Finnish Archives Administration: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance In every town of the Swedish Kingdom there was, since the Middle Ages, a town council, consisting of one or several burgomasters (in Finnish pormestari, in Swedish borgmästare) and at least four councillors (raatimies or rådman). This organ took care of the municipal administration and of the jurisdiction. The council (raati or rådet) was elected yearly, being to a large extent self-completing, with the average burgher taking part in the process at times. The elections of the burgomasters were often inuenced by the governors, and later they were appointed by the king. Gradually, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a functional differentiation took place, in big towns resulting in two separate organs. The town council (maistraatti or magistraten), headed by a municipal burgomaster (kunnallispormestari or politieborgmästare), attended to the municipal administration. The town court (raastuvanoikeus or rådstugurätten), headed by a juridical burgomaster (oikeuspormestari or justitieborgmästare) was acting as a court of justice. Even so, these two organs had to cooperate and therefore jointly decided on certain matters. For this reason their records can hardly be entirely separated. The town of Oulu (in Swedish Uleåborg) was established in 1605 by Charles IX, King of Sweden. In the mercantilistic system it was considered an inland town, the burghers being allowed to sail to Turku and Stockholm only, until it was granted full staple rights in 1765. In the town council and the town court there were one or two burgomasters and six to eight councillors. The long story of the town courts in Finland ended in the 1980s and 1990s, when their duties were transferred to newly established organs.

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Custodial history The record groups of “Oulu Town Court” and “Town Council” originally belonged together and have been separated only afterwards. Copies For copies of the judgement books of the town court from the years 1628–1714, 1722–1811, see the record group of “Duplicated Judgement Books of the Local Courts of Justice”. This record group has been put on microlm, which is available at the National Archives in Helsinki. Related materials The records of the Oulu town council contain materials closely related to those of the Oulu town court. Publications •

• • • •

•

Brenner, Alf, Oulun kaupungin perunkirjoituksia 1653–1800. Bouppteckningar i Uleåborgs stad 1740–1800 (Suomen Sukututkimusseuran julkaisuja, XXV:1–3) (Tampere, 1963–1966). Halila, Aimo, Oulun kaupungin historia, Vol. II, 1721–1809 (Oulu, 1953). Karjalainen, A., Oulun kauppa ja meriliikenne vuosina 1721–1765 (Historiallisia tutkimuksia, IX) (Jyväskylä, 1926). Snellman, P.W., Handelssocieteten och handlandenas pensionsinrättning i Uleåborg 1771–1936 (Oulu, 1937). Snellman, P.W., Uleåborgs handelsotta 1765–1815. Förteckning över seglare, redare och befälhavare jämte några anteckningar om dem (Oulu, 1938). Virkkunen, A.H., Oulun kaupungin historia, Vol. I, Kaupungin alkuajoilta isonvihan loppuun (Oulu, 1919/1953).

Raahe Town Council and Town Court Record group Raahe Town Council and Town Court Raahen maistraatti ja raastuvanoikeus Reference code : not applicable Period : 1800–1993 Extent : 63 metres

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Abstract The record group consists of many different diaries, lists and rolls, judgement books with attachments, correspondence, and accounts of the Raahe town court and town council. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1800–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

As the town burned down in October 1810, nothing remains in the town archives from times before 1800. The only possibly relevant series in this record group are the accounts of the town council from 1800 (item Gd2:1). See also under “Copies”. Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish); also available online at the database of the Finnish Archives Administration: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance In every town of the Swedish Kingdom there was, since the Middle Ages, a town council, consisting of one or several burgomasters (in Finnish pormestari, in Swedish borgmästare) and at least four councillors (raatimies or rådman). This organ took care of the municipal administration and of the jurisdiction. The council (raati or rådet) was elected yearly, being to a large extent self-completing, with the average burgher taking part in the process at times. The elections of the burgomasters were often inuenced by the governors, and later they were appointed by the king. Gradually, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a functional differentiation took place, in big towns resulting in two separate organs. The town council (maistraatti or magistraten), headed by a municipal burgomaster (kunnallispormestari or politieborgmästare), attended to the municipal administration. The town court (raastuvanoikeus or rådstugurätten), headed by a juridical burgomaster (oikeuspormestari or justitieborgmästare) was acting as a court of justice. Even so, these two organs had to cooperate and therefore jointly decided on certain matters. For this reason their records can hardly be entirely separated.

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The town of Raahe (in Swedish Brahestad) was established in 1649 by Per Brahe, Governor-General of Finland. Originally called Salo, it was soon renamed after the founder himself. In the mercantilistic system Raahe was considered an inland town without any staple rights. Local ships were allowed to sail to Turku and Stockholm only. Since 1766 they were permitted to sail to other Baltic Sea ports. In the absence of a local customs house, the clearance had to take place in Oulu and Kokkola, two neighbouring towns, which then received their staple rights. Since 1791 Raahe was making use of the same rights. In the town council and the town court there were one burgomaster and four councillors. The long story of the town courts in Finland ended in the 1980s and 1990s, when their duties were transferred to newly established organs. Town councils still exist in Finland, but in name only. Since 1996 they are merely population register ofces. Copies For copies of the judgement books of the town court from the years 1651– 1712, 1723–1810, see the record group of “Duplicated Judgement Books of the Local Courts of Justice”. For extracts of the proceedings of the town council from the period 1772–1807, see the record group of “Judgement Book Collection of the Swedish Commerce Collegium” (items MaTk 19, 20). These record groups have been put on microlm, which is available at the National Archives in Helsinki. Publications •

•

•

• •

Blomqvist, A.R., En blick på Brahestads handel för hundra år sedan. Brahestads Borgare- och Handelsskola. Årsberättelse för femtonde läseåret 1896–1897 (Brahestad, 1897). Lackman, Matti, Raahen tienoon historia, Vol. III, Raahen kaupunki, Pattijoen (Salon emäseurakunnan), Saloisten ja Vihannin kunnat sekä seurakunnat 1870-luvulta vuoteen 1975 (Jyväskylä, 1991). Nygård, Toivo, Heikki Rantatupa, Pekka Toivanen, and Ossi Viita, Raahen tienoon historia, Vol. II, Raahen kaupungin ja Salon pitäjän eli Saloisten, Pattijoen ja Vihannin historia isonvihan jälkeen 1860-luvulle (Jyväskylä, 1995). Söderhjelm, Alma, Brahestad 1649–1899 (Helsinki, 1911). Toivanen, Pekka, and Aulis Forss, Raahen tienoon historia, Vol. I, Salon emäpitäjän ja Raahen kaupungin historia esihistoriasta isonvihan loppuun (Jyväskylä, 1990).

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Sailors’ House in Oulu Record group Sailors’ House in Oulu Oulun merimieshuone Reference code : not applicable Period : 1778–1938 Extent : 7 metres Abstract The record group contains journals and accounts of the sailors’ house in Oulu, ship rolls and registers of sailors belonging to it, minutes of the board of directors, and logs of individual vessels. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1778–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

The journals, accounts and ship rolls provide insight in the merchant marine of Oulu since 1778, and mariners’ place of birth, age, civilian estate, earnings and social security in case of illness, accident and senility. Dates of departure and arrival as well as destination ports of each ship are also mentioned. In these records there is very little notice, however, of cargoes and no information at all about foreign ships, nor any references to native ships that visited the harbour of Oulu but did not cooperate with the local sailors’ house. Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish); also available online at the database of the Finnish Archives Administration: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance Since 1748 there was a sailors’ house in Stockholm, founded by the government in order to supply sufcient labour to the merchant marine, to create a better order and control of the hiring system and working conditions, and

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to improve the social security of the mariners. Initially all staple towns of the kingdom had to join this sailors’ house and make certain payments for its maintenance. Since 1752, however, the staple towns were allowed to have sailors’ houses of their own. Any native (Swedish or Finnish) shipowner and rm of shipowners had to cooperate with a certain sailors’ house. When their ship sailed abroad, the hiring of mariners had to happen in conjunction with the sailors’ house. When their ship returned from abroad, they had to pay certain charges to the sailors’ house, depending on the capacity of the ship (lästpenningar) and the hire of the crew (sjömanshusavgiften). The sailors’ house in Oulu (in Swedish Sjömanshuset i Uleåborg) was founded in 1778. Subordinated to the town council, it had a board of directors and an agent called waterschout. Mariners in need of temporary assistance, and their families, were furnished with reliefs. Old seamen and those unable to work were granted pensions. As their duties were removed to other authorities, sailors’ houses ceased to exist in Finland around 1937. Publications • • • •

Gerentz, Sven, Stockholms sjömanshus 1748–1948 (Stockholm, 1948). Halila, Aimo, Oulun kaupungin historia, Vol. II, 1721–1809 (Oulu, 1953). Hautala, Kustaa, Oulun kaupungin historia, Vol. III, 1809–1856 (Oulu, 1975). Hautala, Kustaa, Oulun kaupungin historia, Vol. IV, 1856–1918 (Oulu, 1976).

Tornio Town Council, Record Group I Record group Tornio Town Council, Record Group I Tornion maistraatin I arkisto Reference code : not applicable Period : 1642–1988 Extent : 139 items Abstract The record group consists of many different diaries, lists and rolls, judgement books with attachments, correspondence, and accounts of the Tornio town council.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1735–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Relevant are the following series: • • • • •

BI: Proceedings of the town council, 1735–1800. BIa: Inventories of deceased persons’ estates, 1666–1800. BII: Auction room proceedings, 1765–1802. BIIb: Shipping rolls, 1740–1808, and ship measuring books, 1779– 1828. BIIc: Sea passports and ship rolls, 1767–1800.

Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish), copy available at the National Archives in Helsinki; also available online at the database of the Finnish Archives Administration: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance In every town of the Swedish Kingdom there was, since the Middle Ages, a town council, consisting of one or several burgomasters (in Finnish pormestari, in Swedish borgmästare) and at least four councillors (raatimies or rådman). This organ took care of the municipal administration and of the jurisdiction. The council (raati or rådet) was elected yearly, being to a large extent self-completing, with the average burgher taking part in the process at times. The elections of the burgomasters were often inuenced by the governors, and later they were appointed by the king. Gradually, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a functional differentiation took place, in big towns resulting in two separate organs. The town council (maistraatti or magistraten), headed by a municipal burgomaster (kunnallispormestari or politieborgmästare), attended to the municipal administration. The town court (raastuvanoikeus or rådstugurätten), headed by a juridical burgomaster (oikeuspormestari or justitieborgmästare) was acting as a court of justice. Even so, these two organs had to cooperate and therefore jointly decided on certain matters. For this reason their records can hardly be entirely separated. The town of Tornio (in Swedish Torneå) was established in 1621 by Gustavus II Adolph, King of Sweden. The town was situated in the province of

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Västerbotten (which belonged to Sweden instead of Finland), until on the basis of the peace agreement of 1809 it was ceded to Russia and became part of the Grand Duchy of Finland. In the mercantilistic system Tornio was considered an inland town, the burghers being permitted to sail to Turku and Stockholm only. The town was granted staple rights in 1766, but in the absence of its own customs house the clearance had to take place initially at Ratan in Sweden, and from 1792 on in Oulu. In the town court and town council there were one burgomaster and six, later four councillors. Town councils still exist in Finland, but in name only. Since 1996 they are merely population register ofces. Custodial history Part of the original record group is still kept in the Tornio Town Archives, see under “Related materials”. Copies For extracts of the proceedings of the Tornio town council from the period 1772–1807, see the record group of “Judgement Book Collection of the Swedish Commerce Collegium” (items MaTk 24–25). This record group has been put on microlm, which is available at the National Archives in Helsinki. The town council was supposed to send copies of its accounts through the Provincial Government to the Chamber Collegium in Stockholm. These copies from the years 1647–1652 and 1695–1772 are now preserved at the National Archives in Stockholm in the record group of Städernas enskilda räkenskaper. Related materials The records of the town council and those of the town court originally belonged together and have been separated only afterwards. Consequently, the records of the Tornio town court contain materials closely related to those of the Tornio town council. The accounts of the Tornio town council from the period 1639–1800 have not been transferred to the Oulu Provincial Archives but are preserved in the Tornio Town Archives. They contain ship measuring lists, cargo rolls, tolag lists and journals, and accounts of port charges. See the website of the Tornio Town Archives: www.tornio./tuli/arkisto/tutkija.htm.

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Publications • •

Mäntylä, Ilkka, Tornion kaupungin historia, Vol. I, 1621–1809 (Tampere, 1971). Tamelander, Eino, Tornion kaupungin pesäluetteloja 1666–1800 (Bouppteckningar i Torneå stad) (Peräpohjolan ja Lapin Kotiseutuyhdistyksen julkaisuja, IV) (Tornio, 1941).

Tornio Town Court, Record Group I Record group Tornio Town Court, Record Group I Tornion raastuvanoikeuden I arkisto Reference code : not applicable Period : 1653–1965 Extent : 53 metres Abstract The record group consists of many different diaries, lists and rolls, judgement books with attachments, correspondence, and accounts of the Tornio town court and town council. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1653–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Relevant are the joint proceedings of the town court and town council from the period 1653–1734 and the judgement books of the town court from the years 1735–1800 (series AI), and the documents concerning bankruptcy affairs from the period 1785–1804 (AII). Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish), copy also available at the National Archives in Helsinki; also available online at the database of the Finnish Archives Administration: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW.

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Record creator / provenance In every town of the Swedish Kingdom there was, since the Middle Ages, a town council, consisting of one or several burgomasters (in Finnish pormestari, in Swedish borgmästare) and at least four councillors (raatimies or rådman). This organ took care of the municipal administration and of the jurisdiction. The council (raati or rådet) was elected yearly, being to a large extent self-completing, with the average burgher taking part in the process at times. The elections of the burgomasters were often inuenced by the governors, and later they were appointed by the king. Gradually, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a functional differentiation took place, in big towns resulting in two separate organs. The town council (maistraatti or magistraten), headed by a municipal burgomaster (kunnallispormestari or politieborgmästare), attended to the municipal administration. The town court (raastuvanoikeus or rådstugurätten), headed by a juridical burgomaster (oikeuspormestari or justitieborgmästare) was acting as a court of justice. Even so, these two organs had to cooperate and therefore jointly decided on certain matters. For this reason their records can hardly be entirely separated. The town of Tornio (in Swedish Torneå) was established in 1621 by Gustavus II Adolph, King of Sweden. The town was situated in the province of Västerbotten (belonging to Sweden instead of Finland), until on the basis of the peace agreement of 1809 it was ceded to Russia and became part of the Grand Duchy of Finland. In the mercantilistic system Tornio was considered an inland town, the burghers being permitted to sail to Turku and Stockholm only. The town was granted staple rights in 1766, but in the absence of its own customs house the clearance had to take place initially at Ratan in Sweden, and from 1792 on in Oulu. In the town court and town council there were one burgomaster and six, later four councillors. The long story of the town courts in Finland ended in the 1980s and 1990s, when their duties were transferred to newly established organs. Custodial history Part of the original record group is still kept at the Tornio Town Archives, see under “Related materials”. Copies Duplicates of the town court judgement books from the years 1635–1641, 1645–1646 and 1649–1801 are preserved at the National Archives in Stockholm in the record group of Svea hovrätt, Städernas domböcker. Microlm

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copies are available at the National Archives in Helsinki (nos. FR 651–659, FR 729, CD 1209 and CD 1954–1962). For copies of the judgement books of the town court from the period 1789–1805, see the record group of “Duplicated Judgement Books of the Local Courts of Justice”. For extracts of the proceedings of the town council from the years 1772–1807, see the record group of “Judgement Book Collection of the Swedish Commerce Collegium” (items MaTk 24, 25). The latter record group has been put on microlms, which are available at the National Archives in Helsinki. Related materials The records of the town council and those of the town court originally belonged together, and they can never be entirely separated. When the papers of the Tornio town court and town council were arranged in the Oulu Provincial Archives, however, they were divided into three groups: “Tornio Town Court I”, “Tornio Town Council I”, “Tornio Town Court and Town Council II”. The record group of “Tornio Town Court and Town Council II” also includes some relevant records: copies of outgoing letters from the period 1681–1800 (series ABI), and attachments of the judgement books from the years 1791–1800 (ABII). Publications •

Mäntylä, Ilkka, Tornion kaupungin historia, Vol. I, 1621–1809 (Tampere, 1971).

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TAMMISAARI TOWN ARCHIVES Tammisaaren Kaupunginarkisto Raaseporintie 6–8, 10800 Tammisaari

Tammisaari Town Council Record group Tammisaari Town Council Tammisaaren maistraatti Reference code : not applicable Period : 1574–1980 Extent : 55 metres Abstract The record group consists of various diaries, registers and rolls, judgement books with attachments, correspondence and accounts, the provenance being either the town council or the town court, and of proceedings of the auction rooms subordinated to the town council. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1729–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Relevant series include the following: • • • • • •

Ca:1–6: Proceedings of the town council, 1770–1805. Ca:1–28: Attachments, 1730–1800. Cg:1–2: Auction room proceedings, 1780–1806. Gbj:1: Town accounts, 1784–1802. Eaa:1–2: Received ofcial letters, 1733–1807. Da:1: Copies of sent letters, 1729–1800.

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Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); a copy is available at the Hämeenlinna Provincial Archives. Record creator / provenance The town of Tammisaari (in Swedish Ekenäs, halfway between Helsinki and Turku) was established in 1528 by Erik Fleming, vassal and condant of Gustavus I Vasa, King of Sweden. According to the privileges granted by the king in 1546, it enjoyed staple rights. These were, however, abolished in 1636, restored partially in 1647, 1650, and 1766, and totally restored around 1830. Since 1636 all trade had to take place through Helsinki. Since 1647 local ships were permitted to sail to Stockholm, since 1650 to Tallinn, and since 1766 to all harbours around the Baltic Sea. Sailing to countries outside the Baltic Sea was, however, possible for local ships if some of the shareholders were burghers of a staple town. At the same time, no foreign ships were allowed to visit Tammisaari’s harbour. Being a little town, Tammisaari always had a tiny mercantile eet. In every town of the Swedish Kingdom there was, since the Middle Ages, a town council, consisting of one or several burgomasters (in Finnish pormestari, in Swedish borgmästare) and at least four councillors (raatimies or rådman). This organ took care of the municipal administration and of the jurisdiction. The council (raati or rådet) was elected yearly, being to a large extent self-completing, with the average burgher taking part in the process at times. The elections of the burgomasters were often inuenced by the governors, and later they were appointed by the king. Gradually, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a functional differentiation took place, in big towns resulting in two separate organs. The town council (maistraatti or magistraten), headed by a municipal burgomaster (kunnallispormestari or politieborgmästare), attended to the municipal administration. The town court (raastuvanoikeus or rådstugurätten), headed by a juridical burgomaster (oikeuspormestari or justitieborgmästare) was acting as a court of justice. Even so, these two organs had to cooperate and therefore jointly decided on certain matters. For this reason their records can hardly be entirely separated. Tammisaari was always a small town. Every now and then the kings were about to abolish it, and during the years 1550–1556 it actually did not exist. At times neither a burgomaster nor any councillors were appointed there. During these periods, the judge of the surrounding judicial district chaired the town court, while the town treasurer with a couple of assistants

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without pay took care of the administration. Since 1752, burgomasters were active again, while a council consisting of four members was reintroduced. Town councils still exist in Finland, but in name only. Since 1996 they are merely population register ofces. Custodial history The records of the town council and those of the town court originally belonged together. They have been separated only afterwards. Copies The judgement books of the town court and town council from 1623–1675 and 1678–1681, 1684, 1686, 1688–1695 have been published, see under “Publications”. They are also available online at: tampub.uta./tup/951– 44–6392–7.pdf. For extracts from the records of the town council from the period 1772– 1806, see the record group of “Judgement Book Collection of the Swedish Commerce Collegium”. This collection has been put on microlm, which may be consulted at the National Archives in Helsinki. Related materials •

Tammisaari Town Court (Tammisaaren raastuvanoikeus).

Publications • • • • • • •

Ahlström, Christian, “Auktionsprotokollen i Ekenäs och vraket vid Jussarö”, in: Historisk Tidskrift för Finland, 4 (Helsinki, 1981). Cederlöf, Johannes, Ekenäs stads historia, Vols. II–III, 1810–1930 (Ekenäs, 1955, 1964). Cederlöf, Henrik, Ekenäs stads historia, Vol. IV, 1930–1980 (Ekenäs, 1993). Ekenäs stads dombok 1623–1675 (Ekenäs-Samfundets i Helsingfors skrifter, I: 1–2), ed. Emmy Hultman (Helsinki, 1913, 1924). Lönnroth, Harry, Ekenäs stads dombok 1678–1695, Vol. I, Rättslologisk studie av en 1600–talshandskrift (no place, 2006). Lönnroth, Harry, Ekenäs stads dombok 1678–1695, Vol. II, Filologisk utgåva med kommentar och register (no place, 2006). Takolander, Alfons, Ekenäs stads historia, Vol. I, Till stora ofeden (Ekenäs, 1930).

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Tammisaari Town Court Record group Tammisaari Town Court Tammisaaren raastuvanoikeus Reference code : not applicable Period : 1729–1980 Extent : 42 metres Abstract The record group consists of diaries, correspondence, judgement books of the town court with attachments, legal conrmations of possession, records of bankruptcy affairs, and inventories of deceased persons’ estates. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1729–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Relevant are the judgement books of the town court (1753–1800), legal conrmations of possession (1791–1800) and inventories of deceased persons’ estates (1729–1800). Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); a copy is available at the Hämeenlinna Provincial Archives. Record creator / provenance The town of Tammisaari (in Swedish Ekenäs, halfway between Helsinki and Turku) was established in 1528 by Erik Fleming, vassal and condant of Gustavus I Vasa, King of Sweden. According to the privileges granted by the king in 1546, it enjoyed staple rights. These were however abolished in 1636, restored partially in 1647, 1650, and 1766, and totally restored around 1830. Since 1636 all trade had to take place through Helsinki. Since 1647 local ships were permitted to sail to Stockholm, since 1650 to Tallinn, and since 1766 to all harbours around the Baltic Sea. Sailing to countries outside

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the Baltic Sea was, however, possible for local ships if some of the shareholders were burghers of a staple town. At the same time, no foreign ships were allowed to visit Tammisaari’s harbour. Being a little town, Tammisaari always had a tiny mercantile eet. In every town of the Swedish Kingdom there was, since the Middle Ages, a town council, consisting of one or several burgomasters (in Finnish pormestari, in Swedish borgmästare) and at least four councillors (raatimies or rådman). This organ took care of the municipal administration and of the jurisdiction. The council (raati or rådet) was elected yearly, being to a large extent self-completing, with the average burgher taking part in the process at times. The elections of the burgomasters were often inuenced by the governors, and later they were appointed by the king. Gradually, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a functional differentiation took place, in big towns resulting in two separate organs. The town council (maistraatti or magistraten), headed by a municipal burgomaster (kunnallispormestari or politieborgmästare), attended to the municipal administration. The town court (raastuvanoikeus or rådstugurätten), headed by a juridical burgomaster (oikeuspormestari or justitieborgmästare) was acting as a court of justice. Even so, these two organs had to cooperate and therefore jointly decided on certain matters. For this reason their records can hardly be entirely separated. Tammisaari was always a small town. Every now and then the kings were about to abolish it, and during the years 1550–1556 it actually did not exist. At times neither a burgomaster nor any councillors were appointed there. During these periods, the judge of the surrounding judicial district chaired the town court, while the town treasurer with a couple of assistants without pay took care of the administration. Since 1752, burgomasters were active again, while a council consisting of four members was reintroduced. Town councils still exist in Finland, but in name only. Since 1996 they are merely population register ofces. Custodial history The records of the town court and those of the town council originally belonged together. They have been separated only afterwards. Copies The judgement books of the town court and town council from 1623–1675 and 1678–1681, 1684, 1686, 1688–1695 have been published, see under “Publications”. They are also available online at: tampub.uta./tup/951– 44–6392–7.pdf.

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For copies of the judgement books of the town court from 1623–1675, 1678–1681, 1684, 1686, 1688–1712 and 1722–1809, see the record group of “Duplicated Judgement Books of the Local Courts of Justice”. These books have been put on microlm, which may be consulted at the National Archives in Helsinki. Related materials • •

Tammisaari Town Council (Tammisaaren maistraatti). Lohja Judicial District, Court District of Lohja etc. Parishes (Lohjan tuomiokunta, Lohjan ym. pitäjien käräjäkunta), Hämeenlinna Provincial Archives, with nos. Ca:1–4 and Cc1:2 containing the judgement books of the Tammisaari Town Court, 1745–1748, 1751–1752, and nos. Cba1:1–2 containing the legal conrmations of possession, 1725–1748.

Publications • • • • • •

Cederlöf, Johannes, Ekenäs stads historia, Vols. II–III, 1810–1930 (Ekenäs, 1955, 1964). Cederlöf, Henrik, Ekenäs stads historia, Vol. IV, 1930–1980 (Ekenäs, 1993). Ekenäs stads dombok 1623–1675 (Ekenäs-Samfundets i Helsingfors skrifter, I: 1–2), ed. Emmy Hultman (Helsinki, 1913, 1924). Lönnroth, Harry, Ekenäs stads dombok 1678–1695, Vol. I, Rättslologisk studie av en 1600–talshandskrift (no place, 2006). Lönnroth, Harry, Ekenäs stads dombok 1678–1695, Vol. II, Filologisk utgåva med kommentar och register (no place, 2006). Takolander, Alfons, Ekenäs stads historia, Vol. I, Till stora ofeden (Ekenäs, 1930).

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ÅBO ACADEMY UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Åbo Akademis Bibliotek Turku www.abo./library

Merchant House Hackman Record group Merchant House Hackman Handelshuset Hackmans arkiv Reference code : not applicable Period : 1788–1960 Extent : 1348 items Abstract The record group consists of correspondence, accounts, verications, contracts, and all kinds of materials concerning the estates, ships, sawmills, factories and other enterprises of the merchant house, as well as the private life of the Hackman family. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1788–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German

Relevant are the copybooks from the years 1790–1800 and the different account books from the same period, as well as the general ledgers, cashbooks, memorials, journals and rescontras (all belonging to the Italian bookkeeping system). Moreover, there are thematically arranged items on wood, salt, tar, liquor and wine, herring, coffee, sugar, etc. The copybooks contain business letters, for instance to St. Petersburg, Narva, Tallinn, Riga, Swinemünde, Lübeck, Stockholm, Helsingør (Elsinore), Gothenburg, Hamburg, Bremen, London, Amsterdam and Barcelona.

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Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish). Record creator / provenance Johann Friedrich Hackman (1755–1807) was born in Bremen, came to Viipuri in 1777, and worked as an ofce clerk for another merchant until he established his own merchant house in 1790. The copybooks reveal the extent of his commercial network, which stretched to all the important ports aroud the Baltic Sea and, moreover, to Holland, England and Spain. He exported mainly wood and tar and imported salt, coffee, sugar and other luxuries. After his death the rm was managed by his descendants and was known as Hackman & Co. It kept on expanding and in the end comprised many big estates and sawmills in south-eastern Finland, several ships, and factories producing sugar, candles and soap, glass, porcelain and steel kitchen utensils. The industrial activities still continue today, but the joint stock company called “Hackman Oyj” was dissolved in 2004 when the family sold their shares to Italy. Publications •

• •

Grandell, Axel, Äldre redovisningsformer i Finland. En undersökning av den företagsekonomiska redovisningens utveckling i Finland intill 1800-talets slut (Helsinki, 1944). Nukari, Matti, Kestäviä arvoja. Hackman 1790–1990 (Helsinki, 1990); translation: Bestående värden. Hackman 1790–1990 (Helsinki, 1990). Tigerstedt, Örnulf, Huset Hackman. En viburgensisk patriciersläkts öden 1790–1879, Vols. I–II (Helsinki, 1940–1952); translation: Kauppahuone Hackman. Erään vanhan Wiipurin kauppiassuvun vaiheet 1790–1879, Vols. I–II (Helsinki, 1940–1952).

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KAARINA CHURCH ARCHIVES Kaarinan Kirkonarkisto Turku www.kaarinanseurakunta.

Merchant House Festingh Record group Merchant House Festingh Kauppahuone Festingh Reference code : not applicable Period : 1698–1714 Extent : 1 item Abstract The record group consists of one account book dating from 1698–1714. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1698–1714 : Finland, Germany, Sweden, various countries : High German

The account book contains information on the merchant house Festingh, which principally sold silk and other clothes imported from central Europe. All important people living in Turku (Åbo), from the bishop and the governor to members of the court of appeal and professors of the academy, had an account with this merchant house. There is also information about a ship called St. Johannes von Abo, which the merchant house held a share in. Accessibility As the record group consists of one item only, there is no inventory.

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Record creator / provenance Bartolt Festingh came from Lübeck to Turku in 1653, worked ten years as a clerk in the merchant house of Jochim Schultz, married his daughter Elin Schultz and established a merchant house of his own. Being very prosperous, he held shares in ships, rented the restaurant referred to as town cellar, imported expensive cloths and other luxuries, and nally became the leading tar exporter of the town. When he died in 1692 he was a wealthy man and was buried in the cathedral of Turku. The business was carried on by his widow Elin and their children. Custodial history The account book shows how much each of the customers owed to the merchant house in 1713. That is probably why it was taken to the church of Kaarina (in Swedish St. Karins), not far from Turku, when the Russian army invaded the country. The church proved to be a safe shelter, but in the 1720s, after the war, there was probably no one to carry on the trade, and the book remained in the church archives. Publications • •

Bonsdorff, Carl von, Åbo stads historia under sjuttonde seklet, Vols. I–II (Turku, Helsinki, 1894–1904). Grandell, Axel, Äldre redovisningsformer i Finland. En undersökning av den företagsekonomiska redovisningens utveckling i Finland intill 1800-talets slut (Helsinki, 1944).

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TURKU CITY ARCHIVES Turun Kaupunginarkisto Turku www.turku. (> Kirjastot ja arkistot > Arkistot)

Turku Town Council Record group Turku Town Council Turun maistraatti Reference code : not applicable Period : 1624–1983 Extent : 1200 metres Abstract The record group comprises all the records of the town administration in Turku in the widest sense of the word, including the town court, for the period 1624–1875, and part of this administration for the period 1875–1983. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1624–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Swedish

Relevant are the following series: • • • •

•

AIa: Proceedings of the town council, 1763–1786. AVa: Ship measuring book, 1779–1866. AVI: Burgher rolls, from 1721 on. BIa: Joint proceedings of the town council and town court, 1624–1762, and judgement books of the town court, 1763–1787, with a big gap between 1713 and 1722 and several minor gaps. BIb: Legal conrmations of possession, from 1722 on.

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BIIIa: Attachments to the judgement books, 1667–1800. BIIId: Records of bankruptcy affairs, from 1691 on. GI: Accounts of the town treasury, some years between 1652 and 1699, and from 1730 to 1781. GIII: Tax rolls, from 1722 on. GVI: Verications, 1767–1779. GIX: Weighing journals, 1723–1754. PI: Auction room proceedings, 1737–1778.

The customs house in Turku was devoured by re in 1827, but to some extent the loss may be compensated by means of this material. The accounts of the town treasury often include tolag journals and notices of the numerous port charges. Among the verications there may be complete copies of all the customs declarations of a certain year. Accessibility Various detailed inventories (in Finnish), and a printed summary inventory (in Finnish) (1999); also available online at: www.turku. (> Kirjastot ja arkistot > Arkistot > Arkistokokoelmat); see also under “Publications”. Svante Dahlström’s card index (1923–1954, in Swedish), comprising c. 300,000 cards containing topographic, personal and general indexes, covering a large part of the materials listed under “Relevant contents”. Record creator / provenance In every town of the Swedish Kingdom there was, since the Middle Ages, a town council, consisting of one or several burgomasters (in Finnish pormestari, in Swedish borgmästare) and at least four councillors (raatimies or rådman). This organ took care of the municipal administration and of the jurisdiction. Gradually, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a functional differentiation took place, in big towns resulting in two separate organs. The town council (maistraatti or magistraten), headed by a municipal burgomaster (kunnallispormestari or politieborgmästare), attended to the municipal administration. The town court (raastuvanoikeus or rådstugurätten), headed by a juridical burgomaster (oikeuspormestari or justitieborgmästare) was acting as a court of justice. Even so, these two organs had to cooperate and therefore jointly decided on certain matters. For this reason their records cannot be entirely separated. Turku (in Swedish Åbo) is supposed to be the oldest town in Finland. It is mentioned in preserved records from 1309 and its burgomaster and council

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in records from 1324, but at that time it had certainly been existing for a long time already. Turku was always a staple town. In the town court and town council there were usually two burgomasters and six councillors, but during the seventeenth century there were occasionally four burgomasters and twelve councillors. The long story of the town courts in Finland ended in the 1980s and 1990s, when their duties were transferred to newly established organs. Town councils still exist, but in name only. Since 1996 they are merely population register ofces. Custodial history During its long history, Turku burned down several times. Even the latest re in September 1827 was disastrous. Therefore, little remains in the city archives from the period before 1827 and nothing at all from the period before 1624. Copies The joint proceedings of the town court and council from 1623–1624 and extracts of the judgement books from 1635–1638 have been printed, see under “Publications”. For copies of the judgement books of the town court from 1623–1712, 1721–1809, see the record group of “Duplicated Judgement Books of the Local Courts of Justice”. For extracts of the proceedings of the town council from 1772–1791, see the record group of “Judgement Book Collection of the Swedish Commerce Collegium” (items MaTk 1–2). Both these record groups have been put on microlm, which may be consulted at the National Archives in Helsinki. For copies of the town treasury accounts from many years (beginning in 1665), see the record group of “Account Book Collection” (National Archives in Helsinki). Related materials The records of the customs house in Turku from the period before 1817 have largely perished in the big re of 1827. Fragmentary customs accounts from the years 1541–1558, 1560–1580, 1586–1589 and 1592–1618 have been preserved, however, at the National Archives of Sweden in Stockholm (Kammararkivet, series of Finska kameralia, Vols. 85–89), copies of which are available at the National Archives in Helsinki (microlms nos. FR 117–120).

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Publications Source publications: • • •

Åbo stads dombok 1623–1624 (Bidrag till Åbo stads historia, III) (Helsinki, 1886). Privilegier och resolutioner för Åbo stad, Vol. I, Åren 1525–1719, ed. C. v. Bonsdorff (Bidrag till Åbo stads historia, X) (Helsinki, 1898). Utdrag ur Åbo stads dombok 1624–1625, 1626–1632, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638 (Bidrag till Åbo stads historia, II, IV, VII, VIII, IX, XIII) (Helsinki, 1885–1905).

Standard works concerning Turku and its maritime commerce: • • • • •

• •

• • • • • •

Bonsdorff, Carl von, Åbo stads historia under sjuttonde seklet, Vols. I–II (Turku, Helsinki, 1894–1904). Börman, Jan-Erik, Genom Öresund. Öresundstullen-skeppsfarten på Finland 1500–1800 (Helsinki, 1981). Kivikoski, Ella, and C.J. Gardberg, Turun kaupungin historia kivikaudesta vuoteen 1366 (Turku, 1971). Kuujo, Erkki, Turun kaupungin historia 1366–1521 (Turku, 1981). Lindström, Ludvig, Bidrag till Åbo stads ekonomiska historia under frihetstiden (Skrifter utgivna av Svenska Litteratursällskapet i Finland, 121; Förhandlingar och uppsatser, 28 (1914)) (Helsinki, 1915). Nikula, Oscar, Turun kaupungin historia 1721–1809, Vols. I–II (Turku, 1970–1971). Nikula, Oscar and Sigrid, Åbo stads historia 1521–1600, Vols. I–II (Turku, 1987); translation: Turun kaupungin historia 1521–1600, Vols. I–II (Turku, 1987). Olin, Carl-Erik, Åbo sjöfarts historia, Vol. I, Intill branden 1827 (Turku, 1927). Ranta, Raimo, Turun kaupungin historia 1600–1721, Vols. I–II (Turku, 1975). Ruuth, J.W., Åbo stads historia under medeltiden och 1500-talet (Helsinki, 1909–1923). Turun kaupungin keskusarkiston yleisluettelo, Vol. I, Maistraatin arkistokokoelma (Turku, 1999). Turun sataman historia, ed. Jussi T. Lappalainen (Jyväskylä, 1999). Wuorinen, Aimo, Turku kauppakaupunkina Ruotsin vallan loppukautena, Vol. I, Kaupan edellytykset, Vol. II, Ulko- ja kotimaankauppa (Historiallisia tutkimuksia, 50:1–2) (Helsinki, 1959–1966), including summaries: Turku als Handelsstadt gegen Ende der Schwedenzeit, Vol. I, Voraussetzungen des Handels, Vol. II, Aussen- und Binnenhandel.

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TURKU PROVINCIAL ARCHIVES Turun Maakunta-Arkisto Turku www.narc./Arkistolaitos/tma

Customs House in Rauma Record group Customs House in Rauma Rauman tullikamari Reference code : not applicable Period : 1722–1950 Extent : 15 metres Abstract The record group consists mainly of diaries, incoming ofcial letters, copies of outgoing letters, accounts and verications of the customs house in Rauma. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1722–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Among the accounts (Ga:1–2) there are sea passports, statistics and annual reports of the customs house, shedding light on the foreign trade of Rauma in the years 1791–1807. Of some importance are the copies of outgoing letters from the period 1793–1800 (Da:1), and the ofcial correspondence addressed to the customs house from the years 1722–1800 (Ea:1–12). The letters sent from Stockholm in the name of the King by the Commerce Collegium, Chamber Collegium or National Board of Customs, give information on the principles followed by the Swedish customs administration in those days, on the customs tariffs (exposed to frequent changes), on occasional prohibitions against export and import of certain commodities,

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on privileges granted to single noblemen and merchants, on exchange rates between various currencies, on the composition of the customs house staff in Rauma, etc. Even individual cases of contraband are touched upon in this correspondence. Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish); also available online at the database of the Finnish Archives Administration: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance Although the town of Rauma (in Swedish Raumo) was granted its rst known privileges in 1442, it was probably established earlier. Rauma was initially regarded as a staple town, but during the mercantilistic era its rights were restricted. Since 1636 the burghers were allowed to sail to Turku and Stockholm only. From 1766 on, they sailed to all Baltic harbours, and in 1830 all remaining limitations were abolished. Related materials Some customs accounts from Rauma (1556–1557, 1562, 1583–1585, 1594–1597, 1600–1601, 1618, 1621) are preserved in the Account Book Collection (items VA 223, 224a, 224c, 226–226f, 227b 235, 240, 618 and 703), kept at the National Archives in Helsinki. Some customs accounts from the period 1602–1618 are kept in the National Archives at Stockholm (Finska kameralia, Vol. 82), with copies at the National Archives in Helsinki (microlm FR 116). The annual reports of the Rauma customs house from the years 1794– 1797, 1799, 1801 and 1804 have been transferred to the Suomen Tullimuseo (Customs Museum of Finland) in Suomenlinna, Helsinki. Publications • • • • •

Heikkinen, Sakari, Suomeen ja maailmalle. Tullilaitoksen historia Helsinki (1994). Heino, Ulla, Rauma. Idylliä ja tehokkuutta 1875–2000 (Pori, 2002). Högman, Volter, Rauman kaupungin historia, Vol. I, Vuoteen 1641 (Helsinki, 1907). Lähteenoja, Aina, Rauman kaupungin historia, Vols. I–IV (Rauma, 1932– 1946). Lähteenoja, Aina, Rauman raastuvanoikeuden pöytäkirjoja vv. 1504–1650. Lisiä Rauman kaupungin historiaan, Vol. I (Rauma, 1952).

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Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 5:1–2, Centrala myndigheter och domstolar. Internationella organ, eds. Bertil Johansson et al. (Skrifter utgivna av Svenska Riksarkivet, 8) (Stockholm, 1999).

Naantali Town Council and Town Court Record group Naantali Town Council and Town Court Naantalin maistraatti ja raastuvanoikeus Reference code : not applicable Period : 1576–1993 Extent : 74 metres Abstract The record group consists of diaries, lists and rolls, judgement books with attachments, correspondence and accounts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1631–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Sweden : Swedish

Relevant are the following series: • • • • • • • • • •

Cc: Joint proceedings of the town court and town council, 1711– 1800. Cd: Legal conrmations of possession, 1764–1815. Cj: Proceedings of the town council, 1721–1825. Da, Eb: Correspondence, 1705–1800. Ec: Inventories of deceased persons’ estates, 1714–1800. Ed: Records of bankruptcy affairs, 1757–1800. Eg:1: Attachments to the judgement books, 1631–1807. Ej:1: Auction room proceedings, 1754–1790. Ez:6: Ship rolls, 1765–1859. Ez:7: Privileges of the town, 1576–1765.

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Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish); also available online at the database of the Finnish Archives Administration: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance In every town of the Swedish Kingdom there was, since the Middle Ages, a town council, consisting of one or several burgomasters (in Finnish pormestari, in Swedish borgmästare) and at least four councillors (raatimies or rådman). This organ took care of the municipal administration and of the jurisdiction. The council (raati or rådet) was elected yearly, being to a large extent self-completing, with the average burgher taking part in the process at times. The elections of the burgomasters were often inuenced by the governors, and later they were appointed by the king. Gradually, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a functional differentiation took place, in big towns resulting in two separate organs. The town council (maistraatti or magistraten), headed by a municipal burgomaster (kunnallispormestari or politieborgmästare), attended to the municipal administration. The town court (raastuvanoikeus or rådstugurätten), headed by a juridical burgomaster (oikeuspormestari or justitieborgmästare) was acting as a court of justice. Even so, these two organs had to cooperate and therefore jointly decided on certain matters. For this reason their records can hardly be entirely separated. The town of Naantali (in Swedish Nådendal, in Latin Vallis Gratiae) was established in 1443, at the same time as the local nunnery of the Order of St. Bridget. The nunnery was supposed to be a place of pilgrimage, for which reason the town lodged and maintained visitors. Naantali was always a small town, and at regular times nearly lost even its limited commercial rights. In the sixteenth century, all import from and export to Tallinn, Königsberg, Danzig (Gdansk) and Lübeck had to take place by chartered vessels through the customs houses in Turku and Stockholm. According to the mercantilistic rules from 1617 and 1636, local ships were permitted to sail to Turku and Stockholm only, since 1664 to Tallinn too, and since 1766 to all the harbours around the Baltic Sea, with no foreign ships being allowed to visit Naantali. In 1868 the difference between staples and inland towns was abolished. Only then, being among the last towns in the country, Naantali gained full commercial rights. In the town court and council there were usually one or two burgomasters and four to six councillors. The long story of the town courts in Finland ended in the 1980s and 1990s, when their duties were transferred to newly

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established organs. Town councils still exist in Finland, but in name only. Since 1996 they are merely population register ofces. Copies For copies of the judgement books of the town court from the years 1628, 1647–1675, 1678–1703, 1707–1708, 1721–1734, 1738–1808, see the record group of “Duplicated Judgement Books of the Local Courts of Justice”, at the National Archives in Helsinki. For extracts of the proceedings of the town council from the period 1779–1790, see the record group of “Judgement Book Collection of the Swedish Commerce Collegium” (item MaTk 11), at the National Archives in Helsinki. Both these record groups have been put on microlm, which may be consulted at the National Archives in Helsinki. Publications • • •

Innamaa, Kerttu, Naantalin historia, Vol. III, Suomen sodasta itsenäisyyden aikaan (Turku, 1965). Jäntere, Kaarlo, Naantalin historia, Vol. II, Kaupunki ja seurakunta luostariajan lopusta Suomen sotaan (Turku, 1959). Suvanto, Seppo, Naantalin historia, Vol. I, Keskiaika ja 1500-luku (Turku, 1976).

Petter Claesson Collection Record group Petter Claesson Collection Petter Claessonin kokoelma Reference code : not applicable Period : 1762–1815 Extent : 3 boxes Abstract The record group consists of Petter Claesson’s correspondence, accounts, and documents concerning the ship he was sailing on, his houses and farms, and the loading and cargo of local ships.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1762–1815 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, English, High German, Swedish

Claesson’s correspondence with his relatives, his principals and partners in Turku, Finnish merchants ordering various commodities from abroad, his agents in foreign harbours, and friends and acquaintances, sheds light on a seafarer’s everyday life. Because he was also captain, shipowner and burgher, however, Claesson’s correspondents often write about prices, availability and protableness of various products, and other details of trade and shipping. In their letters they quite openly discuss smuggling of forbidden commodities like liquors, coffee and tobacco, which seems to have been very protable and popular both among captains and shipowners. Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish), with an alphabetic register of correspondents. Record creator / provenance Petter Claesson (1739–1810) was the son of Niklas Claesson, captain and shipowner in Turku from 1732 onwards. Like his father he became captain and shipowner and often sailed to the Mediterranean and once even to the West Indies. Claesson had agents in foreign harbours, e.g. the Van Driest Brothers in Amsterdam, and Thomson, Wittfooth & Co. in Bordeaux. They acquired the commodities he needed and took care of the banking business and insurances. In his old age, Claesson was still in charge of a shipyard company in Turku. When he died in 1810 he was a wealthy man, who held shares in ships and owned houses in town and big farms in the country. Publications •

Nikula, Oscar, “Petter Claesson, turkulaisten 1700-luvun merenkulkijoiden eräs edustaja”, in: Turun kulttuurihistoriaa (Turun Historiallinen Arkisto, 33) (Turku, 1979).

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Pori Town Court Record group Pori Town Court Porin raastuvanoikeus Reference code : not applicable Period : 1764–1970 Extent : 227 metres Abstract The record group consists of many different diaries, lists and rolls, judgement books with attachments, correspondence, and accounts of the Pori town court and council. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1764–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Relevant are the following series: • • • •

Cc: Joint proceedings of the town court and council, 1774–1800. Cd: Legal conrmations of possession, 1724–1806. Ec: Inventories of deceased persons’ estates, 1764–1800. Eg: Attachments to the joint proceedings, 1792–1800.

Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish); also available online at: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance In every town of the Swedish Kingdom there was, since the Middle Ages, a town council, consisting of one or several burgomasters (in Finnish pormestari, in Swedish borgmästare) and at least four councillors (raatimies or rådman). This organ took care of the municipal administration and of the jurisdiction. The council (raati or rådet) was elected yearly, being to a large extent self-completing, with the average burgher taking part in the

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process at times. The elections of the burgomasters were often inuenced by the governors, and later they were appointed by the king. Gradually, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a functional differentiation took place, in big towns resulting in two separate organs. The town council (maistraatti or magistraten), headed by a municipal burgomaster (kunnallispormestari or politieborgmästare), attended to the municipal administration. The town court (raastuvanoikeus or rådstugurätten), headed by a juridical burgomaster (oikeuspormestari or justitieborgmästare) was acting as a court of justice. Even so, these two organs had to cooperate and therefore jointly decided on certain matters. For this reason their records can hardly be entirely separated. The town of Ulvila (in Swedish Ulfsby) existed from the early fourteenth century to 1558 at the outlet of the Kokemäenjoki River. Due to a rise of the land, the river and the port grew more and more shallow. In 1558 the town was moved closer to the sea and was renamed Pori (in Swedish Björneborg). Initially, the town gained staple rights but lost them in 1617 and 1636. In 1766, it was granted the so-called active staple right (with no foreign ships being allowed to visit its harbour). The town council and court initially consisted of two burgomasters and twelve councillors; since the 1640s it had only one burgomaster and ve, later four, councillors. Custodial history As the town of Pori burned down in 1698, 1801 and 1852, few records remain from the years before 1852 and nothing from the period before 1764. Copies For copies of the judgement books of the town court from 1622–1639, 1646–1659, 1674–1675, 1678–1712, 1722–1809, see the record group of “Duplicated Judgement Books of the Local Courts of Justice”. Related materials The records of the town council and those of the town court originally belonged together. They have been separated by the Turku Provincial Archives. Consequently, the records of the Pori town council include materials closely related to those of the Pori town court. The record group of the “Pori Town Council” is also kept in the Turku Provincial Archives. Because of the big res in the past, it contains only one relevant record: the proceedings of the town council from 1795.

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For extracts of the proceedings of the town council from the period 1772–1795, see the record group of “Judgement Book Collection of the Swedish Commerce Collegium” (items MaTk 15–18). The records of the customs house in Pori dating from the period after the big re in 1852 are kept at the Turku Provincial Archives. Fragmentary customs accounts from the years 1589–1590 and 1615–1618 have been preserved at the National Archives of Sweden in Stockholm (Kammararkivet, series of Finska kameralia, Vol. 81), copies of which are available at the National Archives in Helsinki (microlm no. FR 116). Publications Jaakkola, Jalmari, Porin historia, Vol. I (Pori, 1958). Koivuniemi, Jussi, Joen rytmissä. Porin kaupungin historia 1940–2000 (Hämeenlinna, 2004). • Ruuth, J.W., Björneborgs stads historia (Helsinki, 1897); translation: Porin kaupungin historia (Helsinki, 1899). • Ruuth, J.W., and Mauno Jokipii, Porin kaupungin historia, Vol. II, 1558–1809 (Pori, 1958). • Saarinen, Juhani, Porin historia, Vol. III, 1809–1939 (Kokemäki, 1972). • •

Rauma Town Council Record group Rauma Town Council Rauman maistraatti Reference code : not applicable Period : 1442–1983 Extent : 53 metres Abstract The record group consists of many different diaries, lists and rolls, judgement books with attachments, correspondence, and accounts of the Rauma town council and town court.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1442–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Relevant are the following series: • • • • • •

Ca: Proceedings of the town council, 1766–1799. Ea: Town privileges, 1442–1539. Eca: Attachments to the judgement books, 1609–1801. Eea: Auction room proceedings, 1750–1832. Ehaa: Marine register documents, 1794–1846. Ejd: Ship rolls, 1768–1782.

Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish); also available online at: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance In every town of the Swedish Kingdom there was, since the Middle Ages, a town council, consisting of one or several burgomasters (in Finnish pormestari, in Swedish borgmästare) and at least four councillors (raatimies or rådman). This organ took care of the municipal administration and of the jurisdiction. The council (raati or rådet) was elected yearly, being to a large extent self-completing, with the average burgher taking part in the process at times. The elections of the burgomasters were often inuenced by the governors, and later they were appointed by the king. Gradually, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a functional differentiation took place, in big towns resulting in two separate organs. The town council (maistraatti or magistraten), headed by a municipal burgomaster (kunnallispormestari or politieborgmästare), attended to the municipal administration. The town court (raastuvanoikeus or rådstugurätten), headed by a juridical burgomaster (oikeuspormestari or justitieborgmästare) was acting as a court of justice. Even so, these two organs had to cooperate and therefore jointly decided on certain matters. For this reason their records can hardly be entirely separated. Although the town of Rauma (in Swedish Raumo) was granted its rst known privileges in 1442, it was probably established earlier. It was initially regarded as a staple town, but during the mercantilistic era its rights

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were restricted. Since 1636 the burghers were allowed to sail to Turku and Stockholm only. Since 1766 they could sail to all Baltic harbours, and in 1830 all remaining limitations were abolished. The town council and town court initially consisted of two burgomasters and six to eight councillors; since the 1630s it had only one burgomaster and from the 1720s on four councillors. Town councils still exist in Finland, but in name only. Since 1996 they are merely population register ofces. Copies Finnish translations of some judgement books of the town court from the years 1624–1640 and 1646–1649 and some fragments from the years 1504–1619 have been published. See under “Publications”. For copies of the judgement books of the town court from the periods 1624–1640, 1645–1660, 1678–1712, 1722–1809, see the record group of “Duplicated Judgement Books of the Local Courts of Justice”. For extracts of the proceedings of the town council from the years 1772–1789, see the record group of “Judgement Book Collection of the Swedish Commerce Collegium” (item MaTk 21). Both these record groups have been put on microlm, which may be consulted at National Archives in Helsinki. Related materials The records of the town council and those of the town court originally belonged together. They have been separated by the Turku Provincial Archives. Consequently, the records of the Rauma town court include materials closely related to those of the Rauma town council. For the joint proceedings of the town council and town court from the years 1646–1712, 1722–1765, see the record group of the “Rauma Town Court”. Publications • • • •

Heino, Ulla, Rauma. Idylliä ja tehokkuutta 1875–2000 (Pori, 2002). Högman, Volter, Rauman kaupungin historia, Vol. I, Vuoteen 1641 (Helsinki, 1907). Lähteenoja, Aina, Rauman kaupungin historia, Vols. I–IV (Rauma, 1932–1946). Lähteenoja, Aina, Rauman raastuvanoikeuden pöytäkirjoja vv. 1504–1650. Lisiä Rauman kaupungin historiaan, Vol. I (Rauma, 1952).

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Rauma Town Court Record group Rauma Town Court Rauman raastuvanoikeus Reference code : not applicable Period : 1646–1976 Extent : 74 metres Abstract The record group consists of many different diaries, lists and rolls, judgement books with attachments, correspondence, and accounts of the Rauma town court. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1646–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Relevant are the following series: • • • •

Ca: Joint proceedings of the town court and town council, 1646–1712, 1722–1765, and judgement books of the town court, 1766–1800. Cba: Legal conrmations of possession, 1724–1806. Eb: Inventories of deceased persons’ estates, 1656–1800. Ec: Records of bankruptcy affairs, 1766–1796.

Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish); also available online at: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance In every town of the Swedish Kingdom there was, since the Middle Ages, a town council, consisting of one or several burgomasters (in Finnish pormestari, in Swedish borgmästare) and at least four councillors (raatimies or rådman). This organ took care of the municipal administration and of

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the jurisdiction. The council (raati or rådet) was elected yearly, being to a large extent self-completing, with the average burgher taking part in the process at times. The elections of the burgomasters were often inuenced by the governors, and later they were appointed by the king. Gradually, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a functional differentiation took place, in big towns resulting in two separate organs. The town council (maistraatti or magistraten), headed by a municipal burgomaster (kunnallispormestari or politieborgmästare), attended to the municipal administration. The town court (raastuvanoikeus or rådstugurätten), headed by a juridical burgomaster (oikeuspormestari or justitieborgmästare) was acting as a court of justice. Even so, these two organs had to cooperate and therefore jointly decided on certain matters. For this reason their records can hardly be entirely separated. Although the town of Rauma (in Swedish Raumo) was granted its rst known privileges in 1442, it was probably established earlier. It was initially regarded as a staple town, but during the mercantilistic era its rights were restricted. Since 1636 the burghers were allowed to sail to Turku and Stockholm only. Since 1766 they could sail to all Baltic harbours, and in 1830 all remaining limitations were abolished. The town council and town court initially consisted of two burgomasters and six to eight councillors; since the 1630s it had only one burgomaster and from the 1720s on four councillors. The long story of the town courts in Finland ended in the 1980s and 1990s, when their duties were transferred to newly established organs. Copies Finnish translations of some judgement books of the town court from the years 1624–1640 and 1646–1649 and some fragments from the years 1504–1619 have been published. See under “Publications”. For copies of the judgement books of the town court from the periods 1624–1640, 1645–1660, 1678–1712, 1722–1809, see the record group of “Duplicated Judgement Books of the Local Courts of Justice”. Related materials The records of the town council and those of the town court originally belonged together. They have been separated by the Turku Provincial Archives. Consequently, the records of the Rauma town council include materials closely related to those of the Rauma town court.

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Publications • • • •

Heino, Ulla, Rauma. Idylliä ja tehokkuutta 1875–2000 (Pori, 2002). Högman, Volter, Rauman kaupungin historia, Vol. I, Vuoteen 1641 (Helsinki, 1907). Lähteenoja, Aina, Rauman kaupungin historia, Vols. I–IV (Rauma, 1932–1946). Lähteenoja, Aina, Rauman raastuvanoikeuden pöytäkirjoja vv. 1504–1650. Lisiä Rauman kaupungin historiaan, Vol. I (Rauma, 1952).

Uusikaupunki Town Council and Town Court Record group Uusikaupunki Town Council and Town Court Uudenkaupungin maistraatti ja raastuvanoikeus Reference code : not applicable Period : 1600–1993 Extent : 99 metres Abstract The record group consists of diaries, lists and rolls, judgement books with attachments, correspondence and accounts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1617–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden : Swedish

Relevant are the following series: • • • • • •

I Cc: Joint proceedings of the town court and town council, 1617–1650, 1653–1683, 1694–1701, 1712–1800. I Cd: Legal conrmations of possession, 1751–1800. I Da, I Eb: Correspondence, 1722–1800. I Ec: Inventories of deceased persons’ estates, 1714–1800. I Ed: Records of bankruptcy affairs, 1769–1800. I Eg: Attachments to the judgement books, 1638–1802.

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I Ei: Auction room proceedings, 1754–1834. I Gb: Accounts of the town treasury, giving information on tolag (special town customs) payers and amounts, 1690–1801.

Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish); also available online at the database of the Finnish Archives Administration: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance In every town of the Swedish Kingdom there was, since the Middle Ages, a town council, consisting of one or several burgomasters (in Finnish pormestari, in Swedish borgmästare) and at least four councillors (raatimies or rådman). This organ took care of the municipal administration and of the jurisdiction. The council (raati or rådet) was elected yearly, being to a large extent self-completing, with the average burgher taking part in the process at times. The elections of the burgomasters were often inuenced by the governors, and later they were appointed by the king. Gradually, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a functional differentiation took place, in big towns resulting in two separate organs. The town council (maistraatti or magistraten), headed by a municipal burgomaster (kunnallispormestari or politieborgmästare), attended to the municipal administration. The town court (raastuvanoikeus or rådstugurätten), headed by a juridical burgomaster (oikeuspormestari or justitieborgmästare) was acting as a court of justice. Even so, these two organs had to cooperate and therefore jointly decided on certain matters. For this reason their records can hardly be entirely separated. The town of Uusikaupunki (in Swedish Nystad) was established in 1617 by Gustavus II Adolph, King of Sweden. It immediately gained partial active staple rights, the burghers being allowed to sail to all harbours around the Baltic Sea, excluding the Polish ports. After 1636 only Turku and Stockholm were permitted destinations, and from 1641 timber export to and salt import from the Baltic ports were allowed. The commercial rights were enlarged to some extent in 1766, and in 1830 the town nally gained full staple rights. In the town court and council there were initially two burgomasters and six councillors, later on one burgomaster and four councillors. The long story of the town courts in Finland ended in the 1980s and 1990s, when their duties were transferred to newly established organs. Town councils still exist in Finland, but in name only. Since 1996 they are merely population register ofces.

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Copies For copies of the judgement books of the town court from the years 1644–1659, 1674–1675, 1678–1711, 1722–1807, see the record group of “Duplicated Judgement Books of the Local Courts of Justice”, at the National Archives in Helsinki. For extracts of the proceedings of the town council from the period 1772–1798, see the record group of “Judgement Book Collection of the Swedish Commerce Collegium” (items MaTk 37–39), at the National Archives in Helsinki. Both these record groups have been put on microlm, which may be consulted at the National Archives in Helsinki. Publications • •

Kaukovalta, Kyösti, Uudenkaupungin historia, Vols. I–IV (Tampere, Uusikaupunki, 1917–1943). Paasio, Veikko, Uudenkaupungin historia, Vol. V (Uusikaupunki, 1967).

VAASA PROVINCIAL ARCHIVES Vaasan Maakunta-Arkisto Vaasa www.narc./Arkistolaitos/vma

Customs House in Vaasa Record group Customs House in Vaasa Vaasan tullikamari Reference code : not applicable Period : 1766–1968 Extent : 31 metres

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Abstract The record group consists mainly of diaries, incoming ofcial letters, copies of outgoing letters, accounts and verications of the customs house in Vaasa. Additionally, there are judgement books of the Vaasa sea toll court from the period 1766–1806. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1766–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Relevant are correspondence from the period 1766–1800 (series Da, Ea), accounts from the years 1766–1778, 1780–1786, 1788–1789, 1791–1794 and 1799–1800 (Ga), and judgement books of the Vaasa sea toll court from the period 1766–1806 (Ca). Among the accounts are the sea toll journals, mentioning ships entering and leaving the port. Each ship’s name, nationality and captain are listed as well as the composition, value and owners of the cargo, date of arrival, ports of departure and destination, and amount of sea toll paid. The sea toll courts tried all kinds of smuggling cases and customs offences. Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish); also available online at the database of the Finnish Archives Administration: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance The town of Vaasa (in Swedish Vasa) was established in 1606 by Charles IX, King of Sweden. In the mercantilistic system it had no staple rights, the burghers being allowed to sail to Turku and Stockholm only, until in 1765 it was granted full staple rights. The customs house in Vaasa (in Swedish Stora Siö Tulls Cammaren i Vasa) was headed by a collector of customs (tullförvaltare), who was assisted by two examiners (besökare). Custodial history Vaasa, including the town hall, burned down in 1852, for which reason little remains in the city archives from before that date. The main part of the record groups of the town council and town court perished in the re.

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However, related materials are available elsewhere, see under “Related materials”. Copies For copies of the judgement books of the sea toll court in Vaasa from the period 1766–1806, see the record group of “Judgement Book Collection of the Swedish Commerce Collegium”. Related materials Some customs accounts from Vaasa (1620, 1621) are preserved in the record group of “Account Book Collection” (items VA 227a and 227b). Materials related to the records of the town council and town court, which perished in the re of 1852, are to be found in various record groups. In the record group of “Duplicated Judgement Books of the Local Courts of Justice”, there are duplicates of the judgement books of the Vaasa town court from the years 1623–1712 and 1721–1809. The record group of “Judgement Book Collection of the Swedish Commerce Collegium” contains extracts of the proceedings of the Vaasa town council from the period 1772–1806. Both these record groups have been put on microlm, available at the National Archives in Helsinki. Publications • • • •

Heikkinen, Sakari, Suomeen ja maailmalle. Tullilaitoksen historia (Helsinki, 1994). Luukko, Armas, Vaasan historia, Vols. I–II (Vaasa, 1971–1979). Mäkelä, Anneli, Vaasan historia, Vol. III (Vaasa, 1985). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 5:1–2, Centrala myndigheter och domstolar. Internationella organ, ed. Bertil Johansson et al. (Skrifter utgivna av Svenska Riksarkivet, 8) (Stockholm, 1999).

Kaskinen Town Council and Town Court Record group Kaskinen Town Council and Town Court Kaskisten maistraatti ja raastuvanoikeus Reference code : not applicable Period : 1770–1982 Extent : 22 metres

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Abstract The record group consists of many different diaries, lists and rolls, judgement books with attachments, correspondence, and accounts of the Kaskinen town council and town court. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1770–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Relevant are the proceedings of the town council from 1785 onward (series Cb), attachments from 1777 on (Cd), town privileges from 1789 on (Ea), correspondence from 1781 on (Da, Eb, Ec), inventories of deceased persons’ estates from 1788 on (Ef ), and accounts from 1770 on (Gb). Quite exceptionally the port was granted staple rights before the town was established, for which reason there are among the accounts some tolag journals from the years 1770–1787. Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish and Swedish); also available online at the database of the Finnish Archives Administration: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance Kaskinen (in Swedish Kaskö) harboured a very good natural port, and in 1765 it was decided that a staple town would be established there. According to the best mercantilistic traditions, the inhabitants of two other towns, Vaasa and Kristiinankaupunki, were commanded to settle down in Kaskinen. As they were very unwilling to do so, it was only in 1785 that the new town was established by Gustavus III, King of Sweden. Kaskinen was granted full staple rights, of which the port had made use since 1766. Being newly founded and very small, the town did not initially have a town court of its own, but was subordinated to the neighbouring juridical district of Närpiö. Instead of a normal town council and a burgomaster, there was an administrative court called järjestys(mies)oikeus (in Swedish ordnings(manna)rätt), consisting of four councillors presided by a järjestysmies (ordningsman). Since 1817 Kaskinen had a normal town council and town court, until the long story of the town courts in Finland ended in the 1980s and 1990s, when their duties were transferred to newly established

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organs. In Kaskinen this happened in 1982. Town councils still exist, but in name only. Since 1996 they are merely population register ofces. Publications • •

Jungar, Sune, et al., Kaskö stads historia (Närpes, 1983); translation: Kaskisten kaupungin historia (Närpiö, 1984). Jungar, Sune, “Kaskö stads historia 1785–1816” (Turku, 1962), unpublished thesis (available at the Vaasa Provincial Archives and the Åbo Academy University Library in Turku).

Kokkola Town Council and Town Court Record group Kokkola Town Council and Town Court Kokkolan maistraatti ja raastuvanoikeus Reference code : not applicable Period : 1620–1988 Extent : 79 metres Abstract The record group consists of many different diaries, lists and rolls, judgement books with attachments, correspondence, and accounts of the Kokkola town council and town court. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1663–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Relevant are the following series and items: •

•

Ca: Joint proceedings of the town court and town council, 1707–1711, 1722–1796, and separate judgement books of the town court, 1797– 1800. Cba: Legal conrmations of possession, 1745–1800.

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Cca: Attachments, 1663–1800. Cd: Separate proceedings of the town council, 1749–1798. Cg: Auction room proceedings, 1729–1800. Da, Eaa: Correspondence, 1664–1799. Eb: Inventories of deceased persons’ estates, 1697–1800. Ec: Records of bankruptcy affairs, 1792–1806. Eec:1: Account book of the ship Gottland, containing the captain’s expences at various harbours, 1782. Ha:1: Correspondence concerning the achievement of staple rights, 1734–1765.

Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish and Swedish); also available online at the database of the Finnish Archives Administration: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance In every town of the Swedish Kingdom there was, since the Middle Ages, a town council, consisting of one or several burgomasters (in Finnish pormestari, in Swedish borgmästare) and at least four councillors (raatimies or rådman). This organ took care of the municipal administration and of the jurisdiction. The council (raati or rådet) was elected yearly, being to a large extent self-completing, with the average burgher taking part in the process at times. The elections of the burgomasters were often inuenced by the governors, and later they were appointed by the king. Gradually, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a functional differentiation took place, in big towns resulting in two separate organs. The town council (maistraatti or magistraten), headed by a municipal burgomaster (kunnallispormestari or politieborgmästare), attended to the municipal administration. The town court (raastuvanoikeus or rådstugurätten), headed by a juridical burgomaster (oikeuspormestari or justitieborgmästare) was acting as a court of justice. Even so, these two organs had to cooperate and therefore jointly decided on certain matters. For this reason their records can hardly be entirely separated. The town of Kokkola (in Swedish Gamlakarleby) was established in 1620 by Gustavus II Adolph, King of Sweden. Initially, it had no staple rights, the burghers being allowed to sail to Turku and Stockholm only. Since 1766, however, Kokkola was a staple town. In the town council and the town court there were usually one burgomaster and ve to eight councillors. The long story of town courts and councils in Finland ended in the 1980s and 1990s, when their duties were transferred to newly established organs.

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Since 1996 the town councils, being part of the state administration, only deal with the registration of the population. Copies For copies of the judgement books of the town court from the years 1626–1711 and 1722–1808, see the record group of “Duplicated Judgement Books of the Local Courts of Justice”. For extracts of the proceedings of the town council from the period 1772–1798, see the record group of “Judgement Book Collection of the Swedish Commerce Collegium” (item MaTk 5). Both these record groups have been put on micolm, which may be consulted at the National Archives in Helsinki. Publications • •

• •

• •

Björkman, Hjalmar, Bouppteckningar i Gamlakarleby stad 1697–1800 (Suomen Sukututkimusseuran julkaisuja, XI) (Helsinki, 1935). Mickwitz, Axel and Sylvi Möller, Gamlakarleby stads historia, Vol. I, 1620– 1713 (Turku, 1951); translation: Kokkolan kaupungin historia, Vol. I, 1620–1713 (Turku, 1951). Möller, Sylvi, Kokkolan kaupungin historia, Vol. III, 1808–1878 (Porvoo, 1970). Nikander, Gabriel, Gamlakarleby stads historia, Vol. II, 1714–1808 (Turku, 1944); translation: Kokkolan kaupungin historia, Vol. II, 1714–1808 (Turku, 1945). Sandelin, J.F., Gamlakarleby stads historia 1879–1919 (Gamlakarleby, 1920). Toiviainen, Hillevi, Kokkolan kaupungin historia, Vol. IV, 1879–1945 (Vaasa, 1994).

Kristiinankaupunki Town Court and Town Council Record group Kristiinankaupunki Town Court and Town Council Kristiinankaupungin raastuvanoikeus ja maistraatti Reference code : not applicable Period : 1652–1982 Extent : 76 metres

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Abstract The record group consists of many different diaries, lists and rolls, judgement books with attachments, correspondence, and accounts of the Kristiinankaupunki town court and town council. Records of the excise duty court and the sea toll court of this town are also included. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1658–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Relevant are the following series: • • • • • • •

Cd: Joint proceedings of the town court and town council, 1658–1712, 1722–1800. Ce:1: Attachments, 1768–1800. Ci: Auction room proceedings, 1763–1800. Da, Ea, Eh: Correspondence, 1702–1800. Ef: Records of bankruptcy affairs, 1747–1798. Eg: Inventories of deceased persons’ estates, 1691–1800. Ga, Gh: Accounts of the town council, 1684–1800.

Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish and Swedish); also available online at the database of the Finnish Archives Administration: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance In every town of the Swedish Kingdom there was, since the Middle Ages, a town council, consisting of one or several burgomasters (in Finnish pormestari, in Swedish borgmästare) and at least four councillors (raatimies or rådman). This organ took care of the municipal administration and of the jurisdiction. The council (raati or rådet) was elected yearly, being to a large extent self-completing, with the average burgher taking part in the process at times. The elections of the burgomasters were often inuenced by the governors, and later they were appointed by the king. Gradually, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a functional differentiation took place, in big towns resulting in two separate organs. The

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town council (maistraatti or magistraten), headed by a municipal burgomaster (kunnallispormestari or politieborgmästare), attended to the municipal administration. The town court (raastuvanoikeus or rådstugurätten), headed by a juridical burgomaster (oikeuspormestari or justitieborgmästare) was acting as a court of justice. Even so, these two organs had to cooperate and therefore jointly decided on certain matters. For this reason their records can hardly be entirely separated. The town of Kristiinankaupunki (in Swedish Kristinestad) was established in 1649 by Per Brahe, Governor-General of Finland, and was probably named after Queen Christina then reigning Sweden, or perhaps after Christina Stenbock, Per Brahe’s spouse. Initially the town was granted limited active staple rights. Local ships were permitted to export wood to Swedish, Livonian and German harbours, while foreign ships were not allowed to visit Kristiinankaupunki. Since 1789 the town had full staple rights. In the town council and the town court there were usually one burgomaster and ve to six councillors. The long story of the town courts in Finland ended in the 1980s and 1990s, when their duties were transferred to newly established organs. Town councils still exist, but in name only. Since 1996 they are merely population register ofces. Copies For copies of the judgement books of the town court from the years 1652–1654, 1664–1712 and 1722–1809, see the record group of “Duplicated Judgement Books of the Local Courts of Justice”. For extracts of the proceedings of the town council from the period 1780–1802 and of the local sea toll court from the years 1793–1805, see the record group of “Judgement Book Collection of the Swedish Commerce Collegium” (items MaTk 5–9 and MTO 2). Both these record groups have been put on microlm, which may be consulted at the National Archives in Helsinki. Publications •

•

•

Mäkelä, Anneli, Lars Pettersson, and Bror Åkerblom, Kristiinankaupungin historia, Vol. I (Vaasa, 1984); translation: Kristinestads historia, Vol. I (Vaasa, 1984). Norrvik, Christer, Stad under segel. Kristinestads sjöfart efter 1809 (Vaasa, 1999); translation: Purjeiden kaupunki. Kristiinankaupungin merenkulku vuoden 1809 jälkeen (Vaasa, 1999). [Sjöblom, Walter], Kristinestads historia (Kristinestad, 1915).

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Pietarsaari Town Court and Town Council Record group Pietarsaari Town Court and Town Council Pietarsaaren raastuvanoikeus ja maistraatti Reference code : not applicable Period : 1688–1991 Extent : 81 metres Abstract The record group consists of many different diaries, lists and rolls, judgement books with attachments, correspondence, and accounts of the Pietarsaari town council and town court. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1706–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Relevant are the following series and items: • • • • • • • • • •

Cb: Joint proceedings of the town court and the town council, 1722–1741, and judgement books of the town court, 1742–1801. Cca: Legal conrmations of possession, 1746–1804. Cda: Proceedings of the town council, 1745–1786. Cdb: Attachments, 1710–1804. Ce: Auction room proceedings, 1729–1806. Cj: Ship measuring book, 1767–1918. Da, Ea: Correspondence, 1710–1800. Ed: Inventories of deceased persons’ estates, 1706–1803. Ee: Records of bankruptcy affairs, 1769–1800. He:13: Instruction on how to sail into the harbours around the Bothnic Gulf, eighteenth century.

Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish and Swedish); also available online at the database of the Finnish Archives Administration: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW.

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Record creator / provenance In every town of the Swedish Kingdom there was, since the Middle Ages, a town council, consisting of one or several burgomasters (in Finnish pormestari, in Swedish borgmästare) and at least four councillors (raatimies or rådman). This organ took care of the municipal administration and of the jurisdiction. The council (raati or rådet) was elected yearly, being to a large extent self-completing, with the average burgher taking part in the process at times. The elections of the burgomasters were often inuenced by the governors, and later they were appointed by the king. Gradually, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a functional differentiation took place, in big towns resulting in two separate organs. The town council (maistraatti or magistraten), headed by a municipal burgomaster (kunnallispormestari or politieborgmästare), attended to the municipal administration. The town court (raastuvanoikeus or rådstugurätten), headed by a juridical burgomaster (oikeuspormestari or justitieborgmästare) was acting as a court of justice. Even so, these two organs had to cooperate and therefore jointly decided on certain matters. For this reason their records can hardly be entirely separated. Since the early seventeenth century, Jakob de la Gardie, the eminent military commander, had a large feudatory estate on the eastern coast of the Bothnic Gulf. As there was a good natural port there, he aimed at establishing a town in his domain. After his death, his widow, countess Ebba Brahe, realised this idea in 1652 and named the town after her late husband as Jakobstad. The Finnish speaking people in the area never accepted the new Swedish name, however, and maintained the ancient name of the place: Pietarsaari. Initially the town had no staple rights and was permitted to trade only with Turku and Stockholm. Since 1766 local ships were allowed to sail abroad, and in 1793 Pietarsaari was granted full staple rights. In the town court and town council there were one burgomaster and four councillors. The long story of the town courts in Finland ended in the 1980s and 1990s, when their duties were transferred to newly established organs. Town councils still exist in Finland, but in name only. Since 1996 they are merely population register ofces. Copies For copies of the judgement books of the town court from the years 1654– 1711, 1722–1809, see the record group of “Duplicated Judgement Books of the Local Courts of Justice”. For extracts of the proceedings of the town council from 1776–1806, see the record group of “Judgement Book Collection of the Swedish Commerce Collegium (items MaTk 13–15)”. Both

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these record groups have been put on microlm, which is available at the National Archives in Helsinki. Publications • •

•

Björkman, Hjalmar, Bidrag till Jakobstads historia, Vols. I–IV (Jakobstad, 1918–1924). Björkman, Hjalmar, “Bouppteckningar för äldre tid i Finlands städer, Vol. I, Jakobstad 1706–1800”, in: Suomen Sukututkimusseuran vuosikirja, XIII (1929). Söderhjelm, Alma, Jakobstads historia, Vols. I–III (Helsinki, 1907– 1914).

Seinäjoki Factory and Törnävä Manor Record group Seinäjoki Factory and Törnävä Manor Seinäjoen tehdas ja Törnävän kartano Reference code : not applicable Period : 1742–1915 Extent : 14 metres Abstract The record group comprises correspondence with and resolutions by the authorities, correspondence with private persons and enterprises, contracts, accounts of the Merchant House Falander, and of the shipyard, sawmill, powder mill, ironworks, brickyard, dairy, and the farms belonging at one time or another to the concern. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1742–1807 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Relevant are the following series: • •

Da: Copybooks, 1781–1803. Ga: General ledgers, 1772–1801.

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Ge: Concept journals, 1785–1794. Gj: Account books of Merchant House Falander, 1742–1807, and memorandum books, 1775–1790.

Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish); also partly available online at the database of the Finnish Archives Administration: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW. Record creator / provenance Jakob Falander (1699–1768) was a burgher and shipowner in Kokkola (in Swedish Gamlakarleby). His son Abraham Falander (1746–1815) followed in his footsteps, rst in Kokkola and from 1774 in the neighbouring town of Vaasa (in Swedish Vasa). He became an important businessman. As a young man Falander gathered, as usual, experience by sailing with merchant vessels to Germany, Holland and France, and later became a big shipowner himself. During the boom caused by the war between England and its American colonies, he took part in the export of tar, pitch, timber and ships, which was very protable. To avoid the English privateers, in this period he had to disguise his own ship as Danish, providing it with the Danish ag and a Norwegian crew. As a kind of agent he sold ships built in Vaasa and the surrounding countryside to Sweden, England and other countries. He had partners in many European towns, his creditors were in Stockholm and London, and he insured his ships and cargoes in Amsterdam (Jan & Carl Hasselgren). Falander bought a sawmill, established a shipyard of his own, and had a long river cleared in order to render possible the oating of logs from the inland. One of his enterprises was the ironworks in Seinäjoki (in Swedish Östermyra). When ennobled in 1808, Falander was granted the name of Wasastjerna. Custodial history The record group has been compiled at the Vaasa Provincial Archives. It is a collection of materials partly preserved in the Seinäjoki Museum, partly donated by L.G. von Bonsdorff and partly removed from the archives of the court of appeal in Vaasa. Publications •

Alanen, Aulis J., “Falander (Wasastjerna), Abraham”, in: Eteläpohjalaisia elämäkertoja A-L (Vaasa, 1963).

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Alanen, Aulis J., Pohjanlahden vapaasta purjehduksesta 1766–1808 (Historiallinen Arkisto, 53) (Helsinki, 1950) (summary: “Über die freie Schiffart auf dem Bottnischen Meerbusen 1766–1808”). Alanen, Aulis J., Seinäjoen historia, Vol. I, Vuoteen 1939 eli kunnan jakautumiseen kauppalaksi ja maalaiskunnaksi (Seinäjoki, 1970). Luukko, Armas, Vaasan historia, Vol. II, 1721–1809 (Vaasa, 1979).

Uusikaarlepyy Town Council and Town Court Record group Uusikaarlepyy Town Council and Town Court Uudenkaarlepyyn maistraatti ja raastuvanoikeus Reference code : not applicable Period : 1728–1982 Extent : 21 metres Abstract The record group consists of many different diaries, lists and rolls, judgement books with attachments, correspondence, and accounts of the Uusikaarlepyy town council and town court. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1754–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Relevant are the joint proceedings of the town court and town council from the period 1797–1800 (series Ca), the judgement books of the town court from 1780 (Cd), and some lists of the local burghers from the years 1754–1800 (Ba). Accessibility Inventory (in Finnish and Swedish); also available online at the database of the Finnish Archives Administration: www.narc.:8080/VakkaWWW.

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Record creator / provenance In every town of the Swedish Kingdom there was, since the Middle Ages, a town council, consisting of one or several burgomasters (in Finnish pormestari, in Swedish borgmästare) and at least four councillors (raatimies or rådman). This organ took care of the municipal administration and of the jurisdiction. The council (raati or rådet) was elected yearly, being to a large extent self-completing, with the average burgher taking part in the process at times. The elections of the burgomasters were often inuenced by the governors, and later they were appointed by the king. Gradually, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a functional differentiation took place, in big towns resulting in two separate organs. The town council (maistraatti or magistraten), headed by a municipal burgomaster (kunnallispormestari or politieborgmästare), attended to the municipal administration. The town court (raastuvanoikeus or rådstugurätten), headed by a juridical burgomaster (oikeuspormestari or justitieborgmästare) was acting as a court of justice. Even so, these two organs had to cooperate and therefore jointly decided on certain matters. For this reason their records can hardly be entirely separated. The town of Uusikaarlepyy (in Swedish Nykarleby) was established in 1620 by Gustavus II Adolph, King of Sweden. It had initially no staple rights, the burghers being allowed to sail to Turku and Stockholm only. Since 1766 the local ships were allowed to sail abroad, and in 1793 Uusikaarlepyy was granted full staple rights. In the town court and town council there were one burgomaster and ve to seven councillors. The long story of the town courts in Finland ended in the 1980s and 1990s, when their duties were transferred to newly established organs. Town councils still exist, but in name only. Since 1996 they are merely population register ofces. Custodial history Uusikaarlepyy, including its town hall, burned down in January 1858. For this reason little remains in the city archives from before that date. Nothing is left dating from before 1675. Copies For copies of the judgement books of the town court from the years 1629–1712 and 1722–1809, see the record group of “Duplicated Judgement Books of the Local Courts of Justice”. For the extracts of the proceedings of the town council from the period 1772–1794, see the record group of “Judgement Book Collection of the Swedish Commerce Collegium” (item

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MaTk 37). Both these record groups have been put on microlm, which is available at the National Archives in Helsinki. Publications • •

Birck, Erik, Nykarleby stads historia, Vols. II–III (Jakobstad, 1980– 1988). Wichmann, V.K.E., Nykarleby stad 1620–1920 (Helsinki, 1920).

GERMANY

Germany by Tatjana Niemsch (Lübeck section), various authors (other sections) LOWER SAXONY STATE ARCHIVES – STATE ARCHIVES OF AURICH Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv – Staatsarchiv Aurich Aurich www.staatsarchiv-aurich.niedersachsen.de

District of Norden Record group District of Norden Amt Norden Reference code Period Extent

: Rep. 37 : 1627–1944 : 2057 units

Abstract The record group comprises papers deriving from the district (Amt) of Norden, on the North Sea coast near the Dutch border. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1801–1804 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands : High German, Low German

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Relevant are items 1536–1591, which contain papers concerning shipwrecks and average, mainly of Dutch ships but also of two Danish vessels (1803, 1804) and one from Sweden (1801). Accessibility Inventory (in German) (1998); also available online at: www.aidaonline. niedersachsen.de. Record creator / provenance Since earliest times the town and district of Norden, which were joined into one parish, have formed a unit, which also comprised the island of Juist. Related materials •

Norden Town (reference code: Dep. 60).

Publications •

Pötzsch, Stefan, Findbuch zum Bestand Amt Norden, Rep. 37 (Veröffentlichungen der Niedersächsischen Archivverwaltung, Inventare und kleinere Schriften des Staatsarchivs in Aurich, 1) (Göttingen, 1981).

Eastfriesian Assembly Record group Eastfriesian Assembly Ostfriesische Landschaft Reference code : Dep. 1 Period : 15th century–1808 Extent : 6431 units, 134 metres Abstract This record group contains les on Eastfriesian nances and debt, the administration of the Assembly and the voluminous series of tax registers and minutes of the regional treasury council and diets.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1612–1808 : Germany, Russia, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Low German

As relations to the neighbouring United Netherlands played a prominent role, several reports by envoys and legations are included. No. 02.01 contains papers concerning relations with The Hague and the Netherlands, consisting of reports and correspondence by envoys, residents and legations dating from the period 1612–1753. Other relevant items include: •

•

•

3: Complaints by the timber traders in Norden against excise being levied on timber imported from Prussian ports in the Baltic Sea region, and demands for its abolition, 1790–1792. 297, 300, 301, 302: Papers concerning trade companies in Emden (such as the Brandenburg Africa Company and the Prussian Asian Company), 1683–1766. 4783: Redemption of eight supposedly Eastfriesian sailors on English ships by the consul in St. Petersburg, 1808.

Accessibility Inventory (in German) (2002); also available online at: www.aidaonline. niedersachsen.de. Record creator / provenance Between 1611 and 1744, the Eastfriesian Assembly (estates of knights, towns and farmers) functioned in practice as a subsidiary head of state. The symbol of this quasi-sovereign was a coat-of-arms, which had been granted to the estates by the Emperor in 1678. Like a ruling dynasty, the Assembly entertained political and diplomatic ties to foreign powers. During the nineteenth century, it transformed itself gradually into a body of cultural identity, which today considers itself the supreme representative of Eastfriesian cultural interests. Custodial history The Eastfriesian Assembly transferred its les to the Aurich State Archives in 1900.

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Copies The record group has been completely microlmed. Related materials •

Princely Eastfriesian Archives (reference code: Rep. 4).

Publications •

•

•

•

Borcke, Heinrich, Graf von, Die brandenburg-preußische Marine und die Africanische Compagnie (nach einem vom Jahre 1755 datierten, in französischer Sprache geschriebenen Manuscripte) (Cologne, 1864). Gmür, Rudolf, “Die Emder Handelscompagnien des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts”, in: Festschrift für Harry Westermann zum 65. Geburtstag, eds. Wolfgang Hafermehl et al. (Karlsruhe, 1974), pp. 167–197. Kappelhoff, Bernd, Absolutistisches Regiment oder Ständeherrschaft. Landesherr und Landstände in Ostfriesland im ersten Drittel des 18. Jahrhunderts (Hildesheim, 1982). Ring, Viktor, Asiatische Handelscompagnien Friedrichs des Grossen. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des preussischen Seehandels und Aktienwesens (Berlin, 1890).

Emden District Court Record group Emden District Court Amtsgericht Emden Reference code : Rep. 124 Period : 1607–1965 Extent : 5879 items Abstract This record group consists of the administration of the Emden District Court and its preceding bodies. It contains many records concerning the application of the law in the town of Emden prior to the introduction of the District Court (Amtsgericht) in 1852. The older records include mainly court registers and drafts of notarial deeds, matters of registration and noncontentious litigation.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1754–1789 : Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, High German, Low German

The activities of the many notaries stationed in Emden included the legal registration of sales of ships, and the drawing up of declarations of captains and sailors concerning average and loss of cargo (Schiffsverklarungen) and contracts of carriage. Items 2514, 2521 and 2657 are drafts of notarial deeds including many contracts of carriage, among them to Königsberg/Kaliningrad and Memel/Klaipeda, dating from 1757–1782. Item 2327 are drafts of notarial deeds including testimonies for the court case concerning the capture of the Swedish vessel Drei Kronen, from 1760. The drafts of notarial deeds also contain documents concerning many private law cases in connection with the trading companies based in Emden (the Prussian Asia Company and the Bengal Trading Company), dating from 1754–1789 (17 folders). Most of these concern the Asia Company and its governors, employees (seamen, captains and supercargoes) and real estate, as well as its trade in goods; 3 folders concern the Bengal Trading Company, from 1762–1763. Accessibility Inventory (in German) (2006); also available online at: www.aidaonline. niedersachsen.de. Custodial history Although the term District Court (Amtsgericht) was already in use under Prussian rule from 1744 onwards, it described only the administration of the law by the bailiff (Amtmann), as distinct from the civil administration jointly exercised by the bailiff and the revenue ofcer (Rentmeister). A formal separation of the judicial and civil administration did not take place until the Hannover legal reforms of 1852. Strictly speaking, this should be the starting date for the records of the district courts, but for practical purposes the les of the preceding law courts, that is to say those of the districts of Emden, Greetsiel and Pewsum, together with the municipal court of Emden and the lordship of Emden, were transferred to the archives of the newly created District Court.

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Publications •

•

Hagedorn, Bernhard, Ostfrieslands Handel und Schiffahrt vom Ausgang des 16. Jahrhunderts bis zum Westfälischen Frieden 1580–1648 (Abhandlungen zur Verkehrs- und Seegeschichte im Auftrage des Hansischen Geschichtsvereins, 6) (Berlin, 1912). Müller, Annemarie, “Emdens Seeschiffahrt und Seehandel von der Besitzergreifung Ostfrieslands durch Preußen bis zur Eröffnung des Dortmund-Ems-Kanals 1744–1899”, in: Hansische Geschichtsblätter, 55, 56 (1930–1931).

Great Collection of Charters Record group Great Collection of Charters Große Urkundensammlung Reference code : Rep. 1 Period : 1284–1805 Extent : 1300 units Abstract The record group contains the charters of the Eastfriesian sovereigns, the monasteries and other charter collections. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1547–1752 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands : High German, Latin, Low German

Relevant charters include the following: • •

•

173: King Gustav I Wasa of Sweden enters into a trade agreement with Countess Anna of East-Friesland, 1557. 179: On petition by Count Johann of East-Friesland, King Frederick II of Denmark grants that Eastfriesian ships shall pay no higher toll in the Sound than Spanish ones, 1565. 274: King Gustav I Wasa of Sweden marries his daughter Catharine to Count Edzard II of East-Friesland, 1558.

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•

• •

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276: Emperor Ferdinand I conrms the marriage settlement between Count Edzard II of East-Friesland and King Gustav I Wasa of Sweden of 29 September 1559 (inserted), 1562. 365: Duke Joachim Friedrich of Schleswig and Holstein and Princess Juliane Louise of East-Friesland, sister of Prince Georg Albrecht of East-Friesland, enter into a marriage agreement as negotiated by the Dukes August Wilhelm and Ludwig Rudolf and Duchess Christine of Brunswik-Lüneburg, including conrmation by King Frederick IV of Denmark, 1721–1722. 1061: King Frederick IV of Denmark bestows membership in the Danish Order of the Elephant on Prince Georg Albrecht of East-Friesland, 1722. 1185: The governors of the Prussian Asian Company appoint Daniel Krüger as supercargo, 1752. 1273: Burgomaster and council of the town of Vadstena in Sweden grant a sea letter to the skipper Peder Anderssen for a journey to the Netherlands or Scotland, 1547.

Accessibility Inventory (in German) (1996); also available online at: www.aidaonline. niedersachsen.de. Custodial history Most of the charters of the more than 40 Eastfriesian monasteries were destroyed during the Reformation by the sovereign. Publications •

• •

Deeters, Walter, Findbuch zum Bestand Große Urkundensammlung, Rep. 1 (Veröffentlichungen der Niedersächsischen Archivverwaltung; Inventare und kleinere Schriften des Staatsarchivs Aurich, 17) (Leer, 1996). Friedländer, Ernst (ed.), Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch, Vol. 1: 787–1470 (Emden, 1878), Vol. 2: 1471–1500 (Emden, 1881). Möhlman, Günther (ed.), Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch, Vol. 3: Ergänzende Regesten und Urkunden zu Bd. 1 und 2, 854–1500 (Aurich, 1975).

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Manuscript Collection Record group Manuscript Collection Manuskripte (Handschriftensammlung) Reference code : Rep. 241 Period : 1276–1984 Extent : 525 units Abstract The Manuscript Collection comprises documents of public and private provenance and provides rich source material for all kinds of research, in particular concerning the medieval and early modern history of EastFriesland. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1558–1600 : Denmark, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Sweden : High German

Relevant manuscripts include the following: •

• •

•

A 74: Journal by the chancellor Friedrich ter Westen of his embassy and travel with Count Edzard II through Denmark to Sweden for the purpose of the marriage of the said count with the royal Princess Catharine, 1558–1559 (copy by Ubbo Emmius). A 80: Treaty between King Christian IV of Denmark and the town of Emden, offer of protection, c. 1600 (Ubbo Emmius). A 84: Application of the town of Emden to be accepted into the community of Hanseatic towns, and the response of the Hanseatic towns, including minutes of the Lübeck Hanseatic Diet of 1579. A 123: Documents and news mainly on the capture of Emden ships by Poland in the ports of Gdansk (Danzig) and Riga and on other foreign matters during and after the Emden Revolution, 1595–1599.

Accessibility Inventory (in German) (2003); also available online at: www.aidaonline. niedersachsen.de.

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Norden Town Record group Norden Town Stadt Norden Reference code Period Extent

: Dep. 60 : 1553–20th century : 2105 units, 61 metres

Abstract The documents of the town of Norden (on the North Sea coast near the Dutch border) contain details on shipping movements, although the origin and destination of the vessels cannot always be ascertained. The bulk of the materials dates from the nineteenth century. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1777–1823 : Germany, Poland, Russia, various countries : High German, Low German

Relevant are item 905, which concerns shipping and trade in the years 1777–1823, and item 915, listing ships arriving in and departing from the harbour of Norden, with charts of grain prices (3 volumes), dating from 1791–1801. Accessibility Inventory (in German) (1967); also available online at: www.aidaonline. niedersachsen.de. Record creator / provenance The district and town of Norden were joined into one parish and had a special relationship. As heart of the Norden area, the town of Norden was the administrative centre for the Norden district until the local government reform of 1978. During the fteenth century the town of Norden developed into a trading port, which particularly served coastal shipping. There was intensive trade especially with the Netherlands.

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Custodial history The Norden municipal archives were transferred to the Aurich State Archives in 1964, where the records were sorted into 54 topical groups and inventoried. The archives suffered losses during both World Wars, when soldiers used the papers for heating purposes. Related materials •

District of Norden (reference code: Rep. 37).

(Old) Prussian Administration in East-Friesland Record group (Old) Prussian Administration in East-Friesland (Alte) Preußische Regierung in Ostfriesland Reference code : Rep. 5 Period : 1744–1806 Extent : 3046 units, 13 metres Abstract These records reect the activities of the Prussian Administration in EastFriesland, which concerned matters of sovereignty, feu, churches and law. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1744–1799 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands : High German, Latin, Low German

Relevant items include the following: • • •

28: Petition by the merchant Daniel Jacob Büttin from Copenhagen for right of domicile and the granting of citizenship in Emden, 1799. 78: Appointment of the King of Denmark as sole heir to the late Princess Sophie Caroline of East-Friesland, 1764–1766. 940: Commercial reports from the district (Amt) of Norden with shipping news, 1746–1748.

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981: Sea letter for the skipper Doede Rolffs from Borkum en route to Langelund in Norway, 1744. 986: Papers concerning the Bengal Trading Company in Emden, 1759– 1760, 1766. 997: Papers concerning the shipwreck of the Swedish vessel Neptunus off Juist, 1749–1752.

Accessibility Inventory (in German) (1981). Record creator / provenance After the annexation of East-Friesland by Prussia in 1744, the Old Prussian Administration was instituted to replace the Secret Council and the Chancellery. When departmental administration was introduced in 1751, the Old Prussian Administration lost its central tasks to the newly formed Chamber of War and Demesnes, and was essentially reduced to a controlling body of the region’s sovereignty and borders. Through unication with the Court of Law, however, it was at the same time turned into the supreme judicial authority. By inclusion of professional men it also served as “Collegium Medicum”, the health authority of East-Friesland, the les of which have disappeared without a trace. There were also close relations to the consistory. Copies The record group has been completely microlmed. Publications • •

Kaufhold, Karl-Heinrich, and Uwe Wallbaum (eds.), Historische Statistik der preußischen Provinz Ostfriesland 1744–1806 (Aurich, 1998). Moßig, Christian, Findbuch zum Bestand Preußische Regierung in Ostfriesland 1744–1806 (bis 1815), 3 Vols. (Veröffentlichungen der Niedersächsischen Archivverwaltung; Inventare und kleinere Schriften des Staatsarchivs in Aurich, 2–4) (Göttingen, 1981).

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Princely Eastfriesian Archives Record group Princely Eastfriesian Archives Fürstlich Ostfriesisches Archiv Reference code : Rep. 4 Period : 1401–1744 Extent : 13140 items, 274.4 metres Abstract These archives consist of the papers of the counts, later princes, of EastFriesland. They contain the records of the house of Cirksena and of most departments of the Eastfriesian central administration (until 1744), in particular those of the chancellery, the secret council and the treasury. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1558–1740 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Low German

Relevant material can be found in various sections: A. PRINCELY FAMILY This section contains documents concerning the history of the princely family, including diaries, congratulations and condolences, and private and ofcial correspondence of the members of the princely family illustrating their relations with other noble and royal houses of Europe, including reports and letters from ambassadors and residents, for example in Brandenburg, the Netherlands (The Hague and Amsterdam), Denmark, etc., 1558–1733. •

•

A.1.a. nos. 22a–b: Documents concerning the birth of Princess Elisabeth Sophie Magdalene Caroline Wilhelmine, including congratulations from the dynasties of Poland, Sweden, Denmark, Prussia, etc., 1740. A.1.e. no. 9: Documents regarding the marriage of Edzard II with Catharine of Sweden, including correspondence and diaries, 1558–1561.

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•

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A.1.e. nos. 35, 36: Documents concerning the marriage of Princess Juliane Louise of East-Friesland with Duke Joachim Friedrich of Schleswig and Holstein, 1721–1733. A.1.i. no. 43: Documents regarding the journey of Princess Juliane Sophie with the Russian hereditary princess from Brunswick to Moscow, 1711.

B.1. NATIONAL INTERESTS – FOREIGN AFFAIRS This section contains documents concerning political and diplomatic relations, among others with Denmark, the Netherlands and Sweden, but also concerning trade and shipping. •

B.1.f. (in general): Documents concerning foreign affairs, including relations with: Brandenburg, 1555–1746 (97 items, with 5 folders on the Brandenburg African Trading Company, 1683–1725); Denmark, 1619–1740 (44 items); the Netherlands, 1512–1748 (81 items); Lübeck, 1684–1706 (2 items); Poland, 1591–1699 (3 items); and Sweden, 1559–1730 (14 items). Of particular relevance are: * No. 804: Documents regarding the abolition of the hundredth penny toll on Eastfriesian ships at the Danish toll ofces, 1565. * No. 819: Correspondence of the princely court in Aurich with Denmark concerning the reduction of the toll in the Sound for Emden ships, 1668. * No. 933: Documents concerning a Norden ship chartered by Gdansk (Danzig) traders, which was captured by an English privateer, 1665. * No. 1586: Petition by Countess Anna and Counts Edzard and Johann of East-Friesland to the Swedish government to punish the pirate Thomas Luchtemaker, 1565.

B.2. NATIONAL INTERESTS – INTERNAL AFFAIRS This section includes documents concerning matters of shipwrecks and shipping. •

•

B.2.h. nos. 1–875: Reports on shipwrecks, otsam and jetsam, including around 241 shipwrecks with descriptions of their origin and cargo, 1559–1739. B.2.i. no. 1b: Documents regarding the capture of a ship of Antwerp traders by pirates, which was en route from Norway or Russia and was brought to Emden, 1572.

406 •

• •

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B.2.i. no. 5: Letter by Count Enno III to the King of Denmark, trying to induce him to continue levying toll in the Sound on ships from the rebellious town of Emden, 1589. B.2.i. no. 25: Documents regarding the capture by an Emden convoy ship of a vessel of a merchant adventurer off the island of Juist, 1673. B.2.i. no. 39: Sea-letters, including nine for Denmark, one for Gdansk, and four for the “East”, 1605–1695 (21 items).

B.4. NATIONAL INTERESTS – SHIPPING MATTERS OF THE TOWN OF NORDEN •

B.4.i. no. 274: Documents concerning the capture of a Norden ship en route from Amsterdam to Gdansk by the Swedish, 1658–1660.

Accessibility Inventory (in German) (1953); also available online at: www.aidaonline. niedersachsen.de. Record creator / provenance In the Holy Roman Empire, East-Friesland had been practically independent for centuries. A formal central government had not been in existence until 1464, when the territory was declared a county. This county included all of East-Friesland except for the region of Harlingerland, which was a ef of Guelders, until it fell to the counts of East-Friesland in 1600. The ruling house of Cirksena was raised to the rank of princes of the Empire in 1654. Since 1561 their residence had been at Aurich. When the dynasty died out in 1744, East-Friesland was claimed by Prussia. Custodial history This collection constituted the rst record group of the Aurich State Archives when it was founded in 1872. Massive destructions in 1803 and 1851 have caused large gaps, after it had already suffered losses in 1609, when the palace in Aurich was pillaged by soldiers from the town of Emden. Related materials •

Eastfriesian Assembly (reference code: Dep. 1).

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Publications •

•

•

Deeters, Walter, “Urkunden und Aktenvernichtung in Ostfriesland”, in: Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst und vaterländische Altertümer, 72 (1992), pp. 5–18. Jhering, Martin, Hoeben in Ostfriesland (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen, 223) (Hannover, 2005). Schreiber, Gretje (ed.), Ostfriesische Beamtenschaft. Die Amtsträger der landesherrlichen, landesständischen und städtischen Verwaltungen der Grafschaft bzw. des Fürstentums Ostfriesland von 1464 bis 1744, 5 Vols. (Ostfriesische Familienkunde, Beiträge zur Genealogie und Heraldik, 17) (Aurich, 2007).

Prussian Chamber of War and Demesnes Record group Prussian Chamber of War and Demesnes Preußische Kriegs- und Domänenkammer Reference code : Rep. 6 Period : 1744–1808 Extent : 5678 items, 112.8 metres Abstract This record group reects the activities of the Prussian Chamber of War and Demesnes in East-Friesland, which was instituted when Prussia took control of the principality in 1744. Material includes documents concerning nances and the day-to-day running of affairs. The word “war” in the title of the chamber did not mean much, as conscription could be paid off in cash in East-Friesland, and military matters do therefore not gure prominently in the collection. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1749–1808 : Germany, Latvia, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Low German

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Prussia furthered the drainage and cultivation of the large Eastfriesian moors through peat cutting, as well as the improvement of the Eastfriesian harbours to increase trade. This led to contacts with the countries surrounding the Baltic Sea, which are represented in some items in the sub-groups on cultivation of the land, trade and commerce, and shipping and shipwrecks: • •

•

• •

•

4188: Documents concerning the export of Eastfriesian bricks and tiles to Eastern Prussia, 1784 and 1799. 4297–4322: Documents regarding tolls and staple rights in the port of Emden (26 folders). Including: * 4298, volume 2: Shipping lists, including ports of origin and destination, and cargo lists, 1749–1750. * 4308: Annual lists of goods entering and leaving the free trade (transit trade) port of Emden, with details on ports of origin and destination (including Gdansk (Danzig), Riga and ports in Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Poland), 1752–1790. * 4317: Lists of regional goods imported and exported by sea from Emden and Leer, 1790. 4474: Documents regarding investigations concerning the running aground of a ship of the Asian Trading Company near Borkum on its way back from Canton (China) due to the absence of a pilot, 1755. 4493: Documents concerning conscations of Swedish ships, 1799 and 1808. 4499: Documents regarding complaints by Prussian consuls against Eastfriesian skippers for failing to pay consular fees, including lists of ships passing through the Sound (to Helsingør and Memel (Klaipeda)), 1783–1806. 5116: Documents concerning the 5 per cent toll due on the timber bought in Memel by the dike-construction board of the lower-course Ems (Niederemsische Deichacht), 1790.

Accessibility Inventory (in German) (1983). Record creator / provenance The Chamber of War and Demesnes took over the tasks of the princely Eastfriesian Treasury (Oberrentkammer). These comprised performing all transactions concerning public nances, as well as policing everyday life. Due to the specic administrative structures in East-Friesland, the Chamber

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of War and Demesnes in Aurich did not perform as many scal and military tasks as the corresponding chambers in other Prussian provinces. After the invasion by the Dutch in autumn 1806, the Chamber continued to function as the Eastfriesian Chamber of War and Demesnes until its dissolution in May 1808. Custodial history The record group suffered from massive destruction of les in 1803 and 1852, which caused large gaps. These can only be lled for the second half of the eighteenth century by reciprocal les in Berlin (see under “Related materials”). Especially regrettable is the loss of the presidential records, which consisted of the direct correspondence of the president of the Chamber of War and Demesnes with the sovereign. Related materials • •

(Old) Prussian Administration in East-Friesland (reference code: Rep. 5). Secret Central Archives—Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation, Berlin: General Directorate—East-Friesland.

Publications •

•

• •

Deeters, Walter, Findbuch zum Bestand Preußische Kriegs- und Domänenkammer, Rep. 6 (Veröffentlichungen der Niedersächsischen Archivverwaltung; Inventare und kleinere Schriften des Staatsarchivs in Aurich, 7) (Göttingen, 1983). Deeters, Walter, “Urkunden und Aktenvernichtung in Ostfriesland”, in: Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst und vaterländische Altertümer, 72 (1992), pp. 5–18. Kaufhold, Karl-Heinrich, and Uwe Wallbaum (eds.), Historische Statistik der preußischen Provinz Ostfriesland 1744–1806 (Aurich, 1998). Müller, Annemarie, “Emdens Seeschiffahrt und Seehandel von der Besitzergreifung Ostfrieslands durch Preußen bis zur Eröffnung des Dortmund-Ems-Kanals 1744–1899”, in: Hansische Geschichtsblätter, 55/56 (Lübeck, 1930/1931).

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Supreme Court of the Reich Record group Supreme Court of the Reich Reichskammergericht Reference code : Rep. 101 Period : 1507–1775 Extent : 1353 items, 41 metres Abstract This record group consists of the records of the Supreme Court of the Reich (Reichskammergericht) relating to East-Friesland, in particular of appeals up to 1750. In that year the Prussian ban to le appeals to the Supreme Court of the Reich came into force in East-Friesland. Excluded are any records concerning the region of Harlingerland, which makes up the north-eastern part of East-Friesland and used to be a ef of Guelders, because it was not subject to the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of the Reich. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1520–1606 : Germany, Poland, various countries : High German, Latin

Relevant with regard to Baltic Sea trade are a few items: •

•

•

4: Documents regarding a campaign by the burgomaster and council of the town of Lübeck against Hero Omken of Dornum, lord of Esens and Wittmund, for capturing two Lübeck ships, 1520–1521. 96, 97: Documents concerning a campaign by some Emden merchants against the owners of the ship of Johann Rover for refusing to pay back 450 taler, which Rover had borrowed in their name at Gdansk (Danzig) by bottomry, 1578–1588. 429, 430: Documents regarding an investigation by the chancellery in Aurich on behalf of Emperor Rudolf II against the town of Emden for granting residence permits to a legation from Persia and to Merchant Adventurers from London, and the appeal by the town of Emden against this, 1600–1601, 1601–1606.

Accessibility Inventory (in German) (1993).

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Record creator / provenance The Supreme Court of the Reich (Reichskammergericht) was established in 1495 and dissolved in 1806. Custodial history After the dissolution of the Supreme Court of the Reich in 1806, in the mid-nineteenth century its les were distributed among the German states they related to. The papers relating to East-Friesland were originally handed over to the kingdom of Hannover, where they were stored at the Supreme Appeals Court in Celle. After the occupation of Hannover by Prussia in 1866, the Hannover les were distributed among the archives in Aurich, Hannover and Osnabrück. Publications •

Walter Deeters, Findbuch zum Bestand Reichskammergericht und Reichshofrat (Veröffentlichungen der Niedersächsischen Archivverwaltung; Inventare und kleinere Schriften des Staatsarchivs in Aurich, 15, 16) (Göttingen 1993).

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SECRET CENTRAL ARCHIVES PRUSSIAN CULTURAL HERITAGE FOUNDATION Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz Berlin www.gsta.spk-berlin.de

Cabinet Archives Record group Cabinet Archives Archivkabinett Reference code Period Extent

: I. HA Rep. 131 Archivkabinett : 15th century–1942 : 42 metres

Abstract This record group has evolved from the secret les of the Electors of Brandenburg-Prussia and includes documents relating to foreign affairs. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1511–1676 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden : High German, Latin, Low German

Relevant is item no. 1Dc, which concerns Danish affairs in the period 1511–1676. Accessibility Inventory (in German), 2 vols. (19th century). Custodial history This record group has evolved from the Registratura in publicis (“cabinet in most secret state affairs”), which in the seventeenth century was admin-

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istered by the chamber secretaries. In this secret register were deposited mainly private papers, court les, personal correspondence of the Electors and their relatives, as well as important documents relating to foreign affairs and international treaties. In 1710, the register of charters was added to the materials. After the creation in 1849 of the Brandenburg-Prussian House archives (BPH), the bulk of the charters and the les was transferred there. The remaining les were listed anew in the years following 1853, which led to further transfers to other record groups (GR, I. HA, Rep. 11, “Foreign affairs”; and X. HA Brandenburg, Rep. 21, “Towns, local councils and district of Kurmark”). Copies The entire record group has been put on microlm. Related materials • • •

II. HA, Generaldirektorium, Rep. 11, “Foreign affairs”. Brandenburg-Prussian House archives (BPH). X. HA, Brandenburg, Rep. 21, “Towns, local councils and district of Kurmark”.

Publications •

•

Kloosterhuis, Jürgen, “Die Tektonik des Geheimen Staatsarchivs Preußischer Kulturbesitz”, in: Archivarbeit für Preußen (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Arbeitsberichte, 2) (Berlin, 2000), pp. 71–257 (particularly pp. 93 ff .). Weiser, Johanna, Geschichte der Preußischen Archivverwaltung und ihrer Leiter. Von den Anfängen unter Staatskanzler Hardenberg bis zur Auösung im Jahre 1945 (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preussischer Kulturbesitz, 7) (Cologne, Weimar, Vienna, 2000).

Ducal Chancellery, Foreign Relations Record group Ducal Chancellery, Foreign Relations Herzogliche Kanzlei, Auswärtige Beziehungen Reference code : XX. HA Hist. StA Königsberg, Ostpr. Fol. 1–115a Period : 1524–1628 Extent : 116 units, 9.2 metres

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Abstract This collection consists of the documents concerning foreign affairs of the Prussian ducal chancellery. The material is part of the so-called East Prussian folios, which belong to the Prussian ducal registers. The systematic organisation follows the classication system developed in 1527–1529. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1525–1628 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, French, High German, Latin, Low German, Polish, Russian, Swedish

Relevant items include the following: •

• • • • • •

37–38: Missives to the kings of Denmark and Sweden and other rulers, including Duchess Dorothea, as well as high-ranking people and citizens, 1538–1571. 39–41: Correspondence and les on matters of Margrave Wilhelm of Livonia and Courland, 1533–1600. 42–47: German missives to the King and realm of Poland, including Lithuania and Samaiten, 1526–1597. 48–61: Missives in Latin, mostly sent to Poland, 1525–1628. 62–77: Missives to people in Royal Prussia (West Prussia and Ermeland), 1526–1600. 87–89: Representation of Livonia at diets (1540 ff.) of the Hanse (Hansetage), 1540–1592. 90–115a: Papers concerning the representation at and proceedings of the annual assemblies of the Polish Kingdom and the Diet of West Prussia, as well as papers relating to other countries, 1525–1609.

Accessibility General inventory (in German) (19th century); two specic inventories. Record creator / provenance The Ducal Chancellery developed from the chancellery of the High Master of the Teutonic Order, which after the secularisation of the Order in 1525 was continued with the same staff and organisation under the new Duchy of Prussia.

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Custodial history When in 1525 the Teutonic Order was transformed into the secular Duchy of Prussia, the Order’s registers were initially continued. The classication system developed by Friedrich Fischer between 1527 and 1529 proposed a chronological sorting by year for all les, registers and registrants (folios), which was applied to large parts of the already existing written records. For the current register, Fischer developed a system of sorting the records by principle of pertinence. In some cases (Burggraf, council, duchess) Fischer followed the principle of agency provenance. His classication system remained in use basically until the nineteenth century. Since then, the materials shared the fate of the other records of the Königsberg State Archives. Copies The record group has been completely microlmed. Related materials • • • • •

Letter Archives of the Teutonic Order (reference code: OBA). Folios of the Teutonic Order (reference code: OF). Ducal Letter archives (reference code: HBA). Ofce of the High Council (Oberratsstube). Prussian Government.

Publications •

•

•

• •

Akta Stanów Prus królewskich, ed. Marian Biskup and Irena JanuszBiskupowa, Vol. 8 (1520–1526 ) (Towarzystwo naukowe w Toruniu. Fontes, 77) (Torun 1993). Protokoly sejmiku generalnego Prus królewskich, ed. Marian Biskup, Bogusđaw Dyba and Janusz Tandecki, Vol. 1 (1526–polowa 1528) (Towarzystwo naukowe w Toruniu. Fontes, 89) (Torun, 2001). Protokoly sejmiku generalnego Prus królewskich, ed. Marian Biskup, Bogusđaw Dyba and Janusz Tandecki, Vol. 2 (lipiec 1528–pazdziernik 1530) (Towarzystwo naukowe w Toruniu. Fontes, 95) (Torun, 2005). Die Recesse und andere Akten der Hansetage, 3rd section, Vols. 1–9, ed. Dietrich Schäfer with Friedrich Techen (Munich, Leipzig, 1883–1913). Forstreuter, Kurt, Das Preußische Staatsarchiv Königsberg. Ein geschichtlicher Überblick mit einer Übersicht über seine Bestände (Veröffentlichungen der Niedersächsischen Archivverwaltung, 3) (Göttingen, 1955).

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Gundermann, Iselin, Herzogin Dorothea von Preußen 1504–1547 (Studien zur Geschichte Preußens, 9) (Cologne, Berlin, 1965). Hartmann, Stefan, “Die preußische Herrschaft Serrey in Litauen”, in: Felder und Vorfelder russischer Geschichte. Studien zu Ehren von Peter Scheibert, ed. Inge Auerbach et al. (Freiburg, 1985), pp. 76–93. Hartmann, Stefan, “Die preußisch-litauischen Beziehungen vom 17. bis zum 19. Jahrhundert. Quellenlage und Forschungsstand”, in: Deutschland und Litauen, ed. Norbert Angermann and Manfred Tauber (Lüneburg, 1995), pp. 55–65. Kloosterhuis, Jürgen, “Die Tektonik des Geheimen Staatsarchivs Preußischer Kulturbesitz”, in: Archivarbeit für Preußen (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Arbeitsberichte, 2) (Berlin, 2000), pp. 71–257 (in particular p. 177).

Ducal Letter Archives Record group Ducal Letter Archives Herzogliches Briefarchiv Reference code : XX. HA Hist. StA Königsberg, HBA Period : 1525–1700 Extent : 75,000 units, 118 metres Abstract This record group contains the correspondence of the Dukes of Prussia, in particular with various European dynasties, towns, citizens, members of the nobility and universities. The correspondence was sorted and stored in boxes per department in the nineteenth century according to the principle of pertinence. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1525–1700 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : French, High German, Latin, Low German, Polish

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Relevant are the following sections: • • • • • • • • • •

Dept. A 1: Correspondence with the Emperor, Imperial House and German Reich, Imperial hereditary lands and the Netherlands. Dept. B: Correspondence with Poland. Dept. C: Correspondence with West Prussia. Dept. D: Correspondence with Courland and Livonia. Dept. E: Correspondence with Russia, Wallachia and Turkey. Dept. F: Correspondence with Denmark (including Schleswig-Holstein), Sweden and Norway. Dept. G: Correspondence with western and southern Europe. Dept. H: Correspondence with envoys and embassies. Dept. I 2: Correspondence on clerical matters and with scholars and the University of Königsberg. Dept. I 3: Sundries and correspondence on Hanseatic matters of Königsberg.

Accessibility Summary in: Kurt Forstreuter, Das Preußische Staatsarchiv Königsberg. Ein geschichtlicher Überblick mit einer Übersicht über seine Bestände (Veröffentlichungen der Niedersächsischen Archivverwaltung, 3) (Göttingen 1955). In addition, there are 16 specic inventories, dating from the nineteenth century. Record creator / provenance The records derive from the chancellery of the High Master of the Teutonic Order, which after the Order’s secularisation in 1525 was continued with the same staff and organisation under the new Duchy of Prussia. Custodial history As part of the Ducal chancellery archives, the Ducal Letter Archives were stored in the Königsberg Castle until the erection of the Dahlem archival facility in 1930. The major part of the Königsberg archives was relocated to the Grasleben salt mines in 1944 for safety reasons (see also the Teutonic Order Letter Archives, OBA). Copies The record group has been entirely microlmed.

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Related materials • • • • • •

East Prussian Folios (Ostpr. Fol.). Teutonic Order Letter Archives (OBA). Teutonic Order Folios (OF). Ofce of the High Council (Oberratsstube) Prussian Government. East Prussian Ministry of State (EM).

Publications •

•

•

•

•

•

Akta Stanów Prus królewskich, ed. Marian Biskup and Irena JanuszBiskupowa, Vol. 8: 1520–1526 (Towarzystwo naukowe w Toruniu, 77) (Torun, 1993). Heckmann, Dieter, “Die Beziehungen der preußischen Herzöge zu westund südeuropäischen Herrschern: Formale und inhaltliche Ergebnisse der Erschießung der Abteilung G des Herzoglichen Briefarchivs”, in: Archivarbeit für Preußen (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulurbesitz, Arbeitsberichte 2) (Berlin, 2000), pp. 407–417. Kloosterhuis, Jürgen, “Die Tektonik des Geheimen Staatsarchivs Preußischer Kulturbesitz”, in: Archivarbeit für Preußen (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Arbeitsberichte 2) (Berlin, 2000), pp. 71–257, viz. pp. 176–181. Protokoly sejmiku generalnego Prus królewskich, ed. Marian Biskup, Bogusđaw Dyba and Janusz Tandecki, Vol. 1: 1526–polowa 1528 (Towarzystwo naukowe w Toruniu. Fontes, 89) (Torun, 2001). Protokoly sejmiku generalnego Prus królewskich, ed. Marian Biskup, Bogusđaw Dyba and Janusz Tandecki, Vol. 2: Lipiec 1528–pazdziernik 1530 (Towarzystwo naukowe w Toruniu. Fontes, 95) (Torun, 2005). Virtuelles Preußisches Urkundenbuch (1525 ff.): www1.uni-hamburg. de/Landesforschung/orden.html.

In addition, the following series of source publications: •

•

Herzog Albrecht von Preußen und das Bistum Ermland (1525–1550). Regesten aus dem Herzoglichen Briefarchiv und den Ostpreußischen Folianten, ed. Stefan Hartmann (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, 31) (Cologne, Weimar, Vienna, 1991). Von Königsberg an die Loire. Quellen zur Handelsreise des herzoglichpreußischen Faktors Antoine Maillet nach Frankreich in den Jahren 1562 bis 1564, ed. Dieter Heckmann (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, 33) (Cologne, Weimar, Vienna, 1993).

secret central archives •

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

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Die Herzöge in Preußen und das Bistum Kulm (1525–1691). Regesten aus dem Herzoglichen Briefarchiv und den Ostpreußischen Folianten, ed. Ursula Benninghoven, (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, 35) (Cologne, Weimar, Vienna, 1993). Herzog Albrecht von Preußen und das Bistum Ermland (1550–1568). Regesten aus dem Herzoglichen Briefarchiv und den Ostpreußischen Folianten, ed. Stefan Hartmann (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz; 37) (Cologne, Weimar, Vienna, 1993). Herzog Albrecht von Preußen und das Bistum Ermland (1568–1618). Regesten aus dem Herzoglichen Briefarchiv und den Ostpreußischen Folianten, ed. Stefan Hartmann (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, 39) (Cologne, Weimar, Vienna, 1994). Herzog Albrecht von Preußen und Livland (1525–1534). Regesten aus dem Herzoglichen Briefarchiv und den Ostpreußischen Folianten, ed. Ulrich Müller (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, 41) (Cologne, Weimar, Vienna, 1996). Die Beziehungen der Herzöge in Preußen zu West- und Südeuropa (1525–1688). Regesten aus dem Herzoglichen Briefarchiv und den Ostpreußischen Folianten, ed. Dieter Heckmann (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, 47) (Cologne, Weimar, Vienna, 1999). Herzog Albrecht von Preußen und Livland (1534–1540). Regesten aus dem Herzoglichen Briefarchiv und den Ostpreußischen Folianten, ed. Stefan Hartmann (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, 49) (Cologne, Weimar, Vienna, 1999). Herzog Albrecht von Preußen und Livland (1540–1551). Regesten aus dem Herzoglichen Briefarchiv und den Ostpreußischen Folianten, ed. Stefan Hartmann (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, 49) (Cologne, Weimar, Vienna, 2002). Herzog Albrecht von Preußen und Livland (1551–1557). Regesten aus dem Herzoglichen Briefarchiv und den Ostpreußischen Folianten, ed. Stefan Hartmann (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, 57) (Cologne, Weimar, Vienna, 2005). Herzog Albrecht von Preußen und Livland (1557–1560). Regesten aus dem Herzoglichen Briefarchiv und den Ostpreußischen Folianten, ed. Stefan Hartmann (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, 60) (Cologne, Weimar, Vienna, 2006). Die Beziehungen Herzog Albrechts von Preußen zu Städten, Bürgertum und Adel im westlichen Preußen (1525–1554). Regesten aus dem Herzoglichen Briefarchiv und den Ostpreußischen Folianten, ed. Ursula Benninghoven (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, 48, 1–2) (Cologne, Weimar, Vienna, 2006).

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East Prussian Ministry of State Record group East Prussian Ministry of State Ostpreußisches Etatsministerium Reference code : XX. HA Hist. StA Königsberg, EM Period : 1525–1804 Extent : 120,000 units, 556.6 metres Abstract The archives of the East Prussian Ministry of State are arranged along departmental lines according to topical and topographical references. The description of the departments of EM, including the unsorted les of the Ofce of the High Council (Oberratsstube), was conducted from 1921 until 1988 (with interruptions due to the war). Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1263–1888 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, French, High German, Latin, Low German, Polish, Russian, Swedish

The records of the following departments of the East Prussian Ministry of State may be relevant: • • • • • • • • • •

Dept. 24: Courland, 1554–1795. Dept. 25: Gdansk (Danzig), 1454 / 1529–1795. Dept. 27: Denmark, 1550–1801. Dept. 29: Elblag (Elbing), 1263 / 1550–1798. Dept. 31: Ermeland, 1517 / 1541–1803 / 1888. Dept. 49: Hanseatic towns, 1508 / 1580–1783. Dept. 52.1: Holland (the Netherlands), 1542–1800. Depts. 64–66: Prussia as Royal Polish ef, 1540–1782. Dept. 74: Königsberg, commercial and legal matters, 1519 / 1528– 1782. Depts. 90, 124: Livonia and Riga, 1540–1803.

secret central archives • • • • •

Dept. Dept. Dept. Dept. Dept.

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91: Lithuania, 1554–1803. 97: Moscow, 1560–1803. 127: Shipping matters, 1503 / 1526–1803. 129: Sweden, 1564–1801. 131: Demesnes of Serrey and Tauroggen, 1534 / 1601–1803.

Accessibility Summary inventory (in German) concerning the archives of the Ministry of State in general (1955); specic inventories for each department. Record creator / provenance From 1781 onwards, the records have derived from the Chancellery of the (East) Prussian government, which goes back to the Registry of the Ofce of the High Council (Oberratsstube) of the Dukes of Prussia (since 1525). The Ministry was dissolved in 1804. See also under “Custodial history”. Custodial history The archives of the (East) Prussian government were sorted along departmental lines from 1718 to 1743. This arrangement remains the basic sorting principle for the archives of the East Prussian Ministry of State today. During the siege of Küstrin in 1758, the majority of the Königsberg chamber les, which had been relocated there, was consumed by re, including the governmental correspondence, while most les of the Gumbinnen chamber fell victim to a re in the administrative building in 1821. When after the re-unication with West Prussia in 1772 administrative borders were redrawn, the les of the Marienwerder, Deutsch Eylau and Riesenburg districts were transferred to Marienwerder, where they were subsequently lost. The same administrative re-organisation added to the East Prussian Ministry of State the departments for Ermeland and Prussia as a royal Polish ef, which were later completed by transfers from Sweden in 1801 and 1802. The dissolution of the Ministry as an administrative authority on June 21st, 1804 meant the end of one of the last relics of the old Duchy of Prussia, while its les were transferred to the Königsberg archives, where they were retained as a separate record group however. Since then the archives have shared the history of other Königsberg archives (such as the East Prussian Folios, the Teutonic Order Letter Archives and the Ducal Letter Archives). Copies The record group has been completely microlmed.

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Related materials • • • • •

East Prussian Folios (Ostpr. Fol.). Teutonic Order Letter Archives (OBA). Ducal Letter Archives (HBA). Ofce of the High Council (Oberratsstube). Prussian government.

Publications •

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Akta Stanów Prus królewskich, ed. Marian Biskup and Irena JanuszBiskupowa, Vol. 8: 1520–1526 (Towarzystwo naukowe w Toruniu, 77) (Torun, 1993). Forstreuter, Kurt, Das Preußische Staatsarchiv Königsberg. Ein geschichtlicher Überblick mit einer Übersicht über seine Bestände (Veröffentlichungen der Niedersächsischen Archivverwaltung, 3) (Göttingen, 1955). Hartmann, Stefan, “Die preußisch-litauischen Beziehungen vom 17. bis zum 19. Jahrhundert. Quellenlage und Forschungsstand”, in: Deutschland und Litauen, ed. Norbert Angermann and Manfred Tauber (Lüneburg, 1995), pp. 55–65. Hartmann, Stefan, “Die preußische Herrschaft Serrey in Litauen”, in: Felder und Vorfelder russischer Geschichte. Studien zu Ehren von Peter Scheibert, ed. Inge Auerbach et al. (Freiburg, 1985), pp. 76–93. Kloosterhuis, Jürgen, “Die Tektonik des Geheimen Staatsarchivs Preußischer Kulturbesitz”, in: Archivarbeit für Preußen (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Arbeitsberichte 2) (Berlin, 2000), pp. 71–257, viz. p. 177. Protokoly sejmiku generalnego Prus królewskich, ed. Marian Biskup, Bogusđaw Dyba and Janusz Tandecki, Vol. 1: 1526–polowa 1528 (Towarzystwo naukowe w Toruniu. Fontes, 89) (Torun, 2001). Protokoly sejmiku generalnego Prus królewskich, ed. Marian Biskup, Bogusđaw Dyba and Janusz Tandecki, Vol. 2: Lipiec 1528–pazdziernik 1530 (Towarzystwo naukowe w Toruniu. Fontes, 95) (Torun, 2005). Die Recesse und andere Akten der Hansetage, 3rd Part, Vols. 1–9, ed. Dietrich Schäfer and Friedrich Techen (Munich, Leipzig, 1883–1913).

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General Directorate, Demesnes of Serrey and Tauroggen Record group General Directorate, Demesnes of Serrey and Tauroggen Generaldirektorium, Serrey und Tauroggen Reference code : II. HA Generaldirektorium, Abt. 8 Period : 1693–1806 Extent : 2.5 metres Abstract The record group is part of the records of the Prussian “General High Directorate for Finances, War and Demesnes” (created in 1722), supplemented with les from preceding agencies. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1693–1806 : Germany, Lithuania, Poland, various countries : High German, Latin, Polish

The materials concern the administration of the demesnes of Serrey and Tauroggen in Lithuania. Accessibility Inventory (in German) (eighteenth-nineteenth centuries). Record creator / provenance Created in 1722 by the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm I as a central agency, the General Directorate saw its golden age under Frederick the Great (1740–1782). On the establishment of the administration by ministries, the agency was dissolved in 1808. Custodial history The “General High Directorate for Finances, War and Demesnes” (in short: General Directorate), was created towards the end of 1722 as a central agency mainly for the administration of matters of nances, demesnes and war. The General Directorate was chiey organised along provincial and

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departmental lines. Under the Prussian King Frederick the Great it was enlarged by the creation of two new departments. The Stein-Hardenberg reforms of the early nineteenth century dissolved the agency in favour of the newly created ministries. Closed records were then transferred to the Ministerial Archives (since 1808), which in turn were joined to the “Repository Archives” (Secret Archives) in 1874. Copies The record group has been microlmed completely. Related materials •

II. HA Generaldirektorium, Dept. 7 and Dept. 9.

Publications •

•

•

•

Hartmann, Stefan, “Die preußische Herrschaft Serrey in Litauen”, in: Felder und Vorfelder russischer Geschichte. Studien zu Ehren von Peter Scheibert, ed. Inge Auerbach et al. (Freiburg, 1985), pp. 76–93. Hartmann, Stefan, “Die preußisch-litauischen Beziehungen vom 17. bis zum 19. Jahrhundert. Quellenlage und Forschungsstand”, in: Deutschland und Litauen, ed. Norbert Angermann and Manfred Tauber (Lüneburg, 1995), pp. 55–65. Kloosterhuis, Jürgen, “Die Tektonik des Geheimen Staatsarchivs Preußischer Kulturbesitz”, in: Archivarbeit für Preußen (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Arbeitsberichte 2) (Berlin, 2000), pp. 71–257, viz. pp. 95 ff. Kohnke, Meta, “Quellen zur Geschichte der Juden in den Archiven der neuen Bundesländer”, ed. Ste Jersch-Wenzel and Reinhard Rürup, Vol. 2, Geheimes Staatsarchiv, Part I (Munich, 1999), p. 427 and p. 473.

General Directorate, East Prussia and Lithuania Record group General Directorate, East Prussia and Lithuania Generaldirektorium, Ostpreußen und Litthauen Reference code : II. HA Generaldirektorium, Abt. 7 Period : (1539–) 1644–1814 Extent : 323 metres

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Abstract The record group is part of the records of the Prussian “General High Directorate for Finances, War and Demesnes” (created in 1722), supplied with les from preceding agencies. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1722–1793 : Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, various countries : High German, Polish

Relevant materials concern trading matters of the town of Königsberg (1722–1793) and shipbuilding (eighteenth century). Accessibility 14 inventories (in German) (eighteenth-nineteenth centuries). Record creator / provenance Created in 1722 by the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm I as a central agency, the General Directorate saw its golden age under Frederick the Great (1740–1782). On the establishment of the administration by ministries, the agency was dissolved in 1808. Custodial history The “General High Directorate for Finances, War and Demesnes” (in short: General Directorate), was created towards the end of 1722 as a central agency mainly for the administration of matters of nances, demesnes and war. The General Directorate was chiey organised along provincial and departmental lines. Under the Prussian King Frederick the Great it was enlarged by the creation of two new departments. The Stein-Hardenberg reforms of the early nineteenth century dissolved the agency in favour of the newly created ministries. Closed records were then transferred to the Ministerial Archives (since 1808), which in turn were joined to the “Repository Archives” (Secret Archives) in 1874. Copies The record group has been microlmed completely.

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Related materials •

II. HA Generaldirektorium, Dept. 8 and Dept. 9.

Publications •

•

Kloosterhuis, Jürgen, “Die Tektonik des Geheimen Staatsarchivs Preußischer Kulturbesitz”, in: Archivarbeit für Preußen (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Arbeitsberichte 2) (Berlin, 2000), pp. 71–257, viz. p. 95 ff. Kohnke, Meta, “Quellen zur Geschichte der Juden in den Archiven der neuen Bundesländer”, ed. Ste Jersch-Wenzel and Reinhard Rürup, Vol. 2, Geheimes Staatsarchiv, Part I (Munich, 1999), p. 427 and p. 3650 ff.

General Directorate, West Prussia and Netze District Record group General Directorate, West Prussia and Netze District Generaldirektorium, Westpreußen und Netzedistrikt Reference code : II. HA Generaldirektorium, Abt. 9 Period : 1699–1816 Extent : 179 metres Abstract The record group is part of the records of the Prussian “General High Directorate for Finances, War and Demesnes” (created in 1722), supplied with les from preceding agencies. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1699–1816 : Germany, Poland, various countries : High German, Polish

Relevant materials concern the administration of commerce and the textile trade in the eighteenth century.

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Accessibility 10 inventories (in German) (eighteenth-nineteenth centuries); 2 special inventories. Record creator / provenance Created in 1722 by the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm I as a central agency, the General Directorate saw its golden age under Frederick the Great (1740–1782). On the establishment of the administration by ministries, the agency was dissolved in 1808. Custodial history The “General High Directorate for Finances, War and Demesnes” (in short: General Directorate), was created towards the end of 1722 as a central agency mainly for the administration of matters of nances, demesnes and war. The General Directorate was chiey organised along provincial and departmental lines. Under the Prussian King Frederick the Great it was enlarged by the creation of two new departments. The Stein-Hardenberg reforms of the early nineteenth century dissolved the agency in favour of the newly created ministries. Closed records were then transferred to the Ministerial Archives (since 1808), which in turn were joined to the “Repository Archives” (Secret Archives) in 1874. Copies The record group has been microlmed completely. Related materials •

II. HA Generaldirektorium, Dept. 7 and Dept. 8.

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Kloosterhuis, Jürgen, “Die Tektonik des Geheimen Staatsarchivs Preußischer Kulturbesitz”, in: Archivarbeit für Preußen (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Arbeitsberichte 2) (Berlin, 2000), pp. 71–257, viz. p. 95 ff. Kohnke, Meta, “Quellen zur Geschichte der Juden in den Archiven der neuen Bundesländer”, ed. Ste Jersch-Wenzel and Reinhard Rürup, Vol. 2, Geheimes Staatsarchiv, Part I (Munich, 1999), p. 427 and p. 473 ff.

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Historical State Archives of Königsberg Record group Historical State Archives of Königsberg Historisches Staatsarchiv Königsberg Reference code : XX. HA Hist. StA Königsberg, Hs. Nr. 92 Period : 1469–1501 Extent : 2 les Abstract This collection consists of typewritten summaries of Tallinn (Reval) town charters. It does not particularly concern Königsberg (Kaliningrad) (see under “Custodial history”). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1469–1501 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : High German, Low German

The summaries concern Tallinn’s trading partners in the Hanseatic League, particularly those bordering on the Baltic Sea. Accessibility Two inventories (in German) (20th century). Custodial history The collection has been compiled between 1953 and 1979, when the Tallinn (Reval) Town Archives were being kept at the Governmental Archives Repository (Staatliches Archivlager) in Göttingen. The materials had earlier been kept at the castle in Königsberg together with many other records, hence the name of the record group. Copies The record group has been microlmed completely.

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Revaler Urkunden und Briefe von 1273 bis 1510, ed. Dieter Heckmann (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, 25) (Cologne, Weimar, Vienna, 1995). Seeberg-Elverfeldt, Roland, Revaler Regesten, Vols. 1–3 (Veröffentlichungen der Niedersächsischen Archivverwaltung 22, 26, 35) (Göttingen, 1966–1975).

Other remarks The summaries form part of the preliminary studies conducted in order to ll in the gaps in the Liv-, Est- und Kurländisches Urkundenbuch (1472–1493) and, at the same time, to complement the Hansische Urkundenbuch and the Hanserezesse.

Secret Council, Foreign Relations Record group Secret Council, Foreign Relations Geheimer Rat, Auswärtige Beziehungen Reference code : I. HA Geh. Rat, Rep. 11 Auswärtige Beziehungen Period : 1416–1808 Extent : 193 metres Abstract This record group forms part of the les of the Secret Council, one of the oldest central authorities of the Brandenburg-Prussian state. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1454–1808 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Russia, Sweden : High German, Latin

Relevant materials concern relations to Livonia, 1542–1733 (item no. 143); Denmark, 1465–1808 (nos. 66–70); the Teutonic Order, 1454–1808 (nos. 268–270); Russia, 1577–1808 (nos. 171–175); and Sweden, 1542–1808 (nos. 241–250).

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Accessibility 22 general inventories (in German) (19th century); in addition one specic inventory. Record creator / provenance The Secret Council, documented since 1603, during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries developed into one of the central authorities of the Brandenburg-Prussian state. After the creation of new central authorities in the eighteenth century, however, it lost much of its importance, particularly under King Friedrich Wilhelm II. Custodial history During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Secret Council developed into one of the central authorities of the Brandenburg-Prussian state. The les of this Council, which since 1598 had been kept in the vault of the Berlin Schloß, were after 1615 organised by Johannes Zernitius and Christoph Schönbeck into record groups, which are still valid today. These were the core les of the Secret Central Archives (an honorary title since 1803), to which, on its dissolution in 1848, were added the records of the Cabinet Archives, which can be traced back to 1686. In 1874 the les of the Ministerial Archives, created in 1808 by inclusion of the archives of the General Directorate (1723–1808), were added to this record group. At the same time the archives were moved from the Schloß into a storehouse in the Klosterstraße. It was not until 1924 that the archives got their own custom-made building in Berlin-Dahlem. For preservation reasons they were moved, including some new acquisitions, to salt mines near Schönebeck and Staßfurt in central Germany in 1943 and 1944, where they were captured by Soviet forces in 1945. After the formation of the German Democratic Republic, the State Administration of Archives had the records installed in the buildings of the former Provincial Insurance Company (Provinzial Versicherungsanstalt) in Merseburg, where they were made accessible to the public. After the German Unication the materials were returned to Berlin (1990), where they have been stored in a branch archival building since. Copies The record group has been microlmed completely.

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Related materials • •

Secret Council, Poland (reference code: GR, Rep. 9). Secret Council, Relations to Towns of the Reich etc. (reference code: GR, Rep. 50).

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Kloosterhuis, Jürgen, “Die Tektonik des Geheimen Staatsarchivs Preußischer Kulturbesitz”, in: Archivarbeit für Preußen (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Arbeitsberichte 2) (Berlin, 2000), pp. 71–257, viz. p. 82 ff. Kohnke, Meta, “Quellen zur Geschichte der Juden in den Archiven der neuen Bundesländer”, ed. Ste Jersch-Wenzel and Reinhard Rürup, Vol. 2, Geheimes Staatsarchiv, Part I (Munich, 1999), pp. 1–3, 391. Weiser, Johanna, Geschichte der Preußischen Archivverwaltung und ihrer Leiter. Von den Anfängen unter Staatskanzler Hardenberg bis zur Auösung im Jahre 1945 (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Beiheft 7) (Cologne, Weimar, Vienna, 2000).

Secret Council, Poland Record group Secret Council, Poland Geheimer Rat, Polen Reference code : I. HA Geh. Rat, Rep. 9 Polen Period : 1454–1808 Extent : 34 metres Abstract This record group forms part of the les of the Secret Council, one of the oldest central authorities of the Brandenburg-Prussian state. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1454–1808 : Denmark, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Latin

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The records focus on Polish foreign policy, with the bulk of the les concerning wars with that country and other nations bordering the Baltic Sea. Furthermore, there is material on Polish trade with Denmark and the Netherlands, on the Polish alliance with the Dutch States-General (StatenGeneraal ) in the period 1654–1660, and on the formation of the Dutch eet on the Baltic Sea around 1655/1656. Accessibility General inventory (in German) (19th century); in addition one specic inventory. Record creator / provenance The Secret Council, documented since 1603, developed during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries into one of the central authorities of the Brandenburg-Prussian state. After the creation of new central authorities in the eighteenth century, it lost much of its importance, particularly under King Friedrich Wilhelm II. Custodial history During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Secret Council developed into one of the central authorities of the Brandenburg-Prussian state. The les of this Council, which were being kept since 1598 in the vault of the Berlin Schloß, were organised after 1615 by Johannes Zernitius and Christoph Schönbeck into record groups, which are still valid today. These were the core les of the Secret Central Archives (honorary title since 1803), to which was added on the dissolution of the Cabinet Archives in 1848 most of that record group, which can be traced back to 1686. In 1874 the les of the Ministerial Archives, created in 1808 by inclusion of the archives of the General Directorate (1723–1808), were added to this record group. At the same time the archives were moved from the Schloß into a storehouse in the Klosterstraße. It was not until 1924 that the archives got their own custom-made building in Berlin-Dahlem. For preservation reasons they were removed, including new acquisitions, in 1943 and 1944 from there to salt mines near Schönebeck and Staßfurt in central Germany, where they were captured by Soviet forces in 1945. After the formation of the German Democratic Republic, the State Administration of Archives had the records installed in the buildings of the former Provincial Insurance Company (Provinzial Versicherungsanstalt) in Merseburg, where they were made accessible to the public. After the German Unication the materials

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were returned to Berlin (1990), where they are being stored in a branch archival building since. Copies The record group has been microlmed completely. Related materials • • •

Secret Council, Relations to Towns of the Reich, etc. (reference code: GR, Rep. 50). Secret Council, Foreign Relations (reference code: GR, Rep. 11). Secret Council, Prussia (reference code: GR, Rep. 7).

Publications •

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Kloosterhuis, Jürgen, “Die Tektonik des Geheimen Staatsarchivs Preußischer Kulturbesitz”, in: Archivarbeit für Preußen (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Arbeitsberichte 2) (Berlin, 2000), pp. 71–257, viz. p. 82 ff. Kohnke, Meta, “Quellen zur Geschichte der Juden in den Archiven der neuen Bundesländer”, ed. Ste Jersch-Wenzel and Reinhard Rürup, Vol. 2, Geheimes Staatsarchiv, Part I (Munich, 1999), pp. 1–3, 391. Weiser, Johanna, Geschichte der Preußischen Archivverwaltung und ihrer Leiter. Von den Anfängen unter Staatskanzler Hardenberg bis zur Auösung im Jahre 1945 (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Beiheft 7) (Cologne, Weimar, Vienna, 2000).

Secret Council, Prussia Record group Secret Council, Prussia Geheimer Rat, Preußen Reference code : I. HA Geh. Rat, Rep. 7 Preußen Period : 1558–1808 Extent : 171 metres Abstract This record group forms part of the les of the Secret Council, one of the oldest central authorities of the Brandenburg-Prussian state.

434

germany

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1586–1797 : Germany, Latvia : High German

Item no. 171 includes papers concerning relations with Riga, 1586–1797. Accessibility Subject index (in German) (19th century). Record creator / provenance The Secret Council, documented since 1603, developed during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries into one of the central authorities of the Brandenburg-Prussian state. After the creation of new central authorities in the eighteenth century, it lost much of its importance, particularly under King Friedrich Wilhelm II. Custodial history During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Secret Council developed into one of the central authorities of the Brandenburg-Prussian state. The les of this Council, which were being kept since 1598 in the vault of the Berlin Schloß, were organised after 1615 by Johannes Zernitius and Christoph Schönbeck into record groups, which are still valid today. These were the core les of the Secret Central Archives (honorary title since 1803), to which was added on the dissolution of the Cabinet Archives in 1848 most of that record group, which can be traced back to 1686. In 1874 the les of the Ministerial Archives, created in 1808 by inclusion of the archives of the General Directorate (1723–1808), were added to this record group. At the same time the archives were moved from the Schloß into a storehouse in the Klosterstraße. It was not until 1924 that the archives got their own custom-made building in Berlin-Dahlem. For preservation reasons they were removed, including new acquisitions, in 1943 and 1944 from there to salt mines near Schönebeck and Staßfurt in central Germany, where they were captured by Soviet forces in 1945. After the formation of the German Democratic Republic, the State Administration of Archives had the records installed in the buildings of the former Provincial Insurance Company (Provinzial Versicherungsanstalt) in Merseburg, where they were made accessible to the public. After the German Unication the materials were returned to Berlin (1990), where they are being stored in a branch archival buidling since.

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Copies The record group has been microlmed completely. Related materials • • •

Secret Council, Relations to Towns of the Reich, etc. (reference code: GR, Rep. 50). Secret Council, Foreign Relations (reference code: GR, Rep. 11). Secret Council, Polen (reference code: GR, Rep. 9).

Publications •

•

•

Kloosterhuis, Jürgen, “Die Tektonik des Geheimen Staatsarchivs Preußischer Kulturbesitz”, in: Archivarbeit für Preußen (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Arbeitsberichte 2) (Berlin, 2000), pp. 71–257, viz. p. 82 ff. Kohnke, Meta, “Quellen zur Geschichte der Juden in den Archiven der neuen Bundesländer”, ed. Ste Jersch-Wenzel and Reinhard Rürup, Vol. 2, Geheimes Staatsarchiv, Part I (Munich, 1999), pp. 1–3, 391. Weiser, Johanna, Geschichte der Preußischen Archivverwaltung und ihrer Leiter. Von den Anfängen unter Staatskanzler Hardenberg bis zur Auösung im Jahre 1945 (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Beiheft 7) (Cologne, Weimar, Vienna, 2000).

Secret Council, Relations to Towns of the Reich, as well as Other Towns outside the Mark of Brandenburg Record group Secret Council, Relations to Towns of the Reich, as well as Other Towns outside the Mark of Brandenburg. Geheimer Rat, Beziehungen zu den Reichsstädten sowie zu anderen Städten außerhalb der Mark. Reference code : I. HA Geh. Rat, Rep. 50 Beziehungen zu den Reichsstädten usw. Period : 1464–1818 Extent : 27 metres

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germany

Abstract This record group forms a part of the les of the Secret Council, one of the oldest central authorities of the Brandenburg-Prussian state. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1466–1808 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Russia, Sweden : High German, Latin

Relevant materials concern relations to the free town of Lübeck, 1466–1808 (item nos. 37a–f ); Tallinn, 1577–1578 (no. 49); and Riga, 1542–1595 (no. 52). Accessibility General inventory (in German) (19th century); in addition one specic inventory. Record creator / provenance The Secret Council, documented since 1603, developed during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries into one of the central authorities of the Brandenburg-Prussian state. After the creation of new central authorities in the eighteenth century, it lost much of its importance, particularly under King Friedrich Wilhelm II. Custodial history During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Secret Council developed into one of the central authorities of the Brandenburg-Prussian state. The les of this Council, which were being kept since 1598 in the vault of the Berlin Schloß, were organised after 1615 by Johannes Zernitius and Christoph Schönbeck into record groups, which are still valid today. These were the core les of the Secret Central Archives (honorary title since 1803), to which was added on the dissolution of the Cabinet Archives in 1848 most of that records group, which can be traced back to 1686. In 1874 the les of the Ministerial Archives, created in 1808 by inclusion of the archives of the General Directorate (1723–1808), were added to this record group. At the same time the archives were moved from the Schloß into a storehouse in the Klosterstraße. It was not until 1924 that the archives got their own custom-made building in Berlin-Dahlem. For preservation reasons they were removed, including new acquisitions, in 1943 and 1944

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from there to salt mines near Schönebeck and Staßfurt in central Germany, where they were captured by Soviet forces in 1945. After the formation of the German Democratic Republic, the State Administration of Archives had the records installed in the buildings of the former Provincial Insurance Company (Provinzial Versicherungsanstalt) in Merseburg, where they were made accessible to the public. After the German Unication the materials were returned to Berlin (1990), where they are being stored in a branch archival building since. Copies The record group has been microlmed completely. Related materials • • •

Secret Council, Poland (reference code: GR, Rep. 9). Secret Council, Foreign Relations (reference code: GR, Rep. 11). Secret Council, Prussia (reference code: GR, Rep. 7).

Publications •

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Kloosterhuis, Jürgen, “Die Tektonik des Geheimen Staatsarchivs Preußischer Kulturbesitz”, in: Archivarbeit für Preußen (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Arbeitsberichte 2) (Berlin, 2000), pp. 71–257, viz. p. 82 ff. Kohnke, Meta, “Quellen zur Geschichte der Juden in den Archiven der neuen Bundesländer”, ed. Ste Jersch-Wenzel and Reinhard Rürup, Vol. 2, Geheimes Staatsarchiv, Part I (Munich, 1999), pp. 1–3, 391. Weiser, Johanna, Geschichte der Preußischen Archivverwaltung und ihrer Leiter. Von den Anfängen unter Staatskanzler Hardenberg bis zur Auösung im Jahre 1945 (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Beiheft 7) (Cologne, Weimar, Vienna, 2000).

Teutonic Order Folios Record group Teutonic Order Folios Ordensfolianten Reference code : XX. HA Hist. StA Königsberg, OF Period : 1245–1525 Extent : 266 units, 12 metres

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Abstract The origins of this collection of departmental registers can be traced back to the rst half of the fourteenth century. The folios of the Teutonic Order are often of a mixed content. They contain records of legal transactions as well as correspondence of the High Masters of the Teutonic Order with the German and Livonian branches of the Order and also with various European dynasties, the Holy See, towns, citizens, members of the nobility, churches and educational institutions. In that sense, this record group contains parallels with and additions to the material in the Teutonic Order Letter Archives (OBA). Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1245–1525 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : French, High German, Latin, Low German

Serving as registration aids, the folios contain copies of incoming and outgoing correspondence of the chancellery of the High Masters, sorted chronologically and topically. Politics and commerce are the most important matters. As a consequence, the folios often concern commercial and diplomatic relations between the Teutonic Order and the regions around the Baltic Sea. Accessibility There are 39 specic inventories. In addition, there are summaries of the individual folios (in German), compiled in 1972. At www1.uni-hamburg.de/Landesforschung/orden.html, the so-called Virtual Prussian Book of Charters can be consulted. Record creator / provenance The basis of the records derives from the chancelleries of the High Masters in Palestine (Starkenburg/Montfort and Acre until 1291), Venice (1291–1309), Marienburg (1309–1457) and Königsberg (1457–1525). Custodial history The Folios of the Teutonic Order are part of the chancellery archives of the High Masters, to which were added the registers of former local

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authorities. Together, they were at rst stored in Marienburg Castle, the High Masters’ seat from 1309 to 1457. In the initial years of the Thirteen Years’ War (1453–1466), the bulk of the documents was relocated to other places (Riesenburg, Königsberg, Osterode, Tapiau), while smaller parts were lost. From 1474 to 1722, the closed parts of the materials were stored in Tapiau Castle, while the current registers were kept in Königsberg, the new seat of the High Masters. The stores in Tapiau Castle contained not only the older registers from before 1457, but also new folios, which were, however, destroyed in a 1506 re. After relocation to Königsberg Castle, however, the two groups of materials remained separate for several decades. It was only in 1862 on orders of Karl Wilhelm von Lancizolle, head of the Prussian Archives Services, that the then remaining 233 Folios of the Teutonic Order were joined to the 1776 East Prussian Folios of the postTeutonic-Order era and stored in a hall in the castle keep. Since then, the record group has shared the fate of the other materials at the Königsberg Archives: the Teutonic Order Letter Archives (OBA) and the Ducal Letter Archives (HBA). Copies The record group has been completely microlmed. Related materials • • • • • •

East Prussian Folios (Ostpr. Fol.). Teutonic Order Letter Archives (OBA). Ducal Letter Archives (HBA). Ofce of the High Council (Oberratsstube). Prussian Government. East Prussian Ministry of State (EM).

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Akta Stanów Prus królewskich, ed. Marian Biskup and Irena JanuszBiskupowa, Vol. 8: 1520–1526 (Towarzystwo naukowe w Toruniu, 77) (Torun, 1993). Akten der Ständetage Preußens unter der Herrschaft des Deutschen Ordens, Vol. 5: 1458–1525, ed. Max Töppen (Leipzig, 1886); reprint (Aalen, 1974). Armgart, Martin, Die Handfesten des preußischen Oberlandes bis 1410 und ihre Aussteller (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, 2) (Cologne, Weimar, Vienna, 1995).

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Forstreuter, Kurt, Das Preußische Staatsarchiv Königsberg. Ein geschichtlicher Überblick mit einer Übersicht über seine Bestände (Veröffentlichungen der Niedersächsischen Archivverwaltung, 3) (Göttingen, 1955). Grieser, Rudolf, “Das älteste Register der Hochmeisterkanzlei des Deutschen Ordens”, in: Mitteilungen des Österreichischen Instituts für Geschichtsforschung, 44 (1930), pp. 417–456. Kancelarie krzyzackie. Stan badan i perspektywy badawcze. Materialy z miedzynarodowej naukowej Malbork 18–19 X 2001 pod, ed. Janusza Trupindy (Malbork, 2002). Kloosterhuis, Jürgen, “Die Tektonik des Geheimen Staatsarchivs Preußischer Kulturbesitz”, in: Archivarbeit für Preußen (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Arbeitsberichte 2) (Berlin, 2000), pp. 71–257, viz. p. 176. Liv-, est- und kurländisches Urkundenbuch, Section 2, Vols. 1–3, ed. Leonid Arbusov [sen.] (Riga, Moscow, 1900–1914); reprint (Aalen, 1981). Die Recesse und andere Akten der Hansetage, Section 3, Vols. 1–9, ed. Dietrich Schäfer and Friedrich Techen (Munich, Leipzig, 1883–1913). Sarnowsky, Jürgen, “Die Quellen zur Geschichte des Deutschen Ordens in Preußen”, in: Edition deutschsprachiger Quellen aus dem Ostseeraum (14.–16. Jahrhundert), ed. Matthias Thumser, Janusz Tandecki and Dieter Heckmann (Torun, 2001), pp. 171–199. Virtual Preußisches Urkundenbuch (1500–1525), available at: www1. uni-hamburg.de/Landesforschung/orden.html.

Teutonic Order Letter Archives Record group Teutonic Order Letter Archives Ordensbriefarchiv Reference code : XX. HA Hist. StA Königsberg, OBA Period : 1400–1525 Extent : 29,000 units, 50 metres Abstract This is the correspondence of the High Masters of the Teutonic Order, in particular with the Order’s German and Livonian branches, the Holy See, and various European dynasties, towns, citizens, members of the nobility,

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churches and educational institutions. The letters were chronologically sorted and stored in boxes by les in the nineteenth century. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1400–1525 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : French, High German, Latin, Low German

As a rule, these are separate les with enclosures, covering the period between 1400 and 1525, which may be searched with the help of the nding aids. They mainly concern political and economic matters. Accessibility The nding aid is published in: Erich Joachim (comp.), Regesta Historico-Diplomatica Ordinis S. Mariae Theutonicorum, 1198–1525, ed. Walther Hubatsch, Part I, Vols. 1–3, Part II, Index to I–II (Göttingen, 1948–1973). In addition, there are 16 specic inventories. A virtual Prussian Book of Charters is available at: www1.uni-hamburg. de/Landesforschung/orden.html. Record creator / provenance The materials derive from the chancelleries of the Teutonic Order’s High Masters in Palestine (Starkenburg / Montfort and Acre until 1291), Venice (1291–1309), Marienburg (1309–1457) and Königsberg (1457–1525). Custodial history The Teutonic Order Letter Archives are part of the chancellery archives of the Order’s High Masters. Together with these archives, the materials were at rst stored in Marienburg castle, the High Masters’ seat from 1309 to 1457. In the initial years of the Thirteen Years’ War (1453–1466), the larger part of the documents was relocated to other places (Riesenburg, Königsberg, Osterode, Tapiau), while smaller parts were lost. From 1474 to 1722 the closed units of the archives were stored in Tapiau castle, while the current registers were kept in Königsberg, the new seat of the High Masters. The stores in Tapiau castle contained not only the older registers from before 1457, but also new folios, which were, however, destroyed in a 1506 re. After relocation to Königsberg castle, both archives still remained separate for several decades.

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The Teutonic Order Letter Archives in their present form result from the sorting activities of Erich Joachim, head of the Königsberg State Archives from 1887 to 1921. Together with other resources the materials were stored in Königsberg castle until the erection of the Dahlem archival facility at Berlin in 1930. The major part of the Königsberg archives was relocated for safety reasons to the Grasleben salt mines in 1944. The British Occupational Administration conscated the documents and had them installed in the Great Hall of the Kaiserpfalz in Goslar under the designation of Zonales Archivlager for the time being. After the creation of the Federal Republic, the British authorities handed the records over to the state of Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), which in turn had them transferred to Göttingen in 1953, where they were made accessible to the public together with the Tallinn town archives, as the so-called “Governmental Archives Repository”. Since the acquisition of the Königsberg Archives by the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation in 1979, the materials have been stored in Berlin-Dahlem, as Main Section (Hauptabteilung) XX. Copies The record group has been microlmed completely. Related materials • • • • • •

East Prussian Folios (Ostpr. Fol.). Ducal Letter Archives (HBA). Teutonic Order Folios (OF). Ofce of the High Council (Oberratsstube). Prussian Government. East Prussian Ministry of State (EM).

Publications •

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•

Akten der Ständetage Preußens unter der Herrschaft des Deutschen Ordens, Vol. 5: 1458–1525, ed. Max Töppen (Leipzig, 1886); reprint (Aalen, 1974). Akta Stanów Prus królewskich, ed. Marian Biskup and Irena JanuszBiskupowa, Vol. 8: 1520–1526 (Towarzystwo naukowe w Toruniu, 77) (Torun, 1993). Forstreuter, Kurt, Das Preußische Staatsarchiv Königsberg. Ein geschichtlicher Überblick mit einer Übersicht über seine Bestände (Veröffentlichungen der Niedersächsischen Archivverwaltung, Vol. 3) (Göttingen, 1955). Kloosterhuis, Jürgen, “Die Tektonik des Geheimen Staatsarchivs Preußischer Kulturbesitz”, in: Archivarbeit für Preußen (Veröffentlichungen aus

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den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Arbeitsberichte 2) (Berlin, 2000), pp. 71–257, viz. p. 176. Liv-, est- und kurländisches Urkundenbuch, Section 2, Vols. 1–3, ed. Leonid Arbusov [sen.] (Riga, Moscow, 1900–1914); reprint (Aalen, 1981). Die Recesse und andere Akten der Hansetage, Section 3, Vols. 1–9, ed. Dietrich Schäfer and Friedrich Techen (Munich, Leipzig, 1883–1913). Sarnowsky, Jürgen, “Die Quellen zur Geschichte des Deutschen Ordens in Preußen”, in: Edition deutschsprachiger Quellen aus dem Ostseeraum (14.–16. Jahrhundert), ed. Matthias Thumser, Janusz Tandecki and Dieter Heckmann (Torun, 2001), pp. 171–199. Virtual Preußisches Urkundenbuch (1500–1525), available at: www1. uni-hamburg.de/Landesforschung/orden.html.

War Chamber Record group War Chamber Kriegskammer Reference code Period Extent

: XX. HA Hist. StA Königsberg, Ostpr. Fol. 800–884 : 1508–1726 : 85 units, 7.5 metres

Abstract This collection consists of the records of the Prussian Chamber of War. These materials are part of the so-called East Prussian folios, which belong to the Prussian ducal registers. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1552–1661 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden : Dutch, High German, Swedish

Relevant papers include the following items: • • •

802: Inventory of the arsenals, 1552–1588. 803f.: Appointments to the border posts and arsenals, 1552–1590. 809–829: War correspondence, 1601–1656.

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823a: Papers concerning the registrar of the Swedish war ofce, 1626– 1627. 830: (Military) draft budgets and muster rolls, 1656. 838–844: (Military) draft budgets and muster rolls, 1657–1661.

Accessibility General inventory (in German) (19th century); one specic inventory. Record creator / provenance The Chamber of War developed from the chancellery of the High Master of the Teutonic Order, which after the secularisation of the Order in 1525 was continued with the same staff and organisation under the new Duchy of Prussia. Custodial history When in 1525 the Teutonic Order was transformed into the secular Duchy of Prussia, the Order’s registers were initially continued. The classication system developed by Friedrich Fischer between 1527 and 1529 proposed a chronological sorting by year for all les, registers and registrants (folios), which was applied to large parts of the already existing written records. For the current register, Fischer developed a system of sorting the records by principle of pertinence. In some cases (Burggraf, council, duchess) Fischer followed the principle of agency provenance. The basis of his classication system remained in use until the nineteenth century. Since then, the materials shared the fate of the other records of the Königsberg State Archives. Copies The record group has been completely microlmed. Related materials • • • •

Ducal Letter Archives (reference code: HBA). Ofce of the High Council (Oberratsstube). East Prussian Ministry of State (reference code: EM). Prussian Government.

Publications •

Von Königsberg an die Loire. Quellen zur Handelsreise des herzoglichpreußischen Faktors Antoine Maillet nach Frankreich in den Jahren 1562

secret central archives

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445

bis 1564 (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, 33), ed. Dieter Heckmann (Cologne, Weimar, Vienna, 1993). Herzog Albrecht von Preußen und das Bistum Ermland (1550–1568). Die Herzöge in Preußen und das Bistum Kulm (1525–1691). Regesten aus dem Herzoglichen Briefarchiv und den Ostpreußischen Folianten (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischen Kulturbesitz, 35), ed. Ursula Benninghoven (Cologne, Weimar, Vienna, 1993). Regesten aus dem Herzoglichen Briefarchiv und den Ostpreußischen Folianten (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, 37), ed Stefan Hartmann (Cologne, Weimar, Vienna, 1993). Herzog Albrecht von Preußen und das Bistum Ermland (1568–1618). Regesten aus dem Herzoglichen Briefarchiv und den Ostpreußischen Folianten (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, 39), ed. Stefan Hartmann (Cologne, Weimar, Vienna, 1994). Herzog Albrecht von Preußen und Livland (1525–1534). Regesten aus dem Herzoglichen Briefarchiv und den Ostpreußischen Folianten (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, 41), ed. Ulrich Müller (Cologne, Weimar, Vienna, 1996). Die Beziehungen der Herzöge in Preußen zu West- und Südeuropa (1525–1688). Regesten aus dem Herzoglichen Briefarchiv und den Ostpreußischen Folianten (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, 47), ed. Dieter Heckmann (Cologne, Weimar, Vienna, 1999). Die Beziehungen Herzog Albrechts von Preußen zu Städten, Bürgertum und Adel im westlichen Preußen (1525–1554). Regesten aus dem Herzoglichen Briefarchiv und den Ostpreußischen Folianten (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, 48, 1–2), ed. Ursula Benninghoven (Cologne, Weimar, Vienna, 2006). Herzog Albrecht von Preußen und Livland (1551–1557). Regesten aus dem Herzoglichen Briefarchiv und den Ostpreußischen Folianten (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, 57), ed. Stefan Hartmann (Cologne, Weimar, Vienna, 2005). Herzog Albrecht von Preußen und Livland (1557–1560). Regesten aus dem Herzoglichen Briefarchiv und den Ostpreußischen Folianten (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, 60), ed. Stefan Hartmann (Cologne, Weimar, Vienna, 2006). Benninghoven, Friedrich and Ursula, “Die Schiffsordnungen der Flotte der Herzoge in Preußen im 16. Jahrhundert. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der deutschen Seeschiffahrt”, in: Zeitschrift für Ostforschung, 34 (1985), pp. 385–420.

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Forstreuter, Kurt, Das Preußische Staatsarchiv Königsberg. Ein geschichtlicher Überblick mit einer Übersicht über seine Bestände (Veröffentlichungen der Niedersächsischen Archivverwaltung, 3) (Göttingen, 1955). Forstreuter, Kurt, “Die preußische Kriegsotte im 16. Jahrhundert”, in: Beiträge zur preußischen Geschichte im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert (Studien zur Geschichte Preußens, 7) (Heidelberg, 1960), pp. 73–164. Hartmann, Stefan, “Die preußische Herrschaft Serrey in Litauen”, in: Felder und Vorfelder russischer Geschichte. Studien zu Ehren von Peter Scheibert, ed. Inge Auerbach et al. (Freiburg, 1985), pp. 76–93. Hartmann, Stefan, “Die preußisch-litauischen Beziehungen vom 17. bis zum 19. Jahrhundert. Quellenlage und Forschungsstand”, in: Deutschland und Litauen, ed. Norbert Angermann and Manfred Tauber (Lüneburg, 1995), pp. 55–65. Kloosterhuis, Jürgen, “Die Tektonik des Geheimen Staatsarchivs Preußischer Kulturbesitz”, in: Archivarbeit fur Preußen (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Arbeitsberichte, 2) (Berlin, 2000), pp. 71–257 (in particular p. 178).

ARCHIVES OF THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF BREMEN Archiv der Handelskammer Bremen Bremen www.handelskammer-bremen.de

Old Files Cabinet II of the Collegium Seniorum Record group Old Files Cabinet II of the Collegium Seniorum Altes Aktenarchiv II des Collegium Seniorum Reference code : AA II Period : 15th to mid-19th century

archives of the chamber of commerce of bremen

447

Abstract This record group consists of papers regarding the trade relations of Bremen and the role of the Collegium Seniorum as a representative for trade interests. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1500–1800 : Denmark, Germany, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : English, French, High German, Latin, Low German, Portuguese

Relevant materials include the following papers: tonnage accounts from the sixteenth century onward; lists of shipowners and captains, and of passing ships, registers of otsam; sea letters; account books; registers of voyages of Bremen ships, and of foreign skippers. Furthermore, these documents concern the following subjects: foreign relations in the eighteenth century; the society of Bergen merchants; seizures of ships; the fund for ransom payments (Sklavenkasse); the toll at Elseth; English convoys, Bört (regular barge) service to Amsterdam; quarrels on various commodities; and trade with Russia and the Netherlands. Accessibility Electronic inventory (in German) (2005); OPAC in preparation. Record creator / provenance A corporation of merchants has existed in Bremen since at least 1451. Until 1849 it functioned under the name of Collegium Seniorum, after that as the Chamber of Commerce of Bremen. Custodial history The papers were collected and sorted during the past centuries, initially by the elders of the merchant guild and later on by members of the Chamber of Commerce. Visually attractive Some les contain maps and drawings.

448

germany

Related materials •

C: Collegium Seniorum as Representative for Trading Interests, c. 1544– 1846 (reference code: C).

Publications • •

Niehoff, Lydia, 550 Jahre Tradition der Unabhängigkeit: Chronik der Handelskammer Bremen (Bremen, 2001). Prüser, Friedrich, Karl H. Schwebel and Arthur Ulrich: De Koopman tho Bremen. Ein Fünfhundertjahr-Gedenken der Handelskammer Bremen (Bremen, 1951).

BREMEN STATE ARCHIVES Staatsarchiv Bremen Bremen www.staatsarchiv-bremen.de

Bremen Trade in Goods Record group Bremen Trade in Goods Bremische Warenhandlung Reference code : 7,2050–7,2087 Period : 1557–1795 Extent : 2.5 metres Abstract This collection consists of commercial books and correspondence originating from companies in Bremen that went bankrupt. Thus, the materials became part of the records of the municipal court.

bremen state archives

449

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1583–1795 : Denmark, Germany, Latvia, Poland, the Netherlands : High German, Low German

The records include the following relevant series: • • • • • • • •

7,2058: Papers originating from Harmen Dinckla, dealing with Bergen in Norway, 1583–1619. 7,2061: Papers originating from Lambert Jansen, trading in cheese and grain, 1608–1623. 7,2066: Papers originating from Hinrich Dwerhagen, dealing with Bergen in Norway, 1646–1649. 7,2071: Papers originating from Johan Harmsen, trading in linen and linseed, 1667–1675. 7,2075: Papers originating from Johann Bode, dealing with England, 1684–1694. 7,2078: Papers originating from the English Company (a Bremen-based company of merchants mainly trading with England), 1693–1694. 7,2082: Papers originating from Bernd Barkey, involved in maritime trade in, among other commodities, grain and linseed, 1700–1735. 7,2086: Papers concerning trade in herring, 1780–1795.

Accessibility Several nding aids, numbered 7,2050 to 7,2087 (1974). Publications •

Beutin, Ludwig, “Alte bremische Handlungsbücher”, in: Bremisches Jahrbuch, 34 (1933), pp. 118–130.

Council Archives Record group Council Archives Ratsarchiv Reference code Period Extent

:2 : c. 1300–1900 : 996 metres

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Abstract These are the central archives of the council of Bremen from the Middle Ages until the nineteenth century, classied according to subjects. The records deal with all aspects of municipal administration and jurisdiction, including foreign affairs. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1500–1900 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Latin, Low German

The records include the following relevant series: • • • • • • • •

B.2., B.15.: Concerning relations of the Hanseatic towns with the Netherlands, Sweden and Denmark, 1514–1748. C.7.: Concerning relations of the Hanseatic towns with Denmark and Norway, 1535–1878. C.8.: Concerning relations of the Hanseatic towns with Russia, the Baltic states and Poland, 1535–1909. W.9.: Concerning relations of Bremen with, among others, Denmark, Poland and Russia, 1525–1794. R.11.: Concerning navigation at sea, 1550–1916. R.12.: Concerning salvage and the right of wreck (the right to appropriate stranded goods), 1549–1861. T.6.m.: Concerning the Haus Seefahrt (a foundation for the support of indigent sailors), 1525–1902. Ss.2.: Concerning trade, c. 1500–1900.

Accessibility Several nding aids, numbered as follows: 2–A.–C. (1971), 2–R.8.-12. (1972), 2–Ss. (1974), 2–T.6–7. (1978), and 2–W. (1977). Publications •

Beständeübersicht. Übersicht über die Bestände des Staatsachivs Bremen, ed. Klaus Schwarz, 2nd edition, revised by Bettina Schleier (Bremen, 2000) (on CD-ROM); for a revised edition online, see: www. staatsarchivbremen.ndbuch.net.

municipal archives emden

451

MUNICIPAL ARCHIVES EMDEN Stadtarchiv Emden Emden www.emden.de/de/kultur/stadtarchiv/main.htm

First Filing Department Record group First Filing Department I. Registratur Reference code : I. Period : 1490–1749 Extent : 1363 items, 40 metres Abstract The record group of the First Filing Department contains the earliest administrative documents of the town of Emden. It covers the period from the late fteenth century until 1749, when the town lost its independent status. The materials include registers and les, mostly on paper. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1554–1744 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Danish, Dutch, High German, Latin, Low German

Relevant are documents concerning the arrest and capture of Emden ships in Poland, dating from 1595–1607, the trade of the town of Emden with Sweden, 1567–1725, trade with Schleswig-Holstein and Denmark, 1574–1723, the Sound toll, 1554–1691, trade with Poland, Courland and (East) Prussia, a trade treaty between Emden and Gdansk (Danzig), 1560, and obligations by the town of Emden towards creditors from Denmark, Schleswig-Holstein, Brandenburg and Sweden, 1600–1744.

452

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Accessibility Inventory (in German) (2006). Record creator / provenance The council was the executive body of the town administration. In early modern times it was also called the Senate, in allusion to the constitution of the antique Roman city-republic. Custodial history In 1795 the clerk Scipio Nellner was charged with the formation of council archives. He created this collection from the town council records from the period before the start of Prussian rule of the town of Emden. He did not choose the year 1744, when the Prussian King Frederick II the Great acceded to the Principality of East-Friesland, as the end date, but rather 1749, when the council of Emden had to ask for outside help against a rebellion, which had tacitly been supported by the Prussian Chamber of War and Demesnes in Aurich. At the same time, Emden had become insolvent and had to institute bankruptcy proceedings. Between 1934 and 1939 the municipal archivist Louis Hahn inventoried the record group anew, adhering strictly to the principles of Nellner and giving it the designation “First Files Department”. After World War II Wolfgang Schöning reorganised the collection, which had partly fallen into disarray because of removal during the war. Between 2001 and 2006 the collection was entered into the database “IZN-AIDA” by the director of the archives Rolf Uphoff, including completely new descriptions of the First Filing Department. Publications •

Uphoff, Rolf, Emden, 1490–1749, Quelleninventar der I. Registratur des Stadtarchivs Emden, 2 Vols. (Schriftenreihe des Stadtarchivs Emden, Vol. 1, I and II; Inventare und kleinere Schriften des niedersächsischen Landesarchivs, Staatsarchiv Aurich, Vol. 18) (Oldenburg, 2006).

municipal archives emden

453

Second Filing Department Record group Second Filing Department II. Registratur Reference code : II. Period : 1744–1806 Extent : 2100 items, 50 metres Abstract The record group of the Second Filing Department consists of the administrative records of the town of Emden from the rst period of Prussian sovereignty from 1744 to 1806. The material includes registers and les, mostly on paper. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1744–1822 : Germany, Poland, Russia, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, High German, Latin, Low German

Relevant are documents concerning sea tolls in Russian harbours, 1768– 1776, trade with Poland, 1771–1775, trade with Russia, 1766–1806 (1822), lists of shipmasters transporting cargoes of roong tiles to the Baltic Sea, 1777–1779, and obligations by the town of Emden towards creditors from Denmark, Schleswig-Holstein, Brandenburg and Sweden, 1744–1806. Accessibility Inventory (in German) (1997). Record creator / provenance The council was the executive body of the town administration. In early modern times it was also called the Senate, in allusion to the constitution of the antique Roman city-republic.

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Custodial history The bulk of the materials of the Second Filing Department was organised after the end of the rst period of Prussian sovereignty over Emden, following the defeat of the Prussian army of King Friedrich Wilhelm III at the hands of Napoleon in the battle of Jena-Auerstedt in October 1806. During the 1860s these les were joined to the council archives by the clerk, later town accountant of Emden, Ernst August Gebest. From that time, the town council records consisted of two collections: the First and Second Filing Departments respectively. Between 1933 and 1939 the collection was reorganised by Louis Hahn. In 1997, under the auspices of Dr. Eichhorn, director of the Eastfriesian Landesmuseum and head of the municipal archives, a new inventory was written.

MUNICIPAL ARCHIVES FLENSBURG Stadtarchiv Flensburg Flensburg www.ensburg.de/kultur/stadtarchiv

Krusau Copperworks Record group Krusau Copperworks Kupfermühle Krusau Reference code : XII Fa. Ku Period : 1600–1900 Extent : 257 units, 14 metres Abstract The record group consists of company books, privileges and papers concerning the transport of goods.

municipal archives flensburg

455

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1637–1865 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden : Danish, High German, Low German

Relevant items include the following: • •

4: Papers concerning the copper and brass trade in Schleswig-Holstein, Denmark and Norway, 1637–1690, 1734–1811, 1839–1865. 11: Papers concerning the management of the copper and brass trade in the Duchy of Schleswig, 1686–1818.

Accessibility A nding aid is available online at: www.stadtarchiv-ensburg.ndbuch. net. Custodial history The materials were transferred to the Municipal Archives after the company’s bankruptcy in 1960. Publications • • • •

Flensborg bys historie (Flensburg, 1955). Flensburg. Geschichte einer Grenzstadt (Flensburg, 1966). Flensburg in Bild und Wort (Flensburg, 2003). Flensburg. 700 Jahre Stadt, Vol. 1 (Flensburg, 1984).

Maps and Drawings Record group Maps and Drawings Karten und Pläne Reference code : XIV K/P Period : 1600–2006 Extent : 4502 units, 25 metres Abstract The record group comprises maps as well as planning sketches and drafts.

456

germany

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1559–1796 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden : Danish, High German, Low German, Swedish

Relevant items include the following: • • • •

866: Map of Denmark and all Faerge-Steder, including manually added distances, 1796 (scale 1:200,000). 1017: Map of Schleswig and Holstein (reprint), by Marcus Jorden, 1559 (scale 1:600,000). 1315: Maps of the beacons on the coasts of Sjaelland and Sweden, and the entry to the Sound, 1771 (scale c. 1:100,000). 1676: Map of the kingdom of Denmark, 1796 (scale 1:1,000,000).

Accessibility A nding aid is available online at: www.stadtarchiv-ensburg.ndbuch. net. Visually attractive The collection includes several relevant maps. Publications • • • •

Flensborg bys historie (Flensburg, 1955). Flensburg. Geschichte einer Grenzstadt (Flensburg, 1966). Flensburg in Bild und Wort (Flensburg, 2003). Flensburg. 700 Jahre Stadt, Vol. 1 (Flensburg, 1984).

Old Files Department / Danish period (1500–1867) Record group Old Files Department / Danish period (1500–1867) Alte Abteilung / Dänische Zeit (1500–1867) Reference code :A Period : 1500–1867 Extent : 3000 units, 300 metres

municipal archives flensburg

457

Abstract This record group comprises council records, chamber accounts, court les, registers, and papers deriving from the ofce of the burgomaster of Flensburg. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1564–1863 : Denmark, Finland, Germany, Russia, various countries : Danish, French, High German, Latin, Low German

Relevant material concerns the following subjects: • • • • • • • • •

• • • • •

021: Customs and licent dues, 1564–1744. 053: Register of sales and purchases, certicates of pledges, and obligations, 1598–1696. 082, 083: Coinage, 1654–1861. 132: Correspondence with towns and high-ranking people abroad, 1597–1648. 301: Trade in general, 1566–1817. 303: Trade in grain, wine, salt, linen, etc., 1571–1840. 305: Trade with Iceland, Greenland, Finland and Russia, including sealing and whaling, 1636–1819. 316: Maritime matters, maritime law, ags and brands, 1565–1810. 318, 319: Lists of Flensburg-registered ships, including purchases and sales, property matters, the merchant eet, and missing and foundered ships, 1631–1863. 321: Designation of ships and vessels wintering in the port of Flensburg, 1635–1741. 322–324: Average, jetsam and otsam, includes logs of individual ships, 1754–1820. 327, 328: Certicates and ship papers under the constitution of 6 August 1756, royal passports, and sea letters, 1744–1783. 332: Flensburg harbour law (ius portus), and a dispute with Sonderburg on this matter, 1578–1759. 884: Quarantine, cholera and other infectious deceases, 1639–1800.

Accessibility A nding aid is available online at: www.stadtarchiv-ensburg.ndbuch. net.

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germany

Publications • • • •

Flensborg bys historie (Flensburg, 1955). Flensburg. Geschichte einer Grenzstadt (Flensburg, 1966). Flensburg in Bild und Wort (Flensburg, 2003). Flensburg. 700 Jahre Stadt, Vol. 1 (Flensburg, 1984).

MUNICIPAL ARCHIVES GREIFSWALD Stadtarchiv Greifswald Greifswald www.greifswald.de

Charters Record group Charters Urkunden Reference code Period Extent

: Rep. 2 : 1250–1882 : 556 units, 8 metres

Abstract This collection consists of charters in the possession of the town of Greifswald, excluding guild charters. The charters partly originate from monasteries, hospitals and owners of landed property. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1602–1644 : Denmark, Germany, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : High German, Low German

municipal archives greifswald

459

Relevant material includes: grants of privileges and their conrmation (among others concerning trade and customs in Scandinavia); contributions of the town with regard to Russian and English matters in Hanseatic trade (1602, 1603); a treaty of the Hanseatic towns with the States General (1616); grants of freedom from customs by Sweden (1631); papers concerning a joint agreement with other Wendish Hanse towns and just occasional participation in Hanseatic matters (1644). Accessibility Card-index of abstracts (in German) (1956–1958); concordance lists. Record creator / provenance In 1250, the town of Greifswald was administrated by a council according to Lübeck law (codication took place in 1451, a revision in 1651). In the sixteenth century, a permanent citizens’ representation was introduced as a controlling body. 1623 saw the conclusion of the Bürgervertrag (“citizens contract”), arranging formal participation of citizens in the government of the town. Basic elements of the Greifswald town charter remained in force when Swedish Pomerania was ceded to Prussia in 1815 (until agreements of 1864 and 1873). Copies Part of the materials has been put on microlm. Reproductions of various individual charters have been published. Related materials • •

Registers (reference code: Rep. 3). Town Files (reference code: Rep. 5).

Publications • •

•

Biederstedt, R., Übersicht über die Bestände des Stadtarchivs Greifswald (Schwerin, 1966). Gesterding, C., Beitrag zur Geschichte der Stadt Greifswald oder vervollständigte Darstellung, Berichtigung und Erläuterung aller die Stadt Greifswald, ihre Kirchen und Stiftungen angehenden Urkunden bis zum Ende des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts (Greifswald, 1827). Gesterding, C., Erste Fortsetzung des Beitrages zur Geschichte der Stadt Greifswald (Greifswald, 1829).

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Manuscript Collection Record group Manuscript Collection Manuskriptsammlung Reference code : not applicable Period : 15th–21st centuries Extent : c. 320 units, 6 metres Abstract This collection consists of manuscripts that do not originate from departmental or other ofcial institutions. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1450–1450 : various countries : Low German

Relevant is item no. Ms. 85, which concerns the maritime law of Damme (Flanders), c. 1450. Accessibility Inventory, card-index (in German), begun in 1964 and still in progress; an electronic version is under preparation. Custodial history The collection was started in the 1960s by extracting manuscripts from other record groups. It is still being added to. Publications •

•

Biederstedt R., “Eine neue Handschrift des Seerechtes von Damme im Stadtarchiv Greifswald”, in: Greifswald-Stralsunder Jahrbuch, Vol. 7 (1967), pp. 25–54. Bracker, J., ed. Die Hanse. Lebenswirklichkeit und Mythos, Vol. 2 (Hamburg, 1989), p. 318, no. 15.1 (with incorrect reference).

municipal archives greifswald

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Municipal Files from before the Dissolution of the Central Registry c. 1920 Record group Municipal Files from before the Dissolution of the Central Registry c. 1920 Städtische Akten vor der Auösung der Zentralregistratur um 1920 Reference code : Rep. 5 Period : 1514–c. 1920 Extent : c. 11,000 units, c. 280 metres Abstract The record group comprises all les of the Greifswald town administration created until the decentralisation of the registry after World War I. They deal with matters of state and the Reich, provinces, local districts and the town. This is the largest and most important record group for the early modern period in the Municipal Archives Greifswald. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1513–1920 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden : High German, Low German

Relevant items are to be found in two series: •

•

Tit. 29: Papers regarding commerce and industry, sixteenth to twentieth centuries (c. 150 les), including documents concerning the shipping of grain, sh, salt and other commodities, and trading companies (in particular Bergen and Scania merchants). Tit. 30: Papers regarding maritime trade, sixteenth to twentieth centuries (in particular nineteenth century) (c. 150 les, with c. 25 les from before 1800), including documents concerning maritime matters of the province of Pomerania, the town of Greifswald and the village of Wieck (incorporated into Greifswald in 1939), shipbuilding, tonnage measurements, maritime trade, maritime law (that is to say the abolition of Hanseatic and introduction of Swedish law), losses of ships, navigation, rivalry of coastal shipping, sea letters, etc.

462

germany

Accessibility Inventory (in German) (1967); an electronic version will become available via OPAC. Record creator / provenance In 1250, the town of Greifswald was administrated by a council according to Lübeck law (codication took place in 1451, a revision in 1651). In the sixteenth century, a permanent citizens’ representation was introduced as a controlling body. 1623 saw the conclusion of the Bürgervertrag (“citizens contract”), arranging formal participation of citizens in the government of the town. Basic elements of the Greifswald town charter remained in force when Swedish Pomerania was ceded to Prussia in 1815 (until agreements of 1864 and 1873). Custodial history Early traces of planned le management by the Greifswald town council date from the eighteenth century. Systematic sorting was introduced in the 1820s to be replaced by a fundamentally new sorting system in the 1950s. The late 1990s saw a relabelling. Copies Part of the materials has been put on microlm. Related materials • •

Charters (reference code: Rep. 2). Register (reference code: Rep. 3).

Publications •

Biederstedt, R., Übersicht über die Bestände des Stadtarchivs Greifswald (Schwerin, 1966).

municipal archives greifswald

463

Registers Record group Registers Amtsbücher Reference code Period Extent

: Rep. 3 : (1241) 1291–1938 : c. 200 units, c. 55 metres

Abstract This record group consists of the registers of the town council and includes registers of privileges and chartularies, oath books, statutes and ordinances, succession and inheritance titles, nancial registers, matrikels, protocols, etc. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1523–1560 : Germany : High German, Low German

Relevant are materials regarding Hanse taxes dating from 1523, and registers of grain shipped during the 1540s to 1560s. Accessibility Inventory (in German) (1964); the electronic version is not yet available at OPAC. Record creator / provenance In 1250, the Magistrate of Greifswald introduced administration by a council according to Lübeck law (codication took place in 1451, a revision in 1651). From the sixteenth century onward, there was a permanent representation of citizens as controlling body. 1623 saw the introduction of the Bürgervertrag (citizens contract), regulating the formal participation of citizens in the governing of the town. Central elements of the Greifswald town charter remained in force when Swedish Pomerania was ceded to Prussia in 1815 (until recesses of 1864 and 1873).

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Custodial history The records were rst sorted in the 1820s. A new arrangement took place in the years 1954–1957. Related materials • •

Charters (reference code: Rep. 2). Town Files (reference code: Rep. 5).

Publications •

Biederstedt, R., Übersicht über die Bestände des Stadtarchivs Greifswald (Schwerin, 1966).

STATE OFFICE FOR CULTURE AND THE PRESERVATION OF MONUMENTS, STATE ARCHIVES GREIFSWALD Landesamt für Kultur und Denkmalpege, Landesarchiv Greifswald Greifswald www.landesarchiv-greifswald.de

Chancellery of State Record group Chancellery of State Staatskanzlei Reference code : Rep. 7 Period : 1498–1815 Extent : 46.9 metres

state archives greifswald

465

Abstract This record group comprises the archives deriving from the government of Brandenburgian East Pomerania. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1651–1803 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden : High German

Relevant materials are to be found in “Title” 3, which concerns matters of shipping and shipwrecks and contains 237 les: •

•

•

3: Papers regarding matters of shipping, 1651–1787. Including the following subjects: * Grain trade, 1651. * Shipbuilding, 1660–1676. * Rules for shipping to England, 1665. * Kolobrzeg (Kolberg) ships and harbour matters, 1691–1706. * Privateering of Pomeranian ships by English ships, 1753. * Prussian maritime and trading regulations, 1787. 3.1: Papers concerning the right of salvage/wreck, including documents regarding laws and regulations governing salvage, jetsam and otsam on the Pomeranian coast, 1666–1799. 3.2: Papers concerning losses of ships/shipwrecks, for instance the wrecking of local and foreign men-of-war and merchant vessels on the Pomeranian coast, 1671–1803.

Accessibility 30 metres of records have been described in a card-index. The remaining 16.9 metres have not been described. Record creator / provenance By the Governmental Ordinance (Regimentsverfassung) of 11 July 1654, four governing bodies (Landeskollegien) were instituted in Brandenburgian East Pomerania, initially located in Kolobrzeg (Kolberg), moving in 1669 to Stargard, and from 1723 seated in Szczecin (Stettin). These bodies were the Government, Chamber of Demesnes (Amtskammer), High Court of Justice (Hofgericht) and Consistory.

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The Government consisted of a president, chancellor, administrator of the High Court of Justice, director of economics and two governing councillors. Their responsibilities covered matters of ef, appointments, crown and police, sovereignty, matters of the Reich, Reich Circles and borders. Thus the Government was the supreme administrative and judicial body. After the creation of the Chamber of War and Demesnes in 1723, the Government retained only its responsibilities concerning matters of ef, sovereignty and pardon as well as the function of a Supreme Appeals Court for the province. The High Court of Justice was joined to the Government in 1746 under the name of “New Government of Pomerania in Stettin” as the highest court in the province. This body was in turn renamed “Supreme Appeals Court” by a law of 16 December 1808. The le archives of this institution were created in 1649 as “Registratura cancellariae status”, which gave the name of “Chancellery of State” to the record group. Custodial history The record group had already been inventoried under the same reference code in the former Provincial Archives of the State of Szczecin (Stettin). After their evacuation in World War II, the materials were transferred to the present repository in 1947 and 1948.

Sailors’ House Kolberg Record group Sailors House Kolberg Seglerhaus Kolberg Reference code : Rep. 38e Kolberg Period : 1553–1821 Extent : 3.4 metres, 620 units Abstract These are the records of the so-called sailors’ house (Seglerhaus) of Kolberg (Kolobrzeg), a merger of the guilds of the salt-makers and merchants (including skippers) in Kolberg. The bulk of the materials dates from the period after 1692.

state archives greifswald

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1553–1810 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German

About 175 les may have relevant contents, but the material has not been described in detail. Because the record group is unstructured, the les are distributed randomly. Relevant materials deal with the following topics: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • •

Export of woollen goods to Holland, trade in wool and woollen goods in general, import of wool and silk, 1705–1723, 1742, 1766, 1792–1799. Trade in ax from Memel, 1748. Trade in lace, 1726. Trade in linen, 1724, 1735–1776. Catch of and trade in herring, related conicts, herring gutting, 1719– 1796. Trade in grain, including embargoes, 1698–1777, 1797–1810. Shipwrecks, rules on jetsam and otsam, average, 1720–1759, 1772, 1782, 1793. Import of goods from India, 1746. Decrease and development of trade and shipping, 1715–1740. Trading rules and regulations, annual reports, 1709, 1733–1801. Import of coffee, 1769–1777. Trading permits, 1751, 1762–1763. Freedom of toll in the Sound, 1553–1783. Salvage rights of the company of divers in Sweden, 1747–1749. Pirates, privateering by English ships, 1743, 1748. Sea trade between Kolberg (Kolobrzeg) and Holland, 1717. Trade relations with: * France, 1718, 1747–1767. * Town of Emden, 1745. * Poland, with Neumark, 1745. * Russia, 1721, 1766. Export of amber, 1743. Import of tea from Hamburg, 1757. Trade in tropical fruits, 1754, 1764–1767. Salt trade, 1746, 1771–1772. Danish sea regulations, 1756. Trade in iron goods (for example from Norway), 1717, 1749–1779.

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Embargo against the import of Swedish iron, 1780–1782. Shipping through the Kattegat, 1751. Trade in leather and leatherware, 1735. Regulation of shipping between Russia and Sweden during the war, 1741–1747. Complaints of English merchants over impediments at sea, 1747– 1748. Regulations for trade with Austria and the Netherlands, 1745. Drafting of sea letters, 1717.

Accessibility Non-indexed le cards. Record creator / provenance The so-called Seglerhaus (sailors’ house) of Kolberg (Kolobrzeg) was the result of the merging of the most illustrious guilds of the salt-makers and merchants (including skippers) in Kolberg. The founding date cannot be ascertained. Although the year 1334 is mentioned in the literature, there is no evidence for this date in the sources. A set of house rules dates from 1516, which only details policy rules for the administration of the Seglerhaus. The house itself was destroyed in a re in 1630, then rebuilt. The rules of the Seglerhaus regulating trade and shipping trafc were not written down until 1692, when they were conrmed by the Brandenburg Elector Frederick I. Five merchants and three skippers served as a council of aldermen, which lled vacancies by co-optation and was privileged with a seal. This council decided on all quarrels arising from trade and shipping according to maritime law and their own rules. An appeal to a maritime court was only possible if accompanied by a decision from the Seglerhaus. Every trader had to become a member of the merchants’ guild, and all transactions were to be concluded in the trading centre, where they had to be registered with a sworn solicitor. Foreign skippers and merchants were only allowed to deal with traders from Kolberg in this way. The corporation of the Seglerhaus continued to exist unchanged in this form until 1808. With the introduction of a municipal statute, the Seglerhaus lost its role as sole representative of all trading merchants, which could pass binding decisions on matters of trade and shipping. Henceforth, applications to the Seglerhaus had to be submitted through the magistrate, which also put the aldermen under oath.

state archives greifswald

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Custodial history The record group had already been inventoried under the same reference code in the former Provincial Archives of State of Szczecin (Stettin). After their evacuation because of World War II, the materials were transferred to the present repository in 1947 and 1948.

Swedish Archives Record group Swedish Archives Schwedisches Archiv Reference code : Rep. 6 Period : 1556–1745 Extent : 52.6 metres Abstract This record group comprises the records of the Swedish government of the province of Pomerania in the period 1648–1714. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1606–1715 : Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden : High German, Swedish

Relevant materials are to be found in “Title 57”, which deals with matters of navigation, commerce and manufacture. They concern the following subjects: • • • • • • •

Sea letters, 1606–1712. Grain trade, 1712. Salt trade, 1678–1703. Trade with other countries and towns, such as East Pomerania, Mecklenburg and Poland, 1678, 1709. Shipwrecks, jetsam and otsam, 1694–1712. Matters of shipping and trade, 1682–1712. Quarrels over free passage, 1680–1714.

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Complaints about pilots, 1688–1714. By-laws and ordinances for the protection of Pomeranian ships against privateering, Russian privateers in the Baltic Sea region, 1689–1703. Reports on privateered Pomeranian ships, 1689–1715. Reports on Prussian prize ships captured in Pomerania, 1710–1714.

Accessibility 35.6 metres of the records have been described in a card index and an inventory (in German). The remaining 17 metres have not been described. Record creator / provenance After the dying out of the ancient house of the Dukes of Pomerania in 1638, the part of their territory that later became known as Altvorpommern (West Pomerania) was granted to the crown of Sweden by the peace treaty of Münster-Westphalia (1648). Szczecin (Stettin) became the seat of the Swedish government, which was responsible for all administrative matters in the territory. Custodial history The record group had already been inventoried under the same reference code in the former Provincial Archives of the State of Szczecin (Stettin). After their evacuation in World War II, the materials were transferred to the present repository in 1947 and 1948.

Swedish Government in Stralsund Record group Swedish Government in Stralsund Schwedische Regierung Stralsund Reference code : Rep. 10 Period : 1597–1818 Extent : 72.4 metres Abstract The record group comprises the archives of the Swedish Government of the province of Pomerania from 1720 to 1815.

state archives greifswald

471

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1717–1818 : Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, various countries : High German, Latin, Swedish

Relevant materials deal with the following topics: •

•

•

•

• •

Title 46: Matters of commerce and navigation, 97 les. Including: * Patent letters for sea-going vessels, 1722–1817. * Matters of shipping and trade, 1730–1816. * Shipbuilding, 1724–1817. * The Continental System, 1810–1817. * Port construction and shipping lines, 1792–1817. * French privateering vessels, 1810–1815. * Maritime law, 1786–1817. * The American Squadron in European waters, 1817. Title 48: Matters of toll, 21 les. Including: * Toll regulations for ships and harbours, 1726–1816. * Dredging and marking of safeways, 1768–1816. * Shipwrecks, shipping trafc, 1750–1753. Title 49: Plagues and contagious diseases, 4 les, concerning provisions against the import of the black death and other plagues by foreign ships, 1781–1805. Title 50: Skippers, 8 les. Including: * The Stralsund company of skippers, 1750–1790. * Freight shipping, shipbuilding, 1760–1771. Title 51: Pilotage, 15 les. Including: * Pilotage in the Strelasound and the Greifswald Bodden, 1721–1818. Title 54: Fishing, 71 les. Including: * Fishing privileges of the towns and nobility, 1717–1818. * Complaints over restrictions in and obstructions of shing, 1722– 1816. * Herring and cod sheries in the Baltic and North Seas, 1745–1808. * Fisheries on the Peene River and the Greifswald Bodden, 1732– 1806. * Illegal shing methods, close seasons, 1722–1800.

Accessibility Inventory (in German).

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Record creator / provenance After the peace of Stockholm in 1720, Sweden retained only the part of West Pomerania north of the Peene River, including the island of Rügen. Stralsund became the seat of government, while the administrative structure dating from 1663 remained intact. The coup d’etat of Gustav IV Adolphus of 1806 also aimed at completely incorporating the province into the Swedish heartland. The French occupation from 1807 to 1811, however, hampered the introduction of new administrative structures, which were abandoned altogether in 1811. Until 1815 the government was led by a GovernorGeneral with enhanced authorities. Custodial history The record group had already been inventoried under the same reference code in the former Provincial Archives of the State of Szczecin (Stettin). After their evacuation in World War II, the materials were transferred to the present repository in 1947 and 1948.

Town Council Anklam Record group Town Council Anklam Stadtverwaltung Anklam Reference code : Rep. 38b Anklam Period : 1247–1935 Extent : 41 metres Abstract The record group documents the activities of the town from the mid-thirteenth to the mid-twentieth century. concerning affairs of the Reich, Prussia, the province Reich Circle and the military, local self-rule, economy, concerns, etc.

council of Anklam It contains papers of Pomerania, the social and security

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1530–1822 : Denmark, Germany, Russia, Sweden, various countries : High German, Swedish

state archives greifswald

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Relevant materials include the following: •

•

• •

Title 2.8.5: Papers concerning shipping and ship-building, 1530–1808. Including the following subjects: * Shipping on the Peene River. * Altercations over shipping to Anklam, Pasewalk, Gützkow, Demmin and Loitz. * Treaty of Copenhagen, 1553. * Surveillance of Pomeranian sea ports, 1684. * Ordinances concerning the import and export of goods through trade and shipping. * Freedom of construction of ships, 1724–1805. * Shipping to St. Peterburg, 1741. * Shipwrecks, right of salvage and salvage money. * Bielbriefe and ship certicates, sea letters. Title 2.8.8.1: Papers concerning trade matters, 1586–1810. Including the following subjects: * Altercations over trading rights. * Import and export of grain, transit trade in foreign grain. * Trade agreements with France, 1718–1729. * Catch and sale of herring, the Herring Company in Emden, 1769– 1798. * Trade in coal, timber, Swedish iron and tobacco. Title 2.8.8.3: Proceedings of the merchants’ guild, 1546–1822. Title 2.8.8.4: Papers concerning activities of the Hanseatic League, 1535–1777. Including the following subjects: * Conventions and resolutions of the Hanse, 1579–1619. * Bruges ofce of the Hanse, 1535–1596. * Roster of Hanseatic towns, 1561–1577. * Trade of the Pomeranian towns (includes the English trade embargo against Spain), 1578–1599. * Petitions to the king of Denmark for a return of the Vitte, 1600– 1610. * Proposal for a new charter of the Hanseatic League, 1616. * Publication of the “History of the German Hanse”, 1777.

Accessibility Inventory (in German).

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Custodial history The record group was transferred to the present repository from the then Anklam town administration in 1982.

Town Council Stolp Record group Town Council Stolp Stadtverwaltung Stolp Reference code : Rep. 38b Stolp Period : 1525–1881 Extent : 22.5 metres Abstract The record group documents the activities of the council of the town of Stolp (Slupsk) in Eastern Pomerania from 1525 to 1881. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1663–1818 : Denmark, Germany : High German

Relevant materials include the following: • •

Title 3.4: Harbour accounts, containing 5 les dealing with the auditing of harbour accounts, 1726–1804. Title 9: Papers concerning sheries, shipping and the harbour, containing 18 les dealing with the following subjects: * Engagements of crews, 1663. * Paying off of Danish sailors, 1689. * Shipping and harbour commerce, 1689–1716. * Sale of newly built ships, 1691–1704. * Shipping registers, 1707–1714. * Shipwrecks, 1740. * Registration of skippers, ships and shermen, 1743–1744. * Permits for clearing port, 1759–1760. * Harbour matters, 1691–1818.

hamburg chamber of commerce

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Accessibility Inventory (in German). Custodial history The record group had already been inventoried under the same reference code in the former Provincial Archives of State of Szczecin (Stettin). After their evacuation because of World War II, the materials were transferred to the present repository in 1947 and 1948.

LIBRARY OF COMMERCE OF THE HAMBURG CHAMBER OF COMMERCE Commerzbibliothek der Handelskammer Hamburg Hamburg www.commerzbibliothek.de

Minutes and Enclosures of the Trade Deputation, as well as Reference Literature Record group Minutes and Enclosures of the Trade Deputation, as well as Reference Literature Protokolle und Anlagen der Commerzdeputation sowie Sachhefte Reference code :S Period : 17th–20th centuries Extent : 36 metres

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Abstract This record group consists of the minutes of the proceedings of the trade deputation, with accompanying les. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1598–1812 : Denmark, Germany, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, English, French, High German, Italian, Latin, Low German, Spanish, Swedish

Relevant materials include the following: • S/101: Several editions of a description in German of a voyage from the Netherlands to Novaya Zemlya and further into the Tartary sea, 1594, printed by Bertram Bucholtz in Cologne, 1598, and Levin Hulsius’ Witwe, 1623–1630 (S/87). • S/142: Description in Italian by Gerardo de Vera of a voyage from the Netherlands to Norway, Moscow and, possibly, Greenland and Tartary, 1599. • S/220: Negotiations between the United Dutch provinces and the Hanseatic towns concerning an alliance, 1613–1616. • S/346: List of the Herrenzoll (masters’ toll) of the town of Hamburg, 1647, with an alphabetic list of goods and amounts, a register of the toll in the Sound for the Dutch provinces, 1662, and the Königsberg toll on exported goods. • S/451: Assorted documents on laws of wreck, salvage and average, detailing the place and time of ships cast ashore, names of ships and skippers, itineraries and accounts, sorted by country in three boxes. Including: * Box 2: Baltic region, Pomerania and Wismar in the duchy of Mecklenburg. * Box 3: Prussia, Pomerania, Poland, Gdansk (Danzig), Courland, Russia and Livonia. • S/457: Report on how trade with the Prussian state could be increased, 1768. • S/458: Trading logs by Johan Nicolaus Meyer, Hamburg 1765–1812 (13 volumes). Including: * Vol. 1: Scheeps-Boek van’t Schip de Iuffrouwen Margaretha & Maria van anno 1765 tot anno 1780, accounts of transportation fees from Archangel.

hamburg chamber of commerce

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* Vol. 12: Accounts of the ship Einigkeit sailing between Königsberg and Bergen. S/469: Notes on a memorandum by the merchants trading with Archangel concerning the protection by convoys, 1677. S/529: Miscellaneous papers concerning trade, industry, shipping, with volume 13 containing details of all sea ships arriving at Hamburg in 1788, including their cargoes, for instance from Russia and the Baltic region. S/584: Inventory of all ships docked in Hamburg harbour in 1788, including their cargoes and colours. Including: * Chart 6: From Denmark and Norway. * Chart 7: From Sweden. * Chart 8: From Russia. * Chart 15: Breakdown of all goods arriving in Hamburg in 1788 on board the aforementioned ships. S/599: Various papers concerning trade and shipping. Including: * Correspondence on matters of sea trade, navigation treaties, regulations, statistical data, literature on shipbuilding in the eighteenth century, Hamburg regulations on matters of insurance and maritime law in the eighteenth century, Dutch maritime laws of the sixteenth century, inventory of all seagoing ships docking in Hamburg in 1788 including their cargoes and ports of registration. * Lists of ships captured by English privateers and having to pay ransom (1756 ff.), including ships from many regions, listing ship names, names of skippers, ports of origin and destination and dates of capture. * Swedish ordinance of October 1724 concerning the sailing of foreigners to Sweden and Finland. * Royal Swedish decree on privateering during the ongoing war against Denmark and Russia, 1715. * Dutch ordinance concerning prizes, 1744. * Treaty on the freedom of the seas between Russia and Prussia, 1781. * Special volume 38: Report from Moscow concerning the export of grain from Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, 1763. * Special volume 63: Shipping news of 1762, with names of ships and skippers, destinations and dates. * Special volume 89: Hoisting charges for tar from Russia and Sweden at Hamburg, 1796.

Accessibility Inventory, with index on subjects (in German).

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Record creator / provenance The Hamburg trade deputation was founded in 1665. It consisted of an alderman of the skippers and six merchants trading in the western and eastern seas, who made use of their own insurance system. The trade deputation represented the commercial interests of the traders at the town council and was responsible for all matters of sea trade. In 1866 it became the Hamburg Chamber of Commerce. Custodial history The Library of Commerce was founded in 1735 in order to supply the merchants with relevant literature as well as to provide the trade deputation with a meeting place and archival facilities. Copies Microlms of the relevant materials are available at the Hamburg State Archives. Publications • • • •

Baasch, Ernst, Die Handelskammer zu Hamburg, 1665–1915, 2 Vols. in 3 Parts (Hamburg, 1915). Klein, Gottfried, Dokumente zur Geschichte der Handelskammer Hamburg (Hamburg, 1965). Klein, Gottfried, “Die Handelskammer Hamburg und ihre Vorläufer”, in: Mitteilungen (1960). Sauer, Albrecht, Das Seebuch. Das älteste erhaltene Seehandbuch und die spätmittelalterliche Navigation in Nordwesteuropa (Schriften des Deutschen Schiffahrtsmuseums, 44) (Hamburg, 1997).

state archives of hamburg

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STATE ARCHIVES OF THE FREE AND HANSEATIC CITY OF HAMBURG Staatsarchiv der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg Hamburg fhh.hamburg.de/stadt/Aktuell/behoerden/staatsarchiv/start.html

Board of Admiralty Record group Board of Admiralty Admiralitätskollegium Reference code : 371–2 Period : 1623–1814 Extent : 16.8 metres Abstract The record group consists mainly of the les and registers (including minutes, books of receipts and accounts, toll registries, journals and inventories) of the Board of Admiralty and the institutions under its control, namely the “arsenal” and Dröge (workshop for tarring and drying ropes and cables). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1623–1820 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : English, High German, Low German, various languages

Relevant materials include the following sections: •

A: General administration. Including: * A1–A4: Minutes and records of the special jurisdiction of the Board of the Admiralty, with enclosures, 1672–1820.

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* A5: Records of convoys, including piloting and piracy, 1680–1766 (5 volumes). * A8: Minutes of the members of the Admiralty, 1777–1810 (13 volumes). * A9: Enclosures to the minutes of the members of the Admiralty, 1772–1807 (14 volumes). B: General matters of the treasury and accounting, containing accounts, balances, registers of the treasury, main register, bank book, etc., 1686– 1812. D: Matters of convoy. Including: * D1, D2: Inventories of the convoy arsenal and convoy ships, 1683–1810 (3 volumes). * D5, D6: Registers of the convoy treasury, 1675–1696, 1748–1810 (2 volumes). * D7: Accounts of the convoy treasury, subdivided by expense items, 1786–1798. * D10: Register of convoy expenses, 1670–1687. * D13: Register of convoys, accounting with the treasury of expenses for convoys and navy lists of convoy ships, 1674, 1680–1697. * D14–D16: Register, accounting and navy lists of individual ships, eighteenth century. E: Supervision of shipping. Including: * E1–E4: Various correspondence with the disctrict (Amt) of Ritzebüttel/Cuxhaven, 1786–1807. * E5: Correspondence with various agents in foreign regions, sorted alphabetically, 1759–1810 (3 volumes). * E12: Correspondence of the members of the Admiralty with the inspectorate of pilots, 1797–1810 (16 volumes). * E13–E15: Correspondence with individual pilots, 1797–1806. * E16: Log concerning the establishment and maintenance of a quarantine ship, 1770–1772. * E17: Permits issued by the district (Amt) of Ritzebüttel to sail up the Elbe River after passing the quarantine period, 1802. * E18: Copybook of remarkable events during average, 1793–1795. * E19: Records of allotments of losses (averages), 1786–1787. * E20: Accounting books of the ofce for the allotment of losses (Dispache-Kontor), 1788–1803 (3 volumes). * E21: Duplicate accounting books of the ofce for the allotment of losses, with index, 1783–1810 (2 volumes). F: Admiralty and convoy tolls. Including: * F1: Account books of the yacht of the toll directorate, 1787–1810 (2 volumes).

state archives of hamburg

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* F2: Tarriff for the levying of tonnage by the Admiralty depending on destination, eighteenth century. * F3: Inventories of goods dutiable by Admiralty toll on incoming and outgoing ships, sorted by merchants/middlemen, 1632–1648 (8 volumes). * F4: Inventories of goods dutiable by Admiralty toll on incoming and outgoing ships, sorted by skippers, with specication of origin and destination, 1623–1651 (15 volumes). * F5: Inventory of incoming goods sorted by ships, with specication of origin and names of skippers, 1631. * F6, F7: Inventories of goods dutiable by Admiralty toll on incoming and outgoing ships, sorted by merchants/middlemen, with specication of origin and destination, 1728–1811 (50 volumes). * F8: Inventories of arriving ships with specication of captains and ports of origin, 1778–1780 (3 volumes). * F9, F10: Summary and inventories of arriving ships with specication of ports of origin and cargoes, 1783–1801 (15 volumes). * F11: General table of cargoes, drawn from item F10, 1785–1791. * F12: Inventories of goods arrived by sea or land with specication of merchants/middlemen as well as origin and amounts, 1777–1797 (19 volumes). * F13: Inventories of arriving ships with specication of captains, ports of origin and cargoes, 1799–1811 (10 volumes). * F14: Inventories of arriving and departing small and large ships with specication of their captains and ports of origin and destination, 1801, 1802, 1804 (3 volumes). Accessibility Inventory (in German), with hand-written addenda (1965 and later). Record creator / provenance The Board of the Admiralty, set up in 1623 to handle cases of maritime law and safeguard shipping, was made up of representatives of the town council, the merchants and the skippers. Apart from its function as a law court in all cases concerning shipping and sea trade, the board was also responsible for the appointment of envoys and consuls of the town of Hamburg, as well as the safeguarding and furthering of shipping, including the maintenance of beacons on the islands of Neuwerk and Heligoland, and the embankments (Stack), the supervision of piloting, insurance and allotment of losses (Dispache), and control over the arsenal and the Dröge (workshop for tarring and drying ropes and cables). It kept its own treasury.

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Revenue came initially from the Admiralty toll, which was at rst levied on all incoming and departing ships, but was modied later on. The military cover for Hamburg shipping was initially entrusted to the Admiralty, but from 1662 became the responsibility of a special deputation for convoys. In 1814 the Board of the Admiralty, which had already been suspended under French rule in 1811, was formally abolished. Its judicial role passed to the Commercial Court (Handelsgericht), while its administrative functions were taken over by the newly created Deputation of Shipping and Harbour. Custodial history Files of the deputation for convoys have been spread among several record groups, while those of the deputation for embankments (Stack) are collected in the record group of Ritzebüttler Stackwesen (Ritzebüttel embankment matters). Related materials • • • • •

111–1: Senat Cl. VII (Lit. E: toll administration; Lit. K: trade and shipping; Lit. VII Ca No. 3 vol. 7b: shiplogs from convoys). 131–1: Senatskanzlei I No. 77 ff. 373–1: Wasserschout. 311–1: Kämmerei I Nos. 277 and 280. 611–19: Mathias Reder Company (books of contents).

Publications •

• •

Krawehl, Otto-Ernst, “Quellen zur Hamburger Handelsstatistik im 18. Jh.”, in: Wolfram Fischer and Andreas Kunz (eds.), Grundlagen der Historischen Statistik von Deutschland. Quellen, Methoden, Forschungsziele (Opladen, 1991), pp. 46–69. Langenbeck, Hermann, Anmerckungen über das Hamburgische Schiffund See-Recht (1727). Pitz, Ernst, Die Zolltarife der Stadt Hamburg (Wiesbaden, 1961).

state archives of hamburg

483

Board of Middlemen Record group Board of Middleme Makler-Deputation Reference code : 375–1 Period : 1684–1870 Extent : 1.8 metres Abstract This record group consists mainly of the minutes of the Board of Middlemen from the years 1684–1869, with enclosures for the years 1765–1866. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1679–1870 : Germany, various countries : High German, various languages

Relevant materials include the following: • • • • • • •

1: Minutes of the Board of Middlemen, with indexes on subject, 1684– 1869 (7 volumes). 2: Enclosures to the minutes, numbered Fasc. 1 (1765–1766) to Fasc. 53 (1866). 3: Printed oaths for the ofce of middleman, 1679–1869. 3a: Pledges of middlemen, 1868–1870. 4: Registration of middlemen. 5: Reciprocal declarations of middlemen concerning the authority to hold auctions: vols. 1 and 2 (May 1866), vol. 3 (1866–1869). 6: Cashbooks of middlemen: vol. 1 (1679–1709), vol. 2 (1709–1740).

Accessibility Inventory (in German). Record creator / provenance The town agreement of 1579 contains the oldest legal stipulation concerning middlemen. In 1651 the Board of Middlemen was instituted, which later

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consisted of four members of the town council, two representatives from the Board of High Elders (Oberalten) and all members of the commercial board. In the same year the rst formal regulations for middlemen were passed. These stipulated that only middlemen who had been put under oath by the Board were authorised to buy and sell goods on behalf of traders, load ships, effect insurances, buy, sell or let real estate and set the ofcial money exchange rates. The Board of Middlemen controlled the compliance with the respective regulations, chose new middlemen and placed them under oath and decided on complaints concerning the regulations. Against decisions by the Board of Middlemen only a direct appeal to the town council was possible. At the end of 1870 the Board was dissolved.

Chancellery of the Senate – Joint Registry Record group Chancellery of the Senate – Joint Registry Senatskanzlei – Gesamtregistratur Reference code : 131–1 I Period : 18th century–1927 Extent : 46.8 metres Abstract This record group contains the registry of the Chancellery from the nineteenth century, and preceding documents deriving from Chancellery activities (including resolutions of the Senate, instructions for the Chancellery, etc.). The record group is subdivided according to organisation and administration, business of the Senate and of the Chancellery. There are gaps especially in the transcripts of sea letters due to the French occupation in 1806–1815 and the great re of Hamburg in 1842. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1764–1845 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, various languages

state archives of hamburg

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Relevant materials include the following items: •

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•

•

•

57, vols. 1–11, and 58, vols. 1–25: Written transcripts of afdavits concerning ownership of ships, origin and destination of goods, proofs of extraction and the like, 1798–1935. 76: Registers of sea letters, sorted by name of skipper, including names of ships and other sea letter data, as well as transcripts of registrations, 1764–1787. 77, vols. 1–12: Transcripts of afdavits concerning ownership of ships, occasionally origin and destination of goods, proofs of extraction and the like for the procurement of sea letters in time of war and ship certicates, 1778–1815. 79: Transcripts of afdavits concerning origin and destination of goods for the procurement of ship certicates recognised in the Netherlands (goods certicates), 1797–1801. 93: Blanks and originals of Hamburg and foreign passports, c. 1800– 1845.

Accessibility Inventory (in German) (1953). Custodial history A separate registry of the Chancellery from that of the Senate did not evolve until the nineteenth century, although resolutions of the Senate, instructions for the Chancellery and other documents originating from activities of the Chancellery were already collected before that time. In addition, there were requisitions and supplications to the Senate, registers of issued certications and ship papers, as until 1866 the Chancellery was also charged with the tasks of the later Ofce of Ships’ Records. Related materials •

Senate (reference code: 111–1).

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Elders of the Exchange Record group Elders of the Exchange Börsenalte Reference code : 612–2/1 Period : 1517–1886 Extent : 2.8 metres Abstract The record group contains les on structure, membership, elections, minutes, accountancy, trade and shipping, administrations of the Exchange and the postal service. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1525–1867 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, various languages

Relevant papers include the following: •

•

• • • • •

2, vol. 1: Registers of minutes, concerning connections to the Amsterdam, Brunswik, Gdansk (Danzig), Emden and Lübeck messengers’ services, 1675–1684. 3: Copybook and register of enclosures, containing copies of the more important documents from the registers of minutes, ofcial correspondence, for example on postal matters (also before 1698), 1698–1758. 14: Membership lists, nineteenth century. 16: Receipt books, 1571–1732 and 1732–1823 (2 volumes). 18: Extraordinary revenues and expenditures, 1662–1757 and 1757–1867 (2 volumes). 20: Receipts for extraordinary revenues and expenditures, 1795–1811. 29–44: Papers concerning trade and shipping. Including: * 30: Correspondence with the Lübeck traders’ associations, 1525– 1527. * 31: Bill of lading of the cargo of a ship going from Hamburg to Zealand, 1525.

state archives of hamburg

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* 32: Letter from the merchants of Antwerp. * 33: Account of a journey to Zwolle. * 34: Mandate by Emperor Charles V concerning maritime law, with fragments of a Dutch mandate, seventeenth century. * 35: Supplication concerning trade with Stade, 1571. * 36: Papers concerning the equipment of three men-of-war and yachts, 1571. * 39: Memorandum on the ght against pirates, 1572. * 41: Letter from the bailiff (Amtmann) of Ritzebüttel (Cuxhaven) concerning jetsam and otsam, 1578. * 42: Supplications to the Senate and correspondence with the king of Denmark concerning the Sound toll, 1584. * 43: Seizure of a Hamburg ship in the Netherlands, 1599. 60–143: Administration of postal services. Including: * 63: Danish postal and Copenhagen messenger services, 1607–1724. * 64, 65, 67: Imperial (Thurn und Taxis) postal service, 1642–1715. * 77–108: Postal services to the Netherlands, 1571–1816. * 109–116: Postal services to Lübeck. * 117–125: Postal services to Mecklenburg, Pomerania and Gdansk, 1597–1806. * 126–133: Postal services to Brunswick, Emden, Frankfurt, Leipzig, Lüneburg and Nuremburg, 1644–1806.

Accessibility Inventory (in German) (1982). Record creator / provenance The merchants’ associations, merged in 1517 into the “Common Merchant” (Gemeiner Kaufmann), included all sea trading merchants of the town. The managing board was made up of elders, representatives from the traditional skippers’ societies. The board was probably dissolved in 1557 and reformed the following year after the founding of the Hamburg Exchange, of which it took charge until in 1751 the merchants’ associations were separated from the guilds of the cloth merchants and dressmakers, which also had a hand in the running of the Exchange. The inuence of the board diminished during the seventeenth century, when part of its powers were handed over to the Admiralty (port authority), founded in 1623. The Elders of the Exchange also supervised the postal and messenger services until 1822, when they ceded the postal service altogether to the town council of Hamburg. Through progressive restructuring

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of the Commercial Deputation (since 1867 the Chamber of Commerce), the Elders of the Exchange were gradually supplanted, until the Statute of the Chamber of Commerce of 1880 abolished them altogether. Custodial history The materials were handed over to the Archives of State in 1855 and 1895. They were not sorted and described until 1982. Publications • •

Postel, Rainer, Kaufmännische Selbstverwaltung in Geschichte und Gegenwart: Versammlung Eines Ehrbaren Kaufmanns (Hamburg, 1992). Steinbrinker, Gerd, Hamburger kaufmännische Fahrergesellschaften (1962); containing manuscript no. 657 in the library of the Archives of State of Hamburg.

Guilds and Corporations in Harburg Record group Guilds and Corporations in Harburg Zünfte und Innungen in Harburg Reference code : 430–85 Period : 1533–1957 Extent : 3.0 metres Abstract The record group contains records of 27 guilds and corporations in Harburg ( just south of Hamburg) and mainly consists of privileges, account books, cash books, minute books and copy books of incoming and outgoing correspondence. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1533–1870 : Germany, various countries : High German, various languages

Relevant is series XXII, which concerns the Ofce of Skippers and includes the following items:

state archives of hamburg • • •

489

XXII. 1 (D): Privilege for the Ofce of Skippers, 1737. XXII. 2 (D): Register of the guild of skippers, including a name index, 1533–1870. XXII. 2a: Chronologically sorted copy of part of item XXII. 2, concerning the period 1533–1603, written in 1967.

Accessibility Inventory (in German) (1950), with hand-written corrections and addenda. Custodial history The records were acquired by the State Archives in two different ways. The bulk, deriving from still existing corporations, was stored for some time in the Helms-Museum to be handed over to the Archives in 1949. The second part, mainly privileges and register books, which had been kept in the registry of the magistrate since the mid-nineteenth century, were transferred to the State Archives in 1942 by way of the Ofce of Trade and the police.

Senate Record group Senate Senat Reference code Period Extent

: 111–1 : 12th–20th centuries : 1367 metres

Abstract This record group represents all departments of the earlier town administration from the Middle Ages up to 1928. The materials are divided into classes (Cl.), which are subdivided in respectively: litterae (Lit.), numbers (No.), volumes (Vol.), fascicles (Fasc.) and involucrae (Inv.), which may result in quite complex reference numbers.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1356–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : High German, Latin, various languages

Relevant materials are to be found in four classes and concern the following subjects: Cl. II: RELATIONS WITH DENMARK AND HOLSTEIN (1356–1915) • • • • • • •

No. 11: Embassies and meetings, 1700–1715. No. 12: Lawsuits between Hamburg and Denmark before the Imperial Court in Vienna, 1571–1642. No. 15: Correspondence and negotiations between Hamburg and Danish and Holstein sovereigns, districts, towns and communities, 1384–1740. No. 17: Deposits of Danish and Holstein capital with the town council and citizens of Hamburg, 1532–1738. No. 18: The dukes of Holstein, excluding the sovereign princes, 1512– 1793. No. 19: Quarrels, feuds, complaints, disturbances between Hamburg and Denmark, 1356–1700. No. 20: Altona, excluding border matters, 1591–1911.

Cl. VI: RELATIONS OF HAMBURG WITH FOREIGN POWERS This class includes papers concerning general and specic matters, including embassies and consulates, etc., often mentioning individual skippers, tolls, shipping matters, trading and shipping treaties, etc., pertaining to the following countries: • • • • •

No. No. No. No. No.

1: Hanseatic towns and foreign relations, 1369–1928. 3: States General and the Dutch Kingdom, 1571–1928. 9: Kingdom of Denmark, 1645–1928. 10: United kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, 1639–1905. 11: Russia, 1618–1928.

Cl. VII: HAMBURG MATTERS, Lit. E: TOLL MATTERS •

a: General and specic aspects of the Hamburg toll, including toll registers and minutes (eighteenth and nineteenth centuries), shipping lists sorted

state archives of hamburg

•

•

• •

491

alphabetically and chronologically (sixteenth and seventeenth centuries) and measurements of ships according to cargo (1791). b: Hamburg toll on foreign ships from Altona, Denmark, Friesland, Holland, Lübeck, Bremen, Mecklenburg and Sweden (sixteenth to twentieth centuries). c: Foreign tolls and other duties on Hamburg ships, including Oldenburg (Weser River), Danish, Norwegian, Schleswig and Holstein, Emden, Dutch, Lübeck, Mecklenburg, Polish, Swedish and Tallinn tolls (twelfth to twentieth centuries). d: Exemptions of foreign ships from Hamburg toll, from various towns and countries, sorted alphabetically (fourteenth to eighteenth centuries). e: Exemptions of Hamburg ships from foreign tolls, sorted alphabetically, including tolls at Copenhagen, Holland, Sachsen-Lauenburg, Oldesloe and Zealand (individual cases from the sixteenth to eighteenth century).

Cl. VII: HAMBURG MATTERS, Lit. K: TRADE AND SHIPPING •

• •

• • •

a: Commerce, with references to the Chamber of Trade, Deputation of Commerce and Ehrbarer Kaufmann (honourable merchants) (seventeenth to twentieth centuries), improvement of trade and shipping (sixteenth to eighteenth centuries), lists of import and export and the provisioning of ships in the harbour (1761, 1838). b: Commerce, sorted by goods (sixteenth to twentieth centuries). c: Commerce, sorted by country, including Altona (1715), Holland (1740–1772), Bremen (1612–1613, 1621, 1673), Denmark and Norway (1584–1784), Gdansk (Danzig, 1624), Flensburg (seventeenth century), Greenland (1665–1792), Holstein (1564, 1649), Iceland (1534–nineteenth century), Pomerania (1777–1792), Russia (1744, 1777, 1814, 1818), and Sweden (1830). d: Neutrality and freedom of trade, smuggled goods, Avocatoria (seventeenth to nineteenth centuries). e: Shipping and trade, general matters (sixteenth to twentieth centuries). f: Individual cases of shipwrecks (1746, 1748).

Accessibility Inventory (catalogue of Senate les), hand-written (in German), compiled at the time of acquisition, with later addenda and cross-references.

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Custodial history The les reect the original structure of the old town archives, the archives of the Council or Senate proper, which were sorted in 1727. The great re of 1842 caused considerable damage to this material as well as to the archives in general. This record group originally comprised all les from the medieval town administration, but they were rearranged separately later on (even documents from the slowly evolving departmental activities were kept here until 1870).

Treasury I Record group Treasury I Kämmerei I Reference code Period Extent

: 311–1 : (1246) 1369–1907 : 241.6 metres

Abstract The record group of the Treasury is centered around the minutes of meetings (107 volumes, from 1563–1861). These are supplemented by volumes with enclosures from 1709 onwards, registers of receipts and expenses (1563–1811), in which nancial transfers are documented by accounts, as well as contract books (sales of real estate, 1562–1861), which since 1725 have been illustrated by detailed title plans. These administrative les contain information on all aspects of public nance. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1563–1861 : Denmark, Germany, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, various languages

Relevant materials are found in various sections and concern the following subjects:

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493

MINUTES, GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE, RECORD KEEPING • • • •

13: Minutes of the Treasury, 1563–1861 (107 volumes). 14: Enclosures, with drafts of the minutes of the Treasury, 1709–1861 (80 volumes). 16: Minutes of the presidium, 1721–1811 (41 volumes). 17: Enclosures to the minutes of the presidium, 1779–1811 (23 volumes).

GENERAL FINANCE •

•

22: Registries of receipts and expenses, including account histories of all excises and tolls, legations, imperial taxation and convoys, 1563–1830 (298 volumes). 23: Documents to the registries of receipts and expenses, as well as cash and accounts books, 1679–1811 (859 volumes).

CREDIT AND DEBIT •

48, 59, 69–79: Loans to Denmark, sixteenth to eighteenth centuries.

MUNICIPAL BUILDINGS • •

140: Reminders of the Hanseatic towns of the annual accounts of the administrator of the Stalhof, 1762–1786. 141: Report on the administration of the ofce of the Hanse in Antwerp.

FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND EMBASSIES •

• •

186: Various documents, including embassies to Copenhagen, Lübeck (for the Hanse diet), Holland, Gottorf and Oldesloe, Denmark, Bremen, Harburg, Rendsburg, Stade, Stockholm, Glückstadt, Amsterdam, Nijmegen, The Hague and St. Petersburg, sixteenth to nineteenth centuries (211 volumes). 187: Lübeck Hanse diet of 1616. 188: Danish affairs, 1641.

TOLLS •

277a: Lists of cargoes of ships and declarations of the value of goods, 1648, 1657.

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280: Toll registers for departing ships, with names of skippers, 1739–1801 (7 volumes). 286: Receipts register of the transit toll on wine and spirits, 1811. 290: Extracts of council minutes concerning freedom of toll for ships using Hamburg as a harbour of refuge, 1772–1802.

ECONOMY AND TRANSACTIONS •

307: Bills of exchange from Amsterdam and Cologne drawn on the Hamburg treasury.

CONVOYS •

341: Special accounts for convoys, equipment and maintenance of ships, usually drawn up after voyages and sorted by ships and annual volumes, 1586–1747, as well as account books of all descriptions (52 volumes).

FLANDERS SKIPPERS •

Lists of skippers registered with the Flanders Trading Company, 1778– 1804.

POSTAL SERVICE • •

351, 357: Documents on the Hamburg-Lübeck postal service, 1709– 1795. 352: Amsterdam messenger, 1735–1736.

FAIRWAYS AND HARBOUR BUILDING • •

•

382, 384: Matters of buoy tenders including salvage money, 1723–1811 (25 volumes). 388: Minutes of the board of embankments (Stackdeputation), responsible for the lower course of the Elbe River and the district of Ritzebüttel/ Cuxhaven, 1775–1810 (16 volumes). 389: Minutes of the board of the Elbe, responsible for the upper course of the Elbe River and the harbour of Hamburg, 791–1809 (2 volumes).

state archives of hamburg

495

FILES FROM OTHER DEPARTMENTS • •

421: Report on the Süderelbe (southern branch of the Elbe River) and toll rights on the Elbe, c. 1600. 424: Demarcation works on the Elbe River and in Stillhorn, 1646, 1649.

Accessibility Inventory (in German) (1956). Record creator / provenance By resolution of the town council and the citizens’ representation in 1563, the supervision of the Treasury was transferred from the council to a board of eight (ten from 1685) members of the Treasury, which were chosen by the citizens’ representation. The Treasury was charged with the superintendence of all municipal nances, for which reason it was represented by a delegate on most deputations (departmental governing boards). Custodial history The record group was completely rearranged with total disregard for earlier sorting efforts. Corresponding material in the record group of “Senate” (reference code 111–1) was left in that collection, while some records from other departments have remained in this record group. As there were no earlier inventories, possible losses during the French occupation or the great re of 1842 cannot be ascertained anymore. Related materials • •

Board of Admiralty (reference code: 371–2); in particular section F 12. Senate (reference code: 111–1); Class VII, Lit. K, concerning trade and shipping.

Publications •

•

Bohnsack, Hans Joachim, Die Finanzverwaltung der Stadt Hamburg. Ihre Geschichte von den Anfängen bis zum Ersten Weltkrieg (Hamburg, 1992). Sammlung der Hamburgischen Gesetze und Verfassungen, Part 2 (1766), pp. 401–558.

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Voigt, Friedrich, Der Haushalt der Stadt Hamburg 1601–1650 (Hamburg, 1916). Zeiger, Karl, Hamburgs Finanzen von 1563–1650 (Hamburg, 1936).

Water Bailiff Record group Water Bailiff Wasserschout Reference code Period Extent

: 373–1 : 1691–1873 : 8.3 metres

Abstract The archives of the Wasserschout (water bailiff) consist mainly of serial records. Mustering records have survived only from 1760 onwards. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1760–1845 : Germany, various countries : High German, various languages

Relevant series include the following: •

• •

I: Enrollments, consisting of enrollment records of all ships with indexes of ships, destinations and skippers, 1760–1845, and of crew registers for all ships with indexes of sailors enrolled in Hamburg, 1796–1857. II: Payment records for Hamburg and foreign sailing ships, 1792–1845, with indexes, 1814–1831. III: Records of deaths and administration of seamen’s estates (register designated as “copy book of various events and death certicates”), 1768–1831.

Accessibility Inventory (hand-written, in German), with addenda.

main state archives of hannover

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Record creator / provenance Since 1691 the ofce of the Wasserschout was charged with accepting and recording the enrolment and payment of seamen in Hamburg. From these registrations, it compiled crew lists complete with information on seamen’s wages. It had to survey the qualications of applicants, make sure that seamen showed up for duty on time and settle quarrels between sailors. It also registered births and deaths on Hamburg ships and accepted complaints. In 1873 the introduction of the Seamen’s Regulation of the Reich (Reichsseemannsordnung) abolished the ofce of the Wasserschout, its tasks being transferred to the Hamburg Seamen’s Ofce. Copies Part of the record group has been lmed and is available from the photo archives (nos. 741–4).

LOWER SAXONY STATE ARCHIVES – MAIN STATE ARCHIVES OF HANNOVER Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv – Hauptstaatsarchiv Hannover Hannover www.hauptstaatsarchiv-hannover.niedersachsen.de

Foreign Powers: Eastern European Principalities Record group Foreign Powers: Eastern European Principalities Auswärtige Mächte: Osteuropäische Fürstentümer Reference code : Celle Br. 17 Period : 1542–1714 Extent : 37 units, 0.9 metres

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Abstract The record group comprises the correspondence of the court of Celle (northeast of Hannover) with principalities in eastern Europe, such as Prussia, Livonia, Courland, Moscow and Transsylvania. Under the heading “Prussia”, actually meant for correspondence with the High Masters of the Teutonic Order only, some material concerning the Electorate of Brandenburg and the Kingdom of Prussia is also to be found. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1557–1693 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden : High German

Relevant materials include the following items: •

•

•

• •

• • •

6: File concerning Prussia and Livonia, Poland, the Teutonic Order and Moscow, including a copy of the treaty between Sweden and the town of Lübeck concluded at Roskilde in 1568, which conrms the privileges and ratication of the peaceful relations between Sweden and Lübeck. 18: Several copies on the renewed settlement of altercations in Livonia between the army chief Wilhelm and Archbishop Wilhelm of Riga, 1557. 20: Missives of King Gustav Adolf of Sweden to Duke Friedrich and the estates of Livonia and Courland concerning reporting for service and homage, 1621. 22: Letter of Bishop Magnus of Czelwieck, Courland and Tallinn to Duke Wilhelm the younger of Brunswick-Lüneburg, 1564. 24: Private correspondence with the Dukes of Courland, including news from Courland, seasonal greetings and gifts of hunting trophies, 1581–1662. 26: Papers concerning the arrival and visit of Duke Wilhelm of Courland at the court of the Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg, 1599. 29: Papers regarding the Royal Polish Commission against Duke Wilhelm of Courland concerning the complaints of his estates, 1615. 31: Papers regarding news communicated by Duke Otto of BrunswickLüneburg concerning the atrocities of Johann Basilowitz (Ivan IV. the Terrible), Grand Prince of Moscow; and news from Antwerp, Venice and Kassel concerning the general state of political affairs in Europe, 1566–1577.

main state archives of hannover •

•

• • •

499

32: Correspondence between Duke Wilhelm the younger in Celle and Duke Otto in Harburg concerning the legation to the Grand Prince of Moscow decreed by the Reichstag in Speyer and Regensburg, and the charging of the aforesaid Duke Otto with this legation, 1577. 33: Petition of Duke Magnus of Livonia, Duke of Holstein, through his councillor Johann Behre to Duke Wilhelm in Celle concerning the enmity risen between himself and his brother, the King of Denmark, over the Muscovite affairs, 1579. 34: Inventory of the gifts presented to Duke Johann of Denmark by the Grand Prince of Moscow on his arrival at Narva, 1603. 36: Papers regarding the issue of a passport for the envoys of the Grand Prince of Moscow to the court of France, 1681. 37: Correspondence of Duke Georg Wilhelm in Celle and his secret councillors with other estates of the Reich concerning the import of Polish, Muscovite and other foreign grain into the Reich, 1681–1693.

Accessibility Inventory (in German) (1949); electronic inventory (with index) available at: www.aidaonline.niedersachsen.de. The record group has been completely microlmed. Record creator / provenance The collection of Celle Letters (Celle Briefschaften / Celle Br.) contains all les produced by the administration of the principality of Lüneburg from the Middle Ages until 1705. From the secession of the principality of Calenberg in 1409–1429, the Lüneburg-Celle territory did not change much until its reunication with Calenberg in 1705. As Lüneburg-Celle could claim rst rank among the many branches of the Brunswick-Lüneburg territory, it was here that some sort of a foreign policy was being conducted, and consequently les on foreign affairs are mainly to be found in the Celle repository. Custodial history The record group was kept together with all other les of the Ducal administration in a cellar vault of the chancellery in the Celle castle. After the unication of the principalities of Lüneburg and Calenberg in 1705, the les were transferred together with the government agencies to Hannover, where they have been kept since.

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Related materials • • • •

Matters of War (reference code: Celle Br. 13). Foreign Powers: Kingdoms (reference code: Celle Br. 16). Brandenburg (reference code: Celle Br. 20). Home and Foreign Towns (reference code: Celle Br. 101).

Foreign Powers: Holland Record group Foreign Powers: Holland Auswärtige Mächte: Holland Reference code : Celle Br. 91 Period : 1540–1744 Extent : 142 units Abstract The record group contains material concerning the relations between the Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg and the Netherlands (States General), especially during the period of the Dutch struggle for independence and the wars of the second half of the seventeenth century. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1665–1680 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands : High German

The papers contain extensive correspondence with the Brunswick agents resident in The Hague from the period 1665–1680, and include instructions by the Dukes and the Secret Council, and reports sent by the residents. Accessibility Inventory (in German) (1950); also available online at: www.aidaonline. niedersachsen.de.

main state archives of hannover

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Record creator / provenance The collection of Celle Letters (Celle Briefschaften / Celle Br.) contains all les produced by the administration of the principality of Lüneburg from the Middle Ages until 1705. From the secession of the principality of Calenberg in 1409–1429, the Lüneburg-Celle territory did not change much until its reunication with Calenberg in 1705. As Lüneburg-Celle could claim rst rank among the many branches of the Brunswick-Lüneburg territory, it was here that some sort of a foreign policy was being conducted, and consequently les on foreign affairs are mainly to be found in the Celle repository. Custodial history The les derive from the correspondence of the Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Celle with the Netherlands and in particular with their agents resident in The Hague. The record group was kept together with all other les of the Ducal administration in a cellar vault of the chancellery in the Celle castle. After the unication of the principalities of Lüneburg and Calenberg in 1705, the les were transferred together with the government agencies to Hannover, where they have been kept since.

Foreign Towns, i.a. Rostock Record group Foreign Towns, i.a. Rostock Auswärtige Städte, u.a. Rostock Reference code : Celle Br. 100 Period : 1565–1702 Extent : 16 items Abstract These papers concern the relations of the princedom of Lüneburg (located in modern-day Lower Saxony) with some towns outside the princedom, including Rostock. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1681–1682 : Germany, Sweden : High German

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Item no. 6 deals with negotiations in connection with a Swedish warship blocking the Warnow River at Rostock, the captain of which demanded a lastage (Lastgeld) from the ships passing by. Accessibility Finding aid, designated as: Celle Br. 100 (1973); See also: www.aidaonline. niedersachsen.de. Publications •

Haase, Carl, and Walter Deeters, Übersicht über die Bestände des Niedersächsischen Staatsarchivs in Hannover, Vol. 1 (Göttingen, 1965), p. 163.

Reich Enforcement against Mecklenburg Record group Reich Enforcement against Mecklenburg Mecklenburgische Exekution Reference code : Hann. 9g Period : 1703–1786 Extent : 1795 units Abstract This record group contains the les of the Reich Enforcement against the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, the subsequent administration of the territory as well as the Mecklenburg mortgage. It derives from the activities of the Secret Council (Geheimer Rat), which until the nineteenth century was charged with the day-to-day running of foreign affairs, while the more important matters were decided by the German Chancellery in London. The Secret Council’s activities particularly encompassed all correspondence with envoys, emissaries and other public servants outside the Hannover territory proper. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1710–1729 : Germany, Sweden : High German

main state archives of hannover

503

Relevant items include the following: •

•

•

360: Complaints of the gentry with possessions around the Baltic Sea to the Swedish Crown about the collection of licent dues and excise by the town of Wismar, 1729. 1429: Papers concerning the infringement on the rights of wreck of the Dukes of Mecklenburg through the sale and transport of wood by two Lübeck merchants across the Baltic Sea to Lübeck, 1727–1728. 1639: Papers concerning the negotiations on the abolition of the Warnemünde toll, including: relation of events of the quarrels between Sweden and the Dukes of Mecklenburg about the Warnemünde toll; printed pamphlet on the Warnemünde toll (“Rechtsbegründete Rationes . . .”), 1710; printed memo by the Mecklenburg gentry, the territorial estates and the town of Rostock to the sub-delegation in Rostock on the abolition of the Warnemünde toll, 1719.

Accessibility Electronic inventory (in German); available at: www.aidaonline.niedersachsen.de. Record creator / provenance During the seventeenth century, the Secret Council in Calenberg / Hannover had become a group of peers for the purpose of discussing central matters of state and policy. It remained, however, more dependent on the person of the sovereign (who often personally partook in its deliberations) than in other German states. After 1714, under the conditions of the Personal Union between Hannover and the United Kingdom, the Council lost immediate access to the monarch, as from then onwards all business had to pass through the German Chancellery in London. Henceforth, the Secret Council was in charge of the running of the day-to-day administration, while all matters of importance had to be referred to London. The Secret Council had, however, certain extraordinary faculties in the case of an acute crisis. After the upheavals of the Napoleonic era, it was reorganised in 1816. After the end of the Personal Union in 1837, it was replaced in 1839 by the Council of State as the new royal government. Custodial history In the course of the Reich Enforcement against Duke Karl Leopold and his dictatorial rule in Mecklenburg-Schwerin, troops by both Guelph principalities of Hannover and Brunswick occupied the territory in 1719. As the Duke

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could not be dislodged altogether but held on to his castle of Dömitz, the occupation dragged on for years. In 1728 Duke Karl Leopold was formally deposed and replaced by his younger brother Christian Ludwig II. Hostilities and the occupation did not come to an end until the death of Karl Leopold in 1747. As during these 28 years, Mecklenburg-Schwerin was effectively administered by Hannover, the resulting les were kept by the Secret Council. While most of the Council’s les were sorted alphabetically by subject, some materials, which did not t into the ordering system, were kept separately, including the Mecklenburg Enforcement matters. Between 1817 and 1834, these papers were transferred to the State Archives in Hannover and for some time joined with the les of the German Chancellery, which were just being returned from London. When at the end of the nineteenth century sorting by provenance was introduced as a ruling principle in the Hannover archives, the documents of the Mecklenburg Enforcement (and others) were appended to the old Secret Council les (reference code: Hann. 9) to restore that registry as far as possible. As the bulk of the Secret Council les was destroyed during World War II, these les will have to stand on their own. Related materials •

German Chancellery (reference code: Hann. 92).

Publications •

•

“Report on a conference on the 250th anniversary of the Mecklenburg Succession Agreement of 1755, held at Rostock university on April 22nd/23rd, 2005”, at: hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de/tagungsberichte/ id=767. Wick, Peter, Versuche zur Errichtung des Absolutismus in Mecklenburg in der ersten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des deutschen Territorialabsolutismus (Berlin, 1964).

main state archives of hannover

505

Toll Matters Record group Toll Matters Zollangelegenheiten Reference code : Celle Br. 63 Period : 1517–1702 Extent : 55 units Abstract The record group contains materials on all aspects of tolls in the Duchy of Lüneburg, from the central administration to the account rolls of the various toll stations to the granting of immunities to individual merchants. These papers concern land tolls as well as water tolls, particularly on the Weser and Elbe Rivers. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1584–1701 : Germany : High German

Relevant items include the following: • • • •

• •

8: Inventory of all tolls in the Duchy of Lüneburg, sixteenth century. 11: Papers concerning the improvement of trade on the Weser River and, consequently, the Weser toll, 1584–1585. 13: Papers concerning the introduction of new tolls by the Dukes of Jülich, Brunswik-Lüneburg and the town of Hamburg, 1584–1587. 26–28/2: Papers concerning the introduction of a new toll on the Elbe River at Bullenhausen by Duke Wilhelm of Brunswik-Lüneburg, 1609–1627. 35: Toll registers drawn up at Hitzacker (Elbe) and Hoya (Weser), 1664–1683. 36–39: Papers concerning toll matters on the Elbe and Weser Rivers, 1672–1701.

Accessibility Inventory (in German) (1950); also available online at: www.aidaonline. niedersachsen.de.

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Record creator / provenance The collection of Celle Letters (Celle Briefschaften / Celle Br.) contains all les produced by the administration of the principality of Lüneburg from the Middle Ages until 1705. From the secession of the principality of Calenberg in 1409–1429, the Lüneburg-Celle territory did not change much until its reunication with Calenberg in 1705. As Lüneburg-Celle could claim rst rank among the many branches of the Brunswick-Lüneburg territory, it was here that some sort of a foreign policy was being conducted, and consequently les on foreign affairs are mainly to be found in the Celle repository. Custodial history The les derive from the administration of toll matters by the Secret Council in Celle and the accompanying correspondence. The record group was kept together with all other les of the Ducal administration in a cellar vault of the chancellery in Celle castle. After the unication of the principalities of Lüneburg and Calenberg in 1705, the les were transferred together with the government agencies to Hannover, where they have been kept since. Copies The record group has been completely microlmed. Publications •

Graewe, Richard, Die zweihundertjährige Geschichte der Elb-ZollFregatte zu Brunshausen und ihrer Kommandanten 1650–1850 (Einzelschriften des Stader Geschichts- und Heimatvereins, 17) (Stade, 1963).

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MUNICIPAL ARCHIVES KIEL Stadtarchiv Kiel Kiel www.kiel.de/kultur/stadtarchiv/start.php

Department of Bridges – Harbour Commission Record group Department of Bridges – Harbour Commission Brückendepartment – Hafenkommission Reference code : Protokolle XI Period : 1728–1910 Extent : 11 units Abstract The record group consists of minutes of cases brought before the Harbour Commission of the Kiel Department of Bridges. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1728–1808 : Germany, various countries : High German

Relevant items include: • • • •

Kiel bridge minutes, 1728–1739. Kiel bridge minutes, 1756–1784. Supplements to the bridge minutes, 1756–1784. Minutes of the department of bridges and the bridges court, 1784– 1808.

Accessibility Inventory (in German), also listing the other registers of the Municipal Archives (1921).

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Foreign Archives / Bequests Record group Foreign Archives / Bequests Fremde Archive / Nachlässe Reference code : XVI/25 Period : 1597–1759 Extent : 3 units Abstract The record group comprises documents bequeathed to the repository by private persons. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1597–1759 : Estonia, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden : High German, Low German

Relevant items include an account book of the Kiel-based trader Ulrich Bödeker, called “Scrivers” (2 vols.), dating from 1597–1610, and a settlement book of the owners of the ship Cathrina Margaretha, from the years 1743–1759. Accessibility Inventory of the les of the historical archives of the town of Kiel (in German) (1991). In addition, there is a card index of the les, which is being entered into a database. Publications •

•

Kleyser, Friedrich, “Ulrich Bödeker, ein Kieler Kaufmann um 1600”, in: Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Kieler Stadtgeschichte, 53 (1962), pp. 217–233. Krauß, Oliver, “Kiel um 1600: Kaufmännische Tätigkeit und Korrespondenz am Beispiel des Kaufmanns Ulrich Bödeker” (unpublished magisterial thesis, University of the Bundeswehr Hamburg) (Hamburg, 1994).

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Harbour Accounts Record group Harbour Accounts Hafenrechnungen Reference code Period Extent

: not applicable : 1776–1894 : c. 13 metres

Abstract The record group comprises accounts concerning revenue and expenditure of the Kiel harbour. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1776–1800 : Germany : High German

Eight harbour books with accounts are relevant with regard to the Baltic Sea trade and shipping during the period in question. Accessibility The provisional inventory (in German) of the Kiel municipal accounts, 1683–1899, contains an addendum that lists the Kiel harbour accounts, 1776–1893/94.

Port Authority Record group Port Authority Hafenverwaltung Reference code Period Extent

: VIII a : 1555–1960 : 85 units

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Abstract The record group consists of les originating from the port authorities of Kiel. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1562–1800 : Denmark, Germany, Latvia, Russia, Sweden, various countries : High German, Low German, various languages

Relevant items include the following: •

•

• • •

•

•

•

•

1: Papers concerning general matters, 1607–1873, including appointments of supervisors of bridges, les of the department of bridges, and documents regarding safe-conduct. 3: Public announcements, decrees, papers pertaining to the harbour police, and bridge regulations, 1562–1868, including documents regarding the collection of bridge tolls, terms of harbour and bridge regulations, beach rules, the harbour police, and rules for the crews of ships in Kiel harbour. 6: Papers concerning the building and leasing of harbour berths, 1740– 1782. 16: Sea letters, certicates for ships and commodities (including Bielbriefe), and ship patents, (1675) 1761–1867. 17: Papers concerning ferries, steamer routes, coastal shipping, and other vessels, 1742–1847, including documents regarding steamship lines for the transportation of passengers and goods between Kiel, St. Petersburg and Copenhagen. 20: Papers concerning the bridges court, 1700–1791, including documents regarding investigations and trials by the bridges court on cases of privateering, smuggling, falsication of bills of lading, complaints against regulations, and taxation of ships. 21: Bridge regulations and harbour dues, 1562–1872, including documents regarding export restrictions, collection of bridge tolls, and customs regulations. 22: Harbour statistics, 1777–1847, including lists of inward and outward bound ships with specication of tonnage, and lists of ships registered in Kiel. 23: Legal disputes, 1563–1777, including offences against rules for importation and exportation, and against shing regulations.

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24: Papers concerning harbour privileges, 1738–1754, including offences against bridge regulations. 28: Weights and measures, 1640–1872.

Accessibility Inventory of the les of the historical archives of the town of Kiel (in German) (1991). Description of les by card-index (presently being entered into a database).

ARCHIVES OF THE HANSEATIC TOWN OF LÜBECK Archiv der Hansestadt Lübeck Lübeck www.archiv.luebeck.de

Collections: Manuscripts Record group Collections: Manuscripts Sammlungen: Handschriften Reference code : Hs 752 Period : 1200–up to the present Extent : 45 metres Abstract This collection comprises all kinds of manuscripts including both ofcial and private records, such as chronicles, codices, law papers, maps, regulations, certicates, journals and decrees.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1455–1514 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, various countries : Latin, Low German, various languages

Of particular interest is the Codex ordaliorum lubecensium. It contains 335 calls of appeal to Lübeck’s Court from towns all over the Baltic Sea region that applied Lübeck law, in particular Tallinn (Reval). Accessibility Inventory (in German), by C.F. Wehrmann (second half nineteenth century). The record group is currently being renumbered. Publications • • •

Ebel, Wilhelm, “Vorbemerkung”, in: Lübecker Ratsurteile, Vol. 1 (Göttingen, 1955). Ebel, Wilhelm, Lübisches Recht, Vol. 1 (Lübeck, 1971), pp. 103–127, 217. Michelsen, Andreas Ludwig Jacob, Der ehemalige Oberhof zu Lübeck (Altona, 1839); including 255 printed (but often wrongly edited) cases.

Company Archives Record group Company Archives Geschäfts- und Firmenarchive Reference code : not applicable Period : 1421–2003 Extent : 90 metres Abstract The record group of Geschäfts- und Firmenarchive (company archives) comprises records concerning individual merchants and companies, including correspondence, account books and other materials, such as designs for shipbuilding and delivery lists, mainly from the nineteenth century. The classication in the sections “Lübeck’s merchants: individual company

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correspondence between Lübeck and the Baltic provinces”, “Lübeck’s merchants: company correspondence” and “Lübeck’s merchants: unknown merchants”, does not apply to the total record group, which in particular consists of individual merchant’s records. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1507–1764 : Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Russia, Sweden, various countries : High German, Russian, Swedish, various languages

Relevant materials include correspondence between merchants, receipts, account and secret books, and are mostly structured by merchant names: • •

•

• • •

•

•

Anton von Cölln. Including: * Secret book, 1682–1702, probably concerning Livonia. Johann Füchting. Including: * 21: Receipts, 1605–1637. * 40: Debentures, 1620–1636. Johann Glandorp. Including: * 1: Debentures and bills of exchange, 1582–1612. * 2: Invoices, 1610–1613. * 25: Debt ledger no. 4, 1607–1609. Christoph Hauer. Including: * Correspondence from Stralsund and Stockholm to Kiel, 1670–1674. Wolter von Holsten. Including: * 2, 3: Account books, 1572–1578, concerning Riga. Lübeck’s merchants I: Individual company correspondence between Lübeck and the Baltic provinces. Including: * 17 items: Company correspondence from 1507 between merchants in Lübeck and the Baltic provinces, concerning Tallinn (Reval), Riga and Tartu (Dorpat). Lübeck’s merchants: Unknown merchants. Including: * Account book of an unknown merchant’s assistant in Bergen, including a name index, 1723–1746 (folios 6–93, 123, 132, 138, 139, 188, 218–290 are missing). Christoph Hinrich Mangold (tobacconist). Including: * Copies of correspondence about the tobacco trade to Stralsund, 1728–1731. * Correspondence of his widow, 1736, 1738.

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•

Nölting & Sons. Including: * 4: Correspondence with other merchants and skippers, 1761–1764, concerning Gdansk (Danzig), Rostock, St. Petersburg, Pärnu, Narva, Liepaja and Riga. • Hermann Schloter. Including: * Account books, 1603–1608, concerning Bergen. Accessibility Inventory, “Geschäfts- und Firmenarchive” (in German). Single records in this record group are not yet registered. Custodial history A major part of this record group belonged to the large quantity of archival material that was removed partly or completely from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. The material was not completely returned to Lübeck in 1987 and the 1990s. The custodial history of much of the material in the record group is unknown. The convolute of Christoph Hinrich Mangold was acquired in 1975, whereafter the originally unknown merchant was identied as Mangold with help of the customs lists. The cash ledger the convolute Nölting & Sons (initially called Nölting only) was acquired in 1951; the account books followed in 1974 and 1975 and two boxes with correspondence were transferred in 1976. Related materials • •

Foundations: Small Foundations (Stiftungen: Kleinere Stiftungen): particulary the Füchting, Glandorp and Holsten archives. Family Archives (Familienarchive).

Publications •

•

Kaplan, Marie-Louise, “Wolter von Holsten marchand lubeckois dans la seconde moitie du seizième siècle: contribution a l’étude des relations commerciales entre Lübeck et les villes livoniennes”, in: Quellen und Darstellungen zur hansischen Geschichte, New Series, Vol. 25 (Cologne, 1981). Pelus-Kaplan, Marie-Louise, “Zu einer Geschichte der Buchhaltung im hansischen Bereich: die Handelsbücher der Lübecker Kaueute vom Anfang des 16. bis zum Ende des 17. Jahrhunderts”, in: Zeitschrift des Vereins für Lübeckische Geschichte und Altertumskunde, 74 (1994), pp. 31–45.

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Pelus-Kaplan, Marie Louise, “Archive Hansischer Kaueute aus dem 16. und 17. Jahrhundert”, in: Jochen Hoock und Wilfried Reininghaus (eds.), Untersuchungen zur Wirtschafts-, Sozial- und Technikgeschichte Band 16. Kaueute in Europa. Handelshäuser und ihre Überlieferung in vor- und frühindustrieller Zeit (Gesellschaft für Westfälische Wirtschaftsgeschichte e.V.) (Dortmund, 1997), pp. 25–34.

External Affairs: Charters—Brandenburg Record group External Affairs: Charters—Brandenburg Auswärtige Beziehungen: Urkunden—Brandenburgica Reference code : not applicable Period : 1252–1702 Extent : 77 items Abstract The Urkunden (charters) comprise 20000 records covering 80 metres, which are inconsistently structured in geographical and topical record groups. The section of external affairs includes 28 record groups, mainly structured geographically. The record group of Brandenburgica contains papers about trade and other relations with Brandenburg, inheritances and conventions. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1454–1702 : Germany, various countries : High German, Low German, various languages

Relevant materials (arranged by subject) concern the following periods: TOWNS AND TOWNSMEN •

72, 74–76: 1508–1525.

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MERCHANTS AND TOWNSMEN (RECEIPTS, LAWSUITS, DEMANDS FOR PAYMENT, INHERITANCES) •

67–68a, 69–69a, 70–71a, 73, 77: 1454–1702.

Accessibility Card index (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival material that was removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. The material was only partly sent back to Lübeck in 1990. The charters and contracts were originally stored in the Trese (chamber room) of Saint Mary’s Church in 1298. Copies The materials have been put on microlm and are currently being digitised. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: External Files (ASA Externa Akten).

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External Affairs: Charters—Confederations Record group External Affairs: Charters—Confederations Auswärtige Beziehungen: Urkunden—Confoederationes Reference code : not applicable Period : 1255–1630 Extent : 55 items Abstract The Urkunden (charters) comprise 20000 records covering 80 metres, which are inconsistently structured in geographical and topical record groups. The section of external affairs includes 28 record groups, mainly structured geographically. The record group of Confoederationes contains papers about the confederations of the Hanseatic towns. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1402–1616 : Denmark, Poland, Sweden, various countries : Low German, various languages

Relevant materials (arranged by subject) concern the following locations: SOVEREIGNS •

29, 37, 40a, 44, 52: Holland, Zeeland, Friesland, Wendish towns, Gdansk (Danzig), Sweden, Burgundy, Denmark and Mecklenburg, 1510–1616.

TOWNS AND TOWNSMEN •

23–25, 28, 28a, 32, 33, 36, 42, 54: Wendish towns, 1402–1604.

Accessibility Card index (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen,

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chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival material that was removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. The material was only partly sent back to Lübeck in 1987 and the 1990s. The charters and contracts were originally stored in the Trese (chamber room) of Saint Mary’s Church in 1298. Copies The materials have been put on microlm and are currently being digitised. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: External Files (ASA Externa Akten).

Publications Editions and synopses of the items 23–25, 28, 28a, 32, 29, 37 and 40a can be found in: • • •

Hanserecesse, I, 5, III, 5–6 (Leipzig, 1870–1899). Hansisches Urkundenbuch, Vol. 11 (Munich, 1916). Urkundenbuch der Stadt Lübeck / Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis, Vols. 5–9 (Lübeck, 1883–1893).

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External Affairs: Charters—Denmark Record group External Affairs: Charters—Denmark Auswärtige Beziehungen: Urkunden—Danica Reference code : not applicable Period : 1202–1865 Extent : 334 items Abstract The Urkunden (charters) comprise 20000 records covering 80 metres, which are inconsistently structured in geographical and topical record groups. The section of external affairs includes 28 record groups, mainly structured geographically. The record group of Danica contains papers about trade and other relations with Denmark, inheritances and conventions. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1425–1773 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Sweden, various countries : Danish, High German, Low German, Swedish, various languages

Relevant materials (arranged by subject) concern the following subjects and locations: SOVEREIGNS •

• • •

188, 190–193a–c, 196–198, 201, 219, 243–243b, 244, 264, 293–293a: Wreckage, escorts, concerning Wendish towns, Visby and Gotland, 1425–1524. 194, 199, 200, 202, 204–208, 215, 241, 267, 304, 306: Conrmation of privileges, 1428–1560. 209–213, 216, 218, 220–225, 230: Peace negotiations with Poland, 1458–1469. 228, 231, 233, 234, 237, 245, 246, 250, 252, 265, 268, 269, 271–275, 277–290, 294–296a, 300, 301, 305, 307, 308, 310–312: Trade, tolls, imports, demands for payment, concerning Mecklenburg, Sweden, the Sound and Holland, 1465–1773.

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TOWNS AND TOWNSMEN (REQUESTS OF SAILORS) •

189, 196a: Rostock, Stralsund and Wismar, 1426–1432.

MERCHANTS AND TOWNSMEN (AVERAGE, ARRESTS, DEMANDS FOR PAYMENT, NEGOTIATIONS, INDEMNIFICATIONS) •

195, 214, 217, 226, 227, 229, 235, 250a, 251a, 255–257b, 258–258d, 259–262, 271a, 303b–c, 309a–b: Tallinn (Reval), Bornholm and Riga, 1429–1513.

Accessibility Card index (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival material that was removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. The material was only partly sent back to Lübeck in 1987 and the 1990s. The charters and contracts were originally stored in the Trese (chamber room) of Saint Mary’s Church in 1298.

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Copies The materials have been put on microlm and are currently being digitised. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: External Files (ASA Externa Akten).

Publications Editions and synopses of various items can be found in: • • •

Hanserecesse, I–III (Leipzig, 1877–1913). Hansisches Urkundenbuch (Leipzig, 1899, Munich, 1916). Urkundenbuch der Stadt Lübeck / Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis, (Lübeck, 1871–1905).

External Affairs: Charters—England Record group External Affairs: Charters—England Auswärtige Beziehungen: Urkunden—Anglicana Reference code : not applicable Period : 1237–1847 Extent : 403 items Abstract The Urkunden (charters) comprise 20000 records covering 80 metres, which are inconsistently structured in geographical and topical record groups. The section of external affairs includes 28 record groups, mainly structured geographically. The record group of Anglicana contains mainly papers about trade affairs (in particular near the Sound), the steal-yard in London and conrmations of privileges. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1440–1689 : Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Poland, the Netherlands, various countries : English, High German, Low German, various languages

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Relevant materials (arranged by subject) concern the following locations: SOVEREIGNS (CONFIRMATION OF PRIVILEGES, BRANCH OFFICES, CONTRACTS, PAYMENTS, ESCORTS, TOLLS AND SUPPLEMENTARY CUSTOMS, MIGRATION) •

128a–b, 130–130a, 133, 137, 151–158, 161, 162, 166, 167a–b, 169–175, 176b, 178, 181, 194–198, 202, 208, 209, 213, 252, 255, 258, 260, 272–275, 279, 281–283, 285, 286, 316, 317: Rostock, Stralsund, Wismar, Bergen and Livonia, 1442–1664.

TOWNS AND TOWNSMEN (PAYMENTS, NEGOTIATIONS) •

149, 168, 176, 176a, 176c-h, 177, 179–179a, 182, 183, 185, 186, 188–191, 211, 263, 266, 280, 293, 299: Amsterdam, Flanders, Gdansk (Danzig), Torun (Thorn), Deventer, Zwolle, Greifswald, Anklam and Stralsund, 1461–1600.

MERCHANTS AND TOWNSMEN (PRIVATEERS, ARRESTS, INHERITANCES, TOLLS) •

125–126a, 155a–b, 212, 215, 217, 219, 221–224, 226–230, 232–236, 238–243, 245–251, 254, 267–268, 273a, 274a, 297a, 317a: The Sound, Wismar, Rostock and Stralsund, 1440–1689.

Accessibility Card index (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the

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civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival material that was removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. The material was only partly sent back to Lübeck in 1987 and the 1990s. The charters and contracts were originally stored in the Trese (chamber room) of Saint Mary’s Church in 1298. Copies The materials have been put on microlm and are currently being digitised. Related materials • Old Senate’s Archives: External Files (ASA Externa Akten). Publications Editions and synopses of various items can be found in: • • • •

Hanserecesse, I–III (Leipzig, 1877–1913). Hansisches Urkundenbuch (Leipzig, 1899, Munich, 1916). Lappenberg, J.M., Urkundliche Geschichte des Hansischen Stahlhofes zu London (Osnabrück, 1967). Urkundenbuch der Stadt Lübeck / Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis (Lübeck, 1871–1905).

External Affairs: Charters—Friesland Record group External Affairs: Charters—Friesland Auswärtige Beziehungen: Urkunden—Frisica Reference code : not applicable Period : 1329–1587 Extent : 37 items

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Abstract The Urkunden (charters) comprise 20000 records covering 80 metres, which are inconsistently structured in geographical and topical record groups. The section of external affairs includes 28 record groups, mainly structured geographically. The record group of Frisica contains papers about trade with and in Friesland, regulations on letters of recommendation and diplomacy. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1422–1587 : Germany, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, Low German, various languages

Relevant materials (arranged by subject) concern the following locations: SOVEREIGNS (TRADE, ESCORTS, LETTERS OF RECOMMENDATION) •

30, 35: Bergen, 1452–1518.

TOWNS AND TOWNSMEN (SALES OF SHIPS, PRIVATEERS) •

29, 32, 36, 37: Amsterdam and Kiel, 1422–1587.

Accessibility Card index (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of

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the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival material that was removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. The material was only partly sent back to Lübeck in 1990. The charters and contracts were originally stored in the Trese (chamber room) of Saint Mary’s Church in 1298. Copies The materials have been put on microlm and are currently being digitised. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: External Files (ASA Externa Akten).

Publications Editions of items 30 and 32 can be found in: • •

Hanserecesse, I–III (Leipzig, 1877–1913). Urkundenbuch der Stadt Lübeck / Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis (Lübeck, 1871–1905).

External Affairs: Charters—Holstein Record group External Affairs: Charters—Holstein Auswärtige Beziehungen: Urkunden—Holsatica Reference code : not applicable Period : 1189–1868 Extent : 456 items Abstract The Urkunden (charters) comprise 20000 records covering 80 metres, which are inconsistently structured in geographical and topical record groups. The

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section of external affairs includes 28 record groups, mainly structured geographically. The record group of Holsatica contains papers about trade and other relations with Holstein and Denmark. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1442–1712 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, various countries : Danish, High German, Low German

Relevant materials (arranged by subject) concern the following locations: SOVEREIGNS (PAYMENTS, ESCORTS, QUARTERING, FEDERATIONS) •

353a, 355–357, 360, 363, 366, 367, 370, 372–377, 380, 383, 383a, 386, 386a, 389, 391, 395, 395a–b, 399–403, 405, 407, 411–416, 420, 421, 423a–b, 426–429, 433d, 434, 435: Gdansk (Danzig) and Copenhagen, 1454–1712.

TOWNS AND TOWNSMEN (ARRESTS, PRIVATEERS) •

357b, 357c–358, 362b, 381b: Kiel, Gdansk and Flensburg, 1461– 1470.

MERCHANTS AND TOWNSMEN (TRADE, PAYMENTS) •

350–351a, 353, 433i: Lübeck, Stralsund and Kiel, 1442–1606.

Accessibility Card index (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

527

Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival material that was removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. The material was only partly sent back to Lübeck in 1987 and the 1990s. The charters and contracts were originally stored in the Trese (chamber room) of Saint Mary’s Church in 1298. Copies The materials have been put on microlm and are currently being digitised. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: External Files (ASA Externa Akten).

Publications Editions of various items can be found in: • •

Hansisches Urkundenbuch (Leipzig, 1899, Munich, 1916). Urkundenbuch der Stadt Lübeck / Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis (Lübeck, 1871–1905).

External Affairs: Charters—Livonia and Estonia Record group External Affairs: Charters—Livonia and Estonia Auswärtige Beziehungen: Urkunden—Livonica-Estonica Reference code : not applicable Period : 1227–1702 Extent : 161 items

528

germany

Abstract The Urkunden (charters) comprise 20000 records covering 80 metres, which are inconsistently structured in geographical and topical record groups. The section of external affairs includes 28 record groups, mainly structured geographically. The record group of Livonica-Estonica contains papers about trade and other relations with Livonia and Estonia, inheritances and conventions between towns and merchants. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1412–1720 : Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Low German, various languages

Relevant materials (arranged by subject) concern the following locations: SOVEREIGNS (ESCORTS, DEMANDS FOR PAYMENT, CONTRACTS) •

136, 143, 149: Tallinn (Reval), Riga, Mecklenburg and England, 1456– 1500.

TOWNS AND TOWNSMEN (OBLIGATIONS, INHERITANCES, AVERAGE, PAYMENTS, ARRESTS) •

121, 122a, 123a–128, 131–134, 142, 152, 160, 161: Tallinn, Tartu (Dorpat), Riga, Ösel (Saaremaa), Bruges, Novgorod and Kiel, 1412–1607.

MERCHANTS AND TOWNSMEN (INHERITANCES, ARRESTS, LETTERS OF RECOMMENDATION, ACCOMMODATION) •

122, 123, 129, 130, 135, 137–138, 143a–144e, 145, 146, 148, 150, 155–157: Riga, Tartu, Tallinn and Wisby, 1420–1702.

Accessibility Card index (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen,

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

529

chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival material that was removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. The material was only partly sent back to Lübeck in 1987 and the 1990s. The charters and contracts were originally stored in the Trese (chamber room) of Saint Mary’s Church in 1298. Copies The materials have been put on microlm and are currently being digitised. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: External Files (ASA Externa Akten).

Publications Editions and synopses of various items can be found in: • • •

Hanserecesse, I–III (Leipzig, 1877–1913). Hansisches Urkundenbuch (Leipzig, 1899, Munich, 1916). Urkundenbuch der Stadt Lübeck / Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis (Lübeck, 1871–1905).

530

germany

External Affairs: Charters—Mecklenburg Record group External Affairs: Charters—Mecklenburg Auswärtige Beziehungen: Urkunden—Mecklenburgica Reference code : not applicable Period : 1219–1904 Extent : 419 items Abstract The Urkunden (charters) comprise 20000 records covering 80 metres, which are inconsistently structured in geographical and topical record groups. The section of external affairs includes 28 record groups, mainly structured geographically. The record group of Mecklenburgica contains papers about trade and other relations with Mecklenburg. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1430–1701 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Poland, various countries : High German, Low German, Swedish, various languages

Relevant materials (arranged by subject) concern the following locations: SOVEREIGNS (ACCOMMODATION, TOLLS, FEDERATIONS) •

358, 363a, 365–365a, 365d, 367, 369, 371, 375, 376, 378, 379, 381–381a, 382–385, 387a–d, 388, 397, 398: Schwerin, Stralsund, Ribnitz, Grevesmühlen, Gdansk (Danzig) and Sweden, 1430–1508.

TOWNS AND TOWNSMEN (LAWSUITS, ESCORTS, DEMANDS FOR PAYMENT, INDEMNIFICATIONS, POSTAL SERVICE) •

357, 362, 366b–d, 368a, 373, 380, 388a–b, 390–396, 398b–d, 401b, 403a: Zarrentin, Rostock, Gadebusch, Wismar, Stralsund, Grabow and Grevesmühlen, 1430–1701.

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

531

MERCHANTS AND TOWNSMEN (TRADE REGULATIONS, LAWSUITS, PRIVATEERS, INHERITANCES) •

359, 361, 368b–d, 369a–b, 370, 371a–d, 374b–f, 386, 387, 393a, 399, 399a–i, 401, 401a, 401e, 401g, 401h, 401n: Rostock, Wismar, Grabow, Holland, Narva and Tallinn (Reval), 1431–1573.

Accessibility Card index (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival material that was removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. The material was only partly sent back to Lübeck in 1987 and the 1990s. The charters and contracts were originally stored in the Trese (chamber room) of Saint Mary’s Church in 1298. Copies The materials have been put on microlm and are currently being digitised.

532

germany

Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: External Files (ASA Externa Akten).

Publications Editions and synopses of several items can be found in: • • •

Hanserecesse, I–III (Leipzig, 1877–1913). Hansisches Urkundenbuch (Leipzig, 1899, Munich, 1916). Urkundenbuch der Stadt Lübeck / Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis (Lübeck, 1871–1905).

External Affairs: Charters—Netherlands Record group External Affairs: Charters—Netherlands Auswärtige Beziehungen: Urkunden—Batavica Reference code : not applicable Period : 1243–1863 Extent : 259 items Abstract The Urkunden (charters) comprise 20000 records covering 80 metres, which are inconsistently structured in geographical and topical record groups. The section of external affairs includes 28 record groups, mainly structured geographically. The record group of Batavica contains papers about the relations to the Netherlands and parts of present-day Belgium, involving its towns and sovereigns. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1451–1800 : Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, various countries : Danish, Dutch, High German, Low German, various languages

Relevant materials concern the following locations:

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck •

533

200–259: Utrecht, Enschede, Middelburg, Bruges, Ypres, Gent, Amsterdam, Nijmegen, Goes, Antwerp, Lombarzijde, Deventer, Zutphen, Lüttich, ’s-Hertogenbosch, Haarlem, Leiden, Zierikzee, Hoorn, Delft, Naarden, Sluys, Namur, Bovines, Randorp, Kampen, Arnhem, Veere, Dordrecht, Holland and Zeeland.

Accessibility Card index (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival material that was removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. The material was only partly sent back to Lübeck in 1987 and the 1990s. The charters and contracts were originally stored in the Trese (chamber room) of Saint Mary’s Church in 1298. Copies The materials have been put on microlm and are currently being digitised. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: External Files (ASA Externa Akten).

534

germany

External Affairs: Charters—Pomerania Record group External Affairs: Charters—Pomerania Auswärtige Beziehungen: Urkunden—Pomeranica Reference code : not applicable Period : 1224–1649 Extent : 277 items Abstract The Urkunden (charters) comprise 20000 records covering 80 metres, which are inconsistently structured in geographical and topical record groups. The section of external affairs includes 28 record groups, mainly structured geographically. The record group of Pomeranica contains papers about trade and other relations with Pomerania, inheritances and conventions. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1427–1649 : Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Low German, Swedish, various languages

Relevant materials (arranged by subject) concern the following locations: SOVEREIGNS (DEMANDS FOR PAYMENT, ARRESTS) •

232, 238–241a, 242: Amsterdam, Stralsund, Zierikzee, Rügenwalde and Demmin, 1456–1518.

TOWNS AND TOWNSMEN (LETTERS OF RECOMMENDATION, PAYMENTS) •

227a, 229, 230, 233, 252, 271a–b, 274a: Stralsund, Greifswald, Sweden, Kolobrzeg (Kolberg) and Szczecin (Stettin), 1427–1597.

MERCHANTS AND TOWNSMEN (INDEMNIFICATIONS, ARRESTS, PRIVATEERS, CONFLICTS ABOUT COMMODITIES) •

228, 230a, 231, 234–237, 237a–b, 244, 248, 271c, 277: Stralsund, Greifswald, Szczecin, Gdansk (Danzig), Helsingør and Visby, 1438–1649.

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

535

Accessibility Card index (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival material that was removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. The material was only partly sent back to Lübeck in 1987 and the 1990s. The charters and contracts were originally stored in the Trese (chamber room) of Saint Mary’s Church in 1298. Copies The materials have been put on microlm and are currently being digitised. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: External Files (ASA Externa Akten).

Publications Editions and synopses of various items can be found in: • •

Hansisches Urkundenbuch (Leipzig 1899, Munich, 1916). Urkundenbuch der Stadt Lübeck / Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis (Lübeck, 1871–1905).

536

germany

External Affairs: Charters—Prussia Record group External Affairs: Charters—Prussia Auswärtige Beziehungen: Urkunden—Borussica Reference code : not applicable Period : 1351–1904 Extent : 88 items Abstract The Urkunden (charters) comprise 20000 records covering 80 metres, which are inconsistently structured in geographical and topical record groups. The section of external affairs includes 28 record groups, mainly structured geographically. The record group of Borussica contains mainly papers about trade and other relations with Prussia, inheritances, war and conventions. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1453–1785 : Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Low German, various languages

Relevant materials (arranged by subject) concern the following locations: TOWNS AND TOWNSMEN (WRECKAGE, WAR, LETTERS OF RECOMMENDATION) •

74–76: Gdansk (Danzig), 1534–1785.

MERCHANTS AND TOWNSMEN (SALES OF SHIPS, DEMANDS FOR PAYMENT, ARRESTS, ESCORTS) •

56–63a, 64–72: Gdansk, Zeeland, Stockholm, Riga, Pernau (Pärnu) and Stralsund, 1453–1469.

Accessibility Card index (in German).

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

537

Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival material that was removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. The material was only partly sent back to Lübeck in 1990. The charters and contracts were originally stored in the Trese (chamber room) of Saint Mariy’s Church in 1298. Copies The materials have been put on microlm and are currently being digitised. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: External Files (ASA Externa Akten).

Publications Editions of the following items can be found in: • •

Hanserecesse, II (Leipzig, 1883). Urkundenbuch der Stadt Lübeck / Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis (Lübeck, 1871–1905).

538

germany

External Affairs: Charters—Russia Record group External Affairs: Charters—Russia Auswärtige Beziehungen: Urkunden—Ruthenica Reference code : not applicable Period : 1229–1900 Extent : 40 items Abstract The Urkunden (charters) comprise 20000 records covering 80 metres, which are inconsistently structured in geographical and topical record groups. The section of external affairs includes 28 record groups, mainly structured geographically. The record group of Ruthenica contains papers about trade and other relations with Russia, inheritances and conventions. These papers have been missing since the end of World War II. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1424–1661 : Estonia, Germany, Poland, Russia : High German, Low German, Russian

Relevant materials (arranged by subject) concern the following locations: SOVEREIGNS (INDEMNIFICATIONS, ARRESTS, PRIVATEERS) •

30, 34a, 36, 38: Novgorod, Tallinn (Reval), Narva, Pleskow (Pskow) and Archangel, 1560–1661 and undated.

TOWNS AND TOWNSMEN (BRANCH OFFICES, MIGRATION, CONVENTIONS) •

30a, 34, 35–35a: Tallinn, Novgorod, Moscow and Narva, 1424–1452.

MERCHANTS AND TOWNSMEN (INHERITANCES, COMMODITY CHARTERS) •

28a, 32, 35b–r: Turku, Novgorod and Tartu (Dorpat), 1449–1594.

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

539

Accessibility Card index (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival material that was removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. The entire record group of Russia-related charters has been missing since then. The charters and contracts were originally stored in the Trese (chamber room) of Saint Mary’s Church in 1298. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: External Files (ASA Externa Akten).

Publications • •

Neubauer, Helmut, Das Moskauer Privileg für Lübeck 1603 (Jahrbücher für die Geschichte Osteuropas, New Series, Vol. 16) (1968). Schlüter, Wolfgang, Die Novgoroder Schra (Tartu, 1911), p. 176.

540

germany

Editions and synopses of various items can be found in: • • •

Hanserecesse, I–III (Leipzig, 1877–1913). Hansisches Urkundenbuch (Leipzig, 1899, Munich, 1916). Urkundenbuch der Stadt Lübeck / Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis (Lübeck, 1871–1905).

External Affairs: Charters—Sweden Record group External Affairs: Charters—Sweden Auswärtige Beziehungen: Urkunden—Suecica Reference code : not applicable Period : 1161–1855 Extent : 257 items Abstract The Urkunden (charters) comprise 20000 records covering 80 metres, which are inconsistently structured in geographical and topical record groups. The section of external affairs includes 28 record groups, mainly structured geographically. The record group of Suecica contains papers about trade and other relations with Sweden, inheritances and conventions. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1402–1594 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden : Danish, High German, Low German, various languages

Relevant materials (arranged by subject) concern the following locations: SOVEREIGNS (CONFIRMATION OF PRIVILEGES, ESCORTS, CONFLICTS, SHIP ARRESTS, DEMANDS FOR PAYMENT) •

218, 219, 222–224, 228–230, 232, 233, 235, 236, 239–243, 244a, 245–245a, 246–250, 252–254: Visby, Kalmar, Stockholm, Rostock, Stralsund, Wismar, Torun (Thorn), Elblag (Elbing), Gdansk (Danzig), Szczecin (Stettin), Scania (Schonen) and Copenhagen, 1445–1594.

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

541

TOWNS AND TOWNSMEN (PAYMENTS, ACCOMODATIONS, ARRESTS, CONFLICTS, CONFEDERATIONS) •

210, 212–214, 214a–217, 220, 227, 238, 244, 244b: Kalmar, Malmö, Västerås, Visby, Stockholm, Uppsala, Falsterbo, Scania and Gdansk, 1402–1534.

MERCHANTS AND TOWNSMEN (WRECKAGE, INDEMNIFICATIONS, PRIVATEERS, ARRESTS) •

211, 221, 226, 231, 234–234a, 237: Ystad, Visby, Riga, Copenhagen, Landskrona and Stockholm, 1409–1514.

Accessibility Card index (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival material that was removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. The material was only partly sent back to Lübeck in 1987 and the 1990s. The charters and contracts were originally stored in the Trese (chamber room) of Saint Mary’s Church in 1298.

542

germany

Copies The materials have been put on microlm and are currently being digitised. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: External Files (ASA Externa Akten).

Publications Editions and synopses of various items can be found in: • • •

Hanserecesse, II, III (Leipzig, 1883–1893). Hansisches Urkundenbuch (Leipzig, 1899, Munich, 1916). Urkundenbuch der Stadt Lübeck / Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis, Vols. 5, 7–9 (Lübeck, 1881–1893).

External Affairs: Charters—Teutonic Order Record group External Affairs: Charters—Teutonic Order Auswärtige Beziehungen: Urkunden—Ordo Theutonicus Reference code : not applicable Period : 1242–1572 Extent : 33 items Abstract The Urkunden (charters) comprise 20000 records covering 80 metres, which are inconsistently structured in geographical and topical record groups. The section of external affairs includes 28 record groups, mainly structured geographically. The record group of Ordo Theutonica contains papers about trade with the Teutonic Order and conrmations of privileges. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1439–1574 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, various countries : High German, Low German, various languages

Relevant materials (arranged by subject) concern the following locations:

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

543

SOVEREIGNS (MILITARY SUPPORT, CONFIRMATION OF PRIVILEGES) •

27, 28, 33: Livonia and Denmark, 1458–1530.

TOWNS AND TOWNSMEN (INDEMNIFICATIONS, ACCOMMODATION) •

24, 25, 29–32: Wismar, Livonia and Prussia, 1439–1574.

Accessibility Card index (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival material that was removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. The material was only partly sent back to Lübeck in 1990. The charters and contracts were originally stored in the Trese (chamber room) of Saint Mary’s Church in 1298. Copies The materials have been put on microlm and are currently being digitised.

544

germany

Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: External Files (ASA Externa Akten).

Publications Editions and synopses of various items can be found in: • • •

Hanserecesse, I–III (Leipzig, 1877–1913). Hansisches Urkundenbuch (Leipzig, 1899, Munich, 1916). Urkundenbuch der Stadt Lübeck / Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis (Lübeck, 1871–1905).

External Affairs: Charters—Various Record group External Affairs: Charters—Various Auswärtige Beziehungen: Urkunden—Varia Reference code : not applicable Period : 1247–1857 Extent : 274 items Abstract The Urkunden (charters) comprise 20000 records covering 80 metres, which are inconsistently structured in geographical and topical record groups. The section of external affairs includes 28 record groups, mainly structured geographically. The record group of Varia contains papers on clerical institutions and Spain, as well as internal certicates. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1463–1704 : Denmark, Germany, Lithuania, Poland, the Netherlands : Danish, High German, Low German, various languages

Relevant materials concern the following subjects: •

255a: Escort for a legation from Lübeck, also concerning Poland and the Teutonic Order, 1463.

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck • • • • • • • •

545

256: Indemnication for an arrest of commodities, concerning Bergen and Denmark, 1466. 260: Representation at a Hansetag (Hanseatic diet), concerning Cracow (Krakow). 1470. 261: Demand for payment, concerning Denmark, 1471. 262: Escort, concerning Sagan (Zagan) and Denmark, 1471. 265a: Composition, concerning Wismar and Rostock, 1480. 267c: Demand for payment after a ship arrest, concerning Bruges and Gdansk (Danzig), 1499. 268h: Incorporation, pastry-cooks, concerning the Wendish towns, 1647. 268i: Agreements of bakers, concerning the Wendish towns, 1704.

Accessibility Card index (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival material that was removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. The material was only partly sent back to Lübeck in 1990. The charters and contracts were originally stored in the Trese (chamber room) of Saint Mary’s Church in 1298.

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Copies The materials have been put on microlm and are currently being digitised. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: External Files (ASA Externa Akten).

Publications Editions or synopses of items 225a, 256, 260 and 267 can be found in: • •

Hanserecesse, II: 6, III: 4 (Leipzig, 1888–1890). Urkundenbuch der Stadt Lübeck / Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis, Vols. 10, 11 (Lübeck, 1898–1905).

Foundations: Small Foundations Record group Foundations: Small Foundations Stiftungen: Kleinere Stiftungen Reference code : not applicable Period : 1423–2003 Extent : c. 200 convolutes, 70 metres Abstract The record group of Kleinere Stiftungen comprises records concerning private foundations for stipendiaries (customarily developed in the Hanseatic towns). The materials include administration books, journals, receipts, registers of commodities and stipends as well as secret books of benefactors. The record group concerns around two hundred foundations. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1481–1800 : Denmark, Germany, Latvia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, High German, Low German, Swedish, various languages

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Relevant are mostly foundations of merchants, which concern debts and receipts in relation to bequests, furtherance, trade and business with companies and individuals from countries around the Baltic Sea. The materials deal with the following foundations, subjects and periods: •

•

• • • • •

•

•

• •

Testament of Hans Bartels (12 items). Including: * 2: Receipts regarding Heinrich Spoler from Riga, 1607–1613. * 3: Receipts regarding Peter Nickel from Libau (Liepaja), 1608– 1613. Testament of Johann Füchting (91 items), including the testament itself, its register, journals, receipts, lists of supported persons and activities, 1605–1800. Testament of Johann Glandorp (44 items), including letters of Swedish debtors, 1612–1618. Testament of Hans Grensin (25 items), including a request for redeeming receipts from Antwerp’s town council, 1614–1650. Greveraden and Warneböken Foundation (24 items), including certicates (item 13), from 1522, concerning Riga. Testament of Thomas Hebbens (37 items), including a request for redeeming property pawning, 1675–1683, concerning Mecklenburg. Testament of Wolter von Holsten Testament (19 items). Including: * 2: Account book of a trading company, 1572–1574, concerning Riga. Testaments of the finance department (9 subconvolutes, 26 items). Including: * Sub-convolute 8 (items 15–17): 1481–1712, concerning Wismar. Testament of Hinrich Köhler (81 items). Including: * 20: Rostock’s stipend, 1620–1623. * 21: Letters from stipendiaries, 1635–1654. * 22: Receipts, 1631–1732. Parcham Foundation (7 items). Including: * 4–7, 9: 1602–1697, concerning Pomerania. Schabbel Foundation (52 items). Including: * 19: 1730, concerning Wismar. * 30: Letters of stipendiaries, 1724–1736, concerning Kiel, Greifswald, Rostock, Schwerin and Anklam. * 38: Letters from Wismar, 1726–1728. * 39: Letters from Greifswald, 1728–1736. * 40: Letters from Rostock, 1728–1736. * 41: Letters from Rostock, 1732–1736. * 43: Letters from Rostock and Schwerin, 1779–1781.

548 •

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Testament of Strohkrantz (8 items). Including: * 5: 1723–1800, concerning Stralsund.

Accessibility Inventory, “Kleinere Stiftungen”, Vols. 1, 2 (in German), with individual inventories for every foundation. For the Testament of Füchting, a concordance to the old inventory from 1952 is available. Custodial history A major part of this record group belongs to the large quantity of archival material that was removed partly or completely from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. When these materials were sent back to Lübeck in 1987 and the 1990s it was not clear whether they were still complete. Part of the convolute of the testament of Johann Füchting was acquired in 1980. Some records of the convolute of the testament of Köhler have been added to the Köhler family archives. Of the record group of “Old’s Senate Archives: Ecclesiastica” (which is not yet registered), parts may be transferred to the record group of “Foundations: Small Foundations” in the future. Related materials • •

•

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Trades (ASA Interna—Ämter). Merchant Archives (Kaufmannsarchive); in particular the records of the Schiffergesellschaft (skippers’ society), section Geschäfts- and Firmenarchive (company archives), include relevant materials of the testaments of Johann Füchting, Johann Glandorp and Wolter von Holsten. Family Archives (Familienarchive).

Publications •

•

Blunk, Michaela, “Der Handel des Lübecker Kaufmanns Johan Glandorp an der Wende vom 16. zum 17. Jahrhundert”, in: Veröffentlichungen zur Geschichte der Hansestadt Lübeck Reihe B, Vol. 12 (Lübeck, 1985). Kaplan, Marie-Louise, “Wolter von Holsten marchand lubeckois dans la seconde moitie du seizième siècle: contribution a l’étude des relations commerciales entre Lübeck et les villes livoniennes”, in: Quellen und Darstellungen zur hansischen Geschichte (New Series), Vol. 25 (Cologne, 1981).

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck •

• •

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Kohlmorgen, Günther, “Johann Füchting und Füchtingshof in Lübeck. Ein Beispiel für die Anfänge sozial wirkenden Kleinwohnungsbaues”, in: Veröffentlichungen zur Geschichte der Hansestadt Lübeck (Series B), Vol. 8 (Lübeck, 1987). Schneider, Gerhard, “Das Lübecker Stiftungswesen. Ein Querschnitt”, in: Der Wagen (Lübeck, 1942/1944), pp. 25–36. Verzeichnis der Priwatwohlthätigkeitsanstalten im Lübeckischen Freistaate, mit Angabe des Vermögens, der Einnahmen, der Stiftungs-Urkunden und Bestimmungen, sowie der herkömmlichen und durch spätere Anwendungen festgestellten Verwaltung (Lübeck, 1901).

Imperial Court Chamber Record group Imperial Court Chamber Reichskammergericht Reference code : not applicable Period : 1499–1806 Extent : c. 770 items, 36 metres Abstract The record group of Reichskammergericht concerns lawsuits. The records consist of case les mainly regarding contested properties, arrests, affronts and breaches of the public peace. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1517–1771 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Danish, Dutch, High German, Low German, various languages

Relevant materials mainly contain lawsuits about debts, toll problems and arrests of commodities. They concern the following periods, locations and subjects: • •

A 1: 1587–1591, Riga (imprisonment after selling delict). A 2: 1529–1551, Holland, Antwerp (demand of payment).

550 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

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A 6: 1533–1540, Tallinn (indemnication). B 2: 1573, Rostock (not apparent). B 4, 5: 1592–1595, Stockholm (demand of payment). B 6: 1575, Narva (demand of payment). B 15: 1592–1608, Tartu, Tallinn, Narva, Sweden (contestable property, arrest of shipload, toll). B 18: 1773–1805, Copenhagen, Sweden (insolvency). B 21: 1542–1544, Tartu (demand of payment). B 22: 1627–1640, Mecklenburg (demand of payment). B 29: 1561–1583, Rostock (inheritance). B 30: 1569–1575, Rostock (demand of payment). B 31: 1577–1582, Narva (inheritance). B 35: 1529–1543, Bergen, Wismar (company). B 36: 1570–1606, Antwerp, Narva (deprivation of commodities). B 37: 1571–1606, Antwerp (arrest). B 38: 1623, Rostock, Wismar (inheritance). B 40: 1598–1599, Königsberg (Kaliningrad) (testament). B 41: 1578–1582, Stralsund (bail). B 42: 1585–1602, Stralsund (obligation). B 43: 1580–1596, Szczecin (Stettin), Stralsund (inheritance). B 51: 1611–1613, Stralsund (custodian). B 52: 1629–1669, Sweden (arrest). B 54: 1544–1548, Bergen (inheritance). B 57: 1578–1580, Tallinn (demand of payment). B 59, 60: 1579–1588, Rostock (arrest). B 63: 1638–1646, Gdansk (Danzig) (indemnication). B 65: 1663–1686, Stockholm (inheritance). B 66: 1685–1686, Gdansk (demand of payment). B 70: 1563–1582, Gdansk (arrest). B 71: 1567–1579, Antwerp (inheritance). B 72: 1564–1574, Gdansk, Tallinn (trade company). B 73: 1571, Gdansk (indemnication). B 74: 1562–1576, Gdansk (obligation). B 78: 1554, Antwerp, Gdansk (trade contract). B 79: 1588–1590, Gdansk (demand of payment). B 80: 1585–1595, Stralsund (custodian). B 81: 1700–1713, Narva, Sweden (commodities). B 82: 1717–1726, Norköping (inheritance). B 91: 1583–1588, Denmark (arrest). C 7: 1695–1697, Gdansk (demand of payment). C 9: 1645–1650, Gdansk (demand of payment).

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C 12: 1576–1592, Bergen, Denmark (demand of payment, branch ofce). C 14: 1664–1667, Amsterdam, Utrecht, Mecklenburg (arrest). D 3: 1546–1549, London (accommodation). D 5: 1742–1747, Sweden (wreckage, demand of payment). D 10: 1566–1571, Denmark, the Sound, Narva, Bruges, Amsterdam (cargo). D 11: 1567–1571, Bornholm (arrest). D 16: 1677–1682, Wismar, Schwerin, Holland (demand of payment). D 17: 1604–1608, Gdansk, Denmark (obligation). E 3: 1577, Brandenburg, Russia (demand of payment). E 11: 1541–1560, Wismar (trade contract). E 16: 1584–1605, Riga (demand of payment). E 20: 1592, Tartu (budget). E 29: 1615–1618, Szczecin (inheritance). F 5: 1581–1582, London (demand of payment, toll). F 6: 1698–1703, Schwerin, Denmark (inheritance). F 8: 1588–1589, Bergen. F 13: 1558–1566, Mecklenburg, Brandenburg, Pomerania (depredation). F 14: 1586–1587, Livonia (demand of payment). F 16: 1570–1577, Denmark (privateers). F 17: 1567–1580, Tallinn, Narva, Copenhagen (privateers). F 18: 1680–1669, Greifswald, Sweden (escort). G 2: 1787–1792, Klaipeda (Memel, Neman), Amsterdam, Königsberg (Kaliningrad) (average). G 16: 1614–1663, Narva, Russia (demand of payment). G 17: 1622–1664, Novgorod (trade company). G 19: 1615–1618, Tallinn, Russia (pawning). G 26: 1594–1597, Mecklenburg (arrest). G 27: 1715–1718, Stockholm (exchange). G 30: 1595–1603, Gdansk (demand of payment). H 2: 1608–1615, Mecklenburg (demand of payment, toll). H 4: 1615–1617, Wismar (demand of payment). H 7: 1575–1583, Sweden (inheritance). H 9: 1597–1611, Stockholm (obligation). H 10: 1589–1610, Gdansk (inheritance). H 11: 1540–1544, Copenhagen (warrant of women for contract signings). H 13: 1795–1804, Rostock (average). H 23: 1604–1606, Wismar, Rostock (dower). H 31: 1672–1673, Denmark (inheritance). H 36: 1580–1593, Stralsund, Narva, Russia (contestable property).

552 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

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H 37: 1748–1764, Riga (contestable property). H 39: 1599–1602, Narva, Riga, Gdansk (inheritance). H 42: 1600–1601, Riga (demand of payment). H 43: 1590–1604, Wismar (dower). H 46: 1604–1612, Mecklenburg (inheritance). H 53: 1543, Copenhagen (arrest). H 55: 1594–1596, Riga (trade company). H 60: 1634–1641, Denmark (demand of payment). H 61: 1577–1607, Courland (demand of payment). H 65: 1569–1572, Tallinn (demand of payment). H 69: 1523–1532, Tartu, Rostock, Visby, Copenhagen, Riga, Kalmar (wreckage). H 74: 1591, Rostock (shery). J 4: 1567–1573, Kampen, Gdansk (wreckage). K 13: 1629–1640, Mecklenburg (accommodation). K 17: 1585–1592, Szczecin, Narva (invoice). K 18: 1535–1536, Malmö (demand of payment). K 27: 1576, Copenhagen (inheritance). K 30: 1530–1540, Riga (accountability). K 33: 1538–1555, Wismar (invoice). L 1: 1614–1615, Rostock, Stralsund, Wismar (letters of recommendation). L 4: 1716, Russia, Denmark (taxes). L 5: 1592–1595, Denmark (demand of payment). L 6: 1525–1529: Norwich, Bergen, Gdansk (demand of payment). L 8: 1663–1704, Mecklenburg (obligation). L 10: 1594–1601, Schleswig, Denmark (demand of payment). L 12: 1665–1679, Mecklenburg (demand of payment). L 22: 1564–1565, Szczecin (inheritance). L 24: 1585, Riga (inheritance). L 26a–b: 1538–1542, Denmark (raids on merchants). L 27: 1560–1563, Tallinn (privateers). L 32: 1621, Lübeck (license to sell commodities from the Baltic Sea area). L 42: 1693–1694, Denmark (demand of payment). M 6: 1542–1553, Tallinn (arrest). M 7: 1577–1580, London (indemnication). M 10: 1528–1532, Mecklenburg, Denmark (ship sequestration). M 11: 1567, Tallinn, Wismar (arrest). M 12: 1599–1627, Mecklenburg (shery). M 13: 1599–1612, Mecklenburg (shery). M 15: 1602–1611, Mecklenburg (shery).

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

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M 16: 1606, Mecklenburg (shery). M 18: 1655–1657, Mecklenburg (shery). M 19: 1656, Mecklenburg (shery). M 20: 1665–1670, Mecklenburg (shery). M 21: 1670, Mecklenburg (shery). M 22: 1795–1803, Denmark, Mecklenburg (shery). M 23: 1579–1588, England (indemnication). M 30: 1676–1703, Schwerin (obligation). M 32: 1608–1618, Amsterdam (demand of payment). N 1: 1594–1609, Copenhagen (obligation). N 5: 1661–1670, Tallinn, Gotland (cargo). N 8: 1615–1617, Stockholm (demand of payment). N 10: 1747–1758, Königsberg (Kaliningrad), Novgorod (demand of payment). O 2: 1645–1651, Wismar (obligation). P 1: 1648–1651, Sweden (inheritance). P 3: 1572–1573, Gdansk (privateers). P 9: 1569, Szczecin (privateers). P 10: 1563–1565, Antwerp (arrest). P 13: 1642–1654, Sweden, Amsterdam, Tallinn (indemnication). P 18: 1715–1718, Prussia (sequestration of commodities). R 1: 1575–1578, Mecklenburg (deprivation). R 4: 1520–1533, Wismar (trade company). R 5: 1637–1669, Szczecin, Stralsund (accountability). R 12: 1601–1605, Sweden (indemnication). R 14: 1624–1625, Mecklenburg (shery). R 19: 1615–1649, Mecklenburg (arrest). R 22: 1543–1561, Livonia, Antwerp (demand of payment). R 23: 1547–1560, Bergen (trade company). R 29: 1674, Amsterdam (demand of payment). R 31: 1571–1584, Riga (demand of payment). R 32: 1577–1585, Narva (arrest). R 33: 1578–1585, Narva (demand of payment). R 34: 1577–1585, The Sound, Narva (demand of payment). R 36: 1596–1604, Riga (custodian). S 2: 1565–1581, Sweden (arrest). S 35: 1548–1555, Wismar (demand of payment). S 37: 1711–1713, Mecklenburg (demand of payment). S 41: 1771, St. Petersburg (arrest). S 46: 1544–1551, Denmark (demand of payment). S 47: 1564–1572, Antwerp (arrest).

554 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

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S 54: 1582, Gdansk (accommodation). S 59: 1559–1561, London (invoice). S 61: 1684–1685, Amsterdam, Wismar (obligation). S 62: 1554–1559, Moscow, Breslau, Mecklenburg, Livonia (indemnication). S 65: 1611–1632, Schleswig (demand of payment). S 78: 1580–1618, Stralsund, Stockholm (demand of payment). S 114: 1607–1611: Mecklenburg (inheritance). S 119: 1568–1579, Antwerp, Narva, Sweden, Russia (demand of payment). S 125: 1587, Sweden (accomodation). S 129: 1590–1603, Wismar, Rostock (demand of payment). S 132: 1585–1598, Pernau (Pärnu) (inheritance). S 142: 1586–1602, Narva (trade company). S 143: 1585–1588, Rostock (demand of payment). S 144: 1517–1538, Denmark (privateers). S 146: 1577–1621, Bergen (demand of payment). T 2: 1563–1564, Riga (inheritance). T 3: 1593–1620, Denmark, Sweden (demand of payment). U 5: 1682–1683, Kiel, Nyborg (demand of payment). V 1: 1603–1611, Gdansk (demand of payment, trade company). V 5: 1657–1658, Königsberg (Kaliningrad) (demand of payment). W 1: 1542–1544, Bergen, Antwerp (demand of payment, arrest). W 11: 1574–1589, Sweden, Gdansk, Bergen (demand of payment, arrest). W 13: 1587–1614, Bergen (invoice). W 28: 1645–1664, Gdansk (shipment costs). W 35: 1594–1595, the Netherlands, Russia (migration, toll). W 41: 1570–1588, Sweden, Pomerania (privateers). W 44: 1649–1651, Amsterdam (average). W 46: 1599–1611, Flensburg (ship selling). W 50: 1540–1561, Brandenburg (inheritance). Z 2: 1612–1625, Gdansk (demand of payment). Z 3: 1578–1589, Rostock, Stockholm (demand of payment).

Record creator / provenance In the course of the Reichsreform (imperial reforms), the Reichskammergericht (Imperial Court Chamber) was founded in 1495. It was the supreme court besides the Reichshofrat (Aulic Council), founded in 1497 and initially based in Frankfurt, next in Regensburg, Worms, Nürnberg, Esslingen, Speyer and (from 1689 on) Wetzlar. Its cognisance included violation of

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public place, mandate suits, civil actions against immediates to the Empire, and revisions of all civil actions. Custodial history After the end of the Reich, all les were from 1806 on ordered in Wetzlar, where they got their alphabetical order after the plaintiffs. Later in the nineteenth century they were sent to the various members of the German Confederation, arranged on the names of the defendants. The Old Senate’s Archives of Lübeck acquired around 663 les between 1847 and 1852, which were rearranged in 1982 and 1983 by H.K. Stein. Since then they grew to over 770 items because of newly detected merchant’s books. This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942. It was sent back completely in 1946. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Camera Imperialis / Imperial Court Chamber (ASA Interna—Reichskammergericht).

Publications • •

•

Diestelkamp, Bernhard, Rechtsfälle aus dem Alten Reich. Denkwürdige Prozesse vor dem Reichskammergericht (Munich, 1995), pp. 173–193. Dirr, Kathrin, and Torsten Joecker, “Die Inanspruchnahme des Reichskammergerichts durch die Reichsstädte. Vorstellung eines Datenbankprojekts zur statistischen und inhaltlichen Erfassung der Reichskammergerichtsakten”, in: Anette Baumann, Peter Oestmann, Stephan Wendehorst and Siegrid Westphal (eds.), Prozesspraxis im Alten Reich. Annäherungen—Fallstudien—Statistiken (Cologne, 2005), pp. 119–136. Stein, Hans-Konrad: “Die vermögende Oberschicht und die ‘Spitzenvermögen’ in Lübeck während des 16. bis 18. Jahrhunderts. Thesen, Ergebnisse und Erfahrungen aus der Bearbeitung des Reichskammergerichtsbestands und anderer Archivquellen in Lübeck”, in: Bernhard Diestelkamp (ed.), Forschungen aus Akten des Reichskammergerichts (Cologne, Vienna, 1984), pp. 159–186.

556

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Internal Affairs: Charters—Feud Resolution Record group Internal Affairs: Charters—Feud Resolution Interne Angelegenheiten: Urkunden—Urfehden Reference code : not applicable Period : 1298–1775 Extent : 307 items Abstract The Urkunden (charters) comprise 20000 records covering 80 metres, which are inconsistently structured in geographical and topical record groups. The section of internal affairs includes seven record groups: “Internal”, “Internal appendix”, “Identications”, “Contracts since 1933”, “Pay receipts”, “Trenthorst” and “Feud resolution”. The record group of Urfehden (concerning the resolution of feuds) contains amnesties. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1420–1467 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, the Netherlands : Danish, High German, Low German, various languages

Relevant materials (arranged by subject) concern the following locations: FEUD RESOLUTION, DEMANDS OF PAYMENT •

148, 196, 232, 245, 246, 255, 256, 258, 264, 267, 268, 270, 271, 273, 278, 296, 298–300, 303: Bergen, Gdansk (Danzig), Nyköping, Pomerania, Prussia, Mecklenburg, Königsberg (Kaliningrad) and Deventer, 1420–1467.

Accessibility Card index (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen,

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

557

chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was only partly sent back to Lübeck in 1987 and the 1990s. The charters and contracts were originally stored in the Trese (chamber room) of the Saint Mary’s Church in 1298. Copies The materials have been put on microlm and are currently being digitised. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal Files (ASA Interna Akten).

Publications Editions of the items 148, 196, 232, 245, 255 and 271 can be found in: •

Urkundenbuch der Stadt Lübeck / Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis, Vols. 6–9 (Lübeck, 1888–1893).

558

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Internal Affairs: Charters—Internal Record group Internal Affairs: Charters—Internal Interne Angelegenheiten: Urkunden—Interna Reference code : not applicable Period : 1243–1897 Extent : 555 items Abstract The Urkunden (charters) comprise 20000 records covering 80 metres, which are inconsistently structured in geographical and topical record groups. The section of internal affairs includes seven record groups: “Internal”, “Internal appendix”, “Identications”, “Contracts since 1933”, “Pay receipts”, “Trenthorst” and “Feud resolution”. The record group of Interna contains contracts, letters of attorney and cognizance and is continued in the record groups of “Internal appendix” and “Contracts since 1933”. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1444–1642 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden : Danish, High German, Low German, Swedish, various languages

Relevant materials (arranged by subject) concern the following locations: TRADE, TOLLS AND SUPPLEMENTARY ALLOWANCES, CONTRACTS, CONFLICTS, ARREST OF COMMODITIES, PRIVATEERS AND INDEMNIFICATION •

455a–b, 455d, 460, 486, 488, 488a, 490b, 491, 496, 498a, 501c, 501–507, 509, 517, 518e, 523b, 523f–i, 537a, 538a, 538g, 539a, 543b: Bruges, Stralsund, Roskilde, Gdansk (Danzig), Visby/Gotland, Nyköping, Tallinn, Riga, Mecklenburg, Pomerania and Moscow.

Accessibility Card index (in German).

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

559

Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was only partly sent back to Lübeck in 1987 and the 1990s. The charters and contracts were originally stored in the Trese (chamber room) of the Saint Mary’s Church in 1298. Copies The materials have been put on microlm and are currently being digitised. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal Files (ASA Interna Akten).

Publications Editions of the items 460 and 488 can be found in: • •

Hansisches Urkundenbuch, Vol. 10 (Leipzig, 1907): no. 1022 (item 488). Urkundenbuch der Stadt Lübeck / Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis, Vol. 9 (Lübeck, 1893): no. 913, p. 947 (item 460).

560

germany

Internal Affairs: Charters—Internal Appendix Record group Internal Affairs: Charters—Internal Appendix Interne Angelegenheiten: Urkunden—Interna appendix Reference code : not applicable Period : 1335–1640 Extent : 187 items Abstract The Urkunden (charters) comprise 20000 records covering 80 metres, which are inconsistently structured in geographical and topical record groups. The section of internal affairs includes seven record groups: “Internal”, “Internal appendix”, “Identications”, “Contracts since 1933”, “Pay receipts”, “Trenthorst” and “Feud resolution”. The record group of Interna appendix is a continuation of the record group of Interna and contains contracts, letters of attorney and cognizance. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1485–1510 : Germany, Sweden, various countries : English, High German, Low German, various languages

Relevant materials (arranged by subject) concern the following locations: LETTERS OF ATTORNEY, PRIVATEERS •

154, 157a, 171: Stendal, Seehausen and England, 1485–1510.

Accessibility Card index (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

561

all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was only partly sent back to Lübeck in 1987 and the 1990s. The charters and contracts were originally stored in the Trese (chamber room) of the Saint Mary’s Church in 1298. Copies The materials have been put on microlm and are currently being digitised. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal Files (ASA Interna Akten).

Internal Affairs: Charters—Identications Record group Internal Affairs: Charters—Identications Interne Angelegenheiten: Urkunden—Legitimationen Reference code : not applicable Period : 1400–1845 Extent : 302 convolutes

562

germany

Abstract The Urkunden (charters) comprise 20000 records covering 80 metres, which are inconsistently structured in geographical and topical record groups. The section of internal affairs includes seven record groups: “Internal”, “Internal appendix”, “Identications”, “Contracts since 1933”, “Pay receipts”, “Trenthorst” and “Feud resolution”. The record group of Legitimationes mostly contains letters of recommendation. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1450–1794 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, various countries : Danish, High German, Low German, various languages

Relevant materials (arranged by subject) concern the following locations: REQUESTS FOR LETTERS OF RECOMMENDATION •

8b, 21, 30, 32–32a, 35, 36, 53, 54, 64, 69, 71, 75, 76, 83, 87, 97, 101, 102, 109, 113, 123, 126, 127, 132, 139, 140, 150a, 152a, 159–159a, 161, 167, 187, 194–195, 199, 200, 201a, 204, 209–209a, 217, 220a, 230, 233, 235a–b, 239a, 239e, 251, 253, 259, 262b, 264, 266a, 268, 271, 273, 274, 276, 281, 286, 287, 297, 298: Schwerin, Stralsund, Rostock, Wismar, Seehausen, Deventer, Gdansk (Danzig), Anklam, Greifswald, Grunau, Denmark and Königsberg (Kaliningrad), 1450–1794.

INHERITANCES, DEMANDS OF PAYMENT •

55, 142: Tallinn (Reval) and Rostock, 1457–1464.

ESCORTS, SHIPPING RIGHTS, PRIVATEERS, TOLLS •

238a, 239b, 240a: Sweden, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg and Holstein, 1599–1658.

Accessibility Card index (in German).

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

563

Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was only partly sent back to Lübeck in 1987 and the 1990s. The charters and contracts were originally stored in the Trese (chamber room) of the Saint Mary’s Church in 1298. Copies The materials have been put on microlm and are currently being digitised. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal Files (ASA Interna Akten).

564

germany

Internal Affairs: Charters—Pay Receipts Record group Internal Affairs: Charters—Pay Receipts Interne Angelegenheiten: Urkunden—Soldquittungen Reference code : not applicable Period : 1360–1558 Extent : 156 items Abstract The Urkunden (charters) comprise 20000 records covering 80 metres, which are inconsistently structured in geographical and topical record groups. The section of internal affairs includes seven record groups: “Internal”, “Internal appendix”, “Identications”, “Contracts since 1933”, “Pay receipts”, “Trenthorst” and “Feud resolution”. The record group of Soldquittungen contains payment receipts of mercenaries. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1436–1535 : Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, various countries : Danish, Dutch, High German, Low German, various languages

Relevant materials (arranged by subject) concern the following locations: PAY RECEIPTS AND INDEMNIFICATIONS • • • •

149: Copenhagen, 1436. 151: Copenhagen, 1437. 153b: Holland, 1535. 156: Hanseatic towns and England, 1477.

Accessibility Card index (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen,

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

565

chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was only partly sent back to Lübeck in 1990. The charters and contracts were originally stored in the Trese (chamber room) of the Saint Mary’s Church in 1298. Copies The materials have been put on microlm and are currently being digitised. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal Files (ASA Interna Akten).

Publications Edition or synopses of items 149 and 151 can be found in: • •

Hanserecesse, II (Leipzig, 1888): Part 1, no. 612 (item 149). Urkundenbuch der Stadt Lübeck / Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis, Vol. 7 (Lübeck, 1883): no. 726, p. 710 (item 151).

566

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Merchants’ Archives: Bergen Traders Record group Merchants’ Archives: Bergen Traders Kaufmännische Archive: Bergenfahrer Reference code : not applicable Period : 1278–1903 Extent : 8 convolutes, 16 metres Abstract The record group of Bergenfahrer comprises records concerning the Lübeck merchant guild trading with Norway as well as records concerning the branch ofce of all German merchants in Bergen, which was chiey led by Lübeck’s merchants. The record group consists of 3058 items, including information about the branch ofce in Bergen, privileges, regulations and contracts, correspondence and negotiations, conicts, privateering and deprivation. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1437–1825 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Danish, Dutch, English, High German, Low German, various languages

Almost the entire record group is relevant. Its materials deal with damage to ships, regulations and conicts concerning tolls and cargo, correspondence between trading towns, embargoes and arrests of commodities and ships, privateering and lawsuits. The papers concern the following subjects and periods: 1: BERGENFAHRER IN LÜBECK 1.1: Internal affairs • •

1.1.1 (items 2–29): Journals of meetings in Lübeck, 1469–1800, also concerning Rostock and Denmark. 1.1.3: Exchequer. Including: * 1.1.3.1 (items 53–58, 60): Account books, 1588–1853.

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

• •

• •

• • • •

567

* 1.1.3.2 (item 62): Cash ledgers, 1658–1665. * 1.1.3.5 (item 69): Bonds, 1661–1669. * 1.1.3.7 (items 82, 83): Miscellaneous, 1622–1625. 1.1.6 (item 103): Administration of the Schütting (meeting place), 1469–1530. 1.1.8 (items 129–159): Cargo and trade administration, 1538–1823, concerning Rostock, Wismar, Stralsund, Greifswald, Flensburg, Oslo, Amsterdam, Gdansk (Danzig), Königsberg (Kaliningrad) and Riga. 1.1.9 (items 160, 161): Measures and quality control of commodities, 1618–1621. 1.1.10 (items 163, 164, 166, 168, 172): Violations of regulations and prevention of actions, 1570–1653, concerning Wismar, Groningen, England, Gdansk and Malmö. 1.1.12 (items 181–198): Foundations, 1578–1797, concerning Rostock. 1.1.13 (item 203): Requests for nancial support, 1795, concerning Copenhagen. 1.1.14 (items 204–206, 212, 220): Debts and legacies, 1510–1759, concerning Gdansk. 1.1.15 (items 221–223, 226–228): Private trade, undated and 1648–1753, concerning Wismar, Copenhagen and Aarhus.

1.2: Accounting of the branch ofce (including conicts about the accounts) •

229–247: 1572–1686 (and later), concerning Denmark.

1.3: Relations with the Bergenfahrer from other Hanseatic towns • •

• • • • •

248: Embargo on Bergen trade, 1646–1748. 1.3.1 (items 251, 252, 254, 256–262): Relations between the Bergenfahrer and the Lübeck Senate, 1514–1679, concerning England, Deventer, Kampen, Zwolle, Mecklenburg, Denmark and Sweden. 1.3.2 (items 264–306, 311–313): Relations with Hamburg, 1535–1700, also concerning the Sound and Copenhagen. 1.3.3 (items 315–352, 355–362, 364–369, 374): Relations with Bremen, 1501–1738, also concerning Copenhagen, Ripen (Ribe) and Amsterdam. 1.3.4 (items 377–380): Relations between Hamburg and Bremen, 1656– 1672, also concerning Mecklenburg, Pomerania and Copenhagen. 1.3.5 (items 383–395): Lübeck’s relations with Deventer, Kampen and Zwolle, 1501–1606, also concerning Rostock, Antwerp and Amsterdam. 1.3.6 (items 396–437): Relations between Lübeck and the Wendish towns and towns in Pomerania, 1458–1693, concerning Rostock, Stralsund, Wismar, Greifswald and Anklam.

568 • •

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1.3.7 (items 438–441): Relations to England, 1474–1672, also concerning Holland and Sweden. 1.3.8 (items 442–448): Miscellaneous foreign relations, 1543–1697, concerning Brielle, Enkhuizen, Schwerin and Copenhagen.

1.4: Miscellaneous •

450–458, 460, 462, 468, 472, 474, 476, 478, 481: Miscellaneous matters, 1486–1699, concerning Lund and Denmark.

2: BRANCH OFFICE IN BERGEN 2.1: Internal affairs • • •

•

•

• • •

• •

2.1.1 (items 484–534): General information, 1458–1776, concerning Rostock, Wismar, Stralsund, Gdansk, Copenhagen. 2.1.2 (items 535–544): Draft books, 1647–1740. 2.1.3 (item 545): Exchequer. Also including: * 2.1.3.1 (items 546–559): Invoices and vouchers, 1576–1778. * 2.1.3.2 (items 560–564): Correspondence, 1568–1758. * 2.1.3.3 (items 565–599): Other papers, undated and 1528–1776, concerning Denmark. 2.1.4 Regulations, rights and oaths. Including: * 2.1.4.1 (items 600–607): Regulations, 1644–1743. * 2.1.4.2 (items 608, 609): Right concerning the properties (gardens) in Bergen (Gartenrecht), 1653–1734. * 2.1.4.3 (items 610–613): Oaths, 1584–1655. 2.1.5 Aldermen and advisory body (Achtzehnmänner). Including: * 2.1.5.1 (item 614): List of aldermen, c. 1700. * 2.1.5.2 (items 615–629): Single aldermen and advisory body, 1581– 1748. 2.1.6 (items 630–683): Clerks, archives, 1550–1787. 2.1.7 (items 686–690): Wine cellar, 1480–1778. 2.1.8 Trade courts, administrators and assistants. Including: * 2.1.8.1 (items 691–702): General information, 1563–1779. * 2.1.8.2 (items 703–778): Single courts and persons, 1473–1769. 2.1.9 (items 779–789): Fires, 1590–1762. 2.1.10 (items 790–827): Cargo and marine affairs, trade (also of private merchants), 1572–1783, concerning Flensburg, Kiel, Rostock, Zeeland, Finland and Denmark.

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck • •

569

2.1.11 (items 828–841): Quality and measures of commodities, 1593–1714, concerning Wismar, Stralsund, Anklam and Amsterdam. 2.1.12 (items 842–861): Violation of regulations, 1535–1660, concerning Rostock, Wismar, Stralsund, Greifswald and Gdansk.

2.2: Branch ofce affairs •

2.2.1 (items 862–863): Relations between Bergen and Lübeck, 1739–1740. Including: * 2.2.1.1 (items 864–917): Reports of the aldermen of the branch ofce to the Bergenfahrer in Lübeck, 1437–1771, also concerning Rostock, Holland and Denmark. * 2.2.1.2 (items 918–927): Reports of the branch ofce clerks to the Bergenfahrer in Lübeck, 1504–1720, concerning Copenhagen. * 2.2.1.3 (items 928–953): Reports of the aldermen of the branch ofce to the Lübeck Senate (town council), 1498–1668, concerning Stralsund, Gdansk and Copenhagen. * 2.2.1.4 (items 954–965): Aldermen in Lübeck to the aldermen of the branch ofce in Bergen, 1485–1699. * 2.2.1.5 (items 966–978): Lübeck Senate to the aldermen of the branch ofce, 1537–1699, concerning Stralsund. • 2.2.2 (items 979–986): Relations between the branch ofce and Hamburg, c. 1525–1724. • 2.2.3 (items 987–1015): Relations between the branch ofce and Bremen, 1585–1760, also concerning Stralsund, Kolobrzeg (Kolberg), Rostock. • 2.2.4 (items 1016–1019): Relations between the branch ofce and Dutch towns, 1476–1546, concerning Kampen, Zwolle and Deventer. • 2.2.5 (items 1020–1028): Relations between the branch ofce and the Wendish towns, 1530–1709. • 2.2.6 (items 1029–1031): Relations between the branch ofce and Gdansk, 1594–1745. • 2.2.7 (items 1032–1038): Relations between the branch ofce and private merchants, 1720–1744. 2.3: Commercial court • •

2.3.1 (items 1039–1047): Journals, 1581–1759. 2.3.2 (items 1048–1056): Single conicts, 1593–1754.

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2.4: Church affairs • • • • •

• •

2.4.1 (items 1057–1104): General information, 1408–1771, concerning Denmark. 2.4.2 (items 1105–1137): Exchequer of the churches and the almshouse, 1550–1750. 2.4.3 (items 1138–1143): Quarters for priests, 1598–1730. 2.4.4 (items 1145–1154): Miscellaneous, 1663–1760. 2.4.5 (item 1155): Priests of the branch ofce, c. 1600–1666. Including: * 2.4.5.1 (items 1156–1182): Alternation of priests, 1573–1752, concerning Wismar, Rostock and Stralsund. * 2.4.5.2 (items 1183–1185): Oaths for priests, 1610–1678. * 2.4.5.3 (items 1186–1212): Conicts with preachers, 1583–1749. * 2.4.5.4 (items 1213–1253): Miscellaneous, 1574–1753. 2.4.6 (items 1254–1272): Organists and ringers, 1669–1761. 2.4.7 (items 1273–1282): Saint Catherine almshouse, manufacture, 1703–1742.

3: PRIVILEGES, EDICTS, REGULATIONS, ORDERS AND CONTRACTS • •

3.1 (items 1284, 1286–1306): Privileges and their conrmation, 1455– 1746, concerning Denmark. 3.2 (items 1307–1338): Edicts, regulations, orders and contracts, 1471– 1813, concerning Denmark, Holland.

4: NEGOTIATIONS AND RELATIONS • • •

•

4.1 (items 1339–1346): Negotiations and regulations between various towns and the Bergenfahrer concerning Hanseatic diets, 1570–1672. 4.2 (items 1347–1406): Negotiations and regulations between various towns and the kings of Denmark and Sweden, 1515–1749. 4.3 (items 1407–1571): Negotiations and regulations between the branch ofce and the kings of Denmark and Sweden, undated and 1443–1779. 4.4 (items 1572–1579): Travelling expenses, c. 1595–1672, concerning Stralsund and Copenhagen.

5: REZESSE (AGREEMENTS) •

1580–1596: Rezesse, 1447–1672, concerning the Sound and Wendish towns.

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6: CONFLICTS 6.1 (item 1598): Conicts of the Bergenfahrer with other guilds in Lübeck, c. 1555. • 6.2 (item 1604): Conicts of the Bergenfahrer with Bergenfahrer from other towns, c. 1732. • 6.3 (item 1605): Conicts of the branch ofce in Bergen with Bergenfahrer from other towns, 1584, concerning Kolobrzeg (Kolberg), Stralsund and Rostock. • 6.4 (item 1618, 1625, 1628): Conicts of the Bergenfahrer with private persons, 1654–1795. • 6.5 (items 1633–1652): Conicts of the branch ofce in Bergen with private persons, c. 1560–1756. Including: * 6.5.1 (items 1653–1665): Conicts of the branch ofce in Bergen with a merchant from Hamburg, 1578–1614. * 6.5.2 (items 1666–1668): Conicts of a branch ofce assistant with the advisory board, 1738–1741. • 6.8 (item 1672): Bergenfahrer in Deventer, 1542. • 6.9 (items 1688–1690, 1696, 1699, 1701, 1704–1706): Private trade, 1659–1742, concerning Holland. Including: * 6.9.1 (items 1713–1719): Hamburg, 1576–1592. •

7: AVERAGE DUE TO PRIVATEERS AND SHIPWRECK •

1720–1728: Various papers, 1552–1719, concerning Sweden.

8: DUTIES FOR THE TOWN • • •

•

•

8.6 (item 2097–2098): Brewery, 1701–1775. 8.8 (items 2132, 2142, 2145, 2149, 2155): Commerce, 1716–1793, concerning Prussia, Flanders, St. Petersburg, Finland and France. 8.9 (items 2202–2205, 2208–2212, 2214, 2219, 2225, 2226, 2228, 2230, 2233): Foreign trade affairs, 1699–1825, concerning France, The Hague, Stockholm, Copenhagen, London, Pomerania, St. Petersburg and Tallinn. 8.12 (items 2267, 2269, 2270, 2274, 2276, 2278–2281): Consulates, 1720–1820, concerning Stockholm, Copenhagen, St. Petersburg and Prussia. 8.54 (items 3028, 3029, 3032, 3033, 3036): Toll and supplementary customs, 1728–1817, concerning St. Petersburg.

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Accessibility Inventory, “Kaufmännische Archive: Bergenfahrer” (in German). Record creator / provenance The record group developed from notes regarding the treasury and from various positions held by owners and members. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. The record group was initially given to the Hanseatic Archives of Lübeck in 1925 by the Kaufmannschaft (mercantile community) of Lübeck, who had acquired it in 1853. The record group was transferred to the Old Senate’s Archives in 1927 (including an older inventory compiled by the board of trade in 1887). Copies Items 2, 3, 20, 24, 53, 56, 535, 537, 538, 542, 692, 696, 1295 have been put on microlm. Related materials • • •

Old Senate’s Archives: External—Danica/Denmark (ASA Externa— Danica/Dänemark). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Trade with stocksh (ASA Interna— Stockschhandel). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Porter (ASA Interna—Träger); convolute 21.

Publications • • •

Bruns, Friedrich, Die Lübecker Bergenfahrer und ihre Chronistik (Hansische Geschichtsquellen, New Series, Vol. 2) (Berlin, 1900). Bruns, Friedrich, Das Frachtherrenbuch der Lübecker Bergenfahrer (Bergen, 1953). Graßmann, Antjekathrin (ed.), Das hansische Kontor zu Bergen und die Lübecker Bergenfahrer: International Workshop Lübeck 2003 (Veröffentlichungen zur Geschichte der Hansestadt Lübeck, Series B, Vol. 41) (Lübeck, 2003).

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

573

Merchants’ Archives: Hispanic Donations Record group Merchants’ Archives: Hispanic Donations Kaufmännische Archive: Hispanische Kollekte Reference code : not applicable Period : 1597–1981 Extent : 19 convolutes Abstract The record group of Hispanische Kollekte concerns the donations collected to strengthen trade relations with Spain. It consists of three sections: “Hispanic donations” (5 convolutes), “Old Hispanic donations” (1 convolute) and “New Hispanic donations” (13 convolutes). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1598–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Low German, Swedish, various languages

Relevant materials can be found in the second and third sections and include correspondence and other papers regarding conicts between merchants’ guilds, relations with Denmark with regard to the Sound passage, and Hanseatic trade with the Netherlands and Sweden. The items concern the following subjects: OLD HISPANIC DONATIONS • • • •

127: 135: 140: 141:

Separation of the Hispanic donations, 1696–1698. Sound passages, 1702–1800. Trade affairs with regard to the Netherlands, 1703–1706. Trade affairs with regard to Sweden, 1701.

NEW HISPANIC DONATIONS • •

79–103: England and Portugal 1432–1703. 104–116: The Netherlands, 1650–1703.

574 • • • • • •

•

germany

117, 118: Brandenburg, negotiations about free trafc to Sweden, 1676– 1678. 119–136: France, 1655–1766. 137–142: Sweden, shipment of commodities, legations, negotiations about Wismar’s privileges, correspondence about toll privileges, 1657–1695. 143: Trade to Courland, 1700–1701. 144–172: Denmark, Sound tolls, privileges, legations, shipment of commodities, correspondence, Sound lists, and Rostock, 1640–1776. 177–181, 184, 185, 193: Negotiations about internal circumstances, trade by foreigners including Dutchmen, customs, convoys, rights of ship crews, shipbuilding, 1607–1679. 197, 217: Invoices, Helsingør, 1610–1777.

Accessibility Inventory, “Hispanische Kollekte” (in German), with a concordance to the older inventory made by Johann Friedrich Behn in 1827. The inventory was originally included in the inventory of the archives of the merchants’ guild from 1887, but was revised from 1987 onwards. Record creator / provenance The Hispanic donations were founded in 1606 to support a legation to strengthen the Hanseatic trade relations with Spain. They included a customs duty on shipping and commodities concerning trade to the west. From 1619 the duties were used for a general increase of Lübeck’s trade. In 1697 the Hispanic donations were divided into the old and new Hispanic donations due to conicts among the leaders of the merchants’ guilds, which continued until 1853. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. The record group was initially given to the Hanseatic Archives of Lübeck in 1927. Related materials • •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Dröge (ASA Interna—Dröge). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Hispanic Donations (ASA Interna—Hispanische Kollekte).

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Publications •

Vogel, Walther, “Beiträge zur Statistik der deutschen Seeschiffahrt im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert”, in: Hansische Geschichtsblätter, 33 (1933), pp. 112–125.

Merchants’ Archives: Merchants’ Company Record group Merchants’ Archives: Merchants’ Company Kaufmännische Archive: Kaueutekompagnie Reference code : not applicable Period : 1450–1845 Extent : 6 convolutes, 6 metres Abstract The record group of Kaueutekompagnie (merchants’ company) comprises records deriving from or concerning upper-class long-distance traders, who rst joined forces in 1450, and refounded the company in 1582. The record group consists of six convolutes with 51 items concerning the exchequer and further administration of the guild. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1502–1799 : Germany, various countries : High German, Low German, various languages

The company’s journals and account books include relevant materials. JOURNALS • • • • • •

13: 14: 15: 16: 17: 18:

1672–1689. 1693–1708. 1709–1734. 1734–1746. 1747–1775. 1775–1797.

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BOOKKEEPING • • • • • • • •

25: 26: 27: 28: 29: 30: 31: 32:

Account book, 1502–1557. Receipts, 1542–1675. Account book, 1603–1681. Account book, 1611–1653. Account book, 1682–1834. Receipts, 1696–1791. Receipts, 1761–1794. Receipts, 1798–1799.

Accessibility Inventory, “Kaufmännische Archive: Kaueutekompagnie” (in German) (1996). Record creator / provenance The record group developed from notes regarding the treasury and from various positions held by owners and members. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not returned to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. At this point a new inventory replaced the older one from 1887 and individual records were removed. The record group was initially given to the Hanseatic Archives of Lübeck in 1925 by the Kaufmannschaft (mercantile community) of Lübeck, who had acquired it in 1853. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Merchants (ASA Interna—Kaufmannschaft).

Publications •

Graßmann, Antjekathrin: “Die Greveradenkompanie. Zu den führenden Kaueutegesellschaften in Lübeck um die Wende zum 16. Jahrhundert”, in: Stuart Jenks and Michael North (eds.): Der hansische Sonderweg? (Beiträge zur Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte der Hanse, Quellen und Darstellungen zur hansischen Geschichte, New Series, 39) (Cologne, 1993), pp. 109–134.

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

577

Merchants’ Archives: Novgorod Traders Record group Merchants’ Archives: Novgorod Traders Kaufmännische Archive: Novgorodfahrer Reference code : not applicable Period : 1450–1847 Extent : 12 convolutes, 6.3 metres Abstract The record group of Novgorodfahrer comprises records concerning the merchant guild trading with Russia, which was founded in the fteenth century. Like all merchant guilds, the Novgorodfahrer also fullled duties in the town. The record group consists of twelve convolutes with 427 items. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1459–1802 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Danish, High German, Low German, various languages

Relevant papers deal with the following subjects and periods: JOURNALS • • • • • • • • • • • •

15: Journal “B” and correspondence, 1603–1648. 16: Merchants’ book of Narva, 1563–1577. 17: Index for no. 15, 1603–1723. 18: Index for journal “C”, 1652–1723. 19: Index for journal “D”, 1674–1724. 20: Copy of no. 19. 21: Journals, 1705–1707. 22: Journals (copies), 1722–1735. 23, 24: Journals, 1749–1793. 29: Journals of the aldermen, 1766–1798. 30–33: Manual journals, 1766–1802. 33: Journal notes, 1671–1697.

578 • • • • • •

34: 35: 36: 37: 38: 39:

germany Journal and invoice notes, 1707–1726. Notes about resolutions, 1708–1713. Journal notes, 1709–1724. Journal notes and copies, 1736–1765. Journal copies, 1766–1768. Journals of Hermann Ive, 1799–1805.

BOOKKEEPING • • • • • • • • • • • • •

40: Ledger, 1772–1802. 43: Outgoing papers, 1610. 44: Account book of Hugo Schuckmann, 1650–1651. 45–48: Debt ledger, 1614–1624. 49: Exchequer, 1664–1669. 51–54: Cash ledger, 1740–1755. 59: Customs duties, 1525–1526. 63: Account on the branch ofces in Novgorod and Pleskau (Pskow), 1651–1692 and undated. 64: Receipts of Novgorod and Pleskau (Pskow), 1651–1652 and undated. 65: Account of a trip to Holstein in relation to Muscovite captives, 1653. 66: Accounts of the Muscovite captives, 1654–1663. 67: Salaries, 1663–1675. 68–115: Accounts and receipts, 1601–1800.

FOREIGN AFFAIRS, PARTICULARLY CONCERNING RUSSIA • • • • • • • •

150: Correspondence and notes about shipping equipment, soldiers and cannons, 1459–1469. 151: Decision about tolls in the town of Stade and the return of ships and commodities arrested by the Hanseatic towns, 1476. 153: Correspondence with merchants in Livonia, 1505–1517. 154: Deprivation due to Danish privateers, 1561–1570. 155: Allocation of convoys for cargo ships, 1571. 156: Correspondence with foreign merchants in Livonia and Denmark, 1574–1599. 157: Complaints of the merchants involved in trade with Livonia and Russia, 1598. 158–163: Letters from administrators of the branch ofces in Novgorod and Pleskau (Pskow), 1601–1726.

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck • • • • •

579

164: Letters of Johann Grotjohann from Stockholm, 1669–1673. 165: Report by Antonius von Erpen about his trip to Russia (copy), 1652. 166: Report by Hugo Schuckmann about his trip to Russia, 1652. 167: Swedish affairs, 1653–1673. 168: Letters and documents sent to Lübeck’s agents in St. Petersburg, 1775–1786.

CARGOES, SINGLE SKIPPERS AND MERCHANTS • •

173: Exchanges, 1579, concerning Stockholm. 174, Commodities, 1643, concerning Bergen.

BRANCH OFFICE EXCHEQUER • • • •

201–213: 1637–1785. 214: 1786–1794 (export only). 215: 1786–1800 (import only). 216: 1795–1802 (export only).

PRAMS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

301–356: Pram books, 1629–1786. 357: Pram book, 1788 (import only). 358: Pram book, 1789 (export only). 359, 360: Pram book, 1789–1790 (import 361: Pram book, 1791 (export only). 362, 363: Pram book, 1791–1792 (import 364: Pram book, 1793 (export only). 365, 366: Pram book, 1793–1794 (import 367: Pram book, 1795 (export only). 368, 369: Pram book, 1795–1796 (import 370: Pram book, 1797 (import only). 371: Pram book, 1799 (export only). 372: Pram book, 1799 (import only). 373: Pram book, 1800 (export only). 374: Pram book, 1800 (import only).

only). only). only). only).

Accessibility Inventory, “Kaufmännische Archive: Novgorodfahrer”, 1996 (in German).

580

germany

Record creator / provenance The record group developed from notes regarding the treasury and from various positions held by owners and members. Custodial history This record group was added to the Old Senate’s Archives in 1927. It belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. The record group was initially given to the Hanseatic Archives of Lübeck in 1925 by the Kaufmannschaft (mercantile community) of Lübeck, who had acquired it in 1853. The books of the branch ofce and regarding pram shipping were sorted by Arne Öhberg in 1954. Copies Item 16 has been put on microlm. Publications •

•

Harder-Gersdorff, Elisabeth, “Seehandel zwischen Lübeck und Rußland im 17./18. Jahrhundert nach Zollbüchern der Novgorodfahrer”, in: Zeitschrift des Vereins für Lübeckische Geschichte und Altertumskunde, 41 (1961), pp. 43–114 (see also p. 42 in the edition from 1962). Harder-Gersdorff, Elisabeth, “Lübeck, Die Kompagnie der Novgorodfahrer und der Rußlandhandel vor der Gründung St. Petersburgs. Eine Untersuchung zum 17. Jahrhundert”, in: Hansische Geschichtsblätter, 120 (2002), pp. 97–147.

Merchants’ Archives: Retailers Record group Merchants’ Archives: Retailers Kaufmännische Archive: Krämerkompagnie Reference code : not applicable Period : 1472–1978 Extent : 2 convolutes, 19 metres

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

581

Abstract The record group of the Krämerkompagnie comprises records concerning the merchant guild of retailers trading in single commodities, which was founded in the fteenth century. The record group consists of 2219 items, including papers regarding civil and other duties of the guild. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1424–1819 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Danish, High German, Low German, various languages

Relevant papers concern the following subjects: 1: MERCHANT GUILD •

•

1.1: Books. Including: * 1.1.1 (items 1, 2, 4–13, 18, 22): Journals, c. 1424–1808. * 1.1.3 (items 59–61, 65–95, 148–151, 153–155, 158–161): Invoice books and cash ledgers, 1576–1819. * 1.1.4 (items 163–171): Cash ledgers from aldermen and deputies, 1443–1800. * 1.1.6 (items 273–301): Receipts, 1602–1776. 1.6 (item 454): Testaments, 1573, concerning Denmark and Mecklenburg.

2: CIVIL DUTIES • •

•

2.2 (items 894, 898): Civil corporation, 1654–1766, concerning Bergen and Denmark. 2.9: Administration of the State. Including: * 2.9.6 Taxes; including section 2.9.6.2 (item 1576, 1599, 1604): Toll and supplementary customs, 1670–1791. 2.10: Foreign affairs. Including: * 2.10.1 (items 2082, 2083, 2085, 2089, 2090, 2092): Relations in Germany, 1621–1802, also concerning Denmark, Mecklenburg, Prussia and Riga. * 2.10.2 (items 2117, 2118, 2120–2123, 2129, 2136–2140, 2145, 2149, 2152–2155, 2162–2170): Relations with non-German states, 1614–1809, concerning Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, England, Russia and Poland.

582

germany

* 2.10.3 (items 2213, 2216): Consulates, 1763–1796, concerning Copenhagen, Stockholm and Amsterdam. Accessibility Inventory, “Kaufmännische Archive: Krämerkompanie” (in German) (1996). Record creator / provenance The record group developed from notes regarding the treasury and from various positions held by owners and members. Custodial history This record group was partly removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. It was initially given to the Hanseatic Archives of Lübeck in 1925 by the Kaufmannschaft (mercantile community) of Lübeck, who had acquired it in 1853. Related materials • •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Merchants (ASA Interna—Kaufmannschaft). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Trades (ASA Interna—Ämter).

Merchants’ Archives: Riga Traders Record group Merchants’ Archives: Riga Traders Kaufmännische Archive: Rigafahrer Reference code : not applicable Period : 1560–1887 Extent : 7 convolutes, 6 metres Abstract The record group of Rigafahrer comprises records concerning the merchant guild trading with Livonia, which probably developed out of the Schonenfahrer (Scania traders). It consists of 88 items including journals, invoices, indices and papers on the regulation of tolls and cargo.

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

583

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1551–1797 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, Sweden, various countries : High German, Low German, various languages

Relevant papers deal with the following subjects and periods: JOURNALS • •

1: 1739–1796. 2: 1797–1821

ALDERMAN • • • • • • • • • • •

13: Correspondence of the servants in the branch ofce, 1625. 14: Correspondence concerning Lübeck’s bank in Riga, 1569–1619. 15: Correspondence concerning Lübeck’s bank in Riga, 1620–1721 and undated. 17: Inconveniences in trade between Lübeck and Riga, 1550–1602. 18: Difculties in trade with Riga, 1632–1638. 19: Complaints about conventional customs in Riga, which are hindering Lübeck’s merchants, 1551–1602. 20: Register of merchants for Riga and Pernau (Pärnu), c. 1600. 21: Register of merchants for Sweden, Finland, Viipuri (Viborg) and Narva, 1610–1617. 22: Ships taken by Danish privateers, 1611. 23: Casualties due to Swedish privateers, 1613. 24: Memorandum concerning trade with England and Spain, 1612.

TOLL, COMMODITIES AND CARGO • • •

36: Toll of Riga, 1580–1613. 37: Roll chart of the skippers in Riga, 1586 and undated. 43: Sale of various commodities, 1587–1703.

BOOKKEEPING • • •

69: Receipts, 1689–1690. 70: Receipts, 1707–1743. 71: Receipts, 1787–1797.

584

germany

Accessibility Inventory, “Kaufmännische Archive: Rigafahrer” (in German) (1996). Record creator / provenance The record group developed from notes regarding the treasury and from various positions held by owners and members. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. At this point a new inventory replaced the older one from 1887, but the civil les are still not ordered. The record group was initially given to the Hanseatic Archives of Lübeck in 1925 by the Kaufmannschaft (mercantile community) of Lübeck, who had acquired it in 1853. Publications •

Siewert, Franz, Geschichte und Urkunden der Rigafahrer in Lübeck im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert (Hansische Geschichtsquellen, New Series, Vol. 1) (Rostock, 1893).

Merchants’ Archives: Retailers in Cloth Trade Record group Merchants’ Archives: Retailers in Cloth Trade Kaufmännische Archive: Gewandschneider Reference code : not applicable Period : 1410–1854 Extent : 18 convolutes, 6.5 metres Abstract The record group of the guild of Gewandschneider (which already existed in the thirteenth century) consists of 280 items, including regulations, journals, bookkeeping and papers on conicts and trade relations.

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

585

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1568–1808 : Germany, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Low German, various languages

Relevant papers deal with the following subjects and periods: JOURNALS • • • • • •

22: 23: 24: 25: 26: 27:

1661–1673. 1673–1788. 1688–1726. 1744–1764. 1765–1787. 1787–1808.

RETAILERS IN OTHER TOWNS • • •

110: Requests of the tailors in Rostock and Bremen in relation to Lübeck’s guild regulations, 1643–1644. 112: Collective complaints on the import of English cloth, 1642– 1647. 114: Ban on the trade in drapery from Brandenburg, 1715–1727.

CLOTH TRADE •

141: 1735–1742, concerning Leiden.

FOUNDATIONS •

152: 1745–1757, concerning Rostock.

FÄRBER (DYERS) AND TUCHMACHER (CLOTHIERS) •

170: Cloth (from abroad), 1568–1574 and seventeenth century, concerning Leiden and England.

RELATIONS AND CONFLICTS WITH OTHER COOPERATIVES •

219: Schonenfahrer (Scania traders, merchant guild), 1750, concerning Rostock.

586

germany

BOOKKEEPING • • • • • •

260: 261: 263: 264: 267, 280:

Account book, 1601–1646. Account book, 1646–1750. Cash ledger, 1582–1604. Account book, 1750–1754. 277: Receipts, 1591–1800. Receipts, sixteenth to eighteenth centuries.

Accessibility Inventory, “Kaufmännische Archive: Gewandschneider” (in German) (1996). Item 22 is not accessible due to water damage. Record creator / provenance The record group developed from notes regarding the treasury and from various positions held by owners and members. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. At this point a new inventory replaced the older one from 1887, but the civil les are still not ordered. The record group was initially given to the Hanseatic Archives of Lübeck in 1925 by the Kaufmannschaft (mercantile community) of Lübeck, who had acquired it in 1853. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Retailers in Cloth Trade (ASA Interna— Gewandschneider).

Merchants’ Archives: Scania Traders Record group Merchants’ Archives: Scania Traders Kaufmännische Archive: Schonenfahrer Reference code : not applicable Period : 1378–1853 Extent : 3 convolutes, 44 metres

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

587

Abstract The record group of Schonenfahrer comprises records concerning the merchant guild trading with Scania, which already existed in 1378 and occupied a leading position when it came to the civil duties of the merchant guilds. The material consists of three convolutes with 2532 items including papers concerning the postal service, which was administrated by the Schonenfahrer until 1813. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1535–1830 : Denmark, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Danish, Dutch, High German, Low German, Swedish, various languages

Relevant materials concern the following subjects: 1: BOOKS, SERIES •

•

• •

1.1: Journals. Including: * 1.1.1 (items 1–182, 230–232): Journals of the guild’s conventions, 1606–1814. * 1.1.2 (items 300–324.1): Manual journals, 1764–1810. * 1.1.3 (items 400–406): Deputy journals, 1725–1830. 1.3: Exchequer. Including: * 1.3.1 (items 500–503, 505–515): Account books, 1535–1802. * 1.3.2 (items 520–627): Receipts, 1609–1800. 1.4 (items 701–709): Journal digests, 1605–1828. 1.8 (items 932, 934, 936–938): Post books, 1679–1806, concerning Livonia, Russia, Sweden and Denmark.

2: FILES • • •

•

2.9 (items 1105, 1106): Legal opinions, 1721, concerning Rostock, Stockholm. 2.10 (item 1112): Requests for support, 1732, concerning Stralsund. 2.12: Branch ofces, trade abroad. Including: * 2.12.1 (items 1150–1170): Scania, Aalborg, Malmö, Ystad, Falsterbo, 1513–1727, also concerning Rostock and Gdansk (Danzig). 2.13: Relations with other guilds. Including:

588

•

• •

•

germany

* 2.13.2 (item 1196): Bergenfahrer, 1715. * 2.13.3 (item 1205): Novgorodfahrer, 1754. * 2.13.6 (items 1272, 1295–1299, 1301, 1302): Brewers, 1654–1750, concerning Bergen, Mecklenburg, Holstein. * 2.13.7 (items 1371, 1377): Schiffergesellschaft (skippers’ society), 1728–1768, concerning Libau (Liepaja), Wismar, Finland. 2.14 (items 1380–1387, 1430, 1463, 1466, 1521): Trade charges, 1695–1783, concerning Holstein, Szczecin (Stettin), Mecklenburg and Sweden. 2.15 (items 1662, 1677, 1740, 1763): Loans, 1605–1776, concerning Holstein, Copenhagen, Flamen (Flanders) and Gdansk. 2.16: Trade. Including: * 2.16.1 (items 1769–1771.1): Trade with Courland and Sweden, 1614–1720. * 2.16.2 (items 1772, 1775): Transit, foreign trade, customs duty, 1630–1755, concerning Copenhagen. 2.17: Merchants. Including: * 2.17.3 (item 1832): Hispanic donations, 1675, concerning Denmark. * 2.17.5 (items 1876, 1878): Sklavenkasse (slaves’ fund), 1693–1751, concerning Amsterdam and London.

3: POSTAL SERVICE •

•

• •

3.2: Hamburg’s postal system. Including: * 3.2.5 (item 2038): Receipts, postal charges, 1721–1786, concerning Holland and London. * 3.2.7 (item 2075): Routes to Gdansk and Schönberg, 1649–1681, also concerning Amsterdam and Rostock. 3.3: Wismar’s postal system. Including: * 3.3.1 (items 2100–2116): Lübeck’s post masters in Wismar, Swedish post authorities, 1683–1807, also concerning Rostock. * 3.3.2 (items 2125–2130): Lübeck’s post to Gdansk, 1651–1699. * 3.3.3 (items 2142, 2143, 2149, 2150): Postal charges, receipts, cards, 1754–1802, concerning Rostock, Anklam, Greifswald and Stralsund. * 3.3.5 (item 2159): Invitations, 1681–1708. 3.4 (items 2200–2204): Pomerania’s postal system, 1680–1748, concerning Rostock, Stralsund, Holstein and Szczecin. 3.5: Prussia’s postal system. Including: * 3.5.1 (items 2220–2223): Postal routes, 1677–1743, concerning Gdansk. * 3.5.2 (items 2226–2260): Postal service at Boizenburg, development, 1694–1809, also concerning Königsberg (Kaliningrad).

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

•

•

•

•

589

* 3.5.3 (items 2261–2264): Post to Livonia, Courland and Russia, 1695–1773. 3.6: Denmark’s, Holstein’s and Eutin’s postal system.s Including: * 3.6.1 (items 2299–2306): Eutin’s postal system, 1702–1778. * 3.6.2 (items 2315–2318): Post to Kiel, 1702–1778. * 3.6.4 (items 2330, 2333–2336): Status of Lübeck’s post masters, 1699–1775, also concerning Denmark. * 3.6.5 (items 2351–2353): Shipment completion, 1687–c. 1770, concerning Denmark. 3.7: Mecklenburg’s postal system. Including: * 3.7.1 (items 2400–2410): Contracts, general information, 1698– 1805. * 3.7.2 (items 2415–2420): Staff, receipts, 1697–1715. 3.9: Swedish post. Including: * 3.9.1 (items 2500–2505): General information, 1679–1736, also concerning Livonia. * 3.9.2 (items 2510–2512): Receipts, 1680–1740. 3.10 (items 2531–2532): Imperial post, 1687–1720, concerning Copenhagen.

Accessibility Inventory, “Kaufmännische Archive: Schonenfahrerkompanie” (in German) (1996). Items 9, 37–41, 44–46, 51, 54–55, 63, 81, 82, 87, 309, 312, 313, 705, 708, and parts of items 511–515 parts are missing. Record creator / provenance The record group developed from notes regarding the treasury and from various positions held by owners and members. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. At this point a new inventory replaced the older one from 1887, but the civil les are still not ordered. The record group was initially given to the Hanseatic Archives of Lübeck in 1925 by the Kaufmannschaft (mercantile community) of Lübeck, who had acquired it in 1853.

590

germany

Related materials • • •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Scania Traders (ASA Interna—Schonenfahrer). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Postal System (ASA Interna—Postwesen). Old Senate’s Archives: External—Sweden (ASA Externa—Suecica).

Publications •

Baasch, Ernst, Die Lübecker Schonenfahrer (Hansische Geschichtsquellen, New Series, 4) (Lübeck, 1922).

Merchants’ Archives: Stockholm Traders Record group Merchants’ Archives: Stockholm Traders Kaufmännsiche Archive: Stockholmfahrer Reference code : not applicable Period : 1574–1854 Extent : 10 convolutes, 4.5 metres Abstract The record group of the merchant guild of Stockholmfahrer comprises journals, bookkeeping and papers on the internal organisation of the guild. It consists of 148 items. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1574–1823 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden : Danish, High German, Low German, Swedish

Relevant papers deal with the following subjects and periods: JOURNALS • • • •

1: 2: 3: 4:

1668–1670. 1670–1672. 1676–1681. 1686–1688.

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck • • • •

5: 6: 7: 8:

591

1688–1690. 1695–1745. 1745–1784. 1784–1823.

BOOKKEEPING •

20: Account book, concerning the freighting of ships to Stockholm and Viipuri (Viborg), general outgoing papers and regulations for ships, skippers and cargo, 1574–1695.

PRAM SHIPPING •

5.3 (items 70–72): Pram dues, concerning calculations of carriage for commodities and customs, and registers of carriage and ships, 1639–1769.

TRADE • • •

100: Abolishment of trade barriers with Sweden, also regarding Denmark, 1611–1613. 101: Sold copper, 1612–1648. 102: Equipment of a ship, and Norrköping, seventeenth century.

CIVIL DUTIES •

147: Miscellaneous improvements, and toll, 1734.

Accessibility Inventory, “Kaufmännische Archive: Stockholmfahrer” (in German) (1996). Record creator / provenance The record group developed from notes regarding the treasury and from various positions held by owners and members. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. At this point a new inventory replaced the older one from 1887, but the civil les are still not

592

germany

ordered. The record group was initially given to the Hanseatic Archives of Lübeck in 1925 by the Kaufmannschaft (mercantile community) of Lübeck, who had acquired it in 1853. Copies Item 20 has been put on microlm. Related materials • •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Porters (ASA Interna—Träger); convolutes 18–21. Old Senate’s Archives: External—Suecica/Sweden (ASA Externa—Suecica/ Schweden).

Publications •

• •

Koppe, Wilhelm, Lübeck-Stockholmer Handelsgeschichte im 14. Jahrhundert, Abhandlungen zur Handels- und Seegeschichte, Vol. 2, (Neumünster, 1933). Rossi, Helga, Die Natie der Holmevarer zu Lübeck zwischen 1520 und 1540 (Kiel, 1959). Stecher, Max, Der deutsch-schwedische Handel in der Vergangenheit und die Lübecker Stockholmfahrer (Leipzig, 1922).

Old Senate’s Archives: External—Courland Record group Old Senate’s Archives: External—Courland Altes Senatsarchiv: Externa—Curonica Reference code : not applicable Period : 1545–1769 Extent : 2 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

593

Externa—Curonica comprises records concerning (Lübeck’s relations with) Courland (Latvia) and its citizens. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1545–1769 : Germany, Latvia : High German, Low German, various languages

The entire record group is relevant as it contains papers concerning conicts about trade, shipping, weights and measures, and the supply of commodities. In addition, it includes requests for loans and documents on inheritance. The papers deal with the following locations: • •

1 (items 1–5): Relations with Courland in general and the town of Ventspils, 1545–1742. 2 (items 6–11): Relations with the Courland towns of Liepaja (Libau), Ventspils and Jelgava, 1474–1769.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Externa Curonica” (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions.

594

germany

Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Copies The materials have been put on microlm.

Old Senate’s Archives: External—Denmark Record group Old Senate’s Archives: External—Denmark Altes Senatsarchiv: Externa—Danica Reference code : not applicable Period : 1290–1882 Extent : 16 sections Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Danica comprises records concerning all kind of relations with Denmark. It consists of 1065 items, divided into sixteen sections. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1404–1832 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Danish, Dutch, High German, Low German, Swedish, various languages

Sections 1–4 and 7–16 contain relevant materials. The papers deal with the following subjects: •

1: Proceedings about trade relations, privileges and alliances. Including from the following periods:

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

•

•

595

* 1.1 (item 1): General information, 1529, specically concerning Rostock, containing commodity and indemnication indexes, accoutrement against buccaneers, amnesties, conscations of ships, the Sound and other tolls, and withdrawal of trade rights. * 1.2 (items 2–4, 6–9): Period until the reign of Christina I (1448), 1404–1445, specically concerning Tallinn (Reval), Sweden, Prussia, Gdansk (Danzig), Wismar, Stralsund, Rostock, Kiel, the Netherlands and Bergen. * 1.3 (items 10–15): Reign of Christian I (1448–1481), 1447–1491, specically concerning Sweden. * 1.4 (items 16–33): Reign of John (1481–1513), 1483–1513, specically concerning Rostock, Stralsund, Wismar, Flensburg, Bergen, Gdansk, Fehmarn, Gotland and Nyköping. * 1.5 (items 34–40): Reign of Christian II. (1513–1523), 1513–1525, specically concerning Stralsund, Wismar, Rostock and Sweden. * 1.6 (items 41–54): Banishment of Christian II, 1523–1532 (1535). * 1.7 (items 55–66): Reign of Frederick I (1523–1533), 1523–1535, specically concerning the Netherlands. * 1.8 (items 67, 69–77): Reign of Christian III (1534–1559), 1535–1560, specically concerning Rostock, Stralsund, Wismar, Deventer, Bergen, Gotland and Mecklenburg. * 1.9 (items 78–80): Reign of Frederick I (1559–1588), 1560–1577, specically concerning Bergen, Scania, Aalborg and Segeberg. * 1.10 (items 81–98): Reign of Christian IV (1588–1648), 1597–1649, specically concerning Rostock, Stralsund, Wismar and Norway. *1.11 (items 99–104): Reign of Frederick III (1648–1670), 1649–1784, specically concerning Bergen, Norway and Glückstadt. * 1.12 (items 105, 106): Reign of Christian V (1670–1699), 1677–1685, specically concerning Russia and Sweden. * 1.13 (items 108, 109): Reign of Frederick IV (1699–1730), 1710– 1714. * 1.14 (item 110): Reign of Frederick V (1746–1766), 1752–1756, specically concerning the Netherlands. 2 (items 118–120, 122–125): Proceedings with foreign states and the Herzogshaus (ducal house) in Schleswig about Lübeck and proceedings of the Hanse with Denmark, 1474–1619, specically concerning Rostock, Stralsund and Wismar, including privileges, supplications against embargoes and correspondence between Hanseatic towns and others. 3 (items 126–129): Denmark’s warlike operations and trade relations with foreign states, 1644–1646, specically concerning Sweden. Including:

596

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* 3.2 (items 130–139): War by Eric of Denmark against the counts of Holstein, 1413–1445, specically concerning Rostock, Stralsund, Wismar, Greifswald and Anklam. * 3.3 (items 140–142): Uprising of Gustav Vasa, 1518–1522, concerning the Bergen branch ofce, Wismar, Rostock. * 3.4 (items 144–151): States General of the Netherlands, 1532–1690, concerning trade contracts and complaints about interference in maritime trafc. * 3.5 (item 157–159, 161, 162): Northern War (1563–1570), 1566–1572, specically concerning Sweden, Szczecin (Stettin), supplications of merchants, conrmation of trade privileges and privateering. * 3.6 (items 163–183): Denmark’s military measures during the Thirty Years’ War and before, 1610–1647, specically concerning Bergen, Gdansk (Danzig), Sweden, privateering, quartering, consignments, muster of Bergen’s branch ofce members and restitution. * 3.7 (items 184–191): Northern War (1655–1660), 1659–1666, specically concerning Sweden, Bergen and Trondheim. * 3.9 (items 192–194): New war against Sweden (1675–1679), 1675– 1678, specically concerning Sweden, Wismar, Stralsund, Greifswald and Livonia. * 3.10 (items 196, 197): Northern War (1700–1721), 1714, specically concerning Sweden. * 3.11 (item 199): Alliances of the Hanseatic towns against Denmark, 1614, specically concerning Holland. * 3.12 (items 200, 201): Relations to Russia, 1579–1762. 4 (items 203–210): Denmark as Lübeck’s neighbour, 1644–1700, concerning encroachments, interference of trade, privateering, quartering and contributions. 5 (item 212): Administrative replacement, 1702–1709, concerning the export of stocksh. 7: Obeisances. Including: * 7.1 (items 220–222): Visitations of the German territories, 1734– 1770. * 7.2 (items 223–224, 227–260): Letters of congratulation and condolence, 1596–1810. 8: Non-governmental relations, refunding after leakage, compendium for tolls. Including: * 8.1 (items 261–264, 266–273): Granting loans and refunding for members of the Danish royal house, 1457–1763, concerning Sweden. * 8.2 (items 274, 275): Forfeiting of parts of the sovereignty and chattels (regalia, crowns, silver), 1473–1542.

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* 8.3 (items 276–282): Private transactions, shipments, 1510–1737, concerning Bergen. • 9: Complaints and proceedings about tolls. Including: * 9.1 (items 284–311): Toll in the Sound until the Peace of Westphalia, 1560–1649, concerning Rostock, Stralsund, Wismar, Bergen, Russia and the Netherlands, England. * 9.2 (items 312–323): Toll in the Sound until 1855–1857, 1686–1848, concerning the Netherlands. * 9.4 (items 339–352): Toll in Norway, exemption from toll for Hanseatic merchants, tolls of Bergen, 1608–1751, concerning Sweden and Rostock. * 9.5 (items 353–359): Tolls and excise duties, 1516–1634, concerning Bergen. * 9.6 (item 361): Differential tolls, 1778. • 10: Subsidiaries by the Hanseatic merchants in the kingdom of Denmark, Bergen, Scania, Malmö, Aalborg, correspondence and complaints, lawsuits, church law, almshouse, concerns of German craftsmen. Including: * 10.1 (items 362–364): General information, 1558–1571. * 10.2: Branch ofce of Bergen, Wismar, Rostock, Stralsund, Anklam, Koobrzeg, Stavenger and Deventer. * 10.2.1 (items 365–389): Special privileges for Bergen, 1412–1747. * 10.2.2 (items 390–416): Constitution of the branch ofce, 1439– 1746. * 10.2.3 (items 417–422): Acceptance of assistants, 1554–1661. * 10.2.4 (items 423–451): Negotiations, 1447–1664. * 10.2.5 (items 452–462): Board of directors, 1670–1749. * 10.2.6 (items 463–475): Single commodities, 1479–1687. * 10.2.7 (items 476–482): Trade to England, Scotland, Iceland and the Orkneys, 1481–1666. * 10.2.8 (items 483–492): Invoices and fees, 1617–1740. * 10.2.9 (items 493–510): Relations between Bergen and the royal bailiff, 1427–1750. * 10.2.10 (items 511–529): Merchant guilds, 1418–1751. * 10.2.11 (items 530–554): Staple port (Stapelrecht), 1462–1715. * 10.2.12 (items 555–589): Register of the branch ofce, 1455–1761. * 10.2.13 (items 590–628): Church affairs, 1558–1767. * 10.2.14 (items 629–678): Deutsche Brücke, 1507–1754. * 10.2.15 (items 681–688): German craftsmen in the branch ofce, 1443–1674. * 10.2.16 (items 689–692): Conagration, 1598–1762.

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* 10.3 (items 693, 694): Hanseatic subsidiaries at Scania, 1571–1648. * 10.4 (items 695–703): Trade with Aalborg, 1421–1719. 11: Island of Bornholm (allied to Lübeck). Including: * 11.1 (items 704–712): General information, 1525–1577. * 11.2 (items 713–722): Lübeck’s administration and jurisdiction, 1543–1578. * 11.3 (items 723–735): Lübeck’s administrators, 1527–1578. * 11.4 (items 736–749): Financial affairs, customs clearance, bills, 1546–1604. * 11.5 (items 750, 751): Trade affairs, 1574–1668. * 11.6 (items 752–758): Building repairs, inventories, implements and materials, 1525–1577. 12: Gotland as Lübeck’s property. Including: * 12.1 (items 759–761): Basic principles, appropriation, 1524–1527. * 12.2 (items 762, 763): Lübeck’s bailiffs and reeves, 1525–1532. 13: Commercial matters, trafc conditions and police. Including: * 13.1 (items 764–774): Announcements and general commandments, 1581–1830, concerning Kiel. * 13.2 (items 777–781): Complaints and contraventions, 1542–1763. * 13.3 (item 783): Beacons, 1769–1818. * 13.4 (item 784): Trafc relations and connections, 1761–1762. * 13.5 (items 789–795): Postal systems, 1696–1698, concerning Danish post in Lübeck. * 13.6 (items 797, 798): Privileges for single persons, 1748–1766. 14: Shipping affairs. Including: * 14.1 (items 799–806): Wrecking, privileges, 1458–1826. * 14.2 (items 807–809): Ship’s complement, 1569–1670. * 14.3 (items 812–823): Privateering, 1450–1816, concerning Russia. 15: Requests for legal assistance. Including: * 15.1 (items 827–839): Mutual intercessions for Danish subjects in Lübeck and Lübeck citizens in Denmark, 1478–1718. * 15.2 (items 840–863): Lawsuits, fourteenth century-1832, concerning Kiel, Bergen and Trondheim. * 15.3 (items 866–876): Heritages and inheritances, 1463–1745, concerning Bergen. * 15.4 (items 877–888): Debts, exchequer, transactions in commodities, 1443–1661, concerning Bergen, Wismar, Kolobrzeg and Leiden, 1513–1710. * 15.5 (item 889): Complaints about trade by guests, 1555–1562, concerning Rönne, Nexö, Svaneke and Hasle.

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* 15.6 (items 890–905): Felonies (theft, injury, murder), 1455–1820, concerning Bergen. * 15.7 (items 907–909): Privileges of protection by the German Emperor, 1528–1613, concerning Mecklenburg and Bergen. * 15.8 (item 910): Requests for support, 1610–1611. 16: Diplomatic relations. Including: * 16.2 (items 912, 915–933, 943–945): Denmark at the Lower Saxon Circle respectively in Lübeck, 1463–1810. * 16.3 (items 949–953, 955–992, 1006–1021, 1050): Lübeck and the Hanse in Denmark, 1657–1814.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Externa Danica” (in German). Items 7, 83, 134, 221, 272, 281, 284–288, 293, 298–299, 307, 310–311, 314–315, 346, 348–352, 353, 361, 371, 390, 392–393, 396, 399, 417, 419, 464, 506–507, 553, 540, 602–603, 606, 611–613, 621, 624, 629, 658, 660, 693, 695, 697–703, 738, 764, 784, 799–803, 814, 953 are missing. Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit near Bernburg. It was not returned to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s.

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Copies The materials have been put on microlm. Publications Editions of items 3, 6, 10, 14, 15, 19, 22, 26, 38, 56, 61, 69, 130, 135, 137, 139, 145, 148, 476, 494, 511, 530, 555, 672, 687, 759, 813, 842, 891–893, 915 can be found in: •

• •

Hanserecesse, Abtheilung II, Vols. 4, 5 (Leipzig, 1888–1890), Abtheilung III, Vols. 1, 3, 5, 7–9 (Leipzig, 1881–1910), Abtheilung IV, Vols. 1, 2 (Cologne, Weimar, 1941–1970). Urkundenbuch der Stadt Lübeck / Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis, Vols. 5–11 (Lübeck, 1877–1905). Hansisches Urkundenbuch, Vols. 10, 11 (Leipzig, 1907, Munich, 1916).

Old Senate’s Archives: External—England Record group Old Senate’s Archives: External—England Altes Senatsarchiv: Externa—Anglicana Reference code : not applicable Period : 1352–1896 Extent : c. 800 items Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Anglicana comprises records concerning all kind of relations with England. It consists of fourteen sections (the items of which are not numbered). Relevant contents Period Countries involved

: 1424–1820 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck Languages

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: Danish, Dutch, English, French, High German, Latin, Low German, Russian, various languages

Since England played an important role in Hanseatic trade in the west, many of the records are relevant. The following papers are of particular interest for the inuence England and English trade had in the Baltic Sea area, dealing with privileges for the Sound passage, privateering, general conicts and regulations on trade and tolls. Furthermore, they concern Dutch trade barriers and other shipping barriers in war time, legations and conrmations of trade privileges. Relevant papers, ordered per section, regard the following periods and subjects: NEGOTIATIONS CONCERNING TRADE, SHIPPING AND PRIVILEGES •

• • •

Up to the Treaty of Utrecht, 1428–1577: concerning the Sound, Bruges, Gdansk (Danzig), Elblag, Torun, Prussia, Bergen, Flanders, Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Wismar, Rostock, Stralsund, Riga, Tallinn (Reval), Tartu and Denmark. Due to the Treaty of Utrecht, 1473–1474. Up to the Navigation Acts of 1651, 1491–1654: concerning Gdansk, Antwerp, Bruges, Rostock, Stralsund and Wismar. Up to the Treaty of Amiens of 1802, 1655–1713: concerning the Netherlands.

CONTRACTS WITH OTHER STATES, LAWS, REGULATIONS • •

1614–1706: concerning Denmark and the Netherlands. Trade between England, Bergen/Norway, the Hanse and Lübeck, 1666– 1669: concerning Denmark, Rostock and Norway.

TOLLS AND CONTRIBUTIONS •

1504–1564: concerning Stralsund, Rostock and Wimar.

TRADE IN ENGLISH DRAPERY •

1437–1487: concerning Flanders and Holland.

TRADE IN OTHER COMMODITIES •

1453–1605: concerning Gdansk.

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APPEARANCE OF “MERCHANTS ADVENTURERS” IN HANSEATIC TOWNS •

1567–1613: concerning Stralsund, Gdansk and Amsterdam.

LETTERS OF CONGRATULATION AND CONDOLENCE •

1660–1805: concerning Denmark.

DIPLOMATIC REPRESENTATION • •

England at the Lower Saxon Circle in Hamburg, 1449–1820. Hanseatic representation in London, 1781–1782.

ADMINISTRATION OF THE STEELYARD IN LONDON • • • • • • • • • • • • •

General information, steelyard committee, journals, 1585–1826. Correspondence of the eldermen of the Steelyard, 1424–1604, concerning Bruges, Gdansk and Riga. Negotiations about (trade) privileges, 1475–1739. Exchequer, 1537–1748, concerning Bruges, Antwerp, Bergen and Gdansk. Contributions to the English crown and the town of London, 1437– 1800. Miscellaneous, 1498–1569. Steelyard receipts, 1546–1783. Cash journals, 1744–1770. Administration, rights of the Steelyard and single merchants, 1437–1757, concerning Antwerp. Steelyard masters, agents of the Hanseatic towns, approbation, correspondence and lawsuits, 1590–1814, concerning Russia. Fires, repairs, rebuilding, 1664–1761, concerning Stralsund and Gdansk. Hire and lease, 1623–1752. Sale of the Steelyard, 1632–1636, concerning The Hague.

MUTUAL CALLS FOR LEGAL ASSISTANCE, LAWSUITS •

1449: concerning Szczecin.

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PRIVATEERING, CONFISCATION, CAPTURE •

1426–1689: concerning Holland, Zeeland, the Sound, Bergen, Rostock, Holstein, Flanders, Bruges, Antwerp, Gdansk, Denmark, Stockholm, Riga.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Externa Anglicana” (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit near Bernburg. It was not returned to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Copies The materials have been put on microlm. Publications •

Jörn, Nils, With money and bloode, der Londoner Stalhof im Spannungsfeld der englisch-hansischen Beziehungen im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert (Cologne, 2000).

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Editions of the items can be found in: • • •

Hanserecesse, Vols. I–III (Leipzig, 1870–1913). Urkundenbuch der Stadt Lübeck / Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis, Vols. 6–11 (Lübeck, 1881–1905). Lappenberg, Johann Martin, Urkundliche Geschichte des hansischen Stahlhofs zu London, Hamburg 1851.

Old Senate’s Archives: External—German Territories and States / Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck Record group Old Senate’s Archives: External—German Territories and States / PrinceBishopric of Lübeck Altes Senatsarchiv: Externa—Deutsche Territorien und Staaten / Hochstift Lübeck Reference code : not applicable Period : 1429–1867 Extent : 334 items Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Hochstift Lübeck (Prince-Bishopric Lübeck) comprises records concerning diplomatic and military affairs, church regulations, laws, economics, trade, properties and debts, with regard to the real estate of the bishop and the chapter. The record group consists of eleven sections. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1524–1776 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden : Danish, High German, Low German, various languages

Sections 1, 2, 5 and 8 contain relevant materials, dealing for instance with tolls and customs, quartering in war times, trade and trading routes as well as migration and diplomacy (for example in demands for payment). The

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relevant items concern the following periods and subjects (arranged per section): 1: DIPLOMATIC AFFAIRS • •

17, 18, 20: Ceremonials, 1771–1774, concerning Sweden and Denmark. 22, 29: Internal affairs, 1537–1743, concerning Denmark.

2: WAR AND MILITARY AFFAIRS •

30, 34, 36, 38, 40, 43: 1524–1725, concerning Denmark.

5: ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL AFFAIRS • • • •

84: Tolls and customs, 1772–1776. 93, 94: Trade and trafc, 1623–1713, concerning Mecklenburg and Denmark. 109, 113, 115: Public debts, 1573–1653, concerning Stralsund and Denmark. 123: Private debts, 1647, concerning Sweden.

8: CIVIL STATUS SUITS •

180: Disappeared subjects and villains, 1723, concerning Mecklenburg.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Externa Deutsche Territorien und Staaten”, Vol. 1 (in German). Record creator / provenance The Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck was part of the Reichsstände (represented in the Reichstag) and a member of the Lower Saxon Circle since 1500. Although the diocese of Lübeck held a much higher level of power, the Prince-Bishopric with its rather small domain kept its inuence as the only protestant clerical Reichsstand because of its involvement in the selection of the bishop of Holstein-Gottorp. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit near Bernburg. It was not returned to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s.

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Copies The materials have been put on microlm. Publications •

Hauschild, Wolf-Dieter, Kirchengeschichte Lübecks (Lübeck, 1981).

Old Senate’s Archives: External—German Territories and States / Prince-Bishopric of Ratzeburg Record group Old Senate’s Archives: External—German Territories and States / PrinceBishopric of Ratzeburg Altes Senatsarchiv: Externa—Deutsche Territorien und Staaten / Hochstift Ratzeburg Reference code : not applicable Period : 1424–1867 Extent : 288 items Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Hochstift Ratzeburg (Prince-Bishopric Ratzeburg) comprises records concerning diplomatic and military affairs, land extension, church affairs, economics, prosecution and public policy, border affairs and accommodations and properties. It consists of eleven sections. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1491–1753 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden, various countries : Danish, High German, Low German, Swedish, various languages

Relevant materials contain regulations concerning tolls, the transit and export of commodities and arrests. They also deal with diplomatic issues, war and peace. The items concern the following periods and subjects (arranged per section):

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1: DIPLOMATIC AFFAIRS •

336, 342, 359: Legations, negotiations, alliances, fteenth century-1545, concerning Wismar, Rostock and Mecklenburg.

2: WAR AND MILITARY AFFAIRS •

380, 382, 388: 1507–1684, concerning Mecklenburg.

4: LAND EXTENSION •

395: Roads, 1707–1740, concerning Wismar.

5: ECONOMICS • • • • • •

403: Tolls and customs, 1732, concerning Mecklenburg and Kiel. 406, 410, 411: Trade and trafc, 1505–1753, concerning Mecklenburg. 415: Trades, 1666, concerning Mecklenburg. 433, 435: Public debts, seventeenth century, concerning Mecklenburg and Denmark. 447, 453: Private debts, 1601–1731, concerning Mecklenburg. 467: Inheritances and estates, 1666, concerning Mecklenburg.

6: PROSECUTION AND PUBLIC POLICY •

483, 490–491, 501: Assaults, property offences, criminal cases, 1491–1853, concerning Mecklenburg, Denmark.

10: BORDER AFFAIRS • •

553: Schlutup’s border, 1670, concerning Mecklenburg. 581: Escorts, 1580–1618, concerning Mecklenburg, Brandenburg, the Netherlands and Pomerania.

11: USE OF ACCOMMODATION AND PROPERTIES IN LÜBECK •

597, 604–605, 611, 617: 1589–1733, concerning Mecklenburg, Denmark and Sweden.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Externa Deutsche Territorien und Staaten”, Vol. 1 (in German).

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Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit near Bernburg. It was not returned to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Copies The materials have been put on microlm.

Old Senate’s Archives: External—Livonia Record group Old Senate’s Archives: External—Livonia Altes Senatsarchiv: Externa—Livonica Reference code : not applicable Period : 1419–1903 Extent : 128 convolutes

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Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Livonica (Livonia) contains records concerning all relations, mostly of a mercantile nature, of Lübeck with Livonia and Livonian merchants all over the Baltic Sea area. It consists of ten sections. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1419–1805 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : High German, Low German, Russian, Swedish, various languages

The entire record group contains relevant materials, dealing with Hanseatic and Lübeck privileges for trade in all kinds of commodities, correspondence about transit and trade embargoes, legal proceedings about trade and private cases, conicts between merchants and statesmen during war times and other war-related issues, and the Teutonic Order. The materials also include records concerning privateering and obstructions of shipping. Relevant items concern the following periods and subjects (arranged per section): 1: PEACE NEGOTIATIONS AND PRIVILEGES OF THE TEUTONIC ORDER •

1–6: 1460–1588, concerning Courland, the Neman River, Livonia, Riga, Reval, Saaremaa and Moscow.

2: PEACE NEGOTIATIONS AND TRADE PRIVILEGES OF FOREIGN POWERS (SWEDEN AND DENMARK) •

7–11: 1531–1691, specically concerning Holstein, Tallinn (Reval), Narva and Gotland.

3: NEGOTIATIONS WITH RUSSIA •

3.1 (items 12–18): Arguments and trade barriers, 1419–1624, specically concerning Wismar, Novgorod, Flanders, Riga, Tallinn, Denmark and Gdansk (Danzig).

610 •

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3.2 (items 19, 20): Eligibilities at the branch ofce (Kontor) of Novgorod, 1419–1559, concerning Livonia, Russia, Denmark and Pomerania.

4: REICH’S RELATIONS WITH LIVONIA, INVOLVEMENT OF REICHSGERICHTE (IMPERIAL COURTS) •

23–25: 1442–1560, concerning Tartu, Szczecin, Mecklenburg, Pomerania and Denmark.

5: FREE TRANSIT, SELLING LICENCES, CONTRIBUTIONS •

26, 27: 1594–1652, concerning Reval, Narva and Russia.

6: OBSTRUCTIONS DUE TO CONFINEMENT, ETC. •

28–32: 1454–1597, concerning Denmark, Flanders, Livonia, Szczecin and Sweden.

7: PRIVATE CALLS FOR LEGAL ASSISTANCE • •

33–41: 1477–1691, concerning Stralsund, Gdansk, Courland and Livonia. 7.1 (items 42–45): Involvement of Lübeck’s merchant guilds, 1559–1676, concerning Viipuri (Viborg), Tallinn, Narva, Riga, Sweden and Russia.

8: LÜBECK’S RELATIONS WITH LIVONIAN TOWNS • • •

•

• • •

46–47: 1709–1782, concerning Narva, Tartu, Riga and Russia. 8.1 (items 48–56): Lübeck’s relations with Tartu (town and diocese), private calls for legal assistance, 1427–1753, concerning Dithmarschen. 8.2 (items 57–93): Lübeck’s relations with Tallinn, mostly private calls for legal assistance, 1419–1754, concerning Russia, Wismar, Narva, Novgorod and Riga. 8.3 (items 94–100): Lübeck’s relations with Riga (town and archbishopric), mostly private calls for legal assistance, 1434–1805, including registers of export. 8.4 (items 101–111): Lübeck’s relations with Narva and Nyenschantz, 1540–1719, concerning Russia, Sweden and Copenhagen. 8.5 (items 112–114): Lübeck’s relations with Pärnu, 1455–1755. 8.6 (items 115, 116): Lübeck’s relations with Saaremaa (Swedish period), 1635–1694, concerning Sweden.

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

611

9: TEUTONIC ORDER IN LÜBECK, ACCESSIONS •

Items 117, 118: 1543–1548.

10: COMMODITIES • • • •

10.1 (items 119, 120): Trade in rye, 1524–1545, concerning Riga and Tallinn. 10.2 (item 121): Trade in fur and wax, 1521, concerning Livonia. 10.3 (items 122–124): Trade in ax, hemp and tallow, 1537–1569, concerning Riga and Tallinn. 10.4 (items 125–128): Other commodities, 1465–1587, concerning Reval, Saaremaa and Stralsund.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Externa Livonica” (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit near Bernburg. It was not returned to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s.

612

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Copies The materials have been put on microlm. Publications Editions of the items 2, 3, 12, 13, 19–21, 28–30, 33, 48, 57, 60, 62, 64, 66, 96, 112 can be found in: • • •

Hanserecesse, Abtheilung II, Vols. 1, 3–6 (Leipzig, 1876–1890), Abtheilung III, Vols. 1, 4 (Leipzig, 1881–1890). Urkundenbuch der Stadt Lübeck / Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis, Vols. 6, 8–11 (Lübeck, 1881–1905). Hansisches Urkundenbuch, Vol. 8 (Leipzig 1899).

Old Senate’s Archives: External—Poland Record group Old Senate’s Archives: External—Poland Altes Senatsarchiv: Externa—Polonica Reference code : not applicable Period : 1424–1785 Extent : 5 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Externa— Polonica comprises records about the relations between Lübeck and Poland during that period, especially concerning trade affairs. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1424–1785 : Estonia, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Low German, Polish, various languages

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

613

All ve convolutes contain relevant papers. They deal with various topics and include correspondence between Lübeck, Poland and its king, the Teutonic Order and Gdansk about trade, peace negotiations, obstruction of shipping and privateering. Relevant materials concern the following subjects: •

• • • •

1: Proceedings about peace negotiations, privileges, freedom of trade and privateering. Including: * 1.1 (items 1–3, 5): Proceedings until the accession to power by King Henry of Valois in 1573, concerning Gdansk, Königsberg, Elblag, Riga, Saaremaa, Bruges, Bergen and Novgorod, 1455–1552. * 1.2 (items 6–11): Conicts related to Duke Karl of Södermanland, concerning Sweden, Livonia, Stralsund and Szczecin, 1598–1607. * 1.3 (items 12–20): Proceedings until the end of the First Nordic War in 1660, concerning Livonia (Riga, Narva), Russia, Sweden, Denmark and England, 1603–1679. * 1.4 (item 21): Proceedings until the rst partition of Poland in 1772, 1772–1773. 2 (item 22): Diplomatic representatives and legations, 1711. 3 (items 23, 24): Requests for legal assistance, concerning Gdansk, Warsaw and Russia, 1493–1598, 1785. 4 (items 25–27): Request concerning intercession and war and church support, concerning Brandenburg, 1589–1775. 5: Trade affairs. Including: * 5.1 (items 28–29): Toll affairs, concerning Gdansk, 1424, 1637– 1638. * 5.2 (items 30, 31): Trade in copper, concerning Sweden, 1598– 1605. * 5.3 (item 32): Trade with Russia, 1570.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Externa Polonica” (in German). Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Copies The materials have been put on microlm.

614

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Publications Editions of items 1, 3, 28 can be found in: • •

Hanserecesse, Abtheilung II, Vol. 5 (Leipzig, 1888). Urkundenbuch der Stadt Lübeck / Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis, Vols. 6, 10 (Lübeck, 1881–1905).

Old Senate’s Archives: External—Prussia Record group Old Senate’s Archives: External—Prussia Altes Senatsarchiv: Externa—Borussica Reference code : not applicable Period : 1419–1888 Extent : 10 items Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Externa—Borussica comprises records concerning (Lübeck’s relations with) the state of the Teutonic Order and subsequently the Duchy (1525–1701) and Kingdom (1701–1918) of Prussia. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1421–1853 : Germany, Lithuania, Poland : High German, Low German

Relevant materials consist of correspondence, exchanged within or between Lübeck, the Teutonic Order and several towns in Prussia, as well as other papers concerning various matters, including private, trade and judicial conicts. This record group consists of 231 items, divided into 10 series. The relevant papers deal with the following subjects: •

1 (items 4–7): Internal matters of the state of the Teutonic Order, respectively Prussia, 1455–1518.

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck • • •

•

• • •

•

615

2 (items 14–19, 21, 22): Relations between Prussia, the Holy Roman Empire and other states, 1421–1482, 1567–1569. 3 (item 24): Property of the Teutonic Order in Lübeck, 1500–1601. 4: Lübeck’s relations with Prussian governmental departments and towns. Including: * 4.1 (items 25, 26): Departments, 1632–1712. * 4.2 (item 29): Livonian part of the Teutonic Order, 1473–1522. * 4.3 (items 30–37): Gdansk (Danzig), 1428–1773. * 4.4 (items 38–46): Königsberg (Kaliningrad), 1429–1794. * 4.5 (items 48–50): Elblag (Elbing), 1464–1709. * 4.6 (item 51): Braunsberg, 1465. * 4.7 (items 52–55): Memel (Klaipeda), 1446–1770. * 4.8 (items 56–59): Torun (Thorn), 1434–1740. * 4.9 (item 61): Marienburg, 1675–1688. * 4.11 (item 63): Risenberg and Friedland, 1675–1688. * 4.12 (item 64): Stargard, 1632. * 4.13 (item 65): Szczecin (Stettin), 1478. * 4.14 (item 67): Welau, 1479. * 4.15 (item 68): Tilsit, 1728. * 4.16 (item 69): Konitz, 1652. 5: Matters of trade. Including: * 5.1 (items 70–73, 79): Trade barriers, negotiations about privileges, and trade and naval agreements, fteenth century, 1554–1717. * 5.2 (items 80, 84): Trade in corn and other commodities, 1444, 1698–1799. * 5.3 (items 85, 86): Trade in amber, 1422–1468. * 5.4 (items 87, 89–98): Privateering, conscation, and captures, 1426– 1480, 1607–1678. * 5.5 (items 99–102): Customs affairs, 1421–1853. 6 (items 104–107): Monetary matters, 1581–1582. 7 (items 113, 118): Applications for administrative assistance, 1712– 1805. 9: Diplomatic Relations. Including: * 9.11 (items 128–146): Embassy at the Prussian Court in Berlin, 1743–1803. 10 (item 231): Letters of congratulation and condolence, 1499.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Externa Borussica”, Vol. 1.1–3 (in German).

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Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit near Bernburg. It was not returned to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Copies The materials have been put on microlm. Publications Editions of the items 4, 5, 16, 19, 29, 30, 39, 48, 56, 85, 92–95 can be found in: • •

Hanserecesse II, Abtheilung II, Vols. 4–5 (Leipzig, 1888–1890). Urkundenbuch der Stadt Lübeck / Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis, Vols. 6–11 (Lübeck, 1881–1905).

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

617

Old Senate’s Archives: External—Russia Record group Old Senate’s Archives: External—Russia Altes Senatsarchiv: Externa—Ruthenica Reference code : not applicable Period : 1401–1884 Extent : 238 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Ruthenica includes records about Lübeck’s relations with Russia and Russian merchants. It consists of eight sections. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1421–1814 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, various countries : High German, Low German, Russian, various languages

All sections contain relevant materials, dealing with trade and toll agreements, regulations in war times and during trade barriers, and privateering, as well as migration to and cultural relations with Russia. Relevant items concern the following periods and subjects (arranged per section): 1: TRADE PRIVILEGES, TRADE AND SHIPPING AFFAIRS •

• •

1.1 (items 1–8): Trade barriers, negotiations about peace and trade up to the closure of the branch ofce in Novgorod in 1494, 1421–1469, concerning Livonia, Tallinn, Pärnu and Sweden. 1.2 (items 9–16): Trade with Russia during the increasing leadership of the Livonian towns up to the Livonian War in 1558–1583, 1451–159. 1.3 (items 17–34): Legations for the revitalisation of the trade with Russia up to the foundation of St. Petersburg in 1703, 1586–1697, concerning Moscow, Novgorod, Pleskow, Kaliningrad, Tartu, Narva, Sweden and Finland.

618 •

• • •

germany

1.4 (items 35–52): Negotiations about trade and shipping relations up to the end of the French Revolutionary Wars, 1707–1809, concerning Russia, Novgorod, Pleskow, St. Petersburg, Kiel and Sweden. 1.5 (item 53): Trade and shipping relations, 1703–1708, concerning Russia. 1.6 (items 72, 73): Toll affairs, 1747–1825, concerning St. Petersburg. 1.7 (items 77–89): Branch ofces in Novgorod, Tartu, Pleskow and Moscow, 1441–1701, also concerning Visby.

2: RUSSIA’S RELATIONS WITH THE REICH AND OTHER STATES •

90–98, 101: 1493–1797, concerning Prussia, Livonia, Denmark and Sweden.

4: EMIGRATION TO RUSSIA •

Items 105–108: 1764–1786

5: CULTURAL AND OTHER RELATIONS •

111: 1765–1766.

6: DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS • •

6.1 (items 115–125, 134–140): Russia’s diplomatic relations with Germany, 1710–1810. 6.2 (items 147, 150–157): Diplomatic relations of Lübeck and the Hanseatic towns in Russia, 1756–1805, concerning Mecklenburg, Gdansk (Danzig) and Kiel.

7: LETTERS OF CONGRATULATION AND CONDOLENCE •

190–226: 1725–1810.

8: CALLS FOR LEGAL ASSISTANCE •

227, 228, 232, 233: 1637–1755, concerning Turku.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Externa Ruthenica” (in German). Item 13 is missing.

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

619

Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit near Bernburg. It was not returned to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Copies The materials have been put on microlm. Publications Editions of various items can be found in: • •

Hanserecesse, Vols. I–III (Leipzig, 1870–1913). Urkundenbuch der Stadt Lübeck / Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis, Vols. 5–9 (Lübeck, 1881–1993).

620

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Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Alliances Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Alliances Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Confoederationes (Tohopesaten) Reference code : not applicable Period : 1417–1630 Extent : 2 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Confoederationes (Tohopesaten) comprises records concerning meetings of political allies among the Hanseatic towns and individual circles, in particular the Wendish Circle. The record group is chronologically arranged and thus divided into two convolutes: the rst comprising records up to 1500 (26 items); the second containing records after 1500 (16 items). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1417–1604 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden : Danish, High German, Low German, Swedish, various languages

Both convolutes are relevant. The items concern the following subjects: Convolute 1: Alliances up to 1500. Relevant items in this convolute include information about various alliances, especially of towns in the western part of the Baltic region. • • • • •

1: Alliance between Lübeck, Rostock, Stralsund, Lüneburg, Wismar, Greifswald, 1417. 4: Public peace alliance of 36 towns, 1441. 5: Alliance between 40 towns, concluded in Lüneburg, 1443. 6: Meeting in Stralsund, 1443. 9: Alliance of protection between towns of all circles for ten years, 1447.

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck • • • • • • • •

621

11: Alliance of protection between 52 towns, 1450, and its conrmation, 1451. 13: Suggestion for a new agreement made by Rostock, 1457. 15: Alliance between Lübeck and Wismar, 1461. 19: Alliance between 19 towns, 1476. 21: Rostock’s excuse for the Lüneburg meeting, 1482. 22: Alliance between eleven towns, 1483. 23: Alliance between towns of the Wendish Circle, 1486. 26: Alliance between Lübeck, Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein, 1498.

Convolute 2: Alliances after 1500. Relevant items in this convolute also include information about various alliances, especially of towns in the eastern part of the Baltic region. • • • • • • • •

1: Draft of an alliance between the Wendish Circle and Sten Sture (fragment), 1503. 3: Alliance between the towns of the Wendish Circle, 1509. 4: Alliance between Lübeck, Hamburg and the duke of Schleswig-Holstein, 1509. 7: Alliance between Lübeck and Gdansk against Denmark, 1522. 8: Draft of an alliance between Schleswig-Holstein and the towns of the Wendish Circle, 1523. 11: Alliance of protection between the towns of the Wendish Circle, 1542. 12: Alliance between the towns of the Wendish Circle, 1545. 13: Alliance between the Hanseatic towns, 1604.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 2 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well.

622

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In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit near Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s.

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Appeals Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Appeals Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Appellationen Reference code : not applicable Period : 1419–1779 Extent : 19 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Appellationen contains appeals to the town court from the towns in the Baltic Sea region governed by Lübeck law (lübisches Recht), which include appeals in relation to conicts between merchants. The record group consists of seven regional sections: “General information”, “Towns of Holstein”, “Towns of Lauenburg”, “Towns of Mecklenburg”, “Towns of Pomerania”, “Towns of Prussia”, and “Towns of Livonia”.

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

623

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1419–1725 : Estonia, Germany, Poland : High German, Low German, various languages

The relevant materials concern the following subjects: •

•

•

• •

1 (item 11): General information and towns in Holstein, Lauenburg and Mecklenburg, with one item referring to an affected person in Dorpat (Tartu), 1515. 2 (items 6, 7), 6 (item 3), 7 (items 2, 6): Towns of Mecklenburg (Rostock and Wismar), and conicts between Rostock, Wismar and Lübeck or Bentwisch, 1463–1725. 10 (items 10, 20, 21), 11 (items 21, 22), 12 (item 9): Towns of Pomerania, and private conicts between merchants from Stralsund and Gdansk, Lübeck and Greifswald, 1579–1613. 15 (items 24–29): Towns of Prussia, concerning Elblag (Elbing) and Königsberg, 1419–1545. 16 (items 1–48), 17 (items 1–55), 18 (items 1–27), 19 (items 1–14): Towns of Livonia (Reval/Tallinn), internal Livonian conicts and relations with Lübeck merchants, fteenth century-1680.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 1 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even

624

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though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Lübeck Law (ASA Interna—Lübisches Recht, convolutes 7/14; 15/16, 25; 16/5; 94/9).

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Authorisations Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Authorisations Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Vollmachten Reference code : not applicable Period : 1532–1729 Extent : 4 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Vollmachten (authorisations) contains records of individual authorisations regarding trade, receipts and proceedings. It consists of four convolutes: “Regulations, individual authorizations” (29 items), “Protocols about proceedings [I and II]” (5 and 2 items), and “Book of authorisations and later protocols” (2 items). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1532–1792 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden : Danish, High German, Low German, Polish, Russian, Swedish

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

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The rst section, “Regulations, individual authorisations”, includes relevant materials. The papers deal with receipts of merchants, indemnication, debt lawsuits, dowries, inheritances and warships. Items 3, 4, 6, 8–10, 14, 16, 17, 19, 21, 25, 29 contain regulations and individual authorisations concerning Gdansk, Rostock, Kiel, Anklam, Kaliningrad, Copenhagen and Sweden, dating from 1532–1729. Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 9 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s.

626

germany

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Camera Imperialis / Imperial Chamber Court Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Camera Imperialis / Imperial Chamber Court Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Camera Imperialis / Reichskammergericht Reference code : not applicable Period : 1480–1835 Extent : 121 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Camera Imperialis concerns the Imperial Chamber Court and is divided into the following sections: “Organisation, staff” (convolute 1), “Chancery” (convolute 2), “Archives” (convolutes 3, 4), “Maintenance” (convolutes 5–12), “Visitations” (convolutes 13–77), “Right of presentation on the assessor’s position” (convolute 78), “Lübeck’s agents and procurators” (convolutes 79–97), “Private lawsuits” (convolutes 98–121). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1583–1788 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Poland, Russia : High German, Low German, various languages

Relevant is the section of private lawsuits. Its papers cover some of the towns in the Baltic Sea region, like Copenhagen, Wismar, Rostock, Stralsund, Szczecin (Stettin), Gdansk, Reval (Tallinn) and Novgorod, and deal with conicts between guilds, companies, individual merchants and other persons about trade consignments, conscated commodities and debts as well as insults and inheritances. The relevant convolutes cover the following years: • • •

103 (item 12): 1583. 104 (items 7, 9, 14): 1585–1587. 105 (item 8): 1588–1591.

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck • • • • • • •

106 107 111 112 115 116 117

627

(item 7): c. 1590. (items 2, 6): 1590–1591. (item 7): c. 1600. (item 2): 1603. (items 10, 13): 1614–1618. (item 1): 1615. (item 4): 1624–1625.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 2 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Reich’s Tax (ASA Interna—Reichssteuer, convolutes 47, 48).

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Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Ceremonalia / Ceremonial and Representation Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Ceremonalia / Ceremonial and Representation Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Ceremonalia / Zeremoniell und Repräsentation Reference code : not applicable Period : 1455–1930 Extent : 35 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Ceremonalia (ceremonials) comprises records about the ceremonials during attendances of sundry ofcial visitors. It consists of seven sections, which are called “I. Ceremonials in correspondence and writing” (convolute 1), “II. Diplomatic and corporate ceremonials” (convolutes 2–4), “III. Attendances of the princes” (convolutes 5–13), “IV. Corporate, attendances and festivities” (convolutes 15–23), “V. Public ceremonials and festivities” (convolutes 24–32), “VI. Chronicles made by the senate” (convolutes 24–32), and “VII. Foreign chronicles” (convolutes 33–35). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1462–1875 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, various languages

Seven convolutes (in three sections) concern diplomacy between Lübeck’s town council (senate) and countries and towns around the Baltic Sea. They deal with the following subjects: Section I: Ceremonials in correspondence and writing • 1: Writing, 1765–1821. Including: * item 1: Free towns’ titles of honour.

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Section II: Diplomatic and corporate ceremonials • •

2: Ceremonials for diplomatic representatives, 1713–1869 (items 3, 5). 3: Addresses to diplomatic representatives and other dignitaries of foreign powers in Lübeck and the Lower Saxon Circle. Including: * item 1: Emperor and Reich, 1566–1799. * item 3: Holstein, 1741–1763. * item 5: Prussia, 1752–1873. * item 7: Denmark, 1706–1839. * item 8: England, 1615–1822. * item 9: France, 1750–1810. * item 10: Netherlands, 1615–1820. * item 11: Poland, 1599–1768. * item 12: Russia, 1604–1838. * item 13: Sweden, c. 1700–1790.

Section III: Attendance of the princes •

• • •

5: Attendance of and distinctions to different German princes, 1591–1790. Including: * item 7: Holstein. * item 8: Mecklenburg. * item 12: Pomerania. 10: Attendance of and welcome to members of the Danish Royal House, 1462–1839 (items 1–10). 12: Russian legations, 1716. Including: * item 1: Visitation of the Czar. 13: Distinctions to non-German princes. Including: * item 1: Sweden, 1774–1875. * item 2: Great Britain, 1769–1888. * item 3: Poland, 1646. * item 4: Reval (Tallinn), 1669.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 2 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially

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all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not returned to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Travemünde (ASA Interna—Travemünde, convolutes 1/5, 17/2).

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Certicationes / Certicates Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Certicationes / Certicates Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Certicationes / Zertikationen Reference code : not applicable Period : 1479–1849 Extent : 3 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Certicationes (certicates) contains both general and detailed information about

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certicates of ownership of ships and commodities judged and examined by the town council (senate) of Lübeck. It also includes registers of these certicates from 1573 to 1716. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1479–1793 : Germany, various countries : High German, Low German, various languages

The record group is divided into three convolutes, of which the rst and second are relevant: •

•

1: Containing general information; particularly relevant items are item nos. 8–13, which concern foreign trade and shipping during the seventeenth and eighteenth century. 2: Containing information about individual certicates from 1479 onwards; of particular interest is item no. 4, which comprises names of skippers (only with regard to the Baltic Sea), 1579–1581.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 2 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions.

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Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit near Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Related materials • • •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Maritime affairs (ASA Interna—Seesachen). Autonomy on Trade and Business (Selbstverwaltung von Handel und Gesellschaft). Skipper’s Society (Schiffergesellschaft).

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Coinage Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Coinage Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Münzwesen Reference code : not applicable Period : 1341–1923 Extent : 58 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Münzwesen (coinage) comprises records concerning coin regulations, the history of Lübeck’s monetary system, correspondence and conicts between towns due to counterfeit money and attempts to establish a monetary union. It consists of 24 sections. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1425–1796 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden, various countries : Danish, High German, Low German, Swedish, various languages

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Relevant materials are to be found in the rst 14 sections and include: ordinances concerning and valuations of coinage from various countries and towns in the Baltic Sea region; general correspondence with these countries and towns and with individual persons in relation to conicts; Lübeck’s history of coinage; mint marks and the adulteration of for instance Danish and Swedish coins. The papers are structured as follows: Section I: Reichsmünzordnung (ordinance regarding coinage in the Reich) •

2 (items 1, 2): Reichsmünzordnung from 1700, 1759.

Section IV: Corresponding between Kreisstände •

• • • • • •

15 (items 2–17, 21, 24–27, 29–31): Correspondence about coinage by various towns (I), concerning Lübeck, Wismar, Rostock and Stralsund, 1425–1569. 16 (items 1–4): Correspondence about coinage by various towns (I), concerning and Lübeck and Mecklenburg, 1595–1616. 17 (item 1): Correspondence about coinage by various towns (I), 1618. 18 (items 4, 5): Correspondence about coinage by various towns (I), concerning Lübeck, Wismar and Mecklenburg, 1620. 19 (items 2, 4): Correspondence about coinage by various towns (I), concerning Lübeck and Kiel, 1621–1622. 20 (items 2, 6): Correspondence about coinage by various towns (I), concerning Lübeck and Mecklenburg, 1643–1680. 21 (item 1): Correspondence about coinage by various towns (I), concerning Lübeck and Pomerania, 1691.

Section VI: Lübeck’s ordinance regarding coins •

23 (items 11, 18, 24, 26, 27, 30): Lübeck’s ordinance regarding coins, concerning Lübeck and Mecklenburg, 1609–1680.

Section VII: History of Lübeck’s monetary system •

24 (item 4): History of Lübeck’s monetary system, concerning Lübeck, Wismar, Rostock, Stralsund, Greifswald, Anklam and Szczecin, c. 1700.

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Section IX: Staff working at the mint •

28 (item 2): Technical staff working at the mint and exchange, 1693.

Section XII: Coinage operations, mint marking •

32: (items 13, 16): Mint marking, concerning Pomerania and Rostock, 1777–1796.

Section XIII: Contraventions and coin adulteration (3 convolutes) •

34 (items 3, 4, 12–16): Adulteration of coins, concerning Wismar and Denmark, 1462–1729.

Section XIV: Valuation (of Danish, Polish and Swedish coins) • • • •

36 (items 11–13, 19): Valuation until 1673, concerning Mecklenburg, Holstein and Gdansk, 1581–1651. 37 (items 2, 3): Devaluation until 1673, concerning Denmark, 1665– 1669. 38 (item 13): Valuation from 1673, concerning Denmark and Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 1761–1775. 39 (item 3): Quotation questions, concerning Sweden, 1735.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 6 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and

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executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Related materials • • •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Travemünde (ASA Interna—Travemünde), convolute 17/6. Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Finance Department (ASA Interna— Kämmerei), convolute 37. Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Payment (ASA Interna—Wette).

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Corn Sale Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Corn Sale Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Kornkauf Reference code : not applicable Period : 1527–1874 Extent : 23 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Kornkauf (corn sale) comprises records pertaining to Lübeck’s corn trade, its regulations and its participants. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1642–1817 : Denmark, Germany : High German, Low German

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Relevant materials include papers concerning trade conicts with the Schonenfahrer (guild of Scania traders), barley trade routes and restrictions on the corn trade. They are to be found in the convolutes nos. 12–15: • • • •

12 (item 1): Papers concerning the our and grain trade, 13 (item 5): Papers concerning rights of brewers for the of barley—I, 1737. 14 (item 2): Papers concerning rights of brewers for the of barley—II, 1738–1739. 15 (item 2): Papers concerning rights of brewers for the of barley—III, 1747–1763.

1642–1817. advance sale advance sale advance sale

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 4 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not returned to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s.

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Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Country Estates Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Country Estates Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Landgüter Reference code : not applicable Period : 1303–1887 Extent : 3 bundles Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Landgüter (country estates) comprises records concerning the possession of land and its consequences for politics, administration, customs, the transit and sale of external commodities and local products. It comprises three bundles, which contain various (often geographical) sections, divided over a number of convolutes: “Country estates—general information” (12 sections), “Country estates in Holstein” (12 sections), and “Country estates in Saxony” (21 sections). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1400–1775 : Denmark, Germany : Danish, High German, Low German

The convolute “Country estates in Holstein” contains relevant materials, regarding for instance conicts with Denmark about sovereignty, taxes, trade, quartering in certain country estates and related matters like legations to Denmark. The relevant materials concern the following subjects: Section O: General information Holstein • • •

1 (items 1–11), 2 (items 1–8), 3 (items 1–10): Danish claims to sovereignty and taxation, 1400–1611, 1616–1696. 4 (items 1–3), 6 (items 1–6): Conicts about the Brömbsen’s country estates, 1666–1695. 7 (items 1–5), 8 (items 1–3), 9 (items 1–3), 10 (items 1–7): Territorial conicts with Denmark, c. 1669–1840.

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Section I: Röbel •

1 (item 3): History, administration and the court, 1645–1705.

Section IV: Stockelsdorf • •

1 (items 4, 6): Government, sovereignty, land and people, 1558–1621. 2 (item 6): Falkenbeka, 1357–1701.

Section V: Steinrade and Eckhorst •

2 (items 12, 13, 18): Government, sovereignty and people, 1665– 1721.

Section VI: Mori •

1 (items 13, 15, 18): Government, sovereignty and people, 1668– 1804.

Section VII: Moisling •

7 (item 2), 8 (items 1, 2), 9 (item 1), 9a (item 1), 10 (item 1), 10a (item 1), 11 (items 1, 2), 12 (items 1–3), 13 (item 2): Meadows, c. 1598–1696, 1741–1762.

Section VIII: Niendorf—Reecke •

1 (item 3): Property relations, obligations and rights, 1761.

Section X: Westerau •

2 (items 1–6): Danish demands and interventions, 1642–1775.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 5 (in German). Items 2 and 3 of convolute 6 are damaged. Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen,

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chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Related materials • •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Toll & Supplementary Customs (ASA Interna—Zoll & Zulage, convolutes 132–139, 143, 144). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Landwehr (ASA Interna—Landwehr).

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Exchequer Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Exchequer Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Cassa Reference code : not applicable Period : 1507–1906 Extent : 414 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate)

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from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Cassa (exchequer) comprises all kinds of records relating to Lübeck’s nancial matters. It consists of seven sections: “Organisation of nancial matters”, divided into four subsections (convolutes 1–32), “National budget” (33–61), “Properties” (62–66), “Assets” (67–74), “Arrears concerns” (75–141), “Accounting concerns” (142–163), and “Received bills”, divided into fourteen subsections (164–414). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1513–1815 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Poland, Sweden : Danish, High German, Low German, various languages

The following convolutes contain relevant materials, mostly concerning arrears and subsequent legations to Denmark and Sweden, and regulations. They also include several records (convolutes 80–116) regarding arrears of individual merchants and private persons from towns in the Baltic Sea region, for instance Pomerania, Denmark, Sweden and Livonia. • • • • •

67 (item 1): Assets, 1671. 76 (items 1–3): Exchequer arrears by Danish Holstein subjects, 1684– 1728. 77 (items 1–4): Files on the legation of the alderman Dr. Balemann to Copenhagen, 1690–1692. 78 (items 2, 3): Regulations concerning obligations towards subjects of neighbouring states, 1724–1815. 80–116: Various records including bonds and communications with creditors. Including: * 80 (items 4, 8a, 23, 24, 35): Concerning Copenhagen, Malmö, Wismar and Rostock, 1532–1567. * 81 (item 2): Concerning Wismar, 1572–1574. * 87 (item 16): Concerning Stralsund, 1649–1691. * 89 (item 5): Concerning Wismar, 1652–1724. * 90 (items 16–18): Concerning Wismar, 1658–1720. * 91 (item 2): Concerning Wismar, 1661–1691. * 93 (items 1, 9): Concerning Stralsund and Schleswig, 1668–1713. * 97 (item 4): Concerning Szczecin (Stettin), 1676–1683. * 98 (items 14, 19): Concerning Schwerin and Kiel, 1680–1686. * 99 (items 3, 13, 17, 18): Concerning Stralsund, Wismar, Schwerin and Odense, 1681–1694. * 102 (item 23): Concerning Wismar, 1683–1687.

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* 103 (items 3, 15): Concerning Denmark and Narva, 1684–1687. * 104 (item 12): Concerning Wismar, 1685–1688. * 105 (items 1, 6, 9, 19, 22): Concerning Copenhagen, Wismar and Greifswald, 1686–1733. * 106 (items 8, 27, 33, 38, 55): Concerning Stockholm, Wismar and Copenhagen, 1688–1690. * 107 (items 6, 8, 10, 28): Concerning Wismar, Tolkshuby and Flensburg, 1690–1718. * 108 (items 15, 27, 32, 41): Concerning Wismar, Greifswald and Stockholm, 1691–1728. * 109 (items 11, 22): Concerning Copenhagen and Greifswald, 1697– 1699. * 110 (items 8, 13, 40, 52): Concerning Schwerin, Wismar, Rostock and Reval (Tallinn), 1702–1713. * 111 (items 9, 38, 42): Concerning Pomerania and Schleswig, 1717– 1728. * 116 a–c (7 items): Concerning Wismar, Szczecin, Rostock, Denmark, Stockholm and Gdansk, 1513–1702. Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 2 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions.

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Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Contributions (ASA Interna—Contributionen), convolute 2/13).

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Flaxseed Trade Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Flaxseed Trade Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Leinsaathandel Reference code : not applicable Period : 1669–1848 Extent : 2 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Leinsaathandel (axseed trade) comprises records concerning the regulation of the axseed trade and conicts between foreign merchants and trading towns. It consists of two convolutes: “Regulations and contraventions” (10 items) and “Conicts with foreign trading towns” (13 items). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1718–1801 : Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia : Estonian, High German, Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish, Russian

The second convolute, “Conicts with foreign places of trade”, contains relevant materials. The papers deal with the following subjects:

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck • • •

• • • • •

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2: Conicts with Riga, Hamburg and Bremen about inferior deliveries to Riga, 1718–1719. 4: Complaint about a delivery from Courland, 1724. 5: Proceedings of meetings with Hannover and Riga, Reval (Tallinn), Pärnu, Ösel, Ventspils, Liepaja, Klaipeda and Kaliningrad (Königsberg) about axseed, 1725–1730. 6: Complaints exchanged between Reval and Lübeck, 1731–1732. 9: Conicts with Ventspils, 1733. 11. Conicts with Pärnu, 1756. 12: Lawsuit between Kaliningrad and Lübeck, 1788–1792. 13: Proceedings of meetings with Riga about a delivery from Lübeck, 1800–1801.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 5 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s.

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Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Payment (ASA Interna—Wette).

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Hire Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Hire Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Verlehnungen Reference code : not applicable Period : 1474–1888 Extent : 72 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Verlehnungen (hire) comprises records concerning groups of workmen, craftsmen and hucksters, who were provided with a warrant to work by the town council. It consists of twenty-ve sections, mainly concerning hired tradesmen. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1619–1820 : Denmark, Germany, Poland : High German, Low German, various languages

The relevant sections contain materials mainly about conicts between waggoners and packers of commodities. They also include records concerning the transit ratios in neighbouring territories. Also relevant are papers on internal conicts among waggoners, who dealt with commodities from the Baltic Sea area and thus contributed to the reputation of the Lübeck trade. The papers deal with the following subjects (arranged per section): Litzenbrüder (packers) • •

4 (item 4): Packers, concerning Mecklenburg and Holstein, 1739– 1814. 5 (items 1–4, 7): Packers from Wismar and Holstein, regarding Wismar, Rostock, Stralsund, Gdansk and Kiel, 1647–1776.

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Wagon loaders •

7 (items 5, 6): Wagon loaders, regarding conicts with packers, concerning Kiel and Holstein, 1753–1808.

Carriage •

24 (items 1, 2), 25 (item 1, 2): Carriage to and from neighbouring territories, regarding Mecklenburg and Kiel, 1619–1825.

Carp purchasers •

38 (item 7): Carp purchasers, concerning Denmark, 1778–1779.

Glue boilers •

48 (item 2): Glue boilers, regarding Rostock, 1740.

Plumbers •

51 (item 14): Plumbers, regarding personal relations, concerning Rostock, 1795–1820.

Chimney sweepers •

52 (item 4): Chimney sweepers, regarding Schwerin, 1723–1730.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 9 (in German). Access to convolutes 4 and 7 is restricted. Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman

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Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Related materials • • • •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Scania Traders (ASA Interna—Schonenfahrer, convolute 9/5). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Wine Cellar (ASA Interna—Weinkeller, convolute 14/1). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Trades: Horse Vendees (ASA Interna— Ämter: Pferdekäufer, convolutes 6/10; 8/6). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Payment (ASA Interna—Wette).

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Hop Trade Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Hop Trade Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Hopfenhandel Reference code : not applicable Period : 1469–1867 Extent : 3 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Hopfenhandel (hop trade) comprises records concerning hop agents and tradesmen, transits and exports, and disputes between companies. It consists of three convolutes, including 36 items.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1469–1759 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden : High German, Low German

Documents concerning Baltic Sea trade relations are to be found in the second and third convolutes, and concern the following subjects: Convolute 2: Hop transits and exports • • • • • • • •

1: Exports to Alborg, 1469–1596. 3: Requests by merchants sailing to Denmark and Sweden to avoid the sale to foreigners, 1545. 5: Exports and transits to Sweden, 1653–1716. 7: Requests for imports to Copenhagen, 1712. 8: Schonenfahrer (guild of Scania traders) against the export to Copenhagen, 1714–1726. 9: Prohibition of hop imports in Sweden, 1735. 10: Transits to Copenhagen, 1744–1751. 11: Conscations of hop due to requests by the Schonenfahrer, 1759.

Convolute 3: Conicts about the free hop trade •

4: Complaints to the Supreme Court of the Reich (Reichskammergericht) against the Schonenfahrer in relation to the hop trade, 1656–1658.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 4 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved

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in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s.

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Lübeck Law Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Lübeck Law Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Lübisches Recht Reference code : not applicable Period : 1475–1855 Extent : 98 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Lübisches Recht (Lübeck law) consists of six law books containing clauses, lawsuits, correspondence and recommendations. The record group contains 57 sections. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1432–1736 : Estonia, Germany, Poland : High German, Low German

Relevant convolutes concern the following subjects (arranged per section):

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Manuscripts, collections •

1 (item 3): Manuscripts, waivers, comments, and letters of acknowledgement, regarding Rostock, Stralsund and Wismar, 1585.

Immigrants •

8 (items 1–3), 9 (item 1): Immigrants, concerning Mecklenburg, Pomerania and Holstein, 1483–1781.

Testaments •

16 (item 6): Testaments and bequests, regarding Szczecin and Gdansk, 1432–1433.

Law of succession • • • •

18 (items 7, 8): Law of succession, concerning Gdansk and SchleswigHolstein, sixteenth century. 19 (item 14): Law of succession after remarriage, regarding Pomerania, 1553. 20 (item 2): Collateral inheritors, concerning Reval (Tallinn), 1446. 21 (items 2, 12): Reversion of capital, regarding Reval and Greifswald, 1543–1602.

Municipal goods •

24 (items 2, 3): Municipal goods, concerning Rostock and Wismar, 1592–1624.

Arrears and assets •

31 (items 6, 8): Postulation by priority, regarding Flensburg and Greifswald, 1568–1668.

Defamations •

87 (item 1): Defamations, concerning Rostock, 1590.

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Fornication •

88 (item 3): Fornication and adultery, regarding Stralsund, 1672.

Validity of judgements •

94 (item 9): Lawsuits, 1535.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 7 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s.

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Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Legations Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Legations Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Legationes Reference code : not applicable Period : c. 1416–1883 Extent : 8 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Legationes comprises records that mostly concern the costs of legations. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1416–1766 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Danish, Dutch, High German, Low German, Swedish

The rst seven convolutes contain relevant material, concerning diplomatic missions and legations from and to Lübeck. The papers are structured as follows: •

•

•

•

1 (items 1–9): Legations to the Reich and abroad (I), including legations to Livonia, Sweden (Stockholm), Denmark (Copenhagen and Sønderburg), Antwerp, Bruges and Stralsund, c. 1416–1600. 2 (items 1, 3, 7, 13): Legations to the Reich and abroad (II), including legations to Sweden, Denmark (Sønderburg) and the Netherlands (The Hague), 1601–1614. 3 (items 1, 4, 5, 10, 11): Legations to the Reich and abroad (III), including legations to the Reich (Rostock and Wismar), Denmark and the Netherlands (The Hague), 1614–1617. 4 (items 3, 5, 8, 20): Legations to the Reich and abroad (IV), including legations to the Reich (Wismar and Kiel), Denmark and Sweden (Stockholm and Brömsebro), 1620–1645.

652 •

•

•

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5 (items 4, 6, 10, 14, 17): Legations to the Reich and abroad (V), including legations to the Netherlands (Amsterdam), Sweden, England (London), the Reich (Kiel) and Denmark (Copenhagen) and Gdansk, 1652–1673. 6 (items 1, 8–10, 15): Legations to the Reich and abroad (VI), including legations of the Danish king, Denmark (Copenhagen), Belgium (Antwerp) and the Reich, 1692–1766. 7 (items 3–5): Legations in Lübeck, including legations from the Netherlands, Denmark and Sweden, 1611–1627.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 5 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Toll & Supplementary Customs (ASA Interna—Zoll & Zulage, convolutes 111; 121: 129: 153/2).

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Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Lime Trade Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Lime Trade Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Kalkhandel Reference code : not applicable Period : 1647–1878 Extent : 1 convolute Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Kalkhandel (lime trade) consists of one convolute with seven items comprising records concerning crafts, customs, trade and trade regulations, transit and storage. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1660–1660 : Germany, Sweden : Low German, various languages

Relevant records are mostly to be found in the second item, consisting of papers dealing with lime tolls and customs duties from Gotland, 1660. The other items also concern measures, prices, transit prohibitions, storage and trade, in particular in the seventeenth century. Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 4 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well.

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In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Related materials • •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Trave River (ASA Interna—Trave, convolute 17/1). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Ziegelhof (ASA Interna—Ziegelhof, convolutes 5/1, 10/5).

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Maritime Affairs Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Maritime Affairs Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Seesachen Reference code : not applicable Period : 1390–1895 Extent : 117 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Seesachen (maritime affairs) comprises records concerning the naval and merchant eet, seamen, commodities, social institutions, police in the harbour and on board, pilotage and beacons, steam navigation, privateering and protection, statistics and patents. These topics are structured in 27 sections.

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655

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1449–1820 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Danish, High German, Low German, various languages

All records deal with maritime subjects, but of particular relevance are the following convolutes, dealing with the protection of sea trade and commodities, smuggling, merchants, juridical matters, maritime law in general, naval accidents, as well as wars and their consequences: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 (items 4, 5, 7): Warships (here: Orlogschiffe) and privateers before 1560, concerning Flensburg, Denmark, and the Netherlands, 1509–1539. 2 (item 3): Naval forces in the Northern Seven Years’ War, regarding Sweden, 1563–1570. 4 (items 3, 7, 8): Pacication, privateering and convoys, concerning Narva and Sweden, 1571–1595. 8 (items 2, 5, 7): Maritime law, regarding Gdansk, fteenth century, 1591. 9 (item 4): Sea Court, concerning Szczecin, 1670s. 14 (item 4): Case les of the Sea Court, regarding Sweden, Livonia, the Netherlands, 1658. 17 (item 3): Lawsuits, concerning St. Petersburg, 1772–1781. 21 (item 1): Lawsuits, regarding Neman, 1731. 23 (item 5): Lawsuits, concerning Sweden, 1778. 24 (item 5): Lawsuits, regarding Flensburg, 1799–1800. 25 (items 5–7): Lawsuits and intercession, concerning Sweden, Riga and Neman. 27 (item 3): Privateering, regarding Ribe, 1449. 30 (item 1): Schiffergesellschaft (guild of the Blue Water Captains), concerning Rostock, Wismar, Bergen, 1542. 72 (item 1): Smuggling, regarding Narva, 1577. 74 (items 3–5, 8–11): Loading, discharging and cargo, concerning Gdansk, Scania, Riga, Reval and Narva, 1545–1777. 87 (items 1, 2): Foreign shipping, regarding Amsterdam and Riga, 1478–1552. 90 (items 1, 2, 4, 5): Privateering and protection, concerning Rostock, the Netherlands and Sweden, 1569–1660. 91 (items 1–9): Privateering during the naval war against the Netherlands, also regarding Sweden and Denmark. 1665–1810.

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92 (items 2, 3): Accidents at sea, concerning Denmark and the Netherlands, 1795–1819. 93 (items 1, 3–7): Concerning Denmark, Prussia, Kiel, Dahme and Mecklenburg, 1649–1802. 94 (items 2, 4, 6): Collision, average, capsizal and freezing, regarding Sweden, Riga, Ventspils, 1644–1820. 95 (item 1): Inquiry into naval accidents, concerning Gdansk, 1659. 106 (item 1): Customs clearance ofcials (Schiffklarierer), regarding Sweden and Finland 1737.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna Seesachen”, Vol. 8 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Travemünde (ASA Interna—Travemünde, convolutes 5/13; 51, 52, 55).

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Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Lübeck Law (ASA Interna—Lübisches Recht, convolute 98). • Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Assault (ASA Interna—Straßenraub, convolute 3/4). • Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Toll & Supplementary Customs (ASA Interna—Zoll & Zulage, convolute 76/4, 80/1). • Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Trade (ASA Interna—Handel/Commercium, convolutes 1–37). • Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Slave Till (ASA Interna—Sklavenkasse). • Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Trave River (ASA Interna—Trave, convolute 69/4). • Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Payment (ASA Interna—Wette). •

Publications •

Urkundenbuch der Stadt Lübeck / Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis, Vol. 8 (Lübeck, 1889), no. 652, containing an edition of item 3 of convolute 27.

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Market Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Market Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Markt Reference code : not applicable Period : 1470–1888 Extent : 122 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eightteenth century. The record group of Markt (market) comprises records concerning the market regulations and various kinds of markets in Lübeck. It consists of 122 convolutes: “Market places, rules, prices, contributions, times” (8 items), “Adjacent private buildings” (18 items), “Market reeve [I–IV]” (28 items), “Abbroachement and pre-emption” (3 items), “Farmer’s market [I–V]” (27 items), “Christmas market [I–IV]” (26 items), “Cattle trade [I–IV]” (22 items), “Foreign markets” (4 items).

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1597–1785 : Denmark, Germany : Danish, High German, Low German

Relevant materials concern the following subjects: • •

• •

6: Market reeve, manning, widows, 1785. Including: * item 3: Recommendation by the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. 13: Christmas market, 1749–1783. Including: * item 1: Denmark’s request for admission of the loads from Danish Holstein. * item 2: Proceedings with Denmark, Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mölln about contributions of foreign craftsmen, 1769–1773. * item 3: Complaints against foreign craftsmen. 14: Christmas market, 1635–1772. Including: * items 1–7: Foreign craftsmen. 21: Foreign markets, 1597–1696. Including: * item 1: Announcements of foreign markets.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 6 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions.

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Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Related materials • •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Travemünde (ASA Interna—Travemünde, convolute 91). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Payment (ASA Interna—Wette).

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Merchants Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Merchants Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Kaufmannschaft Reference code : not applicable Period : 1368–1888 Extent : 40 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Kaufmannschaft (merchants) comprises records regarding the organisation of merchants and regulations, companies, institutions, types of trade, relations to other places and groups, and trade statistics. The materials concern mercantile changes in the course of time. Therefore, the record group consists of thirteen sections adhering to a chronological order and reecting historical developments. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1598–1852 : Denmark, Latvia, Lithuania, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Low German, various languages

Due to the record group’s chronological order, the relevant sections are the rst four and the sixth, which include 28 convolutes. The relevant sections

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deal with conicts between cooperatives, craftsmen and seamen, trade authorities and relations with unauthorised traders. Sections 3, 4 and 6 also cover long-distance trade (in particular of hard coal), isolated sales, customs and general trade relations until the rst half of the nineteenth century. The papers concern the following subjects (arranged per section): I: Cooperatives and trade authorities •

•

• •

6 (item 2), 7 (items 2, 3, 6, 8), 8 (item 1), 9 (items 1, 2), 10 (items 1, 2), 11 (items 1–3), 12 (item 1): Trade authority of the brewers, 1638–1640, 1684–1701, 1701–1716, 1700–1712, 1727–1730, 1732–1739, 1748. 13 (items 2–5), 14 (item 1), 15 (item 1), 16 (items 1, 2), 17 (item 1), 18 (item 2): Trade authority of the seamen (I), 1659–1751, 1752–1766, 1751–1755, 1751–1766, 1784, c. 1753. 19 (items 2, 3); 20 (items 2, 3): Trade authority of the craftsmen (I), 1753–1755, 1756–1764. 23 (items 2–4, 6): Unauthorised trade, 1685–1765.

III: Trade by foreigners, Faktorei, commission trade •

25 (items 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 13): Trade by foreigners, Faktorei, commission trade, 1426–1852.

IV: Long-distance trade •

26 (items 1–6): Areas of long-distance trade, regarding Antwerp, Riga, Bergen, Scotland, Sweden and Greenland, 1600–1800.

VI: Conditions up to the rst half of the nineteenth century •

28 (item 1): Conditions up to the rst half of the nineteenth century, (including inquiries at foreign places about Lübeck’s trade and maritime relations), 1631–1829.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 4 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen,

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661

chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Related materials • • •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Hire (ASA Interna—Verlehnungen, convolutes 26/3; 49/3). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Wine Cellar (ASA Interna—Weinkeller, convolute 21/8). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Lübeck Law (ASA Interna—Lübisches Recht, convolutes 50/6).

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Oxen Trade / Drovers Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Oxen Trade / Drovers Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Ochsenhandel / Viehtreiber Reference code : not applicable Period : 1466–1886 Extent : 6 convolutes

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Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Ochsenhandel (oxen trade) comprises records concerning the trade and drovers of oxen. It consists of six convolutes: “Drovers, market, merchants” (12 items), “Drovers: general information” (8 items), “Drovers: personal information [I–III]” (17 items), “Drovers” (10 items). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1466–1784 : Denmark, Germany : Danish, High German, Low German

The rst section, “Drovers, market, merchants”, (items 2–5, 9, 12) contains relevant materials dating from the period 1466–1784, including papers concerning conicts between the town of Lübeck and merchants due to the hold-up of oxen from Denmark and the subsequent demand for compensation. It also deals with Danish-Holstein’s demands for oxen transports through Holstein, Lübeck and Hamburg and the consequences of epizootics such as the closing of borders. Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 6 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of

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the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Related materials • •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Toll & Supplementary Customs (ASA Interna—Zoll & Zulage). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Trades: Butchers (ASA Interna—Ämter: Knochenhauer).

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Plague Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Plague Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Pest Reference code : not applicable Period : 1604–1890 Extent : 84 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Pest (plague) comprises records concerning places where epidemics occured, regulations, and actions taken against rumours about plague-stricken places. It consists of eighteen sections. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1604–1826 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Danish, High German, Low German, Swedish, various languages

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The papers deal with the closing of fairs, borders and the harbour for foreign ships due to quarantine orders, towns in the Baltic Sea region where epidemics started or ended, and consequences and sanctions for trade and travel. Section 1: Epidemics in the seventeenth century (1 convolute). •

1 (items 2, 4, 7): Epidemics in the seventeenth century, 1604–1657.

Section 2: Plagues from Eastern Europe (5 convolutes). • • • •

2 (items 1, 2): Plague in Eastern Europe, 1704–1708. 3 (items 5–7): Printed plague ordinances, 1710–1712. 4 (items 1, 2): Plague in Poland, Prussia and Pomerania, 1709–1710. 5 (items 1, 2), 6 (items 2–4): Plague from the Baltic region, 1710– 1711.

Section 3: Effects of the epidemics in Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg (8 convolutes). • • • •

7 (item 1), 8 (items 1–3a): Plague in Scandinavia and Jutland, 1711– 1714. 9 (items 1, 3): Spread of epidemics in Schleswig-Holstein, 1712– 1713. 10 (item 2): Plague in Hamburg, 1713–1714. 12 (items 1, 2), 13 (items 1–3): Petitions concerning travel restrictions, 1709–1714.

Section 4: External epidemics (3 convolutes). • •

15 (items 1, 2), 16 (items 2, 3): Plague from France, 1720–1723. 17 (items 2–8): Epidemics in Eastern Europe, 1736–1756.

Section 5: Epidemics in Lübeck. •

18 (item 2): Epidemics in Lübeck, 1764.

Section 6: External epidemics (4 convolutes). • •

19 (items 1–3): Plagues in eastern and western regions, 1770–1771. 20 (items 1–4): Plague from Moscow, 1771–1773.

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck •

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21 (items 1–6, 12): External epidemics, 1774–1798.

Section 18: Epizootics (20 convolutes). • • • •

65 (items 2, 8, 12): Epizootics in the seventeenth and the early eighteenth centuries, 1709–1746. 66 (items 1, 2, 4), 67 (items 1, 4), 68 (items 1–5): Epizootics since 1745, 1745–1768. 70 (items 1, 4–7): Epizootics among horned cattle and related sanctions, 1788–1802. 71 (items 2, 4): Epizootics and protection in the early eighteenth century, 1801–1826.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 6 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s.

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Related materials • • • •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Priwall (ASA Interna—Priwall, convolute 8). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Payment (ASA Interna—Wette). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Finance Department (ASA Interna— Kämmerei). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Oxen Trade (ASA Interna—Ochsenhandel).

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Porters Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Porters Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Träger Reference code : not applicable Period : 1497–1867 Extent : 28 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Träger (porters) comprises records concerning the various professional groups of porters. Due to the specications of their work, their organisation developed a similar structure to that of the guilds. The record group consists of fteen sections, including general information and the various groups of porters, structured by commodities or by their origin. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1616–1825 : Denmark, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Low German

Relevant are papers regarding the groups of porters dealing with commodities from the Baltic Sea region. The convolutes deal with the following subjects:

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck • • • • • • • • •

• •

667

9 (items 3–5): Herring packers, concerning Copenhagen, 1747–1814. 12 (items 2, 5): Corn porters, 1700–1720. 16 (items 4–8): Rostock (Braustraßen) monastry porters, regarding Sweden, 1721–1766. 17 (items 2–5): Wismar (Alfstraßen) monastry porters, concerning Stockholm and Riga, 1627–1825. 18 (items 1a-6, 8–10): Stockholm porters, 1660–1814. 19 (items 1–3), 20 (items 1–3): Stockholm porters and common porters, 1647–1783, 1785–1819. 21 (items 1, 3): Norrköping porters and Bergen porters, 1616–1825. 22 (items 4, 6): Mengstraßen monastry porters, 1725–1767. 23 (items 2–6), 24 (items 2, 3), 25 (items 1, 2), 26 (items 2–5): Mengstraßen monastry porters and common porters, regarding Amsterdam, Prussia, Livonia, Russia, St. Petersburg and Gdansk, 1723–1740, 1745–1748, 1775, 1783–1818. 27 (items 2, 4): Riga porters, 1792–1795. 28 (item 4): Plank porters, 1753.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 9 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions.

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Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Related materials • • •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Stocksh Trade (ASA Interna—Stockschhandel, convolutes 2/4, 3/5). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Hire (ASA Interna—Verlehnungen, convolutes 5/4; 7/1; 8/4, 6, 8; 11/7; 59/1, 3–4, 6; 67/5). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Toll & Supplementary Customs (ASA Interna—Zoll & Zulage).

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Postal System Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Postal System Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Postwesen Reference code : not applicable Period : 1646–1886 Extent : 99 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Postwesen (postal system) comprises records concerning postal routes, foreign postal systems, the town’s postal service, postal connections, postal societies, the postal service of the Reich (Holy Roman Empire), the army postal service and telegraphs. It consists of nine sections comprising eighteen subsections. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1608–1820 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden : Danish, High German, Low German, Swedish, various languages

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The rst two sections, “Old postal routes” and “Foreign postal systems”, contain relevant materials, including contributions, lawsuits by merchant cooperations such as the Schonenfahrer (guild of Scania traders), customs appointments, legations and papers regarding maritime postal routes. The papers deal with the following subjects: Section I: OLD POSTAL ROUTES Subsection: General information. • 2 (items 4, 7, 8, 10): Old postal system and its staff, 1723–1799. Subsection: Lübeck and Hamburg post. • 7 (item 1): Hamburg maritime post (VII), 1771–1777. • 9 (items 1, 5): Irregularities, 1608–1793. • 10 (items 6, 7): Hamburg land post, 1746–1751. Subsection: Gdansk post. • 11 (items 3, 5): Postal concerns of Gdansk, 1646–1698. Subsection: Boizenburg post. • 12 (items 4, 7, 9): Boizenburg land post, 1785–1820. Subsection: Wismar post. • 13 (items 5, 6, 9, 10), 14 (item 2), 15 (items 1, 2): Wismar maritime and land post, 1656–1724, 1783, 1813–1817. Section II: FOREIGN POSTAL SYSTEMS Subsection: Danish postal system. • 24 (items 1–4), 25 (items 1–5), 26 (item 1), 27 (item 1), 28 (items 1–5), 29 (items 1, 2), 30 (items 1–7): Danish postal system, 1694–1697, 1714–1723, 1734–1786. Subsection: Schleswig-Holstein and Eutin postal system. • 31 (items 1–8): Schleswig-Holstein and Eutin postal system, 1655– 1721. Subsection: Mecklenburg and Schwerin postal system. • 33 (item 4): Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 1706. • 34 (item 5): Mail charges in Mecklenburg, 1805–1806.

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Subsection: Prussian postal system. • 40 (items 1–11), Prussian postal system, 1695–1817. Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 6 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Related materials • • •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Assault (ASA Interna—Straßenraub, convolutes 3/2). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Payment (ASA Interna—Wette). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Customs & Supplementary Allowance (ASA Interna—Zoll & und Zulage, convolute 157/6).

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

671

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Priwall Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Priwall Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Priwall Reference code : not applicable Period : 1247–1883 Extent : 10 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Priwall comprises records concerning the sovereignty rights, trade and privileges with regard to the Priwall peninsula near Lübeck. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1575–1777 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, various countries : Danish, High German, Low German, various languages

The sections 1–3 and 5–8 contains relevant materials, including escorts from Priwall to Lübeck and proceedings of meetings with Mecklenburg about shipping, shery, protection and wrecking. The papers concern the following matters: • • • •

•

1 (items 3, 5, 6): Sovereignty, borders and privileges, concerning Mecklenburg and Denmark, 1575–1608. 2 (items 1, 5, 6): Fortication and buildings, regarding Mecklenburg, 1628–1786. 3 (items 1–9): Wrecking, concerning Mecklenburg, Schleswig, Gdansk and Riga, 1595–1792. 5 (items 1, 3, 7), 6 (items 1, 2), 7 (items 1–4): Conicts regarding the border and peninsula, regarding Mecklenburg, 1550–1722, 1739–1745, 1761–1794. 8 (items 1–3): Protection against epidemics, 1745–1777.

672

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Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 6 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Related materials • •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Finance Department (ASA Interna— Kämmerei). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Lake of Dassau (ASA Interna—Dassauer See, convolute 6/2, 3).

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

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Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Quartering Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Quartering Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Einquartierungen Reference code : not applicable Period : 1545–1888 Extent : 37 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Einquartierungen (quartering) includes records about the quartering and defection of troops during the wars in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1621–1763 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, various countries : Danish, High German, Swedish, various languages

Relevant materials concern the following subjects: • • • • • • •

• •

1 (items 2, 3, 9, 11, 12, 15): First written tradition relating about troops of the union in the Lower Saxony war, 1621–1629. 6 (items 1–19): Swedish people, 1631–1637. 8 (items 3, 5, 7, 8): Bipartisan contacts between the war camps, 1638– 1639. 9 (items 1–3): Swedish people, 1644–1649. 10 (items 1–8, 11): Troops in the Swedish-Polish war (I), 1656–1659. 11 (items 4–6): Troops in the Swedish-Polish War (II), 1660. 12 (items 1–7, 10), 13 (items 1–8), 14 (items 1–4), 15 (items 6–10), 16 (items 1–3, 5, 8–11, 14, 16): Effects of the war between France and Sweden (I), 1672–1678, 1675–1676, 1675–1676, 1676, 1677–1679. 17 (items 1–12): Disturbances in the 1680s, 1680–1686. 18 (items 1–9), 19 (items 1–4), 20 (items 1–4), 21 (items 1–3), 23 (items 1–3), 24 (items 1–3): War of the Reich against France (I), 1688–1694, 1688–1696, 1696, 1696.

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•

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25 (items 2, 4, 5): Neighbours’ defections, 1698–1699. 26 (items 1–10), 27 (items 1–8), 28 (items 1–11), 29 (items 1–6), 30 (items 1–3), 31 (items 1–6), 32 (items 1–5), 33 (items 1–10), 34 (items 1–7), 36 (items 1–16): Nordic War and proceedings, 1700–1703, 1704–1710, 1711–1712, 1711–1712, 1712–1713, 1712, 1713, 1709–1713, 1714–1715, 1716–1721. 37 (items 3–8): Troop movements in the eighteenth century, 1762– 1763.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 3 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Related materials • • •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Reich’s Tax (ASA Interna—Reichssteuer, convolute 32). Old Senate’s Archives: External—Denmark (ASA Externa—Danica). Old Senate’s Archives: External—Sweden (ASA Externa—Suecica).

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

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Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Recruitment Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Recruitment Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Werbungen Reference code : not applicable Period : 1507–1815 Extent : 18 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Werbungen (recruitment) comprises records concerning the efforts to recruit people for military actions. It consists of twelve sections: general information, bans, the recruitment in various countries, deserters and people returning home. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1545–1815 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, various countries : Danish, High German, Low German, Russian, various languages

The relevant papers deal with unforeseen occurrences in relation to the recruitment of people, for instance for the crewing of ships. Furthermore, they contain Hanseatic statements on recruitment, proceedings on discharges and the transit of people, and records dealing with excesses, the seizing of recruitments and the personnel needed by foreign countries. The relevant convolutes deal with the following matters: General information •

1 (item 9): Prussia and Denmark, 1806.

Imperial recruitment •

4 (items 2, 3): Prussia, Russia and Sweden, 1746–1786.

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Recruitment by various German rulers •

5 (items 1, 2): Holstein and Mecklenburg, 1559–1718.

Danish recruitment •

6 (items 1–5), 7 (item 1–4), 8 (item 1): 1605–1803.

Swedish recruitment •

9 (items 1–4): 1606–1806.

British recruitment •

11 (item 1): Concerning Denmark, 1545–1815.

Hannover recruitment •

12 (item 4): Concerning Denmark, 1781–1782.

Prussian recruitment •

13 (item 1–3), 14 (items 1, 2), 15 (items 1–4): Concerning Sweden, 1677–1806.

Recruitment of various European powers •

16 (items 2, 3, 5): Concerning the Netherlands, Poland and Russia, 1691–1794.

Deserters and people returning home •

17 (items 3–6), 18 (items 1, 2): Concerning Prussia, Denmark, Sweden and Poland, 1680–1800.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 10 (in German).

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677

Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Related materials • • •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Quartering (ASA Interna—Einquartierungen, convolutes 5/15, 6/1, 9, 18; 16/1; 43/4). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Soldiers: Old Allocation (ASA Interna— Kriegsleute: Altes Kontingent, convolute 50/4, 5). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Travemünde (ASA Interna—Travemünde, convolute 48).

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Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Salt Trade Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Salt Trade Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Salzhandel Reference code : not applicable Period : 1451–1796 Extent : 17 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Salzhandel (salt trade) comprises records concerning salt (mainly coming from Lüneburg), its trade and related conicts. It consists of seventeen convolutes: 1–8, “Lüneburg’s salt trade with Lübeck” (39 items); 9; “Lüneburg’s salt and long-distance trade and transit” (8 items); 10, “Salzführer (guild of salt merchants)” (17 items); 11, “Competition” (3 items); 12, “Craftsmen” (3 items); 13, “Related salt trade” (9 items); 14, “Foreign salt” (5 items); 15, “Salt tuns” (12 items); 16, “Salt theft” (3 items); 17, “Import and toll statistics” (6 items). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1604–1722 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden, various countries : Danish, High German, Low German, various languages

Relevant materials are to be found in the convolutes 9, 14 and 15. Their records concern efforts to regulate the markets, conicts about forbidden salt trade, transit, monopolies and tun measures and weights. Of particular interest are the following subjects: • • •

9 (items 1–8): Lüneburg’s salt and long-distance trade and transit, regarding Szczecin, Norway, Sweden, Denmark and the Sound, 1604–1712. 14 (items 1, 3, 5): Foreign salt, concerning Spain, France, Scotland and Poland, 1599–1722. 15 (item 8): Salt tuns, concerning Gdansk, 1669–1671.

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

679

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 8 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Related materials • •

Old Senate’s Archives: External—Lüneburg (ASA Externa—Lüneburg, convolutes 4–5, 1). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Toll and Supplementary Customs (ASA Interna—Zoll & Zulage, convolutes 80/2, 145/7).

680

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Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Scania Traders Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Scania Traders Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Schonenfahrer Reference code : not applicable Period : 1378–1836 Extent : 11 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Schonenfahrer comprises records mostly concerning internal conicts of the merchants who traded with Scania. It consists of the following convolutes: “Constitution, institutions, capital” (6 items), “Brethren and elders” (three convolutes, 12 items), “Arguments with the Kaueutekompanie [another guild of merchants] about the election of brethren” (2 convolutes, 4 items), “Arguments with two other guilds (retailers in cloth trade and chandler) about the brethren election” (2 convolutes, 7 items), “Conicts about trade and commercial affairs” (20 items), “Participation in the town’s regiment” (3 items), and “Schonenfahrer archives” (6 items). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1744–1751 : Denmark, Germany : Danish, High German, Low German

The relevant records deal with conicts between Denmark and Lübeck concerning the transit of commodities such as hop and barley. Of particular interest is convolute no. 9 (items 4, 7, 15), which concerns conicts about trade and commercial affairs with regard to the court of the Danish king, Fehmarn and Mecklenburg, dating from 1744–1751. Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 7 (in German).

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

681

Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Related materials • •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Payment (ASA Interna—Wette). Administration of Sales and Trade: Scania Traders (Selbstverwaltung von Handel und Gewerbe: Schonenfahrer).

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Shipbuilding Yards Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Shipbuilding Yard Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Lastadie Reference code : not applicable Period : 1560–1882 Extent : 4 convolutes

682

germany

Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Lastadie (shipbuilding yards) comprises records concerning the regulations, safety, storage, and operation of shipbuilding yards in Lübeck. It consists of four convolutes. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1579–1850 : Germany, various countries : High German, Low German

The entire record group is relevant except for the third convolute, which deals exclusively with the nineteenth century. The papers of the four other convolutes deal with the following subjects: • • •

1 (items 1–7): Order and safety, sixteenth century–1834. 2 (items 1–10): Deposits, shipbuilding yards—I, 1623–1878. 4 (items 1–13): Shipbuilding operations, including ship or Lastadie books with registers of ships built from 1579 to 1641 and from 1641 to 1850 (items 11, 12).

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 5 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and

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executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not returned to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Related materials • •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Chamber (ASA Interna—Trese, convolute 65/3). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Porters (ASA Interna—Träger, convolute 28/2).

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Stocksh Trade Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Stocksh Trade Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Stockschhandel Reference code : not applicable Period : 1375–1859 Extent : 5 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Stockschhandel (stocksh trade) comprises records concerning ordinances, measures and the organisation of the trade in stocksh and herring, as well as sea trade exploitation. It consists of thirty items in ve convolutes. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1471–1781 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden, various countries : High German, Low German, various languages

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The convolutes that contain relevant materials mainly deal with complaints about commodities of inferior quality and bad delivery, protected terms of trade and other disputes. They concern the following matters: • • •

1 (items 3, 4, 7, 8): Ordinances and measures, regarding Prussia, Szczecin and Alborg, 1471–1715. 2 (items 2, 6): Herring Wrake (macerating) and herring quays (I), concerning Denmark and Bergen, 1723–1781. 3 (items 3–7): Herring Wrake (macerating) and herring quays (II), concerning Rostock, Wismar, Greifswald and Sweden, 1702–1769.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 8 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s.

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Related materials • •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Porters (ASA Interna—Träger, convolutes 9, 10). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Wine Cellars (ASA Interna—Weinkeller).

Publications •

Hanserecesse III, Vol. 1 (Leipzig, 1888), no. 38, containing an edition of item 4 in convolute 1.

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Summons to the Court Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Summons to the Court Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Evocationes Reference code : not applicable Period : 1413–1814 Extent : 5 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Evocationes consists of ve convolutes containing records about summons to different courts, respectively called “Records about Johann Lange, citizen of Lübeck, during his time as assessor in Magdeburg” (22 items), “Summons to free courts” (17 items), “Summons to ordinary courts—I” (14 items), “Summons to Ordinary Courts—II” (15 items), and “Summons of non-locals made by Lübeck” (2 items). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1437–1703 : Estonia, Germany : High German, Low German

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Relevant are the convolutes nos. 2–4, which include papers about summons to courts because of arguments between the town council of Lübeck and towns such as Reval (Tallinn), Stralsund, Schwerin and Stendal or the Hanseatic League as a whole. These arguments concerned, for instance, conscations of commodities and actions of civil plaintiffs. • • •

2 (items 1, 3): Papers concerning summons to free courts, 1437–1457. 3 (item 10): Papers concerning summons to ordinary courts—I. 4 (items 1, 2): Papers concerning summons to ordinary courts—I, 1703.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 3 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not returned to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s.

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Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Till (ASA Interna—Cassa, convolutes 251/2, 252).

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Timber Trade Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Timber Trade Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Holzhandel Reference code : not applicable Period : 1544–1867 Extent : 15 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Holzhandel (timber trade) comprises records concerning trade regulations, and the transit and storage of timber. The papers also deal with merchants, their conicts with corporations and craftsmen due to regulations, and wood processing such as in shipbuilding. The materials consist of fteen convolutes, including 111 items in total. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1596–1806 : Denmark, Germany : Danish, High German, Low German

Of particular interest are the rst and second convolutes, which contain regulations on the timber trade and transit. Their papers deal with the following subjects: Convolute 1: Timber regulations, units of measure, export and import • •

Item 5: Export prohibitions and permissions, 1607–1806. Item 6. Export prohibitions of Wismar, 1596.

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Convolute 2: Timber transit and storage • •

Item 2: Transit of timber for the Danish crown, 1624–1801. Item 8: Exports and timber for shipbuilding, and the trade route Lauenburg-Lübeck-Copenhagen, 1761.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 4 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not returned to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Customs & Allowance (ASA Interna— Zoll & Zulage, convolutes 69/4, 7).

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Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Toll & Supplementary Customs Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Toll & Supplementary Customs Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Zoll & Zulage Reference code : not applicable Period : 1448–1900 Extent : 166 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Zoll & Zulage (toll and supplementary customs) contains records concerning tolls and customs duties, toll regulations and related toll departments in general and in individual regions. It consists of 26 sections. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1448–1842 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands : Danish, High German, Russian, various languages

The relevant sections include correspondence between various countries about Lübeck’s toll regulations, sequestrations and payments to foreign branch ofces. The records also deal with the general handling of and exemptions from tolls and duties for all kinds of commodities. Relevant papers concern the following topics (arranged per section): Supplementary customs: department, staff, tariffs, reforms •

21 (items 3, 4): Recommendations concerning Lübeck’s toll regulations, concerning Russia and Denmark, 1781–1783.

Tolls and contributions: shipping and harbour contributions •

72 (items 3–5), 73 (item 1): Novgorodfahrer (Novgorod merchants’ guild), 1744–1754, 1755–1756.

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Enforcement of tolls and duties •

93 (item 8): Exemptions from duties, regarding Sweden, Prussia, Russia, Poland and the Netherlands, 1656–1842.

Toll regulations between Lübeck and Holstein • • • •

94 (items 2–7): Lübeck’s exemption from duties in Holstein, concerning Denmark, fteenth century–1729. 98 (items 3, 6): Neustadt, regarding Kiel and Copenhagen, 1736– 1789. 100 (items 3, 4): Various toll collection sites, concerning Denmark and Kiel, 1448–1690. 145 (items 1–8), 146 (items 1, 2), 147 (items 1–4), 148 (items 1–13), 149 (items 1–9): Holstein’s exemption from duties in Lübeck, also regarding Denmark and knightage, 1603–1817, 1682–1723, 1736–1769, 1546–1776, 1648–1788.

Toll regulations between Lübeck and Mecklenburg •

153 (items 2–7), 154 (items 1–4), 155 (items 1–7), 156 (items 1–3), 157 (items 1–6), 158 (items 1–6), 159 (items 1–9), 161 (items 1, 2, 4, 5), 162 (items 1, 2), 163 (items 1–11), 164 (items 1, 2), 165 (items 1–7), 166 (item 4): Lübeck’s exemption from duties in Mecklenburg, Mecklenburg’s freedom of toll in Lübeck, towns and trades, also concerning knightage, Wismar and Sweden, 1472–1586, 1605–1631, 1629–1700, 1702–1730, 1715–1739, 1741–1769, 1755–1799, 1652–1803, 1652–1802, 1544–1782, 1645–1746, 1745–1806, 1573–1787.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 10 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well.

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In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. From the original archives, only the records until 1700 and thereafter every tenth record have been kept. Related materials • • •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Trades: Horse Vendees (ASA Interna— Ämter: Pferdekäufer, convolute 3/6). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Trades: Cobbler (ASA Interna—Ämter: Schuster, convolute 23/4). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Cameraria: Finance Department (ASA Interna—Cameraria: Kämmerei).

Publications •

Urkundenbuch der Stadt Lübeck / Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis, Vol. 4 (Lübeck, 1873), nos. 258, 836, including an edition of item 2 in convolute 94.

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Trade Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Trade Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Commercium Reference code : not applicable Period : 1442–1887 Extent : 86 items

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Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Commercium (trade) comprises records concerning Lübeck’s trade system during that period, but excludes for example records pertaining to the specic organisational structures of the Hanseatic League. This record group consists of three sections: “Freedom of trade, war and politics” (37 items); “Commissions, comission agents” (36 items); and “Market, stock market, banking” (13 items). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1442–1790 : Denmark, Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Low German, various languages

The section of “Freedom of trade, war and politics” contains relevant materials, including various kinds of correspondence about trade issues, contracts and patents. The papers deal with the following subjects: • • • • •

• • • • • • • •

1 (items 1–10, 12, 15): Freedom of trade and its disruptions up to the seventeenth century, 1442–1613. 2 (items 2–8): Trade during the Thirty Years’ War, 1626–1652. 3 (items 1–3): Northern wars in the 1650s, 1657–1660. 4 (items 2, 3, 6–9, 11, 16, 17): Effects of the involvement in wars in the west, 1664–1674. 5 (items 1–12, 15–16), 6 (items 1–5), 7 (items 1–6): Neutrality demands during the Imperial war against Sweden and the Coalition War, 1675– 1680. 9 (items 1–4): Freedom of trade in the late seventeenth century, 1682– 1698. 18 (items 1–4): Effects of the Northern War—I, 1700–1713. 19 (items 1–11): Effects of the Northern War—II, 1700–1725. 20 (items 1, 2): Effects of the Northern War—III, 1700–1721. 21 (items 1–3): Effects of the Northern War—IV, 1710–1719. 24 (items 1–4, 6): Measures taken in the middle of the eighteenth century, 1726–1777. 25 (item 5): Seven Years’ War, 1758. 26 (item 1): Draft for an imperial ban on the exportation of corn, 1771–1772.

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck • • • •

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27 (items 1–8): Effects of the American War of Independence—I, 1778–1779. 28 (items 1–8): Effects of the American War of Independence—II, 1780–1782. 29 (item 1): Effects of the American War of Independence—III, 1782– 1783. 30 (items 1, 2): Relations with Russia and Sweden in the 1780s, 1782–1790.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 2 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit near Bernburg. It was not returned to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Maritime Affairs (ASA: Interna—Seesachen, convolutes 1, 3–6, 90/2 & 4, 91).

694 • •

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Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Quartering (ASA: Interna—Einquartierung). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Reich’s Tax (ASA: Interna—Reichssteuer, convolute 32).

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Transit Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Transit Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Durchfuhr Reference code : not applicable Period : 1605–1814 Extent : 15 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Durchfuhr (transit) comprises records concerning the regulations and conicts concerning the transit of commodities. It consists of fteen convolutes called “General information”, “Fundamental matters” (11 items), “Conicts within Lübeck” (I–II, 11 items), “Isolated cases” (10 items), “Conicts with states and towns” (8 items), “Conicts with Hamburg” (I–II, 12 items), “Lawsuit of the Supreme Court of the Reich against Hamburg” (I–III, 31 items), “New conicts with Hamburg” (7 items), “Conicts with Prussia” (1 item), and “Lawsuit of the Supreme Court of the Reich against Prussia” (I–III, 22 items). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1605–1718 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, the Netherlands, various countries : Danish, Dutch, High German, Low German

Relevant contents are to be found in all convolutes except nos. 6–11, but not all items are listed here as some are only indirectly related to the Baltic Sea area. The most relevant convolutes concern the following subjects:

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck • • • • • • • • •

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1 (items 8, 11): Fundamental matters, with references to the Schonenfahrer (guild of Scania traders), 1659–1681. 2 (items 1–3): Conicts within Lübeck (I), with references to the Schonenfahrer and the transit of foreign commodities, 1704–1717. 4 (items 2–10): Isolated cases, concerning various commodities, 1610– 1814. 5 (items 1–3, 7, 8): Conicts with states and towns, such as SchleswigHolstein, Denmark, Stralsund, England and Amsterdam, 1605–1675. 6 (items 1, 2): Conicts with Hamburg (I), 1609–1611. 7 (items 1, 7): Conicts with Hamburg (II), 1611–1622. 11 (items 2–5): New conicts with Hamburg, 1652–1658. 12 (item 1): Conicts with Prussia, 1712–1715. 13 (items 1–9), 14 (items 1–11), 15 (items 1, 2): Lawsuit of the Supreme Court of the Reich against Prussia (I), 1715–1718.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 3 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s.

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Related materials • • •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Scania Traders (ASA Interna—Schonenfahrer). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Toll & Supplementary Customs (ASA Interna—Zoll & Zulage). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Corn Sale (ASA Interna—Kornkauf ).

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Trave Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Trave Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Trave Reference code : not applicable Period : 1460–1885 Extent : 70 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Trave consists of 24 sections. It comprises records concerning shery, trafc, ferries, trade, law and storage with regard to the Trave River. The materials often concern relations with Denmark. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1457–1809 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden : Danish, High German, Low German

The sections “General information, privileges and sovereignty”, “Fishery” and “Trave shipping” contain relevant materials, including papers concerning conicts with Denmark about sovereignty, trade and trafc on the Trave River, and shery. The papers deal with the following subjects (arranged per section):

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General information, privileges, sovereignty • •

1 (items 5–7): History, schemes, privileges, concerning Denmark, 1460–1668. 2 (items 3–5, 7, 8), 3 (items 1–6): River sovereignty, regarding Denmark, 1577–1670, 1668–1688.

Fishery • •

5 (item 13): Fishery at the Obertrave (upper Trave), concerning Denmark, 1758. 6 (item 2): Fishery at the Untertrave (lower Trave), regarding Mecklenburg, 1687.

Trave shipping •

• •

11 (items 6, 13), 12 (items 1–3, 6), 13 (item 2), 14 (items 4, 6), 16 (items 3, 5a–6), 17 (item 5): Trave shipping, concerning Denmark, 1586–1623, 1631–1663, 1665, 1698–1699, 1773–1785, 1805–1809. 24 (items 2, 3, 10): Trafc blockades, interruptions, accidents, regarding Denmark and Sweden, 1620–1807. 28 (items 1): Discharges in berths and wharfs, concerning Denmark, 1457.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 9 (in German). Access to items 1 and 2 of convolute 2 is restricted due to water damage. Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the

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civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Related materials • • •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Country Estates (ASA Interna—Landgüter). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Timber Trade (ASA Interna—Holzhandel, convolute 2/1). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Maritime Affairs (ASA Interna—Seesachen, convolute 96/1–5).

Publications •

Urkundenbuch der Stadt Lübeck / Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis, Vol. 9 (Lübeck, 1889), nos. 425, 429, containing an edition of item 1 in convolute 28.

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Travemünde Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Travemünde Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Travemünde Reference code : not applicable Period : 1465–1889 Extent : 126 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of “Trave-

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münde” comprises records concerning the administration of and events in the well-fortied port of Travemünde, which had belonged to Lübeck since 1329, and bordered the Baltic Sea. The record group consists of 26 sections. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1522–1803 : Denmark, Germany, Latvia, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Danish, High German, Low German, various languages

Of particular interest are the sections called “Bailiwick”, “Fortication and defence”, “Local and foreign military, manning”, “Warships before Travemünde”, “Shipping trafc, shipping losses”, “Harbour and roadstead”, “Conduct of pilots” and “Fishery”. These sections include records about periods of war, warships and infringements of foreign soldiers. Furthermore, they deal with stranded ships, laws of wreck, shipping and harbour regulations. The relevant convolutes concern the following subjects: Bailiwick • •

5 (item 5): Reeves, Rostock, 1575. 6 (item 2): Denmark, 1638.

Fortication and defence •

39 (items 3, 6, 9): Fortication and defence, with regard to Sweden and Denmark, 1603–1614.

Local and foreign military, manning • •

47 (item 7): Garrison and headquarters, with regard to Denmark, 1700. 48 (items 1, 5–8): Foreign soldiers and hostile occupation, concerning the Netherlands, Denmark and Sweden, 1522–1720.

Warships before Travemünde •

51 (items 1–6, 8), 52 (item 1–3, 5–9): Warships anchored at the roadsteads, and despatches from at sea, concerning Riga, Sweden, Denmark and Russia, 1603–1803.

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Shipping trafc, shipping losses •

55 (item 3): Wreckage, shipping losses, with regard to Denmark, 1714.

Harbour and roadstead •

57 (items 5, 6): Ordinance regarding the roadstead and harbour, concerning Denmark and Gdansk, 1702–1718.

Conduct of pilots • •

76 (item 3): Discipline and claim lawsuits against pilots, with regard to Visby, 1765. 87 (items 1, 3): Ferries, concerning Denmark, Sweden and Russia, 1627– 1718.

Fishery •

100 (items 1, 2), 101 (item 1): The catching of shrimp, with regard to Mecklenburg, 1687–1764, 1780–1789.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 9 (in German). Access to convolute 52 is restricted. Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even

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though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Related materials • • •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Toll and Supplementary Allowance (ASA Interna—Zoll & Zulage, convolutes 50/10; 51/5; 52/2, 45, 53). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Wall Order (ASA Interna—Wallofzium, convolute 6/4, 6). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Courtings (ASA Interna—Werbungen, convolute 9/1).

Publications •

Albrecht, Thorsten, Travemünde. Vom Fischerort zum See- und Kurbad, (Kleine Hefte zur Stadtgeschichte, 19) (Lübeck, 2005).

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—War Organisation Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—War Organisation Altes Senatsarchiv: Interna—Kriegswesen Reference code : not applicable Period : 1311–1891 Extent : 206 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Kriegswesen (war organisation) comprises records about the organisation of war, the defence of Lübeck and alliances during the Middle Ages, the early modern period and the nineteenth century. It consists of ve sections, A: “Old contingent” (50 convolutes), B: “Hanseatic legion” (49 convolutes),

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C: “Garrison since 1814” (57 convolutes), D: “Oldenburg-Hanseatic units” (35 convolutes), and E: “Prussian garrison” (15 convolutes). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1511–1762 : Denmark, Germany, various countries : High German, Low German, various languages

Relevant are some convolutes concerning certain wars, the involvement of Lübeck and other Hanseatic towns and the consequences for diplomatic relations. All these convolutes belong to section A: “Old contingent”. The relevant papers of this section deal in particular with the following subjects: Convolute 27: Armaments, war actions, defence—I • • • •

Item 5: Combined c. 1511. Item 6: Redeeming Item 7: Journals of Item 15: Supply of

army of the Wendish towns at the Danish war, a prisoner of war, 1523. actions against Christian of Denmark, c. 1531. ships to Bornholm and Gotland, 1566–1569.

Convolute 28: Armaments, war actions, defence—II • •

Item 2: Ofcers in the common contingent of the Hanseatic towns, 1609–1626. Item 6: Reconnaissance against Russian forces, 1762.

Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna”, Vol. 4 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman

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Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not returned to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Related materials • •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Reich’s Tax (ASA Interna—Reichssteuer, convolutes 30, 35/1). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Wakenitz River (ASA Interna—Wakenitz, convolute 13/2).

Old Senate’s Archives: Trades Record group Old Senate’s Archives: Trades Altes Senatsarchiv: Ämter Reference code : not applicable Period : 1289–1904 Extent : 150 convolutes Abstract The record groups of the Old Senate’s Archives (Altes Senatsarchiv, ASA) include all records from the ling department of the town council (senate) from the fteenth to the eighteenth century. The record group of Ämter (trades) contains records concerning the organisation, regulations, correspondence and activities of trades and guilds from the Senate’s point of view. It consists of sections for all 202 trades and guilds of craftsmen.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1540–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Danish, High German, Low German, Swedish, various languages

The relevant records deal with letters of recommendation and foreign affairs, the exchange of customs, advice, and information regarding the recommendation of assistants, debts, raw materials and commodities. Relevant sections include the following trades and subjects: •

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•

General information. Including: * 5 (item 4): Foreign competition, wages, visitations, 1722, concerning Russia. * 14 (item 6): Disturbances between craftsmen, 1800, concerning Rostock. * 15 (item 9): Customs of caftsmen, 1782–1783, concerning Prussia. * 18 (items 1, 6): Assistant’s training period and peregrination, 1735–1797, concerning Stralsund, Rostock and Pomerania. Bäcker (bakers). Including: * 11 (item 1), 12 (item 1): Measures, Backgeld (fees for the use of ovens), 1676, concerning Denmark, 1734–1810, Rostock. * 17 (item 6): Sale of bread, customs of the bakers, 1715, concerning Denmark. Barber (barbers). Including: * 5 (item 12): Assistants, 1690, concerning Riga. * 10 (item 1): Fee equality, 1543, concerning Reval. Bernsteindreher (amber craftsmen). Including: * 1 (item 9): Ofcials, people, foreign relations, 1643–1748, concerning Gdansk (Danzig), Slupsk (Stolp) and Königsberg (Kaliningrad). * 2 (items 1, 4): Amber and coral acquisition, 1475–1672, concerning the Teutonic Order and Gdansk. Beutler (ne leather workers). Including: * 1 (items 18, 20): Constitution, people, Wendish Circle, 1677–1795, concerning St. Petersburg and Wendish towns. * 2 (items 5, 7, 10, 12): Labour regulations and competition, 1599–1736, concerning Stralsund, Narva, Amsterdam and Finland. Böttcher (coopers). Including: * 4 (items 4–6): Assistants, 1667–1800, concerning Wismar, Rostock and Tallinn.

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Branntweinbrenner (brandy distillers). Including: * 20 (item 1 a): Competition between merchants, 1677, concerning Narva. * 23 (item 9): Brandy imports, 1790, concerning Sweden. Buchbinder (bookbinders). Including: * 1 (items 5–6): Regulations, aldermen, masters and assistants, 1651–1658, concerning Rostock, Sweden and Riga. Bürstenbinder (brush-makers). Including: * 1 (items 6, 9): Brush-makers, 1719–1733, concerning Holland, Rostock and Copenhagen. Buntmacher (furriers). Including: * 7 (items 3, 7, 8): Foreign affairs, 1578–1675, concerning Wendish towns and Copenhagen. Caffamaker (velvet weavers). Including: * 3 (item 1): Lawsuit Timm I, 1775–1778, concerning Tallinn and Gdansk. * 4 (items 1–2): Lawsuit Timm II, 1778–1779, concerning Gdansk. Corduanbereiter (Cordovan preparer). Including: * 1 (item 7): Constitution, people, 1647–1753, concerning Tallinn. * 6 (items 1, 2): Foreign affairs, 1630–1650, concerning Gdansk and Copenhagen. Drahtzieher (wiredrawers). Including: * 1 (item 1): Wiredrawers, 1660–1661, concerning Tallinn. Drechsler, Dreher (turners). Including: * 8 (item 2): Outsiders, bunglers, foreigners, 1651–1782, concerning Wismar. * 9 (items 2, 6): Wendish craftsmen circle, 1576–1689, concerning Rostock, Wismar and Stralsund. Filzmacher (hatters). Including: * 2 (item 9): Assistants, 1754, concerning Copenhagen. * 4 (items 1, 2, 4–7): Foreign affairs, 1634–1723, concerning Copenhagen, Flensburg, Wismar and Rostock. Fischer (shermen). Including: * 23 (item 23): Interruptions, interventions, border conicts, 1778, concerning Mecklenburg. Garbereiter (cooks). Including: * 1 (item 3): General information, 1796–1797, concerning Riga. Glaser (glazier). Including: * 9 (items 1, 3, 4): Foreign affairs, 1554–1701, concerning Wismar. Glockengießer (bell-founders). Including: * 1 (items 1, 11): Bell-founders, 1464–1752, concerning Rostock and Königsberg (Kaliningrad).

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Goldschmiede (gold smiths). Including: * 1 (items 1, 11): Constitution, 1463–1769, concerning Wendish towns and Mecklenburg-Schwerin. * 4 (item 5): Ofcials, 1589, concerning Rostock. Gürtler (ironworkers). Including: * 3 (items 5, 7): Conicts with foreign ofcials, 1689 and seventeenth century, concerning Sweden and Tallinn. Hutmacher (hatters). Including: * 6 (items 1, 2, 4–7, 9): Foreign affairs, 1600–1795, concerning Wismar, Rostock, Schwerin, Riga and Tallinn. Kannengießer, Zinngießer (tinsmiths). Including: * 6 (items 3, 6–12): Foreign affairs, Wendish Circle, 1598–1795, concerning Wendish towns, Kiel and Schwerin. Klempner (plumbers). Including: * 2 (items 1, 4, 8): Foreign affairs, 1654–1775, concerning Stockholm, Kopenhagen and Riga. Knochenhauer (butchers). Including: * 17 (items 1, 6): Cattle trade, 1772–1799, concerning Wismar and Mecklenburg. Knopfmacher (button makers). Including: * 1 (item 7): Ofcials, people, foreign affairs, 1740, concerning Rostock. Kuchenbäcker (pastry-cooks). Including: * 1 (item 5): Ordinance, loans, 1702–1703, concerning Copenhagen. * 3 (item 3): Competition, 1610–1821, concerning Schwerin. Kürschner (furriers). Including: * 5 (item 13): Trade with pelts and wool, 1757, concerning Wismar. * 6 (item 5): Borderlands, competition, 1782, concerning Stralsund. * 7 (items 3, 5, 8, 11): Foreign affairs, 1540–1718, concerning Wendish towns and Riga. Kupferschmiede (coppersmiths). Including: * 2 (item 2): Internal competition, 1719, concerning Denmark. * 3 (item 3): External competition, 1575, concerning Holland. * 4 (items 1, 3, 5, 8): Foreign affairs, sixteenth century–1744, concerning Rostock, Stockholm and Copenhagen. Ledertauer (skinners). Including: * 1 (item 6): Ofcials, men, aldermen, competition, foreign affairs, 1697, concerning Wismar. Lohgerber (tanners). Including: * 17 (item 3): Leather trade, 1780, concerning Russia. * 28 (items 1, 9): Foreign affairs, 1649–1733, concerning Rostock.

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck •

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707

Maler (painters). Including: * 5 (item 8): Widows, assistants, 1756, concerning Königsberg (Kaliningrad). Maurer (bricklayers). Including: * 27 (items 2, 8): Foreign affairs, 1642–1788, concerning Riga. Nädler (needle-makers). Including: * 4 (item 2, 5, 7): Foreign affairs, 1618–1675, concerning Kiel, Wismar and Gdansk. Pantoffelmacher (clog-makers). Including: * 4 (items 2, 5–7): Foreign affairs, 1637–1790, concerning Rostock and Schwerin. Pferdekäufer (horse-dealers). Including: * 3 (items 2, 6): Trade in horses, 1633–1721, concerning Mecklenburg and Denmark. Schnurmacher, Posamentierer (twiners). Including: * 3 (items 2, 8): Interventions by merchants, 1617–1698, concerning Amsterdam. * 5 (items 3–5): Foreign affairs, 1655–1760, concerning Szczecin (Stettin), Gdansk and Rostock. Rademacher (cartwrights). Including: * 4 (items 7, 12, 15, 18): Foreign affairs, 1724–1800, concerning Riga and Wismar. Sargmacher, Raschmacher (cofn-makers). Including: * 3 (item 5): Import and export, foreign ofcials, 1668–1670, concerning Stralsund. Reifschläger (tyre-makers). Including: * 1 (item 8): Constitution, people, 1607, concerning Königsberg. Riemer (lorimers). Including: * 5 (items 2, 12): Foreign affairs, 1642–1750, concerning Stralsund and Flensburg. Rotgießer (brass-founders). Including: * 2 (items 2, 4): Foreign affairs, 1555–1712, concerning Wismar and Rostock. Sattler (saddlers). Including: * 1 (item 6): Saddlers, 1782–1786, concerning Riga. Schmiede (smiths). Including: * 1 (item 2): Ordinance, 1527–1739, concerning Wendish towns. * 4 (items 3, 6, 8): Assistants, 1650–1738, concerning Stralsund and Königsberg. * 6 (item 4): Internal conicts, 1706–1716, concerning Wendish towns.

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* 8 (items 1, 3–5, 8, 9): Malpractice, 1668–1799, concerning Stralsund, Rostock, Wismar and Schwerin. * 16 (items 5, 8): Nail smiths, 1697–1725, concerning Kiel, Flensburg, Stralsund and Rostock. * 22 (items 3, 4), 10: Foreign affairs, 1645–1737, concerning Stralsund. Schneider (tailors). Including: * 18 (item 1): Foreign affairs, 1645, concerning Schwerin. Schuster (shoemakers). Including: * 6 (item 5, 7, 8, 10, 16, 18, 21): Assistants, 1665–1798, concerning Wismar, Sweden, Gdansk, Königsberg, Denmark, St. Petersburg and Rostock. * 7 (items 1, 4, 6): Riot of shoemaker’s assistants, 1783–1785, concerning Wismar, Rostock and Riga. * 9 (items 3, 9): Riots of shoemaker’s assistants abroad, 1752–1791, concerning Gdansk and Wismar. * 10 (items 5, 6): Assistants, 1790–1799, concerning Schwerin and Königsberg. * 14 (item 1): Internal conicts, 1631, concerning Sweden. * 20 (item 2): Import of shoes, 1598–1599, concerning Kiel. * 23 (item 4): Visitation of fairs, 1749, concerning Mecklenburg. Schwertfeger (sword-makers). Including: * 1 (items 3–4, 11–12): Sword smiths, 1601–1701, concerning Copenhagen, Stralsund, Rostock and Wendish towns. Stuhlmacher (chair-makers). Including: * 6 (item 5): Foreign affairs, 1756, concerning Riga. Tischler (carpenters). Including: * 23 (items 6–7, 9): Foreign affairs, 1751–1798, concerning Schwerin, Gdansk and Riga. Töpfer (potters). Including: * 6 (items 2, 4, 5): Import of pottery, 1609–1744, concerning Szczecin (Stettin) and Denmark. * 8 (items 5, 6): Foreign affairs, 1743–1766, concerning Wismar, Rostock and Stockholm. Retailers in cloth trade (merchant guild). Including: * 9 (items 1, 5, 6, 17): Details of the drapery trade and imports, fteenth century-1725, concerning Mecklenburg, Holland and Stockholm. * 10 (items 2, 3), 11 (item 1), 12 (items 1, 2): Foreign markets, sixteenth century-1621, concerning Rostock. Krämerkompagnie (retailers’ guild). Including: * 2 (item 1): Admission, 1551–1552, concerning the Netherlands.

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* 22 (item 6), 23 (item 6): Foreign chandlers, 1660, 1780–1781, concerning Riga and Holland. Accessibility Inventory, “ASA Interna Ämter”, Vols. 1, 2 (in German). Record creator / provenance The town council of Lübeck was rst mentioned in 1201 and was ofcially called senate (Senat) from 1848. Usually it consisted of 24 aldermen, chosen for life, four of them being the town’s burgomasters, and initially all belonging to an oligarchy of wholesale-merchants (only in the years 1408–1416 some well-to-do artisans were also among the aldermen). From the late fteenth century, a growing number of jurists joined the town council as well. In 1226 Lübeck became the rst of the so-called German Reichsstädte. This meant that it owed allegiance only to the German King or Holy Roman Emperor. Because of this, the burgomasters and aldermen were involved in a wide range of foreign affairs, especially international trade. Being the civic government, the town council was responsible for the legislative and executive policy and for all foreign affairs too, including its role as head of the Hanseatic League. There was no effective control over its policy even though a selected panel of (or even all) citizens had to assist the council in important matters and afrm its decisions. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit near Bernburg. It was not returned to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Related materials •

Trades and Guilds of Craftsmen (Handwerksämter und Innungen).

Publications •

•

Noodt, Birgit, “Die ‘naringe’ Lübecker Frauen im 14. Jahrhundert: Frauenarbeit in Handel und Handwerk”, in: Zeitschrift des Vereins für Lübeckische Geschichte und Altertumskunde, 83 (2003), pp. 9–51. Ichikawa Yoriko, “Die Stellung der Frauen in den Handwerksämtern im spätmittelalterlichen und frühneuzeitlichen Lübeck”, in: Zeitschrift des

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Vereins für Lübeckische Geschichte und Altertumskunde, 66 (1968), pp. 91–118. Vogel, Klaus A., “Herrschaft und Autonomie. Die Beziehungen zwischen Rat und Handwerksämtern im spätmittelalterlichen Lübeck”, in: Zeitschrift des Vereins für Lübeckische Geschichte und Altertumskunde, 66 (1986), pp. 57–89.

Pound Toll Ofcials Record group Pound Toll Ofcials Pfundzollherren Reference code : not applicable Period : 1367–19th century Extent : 22 convolutes, 3 metres Abstract The record group of Pfundzollherren (pound toll ofcials) comprises records concerning extraordinary contributions made towards trade and its organisation. During the Nordic Seven Years’ War (1563–1570) the pound toll became a permanent institution, administrated by three aldermen of the senate (Senat). The record group contains three sections, Pfundzollquittungen (pound toll receipts), Pfundzoll (pound toll, from 1368) and Pfundzollbücher (pound toll registers), the rst section of which consists of six convolutes: “Towns in the Netherlands” (10 items), “Towns in Schleswig-Holstein and Dithmarschen” (53 items), “Wendish Towns” (784 items), “Prussian and Livonian towns” (395 items), “Danish and Swedish towns” (15 items), and “Reeves of the Wendish towns in Scania” (502 items). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1458–1800 : Denmark, Germany, various countries : High German, Low German, various languages

Relevant are the second and third sections, as the rst section of the pound toll receipts comprises records of the fourteenth century only. Relevant papers (arranged per section and convolute) include the following:

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PFUNDZOLL (POUND TOLL) • • • • • •

1492–1496 (detailed). 1492–1497 (detailed). 1534–1538. 1539–1545. 1540–1542. from 1638 on.

PFUNDZOLLBÜCHER (POUND TOLL REGISTERS) Including the rst extraordinary contributions towards trade and the pacication of the Elbe River and the sea: • •

Toll book, 1458/1459. Pound toll registers, 1480–1487. Including: * I: 1480. * II: 1481. * III: 1482. * IV: 1483. * V: 1484. * VI: 1485. * VII: 1486. * VIII: 1487.

Accessibility Inventory, “Pfundzollherren” (in German). The convolutes covering the periods 1368–1371 and 1539–1545 from the section of Pfundzoll (pound toll) is not accessible due to water damage. Book II (1481) of the section of Pfundzollbücher (pound toll registers) is missing. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. The section of Pfundzoll (pound toll) was initially not complete as the toll book from 1458/1459 and the pound toll registers from 1480 were rst included in the record group of the Schonenfahrer (guild of Scania traders), until their transfer to the present record group in 1997.

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Copies The convolute covering the years 1539–1545 of the section of Pfundzoll (pound toll) has been put on microlm. Related materials • •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Toll & Supplementary Customs (ASA Interna—Zoll & Zulage). Old Senate’s Archives: External—German Territories and States / Oldenburg (ASA Externa—Deutsche Territorien und Staaten / Oldenburg); I, no. 17, 1480 et sqq.

Publications Editions of the section of Pfundzollbücher (Books of charges) can be found in: • • •

Hanserecesse II, Vol. 4 (Leipzig, 1888), no. 427 sqq. (1458). Hanserecesse III, Vol. 1 (Leipzig, 1881), no. 263 sqq. (1480). Urkundenbuch der Stadt Lübeck / Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis, Vol. 10 (Lübeck, 1903), nos. 807, 809 (1480).

Self-Government of Trade and Industry: Skippers’ Society Record group Self-Government of Trade and Industry: Skippers’ Society Selbstverwaltung in Handel und Gewerbe: Schiffergesellschaft Reference code : not applicable Period : 1400–1866 Extent : 326 convolutes, 10 metres Abstract This record group includes journals from 1701 onwards, member lists and receipts from 1535 onwards. It also contains materials on the social activities of the society and its internal affairs, particularly its function as a civil college from 1700 onwards. The record group consists of two sections: books and les.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1535–1838 : Denmark, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Danish, High German, Low German, various languages

Both the books and les sections contain relevant materials, including sea and trade laws and correspondence with other towns about average, lost crew members and rented ships. The materials also concern trade barriers in war time, regulations of transit and export of commodities, storm warnings, lawsuits between merchants, privateering by Swedish and Danish ships (particularly in the Sound), information on the branch ofces, regulations on harbour dues and on tolls in foreign towns, and institutions in foreign towns like the bank of Riga. Relevant materials deal with the following subjects: BOOKS III: Public administration Tax registers • •

117: Papers of the Senate regarding embargoes on free trade. 132: Lübeck-based and foreign ships, 1767–1781.

IV: Papers not relating to the skippers’ society •

140: Maritime law (Copenhagen).

FILES Internal affairs Administration •

202 (item 2): Documents concerning the church and regulations, 1535– 1562, concerning Bergen.

Easement (Grunddienstbarkeit, rights over someone else’s lands) •

205 (items 11, 12): Easement, 1781–1815, concerning Rostock.

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Shipping • •

236 (items 1, 6): Legal administration in shipping affairs, 1600–1831. 240–243: Ship taxations 1731–1799.

The skippers’ society as civil corporation Foreign affairs • • • • • •

261 (items 4–6): Emperor and Reich, 1757–1762, concerning Prussia. 262 (items 5, 6, 10): Individual German states, 1582–1802, concerning St. Petersburg, Holstein and Denmark. 263 (items 1–8): Russia, 1569–1817, concerning St. Petersburg, Moscow, Zeeland and Riga. 264 (items 1–5, 8, 9, 11–14, 16, 16a, 17, 19): Sweden, Norway, Denmark, 1601–1807, concerning Riga, Bergen and the Sound. 265 (items 1–4, 15, 16): England, the Netherlands, 1748–1807, concerning London and Bruges. 266 (items 1–7, 12, 13): France, Spain and Portugal.

State of Lübeck •

273 (item 4): Civil rights, private lawsuits, 1744–1747, concerning Bergen.

Internal administration •

277 (items 4–8): Medical matters, 1710–1776, concerning Livonia, Courland, Prussia, Pomerania, Gdansk (Danzig), Kaliningrad and Stockholm.

Toll affairs • • •

287 (item 4): Administration, 1727. 289 (item 5): Individual tolls, 1768–1816, concerning Mecklenburg. 290 (item 1): Remission and evasion of toll, 1739, concerning Russia.

Trade • •

303 (items 9, 12): Trade, 1777–1791, concerning Bergen and St. Petersburg. 304 (item 1): Transit of foreign commodities, 1708–1837.

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Shipping • •

306 (item 1): Foreigners on Lübeck’s ships, 1598–1800. 307 (items 1, 2, 4): Merchant eet, 1637–1838, concerning Gdansk and Russia.

Accessibility Inventory, “Schiffergesellschaft” (in German) (1909: books section; 1931: les section). Record creator / provenance A rst skippers’ society was founded in 1401 as a fraternity of skippers in order to promote their interests and create a body dealing with maritime matters. Custodial history This record group was initially acquired by the repository in 1909. It belongs to the large quantity of archival material that was removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. The material was returned to Lübeck in 1987 and the 1990s, at which point a few records got lost. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Maritime Affairs (ASA Interna—Seesachen).

Publications •

Hammel-Kiesow, Rolf (ed.), Seefahrt, Schiff und Schifferbrüder. 600 Jahre Schiffergesellschaft zu Lübeck 1401–2001 (Lübeck, 2001).

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Self-Government of Trade and Industry: Trades and Guilds of Craftsmen Record group Self-Government of Trade and Industry: Trades and Guilds of Craftsmen Selbstverwaltung von Handel und Gewerbe: Handwerksämter und -innungen Reference code : not applicable Period : 1321–1972 Extent : 411 convolutes, 75 metres Abstract This record group contains records concerning the organisation, regulations, correspondence and actions of various guilds and trades. It consists of 202 sections, each referring to a trade or guild. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1466–1815 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Danish, High German, Low German, Swedish, various languages

Relevant materials include letters of recommendation and documents concerning foreign affairs. The papers (arranged per section) deal with the following subjects: •

•

•

Altbinder (binders) Files. Including: * Letters of Wismar’s binders to Lübeck’s guild regarding marriage impostors, 1653–1657. Apengeter (brass-founders) Certicates. Including: * Rostock’s letters of recommendation, 1468. Bäcker (bakers) Certicates. Including: * Roll of 1547 concerning the free alliance of the masters of bakers of the Wendish towns.

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

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•

717

* 5 items with letters of recommendation, 1457–1472, concerning Wismar and Rostock. Trades. Including: * item 1: 1654–1675, concerning the Wendish towns. Alliance of the Wendish towns. Including: * Resolution regarding the trades of Lübeck and the Wendish towns, 1619. Bechermacher (beaker-makers) Certicates. Including: * Conrmations of the free alliance between the beaker-makers of Lübeck, Hamburg, Stralsund, Rostock and Wismar, 1493–1500 and 1553–1593. * Letters of recommendation from the town council of Wismar, 1464. * Free alliance between the trades of the Wendish towns, 1607. Files. Including: * Assessments of the Wette (payment) and trafc of the Wendish towns, 1577–1616. Böttcher (coopers) Certicates. Including: * Roll of 1440. Büttenbinder (paper-makers) Files. Including: * Correspondence of the paper-makers in Stralsund, Rostock and Wismar, 1674–1780. Buntfutterer (furriers) Certicates. Including: * Letters of recommendation from the town council of Tallinn, 1470. * Alliance of the furriers of the six Wendish towns and Lübeck, 1623. Caffmacher (velvet weavers) Files. Including: * item 7: Messages from Gdansk (Danzig) and Hamburg, 1791–1792. Corduanbereiter (Cordovan preparers) Files. Including: * item 4: Relations with other trades, 1646–1815, concerning Tallinn and Gdansk. Färber (dyers) Certicates. Including: * 4 items with letters of recommendation, indentures, messages, 1751– 1771, concerning Kolobrzeg (Kolberg), Bornholm and Alten-Szczecin (Stettin).

718 •

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

germany

Gürtler (ironworkers) Files. Including: * items 10, 13, 16: Relations with the ironworkers’ trades in Gdansk, 1691, Copenhagen, 1673–1745, and Stockholm, 1688–1746. Hutmacher (hatters) Certicates. Including: * Letters of recommendation, 1466, concerning Schwerin. Kannengießer (tinsmiths) Certicates. Including: * 4 items with letters of recommendation, 1456–1496, concerning Stralsund, Anklam and Wismar. Miscellaneous. Including: * Free alliance of the tinsmiths of the six Wendish towns, 1729. * Induction of the profession in Copenhagen, 1706. Kerzengießer (chandlers) Files. Including: * Lübeck’s chandlers at the Schwerin market place, 1744–1748. Kürschner (furriers) Certicates. Including: * 1 item with letters of recommendation, concerning Rostock, 1463. Lohgerber (tanners) Files. Including: * Foreign affairs, 1609–1800, concerning Gdansk, Kaliningrad, Tallinn, Rostock, Szczecin (Stettin), Stralsund and Wismar. Nädler (needle-makers) Miscellaneous: purchases. Including: * Items 6, 10, 15: Gdansk, Stockholm and Kiel, 1666–1745. Schnurmacher (twiners) Files. Including: * Foreign affairs, 1607–1753, concerning Anklam, Gdansk, Greifswald, Helsingborg, Helsingør, Kaliningrad, Copenhagen, Rostock, Szczecin and Stockholm. Reifschläger (tyre-makers) Certicates. Including: * 5 items with letters of recommendation, 1456–1465, concerning Wismar and Deventer. Riemer (lorimers) Certicates. Including: * 1 item with letters of recommendation from Wismar, 1425. Files. Including: * Two letters of Rostock’s lorimer assistants, 1482–1484.

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck •

•

•

•

•

•

•

• •

•

719

Rotgießer (brass-founders) Certicates. Including: * Trades in Sweden, 1642. * Letters of recommendation, Kaliningrad, 1713. * Indenture from Kaliningrad, 1723. Files. Including: * Foreign affairs, concerning Gdansk, Flensburg, Greifswald, Kiel, Copenhagen, Tallinn, Riga, Rostock, Stockholm, Stralsund and Wismar, 1570–1806. Schneider (tailors) Certicates. Including: * 1 item with letters of recommendation, 1461, concerning Gdansk. Schuhmacher (shoemakers) Certicates. Including: * 5 items with letters of recommendation, 1450–1462, concerning Schwerin, Stralsund, Rostock, Usedom and Uckermünde. Schwertfeger (sword-makers) Certicates. Including: * 9 items with letters of recommendation, 1459–1469, concerning Wismar, Kolobrzeg (Kolberg), Stralsund and Rostock. Stuhlmacher (chair-makers) Certicates. Including: * Master craftsman’s diploma from Riga, 1743. Tischler (carpenters) Certicates. Including: * Letters of recommendation from Greifswald, 1734. Töpfer (potters) Certicates. Including: * Free alliances of the potters of the Wendish towns, 1681 (photo). Leinweber (linen weavers) * Free alliances of the linen weavers of the Wendish towns, 1731. Kupferschmiede (coppersmiths) * “Article textbook and assistant’s book of the coppersmiths in the contiguous Hanseatic towns 1592–1747”, concerning Wismar, Stralsund, Rostock, Güstrow and Greifswald, 1618. Freibäcker (free bakers) * 6: Free bakers’ tenure, correspondence with the town council of Stockholm, 1649.

Accessibility Inventory, “Handwerksämter und -innungen”, Vols. 1, 2 (in German).

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Record creator / provenance This record group developed from the administration of the trades and guilds in question. Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival material that was removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. The material was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. Part of the records listed in Vol. 2 of the inventory are stored at the museum of art and art history in Lübeck. Related materials •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Trades (ASA Interna—Ämter).

Publications •

•

•

Ichikawa Yoriko, “Die Stellung der Frauen in den Handwerksämtern im spätmittelalterlichen und frühneuzeitlichen Lübeck”, in: Zeitschrift des Vereins für Lübeckische Geschichte und Altertumskunde, 66, pp. 91–118 (1968). Noodt, Birgit, “Die ‘naringe’ Lübecker Frauen im 14. Jahrhundert: Frauenarbeit in Handel und Handwerk”, in: Zeitschrift des Vereins für Lübeckische Geschichte und Altertumskunde, 83, pp. 9–51 (2003). Vogel, Klaus A., “Herrschaft und Autonomie. Die Beziehungen zwischen Rat und Handwerksämtern im spätmittelalterlichen Lübeck”, in: Zeitschrift des Vereins für Lübeckische Geschichte und Altertumskunde, 66, pp. 57–89 (1986).

Supplementary Customs Ofcials Record group Supplementary Customs Ofcial Zulageherren Reference code : not applicable Period : 1628–1834 Extent : 8 convolutes, 7 metres

archives of the hanseatic town of lübeck

721

Abstract The record group of Zulageherren (supplementary customs ofcials) includes all records concerning the supplementary customs that were rst introduced to enlarge the Trave River around the Bretling depth. In 1626 the customs duty started to be administered by an ofce with six alderman of the senate (Senat) and twelve citizens of Lübeck, whose number was raised to ten aldermen in 1739. The custom was reorganised in the nineteenth century. The record group consists of the convolutes “Department”, “Course of business”, “Staff ”, “Bookkeeping”, “Circumstantialities”, “Exemptions from contributions”, “Taxes”, and “Books”. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1667–1815 : Germany, various countries : High German, Low German, various languages

Relevant is the eighth convolute, “ Books”, the remaining papers of which are structured as follows: •

• •

Customs duties ashore, 1667–1751. * 1667–1668. * 1669–1670. * 1676–1678. * 1683–1685. * 1693–1695. * 1697–1698. * 1712–1713. * 1720–1722. * 1740–1741. * 1750–1751. Register of customs receipts, 1667–1668. Incoming payments (at sea), 1671–1800. * 1671–1673. * 1675–1678. * 1680–1682. * 1690–1691. * 1700–1702. * 1730–1731. * 1741–1743. * 1750–1751.

722

• •

• • • •

•

• •

•

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* 1760. * 1770. * 1780. * 1781. * 1790. * 1800. Receipts (at sea), tonnage and convoy charges, 1678–1679. Outgoing payments (at sea), 1679–1815. * 1679–1680. * 1710–1711. * 1719–1721. * 1730–1731. * 1740. * 1750–1751. * 1760. * 1770. * 1790. * 1800. * Supplementary volume (at sea), 1802–1804. * Outgoing (at sea), 1807–1814. Register of incoming ships, 1756–1757, 1765–1767. Book of weekly costs, 1772–1784. Charges and duties on incoming and outgoing commodities ashore and at sea, undated. Taxes and tariffs of general charges, customs duties and excise on incoming and outgoing commodities at sea and ashore in Lübeck, up to 1789. Taxes and tariffs of general charges, customs duties and excise on incoming and outgoing commodities at sea and ashore with notes and sample calculations, undated. Tax book by the recorder of customs Johann Tempelmann, 1689– 1698. Taxes and tariffs of general charges, duties and excise on incoming and outgoing commodities, and receipts from the exchequer of the town of Lübeck, 1768–1810. Book of charges and duties on outgoing and incoming commodities, up to 1718.

Accessibility Inventory, “Zulageherren” (in German).

archives of the superintendency oldenburg

723

Custodial history This record group belongs to the large quantity of archival materials that were removed from Lübeck in 1942 and put into a salt pit in Bernburg. It was not sent back to Lübeck until 1987 and the 1990s. From the original 350 items, all the early ones still remain, but of the volumes dating from 1700 onwards, only a tenth has been preserved. Related materials • • • •

Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Toll & Supplementary Customs (ASA Interna—Zoll & Zulage). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Brethling (ASA Interna—Brethling). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Exchequer (ASA Interna—Cassa). Old Senate’s Archives: Internal—Cameraria: Finance Department (ASA Interna—Cameraria: Kämmerei).

ARCHIVES OF THE SUPERINTENDENCY OLDENBURG IN HOLSTEIN Archiv des Kirchenkreises Oldenburg i. H. Neustadt in Holstein www.nordelbisches-kirchenarchiv.de

Parish of Neustadt in Holstein Record group Parish of Neustadt in Holstein Kirchengemeinde Neustadt i. H. Reference code : not applicable Period : c. 1700–1979 Extent : 562 items, c. 13 metres

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Abstract This record group contains records concerning all activities of the clergymen and the parish at Neustadt (on the coast north of Lübeck). The les are all subject les. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1711–1712 : Germany : High German

Item no. 1714 comprises a petition by citizens of Neustadt for new places for shipbuilding yards, 1711–1712.

ARCHIVES OF THE HANSEATIC TOWN OF ROSTOCK Archiv der Hansestadt Rostock Rostock www.rostock.de/stadtarchiv

Burgomaster and Council, Board of Councillors Record group Burgomaster and Council, Board of Councillors Bürgermeister und Rat, Ratskollegium Reference code : 1.1.3.2. Period : 1408–1939 Extent : 768 items, 33 metres

archives of the hanseatic town of rostock

725

Abstract This record group concerns the local and foreign policy of the town council of Rostock as an assembly of peers. It includes minutes of the meetings of the council and of the representatives of the citizens, foreign correspondence of the council, as well as documents concerning the constitution and composition of the highest municipal authority. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1442–1773 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Latin, Low German

Relevant with regard to the external relations of the town of Rostock is the foreign correspondence of the council, both outgoing and incoming. Especially the correspondence with other Hanseatic towns around the Baltic Sea is abundant. • • •

41 missive books, 1499–1618. 34 folders of unbound missives, 1500–1721. Incoming correspondence from: * Kings of Denmark, 1459–1694 (4 folders). * Kings of Sweden, 1467–1684 (2 folders). * States General of the Netherlands, 1544–1653 (1 folder). * Dukes of Holstein, 1573–1640 (1 folder). * Dukes of Pomerania, 1454–1625 (2 folders). * Counts of East-Friesland, 1559–1565 (1 folder). * Bremen, 1540–1581 (1 folder). * Gdansk (Danzig), 1453–1662 (1 folder). * Demmin, 1491–1578 (1 folder). * Greifswald, 1504–1678 (1 folder). * Hamburg, 1476–1627 (2 folders). * Lübeck, 1461–1675 (11 folders). * Lüneburg, 1495–1773 (1 folder). * Tallinn (Reval), 1546–1577 (1 folder). * Riga, 1546–1626 (1 folder). * Szczecin (Stettin), 1541–1653 (1 folder). * Stralsund, 1442–1641 (6 folders). * Wismar, 1448–1678 (9 folders).

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Accessibility Inventory (2005) and database (2006) (in German).

Burgomaster and Council, Hanseatic Matters Record group Burgomaster and Council, Hanseatic Matters Bürgermeister und Rat, Hanseatica Reference code : 1.1.3.10 Period : 1277–1717 Extent : 185 items, 5.5 metres Abstract The sub-group of “Hanseatic matters” is part of the voluminous and important record group of “Burgomaster and Council” of the town of Rostock. It concerns the many aspects of Rostock’s role as a member of the Hanseatic League from the mid-fourteenth century. The earliest documents (of 1277) deal with trade matters regarding Russia and Livonia; the youngest dates from the time after the last Hanseatic diet of 1669. Hanseatic agreements (Hanserezesse) form the bulk of this record group. These are accompanied by the chronologically sorted correspondence of the council with other Hanseatic towns, the kings of the Scandinavian countries, other rulers and princes as well as private persons, on matters of trade, commerce and connected privileges. Instructions to envoys of the council, reports, matters of accounting, town ordinances and mutual agreements complete the records. The manifold trade relations of the town of Rostock are documented by many documents, which have been sorted and collected geographically and by matter into le groups. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1277–1717 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Latin, Low German

The Hanseatic agreements of the period 1358–1669 are preserved individually, in folders and bound manuscripts (95 items in all). The complicated

archives of the hanseatic town of rostock

727

network of Hanseatic politics and trade relations is reected in 5 reports about negotiations by legations during the period 1360–1566, 1 instruction by the duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg for negotiations with the Wendish towns in 1535, and especially in 45 folders from the chronological les of the council in Hanseatic matters, spanning the period from 1423 to 1677. The negotiations leading to the treaty between the Hanseatic towns and the Netherlands are included in 2 folders from 1612–1624. The records on trade and shipping with individual countries are sorted as follows: Denmark, in particular trade to Scania and the export of beer, 1285–1688 (11 folders); Norway, in particular the Hanseatic ofce in Bergen, 1494–1717 (4 folders); Sweden, 1376–1641 (4 folders); Russia and Livonia, 1277–1603 (2 folders); quarrels between merchants from Lübeck, Wismar, Rostock and Stralsund, 1477–1516 (2 folders). Accessibility Inventory and database (in German) (2006).

Burgomaster and Council, Matters of War Record group Burgomaster and Council, Matters of War Bürgermeister und Rat, Kriegsesen Reference code : 1.1.3.12 Period : 1488–1937 Extent : 924 items, 25.5 metres Abstract This record group consists of the documents of the burgomaster and council of the town of Rostock concerning matters of war. Included are, among many other things, several les on the Swedish licent toll at Warnemünde. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1632–1747 : Germany, Sweden : High German

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Relevant are the stipulations of the peace treaty of Münster-Westphalia concerning the Swedish licent toll at Warnemünde, impediments to trade, and efforts by the Rostock town council to have the toll abolished (1632–1747, 18 folders). Accessibility Inventory (2005) and database (2006) (in German). Record creator / provenance In 1632, at the height of the Thirty Years’ War, the dukes of Mecklenburg granted the Swedish King Gustav Adolf the right to levy a toll at the shing village of Warnemünde downstream from Rostock, near the mouth of the Warnow River, on all incoming and outgoing ships. This toll was continued even after the peace treaty of Münster-Westphalia and proved disastrous for Rostock’s trade and shipping. All efforts by the Mecklenburg dukes and the town of Rostock to have it abolished failed. The merchant eet was rapidly dwindling owing to the toll, which in turn caused a decrease within the town of the export production by craftsmen. When the income from the toll was consequently diminished to near insignicance, it was subleased by the Swedes to Mecklenburg in 1714 until nally, in 1748, it was abolished altogether. Related materials •

Burgomaster and Council, Warnemünde (reference code: 1.1.3.23); including 7 les on the Swedish licent toll in Warnemünde.

Companies of Skippers and Merchants Record group Companies of Skippers and Merchants Schiffer- und Kaufmannsgesellschaften Reference code : 1.2.8 Period : 1478–1944 Extent : 17 units, 1 metre

archives of the hanseatic town of rostock

729

Abstract This record group contains the mostly fragmentary records of several merchants’ societies (also called Gelag or skippers’ associations) of the town of Rostock. Besides trade with certain regions in northern Europe and matters of rank and privilege, these societies were concerned with providing social security for members of the families of merchants and skippers and with doing charitable work. In Rostock, these associations existed for merchants trading with the Norwegian Vik, as well as with Bergen, Flanders, Riga, Scania and Stockholm. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1478–1915 : Latvia, Sweden : High German, Low German

Twelve les from the period 1572–1915 illustrate the activities of the Schiffergesellschaft (also called Schonenfahrergelag), which engaged mainly in trade with Sweden. The les mainly deal with aspects of organisation (statutes, membership, nances and minutes of meetings) and the fund for burials and widows. Four les pertain to the Riga merchants and concern the activities of the Rigafahrerspende, a social endowment, between 1478 and 1796. Accessibility Database (in German) (2006). Custodial history The record group was created and described in the present repository in 1998.

Company of Merchants Record group Company of Merchants Kaufmannskompagnie Reference code : 1.2.1. Period : 1621–1901 (1914) Extent : 476 units, 9.5 metres

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Abstract This record group comprises the archives of the Company of Merchants in Rostock. Part of the materials has been arranged in le groups. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1681–1875 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : High German, Low German

Relevant materials concern the following subjects: • • •

• • • •

Trade in grain, herring and wool, 1710–1873 (57 les). File group Zölle, Zollverein: toll and toll matters in and near Rostock and abroad, 1734–1874 (16 les). Trade relations of the town of Rostock with other nations, shipping conditions in overseas countries and ports, port fees and negotiations, treaties and agreements between the Dukes of Mecklenburg and foreign powers on trade and shipping, 1760–1875 (27 les). Health regulations, quarantines and certicates of health for seamen in Rostock and other ports, 1681–1876 (10 les). Harbour regulations, pilotage, regulations on foreshores and fairways, 1737–1873 (25 les). Matters of taxes and excise in Rostock, 1731–1869 (42 les). File group “effects of war”: effects of the French occupation of Mecklenburg (1806–1813) on shipping and trade of Rostock and Mecklenburg in general, 1758–1872 (49 les).

Accessibility Inventory (1976) and database (2006) (in German). Record creator / provenance The Company of Rostock Merchants was an association of long-distance wholesale traders, which is rst documented in 1601 but probably goes back much further. Its range of activities was at rst limited to the Baltic Sea area but later extended to all of Europe as well as the Americas and Asia. The oldest known statutes date from 1735. The main interest of the company was to preserve the monopoly of their members in long-distance and wholesale trading, as well as to promote the Rostock trade in general.

archives of the hanseatic town of rostock

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In 1871 the company was transformed into the Rostock Corporation of Traders. Custodial history The record group was acquired by the present repository in 1910 and was described in 1975–1976.

“Gewett” Department Record group “Gewett” Department Gewett Reference code : 1.1.12. Period : 1381–1945 Extent : 6675 items, 150.5 metres Abstract This record group consists of the administration of the Gewett department of the town of Rostock. It contains documents related to its duties of supervising trade and commerce, craftsmen and their guilds, and the harbour and fairways. In accordance with the main activities of the Gewett, the record group is subdivided into three groups. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1510–1827 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : High German, Low German

Relevant are sections of sub-group 1.1.12.1, which concerns the harbour and shipping matters dealt with by the Gewett (2143 items, dating from 1576–1945, 35 metres): •

Sea letters (or ship’s passports), issued to skippers as indemnication papers, usually containing the name of the issuing authority, date of issue, name of the skipper, port of origin, cargo details and its owner, port or country of destination and, if applicable, details of the return

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cargo, mostly issued in Rostock, 1510, 1516, 1563–1564, 1660–1714, 1782–1827 (5 items). Register of sea letters, listing the data from the issued sea letters for the issuing authority, in this case the Rostock town council, 1585–1605 (1 item) (as the sea letters themselves were given to the skippers and were rarely, if ever, handed back, the register has a great value for statistical purposes with regard to the activities of the department and in providing a copy of the relevant contents of the sea letters). Bills of lading, 1607–1696 (1 item). Travel documents and health certicates for skippers, 1701–1773 (1 item).

Accessibility Inventory (1981) and database (2006) (both in German). Record creator / provenance The Gewett was a department of the Rostock town administration that in the fourteenth century developed from the council ofce of the Weddeherren. It was concerned with supervising, policing and administering justice in matters of trade and commerce in the town, of craftsmen and their guilds, of the harbour and the fairways and nally of the port of Warnemünde, which belonged to the town. From the early nineteenth century the department gradually lost its competences, but it continued to function until 1945. Copies Item no. 211 in sub-group 1.1.12.1 is a partial copy of the register of sea letters for the period 11 June 1586 to 9 December 1597. Publications •

Christlieb, Marie, “Rostocks Seeschiffahrt und Warenhandel um 1600”, in: Beiträge zur Geschichte der Stadt Rostock, 19 (1934), pp. 5–130.

archives of the hanseatic town of rostock

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Hanseatic Charters Record group Hanseatic Charters Urkunden Hanse Reference code Period Extent

: U 1p Hanse : 1251–1620 : 244 items

Abstract This record group consists of charters regarding Hanseatic matters of the town of Rostock. They make up a signicant part of the roughly 3500 charters in the archives of Rostock, as shipping and trade have been at the core of the town’s activities since earliest times. Consequently, Rostock gured prominently among the leading members of the Hanseatic League until the last diet of 1669, and the charters reect the full scope of Hanseatic policies and economics. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1451–1620 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Latin, Low German

The entire collection is relevant, as it concerns Rostock’s role as a Hanseatic trading town. Of particular interest are: • • • • • •

Invitation to the diet of 1476 (1 charter). Treaties of alliance of the Wendish Hanseatic towns, 1483–1545 (4 charters). Treaty of the States General of the Netherlands with the Hanseatic towns, 1616 (2 charters). Documents concerning the trade of Rostock merchants in Oslo and Tönsberg, 1451–1530 (24 charters). Documents regarding German merchants in Bergen, 1476 and 1520 (2 charters). Acknowledgements by Kings Christian and Hans of Denmark regarding the accounts of their mint master and advocate in Malmö, Hans Dringenberg, 1451–1494 (9 charters).

734 • •

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Documents concerning the trade of the Hanseatic towns in Scania, 1460–1525 (10 charters). Documents regarding churches and monasteries in Landskrona, in particular real estate transactions of the German company in connection with their St. George’s altar in the local St. John’s Church, 1466–1529 (20 charters). Documents concerning the Count’s Feud, 1534 (1 charter). Treaty between King Christian III of Denmark and the towns of Rostock and Wismar, 1537 (2 charters). Privilege of King Gustav of Sweden for Lübeck and other Hanseatic towns, 1523, and later conrmations thereof, 1523–1620 (5 charters). Documents regarding Swedish prisoners in Rostock, 1528 and 1538 (8 charters). Appeal to the Hanseatic towns by Livonia for help against the Russians, 1490 (2 charters). Documents concerning the Deutsche Kaufmann (German trading ofce) in Bruges, 1483 and 1513 (2 charters). Documents regarding the affairs of Hanseatic merchants, 1464–1558 (7 charters).

Accessibility A card index (in German) is available in the reading room. Publications •

Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch, 26 Vols. (Schwerin, etc., 1863– 1977).

Merchants’ Archives Record group Merchants’ Archives Kaufmannsarchive Reference code : 1.2.6 Period : 1345–1599 Extent : 12 items, 0.5 metres

archives of the hanseatic town of rostock

735

Abstract These archives consist of the business papers of several merchants from Rostock in medieval and early modern times. They include correspondence, accounts and other nancial registers, and personal documents. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1544–1564 : Germany, various countries : Low German

Of particular relevance is the small collection of business documents of burgomaster Bernt Kron the elder and his son Bernt Kron the younger, which reects Rostock’s trade relations with Norway, especially with the Oslo merchant Bertram Bene. The collection consists of two account books of Bernt Kron the younger concerning his trade with Bertram Bene, dating from 1550–1564, 60 letters from Bertram Bene in Oslo to Bernt Kron the elder and younger in Rostock, from 1549–1564, and 15 accounts of Bernt Kron the elder and younger, from 1544–1549. Accessibility Card index and database (in German) (2006). Publications •

Thierfelder, Hildegard (ed.), Rostock-Osloer Handelsbeziehungen im 16. Jahrhundert. Die Geschäftspapiere der Kaueute Kron in Rostock und Bene in Oslo (Abhandlungen zur Handels- und Sozialgeschichte, Vol. 1) (Weimar, 1958).

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ROSTOCK UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Universitätsbibliothek Rostock Rostock www.uni-rostock.de/ub

Special Collections (Manuscripts, Maps) Record group Special Collections (Manuscripts, Maps) Sondersammlungen (Handschriften, Historische Karten) Reference code : not applicable Period : 11th century–up to the present Extent : c. 3000 manuscripts and several hundred maps Abstract The “Special Collections” comprise manuscripts, incunabula, sixteenth-century printed books, rare printed books from the seventeenth to twentieth centuries, manuscript and printed music, portraits, maps etc. The manuscripts cover a wide range of topics (such as theology, law, history, philology, philosophy and medicine) and include about 90 codices, 330 fragments dating from the Middle Ages and around 190 orientalia. A signicant part of the modern manuscripts consists of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Mecklenburgica and archives or literary remains from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The collection of maps deals chiey with Mecklenburg and other parts of Germany. The atlases (those concerning the Baltic Sea region are all published) belong to the rare books collection. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1584–1783 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, High German, Latin

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Relevant manuscripts include the following: •

• • • •

•

•

Mss. histor. 1: Varia Historica, 5 vols., including: * Vol. 1 (c. 300 folios): including notes on Sweden and Lübeck (nos. 5 and 9). * Vol. 2 (c. 550 folios): including papers concerning Weimar (nos. 5–22). * Vol. 4 (c. 600 folios): including papers on large parts of the Baltic Sea region, mostly dealing with Lübeck, Stralsund, Tallinn, Holland, Sweden and Denmark (nos. 11–51). Mss. histor. part. Hanse: Varia Hanseatica (c. 80 folios), seventeenth century. Mss. Meckl. B 253(1)5: Diary of the journey in 1603 of the Hanseatic towns legates from Lübeck to Moscow, 1604. Mss. jur. 8: Ship ordinance of the Hanseatic towns, issued in 1591 at the Hansetag in Lübeck, copy from the seventeenth century. Mss. math. phys. 30: “Schat-Kamer ofte Konst der Stuerliden, in Rein gebrogt in Jaer 1729 et 1730”, kind of handbook with nautical instructions (138 folios), by Johan Allwart, 1730, including many coloured drawings. Mss. Meckl. O 93: Specication of the ships arriving at and departing from Rostock in 1783, and the goods (including grain) etc. they carry, by Joachim Krauel, 5 vols., 1783. Mss. Meckl. O 92: Designation of the skippers present in Rostock, by Andreas Bölckow, 1754.

In addition, other relevant manuscript material might be found in the volumes of Varia Historica on Sweden (1.5 metres), towns such as Hamburg, Lübeck, Riga, Rostock and Wismar (3.5 metres), and other Hanseatic towns as well as Pomerania (c. 1 metre). These volumes contain, for example, certicates, privileges, statutes and negotiations. Accessibility The collection is accessible by way of a systematic catalogue (compiled from the nineteenth century onwards, in several volumes) and an alphabetical catalogue (begun in the 1950s, on cards). Both are handwritten. A microlm copy of the systematic catalogue can be lent out.

738

germany

Visually attractive Mss. math. phys. 30, the “Schat-Kamer” of Johan Allwart, includes c. 220 coloured drawings illustrating sailing instructions and nautical exercises, including depictions of the four main churches of Rostock used to calculate angles and heights. Publications •

The diary of the journey of the delegates of the Hanseatic towns from Lübeck to Moscow in 1603 has been published in: Hansische Geschichtsblätter, 17 (1888), pp. 29–62.

SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN STATE ARCHIVES Landesarchiv Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig www.landesarchiv.schleswig-holstein.de

Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf Record group Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf Herzöge von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf Reference code : Abt. 7 Period : 1544–1713 Extent : 6800 units, 200 metres Abstract This record group comprises papers deriving from the Duchy of SchleswigHolstein-Gottorf until 1713, including its central administration.

schleswig-holstein state archives

739

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1544–1713 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands : French, High German, Latin, Low German

Relevant materials include correspondence dating from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries with foreign powers surrounding the Baltic Sea, ducal regions on the Baltic Sea coast (Apenrade, Landschaft Fehmarn, Cismar, Neustadt, etc.), and the town and local authorities of Kiel. Accessibility Inventory in: Findbuch des Bestandes Abt. 7: Herzöge von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf 1544–1713, Vols. 1 and 2, ed. Kurt Hector (1977), Vol. 3, ed. Kurt Hector and Heinrich Frhr. von Hoyningen gen. Huene (1983), with addenda and indexes to Vols. 1 and 2. Custodial history In the eighteenth century, the materials were gradually transferred to the Royal Danish archives, to be returned to the Prussian State Archives in Schleswig and Kiel between 1874 and 1936.

German Chancellery in Copenhagen from 1730 Record group German Chancellery in Copenhagen from 1730 Deutsche Kanzlei zu Kopenhagen ab 1730 Reference code : Abt. 65.2 Period : 1730–1849 Extent : 8000 units, 600 metres Abstract This record group comprises the central administration of the parts of Schleswig-Holstein that were governed by the crown of Denmark from 1730 onward.

740

germany

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1730–1849 : Denmark, Germany, Russia : High German

Relevant is the correspondence with the royal dominions bordering the Baltic Sea, in particular the local administrations (Amt) of Hadersleben and Flensburg and the Landschaft Fehmarn. In addition, there are les on trade and shipping. Accessibility 22 manuscript inventories (in German) (18th and 19th centuries). Record creator / provenance The German Chancellery in Copenhagen was instituted in the early sixteenth century as the central administrative ofce for the parts of Schleswig and Holstein governed by the crown of Denmark. It was dissolved in 1849. Custodial history The les, initially kept in Copenhagen, were distributed between the National Archives in Copenhagen and the Schleswig-Holstein State Archives in Schleswig and Kiel during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Related materials •

German Chancellery in Copenhagen until 1730 (Deutsche Kanzlei zu Kopenhagen bis 1730, reference code: Abt. 65.1).

German Chancellery in Copenhagen until 1730 Record group German Chancellery in Copenhagen until 1730 Deutsche Kanzlei zu Kopenhagen bis 1730 Reference code : Abt. 65.1 Period : 1530–1730 Extent : 1900 units, 26 metres

schleswig-holstein state archives

741

Abstract This record group comprises the central administration of the parts of Schleswig-Holstein that were governed by the crown of Denmark until 1730. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1530–1730 : Denmark, Germany : High German

Relevant is the correspondence with the royal dominions bordering the Baltic Sea, in particular the local administrations (Amt) of Hadersleben and Flensburg, and other places during the eighteenth century. Accessibility Inventory in: Findbuch des Bestandes Abt. 65.1: Deutsche Kanzlei zu Kopenhagen bis 1730, ed. Konrad Wenn (1981). Record creator / provenance The German Chancellery in Copenhagen was instituted in the early sixteenth century as the central administrative ofce for the parts of Schleswig and Holstein governed by the crown of Denmark. It was dissolved in 1849. Custodial history The les, initially kept in Copenhagen, were distributed between the National Archives in Copenhagen and the Schleswig-Holstein State Archives in Schleswig and Kiel during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Related materials •

German Chancellery in Copenhagen from 1730 (Deutsche Kanzlei zu Kopenhagen ab 1730, reference code: Abt. 65.2).

742

germany

Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf (Grand Ducal) Secret Government Council in Kiel Record group Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf (Grand Ducal) Secret Government Council in Kiel Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorsches (Grossfürstliches) Geheimes RegierungsConseil zu Kiel Reference code : Abt. 8.1 Period : 1720–1773 Extent : 3000 units, 100 metres Abstract This record group comprises the records of the government of the state of Holstein-Gottorf. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1720–1773 : Denmark, Germany, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : French, High German

Relevant papers concern foreign affairs and the local administration of the areas bordering the Baltic Sea. Accessibility Inventory in: Findbuch des Bestandes 8.1: Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorsches (Großfürstliches) Geheimes Regierungs-Conseil zu Kiel 1720–1773, ed. Wolfgang Prange and Konrad Wenn (1989). Custodial history The les were kept in Copenhagen until 1874, when they were transferred to the Prussian State Archives in Schleswig.

main state archives schwerin

743

STATE OFFICE FOR CULTURE AND THE PRESERVATION OF MONUMENTS, MAIN STATE ARCHIVES SCHWERIN Landesamt für Kultur und Denkmalpege, Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin Schwerin www.landeshauptarchiv-schwerin.de

Stranding and Right of Wreck Record group Stranding and Right of Wreck Strandung und Strandrecht (Acta naufragium) Reference code : 2.12–2/11 Period : 1442–1867 Extent : 158 items, 2 metres Abstract The record group deals with ships run ashore and the right of wreck of the salvage parties and the territorial lords concerning their cargo either cast ashore or oating at sea or on rivers. This right was disputed and conicts arose about who owned the salvaged goods. Often ships, their cargo or dead bodies were later returned in exchange for compensation. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1442–1867 : Denmark, Finland, Germany, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Low German

744

germany

About 95 per cent of the items concern the stranding of ships on the shore of the Baltic Sea and the legal and nancial implications of these ships wrecking. •

• •

• •

•

• • •

• •

1–8: Papers generally dealing with: taxes and duties to be paid after the salvage of ships; requests for travel fares by sailors who were saved, or for support by ill coast guards; insurance policies, 1607–1867. 9–12: Papers concerning the right of wreck of the monastery at Ribnitz, a convent of sisters of St. Clare, 1493, 1505. 20–35: Papers regarding stranded ships from Rostock and the complaints of their skippers against the districts of Grevesmühlen, Bukow and Poel, Schwaan, Doberan and Ribnitz about goods being robbed or conscated when their ships were salvaged, 1482–1757. 37–42: Complaints about plundered ships and claims to wreck at Warnemünde by different parties, 1630–1803. 43–50: Papers pertaining to the right of wreck on Lieps and Poel and to conicts with Wismar regarding this right, 1561–1625; no. 50 includes a description of the borders of the harbour in Wismar in 1621. 51–83: Papers concerning: stranded ships from Wismar on Mecklenburg’s coast; the restitution of boats, cargoes and drowned persons; complaints of the district of Grevesmühlen against the military force used by Wismar, 1625–1825. 86–90: Papers concerning Lübeck’s freedom from salvage payments, 1506–1661. 91–96: Papers regarding the law of wreck on Priwall and conicts of the district of Grevesmühlen with Lübeck and Travemünde, 1643–1792. 97–153: Papers concerning: stranded ships from Lübeck on Mecklenburg’s coast; the restitution of boats and cargoes for compensation according to Lübeck’s privileges; intervention by Swedish soldiers from Wismar; conicts about the right of wreck, 1442–1840. 154: Papers regarding the salvage of Pomeranian cargoes, 1521. Vol. VI A, B–VIII: Papers pertaining to the right of wreck of the sovereign in the districts of Grevesmühlen, Redentin and Bützow, Doberan and Ribnitz, 1529–1802.

Accessibility Inventory (1963), nding aide code: 2.12–2/11.

main state archives schwerin

745

Record creator / provenance Record creators include the privy council, the government, the law court and the seignorial administrations; see the section on custodial history. If identied, the provenance is mentioned in the inventory. Custodial history This collection is part of the so-called “old archives”, which were arranged according to the principle of pertinence in the eighteenth century. The record creators are therefore various and include the privy council, the government, the law court and the seignorial administrations. There is no distinction between records created in Mecklenburg-Schwerin or Mecklenburg-Güstrow. This collection belongs to the section on internal affairs uniting all records concerning the princes’ rights to rule over their subjects. The principle of pertinence was continued till 1892 so that all records, like these on stranding, are arranged by subject until the establishment of a modern government in the mid-nineteenth century. When the collection “2.21–1 Ministry of State and Government (1748/56–1849)” was created from the 1960s onwards, some items were taken from the old collections to form part of this newly reconstructed provenance so that there are some gaps in this collection. The new reference number is usually given. Related materials •

Trade and shipping at sea and on Mecklenburg’s waterways (Handel und Schifffahrt zur See und auf mecklenburgischen Wasserstraßen, reference code 2.12–2/10)

Trade and Shipping at Sea and on Mecklenburg’s Waterways Record group Trade and Shipping at Sea and on Mecklenburg’s Waterways Handel und Schifffahrt zur See und auf mecklenburgischen Wasserstraßen (Acta commercium tam maritimorum quam in uminibus) Reference code : 2.12–2/10 Period : (1412) 1512–1851 Extent : 362 items, 3.2 metres

746

germany

Abstract The record group includes records on trade at sea and on Mecklenburg’s waterways, inland navigation, projects for its improvement, for example by building canals and locks, and oating wood downriver. The materials deal with shipping on the Elbe, Elde, Schaale and Warnow Rivers, the Elbe-Baltic Sea-canal and other waterways. The les are all arranged according to subject. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1519–1843 : Denmark, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, French, High German, Low German, Portuguese

About twenty per cent of the items concern various aspects of sea navigation. The bulk of these materials dates from the sixteenth century. Relevant items include the following: •

• •

• •

15–35, 69: Documents dealing with trade, mainly in grain and wood, including accounts of freights, wages, provisions and repair works as well as a description of a shipwreck, 1519–1819. 35–41: Documents concerning the right of wreck and ducal prerogatives in this regard (a duty was levied for the shipment of wood), 1644–1843. 42–44: Documents regarding staple rights (it was discussed whether Wismar had the right to enjoin merchants to present their goods in town after the waterway from the North Sea to the Baltic Sea via Lake Schwerin was nished; there were also rumours about an English staple being set up in the area of the Baltic Sea), 1619–1720. 45–68: Documents dealing with the purchase and building of ships, especially with the expenses, c. 1520–1732. 70–83: Papers containing complaints about acts of piracy committed both in the name of and against Mecklenburg’s princes, 1525–1805.

Accessibility Inventory (1985), nding aid code: 2.12–2/10, with short introduction (in German).

main state archives schwerin

747

Record creator / provenance There are various record creators, including the privy council, the government and the chancery; see also the section on custodial history. If identied, the provenance is mentioned in the inventory. Custodial history This collection forms part ot the so-called “old archives”, which were arranged according to the principle of pertinence in the eighteenth century. There are various record creators including the privy council, the government and the chancery. There is no distinction between records created in Mecklenburg-Schwerin and in Mecklenburg-Güstrow. This collection belongs to the section on internal affairs that unites all records concerning the princes’ rights to rule over their subjects. The principle of pertinence was continued until 1892 so that all records, like these on trade and shipping, were arranged by subject until the establishment of a modern government in the mid-nineteenth century. Visually attractive Some of the records concerning waterways contain maps and drawings by the cartographer Tilemann Stelle dating from the sixteenth century. Related materials •

Stranding and Right to Wreck (Strandung und Strandrecht (Acta naufragium), reference code: 2.12–2/11).

748

germany

LOWER SAXONY STATE ARCHIVES – STATE ARCHIVES OF STADE Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv – Staatsarchiv Stade Stade www.staatsarchiv-stade.niedersachsen.de

Bremen Archbishopric Governmental Archives (to 1648) Record group Bremen Archbishopric Governmental Archives (to 1648) Erzstift-bremisches Regierungsarchiv (bis 1648) Reference code : Rep. 5b Period : (1038) 1478–1651 Extent : 46 metres Abstract The record group comprises documents of all central institutions of the Archbishopric of Bremen. Besides domestic matters, the materials also contain papers on internal matters of the cathedral chapter and several monasteries. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1387–1642 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands : High German, Latin, Low German

Relevant papers are to be found in both the series on foreign affairs and on domestic affairs.

state archives of stade

749

I. FOREIGN AFFAIRS •

•

•

1: Papers concerning matters of the Reich, including les of the commission installed by Emperor Maximilian II for the search for pirates and buccaneers, as well as documents concerning the commissioning of an admiralty for the North and Baltic Seas in general, and in particular questions concerning the denunciation by the Duke of Alba, governor of the Netherlands, against the Counts Edzard and Johann of East-Friesland, for harbouring pirates, 1571–1574 (bundle 2, no. 26; 3 vols.). 3: Papers regarding war matters, including: * Files concerning the Netherlands, the pursuit of rebels by men-of-war, 1580 (bundle 11, no. 16). * Files concerning men-of-war on the Weser River and the Oldenburg toll (near Elseth), 1639 (bundle 15, no. 134). * Files concerning the disagreements between the States General of the United Netherlands and the King of Denmark on the Sound Toll, 1639–1641 (bundle 15, no. 137). 4: Negotiations and correspondence with foreign powers, including les on piracy and privateering, 1572–1614 (bundle 19, nos. 50, 63).

II. DOMESTIC AFFAIRS • • •

13: Papers concerning otsam and jetsam, 1551–1623 (bundle 87, nos. 28–38. 17: Papers concerning toll and excise, 1387–1642 (bundle 122, nos. 1a–29a; bundle 123, nos. 30–45). 22: Papers concerning territorial districts and dependencies, including: * 22 A (a): Town of Hamburg, including: Archbishop of Bremen and the toll at Stade, 1561–1564 (bundle 137, no. 11a); quarrels of citizens of Stade with the town of Hamburg over conscated goods and ships, 1564 (bundle 137, no. 12); lawsuit by the town of Hamburg against Stade, Buxtehude and Lüneburg over navigation on the Elbe River, 1573–1619 (bundle 137, no. 13a); quarrels between the senate of Hamburg and the Archbishop of Bremen over piracy, forcibly taken trade goods and privileges concerning shipping on the Elbe River, 1574–1637 (bundle 137, nos. 14, 16–17, 18a, 25, 35). * 22 B: Town of Bremen, including: les concerning the favouring of Bremen merchants in times of war by granting them free shipping and uninterrupted trade, 1574–1475 (bundle 141, no. 41); treaty of the town of Bremen with the United Netherlands, 1613 and 1616 (bundle 145, no. 96).

750

germany

* 22 C: Town of Stade, including: quarrels between the towns of Stade and Hamburg concerning the staple rights and free navigation on the Elbe River, 1565–1620 (bundle 149, nos. 10, 13; bundle 150, nos. 34, 36); les concerning the English merchant company in Stade and its expulsion, 1589 (bundle 149, no. 21). * 22 Y: Delmenhorst and Oldenburg, including: les concerning a harbour in Iceland ceded to the Count of Oldenburg by the King of Denmark and the shipyard there, 1585 (bundle 173, no. 10); quarrels between the Counts of Oldenburg and the Archbishops of Bremen over the toll on the Weser River (near Elseth), 1622–1641 (bundle 173, no. 21). Accessibility Inventory (in German), 2 vols. (1945); partly available at: www.aidaonline. niedersachsen.de. Custodial history The record group was created by Swedish archivists after 1651 by joining the archives of the Archbishop and the Chapter in Bremen cathedral with the administrative archives of the Archbishopric in Bremervörde. The materials were transferred from Stade to the State Archives in Hannover in two instalments in 1869–1870 and 1898. After the creation of the State Archives of Stade, they were returned. Publications •

•

Schleif, Karl H., Regierung und Verwaltung des Erzstiftes Bremen am Beginn der Neuzeit 1500–1645 (Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 1) (Hamburg, 1972). Weise, Erich, Geschichte des Niedersächsischen Staatsarchivs in Stade nebst Übersicht seiner Bestände (Veröffentlichungen der Niedersächsischen Archivverwaltung, 18) (Göttingen, 1964), pp. 69–104.

state archives of stade

751

Erskein File Collection (“Stade Reich Archives”) Record group Erskein File Collection (“Stade Reich Archives”) Erskeinsche Aktensammlung (“Stader Reichsarchiv”) Reference code : Rep. 32 Period : (1143) 1431–1655 Extent : 414 units, 8 metres Abstract The so-called “Stade Reich Archives” owe their existence to the (Scottish-) Swedish war commissioner Alexander Erskein (1598–1656). He pilfered many charters and les from local archives during the Thirty Years’ War, mainly in Eichsfeld, Pomerania and Prague, and united them into a collection on his Manor of Erskeinschwinge near Stade during his time as president of the Swedish administration there. The record group consists mainly of les of the Imperial chancelleries in Prague and Vienna, case les of several lawyers at the Reichskammergericht (Supreme Court of the Reich), les of the legations of the town of Bremen to the Imperial court and the current les of Erskein as Swedish war commissioner. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1431–1648 : Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Latin

Relevant documents are to be found in two sections: 01: Files of the Imperial chancelleries in Prague and Vienna, 1431–1648 •

•

71–80, 401–408: Privileges, safe-conducts and feu-charters, including: * 407: Petition by Count Enno of East-Friesland to the Emperor asking for conrmation of his rank and concerning the admiralty on the German (North) Sea, 1603 (4 leaves). 81–100, 412: Matters of toll and coinage, including: * 81: Papers regarding quarrels between the archbishop of Bremen and the town of Hamburg concerning the toll on the Elbe River at Stade and navigation on the Elbe, (1487) 1555–1595 (56 leaves).

752

•

germany

* 88: Imperial legation to the King of Denmark concerning the toll in the Sound, 1580 (14 leaves). 151–175, 416–449: Matters of the Estates of the Reich, including: * 173: Report on the enmity created between Hamburg and Stade following the acceptance of the Merchant Adventurers into Stade (in Latin), c. 1587 (5 leaves).

04.01: Town of Bremen, Lorraine and current les of Stralendorf, including: •

391, 392: Files concerning the toll on the Weser River.

Accessibility Inventory in: Heinz-Joachim Schulze and Marie-Luise Petzold, “Findbuch zum Bestand 32: Erskeinsche Aktensammlung (Stader Reichsarchiv) (1431–1655)” (Veröffentlichungen der Niedersächsischen Archivverwaltung; Inventare und kleinere Schriften des Staatsarchivs in Stade, 2) (Göttingen, 1982); also available online at: www.aidaonline.niedersachsen.de. Custodial history The archival collection set up by Alexander Erskein (1598–1656) was joined to the Swedish governmental archives in Stade after his death and transferred to the State Archives in Hannover in 1864. Between 1873 and 1881 large parts of the record group were handed over to other Prussian state archives. After the reinstallation of the State Archives in Stade in 1964 the remaining les were returned there. Publications •

•

Brulin, Hermann, “Erskeinska samlingen i Staatsarchiv i Hannover”, in: Meddelanden från svenska riksarkivet för år 1936 (1936?), pp. 86–109. Weise, Erich, Geschichte des Niedersächsischen Staatsarchivs in Stade nebst Übersicht seiner Bestände (Veröffentlichungen der Niedersächsischen Archivverwaltung, Vol. 18) (Göttingen, 1964), pp. 75 (note 9), 90, 247.

state archives of stade

753

Secret Council in Hannover Concerning the Duchies of Bremen and Verden (1715–1803) Record group Secret Council in Hannover Concerning the Duchies of Bremen and Verden (1715–1803) Geheime Räte in Hannover betreffend die Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden (1715–1803) Reference code : Rep. 31 Period : (1160) 1610–1823 Extent : 12.5 metres Abstract The record group comprises records of the Secret Council in Hannover, mainly on the administration of the duchies of Bremen and Verden, including les of the administration in Stade. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1723–1804 : Germany : High German

Relevant materials include the following items (with “Tit.” referring to Titel, more or less comparable to a series): • • • • •

Tit. 7n, nos. 1–5: Papers concerning captains of ships, 1757–1797. Tit. 12a, nos. 1–32 (in particular nos. 2, 11, 12, 14): Papers concerning matters of commerce, 1723–1804. Tit. 13b, nos. 1, 2: Papers concerning concessions for trade, 1743– 1802. Tit. 43, nos. 1a–5: Papers concerning tolls, primarily the toll on the Elbe River and quarrels with the town of Hamburg, 1733–1767. Tit. 44a, no. 5: Papers concerning commerce, including the granting of citizenship to foreign skippers by the Stade council, 1799.

Accessibility Inventory (in German) (1951).

754

germany

Ill. 7. Extract from the Brunshausen (northwest Germany) customs register, listing skippers from the Netherlands transporting snuff on the Elbe River, 1726. Lower Saxony State Archives – State Archives of Stade: “Secret Council in Hannover Concerning the Duchies of Bremen and Verden (1715–1803)” (reference code: Rep. 31), Tit. 43, no. 1a.

state archives of stade

755

Record creator / provenance From 1714, the Secret Council in Hannover functioned as an intermediate authority between the monarch in London and the district administration in Stade. Custodial history The registry of the Secret Council in Hannover concerning the administration of the duchies of Bremen and Verden was added to the Hannover archives and led among the Celle letter archives. In 1951 the materials were resorted and transferred to Stade after the creation of the State Archives there. Related materials •

Administration of the Elector of Hannover in Stade (1715–1803) (reference code: Rep. 40).

Publications •

Weise, Erich, Geschichte des Niedersächsischen Staatsarchivs in Stade nebst Übersicht seiner Bestände (Veröffentlichungen der Niedersächsischen Archivverwaltung, Vol. 18) (Göttingen, 1964), pp. 69–104.

Stade Files of the Brunswick-Lüneburg Occupation (1675–1680) Record group Stade Files of the Brunswick-Lüneburg Occupation (1675–1680) Stader Akten der braunschweig-lüneburgischen Besetzung (1675–1680) Reference code : Rep. 30 Period : (1561) 1654–1682 Extent : 3467 units, 16 metres Abstract This record group comprises the registry of the provisional BrunswickLüneburg administration. This was installed in Stade in 1675 following the occupation of part of the Duchy of Bremen by the Duchy of Brunswick-

756

germany

Lüneburg-Celle in the course of the Imperial Enforcement (Reichsexekution) against Sweden. The administration continued operating up to the cession of the territory in 1680. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1675–1680 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands : High German

Relevant papers include the following: •

• •

1619–1932: Papers concerning matters of toll and excise, including the general conduct of affairs, toll at Brunshausen, the toll-collecting ship Margaretha on the Elbe River, complaints and supplications, exemptions and offences in matters of toll and excise, and accounting, 1675–1800. 2831, 2833, 2839, 2843: Papers concerning the securing of navigation on the Elbe River, 1679. 3410: Papers concerning the toll on the Weser River (near Elseth), 1676–1678.

Accessibility Inventory in: Matthias Nistah, “Findbuch zum Bestand 30: Stader Akten der braunschweig-lüneburgischen Besetzung (1675–1680)” (Veröffentlichungen der Niedersächsischen Archivverwaltung; Inventare und kleinere Schriften des Staatsarchivs in Stade, Vol. 4) (Stade, 1991); also available online at: www.aidaonline.niedersachsen.de. Record creator / provenance The Provisional Brunswick-Lüneburg administration in Stade was installed in 1675 and dissolved in 1680. Custodial history After the evacuation of the Brunswick-Lüneburg forces from the Duchy of Bremen and the retrocession of the territory to Sweden, the bulk of the registry of the Brunswick-Lüneburg provisional administration remained in Stade. After the nal cession of the Duchies of Bremen and Verden to the Brunswick-Lüneburg state in 1715 the materials were relocated to Hannover and transferred to the archives there in 1757. After the creation of the State Archives of Stade they were returned there.

state archives of stade

757

Related materials •

Celle Files of the Brunswick-Lüneburg Occupation, 1675–1680 (reference code: Rep. 5).

Publications •

Nistahl, Matthias, “Die Reichsexekution gegen Schweden in BremenVerden”, in: Landschaft und regionale Identität. Beiträge zur Geschichte der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden und des Landes Hadeln (Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, Vol. 3) (Stade, 1989), pp. 97–123.

Supreme Court of the Reich (1500–1648) Record group Supreme Court of the Reich (1500–1648) Reichskammergericht (1500–1648) Reference code : Rep. 27 Period : (1180) 1522–1789 Extent : 30 metres Abstract This record group consists of the les of the Supreme Court of the Reich (Reichskammergericht), concerning the Archbishopric of Bremen and the Bishopric of Verden. Although it was no longer functioning as an appeals court for the Duchies of Bremen and Verden after 1648, the case les continue until well into the eighteenth century. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1353–1631 : Denmark, Germany, Russia, the Netherlands : High German, Latin, Low German

Relevant papers pertain to disputes between burgomasters and the senate of the town of Hamburg and neighbouring princes and towns over the staple rights on the Elbe River. They include extensive appendices, for example transcriptions of charters, (1353) 1554–1628 (item nos. H 744–773). There

758

germany

are also other papers regarding litigation in matters of trade and navigation, 1578–1631 (amongst others nos. B 2032, D 240, K 3018, S 901). Accessibility There are two, largely identical, nding aids: an inventory (1961), with addenda (2001); and Findbuch zum Bestand 27: Reichskammergericht (1500–1648) (Veröffentlichungen der Niedersächsischen Archivverwaltung; Inventare und kleinere Schriften des Staatsarchivs Stade, 1), ed. HeinzJoachim Schulze (Göttingen, 1981). Record creator / provenance The Supreme Court of the Reich (Reichskammergericht) was established in 1495 and dissolved in 1806. Custodial history After the Supreme Court of the Reich was dissolved in 1806, around the middle of the nineteenth century its various groups of les were distributed among the German states they related to. The papers falling within the competence of the State Archives of Stade, however, were not separated from the bulk of the material in the Hannover Archives and transferred to Stade until 1961.

Swedish Administrative Archives in Stade (1648–1712) Record group Swedish Administrative Archives in Stade (1648–1712) Schwedisches Regierungsarchiv in Stade (1648–1712) Reference code : Rep. 5a Period : 1645–1763 Extent : 162.5 metres Abstract The record group comprises les of the Swedish administration in Stade as well as other administrative departments (for example the council of justice, the consistory and local districts) under its supervision. As the administration was concerned with matters of the Reich, the districts and the local diet too, the collection also includes documents on foreign affairs

state archives of stade

759

and transactions with the Estates, besides les on crown property, forests, police, trade and commerce. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1263–1716 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands : French, High German, Latin, Swedish

The record group is arranged as follows: I. FOREIGN AFFAIRS •

•

•

•

•

•

I.3. Local districts, including: * I.3.A.: Matters of the Lower Saxony circle, including section b: papers concerning the Güstrow succession, 1682–1712 (bundles 26–33). I.4. Peace of Münster-Westphalia and its implementation, including papers regarding the disagreement between Sweden and Brandenburg on Pomerania, 1646 (bundle 39, no. 1c). I.6. Pomerania, including papers concerning the toll at Warnemünde, 1682 (bundle 41, no. 28), and les regarding the mail boat between Stralsund and Ystad and the transport of letters from Stade to Riga and Tallinn, 1695 (bundle 41, no. 34). I.7.: Oldenburg and Delmenhorst, including: * I.7.b. Papers concerning the Oldenburg toll on the Weser River near Elseth, 1623–1711 (bundle 43, nos. 24–38). I.8. Correspondence with envoys, resident agents and other royal Swedish emissaries, including: * Correspondence of the Swedish resident agent Appelboom from The Hague, 1652–1674 (bundle 44, nos. 5, 6; bundle 45, no. 28). * Other correspondence of Swedish envoys from The Hague and Amsterdam, 1660–1674 (bundle 46, no. 33; bundle 47, no. 45). * Correspondence with the Swedish resident agent and envoy in Copenhagen, 1662, 1675 (bundle 46, no. 34, bundle 47, no. 57). * Correspondence with the resident agent in Hamburg, 1656–1674, 1703 (bundle 45, no. 23; bundle 46, nos. 35, 43, 44; bundle 47, nos. 47, 53, 68). I.9. Correspondence with foreign powers, that is to say electors, princes, counts and their councillors and retinue (bundle 48, nos. 1–5a), in particular with Brunswick-Lüneburg (bundle 50, nos. 2–4; bundle 51, nos. 12, 13).

760 •

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I.10. Correspondence with several towns, including Lübeck and Hamburg, 1655–1659 (bundle 52, no. 3).

II. DOMESTIC AND LOCAL AFFAIRS II.B. Local affairs in particular •

•

• • •

II.B.1. Royal correspondence, as well as correspondence to the King, including: * Royal missives to governor-general Gustaf Horn concerning trade and shipping, 1660–1665 (bundle 73, no. 13a). * II.B.1a. Correspondence of the governors-general, with indexes, 1651–1711 (bundles 76, 76a). II.B.14a. Toll and excises, including: * II.B.14a.A. Papers concerning general concerns, for example supplications, complaints and registers, 1650–1715 (bundles 170–177). * II.B.14a.B. Papers concerning particular concerns, for example the toll on the Elbe River at Brunshausen, (1267) 1655–1716 (bundle 178, nos. 1–24). * II.B.14a.C. Papers regarding particular concerns: the toll on the Weser River, 1650–1709 (bundle 179, nos. 1–17). II.B.19. Papers concerning matters of the admiralty and sea letters, 1653–1711 (bundles 227–230). II.B.28. Papers concerning otsam and jetsam (bundle 227, nos. 1–44). II.B.32. Individual parts of the region, including: * II.B.32.A. Towns, including section 2a: papers concerning Bremen, within some les on trade and shipping (bundles 294–303); and section 3: papers concerning Stade (bundles 327–332), with regard to toll, 1652–1707 (bundle 327, nos. 7a–d), and the proposal of Dutch merchants to settle down in Stade and run their shipping and trade from there during their current war with England and France, 1672 (bundle 329, no. 84).

Accessibility Inventory (in German), 2 Vols. (1945) and supplement. Record creator / provenance The Swedish administration in Stade was installed (albeit at rst only provisionally) in 1645 following the military occupation of the ecclesiastical territories of Bremen and Verden. It ended when the Danes occupied the two duchies in 1712.

state archives of stade

761

Custodial history The record group comprises the bulk of the Stade administrative records before 1869. After 1869, the materials were transferred in two instalments to the State Archives in Hannover, to be returned to their original region after the creation of the State Archives of Stade. Publications •

•

•

Fiedler, Beate-Christine, Die Verwaltung der Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden in der Schwedenzeit 1652–1712 (Veröffentlichungen aus dem Stadtarchiv Stade, 7) (Stade, 1987). Tiedemann, Claus, Die Schiffahrt des Herzogtums Bremen zur Schwedenzeit 1645–1712 (Einzelschriften des Stader Geschichts- und Heimatvereins e. V., 22) (Stade, 1970). Weise, Erich, Geschichte des Niedersächsischen Staatsarchivs in Stade nebst Übersicht seiner Bestände (Veröffentlichungen der Niedersächsischen Archivverwaltung, 18) (Göttingen, 1964), pp. 69–104.

Toll Court for the Elbe River at Stade Record group Toll Court for the Elbe River at Stade Elbzollgericht zu Stade Reference code : Rep. 71b Period : (1508) 1719–1817 Extent : 11 units, 0.2 metres Abstract The record group contains les on the organisation of the toll on the Elbe River, i.e. the toll court at Stade and the punishment of toll offences. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1711–1748 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden, various countries : High German

Particularly relevant are nos. 8–11, dealing with Elbe tolls and toll offences, and dating from the years 1711–1748.

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Accessibility Inventory (in German), (2001); available at: www.aidaonline.niedersachsen. de. Record creator / provenance After a so-called “licent court” had been in existence during the period of Swedish rule in the region, in 1719 the Hannoverian administration for the rst time submitted toll matters to the control of the Chamber (Kammer) in Hannover. During the eighteenth century, this Chamber combined the functions of a ministry of nance (apart from the collection of taxes, which was dealt with by the ministers) with the administration of domains and other income-generating possessions of the princes. These included tolls, lotteries, mines and forests, as well as shing rights and sheepfolds on the Lüneburger Heide. The Chamber would collect these revenues and distribute them to the departments of government. It was responsible for the administration of public debt as well. Much of its work was also concerned with the administration of real estate and even appointments of millers, toll collectors, etc. In 1733, a special court for the administration of toll offences was installed in Stade, which in 1743 was called the “Toll Court for the Elbe River” for the rst time. This court existed until the Hannoverian juridical and administrative reforms of 1852, while the toll on the Elbe River was discontinued in 1863. Custodial history Only a very small part of the les of the toll court for the Elbe River has been preserved. In the late nineteenth century, the les were transferred from the Stade Landgericht (district court) to the State Archives in Hannover, where they were joined with the les of other institutions (chancery and supreme court, solicitors of the chamber and district advocates) to form the record group referred to as “Hann. 71 Stade”. After the reinstallation of the State Archives in Stade in 1964, the les were returned there and separated from the les of the other institutions. Publications •

Weise, Erich, Geschichte des Niedersächsischen Staatsarchivs in Stade nebst Übersicht seiner Bestände (Veröffentlichungen der Niedersächsischen Archivverwaltung, 18) (Göttingen, 1964), pp. 252 ff.

Ill. 8. Detail of a map of the Elbe River between Hamburg and the sea, with a Dutch remonstration against Hamburg concerning free shipping on the river, 1622. Lower Saxony State Archives – State Archives of Stade: “Maps Collection”, “neu” no. 10101.

state archives of stade 763

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MUNICIPAL ARCHIVES STRALSUND Stadtarchiv Stralsund Stralsund www.stralsund.de/stadtarchiv

Court of the Town of Stralsund Record group Courts of the Town of Stralsund Gerichtswesen der Stadt Stralsund Reference code : Rep. 3 Period : 1310–mid 19th century Extent : 7818 units Abstract These materials concern the administration of justice in Stralsund but also pertain to other topics. With regard to economic history, the papers deal with Hanseatic trade in its entirety and the practice of merchants in cases of conicts in particular. The materials chiey originate from the Chamber Court. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1553–1846 : Denmark, Germany, Latvia, Sweden, the Netherlands : High German, Swedish

Most relevant is section 3.4, which concerns sea law and trade. File 393 AE covers a wide range of relevant topics from the period 1553–1846. Accessibility Inventory (in German) (1974).

municipal archives stralsund

765

Custodial history The court les have been sorted and described in the course of several years. The bulk of the record group, assembled after 1952 from several holdings, was initially completely unsorted. It was decided to describe the materials along the lines of the Baer principle (indexing of les on le cards with current numeration), after which the sorting of the rather complex material was begun. This posed more than just the usual problems, as even from the existing shelf marks no systematic order could be reconstructed and consequently the record group had to be reorganised from the top down. The resulting systematic order also serves as an index to the record group.

Dressmakers’ Guild of Stralsund Record group Dressmakers’ Guild of Stralsund Stralsunder Gewandschneiderkompanie Reference code : Rep. 4 Period : 1281–1976 Extent : 1097 units Abstract The materials reect the activities of the dressmakers’ guild, and concern, for instance, trade, the evaluation of commodities, and markets and fairs. The papers do not really deal with the long-distance Hanseatic trade but rather pertain to the economic depression within the town during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1281–1976 : Germany, Russia, Sweden, various countries : High German, Low German

Most relevant is section 11, regarding trade and industry. The guild’s interactions with the town authorities, the church and other urban institutions are documented in great detail. Besides that, the materials concern relations with the feudal overlord and his growing importance and interference in town affairs during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Included are

766

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correspondence with Reich institutions, such as the Supreme Court of the Reich (Reichskammergericht), and deeds by German emperors. Furthermore, the papers pertain to links with the Swedish Crown and the government of Russia. The materials shed light on the connections of Stralsund with other towns, particularly those in the territory of former Pomerania, and also on the relations between the town and the countryside. Papers regarding the landed property of the guild cover matters of agriculture and farming out, even with regard to individual tenants. Furthermore, the materials concern nancial affairs of the guild in general and the administration and application of endowment money in particular. Accessibility Inventory (in German) (1981). Custodial history Most of the les were handed over to the Municipal Archives as a deposit in 1928.

Harbour and Sea Trade of the Town of Stralsund Record group Harbour and Sea Trade of the Town of Stralsund Hafen und Seeverkehr der Stadt Stralsund Reference code : Rep. 15 Period : 15th century–1948 Extent : 605 units Abstract The intent of this record group, or rather its inventory, was to bring together all the les concerning the harbour and sea trade amongst the indexed materials in the Municipal Archives of Stralsund in one volume. To this end, 590 newly catalogued les were cross-referenced with 504 existing ones. Thus the present inventory got the character of an overall index. This deviation from the principle of provenance seemed justied because of to the special value of this source material.

municipal archives stralsund

767

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1450–1800 : Germany, Sweden : High German, Low German, Swedish

Relevant series mentioned in the inventory include: • • • • • • •

The law courts of the town of Stralsund (reference code: Rep. 3). The Stralsund Dressmakers’ Guild (reference code: Rep. 4). The Stralsund Merchants’ Association (reference code: Rep. 5). Stralsund in the Provincial Diet (reference code: Rep. 13). Municipal Works (reference code: Rep. 17). Stralsund Schools (reference code: Rep. 23). Inspection of the Chamber and Public Works (reference code: Rep. 24).

Accessibility Inventory (in German) (1980). Custodial history Most les in this record group were acquired after 1948 in a completely unsorted state. A small part, which had been catalogued earlier in the old record groups 1 and 2, had to be newly described after their dissolution too. As no original order of registration was discernable, the les were sorted anew. This systematic order is represented in the table of contents of the inventory.

Stralsund Merchants’ Association Record group Stralsund Merchants’ Association Stralsunder Kaufmannsdeputation Reference code : Rep. 5 Period : 1588–1945 Extent : 533 units

768

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Abstract This record group comprises the administration of the Stralsund Merchants’ Association. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1588–1800 : Germany, Sweden : High German, Low German

These materials concern the numerous aspects of Stralsund’s trade. The stagnation in the eighteenth century and new developments in the nineteenth century are reected in the documents, as are specic characteristics of the grain trade. This record group especially covers the scope of trading activities, as the town’s relations to foreign powers were closely linked to the trading interests of the Stralsund merchants. The establishment of consulates and their activities is also well-documented. Accessibility Inventory (in German) (1976). Custodial history The les of the Merchants’ Association were transferred to the Stralsund Municipal Archives during the 1930s. The les had been kept by members of the Association since its institution and led by a secretary (Aktuarius) in accordance with the principle of pertinence, which can be deduced from several inventories. This principle also expressed itself in the sequence of les. During the recent inventory, the headings have been reformulated as nouns and the language has been adapted to modern usage. Foreign and antiquated terms have been explained.

archives of the hanseatic town of wismar

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ARCHIVES OF THE HANSEATIC TOWN OF WISMAR Archiv der Hansestadt Wismar Wismar www.wismar.de

Council Records Concerning Trade and Shipping Record group Council Records Concerning Trade and Shipping Ratsakten, Handel und Schifffahrt Reference code : RA, Ab. III, Rep. 1, Tit. X Period : 1376–1950 Extent : 148 items, c. 5 metres Abstract These are the records of the municipal administration dealing with trade and shipping. The les are all structured according to subject. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1514–1950 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : High German, Low German

The records include the following relevant materials: • • •

General matters, 1534–1936 (15 items). Records concerning merchants, brewers, distillers, maltsters and shopkeepers, 1584–1941 (17 items). Records concerning mariners, shipping, shipbuilding, beacons, sea trade, ship’s passports, boat crews and relations with other countries, 1514–1950 (51 items).

770 • •

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Records concerning shores and ports, ship levees, embankments and dikes, 1596–1950 (28 items). Records concerning the Hanseatic league, 1376–1770 (37 items).

Accessibility Inventory (in German) (revised 2006); with indexes on places, persons and subjects referring to the Hanseatic League (1921–1922). A register on the mariners from Wismar and on places Wismar traded with between 1569 and 1675 was compiled in 1923. A number of records is badly damaged; access to these materials is restricted. Custodial history The original order was changed by the archivist Friedrich Techen, who favoured an arrangement according to the principle of pertinence. For that reason, the record group includes for instance Hanseatica, such as agreements of the Hanseatic League. Because of evacuations during World War II, part of the records has been damaged or destroyed. Related materials Records with the reference code “RA, Abt. V, Rep. 3 A” include account books and journals, for instance account books on goods transported by water. Publications •

•

Jahnke, Carsten, Das Silber des Meeres: Fang und Vertrieb von Ostseehering zwischen Norwegen und Italien (12 bis 16. Jahrhundert) (Cologne, 2000). Olechnowitz, Karl-Friedrich, Handel und Seeschiffahrt der späten Hanse (Weimar, 1965).

INDEX This index covers all sections of the descriptions (including, for instance, publications) in Volume I. It only contains geographical terms. Note that the entries may vary in the three volumes. For personal names, commodities, institutions, languages, ship names and any other possible keywords, one is referred to the website, www.balticconnections.net (under “Archival Guide”), where all descriptions can be digitally searched. Aa Manor, 87–88 Aalborg, 587, 595, 597. See also Ålborg Ääsmäe Manor, 88–89 Åbo. See Turku Acre, 438, 441 Alandia, Sea of, 306 Alatskivi, 198 Ålborg, 647, 684. See also Aalborg Allatzkiwi. See Alatskivi Altona, 12, 19, 69, 490, 491, 512 America, 12, 39, 259, 386, 471, 693 Amsterdam, 4, 6, 8, 11, 12, 14–15, 18–21, 23, 28–29, 39, 76, 78, 107–108, 171, 204, 211, 213, 223, 227, 231, 236, 240–241, 244, 246, 250, 309, 323, 351, 364, 386, 404, 406, 447, 486, 493–494, 522, 524, 533–534, 551, 553–554, 567, 569, 582, 588, 601, 652, 655, 667, 695, 704, 707, 759 Anklam, 472–474, 522, 547, 562, 567, 569, 588, 596–597, 625, 633, 718 Antwerp, 4, 6, 23, 125, 405, 487, 493, 498, 533, 547, 549–550, 553–554, 567, 601–603, 651–652, 660 Apenrade, 739 Archangel, 12, 122, 233, 476–477, 538 Arensburg. See Kuresaare Århus, 567 Arnhem, 533 Ass, 256 Auerstedt, 454 Aurich, 393–395, 399, 402–403, 405–407, 409–411, 452 Austria, 39, 468 Avanduse, 102, 226 Awandus. See Avanduse

Baltischport. See Paldiski Barcelona, 351 Barösund, 296, 304 Belarus, 236 Belgium, 244, 311, 532, 652 Belt, Great and/or Little, 67, 77–80, 194, 209, 306 Bengal, 397, 402 Bentwisch, 623 Bergen, 2–3, 51, 447, 449, 461, 477, 513–514, 522, 524, 545, 550–554, 556, 566–572, 579, 581, 588, 595–598, 601–603, 613, 655, 660, 667, 684, 713–714, 727, 729, 733 Berlin, 147, 204, 215, 222, 250, 396, 398, 409, 412–413, 416, 418, 422, 424, 426–427, 430–437, 440–441, 443, 446, 504, 572, 615 Bernburg, 514, 516, 518, 520, 523, 525, 527, 529, 531, 533, 535, 537, 539, 541, 543, 545, 548, 557, 559, 561, 563, 565, 572, 574, 576, 580, 582, 584, 586, 589, 591, 594, 599, 603, 605, 608, 611, 613, 616, 619, 622, 624–625, 627, 630, 632, 635–636, 639, 642–643, 646, 648, 650, 652, 654, 656, 659, 661, 663, 665, 668, 670, 672, 674, 677, 679, 681, 683–684, 686, 688, 691, 693, 695, 698, 701, 703, 709, 711, 715, 720, 723 Björneborg. See Pori Boizenburg, 588, 669 Bordeaux, 127, 364 Borgå. See Porvoo Borkum, 402, 408 Bornholm, 41, 520, 551, 598, 702, 717

772

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Bothnia, Gulf of, 306, 310, 312, 383–384 Bovines, 533 Brahestad. See Raahe Brandenburg, 47, 49–50, 395, 404–405, 412–413, 429–436, 451, 453, 465, 468, 498, 500, 515, 551, 554, 562, 574, 585, 607, 613, 759 Brandenburg-Anspach, 50 Brandenburg-Bayreuth, 50 Brandenburg-Culmbach, 50 Brandenburg-Prussia, 49 Braunsberg, 615 Braunschweig, 50. See also Brunswick Bremen, 2, 6, 50–51, 69, 351–352, 407, 446–450, 491, 493, 567, 569, 585, 643, 725, 748–753, 755–757, 760–761 Bremervörde, 750 Breslau, 554 Brielle, 568 Brömbsen, 637 Brömsebro, 222, 651 Bruges, 2–5, 125, 473, 528, 533, 545, 551, 558, 601–603, 613, 651, 714, 734 Brunshausen, 506, 756, 760 Brunswick, 399, 405, 486–487, 498–501, 503, 505–506, 727, 755–757, 759. See also Braunschweig Bukow, 744 Bullenhausen, 505 Burgundy, 57, 517 Busö, 304 Bützow, 744 Buxtehude, 52, 749 Calenberg, 499, 501, 503, 506 Canton, 408 Celle, 411, 497–502, 505–506, 755–757 China, 19, 408 Cirksena, 404, 406 Cismar, 739 Cologne, 2, 4, 22–23, 91, 131–132, 192, 228, 251, 396, 413, 416, 418–419, 429, 431, 433, 435, 437, 439, 445, 476, 494, 514, 548, 555, 576, 600, 603, 770 Copenhagen, 12–13, 15, 19, 22, 25–27, 29–36, 41–43, 45, 49, 58,

60–65, 70, 74–75, 80, 82, 108, 170, 243, 250, 316, 402, 473, 487, 491, 493, 510, 526, 540–541, 550–553, 564, 567–571, 582, 588–589, 610, 625–626, 640, 647, 651, 652, 667, 688, 690, 705–706, 708, 713, 718–719, 739–742, 759 Courland, 69, 134, 137, 158–159, 184, 226–227, 251, 414, 417, 420, 451, 476, 498, 551, 574, 588–589, 592–593, 609–610, 643, 714. See also Kurland Cracow. See Krakow Cronstadt, 250. See also Kronstadt Cuxhaven, 480, 487, 494 Czelwieck, 498 Dagö. See Hiiumaa Dahlem, 417, 430, 432, 434, 436, 441 Dahme, 656 Damme, 460 Danzig. See Gdansk Daugava River, 159 Degerby, 266, 270, 272, 305 Delft, 533 Delmenhorst, 48, 750, 759 Demmin, 473, 534, 725 Denmark, 1, 5–6, 8–10, 12–15, 17–21, 25–84, 100, 103, 105, 108, 116, 125–126, 129, 133–134, 143, 146, 149, 157, 163, 168, 172, 175, 178, 186, 191, 194, 200, 209, 214, 222, 232, 236, 241, 243–244, 246–247, 249, 256, 260, 265, 267, 269, 271, 274, 276, 279–280, 284, 287–288, 290, 292, 295, 298, 300, 306, 310, 312, 317, 320, 324–325, 328–329, 331, 333, 336, 338, 340, 342, 345, 348, 351, 355, 359, 361, 364–365, 368, 370, 372, 375, 377–378, 381, 383, 385–387, 393, 398–400, 402, 404–406, 408, 412, 414, 416–417, 420, 428–429, 431–432, 436, 438, 441, 443, 447, 449–451, 453, 455–458, 461, 465, 467, 472–474, 476–477, 479, 484, 486–487, 490–493, 498–500, 510, 512, 517, 519, 526, 530, 532, 540, 542–546, 549–554, 556, 558, 562, 564, 566–570, 572–574, 577–578, 581, 583, 587–591, 594–601, 603–607, 609–610, 613, 617–618, 620–621,

index 624, 626, 628–629, 632–635, 637–638, 640–641, 644–645, 647, 651–652, 655–656, 658–659, 662–663, 666, 668–669, 671, 673–676, 678, 680, 683–684, 687–690, 692, 694–697, 699–700, 702, 704, 706–708, 710, 713–714, 716, 725–727, 730–731, 733–734, 736–737, 739–743, 746, 748–752, 756–757, 759–761, 764, 769 Deventer, 2, 4, 125, 522, 533, 556, 562, 567, 569, 571, 595, 597, 718 Dithmarschen, 610, 710 Doberan, 744 Dömitz, 504 Dordrecht, 533 Dorpat. See Tartu Dresden, 311 Düna River. See Daugava River East-Friesland, 394–396, 398–400, 402–411, 452, 454, 725, 749, 751 East-Frisia. See East-Friesland Eckhorst, 638 Eichsfeld, 751 Eikla Manor, 217 Ekenäs. See Tammisaari Elbe River, 2, 6, 13, 21, 47, 54, 480, 494–495, 505, 711, 746, 749–751, 753, 756–757, 760–762 Elbing. See Elblag Elblag, 3, 420, 540, 601, 613, 615, 623 Elde River, 746 Elseth, 51, 447, 749–750, 756, 759 Elsinore. See Helsingør Emden, 395–397, 399–400, 402, 405–406, 408, 410, 450–454, 467, 473, 486–487, 491 Emmast. See Emmaste Emmaste, 261 Ems River, 398, 408, 409 England, 2–6, 8, 10–12, 14–16, 18–21, 28, 37, 39, 41, 44–45, 47, 56, 58, 60, 64, 69, 77, 83, 99, 107, 122, 127, 141, 191, 194–195, 230, 232–233, 241, 243–250, 256, 306, 309–310, 312, 322–323, 352, 364, 386, 395, 405, 441–442, 447, 449, 458, 465, 467–468, 473, 476–477, 479, 503, 521, 528, 553, 560, 564, 566–568, 573, 581, 583, 585, 597,

773

600–602, 613, 629, 652, 676, 695, 714, 746, 750, 760 Enkhuizen, 6, 568 Enschede, 533 Ermeland, 414, 420–421 Erskeinschwinge, 751 Esens, 410 Essemäggi. See Ääsmäe Manor Esslingen, 554 Estland, 88, 92, 95–96, 103, 133–134, 137, 139, 142–144, 146–152, 154, 161, 167, 199, 221, 225–228, 232, 234–235, 238, 253, 257–260, 262. See also Estonia Estonia, 20, 47, 67, 87–262, 265, 267, 269, 271, 274, 276, 279–280, 284, 287–290, 292, 295, 298, 300, 302–304, 306, 310, 312, 315, 317, 320, 322, 324, 328–329, 331, 333, 336, 338, 340, 342, 345, 348, 351, 355, 359, 361, 364–365, 368, 370, 372, 375, 377–378, 381, 383, 385, 387, 414, 416, 420, 428–429, 436, 438, 441, 443, 450, 477, 490, 498, 508, 512–513, 519, 521, 527–528, 530, 536, 538, 542, 549, 558, 562, 566, 573, 577, 583, 594, 600, 609, 612, 617, 623, 626, 628, 640, 642, 648, 651, 655, 663, 685, 704, 716, 725–726, 733, 736, 769. See also Estland Euküll. See Eikla Manor Eutin, 589, 669 Eylau, 421 Falkenau. See Kärkna Falkenbeka, 638 Falsterbo, 540, 587 Fehmarn, 595, 680, 739, 740 Felks. See Velise Fellin. See Viljandi Femern, 52 Finland, 1, 3, 9, 11, 14, 16–17, 20, 47, 67, 89, 100–101, 103, 110, 113, 116, 134, 141, 143, 145, 157, 163, 168, 172, 175, 186, 188, 191, 194, 200, 206, 209, 219–221, 232, 236, 240–241, 244, 246, 254, 256, 265–389, 414, 416, 420, 428–429, 436, 438, 441, 457, 477, 490, 566, 568, 571, 583, 587–588, 600, 617, 655–656, 704, 743, 769

774

index

Finland, Gulf of, 256, 306, 310, 312 Flanders, 3, 460, 494, 522, 571, 588, 601, 603, 609–610, 729 Flensburg, 454–458, 491, 526, 554, 567–568, 595, 641, 649, 655, 705, 707–708, 719, 740–741 France, 4–5, 7, 11, 15, 18–19, 39, 44, 56, 69, 90, 107, 116, 122, 168–170, 228, 245, 249, 260, 306, 310–312, 386, 414, 416, 420, 438, 441, 447, 457, 467, 471–473, 476, 482, 484, 495, 499, 571, 574, 601, 618, 629, 664, 673, 678, 714, 730, 739, 742, 746, 759–760 Frankfurt, 179, 222, 487, 554 Fredericia, 79, 80 Fredrikshamn. See Hamina Friedland, 615 Friedrichshamn. See Hamina Friesland, 19, 399, 403, 406, 407, 410, 491, 517, 523–524 Frisia. See Friesland Gadebusch, 530 Gamlakarleby. See Kokkola Gdansk, 2, 21, 28–29, 52, 69, 211, 243, 315, 362, 400, 405–406, 408, 410, 420, 451, 476, 486–487, 491, 514, 517, 522, 526, 530, 534, 536, 540, 545, 550–554, 556, 558, 562, 567–569, 587–588, 595–596, 601–603, 609–610, 613, 615, 618, 621, 623, 625–626, 634, 641, 644, 649, 652, 655–656, 667, 669, 671, 678, 700, 704–705, 707–708, 714–715, 717–719, 725 Gent, 533 Germany, 1–2, 13, 17–19, 44–45, 47–48, 65, 67, 94, 96, 100, 103, 105, 107–108, 112–116, 130, 133–134, 143, 145, 151, 157, 163, 166, 168, 170, 172, 175, 186, 188, 191, 194, 200, 203, 206, 209, 218, 220, 223, 228, 230, 232, 236, 240–241, 243–244, 246–247, 249, 252, 256–258, 265, 267, 269, 271, 274, 276, 279–280, 284, 287–288, 290, 292, 295, 298, 300, 306, 310, 312, 315–317, 320, 322, 324, 328–329, 331, 333, 336, 338, 340, 342, 345, 348, 351, 353, 355,

359, 361, 364–365, 368, 370, 372, 375, 377–378, 381–383, 385–387, 393–770 Ghent. See Gent Glückstadt, 13, 40, 493, 595 Goes, 56, 533 Goslar, 442 Gothenburg, 351 Gotland, 519, 553, 558, 595, 598, 609, 653, 702 Göttingen, 131–132, 394, 403, 409, 411, 415, 417, 422, 428–429, 440–442, 446, 502, 512, 750, 752, 755, 758, 761–762 Gottorf, 493, 738–739, 742 Gottorp, 48, 605 Grabow, 530–531 Grasleben, 417, 441 Great Belt. See Belt, Great and/or Little Greenland, 70, 457, 476, 491, 660 Greetsiel, 397 Greifswald, 2, 316, 458–464, 471, 522, 534, 547, 551, 562, 567, 569, 588, 596, 620, 623, 633, 641, 649, 684, 718–719, 725 Grevesmühlen, 530, 744 Groningen, 1, 75, 567 Grossenhof. See Suuremõisa Guelders, 406, 410 Güstrow, 719, 745, 747, 759 Gützkow, 473 Haakhof. See Aa Manor Haapsalu, 93, 100, 109, 136–137, 143, 144–145, 164–168, 252 Haarlem, 323, 533 Habaja, 219 Habbat. See Habaja Habsburg, 57 Hadersleben, 740–741 Hamburg, 2, 5–6, 9, 11, 18–19, 21, 52–53, 69, 112, 149, 236, 241, 243–244, 250, 323, 351, 460, 467, 475–479, 481–482, 484–488, 490–491, 494–497, 505, 508, 567, 569, 571, 588, 602, 604, 621, 643, 662, 664, 669, 694–695, 717, 725, 737, 749–753, 757, 759–760 Häme, 303–304 Hamina, 89, 293, 298, 312–313, 320–322

index Hangöudd. See Hankoniemi Hankoniemi, 268, 296, 310 Hannover, 50, 397, 407, 411, 497–499, 501–504, 506, 643, 676, 750, 752–753, 755–756, 758, 761–762 Hapsal. See Haapsalu Harburg, 488, 493, 499 Harjumaa, 89, 146, 150–151 Harlingerland, 406, 410 Harrien. See Harjumaa Hasle, 598 Heligoland, 481 Helmsdorf, 171 Helsingborg, 718 Helsingfors. See Helsinki Helsingør, 40, 42, 67, 71, 73, 75–77, 79, 351, 408, 534, 574, 718 Helsinki, 16, 22, 170, 265–268, 270–271, 273, 275–276, 278–292, 294–298, 300–307, 309–313, 316, 318–319, 322–326, 328–332, 334–335, 337, 340–342, 344, 346–348, 350, 352, 354, 357–358, 360, 363, 367, 369, 372, 374, 376, 380, 382, 385, 387, 389 ’s-Hertogenbosch, 533 Hiiumaa, 90, 120, 136, 142, 149, 184, 234, 250, 252–253, 260–261 Hitzacker, 505 Hohenholm. See Kõrgessaare Holland. See Netherlands Holstein, 47, 61, 69, 229, 245, 250, 399, 405, 417, 451, 453, 455–456, 490–491, 499, 525–526, 562, 578, 588–589, 596, 603, 605, 609, 621–623, 629, 634, 637, 640, 644–645, 649, 658, 662, 664, 669, 676, 690, 695, 710, 714, 723, 725, 738–742 Holy See, 438, 440 Hoorn, 6, 533 Hoya, 505 Hull, 107 Iceland, 70, 457, 491, 597, 750 Illuste, 219 India, 33, 467 Ingå. See Inkoo Ingria, 154–156, 161, 238 Inkoo, 304 Irboska, 243

775

Italy, 108, 306, 310, 351, 476 Ivangorod, 155 Izborsk. See Irboska Jädivere, 219, 258 Jakobstad. See Pietersaari Järlepa, 256 Järvamaa, 146, 153–154, 227 Jeddefer. See Jädivere Jelgava, 133, 593 Jena, 454 Jensel. See Kuremaa Jerlep. See Järlepa Jerwen. See Järvamaa Jönköping, 299 Juist, 394, 402, 406 Jülich, 505 Jutland, 13, 80, 664 Kaagvere, 198 Kaarina, 353–354 Käkisalmi, 154, 238, 293. See also Kexholm Kaliningrad, 3, 397, 428, 550–551, 553–554, 556, 562, 567, 588, 615, 617, 625, 643, 704–705, 707, 714, 718–719. See also Königsberg Kalmar, 8, 13, 540, 551 Kampen, 2, 4, 533, 552, 567, 569 Kärkna, 88 Karlskrona, 126 Käru, 219 Kaskinen, 376–377 Kaskö. See Kaskinen Kassel, 498 Kastna Manor, 168, 171 Kattegat, 1, 13, 468 Kavastu, 102, 226 Kawast. See Kavastu Kawershof. See Kaagvere Keltti, 266 Kerro. See Käru Kexholm, 154, 238. See also Käkisalmi Kiel, 41, 507–511, 513, 524, 526, 528, 547, 554, 568, 589, 592, 595, 598, 607, 618, 625, 633, 640, 644–645, 651–652, 656, 690, 706–708, 718–719, 739–742 Kiltsi, 256 Klaipeda, 246, 397, 408, 551, 615, 643. See also Memel

776

index

Kokenhof. See Kokmuiža Kokkola, 298, 300–301, 330, 337, 378–379, 386 Kokmuiža, 249 Kolberg. See Kolobrzeg Köln. See Cologne Kolobrzeg, 49, 69, 465–468, 534, 569, 571, 597–598, 717, 719 Königsberg, 3, 11, 16, 76, 362, 397, 413, 415–418, 420–422, 425, 428, 437–444, 446, 476–477, 550–551, 553–554, 556, 562, 567, 588, 613, 615, 623, 643, 704–705, 707–708. See also Kaliningrad Konitz, 615 Kõrgessaare, 253 Korsoer, 80 Kõrvetaguse Manor, 88 Körwentack. See Kõrvetaguse Kotka, 266 Krakow, 3, 545 Kristianopel, 75 Kristiina, 298, 300–301 Kristiinankaupunki, 377, 380–382 Kristinestad. See Kristiina Kronborg, 42, 71–72 Kronstadt, 310 Kunda, 243 Kuremaa, 219 Kuressaare, 135–136, 137, 144, 160, 171–176, 178–179, 184, 201, 217, 220–223, 293 Kurland, 55, 134, 137–138, 158, 227, 251. See also Courland Küstrin, 421 Lääne, 146, 151 Läänemaa, 109, 151, 152. See also Wiek Ladoga, Lake, 155, 199 Landskrona, 541, 734 Langelund, 402 Larvig, 41 Latgale, 137 Latvia, 47, 55, 67, 92, 96, 100, 105, 112–113, 116, 124, 133–134, 137–138, 143, 157, 161–163, 166, 168, 172, 175, 182–183, 186, 191, 194, 200, 203, 206, 209, 218–220, 228, 232, 235–236, 238–239, 241, 244, 246, 249, 256, 260–261, 265,

267, 269, 271, 274, 276, 279–280, 284, 287–288, 290, 292, 295, 298, 300, 303–304, 306, 310, 312, 315, 317, 320, 322, 324, 328, 329, 331, 333, 336, 338, 340, 342, 345, 348, 351, 355, 359, 361, 364–365, 368, 370, 372, 375, 377–378, 381, 383, 385, 387, 397, 400, 407, 414, 416, 420, 428–429, 431, 434, 436, 438, 441, 443, 449–450, 477, 490, 498, 510, 512–513, 519, 521, 528, 536, 542, 546, 549, 558, 573, 583, 587, 593, 600, 609, 617, 642, 655, 659, 663, 666, 699, 704, 713, 716, 725–726, 729, 733, 746, 764, 769 Lauenburg, 622–623, 688 Leer, 399, 408 Leiden, 23, 138, 142, 162, 165, 182, 533, 585, 598 Leipzig, 130, 138, 212, 260, 415, 422, 439, 440, 442–443, 487, 518, 521, 523, 525, 527, 529, 532, 535, 537, 540, 542, 544, 546, 559, 565, 592, 600, 604, 612, 614, 616, 619, 685, 712 Libau. See Liepaja Liepaja, 76, 133, 514, 547, 588, 593, 643 Lilla Abborfors. See Pikku-Ahvenkoski Lillebælt. See Belt, Great and/or Little Lithuania, 9, 11, 16, 47, 67, 76, 116, 134, 157, 163, 168, 172, 186, 194, 200, 228, 232, 236, 246, 256, 306, 310, 312, 320, 355, 378, 414, 416, 420–421, 423–425, 428, 431, 438, 441, 443, 450, 477, 490, 512, 544, 583, 600, 609, 614, 617, 642, 659, 663, 666, 692, 746, 769 Little Belt. See Belt, Great and/or Little Livland, 55, 92, 96, 133–134, 137, 146, 155, 157, 161, 179, 182–183, 199, 219, 222, 224, 235–236, 238–239, 253, 260, 262, 419, 445. See also Livonia Livonia, 2–4, 7–10, 16–17, 21, 88–89, 92, 96, 98, 122–123, 125, 133–134, 137, 144, 146, 155, 157–159, 161, 167, 169, 178–180, 182–184, 196, 199, 201–202, 206, 214, 219,

index 221–222, 224, 236, 238, 242, 253, 255, 258, 260, 262, 304, 382, 414, 417, 420, 429, 438, 440, 476, 498–499, 513, 522, 527–528, 543, 551, 553–554, 578, 582, 587, 589, 596, 608–611, 613, 615, 617–618, 622–623, 640, 651, 655, 667, 710, 714, 726–727, 734. See also Livland Löbenrod, 260 Loitz, 473 Lombarzijde, 533 London, 2–4, 6, 11, 22–23, 108, 169–170, 241, 351, 386, 410, 502–504, 521, 523, 551–552, 554, 571, 588, 602, 604, 652, 714, 755 Lorraine, 752 Loviisa, 265–266, 268–273, 276–278, 298, 300–301 Lovisa. See Loviisa Lower Saxony, 199, 393, 442, 497, 501, 599, 602, 605, 629, 673, 748, 759 Lübeck, 2–11, 16, 21–23, 48, 53–54, 69, 98, 106–107, 116–117, 120, 122, 124–125, 129, 136, 148, 169–171, 196, 204, 211–213, 223, 228–229, 231, 241–244, 249–250, 254, 315, 323, 351, 354, 362, 400, 405, 409–410, 436, 459, 462–463, 486–487, 491, 493–494, 498, 503, 511–514, 516–518, 520–529, 531–535, 537, 539–546, 548–549, 552, 554–557, 559–561, 563–567, 569, 571–572, 574, 576, 579–580, 582–586, 588–596, 598–601, 603–606, 608–636, 638–648, 650–654, 656–665, 667–672, 674, 677–686, 688–695, 697–703, 709–718, 720–725, 727, 734, 737–738, 744, 760 Lund, 178, 260, 305, 568 Lüneburg, 3–4, 23, 50, 131, 399, 416, 422, 424, 446, 487, 498–501, 505–506, 620–621, 678–679, 725, 727, 749, 755–757, 759, 762 Lunia. See Luunja Luunja, 198 Mäeküla, 258 Maholm. See Mahu

777

Mahu, 144–145 Maidla Manor, 94–95 Malmö, 540, 552, 567, 587, 597, 640, 733 Mansfeld, 171 Marienburg, 438–439, 441, 615 Marienwerder, 421 Maydell. See Maidla Manor Mecklenburg, 54, 469, 476, 487, 491, 502–504, 517, 519, 528, 530, 547, 550–554, 556, 558, 562, 567, 581, 588–589, 595, 599, 605, 607, 610, 618, 622–623, 629, 633–634, 644–645, 649, 656, 658, 669, 671, 676, 680, 690, 697, 700, 705–708, 714, 728, 730, 736, 744–747 Mehheküll. See Mäeküla Memel, 246, 397, 408, 467, 551, 615. See also Klaipeda Merseburg, 430, 432, 434, 437 Middelburg, 6, 533 Mitau. See Jelgava Mogiliov, 158 Mohn. See Muhu Moisekatz. See Mooste Moisling, 638 Mölln, 658 Montfort, 438, 441 Mooste, 198 Mori, 638 Moscow, 98, 130, 137, 142, 149, 155, 160, 164, 172, 177, 181, 184, 187, 190, 196, 198, 202, 205, 210, 214, 221, 234, 237, 243, 245, 405, 421, 440, 443, 476–477, 498–499, 538, 554, 558, 609, 617–618, 664, 714, 737–738 Muhu, 145 Münster, 470, 728, 759 Muscovy, 10, 126, 499, 578 Müüsleri, 227 Naantali, 298, 300, 361–362 Naarden, 533 Nådendal. See Naantali Näkimadalad, 253 Namur, 533 Närpiö, 377–378 Narva, 3, 9–11, 16, 20, 88, 97–99, 102, 108, 121, 125–126, 133, 144–145, 149–150, 154–155, 164,

778

index

170, 186–193, 195–196, 198, 201, 226, 230–232, 234, 236, 242, 247–248, 250, 293, 298, 351, 499, 514, 531, 538, 550–554, 577, 583, 609–610, 613, 617, 641, 655, 704–705 Narva River, 97 Nedenaes, 73 Neman, 551, 655 Neman River, 609 Netherlands, 1, 3–23, 25–26, 28, 35, 37, 39–40, 43–45, 47, 53, 55–57, 64, 67, 69, 75–76, 78–79, 83–84, 96–97, 100, 103, 105, 107, 113, 116, 120, 124, 126, 133–134, 136, 143, 145, 151, 157–158, 163–164, 166, 168, 170, 172, 175, 180–181, 186, 188, 191, 194, 200, 203, 206, 209, 212, 216, 223, 227–228, 230–232, 236, 240–241, 244, 246–247, 249, 265, 267, 269, 271, 274, 276, 279–280, 284, 287–288, 290, 292, 295, 298, 300, 306, 310–312, 317, 319–320, 322–324, 328–329, 331, 333, 336, 338, 340, 342, 345, 348, 351–352, 355, 359, 364–365, 368, 370, 375, 377–378, 381, 383, 385–387, 393, 395, 397–399, 401–402, 404–405, 407, 409, 414, 416–417, 420, 428, 431–432, 438, 441, 443, 447, 449–451, 453, 458, 467–468, 476–477, 479, 484–487, 490–493, 500–501, 517, 519, 521, 524, 528, 531–534, 536, 544, 546, 549, 551, 554, 556, 564, 566, 568–571, 573–574, 577, 581, 585, 587–588, 594–597, 600–601, 603, 607, 609, 612, 628–629, 651–652, 655–656, 659, 663, 666, 676, 689–690, 692, 694, 699, 704–706, 708–710, 713–714, 716, 725–727, 730–731, 733, 736–737, 739, 742–743, 746, 748–749, 751, 756–757, 759–760, 764, 769 Neustadt, 229, 245, 690, 723, 724, 739 Neuwerk, 481 Neva River, 199, 323 Nevanlinna, 298, 322–323. See also Nyen

Newcastle, 241 Nexö, 598 Niendorf, 638 Nijmegen, 22–23, 493, 533 Norden, 21, 83–84, 271, 273, 282, 286, 393–395, 401–402, 405–406 Norrköping, 550, 591, 667 North Pole, 309 North Sea, 1–2, 4–5, 13, 18, 20–23, 72, 306, 393, 401, 471, 746, 749, 751 Norway, 2, 8, 14–15, 17, 19, 28–29, 35, 41, 43, 47, 51–53, 55–56, 60, 69, 76, 80, 244, 310, 325, 386, 402, 405, 408, 417, 449–450, 455, 467, 476–477, 490–491, 566, 595, 597, 601, 678, 714, 727, 729, 735 Norwich, 552 Novaya Zemlya, 476 Novgorod, 2–3, 10–11, 20, 117, 122, 125, 129, 190, 236, 528, 538, 551, 553, 577–580, 588, 609–610, 613, 617–618, 626, 689 Nuremberg, 103–104, 109, 114, 487, 554 Nyborg, 79–80, 554 Nyen, 133, 144, 154–155, 293, 298, 322–323. See also Nevanlinna Nykarleby. See Uusikaarlepyy Nyköping, 556, 558, 595 Nystad, 20, 105, 146–147, 157, 222, 298, 301, 373. See also Uusikaupunki Oberpahlen. See Põltsamaa Odense, 22, 46, 59, 65, 74, 80, 82, 640 Oldenburg, 48, 54, 243, 452, 491, 702, 712, 723, 749–750, 759 Oldesloe, 491, 493 Orgena. See Orina Orina, 227 Orkneys, 597 Ösel, 135, 161, 166–168, 172, 178–179, 182, 184, 199, 214, 217, 220, 222, 528, 643. See also Saaremaa Oslo, 41, 567, 733, 735 Osnabrück, 411, 523

index Östermyra. See Seinäjoki Osterode, 439, 441 Oulu, 298, 300–301, 327–335, 337–339, 341, 343–344 Paatsalu, 219 Pakri Islands, 234 Paldiski, 135–136, 186, 234 Palestine, 438, 441 Paris, 311, 316 Pärnu, 3, 108, 121, 130, 135–137, 144, 149, 160, 171, 178, 181, 184, 186, 200–216, 219, 229, 236, 238, 243–246, 514, 536, 554, 583, 610, 617, 643 Pasewalk, 473 Patzal. See Paatsalu Paulenhof. See Veriora Peene River, 471–473 Pellinge. See Pellinki Pellinki, 266 Pernau. See Pärnu Persia, 410 Pewsum, 397 Pidula Manor, 216–217 Pietarsaari, 298, 300–301, 383–384 Pikku-Ahvenkoski, 266 Pilka, 198 Pilken. See Pilka Pleskau / Pleskow, 538, 578, 617–618. See also Pskov / Pskow Plön, 48 Poel, 744 Poland, 9–11, 15, 17–18, 20–22, 28, 37, 40, 44–45, 47, 52, 56, 67, 69, 83, 100, 103, 116, 133–134, 143, 146, 157–158, 163, 168, 172, 186, 191, 194, 200, 214, 232, 236, 241, 246, 249, 256, 265, 267, 269, 271, 274, 276, 279–280, 284, 287–288, 290, 292, 295, 298, 300, 306, 309–310, 312, 315, 317, 320, 322, 324, 328–329, 331, 333, 336, 338, 340, 342, 345, 348, 351, 355, 359, 361, 364–365, 368, 370, 372–373, 375, 377–378, 381, 383, 387, 397, 400–401, 404–405, 407–408, 410, 414, 416–417, 420–421, 423, 425–426, 428, 431–432, 437–438, 441, 443, 449–451, 453, 465, 467, 469, 471, 476, 479, 486, 490–491,

779

498–500, 508, 512, 517, 519, 521, 526, 528, 530, 536, 538, 540, 544, 549, 556, 558, 562, 566, 577, 581, 587, 594, 600, 604, 609, 612–614, 617, 620, 623–624, 626, 628–629, 632, 634, 640, 642, 644, 648, 655, 663–664, 666, 668, 671, 673, 675–676, 678, 683, 689–690, 692, 694, 704, 713, 716, 725, 730–731, 743, 746, 769 Polotsk, 158 Põltsamaa, 254, 255 Pomerania, 2, 21, 49, 325, 459, 461–463, 465–466, 469–470, 472–474, 476, 487, 491, 533–534, 547, 551, 554, 556, 558, 567, 571, 588, 607, 610, 622–623, 629, 633–634, 640–641, 649, 664, 704, 714, 725, 737, 744, 751, 759, 766 Pori, 292–293, 298, 300–301, 313, 360, 365–367, 369, 372 Porkkalanniemi, 296 Porkkalaudd. See Porkkalanniemi Portugal, 6, 11, 39, 136, 244, 447, 573, 714, 746 Porvoo, 266, 274–276, 292, 298, 301, 380 Prague, 751 Priwall, 666, 671, 744 Prussia, 2–4, 7–9, 13–16, 18–19, 21–22, 41, 47, 49–50, 69, 125, 244, 395, 397, 399, 402–404, 406–418, 420–427, 429–434, 436–439, 441–444, 451–454, 459, 462–463, 465, 470, 472, 476–477, 498, 536, 543, 553, 556, 571, 581, 588, 595, 601, 614–615, 618, 622–623, 629, 656, 664, 667, 669, 675–676, 684, 690, 694–695, 702, 704, 710, 714, 739, 742, 752 Pskov / Pskow, 122, 190, 236. See also Pleskau / Pleskow Raahe, 298, 301, 329–330, 335–337 Rahula, 89 Rakvere, 90, 143 Randorp, 533 Räpina, 261–262 Rappin. See Räpina Ratan, 341, 343 Ratzeburg, 48, 55, 606

780

index

Rauma, 292–293, 298, 301, 359–360, 367–372 Raumo. See Rauma Redentin, 744 Reecke, 638 Regensburg, 499, 554 Rendsburg, 493 Reval, 2–3, 7, 9–11, 20, 88, 90, 92–93, 96, 101, 103–105, 109–110, 112–115, 119, 131, 133, 135, 138, 140, 144, 147, 163, 166, 195, 201, 225, 227, 233, 241, 243, 249–250, 252, 257, 260, 305, 428, 512–513, 520, 528, 531, 538, 562, 595, 601, 609–611, 623, 626, 629, 641, 643, 649, 655, 686, 704, 725. See also Tallinn Riazan, 138, 161, 182, 238 Ribe, 567, 655 Ribnitz, 530, 744 Riesenburg, 421, 439, 441 Riga, 2–3, 7, 9–13, 16, 20, 22, 28, 55, 91–92, 104, 108, 120, 122, 125, 130, 132–133, 135–138, 144, 149, 155–163, 166–167, 169, 177–178, 181–182, 184, 186, 201, 204, 206, 210–212, 214, 224, 236–239, 243–246, 250, 261, 293, 306, 351, 400, 408, 420, 434, 436, 440, 443, 498, 513–514, 520, 528, 536, 541, 547, 549, 551–554, 558, 567, 581–583, 601–603, 609–611, 613, 643, 655–656, 660, 667, 671, 699, 704–709, 713–714, 719, 725, 729, 737, 759 Ripen. See Ribe Risenberg, 615 Ritzebüttel, 480, 482, 487, 494 Röbel, 638 Rogerwiek. See Pakri Islands Rönne, 598 Roskilde, 498, 558 Rostock, 2, 69, 501–504, 514, 520, 522, 530–531, 540, 545, 547, 550–552, 554, 562, 566–571, 574, 584–585, 587–588, 595–597, 601, 603, 607, 620–621, 623, 625–626, 633–634, 640, 644–645, 649, 651, 655, 667, 684, 699, 704–708, 713, 716–719, 724–738, 744 Rotterdam, 28, 246, 250

Rügen, 472 Rügenwalde, 49, 69, 534 Russia, 2, 9–11, 17, 19–22, 28, 37, 39–40, 44–45, 47–48, 57, 67, 83, 87, 90, 92, 94, 96–98, 100, 102–105, 107, 110, 112–114, 116, 121, 125–127, 129, 133–134, 136, 138–140, 142–146, 151–154, 156–158, 160–161, 163, 166–168, 170, 172–173, 175, 178, 180–182, 186, 188, 190–191, 194, 198–200, 202–203, 206, 209–210, 215–216, 218, 222, 224–225, 228, 230–232, 235–236, 238, 240–247, 249, 251–252, 254, 256–258, 260, 265, 267, 269, 271, 274–276, 279–280, 284, 287–288, 290, 292–295, 298, 300, 302, 306, 309–310, 312–313, 317–318, 320, 322–324, 326, 328, 331, 341, 343, 345, 348, 351, 354–355, 359, 364–365, 368, 370, 372, 377–378, 385, 395, 397, 401, 404–405, 414, 416–417, 420, 425, 428–432, 434, 436–438, 441, 447, 450–451, 453, 457–458, 465, 467–472, 476–477, 479, 490–492, 498, 508, 510, 512–513, 528, 538–540, 549, 551–552, 554, 556, 558, 562, 566, 577–579, 581, 583, 587, 589, 594–598, 600, 602, 609–610, 612–613, 617–618, 624, 626, 628–629, 642, 655, 663, 666–667, 673, 675–676, 689–690, 692–693, 699–700, 704, 706, 713–716, 726–727, 730–731, 733–734, 736, 740, 742, 746, 757, 765–766, 769 Rutikvere, 219 Ruttigfer. See Rutikvere Saaremaa, 135–136, 161, 166, 172, 178, 180, 182, 184, 199, 217, 219–220, 222–224, 528, 609–611, 613. See also Ösel Sachsen-Lauenburg, 491 Sagadi Manor, 101–102, 224–226 Sagan, 545 Saggad. See Sagadi Manor Salo, 330, 337 Samaiten, 414 Sarakuste, 198

index Sarrakus. See Sarakuste Scania, 53, 461, 540, 582, 585–587, 590, 595, 597, 636, 646–647, 655, 669, 680–681, 695–696, 710–711, 727, 729, 734 Schaale River, 746 Schiedam, 246 Schleswig, 47, 61, 399, 405, 417, 451, 453, 455, 456, 491, 552, 554, 595, 621, 640, 649, 664, 669, 671, 695, 710, 738–739, 740–742 Schönberg, 588 Schönebeck, 430, 432, 434, 437 Schwaan, 744 Schwerin, 459, 462, 464, 502–504, 530, 547, 551, 553, 562, 568, 634, 640, 645, 658, 669, 686, 706–708, 718–719, 734, 742–743, 745, 747 Schwerin, Lake, 746 Scotland, 243, 399, 597, 660, 678, 751 Seehausen, 560, 562 Segeberg, 595 Seinäjoki, 385–387 Seinigal. See Müüsleri Serrey, 416, 421–424, 446 Siberia, 126, 253 Sjaelland, 80, 456 Slupsk, 49, 69, 474, 704 Sluys, 533 Smolensk, 161 Södermanland, 613 Sohlingen, 250 Sønderburg, 651 Sortavala, 293 Sound, 1, 3–9, 11–14, 16–18, 21–23, 27, 29–36, 39, 42, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 60, 65, 67–80, 83–84, 209, 211, 306, 398, 405–406, 408, 451, 456, 467, 476, 487, 519, 521–522, 551, 553, 567, 570, 573–574, 595, 597, 601, 603, 678, 713–714, 749, 752 Spain, 11, 13, 28, 37, 39, 44, 56, 57, 69, 76, 83, 174, 306, 352, 398, 473, 476, 544, 573, 574, 583, 588, 678, 714 Speyer, 9, 499, 554 St. Karins. See Kaarina St. Petersburg, 12, 20, 28, 40, 88, 99, 108, 110, 122, 132, 139, 140–142, 145, 147–148, 150, 155, 158,

781

162–163, 165, 168, 170, 173, 177, 179, 183, 187–188, 190, 198–199, 202–203, 205, 208, 210, 216, 219–220, 222, 224, 229, 231, 243, 249–250, 255–257, 310–311, 318, 323, 351, 473, 493, 510, 514, 553, 571, 579, 617–618, 655, 667, 704, 708, 714 Stackelberg, 216–217, 250 Stade, 52, 55, 487, 493, 506, 578, 748–753, 755–762 Stargard, 465, 615 Starkenburg, 438, 441 Staßfurt, 430, 432, 434, 437 Steinrade, 638 Stendal, 560, 686 Stettin. See Szczecin Stillhorn, 495 Stockelsdorf, 638 Stockholm, 3, 11–12, 17, 20–22, 28, 93, 98, 125, 144–145, 147, 167, 196, 198, 210, 220, 233, 235, 238–239, 256, 260–261, 265, 267, 277–278, 282, 287–290, 294–297, 299–303, 306–307, 309, 319, 328–332, 334, 337–338, 339, 341, 343, 346, 348, 351, 357, 359–362, 367, 369, 371, 373, 375–376, 379, 384, 386, 388, 472, 493, 513, 536, 540–541, 550–551, 553–554, 571, 579, 582, 587, 590–592, 603, 641, 651, 667, 706, 708, 714, 718–719, 729 Stolbovo, 92, 260 Stolp. See Slupsk Storebælt. See Belt, Great and/or Little Stralendorf, 752 Stralsund, 2, 6, 92, 250, 261, 315, 470, 471–472, 513, 520, 522, 526, 530, 534, 536, 540, 548, 550–554, 558, 562, 567–571, 587–588, 595–597, 601–602, 605, 610–611, 613, 620, 623, 626, 633, 640, 644, 649–651, 686, 695, 704–708, 717–719, 725, 727, 737, 759, 764–768 Strelasound, 471 Suuremõisa, 253 Svaneke, 598 Sveaborg. See Viapori Sweden, 3, 6, 8–11, 13–23, 27–28, 37, 39, 41–45, 47–48, 53, 57, 67,

782

index

69, 73, 75–76, 83–84, 88–90, 92, 94, 96–103, 105, 110, 113, 116, 121–122, 125–127, 129, 133–136, 140, 143–146, 149–151, 154–155, 157–158, 160–161, 163, 166–168, 170, 172–173, 175–176, 178–180, 183–184, 186–188, 190–191, 194, 196, 198–203, 206–207, 209, 211, 214, 216, 219–220, 222–223, 226, 232–241, 244, 246, 252, 255–256, 258–260, 265–272, 274–277, 279–282, 284, 287–304, 306–307, 310, 312, 315, 317–326, 328–334, 336–349, 351, 353–357, 359–388, 393, 397–400, 402, 404–408, 412, 414, 416–417, 420–421, 428–429, 431, 436, 438, 441, 443–444, 447, 450–451, 453, 455–456, 458–459, 461–463, 465, 467–473, 476–477, 479, 484, 490–492, 498, 500–503, 508, 510, 512–513, 517, 519, 528, 530, 534, 536, 540, 546–547, 549–551, 553–554, 558, 560, 562, 566–568, 570–571, 573–574, 577, 579, 581, 583, 587–592, 594–597, 600, 604–607, 609–610, 612–613, 617–618, 620, 624–625, 628–629, 632–634, 640, 647, 651–653, 655–656, 659–660, 663, 666–668, 673–676, 678, 683–684, 689–690, 692–693, 696–697, 699–700, 704–706, 708, 710, 713–714, 716, 719, 725–731, 733–734, 736–737, 739, 742–744, 746, 748, 750–752, 756, 758–762, 764–767, 769 Swinemünde, 351 Switzerland, 311 Szczecin, 2, 49, 69, 106–107, 465–466, 469–470, 472, 475, 534, 540, 550–553, 588, 596, 602, 610, 613, 615, 626, 633, 640, 649, 655, 678, 684, 707–708, 717–718, 725 Tabivere, 198 Tallinn, 2, 87–93, 95–96, 98, 100–115, 117–118, 120–133, 135–137, 140–141, 143–146, 149–150, 152, 154, 162–164, 166–167, 177, 195–196, 198, 201, 204, 207, 210, 212, 214, 216, 218, 225–227, 233–234, 238–243, 249–252,

257–258, 260–261, 293, 315, 323, 346, 348, 351, 362, 428, 436, 442, 491, 498, 512–513, 520, 528, 531, 538, 550–553, 558, 562, 571, 595, 601, 609–611, 617, 623, 626, 629, 641, 643, 649, 686, 704–706, 717, 718, 719, 725, 737, 759. See also Reval Tammisaari, 267, 268, 298, 301, 304, 313, 326, 345–350 Tapa, 101–102, 226 Tapiau, 439, 441 Tappifer. See Tabivere Taps. See Tapa Tartary, 476 Tartu, 3, 91–92, 99, 102, 104, 115, 125, 126, 131, 133, 137–138, 142, 144, 146, 149–150, 154–156, 160–162, 164, 167–168, 172, 177, 179, 181–182, 184, 187, 190, 195–196, 201–202, 205, 214, 217, 221–224, 232, 234–240, 255, 259, 261, 299, 513, 528, 538–539, 550–551, 601, 610, 617–618, 623 Tauroggen, 421, 423 The Hague, 22, 39, 395, 404, 493, 500–501, 571, 602, 651, 759 Thorn. See Torun Thüringen, 257 Tilsit, 615 Tolkshuby, 641 Tolsburg. See Toolse Tönsberg, 733 Toolse, 141, 144, 145 Törnävä, 385 Torneå. See Tornio Tornio, 298, 301, 313, 339–344 Torun, 415, 418, 422, 439–440, 442–443, 522, 540, 601, 615 Transsylvania, 498 Travemünde, 630, 635, 656, 659, 677, 698–699, 701, 744 Trondheim, 596, 598 Turkey, 417 Turku, 3, 190, 267–268, 292–293, 297–299, 301, 306, 313, 315–316, 328, 330, 332, 334, 337, 341, 343, 346, 348, 351, 353–358, 360, 362–364, 366–367, 369, 371, 373, 375, 378–380, 384, 388, 538, 618

index Ubja, 243 Uckermünde, 719 Uleåborg. See Oulu Uppia. See Ubja Uppsala, 22, 156, 286, 300, 303, 540 Usedom, 719 Utrecht, 23, 533, 551, 601 Uusikaarlepyy, 298, 301, 313, 387–388 Uusikaupunki, 20, 298, 301, 372–374. See also Nystad Uusimaa, 303–304 Vaasa, 295, 298–299, 301, 313, 322, 374–378, 380, 382, 386–387 Vadstena, 399 Varel, 48 Vasa. See Vaasa Västerås, 540 Västerbotten, 341, 343 Veere, 6, 533 Vehkalahti, 321 Velise, 258 Venice, 11, 438, 441, 498 Ventspils, 593, 643, 656 Verden, 51, 750, 753, 755–757, 760–761 Veriora, 261 Viapori, 310 Viborg, 3, 9, 10–11, 16, 80, 292, 298, 317–318, 322–323, 326, 583, 591, 610. See also Viipuri, Vyborg Vidzeme, 182, 238 Vienna, 92, 131, 192, 413, 418–419, 429, 431, 433, 435, 437, 439, 445, 490, 555, 751 Viipuri, 180, 292–293, 298, 317–319, 322–327, 352, 583, 591, 610. See also Viborg, Vyborg Viljandi, 236 Virumaa, 88, 95, 102, 146, 153–154, 169, 226 Visby, 519, 534, 540–541, 551, 558, 618, 700 Võivere, 102, 226 Vormsi, 252–253. See also Worms Vyborg, 180, 326. See also Viborg, Viipuri

783

Wallachia, 417 Warnemünde, 503, 727–728, 732, 744, 759 Warnow River, 502, 728, 746 Weckelax. See Vehkalahti Weimar, 131, 413, 418–419, 429, 431, 433, 435, 437, 439, 445, 600, 735, 737, 770 Welau, 615 Wesenberg. See Rakvere Weser River, 491, 505, 749–750, 752, 756, 759–760 Westerau, 638 Westphalia, 2, 470, 597, 728, 759 West-Friesland, 14 West-Frisia. See West-Friesland Wetzlar, 554 White Sea, 233 Wieck, 461 Wiek, 152, 167–168, 214, 222. See also Läänemaa Wien. See Vienna Wierland. See Virumaa Wismar, 2, 6, 476, 503, 520, 522, 530–531, 540, 543, 545, 547, 550–554, 562, 567–570, 574, 588, 595–598, 601, 607, 609–610, 620–621, 623, 626, 633–634, 640, 644, 649, 651, 655, 667, 669, 684, 687, 690, 704–708, 716–719, 725, 727, 734, 737, 744, 746, 769–770 Wittmund, 410 Woibifer. See Võivere Worms, 554. See also Vormsi Wrangelstein, 94 York, 22, 241 Ypres, 533 Ystad, 541, 587, 759 Zagan. See Sagan Zarrentin, 530 Zeeland, 4, 6, 80, 486, 491, 517, 533, 536, 568, 601, 603, 714 Zierikzee, 6, 533–534 Zutphen, 533 Zwolle, 4, 487, 522, 567, 569

Baltic Connections Volume II

The Northern World North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD Peoples, Economies and Cultures

Editors

Barbara Crawford (St. Andrews) David Kirby (London) Jon-Vidar Sigurdsson (Oslo) Ingvild Øye (Bergen) Richard W. Unger (Vancouver) Piotr Gorecki (University of California at Riverside)

VOLUME 36/II

Baltic Connections Archival Guide to the Maritime Relations of the Countries around the Baltic Sea (including the Netherlands) 1450–1800 Volume II Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands

Edited by

Lennart Bes, Edda Frankot and Hanno Brand

LEIDEN • BOSTON 2007

Cover illustration: Bird’s-eye view of the Swedish blockade of Gdansk Bay and attacking Dutch ships, May 1627, from a travel account by Abraham Boot who was part of a Dutch diplomatic mission to the Polish court at Warsaw during the Swedish-Polish war in 1627–1628. State Archives in Gdansk: “Manuscript Collection” (reference code: PL/10/1016), no. 58 This book is printed on acid-free paper. A C.I.P. record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISSN 1569-1462 ISBN 978 90 04 16429 1 (Set) ISBN 978 90 04 16432 1 (Vol. II) Copyright 2007 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS

Vår handel och correspondens O Herre Gud Du styre så Att vi må handla med avance Och att oss alltid väl må gå Amen Please rule our merchandise and correspondence O dear Lord So that we can trade at a prot And we will always have good fortune Amen

Landsarkivet i Visby / Regional Archives in Visby: Donners affärsarkiv / archives of the Merchant House of Donner, (founded by the Lübeck-born merchant Jörgen Heinrich Donner, who moved to Sweden) no. BI: 3, letter book from 1787–1789

CONTENTS Volume I Preface ................................................................................................ Introduction ........................................................................................ Notes on the Editors ......................................................................... Subjects covered by the guide ......................................................... Baltic Connections: Changing Patterns in Seaborne Trade, c. 1450–1800 by Hanno Brand ....................................................

xxvii xxix xxxiii xxxv 1

Denmark by Erik Gøbel and Ulrich Flaskager Hansen Copenhagen • Copenhagen City Archives ...................................................... Stadsarkivet • Danish National Archives ........................................................ Statens Arkiver, Rigsarkivet • Royal Danish Library, Slotsholmen ........................................ Kongelige Bibliotek, Slotsholmen

25 26 82

Estonia by Kersti Lust, Enn Küng, Juhan Kreem et al. Tallinn • Estonian History Museum ....................................................... Eesti Ajaloomuuseum • National Library of Estonia .................................................... Eesti Rahvusraamatukogu • Tallinn City Archives .............................................................. Tallinna Linnaarhiiv • Tallinn University Academic Library ..................................... Tallinna Ülikooli Akadeemiline Raamatukogu

87 110 111 132

viii

contents

Tartu • Estonian Historical Archives ................................................... Ajalooarhiiv • Tartu University Library ............................................................. Tartu Ülikooli Raamatukogu

134 259

Finland by Juhani Piilonen Hämeenlinna • Hämeenlinna Provincial Archives .............................................. Hämeenlinnan Maakunta-Arkisto Helsinki • City Archives of Helsinki .......................................................... Helsingin Kaupunginarkisto • National Archives of Finland ..................................................... Kansallisarkisto • National Library of Finland ....................................................... Kansalliskirjasto

265

278 292 305

Mikkeli • Mikkeli Provincial Archives ....................................................... Mikkelin Maakunta-Arkisto

317

Oulu • Oulu Provincial Archives ........................................................... Oulun Maakunta-Arkisto

327

Tammisaari • Tammisaari Town Archives ........................................................ Tammisaaren Kaupunginarkisto

345

Turku • Åbo Academy University Library ............................................. Åbo Akademis Bibliotek • Kaarina Church Archives ........................................................... Kaarinan Kirkonarkisto • Turku City Archives ................................................................... Turun Kaupunginarkisto

351 353 355

contents •

Turku Provincial Archives .......................................................... Turun Maakunta-Arkisto

Vaasa • Vaasa Provincial Archives .......................................................... Vaasan Maakunta-Arkisto

ix 359

374

Germany by Tatjana Niemsch (Lübeck section), various authors (other sections) Aurich • Lower Saxony State Archives – State Archives of Aurich ..... Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv – Staatsarchiv Aurich Berlin • Secret Central Archives Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation ............................................................................... Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz Bremen • Archives of the Chamber of Commerce of Bremen ................ Archiv der Handelskammer Bremen • Bremen State Archives ............................................................... Staatsarchiv Bremen

393

412

446 448

Emden • Municipal Archives Emden ........................................................ Stadtarchiv Emden

451

Flensburg • Municipal Archives Flensburg ................................................... Stadtarchiv Flensburg

454

Greifswald • Municipal Archives Greifswald ................................................. Stadtarchiv Greifswald • State Ofce for Culture and the Preservation of Monuments, State Archives Greifswald ...................................................... Landesamt für Kultur und Denkmalpege, Landesarchiv Greifswald

458

464

x

contents

Hamburg • Library of Commerce of the Hamburg Chamber of Commerce ................................................................................ Commerzbibliothek der Handelskammer Hamburg • State Archives of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg .................................................................................. Staatsarchiv der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg

475

479

Hannover • Lower Saxony State Archives – Main State Archives of Hannover ............................................................................ Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv – Hauptstaatsarchiv Hannover

497

Kiel • Municipal Archives Kiel ............................................................ Stadtarchiv Kiel

507

Lübeck • Archives of the Hanseatic Town of Lübeck ............................. Archiv der Hansestadt Lübeck

511

Neustadt in Holstein • Archives of the Superintendency Oldenburg in Holstein ........ Archiv des Kirchenkreises Oldenburg i. H.

723

Rostock • Archives of the Hanseatic Town of Rostock ............................ Archiv der Hansestadt Rostock • Rostock University Library ........................................................ Universitätsbibliothek Rostock

724 736

Schleswig • Schleswig-Holstein State Archives ............................................ Landesarchiv Schleswig-Holstein

738

Schwerin • State Ofce for Culture and the Preservation of Monuments, Main State Archives Schwerin ............................................... Landesamt für Kultur und Denkmalpege, Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin

743

xi

contents Stade • Lower Saxony State Archives – State Archives of Stade ....... Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv – Staatsarchiv Stade

748

Stralsund • Municipal Archives Stralsund .................................................... Stadtarchiv Stralsund

764

Wismar • Archives of the Hanseatic Town of Wismar ............................ Archiv der Hansestadt Wismar

769

Index .....................................................................................................

771

Volume II Latvia by Krlis Zvirgzdiš Riga • Latvia State Historical Archives ................................................ Latvijas Valsts Vstures Arhvs

787

Lithuania by Rima Cicnien, Rasa Narbutait, Leokadija Olechnovi et al. Vilnius • Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences ...................... Lietuvos Moksl Akademijos Biblioteka • Lithuanian State Historical Archives ......................................... Lietuvos Valstybs Istorijos Archyvas • Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania ................. Lietuvos Nacionalin Martyno Mažvydo Biblioteka

877 890 895

xii

contents

the Netherlands by Edda Frankot and Hanno Brand Alkmaar • Regional Historical Centre Alkmaar .......................................... Regionaal Historisch Centrum Alkmaar

901

Amersfoort • Eemland Archives ....................................................................... Archief Eemland

904

Amsterdam • City Archives Amsterdam .......................................................... Stadsarchief Amsterdam

907

Arnhem • Guelders Archives ....................................................................... Gelders Archief

994

Assen • Archives of Drenthe ................................................................... 1003 Drents Archief Bergen op Zoom • Regional Historical Centre Bergen op Zoom ........................... 1008 Regionaal Historisch Centrum Bergen op Zoom Brielle • Regional Archives Voorne-Putten and Rozenburg .................... 1011 Streekarchief Voorne-Putten en Rozenburg Delft • Municipal Archives Delft ........................................................... 1012 Gemeentearchief Delft Deventer • Town Archives and Athenaeum Library Deventer ................... 1024 Stadsarchief en Athenaeumbibliotheek Deventer

contents

xiii

Dordrecht • Town Archives Dordrecht ......................................................... 1039 Stadsarchief Dordrecht Elburg • Regional Archives Northwest-Veluwe: location Elburg .......... 1060 Streekarchivariaat Noordwest-Veluwe: locatie Elburg Gouda • Regional Archives Middle-Holland .......................................... 1066 Streekarchief Midden-Holland Groningen • Groningen Archives ................................................................... 1067 Groninger Archieven Haarlem • Archives of North-Holland: location Jansstraat ....................... 1075 Noord-Hollands Archief: locatie Jansstraat • Archives of North-Holland: location Kleine Houtweg ........... 1088 Noord-Hollands Archief: locatie Kleine Houtweg Harderwijk • Regional Archives Northwest-Veluwe: location Harderwijk ... 1094 Streekarchivariaat Noordwest-Veluwe: locatie Harderwijk Harlingen • Municipal Archives Harlingen .................................................. 1100 Gemeentearchief Harlingen ’s-Hertogenbosch • Brabant Historical Information Centre ..................................... 1106 Brabants Historisch Informatie Centrum Hoorn • Westfriesian Archives ................................................................ 1107 Westfries Archief Kampen • Municipal Archives Kampen ..................................................... 1135 Gemeentearchief Kampen

xiv

contents

Leeuwarden • Historical Centre Leeuwarden ................................................... 1146 Historisch Centrum Leeuwarden • Tresoar, Friesian Historical and Literary Centre ..................... 1147 Tresoar, Fries Historisch en Letterkundig Centrum Leiden • Regional Historical Centre Leiden ........................................... 1195 Regionaal Historisch Centrum Leiden Maastricht • Regional Historical Centre Limburg ........................................ 1213 Regionaal Historisch Centrum Limburg Middelburg • Zeeland Archives ....................................................................... 1214 Zeeuws Archief Nijmegen • Regional Archives Nijmegen .................................................... 1258 Regionaal Archief Nijmegen Purmerend • Waterland Archives .................................................................... 1263 Waterlands Archief Roermond • Municipal Archives Roermond ................................................. 1276 Gemeentearchief Roermond Rotterdam • Municipal Archives Rotterdam ................................................. 1279 Gemeentearchief Rotterdam The Hague • National Archives of the Netherlands ...................................... 1307 Nationaal Archief Utrecht • The Utrecht Archives ................................................................ 1520 Het Utrechts Archief

contents

xv

Venlo • Municipal Archives Venlo ......................................................... 1532 Gemeentearchief Venlo Vlissingen • Municipal Archives Vlissingen ................................................. 1533 Gemeentearchief Vlissingen Workum • Municipal Archives Nijefurd ..................................................... 1558 Gemeentearchief Nijefurd Zierikzee • Municipal Archives Schouwen-Duiveland ................................ 1564 Gemeentearchief Schouwen-Duiveland Zutphen • Town and Regional Archives Zutphen ..................................... 1572 Stad- en Streekarchief Zutphen Zwolle • Historical Centre Overijssel ...................................................... 1579 Historisch Centrum Overijssel Index .................................................................................................... 1591

Volume III Poland by Stanisđaw Flis et al. Cracow • Jagiellonian Library ................................................................... 1607 Biblioteka Jagielloska Elblag • Cyprian Norwid Library in Elblag ........................................... 1612 Biblioteka Elblska im. Cypriana Norwida

xvi

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Gdansk • Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Gdansk ......... 1615 Biblioteka Gdaska Polskiej Akademii Nauk • State Archives in Gdansk .......................................................... 1629 Archiwum Pastwowe w Gdasku Olsztyn • Archives of the Archdiocese of Warmia .................................. 1755 Archiwum Archidiecezji Warmiskiej • State Archives in Olsztyn .......................................................... 1759 Archiwum Pastwowe w Olsztynie Poznan • Poznan University Library ........................................................ 1761 Biblioteka Uniwersytecka w Poznaniu • Raczynski Library—Special Collections Department .............. 1766 Biblioteka Raczyskich—Dzia Zbiorów Specjalnych • State Archives in Poznan .......................................................... 1769 Archiwum Pastwowe w Poznaniu Slupsk • Pomeranian Pedagogical Academy Library .............................. 1772 Biblioteka Pomorskiej Akademii Pedagogicznej Sopot • Library of the University of Gdansk ....................................... 1774 Biblioteka Uniwersytetu Gdaskiego Szczecin • Central Library of Szczecin University ................................... 1777 Biblioteka G ówna Uniwersytetu Szczeciskiego • Pomeranian Library ................................................................... 1779 Ksi nica Pomorska • State Archives in Szczecin ........................................................ 1785 Archiwum Pastwowe w Szczecinie Torun • Nicholas Copernicus Municipal Library .................................. 1818 Wojewódzka Biblioteka Publiczna w Toruniu—Ksi nica Kopernikaska

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State Archives in Torun ............................................................. 1823 Archiwum Pastwowe w Toruniu University Library in Torun ...................................................... 1831 Biblioteka Uniwersytetu w Toruniu

Warsaw • Central Archives of Historical Records ................................... 1837 Archiwum G ówne Akt Dawnych • National Library ......................................................................... 1857 Biblioteka Narodowa • Warsaw University Library ....................................................... 1866 Biblioteka Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego Wroclaw • Library of the Ossolinski National Institute ............................ 1874 Biblioteka Zak adu Narodowego im. Ossoliskich

Russia by Kersti Lust and Tatjana Shor St. Petersburg • Central State Historical Archives of St. Petersburg ................    

   ! ". #  $% • Russian Academy of Sciences Library ..................................... &$ a 'o  ( ) • Russian National Library .......................................................... '* )+  * &$  • Russian State Archives of the Navy ........................................ ' 

 ! 012 • Russian State Historical Archives ............................................. ' 

   ! • Science-Historical Archives of the St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences ................ ) -  ! " -#  $%%    '  ( )

1883

1907 1914 1925 1928

1932

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Sweden by Örjan Romefors et al. Gothenburg • Göteborg University Library: Manuscript Department ............ 1951 Göteborgs Universitetsbibliotek: Handskriftsavdelningen • Gothenburg Maritime Museum ................................................. 1953 Göteborgs Sjöfartsmuseum • Regional Archives in Gothenburg ............................................ 1954 Landsarkivet i Göteborg Härnösand • Regional Archives in Härnösand .............................................. 1973 Landsarkivet i Härnösand Jönköping • Göta Court of Appeal ................................................................ 1981 Göta Hovrätt Lund • Regional Archives in Lund ....................................................... 1984 Landsarkivet i Lund Malmö • Malmö City Archives ................................................................ 2008 Malmö Stadsarkiv Stockholm • Maritime Museum ...................................................................... Sjöhistoriska Museet • Military Archives of Sweden .................................................... Krigsarkivet • National Archives of Sweden ................................................... Riksarkivet • National Library of Sweden ...................................................... Kungl. Biblioteket • Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Centre for History of Science ................................................................. Kungl. Vetenskapsakademien, Centrum för Vetenskapshistoria

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Stockholm City Archives .......................................................... 2234 Stockholms Stadsarkiv

Uppsala • Regional Archives in Uppsala .................................................. 2248 Landsarkivet i Uppsala • Uppsala University Library, Manuscripts and Music .............. 2254 Uppsala Universitetsbibliotek, Handskrifts- och Musikenheten Vadstena • Regional Archives in Vadstena ................................................. 2259 Landsarkivet i Vadstena Visby • Regional Archives in Visby ...................................................... 2282 Landsarkivet i Visby Index .................................................................................................... 2307

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Volume I Denmark Illustration 1. Two volumes of the Sound Toll Registers, 1734, drawn up at Helsingør (Elsinore, Denmark). Danish National Archives (Copenhagen): “Sound Toll Administration 1497–1858” (reference code: 571) ..................................................

66

Illustration 2. Sound Toll Register of 1734 (ff. 9v–10r), listing Dutch ships passing Helsingør (Denmark) on April 8. Danish National Archives (Copenhagen): “Sound Toll Administration 1497–1858” (reference code: 571) ..................................................

81

Estonia Illustration 3. Detail of a map of Saaremaa (Ösel) Island and the coastal regions of Estonia, 1704, depicting Kuressaare (Arensburg) and other ports, as well as churches, manors, pubs, mills, land and shipping routes, lighthouses, and dangerous shelves and rocks, by Philip Johan Jaquez. Estonian Historical Archives (Tartu): “Mapping Ofce of Livland Guberniya” (reference code: 308), inventory 2, no. 28 ....................................

185

Illustration 4. Plan of the town hall square in Narva (Estonia), 1693, indicating the proposed building site of a stock exchange for foreign merchants (built in the years around 1700 but never used for this purpose). Estonian Historical Archives (Tartu): “Narva Town Council” (reference code: 1646), inventory 1, no. 3556 ............................................................................................

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Finland Illustration 5. Map of the Baltic Sea and the surrounding regions, 1532, by the Bavarian scholar Jacob Ziegler (1470–1549), who seems to have never visited northern Europe and drew the map based on a meeting with Scandinavian prelates at Rome and pure imagination. National Library of Finland (Helsinki): “A.E. Nordenskiöld Collection”, no. 313:8 ....................................

308

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Illustration 6. Map of southern Sweden and Finland, printed in 1747 at Stockholm, probably based on a secret and stolen map produced by the Swedish land surveying ofce from c. 1704. National Library of Finland (Helsinki): “National Collection”, no. I 2/27 ..........................................................................................

314

Germany Illustration 7. Extract from the Brunshausen (northwest Germany) customs register, listing skippers from the Netherlands transporting snuff on the Elbe River, 1726. Lower Saxony State Archives – State Archives of Stade: “Secret Council in Hannover Concerning the Duchies of Bremen and Verden (1715–1803)” (reference code: Rep. 31), Tit. 43, no. 1a .............

754

Illustration 8. Detail of a map of the Elbe River between Hamburg and the sea, with a Dutch remonstration against Hamburg concerning free shipping on the river, 1622. Lower Saxony State Archives – State Archives of Stade: “Maps Collection”, “neu” no. 10101 ..........................................................

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Volume II Latvia Illustration 9. View of a ship at Ventspils (Latvia), mid-17th century, by Johann Streck, symbolising the ourish of shipbuilding in the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia under Duke Jacob (1642–1682), partly with the help of Dutchmen. Latvia State Historical Archives (Riga): “Dukes of Courland Archives” (reference code: 554), inventory 1, no. 850d (5) ........

808

Illustration 10. Map of Riga, its surroundings and the Daugava River, depicting efforts to regulate the shifting course of the river. Latvia State Historical Archives (Riga): “Maps and Plans Collection” (reference code: 6828), inventory 2, no. 94 ..............

836

Illustration 11. View of the shipyard of Christoph Raawe on the Daugava River, one of the few attempts to develop shipbuilding at Riga, c. 1786, by Johann Andreas Oesen (1762–1804). Latvia State Historical Archives (Riga): no. 214–6 / 311a (17) ....................................................................

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Lithuania Illustration 12. Privilege of Alexander, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, granting the residents of Vilnius the right to freely trade within the entire territory of Poland and exempting them from all trade duties, 1502. Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences (Vilnius): “Parchment Collection B1” (reference code: F 1), no. 35 ...............................

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Illustration 13. Privilege of Alexander, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, permitting the construction of houses in Vilnius for merchants from abroad, 1505. Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences (Vilnius): “Parchment Collection B1” (reference code: F 1), no. 43 ...............................

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the Netherlands Illustration 14. Sketch of a tombstone, probably for Paulus Pels, resident in Gdansk (Danzig) on behalf of the Dutch States General, who died in Gdansk in 1659. National Archives of the Netherlands (The Hague): “Boreel Family” (reference code: 1.10.10), no. 327 ................................................................... 1359 Illustration 15. Details of several maps, depicting aspects of trade in the Baltic Sea region, including commodities such as grain and fur, and a view of Stockholm, late 17th or 18th century, mostly produced by Johannes van Keulen at Amsterdam. National Archives of the Netherlands (The Hague): “Department of Marine, Sea Atlases and Maps Collection” (reference code: 4.MCAL), nos. 663, 695, 697, 701–703, 708, 709 .................................................................. 1384 Illustration 16. Letter of Tsar Peter the Great to the Dutch States General, 1697, announcing the arrival of a Russian mission in the Netherlands, which includes Peter himself travelling incognito to acquire knowledge of Dutch crafts such as shipbuilding. National Archives of the Netherlands (The Hague): “States General, 1550–1796” (reference code: 1.01.03), no. 7366 ........................................................................... 1496

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Volume III Poland Illustration 17. Description and view of Stockholm, c. 1623, from a chronicle of the Polish-Swedish wars by Israell Hoppe (1626–1635). State Archives in Gdansk: “Elblag Town Manuscripts Collection” (reference code: PL/10/492), no. 654 ... 1638 Illustration 18. Agreement concluded at Lübeck in September 1557 by delegates from 63 Hanseatic towns and sealed by the representatives of the Hanseatic League districts, Lübeck, Braunschweig (Brunswick), Cologne (Köln) and Gdansk, reconrming previous obligations and rights of the League members, such as common protection of trade routes, expenses for diplomatic missions and defence against enemies. State Archives in Gdansk: “Gdansk Town Records—Privileges and Correspondence until 1525” (reference code: PL/10/ 300/D), no. 27,47 ............................................................................ 1720 Illustration 19. Swedish gunboat (part of the Swedish blockade of the harbours of Gdansk and Pillau?), 1628, from a travel account by Abraham Boot who was part of a Dutch diplomatic mission to the Polish court at Warsaw during the Polish-Swedish war in 1627–1628. State Archives in Gdansk: “Manuscript Collection” (reference code: PL/10/1016), no. 58 ........................................................................ 1737 Illustration 20. View of the Kronborg Castle at Helsingør (Elsinore, Denmark) on the Sound, 1627, from a travel account by Abraham Boot who was part of a Dutch diplomatic mission to the Polish court at Warsaw during the Swedish-Polish war in 1627–1628. State Archives in Gdansk: “Manuscript Collection” (reference code: PL/10/1016), no. 58 ........................................................................ 1739 Illustration 21. Bird’s-eye view of Pillau (Baltijsk) harbour (Kaliningrad (Königsberg) region in Russia), depicting Swedish, Dutch and Danish ships, 1627, from a travel account by Abraham Boot who was part of a Dutch diplomatic mission to the Polish court at Warsaw during the Swedish-Polish war in 1627–1628. State Archives in

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Gdansk: “Manuscript Collection” (reference code: PL/10/1016), no. 58 ........................................................................ 1741

Sweden Illustration 22. Account book listing taxes levied in the administrative province of the Padis monastery in Estonia, 1592. National Archives of Sweden (Stockholm): “Baltic Bailiffs’ Accounts” (reference code: SE/RA/5142), no. F 375 .... 2055 Illustration 23. Plan of Karlskrona (Sweden’s largest shipyard), 18th century, depicting the navy’s harbour and the ropewalk in the south and the customs house in east (section H). National Archives of Sweden (Stockholm): “Collection of Maps and Drawings of Unknown Provenance” (reference code: SE/RA/81001), no. 129 ........................................................ 2211 Illustration 24. Passport issued on 24 June 1698 by the mayor and council of Tallinn (Reval) to the merchant Johan Alberti, travelling rst to Stockholm and next to Hamburg and Amsterdam, with a note at the bottom stating that Alberti arrived at Vaxholm in the Stockholm archipelago six days later. Stockholm City Archives: “Governor’s Ofce” (reference code: SE/SSA/15705), no. F1 A: 2 .............................. 2236

LATVIA

Latvia by Krlis Zvirgzdiš Latvia State Historical Archives Latvijas Valsts Vstures Arhvs Riga www.arhivi.lv/engl/en-dep-lvva.htm

Company “Wöhrmann and Son” Record group Company “Wöhrmann and Son” Firma “Vrmanis un dls” Reference code : 7094 Period : 1759–1902 Extent : 232 items Abstract The record group comprises private papers of the Wöhrmann family as well as correspondence, bookkeeping and accounting documents concerning commercial and industrial enterprises and the liquidation of the family’s company. The bulk of the materials dates from after 1800. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1759–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, French, High German

Records from the second half of the eighteenth century are very fragmentary. They contain some information about the merchants’ migration, family

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ties, trade networks and shipping, however. The following items include relevant records: •

• • • • •

20, 22, 24, 37, 38, 72, 87, 168, 202, 230: Letters from family members and business partners in Amsterdam, Hamburg, Lübeck, Klaipeda (Memel), St. Petersburg, etc., with a very small number dating from before 1800. 88, 90, 127, 219: Charter parties, invoices and overviews concerning losses because of shipwrecking. 116: Agreement about engaging J. Voss from Lübeck as apprentice, 1771. 120, 122, 212, 213: Accounting balances. 223: Extracts from church registers and court minutes reecting the history of the family and its company. 224: Overview of the possessions of the deceased Mrs. E. Wöhrmann from Lübeck.

Accessibility Inventory (in Latvian) (1953–1977). Record creator / provenance This trading house was founded by Christian Heinrich Wöhrmann, who was born at Lübeck in 1737. He went to Riga about 1763, entered the Blackheads in 1764 and became a member of the trading companies of “Vethaacke, Krupp & Co”, “Krupp & Wöhrmann” and “Wöhrmann & Detenhoff ”. In the 1770s, he started his own business. In 1772 he was an elder (Älteste) of the Blackheads; afterwards he joined the Great Guild for merchants and became an elder there in 1784. Around 1804, his company was renamed into “Wöhrmann & Sohn”. The trading house was inherited by Johann Christoph Wöhrmann (1784–1843), who also served as consul general of Prussia in Riga, and afterward by Christian Heinrich von Wöhrmann (1814–1874), who also served as consul general of Prussia and Germany in Riga. The company was engaged in large-scale trade and commission dealing with partners in Russia, Germany, the Netherlands, Great Britain, etc. In the 1830s, it turned to the woodworking and textile industry and became an important metal working enterprise. After the death of Chr.H. von Wöhrmann, the company gradually ran down its activities. In the years 1881–1891 bankruptcy proceedings were instituted and the rm was liquidated, although some of its industrial enterprises continued to exist under different names.

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Related materials •

•

Records about Persons in Riga and the Baltic Provinces (reference code: LVVA 4011), containing the following related materials: * Manuscripts and prints concerning the family Wöhrmann (inventory no. 1: item 6095). * Letters from business partners, bills, etc., 1766–1858 (inventory no. 2: items 751–760). Collection of the Institute of History of Latvia (reference code: LVVA 4060), with items 633 and 634 in inventory no. 1 including letters sent to the Wöhrmann family and its company (mostly dating from the period 1805–1810).

Publications •

Lenz, W., et al. (eds.), Deutschbaltisches Biographisches Lexikon 1710–1960 (Cologne, 1970), p. 876.

Courland Governor’s Ofce Record group Courland Governor’s Ofce Kurzemes Gubernatora kanceleja Reference code : 412 Period : 1680–1918 Extent : 29438 items Abstract The vast archives of the Ofce of the Courland Governor consist of correspondence and various decrees, ordinances, instructions, reports, etc., concerning administration, public order, economy and manifold other elds related to life in the Courland Guberniya (province) of the Russian Empire from the last years of the eighteenth century to the early twentieth century. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1795–1800 : Latvia, Russia, various countries : High German, Russian

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The record group contains several dozen relevant items partly dating from the last ve years of the eighteenth century. MATERIALS CONCERNING TRADE AND CUSTOMS • •

• •

• •

Ordinances and correspondence dealing with trade and export restrictions (inventory no. 2: item 175; inventory no. 8: item 101). Reports from municipal authorities about (non-)existent agencies of foreign trading companies in the towns of Courland in 1800 (inventory no. 2: item 176). Overviews of the commodity prices in the province (inventory no. 2: items 275–282). Balances of income and expenditures from the towns of Liepaja and Ventspils, also including general information about revenues from meters, weighers and appraisers of trading goods as well as salaries paid to these ofcials by the town (inventory no. 2: items 731, 744). Papers including a report of the customs house in Liepaja about toll revenues in 1795 (inventory no. 2: item 116). Papers about the movement of coins and money debasement (inventory no. 2: item 259).

MATERIALS DEALING WITH SHIPPING AND HARBOUR ACTIVITIES • • • • •

Registers of incoming and outgoing ships at the harbours of Liepaja and Ventspils (inventory no. 2: items 215, 226; inventory no. 8: item 96). Correspondence about the guarding of the harbours of Liepaja and Ventspils (inventory no. 2: item 213). Papers concerning the economising of timber for the needs of shipbuilding (inventory no. 7: item 204). Correspondence concerning shipwrecks at the coast of Courland (inventory no. 2: item 214; inventory no. 7: item 205). Copies of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century treaties concerning lighthouses in Kolka (Domesnäs) and Ovisi (Lyserort) (inventory no. 7: item 476).

MATERIALS CONCERNING MIGRATION AND MOBILITY OF VARIOUS PEOPLE, INCLUDING FOREIGN AND NATIVE MERCHANTS •

Passport registers, also listing names, occupations and destinations of travelling persons (inventory no. 5: items 393, 510d).

latvia state historical archives • •

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Correspondence concerning foreigners in Courland (inventory no. 7: item 339). Registers and overviews about arriving and departing persons (inventory no. 7: item 341; inventory no. 8: item 96).

Accessibility Eight inventories, of which are relevant nos. 2, 5, 7 and 8, in Latvian or in Russian and German. Record creator / provenance In 1795 Duke Peter Biron resigned the Throne of the Duchy of Courland, and Semigallia and its territory (the western part of modern-day Latvia) were obtained by Russia. Peter von Pahlen was appointed to the post of Governor-General of Courland and under his rule (until 1797) the new governmental system was established. The rst Civil Governor of Courland was Mathiass Lambsdorff, appointed in 1796. He was the highest local ofcial and supervisor of all administrative, nancial, economic and military ofces in the rather bureaucratic Guberniya. He headed the Guberniya administration as well as several subcommissions of the administration. The Governor’s Chancery or Ofce, located in Jelgava (Mitau), was in charge of matters to be taken up by the Governor personally, for example the Guberniya’s annual reports, military matters, condential and urgent issues, etc. In 1915, when Courland was occupied by German forces, the authorities of the Courland Guberniya were evacuated to Tartu and subsequently abolished. Custodial history The archives of the Courland Governor were evacuated from Jelgava to Tartu in 1915 and forwarded to Kazan in Russia in 1917. After the peace treaty between Latvia and Russia in 1920, the records were brought back to Latvia and became part of the State Historical Archives. During the German occupation in 1944, the archives were brought to Troppau (Opava in the Czech Republic), whence they were returned after the end of World War II. Publications • •

Amburger, E., Behördenorganisation Russlands von Peter dem Grossen bis 1917 (Leiden, 1966). , ..,          [From the history of archival affairs in Latvia] (Riga, 1981).

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    [A complete collection of the laws of the Russian Empire], Vols. I–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830).

Courland Guberniya Administration Record group Courland Guberniya Administration Kurzemes guberas valde Reference code : 96 Period : 1795–1917 Extent : 64850 items Abstract This large record group contains various materials (decrees, ordinances, minute books, registers, reports, correspondence, etc.) concerning manifold spheres of life in the Courland Guberniya (province) of the Russian Empire from the last years of the seventeenth century to the early twentieth century, when the administration was the highest administrative and executive authority in the Guberniya. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1795–1800 : Latvia, Russia, various countries : High German, Russian

Inventories nos. 1 and 6 contain several dozen relevant items partly dating from the last ve years of the eighteenth century. The most relevant items may be categorised as follows: MATERIALS CONCERNING TRADE AND CUSTOMS • • •

Papers concerning export prohibitions for grain and vodka, 1795–1806 (inventory no. 6: items 2, 360, 361, 1069). Papers concerning import prohibitions, 1800 (inventory no. 1: items 939, 1016). Materials concerning smuggling at the coasts of Courland and the collection of nes, 1797–1800 (inventory no. 1: items 471, 723, 1053; inventory no. 6: items 767, 775).

latvia state historical archives • • • •

• •

793

Decrees concerning toll taxes, import and transit trade, etc., 1797–1811 (inventory no. 6: items 207, 358, 765). Reports about revenues of the town of Liepaja, 1797–1800 (inventory no. 6: item 331). Reports about commodity prices in the town of Liepaja, 1798 (inventory no. 1: item 804). Correspondence dealing with tax exemptions in the harbour of Ventspils for the timber export of Count Von Behr, 1797 (inventory no. 1: item 557). Correspondence concerning the appraising of ax, 1797 (inventory no. 6: item 768). Papers dealing with exchange rates and the movement of coins in Courland, 1796 (inventory no. 1: items 29, 75).

MATERIALS CONCERNING SHIPPING AND HARBOUR ACTIVITIES • • •

Decree concerning the arrest of ships owned by citizens of Hamburg, 1799 (inventory no. 6: item 359). Correspondence concerning shipwrecks at the coasts of Courland, 1797 and 1800 (inventory no. 1: items 473, 924, 1103). Report from the town of Liepaja concerning an accident during the unshipping of salt, 1799 (inventory no. 1: item 855).

MATERIALS CONCERNING MIGRATION AND MOBILITY OF VARIOUS PEOPLE, INCLUDING FOREIGN AND NATIVE MERCHANTS • •

Reports from customs houses and municipal authorities concerning transit passengers, 1798 (inventory no. 1: item 694). Correspondence dealing with passport issues to individual merchants or their assistants, 1799 (inventory no. 1: items 902, 904).

In addition, there are a number of other items, concerning inland trade and the buying up of goods in the countryside (for instance for export). Inventory no. 7 comprises various registers as well as recordkeeping and bookkeeping materials of the Guberniya administration. Accessibility 11 inventories, of which are relevant no. 1 (in Russian, 1969) and no. 6 (in Latvian, 1967).

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Record creator / provenance In 1795 Duke Peter Biron resigned the Throne of the Duchy of Courland, and Semigallia and its territory (the western part of modern-day Latvia, in German called Kurland, in Latvian Kurzeme) were obtained by Russia. Peter von Pahlen was appointed to the post of Governor-General of Courland and under his rule (until 1797) the new governmental system was established. The highest administrative and executive authority in the rather bureaucratic province was the Guberniya administration, located in Jelgava (Mitau). It had to enforce laws and decrees, guarantee the internal order, supervise various provincial ofces, agencies and courts, etc. The administration was headed by a governor and further consisted of a vice-governor, several counsellors and inspectors, who supervised various branches of the economy. The staff of the Administration expanded during the nineteenth century and separate agencies for specic branches were established. The Guberniya administration was subordinated to the Governor-General of the Baltic area (1801–1876), the Senate and since 1802 increasingly to the Ministry of the Interior as well. In 1915, when Courland was occupied by German forces, the authorities of the Courland Guberniya were evacuated to Tartu and subsequently abolished. Custodial history A re in the castle of Jelgava in 1919 caused signicant losses to the archives of the Courland Guberniya administration. Fortunately, after the beginning of World War I part of the records had been evacuated from Jelgava to Tartu and forwarded to Kazan in Russia. After the peace treaty between Latvia and Russia in 1920, these records were brought back to Latvia. During the German occupation in 1944, the archives were transferred to Troppau (Opava in the Czech Republic), whence they returned after the end of World War II. The materials of various branches and departments of the Guberniya administration now form separate record groups in the Latvia State Historical Archives (for example with reference codes 97, 413, 414 and 425). Related materials The minute book of the Courland Guberniya administration from the year 1798 is to be found among the records of Livland Guberniya administration (reference code: LVVA 4; inventory no. 13: item 2).

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Publications • • •

Amburger, E., Behördenorganisation Russlands von Peter dem Grossen bis 1917 (Leiden, 1966). , ..          [From the history of archival affairs in Latvia] (Riga, 1981).   

    [A complete collection of the laws of the Russian Empire], Vols. I–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830).

Courland Guberniya Chamber Board Record group Courland Guberniya Chamber Board Kurzemes guberas Kamerlvalde Reference code : 472 Period : 1650–1919 Extent : 71703 items Abstract The archives of the Chamber Board consist of decrees, ordinances, reports, correspondence, various recordkeeping and bookkeeping materials, etc., dealing with state property, incomes and expenditures, economic activities, population statistics and other nancial matters in the Courland Guberniya (province) of the Russian Empire. The record group also comprises a number of records concerning the administration of the Duke’s manors in Courland before 1795. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1795–1800 : Latvia, Russia, various countries : High German, Russian

Relevant are several items from the last years of the eighteenth century. First and foremost there are materials dealing with the functioning of customs houses (inventory no. 7: items 941–957, 8491, 8492). These items, which provide data on customs revenues and the reorganisation of the customs system in Courland, pertain, however, not only to the ports but also to the inland customs houses.

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Other relevant items include correspondence, cost estimates and expenses lists concerning the harbour construction in Liepaja and Ventspils (inventory no. 7, items 5752, 5753). Furthermore, the record group contains reports and overviews from town magistracies and treasure ofces in the Courland Guberniya as well as materials concerning the physical condition and landed property of the customs ofces (Lizenthof ) in Ventspils and Liepaja (with some papers dating from the 1720s). Accessibility Eleven inventories, in Latvian, German or Russian. Record creator / provenance The Chamber Board (in Russian  

    , in German Kameralhof ) was established after the incorporation of Courland into Russia in 1795. Headed by a vice-governor, it became the highest economical institution in the Courland Guberniya with far-reaching duties concerning state property and nancial matters, including the registration of tax-payers, tax and customs collection, control over the salt and alcohol trade, administration of state manors, forests and buildings, etc. District treasuries and customs houses came under its authority as well. During the nineteenth century, however, the Chamber Board ceded some areas of authority to newly established organs, such as the Board of Domains (1841), Excise Board (1865) and Control Board (1865). The Chamber Board was subordinated to the Courland Guberniya administration and the Senate, and, since 1802, the Ministry of Finance. During World War I it was evacuated to the interior of Russia to be abolished in 1918. Custodial history The records of the Chamber Board were among the Latvian archival materials that were evacuated to Troppau (Opava in the Czech Republic) by German occupying forces in 1944. Publications • •

Amburger, Erik, Behördenorganisation Russlands von Peter dem Grossen bis 1917 (Leiden, 1966).   

    [A complete collection of the laws of the Russian Empire], Vols. I–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830).

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Courland Society for Literature and Art and the Courland Provincial Museum Record group Courland Society for Literature and Art and the Courland Provincial Museum Kurzemes literatras un mkslas biedrba un Kurzemes provinces muzejs Reference code : 5759 Period : 1338–1939 Extent : 1508 items Abstract This record group includes minutes, correspondence, catalogues and other documents about the establishment, activities and nances of the Courland Society for Literature and Art as well as the Courland Provincial Museum (described in inventory no. 1). In addition, the record group contains a collection of various manuscripts and other records that were gathered by the Society and the Museum and date from the fourteenth to twentieth centuries (described in inventory no. 2). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1604–1800 : Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, the Netherlands, various countries : French, High German, Latin

Inventory no. 2 lists the following relevant items: •

•

• •

14, 111: Various court minutes, complaints, treaties and other records from the harbour towns of Liepaja (Libau) and Ventspils (Windau), also containing information about merchants and their activities and possessions, 1604–1811. 127, 128, 139: Tariffs of customs and excise in Courland and the Duke’s regulations about the customs collection by ofcials (Strandvogt), 1690, 1739. 327: Copybook of letters sent by an unknown merchant, 1782–1783. 379: Letters from Jakob Brandt in Amsterdam to Vahrenhorst & Elswick in Liepaja concerning the trade in grain, hemp, etc., 1730–1745.

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•

•

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515: The Duke of Courland’s trade regulations (Wett-Puncte) for the town of Liepaja, 1710. 537, 549, 551: Records of the Blue Guard of unwed merchants in Liepaja, containing a list of members with some information about the migration and corporative institutions of merchants, 1750–1782. 1114: Autobiography of Berendt Kedting (born in Lübeck in 1628 and moving to Courland in 1640), containing some information about the migration of merchants and the organisation of their business. 1122: Itinerary of Heinrich von Offenberg, ofcial in the Duchy of Courland, describing his journey from Berlin through Hannover to the Netherlands (1786). 1220, 1221: Tabular overview of the export and import in the harbours of Liepaja (1700 and 1739–1845) and Ventspils (1795–1845), compiled by H. Henny in 1851 and containing data about the assortments of goods, number of ships and quantity of paid customs.

Furthermore, other relevant documents concerning trade, towns and merchants are included, especially in series such as Akten und Staatsschriften (items 1–221), Chroniken (420–425), Kurland (900–924) and Riga (1084–1094), which contain decrees, copies of privileges, historical descriptions and various other records. Accessibility Two inventories: no. 1 in Latvian (1961), no. 2 in German (1967), with supplements in Russian and Latvian. Inventory no. 3 of the record group with reference code 7363 (manuscript collection concerning Baltic history) can be used as an additional nding aid for the Society’s manuscript collection. This inventory (1960) often contains more precise titles and a more consistent thematic division of items that were moved to the record group of the Courland Society for Literature and Art and the Courland Provincial Museum later on. Record creator / provenance The Courland Society for Literature und Art (Kurländische Gesellschaft für Literatur und Kunst) was founded by German scholars and ofcials in 1818 in Jelgava (Mitau), the capital city of the Courland Guberniya (province). Its aims were to promote the development of science and art in Courland. Members of the Society were active in many elds, but in the course of time it focused more and more on local history.

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In 1818, the Society initiated the establishment of the Courland Provincial Museum in Jelgava. The Society and the Museum, which had common authorities from the 1880s onward, became a centre for the collection of manuscripts as well as other historical items and pictures relating to the Courland area. The Society also stimulated the foundation of the Courland Provincial Archives in 1903. The Society’s activities are reected in the following journals: • • • • •

Jahresverhandlungen der kurländischen Gesellschaft für Literatur und Kunst (1819–1822). Sendungen der kurländischen Gesellschaft für Literatur und Kunst (1840–1847). Arbeiten der kurländischen Gesellschaft für Literatur und Kunst (1847– 1851). Sitzungsberichte der kurländischen Gesellschaft für Literatur und Kunst und Jahresbericht des Kurländischen Provinzialmuseums (1864–1937). Jahrbuch für Genealogie, Heraldik und Sphragistik (1894–1930).

In the late 1930s, the Society was renamed German Scholastic Society of Courland and Semigallen. It ceased to exist as a consequence of the resettlement of Baltic Germans to Germany in 1939. Subsequently, the Museum for History and Art in Jelgava (ederta Eliasa Jelgavas vstures un mkslas muzejs) was established on the basis of the Provincial Museum. Custodial history In 1935, according to the law expanding the scope of archival jurisdiction, the State Archives of Latvia accessioned historical collections from German cultural societies in Latvia, including the manuscript collection of the Courland Society for Literature and Art and the Courland Provincial Museum. During the process of repatriation of Baltic Germans, however, the bulk of the collection as well as other papers of the Society were taken to Pozen (Poznan in Poland), where the Center for Baltic-German Culture (Sammelstelle für baltendeutsches Kulturgut) was established. In the 1950s, the records were brought back to the Archives in Riga. The historical manuscripts were initially included in the broad archival collection concerning Baltic history (with reference code no. 7363), but in the second half of the 1960s, they were moved to the separate record group of the Courland Society for Literature and Art and the Courland Provincial Museum and now make up the materials described in inventory no. 2.

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Copies A small part of the records has been microlmed in 1940. The microlms are now available at the Herder-Institute in Marburg (see www.herderinstitut.de). Publications •

•

•

Lenz, W., “Zu den Umsiedlungsverhandlungen mit Estland und Lettland 1939 bis 1941”, in: Buch und Bildung im Baltikum: Festschrift für Paul Kaegbein zum 80. Geburtstag, eds. H. Bosse, O.-H. Elias and R. Schweizer (Schriften der Baltischen Historischen Kommission, Vol. 13) (Münster, 2005), pp. 599–622. Schlau, W. “Die Kurländische Gesellschaft für Literatur und Kunst und das Kurländische Provinzialmuseum in Mitau”, in: Baltische Hefte, 14 (1968), pp. 5–107. Weiss H., “Die historischen Gesellschaften”, in: Geschichte der Deutschbaltischen Geschichtsschreibung, ed. G. Rauch (Cologne, 1986), pp. 121–123.

Courland Supreme Aulic Court Record group Courland Supreme Aulic Court Kurzemes galma virstiesa Reference code : 581 Period : 1571–1889 Extent : 42885 items Abstract The record group comprises minutes, registers, and court les, dealing with wide-ranging civil and criminal cases and appeals of judgements. The materials provide extensive information on judicial, social and cultural history, as well as on the history of manors in Courland from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1638–1794 : Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Latin

Relevant rst and foremost is inventory no. 14, as it comprises appellate court les, concerning towns and town dwellers. A large part of items pertaining to the towns of Liepaja (items 405–563, dating from 1638–1794) and Ventspils (items 564–609, dating from 1642–1792) deals with various trading conicts, such as debt commitments, disputes about the quality of goods and about efforts of foreign tradesmen and skippers to purchase goods from landlords and peasants without mediation of domestic merchants, etc. Involved in the legal proceedings are merchants and skippers from Lübeck, Hamburg, Amsterdam, Klaipeda (Memel), Kolobrzeg (Kolberg), Riga, etc., as well as consuls of Sweden (inventory no. 14: item. 558) and Denmark (inventory no. 14: item 552) in Liepaja. As the les may often contain documentary evidence (including copies of treaties, invoices, bills), they provide also some data on transaction costs, cargoes and individual transactions. In addition, relevant may be the court les concerning criminal cases (inventory no. 11, dating from 1607 to 1795), for instance: • •

3: File concerning malfeasances of the Liepaja customs ofcial (Strandvogt) H. Dünniess, 1669–1670. 41, 42: Files concerning the distribution of counterfeit money, 1664– 1667.

Accessibility Fifteen inventories, compiled in the 1930s in German (nos. 1–9) or in 1972 (no. 9) and 1978 (nos. 10–15) in Latvian. Record creator / provenance The Supreme Aulic Court (Oberhofgericht, during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries generally called Hofgricht or Obergericht) was the highest judicial institution in the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia, and subsequently in the Courland Guberniya. The Court developed step by step after the elaboration of the Formula Regiminis in 1617. As the rst instance Supreme Aulic Court, it dealt with civil and the gravest criminal matters

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that pertained to nobles and ofcials. It was the court of appeal for local courts (Hauptmannsgerichte) and town magistracies. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Court consisted of several ducal councillors and lawyers that passed judgements in the name of the Duke. The judgements could be revised only by the king’s court in Warsaw. After Courland was taken over by Russia in 1795, one could appeal against its judgements to the Senate in St. Petersburg. The Supreme Aulic Court was dissolved in 1889 during the reorganisation of the court and municipal government system in the Baltic provinces. Custodial history The nineteenth-century records as well as part of the eighteenth-century records were transferred to the Latvia State Archives in 1920s. During World War II they suffered signicant losses, caused by the evacuation to Troppau (Opava in the Czech Republic) in 1944. The oldest records of the Supreme Aulic Court from the Duchy’s period (until 1795) were given to the Courland Knighthood in the late nineteenth century. Subsequently, they became part of the Courland Provincial Archives, founded in 1903. Together with other materials of the Provincial Archives they were transferred to Germany in 1919 and deposited in the Prussian Secret Central Archives (Preußisches Geheimes Staatsarchiv) in Berlin in 1938. During World War II these records were stored away in salt mines in Staßfurt and later transferred to the Merseburg division of the Central Archives of the German Democratic Republic (Abteilung des Deutschen Zentralarchivs in Merseburg). The Latvia State Historical Archives received the Courland Provincial archives in 1971 and the records of the Courland Supreme Aulic Court now make up inventories nos. 10 to 15 of record group no. 581. Copies Some registers have been microlmed in Riga in 1940. They are now available at the Herder-Institute in Marburg, see: www.herder-institut.de. Publications • •

Bunge, F.G., Geschichte des Gerichtswesens und Gerichtsverfahrens in Liv-, Est- und Curland (Reval, 1874). Krajevska, B., and T. Zeids, “Zwei kurländische Archive und ihre Schicksale”, in: Das Herzogtum Kurland 1561–1795, eds. E. Oberländer and I. Mis ns (Lüneburg, 1993), pp. 13–28.

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• •

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Stavenhagen, O., “Bericht des Direktors des kurländischen Landesarchivs an den Landtag von 1906”, in: Jahrbuch für Genealogie, Heraldik und Sphragistik, 1904 (Jelgava, 1906), pp. 176–181. Stavenhagen, O., “Das kurländische Landesarchiv in Mitau”, in: Arbeiten des Ersten Baltischen Historikertages zu Riga 1908 (Riga, 1908), pp. 286–299. , ..,          [From the history of archival affairs in Latvia] (Riga, 1981).    ! "   # " # # [Corpus of local laws of the Baltic provinces], Vol. 1 (St. Petersburg, 1845), pp. 197–203.

Dukes of Courland Archives Record group Dukes of Courland Archives Kurzemes hercogu arhvs Reference code : 554 Period : 1352–1848 Extent : 5690 items Abstract The archives of the Dukes of Courland comprise documents pertaining to the Duchy of Courland and Semigallen and the Dukes’ dynasties. The records have been created by the Dukes themselves, as well as by the highest administrative and estate organs of the Duchy: the Chancellery, the Chamber and the Diet. The documents (privileges, agreements, correspondence, orders, reports, etc.) reect the legal and economic situation of the Duchy, administration and nances, relations between the Duke and the nobility, the dynastic and economic policy of the Dukes, diplomacy and contacts with Poland-Lithuania, Sweden, Russia, England, France, the Netherlands, Denmark, the German territories, etc. The record group also contains several records of the Livonian Order from the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

: 1561–1795 : Denmark, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries

804 Languages

latvia : Danish, Dutch, French, High German, Latin, Russian, various languages

Information about trade and shipping is to be found in the records of the Chancellery and the Chamber, in various parts of the Dukes’ correspondence and in ordinances of the Diets. Below, however, only the most relevant groups of items and only some general issues of their contents are mentioned. Most of the relevant records date from the period between the early or mid-seventeenth century and the late eighteenth century. An important part of the materials in inventory no. 1 consists of documents concerning the Duchy’s contacts to Poland, Sweden, Germany (especially Brandenburg), Russia and Denmark, as well as the Netherlands and other countries beyond the Baltic Sea region. These documents are grouped according to the reigning periods of the Dukes. The proportion of the materials concerning trade and shipping is especially large in the section about the relations of Duke Jacob (1642–1682) with the Netherlands (inventory no. 1: items 707–723), which includes letters of merchants and the Duke’s foreign representatives, A. Vicqfort, H. Member, N. de Bijem, A. Cogan, P. de Volkershoven, J. van der Velde, J. van Racy and others from The Hague and Amsterdam. Contacts between Courland and the Netherlands remained important later on (inventory no. 1: items 1013–1016, 1023, 1026, 1217, 1218, dating from the years 1674–1716). Other items pertain to trade contacts and diplomacy between Courland and Riga, Russia, Poland, Lithuania, etc. (inventory no. 1: items 1833, 1834; inventory no. 2: item 3161; inventory no. 3: items 1908–1914). Various treaties, reports, petitions and bills reect trade regulation, trade routes, the assortment of goods, etc. (inventory no. 1: items 844, 845, 945, 1215, 1811; inventory no. 2: item 3218; inventory no. 3: items 1941–1960). Information about trade regulations and merchants may also be found in records regarding relations between the Duke and various towns in Courland including the ports of Liepaja and Ventspils (inventory no. 1: items 342–345, 947, 1757, 1764, 1765, 1808, 1817, 1818, 1836, 1837, 2420, 2890; inventory no. 2: items 3156, 3157; and in particular inventory no. 3: items 1859–1900, dating from the years 1562–1795). Other relevant papers (decrees, reports, bills, shipping lists, etc.) are to be found among items pertaining to harbour construction, taxes, shipping movements and cargoes in Liepaja and Ventspils (inventory no. 1: items 1216, 1219c, 1810, 1813; inventory no. 2: item 3160; inventory no. 3: items 1916–1932). Similar records are available that deal with topics concerning navigation and shipping from the late sixteenth to the late eighteenth century (inventory no. 1: items 1219b; inventory no. 2: item 3159; inventory no.

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3: items 1901–1907). Inventories, account books, ship’s journals, etc., give information about ships and their crews (inventory no. 1: items 340, 638, 833, 850c, 1026–1028, 1032, 1204; inventory no. 3: item 1936). Petitions, reports and decrees related to shipwrecks contain information about ship chartering and cargoes (inventory no. 1: item 946; inventory no. 2: item 3165; inventory no. 3: items 1937–1940; dating from 1576–1794). Information on the migration of craftsmen from the Netherlands and Germany and on the exchange of information is to be found in records about the management of the Duchy’s shipyards (inventory no. 2: item 3148; inventory no. 3: items 1754–1760; dating from 1640–1792) and sailmakers’ workshops (inventory no. 2: item 3149; inventory no. 3: items 1763–1765: dating from 1693–1773). In the course of the seventeenth century, a system of trade duties and taxes, paid in favour of the Duke, was established. The Lizent was a customs duty paid on all goods shipped over sea. The Akzise was a tax paid on trade in beverages and food. Another duty, Zoll, was paid on goods transported inland, for example from Lithuania to Riga. The archives also contain a large number of records concerning the activities of tax and customs ofces and of special ofcials in harbour towns (Strandvogt) who supervised tax collection and the logistics of the Duke’s eet and operated as his trade agents. These records contain information about toll and tax policies, trade volumes, cargoes, etc. (inventory no. 1: items 831, 832, 2414, 2416, 2783–2787, 2848, 2849, 2859, 2928, 2929; inventory no. 2: items 3219, 3167–3173; inventory no. 3: items 1961–2062). In addition, the following items are relevant: •

• • •

•

Collection of drawings by J. Streck, depicting the ships of Ventspils shipyard, mid-seventeenth century, grisaille technique (inventory no. 1: item 850d). Account book of unknown origin with data about dealings in Courland, 1698–1699 (inventory no. 1: item 1030). Several account books of the trading company “Witte and Huecke” in Liepaja (inventory no. 2: items 3158, 3162–3164). Treaties, reports and correspondence with the King of Denmark about trade privileges in Iceland and ore mining in Norway, 1639–1688 (inventory no. 1: item 731; inventory no. 2: item 3146). Correspondence about expeditions and colonies in East India, Africa and South America (inventory no. 1: items 616, 724, 849, 850, 1025, 2621, 2739; inventory no. 2: items 2982, 3179–3182; inventory no. 3: items 387–392).

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Accessibility The materials are described in three inventories: 1. in Russian and Latvian, based on the catalogue of the Duke’s archives published in 1903, with supplements from the 1930s–1970s. 2. in Latvian, drawn up around 1930s, with supplements from the 1960s– 1980s. 3. in Latvian (1982). $ %#  &  [The ducal archives in Jelgava] (Jelgava, 1903), a systematic inventory with introductory survey, chronologically organised according to the successive dukes of Courland. The materials now constitute the base of inventory no. 1 in the Latvia State Historical Archives, though there have been many losses and changes since 1903. Record creator / provenance In 1561 Gothard Ketler, the last Grand Master of the Livonian Branch of the Teutonic Order, became a vassal of the Polish-Lithuanian rulers and was appointed as Duke of Courland and Semigallen (nowadays the territory of Latvia west of the Daugava River). The dynasty of the Ketlers (1561–1737) and later the Birons (1737–1795, with intervals) ruled the Duchy until 1795, when as a result of the third partition of Poland-Lithuania this territory was included into the Russian Empire as the Courland Guberniya (province) (in German Kurland, in Latvian Kurzeme). The Dukes, especially Jacob (1642–1682), tried to strengthen their sovereignty and minimise their dependence on the Polish-Lithuanian rulers and the Courland nobility, and developed many economic activities based on mercantile principles, such as the foundation of factories, shipyards in Ventspils (Windau) and Liepaja (Libau), and colonies in Tobago and Gambia. With respect to foreign affairs, the Duchy tried to be neutral, although it still got involved in various seventeenth- and eighteenth-century military conicts between Poland and Sweden, and in the course of the eighteenth century it was gradually absorbed into the Russian sphere of inuence. During almost the entire period of the Duchy, its capital, Chancellery and archives were located at Jelgava (in German Mitau). Custodial history As a result of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century military conicts, the archives of the Dukes of Courland were brought to Sweden and Riga by the Swedes several times as spoils of war. After resigning from the throne,

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the last Duke, Peter Biron, brought part of the eighteenth-century documents to his new residence in Silesia. In 1797, the archives of the Dukes of Courland were divided into three parts and handed over to the Courland Guberniya Administration (Gouvernement Kurland), the Courland Chamber board (Kameralhof ) and the Courland Supreme Aulic Court (Oberhofsgericht). The catalogue of the materials handed over to the Courland Guberniya Administration was rst drawn up by Theodor Schiemann in 1881, and in 1903 by a special, so-called “Dukes of Courland archives systematising commission”. In 1909 these materials were brought to St. Petersburg and included in the archives of the State Council, to be handed over to Latvia in 1929. During the German occupation in 1944, the archives were brought to Troppau (Opava in the Czech Republic). After the war only part of these documents was returned to Riga, which now make up inventory no. 1 of record group no. 554. The bulk of the documents in the archives of the Dukes of Courland that were handed over to the Courland Chamber board, mostly papers pertaining to nancial and economic issues, were treated as waste paper and were destroyed. Another part of the documents, those handed over to the Courland Supreme Aulic Court, were included in the Courland Provincial Archives, founded in 1903. In 1919 these archives were brought to Lübeck, and later to Rostock. In 1938 they were handed over as a deposit to the Prussian Secret Central Archives (Preußisches Geheimes Staatsarchiv) in Berlin. During World War II, they, together with other archivalia, were deposited in salt mines in Staßfurt and later transferred to the Merseburg division of the Central Archives of the German Democratic Republic (Abteilung des Deutschen Zentralarchivs in Merseburg). The Latvia State Historical Archives received the archives in 1971. The documents in the archives of the Dukes of Courland that were part of the Courland Provincial Archives, now make up inventory no. 3 of record group no. 554. Visually attractive Item no. 850d in inventory no. 1 contains a collection of drawings by J. Streck (grisaille technique), depicting the ships of Ventspils shipyard and dating from the mid-seventeenth century. Copies Part of the documents (including the correspondence and other documents pertaining to the German territories and Poland) has been microlmed in Riga in 1940. These microlms are now available at the Herder-Institute in Marburg (see: www.herder-institut.de).

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Ill. 9. View of a ship at Ventspils (Latvia), mid-17th century, by Johann Streck, symbolising the ourish of shipbuilding in the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia under Duke Jacob (1642–1682), partly with the help of Dutchmen. Latvia State Historical Archives (Riga): “Dukes of Courland Archives” (reference code: 554), inventory 1, no. 850d (5).

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Related materials As a result of numerous displacements the archives have suffered signicant losses. These documents may be kept at various repositories in a number of countries. Publications • •

•

•

• •

•

$ %#  &  [The ducal archives in Jelgava] (Jelgava, 1903). Diederichs, H., “Das herzogliche Archiv in Mitau”, in: Sitzungeberichte der Kurländischen Gesellschaft für Literatur und Kunst vom Jahre 1896 (1897), pp. 39–43. Eckert, Walter, Kurland unter dem Ein'uss des Merkantilismus: Ein Beitrag zur Staats- und Wirtschaftspolitik Herzog Jakob von Kurland 1642–1682 (Riga, 1927). Krajevska, B., and T. Zeids, “Zwei kurländische Archive und ihre Schicksale”, in: Das Herzogtum Kurland 1561–1795, eds. E. Oberländer and I. Mis ns (Lüneburg, 1993), pp. 13–28. Schiemann, Th., “Das herzogliche Archiv zu Mitau”, in: Archivalische Zeitschrift, 10 (1885), pp. 84–106. Schiemann, Th., “Das herzogliche Archiv zu Mitau”, in: Th. Schiemann, Historische Darstellungen und archivalische Studien. Beiträge zur baltischen Geschichte (Hamburg, Jelgava, 1886), pp. 187–213. Zalsters, A.E., Hercoga Jkaba burinieki [Duke Jacob’s sailing ships] (Riga, 2002).

Estonia, Livonia and Courland Governor-General’s Ofce Record group Estonia, Livonia and Courland Governor-General’s Ofce Vidzemes, Igaunijas un Kurzemes (enerlgubernatora kanceleja Reference code :1 Period : 1762–1904 Extent : 38129 items

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Abstract The archives of the Baltic Governor-General’s Ofce comprise a voluminous record group, which consists of correspondence and various decrees, ordinances, registers, reports, etc., concerning the entire spectrum of political, economical and cultural life in Livonia, Estonia and Courland, as well as (for a shorter period) in the Pskow Guberniya (province). The materials also reect the policy of the Tsarist administration with regard to the Baltic provinces. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1764–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Russian

The record group includes a substantial number of items reecting trade and shipping in the Baltic region. Despite the fact that most of the materials date from the nineteenth century, the inventories numbered 2, 5, 6 and 12 contain more than a hundred relevant items from the last two decades of the eighteenth century as well as several older records. Especially inventory no. 6 contains many relevant papers. Unfortunately, these records are hard to locate as the items in the inventories (except for inventory no. 12) are arranged chronologically. Most of the relevant records are of a regulative nature, but there are miscellaneous reports and overviews with numeral data as well. The records reect various aspects of trade and shipping. The most common records can be categorised as follows: •

• •

•

Records concerning tolls and customs, activities of customs houses, appointments of customs ofcials, exploitation of customs warehouses, etc. Reports with data about arriving and departing ships, passengers and cargo volumes in the harbours of Riga, Liepaja and Tallinn. Materials about the construction of the harbours of Riga and Bolderaja and about navigation on the lower reaches of the Daugava River (as well as the regulation, cleaning and marking of its water course). Decrees and ordinances concerning trade orders and costs in various towns, especially in Riga.

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Complaints and proceedings concerning transactions of individual merchants and trading companies, their debt commitments, business trips, etc. Items concerning supplies of the court in Petersburg with victuals.

Accessibility The materials are described in eleven inventories, numbered 2 to 12, which were compiled in both Latvia and Estonia. All the relevant inventories, i.e. nos. 2, 5, 6 (drawn up around the 1930s) and 12 (1968–1988), are in Russian. Record creator / provenance During the period from 1783 to 1876, both the Estonia (or Tallinn) and Livonia (or Riga) Guberniyas were under the immediate control of one single Governor-General, whose jurisdiction also extended to Courland from 1801 on. He is commonly referred to as Governor-General of the Baltic area (  ##   -"  ), as his authority expanded over the territories of modern-day Estonia and Latvia, except for Lettgallia. From 1824 to 1864 the Pskov Guberniya was also under his control. This function, initially called Governor-General or Namestnik (in German Statthalter, in Russian  ) of Riga and Tallinn, was created in 1783, when the Russian provincial order of 1775 was applied to the two Baltic provinces. According to this order, the local executive and civil administration of the provinces was taken over by Governors and provincial administrations, while the Governor-General became the highest representative of the Tsar. He supervised the highest local authorities, was responsible for the internal and external order, and checked the execution of the Tsar’s orders in the region. Since in the course of time the central administration expanded its inuence in this area, the duties of the Governor-General grew as well. However, no governing body existed to directly serve the Governor-General except his own chancery or ofce and several ofcials. In the nineteenth century, the Governor-General acted as an intermediate between the central authorities in the capital and the Guberniya administration. For that reason, records from his ofce often overlap with materials created at the Guberniya level. The post was abolished in 1876. Custodial history After the post of Governor-General was abolished, part of the records were transferred to the relevant Governors and provincial administrations. Another

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part was sold to paper factories due to a lack of space in the castle of Riga, where most of the materials had been stored. At the beginning of World War I, part of the records were evacuated from Riga to Tartu in Estonia and to Rjazan and Stavropol in Russia, whence they were brought to Estonia in 1920s. As a result, the les are nowadays split between the Estonian Historical Archives and the Latvia State Historical Archives. The records that were not evacuated from Riga suffered losses both in World War I and World War II, when they were brought to the Czech Republic. An effort to divide the records between Estonia and Latvia in accordance with their relevance to the modern-day territories was undertaken during the Soviet period. In 1959, about 30000 items were transferred from Tartu to Riga and now constitute the inventories numbered 5 to 11. The materials of the former inventory no. 1, as well as separate items from inventory nos. 4 and 11 (together more than 1000 items) were transferred to Tartu in 1989. Visually attractive In inventory no. 5, item 3 contains a regulation plan for the Daugava waterway. In inventory no. 6, item 3271 includes plans of the harbours in Bolderaja (Bolderaa) and Paldiski (Baltischport). Related materials •

Estonian Historical Archives (Tartu): Estonia, Livonia and Courland Governor-General’s Ofce (reference code: 291).

Publications • •

• •

Amburger, E. Behördenorganisation Russlands von Peter dem Grossen bis 1917 (Leiden, 1966).

 , .., “         -!" " [The contemporary situation of the archives of the former Riga Governor-General]”, in: ) "! &     *   X +  * . /. 3!" I (Moscow, 1895), pp. 71–76. , . .,          [From the history of archival affairs in Latvia] (Riga, 1981).   

    [A complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire], Vols. I–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830).

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Institute of Latvian History (Archival Collection) Record group Institute of Latvian History (Archival Collection) Latvijas Vstures institts (arhva kolekcija) Reference code : 4060 Period : 1501–1947 Extent : 2061 items Abstract This comprehensive collection consists of archival records (inventories no. 1 and 3) created by various governmental, educational, judicial, ecclesiastical and economic institutions as well as by ofcials active from the sixteenth to twentieth centuries. The collection reects various issues of Latvian history. The bulk dates from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Inventory no. 2 consists of photocopies, made from miscellaneous thirteenth- to twentieth-century records kept in various archives and libraries in Estonia, Poland, Sweden, etc. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1673–1800 : Denmark, Germany, Latvia, various countries : High German, Latin, various languages

Relevant are the following items from inventory no. 1: • • • • • •

165: Materials from the archives of the Livland Guberniya administration concerning goods of the Lübeck merchant J. Schreve, 1795. 189–203: Contracts reecting the sale of real estate in the harbour town of Liepaja, partly concluded between merchants, 1673–1765. 241, 242: Items from the archives of the Livland Guberniya administration concerning the vodka export to Russia, 1799–1800. 581: Decree of Christian, King of Denmark, appointing H. Sorgenfrey to the post of Danish consul in Liepaja, 1784. 616–620: Trading registers and copybooks of outgoing letters from the consulate of Portugal in Riga, 1792–1890. 633, 634: Letters sent to the Wöhrmann family and its trading company in Riga, 1777–1810.

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747: Book listing household expenses of J.J. Sakowski, merchant in Liepaja, 1796–1848.

Furthermore, the remaining material in inventory no. 2 includes copies of various historical records stored in archives in Estonia and Sweden and concerning trade in the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. Accessibility The materials are described in three inventories. Relevant are no. 1 (1979) and no. 2 (based on the former registration book of photocopies received by the Institute), in Latvian. Record creator / provenance The Institute of Latvian History was founded in 1936. After several changes of its name, subordination and aims, it still continues to exist as the Institute of Latvian History at the University of Latvia. According to a law passed in 1936, the Institute was subordinate to the Cabinet of Ministers and the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Latvia. Its aims were research and the popularisation of Latvian history and the collection and publishing of relevant historical sources. By the end of the 1930s, the Institute functioned as a national coordinator of historical science. The Institute also acquired originals and copies of various historical records and gathered information about relevant historical sources stored in archives and manuscript collections in Latvia and abroad. During the German occupation (1941–1944), the Institute was reorganised into a repository of historical records and subjected to the State Historical Archives. Custodial history From 1939 onward, archival records from the Institute of Latvian History were handed over to the State Historical Archives. This transfer was not systematic, however, and the collection was split. In 1979–1981 a separate record group (no. 4060) was created and the collection was unied again. Related materials Papers of the Institute of Latvian History containing data on the formation of the collection, now form a separate record group (no. 1865) in the Latvia State Historical Archives.

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Publications •

Latvijas Vstures Institta Žurnls, 4 (1937), pp. 635–640; 4 (1938), pp. 718–720; 1 (1940) pp. 153–160, containing reports by R. Malvess about the collection and acquisition of archival records.

Liepaja Antiquity Research Society Record group Liepaja Antiquity Research Society Liepjas senatnes pttju biedrba Reference code : 2713 Period : 1592–1928 Extent : 192 items Abstract This record group consists of the statutes of the Society and miscellaneous documents (both originals and copies) accumulated by it. The records mostly date from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and include letters, decrees, minutes and other documents of the Dukes of Courland, the Courland Guberniya Administration, the Liepaja town council, etc. The materials concern various aspects of Liepaja and Courland history. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1625–1800 : Denmark, Germany, Latvia, various countries : High German, Latin

Relevant are several dozens of items dating from the period between the early seventeenth and late eighteenth century. These include privileges and decrees of the Dukes of Courland, various court minutes, petitions, etc., which may contain information about trade regulation, trade conicts and customs in Courland and especially the port of Liepaja. There are also records about shipping, harbour activities and town and customs ofcials. In addition, the following items are relevant: •

10, 11, 13: Records concerning the chartering of the vessel Kurische Post, 1742–1758.

816 • • • • • •

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41, 44, 46: Minutes and other records of the Green Guard of merchants in Liepaja, 1761–1797. 139: Records concerning harbour construction in Liepaja, 1697–1863. 141: Records concerning money circulation in Courland and coins of low value, 1760–1763. 145: Letters of attorney for H. Sorgenfrey, consul of Denmark in Liepaja, 1784. 148: Account book of the customs ofce in the harbour of Liepaja, 1789. 151, 180: Letters of the Lübeck merchant D. Stolterfoht and the Hamburg merchant H. Rucker to merchants in Liepaja, 1793, 1800.

Accessibility Inventory no. 1 (in Latvian) (1966–1976). Record creator / provenance The Liepaja Antiquity Research Society (Libauer Verein für Altertumskunde) was founded by German burghers in 1911. Its aim was to promote the preservation and research of historical sources and monuments in the town of Liepaja (Libau) and the western part of the Courland Province (districts of Grobi#a, Aizpute, Kuld$ga, Talsi and Ventspils). The society established its own museum, which became a section of the Liepaja Town Museum in 1924. The Society ceased to exist in 1939. Part of its collection has been taken to Germany as a consequence of the resettlement of Baltic Germans. Publications •

Weiss, H., “Die historischen Gesellschaften”, in: Geschichte der Deutschbaltischen Geschichtsschreibung, ed. G. Rauch (Cologne, 1986), pp. 121–141.

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Liepaja Customs House

Record group Liepaja Customs House Liepjas muitnca Reference code : 545 Period : 1783–1915 Extent : 1607 items Abstract The record group comprises decrees, minutes, registers and overviews, as well as personal les, concerning the functioning of the customs house, the improvement of the harbour, transactions of merchants and the movement of ships and goods in the harbour of Liepaja (located in the south-west of modern-day Latvia). Most materials date from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Some records pertain to the archives of the chief of the Liepaja customs district. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1783–1800 : Latvia, Russia, various countries : High German, Russian

Only a limited number of items date from the period before 1800. These concern customs and harbour activities and their regulation, as well as individual transactions and complaints of merchants. Inventory 1 • • • • •

1–4: Administration minutes, 1796–1797. 63: Register of incoming letters, 1800. 413–414: Decrees of the Emperor, Commercial Board, etc., 1797 and 1800. 427: Register of receipts and expenditures, listing toll incomes and expenses for the upkeeping and renovation of the harbour, etc., 1788. 477: Reports from the chief of the customs house to the Guberniya authorities concerning the establishment of the customs house, its staff and rst activities, 1795.

818 •

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478: Papers dealing with the inspection of the customs duty registers, 1795.

Inventory 2 •

44–46: Copies of various regulative papers and instructions (sent to the customs house in Riga from 1783 to 1796) that were used by the administration during the reorganisation of the Liepaja customs house.

Accessibility Two inventories (mid-twentieth century), in Latvian (no. 1) and Russian (no. 2). Record creator / provenance Customs duties (Lizent, Anlage) for the benet of the duke of Courland were collected in Liepaja (Libau) since the seventeenth century. The customs system was reorganised after Courland’s incorporation into Russia in 1795. The customs house was supervised by the customs inspector of the Courland Guberniya until 1811, when it became part of the newly established Liepaja customs district. As this district was dissolved in 1869, the Liepaja customs house was included in the Riga customs district. According to the Russian classication, Liepaja had a rst class (highest level) customs house, without restrictions concerning the kind and quantity of goods. It functioned until the invasion of German troops in Courland in 1915. Custodial history The materials were acquired by the State Archives in 1927. Publications •

  

    [A complete collection of the laws of the Russian Empire], Vols. I–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830).

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Limited Partnership A.G. Sengbusch & Co Cork Factory Record group Limited Partnership A.G. Sengbusch & Co Cork Factory Komanditsabiedrbas A.G. Zengbušs un Ko kor=u fabrika Reference code : 3665 Period : 1739–1898 Extent : 283 items Abstract The records comprise bookkeeping and accounting documents, correspondence with business partners and other documents of the Sengbusch family company and cork factory in Riga. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1739–1807 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, High German, various languages

Relevant papers consist of more than fty volumes containing various bookkeeping documents and letters exchanged with partners in Amsterdam, Lübeck, Gothenburg, Stockholm, Gdansk (Danzig), Pärnu, etc. The records document the entire range of business activities of the merchant house and contain data on trade networks, routes, volumes, transaction costs, exchange of information, cargoes, etc. • • • • •

Copies of letters sent to trading partners, 1741–1800 (Briefkopierbücher) (inventory no. 1: items 156–164; inventory no. 2: items 58–61). General ledgers, 1746–1786 (inventory no. 1: items 1–5). Ledgers of personal accounts (Rescontrabücher), 1744–1807 (inventory no. 1: items 26–31). Journals and memorials, 1747–1795 (inventory no. 1: items 41–43, 119–121; inventory no. 2: items 10, 11, 97). Invoice books (Facturbücher), 1739–1804 (inventory no. 1: items 53–61).

820 • • • •

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Books of expenses, 1747–1800 (inventory no. 1: items 83–86). Cashier books, 1770–1793 (inventory no. 1: item 16; inventory no. 2: item 23). Account books, 1756–1804 (inventory no. 1: items 98, 99; inventory no. 2, item 41). Custom books, 1794–1799 (inventory no. 1: item 68).

The book series do not cover the entire period; especially the 1740s and 1750s are not fully represented. Records from the 1740s to 1760s pertain to the companies of “Vethaacke & Krupp” and “Kruse & Senbusch”. Accessibility Two inventories (in Latvian) (1953, 1958); inventory no. 1 lists only groups of records instead of single items. Record creator / provenance The Sengbusch family moved from Mecklenburg to Riga at the beginning of the eighteenth century and got involved in dressmaking. In 1751 Alexander Gottschalk Sengbusch (1738–1800) became an apprentice of the timber merchants A. Gothan, Ladendorff and Vethaacke & Krupp. As an apprentice and companion, he travelled to Lithuania, Denmark and Germany. In 1762 he became a companion of the merchant Sebastian Heinrich Kruse, and from 1769 onward he was the sole owner of the company. In 1783 and from 1792 to 1794, he functioned as elder of the Great Guild, from 1790 to 1796 as head of the town administration, and in 1796 as the town burgomaster. In that same year he was admitted to the nobility (römischer Reichsadel). The heirs and owners of the A.G. Sengbusch company were Conrad Sengbusch (1768–1849), Wilhelm von Sengbusch (1802–1880; he also served as consul general of Sweden and Norway in Riga), and Carl Gustav von Sengbusch (1843–1924). The company was engaged in large-scale trade (being one of the fteen largest export rms in Riga). In the second half of the nineteenth century it turned to cork manufacturing. Publications • •

Lenz, W., et al. (eds.), Deutschbaltisches Biographisches Lexikon 1710–1960 (Cologne, 1970), pp. 725–726. Harder-Gersdorff, E., “Riga im Rahmen der Handelsmetropolen und Zahlungsströme des Ost-Westverkehrs am Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts”, in: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, 44 (1995), p. 530.

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•

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Harder-Gersdorff, E., “‘. . . habe die Ehre vom Passierden im Handel zu berichten . . .’. Preise und Preiskalkül in der Korrespondenz eines Rigaer Kommissionärs an Auftraggeber in Lübeck (1784)”, in: O. Pelc (ed.), Zwischen Lübeck und Novgorod. Wirtschaft, Politik und Kultur im Ostseeraum vom frühen Mittelalter bis 20. Jahrhundert. Norbert Angermann zum 60. Geburtstag (Lüneberg, 1996), pp. 339–351. P%tersone, V., “Krievijas carisma centraliz cijas politika un R$gas tirgot ji 18. gs. beig s [Russian tsarist centralisation policy and the merchants of Riga in the late 18th century]”, in: Latvijas PSR Zintu Akadmijas Vstis, 8 (445) (1984), p. 42.

Livonia Aulic Court Record group Livonia Aulic Court Vidzemes galma tiesa Reference code : 109 Period : 1604–1890 Extent : 20170 items Abstract This vast record group comprises many volumes of decrees, minutes, correspondence, registers, etc., as well as a large number of judgement and court les dealing with civil and criminal cases and providing extensive information on judicial, social and cultural history, in particular on the history of manors and noble families in Livonia, Ösel and (for a shorter period) Ingermanland. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1630–1800 : Estonia, Latvia, various countries : High German

Most of the relevant materials pertain to the judicial review and appeal of judgements, passed in the local courts and especially in the town magistracies of Narva, Pärnu (Pernau) and Kuressaare (Arensburg) in civil cases. These concern debt commitments, breaches of contracts, bankruptcy, losses in shipwrecks, etc. Involved in the proceedings were not only domestic

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and foreign merchants and their companies, but also skippers, landlords and various ofcials. Other items reect conicts between merchants and town authorities with regard to trade orders. A large number of the relevant court les are to be found in inventory no. 2 (1630–1889). The last years of the eighteenth century (from 1797) are covered in inventory no. 11. In addition, volume no. 1 comprises series of volumes, containing minutes, diaries, judgements and registers of the Court as well as decrees from the Swedish King and Russian Senate. Accessibility Twenty inventories, numbered 1–4, 6–17, 21, 28–30, mostly in German, partly in Latvian and Russian. The most relevant of these are the following: • • •

1, drawn up in the early twentieth century, in German. 2, drawn up in the early twentieth century, in German, with personal names and geographical indices covering the period before 1710. 11, the former recordkeeping register from the nineteenth century, in German.

Record creator / provenance The Livonia Aulic Court (Hofgericht) was the highest judicial institution in the province of Livonia. This Supreme Court was established by the Swedish Governor-General in 1630. Until 1702 it was located in Tartu, thereafter in Riga. It continued to function under Russian rule in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, except for a short period of provincial reforms under Catherine II from 1783 to 1797. The Aulic Court consisted of president, vice-president and twelve assessors, most of them being representatives of the Livland Knighthood. As the rst instance Aulic Court, it dealt with civil and the gravest criminal matters of nobles and ofcials. It was the court of appeal for all local courts and town magistracies (except for Riga) in Livonia and Ösel (Saaremaa), and until 1684 also in Ingermanland (Ingria, including the town of Narva). During the seventeenth century, judgements of the Livonia Aulic Court could be revised only by the king’s court in Stockholm. Under Russian rule, one could appeal against its judgements to the Kollegia of Justice in the matters of Livonia and Estonia or (since 1797) to the Senate in Petersburg. The Court was abolished in 1889, when the entire court and the municipal government system of Livland was reorganised.

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Custodial history During the siege of Riga by Russian troops in 1709, the archives of the Livonia Aulic Court were evacuated to Stockholm. They were returned to Riga in 1726. In the 1870s and 1880s, the oldest records (materials from 1630 to 1797) were handed over to the archives of the Livonia Knighthood, where they were ordered and described by Hermann von Bruiningk. The nineteenth-century records were transferred to the Riga District Court after judicial reforms in 1889. Between 1901 and 1908, these materials were also handed over to the Livonia Knighthood. The records of the Aulic Court were acquired by the State Archives in 1920. In 1944 German occupying forces evacuated them to Troppau (Opava in the Czech Republic), whence they returned after the end of World War II. After the war, part of the materials were included in separate record groups of the lower Land Courts (Landgerichte) and the courts from the namestnichestvo period (record groups with, for example, reference codes 110, 112, 7120, 7410 and 7411). The materials described in inventories nos. 8 and 21 (about 300 items) were transferred from the Estonian Historical Archives in 1956 and 1965. Copies Several items have been microlmed in 1940. These microlms are now available at the Herder-Institute in Marburg (see www.herder-institut.de). Publications • • •

• •

Bruiningk, H., Bericht des Sekretärs für historische Quellenstudien und Beaufsichtung des alten Archivs (Riga, 1906), pp. 5, 11–16. Bruiningk, H., Bericht des Direktors des alten Archivs der Livländischen Ritterschaft (Riga, 1911), pp. 5–13. Bruiningk, H., “Das livländische Ritterschaftsarchiv zu Riga”, in: Arbeiten des Ersten Baltischen Historikertages zu Riga 1908 (Riga, 1909), p. 285. Bunge, F.G., Geschichte des Gerichtswesens und Gerichtsverfahrens in Liv-, Est- und Curland (Reval, 1874). , .., “' "

    +"

. / <"  "= "   "

+"

  !> ?= 1889  [On the history of archival affairs in Latvia. The destruction of documentary materials on the history of Latvia in the course of the legal reform of 1889]”, in: Latvijas PSR Zintu Akadmijas Vstis, 12 (113) (Riga, 1956), pp. 43–57.

824 •

• •

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, .., “@"=  "

Q !"           [Documents in the archives of Riga on the history of the Baltic area during the Swedish period]”, in: 

 #  , 3 (Tallinn, 1958), pp. 224–256. , ..,          [From the history of archival affairs in Latvia] (Riga, 1981).    ! "   # " # # [Corpus of local laws of the Baltic provinces], Vol. 1 (Petersburg, 1845), pp. 49–60.

Livonia Governor’s Ofce Record group Livonia Governor’s Ofce Vidzemes Gubernatora kanceleja Reference code :3 Period : 1726–1917 Extent : 29233 items Abstract The vast archives of the Ofce of the Livonia Governor consist of correspondence and various decrees, ordinances, instructions, reports, registers, etc., concerning administration, public order, economy, and manifold other elds related to life in Livonia, especially in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The record group also includes some archival materials from the Riga Guberniya (province) period prior to the Russian provincial reforms of 1783. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1753–1800 : Estonia, Latvia, Russia, various countries : High German, Russian

The record group contains much information about trade and shipping in the Baltic region during the nineteenth century. From the period before 1800, there are only a few dozen items, to be found in the inventories numbered 1, 2, 4 and 5.

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Inventory 1 • •

6: Papers concerning the import of precious metal coins through the customs in Palanga, 1798. 7: Registers listing persons arriving in Riga from foreign countries, containing some information about migration and trade networks, 1798.

Inventory 2 •

71–96: Passport registers listing names, occupations and destinations of travelling persons (including merchants), 1753–1798.

Inventory 4 •

• • • • •

1, 119: Topographical and statistical descriptions of Livonia containing some data about revenues of towns in the province, numbers of storehouses, merchants, etc., 1792–1862. 170, 203, 204: Overviews of exchange rates and commodity prices in Riga and elsewhere in the province, 1766–1791. 216: Reports about shipbuilding on Saaremaa Island and about ships wintering in Riga, 1798–1848. 217: Regulation concerning the control of ships passing the mouth of the Daugava River, 1797. 218: Papers concerning the control of customs houses, 1797. 465: Reports from the customs house in Pärnu about imported saltpetre, 1798–1799, 1808.

Inventory 5 • • • •

1140: Papers concerning systems of measures and weights in Riga and Tallinn, 1737–1844. 1143: Papers concerning export prohibitions on grain and timber, 1798–1799. 1144: List of merchants in Riga, 1798. 1276, 1277: Materials concerning the arrest of ships, the maintenance of the lighthouse in Kolka (Domesnäs), etc., 1794–1801.

Accessibility 10 inventories, compiled in Latvia and Estonia, of which are relevant nos. 1 (drawn up around the 1930s), 2, 4 and 5 (second half of the twentieth century), in Russian or Latvian.

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Record creator / provenance The civil Governor of Livonia (until 1796 Riga) was the highest local ofcial in the Livonia Guberniya (northern modern-day Latvia and southern modernday Estonia) from 1783 to 1917. His status and functions were registered by the Russian provincial reforms under Catherine II. Appointed by the Tsar, the Governor supervised all administrative, nancial, economic and military ofces in the rather bureaucratic Guberniya. He headed the Guberniya administration as well as several subcommissions of the administration. The Governor’s Chancery or Ofce was established around 1800. It was in charge of matters to be taken up by the Governor personally, such as the Guberniya’s annual reports, military matters, condential and urgent issues, etc. The Governor’s post was abolished in March 1917, when the administration of the province was taken over by a commissioner appointed by the provisional government. Custodial history Like materials from other Livonia authorities, the records of the Governor’s Ofce have partly been lost during the nineteenth century, when various documents were sold to paper factories due to a lack of space in the Riga castle. At the beginning of World War I, part of the records were evacuated to Tartu in Estonia and to Rjazan and Stavropol in Russia, whence they were brought to Estonia in the 1920s. As a result, the les are now split between the Estonian Historical Archives and the Latvian State Historical Archives, although materials specically concerning the Latvian territory were returned to Riga in 1959 (nowadays inventories nos. 6–9, about 20000 items). Records that were not evacuated from Riga in 1915 suffered losses in World War I and even more in World War II, when the German occupying forces brought them to Troppau (Opava in the Czech Republic). Related materials •

Estonian Historical Archives (Tartu): Livonia Governor’s Ofce (reference code: 296).

Publications • •

Amburger, E., Behördenorganisation Russlands von Peter dem Grossen bis 1917 (Leiden, 1966). , ..,          [From the history of archival affairs in Latvia] (Riga, 1981).

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    [A complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire], Vols. I–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830).

Livonia Guberniya Administration

Record group Livonia Guberniya Administration Vidzemes guberas valde Reference code :4 Period : 1710–1918 Extent : 118272 items Abstract This large record group comprises various materials, such as decrees, ordinances, minute books, registers, reports, correspondence, etc., concerning manifold aspects of life in the Livonia Guberniya (province) of the Russian empire. The materials mostly date from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, when this administration was the highest administrative and executive authority in the Guberniya. The record group also includes many similar records from the eighteenth century, mostly created by authorities of the former Riga Guberniya (1713–1783) and Riga Province (1783–1796). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1738–1800 : Estonia, Latvia, Russia, various countries : High German, Russian

Most relevant items are to be found in inventory number 1, which contains a large number of complaints and related materials, concerning outstanding contracts, debt commitments and other conicts related to both overseas and inland trade in the last two decades of the eighteenth century. Inventory number 14 also contains more than a hundred items relevant to trade and shipping. Most of these date from the nineteenth century, however, and only some documents cover the last few years of the eighteenth century. These concern the following issues:

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747–752: Trade in grain and timber, smuggling, etc. 791–794: Commodity prices in Riga, Kuressaare and elsewhere in the province. 858: Navigation on the Daugava River, 1796–1819. 859: Rescue works after shipwreck, 1798–1811. 881: Deepening of the mouth of the Pärnu River, 1798.

In addition, the following series may be relevant: • •

•

Various registers and recordkeeping materials (inventory no. 3). Materials regarding passport issues, listing names, occupations and destinations of travelling persons (including merchants), 1738–1800 (inventory no. 7: items 1–161). Minute books, 1797–1800 (inventory no. 13: items 1, 216–237).

Accessibility Fourteen inventories, partly in German and partly in Russian and Latvian. Record creator / provenance After the accession of Paul I to the throne of the Russian Empire in 1796, many administrative elements introduced during the provincial reforms under Catherine II were abolished or transformed. The Riga Provincial Administration (in Russian  +   , in German Statthalterschaftsregierung) was reorganised into the Livonia Guberniya Administration (in Russian "    , in German Gouvernementsregierung). This administration was in charge of administrative and executive matters in Livonia (an area covering the south of Estonia and the north of Latvia, known as Vidzeme). It had to enforce laws and decrees, guarantee the internal order, supervise various provincial ofces, agencies and courts, etc. The administration was headed by a Governor and further consisted of a Vice-Governor, several counsellors and inspectors, supervising various branches of the economy. The administration expanded during the nineteenth century and separate agencies for specic branches were established. The Guberniya Administration was subordinated to the Governor-General of the Baltic area (until 1876), the Senate and from 1802 increasingly to the Ministry of Interior as well. It was abolished after the February Revolution of 1917.

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Custodial history Over the years, the archives of the Guberniya Administration have suffered signicant losses. Part of the materials was sold to paper factories due to a lack of space in the castle of Riga, where the administration was initially located. At the beginning of World War I, part of the records was evacuated from Riga to Tartu in Estonia and to Rjazan and Stavropol in Russia, whence they were brought to Estonia in the 1920s. As a result, the les are nowadays split between the Estonian Historical Archives and the Latvian State Historical Archives (although in 1959 about 25000 items were transferred from Estonia to Latvia). The records that were not evacuated from Riga in 1915, suffered losses both in World War I and World War II, when they were brought to the Czech Republic. Related materials •

Estonian Historical Archives (Tartu): Livonia Guberniya Administration (reference code: 297).

Publications • • •

Amburger, Erik, Behördenorganisation Russlands von Peter dem Grossen bis 1917 (Leiden, 1966). , ..,          [From the history of archival affairs in Latvia] (Riga, 1981).   

    [A complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire], Vols. I–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830).

Livonia Guberniya Chamber Board Record group Livonia Guberniya Chamber Board Vidzemes guberas Kamerlvalde Reference code : 77 Period : 1722–1918 Extent : 48337 items Abstract The archives of the Chamber Board consist of decrees, ordinances, reports, correspondence, various recordkeeping and bookkeeping materials, etc.,

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dealing with state property, incomes and expenditures, economic activities, population statistics and other nancial matters in the Livonia Guberniya (province) of the Russian Empire. The record group also includes a number of records created by nancial ofces in the former Riga Guberniya (1713–1783). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1720–1800 : Estonia, Latvia, Russia, various countries : High German, Russian

The record group contains relevant seventeenth-century reports and overviews from town magistracies, treasure ofces and customs houses in Riga, Pärnu and Kuressaare, which include general data about revenues from customs duties and dues (Portorium, Lizente, Schiffsgelder, etc.). The oldest records date from the 1720s, but until the 1780s there are only isolated materials from single years or even months. These are mostly to be found in inventories nos. 1 (items from the 1720s to the 1790s), 15 and 16 (from the 1780s and 1790s). In addition, there are relevant convolutes of decrees, treaties, correspondence and other papers, concerning for instance the following matters: •

• • •

•

Trade agreement between Russia and Courland and the building of a customs house on the land boundary between Livonia and Courland, 1783 (inventory no. 3: items 1, 3). Storehouses in Riga, 1783–1784 (inventory no. 3: item 4). Trade with Poland, 1784 (inventory no. 3: item 16). Losses of the Mangali (Magnushof ) estate, caused by harbour construction and regulation of the Daugava River, 1799 (inventory no. 11: item 833). Building of storehouses in the harbour of Bolderaja, 1785 (inventory no. 16: item 288).

Accessibility 16 inventories, of which are relevant nos. 1 and 3 (1930s, in German and Russian), and 11, 15 and 16 (1950s-1960s, in Latvian). Record creator / provenance Following the provincial reforms under Catherine II, the newly established Chamber Board (in Russian  

    , in German Kameralhof )

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became the highest nancial and economical institution in the Riga province in 1783. Although many of the innovations created during the so-called namestnichestvo period were abolished after Paul I’s accession to the throne of the Russian Empire in 1796, the Chamber Board retained its functions in the Livland Guberniya. The Board, headed by a vice-governor, was responsible for state property and organised the nancial matters of the Guberniya, including the registration of taxpayers, tax and customs collection, control of trade in salt and alcohol, administration of state manors, forests and buildings, etc. District treasuries and customs houses came under its authority as well. During the nineteenth century, however, the Chamber Board ceded some areas of authority to newly established organs, such as the Board of Domains (1841), Excise Board (1865) and Control Board (1865). The Chamber Board was subordinated to the Livonia Guberniya administration and the Senate, and, from 1802 onward, to the Ministry of Finance. During World War I, it was evacuated to Tartu to be dissolved in 1918. Custodial history The records of the Chamber Board were among the materials evacuated from Latvian archives to Troppau (Opava in the Czech Republic) by German occupying forces in 1944. Visually attractive Item 4 in inventory no. 3 includes a plan of the storehouse territory in Riga, 1784. Related materials •

Estonian Historical Archives (Tartu): Livonia Chamber Board (reference code: 527).

Publications • •

Amburger, Erik, Behördenorganisation Russlands von Peter dem Grossen bis 1917 (Leiden, 1966).   

    [A complete collection of the laws of the Russian Empire], Vols. I–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830).

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Manuscript Collection “Records of Baltic History” Record group Manuscript Collection “Records of Baltic History” Rokrakstu kolekcija “Baltijas vstures dokumenti” Reference code : 7363 Period : 1501–1944 Extent : 2676 items Abstract This manuscript collection consists of miscellaneous documents of various origins, including ancient records closely related to the archives of the Dukes of Courland, the Swedish Governor-General in Livland, various manors, etc., as well as the Riga City Archives. The majority of the records dates from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, however, and is related to historians and ofcials active in the territory of Latvia. Copies of records in various archives abroad may also be found here, as well as articles, annotations and lectures concerning various themes in history, religion, law, etc. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1609–1783 : Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, various languages

Relevant are the following items: •

• • •

Records from the seventeenth century concerning the Dukes of Courland, including letters from the Dukes’ trading representatives in the Netherlands and various papers about trade, shipbuilding, etc. (inventory no. 1: items 634, 647; inventory no. 3: items 438, 439, 441). Minutes of the commission for trade regulation between Courland and Sweden, 1694–1696 (inventory no. 4: item 491). Minutes of the commission for trade and border regulation between Courland and Russia, 1783 (inventory no 4: item 261). Various documents concerning the town of Ventspils (Windau), including decrees, complaints and passports, with information about merchants, skippers and trading conicts in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (inventory no. 3: items 510, 511).

latvia state historical archives •

•

833

Overviews of trade volumes, numbers of arriving ships and paid taxes in the harbours of Riga, Liepaja, Pärnu and Kuressaare, dating from the second half of the eighteenth century (inventory no. 1: item 329; inventory no. 3: items 449, 455). Statement of the Riga town magistracy concerning chandlers, 1649 (inventory no. 1: item 293).

In addition, the record group includes a large number of copies from various other relevant records. Accessibility Four inventories (nos. 1, 3–5), in Latvian or Russian (1957–1970). Custodial history This record group was created at the Latvia State Historical Archives in the 1950s and 1960s. At that time, the bulk of it consisted of important manuscript collections of the former German historical societies in Riga and Jelgava, returned from Troppau (Opava in the Czech Republic) and Posen (Poznan in Poland), where they had been brought during World War II. The record group also included other documents. In the second half of the 1960s, it was decided to reconstruct the manuscript collections of the former historical societies and reunite them with related records. The majority of the items was excluded from the manuscript collection called “Records of Baltic History” and moved to the record groups with reference codes no. 4038 (Society for the History and Antiquities of Riga) and no. 5759 (Courland Society for Literature and Art and Courland Provincial Museum), and to seven other record groups. This record group (no. 7363) still contains valuable materials, however, and a part of them is closely related to the former historical societies and to other record groups in the Latvia State Historical Archives.

Maps and Plans Collection Record group Maps and Plans Collection Karšu un plnu kolekcija Reference code : 6828 Period : 1567–1945 Extent : 13344 items

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Abstract This vast collection comprises different maps and plans of various origins, both printed and manuscript, dating from the second half of the sixteenth century to the mid-twentieth century. Included are maps and plans depicting countries and territories in Latvia, Russia, central and northern Europe, etc. The territory of Latvia is shown on maps and plans of various types (geographical, administrative, military, etc.). The collection also contains maps and plans of towns, manors and farms in Latvia and Estonia. Furthermore, there are images and gures of various buildings, constructions, objects and other items. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1567–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Danish, French, High German, Latin, Russian, Swedish

Most directly relevant to trade and shipping in the Baltic Sea region are the following groups of maps and plans: •

•

•

•

Maps and charts depicting the Baltic Sea and its coastline, countries in northern Europe and around the Baltic sea, and territories in Germany, Russia, Poland and Lithuania, sixteenth, seventeenth and especially eighteenth century, mostly printed (several dozens of items in the inventory numbered 4). Maps showing territories in modern-day Latvia and Estonia, seventeenth and eighteenth century, mostly printed (several dozens of items in the inventories numbered 2, 4 and 6). Plans and prints depicting the siege of Riga by Sweden (1621), the battle of Narva between Sweden and Russia (1700), the battle of Spilve between Sweden, the Saxons and Russia (1701), etc., eighteenth century (inventory number 2: items 379–382; inventory number 4: items 256–260). Maps and plans depicting the Daugava River and navigation conditions on its lower reaches, as well as the fortress of Daugavgriva (Dünamünde), seventeenth and eighteenth century (inventory number 2: items 92–100, 822, 823; inventory number 6: item 4566).

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• •

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Plans, maps and images of Riga, showing its fortications, constructions, bailiwick, location at the Daugava River, harbour, etc., seventeenth and eighteenth century (several dozens of items in the inventories numbered 2 and 6). Plans of the harbour and town of Ventspils in Courland, eighteenth century (inventory number 2: items 473–475). Plans depicting the Estonian harbour towns of Haapsalu (item 593), Kuressaare (Arensburg, item 518), Narva (items 536, 537), Paldiski (Port-Baltique, items 526 to 528), Pärnu (Pernau, items 543–549) and Tallinn (Reval, items 560–564), seventeenth and eighteenth century, mostly manuscripts (several items in the inventory numbered 4).

Accessibility Eleven inventories; relevant of these are nos. 2, 4 and 6 (1962–2005), partly in Latvian and partly in Russian. Visually attractive The collection includes many maps and plans. Publications •

•

•

Jakov\eva, M., “R$gas un t s tuv k s apk rtnes kartes un pl ni k v%stures avots (17.–19. gs. pirm puse) [Maps and plans of Riga and its vicinity as historical source (17th century – 1st half of 19th century]”, in: Latvijas PSR Zintu Akadmijas Vstis, 8 (517) (Riga, 1990), pp. 130–136. ' , ^._., “'"? <   `

?= {"   "   +" > >  ( ` |,  ? ` | <") [Cartographic collections and record groups of the Central State Historical Archives of Latvian SSR]”, in: 

      "    (Riga, 1989), pp. 27–39. Rgas kartes un plni no 17. gs. ldz 19. gs. 60. gadiem [Maps and plans of Riga from the seventeenth century to the 1860s], ed. J. Štrauhmanis (Riga, 1987).

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Ill. 10. Map of Riga, its surroundings and the Daugava River, depicting efforts to regulate the shifting course of the river. Latvia State Historical Archives (Riga): “Maps and Plans Collection” (reference code: 6828), inventory 2, no. 94.

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Ofce of the Chief of the Liepaja Customs District Record group Ofce of the Chief of the Liepaja Customs District Liepjas muitas apgabala Priekšnieka kanceleja Reference code : 546 Period : 1796–1903 Extent : 462 items Abstract The materials consist of decrees, minutes, registers, reports, overviews and correspondence as well as personal les, concerning activities at customs houses and harbours, border control, movement of ships and goods in the Courland Guberniya (province), mostly in the rst half of the nineteenth century. The record group also includes papers of the Courland Customs Inspector dating from around 1800. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1797–1800 : Latvia, Russia, various countries : Russian

Relevant items pertain to the activities of the Customs Inspector of the Courland Guberniya from 1797 to 1800. There are decrees, instructions, circular letters and other regulative papers, sent from various higher bodies to the inspector (items 1–3, 44) or from the inspector to the customs houses (items 97–99, copies). Furthermore, there are reports sent from the customs houses and border examiners (Grenz-Zoll-Aufseher) to the inspector (items 134–138) or from the inspector to higher bodies (items 274–277, copies). In addition to general data about the movement of goods and ships in harbours, they also deal with revenues, staff and salaries in the customs houses. Accessibility Inventory in Russian, with supplements in Latvian (1962–1976). Custodial history After the incorporation of Courland into Russia in 1795, the supervision of its customs houses was taken over by the customs inspector of the Courland

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Guberniya. In 1811 the entire Russian sea and land border was divided into customs districts and accordingly the customs inspector was replaced by the chief of the Liepaja Customs District. The customs inspector was subordinated to the Commercial Board (until 1802) and the Ministry of Commerce, whereas the chief of the customs district was subordinated to the Ministry of Finance. Until 1869, when its territory became part of the Riga customs district, the Liepaja customs district included customs houses in Ventspils (Windau), Liepaja (Libau) and Palanga (Polangen). Publications • •

Amburger, E., Behördenorganisation Russlands von Peter dem Grossen bis 1917 (Leiden, 1966), pp. 230–231.   

    [A complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire], Vols. I–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830).

Ofce of the Swedish Governor-General of Livonia Record group Ofce of the Swedish Governor-General of Livonia Vidzemes zviedru (enerlgubernatora kanceleja Reference code : 7349 Period : 1589–1723 Extent : 772 items Abstract The records of the Swedish Governor-General of Livonia and his ofce include correspondence with the Swedish monarchs and governmental institutions, as well as with ofcials in Livland and private persons. In addition, there are minute books, reports, decrees, treatises and other records on religious, scal, judicial, economic and military affairs and administrative matters of the province. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1589–1710 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Latin, Polish, Russian, Swedish

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The following series may contain relevant documents, but these are hard to nd because of the general descriptions of the materials, especially in inventory no. 1: • •

• •

•

• • • • •

Minute books of the government and chancellery of Livonia, 1662–1705 (inventory no. 1: items 1–26). Journals of outgoing German letters (Deutsche Registratur), 1630–1708 (inventory no. 1: items 27–58; inventory no. 2: items 1–3; inventory no. 3: item 1). Journals of outgoing Swedish letters (Schwedische Registratur), 1634– 1710 (inventory no. 1: items 60–81). Drafts of outgoing letters of the chancellery and chamber (Rentkammer), 1636–1708 (inventory no. 1: items 82–125; inventory no. 2: items 4–15). Royal letters to the Governor-General, 1602–1608, 1624–1723 (inventory no 1: items 126–155; inventory no. 2: items 16–27; inventory no. 3: items 2, 3). Letters from the royal councils and boards (Briefe der königlichen Kollegien), 1635–1709 (inventory no. 1: items 156–176). Documents concerning justice and law, 1621–1720 (inventory no. 2: items 107–117; inventory no. 3: items 29–35). Petitions addressed to the governor (Suppliken), 1623–1689 (inventory no. 1: items 241–266; inventory no. 2: items 118–132). Correspondence, 1625–1720 (inventory no. 1: items 267–269; inventory no. 2: items 133–229; inventory no. 3: items 36–59). Documents concerning the Great Northern War, 1700–1710 (inventory no. 1: items 270–375; inventory no. 2: items 233–249; inventory no. 3: items 60–74).

Besides these, there are records from the ports of Riga, Pärnu and Narva: •

•

Records regarding Riga, containing privileges, letters, passports and listings concerning town income, incoming and outgoing ships and their passengers, trade in grain, masts and other goods, the deepening of the mouth of the Daugava River, etc., 1589–1709 (inventory no. 1: items 177–189; inventory no. 2: items 39–43). Annual reports from Narva, containing data on income, customs and town dwellers, 1646–1693 (with substantial gaps) (inventory no. 1: items 201, 202, 204–213).

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Minute book of the Narva town court, 1662 (inventory no. 1: item 203). Records from Pärnu, 1641–1709 (inventory no. 1: items 197–200).

Furthermore, records in the “Rossica / Polonica” series contain reports from Swedish commissioners, residents and agents in Russia and Poland. In addition to descriptions of the political situation, they give information about trade connections, conicts between merchants, etc. They date from the years 1641–1705 (inventory no. 1: items 229–235; inventory no. 2: items 57–104; inventory no. 3: items 15–27). Other relevant items include the following: • •

•

Inventory no. 1: item 237; inventory no. 2: item 105: Reports and notes about coastal trade in Courland, 1687–1698. Inventory no. 1: items 376–394: General ledgers and account books of the island of Saaremaa (Oesel) with data on the state’s yearly expenses and revenues (including those from trade and toll), 1653–1705. Inventory no. 2: item 251: Account book of the treasury of Riga and Tartu, 1633.

Accessibility The materials are described in three inventories, numbered 1–3, compiled in the 1950s and 1960s in Latvian, Russian and German. They were based on the classication of the catalogue published in 1908 (see below). F. Bienemann, Katalog des Schwedischen Generalgouverneur-Archivs zu Riga (Riga, 1908). A Russian edition, >   “?   ” /, was published in 1911. A special “IDC microche” edition of the German version with a preface and marginal annotations about the present location of the materials has been compiled by Patricia K. Grimsted (Zug, 1980). Record creator / provenance The Governor-General was the representative of the Swedish monarch and the highest local executive ofcial and military authority in the province of Livonia (the northern part of modern-day Latvia and southern part of modern-day Estonia). The ofce was created after the treaty of Altmark between Sweden and Poland in 1629 and abolished after the province had been conquered by Russia in 1710. Between 1629 and 1632 the GovernorGeneral resided in Tartu, thereafter in Riga. Until 1642 he was the supervisor of not only Livonia, but of Ingermanland (Ingria) and Kexholm too.

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The Governor-General was appointed by the monarch and had military, administrative, police and juridical duties. He controlled the work of administrative organisations and the highest ofcials in the province, and supervised courts, municipalities and local nobility as well as tax collection, security and religious affairs. In addition, he had to observe the political situation in Russia and Poland. Custodial history A part of the records was taken to Sweden by the Governors-General Johan Skytte (1629–1634) and Erik Dahlberg (1696–1702), but the bulk of the archives remained in Riga and was stored in the town’s castle. In the course of time, part of the records were lost, when they fell into the hands of collectors or were sold to paper mills. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the remaining records were ordered and described in a published inventory. In 1914 the records were evacuated to Rjazan (Russia), to be transferred to Estonia after the end of World War I, in 1920. Despite Latvian attempts to have them returned to Riga, the archives of the Swedish Governors-General remained in the Estonian Historical Archives in Tartu until World War II. In 1944 the retreating German troops tried to remove a number of the archival holdings from Tartu, including major portions of the archives of the Swedish Governor-General, but the records were recaptured by Soviet troops. During their return journey in 1946, the materials were claimed by the government of Latvia. As a result, the les are now split between the Latvia State Historical Archives and the Estonian Historical Archives. Copies In the 1990s, the record group was microlmed in collaboration with the National Archives of Sweden, as a result of which copies are available there as well. Microlms of the minute books, made in Tartu in 1940, are available at the Herder-Institute in Marburg (see www.herder-institut.de). Related materials • •

Estonian Historical Archives (Tartu): Swedish Governor-General of Livonia (reference code: 278). National Archives of Sweden (Stockholm): Livonica II (reference code: 2402).

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Publications • • •

•

• •

Bienemann, F., “Über das ’schwedische Archiv’ in Riga”, in: Baltische Monatsschrift, 62 (1906), pp. 207–222. Bienemann, F., Katalog des Schwedischen Generalgouverneur-Archivs zu Riga (Riga, 1908). Busch, N., “Der Verbleib des Rigaer Archivs der schwedischen Generalgouverneure”, in: Baltische Monatsschrift, 58 (1927, 4/5), pp. 289–293. , .., “@"=  "

Q !"           [Documents in the archives of Riga on the history of the Baltic area during the Swedish period]”, in: 

 #  , 3 (Tallinn, 1958), pp. 224–256. Liljedahl, R., Svensk Förvaltning i Livland 1617–1634 (Uppsala, 1933). ~ , ., “ "<   "

`

      ‚ . ƒ" [Sources of the Swedish History in the Archives and Library Repositories in Tartu]”, in: 

 #  , 1 (Tallinn, 1956), pp. 216–225.

Parchments and Ancient Paper Manuscripts Record group Parchments and Ancient Paper Manuscripts Pergamenta un papra dokumenti Reference code : 5561 Period : 1254–1909 Extent : 2385 items Abstract This collection comprises miscellaneous documents of various types and issues, including treaties concerning the partition of Livonia, feudal charters (Lehnsbriefe), birth and guild journeyman certicates (Geburtsbriefe, Gesellenbriefe, Lehrbriefe), patents of nobility (Adelsbriefe), sale contracts and testaments.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1467–1629 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, High German, Latin, Low German

In inventory no. 1, item no. 322 is a transsumpt of a feudal charter of 1546 given by the Master of the Livonian Order to his secretary M. Huroder, concerning the rights to sort timber in Riga. Inventory no. 2 contains various relevant items: • • • •

• • •

50, 51: Decrees of the town council concerning the exchange rates in Riga, 1626, 1629. 153: Ratication of Casimir, King of Poland, of the trade agreement between Riga and Polock, 1467. 154–156: Letters from the town councils of Lübeck and Hamburg to Riga, concerning trade prohibition and safety, 1471, 1507, 1547. 157: Statement of Wilhelm Weppner, attorney of Sebastian Smide from Frankfurt am Main, pertaining to the penalty to be paid to the town council of Riga due to a violation of the trade order, 1522. 158: Trade and shipping agreement between Duke Jakob of Courland and Lord-Protector Oliver Cromwell, 1657. 159: Letter of recommendation, given by merchant J.H. Froriep in Narva to his journeyman J.F. Groslaub, 1745. 179: Promissory note concerning the debts of skippers from Riga in the town of Amsterdam, 1531.

Moreover, inventory no. 2 lists the following items, which pertain to the Great Guild of merchants and to the corporation of unwed salesmen, called Blackheads. These contain some information about merchants, such as their corporative institutions and their place in the social structure of Riga: •

• •

45: Agreement between the town council of Riga, the Great Guild of merchants and the Lesser Guild of artisans about the granting of citizenship and membership of the Guild, 1538. 46: Complaint of the Great Guild of merchants and the Blackheads against the town council, 1581. 52: Agreement between the Great Guild and the Blackheads about expenses, 1637.

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Furthermore, there are other bonds and sale and purchase contracts, which may contain information about the accumulation of capital and investments, made by merchants. Accessibility Four inventories (1959–1982), in Russian (no. 1) and Latvian (nos. 2–4). Custodial history The foundation of the collection was laid in 1874, when the corporation of nobility in Livonia started to gather old records from the manors’ archives (Brie'aden). In the 1920s, the collection was handed over to the State Historical Archives, where it was complemented with various other documents, among them feudal charters from the Courland Provincial Archives (described in inventory no. 4).

Riga Average Assessment Agent Record group Riga Average Assessment Agent Rgas dispašiers Reference code : 1736 Period : 1773–1899 Extent : 307 items Abstract This record group comprises registers of wrecked ships, announcements to shipowners, and les dealing with losses in individual shipwrecks. Involved are ships going to Riga, Ventspils and Pärnu, and coming from Germany, the Netherlands, England, Portugal, Spain, France, etc. (and vice versa). The bulk dates from the rst half of the nineteenth century. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1773–1880 : Latvia, various countries : High German

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Relevant are some items from the late eighteenth century, dealing with losses in several or individual shipwrecks: • • • • •

14: 15: 16: 17: 18:

Several shipwrecks, 1773–1790. Ship Frau Dorthea Anna, 1777. Ship Catharina, 1782–1783. Ship St. Raphael, 1794. Ship Antonio et Alma, 1800–1801.

Accessibility Inventory (in Latvian) (1950s). Record creator / provenance In cases of shipwrecking, the Average Assessment Agent (Dispacheuer) calculated losses and their allocation between interested parties (shipowners, skippers, merchants, etc.). As a municipal ofcial, he was appointed by the Riga town council and supervised by the Riga Stock Exchange Committee. Related materials •

Riga Stock Exchange Committee (reference code: 3143).

Publications •

Der Stadt Riga Verwaltung und Haushalt in den Jahren 1878–1900, ed. N. Carlberg (Riga 1901), pp. 82–83.

Riga Blackheads Company Record group Riga Blackheads Company Rgas Melngalvju sabiedrba Reference code : 4922 Period : 1466–1940 Extent : 293 items Abstract The materials comprise statutes, minute books, cashbooks, bills, lists of members, inventories and correspondence concerning activities of the

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Blackheads, their place in the social structure and social life of Riga, history of the Blackheads’ house, charitable foundations of the company, etc. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1466–1800 : Estonia, Germany, Latvia, various countries : High German, Low German

The record group contains only indirect information about overseas trade from Riga, as the bulk of the archival records concerns the social life of the Blackheads, their festivities and common activities. Yet, materials from the relevant period (about thirty volumes in inventory number 2) provide important information about trading networks, as most of them contain names of merchants. There are several extensive lists of members (item 9, covering 1764–1780s) and elders (item 14, covering 1683–1818) as well. Information about the purchase of goods (including overseas merchandise) for the needs of festivities or representation can be found in various accounts and bills (e.g. items 61, 62, 64–68, covering 1555–1804). Item 25 includes papers concerning the relations between Blackheads and skippers from Lübeck in Riga. In addition, the record group contains a book listing persons that were admitted as members of the Brotherhood of Blackheads in Tallinn (Reval), dating from 1661–1680 (inventory no. 1: item 24). Accessibility Two inventories (in Latvian). Record creator / provenance The Company or Brotherhood of Blackheads (Schwarzhäuptercompagnie), an organisation of unmarried merchants and merchant journeymen, often only temporarily residing in the town, developed in Riga in the late fourteenth and early fteenth centuries from the Brotherhood of St. George with the aim to ensure mutual protection and practise charity and care for its members. The Blackheads, rst mentioned in 1413, took part in the defence of Riga and played an important role in the social and cultural life of the town. During modern times, the Brotherhood transformed into a club, and their abode (Schwarzhäupterhaus) became a signicant symbol of Riga. The Blackheads were dissolved in 1939 as a consequence of the resettlement of Baltic Germans to Germany. Re-established in Hamburg in 1961, the Compagnie der Schwarzen Häupter aus Riga e.V. has been located in Bremen since 1980.

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Custodial history The archives of the Blackheads were ordered and described by Constantin Mettig in the early twentieth century. The oldest part of the archives was taken to Pozen (Poznan in Poland) during the resettlement of Baltic Germans to Germany in 1939 and 1940. The material that stayed in Riga became part of the State Archives and in the 1950s it was described in inventory number 1 (mostly records from the early twentieth century). Items that remained in Poznan were handed over to Latvia by Poland in 1958. Nowadays they make up inventory number 2. A substantial part of the records had, however, been transferred from Poznan to Germany at the end of World War II and was included in the holdings of the Herder-Institute in Marburg. According to an agreement made in 1989, these records will be handed over to the re-established company in Bremen. Visually attractive The front page of item 11 in inventory no. 2, the statutes from the year 1594, is ornamented with gold. Related materials •

•

Collection of Parchments and Ancient Paper Manuscripts (reference code: LVVA 5561), inventory no. 2: item 52: agreement between the Great Guild and the Blackheads about expenses (1637). Herder-Institute, Marburg: Schwarzhäupter Riga (reference code: DSHI: 120): 42 items from the archives of the Blackheads Company.

Publications •

•

•

Brück, T., “Zu den Beziehungen der Korporation der Schwarzhäupter in den Städten Riga, Reval und Dorpat in der zweiten Hälfte des 16. Jahrhunderts”, in: Reval. Handel und Wandel vom 13. bis zum 20. Jahrhundert, eds. N. Angermann and W. Lenz (Lüneburg, 1997), pp. 183–198. Kenéz, C.J., and P. Wörster, Archivbestände zur Geschichte Est-, Liv- und Kurlands in der Dokumentensammlung des Herder-Instituts (Marburg, 2000), pp. 10, 53–55. Kvaskova, V., “R$gas Melngalvju br l$bas arh$vs agr k un šodien [The archives of the Brotherhood of Blackheads in Riga in the past and nowadays]”, in: Latvijas Arhvi, 3 (Riga, 2006), pp. 7–44.

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•

•

•

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Mettig, C., “Das Archiv der Schwarzen Häupter in Riga”, in: Arbeiten des Ersten Baltischen Historikertages zu Riga 1908 (Riga, 1909), pp. 305–314. Sp r$tis, O., “Melngalvju br l$bas kolekcijas [Collections of the Brotherhood of Blackheads]”, in: Latvijas Vstures Institta Žurnls, 2 (Riga, 1992), pp. 24–56. Spliet, H., Geschichte des rigischen Neuen Hauses, des später sogenannten König Artus Hofes, des heutigen Schwarzhöupterhauses in Riga (Riga, 1934). Stieda, W., and C. Mettig, Schragen der Gilden und Ämter der Stadt Riga bis 1621 (Riga, 1896).

Riga Governor-General’s Ofce Record group Riga Governor-General’s Ofce Rgas (enerlgubernatora kanceleja Reference code : 2715 Period : 1707–1793 Extent : 904 items Abstract The record group comprises decrees, petitions, reports, correspondence, registers, etc., dealing with various administrative matters of the Riga Guberniya (province) under Russian rule in the eighteenth century. The record group comprises only a small part of the ofce’s earlier records, however. Relatively well represented are materials concerning the appointment of ofcials, provisioning of troops, management of manors, etc. Several items pertain to the activities of Russian ofcials in the Baltic region before the establishment of the Riga Guberniya. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1714–1783 : Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Russia, various countries : High German, Russian

Relevant information concerning trade, merchants and shipping may be found in about one-tenth of the items, which are mostly part of the inventories

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numbered 1 and 3. These chiey refer to Riga and date from the mid- or late eighteenth century. Relevant materials may be categorised as follows: •

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Materials concerning the purchase and sale of vessels, shipwrecks, arriving and departing ships in the harbour of Bolderaja, etc., 1714–1770 (inventory no. 1: items 228, 229, 555; inventory no. 3: item 28). Items pertaining to the building and reconstruction of the harbour and customs house (Lizente) in Bolderaja (Bolderaa), 1741–1783 (inventory no. 1: items 238, 239, 264). Items concerning navigation conditions on the Daugava River and the improvement of the waterway in its lower reaches, 1769–1775 (inventory no. 1: items 240, 241; inventory no. 3: item 29). Various records regulating trade order and the use of the harbour in Riga, as well as complaints about the violation of trade rights, 1747–1773 (inventory no. 1: items 31, 39, 216, 217, 226, 227, 556; inventory no. 3: items 25–27). Complaints, claims and other materials concerning debt commitments, inheritances, arrest of goods, etc., relating to merchants, 1738–1783 (several dozens of items in all three inventories). Items concerning tax collection and the functioning of customs houses, 1740–1783 (inventory no. 1: items 49, 220, 361; inventory no. 2: item 88, 208). Balances of income and expenditures from treasure houses in Riga, Tartu and Pärnu, also containing information about customs receipts, 1754–1781 (inventory no. 1: items 339–346). Materials about the supply of groceries to the court in Moscow and St. Petersburg, 1741–1783 (several dozens of items in all three inventories).

The record group also contains materials concerning the appointment of harbour and customs ofcials and their malfeasances, use of storehouses, movement of coins, activities of transport workers, migration of citizens, etc. Accessibility Three inventories (1966–1976), in Latvian (no. 1) and Russian (nos. 2, 3). Record creator / provenance The Governor-General of Riga (1710–1783) was the representative of the Russian Tsar and the highest ofcial in the Riga Guberniya (provincial

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government), which was conquered by Russia from Sweden during the Great Northern War (1700–1721). The rst Governor-General in the conquered Baltic territories was Aleksandr Menshikov, appointed in 1704. A separate Riga Guberniya was established in 1713. Basically it preserved the administrative structure and territory of former Swedish Livonia (covering the north of modern-day Latvia and the south of modern-day Estonia), though the district of Tartu (Dorpat) remained part of the Tallinn (Reval) Guberniya in the years 1713–1722. Until 1775, the province of Smolensk was also formally subordinated to the Governor-General of Riga. The Governor-General was directly subordinated to the Tsar and Senate. As the highest authority in the province, he had many duties in the civil and military administration as well as in nancial and legal matters. Nevertheless, the post of Governor-General remained vacant for substantial periods, as a consequence of which the government was often ruled by the governor or vice-governor. The highest body of the governmental administration was the Governor-General’s Ofce, which ran the daily affairs of the province and consisted of two administrative subdivisions (Expeditionen), one for “German” (local) matters and one for Russian affairs, i.e. communication with other institutions in Russia. The administrative system of the Riga Guberniya existed until the provincial reforms under Catherine II in 1783. Custodial history The seat of the Governor-General of Riga was at the town’s castle, where his archives were kept too. During the nineteenth century, the bulk was sold to paper mills, while other papers were transferred to institutions that were established during the administrative reorganisations under Catherine II and Paul I. A substantial part of the records from the ofce of the Governor-General of Riga has been kept in Estonia since World War I. Consequently, the materials consist of miscellaneous individual records and left-overs, which were brought together in the Latvia State Historical Archives in the 1960s. Items from inventory no. 2 were handed over by the Central State Archives of Ancient Acts in Moscow. Related materials •

Estonian Historical Archives (Tartu): Governor-General of Riga (reference code: 279).

Materials from the archives of the ofce of the Governor-General of Riga may also be found in various record groups of the Latvia State Historical

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Archives pertaining to institutions of the later Livonia Guberniya, in particular in record group nos. 3 and 4 and to a lesser extent in no. 1. Publications • •

• •

• •

Amburger, E., Behördenorganisation Russlands von Peter dem Grossen bis 1917 (Leiden, 1966).

 , .., “         -!" " [The contemporary situation of the archives of the former Riga Governor-General]”, in: ) "! &     *   X +  * . /. 3!" I (Moscow, 1895), pp. 71–76. , ..,          [From the history of archival affairs in Latvia] (Riga, 1981), pp. 56–60, 103. Herman, M., “The Archives of the Governor-General of Riga’s Ofce”, in: Riigi Keskarkiiv (1932–1937) ja arhiivinduslikke eriküsimusi [The Central State Archives (1932–1937) and special archival questions] (Tartu, 1937), pp. 167–180.   

    [A complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire], Vols. I–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830). Zeida, „., “R$gas guber#as iest des un to dokument rie materi li Latvijas PSR Centr laj Valsts v%stures arh$v (1710.–1783. g.) [Institutions of the Riga Guberniya and their documentary materials in the Central State Historical Archives of the Latvian SSR (1710–1783)]”, in: Latvijas PSR Zintu Akadmijas Vstis, 12 (293) (Riga, 1971), pp. 40–50.

Riga Great (St. Mary’s) Guild Record group Riga Great (St. Mary’s) Guild Rgas Liel (Sv. Marijas) (ilde Reference code : 223 Period : 1354–1937 Extent : 736 items Abstract The record group includes statutes, minute books, lists of members, cashbooks, correspondence, etc., dealing with social life, privileges and nances of the Great Guild in Riga, as well as with the history of its house and archives.

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The materials also provide extensive information about its participation in the administration and defence of the town, the management of parishes and the functioning of charitable institutions related to the Guild. The bulk of the records pertains to the nineteenth century. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1450–1800 : Germany, Latvia, various countries : High German, Low German

Although the Guild was an organisation of wholesale merchants, its historical records (concentrated in inventory number 1) deal mostly with internal activities of the Guild or with political processes in the town, rather than with commercial transactions of merchants. Nevertheless, the materials should certainly contain some information about trade regulation, individual merchants, their migration and trading networks. For that reason the following items may be relevant: • • •

•

• • • • • •

1: Statutes (Schragen), 1354. 12, 13, 15, 16: Elders’ notes concerning events in the Guild and in the town, 1488–1788. 21: Around 50 fteenth-century letters from the Archbishop of Riga, Master of the Livonian Order, Duke of Mecklenburg, merchants and town councils of Riga, Lübeck, Stralsund, Lippe, etc., about various issues, including the protection of merchants, arrest of goods etc., as well as several sixteenth- and seventeenth-century bonds and agreements between the Great Guild and the Company of Blackheads, 1411–1651. 22, 78, 82, 134: Copies of various privileges and papers concerning trade order, advantages for customs ofcials, trading rights for Jews, etc., 1621–1750. 25–27, 549, 50: Minute books, sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. 59, 60, 553, 554: Various lists of elders and members of the guild as well as of town ofcials, etc., 1373–1687. 94–97: Lists of Riga town dwellers, 1786. 114: Notices about balances of the Riga Trading Bank (HandlungsKasse), 1764–1777). 245–265: Various cashbooks, bills, receipts, etc., 1653–1768. 599: Reviews concerning changes in the trade order in the late nineteenth century, and about trade conditions in the nineteenth century.

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Accessibility Two inventories (in Latvian) (1950s). Record creator / provenance Riga’s Great Guild (Grosse Gilde), also called St. Mary’s Guild, was an organisation of mainly wholesale merchants that was established in the mid-fourteenth century, after merchants had left the former Holy Cross and Trinity guild. According to the statutes, its activities were managed by the alderman and Bench of Elders (Ältestenstuhl). From the seventeenth century onward goldsmiths were also admitted as members of the Guild. The aim of the Great Guild was to ensure mutual protection, practise charity and care, and preserve privileges of its members, for they were the predominant economic power in Riga. In the course of time, the Great Guild also achieved signicant political inuence in the administration of the town, becoming one of the three lawful corporations of burghers along with the town council and the Lesser Guild for artisans. From the late eighteenth century, however, the Guild gradually lost its dominant position in commerce and this process was reinforced by the provincial reforms under Catherine II. Its role in the town administration remained intact until the municipal reforms in the 1870s. After that, the Great Guild evolved into a voluntary association of merchants and persons with a university education (Literaten), preserving its primarily German disposition and upkeeping social welfare and charitable institutions, some of which had already been founded in the fteenth and sixteenth centuries (Alte Tafelgilde, Milde Stift, etc.). The Guild was dissolved by the Latvian government in 1936. Custodial history In 1935, in accordance with the law expanding the scope of archival jurisdiction, the State Archives of Latvia took over the historical records of the Great Guild. The most recent records were acquired by the State Archives after the dissolution of the Guild in 1936. During the repatriation process in 1940, however, the Baltic Germans were permitted to take a few records to Germany. In 1952 they were transmitted to the Herder-Institute in Marburg. The records of the Guild were among the Latvian archival materials that were evacuated to Troppau (Opava in the Czech Republic) by German occupying forces in 1944. The records of the Guild’s social welfare and charitable institutions, now integrated in inventory number 2, made up several separate record groups in the Riga City Archives until the reorganisation of the Latvian State Archives in the 1960s.

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Copies Part of the records has been microlmed in 1940. They are now available at the Herder-Institute in Marburg, see: www.herder-institut.de. Related materials •

Herder-Institute, Marburg: Große Gilde (reference code: DSHI 120): Bruderbuch, 1558–1727, and Ältermannsbuch, (1520) 1654–1932.

Publications • •

• • •

Dopkewitsch, H., “Die Grosse Gilde zu Riga”, in: Baltische Monatshefte, 1 (Riga, 1936), pp. 8–24. Kenéz, C.J., and P. Wörster, Archivbestände zur Geschichte Est-, Liv- und Kurlands in der Dokumentensammlung des Herder-Instituts (Marburg, 2000), pp. 55–56, 74. Mühlen, H. von zur, “Das Stadtbürgertum”, in: Sozialgeschichte der baltischen Deutschen, ed. W. Schlau (Cologne, 2000), pp. 63–108. Redlich, F.A., “Haltung, Sitte und Brauch im Leben der Grossen Gilde zu Riga”, in: Baltische Monatshefte, 1 (Riga, 1936), pp. 1–8. Stieda, W., and C. Mettig, Schragen der Gilden und Ämter der Stadt Riga bis 1621 (Riga, 1896).

Riga Provincial Administration Record group Riga Provincial Administration Rgas vietniecbas valde Reference code : 7465 Period : 1782–1797 Extent : 422 items Abstract The record group contains decrees of the Tsar and Senate, reports and statements of various administrative institutions, correspondence with governing ofces, etc., concerning manifold spheres of life (such as administration, economy, security and the social situation) in Livonia and Riga during the last two decades of the eighteenth century, when the province was governed

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according to the provincial reforms of Catherine II. Due to losses, only a small part of the former archives still exists. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1783–1796 : Estonia, Latvia, Russia, various countries : High German, Russian

Relevant items (about one-fth of the record group) date from the years 1783–1796 and mostly consist of reports and correspondence with provincial and municipal authorities, courts, scal and tax ofces, etc. Most of the relevant items reveal legal aspects of both seaborne and overland trade or contain information about various trade conicts, debt commitments, commodity prices, fairs, etc. (see inventory 1: items 17, 99–124; inventory 2: items 37, 49, 51–57). Other items deal with navigation and the ow of trade in the harbours of Livonia and Estonia or document Riga harbour construction efforts. There are also materials concerning navigation conditions on the Daugava River, shipwrecks and lighthouses on the Baltic Sea coast, etc. (see inventory 1: items 123–131, 159; inventory 2: items 62–77, 113, 126–128). In addition, the following materials may also be relevant: •

•

• • • •

Topographical and statistical descriptions of Livonia and Saaremaa Island, concerning towns in the province, constitution and trade order, social groups, nances and harbour activities (inventory 1: items 20, 27, 28, 30). Reports about revenues and expenditures of the province and Riga, Pärnu (Pernau) and Kuressaare (Arensburg) with summarised information about incomes from trade taxes (inventory 1: items 32, 34, 54, 56, 61, 62, 64). Materials concerning the customs border between the province of Riga and the Duchy of Courland (inventory 1: item 19; inventory 2: item 120). Minutes from 1790 (inventory 2: item 4). Records concerning the activities of money-changers in Riga (inventory 1: item 96). Materials about the Blue and Green Guard in Riga (inventory 2: items 40, 41).

Accessibility Two inventories (in Latvian) (1962, 1968–1976).

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Record creator / provenance The Riga provincial administration (in Russian  +   , in German Statthalterschaftsregierung) was the central governing body established in the namestnichestvo or province of Riga during the provincial reforms under Catherine II. Although the new Russian provincial order was elaborated already in 1775, it was only introduced in the two Baltic provinces (former Riga Guberniya and Tallinn Guberniya) in 1783. The Riga provincial administration consisted of the Governor (in Russian also  *) and two counsellors (in German Regierungsräte). Together with the administration of the Tallinn (Reval) province, it was subordinate to the Governor-General of Riga and Tallinn. The GovernorGeneral or namestnik (in Russian  , in German Statthalter) was responsible rst and foremost for military matters and the external relations of both provinces, while the Governors and administrations were in charge of executive, administrative and civil matters and supervised all provincial institutions and ofces. During the provincial reforms of Catherine II, a complicated administrative, nancial and judicial machinery was constructed. Reforms caused an increase in bureaucracy at the cost of the nobility’s autonomy, and also brought about a new court and municipal constitution in the Baltic provinces. Most of the new administrative elements, however, were abolished in 1796 and 1797 after Paul’s accession to the throne. The Riga provincial administration was modied into the Livonia Guberniya administration, and for that reason records from the subsequent period make up a separate record group (no. 4) in the Latvia State Historical Archives. Custodial history A large part of the Riga provincial administration archives was sold to paper mills due to a lack of space in the castle of Riga, where the records were kept during the nineteenth century. Other documents became part of the archives of various Livonia Guberniya institutions and today are to be found in miscellaneous record groups of the Latvia State Historical Archives as well as in the Estonian Historical Archives. As a result of this, the present record group only comprises various individual records and remains, which have been put together in the Latvia State Historical Archives in the 1960s. Visually attractive Item 19 (inventory no. 1) contains a map of the customs border between Livonia and Courland (1785). Item 62 (inventory no. 2) includes a plan

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depicting damages to the harbour constructions in Daugavgriva (Dünamünde) caused by ice in 1783. Related materials •

Estonian Historical Archives (Tartu): Livonia Guberniya Administration (reference code: 297).

Materials from the Riga provincial administration are now located in various record groups of the Latvia State Historical Archives deriving from institutions that were established in the Livonia Guberniya at the end of the eighteenth century. Record group nos. 3 and 4 are especially relevant in this respect. Publications • • • •

•

Amburger, E., Behördenorganisation Russlands von Peter dem Grossen bis 1917 (Leiden, 1966). Bienemann, F., Die Statthalterschaftszeit in Liv- und Estland (1783–1796). Ein Kapitel aus der Regentenpraxis Katharinas II (Leipzig, 1886).   

    [A complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire], Vols. I–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830). Zeida, „., “P rvaldes reorganiz cija R$g vietniec$bas laik (1787–1797) [Reorganization of the administration in Riga during the period of namestnichestvo (1787–1797)]”, in: Latvijas PSR Zintu Akadmijas Vstis, 6 (335) (Riga, 1975), pp. 104–116. Zutis, J., Baltijas jautjums 18. gadsimt [Baltic problems in the 18th century] (Riga, 1951).

Riga Small Traders Company Record group Riga Small Traders Company Rgas sktirgotju sabiedrba Reference code : 5057 Period : 1579–1914 Extent : 91 items

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Abstract The record group comprises series of volumes, consisting of copies and originals of various privileges, orders, complaints, minutes and other papers reecting trade in manufactured articles and semi-luxury items in Riga from the late sixteenth to the late eighteenth century. The materials of the Small Traders Company also include lists of members, registers of incomes and expenditures, bills, etc. In addition, there are some items pertaining to the Company’s mutual aid fund, established in the late eighteenth century. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1579–1774 : Germany, Latvia, various countries : High German, various languages

The bulk of the records (items 2–6, 8, 10, 11, 17–21, 23–26, 27, 29, 31, 32, 24–44, dating from 1579–1774) comprises various papers dealing with trading regulations, fair regulations, use of storehouses in Riga and especially with privileges of the Small Traders company. Strongly represented are materials from the Riga Trade Court (Wettgericht) concerning conicts that arose between the Small Traders and other merchants (both domestic and foreign) or skippers, due to the violation of the Company’s rights. Less extensive are materials concerning the supply of goods from western Europe to the Riga Small Traders: • • •

22: Papers concerning the shipwreck of the ship Die Stadt Riga near Ventspils, 1769–1770. 45: Invoice book, 1688–1692. 70, 71: Convolutes of invoices (Schiffsrollen), 1619–1705.

In addition, the following items could be relevant: • •

12, 13, 16: Minute books, 1688–1710, 1719–1731. 15, 16: Various items, including notes about the enrolment of members and apprentices, and thus providing data about migration patterns in the eighteenth century.

Accessibility Inventory (in Latvian) (1960, with later supplements).

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Record creator / provenance The rst known statutes of the Riga Small Traders Company (Krämercompagnie) were conrmed in 1579. According to these, the Small Traders were members of the Great Guild for merchants privileged to trade certain kinds of goods, such as textiles, ironware, semi-luxury items (except for alcohol), spices, etc. The Small Traders received goods from western Europe and traded these in Riga with town dwellers or consumers from the hinterland. Other merchants were permitted to trade with these items only during fairs. The Company lost its privileges in the late eighteenth century during the administrative reforms under Catherine II, when the retail trade was allowed for all merchants with adequate capital and tax rates. Consequently the Company was dissolved in 1787. The mutual aid fund (Krämer-Compagnie-Stiftung) that was founded by members of the Company in 1778 remained active. Custodial history The archives of the Small Traders Company were part of the collection of the Society for the History and Antiquities of Riga until the 1930s (old reference code: 1290, items 1–67). As a result of displacements during World War II, the Company’s records were separated from the Collection and are now included into the record group with reference no. 5057. Part of the materials is, however, still stored within the original collection. Visually attractive The record group contains a number of well-preserved volumes in attractive bindings. Related materials •

•

Collection of the Society for the History and Antiquities of Riga (reference code: LVVA 4038), inventory no. 2: items 2049–2802: 20 items from the former archives of the Small Traders Company (and its Fund), including copybooks of invoices (Schiffsrollen, 1692, 1696, 1698, 1702), a register of incoming and outgoing ships in Riga (1772), copies of privileges, account books, etc. Fund of the Small Traders Company (reference code: LVVA 2188), comprising more then a dozen items with Company records from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

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Publications • •

Handrack, U., Der Handel der Stadt Riga im 18. Jahrhundert (Jena, 1932), pp. 45–57. Stieda, W., and C. Mettig, Schragen der Gilden und Ämter der Stadt Riga bis 1621 (Riga, 1896).

Riga Stock Exchange Committee Record group Riga Stock Exchange Committee Rgas Biržas komiteja Reference code : 3143 Period : 1636–1944 Extent : 5938 items Abstract The record group comprises bookkeeping and recordkeeping materials of the Riga Stock Exchange Committee and various related institutions and commissions, as well as miscellaneous records concerning trade, industry, navigation, infrastructure and vocational education in Riga. Although the bulk of records dates from the nineteenth and the early twentieth century, some items concerning the period before the establishment of the Stock Exchange in Riga may also be found here. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1678 - 1800 : Latvia, Russia, various countries : High German

The following items in inventory no. 1 are relevant: •

•

1780: Statutes of the pilot association (Lootsen-Amt) containing information about the navigation order on the Daugava River and in the harbour of Riga, 1694. 1931: Various decrees, reports, etc., from the period before the establishment of the Stock Exchange in Riga, including regulative materials

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•

•

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concerning commission trade and the stay of foreign merchants in Riga, 1773–1816. 2472, 2473, 2476–2479: Registers listing ofces in the town administration held by members of the Riga town council, including ofcials responsible for customs duty and tax collection (Praefectorat beim Portorio, Assessorat beim Acciscasten, etc.), 1699–1762. 2474: Miscellaneous papers including a letter from Christian Finck in Lübeck to his trading partner Jürgen Vassman in Riga, 1678.

Inventory no. 6 comprises characteristics of trading goods and statistical data about trade volumes in Riga, including records from the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries (items 37, 62). Inventory nos. 19 and 20 contain more then 200 calculations of losses caused by shipwrecks, although only one item (inventory 20: item 1) dates from the eighteenth century, dealing with the shipwreck of Frau Dorothea-Anna, 1779. Accessibility Eleven inventories, of which are relevant nos. 1, 6, 15, 20 and 23 (second half of the twentieth century), partly in Latvian and partly in German or Russian. Record creator / provenance The Riga Stock Exchange Committee (Rigasche Börsen-Comité ) initiated the establishment of the Riga Stock Exchange in 1816. The Committee, which existed until the establishment of Soviet rule in Latvia in 1940, subsequently managed and administrated the Stock Exchange. According to its statutes (revised in 1818, 1831, 1867, 1924, and 1939), the Committee was an elected institution and consisted of a chairman and 14 members. It integrated both domestic and foreign large-scale merchants and devoted itself to the development of trade, shipping and industry in Riga in various ways. The Committee drew up assessments at the demand of interested state institutions dealing with trade and shipping conditions and recommended measures for their improvement. It also oversaw the legality of trade and elected various ofcials in the harbour of Riga, such as average assessment agents (Dispacheur), appraisers of trading goods (Wracker), etc. Side by side with the Committee, several sub-commissions existed that were responsible for specic elds of activities, such as the improvement of harbours in Riga and Bolderaja, promotion of railway and telegraph construction, establishment of commercial and navigation schools, etc.

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Custodial history After World War II, the archives of the Stock Exchange Committee were transferred to the Riga City Historical Archives (record group no. 316). In the 1960s they became part of the State Historical Archives of Latvia. Publications • • • •

Rigaer Handels-Archiv (1874–1910). Rigaer Börsenblatt (1896–1914). Der Rigasche Börsen-Comité in den Jahren 1816 bis 1866 (Riga, 1866). Der Rigasche Börsen-Comité in den Jahren 1866 bis 1872 nebst Sammlung der auf Handel und Schifffahrt bezüglichen Verordnungen, Instructionen und Taxen (Riga, 1873).

Riga Town Trading Bank Record group Riga Town Trading Bank Rgas pilstas tirdzniecbas kase Reference code : 2330 Period : 1735–1895 Extent : 88 items Abstract The record group comprises bookkeeping and recordkeeping materials of the Trading Bank, engaged in the nancing of commercial activities in the town of Riga in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1735–1800 : Latvia, various countries : High German

Besides statutes and instructions concerning the administration of the bank (items 1, 2, and 3, dating from 1735–1890), the record group contains

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eighteenth-century recordkeeping and bookkeeping materials providing information about credit relations of merchants in Riga: • • • • •

8: Judgements dealing with debt commitments, 1754–1851. 9, 10: Minute books, 1736–1807. 38, 39: General ledgers, 1736–1800. 47–51: Journals, 1746–1800. 60–65: Cashbooks, 1736–1800.

Accessibility Inventory (in Latvian) (1955). Record creator / provenance The Riga Town Trading Bank (in German Handlungskassa, in Russian /U          ) was established in 1735 by the representatives of the Riga town council and the Great Guild for merchants. The bank gave short-term credits for domestic merchants, thus stabilising commerce in Riga. The equity capital of the bank comprised an interestfree loan, given to the Riga town council for ten years by Empress Anna in 1734. After the repayment of this loan, the resources of the bank were quite limited. During the eighteenth century, however, the trading bank remained the only sizable credit institution in Riga. Custodial history Until the reorganisation of the Latvian State Archives in the 1960s, the record group was part of the Riga City Archives with reference code no. (A-)74. Publications • •

Stieda, E. von., Das livlaendische Bankwesen (Leipzig, 1909). Handrack, U., Der Handel der Stadt Riga im 18. Jahrhundert (Jena, 1932), p. 24.

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Society for the History and Antiquities of Riga Record group Society for the History and Antiquities of Riga Rgas Vstures un senatnes pttju biedrba Reference code : 4038 Period : 1350–1941 Extent : 1724 items Abstract This record group consists of two sections, described in two inventories. Inventory no. 1 lists nancial, ofcial, organisational and research papers of the Society, dating from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Inventory no. 2 (larger than no. 1) covers the Society’s manuscript collection, which consists of miscellaneous documents, both originals and copies, concerning above all the history of Riga and the Baltic, dating from the fourteenth to twentieth centuries. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1461–1800 : Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Latin, Low German, Russian, Swedish, various languages

The Society’s manuscript collection is of a heterogeneous character. Ancient copies of even more ancient records are found side by side with original records, which once may have belonged to the archives of former administrative institutions in Riga and Livland (for example records of the Swedish Governor-General and the Riga town council). Materials concerning various aspects of trade and shipping mostly date from the seventeenth century and especially from the eighteenth century. A smaller quantity of records remains from the second half of the sixteenth century, and only a few date from before that period. Relevant records are to be found in the following sections of the collection (all described in inventory no. 2): •

I: Chronicles, descriptions of Baltic provinces and towns, copies from various records concerning Baltic history, etc. (items 1–499), also includ-

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•

•

•

•

•

•

865

ing materials concerning individual merchants (C. Padel, S.H. Kruse, J. Harms) and their corporations (Great Guild, Blackheads, Blue Guard in Riga). II: Various privileges, rights, decrees and their compilations, concerning Riga and Livonia (items 504–725), also containing records about trade regulation and taxes. V: Miscellaneous records concerning various aspects of trade and shipping (items 1051–1108), including merchant account books and compilations of various papers, containing information about trade regulations, trade volumes, customs, harbours, etc., mostly eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (the oldest records in the book of the Porters company (Loesdreger) date from 1461). VI: Materials about artisans (items 1114–1175), also including statutes, privileges and other records concerning professions involved in the transportation of goods in Riga, attending the trade process or preparing distinct commodity categories for export (such as Ligger, Bierträger, Salzträger, Hanfbinder and Mastenwracker). IX: Manuscripts and collections of individual scholars and ofcials (items 1603–1908), including materials written or compiled by Friedrich Konrad Gadebusch (1719–1788), member of the Tartu town council. X: Materials concerning the Swedish rule in Livonia during the seventeenth century (items 1909–1983), including original records (letters, complaints, etc.) that may have belonged to the archives of the Swedisch governor-general of Livonia (see record group no. 7349). XII: Materials concerning Courland (items 2158–2281), including the treaty between Courland and Sweden from 1655 as well as customs orders and other records.

Accessibility Two inventories: no. 1 in Latvian (1966), no. 2 in German (1967) with supplements in Russian. Inventory no. 1 of record group no. 7363 can be used as an additional nding aid for the Society’s manuscript collection. This inventory (1957) often contains more precise titles and a more consistent thematic division of items that were moved to record group no. 4038 later on. Record creator / provenance The Society for the History and Antiquities of the Russian Baltic Provinces (Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Altertumskunde der Ostseeprovinzen Russlands) was founded in Riga in 1834 by German historians and public gures.

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Its aims were to promote historical research and to support preservation of historical monuments in the Baltic provinces (nowadays the territories of Latvia and Estonia). The Society’s library collected historical manuscripts and literature related to the early history of the area. The Society organised exhibitions and seminars and also stimulated the restoration and reconstruction of the Riga Cathedral and the establishment of the so-called Cathedral Museum (Dommuseum) in Riga in 1884–1891. The Cathedral Museum (now the Riga History and Maritime Museum) served as a location for the Society to meet and keep its broad collection of historical artifacts and maps. Members of the Society took part in the exploration and ordering of old archives (such as the Riga town archives and the archives of the Swedish governor-general of Livland) and were active in publishing source editions. The Society published the following journals and monographic series, which reected its activities and became a platform for archival descriptions and source studies of various types: • •

Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Altertumskunde der Ostseeprovinzen Russlands (1873–1936). Mitteilungen aus dem Gebiete der Geschichte Liv-, Est- und Kurlands (1840–1937).

After World War I the Society was renamed Society for the History and Antiquities of Riga (Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Altertumskunde zu Riga). The name was changed once more into German Society for the History and Antiquities of Riga (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Altertumskunde zu Riga) in 1939, but in the same year it ceased to exist as a consequence of the resettlement of Baltic Germans to Germany. Custodial history In 1935, in accordance with the law expanding the scope of archival jurisdiction, the State Archives of Latvia took over historical collections from German cultural societies in Latvia, including the manuscript collection of the Society for History and Antiquities in Riga. As a consequence of reciprocal arrangements, records of little importance to the history of Latvia were handed over to the Germans who emigrated from Latvia as part of the repatriation program in 1939 and 1940. In 1944 the retreating German occupying forces tried to remove part of the archival holdings from Riga, including major portions of the Society’s manuscript collection. After the war, the records were brought back to Riga and included into the broad archival collection concerning Baltic history (with reference code no. 7363). In the second half of the 1960s the manuscript collection of the Society for

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History and Antiquities in Riga was moved to the separate record group no. 4038 and now make up the materials described in inventory no. 2. The papers of the Society that are now listed in inventory no. 1 were taken to Pozen (Pozna† in Poland) during the process of repatriation of the Baltic Germans. These records were returned to Latvia in the 1950s. Visually attractive Item 14 contains a copy of J. Helms’ chronicle illustrated with drawings by J.Ch. Brotze (1742–1823) depicting various towns and castles in modern-day Estonia and Latvia, among which the harbour at the mouth of the Salaca River (in German: Salis). Item 109 contains images of historical coins used in the territory of Latvia (compilation dating from the midnineteenth century). Copies A small part of the records has been microlmed in 1940. The microlms are now available at the Herder-Institute in Marburg (see www.herderinstitut.de). Publications •

• •

•

•

•

Bauer, A., “Die Bibliothek der Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Altertumskunde zu Riga”, in: Zur Jahrhundertsfeier der Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Altertumskunde zu Riga 1834–1934 (Riga, 1934), pp. 28–32. , ..,          (Riga, 1981), pp. 94, 153–157. Feuereisen, A., “Die Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Altertumskunde zu Riga vor und nach dem Weltkriege”, in: Kalender und Jahrbuch des deutschen Elternverbandes in Lettland (Riga, 1923), pp. 66–70. Lenz, W., “Zu den Umsiedlungsverhandlungen mit Estland und Lettland 1939 bis 1941”, in: Buch und Bildung im Baltikum: Festschrift für Paul Kaegbein zum 80. Geburtstag, eds. Heinrich Bosse, Otto-Heinrich Elias and Robert Schweizer (Schriften der Baltischen Historischen Kommission, Vol. 13) (Münster, 2005), pp. 599–622. Weiss H., “Die historischen Gesellschaften”, in: Geschichte der Deutschbaltischen Geschichtsschreibung, ed. G. Rauch (Cologne, 1986), pp. 121–141. Wörster, P., “Einige Bemerkungen zur Arbeit der Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Altertumskunde in Riga”, in: Das Dommuseum in

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Riga—Ein Haus für Wissenschaft und Kunst / Doma muzejs Rg—templis zintnei un mkslai (Marburg, 2001), pp. 30–36. Zur Jahrhundertsfeier der Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Altertumskunde zu Riga 1834–1934 (Riga, 1934).

Topographical Maps and Plans of the Town of Riga and its Bailiwick Record group Topographical Maps and Plans of the Town of Riga and its Bailiwick Rgas pilstas un patrimonilapgabala topogr[sks kartes un plni Reference code : 2909 Period : 1630–1944 Extent : 1787 items Abstract This collection consists of various maps and plans, both printed and in manuscript, dating from the rst half of seventeenth to the mid-twentieth century and depicting the town of Riga, its vicinity, and especially its real estate (including manors located outside of the town’s bailiwick). The record group also comprises maps and plans of the Daugava River, road maps, technical plans of buildings, as well as a number of maps of the Baltic Sea area and its coastal regions. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1630–1800 : Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden, various countries : High German

Relevant materials from the period before 1800 are part of inventory no. 1 and can be grouped as follows: •

Maps and plans depicting the Daugava River, especially its waterway and islands in the lower reaches and near the estuary in the Baltic Sea, containing information about navigation conditions and efforts to

latvia state historical archives

•

• • •

869

improve them, the location of customs houses and harbour constructions, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (items 35–39, 41–73, 858–864). General maps of the town of Riga and its bailiwick, also depicting the vicinity of the Daugava River, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (items 1–14, 28, 31). Plans of the Riga fortications, eighteenth century (items 893, 895, 896). Disposition maps of the Swedish and Saxon troops at Riga in 1701 (items 888, 889). Several maps depicting Livonia, the Duchy of Courland, Poland and Lithuania etc., seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

Accessibility Two inventories, of which is relevant no. 1 (in Latvian) (1959). Record creator / provenance The collection consists of maps and plans that were used for the administration of Riga and its immovable property. Part of the materials has been created by the town’s surveyor. Custodial history Until the reorganisation of the Latvian archival system in the 1960s, the record group was part of the Riga City Archives (reference code: (A-) 288). Visually attractive The collection includes many maps and plans. Publications •

•

Barzdevi‡a, M., “Karšu un pl nu izmantošanas s kums R$gas p rvald% (1621–1710) [The beginning of the use of maps and plans in the administration of Riga (1621–1710)]”, in: Sen Rga, 4 (Riga, 2003), pp. 299–323. Barzdevi‡a, M., “R$gas 17. gs. kartogr sko att%lu izmantošana pils%tas v%stures izp%t% 18.-20. gs. [Use of seventeenth-century cartographical depictings of Riga in the historical research from the eighteenth to twentieth centuries]”, in: Latvijas Vstures Institta Žurnls, 3 (Riga, 1998), pp. 45–66.

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Ill. 11. View of the shipyard of Christoph Raawe on the Daugava River, one of the few attempts to develop shipbuilding at Riga, c. 1786, by Johann Andreas Oesen (1762–1804). Latvia State Historical Archives (Riga): no. 214–6 / 311a (17).

latvia state historical archives •

•

•

•

871

Jakov\eva, M., “R$gas un t s tuv k s apk rtnes kartes un pl ni k v%stures avots (17.–19. gs. pirm puse) [Maps and plans of Riga and its vicinity as historical source (17th century-1st half of 19th century)]”, in: Latvijas PSR Zintu Akadmijas Vstis, 8 (517) (Riga, 1990), pp. 130–136. Rgas kartes un plni no 17. gs. ldz 19. gs. 60. gadiem [Maps and plans of Riga from the seventeenth century to the 1860s], ed. J. Štrauhmanis (Riga, 1987). ' , ^._., “'"? <   `

?= {"   "   +" > >  ( ` |,  ? ` | <") [Cartographic collections and record groups of the Central State Historical Archives of Latvian SSR]”, in: 

      "    (Riga, 1989), pp. 27–39.  ", ., “'"= =    " <  > "<  [Maps and plans of Riga as historical source]”, in: )!    \ #  ]  %  +  +     

    (Riga, 1968), pp. 65–67.

Trading Company “Witte and Huecke” Record group Trading Company “Witte and Huecke” Tirdzniecbas [rma “Vite un Hiks” Reference code : 2516 Period : 1747–1802 Extent : 41 items Abstract The materials consist of correspondence, bookkeeping documents and records of business operations and transactions of the trading company “Witte and Huecke”, located in the town of Liepaja (Libau) in Courland (on the coast in the south-west of modern-day Latvia). Various records concern the transfer of the company’s assets to the newly-founded Witte and Huecke’s orphanage. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1747–1797 : Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German

872

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The relevant records reect the whole range of business activities of the trading company, including trade networks, transaction costs, trade volumes and routes, cargoes, etc. They include the following materials: •

• • • • •

2–8: Copies of letters sent to business partners in Bremen, Hamburg, Amsterdam, Flensburg, Stockholm, as well as in Courland, Lithuania, etc., 1757–1794. 9, 15, 16: General ledgers, 1753–1791. 13, 14, 18, 19: Journals, 1753–1797. 17, 20–23, 34–39: Various ledgers with data about the purchase of goods in Courland and Lithuania, use of storehouses, etc., 1772–1797. 24–27: Invoice books (Factur-Buch) with data about the dispatch of goods to the business partners. 28–33: Cargo registers (Schiffs-Rollen-Buch) with some information about ships and captains providing the transportation of goods, 1775–1796.

The series of books do not cover the entire period; especially the series of general ledgers have substantial gaps. Record creator / provenance Anton Witte (1716–1797) and Lorenz Joachim Huecke (1716–1788) were two merchants from Liepaja (Libau), who started their business as dealers of agricultural goods in Courland and Lithuania. In 1741 they founded their own trading company, which acted as a forwarder and factor for business partners in Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, etc. The trading house was engaged in trade in grain, ax and hemp, as well as herring, salt and other goods. It existed until the death of Witte. Witte was a member of the Blue Guard for unwed merchants in Liepaja, while Huecke functioned in the town magistracy from 1754. In accordance with both their testaments, an orphanage was founded in 1798. Das Witteund Hueckesche Waisenhaus zur Wohlfahrt der Stadt Libau, as it was called, existed until the late 1930s. Related materials •

Duke of Courland (reference code: LVVA 554, inventory no. 2), including some accounting books of the trading company: * General ledger, 1779–1785 (item 3162). * Two invoice books, 1753–1757 and 1785–1789 (items 3158 and 3164). * Ledger with data about the buying up of grain in Courland, 1793–1795 (item 3163).

latvia state historical archives

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Publications • •

Lenz, W., et al. (eds.), Deutschbaltisches Biographisches Lexikon 1710 – 1960, (Cologne, 1970), p. 873. Das Witte- und Hueckesche Waisenhaus zur Wohlfahrt der Stadt Libau, 1798–1898 (Liepaja, 1898), pp. 7–11.

LITHUANIA

Lithuania by Rima Cicnien, Rasa Narbutait, Leokadija Olechnovi, Daiva Lukšait and Alfonsas Tamulynas LIBRARY OF THE LITHUANIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Lietuvos Moksl Akademijos Biblioteka Vilnius www.mab.lt

Acts of the Domain of Biržai Record group Acts of the Domain of Biržai Birž vald aktai Reference code : F 31 Period : 1487–1901 Extent : 1453 items, 3.45 metres Abstract The record group includes: bookkeeping concerning manors and villages belonging to the domain of the Dukes of Biržai (north Lithuania); documents pertaining to the town of Biržai; documents disclosing mutual relations between noblemen; matters regarding the administration of the Biržai ordynacja (an estate that was not divided among several heirs but entirely inherited by the eldest son, majorat); acts concerning the Radziwi family and their predecessors; documents concerning the Tyszkiewicz (Tiškeviiai)

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family of the Biržai and Lohoisk lineage, and estates owned by this family in Lithuania, Belarus and the Ukraine; correspondence; and documents regarding farms of small landowners. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1610–1705 : Latvia, Lithuania : Polish, various languages

Relevant materials concerning trade include the ofcial documents of the administrator of Biržai addressed to B. Radziwi (B. Radvila) on the trade of Biržai with Riga, the goods seized near the Daugava River, and a swindle of Riga merchants (nos. 893, 900, 901). Other relevant documents are the order of K. Radziwi (K. Radvila) to the overseers of Biržai and Salamiestis to repair and maintain the roads on which goods from Vilnius to Riga were conveyed (no. 1208), and the testament of the landowner A. Bautzendorf-Kensowski, mentioning his funds, which were deposited with a merchant from Königsberg (nos. 413–415, 417, 423, 430, 431). Accessibility Card catalogue (one card per item) and an inventory (in Lithuanian) (1947–1949). Record creator / provenance Record creators include the following: the Radziwi (Radvilos) family of the Biržai lineage, especially Bogusaw Radziwi (Boguslavas Radvila) (1620–1669); later feudal lords of the domains of Biržai; Counts Tyszkiewicz (Tiškeviiai) of the Lohoisk lineage: Eustachy Tyszkiewicz (Eustachijus Tiškeviius) (1814–1873), archaeologist; Micha Tyszkiewicz (Mykolas Tiškeviius) (1828–1897), librarian; Jan Tyszkiewicz (Jonas Tiškeviius) (1860–1901), historian. Custodial history The record group was transferred to the State Wrublewski (Vrublevskiai) Library in 1933–1935. Later on, it was transferred together with other library collections to the Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences.

library of the lithuanian academy of sciences

879

Albert Liudwik Zasztowt Collection Record group Albert Liudwik Zasztowt Collection Alberto Liudviko Zoštauto kolekcija Reference code : F 273 Period : 1396–1907 Extent : 4127 items, 5.10 metres Abstract The record group includes: A.L. Zasztowt’s correspondence; old acts and copies pertaining to the history of the Polish-Lithuanian state; church documents; wills; cases; inventories of manors; legal documents of the municipal administration of Vilnius; seals of institutions and individuals; and autographs. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1545–1789 : Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland : French, High German, Italian, Latin, Lithuanian, Polish, Russian, Swedish, various languages

Relevant materials concern transaction costs and trade regulations, related to the permanent trade links between Lithuania and Königsberg (Kaliningrad), with Lithuania importing baize, salt, wine, tin, dyes and other goods via the port of Königsberg. The trade links are for example guring in a letter of 1586 from Mikoaj Radziwi (Mikalojus Radvila) to J. Thlukovski about the purchase of baize and wine from Königsberg (no. 2071) and a legal document of the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Wladislas IV about the taxes paid by a merchant from Gdansk (Danzig) in 1653. Various bills and receipts of Königsberg merchants also illustrate the trade links (nos. 221, 712, 2629, 3037, 3044). These receipts show how much peasants paid for imported goods. Another group of documents consists of papers regarding commodities (mostly crops, exported from Lithuania to Königsberg (no. 1674). Part of the trade was conducted via Riga (nos. 719, 749, 1789, 2785). The regularly occurring trade disagreements have been recorded in, for instance, the complaints and cases of 1725–1727, which concern conicts

880

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with merchants from Königsberg, Lublin (east Poland) and Riga (nos. 455, 618, 2511, 3030), and the payment of debts or the failure to do so (nos. 869, 1159, 2251, 3037, 3044). Other relevant documents include the following items: • •

•

• •

422: Documents of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Stephen Bathory (Steponas Batoras) regarding the trade and merchants in Lublin. 959: Instruction of the Treasury Commission of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to the Superintendent of Samogitia regarding taxes on goods exported by merchants from Žagar. 1683: Document of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Sigismund the Old (Žygimantas Senasis) concerning the complaint of a citizen of Lublin, stating that the residents of Kraków did not permit merchants of Wrocaw to travel by road to Lublin. 1756: Document of the Earl of Strvininkai, J.T. Ogiski (J.T. Oginskis), to the cupbearer, ordering 34 wine barrels from Hungary. 2758: Document of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Wladislas IV (Vladislavas IV) concerning the taxes paid by merchants and the town of Gdansk.

Accessibility Card catalogue (one card for each item) and an inventory (in Lithuanian) (1973–1974). Record creator / provenance The materials in this collection have been put together by the antiquarian Albert Liudwik Zasztowt (mid-nineteenth century-1918). Custodial history The record group was acquired in 1956 from the Vilnius restoration workshop. Part of the collection was kept in Germany during World War I and is presently stored in the Secret Central Archives of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation at Berlin.

library of the lithuanian academy of sciences

881

Manuscript Collection B3 Record group Manuscript Collection B3 Rankraši kolekcija B3 Reference code : F 17 Period : 16th–19th centuries Extent : 292 items, 8.53 metres Abstract The record group includes: a description of the borders of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the sixteenth century; resolutions, constitutions and daybooks of the Diets (assembly); acts of various political confederations (including the confederation at Moscow of 1612 and Targovitsa’s confederation in 1792); documents of the Manors of Sapieha (Sapiegos) in Belarus and Lithuania; acts of the T. Kociuszko (T. Kosciuška) uprising in 1794; annals of Slonim, Mogilev, Vitebsk and other towns; documents of a number of political, cultural and educational organisations of Vilnius, such as manuscripts of the Loa wolnomularska (lodge of freemasons), the Loa masoska Gorliwy Litwin (masonic lodge in Vilnius comprising representatives of the University staff, the clergy, the aristocracy and artists), the Towarzystwo Szubrawców (literature society functioning in Vilnius in the period 1817–1822); documents of the Towarzystwa Filomatów and the Towarzystwa Filaretów (secret societies of Vilnius students, functioning in 1817–1823). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1700–1799 : Latvia, Lithuania, Russia : Latvian, Russian

Relevant with regard to trade is item no. 258:  ,           ,  .   (book about the trade with the town of Riga), comprising 41 pages. The volume consists of several parts: •

f. 1r: Translation into Polish of an undated ordinance of the Empress of Russia, Catherine II the Great regarding the trade tariffs in Riga.

882 •

lithuania

ff. 2r–25v: Porzdek Handlu miasta Rygi (trade regulations of Riga), translated from a publication with the same title, issued in St. Petersburg in 1705; this document consists of ve parts (with 141 paragraphs): * I. O Ryzkim handlu w powszechnoci, about Riga’s trade in general. * II. O Ryzkim handlu z Ruskim Panstwowem, about Riga’s trade with the State of Russia. * III. O Ruskim handlu z nabytemi prowincyami, about Russia’s trade with the provinces that came into the possession of Russia. * IV. O Ryzkim handlu z obcemi Panstwami, about Riga’s trade with other states. * V. O Otach, nal provisions.

Then follow two annexes and a table of contents. • • •

ff. 26r–31r: A. Ryzka celna taxa wszelkich z morzem wychodzcych towarow (Riga’s customs duties on the goods exported by sea) ff. 32r–37v: B. Ryzka celna taxa wszelkich morzem przychodzcych towarow (Riga’s customs duties on the goods imported by sea. ff. 38r–42v: List of all the chapters and paragraphs contained in the book.

Accessibility !  "     #   "    . # $ [The le of the Department of Manuscripts of Vilnius Public Library. Vilnius] (1903, 4th edition 1952), inventory (in Lithuanian). Record creator / provenance The collection was assembled in the years 1869–1901 by the employees of the Department of Manuscripts of the Vilnius Public Library from various record groups, mainly from the archives of Sapieha (Sapiegos) in Derechyn and other manors in Lithuania and Belarus, forfeited after the suppression of the uprising of 1863. Some items originate from the Vilnius Museum of Antiquities. Custodial history Originally preserved in stack no. 3 of hall B of the Vilnius Public Library, the collection was transferred by the Tsarist government to Moscow in 1915. In 1946–1951, the collection was brought to the Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences from the V.I. Lenin State Library of the USSR (now the Russian State Library).

library of the lithuanian academy of sciences

883

Ill. 12. Privilege of Alexander, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, granting the residents of Vilnius the right to freely trade within the entire territory of Poland and exempting them from all trade duties, 1502. Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences (Vilnius): “Parchment Collection B1” (reference code: F 1), no. 35.

884

lithuania

Parchment Collection B1 Record group Parchment Collection B1 Pergament rinkinys B1 Reference code : F1 Period : 1187–1868 Extent : 628 items Abstract The record group includes: privileges; documents of the Kings of Poland, the Grand Dukes of Lithuania, the Emperors of Austria and Russia, the Kings of England and other monarchs; indulgences and bulls of the Popes issued to clergymen, gentry, noblemen, churches, local authorities, craftsmen and associations; and statutes of workshops. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1502–1670 : Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia : Latin, Polish, various languages

Relevant materials generally concern trade regulations, merchants and their private estate, and include the following documents: •

• •

•

35: Privilege of Grand Duke Alexander (Aleksandras) of Lithuania granting the residents of Vilnius the right to freely trade within the whole territory of Poland and exempting them from all trade duties. 43: Privilege of Grand Duke Alexander of Lithuania permitting the construction of houses in Vilnius for merchants arriving from abroad. 47, 56, 226: Deeds of the Grand Dukes Sigismund the Elder (Žygimantas Senasis) and Sigismund III (Zigmantas III) of Lithuania conrming the rights and privileges granted earlier to the merchants of Vilnius and Trakai. 58, 185, 201: Privileges conferring the Magdeburg rights on towns, concurrently granting them the right to have market places, exempting foreign merchants from paying duties at these markets and regulating the movements of these merchants.

library of the lithuanian academy of sciences •

• • •

•

•

885

113: Decision taken by the Grand Duke Sigismund the Elder of Lithuania in the case concerning the complaint of a Vilnius resident that the town of Kaunas did not observe the privilege granted to Vilnius residents to freely trade within the whole territory of Lithuania. 178: Custom duties on imports. 254, 467: Acts of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania, exempting merchants from various taxes. 280: Deed of the municipal administration of Kaunas addressed to a resident of Riga, merchant Jurgis Christijonas, noting that he has been accepted to the ranks of the townsmen of Kaunas. 400, 401: Privileges of the Grand Duke Stephen Bathory (Steponas Batoras) of Lithuania, conrming the privileges granted by his predecessors to the town of Krasnystaw (Poland) to collect tolls from merchants for crossing the town’s three bridges. 463: Deed of the Grand Duke Sigismund III of Lithuania addressed to Krasnystaw, permitting it to have a warehouse and ordering the merchants to offer goods for sale within four days.

Accessibility Card catalogue (one card for each item) and a catalogue of parchments (in Lithuanian), by R. Jasas (in 1980). For digital images of materials dating from the period 1187–1500, see: www.mab.lt/pergamentai, and: www.mab.lt/parchments. Access to documents in poor physical condition is restricted. Record creator / provenance The collection was assembled in 1897–1905 by the employees of the Department of Manuscripts of the Vilnius Public Library. Custodial history Originally kept in hall B of the Vilnius Public Library, the collection was transferred by the Tsarist government to Moscow in 1915. In 1946, it was brought to the Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences from the V.I. Lenin State Library of the USSR (now the Russian State Library). Copies Various documents have been digitised or microlmed. Some privileges have been translated.

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Publications •

•

•

• •

• •

•

•

% &,   & #   '  (   [Acts passed by the Vilnius Archaeological Commission], Vols. 10, 20 (Vilnius, 1879, 1893). % &,   )   ,  &   & %'  (   [Acts related to the history of western Russia, collected and published by the Archaeological Commission], Vols. 1, 4 (St. Petersburg, 1863, 1865). %'  (    ", '  *-)   ",   &  "   #   "   " [Collection of archaeological documents pertaining to the history of north-western Russia, issued by the Board of Vilnius Educational District], Vols. 1–14 (Vilnius, 1867–1904). Baliski, M., Historia miasta Wilna [History of the city of Vilnius], Vols. 1–2 (Vilnius, 1836). Kodex dyplomatyczny Wielkiej Polski: zawierajcy bulle papie+ów, nadania ks+at, przywileje miast, klasztorów i wsi, wraz z innemi podobnej treci dyolomatami, tyccemi si/ historyi tej prowincyi od roku 1136 do roku 1597 [Diplomatic code of greater Poland containing papal bulls, orders of dukes, privileges of towns, monasteries and villages, as well as other ofcial documents of a similar character, related to the history of that province from 1136 to 1597], ed. Ed. K. Raczyski (Poznan, 1840). Kraszewski, J.I., Wilno od pocztków jego do roku 1750 [Vilnius from its foundation to 1750], Vol. 1 (Vilnius, 1840). !  "     #   2"     [File of the Department of Manuscripts of the Vilnius Public Library], 5th edition (Vilnius, 1906). Skarbiec diplomatów papiezkich, cesarskich, królewskich, ksi+/cych, uchwa4 narodowych, postanowie ró+nych w4adz i urz/dów, poslugujcych do krytycznego wyjanienia dziejów Litwy, Rusi Litewskiej i ociennych im krajów [Collection of ofcial documents of the popes, kings, dukes, public laws, resolutions of various government bodies and institutions, helping to critically assess the matters of Lithuania, Lithuanian Russia and the neighbouring regions], Vols. 1–2, ed. Ig. Daniowicz (Vilnius, 1860–1862). *  '     : # $&,  , 8 ,   &'  &, ; ,    &   [Collection of old deeds and acts of Vilnius, Kaunas, Trakai, orthodox monasteries, churches, and concerning various matters], Parts 1–2 (Vilnius, 1843).

library of the lithuanian academy of sciences

887

Ill. 13. Privilege of Alexander, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, permitting the construction of houses in Vilnius for merchants from abroad, 1505. Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences (Vilnius): “Parchment Collection B1” (reference code: F 1), no. 43.

888 •

•

lithuania

*  " &'   &' ,  '  <&  &'     ( 1387  1710  ),   #   '     [Collection of state and private acts regarding the history of Lithuania and the territories attached to it (from 1387 to 1710), published by Vilnius Archaeological Commission], Part 1, ed. M. Krupovich (Vilnius, 1858). Zbiór praw y przywilejów miastu sto4ecznemu W.X.L. Wilnowi nadanych na +danie wieku miast koronnych, jako te+ Wielkiego Ksi/stwa Litewskiego [Collection of the right and privileges granted to the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania—Vilnius, upon the request of the royal towns as well as the Grand Duchy of Lithuania], ed. P. Dubiski. (Vilnius, 1788).

Vilnius Chamber of Commerce Record group Vilnius Chamber of Commerce Vilniaus prekybos r@mai Reference code : F 78 Period : 1432–1927 Extent : 218 items, 1.06 metres Abstract The record group includes: copies of the privileges granted to Vilnius traders from 1432 to 1793; acts of revenue and expenditure from 1741 to 1894; documents pertaining to the relationship between Vilnius traders and the municipal administration; court papers; lists of Vilnius craftsmen in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries; correspondence regarding duties; and correspondence with town merchants regarding the protection of property rights. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1432–1799 : Germany, Lithuania, Poland : High German, Latin, Polish, Russian, various languages

library of the lithuanian academy of sciences

889

Relevant papers generally concern merchants, their private estate and trade regulation, and include the following documents: • • • • •

• • • • •

23, 24: Collections of privileges granted to Vilnius merchants, including one nicely bound volume of 650 pages. 26–39, 42–62: Revenue and expenditure accounts of Vilnius merchants regarding goods sold to peasants, eighteenth century. 33, 39 and other items: Lists of taxes collected from merchants, craftsmen of Vilnius and foreigners. 57: Record of expenses with regard to the journey of Vilnius merchants to the Diet of Warsaw, April–June 1774. 87: Minutes of meetings of the Vilnius Chamber of Commerce, its resolutions concerning the situation of trade in Vilnius and ties with other trading towns. 91: Lists of shops of merchants and town people. 116: Papers concerning visiting merchants. 118: Documents concerning the litigation of Vilnius merchants with Warsaw merchants. 135: Price lists of goods for sale and paid for with silver. 141, 145, 148 and other items: Lists of merchants and membership fees.

Accessibility Card catalogue (one card for each item) and an inventory (in Lithuanian) (1952). Record creator / provenance The materials originate from the Congregation of Vilnius Town Traders (1432–1793) and the Vilnius Trading House (1840–1915, 1921–1927). Custodial history The record group was personally kept by H. owmiaski, Professor of History, until 1945.

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LITHUANIAN STATE HISTORICAL ARCHIVES Lietuvos Valstybs Istorijos Archyvas Vilnius www.archyvai.lt

Szaniawski Family Record group Szaniawski Family Šaniavskiai Reference code Period Extent

: 1285 : 1550–1819 : 1002 units, 3 metres

Abstract Some statesmen and clergymen of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania came from the Szaniawski family. The documents of the record group depict their political, public and economic activities, mostly in the eighteenth century. The documents include: •

• • • • • •

Titles to the land conferred by the Grand Dukes of Lithuania and Kings of Poland, Sigismund Augustus, Sigismund Vasa, Jan Casimir, Augustus II and Augustus III. The privilege of Pope Clement X to establish a confraternity at Vilnius Cathedral. Instructions for the deputies of the diets of the Belsk land (in Podlasie). Acts of appointment to the ofce of chief town administrator. Resolutions on the appointment or defrocking of priests. Instructions on the payment of tithes, etc. Documents about the wars with Russia and Sweden, which took place in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (containing information about battles with the Swedish army in the districts of Šiauliai, Plung and Tryškiai).

lithuanian state historical archives • • •

891

Inventories of manorial estates. Illustrations, plans, deeds of purchase, sale, gift endowment and mortgage, contracts of lease of lands, forests, inns, dwelling houses. Genealogical tables, registers of births, marriages and deaths, wills and correspondence on political and personal issues of the Szaniawski family.

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1679–1783 : Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia : High German, Latin, Polish

The documents of the record group cover several aspects of Baltic Sea trade and contain a separate group of les that consists of a few documents pertaining to the trade of the Szaniawski family with merchants from Riga, Königsberg (Kaliningrad), Gdansk and Moscow. These include trade agreements, debt obligations, receipts and rolls, and provide information about imported goods (fruits, coffee, spices, tobacco, fabrics and furs) and exported goods (timber, grains, ax). All these groups of papers are composed of scattered documents, which are all original records and manuscripts. The relevant documents make up about one per cent of the entire record group and cover the period from 1679 to 1783. Accessibility The inventory (no. 1, including a table of place names) is written in Russian, whereas the documents themselves have been written in Latin, German and Polish. Record creator / provenance In 1429 the Grand Duke of Lithuania and the King of Poland, Jogaila, granted large tracts of land in Podlasie (Podlesia, in eastern Poland and western Belarus) to the “six brothers from Szaniawy”. The Szaniawski family consisted of noblemen, closely related by blood or marriage to the uchorski, Kormicki, Chalecki and other famous noble families. They owned manorial estates in Lithuania, Belarus and Poland (Popowa Olsza, Choroszcze, Slovensk, etc.), as well as mansions in Vilnius, Grodno and Trakai. Custodial history The documents are the remnants of the archives kept in the main patrimonial estate of the Szaniawski family, situated in Slovensk. The record

892

lithuania

group was compiled in 1965 by the Lithuanian State Historical Archives from scattered documents relocated from the records of the Vilnius United Courthouse for Civil and Criminal Cases. The inventory (in Russian) and index of place names were drawn up at that time.

Treasury Commission of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Record group Treasury Commission of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Lietuvos Didžiosios KunigaikštystCs iždo komisija Reference code : 11 Period : 1551–1798 Extent : 1595 items, 41 metres Abstract The les of the Treasury Commission of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania consists of les of acts and decrees, rolls, minutes and daybooks. The record group comprises muniments of the kings, rescripts, ordinances, notes of resolutions; inventories of towns, manorial estates, elderships, tenements, burgomasters, manors, demenses, villages, bridges and roads; and lists of Jewish residents. The materials document the legal and administrative functions of the Treasury Commission in the eld of nances within the entire territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The documents of the record group disclose the levying of taxes, the regulation of relations among various strata of society including those between merchants and noblemen, treasury losses, and the collection of duties and other taxes within the entire territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1781–1793 : Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Polish

Various documents concern Baltic Sea trade but they reveal only a few of its many aspects. The main groups of documents pertaining to this theme

lithuanian state historical archives

893

are tax rolls (regestr podatków, nos. 787, 886, 888, 892, 893, 895, 896, 898, 903, 905, 906, 908, 909, 911, 918, 919, 923, 925, 933, 934, 936–939, 943, 944) and the minutes of the Customs Department ( protokó4 Departamentu Celnego or protokó4 celny). The rst group of documents discloses information of a rather general character, specifying sums of money and names of goods, but rarely mentioning geographical names. The les of the minutes of the Customs Department (nos. 236–241) concern all customs-related activities and administrative units in the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, including Samogitia (western part of Lithuania). The administrative unit of Samogitia encompassed the customs of Riga, Druja, Kvetkai, Žagar, Skuodas and Kretinga, while the repartition of Lithuania encompassed the customs of Jurbarkas, Virbalis and Šebravas (all in present-day Lithuania, except for Druja, which is in Belarus). The les of minutes contains information about trade strategies, agreements, transits and routes, tax rates, smuggling, exemption from taxes, imported goods (precious metals such as gold and silver, alcoholic beverages like wine and champagne, fruits, coffee, tea, spices, salt, tobacco, fabrics such as Dutch linen, silk, chintz and batiste, furs and playing cards) and exported goods (timber, grain, ax, etc.). The documents include: • • • •

Ordinance concerning the determination of trade routes across the territory of Poland for Lithuanian merchants. Agreement between the commissioners of the Treasury with regard to the mutual application of duties in Lithuania and Poland. Report about the shipwreck of a Dutch vessel, sailing to Hamburg, near the coast of Palanga. Obligation for the ofcial representatives of Palanga to keep a close watch on a ship sailing from Sweden, to evaluate the conformity of the port of Palanga with the trade purposes.

The les of the minutes are bound. The texts of the documents are very precise. The les contain the original manuscripts of the documents. The documents are arranged in chronological order. The abovementioned documents make up only a small part of the record group. They cover the period from 1781 to 1793. Tax rolls make up 5 per cent of the les for the period from 1551 to 1789. Accessibility Although the documents themselves are in Polish, the nding aid (inventory no. 1) is in Lithuanian and Russian.

894

lithuania

Record creator / provenance The year 1764 saw the start of activities of the Treasury Commission of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It took over the major part of the functions of the Treasury Tribunal of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which had been functioning since 1609. The Treasury Commission was a judicial and administrative institution. It administered the collection of taxes and surcharges, settled disputes between military personnel and civilians, and between merchants and noblemen, supervised measuring and weighing instruments, was engaged in solving issues concerning the cleaning of riverbeds and building of bridges, estimated the expenditure on the maintenance of the army, and controlled the migration of Jewish residents. The Treasury Commission was dissolved in 1794. Custodial history Before the setting-up of the Treasury Commission of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, a part of the documents of the record group belonged to the so-called Treasury Tribunal of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. After 1852, when the “Central Archives of the Files of Old Acts” was established in Vilnius, the records of the Treasury Commission were transferred to the state archives, where they have been preserved ever since. Publications •

Butnas, Domas, Lietuvos Didžiosios KunigaikštystCs valstybini ir visuomenini institucij bruožai XIII–XVIII a (Vilnius, 1997); an outline of the history of state and social institutions of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, with summary in English.

martynas maZvydas national library of lithuania

895

MARTYNAS MAŽVYDAS NATIONAL LIBRARY OF LITHUANIA Lietuvos Nacionalin Martyno Mažvydo Biblioteka Vilnius www.lnb.lt

Prussian Ofcial Documents Collection Record group Prussian Ofcial Documents Collection Pr@sijos oJcialij rašt rinkinys Reference code : OR:F Period : 1542–1863 Extent : 2640 items, 10 metres Abstract The record group comprises the ofcial documents of the domain of the Brandenburg Electoral Prince, the Duchy of Prussia and the Kingdom of Prussia. It contains resolutions (Verordnungen), decrees (Anordnungen), circular notes (Circulare), regulations (Reglement), instructions (Instruction), patents (Patent), announcements (Awertissement), forms (Formular), orders to the army (Ordonnance), agreements (Cartel), declarations, proclamations, general pardons and other documents. The materials include a large number of edicts (Edicten, ordinances or orders), and regulations of the monarchs reigning between the sixteenth and early nineteenth centuries. These legal acts were binding for all (groups of) subordinates, intended for the entire state or a specic region. The documents had a utilitarian meaning, regulated the functioning of the state (its institutions, churches, schools, spheres of crafts, trade, law) and dened the duties and obligations of the subordinates. The institutions of the executive power of Prussia had an exclusive right to issue minor publications: administrative ordinances, instructions, warnings and other documents of a similar nature.

896

lithuania

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1619–1792 : Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, the Netherlands : High German

Relevant items concern trade terms and conditions, import and export, and maritime issues. About ten documents deserve special mention. These include the ordinance issued on 10 May 1619 by the Margrave of Brandenburg Johann Sigizmundt (OR:F.1619.V.10), and re-issued on 25 October 1621 by the Margrave of Brandenburg Georg Wilhelm (OR:F.1621. X.25). It deals with trade in the port of Memel (Klaipeda). The demand for issuing these ordinances was determined by complaints from Königsberg (Kaliningrad) regarding the unlawful maritime trade carried out by Memel residents. The ordinances mention the Kingdom of Poland, the Master of the Teutonic Order and his successor the duke of Prussia, the Dutch and Gdansk (Danzig). The enumerated goods were wine, beer, salt, herring, iron and steel. Several documents regulated the trade in the port of Pillau (Baltijsk). One document dated 1 September 1637 concerns the entering of the harbour by foreign ships, their registration and trade activities (OR:F.1637.IX.1). Another document, dated 16 March 1682, discusses navigation on the waterway of Pillau, prohibiting local residents and shermen to plunder ships run aground or wrecked. It mentions Balga (Teutonic Knights castle), Fischhausen (Primorsk in the Kaliningrad region) and Brandenburg (OR:F.1682.III.16). A third document contains the regulation of 27 December 1792, which laid down the rules concerning the carriage of goods in the Pillau harbourage of East Prussia (OR:F.1792.XII.27). The regulation mentions Elblag (Elbing), Memel and Braunsberg (Braniewo, northeastern Poland). Taxes and excise duties on goods transported to the Duchy of Prussia are referred to in a fourth document dated 1 May 1658 (OR:F.1658.V.1). One document, dated 14 May 1691, concerns Pollesk (Kaliningrad region) and deals with creels and nets obstructing trade and navigation (OR: F.1691.V.14). The decree of King Friedrich I of Prussia, issued on 9 February 1708, pertains to navigation on the Pregel River (Pregolya in the Kaliningrad region). It discusses the procedure for transporting goods and mentions Poland, Lithuania and Russia (OR:F.1708.II.9). The registration of arriving ships and the inspection and taxation of goods are regulated in the decree of King Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia issued on 18 March 1716 (OR:F.1716.III.18). The decree of King Friedrich II of Prussia, issued on 14 October 1772, concerns the procedure for importing salt by ships owned by a maritime trading company (OR:F.1772.X.14).

martynas maZvydas national library of lithuania

897

Accessibility An electronic catalogue (in Lithuanian) of the holdings of the Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania is available at: www.libis.lt/lt/welcome.html. Record creator / provenance Because of the absence of a single creator of the record group, the Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania assembled it according to the type of documents. Custodial history In the years 1945–1947, the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences organised archaeological expeditions to East Prussia and the Klaipeda region (under the guidance of professor Povilas Pakarklis) in order to preserve documents signicant for Prussian history from areas ravaged by World War II. These were transferred to the former State Central Library of the Lithuanian SSR.

THE NETHERLANDS

The Netherlands by Edda Frankot and Hanno Brand REGIONAL HISTORICAL CENTRE ALKMAAR Regionaal Historisch Centrum Alkmaar Alkmaar www.archiefalkmaar.nl

Sailors’ Trust at Graft Record group Sailors’ Trust at Graft Zeevarende Buul te Graft Reference code : not applicable Period : 1634–1810 Extent : 9 items, 0.3 metres Abstract This collection consists of the administration of the Zeevarende Buul, a sailors’ trust at Graft in the province of North-Holland. It consists of contracts, accounts and regulations, registers of paid contributions and documents regarding the ransom of specic sailors and information concerning whalers. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1634–1810 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

902

the netherlands

Relevant are the accounts, remittances and registers of contributions of sailors, which give information on people involved in trade and shipping, and on the practice of ransoming sailors in captivity. • •

•

1: Contracts, accounts and regulations regarding the sailors’ trust or Zeevarende Buul, 1634–1657, 1742, 1810 (1 folder). 2–5: Registers of administration of the Zeevarende Buul, including resolutions, receipts and expenses, remittances and accounts, 1640–1808 (4 volumes). 7: Register of contributions of sailors, 1703–1792 (1 volume).

Accessibility Inventaris van het archief van de Zeevarende Buul te Graft 1634–1810 (Alkmaar 2005) (not yet available online). Record creator / provenance The Zeevarende Buul was a trust to which skippers, helmsmen and sailors from the judicial area (banne) of Graft paid a certain sum after a successful sea voyage. The trust was designed to ransom sailors who had been taken into captivity, or to pay out a sum for their maintenance.

Town Archives, 1254–1816 Record group Town Archives, 1254–1816 Stadsarchief, 1254–1816 Reference code : not applicable Period : 1254–1816 Extent : 2935 items, 96 metres Abstract This collection consists of the remaining administration of the town of Alkmaar until 1816. It includes the town’s general and nancial administration, and documents regarding members of government, population, property, public works, trade and industry, church matters, health, public order and justice, education, charity, military matters and the town as a member of the provincial and national government.

regional historical centre alkmaar

903

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1524–1814 : Denmark, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

As Alkmaar was not a sea port, only some documents specically relating to the Baltic Sea region and to shipping in general are relevant. Also important are the resolutions of the States of Holland and West-Friesland. FINANCES Debts •

665: Documents regarding the share of Alkmaar in the loan of the States of Holland to the King of Denmark, worth 600,000 guilders, with the Sound and Norwegian tolls as security, 1657–1795 (1 folder).

Taxes •

•

1248: Ordinance of the States of Holland regarding the national impost, as well as documents regarding the plan to change the convooien en licenten (a lastage for the protection of shipping), 1711–1732 (1 volume). 1251–1255: Registers of receipt of the 40th and 80th penny on the sale or mortgage of ships, 1746–1808 (5 volumes).

TRADE AND INDUSTRY Guilds • •

1966: Documents regarding the skippers’ guild, 1608–1814 (1 folder). 1983: Documents regarding the shipwrights’ guild, 1781–1808 (1 folder).

Other subjects •

1994: Documents regarding the Company of Commerce, Navigation and Insurance of the town of Alkmaar, founded in 1720, 1720 (1 folder).

904

the netherlands

ALKMAAR AS MEMBER OF THE STATES OF HOLLAND AND WEST-FRIESLAND •

• •

•

2427–2704: Resolutions of the States of Holland and West-Friesland, 1524–1793, printed with handwritten notes (278 volumes); nos. 2705–2722 are indexes, 1524–1790 (18 volumes). 2723–2814: Incoming documents of the States of Holland and WestFriesland, 1582–1795 (52 volumes and 40 folders). 2815–2830: Secret resolutions of the States of Holland and West-Friesland, 1653–1790, printed (16 volumes); nos. 2831–2832 are indices, 1653–1751 (2 volumes). 2833–2872 : Incoming letters from the representatives at the provincial meetings (gedeputeerden ter dagvaart), 1702–1795 (10 folders and 30 volumes).

Accessibility W.A. Fasel, “Inventaris van het archief van de stad Alkmaar, 1254–1816” (2001); also available online at the repository’s website.

EEMLAND ARCHIVES Archief Eemland Amersfoort www.archiefeemland.nl

Town Council Amersfoort Record group Town Council Amersfoort Stadsbestuur Amersfoort Reference code : 0001.01 Period : 1300–1810 Extent : 3330 items, 161.7 metres

eemland archives

905

Abstract These archives consist of the administration of the town council of Amersfoort (in the province of Utrecht) up to 1810. They contain general documents regarding this administration, such as resolutions, by-laws, ordinances and privileges, and documents regarding particular subjects, such as the property and capital of the town, nances, relations with the rest of the province and other provinces, the defence of the town, infrastructure, care for the population, church and economic matters. Also included are a collection of manuscripts and various separate charters. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1639–1777 : Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, Latin

Relevant are a few items concerning diplomatic and trade relations with the Baltic Sea and immigration. All these belong to the section of administration regarding particular subjects. PROPERTY / CAPITAL Debts and claims •

445: Documents regarding the reimbursement of expenses made at the passing through of Tsar Peter the Great of Russia, 1716–1718 (1 folder).

CARE FOR THE POPULATION Justice •

•

4669–173: Vidimus by the burgomasters and council of Gdansk of a charter of transfer d.d. 21 June 1641 regarding the inheritance of Theodora Henrichs of Amersfoort to Catharina Bogusski of Gdansk, 1641 (1 charter). 1901: Documents regarding the handling of the States of Utrecht of a complaint by the Swedish envoy, baron De Geer, to extradite Anna Maria Blackstadia and Erland Fogelberg and the refusal of the Amersfoort court to comply with this, 1777 (1 quire and 2 pieces).

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the netherlands

Health and hygiene •

1927: Letter by the States General to the States of Utrecht regarding a contagious disease raging in Hamburg and the provisions taken with regard to shipping and other trafc to and from this town, 1713, copy (1 piece).

CHURCH MATTERS • •

4703–139: Charter of hereditary lease of a courtyard and house in Amersfoort to Harman Gijsberts, living in Riga, 1651 (1 charter). 2071: Letter of the States of Utrecht to the town council regarding provisions against persons belonging to the Arian, Samosaterian and Socinian sects, who have ed here from Poland, 1639, with a letter of the States General to the States of Utrecht, 1639 (2 pieces).

Accessibility A.F.M. Reichgelt, “Inventaris van de archieven van het stadsbestuur van Amersfoort, 1300–1810” (2003); also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance The town of Amersfoort received town rights in 1259 and from that time thrived as a regional market, at which especially beer, cloth and, later on, peat were traded. This market declined in the seventeenth century, however, and in the mid-eighteenth century Amersfoort had only 8000 inhabitants. The town was not involved in any active Baltic Sea trade.

city archives amsterdam

907

CITY ARCHIVES AMSTERDAM Stadsarchief Amsterdam Amsterdam stadsarchief.amsterdam.nl

Backer Family and Related Families Record group Backer Family and Related Families Familie Backer en aanverwante families Reference code : 172 Period : 16th–20th centuries Extent : 876 items, 15 metres Abstract This collection contains papers from the Backer family and related families. Included are documents of a general nature, such as inventories, old genealogies and coats of arms, papers of individual families and persons, like testaments and correspondence, and pieces of non-distinguishable family members who were part of the town or provincial government, including letters of envoys and consuls to the States General. The fth section consists of documents from the Amsterdam orphan masters (weesmeesters) regarding the De la Court family. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1606–1661 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, Latin, Low German, Swedish

Relevant is some correspondence regarding relations with the Baltic Sea area:

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the netherlands

DOCUMENTS OF INDIVIDUAL FAMILIES AND PERSONS Jacob Schaep (1486–1544) and Ael Duynen •

489: Warrants of attorney for Jacob Schaep by Arent van der Schelling at Gdansk (Danzig), 1519 and 1524 (2 pieces).

DOCUMENTS OF DIFFERENT, NON-DISTINGUISHABLE, FAMILIES AND PERSONS Documents regarding administrative matters •

•

•

•

•

679: Letters and other documents from and regarding persons and events abroad, without any clear connection to institutions or persons in the Netherlands, probably functioning as appendices to the letters under nos. 680–683, from 1606–1651 and undated (18 pieces). Including: * Letter of the King of Poland to the Gdansk magistrates, 1651 (1 piece). 681: Letters and documents regarding negotiations of the States General with representatives of foreign powers, 1616–1620 (15 pieces). Including: * Correspondence with Michaila Fedorowitz, Grand Duke of all Russians, 1617 (2 pieces). * Correspondence with Johannes Skyte, envoy of Sweden, 1618 (1 piece). 682: Letters to the States General and the States of Holland from envoys, consuls and other authorities, 1642–1651 (1 bundle). Including: * Letters from Hamburg by H. Schrasser, 1642–1650 (19 pieces). * Letters from Elseneur (Helsingør) by C. van Cracauw, 1642–1646 (13 pieces), and F. de Vries, 1648–49 (2 pieces). * Letters from Königsberg (Kaliningrad) and Gdansk by P. Pels, 1642– 1650 (12 pieces). * Letters from Stockholm by M. Romer, 1649 (1 piece). 683: Unsigned and unaddressed letters with information for institutions within the Dutch Republic, 1643–1652 and undated (17 pieces). Including: * Letter from Thorn (Torun), 1645 (1 piece) (with a copy of a letter to the Gdansk magistrates). 690: Letter to the burgomasters of Gdansk from the queen of Sweden, regarding the fugitive Willem Nesselraet, 1661 (1 piece).

city archives amsterdam

909

Accessibility I.H. van Eeghen, Inventaris van het archief van de familie Backer, 16e–20e eeuw (Amsterdam 1954, 1995), including introduction in Dutch. This inventory is also available at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance Besides the Backer family, parts of the archives of some other families are included in this collection: (Le) Gillon, Van der Voort, Stockmans, Schaep, Elias, Rendorp and Alewijn. Custodial history In 1910 the Backer Stichting (Backer foundation) was founded in Amsterdam in order to acquire and maintain the collection of paintings, family portraits, archives, etc., of Cornelis Henrick Backer esquire. In 1950 the main family archives (ca. 8 metres) were transferred to the Amsterdam City Archives. The part of the collection remaining under the guardianship of the foundation contains theses, family bibles, etc., and is also included in the inventory. Copies A copy of no. 489 can be found in the archives of the Bicker family and related families (reference code: 195): no. 718, a collection of (copies of ) documents including this copy, which is also individually numbered: no. 668.

Bailiff and Aldermen, Aldermen and Subordinate Courts Record group Bailiff and Aldermen, Aldermen and Subordinate Courts Schout en Schepenen, Schepenen en subalterne rechtbanken Reference code : 5061 Period : 1524–1811 Extent : 3152 items, 220 metres

910

the netherlands

Abstract This collection contains the administration of the court of bailiff and aldermen, the aldermen’s bench and subordinate courts. Included are a large number of registers and documents regarding criminal cases, but some civil cases are also to be found, for instance concerning nancial matters. In addition, there are registers of the seizure of goods (for example ships) and insurance and average cases. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1524–1811 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are mainly those registers and documents that concern the seizure and sale of seized ships, hurt and deceased sailors, and insurance and average cases: •

• • •

• • • • • • •

2118–2156 (2162): Registers of seizures of houses, ships and obligations (items 2118–2124 have an index on buyers and persons whose goods were seized), 1653–1801 (1811) (38 volumes). 2184: Draft register of sales of ships under distress, 1788–1811 (1 volume). 2185: Register of cancellation of ships sold under distress, 1796–1811 (1 volume). 2490–2612: Roll of the commissioners for maritime matters (commissarissen van de zeezaken), 1641–1811 (123 volumes); index in nos. 2613–2615, 1769–1809 (3 volumes). 2616: Register of reports on maritime matters, 1770–1775 (1 volume); with separate index. 2623: List of ships that have contributed for the benet of mutilated ofcers and sailors, 1754–1794 (1 volume). 2624–2632: Register of sailors passed away at sea, 1774–1807; nos. 2631–2632 also contain lists of arrived vessels. 2633–2635: Roll of insurance cases, 1744–1810 (3 volumes). 2636–2658: Roll of general average cases, 1745–1806 (23 volumes). 2791–2805: Decisions on insurance cases, 1700–1797 (15 volumes). 2806–2924: Decisions on general average cases, 1700–1810 (119 volumes).

city archives amsterdam

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Accessibility Inventory available at the repository’s website (this inventory is more upto-date than the printed version available in the reading room). Three indexes on the decisions in general average cases are available: on ships’ names, captains’ names and sailing route (ports of departure and arrival, all Baltic ports are included). There is also an index on statements regarding average made before notaries public, from which can be determined which notaries specialised in these types of statements.

Benjamin Burlamacchi Record group Benjamin Burlamacchi Benjamin Burlamacchi Reference code :1 Period : 1665–1691 Extent : 859 items, 4 metres Abstract The personal archives of Benjamin Burlamacchi contain bookkeeping and documents regarding lawsuits and disputes. They also include papers from the Amsterdam trading house Burlamacchi and a large amount of correspondence. This correspondence makes up the bulk of the archives. This record group can only be described as the personal archives of Benjamin Burlamacchi. It does not contain documents concerning any other members of the Burlamacchi family, nor can it be seen as the archives of the Burlamacchi trading house, since it does not contain papers of Benjamin’s brother Jean who started the company, nor of Jean’s son Daniel, who took over the company with his brother-in-law Jean du Bourg as “Dubourg and Burlamacchi” in 1691. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1663–1691 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Poland, the Netherlands : Dutch, Italian, Low German, various languages

Relevant materials include the following items:

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the netherlands

BOOKKEEPING • • • • •

•

• • • • •

1–2: Journals, 1671–1675, 1686–1687 (1 volume and 1 portfolio, of which the latter was missing at the time of research). 3: “B”, ledger, 1671–1675 (1 volume). 4: Libro di conti correnti C, current accounts book with correspondence, including index, 1677–1682 (1 volume). 5: Banco & Cassa, cashbook, 1680–1682 (1 volume). 6: “A”, register of notes on purchase and selling prices, expenses and places of origin and destination of merchandise, and commercial customs, including index on place names and matters, 1661–1665, drawn up in 1665 (1 volume). 7: Register recording invoices and expenses per business transaction, 1671–1672 (pp. 1–130), and a running accounts book, 1668–1676 (pp. 131–199), including index on personal names (1 volume). 8: Libbro di cambio, register recording settled bills of exchange, 1671– 1675 (1 volume). 9: Grasso di conti, register recording invoices and expenses per business transaction, 1680–1691 (1 volume). 10: Register of copies of sent invoices (incomplete), including index, 1684 (pp. 8–22), and a journal, 1686–1687 (unpaginated) (1 volume). 11–36: Accounts and invoices, ordered alphabetically, 1672–1691 (26 folders). 37–45: Accounts and invoices, ordered chronologically, 1674–1691 (9 folders).

LAWSUITS AND DISPUTES •

46–61: Documents concerning lawsuits and disputes, ordered alphabetically on name of opponent, 1668–1691 (15 folders and 1 bundle).

MISCELLANEOUS • •

• •

62: Documents concerning the partnership with Joachim Winstman, 1680–1690 (1 folder). 65: Marine insurance policies for the ships De Nieuwe Stadt Herberg, De Jupiter, ’t Nieuwe Eijlandt and De Juff. Elisabeth, 1683–1686 (3 pieces). 66: Bills of lading regarding goods to and from Burlamacchi, 1679–1681, 1684, 1687 (1 folder). 68: Protests, attestations and other documents, 1670–1685 (1 folder).

city archives amsterdam • • •

913

69: Lists of ordered and sent goods, 1684–1685 (1 folder). 70: Bills of exchange, 1679–1685 (1 folder). 71: Letters, protests, procurations, accounts, case files, notes, etc., 1670–1685 (1 bundle).

BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE • • •

• •

72: Libro di copia van de Compagnie. B, copybook of outgoing letters, 1683–1687, 1690 (1 volume). 231: Letters from Denmark, including a letter from Holtz at Copenhagen, 1681 (1 piece, lm no. 6614). 232–451: Letters from Germany, including (in nos. 303–348) letters from various people at Hamburg, 1663–1690 (542 pieces, lm nos. 6616–6617) and (in no. 412) a letter from Christoph Schrader at Lübeck, 1686 (1 piece, lm no. 6618). 734–745: Letters from Poland, including (in no. 745) letters from Frantz Heinrich Lasius at Gdansk (Danzig), 1686 (3 pieces). 754–755: Letters from Russia, including (in no. 754) a letter from Joan Paul Stoll at Tallinn (Reval), 1686 (1 piece), and (in no. 755) letters from Hendrick Hintze and Pieter Offkinghk at Riga, 1682 (2 pieces).

Accessibility Inventory with introduction (in Dutch), also available on the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance Benjamin Burlamacchi was born in Geneva in 1643 and settled in Amsterdam as a merchant in 1665, continuing the business of his deceased brother Jean. Burlamacchi traded in various types of goods throughout the Baltic and the rest of Europe, and the Dutch colonies in the East and West Indies, and was also involved in whaling. In 1690 he joined the Dutch East India Company as opperkoopman (chief merchant) and in 1691 he emigrated with his family to Bengal via Batavia. He died there in 1697. The archives were discontinued at Benjamin Burlamacchi’s emigration and deposited with his business minder Nathanael Gautier. Copies Parts of the business correspondence (nos. 231, 303–348 and 412) are available on microlm (nos. 6614, 6616–6618), which can be consulted in the reading room. No. 745 is available on michroche (no. 62).

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the netherlands

Brants Family and Related Families Record group Brants Family and Related Families Familie Brants en aanverwante families Reference code : 88 Period : 1660–1942 Extent : 1849 items, 53 metres Abstract The record group consists of the eighteenth-century personal and business correspondence and the bookkeeping of various members of the Brants family, who played an important role in Amsterdam economic life in this century and were involved in many companies. Quirijn Brants (1668–1741) and his descendants also looked after the interests of the Swedish branch of the De Geer family, who traded in iron and weaponry. Through inheritances, the business archives of the related Leeuw, De Neufville and Bevel families were added to the Brants family archives, which also include some documents regarding the artist Jan van der Heyden (1637–1712) and his family. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1660–1810 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, various languages

Relevant documents include the business archives of ve rms and businessmen active in the Baltic area: Quirijn Brants and son; David Leeuw; Pieter de Neufville; Jan Isaak de Neufville and Anna Bevel; and Simon Bevel and Reyna de Vries. Besides business correspondence with many ports in the Baltic, relevant materials mainly include account books, journals, ledgers, invoice books, cashbooks, receipts, bills of exchange, bills of lading and insurance policies.

city archives amsterdam

915

BUSINESS ARCHIVES BRANTS Firm Quirijn Brants and son Correspondence •

•

•

•

• •

480–496: Letters to Quirijn Brants and son from members of the De Geer family, 1717–1806 (7 bundles). Including letters from: * 480: Antoine de Geer at Stockholm and Utrecht, 1745–1756 (1 bundle). * 481: Ulrique Charlot Taube, married to Antione de Geer, at Stockholm and Österby, 1756–1760 (14 pieces). 497–503: Letters to Quirijn Brants and son from Scandinavia, 1729–1799 (5 bundles). Among other papers letters from: * 497: Elseneur (Helsingør), 1729–1767 (48 pieces and 2 bundles). * 498: Finspong, 1756 (1 piece). * 499: Göteborg, 1790–1794 (18 pieces). * 500: Copenhagen, 1762–1763 (3 pieces). * 501: Norrköping (including some letters from Stockholm), 1728–1738, 1756–1767, 1778–1779, 1784–1798, 1810 (39 pieces plus 9 copies of replies and 6 bundles). * 502: Skiarkind (near Norrköping), 1761 (1 piece). * 503: Stockholm, 1728–1731, 1746, 1764–1765, 1767 (9 pieces plus 1 copy of reply and 1 bundle). 504–506: Letters to Quirijn Brants and son from the Baltic region, 1763–1787 (1 bundle). Among other papers letters from: * 504: Gdansk (Danzig), 1767, 1785–1786 (11 pieces plus 2 copies of replies). * 505: Riga, 1763, 1783–1787 (1 bundle and 6 pieces plus 3 copies of replies). * 506: Wismar, 1767 (1 piece). 507–508: Letters to Quirijn Brants and son from the German Empire, 1728–1762 (3 pieces). Including letters from: * 507: Hamburg, 1728, 1756 (2 pieces). 518: Letters to Quirijn Brants and son from skippers, 1730–1780 (19 pieces). 520–530: Copybooks of outgoing letters of Quirijn Brants and son, 1700–1771 (11 volumes).

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Documents regarding specic matters • • •

541: Copies of letters to Quirijn Brants and son from Stockholm regarding the supply of a canon, 1735 (2 pieces). 547: Marine insurance policies for Quirijn Brants and son, 1755–1781 (1 bundle). 553: Documents regarding the salvage of iron, a canon and Swedish iron from the cast ashore ship the Elisabeth (these goods were addressed to Quirijn Brants and son), 1763 (3 pieces).

Finances • • • • • • • •

•

556: Account book of Quirijn Brants and son, 1697–1801 (1 volume). 557–562: Journal of Quirijn Brants and son, 1697–1705, 1715–1773 (6 volumes). 563–568: Ledger of Quirijn Brants and son (nos. 563–565 with a separate index), 1697–1704, 1715–1778 (6 volumes). 569: Invoice book of received and sent goods of Quirijn Brants and son, 1699–1702 (1 volume). 570: Draft notes of Quirijn Brants regarding various receipts and expenses, among which running accounts, 1719–1726 (1 volume). 571–574: Cashbook of Quirijn Brants and son, 1728–1799 (4 volumes). 575: Accounts and receipts for Quirijn Brants and son, 1728–1790 (3 bundles). 576–581: Copiaboeck van reeckeningen, register of running accounts, bills of receipts and expenses of Quirijn Brants and son, 1728–1760, 1767–1800 (6 volumes). 582: Copiaboeck van vercoopreeckeninge en onkosten, register of bills of receipts and expenses of Quirijn Brants and son regarding a canon and iron sold on behalf of Jan Jacob de Geer, 1729–1731 (1 volume).

Documents regarding the administration by Quirijn Brants and son on behalf of the De Geer family •

•

598: Advice by J.M. Quinkhard to Quirijn Brants and son regarding the transport of some paintings from the house of the De Geer family to Sweden, 1757 (1 piece). 604: Abstract from the acts of the Walonian Classis regarding the conrmation of a preacher, who will be employed at the house of the De Geer family in Sweden, 1660 (1 piece).

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606: Document regarding the interest on payments from the Halland properties in Sweden, deriving from Elias Trip, which are collected by Quirijn Brants for the De Geer family, 1732 and undated (5 pieces).

Miscellaneous •

637: Letter from Philip Bauman at St. Petersburg to Jolle Jolles at Amsterdam, fragment of a letter from Gdansk and copies of letters, originating from papers of Quirijn Brants and son, 1745 and undated (3 pieces).

VAN DER HEYDEN (WITH LEEUW): LEEUW David Leeuw (1682–1755) Correspondence •

•

•

866: Letters to David Leeuw at Warmond, various German towns, Amsterdam and Weesp from his closest relatives, 1695–1753, among others from Jan Leeuw at Amsterdam, London, Hamburg, Archangel and Moscow, 1699–1723 (2 bundles). 945–953: Letters to David Leeuw from the Baltic region, 1701–1743 (1 bundle). Among other papers letters from: * 945: Gdansk (Danzig), 1705, 1729 (4 pieces). * 946: Kiel, 1704–1708 (6 pieces). * 947: Kolobrzeg (Kolberg), 1714 (1 piece). * 948: Königsberg (Kaliningrad), 1705–1723 (2 bundles). * 949: Lübeck, 1701, 1706–1710 (10 pieces). * 950: Narva, 1724–1726, 1728, 1743 (24 pieces plus 1 copy of reply). * 951: Reval (Tallinn), 1705–1708 (9 pieces). * 952: Riga, 1705–1709, 1710–1716, 1718–1722 (45 pieces plus 10 copies of replies). * 953: Stralsund, 1714 (1 piece). 978–983: Letters to David Leeuw from Scandinavia, 1704–1737, 1 bundle. Among other papers letters from: * 978: Aalborg (Alborg), 1714–1715 (9 pieces). * 979: Elseneur (Helsingør), 1722, 1724–1734 (22 pieces plus 17 copies of replies). * 980: Malmö, 1712 (1 piece). * 981: Stockholm, 1718–1719 (5 pieces). * 983: Viborg (Viipuri), 1704–1724 (2 bundles and 6 pieces).

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984–986: Letters to David Leeuw from Russia, 1712–1730 (1 bundle). Among other papers letters from: * 984: Archangel, including letters (some actually written at Moscow) from Bodisco and Van Dort, 1720–1724, and from Hendrik Swellengrebel, 1713–1719. * 985: Moscow, 1712–1715, 1717–1718, 1720–1721, 1723–1725 (39 pieces plus 5 copies of replies, some of which written at Archangel). * 986: Wolgda, 1720 (1 piece). 999: Letters to David Leeuw from skippers, among other places at Narva, Elseneur (Helsingør), Reval (Tallinn), Göteborg, Gdansk (Danzig), Stockholm, the Sound, Viborg (Viipuri) and Kronstadt, 1713–1754 (1 bundle). 1001: Copybook of outgoing letters from David Leeuw, with index, 1703–1719 (1 volume).

Finances • • • •

•

1004: Ledger of David Leeuw, 1704–1725 (1 volume). 1005: Accounts, receipts and bills of exchange of David Leeuw, 1704–1754 (12 bundles). 1006: Documents regarding the settlement of the estate of David Leeuw, 1755–1757 and undated (10 pieces). 1029–1046: Various documents regarding the trade in goods (among other places from the Baltic region) by David Leeuw, 1705–1731, 1747. Among other papers: * 1029: Bills of lading for David Leeuw, 1705–1723 (1 bundle). * 1030: Bills of lading by Jan van der Heyden at Rotterdam, shipped for David Leeuw, 1705–1713 (1 bundle). * 1031: Insurance policies for David Leeuw of shipped goods, 1706–1720 (12 pieces). * 1041: Documents regarding the supply of oxen to David Leeuw by Nicolaas Archtander at Viborg (Viipuri) through the agency of skipper Joucke Esges, 1722 (5 pieces). * 1045: Notes by David Leeuw regarding the toll inspector at Viborg (Viipuri) and regarding goods cast ashore on the island of Werk (?), 1730–1731 and undated (3 pieces). 1047–1054: Various documents about the partaking in ships by David Leeuw, 1707–1744 (24 pieces, 2 volumes and 1 bundle).

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DE NEUFVILLE (WITH DE NEUFVILLE VAN DER HOOP): DE NEUFVILLE Pieter de Neufville (1694–1740) Finances (Isaak and Pieter de Neufville) • •

• • • • •

• • • •

1133: Accounts and receipts of Pieter de Neufville, 1730–1738 (1 bundle). 1139–1153: Letters to Isaak and Pieter de Neufville from the German Empire and the Baltic region, 1736–1739 (1 bundle). Among other papers letters from: * 1140: Gdansk (Danzig), 1738 (7 pieces plus 2 copies of replies, some of which were written at Königsberg (Kaliningrad)). * 1142: Güstrow, 1736–1738 (14 pieces). * 1146: Lübeck, 1738–1739 (9 pieces plus 1 copy of reply). * 1148: Mitau, 1739 (2 pieces). 1154: Letters to Isaak and Pieter de Neufville from Wijnant van Vrelant at Stockholm, 1730–1734 (6 pieces). 1159–1160: Copybook of outgoing letters from Isaak and Pieter de Neufville, 1731–1743 (2 volumes). 1161–1163: Cashbook of Isaak and Pieter de Neufville, 1716–1739 (3 volume). 1164: Documents regarding bills of exchange drawn by and on Isaak and Pieter de Neufville, 1718–1726 (6 pieces). 1166: Register of settlements of accounts by Isaak and Pieter de Neufville with merchants and brokers, to whom goods were delivered, 1719–1739 (1 volume). 1167: Register of inventories and balance sheets of Isaak and Pieter de Neufville, 1723–1738 (1 volume). 1168: Accounts and receipts for Isaak and Pieter de Neufville, 1727–1738 (1 bundle). 1171: Ledger of Isaak and Pieter de Neufville, with separate index, 1734–1747 (1 volume). 1172–1173: Journal of Isaak and Pieter de Neufville, 1735–1747 (2 volumes).

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Jan Isaak de Neufville (1706–1772) and Anna Bevel (1717–1742) Correspondence •

•

•

•

1267–1275: Letters to Jan Isaak de Neufville (and company) from Eastern Friesland and North Sea harbours, 1730–1765 (10 bundles). Including letters from: * 1267: Altona, 1730–1763 (24 pieces, 3 bundles). * 1269: Bremen, 1742–1763 (18 pieces). * 1272: Hamburg, 1732–1765 (87 pieces and 3 bundles). 1276–1291: Letters to Jan Isaak de Neufville (and company) from the Baltic region, 1730–1765 (9 bundles). Among other papers letters from: * 1276: Gdansk (Danzig), A: 1730, 1742, 1748–1764 (58 pieces and 3 bundles), B: 1744–1765 (3 bundles and 38 pieces). * 1277: Elblag (Elbing), 1752–1764 (6 bundles and 18 pieces). * 1278: Güstrow, 1740–1763 (32 pieces and 2 bundles). * 1279: Karlshafen, 1754–1757 (12 pieces). * 1280: Kiel, 1744–1745 (3 pieces). * 1281: Kolobrzeg (Kolberg), 1753, 1755–1756 (10 pieces). * 1282: Königsberg (Kaliningrad), A: 1752–1764 (3 bundles), B: 1758– 1764 (1 bundle), C: 1738–1763 (3 bundle and 60 pieces). * 1283: Libau (Liepaja), 1742, 1754–1760 (37 pieces). * 1284: Lübeck, 1743–1763 (25 pieces and 1 bundle). * 1285: Memel (Klaipeda), 1749–1750 (1 bundle). * 1286: Mitau, 1747–1756, 1762–1764 (1 bundle and 5 pieces). * 1287: Pillau (Baltisk), 1758–1759 (2 pieces). * 1288: Riga, 1741–1764 (70 pieces and 3 bundles). * 1289: Rostock, 1743–1765 (17 pieces). * 1290: Szczecin (Stettin), 1759–1763 (13 pieces). * 1291: Stralsund, 1743–1744 (2 pieces). 1321–1325: Letters to Isaak de Neufville (and comp.) from Scandinavia, 1731–1763 (1 bundle). Among other papers letters from: * 1321: Brevik, 1763 (1 piece). * 1322: Elseneur (Helsingør), 1734–1741, 1754–1762 (12 pieces). * 1323: Göteborg, 1731–1736 (11 pieces). * 1324: Karlskrona, 1736–1743 (1 bundle and 2 pieces). * 1325: Copenhagen, 1744–1749, 1761–1763 (26 pieces plus 2 copies of replies). * 1326: Stockholm, 1762 (1 piece). 1327: Letters to Jan Isaak de Neufville (and company) from St. Petersburg, 1742–1763 (1 bundle).

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1398: Letters to Jan Isaak de Neufville (and comp.) of skippers, among other places at Königsberg (Kaliningrad), Elseneur (Helsingør), Gdansk (Danzig), Kolobrzeg (Kolberg), Libau (Liepaja), Szczecin, St. Petersburg, Göteborg, Riga and Pernau (Pärnu), 1748–1764 (1 bundle). 1400–1414: Copybook of outgoing letters from Jan Isaak de Neufville (and comp.), 1726–1773 (15 volumes).

Financial affairs • • • • • • • •

•

1422: Book of accounts of Jan Isaak de Neufville, 1745–1763 (1 volume). 1423–1424: Journal of Jan Isaak de Neufville, 1745–1772 (2 volumes). 1425–1426: Ledger of Jan Isaak de Neufville, 1743–1772 (2 volumes). 1427: Accounts and receipts for Jan Isaak de Neufville, 1731–1772 (6 bundles). 1428: Register of expenses of Jan Isaak de Neufville, 1752–1765 (1 volume). 1429: Balance sheets with loose nancial notes of Jan Isaak de Neufville, 1764, 1772 (5 pieces). 1430: Receipts of the collection of bequests for the executors of the estate of Jan Isaak de Neufville, 1773 (1 piece). 1437–1521: Various books of accounts, ledgers, journals, cashbooks, account books, invoice books, insurance policies and other documents regarding bookkeeping (including the buying and selling of goods) of Jan Isaak de Neufville, 1726–1773 (76 volumes, 23 bundles and 23 pieces). Among other papers: * 1509: Account and justication of the expenses for ashes (and wool, feathers and down in isolated cases) bought at Gdansk or Amsterdam by Jan Isaak de Neufville and company and sold at Courtrai by Jacobus Benoit, 1751–1759 (1 volume). * 1513: Messages of arrivals and departures of skippers for Jan Isaak de Neufville and company, partly with notes regarding their cargo, 1754–1764 and undated (1 bundle). 1522–1538: Various documents regarding specic cases of Jan Isaak de Neufville and company, 1738–1762 and undated (68 pieces and 3 bundles). Among other papers: * 1527: Statements of Jacob Salomons and Benjamin Jacob regarding damaged Polish rolls and yards of linnen, transported from Gdansk to Amsterdam, 1754–1755 (6 pieces).

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* 1528: Documents regarding the taxation of a batch of 845 pieces of Polish linnen by Jan Schut and Frans Apostool, consigned from Gdansk to Jan Isaak de Neufville, 1754 (4 pieces). 1539–1543: Various documents regarding the tting-out of ships by Jan Isaak de Neufville and company, 1751–1777 (2 volumes, 3 bundles and 11 pieces). Among other papers: * 1542: Documents regarding a trial at Bordeaux concerning the damage incurred to the ship smakschip De Neufville van der Hoop, on its way from Königsberg to Spain, captained by Jan Bartels, 1756–1757 (11 pieces).

BEVEL Simon Bevel (1669–1736) and Reyna de Vries (d. 1727) Correspondence •

•

• •

1642–1646: Letters to Simon Bevel from the German Empire, 1719–1737 (1 bundle). Among other papers letters from: * 1642: Bremen, 1720 (1 piece). * 1643: Gdansk (Danzig), 1729–1732 (8 pieces). * 1644: Hamburg and Altona, 1719–1737 (4 bundles, 19 pieces) * 1645: Königsberg (Kaliningrad), 1720–1729 (4 pieces, 1 bundle). 1647–1648: Letters to Simon Bevel from Russia, 1719–1727 (1 bundle). Among other papers letters from: * 1648: St. Petersburg, 1725 (3 pieces). 1657–1662: Copybook of outgoing letters from Simon Bevel, 1700–1734 (6 volumes). 1663: Copies of outgoing letters from Simon Bevel, with some other documents which are related to them, 1720–1736 (4 bundles).

Finances (general) • • • •

1668–1670: Cashbook of Simon Bevel, 1709–1738 (3 volumes). 1671: Accounts and receipts, and paid bills of exchange and bank drafts of Simon Bevel, 1694–1736 (8 bundles). 1672: Balance sheet of Simon Bevel, 1723 (1 piece). 1673: Documents regarding the settlement of the estate of Simon Bevel, 1736–1737 (3 pieces).

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Finances (silk trade and shipping) • • • • • • •

1638–1702: Book of accounts of Simon Bevel, 1706–1744 (20 volumes). 1703: Draft journal of Simon Bevel, 1695–1696 (1 volume). 1704–1731: Journal of Simon Bevel, 1696–1744 (28 volumes). 1732–1742: Ledger of Simon Bevel, 1695–1742 (11 volumes). 1745–1747: Running accounts book, 1697–1737 (3 volumes). 1754–1755: Bank book for Simon Bevel from Bernard van Gaart, from 1728 from Pieter Langendijk Jansz., 1724–1736 (2 volumes). 1758–1759: Bank books for Simon Bevel from Nikolaas Fremijn Davidsz., 1729–1737 (2 volumes).

DOCUMENTS OF WHICH THE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE REST OF THE ARCHIVES IS UNCLEAR • •

•

1819: Documents regarding the damages to the ship Sint Johannes, with skipper Bartholomeus Klopstok, 1764 (1 piece). 1820: Statement before the Amsterdam notary regarding the damage to the ship Sint Jacob, with skipper Nicolaus Griwahn Jr., coming from Norrköping, 1771 (1 piece). 1822: Cashbook and travel descriptions, 1792 and undated (4 pieces).

Accessibility I.H. van Eeghen, Inventaris van het familie-archief Brants (1959, 1991), with extensive introduction in Dutch; also available on the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance The Brants family began using their last name from the late seventeenth century onward, when the four children of Jan Brantsen began calling themselves Brants instead of Jansz. or Jansdr. Although the family originally consisted of simple shers and sh merchants, it was not poor and Quirijn Brants managed to make a good connection by marrying the wealthy Hester van Mollem. At the same time, Quirijn Brants was a very capable businessman who set up his own succesful trading rm. In 1734 this rm became known as Quirijn Brants and son, when Quirijn’s son Jan became a partner. Jan’s son Jan Jacob Brants (1741–1813) was the last Brants to be active in this rm, as he considered the business too risky for his ve sons.

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In 1733 Jan Brants married Sara van der Heyden, whose mother was Christina Leeuw. Through them the Leeuw family archives came into the possession of the Brants family when this family died out in 1767. Although other members of the Leeuw family were involved in trade with England and Bremen, David Leeuw was by far the most succesful in business. He traded mainly in different types of fabric but also owned ship’s parts. In 1764 Jan Jacob Brants married the only daughter of Jan Isaak de Neufville and Anna Bevel, Anna Maria de Neufville. When her father died, she inherited not only his fortune, but also his and her grandfather Bevel’s archives. Jan Isaak de Neufville was a younger brother of Isaak and Pieter de Neufville. All three were active in trade, but Isaak and Pieter were also manufacturers. Jan Isaak traded mainly in linnen, but also in many other pieces of merchandise. In addition, he had shares in ships. After the death of his brothers in 1738 and 1740 respectively, he settled their affairs. In 1730 Jan Isaak formed a company (Jan Isaak de Neufville & Comp.) with Joan ter Meulen who died in 1750. In 1758 this company was continued under the same name with Jan Isaak’s nephew Isaak de Neufville. After Jan Isaak’s death, this nephew continued the rm until his death in 1801. Simon Bevel started his Haarlem business with a small inheritance, but made a fortune in the silk trade. He also had many connections in Amsterdam and conducted some trade with the Baltic. After his death, Jan Isaak de Neufville settled part of his affairs. Publications •

Veluwenkamp, J.W., Ondernemersgedrag op de Hollandse stapelmarkt in de tijd van de Republiek. De Amsterdamse handelsrma Jan Isaac de Neufville & Comp., 1730–1764 (Zwolle, 1981); concerning Jan Isaak de Neufville & Comp.

Burgomasters; Charters from the Iron Chapel Record group Burgomasters; Charters from the Iron Chapel Burgemeesters; Charters afkomstig uit de IJzeren Kapel Reference code : 5054 Period : 1275–1705 Extent : 202 items, 77 metres

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Abstract This collection contains the charters kept in the archives of the burgomasters that were granted to the town and burghers of Amsterdam. Material is divided over 45 drawers (of which six are empty) all including charters on related subjects, such as tolls and toll privileges in various regions, the urban territory and trading privileges. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1368–1596 : Denmark, Germany, Latvia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, Latin, Low German

The following items (in four drawers) are relevant: Drawer 12: RISINGS AND GRAIN TRADE •

43–47: Decision of the Great Council at Mechelen (Malines) that Amsterdam will be excluded from the ban on re-exporting imported grain for which no excises have been paid, 1506 (no. 43, 1 charter), three privileges conrming this, 1508, 1516, 1520 (nos. 44–46, 3 charters), and an ordinance of the Great Council lifting the ban in Holland, 1548 (no. 47, 1 sealed quire).

Drawer 40: TRADE WITH DENMARK, NORWAY AND SWEDEN •

172–184: Various privileges from the kings of Sweden, Denmark and Norway, the archbishop of Sweden and others, granting the town and burghers of Amsterdam various trading rights in their lands, 1368–1596 (13 charters and 1 piece).

Drawer 41: TRADE WITH DENMARK, NORWAY, SWEDEN, SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN AND THE BALTIC •

185–190: Various privileges from the kings of Denmark, Norway and Sweden and the archbishop of Riga, granting the town and burghers of Amsterdam various trading rights in their lands, 1461–1560 (1 bundle of 1 charter and 1 piece, and 5 charters).

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Drawer 42: TRADE WITH DENMARK AND NORWAY •

•

191–194: Various privileges from the kings of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, granting the town and burghers of Amsterdam various trading rights in their lands, 1454–1490 (4 charters). 195–197: Three acts from King John of Denmark and Norway concerning the reconciliation of a dispute between him and the town of Amsterdam regarding the murder of his chaplain and the imprisonment of his envoy, 1490 (3 charters).

Accessibility Inventory, also available at the repository’s website.

Burgomasters; Daily Minutes, Resolutions and Missive Books Record group Burgomasters; Daily Minutes, Resolutions and Missive Books Burgemeesters; Dagelijkse notulen, resoluties en missivenboeken Reference code : 5024 Period : 1574–1807 Extent : 101 items, 10 metres Abstract These archives include minutes of meetings, resolutions and missive books of the burgomasters of the town of Amsterdam. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1574–1807 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are solely the burgomasters’ resolutions and correspondence: •

1–6: Resolutions of governing and retired burgomasters, 1603–1794 (6 volumes); with indexes under nos. 7–13, 1603–1794 (7 volumes), and copies of the resolutions under no. 16, 1608–1683 (1 volume).

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48–97: Minuijt-Boeck, Missiven Boek, Gemeen Missiven, Missiven aangaande den Raadt, Stads Missiven Boek, (Minuten van) Stads Missiven, missive books of the burgomasters, at times combined with aldermen or bailiff and aldermen, or from the bailiff and aldermen, or aldermen separately (with indexes in nos. 56–59 and 63–97), 1574–1645, 1612–1672, 1652–1807 (50 volumes). 98: Drafts and copies of outgoing letters of the burgomasters, 1584–1606 (1 folder).

Accessibility P.H.J. van der Laan, Inventaris van de resoluties, notulen en missiveboeken van regerende en oud-burgemeesters en stadssecretarissen 1574–1807 (1992); also available at the repository’s website. Copies The missive books (inv. nos. 48–97) are available on microlm (lm nos. 486–494, 6210, 1598 and 6250–6255), which can be consulted in the reading room.

Burgomasters; Diplomatic Missives of Ambassadors, Envoys and Residents Abroad to the Burgomasters Record group Burgomasters; Diplomatic Missives of Ambassadors, Envoys and Residents Abroad to the Burgomasters Burgemeesters; Diplomatieke missiven van ambassadeurs, gezanten en residenten in het buitenland aan burgemeesters Reference code : 5027 Period : 1631–1793 Extent : 243 items, 31 metres Abstract This collection contains the diplomatic missives that were sent by the ambassadors, envoys and residents residing abroad to the burgomasters of Amsterdam. The collection is geographically arranged and includes missives sent from England, Denmark, Sweden, Russia, the Southern Netherlands,

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France, Switzerland, Germany, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, Italy and North Africa. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1633–1793 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch

Relevant materials are found in the following series: DENMARK •

20–43: Missives sent by ambassadors, residents and envoys residing in Copenhagen and Elseneur (Helsingør), 1633–1777 (15 folders, 6 volumes and 3 bundles).

SWEDEN •

44–52: Missives sent by residents and representatives residing in Stockholm, 1654–1748 (3 folders and 6 volumes).

RUSSIA •

53–60: Missives sent by ambassadors, residents and envoys residing in Moscow and St. Petersburg, 1631–1765 (6 folders and 1 bundle).

GERMANY (AND POLAND) Lower Saxony Kreits, Hamburg, Lübeck and Bremen • 140–168, 203, 205, 207: Missives sent by residents and representatives residing in Hamburg, Lübeck and Bremen and by ministers at the Lower Saxony Kreits (Niedersachsiche Kreits), 1652–1793 (18 folders and 11 volumes). Gdansk (Danzig) • 198–202, 244: Missives sent by commissioners residing in Gdansk, 1651–1776 (1 bundle, 4 folders and 1 piece).

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Accessibility Inventory with introduction (in Dutch), also available on the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance The Dutch Republic did not have a diplomatic service or professional diplomats. Diplomatic representatives were chosen from prominent States members who were appointed by the States General. Although the diplomats represented the States General, they also regularly corresponded with the individual States of the Netherlands or with towns like Amsterdam and tried to look after their interests, especially when a diplomat originated from a specic town or region. There were several ranks of diplomats: ambassadors, envoys, residents and agents. In important ports, commissioners for trade were sometimes appointed. The inventory does not distinguish between diplomats appointed by the States General, and those representing the town of Amsterdam. Copies Parts of the diplomatic missives, inv. nos. 20–43 (Denmark), 44–52 (Sweden) and 53–60 (Russia), are available on microlm (lm nos. 1866–1893), which can consulted in the reading room.

Burgomasters; Documents Concerning the Supervision on the Receipt of the Raised “Last- en Veilgeld” Record group Burgomasters; Documents Concerning the Supervision on the Receipt of the Raised “Last- en Veilgeld” Burgemeesters; Stukken betreffende de controle op de ontvangst van het verhoogde last- en veilgeld Reference code : 5050 Period : 1697–1799 Extent : 243 items, 4 metres Abstract These papers consist of the remaining adminstration relating to the receipt of the raised last- en veilgeld, a lastage and a de valorem-impost on imports

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and exports, by the Board of the Amsterdam Admiralty, which was supervised by the Burgomasters. From 1781, the administration of the Borkum vuur-, ton- en bakengeld (beaconage) was also included in the accounts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1697–1799 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

All of the contents of these archives are relevant and include accounts, appendices to the accounts and monthly and bi-monthly statements of receipts and expenses of the collectors of the raised last- en veilgeld. •

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•

•

1–62: Accounts of receipts and expenses of the collector of the raised last- en veilgeld of the Board of the Amsterdam Admiralty, 1719–1780 (62 volumes). 63–80: Accounts of receipts and expenses of the collector of the raised last- en veilgeld and the Borkum beaconage of the Board of the Amsterdam Admiralty, 1781–1798 (18 volumes). 81–114: Receipts to the collector of the raised last- en veilgeld of the Board of the Amsterdam Admiralty, on account of provided goods and services, serving as appendices to the accounts, 1752–1799 and undated (34 folders). 115–130: Receipts to the collector of the raised last- en veilgeld of the Board of the Amsterdam Admiralty, on account of the restitution of the raised veilgeld, serving as appendices to the accounts, 1748–1749, 1751– 1752, 1763, 1765–1766, 1768–1774 and 1797–1798 (16 folders). 131–162: Receipts of the collector-general of the raised last- en veilgeld to the collector of the raised last- en veilgeld of the Board of the Amsterdam Admiralty, serving as appendices to the accounts, 1752–1753, 1763–1782, 1788–1792 and 1794–1798 (32 folders). 163–189: Monthly statements of receipts of the collector of the raised last- en veilgeld in the jurisdiction of the Board of the Amsterdam Admiralty, 1697, 1702–1704, 1707–1711, 1752, 1763–1767, 1769–1771, 1773–1774, 1776–1779, 1790–1791 and 1795 (27 folders). 190–194: Monthly statements of receipts of the collector of the raised last- en veilgeld in the jurisdiction of the Board of the Amsterdam Admiralty and of the Borkum beaconage, 1781, 1786, 1789, 1797–1798 (5 folders).

city archives amsterdam •

931

195–241: Bi-monthly statements of receipts and expenses of the collector-general of the raised last- en veilgeld, 1702–1703, 1709–1710, 1717–1719, 1725 and 1748–1797 (47 folders).

Accessibility Inventory with extensive introduction (in Dutch); also available on the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance From 1623 on, a lastage on shipping to and from the Mediterranean was collected by the Admiralty Boards for the protection of vessels against North African piracy. A similar lastage was levied on shipping to the Baltic from 1632. Veilgeld was charged on ships sailing to Norway and further east from 1645. The raised last- en veilgeld was introduced in 1702 (after temporary similar measures in 1696–1697), after a placard by the States General, to be collected from traders for special needs regarding the protection of merchant vessels.

Burgomasters; Documents Regarding the National and Provincial Administration Record group Burgomasters; Documents Regarding the National and Provincial Administration Burgemeesters; Stukken betreffende lands- en gewestelijk bestuur Reference code : 5030 Period : 1682–1793 Extent : 332 items, 94 metres Abstract This collection consists of documents regarding the national and provincial administration, assembled by the burgomasters of Amsterdam. Included are missives from Dutch representatives abroad to the States General and various registers regarding war, the payment of soldiers and the division of war expenses between the north and south quarter of Holland and WestFriesland.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1682–1793 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are nos. 1–161, Nouvelles; Nouvelles van/uyt verscheijde quartieren; Nouvelles van Staet, registers of printed missives of Dutch representatives abroad to the States General, 1682–1793 (161 volumes). These include information on trade and diplomatic relations between the United Provinces and countries bordering the Baltic Sea. Accessibility P.H.J. van der Laan, Inventaris van de “Nouvelles van Staet” en de “Staten van Oorlogh” in de stukken betreffende het lands- en gewestelijk bestuur (burgemeestersarchief), 1682–1793 (Amsterdam, 1992); also available on the repository’s website. Related materials •

Representatives at the Provincial Meetings (Gedeputeerden ter dagvaart, reference code: 5029), containing missives that regularly include printed nouvelles.

Burgomasters; Documents Regarding the Receipt of the Funds of the Common Lands of Holland and of Impost Record group Burgomasters; Documents Regarding the Receipt of the Funds of the Common Lands of Holland and of Impost Burgemeesters; Stukken betreffende de ontvangst van de gemene landsmiddelen en de imposten Reference code : 5052 Period : 1650–1818 Extent : 92 items, 5 metres

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Abstract This collection consists of the administration of the burgomasters of the town of Amsterdam as regards the receipt of excises and imposts and the farming out of such taxes. The collection is divided into papers pertaining to funds of the generality (generaliteitsmiddelen), to funds of the common lands of Holland (gemenelandsmiddelen) and to town imposts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1725–1809 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are only three items, all of which concern shipping to and goods from the Baltic region: •

•

•

1: Documents about decisions and ordinances concerning the dues of convooien en licenten, as well as the lastage on ships (printed), 1725–1745 (1 volume). 28: Register of imported quantities of various goods on which impost was levied (including foreign beers, rye and stocksh), with an index on goods, 1778–1809 (1 volume). 50: Register of excise on skins, ordered chronologically by trader, including quantity of skins and excise to be paid, 1769–1780 (1 volume).

Accessibility Inventory with introduction (in Dutch); also available at the repository’s website. Related materials •

Treasurers Ordinaris (reference code 5039).

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Burgomasters; Documents Regarding Various Subjects Record group Burgomasters; Documents Regarding Various Subjects Burgemeesters; Stukken betreffende verscheidene onderwerpen Reference code : 5028 Period : 1456–1795 Extent : 227 items (nos. 494–720), 40 metres Abstract This collection consists of documents concerning a wide range of subjects dealt with by the burgomasters of the town of Amsterdam. Included are documents regarding political affairs at home and abroad, conicts with the stadtholder, wars and armies, refugees, inheritances, guilds, trade, church matters, postal services, ferries, dikes and roads, lotteries, taxes and other nancial matters. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1568–1746 : Denmark, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, various languages

A few items concern trade with the Baltic Sea area, the mint, banking and navigation: • •

• • • •

537: Register of transports by ships, registered by the town clerks’ ofce, 1744–1746 (1 volume). 538: Handel I (Trade I), trade to Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Greenland, France, Italy, the Southern Netherlands, England, Spain, Portugal, the German Empire, the Rhinetowns and the United States of North-America, undated (1 folder). 551: Register of ordinances and notes regarding the Amsterdam mint, 1568–1672 (1 volume). 596: Papers concerning the Exchange Bank, Loan Ofce, pilotage, etc., undated (1 folder). 597: Account regarding the land’s beacon, 1639–1673 (1 volume). 720: Accounts of the Exchange Bank, Loan Ofce, Muscovite Trade, etc., undated (1 folder).

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Accessibility Inventory in Archief van de burgemeesters (1275–1795) (Amsterdam, no date); also available at the repository’s website.

Burgomasters; Great Daybook Record group Burgomasters; Great Daybook Burgemeesters; Groot-Memoriaal Reference code : 5023 Period : 1474–1825 Extent : 15 items, 3 metres Abstract This collection consists of daybooks from the burgomasters of the town of Amsterdam, which include part of their administration, such as correspondence, decisions, requests, permits, etc. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1474–1825 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Nos. 1–14 comprise the Groot-Memoriaal, a register of incoming and outgoing missives, acts, decisions, orders, permits, ordinances, instructions, requests and notes on various subjects, 1474–1825 (14 volumes). Resolutions from the council (vroedschap) from 1490 to 1532 are included in no. 1. Nos. 2–3 also include lists of contents; nos. 4–14 contain indexes. No. 15 consists of an index to no. 1, compiled in 1917. Accessibility H.P.J. van der Laan, Inventaris van het Groot Memoriaal 1474–1825 (1991); also available at the repository’s website. Copies The whole collection is available on microlm (lm nos. 8, 9, 6206–6210), which can be consulted in the reading room.

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Related materials •

Council (vroedschap, reference code: 5025), inv. nos. 1–81, containing the remaining resolutions of the council.

Publications •

Iterson, P.D.J. van, and H.P.J. van der Laan (eds.), Resoluties van de vroedschap van Amsterdam 1490–1550 (Amsterdam, 1986), containing the council’s (vroedschap) resolutions in inv. no. 1.

Burgomasters; Letters of Attorney from Within and Outside Record group Burgomasters; Letters of Attorney from Within and Outside Burgemeesters; Procuratiën van binnen en van buiten Reference code : 5035 Period : 1693–1810 Extent : 65 items, 6 metres Abstract This collection consists of letters of attorney granted by the town of Amsterdam to persons from outwith Amsterdam to conduct legal matters outwith the town and letters granted by authorities outwith Amsterdam to persons from Amsterdam to do the same in Amsterdam. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1693–1810 : Germany, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

The whole collection is relevant, since a sample survey shows that both the registers of the letters of attorney from within Amsterdam and those from outwith the town contain letters regarding merchants from Amsterdam trading in the Baltic Sea area and merchants from that area trading in Amsterdam.

city archives amsterdam •

•

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1–22 (–24): Procuratiën Boek van Binnen, registers of letters of attorney granted by the town council of Amsterdam, mainly to persons from outwith Amsterdam to conduct legal matters outwith the town, 1700–1800 (–1807) (22 volumes). 25–65: Procuratiën Boek van Buyten(en), register of letters of attorney granted by authorities outwith Amsterdam to persons from Amsterdam to conduct legal matters in this town, 1693–1810 (41 volumes).

Accessibility P.H.J. van der Laan, Inventaris van de “Procuratiën van binnen en van buiten”, 1693–1810 (Amsterdam, 1991); also available at the repository’s website.

Burgomasters; Missives and Minutes of the Representatives at the Provincial Meetings Record group Burgomasters; Missives and Minutes of the Representatives at the Provincial Meetings Burgemeesters; Missiven en notulen van gedeputeerden ter dagvaart Reference code : 5029 Period : 1522–1795 Extent : 168 items, 32 metres Abstract This collection consists of the missives and minutes sent to and by the representatives of the town of Amsterdam at the provincial meetings (known as the gedeputeerden ter dagvaart). Besides missives and minutes of the meetings, the papers include resolutions of the town council and the States of Holland and West-Friesland. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1522–1795 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

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Relevant is the entire collection as it includes information on the policies of the Province of Holland and West-Friesland with regard to trade and diplomacy with the Baltic region. ARCHIVES OF THE REPRESENTATIVES AT THE PROVINCIAL MEETINGS (DAGVAART ), 1560–1794 •

• •

• •

•

1–12: Resolutions of the town council (vroedschapsresoluties) dealt with in the States of Holland and West-Friesland, with index on names and matters, 1664–1684 (12 volumes). 13–16: Incoming missives from the burgomasters, 1560–1755 (4 bundles). 17–19: Extracts from the resolutions of the town council regarding subjects dealt with at meetings of the States of Holland and West-Friesland that were sent to the representatives at these meetings as appendices to the missives (nos. 13–16), 1566–1786 (3 bundles). 20: Copies of requests to the States of Holland and West-Friesland, 1593–1703 (1 bundle). 21: Extracts from the resolutions from the States of Holland and WestFriesland, with copies of missives and requests mainly regarding Dutch consuls abroad, 1787–1794 (1 bundle). 22–27: Incoming documents regarding provincial and national matters (with nos. 22, 23 including notes on the resolutions of the States of Holland), 1563–eighteenth century (6 bundles).

DOCUMENTS REGARDING THE ATTENDANCE AT THE PROVINCIAL MEETINGS (DAGVAART ) BELONGING TO THE ARCHIVES OF BURGOMASTERS, 1522–1795 •

•

•

28–49: Various registers including resolutions of the States of Holland and West-Friesland, notes on subjects dealt with at meetings of the States and minutes of besognes and groot-besognes from the States, kept by various ofcials of the town of Amsterdam, 1522–1795 (10 volumes, 1 folder, 10 bundles). 50–70: Stads Missiven (Boek) concernerende d’affaires van de Dagvaard en de Haegse deliberatien, registers of outgoing missives of the burgomasters to the representatives at provincial meetings, with index, 1685–1795 (21 volumes). 71–135: Missives of the representatives at provincial meetings to the burgomasters, 1615–1793 (65 volumes).

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• •

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136–165: Registers of missives of the representatives at provincial meetings to the burgomasters, contemporary copies (partly varying from nos. 71–135), 1684–1759 (30 volumes). 166: Copies of missives of the representatives at provincial meetings to the burgomasters, 1787–1794 (1 bundle). 167, 168: Appendices of the secrete of tweede (secret or second) missives of the representatives at provincial meetings, 1754–1757 (2 volumes).

Accessibility P.H.J. van der Laan, Inventaris van het archief van de gedeputeerden ter dagvaart met stukken betreffende de dagvaart behorende tot het archief van Burgemeesters, 1522–1795 (Amsterdam, 1991); also available at the repository’s website. Copies The entire collection is available on microlm (lm nos. 1590, 1595–7, 1630, 6656–8 and 7540–7595).

Burgomasters; Missives to Burgomasters Record group Burgomasters; Missives to Burgomasters Burgemeesters; Missiven aan burgemeesters Reference code : 5026 Period : 1534–1795, 1806 Extent : 204 items, 15 metres Abstract This collection contains the correspondence sent to the burgomasters of Amsterdam. It includes letters from government and administrative ofcials in the Netherlands and abroad, letters from other national and international authorities, and missives from private and public persons in the Dutch Republic.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1568–1806 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Danish, Dutch, High German, Latin, Low German, Swedish

MISSIVES FROM GOVERNMENT AND ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICIALS International •

1–42: Missives from various foreign kings and rulers (including Denmark, the German Empire, Livonia and Courland, Poland, Russia and Sweden), from various foreign towns (including among other towns Bremen, Gdansk (Danzig), Hamburg, Kalmar, Karlskrona, Lübeck, Narva, Nyköping, Reval (Tallinn), Rostock and Stockholm), from foreign urban and royal ofcials and of persons abroad, 1568–1806 (33 folders, 8 bundles and 1 volume).

National •

54–63: Missives from various persons, directors and boards concerning the Dutch admiralty and war eet, 1640–1787 (8 folders and 3 pieces).

MISSIVES FROM OTHER NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL AUTHORITIES • • • •

157: Missives from the delegates of the “Great Fisheries and Herring Trade of Holland and Western Friesland”, 1683 (2 pieces). 158: Missives from the Directors for Baltic Trade and Shipping, 1730 (1 piece). 159: Missives from the Directors for Muscovian Trade, 1732 (1 piece). 160: Missives from the Directors of the West India Company, the Levant Trade, the Berbice colony, the Baltic Trade and the Muscovian Trade, and the commissioners of the river trade, 1782 (1 piece).

Accessibility P.H.J. van der Laan, Inventaris van de missiven aan burgemeesters 1534–1795 (1806) (1994); also available at the repository’s website.

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Copies All the relevant papers are also available on microlm (inv. nos. 1–42 on lm nos. 7996–8002; 54–63 on lm nos. 8005–6; 157–160 on lm no. 8063), which can be consulted in the reading room.

Burgomasters; Privilege Books and Statute Books Record group Burgomasters; Privilege Books and Statute Books Burgemeesters; Privilegeboeken en keurboeken Reference code : 5020 Period : 1275–1781 Extent : 34 items, 6 metres Abstract This collection consists of the privilege books and statute books of the town of Amsterdam. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1275–1781 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

The privilege books contain copies of privileges granted to the town of Amsterdam by various authorities. The statute books contain the by-laws and statutes issued by the town council. These include regulations regarding shipping, trade, the harbour and the guilds. •

•

1–3: Privilege books I–III (3 volumes): * 1: 1275–1561 (started in 1413), with list of contents. * 2: 1401–1630 (started in the second quarter of the sixteenth century), with index. * 3: 1371–1704 (started in 1635), with list of contents. 4–22: Statute books A–U (with A, B and D including notes and sentences of the aldermen regarding offences (correctiën); C including statutes regarding the guilds; G and I–M including missives of the States of Holland), with indexes in volumes H–L and O–U, 1413–1781 (19 volumes).

942 • • •

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23–25: Registers of statutes which are renewed and published every year, 1638–1673 (3 volumes). 26–27: Extracts from privileges and statutes, and from an unknown register of sentences, 1342–1622, 1582–1604 (1 folder, 1 volume). 28: Index of subjects appearing in privilege books I–II, statute books A–K and an unknown register of sentences, produced by the town secretary D. Mostart, 1633 (1 volume). Nos. 29–31 contain three contemporary copies.

Accessibility P.H.J. van der Laan, Inventaris van de Privilege- en Keurboeken 1413–1781 (1991); also available at the repository’s website. Copies Inv. nos. 1–3 and 4–22 are available on microlm (lm nos. 5083, 445–452 and 2022), which can be consulted in the reading room. Publications • •

• •

Breen, Joh. C., Rechtsbronnen der stad Amsterdam (The Hague, 1902); including statute books (keurboeken) A, B and the rst part of C. Dillen, J.G. van, Bronnen tot de geschiedenis van het bedrijfsleven en gildewezen van Amsterdam 1512–1673, 3 Vols. (Rijksgeschiedkundige Publicatiën, 69, 78, 144) (The Hague, 1929, 1933, 1974). Laan, P.H.J. van der, Oorkondenboek van Amsterdam tot 1400 (Amsterdam, 1975). Noordkerk, H., Handvesten ofte privilegiën end octroyen mitsgaders willekuren, cosstuimen, ordonnantiën en handelingen der stad Amstelredam, 3 Vols. (Amsterdam, 1748).

Burgomasters; Registers of Attestations, Certicates and Afrmations Record group Burgomasters; Registers of Attestations, Certicates and Afrmations Burgemeesters; Registers van attestatiën, certicatiën en afrmatiën Reference code : 5034 Period : 1703–1808 Extent : 24 items, 3 metres

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943

Abstract This collection consists of the registers of attestations, certicates and afrmations of the burgomasters of Amsterdam. In addition, it includes a register of missives of the town council regarding suspensions of payment and related subjects. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1703–1808 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Virtually all items are relevant: •

•

1–22: Attestatiën, certicatiën en afrmatiën (attestations, certicates and afrmations), including registers of acts of declaration under oath regarding various subjects, mainly trade, shipping, debts and property (with an index on names, 1710–1742), 1703–1791 (22 volumes). 24: Register of deeds of private individuals dealt with by the town council, mainly concerning matters of property outside of Amsterdam, 1761–1808 (1 volume).

Accessibility P.H.J. van der Laan, Inventaris van de ‘Attestatiën, certicatiën en afrmatiën’, 1703–1808 (Amsterdam 1991); also available at the repository’s website.

Burgomasters; Registers of Burghers Record group Burgomasters; Registers of Burghers Burgemeesters; Poorterboeken Reference code : 5033 Period : 1584–1812 Extent : 61 items, 37 metres Abstract These archives consist of the remaining registers of poorters, burghers. The registers distinguish between gekochte (bought) poorters, who had to pay

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to become burghers, behuwde (married) poorters, who married a poorter’s daughter, and ingeboren (born) poorters, who were born of poorter parents. Also included are registers of new residents, temporarily leaving residents and foreigners staying in Amsterdam. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1584–1811 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, French

These registers are mainly relevant because they contain information on people immigrating to Amsterdam, including their profession and town of origin. Some information can also be found about inhabitants of Amsterdam temporarily leaving town to take up residence elsewhere, and foreigners who resided in Amsterdam for a limited period of time. REGISTERS OF POORTERS • • •

• •

1–2: Registers of “bought” poorters, 1584–1605, 1636–1652 (2 volumes). 3: Register of “marrried” and “born” poorters, 1648–1655 (1 volume). 4–33 (–34): Generael Poorterboek, registers of “bought”, “married” and “born” poorters, 1655–1802 (–1811) (30 volumes); the rst 23 volumes (until 1764) are alphabetically ordered on rst name, followed by last name or patronymic. 35–38: Gekogte Poorters Boek, registers of “bought” poorters, ordered chronologically, 1721–1811 (4 volumes). 39–45 (–47): Registers of “married” and “born” poorters, ordered chronologically, 1740–1801 (–1812) (7 volumes).

REGISTERS OF RESIDENTS, TEMPORARILY LEAVING RESIDENTS AND FOREIGNERS • •

48–49: Ingezetenenboek, register of residents, ordered chronologically, on rst letter of rst name, 1670–1747 (2 volumes). 50–51: Domicilieboek, register of persons who have declared to settle elsewhere for a limited period, to continue their residence in Amsterdam or to intend to continue residence there, 1694–1794 (2 volumes).

city archives amsterdam •

•

945

52: Vreemdelingenboek, register of permits for temporary residence of foreigners, ordered chronologically, on rst letter of last name, 1792–1795 (1 volume), in French. 53: Register of foreigners with note of place of origin, profession and address of residence, aphabetically ordered on name of host, 1798– 1799.

VARIOUS •

59: List of uncollected poortercedulen, with dates and names of buyers of poorter rights, 1732–1809 (1 piece).

Accessibility P.H.J. van der Laan, Inventaris van de poorterboeken, 1584–1812 (1992), with extensive introduction in Dutch; also available on the repository’s website. Of the registers of poorters (nos. 1–47), copies are available in the reading room. Of nos. 1–3, indexes on personal names are also present. Of nos. 4–47, indexes on personal names and professions are available, as is an index on places of origin (the latter only on request). Of the Domicilieboek, nos. 48–49, copies are also present in the reading room, as well as an index on personal names, professions and places of origin. Copies Inv. nos. 1–33 are available on microlm (lm nos. 978–994), which can be consulted in the reading room. Of the Ingezetenenboek, nos. 48–49, copies are also available in the reading room. Related materials “Bought” poorters can also be found in the town accounts (Stadsrekeningen, reference code: 5014, nos. 1–78 (1531–1611)) and in the rapiamus of the treasurers (Thesaurieren Ordinaris, reference code: 5039, nos. 255–291 (1570–1606)). The entries in these registers are included in the index to nos. 1–2, available in the reading room.

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Burgomasters; Resolutions of the States of Holland and West-Friesland, of Delegated Councillors of the Southern Quarter Record group Burgomasters; Resolutions of the States of Holland and West-Friesland, of Delegated Councillors of the Southern Quarter Burgemeesters; Resoluties van de Staten van Holland en West-Friesland, van Gecommiteerde raden van het Zuiderkwartier Reference code : 5038 Period : 1524–1793 Extent : 616 items, 48 metres Abstract This collection includes resolutions of the States of Holland and WestFriesland, the delegated councillors of the Southern Quarter of Holland, the States-General and the Grote Vergadering. In addition, it contains secret resolutions of the States of Holland and extracts of resolutions. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1524–1793 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the ordinary and secret resolutions of the States of Holland and West-Friesland, as well as the resolutions of the delegated councillors and the States General. All include information on the policies of the province and the United Provinces with regard to trade and diplomacy with the Baltic region. •

• •

1–278: Resolutions of the States of Holland and West-Friesland, 1524– 1793 (278 printed volumes), with indices from no. 113 on. Indices on the whole collection are available in nos. 279–296, dating from 1524–1790 (18 printed volumes). 297–407: Resolutions of the States of Holland and West-Friesland (copies), 1575–1669 (111 volumes). 408–413: General index on the resolutions, 1575–1600, 1654–1678 (6 volumes).

city archives amsterdam •

• • •

947

417–432: Secret resolutions of the States of Holland and West-Friesland, 1653–1790 (16 printed volumes). A general index is available in nos. 433, 434, dating from 1653–1751 (2 volumes). 435–457: Secret resolutions of the States of Holland and West-Friesland, 1651–1662, 1669–1712 (23 volumes). 459–462: Resolutions of the delegated councillors (gecommiteerde raden), 1621–1627, 1630–1635, 1691, 1692 (4 volumes). 463–595: Resolutions of the States General, 1582–1587, 1607–1609, 1616, 1628, 1629, 1631–33, 1653, 1682–1792, 1784–93 (133 printed and handwritten volumes), with indices in almost all volumes from no. 487 on. A general index is available in nos. 596–97, dating from 1682–1690 (2 volumes).

Accessibility G. Vermeij, Inventaris van de resoluties van de Staten van Holland en West-Friesland, van Gecommiteerde Raden, secrete resoluties van de Staten van Holland en resoluties van de Staten-Generaal, 1524–1793 (Amsterdam, 1988/1990); also available on the repository’s website.

Burgomasters; Sales of Ships by Brokers Record group Burgomasters; Sales of Ships by Brokers Burgemeesters; Scheepsverkopingen door makelaars Reference code : 5071 Period : 1732–1816 Extent : 72 items, 9 metres Abstract These papers include documents concerning sales of ships by brokers, sales which were supervised by the burgomasters. From 1811, sales of ships were settled by notaries. A few notarial acts are therefore also included. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1732–1811 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

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Relevant papers contain information on the buyers and sellers of ships which were sold in Amsterdam: • •

1–58 (–61): Registers of sales of ships, 1732–1801 (–1811) (58 volumes). 63–72: Petitions to burgomasters to allow for sales of ships, 1770, 1771, 1774, 1775, 1778, 1780, 1785, 1786, 1789–1791 and 1796–1799 (1 folder and 9 bundles).

Accessibility Inventory, solely available on the repository’s website. Related materials •

Burgomasters; Sales of Trading Businesses by Brokers (reference code: 5069).

Burgomasters; Ship’s Passports Record group Burgomasters; Ship’s Passports Burgemeesters; Zeebrieven Reference code : 5036 Period : 1705–1787 Extent : 10 items, 2 metres Abstract This collection contains registers of ship’s passports from the eighteenth century, which were issued by the burgomasters. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1705–1787 : the Netherlands : Dutch

The entire collection is relevant and contains information on Dutch skippers and their ships, their ports of origin and the sizes of ships in lasts. The papers consist of “zeebrieven”, registers of statements made by skip-

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pers before the burgomasters that a particular ship belongs in the United Provinces, in order to receive a passport to sail abroad. The materials date from the period 1705–1787 and cover 10 volumes. From Volume 4 on, the data are presented schematically in tables. Accessibility P.H.J. van der Laan, Inventaris van de ‘zeebrieven’, 1705–1787 (1991); also available on the repository’s website. Transcriptions of ship’s passports from the years 1705–1716 (work in progress) can be found at: home.hccnet.nl/mwk/zeebrieven.html, with information about some of the skippers and ships mentioned in the registers, for example on where they were sailing (in Dutch).

Burgomasters; Town Accounts Record group Burgomasters; Town Accounts Burgemeesters; Stadsrekeningen Reference code : 5014 Period : 1531–1805 Extent : 133 items, 7 metres Abstract These papers consist of the remaining town accounts of the burgomasters of Amsterdam. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1531–1805 : the Netherlands : Dutch

Nos. 1–133 (the entire collecton) comprise town accounts from the period 1531–1805 (13 volumes and 2 bundles). Missing are accounts from 1536, 1565, 1577, 1631, 1650, 1720, 1754–1768, 1770–1788 and 1793–1794. The accounts contain for instance information on the payment for journeys of diplomats, as well as lists of new burghers (to be found in nos. 1–78, dating from 1531–1611).

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Accessibility P.H.J. van der Laan, Inventaris van de stadsrekeningen 1531–1805 (1991); also available at the repository’s website. Entries of new burghers ( poorters) in the town accounts are included in the index on the registers of “bought” poorters, which is part of the archives of “Burgomasters, Registers of Burghers” (reference code: 5033), nos. 1–2. This index is available in the reading room. Copies The entire collection is available on microlm (lm nos. 6257–6277), which can be consulted in the reading room. Nos. 1–37 (originally part of the collection of the Treasurers Ordinaris) are also available on lm nos. 497–503, and the poortergelden (fees paid by new burghers) for the period 1581–1606 are available on lm no. 2014. Related materials •

Burgomasters; Registers of Burghers (reference code: 5033).

Civil Registry; Baptism, Marriage and Burial Registers of Amsterdam (Retroacts of the Birth, Death and Marriage Registry) Record group Civil Registry; Baptism, Marriage and Burial Registers of Amsterdam (Retroacts of the Birth, Death and Marriage Registry) Burgerlijke Stand; Doop-, trouw- en begraafboeken van Amsterdam (retroacta van de Burgerlijke Stand) Reference code : 5001 Period : 1553–1811 Extent : 1276 items, 65 metres Abstract This collection consists of all remaining baptism, birth, marriage and burial registers drawn up by religious and civil institutions functioning before the installation of a central Birth, Death and Marriage Registry in 1811.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1553–1811 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

These archives are solely relevant for the study of migration from the Baltic region to Amsterdam. BAPTISM AND BIRTH REGISTERS • • •

1–303: Baptism and birth registers of the protestant churches, 1564–1811 (303 volumes). 304–399: Baptism and birth registers of the catholic churches, 1628–1811 (96 volumes). 400: Birth register of the Portuguese-Israelite church, 1736–1811 (1 volume).

MARRIAGE REGISTERS Marriage registrations • •

•

401–660: Marriage registrations of the churches, 1578–1811 (260 volumes). 661–761: Marriage registrations of the puy (i.e. registrations of nonprotestant inhabitants of Amsterdam, which were proclaimed on the facade, pui or puy, of the town hall), 1581–1795 (101 volumes). 762–765: Marriage registrations of the extra-ordinaris (registrations of couples of whom one was not an inhabitant of Amsterdam), 1578–1636 (4 volumes).

Marriage proclamations • •

766–816: Marriage proclamations of the town hall, 1622–1811 (51 volumes). 817–941: Marriage proclamations of the churches, 1624–1795 (125 volumes).

Marriage celebrations •

942–968: Marriage registers of the town hall, 1604–1811 (27 volumes).

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968–1038A: Marriage registers of the churches, 1565–1795 (71 volumes).

BURIAL REGISTERS •

1039–1276: Burial registers of various churches and chapels, the hospices, the town (of investigated corpses) and the workhouse, 1553–1811 (238 volumes).

Accessibility Lijst van de registers van doop, trouw en begraven te Amsterdam (1911), with extensive introduction in Dutch; also available at the repository’s website. Various indexes are available in the reading room: •

•

•

The indexes on baptism and birth-registers are ordered by last name, divided into family names and patronymics, for the period 1564–1700. Regarding the latter, there is also an index on the father’s rst name. For the period 1701–1811, the indexes are ordered by the father’s family name. The registers are partly digitally available in the reading room. The indexes on intended marriage registers are ordered alphabetically and chronologically, and include family and rst names of bride and groom and of any earlier husbands and wives in case of a remarriage. The index Trouwen in Mokum includes 15,238 Jewish couples who married between 1598 and 1811. One of the 21 available indexes is on place of origin. Marriage registers in the archives of the EvangelicalLutheran congregation (reference no. 213) and the Restored EvangelicalLutheran congregation (reference no. 190) mention places of origin more frequently than the registers of intended marriages. Microches of these two marriage registers are available in the reading room. The series of death registers is indexed as a whole, ordered alphabetically and chronologically.

Record creator / provenance At the Council of Trent, it was decided in 1563 that all marriages and baptisms had to be registered by the Catholic Churches. After the Reformation (which took place in Amsterdam in 1578), Protestant Churches adopted this administration too, and also introduced burial registers. Through town ordinances, other religious demoninations were made to keep registers too, as far as they did not already do so. In those religions in which children

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were not baptised, birth registers were kept. In 1811 a centralised registry of births, deaths and marriages was begun in the Netherlands. Custodial history In 1811, when a centralised registry of births, deaths and marriages was introduced in the Netherlands, all Amsterdam registers of births and baptisms, deaths and marriages had to be handed in at the town hall. In 1892 they were moved to the city archives. Copies The whole collection is available on microche, which can be accessed in the genealogical reading room (depot 60/45/2/1). Related materials •

Marriage registers in the archives of the Evangelical-Lutheran Congregation (reference code: 213), and the archives of the Restored EvangelicalLutheran Congregation (reference code: 190).

Publications •

•

Eeghen, I.H. van, “De doop-, trouw- en begraafboeken te Amsterdam van voor de invoering van de burgerlijke stand”, in: Nederlands Archievenblad, 52 (1947–1948), pp. 31–42, 66–76, 123–132. Hagoort, Lydia, “Inleiding op het archief van de Doop-, trouw- en begraafboeken van Amsterdam 1553–1811” (Gemeente Archief Amsterdam).

Deutz Family Record group Deutz Family Familie Deutz Reference code Period Extent

: 234 : 1613–1878 : 451 items, 5 metres

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Abstract This collection originates from the Deutz hospice in Amsterdam, which was founded in 1691 by Agneta Deutz, and contains the hospice’s administration as well as personal papers of members of the Deutz family, many of whom functioned as governors of the hospice. The collection also includes the business archives of Agneta’s brother Joseph Deutz, who was a merchant. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1654–1698 : Finland, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch

Relevant are the papers of Joseph Deutz (1624–1684), who conducted some trade with the Baltic region, most of all in pitch and tar. His trading activities are well-documented in correspondence, daybooks, journals and ledgers. CORRESPONDENCE •

280: Copybooks of letters of Joseph Deutz and, from 1684 on, his executors, 1681–1691 (1 volume).

GENERAL FINANCES • • • • • • • • •

281–283: Daybook of Joseph Deutz, 1654–1669, 1682–1698 (3 volumes). 284–288: Journal of Joseph Deutz, 1654–1659, 1668–1671, 1675–1688 (5 volumes). 289–296: Ledger of Joseph Deutz, 1654–1698 (8 volumes). 299: Maentboeck, statements of items to be received by Joseph Deutz on a monthly basis, with note on payment, 1655–1663 (2 volumes). 301: Accounts and receipts of Joseph Deutz and his executors, 1664, 1669–1670, 1682–1690 (1 bundle). 302–304: Copyboek van reekeninge, copies of bills and current accounts of Joseph Deutz regarding business transactions, 1667–1693 (3 volumes). 305: Banck en maentboeck, bankbook of Joseph Deutz, 1676–1688 (1 volume). 306: Cashbook of Joseph Deutz, 1677–1693 (1 volume). 308: Statement of debts at Joseph Deutz’ death, 1685 (1 piece).

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SPECIFIC FINANCIAL MATTERS • •

319: Transfer of one-sixteenth of a ship from Joan Gramsbergh to Joseph Deutz, 1673 (1 piece). 323: Valuation of one-eighth of the ship of skipper Baarent Ewoutsz. of Vlieland and one-eighth of the ship of skipper Dirck Ewoutsz., 1685 (1 piece).

TRADE IN TAR AND PITCH • •

341–347: Various nancial registers (daybooks, ledgers, etc.) of the tar company, 1662–1668 (7 volumes). 348–361: Various documents regarding Joseph Deutz’ dealings with the tar company, 1663–1693 and undated (41 pieces, 1 bundle). Including: * 349: Statement by Christoffel van Gangelt and Joseph Deutz regarding tar, salvaged around Wrangeroog from the ship of Jelle Jarichsz., after having been loaded at Viborg (in Finland), 1663–1667 (1 piece). * 350: Bill from Joachim Pötter of Stockholm regarding the purchase of 177 lasts of tar and 6 lasts of pitch by Christoffel van Gangelt and Joseph Deutz, which were transported by Jelle Jarchisz., 1667 (1 piece). * 353: Documents regarding the recovery by Joseph Deutz of 48 per cent of the insurance on 100 lasts of tar and 20 lasts of pitch on the ship Ridderhuys, of which only part was saved after the foundering of the ship, 1673 (10 pieces). * 357: Documents regarding legal proceedings between Cornelis Simonsz., wood salesman of Zaandam, and Christoffel van Gangelt and Joseph Deutz, who hired Simonsz.’ ship De Lastdrager in 1666 at the expense of Bartholomeus Ment, president at Landskrona, Sweden, 1687–1688 (1 bundle). * 359: Letter to Abraham Ortt as executor of Joseph Deutz, from Philip Botte at Stockholm, regarding the tar and pitch prices in Stockholm in 1673, 1690 (1 piece). * 361: Statement regarding the sale of 110 lasts of salvaged tar and 20 lasts of salvaged pitch, undated (1 piece).

Accessibility I.H. van Eeghen, Inventaris van het archief van regenten en regentessen van het Deutzenhofje (1962, 1990), with introduction in Dutch; also available at the repository’s website.

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Directorate for Baltic Trade and Shipping Record group Directorate for Baltic Trade and Shipping Directie van de Oostersche Handel en Reederijen Reference code : 78 Period : 1702–1971, 1975–1991 Extent : 459 items, 8 metres Abstract This collection consists of the extant administration of the Directorate for Baltic Trade and Shipping and is divided into ve sections: General, Administration, Finances, Specic Matters and Miscellaneous. Material includes copybooks, minutes of meetings, correspondence, accountbooks and cashbooks of the Directorate, and various documents regarding trade and shipping in the Baltic, such as letters, ordinances and treaties. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1667–1825 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, various languages

Almost all of the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century contents of this collection are relevant with regard to Dutch diplomacy and trade and shipping with and in the Baltic region. They include the following records: GENERAL ADMINISTRATION •

1–29: Various volumes and documents concerning the Directorate’s administration, such as: * 1: Copybook, 1702–1706 (1 volume). * 2–11, 15: Draft minutes, reports and minutes of the meetings of the directors (with an index of the minutes in no. 12), 1728–1791 (3 bundles, 16 pieces and 4 volumes). * 13–14: Lists of merchants on the Baltic, 1704 and early eighteenth century (3 pieces).

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* 16: Request to the town council for formal recognition and approval of the Directorate’s statutes, including these statutes, 1717–1719 (4 pieces). * 17–29: Some letters to and from the directors, 1726–1751, 1753 and 1796 (1 bundle and 3 pieces). 48–55, 59–68: Various documents concerning the appointment and resignation of directors, and the repeated transfer of the written administration of the Directorate, 1705–1797 (51 pieces).

FINANCES General • •

69–70 (–74): Accounts of the directors, 1717–1809 (–1938) (2 volumes), with appendices in nos. 75–77 (–83), 1704–1817 (–1957) (3 volumes). 84–86: Cashbooks, 1740–1810 (1849) (3 volumes).

Galjootsgeld (The galjootsgeld was a lastage that was paid by all ships sailing to Amsterdam from Norway and the Baltic, in order to be able to t out warning ships and convoys whenever merchant shipping to and in the Baltic was endangered.) •

•

•

94–102: Registers of the galjootsgeld by the directors, listing all ships arriving in Amsterdam from the Baltic, including port of origin, name and residence of the shipmaster, size of the ship and volume of the cargo on board, 1705–1706, 1707, 1709–1825. 103: Authorization from the Amsterdam Admiralty concerning the levying of lastage by the Directorate on ships coming from the Sound and Norway as regards the year 1704, 1704 (1 piece). 104–105: Two documents concerning the collection of the lastage by Reinier Lieftinck, 1710–1711 (2 pieces).

Bonds •

108–152: Documents concerning the purchase of bonds by the directors, 1723–1775 (3 bundles).

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SPECIFIC MATTERS Convoying and adviesjachten (warning ships) •

154–185: Various documents regarding the convoying of ships, mainly to Norway and the Baltic, and the dispatch of warning ships by the Directorate, 1695–1793 (126 pieces and 1 bundle). Including among other things: * 158–159: Book of signals of the Amsterdam Admiralty from the early eighteenth century, and a request to the Admiralty from merchants and skippers trading on the Baltic to produce such a book (draft) (2 pieces). * 165, 169, 172–174, 177, 178: Lists of ships sailing to the Baltic and Norway in convoy from the rst quarter of the eighteenth century (22 pieces). * 166, 168, 170, 171, 180, 182: Documents regarding the convoying of ships to the Baltic and Norway and the dispatch of warning ships from the early eighteenth century and the 1780s (67 pieces).

Grain trade •

186–205: Various documents regarding the grain trade, for example concerning the loan of grain stevedores, taxes on grain, grain measures, thefts of grain and regulations for the grain exchange, 1701–1800 (53 pieces and 1 bundle).

Navigation •

•

•

234: Proposals to the Directorate by Christiaan Asmus of Huyer in Holstein to t out a lighthouse at Trindel (Læsø) in the Kattegat, 1707 (4 pieces). 241: Documents regarding a proposal of the commissioner Johan Jacob Friedrichs at Helgoland regarding the placing of two re beacons there, passed on to the Directorate by the burgomasters, 1781 (2 pieces). 242: Documents regarding a memorandum of Mr. St. Saphorin to the States General regarding the tting out of re beacons in the Sound, 1782–1783, also including a letter concerning the appointment of consuls at Trondheim and Elseneur (Helsingør) (5 pieces).

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Lastage and other dues •

244–258: Various documents concerning lastage and other dues (veilgeld, middelen te water and convooien en licenten), 1688–1786 and undated (41 pieces).

Trade with the Baltic •

259–289: Various documents concerning trade in the Baltic region, 1704–1807 (97 pieces and 2 bundles). Including among other things: * 259, 263, 277, 278, 280–283, 286, 287: Letters and documents regarding trade and problems encountered by Dutch merchants trading in Gdansk (Danzig) and Poland, 1704–1794 (34 pieces). * 279: List of departing and arriving ships, including nationality and cargo, of incoming and shipped out grain, and of births, marriages and deaths in Gdansk, undated (1 piece). * 289: Considerations regarding the protection of the Dutch Republic against an outbreak of the plague in Gdansk, eighteenth century (1 piece). * 260, 265, 268–270, 272: Letters and documents regarding the salt trade and problems encountered by Dutch merchants trading in Königsberg (Kaliningrad) and Prussia, 1734–1735 (23 pieces and 2 bundles). * 262: Extract of a resolution of the States General regarding the import of hemp and ax from the Baltic following the attestation that there are no outbreaks of contagious diseases, printed, 1711 (1 piece). * 266: Report of a meeting of the directors regarding the roadsteads of the ports of Riga, Gdansk, Pillau (Baltisk), Windau and Memel (Klaipeda), 1715 (1 piece). * 284: Yearly reports to the directors by J.J. van Aller at Elseneur (Helsingør) regarding the number of ships passing through the Sound, 1792, 1795–1797, 1799–1807 (16 pieces). * 288: Considerations concerning the regulations regarding Amsterdam trade on the Baltic in a new ordinance, eighteenth century (1 piece).

Trade with Sweden •

282–325: Various documents concerning trade with Sweden, 1667–1790, (75 pieces and 1 bundle). Including: * 292: Ordinance concerning the Swedish sea tolls, 1667 (2 pieces). * 301, 303, 316: Various documents regarding Swedish tolls, 1715–1733 (8 pieces).

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* 293: Treaty of commerce, navigation and navy between Sweden and the Dutch Republic of 1679, 1681 (1 piece). * 300: Request of the Directorate to the States General to take action against the commisioned shipping (commissievaart) of the king of Sweden that is against the treaty of 1679, 1715 (4 pieces). * 306: Considerations regarding navigation to and commerce with Sweden, 1722 (1 piece). * 309: Ordinance of the king of Sweden regarding trade to Sweden and Finland, 1724 (1 piece). * 321, 322: Documents in reaction to an ordinance of the king of Sweden banning the import of certain goods into Sweden and increasing the dues on the import of other goods, 1735 (5 pieces). * 294–299, 302, 308, 310–312, 314, 315, 317: Various documents regarding Swedish privateering, the conscation of Dutch ships and goods, and other problems encountered by the Dutch in Sweden, 1700–1730 (36 pieces and 1 bundle). * 304, 307, 313: Various documents regarding precautions taken in Sweden against the plague being brought there by foreign ships, 1722, 1728 (6 pieces). * 305, 318, 319, 322, 324, 325: Miscellaneous documents regarding trade between Sweden and the Dutch Republic, 1722, 1734–35, 1790 and eighteenth century (11 pieces) * 320: List of ships reaching Amsterdam from Sweden in 1734 and 1735, after 1734 (4 pieces). Trade with Denmark and Norway •

326–393: Various documents concerning trade with Denmark and Norway, 1701–1802 (156 pieces and 1 quire). Including among other things: * 326–329, 331, 332, 334, 343, 353, 357, 362–364, 367, 368, 376–378: Various documents regarding tolls and other dues, 1701–1734, 1776–1780 (33 pieces). * 337, 341, 342, 345, 351, 360, 366, 373: Various documents regarding ordinances by the Danish kings and agreements between Denmark/Norway and the Dutch Republic regarding commerce, 1720–1737 (11 pieces). * 336, 338–340, 346, 354–356, 358, 374: Various documents regarding Danish privateering, the conscation of Dutch ships and goods and other problems encountered by the Dutch trading in Denmark, 1718–1737 and undated (40 pieces). * 361: Letter to Arent van Deurs at Elseneur (Helsingør) regarding the discontinuing of the special position of the Dutch, 1731 (1 piece).

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* 379: Letter to the directors from J.C. van Deurs at Elseneur regarding the warning of ships because of the outbreak of war, 1781 (1 piece). Trade with Russia •

394–427: Various documents concerning trade with Russia (via the Baltic and to Archangel), 1705–1800 (75 pieces). Including among other things: * 394: Documents regarding attempts of Amsterdam merchants to encourage the town council and the States General to use their inuence through the ambassador to convince the Tsar not to bomb Riga, c. 1705 (2 pieces). * 395, 424, 425, 427: Documents concerning the appointment of commissioners in Riga, Reval (Tallinn), Libau (Liepaja), Windau and elsewhere, after 1710, 1792–1800 (9 pieces). * 396, 407: Documents including considerations regarding tractates of commerce between Holland and the Russian Tsar, 1713, 1729 (9 pieces). * 397: Translation of a letter of Prince Kurakin at The Hague regarding the transport of goods to St. Petersburg instead of to Archangel, 1714 (1 piece). * 399–401, 404, 405, 410, 412, 414–417, 422: Various documents concerning tariffs on incoming and outgoing rights as regards the Russian ports, 1724–1731 and undated (19 pieces). * 402: Copy of a mandate of the Tsar concerning foreign merchants and skippers, 1724 (1 piece). * 403: Lists of receipts of galjootsgelden of ships from St. Petersburg, 1726–1728 (4 pieces) . * 420, 423: Letters regarding the conscation of ships by the Russians, 1737–1738, 1776 (7 pieces). * 421: Extract of a missive of a commissioner from St. Petersburg to the States General including an ordinance of the Tsar regarding the wood trade from 1752, 1753 (2 pieces). * 426: Letter to the directors from the commissioner at Libau concerning certicates for ships and the price of grain, 1797 (1 piece).

Helgoland commissioners •

428–431: Various documents regarding the appointment of commissioners on Helgoland and agents for Lübeck, Hamburg and Bremen, 1774–1792 (12 pieces).

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Hoorn Directorate •

432–443: Letters from the Hoorn Directorate to the directors at Amsterdam regarding various subjects, such as the renewal of the Sound Toll treaty, lastage, convoys, directorate meetings and the appointment of new directors, 1721–1793 (18 pieces and 1 bundle).

MISCELLANEOUS •

• •

445: Letters to Johannes van Droogenhorst and son at Amsterdam from his niece and nephews Theodora de Clercq, Johan de Clercq en Michiel de Clercq on the island of Texel with reports on arriving and departing ships, 1706–1716, including ships sailing out in convoy to Norway and the Baltic in 1708, 1712 and 1713 (1 bundle). 452: Draft letters from the directors for Baltic Trade and Shipping to the burgomasters, 1770 (3 pieces). 458: Instruction for shipowners and shipmasters, undated (1 piece).

Accessibility I.H. van Eeghen, Inventaris van het archief van de directie van den oostersche handel en reederijen (1961, 1991), with extensive introduction in Dutch; also available on the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance The Directorate for Baltic Trade and Shipping was ofcially recognised by the Amsterdam town council in 1717, meaning that it had to give account to the town council from this date. Before that time, commissioners had already occasionally been appointed by interested parties (merchants and shipowners) from about 1689 to promote their interests in times of insecurity (wars etc.) in Baltic trade. In 1702, the committee was ofcially established and from 1706 consisted of three merchants and three shipowners. From 1708 the interests in trade on Norway were were also promoted. The function of the Directorate was to do anything in its might to encourage government institutions to equip a convoy to protect trade. The Directorate also regularly sent out warning ships (adviesjachten) for which the galjootsgeld was levied. Eventually, the main activity was the protection of interests of the trade in grain and other merchandise. In 1798 a separate committee for the grain trade was established.

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Custodial history The archives of the Directorate for Baltic Trade and Shipping were kept by the directors, and, from the mid-eighteenth century, partly by the board’s advocate. In the ninetheenth century, the advocate was the sole keeper of the archives. The collection was not always kept with much care, and parts of the archives have therefore gone missing. Some important papers were, for example, returned to the archives in the 1950s from the archives of the Backer family. A member of this family, advocate C.H. Backer, was asked to make an inventory of the archives in the mid-ninetheenth century and had apparently kept parts of the collection to himself. He also suggested to destroy the Sound lists and letters from Elseneur (Helsingør), for which the directorate gave its permission. In 1912 the archives were given on loan to the Amsterdam City Archives and some supplements were added in the 1950s and 1960s. Copies Part of the registers of the galjootsgeld (nos. 96–101) are available on microlm (lm nos. 4903–4906), which can be consulted in the reading room. Related materials • • •

Directorate for Baltic Trade and Shipping; supplement (reference code: 78A). Commissioners of the Grain Trade (reference code: 93). Directorate for Muscovite Trade (reference code: 6).

Publications •

Brakel, S. van, “De Directie van den Oosterschen Handel en Reederijen te Amsterdam”, in: Bijdragen voor Vaderlandsche Geschiedenis en Oudheidkunde, 4th series, 9 (1910), pp. 329–364.

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Directorate for Muscovite Trade Record group Directorate for Muscovite Trade Directie van de Moscovische handel Reference code :6 Period : 1694–1823 Extent : 124 items, 3 metres Abstract This collection consists of the extant administration of the Directorate for Muscovite Trade and is divided into six sections: General, Administration, Finances, Special Matters, the “Negotiaties” of 1698 and 1717, and Miscellaneous. Material includes correspondence and nancial registers of the Directorate and various documents regarding trade and shipping to Russia via the White Sea and the Baltic. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1646–1823 : Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, various languages

Relevant materials include the following items: GENERAL ADMINISTRATION •

•

•

3–4, 33–45: Letters sent to the directors by consuls, representatives and merchants in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Archangel, Riga, Reval (Tallinn) and ofcials in the Netherlands, 1729–1822 (54 pieces and 2 bundles). 5–32: Letters to the directors of widow Arent van Deurs and company at Elseneur (Helsingør) regarding shipping in the Sound, 1755–1781, 1792, 1794 (27 bundles and 2 pieces). 46: Brieven copijboek etc., register of outgoing letters and of extracts of resolutions from the States of Holland and West-Friesland and the States General, 1782–1821 (1 volume).

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FINANCES General •

49–53: Various registers of receipts and expenses, and accounts of the directors, 1694–1823 (3 volumes and 2 bundles).

Galjootsgeld (The galjootsgeld was a lastage that was paid by all ships sailing to Amsterdam from the White Sea, and later on from St. Petersburg, in order to be able to t out warning ships and convoys when merchant shipping to these ports was endangered.) • •

57: Statement of 13 skippers, who still owe the galjootsgeld of 1716, 1717 (1 piece). 58–62: Accounts for the directors of the galjootsgeld, 1717–1796, 1814–1823 (42 pieces and 2 bundles) (lm no. 4907).

SPECIFIC MATTERS •

63–96: Various documents concerning trade and shipping to the White Sea and to the Baltic, 1646–1823 (87 pieces, 1 quire and 3 bundles). Including among other things: * 65: Documents concerning the move of trade from Archangel to St. Petersburg, early eighteenth century (5 pieces). * 66: Copy of a letter from Dutch merchants at Moscow to the directors at Amsterdam, 1715 (1 piece). * 67, 78: Copies of requests to the States General by the Directorates for Baltic and Muscovite Trade and an individual shipowner respectively to reclaim Dutch ships taken by the Swedes, 1717, 1728 or later (2 pieces). * 91: Documents concerning a request by the Directorate in response to a privateering regulation issued by the Swedish king, 1790 (2 pieces). * 69: Regulations of the Tsar regarding the shipping of goods, 1721 and undated (2 pieces). * 71, 80: Documents concerning the efforts of two residents and an envoy at the court of the Tsar, 1723–1725, 1729–1755 (2 bundles). * 77: Copy of a request of the directors to the burgomasters to encourage the States General to send out a delegation to Russia to obtain a reduction of the tariffs, c. 1728 (1 piece).

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* 87: Documents regarding the efforts of the directors to get a reduction of the impost on tobacco from Russia, 1785–1790 (9 pieces). * 94: List of merchandise of which the import into Russia has been banned or allowed according to the regulation of 1782, and the tariffs on imports of 1791, after 1791 (1 piece). * 72: Considerations on the unfavourable conditions for the Dutch trade at St. Petersburg, c. 1715 (1 piece). * 74: Amsterdam newspapers with reports on Muscovite matters, 1727–1729 (7 pieces). * 76: Documents regarding the attempts of the directors to obtain the lastage of ships sailing to St. Petersburg, 1728 and undated (2 pieces). * 84: Documents concerning the efforts of the directors with regard to the ship De Liefde belonging to Russians, which was cast ashore in Scotland, 1774 (2 pieces). * 85: Reports of a meeting of the West India Company, the Directorates for Baltic and Muscovite Trade and others regarding the damage done by the English, c. 1782 (?) (1 piece). * 86: Documents regarding requests from the Directorates for Baltic and Muscovite Trade to send convoys with the trading eets, 1784 (4 pieces). * 93: Documents regarding the appointment of consuls at St. Petersburg, Kronstadt, Riga and Archangel, 1791–1792 (8 pieces). * 96: Documents regarding the discontinuance of the Directorate, 1812–1823 (4 pieces). 97–101: Various documents concerning Russian tariffs and tolls, all undated (31 pieces). 102–113: Various documents regarding (the support of) the Dutch church congregations and the appointment of preachers in Moscow, Archangel and St. Petersburg, 1694–1779 (26 pieces, 4 bundles and 2 volumes). 114–122: Various documents regarding negotiaties (bonds) issued in 1698 and 1717, 1698–1730 (35 pieces and 2 bundles). Including: * 119: Accounts of received lastage in Rotterdam, 1717–1728 (3 pieces).

MISCELLANEOUS •

124: Letter listing the ships arriving in Zaandam, Noord-Holland, on the Meuse and in Zeeland, undated (from the lastage account of 1739) (1 piece).

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Accessibility I.H. van Eeghen, Inventaris van het archief van de directie van de moscovische handel (1961, 1999), with extensive introduction in Dutch; also available on the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance Merchants involved in Muscovite trade (on the White Sea) already joined forces occasionally before 1688 to protect their interests when necessary, but this cooperation only resulted in a permanent commission during the Nine Years’ War (1688–1697). This commission used different names in the early phases of its history, but from the second half of the eighteenth century the name “Directorate for Muscovite Trade” was used increasingly more often. Between 1693 (perhaps earlier) and 1709 a tax (schipgeld ) was charged on all ships returning safely from Archangel; from about 1716 a lastage (galjootsgeld) was levied. When Tsar Peter the Great had founded St. Petersburg and most Russian exports were moved there, the Directorate also tried to obtain the lastage of ships sailing from this port, but this was unsuccessful because of opposition from the Directorate for Baltic Trade and Shipping. Renewed attempts from 1752 were successful, however, and from that date the lastage of ships from St. Petersburg was also levied by the Muscovite Directorate. The function of the Directorate was to make sure that convoys were sent along with the trading eet by the Admiralty. Sometimes soldiers were hired by the Directorate to ensure that such convoys could be dispatched. The Directorate also sent out warning ships (adviesjachten). Another important activity was the (nancial) support to the Dutch church congregations in Archangel, Moscow and, later on, St. Petersburg. Copies Part of the accounts for the directors of the galjootsgeld (nos. 59–61) are available on microlm (lm no. 4907), which can be consulted in the reading room. Related materials • • •

Directorate for Baltic Trade and Shipping (reference code: 78) Directorate for Baltic Trade and Shipping; supplement (reference code: 78A) Commissioners of the Grain Trade (reference code: 93)

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Publications •

Brakel, S. van, “Statistische en andere gegevens betreffende onzen handel en scheepvaart op Rusland gedurende de 18de eeuw”, in: Bijdragen en Mededelingen van het Historisch Genootschap, 34 (1913), pp. 350–404; including a history of the Directorate for Muscovite Trade.

Guilds and Brewers’ Board Record group Guilds and Brewers’ Board Gilden en brouwerscollege Reference code : 366 Period : 1371–1948 Extent : 1738 items, 48 metres Abstract This collection contains the remaining archives of almost fty Amsterdam guilds. The material includes lists of board members and guild brothers, resolutions, minutes of meetings and correspondence of the boards, ordinances concerning the guilds in general and individual guilds in particular, and nancial registers. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1509–1908 : Germany, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

There are a few guild archives that include relevant material concerning the organisation of long-distance trade and merchants involved in this trade (Bergenvaarders Guild and Great Inland and Long-Distance Traders’ Guild), the organisation of shipbuilding (Compass and Sailmakers’ Guild and Shipwrights’ and Mastmakers’ Guild) and pilotage (Pilots’ Guild).

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BERGENVAARDERS GUILD (later Stocksh Merchants’ Guild) General •

1–5: Minutes of meetings, draft resolutions, incoming and outgoing documents from and to the town council and ordinances regarding the guilds in general, 1754–1908 (2 volumes and 27 pieces).

Board and members • • •

7: Appointments of board members, 1794–1892 (1 bundle). 8: List of guild brothers with year of entry and death or resignation, 1795 (1 piece). 11: Accordantboek wegens de waag dezer stad Amsterdam, including a list of board members at the beginning (1752–1809) and list of guild members at the back (1766–1806), 1752–1807 (1 volume).

Miscellaneous • •

21: Historical overview of the guild, 1799 (1 piece). 23: Documents concerning the guild, 1795–1819 (18 pieces).

COMPASS AND SAILMAKERS’ GUILD •

•

305–308: Ordinances, 1664–1701 (printed 1720, with additions from 1726) and 1664–1726 (printed 1742, with additions from 1749/50 and 1749–1791) (4 volumes). 310: Register of sailmakers, including index, 1774–1811 (1 volume).

GREAT INLAND AND LONG-DISTANCE TRADERS’ GUILD Board and members •

•

359: Het tweede memoriael 1642, including lists of burgomasters, aldermen and board members, with a statement on the number and type of guild brothers, 1642–1648, and a statement on board members, 1603–1660 and 1661–1797, also including a list of old men receiving an allowance, 1646–1811 (1 volume). 360: List of skippers with statement of the size of their ships and the weight they can carry, 1676 (1 piece).

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Financial administration •

362–366: Ontfang en uytgift van ’t Grootboeck, cashbook, 1675–1708, 1723–1759 and 1776–1800 (5 volumes).

Further administration •

376: Leave notes for foreign skippers, allowing them to load, 1672–1681 (1 bundle).

Appendix: Archives of the commissioners of the long-distance traders • •

349: Groote Binnenlandtvaerders gildeboeck, ordinances for inland traders, long-distance traders and lightermen, 1583–1688 (1 volume). 352–356: Ordinances for the Great Inland and Long-distance Traders’ Guild, without date (1509–1750, 1509–1777, 1509–1790) and 1794 (5 printed volumes).

General •

• • •

•

385–388: Resolutieboeck, register of statements concerning cases brought before the commissioners, their decisions and further resolutions, 1642– 1652, 1687–1696 and 1714–1762 (2 volumes and 2 bundles). 389: Missivenboeck, copybook of incoming and outgoing documents regarding the long-distance traders, 1687–1690 (1 volume). 390: Documents regarding shipping to Hamburg and Bremen, 1670–1802 (1 bundle). 394: Documents regarding a trial between the supervisor of the longdistance traders and J. Muysken about the loading of a foreign ship to Hamburg, 1762–1764 (1 bundle). 398: Ordinances for the long-distance traders, 1611–1673 (printed 1673) (1 volume).

Board and members •

401: Registers of the bargemen assigned to regular service and statements of cargoes with a note of the merchants to Hamburg and Bremen (and other places), 1673–1694 (1 volume).

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PILOTS’ GUILD General •

940–941: Ordinances, 1630–1760 (without printing date) and 1733–1790 (2 volumes).

Board and members •

942: Statements of pilots on the Texel and Vlie streams, with date of appointment etc., including ordinances and copies of incoming and outgoing documents, 1770–1837 (1 volume).

Further administration •

•

982–984 (–987): Lootsmans alphabet, statements of the amounts of passports issued to skippers, with note of their destination, alphabetically ordered on rst name, 1784, 1793 and 1798 (1802, 1804 and 1805) (3 volumes). 988 (–989): Rolboek van het Vlie en Texel stroomen, lists of skippers, name and type of vessels and the hired pilots to Texel and Vlie, 1789–1796 (1806–1818).

SHIPWRIGHTS’ AND MASTMAKERS’ GUILD General • •

1376–1377: Ordinances for the shipwrights, 1591–1667 and 1591–1724 (printed 1732, with additions from 1734–1750) (2 volumes). 1378: Ordinances for the mastmakers, 1591–1785 (printed 1793) (1 piece).

Board and members • •

1380: Documents concerning the appointment of board members, 1753 (1 piece). 1382: Het jaersangenboeck, list of guild brothers, alphabetically ordered on rst and last name, 1750–1767 (1 volume).

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Accessibility I.H. van Eeghen, Inventarissen der archieven van de gilden en van het brouwerscollege (1951, 1990), with introduction in Dutch; also available on the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance The oldest Amsterdam guilds originated from the fourteenth century. The number of guilds grew from 19 in 1486, through 24 in 1570 and 46 in 1688, to 51 in the 1760s. From the second half of the eighteenth century, some of the guilds were discontinued and in 1798 a complete abolishment of the guilds was ordered, but it only took effect in 1818. Some guilds continued to exist in an altered shape, such as the Great Inland and LongDistance Traders’ Guild and the Small Inland Traders’ Guild. The Bergenvaarders Guild was rst mentioned in 1486. From 1576 stocksh merchants were also included and rms could become members as well. The Compassmakers’ Guild was founded in 1664 and a year later the sailmakers were united with it, as many sailmakers also produced compasses. The Great Inland and Long-Distance Traders’ Guild was a fusion of two guilds. The Inland Traders’ Guild already existed in 1453, whereas the Long-Distance Traders’ Guild came into existence before 1578. The two guilds were united in 1648. Originally ships larger than 15 lasts came under the guild, but in 1669 this was raised to 24 lasts. Smaller ships came under the Small Inland Traders’ Guild. In the nineteenth century, the guild was continued as the Great Long-Distance Traders’ Ofce (Kantoor), but it was abolished in 1880. The Pilots’ Guild was rst mentioned in 1632. All ships loading in Amsterdam were obliged to hire pilots, unless they were carrying ballast, or their own or their shipowners’ goods. Pilots were appointed by the aldermen. After the abolishment of the guilds, pilotage continued to exist as a town institution until 1869, when it became a state institution. The shipwrights were originally members of the Carpenters’ Guild, became part of the Long-distance Traders’ Guild in 1517 and got their own guild around 1579. Shipyard owners were obliged to be members and servants could also become members. The mastmakers were included in the guild in or shortly before 1656. The two crafts remained separate and largely independent, however.

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Custodial history With a few exceptions, the guild archives have survived rather incompletely. Due to the repeatedly changing archival administration and repeated transfer of the archives in the nineteenth century, much material was lost, even when the archives were given in custody at the town hall in 1829. Remaining sections of the archives were passed onto the town until the rst half of the twentieth century. Publications •

Dillen, J.G. van, Bronnen tot de geschiedenis van het bedrijfsleven en het gildewezen van Amsterdam 1512–1672 (The Hague, 1929–1974), 3 Vols. (Rijks Geschiedkundige Publicatiën, 69, 78 and 144); this publication contains all or most of the extant documents and regulations regarding the Amsterdam guilds of the period 1512–1672, from keurboeken (bylaw books), the notarial archives, the guild archives and other sources, and includes introductions on the Amsterdam guilds and indexes (the oldest by-laws regarding the guilds (until 1512) are edited in J.C. Breen, Rechtsbronnen der stad Amsterdam (The Hague, 1902)).

Hospices Record group Hospices Gasthuizen Reference code Period Extent

: 342 : 1330–1875 : 2130 items, 51 metres

Abstract There were six hospices in Medieval Amsterdam. Of three of these the les are kept in this record group: the Old Hospice (Oude Gasthuis), the St. Peter’s Hospice (Sint-Pietersgasthuis) and Our Lady’s Hospice (OnzeLieve-Vrouwegasthuis). Also included are the les of two convents (Oude Nonnenklooster and Nieuwe Nonnenklooster) and of the lunatic asylum (Dolhuis). Materials include registers of possessions, revenues and expenses, documents regarding the administration and governance of these institutions and acts of donations and testamentary dispositions.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1485–1490 : Germany, Poland, the Netherlands : Dutch

The record group includes only one relevant item, no. 2130: a merchants’ account book, with on the cover (in later handwriting): Renteboek van Reyer Dircsz. 1485. It consists of notes of receipts and expenses of Simon Reyersz. and Reyer Dircsz., merchants in cloth and other merchandise, trading in Lübeck and Gdansk. Accessibility Inventory (in Dutch) with introduction, which is also available through the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance Little personal information about Simon Reyersz. and Reyer Dircsz., probably uncle and nephew, has survived. They were merchants based in Amsterdam and traded in the usual merchandise of the period: grain, salt, hemp, wine, ash, wood, tar, pitch and cloth. It is unclear how the account book of the two merchants ended up in the archives of the Hospices. Publications •

Posthumus, N.W., De Oosterse handel te Amsterdam: het oudst bewaarde koopmansboek van een Amsterdamse vennootschap betreffende de handel op de Oostzee, 1485–1490 (Leiden, 1953), which includes a reproduction and transcription of the account book.

Insinger and Co. Bank Record group Insinger and Co. Bank Bank Insinger en Co. Reference code : 1455 Period : 1775–1980 Extent : 2481 items, 86 metres

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Abstract These archives mainly contain the administration of the Bank of Insinger and Co., which was founded in the late eighteenth century and dealt foremost with nancial transactions and the caretaking of Carribean plantations. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1760–1796 : Denmark, the Netherlands : Dutch

Although the Insinger and Co. Bank was mainly active in the Carribean, plans existed to open a branch of the rm in Copenhagen. A few items with regard to contacts with Denmark are therefore included: •

•

•

791: Copies of letters from H.A. Insinger to O. ter Borch and T. ter Borch regarding the opening of a branch of the rm in Copenhagen, 1785–1786 (1 folder). 1206: Invoice of goods shipped to Copenhagen on the ships Magdelena Christina, Anna Maria, De Vier Gebroeders, De Baronesse van Rosenerone and Elisabet Magdalena, 1796 (1 piece). 2039–2040: Registers regarding the settlement of loans on the Danish tolls of 1760, 1780 and 1785 to the Danish Finance Department, 1866–1924 (2 volumes).

Accessibility Jan Willem Schilt and Anne-Marie Kwakernaak, Inventaris van het archief van de bank Insinger en Co. (2003), with introduction in Dutch; also available at the repository’s website.

Insurance Brokers Widow J. van Bosse and Son Record group Insurance Brokers Widow J. van Bosse and Son Assurantiebezorgers wed. J. van Bosse en Zoon Reference code : 562 Period : 1740–1928 Extent : 366 items, 3 metres

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Abstract This record group consists of the business administration of the Van Bosse family of insurance brokers. Their rm took care of insurance matters for several large companies such as the Hollandsche Spoorweg Maatschappij (Dutch Railway Company), the Hollandsche Stoomboot Maatschappij (Dutch Steamboat Company) and the Nederlandsche Handel Maatschappij (Dutch Trade Company). The records include bookkeeping, contracts regarding partnerships with other rms, business correspondence and insurance policies (some from the period before 1740). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1672–1890 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, various languages

Relevant materials concern marine insurance, insurance tariffs and premiums and cases of damage to ships. They include the following records: GENERAL •

•

•

43–164: Collection of numbered documents regarding insurances, damage cases, arbitrations, recommendations and considerations (regarding legal problems), mainly concerning marine insurance, eighteenth-nineteenth century (several without date) (122 folders). Among other records including: * 111: Some antiquities, c. 1787–1810 (1 folder), containing among other papers a notarial contract between the rm “Teijler en Teijler van Hull” (merchants of Amsterdam) as loaders, and captain J. Barens van Altona with the Danish ship De Vriendschap as freighters. * 124: Case concerning the ship De Twee Goede Vrienden cast ashore near Gdansk (Danzig) and captained by J.M. Hammen, 1796 (1 folder). 189–209: Collection of marine insurance policies, 1672–1887 (21 folders). Among other records including: * 196: Policy concerning goods on a journey from Canton (?) to Copenhagen on the ships De Koningin Sophia Magdalena captained by Jorgen Dicksen and De Prinses Louiza captained by Jens Knie, insured: Everhard Bouwer father and son, taken out in Amsterdam, 1763 (1 folder). 259–280: Collection of documents regarding insurance tariffs and premiums, 1746–1903 (22 folders). Among other records including:

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* 260: Insurance premiums for journeys from the Baltic to Amsterdam, Hamburg or Bremen, without date (5 pieces). * 262: Swedish insurance premiums, 1768 and without date (2 pieces). * 263: Insurance premiums on foreign vessels (vuure en sweedsche schepen uitgezonder), to and from places north or east of Hamburg, from and to the Baltic, from Riga or Pernau (Pärnu), 1775 (1 folder). CONTINUATIONS • •

320: Survey of paid premiums and received damages, 1742–1890 (1 folder). 321: Journal of the insurance brokerage, 1770–1792 (1 small volume in a folder).

CONSORTIUM OF VARIOUS INSURANCE COMPANIES AND INSURERS • •

326–333 (–343): Registers of accounts of damage or average (schadeboeken), 1740–1800 (–1829) (18 volumes). 346–349: Ledgers, with alphabetic index (except no. 349), 1786–1799 (4 volumes).

Accessibility P. Boeijkens, Particulier Archief 562. Wed. J. van Bosse en zoon, assurantiebezorgers (Amsterdam, 1976), with extensive introduction in Dutch; also available at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance Set up around 1740 by W. van Heijningen, the insurance company was taken over in 1770 by Dirk van Bosse, who had become an associate in the rm in 1765, and renamed “Dirk van Bosse”. Around 1798 Dirk’s son Jan van Bosse became an associate. After the former’s death in 1815, the rm was continued as “Jan van Bosse”. When Jan died in 1820, his widow took over and after her son had become an associate in 1832, the name was changed to “Wed. J. van Bosse en Zoon”. In 1927 the rm was partnered with “De Vos en Zoon” and “Mercier en Matthes”. When in 1948 the rm was completely merged with “De Vos en Zoon”, the name “Wed. J. van Bosse en Zoon” was no longer used.

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Notaries Public Stationed in Amsterdam Record group Notaries Public Stationed in Amsterdam Notarissen ter standplaats Amsterdam Reference code : 5075 Period : 1578–1915 Extent : 28620 items, 3612 metres Abstract This collection contains the administration of the notaries public in Amsterdam. It chiey consists of drafts and copies of notarial deeds of a large number of notaries active between 1578 and 1915. The collection is arranged according to the names of the notaries in chronological order. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1578–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, various languages

Many relevant documents are contained in this collection. They include descriptions and valuations of damage to ships and cargo (average), charterparties and bills of lading, bodemerij deeds (regarding loans with a ship or cargo as surety), sales or transfers of ownership of ships or ships’ parts, insurance policies on ships and/or cargo, ships’ inventories, ships’ protests, and the transfer of ownership of commodities. Specialist notaries for shipping matters in the seventeenth century were Simon van Sevenhoven and Jan Fransen Bruijningh. Accessibility Inventory, which only lists notaries and their registers of drafts and copies of notarial deeds; also available at the repository’s website. Only about 10 per cent (mainly from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, with the years 1578–1620 and 1701–1710 covered in most detail) of the collection has been made accessible on topic through a system of index cards sorted according to a large number of keywords. These cards are not directly available to the general public, but requests for cards concerning a

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specic keyword can be directed to the reading room staff. Relevant keywords include georgaphical names (Denmark, Finland, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden and the Baltic, and towns, islands, rivers in those areas, as well as citizens from, people staying, residing or deceased in these places, and routes of ships), professions (skippers/captains, shipwrights, surgeons and other seamen, shipowners, guild ofcials, grain (or other) merchants, harbour ofcials, etc.), personal names, and matters (insurance, companies (Noordse compagnie, Russische graancompagnie), shares in foreign companies, guilds, various commodities of trade, the tting out of ships (rederij), shipbuilding, names of ships, ships’ types, admiralty (convoys, lastage), cartography, ships’ parts, sale of ships, pilotage and shipping (average, crew, salvage, freight conditions, bills of lading, conscation of ships, oating ice, wintering, passengers, ships’ inventories, journals, valuations and protests, wrecking and beachcombing, routes, lighthouses and bills of exchange)). Copies The archives of the period between 1578 and 1737 (nos. 1–12539) are available on microlm (various numbers). Publications •

Winkelman, B.P.H., Bronnen voor de geschiedenis van de Nederlandse Oostzeehandel in de zeventiende eeuw, 6 Vols. and others in preparation (RGP, Grote Serie, various nos.) (The Hague, 1971–).

Orphan Chamber; Burial Registers Record group Orphan Chamber; Burial Registers Weeskamer; begraafregisters Reference code : 5004 Period : 1563–1811 Extent : 115 items, 9 metres Abstract This collection consists of the remaining burial registers of the Weeskamer (orphan chamber or orphan board). It includes registers of all parents deceased in Amsterdam, in order to administer the succession rights of the surviving parent or orphans, or other family members.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1652–1800 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are items 108–114 (–115), the so-called Calisregisters nos. 2–8 (–9), dating from 1652–1800 (–1811) (7 volumes). These registers contain information on Amsterdam citizens who passed away outside of Amsterdam or who were missing at sea. Accessibility On paper, the inventory is included in: Lijst van de registers van doop, trouw en begraven te Amsterdam (Amsterdam, 1911). A separate inventory is available on the repository’s website. Publications •

•

Eeghen, I.H. van, “De doop-, trouw- en begraafboeken te Amsterdam van voor de invoering van de burgerlijke stand”, in: Nederlands Archievenblad, 52 (1947–1948), pp. 31–42, 66–76, 123–132. Oldelwelt, W.F.H., “De weeskamer”, in: Amsterdamse archiefvondsten (Amsterdam, 1942), pp. 123–127.

Supreme Commissioners of the Harbours, Inlets and Cranes, and the Harbour Service Record group Supreme Commissioners of the Harbours, Inlets and Cranes, and the Harbour Service Oppercommissarissen der havens, walen en kranen, en de havendienst Reference code : 502 Period : 1674–1983 Extent : 1536 items, 41 metres Abstract These archives contain the administration of the supreme commissioners of the harbour, walen (inlets on the IJ River) and cranes (until 1834), and that of the harbour service (1834–1983).

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1674–1807 : the Netherlands : Dutch

Due to a lack of regulation regarding the administration of the supreme commissioners of the harbour, walen and cranes, records are almost nonexistent. Only a few items regarding the general and nancial administration and some miscellaneous papers have survived. General administration • • •

1 (–3): Minutes of meetings, 1795–1799 (–1830, records from 1800–1806 are missing) (1 volume). 5: Register of instructions concerning the walen, 1694–1795 (1 volume). 6–7: “New maps of the Old and New Walen, as well as all the booms and watchhouses of the supervisors of the walen (waalridders), etc.”, 1750 (2 pieces); kept in the Historisch-Topograsche Atlas collections of the City Archives (see also under “pictoral quality”).

Financial administration • •

9 (–10): Cashbook, 1795–1807 (–1833) (1 volume). 11: Lists of receipts of the klompwacht dues, 1680–1794 (1 folder); klompwachten were hired when the water of the harbour was frozen over, in order to prevent thefts from ships more effectively.

Miscellaneous •

12: Letter of Peter Horn at Blokzijl to Michiel Muyden, supreme waalridder, regarding a ship which sank on the course of navigation between Ens and Amsterdam, 1674 (1 piece).

Accessibility P.D.J. van Iterson, Inventaris van de archieven van de oppercommissarissen der havens, walen en kranen te Amsterdam, 1674–1834 en van de havendienst van Amsterdam 1834–1919 (no date), with extensive introduction in Dutch; also available online on the repository’s website.

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Record creator / provenance Until the mid-sixteenth century, no governing body supervising the harbour and the walen existed. Only the men in charge of the booms at the entrance of the harbour had some authority. In 1552 and 1556 respectively, supervisors over the walen and the harbour were appointed by the burgomasters. In 1642 these supervisors came under the command of the commissioner of the harbour, walen and cranes, later the supreme commissioners. In 1834 this commission was replaced by the harbour service. Visually attractive Items 6 and 7 are two engraved maps of the harbour of Amsterdam (east and west), which were originally part of these archives, but are now kept in the map collections of the City Archives: “Historisch-topograsche atlas, kaarten van het stadsgedeelte”, no. 212.

Town Council (Resolutions with Appendices) Record group Town Council (Resolutions with Appendices) Vroedschap (resoluties met munimenten of bijlagen) Reference code : 5025 Period : 1536–1795 Extent : 169 items, 31 metres Abstract This collection contains the remaining resolutions of the Amsterdam vroedschap (town council) with various appendices. Also included are reports on issues dealt with at meetings of the States of Holland and WestFriesland. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1536–1795 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are both the resolutions and their appendices, which include decisions regarding shipping, trade and the harbour, and the reports from the

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States of Holland and West-Friesland, which contain decisions concerning Baltic trade and shipping. •

• • •

1–81: Resolutions of the vroedschap, including indices, 1536–1795 (81 volumes). Separate indices produced around 1920 are available under nos. 82–94, 1536–1621 and 1628–1633 (13 volumes). 94–152: Munimenten or appendices to the resolutions of the vroedschap, 1646–1792 (58 volumes). 153–158: Nieuw Muniment Vroedschap, appendices to the council resolutions collected around 1920, 1565–1795 (6 bundles). 166–169: Reports on issues treated at meetings of the States of Holland and West-Friesland, 1659–1787 (3 bundles, 1 volume).

Accessibility P.H.J. van der Laan, Inventaris van het archief van de vroedschap 1536–1795 (Amsterdam, 1991); also available at the repository’s website. Related materials The resolutions of the vroedschap from 1490 to 1532 are recorded in the Groot Memoriaal, volume 1, to be found in the record group of “Burgomasters; Great Daybook” (reference code: 5023). Publications •

Iterson, P.D.J. van, and P.H.J. van der Laan (eds.), Resoluties van de vroedschap van Amsterdam 1490–1550 (Amsterdam, 1986).

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Town Secretary; Documents Regarding the Supervision on the Recovery of the Fourtieth, Eightieth and Twentieth Penny and the Whole and Half Twentieth Penny Record group Town Secretary; Documents Regarding the Supervision on the Recovery of the Fourtieth, Eightieth and Twentieth Penny and the Whole and Half Twentieth Penny Stadssecretaris; Stukken betreffende het toezicht op de inning van de veertigste, tachtigste en twintigste penning en de hele en halve twintigste penning Reference code : 5047 Period : 1682–1807 Extent : 102 items, 16 metres Abstract This collection consists of the administration of the town secretaries with regard to the supervision on the revovery of several town levies. It includes registers regarding provincial levies (such as those on collateral succession, immovable goods and ships, seizures, marriage and burial, and nes for groundless charges) and town levies (such as those on sold houses, seizures and death taxes on foreigners). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1748–1800 : the Netherlands : Dutch

Relevant are the registers of the levies on the sale of ships, mortgages on ships, and on ships’ guns. These contain information on ship types, names, buyers and sellers (both of which paid half the levy), and selling prices. • •

344–360: Expenses account of Nicolaas Witsen, secretary of Amsterdam, 1748–1762 (17 volumes). 361–398 (–403): Registers of receipts of the secretaries regarding the fourtieth and eightieth penny on ships in Amsterdam, 1763–1800 (–1805) (38 volumes).

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Accessibility J. Brandenburg, Archief van de stadssecretaris belast met de inning van de 40e, 80e en 20e penning . . . en 40e penning op schepen 1682–1807 (Amsterdam, 2001), including an introduction; also available at the repository’s website. Related materials •

Collection of Receipts Regarding the Fourtieth Penny on the Sale of Ships and Ships’ Parts (reference code: 5383).

Treasurers Ordinaris Record group Treasurers Ordinaris Thesaurieren Ordinaris Reference code : 5039 Period : 1490–1876 Extent : 772 items, 46 metres Abstract This collection consists of the administration of the treasurers ordinaris of the town of Amsterdam. It includes resolutions, minutes of meetings of the treasurers, requests and correspondence, and the treasurers’ nancial administration for the town, with registers of expenses and receipts, ledgers and cashbooks. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1490–1808 : Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are a few documents regarding diplomatic relations with Denmark and the treasurers’ nancial registers, which may include information on journeys of diplomats and messengers.

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DOCUMENTS REGARDING CASES HANDLED BY THE TREASURERS •

•

166: Documents regarding military affairs, including papers concerning the gun hired from the count of Buren for the war against Lübeck in 1533, 1533–1577 (1 charter, 22 pieces). 170: Documents regarding foreign affairs, 1490–1702 (1 folder). Including: * Receipts and expenses by Thomas Dircxsz. of Medemblik on behalf of the land of Holland for the benet of the King of Denmark, 1490 (1 piece). * Receipt of Coenraet Jansz. Mynne, town secretary, of a letter of recognition from the King of Denmark, 1514 (1 piece). * Documents regarding obligations to the account of the King of Denmark, 1657–1702 (1 folder). * Account of costs made by Peter Vloitsz. and Jan Cornelisz. Buyrman, delegates of the town of Amsterdam and the northern district respectively, with Mr. van Groesbeecke and George Rataller, ambassadors of the Danish King, on a mission to Denmark, 1566 (2 pieces).

FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION •

255–347: Rapiamus, registers of receipts and expenses of the town, 1570–1663 (93 volumes), With alphabetical indices on names and matters in nos. 313, 314, 318–341 and 343–347. Nos. 255–291 include lists of “bought” burghers (see also under “Related materials”).

Accessibility Inventaris van het archief van de Thesaurieren ordinaris 1490 –1824 (1876) (Amsterdam, 1998); also available on the repository’s website. Copies The rapiamus (nos. 255–347) have been put on microlm (lm nos. 503– 527). Related materials •

Burgomasters; Registers of Burghers (reference code: 5033).

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Trustees in the Netherlands of the Goods of the Trip Family in Sweden Record group Trustees in the Netherlands of the Goods of the Trip Family in Sweden Administrateuren in Nederland van de goederen van de familie Trip in Zweden Reference code : 533 Period : 1629–1923 Extent : 1629–1923 Abstract These archives contain the administration of the trustees of the tracts of land obtained by the Trip family in Sweden as a (partial) payment of outstanding claims on the Swedish Crown. They consist of documents regarding the coming into being of the Trips’s claims and correspondence with the Swedish Crown and exchequer ofce regarding these claims, and the (nancial) administration of the tracts of land and their eventual liquidation. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1629–1917 : Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, Swedish

Relevant are the correspondence and documents regarding the acquisition and administration of the lands in Sweden. DOCUMENTS OF A GENERAL NATURE • • • •

1–4 (–7): Incoming documents, with translations into Dutch, 1662–1818 (–1923) (4 folders). 8–11 (–21): Registers of outgoing documents, including general accounts of the trustees, 1660–1701, 1726–1802 (–1874) (3 quires, 1 volume). 22: Drafts and copies of outgoing documents, 1663, 1707–1869 (with gaps) (1 folder). 23–25: Lists of contents and index on incoming and outgoing documents, 1660–1701, 1726–1780 and 1771–1797 (2 pieces, 1 volume).

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DOCUMENTS OF A PARTICULAR NATURE •

•

•

•

26–43: Various documents regarding the coming into being of the claim on the Swedish Crown and the acquisition of the Halland goods, partly translated into Dutch and including correspondence with the Swedish Crown and ambassadors, 1629–1658 (13 pieces, 2 quires, 5 folders). 48–83: Various documents and registers regarding the administration of the Halland goods, including ledgers, accounts and other documents regarding the supervision on the administration and documents concerning the sale and expropriation of the goods, 1653–1917 (3 volumes, 12 quires, 19 folders, 4 pieces). 89–102: Various documents regarding the claim on the remainder of the debt from 1653, including debt calculations and documents concerning various missions to the Swedish Crown, 1653–1707, 1831 (12 folders, 2 pieces). 115–130: Various documents and registers regarding the nancial administration of the allotments of various successors to the lands until 1844, 1721–1897 (12 folders, 2 volumes, 3 pieces).

ARCHIVES OF EVERARDUS JOHANNES POTGIETER, AGENT IN SWEDEN 1831–1832, WITH RETROACTS 1747–1828 • • •

156: Ledger, 1831, with retroact from c. 1765 (1 folder). 158: Documents concerning goods at Gammelsbo, 1831–1832, with retroacts from 1747 and 1825 (1 folder). 159: Documents concerning goods at Onsala and Walda, 1831–1832, with retroacts from 1791–1813 (1 folder).

MISCELLANEOUS •

• •

185, 189: Charters in which Queen Christina hands over crown property in Halland to Adriaan Trip from 1653, (printed) copies, nineteenth century (1 quire, 1 charter, 1 piece). 188: Wäge-Charta öfwer Swea- och Göthariken, map of Southern Sweden, undated (1 piece). 190: Inventory of documents regarding the Swedish goods, seventeenth century (1 piece).

Accessibility P. den Otter, Inventaris van het archief van de administrateurs in Nederland van de Tripse goederen in Zweden, 1653–1919 (–1923) met retroacta vanaf

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1629 en het archief van Everardus Johannes Potgieter als zaakgelastigde in Zweden, 1831–1832, met retroacta 1747–1828 (Amsterdam, 1980), including introduction; also available at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance From the start of the seventeenth century, the Swedish government had become increasingly dependent upon the export of copper. Around 1625, the price of copper on the world market dropped, resulting in serious nancial problems. A (temporary) solution was found in attracting foreign credit, giving copper as collateral. Possibly from 1626 on, but denitely since 1627, a loan was raised on the security of copper with Amsterdam merchants Elias (1570?–1636) and Pieter (1579–1655) Trip. Soon, however, the money withdrawn exceeded the value of the pledged copper. In 1629 Pieter withdrew from the business, and his claim and supply of copper were taken over by Elias. The latter tried to gain a monopoly position in the copper export by using his claim and supply of copper, but to no avail. In 1635 he made an arrangement with the Swedish representative Erich Larsz. van de Linden to settle the claim. Of a total of . 991,000, only . 702,000 was redeemed by transferring ownership of the copper to Elias Trip. The remainder would be paid off through the proceeds of the Swedish national toll. This latter arrangement was never carried out, because the Swedish exchequer refused to ackowledge the claim. After several failed missions to Sweden in 1636 and 1641–47 to obtain the money, Elias’s son Adriaan (1620–1648) took the matter up, after having received a sixth of his father’s claim on the occasion of his marriage (in addition to a sixth that all of Elias’s ve children received). After appeals to Queen Christina, it was settled that the gure of . 498,000 would be paid in four yearly instalments from royal funds. Again, this settlement never took effect, but in 1653 . 403,000 of an (again increased) claim of . 592,000 was redeemed in the shape of tracts of land. Although the remainder was supposed to be paid off through the proceeds of sea and copper tolls, only little money was received by the Trip family, despite appeals from several diplomats from the States General and even Johan de Wit. Adriaan Trip in the meantime had become a Swedish citizen and was ennobled, but this did not result in his receiving any of the money due to him. Claims were repeated in 1707 and even as late as 1831/2, but were again rejected by the Swedish exchequer ofce. The tracts of land (or rather the proceeds from the manorial rights of the Crown on the farms on these lands) were situated in Halland in southwest Sweden. Since the Trip family members were not the only creditors

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who were paid off in this way, the alienation of Swedish crown property led to problems in the 1670s. King Charles XI (1660–1697) was therefore obliged to reverse the process and reclaim some of this property. Some of the Trips’s lands were thus also lost. It proved to be difcult to gain much prot from the tracts of land and the division of the rights among increasingly more successors resulted in the administration becoming equally more complicated. The goods were therefore, with consent of the Swedish king, eventually sold to the relevant farmers or other Swedish citizens. Because of the fragmentation of the ownership, this process was slow, and the nal dissolution of the property was only carried through between 1918 and 1932. Visually attractive No. 188 is an undated anonymous handcoloured engraving, depicting a map of southern Sweden.

Van Brants-Rus Hospice and Christoffel van Brants Record group Van Brants-Rus Hospice and Christoffel van Brants Van Brants-Rus hofje en Christoffel van Brants Reference code : 404 Period : 1705–1957 Extent : 193 items, 7 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the Van Brants-Rus hospice, which was founded in 1732 by Christoffel (van) Brants (1664–1732) to house 48 women. Included are minutes of the meetings of the hospice governors and large parts of its nancial administration. An appendix to the collection consists of the personal archives of Christoffel van Brants, who traded in Archangel and functioned as an advisor to Tsar Peter the Great. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1712–1717 : Germany, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, High German, Russian

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Relevant are some documents from the personal archives of Christoffel van Brants, due to his relations with Tsar Peter the Great: •

•

•

•

184: Charter in which Tsar Peter the Great grants knighthood to Christoffel Brants at Greifswald, 1712 (1 piece) (in Russian with German translation). 185: Charter in which Tsar Peter the Great grants Christoffel Brants power of attorney to lead the peace negotiations between Russia and Sweden, 1714 (1 piece). 187: Charter in which Tsar Peter the Great raises Christoffel Brants to the hereditary Russian peerage, 1717 (1 piece) (in Russian with German translation). No. 188 contains a copy in Dutch, 1918 (1 piece). 189: Charter in which Tsar Peter the Great appoints Christoffel van Brants as court councillor, 1717 (1 piece) (in Russian with German translation).

Accessibility M.J. van den Berg, Inventaris van het archief van de regenten van het Van Brants-Rus hofje (Amsterdam 1967), including an introduction; also available at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance Christoffel (van) Brants (1664–1732), a Lutheran merchant, put a large sum of money towards founding a hospice for 48 women shortly before his death. In 1733 the management of the hospice was handed over to the Amsterdam Lutheran Community. As a merchant, Christoffel Brants continued the business of his father in Archangel. In Russia, he came into contact with Tsar Peter the Great, who visited him in Amsterdam and in his country house called “Petersburg”. In 1717, the Tsar ennobled Brants, which allowed him to use the prex “van”. For years Brants functioned as an advisor to Tsar Peter and as his resident in Amsterdam. The addition of “Rus” to the name of the hospice refers to these connections with Russia. Publications •

Balbian Venster, J.F.L. de, “Christoffel Brants 1664–1732 en het van Brants-Rus Hofje”, Amstelodamum, 26 (1929), pp. 105–159.

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Van Lennep Family and Related Families Record group Van Lennep Family and Related Families Familie Van Lennep en aanverwante families Reference code : 238 Period : 1666–2003 Extent : 1056 items, 43 metres Abstract The archives of the Van Lennep family consist mainly of personal papers of a great number of family members, such as correspondence, diaries and travel journals, and of genealogical information gathered by Frank K. van Lennep in the twentieth century. Few documents from before 1750 survive. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1300–1600 : Estonia, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, Latin, Low German

Relevant material consists of a number of copies of acts and notes about historical members of the Van Lennep family who were active as merchants in the Baltic region, gathered by Frank K. van Lennep: •

•

873–886: Copies of acts and some notes on the Van Lennep family from c. 1070 until the nineteenth century, collected by Frank K. van Lennep, twentieth century (14 folders), including among other things item 877: “Merchants in Dortmund, Lübeck, Gotland, Alo, Reval (Tallinn), etc.”, without date (1 folder). 897: Notes and copies concerning members of the Van Lennep family in, among other places, Lübeck, Reval (Tallinn), Stade, Wisby, etc., fourteenth-sixteenth century, collected by F.K. van Lennep, twentieth century (1 bundle).

Accessibility E. Lievense-Pelser, Inventaris van het archief van de familie Van Lennep (1993), with introduction in Dutch; also available on the repository’s website.

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Record creator / provenance The Van Lennep family is mainly known for its literary activities. Some of the largest collections within the archives stem from the writer Jacob van Lennep (1802–1886), who was also a member of the Lower Chamber of the Dutch parliament, and his father, professor of Classics David Jacob van Lennep (1774–1853). Custodial history The Van Lennep archives are a collection of papers kept by different branches of the family. They were therefore transferred to the Amsterdam City Archives in a few phases between 1960 and 1976.

Water Bailiff Record group Water Bailiff Waterschout Reference code Period Extent

: 38 : 1747–1868 : 180 items, 22 metres

Abstract This collection contains the remaining administration of the water bailiffs of the town of Amsterdam. Included are muster-rolls or ships’ passports from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, as well as descriptions of sailors, documents regarding the estates of deceased sailors, registers of acknowledgements of debts of sailors and receipts of the water bailiff from the nineteenth century. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1747–1800 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, various languages

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Relevant are nos. 1–57 (–152), muster-rolls or ships’ passports, 1747–1800 (–1853) (57 folders). These include information on ships and captains sailing to and from the Baltic Sea region. Accessibility P. Boeykens, Inventaris van het archief van de waterschout 1747–1868 (Amsterdam, 1991); also available online through the repository’s website. An index on the muster-rolls is available in the reading room, searchable on captains’ and ships’ names. Included are the ags under which the ships sailed (Bremen, Danish, Gdansk, Hamburg, Lübeck, Mecklenburg, Pommeranian, Prussian, Rostock, Russian and Swedish).

GUELDERS ARCHIVES Gelders Archief Arnhem www.geldersarchief.nl

Court of Guelders and Zutphen Record group Court of Guelders and Zutphen Hof van Gelre en Zutphen Reference code : 0124 Period : 1543–1811 Extent : 3503 items, 457 metres Abstract These archives consist of the papers of the Court of Guelders and Zutphen and its successors up to 1811. They contain documents of a general nature,

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such as resolutions, correspondence and placards, documents of a political and administrative nature, regarding among other things military, nancial, toll, mint and church matters, and documents of a judicial nature, concerning criminal and civil cases and appeals. Also included are deposited archives, miscellanea and manuscripts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1549–1615 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, French, High German

Relevant are three items that concern diplomatic relations with the Baltic Sea region. DOCUMENTS OF A POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE NATURE Treaties and other documents concerning the region •

1564: Report by Johan Stratius, councillor at the court, as imperial envoy, regarding his dealings with the Danish crown concerning the Sound toll, 1549, draft (1 quire).

Resolutions of the States General and other documents •

1737: Treaties between the States General of the United Netherlands and the towns of Lübeck, Magdeburg and Brunswick, 1613, 1614, and with Sweden, 1615, copies, 1613–1615 (1 folder).

MISCELLANEOUS •

6947: Letter of Nicaise de Sille to dr. G. Voeth, rst councillor at the chancellary in Arnhem, regarding a mission on behalf of the States General to Denmark, 1599 (1 piece).

Accessibility A.J. Maris and H.L. Driessen, Het archief van het Hof van Gelre en Zutphen 1543–1795, het Hof van Justitie 1795–1802 en het Departementaal Gerechtshof 1802–1811 (Arnhem, 1973/1978); also available online at the repository’s website.

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Lords and Counts of Culemborg Record group Lords and Counts of Culemborg Heren en Graven van Culemborg Reference code : 0370 Period : 1318–1807 Extent : 11736 items, 151 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the lords and counts of Culemborg (in the province of Gelderland). It consists of documents of a personal nature of the various lords and counts, of genealogical information and of documents concerning the administration of the county of Culemborg and other lands owned by the counts. Also included are papers of a few related families, documents regarding some ecclesiastical foundations in the county and miscellaneous papers. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1617–1686 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, French, High German, Latin, Swedish

Relevant are some correspondence with authorities in the Baltic Sea region and documents regarding diplomatic relations and the service of Count Georg Friedrich in the Swedish army. All these belong to the section of documents of a personal nature. FLORIS II, COUNT OF CULEMBORG (D. 1639) Personal •

500: Correspondence between Floris and King Christian IV of Denmark, 1627–1633 (1 folder).

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As a representative of the States General • •

• • • •

690: Extracts from the address by the Swedish envoy in a meeting of the States General, 1617 (1 quire). 697: Report of the missions on behalf of the States General, led by Count Floris II, to the king of Denmark and some princes in Germany, including a statement of expenses, 1618 (copy) (3 volumes). 698: Letters to Count Floris II during and regarding his mission to Denmark, 1618–1622 (1 folder). 699: Copies of letters to the States General from Alicante and Lübeck, 1618 and 1619 (1 folder). 704: Documents regarding the realisation of treaties with England, France and Denmark, 1625 (1 folder). 710: Documents regarding the mission of Claus Daa, envoy of the Danish king, to the States General, with letters to count Floris II, 1631 and 1632 (1 folder).

FILIPS THEODOOR VAN WALDECK, COUNT OF CULEMBORG (D. 1645) Personal •

816: Correspondence between Filips Theodoor and Cecilia of Habsburg, Queen of Poland, 1642 (1 folder).

GEORG FRIEDRICH VAN WALDECK, COUNT OF CULEMBORG (D. 1692) Military •

1271–1283: Various documents concerning Georg Friedrich’s service (as a general) in the Swedish army from 1656 to 1662, 1650–1686 (11 folders and 3 bundles).

Accessibility A.P. van Schilfgaarde, Het archief der Heren en Graven van Culemborg. Inleiding. Inventaris. Lijst van kaarten en tekeningen (The Hague, 1949); also available online at the repository’s website.

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Record creator / provenance The lords of Culemborg (subject to the duke of Guelders) are rst mentioned in sources in 1281 and were raised to counts in 1555. The county was sold to the States of the Nijmegen quarter of the duchy of Guelders in 1720 and subsequently presented to Stadtholder William IV in 1748. In 1799 the county fell to the state and became part of the province of Gelderland. Many of the lords and counts held ofces in Guelders and the United Provinces or had extensive military careers, such as Count Georg Friedrich who served in the Dutch, Brandenburg, Swedish and Brunswick armies.

Ruurlo Estate Record group Ruurlo Estate Huis Ruurlo Reference code Period Extent

: 0894 : 1367–1982 : 1834 items, 6.02 metres

Abstract These archives consist of the administration of the Ruurlo estate in the present-day province of Gelderland, and of its owners: the Van Heeckeren (van Kell) family. The material includes documents of a personal nature, records relating to local and regional affairs, and documents concerning the management of the domain. Also included are some photos and drawings, and documentation. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1613–1694 : Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands : French, High German, Swedish

Relevant are just two items: letters by Walraven van Heeckeren van Kell to Swedish chancellor B. Oxenstierna from 1694 (no. 617, 2 pieces) and a copy of a treaty from 1613 between the States General and the town of Lübeck regarding mutual trade, 1613 (no. 1683, 1 piece).

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Accessibility K.J.W. Peeneman, Inventaris van het archief van het Huis Ruurlo, 1367–1982 (Arnhem, 1994); also available online at the repository’s website.

Old Archives Record group Old Archives Oud Archief Reference code Period Extent

: 2000 : 1133–1852 : 6388 items, 165 metres

Abstract This collection contains the remaining papers of the administration of the town of Arnhem and of the institutions accountable to the town council up to 1852. The materials include the administration of the town council, trades, charitable institutions and churches. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1233–1616 : Germany, the Netherlands : Dutch, Low German

Like some other towns in the east of the Netherlands, Arnhem was a member of the Hanseatic League. Since it was not a sea port, only Arnhem’s role as a Hanseatic town, which ended in the late sixteenth century, is relevant here. Information on the town’s relations with the Baltic Sea region can be gathered from resolutions, missives, privileges and the town’s nancial administration. A few documents specically concern Arnhem’s role as a member of the Hanse. In the population registers, particulars of immigrants may be found.

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GENERAL ADMINISTRATION Resolutions •

•

• •

1: Secreta Camerae, register of decisions of the Arnhem council, 1431– 1489, copy from 1608 (1 volume); no. 2 is an index, early nineteenth century (1 volume). 3–8 (–44): Raetssignaat of the town of Arnhem, register including the resolutions of the council and entries on court cases dealt with by the Extra-ordinaris Hooge Bank, 1566–1601 (–1808) (notes on the years 1581–83 are lacking) (6 volumes). 46: Extracts from the Raetssignaat, 1566–1649 (1 volume). 85–88 (–152): Draft resolutions of the Arnhem council, c. 1580, 1588 and 1590 (1672, 1705–06, 1732–1795) (3 folders).

Missives •

153–410: Incoming letters and drafts of outgoing letters of the Arnhem council, 1361–1699 (259 folders).

Privileges •

•

•

•

1075: Register of charters and letters, partly concerning the town of Arnhem, 1307–1541 (1 volume). Including the following matters: * Letter no. 36, f. 36: The town of Lübeck and the representatives of the towns of Hamburg, Lübeck and Wismar, gathered at Lübeck, declaring to the town of Zutphen that the towns of Roermond and Arnhem have been admitted into the Hanseatic League, 1437, vidimus in letter of 1438 (r. 785) (copy); copies of this letter are also included in nos. 1076, f. 64 and 1077, f. 129v. 1076: Privilegyboeck der stadt Arnhem und derselver Gemeynte, register of charters and letters, mainly concerning the town of Arnhem, 1233–1540, drawn up in the mid-sixteenth century (1 volume). 1077: Privilegienboeck der stadt van Arnhem, register of charters and letters, mainly concerning the town of Arnhem, 1233–1540, drawn up in 1608 (1 volume); no. 1078 is an index, late eighteenth century (1 volume). 1079: Register of charters and letters concerning the town of Arnhem, 1281–1538, drawn up around the mid-eighteenth century (1 volume).

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POPULATION • •

•

1221–1222 (–1226): Burgerboek der stad Arnhem, registers of new burghers, 1435–1614 (–1810) (2 volumes). 1227: Register van burgerbrieven, register including notes on persons who have been granted civil rights but do not appear in the burgerboek (probably skippers), 1592–1616 (1 volume). 1228: Loose notes belonging to the burgerboek, 1490–1557 (1 folder).

FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION •

•

1240–1264: Accounts of the town of Arnhem, 1353–1595 (the years 1397/1398, 1406/1407, 1442/1443, 1465/1466, 1472/1473, 1495/1496, 1496/1497, 1497/1498, 1570/1571 are lacking) (25 volumes). 1265–1297: Appendices belonging to the accounts, 1380, 1443, 1465, 1468–1470, 1473, 1475, 1490, 1491, 1494–1508, 1513, 1514, 1524, 1538, 1540, 1542, 1546, 1555, 1557, 1558, 1561, 1562, 1567, 1588–1593 (5 charters and 31 folders).

ARNHEM AS MEMBER OF THE HANSEATIC LEAGUE •

•

•

3214 (letter nos. 68, 70 and 71): Documents regarding complaints of merchants at Bruges regarding the cloth staple, sent by the general Hanseatic meeting to the Hanseatic towns of the Sticht, Guelders and Cleves, 1448–1449 (1 folder). 3215 (r. 883, 886): Documents regarding a conict between the towns of Deventer and Wesel regarding their rights as Hanseatic towns, handled by the towns of Nijmegen, Zutphen and Arnhem, 1449 (1 folder). 3216: Copies of letters of the towns of Elburg and Hattem to the town of Harderwijk d.d. 1529 (letter nos. 828 and 829), and a letter from the town of Lübeck to the town of Cologne d.d. 1585, all concerning Hanseatic matters (1 folder).

Accessibility D.P.M. Graswinckel, Het oud-archief der gemeente Arnhem, 3 Vols. (Arnhem, 1935); volume 1 contains the inventory and an introduction in Dutch, volume 2 is a calendar and volume 3 includes a list of letters and an index.

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Van Dam Family of Brakel Record group Van Dam Family of Brakel Familie Van Dam van Brakel Reference code : 0379 Period : 1307–1959 Extent : 1540 items, 17 metres Abstract These archives consist of the papers of the Van Dam family of Brakel (in the province of Gelderland). They contain documents of a personal nature regarding various members of the Van Dam family, related families and previous owners of Brakel, and documents concerning the administration of the domain Brakel and other lands owned by the family. Also included are documents of which the relation to this collection is unclear, some manuscripts and printed works, and a few maps and drawings. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1765–1832 : Denmark, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, French

Relevant are a few items concerning the rm of Wilhelmus van Dam and son, who were active in trade from Rotterdam, among other places with the Baltic Sea region. All these are part of the section of documents of Wilhelmus van Dam (1719–1803) and Dirk Willem van Dam (1748–1795). •

• • •

35: Sheets from registers of administration of Wilhelmus van Dam, merchant in Rotterdam, 1765, 1769 and 1802, with notes by his grandson regarding the business of his grandfather, 1832 (1 folder). 36: Balance sheets, lists of possessions and debts of the rm Wilhelmus van Dam and son, 1778–1802 (1 bundle). 37: Incoming letters and some receipts from the rm of Wilhelmus van Dam and son, 1781–1791 (1 folder). 38: Deed of transfer by Christian Ibson of Denmark to the rm of Wilhelmus van Dam and son, of the ship Ceres, 1785 (1 piece).

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archives of drenthe Accessibility

J. den Draak, A. Houtkoop and F.F.J.M. Geraerdts, Het archief van de familie Van Dam van Brakel (1307–1379) 1381–1959 (Arnhem, 1989); also available online at the repository’s website.

ARCHIVES OF DRENTHE Drents Archief Assen www.drentsarchief.nl

Mensinge Estate in Roden Record group Mensinge Estate in Roden Huis Mensinge te Roden Reference code : 06016 Period : 1376–1952 Extent : 1833 items, 18 metres Abstract This record group consists of the administration of the Mensinge estate in Roden (in the province of Drenthe). It includes personal papers from members of the two families who owned the estate (Ellents and Kymmell) and related families, and documents concerning the management of the estate and other lands. Also included are deposited archives and miscellaneous documents.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1659–1659 : Sweden, the Netherlands : English, High German

Relevant are two documents relating to the military service of Hendrik Elents in Sweden: an attestation by the king of Sweden for Elents regarding this service (no. 2, from 1659, 1 piece) and a passport from and for the same (no. 3, from 1659, 1 piece). Accessibility Inventory; also available online at the repository’s website.

Placards Record group Placards Plakkaten Reference code Period Extent

: 0585 : 1618–1901 : 1138 items, 1 metre

Abstract This collection consists of a variety of placards and publications from the States General, the bailiff and representatives of Drenthe, the nobility and landowners of Drenthe and other authorities. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1681–1791 : Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are some placcards regarding shipping and trade, lastage and other dues, and provisions regarding the spread of contagious diseases from the Baltic Sea region.

archives of drenthe • •

• • • •

•

•

• • •

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22: Proclamation by the States General of the treaty of commerce and navigation between Sweden and the Republic, 1681 (1 piece). 51: Placard by the States General regarding the entry of mariners from the towns of Gdansk, Königsberg, Szczecin (Stettin) and Stargard, which are plagued by contagious diseases, 1709 (1 piece). 72: Placard by the States General regarding the levying of a lastage on ships and dues on incoming and outgoing goods, 1725 (1 piece). 153: Placard by the States General regarding the extra levying of lastage, 1760 (1 piece). 158: Placard by the States General regarding the raising of lastage, 1761 (1 piece). 200: Provisions by the States General regarding people entering the country, because of a contagious disease in the Baltic Sea region, against beggars, Jews and vagabonds, 1771 (1 piece). 202: Provisions by the States General regarding people entering the country, because of a contagious disease in Moscow and the surrounding area, against vagabonds, beggars and Jews, 1771 (1 piece). 241: Placard by the States General regarding the levying of re and tun dues and beaconage, to pay for the placement and upkeep of a re beacon on the island of Borkum and the placement of tuns and beacons in the Ems River, 1781 (1 piece). 243: Permission to sail by the States General for all shipping from sea ports, excluding whale and herring ships, 1781 (1 piece). 277: Placard by the nobility and landowners of Drenthe regarding the payment of average, 1789 (1 piece). 315: Placard by the States General regarding the levying of the Borkum tun and re dues and beaconage, 1791 (1 piece).

Accessibility M.J.M. de Grauw and J.D. Jansen, Verzameling van losse publikaties, plakkaten e.d. (Assen, 1976); also available online at the repository’s website. Publications •

Brood, Paul, Drentse Plakkatenlijst 1593–1840 (Bussum, 1975); containing the placards of a legislative nature.

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Van Heiden Reinestein Record group Van Heiden Reinestein Van Heiden Reinestein Reference code : 0185 Period : 1589–1984 Extent : 1712 items, 15 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the De Milly (van Heiden Reinestein) family combined with those of the Van Heiden Reinestein family. Included are documents relating to personal and business matters of the members of these two families and related families. Also included are some deposited archives and additions. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1710–1785 : Germany, Poland, Russia, the Netherlands : Dutch, French

Relevant are some items of correspondence with the Baltic Sea region. VAN HEIDEN (REINESTEIN) FAMILY Reinhard Adriaan Carel Wilhelm van Heiden 1732–1781/1784 • • •

256: Letters by J.H. van Kinsbergen in St. Petersburg to Van Heiden, 1771–1774 (8 pieces). 257A: Letters by J.H. van Kinsbergen in St. Petersburg to Van Heiden, 1771–1774 (1 piece). 260: List of gifts, received by certain families and persons, favourites of the Russian court, from the tsar and tsarina, c. 1770 (1 piece).

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S.P.A. van Heiden (Reinestein) As chamberlain of Prince William •

599A: Fragment of a letter regarding the receipt of a Russian counterproposal concerning a dispute with Prussia regarding Polish exports via Gdansk, c. 1785 (1 piece).

DE JASSAUD FAMILY P. de Jassaud •

1097: Incoming letters, including two letters from M.A. Savy in Hamburg (1719–1728), 1710–1736 (59 pieces).

Accessibility “De Milly van Heiden Reinestein (1641) 1741–1949, waarin opgenomen het familiearchief van Heiden Reinestein (1552) 1589–1886”; also available online at the repository’s website.

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REGIONAL HISTORICAL CENTRE BERGEN OP ZOOM Regionaal Historisch Centrum Bergen op Zoom Bergen op Zoom www.archboz.nl

Town Clerk’s Ofce Record group Town Clerk’s Ofce Secretarie Reference code : not applicable Period : 1397–1810 Extent : 5391 items, 124 metres Abstract These archives consist of the administration of the town of Bergen op Zoom in the province of Brabant until 1810. They include privileges, ordinances, resolutions and correspondence, and documents regarding personnel, property, nances, relations to higher authorities, administration of national taxes, supervision on guilds and trades, public order and health, education, economic matters, water management, church matters, charity, military matters and legal administration. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1357–1602 : Germany, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Bergen op Zoom played a role as an international market until c. 1560. Relevant for this period are privileges and ordinances, town accounts, registers of persons receiving freedom from tolls, and items of the town’s legal administration, all of which contain information on annual fairs in general and on the trade of Hanseatic merchants in particular.

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GENERAL ADMINISTRATION Charterbooks •

SA 6, 7: Registers of privileges, by-laws and ordinances from 1357– 1555, including privileges for Hanseatic merchants trading in Bergen op Zoom regarding the annual fairs, compiled in the sixteenth century (2 volumes).

Ordinances and publications •

SA 8–12: Registers of regulations laid down by the lord and marquis of Bergen op Zoom, the great council (Brede Raad) or the magistrates of the town, concerning the town, its burghers, and trade and industry, including a list of contents, 1435–1602 (5 volumes).

Resolutions •

SA 23–27: Resolutions of the magistrates and the great council, including ordinances, 1476–1573 (5 volumes).

ADMINISTRATION REGARDING SPECIFIC MATTERS Finances •

SA 748–789 (–955): Town accounts, including gifts of wine by the town to the Hanseatic merchants, 1449–1560 (–1809) (40 volumes, 2 quires).

Population •

SA 3092: Register of new burghers (poorters), including a list of burghers who have received freedom from tolls, 1472–1522 (1 volume).

Trade and industry •

SA 3155, 3156 (–3159): Registers of burghers who have received a charter freeing them from the payment of tolls on imported merchandise, 1523–1563 (–1795) (2 volumes).

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LEGAL ADMINISTRATION •

•

•

SA 5039–5048 (–5103): Protocols of deeds of transfer of immovable goods, including sales of houses to the Hanse and to Hanseatic merchants, 1433–1562 (–1808) (10 volumes). SA 5119–5192 (–5251): Protocols of rentebrieven (acts settling mortgages on goods or income) and recognities (declarations that somebody has paid his debts), including contracts of payment and of supply of merchandise, and receipts of payment, 1432–1559 (–1808) (74 volumes). SA 5268–5274 (–5296): Registers of procurations and certicates or attestations, including certicates concerning the quality of merchandise and declarations regarding the freighting of goods, 1466–1561 (–1679) (7 volumes).

Accessibility W.A. van Ham, Stedelijke archieven. Archief van de secretarie 1397–1810 (Bergen op Zoom, 2000); also available online at the repository’s website and on CD-rom. Part of this collection will be digitised in the near future; of the relevant materials this will be the charterbooks and the registers of burghers. Record creator / provenance Bergen op Zoom was granted the privilege to hold two annual fairs (the Paasmarkt and the Koudemarkt) in the second half of the fourteenth century. Especially at the end of the fteenth century, these thrived, with merchants from England, Scotland, France and the German Hanse (who received an important privilege in 1464 and had their own Oosterlingen house) coming to Bergen op Zoom to trade their goods. Merchants from Bergen op Zoom were also involved in active trade to these places. Between 1530 and 1560 the fairs lost their importance due to oods, the rise of Antwerp and Middelburg, and the politics of Charles V. Publications •

Slootmans, C.J.F., Paas- en Koudemarkten te Bergen op Zoom 1365–1565, 3 Vols. (Tilburg, 1985); including information on specic sources at the repository regarding the trade of Hanseatic merchants at the annual fairs of Bergen op Zoom.

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REGIONAL ARCHIVES VOORNE-PUTTEN AND ROZENBURG Streekarchief Voorne-Putten en Rozenburg Brielle www.streekarchiefvpr.nl

Notaries Record group Notaries Notarissen Reference code Period Extent

: 110 : 1629–1915 : 1138 items, 70 metres

Abstract This record group consist of the notarial archives of Brielle, Heenvliet, Hellevoetsluis, Nieuw-Helvoet, Rockanje, Rozenburg, Spijkenisse, Zuidland and Zwartewaal up to 1915. The material is divided into the periods before and after 1843. It consists of drafts of notarial deeds of various notaries. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1641–1822 : Denmark, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the notarial archives of Brielle, which include notarial deeds regarding sales of ships, bills of lading and other maritime business, mainly concerning Rotterdam merchants and skippers (nos. 1009–1238, dating from 1641–1822). A random search online revealed deeds concerning towns in Germany, Poland, Russia, Latvia, Sweden and Denmark.

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Accessibility Inventory, also available online at the repository’s website. On the website one can also search the notarial deeds on keywords, such as geographical names.

MUNICIPAL ARCHIVES DELFT Gemeentearchief Delft Delft www.delft.nl/archief

Baptismal, Marriage and Burial Registers Record group Baptismal, Marriage and Burial Registers Doop-, Trouw- en Begraafboeken Reference code : 14 Period : 1575–1811 Extent : 180 items, 9.25 metres Abstract This collection consist of the retroacts of the Birth, Death and Marriage Registry of Delft. It includes the baptismal/birth, marriage and death/burial registers from the various congregations and the court. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1575–1828 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

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Relevant are the registers of most of the congregations and of the court, which may provide information on immigrants from the Baltic Sea region and on Delft skippers and merchants. REFORMED CONGREGATION Old and New Church • • • • • •

1–6: Intended marriage registers, with date of marriage, 1587–1626 (6 volumes). 7–16: Baptismal registers of the Old Church (Oude Kerk), 1616–1811 (10 volumes); nos. 17–19 are indices on names, 1616–1791 (3 volumes). 20–32: Intended marriage registers of the Old Church, with date of marriage, 1626–1801 (14 volumes). 35–53: Burial registers of the Old and New Church, 1593–1806 (20 volumes). 54–63 (–64): Baptismal registers of the New Church (Nieuwe Kerk), 1616–1810 (–1811) (10 volumes). 68–88 (–89): Intended marriage registers of the New Church, with date of marriage, 1626–1802 (–1811) (21 volumes).

Hospice Church (Gasthuiskerk), Koornmarkt • • •

91, no. 93: 94:

91a: Baptismal registers, 1667–1828 (2 volumes); with index under 92, from 1667–1811 (1 volume). Marriage register, 1729–1797 (1 volume). Death register, 1790–1811 (1 volume).

EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CONGREGATION • • •

104–106: Baptismal registers, 1617–1812 (3 volumes). 107: Death register, 1673–1711 (1 volume). 108: Baptismal register, 1674–1809 (1 volume).

REMONSTRANT CONGREGATION •

108: Baptismal register, 1674–1809 (1 volume).

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ROMAN CATHOLIC AND OLD CATHOLIC CONGREGATIONS Saint Hippolyte’s parish, Bagijnhof •

109, 110: Birth, marriage and death registers, 1671–1782 (2 volumes).

Saint Joseph’s parish •

111, 112: Baptismal registers, 1709–1811 (2 volumes); with index under no. 113, from 1751–1791 (1 volume).

Saint Hippolyte’s parish, Brabantse Turfmarkt • •

114: Baptismal register, 1796–1811 (1 volume). 115: Marriage and death register, 1796–1811 (1 volume).

Saint Mary and Ursula’s parish •

116: Baptismal, marriage and death register, 1671–1811 (1 volume).

COURT • • • • •

117–119: Marriage registers, 1575–1811 (3 volumes); with index under nos. 120, 121, from 1751–1811 (2 volumes). 122: Register of marriage proclamations, 1678–1800 (1 volume). 123–145: Intended marriage registers, 1584–1811 (22 volumes). 146: Marriage registers of mixed reformed/catholic marriages, 1756–1794 (1 volume). 147: Baptismal register of all religions, 1792–1811 (1 volume); with index under no. 148, from 1792–1811 (2 volumes).

MISCELLANEOUS •

178: Loose documents from various registers, 1654–1811 (1 folder).

Accessibility “Inventaris van de collectie Doop-, Trouw- en Begraafboeken van Delft”; also available online at the repository’s website.

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Record creator / provenance The town of Delft was one of the main towns of Holland in the later Middle Ages. Its main activity was industry, producing textiles, butter and beer, and, later on, the famous delftware. These products were exported via Delft’s port of Delfshaven, which was founded in 1389. In the fteenth and sixteenth centuries, Delft also functioned as a grain market at which Prussian rye and wheat were traded. The town remained an important production centre throughout the early modern period and some trade was conducted with the Baltic Sea region through Delfshaven. Copies The entire collection is also available on microche in the reading room.

Old Judicial Archives of Delft Record group Old Judicial Archives of Delft Oud-rechterlijk archief Delft Reference code : 13 Period : 1522–1811 Extent : 466 items, 28 metres Abstract These archives consist of the old judicial archives of the town of Delft. They include registers concerning criminal, civil and voluntary justice of the tribunal (vierschaar), as well as the archives of the aldermen-commissioners in charge of cases concerning general provincial and national taxes, and documents of a judicial nature left at the town hall by third parties. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1567–1808 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the registers of civil cases and sentences, which may contain cases between skippers and merchants, and the registers of transfers of ships. These are all to be found in the archives of the tribunal (vierschaar).

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CIVIL JUSTICE • •

133–140 (–143): Gastgeding, registers of civil lawsuits involving guests, 1686, 1738–1740 and 1782–1802 (–1811) (1 folder and 7 volumes). 148–150: Books of sentences in civil cases, 1567–1589 and 1795–1808 (1 volume and 2 folders).

VOLUNTARY JUSTICE • •

214–248 (–250): Protocol of acts of transfer of immovable goods, 1682–1804 (–1808) (35 volumes). 257–277: Protocol of acts of transfer of immovable goods, mortgages etc., 1686–1808 (21 volumes).

Accessibility “Inventaris van het oud-rechterlijk archief, 1522–1811”; also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance The town of Delft was one of the main towns of Holland in the later Middle Ages. Its main activity was industry, producing textiles, butter and beer, and, later on, the famous delftware. These products were exported via Delft’s port of Delfshaven, which was founded in 1389. In the fteenth and sixteenth centuries, Delft also functioned as a grain market at which Prussian rye and wheat were traded. The town remained an important production centre throughout the early modern period and some trade was conducted with the Baltic Sea region through Delfshaven. Copies The registers of transfer of immovable goods are also available on microche in the repository’s reading room.

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Old Notarial Archives of Delft Record group Old Notarial Archives of Delft Oud-notariële archieven Delft Reference code : 161 Period : 1574–1842 Extent : 2300 items, 244.5 metres Abstract This collection consists of the notarial archives of the town of Delft. It contains drafts of notarial deeds of various Delft notaries up to 1842. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1574–1819 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the (registers of ) drafts of notarial deeds of the Delft notaries admitted to the profession before 1800 (inv. nos. 1506–3522, 1574–1819), which concern, among other things, sales of ships, bills of lading and other maritime business. Accessibility “Inventaris van het oud notarieel archief, 1574–1842”; also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance The town of Delft was one of the main towns of Holland in the later Middle Ages. Its main activity was industry, producing textiles, butter and beer, and, later on, the famous delftware. These products were exported via Delft’s port of Delfshaven, which was founded in 1389. In the fteenth and sixteenth centuries, Delft also functioned as a grain market at which Prussian rye and wheat were traded. The town remained an important production centre throughout the early modern period and some trade was conducted with the Baltic Sea region through Delfshaven.

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Copies The entire collection is also available on microche in the reading room.

Saint Nicholas’, Pedlars’ or Merchants’ Guild Record group Saint Nicholas’, Pedlars’ or Merchants’ Guild Sint Nicolaas-, marskramers- of kooplieden gilde Reference code : 143 Period : (1400)–1792 (1808) Extent : 60 items, 0.75 metres Abstract These archives consist of the remaining administration of the merchants’ guild of Delft. They include regulations, ordinances and by-laws regarding the guild, accounts and other nancial registers, correspondence, and charters and deeds. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1400–1791 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the general regulations and by-laws regarding the guild, lists of guild members, accounts of receipts and expenses, which provide information on the activities of the guild, and the registers of the receipt of guild dues in Delfshaven. • • • •

1: Regulation, 1506 (1 charter). 5: Register of by-laws of the town council, lists of guild members from c. 1400–1532, etc., fteenth-sixteenth centuries (1 volume). 6–10: Accounts of receipts and expenses, 1624–1667 and 1690–1704 (5 volumes). 34–36: Cashbooks of receipts of the guild dues in Delfshaven, 1737–1791, with gaps (3 volumes).

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Accessibility “Plaatsingslijst van het archief van het st. Nicolaas-, marskramers- of koopliedengilde, [c. 1400]–1792 [1808]”; also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance The town of Delft was one of the main towns of Holland in the later Middle Ages. Its main activity was industry, producing textiles, butter and beer, and, later on, the famous delftware. These products were exported via Delft’s port of Delfshaven, which was founded in 1389. In the fteenth and sixteenth centuries, Delft also functioned as a grain market at which Prussian rye and wheat were traded. The town remained an important production centre throughout the early modern period and some trade was conducted with the Baltic Sea region through Delfshaven.

Town Council, First Section Record group Town Council, First Section Stadsbestuur, eerste afdeling Reference code :1 Period : 1246–1795 Extent : 159.3 metres Abstract These archives consist of the administration of the town council of Delft up to 1795. They consist of the town’s general administration, such as resolutions, privileges and correspondence, and documents concerning specic matters, such as police and justice, nances, public works, industry and trade, religion and charity, military matters, the administration of the shires around Delft, and the town as part of Holland and the Netherlands. They also include the records of several committees and those of the Lords of the Law (Heren van de Wet).

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1451–1810 : Denmark, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the resolutions and correspondence of the various bodies of the town council, which include decisions regarding the port of Delfshaven and its trade, shipping and harbour, and the resolutions of and correspondence with the States of Holland, which contain decisions regarding trade and shipping to the Baltic Sea region. Also important are the accounts, which may contain information on journeys of diplomats, and documents specically concerning the harbour, beaconage, pilotage and other dues. All these belong to the section of the archives of the council (vroedschap), the burgomasters and council of forty (veertigraad). GENERAL ADMINISTRATION • • • • • • • • • •

1.1–1.11: Books of by-laws (keurboeken), c. 1500–1806 (11 volumes); nos. 2–7 are indices (8 volumes). 8–12: Printed by-laws, with index, 1560–1801 (13 volumes and 1 folder). 13.1–13.9: Books of resolutions of the council of forty, 1566–1795 (9 volumes); no. 14 is an index of nos. 13.1–13.4, c. 1650 (1 volume). 15.1, 15.2: Books of resolutions of the council of forty regarding town matters, 1566–1710 (2 volumes). 16.1–16.5: Books of resolutions of the burgomasters, drafts, 1537–1740 and 1751–1795 (15 volumes). 17.1–17.11: Books of resolutions of the burgomasters, 1538–1715 and 1751–1795 (11 volumes); with index under nos. 18–19 (4 volumes). 20.1–20.6: Incoming documents of the States of Holland and the representative councillors, 1670–1795 (2 volumes and 3 folders). 21.1, 21.2: Drafts of outgoing letters to the States of Holland and the representative councillors, 1721–1794 (1 volume and 1 folder). 25.1, 25.2: Correspondence with the Court of Holland, 1698–1748 and 1779–1793 (1 volume and 1 folder). 36: Correspondence with authorities and individuals outside Holland, including correspondence with Bremen, 1700–1769 (1 volume).

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PRIVILEGES • •

•

47–54: Registers of privileges, with index, c. 1476–1725 (8 volumes). 124a: Charter of Duke Philip of Burgundy in which he extends the jurisdiction of the town and allows to build a new harbour, 1451 (1 charter). 256: Charter of agreement between Delft, Rotterdam, Schiedam and Brielle regarding the marking out of the Meuse, the tun dues, etc., 1670–1708 (1 folder).

POPULATION •

404, 405: Registers of new burghers (poorters), etc., 1536–1649 and 1681–1796 (2 volumes); no. 405a is an index (1 quire).

FINANCES •

678.1–678.205: Accounts of the treasurer of Delft, 1554–1810 (203 volumes, 2 quires and 1 piece).

PUBLIC WORKS •

903: Accounts of the harbour master, 1675–1716 (1 volume).

DELFT AS MEMBER OF THE STATES OF HOLLAND • •

• •

1648: Registers of resolutions of the States of Holland, with index, 1524–1795 (279 volumes). 1654: Copies of the subjects dealt with by the States of Holland, among other things regarding the closing of the Sound, etc., 1561–1581 (1 bundle). 1660.1–1660.10: Register of resolutions of the council of forty regarding matters of the common lands, 1641–1795 (10 volumes). 1664: Act of agreement between the representatives of Delft, Rotterdam, Schiedam and Brielle regarding pilotage, 1661 (1 piece).

TAXES •

1783: Accounts of the town secretary regarding the fourtieth penny on the sale of houses and ground in Delft, Delfshaven and Overschie, and of ships, etc., 1760–1761 and 1799 (3 volumes).

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Accessibility G. Morre, Inventaris van het oud-archief der stad Delft, eerste afdeling 1246– 1795 (Arnhem, 1902); also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance The town of Delft was one of the main towns of Holland in the later Middle Ages. Its main activity was the production of textiles, butter and beer, and, later on, of the famous delftware. These products were exported via Delft’s port of Delfshaven, which was founded in 1389. In the fteenth and sixteenth centuries, Delft also functioned as a grain market at which Prussian rye and wheat were traded. The town remained an important production centre throughout the early modern period and some trade was conducted with the Baltic Sea region through Delfshaven. Copies The books of by-laws and resolutions (inv. nos. 1–17) are also available on microche in the repository’s reading room. The indices of the books of resolutions of the burgomasters (inv. nos. 18.1–18.3) and the registers of new burghers (inv. nos. 404, 405) are solely available on microche. Related materials •

Old Judicial Archives (reference code: 13), inv. nos. 167–168 and 171 also contain registers of new burghers.

Publications •

Soutendam, J., Keuren en ordonnanties van Delft. Van de aanvrang der XVIe eeuw tot het jaar 1536 (Delft, 1870); containing the oldest book of by-laws (inv. no. 1.1).

Van der Burch Family Record group Van der Burch Family Familie Van der Burch Reference code : 466 Period : 1520–1873 Extent : 220 items, 1.2 metres

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Abstract These archives consist of the papers of the Van den Burgh family. They contain various documents regarding the personal life of members of this family, such as testaments, title deeds and university diplomas, and documents regarding various ofces held by them, such as correspondence. Also included are documents relating to other families: Crabmoes, Hallingh, Graswinckel, Doublet, Van Royen, De Bye and Pauw. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1637–1675 : Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch

Relevant are three items concerning the advocacy at the Swedish Crown of Dirck Graswinckel: •

• •

168: Documents regarding the appointment of Dirck Graswinckel as advocate of the Swedish Crown and the attempts of himself and his widow to obtain the accompanying salary, 1637–1675 (1 bundle). 169: Deeds by which Dirck Graswinckel is raised to the Swedish peerage, 1637 and 1649 (2 charters). 170: Documents regarding a dispute between resident Spieringh and his brother, in which Dirck Graswinckel acts as advocate of the Swedish queen, 1650–1652 (1 folder).

Accessibility “Plaatsingslijst van het archief van de familie Van der Burch, 1520–1873”; also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance Dirck Graswinckel (1601–1660), son of a Delft regent, was a doctor of law and held various ofces within and outside the Netherlands. He served as advocate at the Court of Holland, judge advocate at the States of Holland, ambassador in Venice and advocate at the Swedish Crown. He also wrote a treatise regarding the free seas: Vindicae maris liberi ad Seldenum.

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TOWN ARCHIVES AND ATHENAEUM LIBRARY DEVENTER Stadsarchief en Athenaeumbibliotheek Deventer Deventer www.sabdeventer.nl

Aldermen and Council of the Town of Deventer, Period of the Republic Record group Aldermen and Council of the Town of Deventer, Period of the Republic Schepenen en raad van de stad Deventer, periode Republiek Reference code : 691 Period : 1591–1795 Extent : 772 items, 57 metres Abstract This collection consists of the remaining material of the administration of the aldermen and council of the town of Deventer from the period between 1591 and 1795, when it was part of the Dutch Republic. It includes resolutions, correspondence, nancial registers, and papers on subjects like trade and industry, church matters and charitable institutions, eduction and health care, and police and military matters. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1591–1794 : Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, Latin, Low German, various languages

Relevant information on Deventer’s trade with the Baltic Sea region and its role as a Hanseatic town up until 1650 can be found in most series of the collection:

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GENERAL TOWN ADMINISTRATION A: Town laws, registers of council decisions and daybooks (6 m) • •

•

•

1: Rechten ende gewoonten der stadt Deventer, third town law, 1642 (1 volume) (this town law was printed in 1644). 4.7–4.14 (–4.47): Prothocoll des Rades van dagelicken resolutien, Liber quotidianarum resolutionum civitatis Daventriensis, register of resolutions of schepenen (aldermen) and raad (council), 1591–1654 (–1795) (8 volumes) (from volume 36 onwards an alphabetic index is placed at the end of each volume). 6a–6c (–6m): Registers of resolutions of aldermen and council and the gezworen gemeente (sworn community), 1600–1670 (–1794), 3 volumes (nos. 12–14 are alphabetic indexes of the periods 1640–1769 and 1751–1789). 17a–17b (–17c): Registers of resolutions of the commissioners of the towns of Deventer, Kampen and Zwolle, 1612–1668 (–1676), with gaps (2 volumes).

B: Letters and acts to and from the town council (6.5 m) • •

19: Letters and requests sent to the town council, with some appendices, 1591–1794 (c. 612 pieces). 26a–26b: Drafts of outgoing letters, 1591–1738 (14 folders).

VARIOUS RIGHTS OF THE TOWN (0.25 m) •

•

30: Act containing a mandate from the towns of Deventer, Kampen and Zwolle for their delegates to King Christian IV of Denmark to request the conrmation of their privileges in his realms, 3 February 1604 (1 charter). 37xx: Register of privileges and rights of the town of Deventer, 1668 (1 quire).

CIVIL RIGHTS AND RIGHTS OF RESIDENCE (0.25 m) •

•

95A (–95B): Burgerboek, register of resolutions of the town council, concerning the granting of “great and small” civil rights, 1596–1719 (–1863) (1 volume). 96: Register of names of the great and small burghers of the town, 1596–1702 (1 volume).

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97: Extract from the Burgerboek, containing the names of the great and small burghers of the town in the period from 1596 to 1634, 1634 (1 quire).

TOWN FINANCES A: Administration of tolls and excises (0.1 m) • •

197: Tariffs of the Katentol and the Bisschopstol, 1614, c. 1650, 1696 (1 folder). 197x: Account of publican H. Haak concerning his revenues and expenses as regards the Katentol and the Bisschopstol, 1684/1685 (1 piece).

SUPERVISION ON VARIOUS MATTERS Supervision on guilds and commerce (0.25 m) •

• • •

271: Gilden ende cloosteren, register of guild letters and ordinances and publications of the town council regarding the guilds, c. 1595, with later additions until 1695 (1 volume) (from p. 37: the skippers’ guild). 281: Ordinance of the town council regarding the selling of goods by foreign skippers at the Welle, 1593 (1 piece). 290–2: Ordinance of the skippers’ guild, 1645, seventeenth-century copy (1 piece). 290–3: Settlement of a dispute within the skippers’ guild by the town council, 1658, copy without date (seventeenth century) (1 piece on parchment).

DEVENTER AS MEMBER OF THE HANSE (0.4 m) •

•

•

526: Documents concerning an attempt of the town of Lübeck on behalf of the Wendish towns to persuade the king of Denmark and Norway to acknowledge the privileges of the various Hanseatic towns, 1599 (1 folder). 527: Documents concerning the attempts by, among others, the town of Deventer to persuade the king of Denmark and Norway to uphold the privileges of the Hanseatic towns, 1614, 1615 (1 bundle). 528: Articuli novae confederationis super quibus consensus petitur, draft of a new treaty of mutual assistance between the Hanseatic towns, 1600 (1 piece).

town archives and athenaeum library deventer •

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529: Copies of documents concerning the formation of a new treaty between the States General and some German Hanseatic towns, 1615 (4 pieces). 530: Documents concerning the attempts of the German Hanseatic towns to make the Dutch towns rejoin their league, 1616, 1619, 1620 (4 pieces). 531–535: Documents concerning various general Hanseatic meetings, 1606–1628 (2 folders, 8 pieces and 1 bundle). 536: Letters of the towns of Zutphen and Nijmegen to Deventer concerning the general Hanseatic meeting on 1 September 1651 at Lübeck, 1651 (3 pieces). 537: Documents regarding the attempts of the town of Cologne to call a meeting of the Wendish Hanseatic towns, 1595, 1596 (4 pieces bundled). 538–543: Documents concerning various meetings of the Wendish Hanseatic towns, 1598–1603 (4 folders, 5 pieces and 1 bundle). 544: Documents concerning the negotiations between the town of Cologne and the Overijssel towns of the Cologne quarter of the Hanse about the payment of the shares laid down by the meetings of the Wendish Hanseatic towns, 1603 (1 folder). 545: Documents concerning the negotiations between the towns of Deventer and Wesel regarding the restitution requested by Cologne of the pennies it advanced for the rebuilding of the Hansehouse at Antwerp, 1596 (5 pieces). 546: Copies of documents concerning the intervention of the States General in the dispute between the Duke of Braunschweig on the one side and the town of Braunschweig on the other, 1615 (2 folders). 547: Register of documents concerning the payment of the Sound tolls, c. 1650 (1 quire).

DEVENTER AS MEMBER OF THE STATENVERGADERING (PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT) Relations between the province of Overijssel and the Generality (0.1 m) •

651: Document concerning the formation of a toll treaty between King Christian IV of Denmark and the States General, translations and copies, (1645) (1 bundle).

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DEPOSITED ARCHIVES (1.25 m) •

755.1–62: Miscellanea, series running parallel to the series of incoming documents, containing, among other things, letters to the knighthood and towns, to the “three towns” (Deventer, Kampen and Zwolle) and to individuals, 1591–1650 (1794), 62 folders.

Accessibility Since the old inventory (J.I. van Doorninck, Inventaris van het Deventer archief (Deventer, 1870)) is out of date, a new inventory is currently being produced. Record creator / provenance Deventer was one of the three main Overijssel towns of the Middle Ages (with Kampen and Zwolle), which were all members of the Hanseatic League. In all three towns, trade with the Baltic Sea region declined in the sixteenth century, due to the silting up of the IJssel River and a long period of unrest in the area, but membership of the Hanse for Deventer is attested until 1651. By then direct overseas trade with the Baltic countries had lost its signicance.

Judicial Archives Deventer, Aldermen and Council Record group Judicial Archives Deventer, Aldermen and Council Rechterlijk Archief Deventer, schepenen en raad Reference code : 722 Period : 1423–1805 Extent : 689 items, 33 metres Abstract This collection consists of the remaining materials of the court of aldermen and council of the town of Deventer from the period between 1423 and 1805. It includes a wide variety of matters concerning civil, criminal and voluntary justice in Deventer.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1423–1649 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

The various registers regarding civil justice administered by the aldermen and council may contain cases between various parties involved in sea trade, or cases involving immigrants. The registers regarding voluntary justice may include merchants, skippers or immigrants. CIVIL JUSTICE (3.5 m) •

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3: Claegedagsrolle, register of claims taken up with the court of aldermen and council and their decisions regarding these, 1582–1599 (1 volume). 4: Rechtdagsrolle der stadt Deventer, rolls of the civil sessions of the court of aldermen and council, 1565–1594 (2 volumes). 5: Liber causarum inter actores et reos, registers of statements of claim and defence of the parties in a lawsuit, 1423–1551 (4 volumes, 1 folder). 6: Liber attestationum civitatis Daventriensis, protocol of witness testimonies in civil cases, 1476–1593 (10 volumes) (index available in the reading room; series continued under no. 80). 7: Registers of civil judgements passed by the aldermen and council, 1512–1605 (3 volumes). 80: Protocol of witness testimonies in civil cases, 1593–1651 (1 volume).

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19–21: Registers of various acts emanating from the aldermen and council or executed before the aldermen commissioners, including safe-conducts, acknowledgments of debt and authorisations, 1441–1546 (3 volumes). 22: Constitutiën boeck, registers of authorizations executed before the aldermen commissioners, 1544–1594 (2 volumes). 23: Boek van bekende schulden, register of acknowledgments of debt, 1544–1597 (1 volume). 104: Boek van bekende schulden, registers of acknowledgments of debt (including an index on the period 1624–1659), 1597–1649 (1805) (3 volumes).

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Accessibility Since the old inventory in J. Acquoy, Inventarissen van de rechterlijke archieven der stad Deventer, van het schoutambt en de ambtmannie Colmschate (Deventer, 1911) is out of date, a new inventory is currently being produced. Record creator / provenance In the Middle Ages, Deventer was one of the three main towns in the region of Overijssel (with Kampen and Zwolle), all of which were members of the Hanseatic League. In all three towns, trade with the Baltic Sea area declined in the sixteenth century, due to the silting up of the IJssel River and a long period of unrest in the area, but membership of the Hanse for Deventer is attested until 1651. By then direct overseas trade with the Baltic Sea countries had lost its signicance.

Town of Deventer, Medieval Period (until 1591) Record group Town of Deventer, Medieval Period (until 1591) Stad Deventer, periode Middeleeuwen (tot 1591) Reference code : 690 Period : (1046) 1241–1591 Extent : 522 items, 24 metres Abstract This collection contains the remaining papers of the administration of the town of Deventer up to 1591, when the town became part of the Dutch Republic. It contains the archives of the aldermen and council, which include cartularies, resolutions, correspondence, privileges, statutes and nancial registers, as well as the archives of the sworn community and some documents of a private nature. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1241–1624 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, Low German, various languages

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Relevant information on Deventer’s trade with the Baltic Sea region and its role as a Hanseatic town can be found in most series of the collection: ARCHIVES OF THE ALDERMEN AND COUNCIL General town administration A: Registers of resolutions and cartularies of the town council (0.9 m) • •

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1: Prothocoll des Rhades, register of resolutions of schepenen (aldermen) and raad (council), 1566–1591 (5 volumes). 2: Liber magistratus Daventriensis in quo scribentur concordata magistratus et communitatis, register of resolutions of aldermen and council, and gezworen gemeente (sworn community), 1542–1599 (3 volumes). 3: Minutes of the meetings of the “three towns” (Deventer, Kampen and Zwolle), 1529, 1554, 1558, 1560 (1 folder) (resolutions of the three towns are registered in the Reyseboeck der stadt Deventer, see no. 436). 4a–4c: Olde in papier gescreven copienboick, Stad register, register of letters, charters, etc., from or to the town council, with some loose notes, second half fteenth century, with later additions up to 1530 (1 volume and 2 folders). 4d–4e: Olde copienboick in francijn gescreven, cartulary of documents from the period 1241–1549, late fteenth/early sixteenth century, photocopies (2 volumes) (the original has been kept in the University Library in Leiden since 1746, see Cat. Handschr. 1e afd, part XIV, p. 103, no. 72–a). 5a: Nije copienboick, register of charters, mostly regarding town property, (1541), with later additions up to 1595 (1 volume).

B: Incoming and outgoing documents (4.0 m) •

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6: Letters and requests sent to the town council, with some appendices, 1455–1457, 1459–1460, 1472–1474, 1476–1490, 1492–1493, 1495–1498, 1500, 1505–1506, 1508, 1511–1514, 1516–1531, 1534–1546 and 1548– 1591 (356 folders). 7: Protocol of letters sent by the town council, including, besides drafts of letters, some copies of replies sent to the town council, 1444–1470 (1 volume). 8: Drafts of letters sent by the town council, 1433, 1455, 1481, 1485–1486, 1490, 1505–1506, 1523–1527, 1543–1545, 1547, 1549, 1550, 1555,

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1558–1562, 1564, 1566–1568, 1570, 1572–1582, 1584–1586, 1588 and 1589 (48 folders). 12: Copies of several letters, acts and reports, including list of contents, c. 1530 (1 volume).

Various rights of the town A: General (0.5 m) •

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29–2 (regest 148): Act in which King Frederick III of the Holy Roman Empire forbids the town of Kampen to build a bridge across the IJssel River, 17 April 1448 (1 charter). 32–1: Act in which King Christian of Denmark puts the town of Deventer under its protection and grants it herring shing rights in Denmark and particularly in Scania, 3 October 1461 (1 charter). 53–1: Documents regarding the request by the towns of Deventer, Kampen and Zwolle to governess Mary (of Hungary) to lift the imperial ban on trade to Norway and the Baltic Sea region, 1536, contemporary copies (1 folder with 2 pieces). 55–3 (regest 364): Vidimus of 53–1, 7 February 1543 (1 charter). 61–13: Documents regarding the objections by the three towns (Deventer, Kampen and Zwolle) to the stadtholder against the export of herring and salted fish, and the minting of gold and silver pennies, 1559 (1 folder). 61–14: Draft instruction for the representatives of the three towns to King Philip II regarding the nullication of the ban on the export of herring and salted sh, and the minting of golden and silver pennies, 1559 (1 folder).

B: Documents regarding the ve free fairs and the free ox market (0.25 m) • •

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83a/b: Act in which King Frederick III grants the town of Deventer ve free fairs, 1447, with vidimus d.d. 1481 (2 charters). 84a/b: Bull of Pope Sixtus IV, in which he conrms the acts of Frederick III regarding the ve free fairs, 1481, with another bull from the same in which he orders some church leaders to help maintain the stipulations of the said bull, 1481 (2 charters). 85a/b: Act in which Emperor Frederick III conrms the town’s rights as regards the ve fairs, 1487, with copy, c. 1550 (1 charter and 1 piece). 86: Act in which Emperor Charles V conrms the town’s rights as regards the ve fairs, 1522 (1 charter).

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Jurisdiction (0.5 m) •

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132–1: Der stad boeck, Statuten boick der stadt Deventer, rst town law, (1448), with some modications and additions from the period 1460 to 1471 (1 volume). 132–2: Der stad boeck van Deventer, probably a draft of no. 133, fteenth century (1 volume). 133: Der stad nije boeck, Statuten boick der stadt Deventer, second town law, 1486, with some modications and additions from the period 1492 to 1623 (1 volume). 135: Edicta magistratus die buyrspraecht genoemptt, Dat boick der buyrspraiken, registers of publications of the town council, 1459–1538, 1534–1555, 1555–1596 (3 volumes). 136–1: Publications of the town council, 1551–1588 (1 folder).

Organisation of the town government (0.25 m) These lists may provide information on Deventer merchants as council members. •

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140: Lists of names of the by King Philip II provisionally appointed aldermen, council and sworn community members (gezworen meente), 1587 (1 folder). 141: Petrikeurboeck, registers of the yearly election of aldermen, council and sworn community members, 1582–1624 (2 volumes). 143: Registrum absentium, lists of aldermen and council members who missed the meetings of the council, 1510, 1512–1514, 1521, 1523, 1526, 1528, 1529, 1532, 1536–1539, 1548, 1550, 1575–1577 and 1580–1584 (24 folders).

Town nances A: General (5.25 m, including draft versions and manuals) •

150 (to become no. 698), 1–65 (–344): Accounts of the cameraars (chamberlains) 1337–1650 (–1792) (46 volumes).

B: Administration of town property (0.5 m) •

156: Registers of the leases of excises and of land and other town revenues, including among other things the names of new burghers and the amounts paid by them, c. 1392–1597 (3 volumes and 1 folder).

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176–1: Tariffs of the harbour dues for ships, including the tariffs for ships anchoring at the town walls, c. 1550) (1 folder with 2 pieces).

C: Administration of tolls (0.8 m) 1) Administration of the Katentol •

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207: Fijn Cathentollboeck, Bisschopsboeck, havenboeck, register of the revenues of the Katentol, the Bisschopstol and the harbour dues, 1577, 1583–1585, 1591 (4 volumes). 209: List of revenues from the Katentol of chamberlain Swier Koster, 1575 (1 folder). 210: Opschrijvinge van den gemeinen (Cahten)toll, register of names of those subject to the Katentol who have paid the dues, with annulments, structured alphabetically, 1545–1556, 1574 (14 volumes). 211: Dat scholtboeck, register of names of those subject to the Katentol who still owe the dues, with deletions, structured alphabetically (c. 1550), 1553–1555, 1574 (4 volumes). 211*: Transsumpt of a list of the tolls due for different goods, 1464 (1 charter). 212: Van onser stadt tollen, register of the tariffs of and resolutions regarding the Katentol and the Bisschopstol, 1541 (1 volume). 213: Tariffs of the Katentol, fteenth and sixteenth century (1 folder).

2) Administration of the Bisschopstol •

225–2: Tariffs of the Bisschopstol, c. 1580, 1 piece.

3) Tolls in general •

225–3: Copies of acts concerning and ordinances regarding tolls in the Netherlands, sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (1 volume).

D: Accounts and other documents regarding special expenses (0.25 m) • • •

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259–1: Account of Jan Draeken, commissioned by the town council to maintain the harbour, 1547 (1 folder). 260: Invoice of expenses of Wynolth Remmels who travelled as servant of a delegation to Lübeck, 1552 (1 folder). 261–1, 261–2: Agreement between the town council on one side and its members Marten Bueckers and Lubbert van Wynssem on the other, about the reimbursement of the latter regarding their expenses as representatives of the town at a meeting with the king of Denmark and the Hanseatic towns held in Copenhagen in 1552, 1553, in duplo (2 charters). 268–4: Account of Johan Kijver regarding the cleaning of the harbour, 1580 (1 folder).

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270–1: Assessment register of a head tax, with the inhabitants listed per street (as many people are taxed at “nihil”, all inhabitants are possibly listed, c. 1579 (1 folder).

Alliances, reconciliations and other documents regarding wars and disputes (0.1 m) •

368–2: Documents regarding the measures taken by the council to free burgomaster Hendrik Dorre from his imprisonment in the duchy of Mecklenburg, 1564–1566 (1 bundle).

Deventer as imperial town (0.1 m) •

400b: Order of Emperor Maximilian II (1562–1576) including the ban on trade with the king of Sweden in reaction to his aggressive conduct in the Baltic Sea region to the disadvantage of the Holy Roman Empire and its subjects (with notes about the publication of the order on the door of the Deventer town hall d.d. 11 February 1566), 1565 (printed) (1 folder).

Deventer as a member of the Hanse (1.25 m) •

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404: Recessen (minutes) of the Hanseatic meetings, with various appendices, 1447–1580 (5 volumes and 4 folders) (the volume from 1557– 1580 includes a few pieces on Hanseatic affairs of the mid-seventeenth century). 404*: Transsumpt, issued by the provost of Deventer, of charters to prove to King Christian of Denmark that the town of Deventer has been an imperial and Hanseatic town of old, 1543 (1 charter). 405–1: Photocopies of acts from the register of Hanseatic privileges at Bergen, (1552), with transcriptions, 1446, 1490, 1534 (1 folder) (the register itself is lost). 405–2: List of the quota of the various Hanseatic towns, c. 1580 (1 folder). 406: Vidimus of a charter d.d. 1483, containing the conrmation by King Charles VIII of France of a letter in which King Louis XI of France makes peace with the Hanse and conrms and extends its privileges in his kingdom, 1484 (1 charter). 407: Privileges granted to and agreements settled with the Hanse, c. 1560, copies (1 bundle).

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407*: Act of the town of Lübeck containing a mandate from the Hanseatic towns for Olef Rotterdes, secretary of Deventer, to protest against the issuing of summons by the Great Council against individuals from Lübeck, Stralsund and Rostock regarding four ships captured by individuals from Enkhuizen and Brielle near Norway, 1544 (2 charters). 408: Documents regarding disputes between King Henry VII of England and the Hanse regarding the privileges of the latter, 1491 (1 bundle). 409–1: Documents regarding disputes between Queen Elizabeth I of England and the Hanse regarding the application of a trading agreement of 1473 between England and the Hanse, 1560, 1561 (1 folder). 409–2: Notes of various town secretaries regarding the seating arrangement of the Hanseatic towns in their meetings, 1450, 1540–1557 (1 folder with 2 pieces). 410: Note of the town of Lübeck, containing a motion to change the manner of call for the general Hanseatic meetings and of the execution of the decisions made there, 1556 (1 folder with 2 pieces). 411: List of points to be dealt with in the general Hanseatic meeting on 16 June 1549 at Lübeck, 1549 (1 folder). 412–417: Documents concerning various general Hanseatic meetings, 1559–1591 (6 folders). 418: Acts of the towns of Kampen and Zwolle, containing a mandate for Lubbert van Windessem, burgomaster of Deventer to represent their governments at the Hanseatic meeting at Odense on 24 June 1560, 1560 (2 charters). 419, 420, 422: Documents concerning various meetings of the Wendish Hanseatic towns at Lübeck, 1552–1558 (3 folders). 421: Documents concerning the realisation of a trading agreement between the king of Denmark and Norway and the Wendish Hanseatic towns, 1553, copy (1 bundle). 423: List of points to be dealt with at the meeting of the Cologne quarter of the Hanse on 12 February 1554 at Nider-Wesel, 1554 (1 folder). 424: Act of the town of Deventer, containing a mandate for Lubbert van Wynssem and Nicolaas Verheiden as representatives at the meeting of the Cologne quarter of the Hanse on 31 August 1556 at Cologne, 1556, copy (1 charter). 425: Instruction of the town council to Lubbert van Wynssem as representative at the meeting of the Cologne quarter of the Hanse on 24 November 1557 at Cologne, 1557, draft (1 folder). 426: List of points to be dealt with at the meeting of the Cologne quarter of the Hanse on 26 January 1561 at Cologne, 1561 (1 folder).

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427: Act from the town of Cologne, in which the burgomaster and council declare that the towns of the Cologne quarter will be held liable only for a proportionate share of the sum of 10000 Carolus guilders to repay Cologne for its advance to rebuild the Hanzehuis at Antwerp, when the ofce at Antwerp cannot itself repay this sum, 1561 (1 charter). 428: Documents concerning the meeting of the Cologne quarter of the Hanse on 25 October 1579 at Wesel, 1579 (1 folder with 4 pieces). 429: Documents concerning the trading disagreements between the board of the Hanseatic ofce at Bergen in Norway and the Hanseatic towns by the Zuiderzee, 1518, 1519 (1 folder with 4 pieces). 430: Documents concerning disputes between the board of the Hanseatic ofce at Bergen in Norway and some Deventer Bergenvaarders regarding the manner of trading of the latter which are opposed to the regulations of said ofce, 1542–1546 (1 bundle). 431: Journal of a journey of representatives of the town (also representing Kampen and Zwolle) to Lübeck and Copenhagen to discuss various trading interests, 1549, with a letter of the town council to the representatives (1 folder). 432: Journal of a journey of representatives of the town to Copenhagen to discuss various trading interests, 1552 (1 folder). 433: Documents concerning the mission of representatives of the town to King Frederik II of Denmark and Norway regarding the interests of the Deventer Bergenvaarders, 1560 (1 folder). 434–1: Journal of a journey of representatives of the town to Antwerp and Brussels to discuss the interests of the Deventer Bergenvaarders, 1576 (1 folder). 434–2: Lists containing the sums due by burghers from Deventer, Kampen and Zwolle to the Hanseatic ofce at Antwerp, (1576) (1 folder). 434–3: Privileges from 1443–1507 to the Dutch and especially the Amsterdam merchants trading in Norway and Denmark granted by the Danish kings, 1549, copy (1 folder).

Deposited documents (0.25 m) •

470*: Documents regarding the various claims issued to the aldermen and council on the goods taken by archbishop Olaf of Trontheim on his ight from Norway and surrendered into custody in Deventer, 1536–1548, 1586 (3 charters and 11 folders).

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ARCHIVES OF THE SWORN COMMUNITY (0.3 m) •

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478: Dat boick van der Geschworen Mynthen, Dat boick der concordaten tusschen den erb. Raidt und der Gesworen meynthen, register of resolutions of the aldermen and council, and of the sworn community, 1538–1594 (3 volumes). 479: Letters and requests sent to the sworn community, 1564–1589 (1 folder).

DOCUMENTS OF A PRIVATE NATURE (0.25 m) •

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495: Documents regarding the criminal trial before the Gdansk magistrates against Hendrik Werterschwiegk from Deventer for the assault of Jacob Dembker, burgher of Gdansk, in Mecklenburg, 1559, 1564, 1565, copies (3 folders). 497–2: Documents of a private nature regarding a journey of town secretary Jurriën Voet as representative of the three towns Deventer, Kampen and Zwolle to Antwerp, 1576, 1577 (1 folder). 499–1/2: Letters to various individuals (mainly members of the town council), 1573–1587 (2 folders). 500–1: Letters as described under no. 499–1, 1583 (1 folder with 4 pieces).

Accessibility Since the old inventory (J.I. van Doorninck, Inventaris van het Deventer archief (Deventer 1870)) is out of date, a new inventory is currently being produced and will be online in the course of 2007. With regard to inv. no. 1, a calendar of the resolutions of the aldermen and council from the period 1566–87 is available in the repository’s reading room in 11 volumes. The contents of no. 4 are specied by W.H. Cost Jordens in the appendix of the old inventory (“bijlage VII”, pp. 193–235). A few very short calendars (1 quire) of some pieces of no. 6 from 1470–1476, written by G.J. ter Kuile around 1947, and a calendar (1 volume) of a large number of pieces from no. 8 from the period 1540–1580, written by J. de Hullu in 1893, are both available in the repository’s reading room, but are of limited value. Of the accounts of the kameraar (no. 150), a separate inventory is available: J. Acquoy, De Cameraar (Deventer, 1921). A transcription of 270–1 is available in the reading room, “blauwe serie”, no. 129.

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Record creator / provenance Deventer was one of the three main Overijssel towns of the Middle Ages (with Kampen and Zwolle), which were all members of the Hanseatic League. In all three towns, trade with the Baltic declined in the sixteenth century, due to the silting up of the IJssel River and a long period of unrest in the area, but the towns remained members of the Hanseatic League until the early seventeenth century, and in the case of Deventer until at least 1651. Publications •

Vloten, J. van, “Vijf lezingen over Deventer”, containing inv. no. 132–1.

TOWN ARCHIVES DORDRECHT Stadsarchief Dordrecht Dordrecht www.dordrecht.nl/stadsarchief

Baptismal, Marriage and Burial Registers of Dordrecht Record group Baptismal, Marriage and Burial Registers of Dordrecht Doop-, trouw- en begraafboeken van Dordrecht Reference code : 11 Period : 1573–1817 Extent : 99 items, 6.75 metres

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Abstract This collection contains the retroacts of the Birth, Death and Marriage Registry: the baptismal (birth), marriage and burial (death) registers of the various congregations and the Court of Dordrecht. Included are registers from the various churches of the Dutch Reformed Congregation, the Walloon Congregation, the English-Scottish Congregation, the Evangelical-Lutheran Congregation, the Mennonite Congregation, the Roman Catholic Church, the Old Catholic Church, the Dutch-Israelite Congregation and the Court. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1583–1812 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Only the registers of the Evangelical-Lutheran Congregation and the Mennonite Congregation seem to be relevant for research on immigration from the Baltic Sea area, but even in these, references are rare. Also worth mentioning are the marriage registers from the Court, which include marriages from these two congregations. EVANGELICAL-LUTHERAN CONGREGATION •

76–77: Marriage registers, 1690–1812 (2 volumes).

MENNONITE CONGREGATION (DOOPSGEZINDE GEMEENTE) • •

78: Register of marriages, of members who moved to or away from Dordrecht and of deaths, 1617–1729 (1 volume). 79: Register of members, marriages, baptisms and births, 1685–1793 (1 volume).

COURT (HET GERECHT) • •

87–93 (–94): Marriage registers, 1691–1805 (–1811) (7 volumes). 95, 96: Register of marriages of the various congregations, 1583–1795 (2 volumes).

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Accessibility H. Brouwer, Plaatsingslijst van de doop-, trouw- en begraafboeken van Dordrecht (Dordrecht, 1929); also available online at the repository’s website. Indices on names in all the registers are available at the repository’s reading room, both in print and (partly) on microche. Record creator / provenance Dordrecht was the main town in Holland in the fourteenth and early fteenth century, but subsequently declined in importance due to competition from towns like Antwerp, Rotterdam and Amsterdam. From an entrepot for international trade in the fourteenth century, helped by the staple rights on all trade going up and down the main rivers in Holland, it became a centre for regional trade from the sixteenth century on. Dordrecht never specialised in Baltic Sea trade, although some commerce with this region did take place. The town traded mainly in Rhinewine. In addition, shipbuilding took place. Copies A marriage register of the Evangelical-Lutheran Congregation (no. 76), the registers of the Mennonite Congregation (nos. 78, 79) and the registers of the Court (nos. 87–96) are available on microche at the repository’s reading room.

Guilds and Fraternities Record group Guilds and Fraternities Gilden en confrérieën Reference code : 16 Period : 1341–1896 Extent : 1113 items, 9.5 metres Abstract This collection consists of the remaining papers of the various guilds of the town of Dordrecht. Included are the guilds’ nancial administration, statute books, by-laws from the town council, minutes of meetings, correspondence,

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lists of deans and members of the guilds, and various documents such as decisions regarding court cases and disputes, petitions, charters and notarial deeds. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1367–1815 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the archives of the timber dealers’, great skippers’, and shipwrights’ guilds, which include information on the organisation of shipping and shipbuilding by the town and guilds, and on the people working in these sectors. The archives of the shipwrights’ guild especially provide a large amount of information regarding the organisation of shipbuilding and ship repairs. TIMBER DEALERS’ OR SAINT NICHOLAS’ GUILD • • •

7–7b: Statute books, 1602–1790 and 1605–eighteenth century, with copies of by-laws from 1367 (3 volumes). 8: Registers of members of the guild, 1446–1646 (1 volume). 9a: Decision of the council and the deans of the common trade (gemene neringen) that the shipwrights and carpenters will be merged with the timber dealers’ guild, 1583 (1 piece).

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155, 156: Statute books (keurboeken), 1612–1804, with copies of bylaws, 1574–1612 (2 volumes). 157: Register of ordinances, judgements, decisions and notarial deeds, 1617–1783 (1 volume). 159a: Charter of the council, the deans of the common trade and the skippers of the guild regulating the loading and sailing of ships, 1418, copy from 1612 (1 piece). 161f: Memorandum to the town council regarding loading and unloading by the great and small skippers’ guilds, undated (1 piece). 165: Register of extracts from the ordinances of the guild, undated (1 volume). 168: Documents regarding the guild, 1660–1815 (1 folder).

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Shipbuilders’ or Shipwrights’ Guild • • • • •

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228–230: Statute books, 1587–1657, after 1783 and late eighteenth century (copies) (3 volumes). 231, 232: Registers of deans, other ofcials and members of the guild, 1664–1699, 1587–1794 (2 volumes). 233: Estimate of two deans and a member of the guild regarding the damage to ships, 1787–1790 (1 folder). 234: Incoming letters to the deans of guild, 1762–87 (1 folder). 235, 235a: Accounts and justication by the deans and the servant of the timber dealers’ guild, 1582–83 and 1614–59 (2 volumes); with appendices in no. 236, 1552–1798 (1 folder). 239–351: Various documents regarding the guild, including judgements and decisions of the Court regarding guild members and the guild (for example concerning the repair of ships), by-laws, petitions of the guild, acts of lease (for example concerning the use of the guild’s slips and screws (schroeven) and chains), and other (notarial) deeds of the guilds, ordinances, and documents regarding disputes, 1367–1787 (12 folders, 102 pieces, 3 charters).

Accessibility J.C. Overvoorde, Plaatsingslijst van de archieven van de gilden en confreriën (Dordrecht, 1894); also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance Dordrecht was the main town in Holland in the fourteenth and early fteenth century, but subsequently declined in importance due to competition from towns like Antwerp, Rotterdam and Amsterdam. From an entrepot for international trade in the fourteenth century, helped by the staple rights on all trade going up and down the main rivers in Holland, it became a centre for regional trade from the sixteenth century on. Dordrecht never specialised in Baltic Sea trade, although some commerce with this region did take place. The town traded mainly in Rhinewine. In addition, shipbuilding took place. Related materials •

Collection of Documents Regarding the Lebret Family (reference code: 94), inv. no. 14: statute and ordinance book of the merchants’ guild.

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Lebret Family Documents Collection Record group Lebret Family Documents Collection Collectie van bescheiden met betrekking tot de familie Lebret Reference code : 94 Period : 1367–1962 Extent : 18 items, 0.25 metres Abstract This collection consists of the remaining papers of the Lebret family of Dordrecht. It includes geneological documents, biographies, documents regarding the artist Frans Lebret, incoming letters, a sketch map of Dordrecht, a statute and ordinance book of the merchants’ guild and some miscellaneous documents. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1367–1764 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant is solely a statute and ordinance book of the merchants’ guild of Dordrecht (inv. no. 14, dating from 1367–1764, 1 volume). Accessibility “Plaatsingslijst van de collectie van bescheiden met betrekking tot de familie Lebret”; also available online at the repository’s website. Related materials •

Guilds and Fraternities [of Dordrecht] (reference code: 16).

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Manuscript Collection Record group Manuscript Collection Collectie van handschriften Reference code : 150 Period : 16th–20th century Extent : 3077 items, 25 metres Abstract This collection consists of the manuscripts collected by the Dordrecht archives over the years. It includes documents regarding a large amount of subjects of Dordrecht history, but also that of Holland, the Netherlands and the rest of the world. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1660–1804 : Denmark, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are a few items regarding trade and diplomatic relations with the Baltic Sea region and shipping in general. •

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•

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78: Notarial declaration regarding the average of the Danish ship De Jonge Balthasar, freighted with spirits loaded in Dordrecht, translated from Spanish, 1791 (1 quire). 99: Journal of the merchant Jan Rens, also the log of the ship Diana, including the sale of Prussian and Polish grain and trade with, among other places, Hamburg, Copenhagen, Gdansk, Königsberg and Riga, 1750–1751 (1 volume). 104, 105: Registers of the shipyard of Jan, Engel and Symon Schouten, including detailed descriptions of sizes, materials and costs of various ships, 1736–1756 (2 volumes). 884a–c: Current account books of D.J. Butin at Dordrecht regarding his trading business, among other places in Copenhagen, 1782–1804 (3 volumes).

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2220: Notarial deed of transfer of bonds by Hendrik Ernst de Bertry, resident of the king of Poland in Amsterdam, to H. Eelbo at Dordrecht, with retroacts, 1720–1724 (1 folder).

Accessibility “Plaatsingslijst van de collectie van handschriften”, only available at the repository’s website.

Notarial Archives of Dordrecht Record group Notarial Archives of Dordrecht Notariële archieven van Dordrecht Reference code : 20 Period : 1589–1925 Extent : 2710 items, 263 metres Abstract This collection consists of the notarial archives of Dordrecht. Included are registers of drafts of notarial deeds and other parts of the administration of various notaries. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1589–1842 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are nos. 1–1454: registers of drafts of notarial deeds and other documents of various Dordrecht notaries admitted to the profession prior to 1800, including sales of ships, bills of lading and other maritime business, dating from 1589–1842. Accessibility “Plaatsingslijst van de notariële archieven van Dordrecht”; also available online at the repository’s website. Indices on rst name per notary are available in the repository’s reading room, both printed and on microche.

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Copies Nos. 1–362, 418, 419, 511, 512, 582–585, 636, 729–732, 738–775, 1162, 1180–1183 and 1360–1365 are available on microche at the repository’s reading room.

Old Judicial Archives of Dordrecht Record group Old Judicial Archives of Dordrecht Oud-rechterlijke archieven van Dordrecht Reference code :9 Period : 1450–1811 Extent : 1671 items, 49.35 metres Abstract These archives consist of the administration of several judicial bodies in the town of Dordrecht up to 1811. They include the archives of the main Court, containing material regarding criminal, civil and voluntary justice. Also included are the archives of various bodies of aldermen-ofcers, administrating law in for example insolvent estates, guild matters and small business. Finally, maritime cases were dealt with by the water court. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1585–1811 : Germany, Russia, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Most relevant are the archives of the water court, which was in charge of maritime matters, both civil and voluntary. Also important are the registers of decisions of the Court and the Old Council, which include regulations regarding the harbour and harbour dues, and a small number of cases in which persons from the Baltic Sea area are involved. Finally, the archives of the aldermen-ofcers of the insolvent chamber include sales of ships, and those of the aldermen-ofcers of guild matters contain some information on legal matters within the guilds.

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COURT AND JUDICIAL CHAMBER (KAMER JUDICIEEL) General administration Decisions and correspondence • •

• • •

10, 11: Registers of decisions of the Court and the Old Council (Oudraad), 1622–57 (2 volumes). 12–23: Registers of decisions of the Court and the judicial chamber, 1794–1810 (12 volumes); with appendices under no. 29 (–31), 1798–1800 (–1810) (1 bundle). 32a–32b: Registers of copies of the most important decisions of the Old Council and the Court, 1622–1762 (2 volumes). 33–53: Indices on the decisions of (the Old Council and) the Court, 1622–1791 (26 volumes and 2 folders). 61–128a (–131a): Registers of decisions of the Court, as well as copies of petitions, 1649–1800 (–1811) (88 volumes).

Civil justice •

686: Instruction regarding the lawsuit between Willem van Velthuijsen and some merchants from Brunswik regarding a debt, second half sixteenth century (1 piece).

ALDERMAN-OFFICERS OF THE INSOLVENT ESTATES CHAMBER Sales •

1362–1427 (–1447): Documents regarding sales, 1585–1799 (–1811) (66 folders); including the sale of a ship in nos. 1366 (1733?), 1367 (1735), 1373 (1737), 1384 (1741 “a ship with stolen goods”), 1394 (1749), 1395 (1750), 1401 (1753), 1403–1404 (1755), 1405 (1756), 1406 (1757), 1410 (1761), 1415 (1766), 1416 (1767), 1418–1419, 1421 (1770), 1422 (1778), 1423 (1781) and 1427 (1799).

ALDERMAN-OFFICERS OF THE GUILDS •

1551: Register of the roll concerning guild matters, 1698–1704 (1 volume).

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WATER COURT (WATERGERECHT) General administration • •

1553: Minutes of meetings of the aldermen, 1774–1805 (1 volume). 1555: Documents concerning the ordinance on maritime law, 1771–75 (1 folder).

Civil justice • •

•

1557–1565 (–1566): Registers of the water rolls, 1627–1799 (–1809) (9 volumes). 1567–1572 (–1573): Registers regarding charters, petitions and judgements in cases of, among other matters, general average, 1662–1803 (–1811) (6 volumes and 1 folder). 1574–1599 (–1603): Various documents regarding various subjects relating to trade and shipping in which the water court held jurisdiction, 1665–1798 (–1810) (22 folders and 11 pieces). Including: * 1591: Documents regarding the lawsuit between W.J. van Otterloo and Tade Hendriks concerning the transportation of wood to St. Petersburg, 1773 (1 folder). * 1595: Documents regarding the conscation of goods at Stralsund because of a debt of the skipper, 1783 (1 folder).

Voluntary justice •

1604–1624: Registers of ship’s, water or building certicates (scheeps-, water- of bijlbrieven), 1657–1811 (25 volumes and 1 folder).

Accessibility “Inventaris van de oud-rechterlijke archieven van Dordrecht”; also available online at the repository’s website. Indices on the decisions of the Court and the Old Council (nos. 10–23) are accessible in the repository’s reading room. Record creator / provenance The town of Dordrecht was the main town in Holland in the fourteenth and early fteenth century, but subsequently declined in importance due to competition from towns like Antwerp, Rotterdam and Amsterdam. From an entrepot for international trade in the fourteenth century, helped by the

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staple rights on all trade going up and down the main rivers in Holland, it became a centre for regional trade from the sixteenth century. Dordrecht never specialised in Baltic Sea trade, although some commerce with this region did take place. The town traded mainly in Rhinewine. Besides that shipbuilding took place.

Town Archives, the Count’s Period Record group Town Archives, the Count’s Period Stadsarchief, de grafelijke tijd Reference code :1 Period : 1200–1610 Extent : 686 items, 27.3 metres Abstract These archives consist of the remaining administration of the various bodies of the town council of Dordrecht until 1572. Included are documents regarding the Old Council, treasury, pensionary, representatives at the States of Holland and the Councils of Twelve and Eight. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1252–1610 : Denmark, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the pealbooks and by-laws of the old council, which include resolutions and ordinances regarding shipping and trade, the harbour and the market (although there are only a few references to the Baltic Sea area), documents regarding staple rights and tolls, and accounts regarding the harbour. OUDRAAD (OLD COUNCIL) Correspondence •

2: Incoming letters, 1271–1572 (2 folders).

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Pealbooks (Klepboeken) These pealbooks not only contain decisions of the council proclaimed by pealing the bell from the town hall (per campanam), but also sentences of the aldermen, conveyance of houses etc. • •

4–11: Klepboeken and notes regarding these, 1383–1489, 1503, 1509–1510 (4 volumes, 3 folders, 1 piece). 12: Register of by-laws, ordinances and proclamations, 1555–1610 (1 volume).

Privileges • •

85: Charter of Charles V regulating the payment of toll and freedom from toll on foreign grain, 1531 (1 piece). 140: Charter in which Charles V gives permission to levy the expenses necessary for the deepening of the harbour on the inhabitants of Dordrecht and South-Holland, 1525 (1 charter).

By-laws •

202: Register with notes on the by-laws regarding the watergerecht (water court), 1439 (1 volume).

Meuse rights The Dordrecht Meuse staple rights (1338–sixteenth century) involved all cogs and ships from Oestlant sailing up the Meuse having to unload and sell their goods in Dordrecht. •

362–376: Various documents concerning Dordrecht’s Meuse rights and disputes about these rights with other Dutch towns, 1499–1571 (15 pieces, 5 charters). Including: * 374: Warrant of the stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland and Friesland regarding a ship sailing up the Meuse from Hamburg to Rotterdam bypassing the staple in Dodrecht, 1534, with appendix (1 charters, 1 piece).

Tolls •

377: Instructions for the publicans in Holland and Zeeland, 1469 (1 piece).

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378: Judgement of the Court of Holland regarding the upholding of the ordinance regarding the levying of tolls, 1502 (1 piece). 386: Report of a testimony regarding the payment of the Lübeck toll by Dordrecht burghers shipping wheat, 1485 (1 piece).

TREASURY (Treasury) Accounts of the harbour masters •

485, 486: Accounts of the harbour masters regarding expenses for the deepening of the harbours, 1452, 1461–1462 (2 volumes).

TOWN REPRESENTATIVES AT THE PROVINCIAL MEETINGS (Gedeputeerden ter dagvaart) • •

602, 603: Documents regarding the meetings of the States of Holland, 1566–1572 (2 folders). 605: Incoming letters of the town council concerning the estimation of costs for the return of the delegates from Denmark, 1522 (1 piece).

By-laws and ordinances • •

• • •

649–655: Registers of by-laws and ordinances, fteenth century (7 volumes). 656–667: Registers of by-laws and ordinances (with no. 661 including notes regarding trade to Lübeck, 1566), sixteenth century (10 volumes, 1 folder, 1 quire). 668–679: Registers of by-laws and ordinances, seventeenth century (11 volumes, 1 folder). 680–685: Registers of by-laws and ordinances, eighteenth century (5 volumes, 1 quire). 686: Ordinances (copies), 1252–1560 (1 folder).

Accessibility J.L. van Dalen, Inventaris van de stadsarchieven, de grafelijke tijd (Dordrecht, 1909); also available online at the repository’s website. Indices on the incoming letters (no. 2), the pealbooks (nos. 4–9), and the register of by-laws (no. 12) are available on microche in the repository’s reading room.

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Record creator / provenance Dordrecht was the main town in Holland in the fourteenth and early fteenth century, but subsequently declined in importance due to competition from towns like Antwerp, Rotterdam and Amsterdam. From an entrepot for international trade in the fourteenth century, helped by the staple rights on all trade going up and down the main rivers in Holland, it became a centre for regional trade from the sixteenth century on. Dordrecht never specialised in Baltic Sea trade, although some commerce with this region did take place. The town traded mainly in Rhinewine. In addition, shipbuilding took place. Copies The pealbooks and the register of by-laws (nos. 4–12) are available on microche. Related materials •

Town Archives, the Period of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (reference code: 3).

Publications Some of the by-laws and ordinances are published in: • •

Fruin, J.A., De oudste rechten der stad Dordrecht en van het baljuwschap van Zuidholland, 2 Vols. (The Hague, 1882). Wall, Pieter Hendrik van de, Handvesten, privilegien, vrijheden, voorregten, octrooijen en costumen; mitsgaders sententies, verbonden, overeenkomsten en andere voorname handelingen der stad Dordrecht (Dordrecht, 1790).

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Town Archives, the Period of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands Record group Town Archives, the Period of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands Stadsarchief, de tijd van de Republiek van de Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden Reference code :3 Period : 1571–1795 Extent : 5128 items, 151.75 metres Abstract This collection consists of the remaining administration of the various bodies of the town council of Dordrecht in the period from 1571 to 1795. Included are documents regarding the Old Council, burgomasters, aldermen, secretary, representatives at the States of Holland, Councils of Eight and of Forty, pensionary and treasury, and papers regarding taxes, tolls, education, military matters, church matters, coinage, etc. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1367–1802 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are some resolutions and ordinances of the various town bodies and of the States of Holland and the States General, which include decisions on the harbour, trade and shipping, the market and diplomatic missions. Also important are correspondence regarding these subjects and some accounts regarding the harbour, the transfer of ships and the import of grain. GENERAL DOCUMENTS •

•

14–27: Pealbooks (klepboeken), containing not only decisions of the council proclaimed by pealing the bell from the town hall (per campanam), but also sentences of the aldermen, conveyance of houses, etc., 1580–1802 (14 volumes). 28–31a: Statutebooks (keurboeken), registers of by-laws, ordinances, resolutions and proclamations, 1571–1787 (5 volumes).

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OLD COUNCIL (OUDRAAD) • •

349–358: Incoming and outgoing correspondence, 1583–1794 (8 volumes, 2 folders). 524–534: Various documents regarding the deepening of the harbour, 1640–1781 (11 pieces, 2 folders).

BURGOMASTERS • • •

• •

910: Act in which the use of pilots near Strijenas is arranged with the sheriff, steward and burgomasters of Niervaart, undated (1 piece). 912: Acts in which statements are made regarding the unlawful operations of Dordrecht pilots, 1699 (3 pieces). 931: Incoming letter of the Admiralty op de Maze regarding the proposal to let sea vessels in need sail as far as behind the Dordrecht island (het Eiland van Dordrecht), 1753 (1 piece). 933: Outgoing letter of the Admiralty op de Maze regarding the port of refuge near the outer sleuce (Buitensluis), 1753 (1 piece). 936b: Resolutions of the burgomasters and aldermen regarding the promotion of the import and export of gold and silver from and to Prussia, 1778 (1 piece).

SECRETARY •

1133–1147: Accounts and justication of the legal dues for the transfer of houses, ships, etc., 1702–1797 (3 volumes).

TOWN REPRESENTATIVES AT THE PROVINCIAL MEETINGS (GEDEPUTEERDEN TER DAGVAART) • •

•

•

1164–1192: Documents regarding the meetings of the States of Holland, 1586–1794 (50 unordered boxes). 1196–1211: Registers of letters and reports to the town council regarding the subjects dealt with at the States’ meetings, 1755–1795 (9 volumes, 7 bundles). 1212–1570: Resolutions of the States of Holland (partly printed), 1524–1795 (357 volumes and 5 folders), with indices (printed) in nos. 1571–1588, 1524–1790 (18 volumes). 1589–1604: Secret resolutions of the States of Holland (printed), 1653– 1790 (16 volumes), with indices (printed) in nos. 1605–1606, 1693–1751 (2 volumes).

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1607–1718: Resolutions of the States General, 1692–1793 (1 bundle, 111 volumes).

TREASURY (THESAURIE) • •

2803: Lists of paid harbour and town dues, undated (1 bundle). 3342–3369: Accounts and justication of the receipts for the deepening of the harbour, 1761–1790 (28 pieces).

TAXES • • •

4572–4574: Accounts and justication of the receipts from the brokerage of grain, 1598–1622 (3 volumes). 4575–4603: Accounts and justication of the receipts of lastage on imported grain, 1602–1636 (29 volumes). 4621–4627: Accounts and justication of the receipts of extraordinary harbour dues, 1717–1787 (3 pieces, 4 volumes).

COINAGE •

4800–4805: Various documents regarding coinage, 1367–1705 (4 pieces, 1 volume, 1 folder).

Accessibility J.L. van Dalen, Inventaris van de stadsarchieven, de tijd van de Republiek van de Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden (Dordrecht, 1933), also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance Dordrecht was the main town in Holland in the fourteenth and early fteenth century, but subsequently declined in importance due to competition from towns like Antwerp, Rotterdam and Amsterdam. From an entrepot for international trade in the fourteenth century, helped by the staple rights on all trade going up and down the main rivers in Holland, it became a centre for regional trade from the sixteenth century on. Dordrecht never specialised in Baltic Sea trade, although some commerce with this region did take place. The town traded mainly in Rhinewine. In addition, shipbuilding took place.

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Copies The rst pealbook (no. 14) is available on microche at the repository’s reading room. Related materials •

Town Archives, the Count’s Period (reference code: 1).

Vriesendorp Family and Related Families Record group Vriesendorp Family and Related Families Familie Vriesendorp en aanverwante geslachten Reference code : 294 Period : 17th–20th centuries Extent : 103 items, 21 metres Abstract This collection consists of the remaining administration of ve rms of the Vriesendorp family and related families. Included are the correspondence, nancial administration and documents regarding the management of the rms “Vriesendorp & Morjé” and succesors, “Vriesendorp & Onder de Linden”, “Jacob Vriesendorp”, “Vriesendorp & Kouwens” and “Vriesendorp & Kist” (trading company in colonial goods). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1739–1809 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the archives of the rm “Vriesendorp & Morjé” and its successors, timber traders, and of the rm “Jacob Vriesendorp”, a shipping company.

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FIRM VRIESENDORP & MORJÉ AND LEGAL SUCCESSORS General Administration • •

1 (–6): Correspondence copybooks, 1739–1759 (1804–1856) (1 volume). 7: Letters received by the rm Hendrik Vriesendorp & son, 1754–1803 (1 folder).

Financial Administration • • • • • • • •

17–19, 21–23: Ledgers, 1739–1809 (6 volumes), with indices in nos. 46–49, 1739–1809 (4 volumes). 24–26: Journals of receipts and expenses, 1739–1809 (3 volumes). 27–35: Cashbooks, 1739–1809 (9 volumes). 36: Daybook, 1797–1809 (1 volume). 37–39: Books of debtors, 1743–1804 (3 volumes), with index of no. 39 in no. 51, 1795–1804 (1 volume). 40: Current account of the rm Hendrik Vriesendorp & Son, 1756–1803 (1 folder). 43: Receipts, 1755–1815 (1 bundle). 52: Subject index on the nancial administration, undated (1 folder).

Management • • •

53: Purchase book, 1743–56 (1 volume). 54, 55: Sales books, 1750–1804 (2 volumes). 57: Announcements of auctions of timber stored in the warehouses and on the grounds of the rm in Dordrecht, 1775–1854 (1 folder).

FIRM JACOB VRIESENDORP General Administration • • •

73: Letters received by the rm regarding the uitschip (ship) Vrede en Vrijheid, 1782–1792 (1 folder). 74–75: Correspondence copybooks, 1785–1798 (2 volumes). 76: Letters received by the rm regarding some business transactions, 1792–1794 (1 folder).

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Particular subjects Management of movable and immovable goods • • •

77: Private deed of authorisation by the shipowners of the uitschip Vrede en Vrijheid to Jacob Vriesendorp to sell it, 1782 (1 piece). 78–80: Various documents regarding the freighting and sale of the ship Berlijn, 1782–1784 (3 pieces and 1 folder). 82: Notarial deed regarding the sale of the fregat Anthonia, 1791 (1 piece).

Financial Administration • • • • • •

•

84: Ledger, 1794–1804 (1 volume), with indices in no. 92, 1794–1804 (1 volume). 85: Journal of receipts and expenses, 1794–1804 (1 volume). 86, 87: Daybooks, 1768–1802 (2 volumes). 88: Account and justication by Jacob Vriesendorp regarding some business transactions, 1777–1794 (1 folder). 89: Current account regarding the uitschip Berlijn, 1782 (1 piece). 90: Receipts of payments regarding sea voyages by Jacob Vriesendorp to the shipowners of the uitschip Vrede en Vrijheid, 1782–1794 (1 bundle). 91: Receipts of payments by Jacob Vriesendorp regarding various sea voyages, 1790–1809 (1 folder).

Management •

93–95: Registers of receipts and expenses regarding various ships, 1774–1786, 1778–1790 and 1779–1804 (3 volumes).

Accessibility T.J. de Bruin, Inventaris van de archieven van de Firma ‘Vriesendorp & Morjé’ en haar opvolgers in rechte 1739–1909, Firma ‘Vriesendorp & Onder de Linden’ 1712–1728, Firma ‘Jacob Vriesendorp’ 1768–1809, Firma ‘Vriesendorp & Kouwens’ 1798–1808 en de Maatschappij van negotie in koloniale waren Firma Vriesendorp & Kist 1806–1813 (Dordrecht, 1987), with introduction (in Dutch); also available online at the repository’s website.

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Record creator / provenance Hendrik Vriesendorp (1705–1788) started a timber company with his brotherin-law Isaac Morjé in 1738. They transported the timber from the Baltic Sea region themselves. In 1757 Morjé withdrew from the company and his share was taken over by Nicolaas Kool. Until 1781 the rm was called “Vriesendorp & Kool”. In 1781 Hendrik’s son Jacob (1748–1808) became a partner in the rm, resulting in the name “Vriesendorp & Son”. Jacob was also active in his own shipping company called “Jacob Vriesendorp”.

REGIONAL ARCHIVES NORTH-WEST VELUWE: LOCATION ELBURG Streekarchivariaat Noordwest-Veluwe: locatie Elburg Elburg www.streekarchivariaat.nl

Old Judicial Archives of Elburg Record group Old Judicial Archives of Elburg Oud Rechterlijk Archief van Elburg Reference code : not applicable Period : 1444–1811 Extent : 160 items, 12.5 metres Abstract The judicial archives of the town of Elburg (in the province of Gelderland) consists of the remaining administration of the town courts in cases of criminal, civil and voluntary justice until 1810.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1442–1748 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are mainly the protocols pertaining to civil cases. In these, legal matters between merchants, or between merchants and skippers, can be found. Some merchants and sailors may also have been involved in criminal cases. CRIMINAL LAW •

4 (–5): Criminalia, protocol of criminal cases, 1549, 1558–1748 (–1809) (1 bundle).

CIVIL LAW • • • • • •

23–45 (–48): Gerichtssignaat, protocol of civil cases, 1465–1617 (–1811) (23 volumes). 50: Appendices to the Gerichtssignaat, 1465–1617 (1 bundle). 51: Fragments of judicial acts, 1442–1467, 1532 (1 folder). 52: Liber sententiarum anno XvcLI, includes sentences from 1551–1562 and 1580–1587 (1 volume). 54–56 (–82): Case les regarding civil cases, 1537–1630 (–1804) (3 bundles). 83–86 (–92): Case les regarding civil cases, undated and 1465–1640 (–1809) (4 bundles).

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at the repository’s website. Publications •

Kranenburg-van der Beek, E., Transcriptie op het “Liber Sententiarum 1551–1587” (Elburg, 2000).

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Town Archives of Elburg Record group Town Archives of Elburg Stadsarchief Elburg Reference code : not applicable Period : 1320–1813 Extent : 2084 items, 29.5 metres Abstract These archives contain the remaining administration of the town council of Elburg in the province of Gelderland up to 1813, when the organisation of the government changed. Included are the general and nancial administration and documents and registers concerning population, provincial and state matters, church matters, education, trafc and trade, public order, town planning and military matters. The collection also contains the archives of the sworn community, that of the maire Elburg and deposited archives of the town’s social institutions, guilds and the loan ofce. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1351–1810 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the town council’s resolutions and by-laws, which contain information on decisions regarding shipping and trade, the market and the harbour. Also important is the council’s correspondence, which contains letters with regard to (Baltic Sea) trade and diplomatic relations. Elburg merchants and immigrants may be found in the population section, while information on journeys of diplomats may be found in the town accounts. Elburg’s role as a member of the Hanseatic League is recorded under the heading “trade and trafc”, and some information can also be found concerning the harbour and the skippers’ guild.

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RECORDS OF THE TOWN COUNCIL UNTIL 1810 General administration • •

• •

12: Drafts of resolutions, 1579–1580 and 1596–1797 (1 volume and 1 bundle). 15–206 (–369): Incoming documents, 1351–1625 (–1810) (10 charters, 5 pieces and 188 folders). Including: * 182: Among other papers several charters by Danish kings regarding the Hanseatic League from the fteenth and sixteenth centuries, as appendices to a document from 1601. 370: Drafts of outgoing documents, fourteenth century–1810 (2 bundles). 394: Chronicle of Elburg until 1593 (draft), and notes on occurrences in the town, 1566–1593 (1 folder).

By-laws and ordinances • •

427a: By-laws of the town of Elburg, c. 1467 with later additions (1 volume). 436: Ordinance concerning the tarriff of bootschuivers, responsible for the loading and unloading of ships, c. 1620 (1 piece).

Population • •

481: Lists of names of new burghers, 1582 and 1584 (2 pieces). 482: Lists of names of a selection of burghers, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (1 folder).

Financial administration •

944–1045 (–1167): Accounts of the town’s treasurers (stadsrentmeesters) and appendices to the accounts, 1441–1626 (–1810) (ca. 49 quires, 31 pieces, 20 volumes, 18 folders and 4 charters).

Trade and trafc Elburg as a member of the Hanseatic League •

1510: Charter of the king of Sweden granting a vitte on Scania to the town of Elburg, 1368, and a vidimus of a charter from 1444, in which

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• • • • • •

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the king of Denmark returns his vitte to the town, 1445 (2 charters (regest 35, 254 and 257)). 1512: Letter of attorney from Elburg to the town of Arnhem to represent it at the Hanseatic meeting in Lübeck, 1564, copy (1 piece (regest 1157)). 1513: Minutes of a meeting of Gueldrian Hanseatic towns and Deventer, at Arnhem, 1604 (1 quire). 1515: Minutes of a Hanseatic meeting held in Wesel, 1554, copy (1 quire). 1516: Points of objection against a proposed new league of Hanseatic towns, 1579 (1 piece (fragment)). 1517: Union concluded between several Hanseatic towns, 1598, copy (1 quire). 1518: Treaties concluded between the States General, several German princes and the town of Lübeck, 1613, copies (2 quires). 1519: Account of negotiations between representatives of the States General and the “eastern” Hanseatic towns and a union between the United Provinces and these towns, 1615–16 (1 folder).

Miscellaneous • • •

1532: Extracts from the shipping and ferry ordinances of the town of Harderwijk, 1581–1593 (1 folder). 1535: Ordinance regarding the sailing of skippers, laid down by the Elburg aldermen, 1591 (1 piece). 1537: Extract from the printed ordinance of the town of Harderwijk regarding ships’ freights, c. 1595 (1 folder).

Town property Harbour • •

1549: Account of daily wages and other expenses regarding harbour works, 1443 (1 quire). 1550: Request of the Elburg council to the States of Holland for a subsidy to reinforce the harbour, with a reply granting 200 guilders, 1585 (1 piece).

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DEPOSITED ARCHIVES Guilds •

1737: Lists of new members of the skippers’ guild, 1606 and 1612 (2 pieces).

Accessibility A.J. van der Ven, “Inventaris van het stadsarchief Elburg, 1320–1813” (1932); also available online (with introduction in Dutch) at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance The town of Elburg was situated in the duchy of Guelders. Like the other trading towns in the east of the Netherlands, it was a member of the Hanseatic League. Although the town never reached the greatness of towns like Kampen, Deventer and Zutphen, it did conduct trade with the Baltic Sea region from at least 1332 and was granted a vitte on Scania by the Swedish king in 1368. Due to conicts and turmoil in the east of the Netherlands in the sixteenth century, trade declined. By c. 1625, trade to the Baltic Sea would have ended, as it had in the other towns in the area. Publications •

Van Meurs, P.A.N.S. van, Geschiedenis en rechtsontwikkeling van Elburg (Utrecht, 1885); including the 1467 by-laws (no. 427a).

Several of the medieval accounts have been published either on paper (1441, 1445, 1447, 1453) or online (1443, 1451/1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1461, 1462, 1470, 1471).

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REGIONAL ARCHIVES MIDDLE-HOLLAND Streekarchief Midden-Holland Gouda www.groenehartarchieven.nl/middenholland.asp

Old Archives of Gouda Record group Old Archives of Gouda Oud Archief van Gouda Reference code : not applicable Period : 1311–1815 Extent : 3952 items, 244.63 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the town of Gouda up to 1815. It includes the town’s general and nancial administration, and documents regarding the town as a member of the provincial and national governments, personnel, property, population, trade, trafc and industry, public works, military matters, public order, health, charity, education, church matters and water management. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1566–1754 : Germany, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

As Gouda is not a sea port, only two items are relevant: • •

2403: Documents regarding shipping to Hamburg and Altona, 1752–1754 (1 folder). 2409: Documents regarding shipping to the Baltic Sea, 1566–1567 (1 folder).

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1067

Accessibility J.E.J. Geselschap and B.J. van der Saag, Inventaris van het oud-archief van Gouda (Gouda, 1965, revised 2000–2003); also available online at the repository’s website.

GRONINGEN ARCHIVES Groninger Archieven Groningen www.groningerarchieven.nl

Register Feith-Documents Belonging to the Town Archives of Groningen Record group Register Feith-Documents Belonging to the Town Archives of Groningen Register Feith-stukken behorend tot het Stadsarchief Groningen Reference code : 2041 Period : 1594–1815 Extent : 2238 items Abstract This record group consists of records from the town archives of Groningen that named in the registers compiled by H.O. Feith in the second half of the nineteenth century. It includes documents regarding a large number of subjects concerning the town of Groningen and the States of Groningen and the Ommelanden. Most of the documents are copies.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1596–1762 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant with regard to trade, shipping and diplomatic relations between the Dutch Republic and the Baltic Sea region are the following: •

• •

•

•

•

• • • •

• • •

12: Letter by the Dokkum council to the States of Groningen and the Ommelanden regarding the placement of sea tuns and beacons in the Scholbach and on the Ooch, 1596. 108: Documents regarding the convooien en licenten (a last age for the protection of trade) of 1596 and 1649, 1649. 247: Letter of the burgomasters and council of Cologne to the burgomasters and council of Groningen, regarding a planned Hanseatic meeting at Lübeck, 1603. 281: Request to burgomasters and council of Groningen by Cornelis van Laar to be allowed to become a messenger to Bremen and Hamburg again, with decision, 1618. 413: Letter by the representative of Groningen and the Ommelanden in The Hague regarding peace, victory at sea, and envoys to France, Britain, Denmark and Germany, 1607. 443: Letter by King Christian V of Denmark to Prince Maurits and the States General regarding the levying of tolls on ships and goods, 1613. 445: Letter by the States General to the king of Denmark regarding the abolishment of tolls, 1613. 477: Alliance between the king of Denmark and the States General, 1621. 494: Statements of witness testimonies, regarding the placement of sea tuns and beacons, 1627. 675: Letter to the States of Groningen and the Ommelanden and other documents regarding the payment of subsidies owed to the king of Denmark by the Dutch state, 1668. 676: Letter of ambassador P. de Groot to the States General regarding his misson to the king of Denmark, 1668. 677: Letter of commissioner P. Pels at Gdansk to the States General, 1668. 782: Letter by S.L. Gockinga at The Hague to the States of Groningen and the Ommelanden regarding the war between Sweden, Poland, Denmark and Russia, 1711.

groningen archives • •

•

1069

829: Letter of the council of Groningen to the council at Gdansk, regarding the arrest of a cargo of wood, 1757. 851: Letter of the burgomasters and council of Groningen to the governor in Bremen, regarding a matter between Joh. Frid. Heijdecker and Henrikus Akerma, 1762. 878: Guild roll of the Great Skippers’ guild, 1605.

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at the repository’s website. Related materials •

•

•

Loose Documents Register Feith, Mostly Charters Belonging to the Town Archives of Groningen (reference code: 2044); no. 126 is a copy of minutes (recesse) of a meeting at Lübeck from 1540. High Justice Chamber and other Regional Judicial Organisations (reference code: 136); no. 531 is a letter of recommendation to the king of Denmark for skipper Derick Stoer regarding his journey to Gdansk, 1565. Local Courts in Westerwolde and Bellingwolde (reference code: 732); no. 527 consists of documents regarding the preliminary investigation into the wrecking of the vessel De Vrouwe Henderika on the island Numet in the Baltic Sea, 1784.

Publications •

Feith, H.O., Register van het archief van Groningen, 6 Vols. (Groningen, 1853–1877).

States of Stad en Lande (Groningen) Record group States of Stad en Lande (Groningen) Staten van Stad en Lande Reference code :1 Period : 1594–1798 Extent : 3236 items, 195.36 metres (excluding charters)

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Abstract These archives consist of the records of the States of Stad en Lande of the province of Groningen. It contains the States’ general administration and documents regarding nances, military matters, water management, church matters, the university, the Generality, the admiralty, and miscellaneous. Also included are records from various legal and administrative ofcials of the States. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1595–1798 : Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the resolutions of the States and Representative States (nos. 1–77 and 110–207, dating from 1595–1798) and of the States General (nos. 878–1187), which include decisions regarding trade, shipping and diplomatic relations, the States’ correspondence with authorities and private persons in the province, the Republic and abroad (nos. 232–424) and some documents concerning the Friesland board of admiralty (nos. 1279–1282, 1600–1706). Of particular relevance with regard to trade and diplomatic relations with the Baltic Sea region are the following items: •

• • • • • •

1242–1247: Registers of treaties between the States General and various foreign powers, 1579–1713; no. 1247 includes accompanying correspondence, 1611–1784. 1251: Register of resolutions of the States General regarding the protection of the seas, 1627–1632 (1 volume). 1253: Verbaal (report) of an embassy to Poland, Sweden and Denmark, 1635 (1 volume). 1255: Verbaal regarding negotiations concerning a dispute with the Danish king, 1641 (1 volume). 1256: Verbaal of the extraordinary ambassador to Sweden and Denmark De Witt, 1644–1645 (1 volume). 1257: Verbaal of an extraordinary embassy to Sweden and Denmark, 1645 (1 volume). 1258: Register of resolutions of the States General concerning Swedish and Danish matters, 1644–1646 (1 volume).

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Accessibility W.J. Formsma, “Inventaris van de archieven der Staten van Stad en Lande”; also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance The province of Stad en Lande (present-day Groningen), combining the town of Groningen and its surrounding region (Ommelanden) was formed in 1594, after the conquest of the town of Groningen by the Orangeist armies. In the Middle Ages, the town of Groningen was ofcially part of the Oversticht, the region governed by the bishop of Utrecht, whereas the surrounding region belonged to the largely independent Friesian lands. In the fteenth century, the town of Groningen started to dominate the Ommelanden, and the two were already combined by Charles V and Philip II when the region was added to the Habsburg lands in 1524, before becoming one province in 1594.

Trip Family Record group Trip Family Familie Trip Reference code Period Extent

: 1449 : 1587–1885 : 448 items, 16.46 metres

Abstract These archives consist of the papers of the Trip family. They contain documents of a personal nature of a large number of family members, as well as from many other families. Also included are documents regarding immovable goods and rights of the family in Groningen, Drenthe, Friesland and Sweden, records from the drill association (ecercitie genootschap) called Voor onze duurste panden and miscellaneous manuscripts and printed works. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1635–1883 : Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, High German, Swedish

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Relevant are a few items concerning the claims of the Trip family on the Swedish Crown and the management of their estates in Halland in Sweden: DOCUMENTS OF A PERSONAL NATURE Elias Trip •

7: Documents regarding the sum of money which the Swedish Crown owed to Elias Trip and his heirs, 1635–1700 (1 folder).

Adriaan Trip •

•

•

8: Agreement between the widow of Elias Trip and others on the one side and Adriaan Trip on the other regarding the granting of one-sixth of the claims on the Swedish Crown to Adriaan and his wife-to-be on the occasion of their marriage, 1645 (1 piece). 9: Obligation worth 75596 rijksdaalders, etc., to the account of Queen Christina of Sweden, for the benet of Adriaan Trip, translation from Swedish into Dutch, 1668 (1 piece). 10: Obligation worth 61700 rijksdaalders to the account of Queen Christina of Sweden, for the benet of Adriaan Trip, 1653, translations from Swedish into Dutch, 1668, 1653–1668 (2 pieces).

DOCUMENTS REGARDING IMMOVABLE GOODS AND RIGHTS Sweden •

•

•

300: Account and justication regarding the year 1663 by the rm Catharina Holst and son at Gothenburg to the heirs of Elias Trip regarding the management of estates in Sweden, 1664 (2 pieces). 301: Act of sale issued by Queen Christina of Sweden to the merchant Adriaan Trip regarding immovable goods in Halland in Sweden, 1653, with translations from Swedish into Dutch and German, 1772, 1653–1772 (1 folder). 302: Correspondence by members of the Trip family regarding immovable goods in Sweden, belonging to Adriaan Trip and his heirs, 1764–1883 (1 folder).

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Accessibility “Inventaris van het archief van de familie Trip”; also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance From the start of the seventeenth century, the Swedish government had become increasingly dependent upon the export of copper. Around 1625, the price of copper on the world market dropped, resulting in serious nancial problems. A (temporary) solution was found in attracting foreign credit, giving copper as collateral. Possibly from 1626 on, but denitely since 1627, a loan was raised on the security of copper with Amsterdam merchants Elias (1570?–1636) and Pieter (1579–1655) Trip. Soon, however, the money withdrawn exceeded the value of the pledged copper. In 1629 Pieter withdrew from the business, and his claim and supply of copper were taken over by Elias. The latter tried to gain a monopoly position in the copper export by using his claim and supply of copper, but to no avail. In 1635 he made an arrangement with the Swedish representative Erich Larsz. van de Linden to settle the claim. Of a total of . 991,000, only . 702,000 was redeemed by transferring ownership of the copper to Elias Trip. The remainder would be paid off through the proceeds of the Swedish national toll. This latter arrangement was never carried out, because the Swedish exchequer refused to ackowledge the claim. After several failed missions to Sweden in 1636 and 1641–47 to obtain the money, Elias’s son Adriaan (1620–1648) took the matter up, after having received a sixth of his father’s claim on the occasion of his marriage (in addition to a sixth that all of Elias’s ve children received). After appeals to Queen Christina, it was settled that the gure of . 498,000 would be paid in four yearly instalments from royal funds. Again, this settlement never took effect, but in 1653 . 403,000 of an (again increased) claim of . 592,000 was redeemed in the shape of tracts of land. Although the remainder was supposed to be paid off through the proceeds of sea and copper tolls, only little money was received by the Trip family, despite appeals from several diplomats from the States General and even Johan de Wit. Adriaan Trip in the meantime had become a Swedish citizen and was ennobled, but this did not result in his receiving any of the money due to him. Claims were repeated in 1707 and even as late as 1831/2, but were again rejected by the Swedish exchequer ofce. The tracts of land (or rather the proceeds from the manorial rights of the Crown on the farms on these lands) were situated in Halland in south-west

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Sweden. Since the Trip family members were not the only creditors who were paid off in this way, the alienation of Swedish crown property led to problems in the 1670s. King Charles XI (1660–1697) was therefore obliged to reverse the process and reclaim some of this property. Some of the Trips’s lands were thus also lost. It proved to be difcult to gain much prot from the tracts of land and the division of the rights among increasingly more successors resulted in the administration becoming equally more complicated. The goods were therefore, with consent of the Swedish king, eventually sold to the relevant farmers or other Swedish citizens. Because of the fragmentation of the ownership, this process was slow, and the nal dissolution of the property was only carried through between 1918 and 1932. Related materials •

City Archives Amsterdam: Trustees in the Netherlands of the Goods of the Trip Family in Sweden (reference code: 533).

Publications •

Trip, H.J., De familie Trip (Groningen, 1883); including editions of items 7, 8, 9, 300 and 301 in its appendix.

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ARCHIVES OF NORTH-HOLLAND: LOCATION JANSSTRAAT Noord-Hollands Archief: locatie Jansstraat Haarlem www.noordhollandsarchief.org

Merkman Firm in Haarlem Record group Merkman Firm in Haarlem Firma Merkman te Haarlem Reference code : 244 Period : 1710–1744 Extent : 20 items, 3.75 metres (together with Merkman family archives) Abstract This record group consists of the papers of the rm of Pieter Merkman and sons, and later his widow (Isabelle van Leeuwarden), who manufactured ribbons. It consists of daybooks, cashbooks, registers of salaries, insurance policies and bills of lading, correspondence, receipts, bills and bills of exchange. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1718–1773 : Poland, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, High German

Relevant are mainly some letters from Gdansk regarding the supply of ash. Also important are daybooks, cashbooks, insurance policies and bills of lading of cargoes, and receipts, bills and bills of exchange, which may give more information on the trade in ash.

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24–26: Daybooks of the Merkman rm, 1728–1771 (1 bundle). 27: Cashbooks and journals of the Merkman rm, 1753–1771 (1 bundle). 30: Insurance policies and bills of lading of cargoes of Pieter Merkman and sons, 1722–1760 (1 bundle). 31: Insurance policies and bills of lading of cargoes of Isabella van Leeuwarden, 1749–1773 (1 bundle). 35: Letters from Gdansk to the Merkman and sons rm, later the widow Merkman, regarding the supply of ash, 1739–1767 (1 bundle). 43: Receipts, bills and bills of exchange for the rm Merkman and sons, later the widow Merkman, 1718–1773 (1 bundle).

Accessibility “Bestandsverzameling van de archieven van de familie en rma Merkman te Haarlem”; also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance The Merkman rm specialised in the manufacture of ribbons. They had trading contacts in the West Indies, France, England, Ireland, Germany and Poland. In the latter region they purchased ash. Custodial history The archives of the Merkman family and the Merkman rm originally made up one collection (reference code: 242), but have been split up into two parts: the Merkman family (reference code: 243, inv. nos. 1–23, 44 and 97) and the Merkman rm (reference code: 244, inv. nos. 24–43). Publications •

Vogel, J., Een ondernemend echtpaar in de achttiende eeuw. Pieter Merkman jr. en Isabella van Leeuwarden, de Haarlemse garenlintindustrie (Rotterdam, 1987).

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Notarial Protocols and Deeds of Notaries in Haarlem Record group Notarial Protocols and Deeds of Notaries in Haarlem Notariële protocollen en akten van notarissen te Haarlem Reference code : 1617 Period : 1570–1840 Extent : 4390 items, 232.9 metres Abstract This collection consists of the notarial archives of Haarlem. Included are (registers of drafts of) notarial deeds of various notaries up to 1840. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1570–1811 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the (registers of drafts of ) notarial deeds of the notaries admitted to the profession before 1800 (inv. nos. 1–1568, dating from 1570–1811), which include information regarding the sale of ships, bills of lading and other maritime business. Accessibility Inventory; also available online at the repository’s website. Indices per notary on personal names are available in the reading room. Record creator / provenance The town of Haarlem, located by the Spaarne River in Holland, was an important transit centre in inland shipping between Flanders and the Baltic Sea. Due to this role, the cloth industry, brewery and shipbuilding thrived from the later Middle Ages. In the sixteenth century, forty ships were built each year. Within the Dutch Republic, Haarlem was the second most important cloth producing town. Around 1630 the international tulip trade started to develop, at a time when shipbuilding in Haarlem was in decline. Baltic Sea trade played only a minor role in the town’s activities, as this trade was dominated by its neighbour Amsterdam.

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Retroacts of the Birth, Death and Marriage Registry of Haarlem Record group Retroacts of the Birth, Death and Marriage Registry of Haarlem DTB Haarlem Reference code : 2142 Period : 1578–1811 Extent : 205 items, 8.25 metres Abstract This record group consists of the retroacts of the Birth, Death and Marriage Registry of the town of Haarlem. It concludes the baptismal/birth, marriage and burial/death registers of the Dutch Reformed Church (Nederlands Hervormde Kerk), Walloon Church, Lutheran Congregation, Remonstrant Congregation, Mennonite Congregation (Doopsgezinde Gemeente) and Roman Catholic Church. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1578–1811 : Germany, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

The relevance of this collection is limited, but a random search in the card index of names (see under “Accessibility”) did bring up a few immigrants from the German Empire (mainly Bremen and Hamburg). Accessibility “Inventaris van de kerkelijke doop-, trouw- en begraafboeken en van de schepentrouwboeken, gaardersregisters en registers van collaterale successie van Haarlem” (not yet available online). A card index of names is available in the reading room. Record creator / provenance The town of Haarlem, located by the Spaarne River in Holland, was an important transit centre in inland shipping between Flanders and the Baltic Sea. Due to this role, the cloth industry, brewery and shipbuilding thrived

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from the later Middle Ages on. In the sixteenth century, forty ships were built each year. Within the Dutch Republic, Haarlem was the second most important cloth producing town. Around 1630 the international tulip trade started to develop, at a time when shipbuilding in Haarlem was in decline. Baltic Sea trade played only a minor role in the town’s activities, as this trade was dominated by its neighbour Amsterdam. Copies Microches of the whole collection are available in the reading room. Related materials The Judicial Archives (reference code: 3111) include the (intended) marriage registers of the aldermen (inv. nos. 96, 97, from 1627–1811). The Archives of the Diocese Haarlem (reference code: 275) include more baptismal, marriage and death registers of the Catholic Church (various inv. nos, from 1629–1815). Photocopies of these are available on the rst oor of the reading room. There, photocopies of all the retroacts of the Birth, Death and Marriage Registry of the other municipalities of the province of Noord-Holland are also available. These include the registers from Amsterdam, Edam, Enkhuizen, Den Helder, Hoorn, Medemblik, Monnickendam and Texel.

Schonenvaarders’ Guild of Haarlem Record group Schonenvaarders’ Guild of Haarlem Schonenvaardersgilde te Haarlem Reference code : 1138 Period : 1543–1763 Extent : 2 items, 0.2 metres Abstract These archives consist of the papers of the Schonenvaarders’ guild, which was the guild of the merchants trading on Scania in south Sweden. They consist of a guild register and of a register of guild members.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1543–1763 : Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch

Both items are relevant, as the guild was involved in trade with the Baltic Sea region. •

•

284: Gildeboek, register of receipts and expenses, 1543–1641, including notes on goods, guild brothers, management, etc., up to 1649, and an ordinance of 1416 (1 volume). 285: Register of members, 1594–1763, and of accounts, 1668/1669–1737 (1 volume).

Accessibility G.H. Kurtz, “Inventaris van de gildenarchieven” (1952, revised version 1997) (not yet available online). Record creator / provenance Despite the fact that Haarlem is not a sea port, some trade did exist with Scania and a separate guild was founded for this purpose. The guild’s patron saint was Olaf, to whom an altar was dedicated in the Great Church (the altar has gone, but a painting on one of the church’s pillars still depicts some herrings). In the seventeenth and eighteenth century the purpose of the guild had been forgotten, and it functioned mainly as an association. Custodial history The records of each of the guilds were recently given separate reference codes. Related materials •

Skippers’ Guild (reference code: 1136).

Publications •

Bosch-Nord Thomson, N.H. van de, “Van handelsgilde tot gezelligheidsgilde; het Haarlemse Schonenvaardersgilde”, in: Jaarboek Haerlem (1967), pp. 37–57.

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Skippers’ Guild of Haarlem Record group Skippers’ Guild of Haarlem Schippersgilde te Haarlem Reference code : 1136 Period : 1541–1810 Extent : 23 items, 0.4 metres Abstract These archives consist of the papers of the Great Skippers’ or Inland Skippers’ Guild. They include by-laws and ordinances, registers of members, memorandum books, incoming and outgoing correspondence, lists of skippers and documents regarding shipping on Denmark, England and Hamburg. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1303–1746 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch

Only part of these archives are relevant, since most of the items concern inland shipping. Two items include information on sea shipping, among other places to the Baltic Sea region (Denmark and Sweden). • •

251: Register of privileges, sentences and other acts from 1303–1707, compiled in 1707–1709 (1 volume). 257: Documents regarding shipping to Denmark, England and Hamburg, 1698–1746 (1 bundle) (SA loketkas 2–12–14–n, p).

Accessibility G.H. Kurtz, “Inventaris van de gildenarchieven” (1952, revised version 1997) (not yet available online). Record creator / provenance The Great Skippers’ or Inland Skippers’ Guild consisted mainly of skippers involved in river trade, as Haarlem was an inland town. Some sea trade did take place, however, as can be gathered from the fact that a separate guild

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existed for traders on Scania (Schonenvaardersgilde) and some documents refer to shipping to Denmark and Hamburg. Custodial history The records of each of the guilds were recently given separate reference codes. Related materials •

Schonenvaarders’ Guild (reference code: 1138).

Town Archives Record group Town Archives Stadsarchief Reference code Period Extent

: 1573 : 1581–1795 : c. 2500 items, 16 metres

Abstract These archives consist of the remaining records of the town of Haarlem from 1581 to 1795. They include of the town’s general administration, such as by-laws, ordinances and correspondence, the nancial administration, and documents concerning public works, water management, trade and industry, including guilds, public order, church matters and education. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1563–1795 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, Low German

Relevant are several items concerning relations with Hamburg and Denmark, immigration, maritime dues and the skippers’ and Scania merchants’ guilds. (The store numbers are between brackets.)

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BY-LAWS AND ORDINANCES • •

315: Ordinance concerning the ferry service to Altona and Hamburg, 1702, with additions from 1723 and 1724 (loketkas 7–15–14). 433: Ordinance regarding the Great Skippers’ guild, 1750 (keuren en ordonnantien 13–16).

CONTRACTS •

580: Contract between the governments of Haarlem and Altona, regarding the ferry service between both towns, conrmed by the king of Denmark, 1692 (loketkas 7–15–14).

INCOMING DOCUMENTS •

•

715: Documents with information reported to the town of Haarlem by the States of Holland and West-Friesland, 1581–1795 (kast 13–195 to 268). 716: Collection of publications of the generality, 1623–1795 (landspublikaties kast 14–35y to 364–37y).

TOWN SECRETARIES •

1793: Register of names of persons who have moved to Haarlem from other places and towns, 1701–1793 (kast 13–454 to 456).

RECEIPT OF TAXES AND OTHER DUES •

1874: Documents regarding the receipt of the convooien en licenten (a lastage for the protection of shipping), 1697–1718 (grote lade 6–7–222).

GUILDS Great Skippers’ guild • •

2241: Copies of documents regarding the shipping of people from Haarlem to Denmark and London, 1563–1698 (?). 2248: Documents regarding the ferry service to Hamburg and Altona, 1746 (loketkas 2–12–14–n,p).

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Schonenvaarders’ guild (Scania merchants’ guild) • •

2349: Book of accounts and resolutions, 1581–1646 (gildenarchieven 284). 2350: Register of names of members of the guild, 1609–1763 (gildenarchieven 285).

Accessibility Inventory (not yet available online). Record creator / provenance The town of Haarlem, located by the Spaarne River in Holland, was an important transit centre in inland shipping between Flanders and the Baltic Sea. Due to this role, the cloth industry, brewery and shipbuilding thrived from the later Middle Ages on. In the sixteenth century, forty ships were built each year. Within the Dutch Republic, Haarlem was the second most important cloth producing town. Around 1630 the international tulip trade started to develop, at a time when shipbuilding in Haarlem was in decline. Baltic Sea trade played only a minor role in the town’s activities, as this trade was dominated by its neighbour Amsterdam. Related materials •

Town Council of Haarlem 1245–1572 (reference code: 1574).

Town Council of Haarlem Record group Town Council of Haarlem Stadsbestuur van Haarlem Reference code : 1574 Period : 1245–1572 Extent : 921 items, 41.15 metres Abstract This record group consists of the administration of the town council of Haarlem up to 1572. Included are the town’s general and nancial admin-

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istration, such as resolutions, privileges and accounts, and documents regarding property, legal matters, public order, trade and industry, trafc, water management, public works, external relations, church matters and charitable institutions. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1450–1574 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, the Netherlands : Dutch, Low German

Since Haarlem was not a sea port, only a few items, specically regarding trade, shipping and diplomatic relations with the Baltic Sea region, are relevant. PARTICIPATION IN THE DECISION-MAKING OF NOBLES AND TOWNS IN HOLLAND, LATER STATES OF HOLLAND •

• •

90: Missive of the burgomasters of Hamburg to governess Mary of Hungary regarding the increase in excise on their beer in Amsterdam and the towns on the Zuiderzee coast, undated, with decision, 1555, partly translated copy (1 piece). 95: Agreement between the king of Denmark and the Hanseatic towns, 1560, translated sixteenth-century copy (1 quire). 101: Translations of missives of the Danish king to governess Margaret of Parma regarding the closing of the Sound, 1565, with sixteenth-century notes (1 quire).

JURIDICAL MATTERS Promotion of the rights and interests of the poorters (burghers) •

606: Charter in which Jeroen Cornelisz. and Katrijn Jansdr. stand surety for a sum of 2100 guilders, for which the burgomasters in their turn had provided surety towards the king of Denmark for the benet of skipper Claas Cornelisz. and Marietje Fransdr., owners of a ship rescued by the king from the hands of Gdansk pirates, 1571 (1 charter).

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TRADE, INDUSTRY AND FINANCE Trade •

646: Resolutions of the Hanseatic towns concerning a conict with Flanders, 1450, fteenth-century copy (1 quire).

Industry •

721: Attestation from one of Haarlem’s burgomasters that Lübeck, Hamburg and other foreign beer is not taxed more heavily than was agreed upon in Copenhagen, 1474 (1 piece).

Accessibility Inventory; also available at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance The town of Haarlem, located by the Spaarne River in Holland, was an important transit centre in inland shipping between Flanders and the Baltic Sea. Due to this role, the cloth industry, brewery and shipbuilding thrived from the later Middle Ages onward. In the sixteenth century, forty ships were built each year. Within the Dutch Republic, Haarlem was the second most important cloth producing town. Around 1630 the international tulip trade started to develop, at a time when shipbuilding in Haarlem was in decline. Baltic Sea trade played only a minor role in the town’s activities, as this trade was dominated by its neighbour Amsterdam. Related materials •

Town Archives 1581–1795 (reference code: 1574).

Van Valkenburg Family Record group Van Valkenburg Family Familie Van Valkenburg Reference code : 1571 Period : 1619–1951 Extent : 1088 items, 4.95 metres

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Abstract These archives consist of the papers of the Van Valkenburg family. They include genealogical information, personal papers of various members of the family, and documents of related families. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1620–1620 : Russia, the Netherlands : Dutch

Relevant is an extract from a book of Isaack Bernardt, sharing an account with Emanuel van Surck, regarding trade to Moscovia, 1620 (1 piece). Accessibility O. Schutte, “Het archief van de familie Van Valkenburg” (1971) (not yet available online).

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ARCHIVES OF NORTH-HOLLAND: LOCATION KLEINE HOUTWEG Noord-Hollands Archief: locatie Kleine Houtweg Haarlem www.noordhollandsarchief.org

Court of Holland Record group Court of Holland Hof van Holland Reference code Period Extent

:2 : 1428–1559 : 60 items, 6.15 metres

Abstract This record group consists of the papers of the Court of Holland from 1428 to 1559. It includes copies of the memorandum books of various secretaries of the court, after whom they have been named. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1447–1559 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

The memorandum books (memorialen) include cases regarding the law of wreck of the counts of Holland: • • • • •

19–26: 27–35: 36–38: 39–41: 42–47:

Memorialen Memorialen Memorialen Memorialen Memorialen

Bossaert, 1447–1463 (8 volumes). Van Swieten, 1463–1466 (9 volumes). Poes, 1467–1468 (3 volumes). Sandelijn, 1513–1525 (3 volumes). De Jongh, 1530–1543 (6 volumes).

archives of north-holland: location kleine houtweg 1089 • •

48–58: Memorialen Van Dam, 1543–1557 (11 volumes). 59–60: Memorialen B. Ernst, 1557–1559 (2 volumes).

Accessibility “Plaatsingslijst van de afschriften van de memorialen van het Hof van Holland”; also available online at the repository’s website. Related materials •

National Archives (The Hague): Court of Holland, 1428–1811 (reference code: 3.03.01.01).

Old Judicial and Orphan Chamber Archives Record group Old Judicial and Orphan Chamber Archives Oud-Rechterlijke en Weeskamer archieven Reference code : 184 Period : 16th–19th centuries Extent : 3796 items, 102.1 metres Abstract These archives consist of the administration of the courts and orphan chambers of a large number of localities in the province of North-Holland (Noord-Holland) and some in the province of Utrecht. They include documents regarding criminal, civil and voluntary justice. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1681–1810 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are a few items from the former island of Huisduinen (connected to the mainland in 1597) with the village of Helder, and from the island of Texel. These concern damage to ships and cargo, court cases involving skippers and pilots, and the transfer of ships.

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HUISDUINEN AND HELDER •

•

• •

6669–6673: Registers of requests, mainly from skippers regarding damage to ships and cargo, and other documents, 1780–1782 and 1785–1792 (5 volumes). 6705: Vlot en arrestrol, register of court cases, led by or against skippers, mainly regarding the payment of services or goods, 1681–1792 (1 volume). 6706–6708: Pilotagerol, registers of court cases, led by or against pilots, 1778–1810 (3 volumes). 6762–6763: Registers of transfers and mortgages concerning ships, 1692–1808 (2 volumes).

TEXEL •

6901–6902: Registers of transfers of ships, 1754–1808 (2 volumes).

Accessibility “Inventaris van de Oud-Rechterlijke en Weeskamer archieven, 16e eeuw–1811 (ca. 1850)”; also available online at the repository’s website.

Old Notarial Archives Record group Old Notarial Archives Oud Notarieel Archief Reference code : 185 Period : 1552–1842 Extent : 6099 items, 85.9 metres Abstract These archives consist of the old notarial archives of the localities of the province of North-Holland (Noord-Holland) (excluding Amsterdam and Haarlem) and some from the province of Utrecht. They include registers (and microlms of these) of drafts of notarial deeds of a large number of notaries.

archives of north-holland: location kleine houtweg 1091 Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1552–1817 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the notarial archives of the ports of Edam, Enkhuizen, Den Helder (including Huisduinen), Hoorn, Medemblik and Monnickendam, and of the island of Texel, which include notarial deeds regarding sales of ships, bills of lading and other maritime business. EDAM •

481–728: Registers of drafts of notarial deeds of notaries admitted to the profession before 1800, 1574–1811.

ENKHUIZEN •

808–1488: Registers of drafts of notarial deeds of notaries admitted to the profession before 1800, 1557–1811.

DEN HELDER (INCLUDING HUISDUINEN) Den Helder •

1778–1847: Registers of drafts of notarial deeds of notaries admitted to the profession before 1800, 1702–1817.

Huisduinen •

1889: Registers of drafts of notarial deeds of Pieter Jansz. Ruyck, 1589–1609.

HOORN •

2035–2753: Registers of drafts of notarial deeds of notaries admitted to the profession before 1800, 1552–1812.

MEDEMBLIK •

3153–3372: Registers of drafts of notarial deeds of notaries admitted to the profession before 1800, 1578–1811.

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MONNICKENDAM •

3405–3591: Registers of drafts of notarial deeds of notaries admitted to the profession before 1800, 1582–1811.

TEXEL •

4819a–4942: Registers of drafts of notarial deeds of notaries admitted to the profession before 1800, 1590–1816.

Accessibility “Inventaris van notarissen in het Rijksarchief in Noord-Holland 1522–1842” (1993); also available at the repository’s website. Copies The registers of Edam, Enkhuizen, Hoorn, Medemblik and Monnickendam are only available on microlm, those of Den Helder and Texel are available both as originals and on microlm.

Pilotage North of the Meuse River Record group Pilotage North of the Meuse River Pilotage benoorden de Maze Reference code : 11 Period : 1615–1795 Extent : 186 items, 4.2 metres Abstract These archives consist of documents concerning the pilotage north of the Meuse River, comprising Amsterdam and the harbours north of it, including the islands of Urk, Marken, Texel and Terschelling. Information is generally related to the maintenance of the lighthouses, incoming ships and pilots, beaconage, jetsam and maritime conicts.

archives of north-holland: location kleine houtweg 1093 Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1765–1792 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Of relevance are documents that provide information on incoming ships and the salvage of wrecks, and lists of skippers who have paid the lighthouse and are dues. • • • • • •

• •

•

102: List of skippers who have paid the are dues, 1765–1777 (1 piece). 114: Documents regarding the receipt of are dues in Medemblik, 1775 (1 folder). 116–119: Registers containing monthly overviews of collected are dues in Amsterdam, 1770–1780 (4 registers). 159: Lists of incoming and outgoing ships in the harbour of Texel, 1766–1775 (1 folder). 161: Documents concerning the salvage of wrecked and sunk ships, 1679–1701 (1 folder). 162: Documents concerning the salvage of goods and ship’s gear of sunk and wrecked ships and complaints against pilots, including an index on ship names, 1739–1768 (1 bundle). 163–168: Registers with sentences by the commissaries of the Amsterdam Pilotage, 1745–1776 (6 registers). 171, 172, 174: Documents concerning the transfer of salvaged goods and judicial conicts concerning sunk and wrecked ships, 1769–1792 (3 bundles). 182, 183: Lists of all incoming ships at Texel and through the Vlie, 1783–1786 (1 piece, 1 folder).

Accessibility “Herziene inventaris van het archief van de commissarissen van de Pilotage benoorden de Maze 1615–1795” (1999).

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REGIONAL ARCHIVES NORTH-WEST VELUWE: LOCATION HARDERWIJK Streekarchivariaat Noordwest-Veluwe: locatie Harderwijk Harderwijk www.streekarchivariaat.nl

Old Judicial Archives of Harderwijk Record group Old Judicial Archives of Harderwijk Oud rechterlijk archief van Harderwijk Reference code : not applicable Period : 1453–1811 Extent : 248 items, 23 metres Abstract The judicial archives of the town of Harderwijk (in the province of Gelderland) consist of the remaining administration of the town courts in cases of criminal, civil and voluntary justice until 1811. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1469–1669 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are mainly the protocols pertaining to civil cases. In these, legal matters between merchants, or between merchants and skippers can be found. Some merchants and sailors may also have been involved in criminal cases. CRIMINAL LAW •

7 (–19): Criminalia, protocol of criminal cases, 1512–1669 (–1810) (1 bundle).

regional archives north-west veluwe: location harderwijk 1095 CIVIL LAW • • • •

25–34 (–37): Richtboeck, registers of civil cases, 1490–1635 (–1676) (10 volumes). 38: Fragment of a Gerichtssignaat, a protocol of civil cases, 1469 (1 piece). 39: Appendices to the above Richtboek, 1490–1572 (2 bundles). 69–86 (–128): Case les regarding civil cases, undated and 1543–1625 (–1811) (18 bundles).

DOMESTIC MATTERS OF THE COURT •

248–250: Draft resolutions of the council in judicial and non-judicial matters, 1594–1627 (3 bundles).

Accessibility “Inventaris Oud Rechterlijk Archief van Harderwijk 1453–1811”; also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance Harderwijk is situated on the former Zuiderzee coast in the province of Gelderland. Although the town did not have a sea harbour until c. 1650, it was already involved in the Hanse and in trade with the Baltic Sea region from the thirteenth century. Like the town of Kampen, it specialised in shipping goods for merchants from all over northern Europe. Harderwijk remained involved in the Hanse until the early seventeenth century, but trade had already declined by that time. The new harbour was mainly used in regional shipping to Amsterdam and other towns on the Zuiderzee coast.

Town Administration of Harderwijk Record group Town Administration of Harderwijk Stadsbestuur Harderwijk Reference code : not applicable Period : (1190) 1231–1813 Extent : 60 metres

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Abstract These archives consist of the records of the town council of Harderwijk up to 1795. They include the town’s general administration, such as resolutions, correspondence and privileges, and documents regarding population, nances, public works, public order, trade and industry, including Hanseatic matters and foreign relations, church matters, education and military matters. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1307–1795 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the resolutions of the council, which include decisions regarding trade, shipping, the harbour and the market, the town’s correspondence, privileges regarding Baltic Sea trade, population registers, which may include immigrants from the Baltic Sea region, town accounts, which may provide information on journeys of diplomats, and documents specically regarding the harbour, Hanseatic matters and foreign relations with the countries around the Baltic Sea. GENERAL ADMINISTRATION •

• •

1–21: Resolutions of the council, written pleas and requests of individuals, and decisions in civil cases, 1593–1646, 1650–1694 and 1705–1709 (20 volumes and 1 folder). 22–32: Resolutions of the town council, including correspondence from c. 1740, 1685–1795 (10 volumes). 41–43: Incoming and outgoing correspondence, 1709–1794 (3 folders).

PRIVILEGES •

85–95: Documents regarding the attempts of Harderwijk to maintain its trading privileges in Denmark and Sweden, 1594–1645 (11 folders). Including: * 85: Incoming correspondence, 1596, 1597, 1608 and 1645 (4 pieces). * 86: Letters from the town secretary, 1608 and 1645 (2 pieces).

regional archives north-west veluwe: location harderwijk 1097 * 87: Letters by the burgomasters to the king of Denmark, 1615 (2 pieces). * 88: Trading privileges granted by the king of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, 1316–1594 (2 quires). * 89: Statements by the publicans at Helsingør and Omerack, 1542 (1 piece). * 90: Copy of the treaty between the king of Denmark and the duke of Guelders, 1536 (1 piece). * 91: Conciliatory letters by merchants of Harderwijk, 1594 (2 pieces). * 92: Letters of credence for Harderwijk representatives, 1645 (2 pieces). * 93: Resolutions of the States General, including a toll roll regarding the Sound toll of 1645, 1645 (3 pieces). * 94: Extract from an instruction of the States General for an envoy to Denmark, 1645 (1 piece). * 95: Treaties between the States General and Denmark and Sweden respectively, 1645 (2 pieces). POPULATION •

164, 165: Registers of burghers, 1436–1794 (2 volumes).

FINANCES •

193–458: Accounts of the treasurers, 1503–1794, with a few gaps (267 volumes).

HARBOUR WORKS Harderwijk only got a harbour in 1650, after earlier plans from 1549 and 1595 had had to be cancelled due to a lack of nancial means. For its upkeep, the town council raised some of the excises and levied harbour dues. The harbour was managed by the harbour master. • • •

550: Incoming correspondence, resolutions and requests, 1591–1791 (104 pieces). 552–571: Accounts of receipts of the chief harbour master, 1652–1672 (19 volumes and 34 pieces); no. 571 includes appendices. 573: Specications and contracts concerning the construction of the harbour works, 1649–1784 (38 pieces).

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574: Drawings of the harbour construction, c. 1609–1783 (15 pieces). 576: Technical and nancial calculations, 1648 and 1650 (9 pieces). 579: Receipts for suppliers of poles, planks and woodwork, 1651–1653 and 1666 (15 pieces). 580: Tariffs and receipts of the harbour dues, 1715, 1748 and 1766 (4 pieces). 581: Contracts and accompanying documents regarding the plans to build a sea harbour, 1762–1763 (23 pieces). 582: Proposals, recommendations and regulations regarding the construction of a sea harbour according to plans drawn up by Jan Hamaker of Amsterdam, 1771–1772 (43 pieces).

HANSEATIC MATTERS • •

•

•

• •

•

•

1126–1127: Statutes and ordinances, c. 1370, 1554 and 1557 (2 folders). 1128: Incoming and outgoing correspondence, including agendas of general Hanseatic meetings and correspondence between the Hanseatic towns, the German emperor and the Danish king, 1549–1628 (36 pieces). 1129: Appendices to lost incoming correspondence, includes agendas of general Hanseatic meetings, letters from the king of Poland, the northern German Hanseatic towns and Brunswick, 1518, 1559, 1564 and 1615 (5 pieces). 1130: Letters of attorney and credence and instructions for the Harderwijk representatives to Hanseatic meetings of the Guelders towns, 1539, 1554 and 1556 (2 pieces). 1131: Agenda of a general Hanseatic meeting, 1549 (1 piece). 1132–1134: Documents regarding meetings of the Cologne quarter of the Hanseatic League, including incoming letters, copies of correspondence between Lübeck, Cologne, England and the German emperor, agendas of meetings and minutes of the meetings (recesse) of 1556 and 1603, 1549–1603 (3 folders). 1135, 1136: Documents regarding the meetings between the Guelders Hanseatic towns held in Nijmegen (in 1549, 1554, 1572 and 1576) and in Arnhem (in 1604, 1617 and 1619), with incoming and outgoing correspondence, 1549–1619 (15 pieces). 1137, 1138: Documents regarding Hanseatic meetings at Arnhem of the Guelders and Overijssel Hanse towns, including correspondence and minutes, 1604–1605 (2 folders).

regional archives north-west veluwe: location harderwijk 1099 •

•

• •

• • •

•

1139–1141: Treaties between the Hanseatic towns, and between the Hanse and the bishop of Minden and the States General respectively, 1600, 1612 and 1616 (3 folders). 1142–1144: Documents, reports, travel logs and accounts of the representatives of the Guelders and Overijssel towns to the general Hanseatic meeting at Lübeck, 1615 (3 folders). 1145, 1146: Documents and correspondence regarding the nancial contribution to the Hanse, 1546–1602 (2 folders). 1147–1149: Documents regarding the measures taken to maintain the trading privileges of the Hanse in England, Denmark, Norway and Sweden, 1600–1601, including copies of negotiations with England in 1560 (4 folders). 1150: Copies of privileges granted to Harderwijk by Denmark, Norway and Sweden, 1370–1471 (1 quire). 1151: Incoming letter from Cologne regarding the nancial situation of the Hanseatic confederation, 1591 (1 piece). 1152, 1153: Documents and correspondence regarding Harderwijk’s wish to receive summons to meetings and agendas of meetings directly from Lübeck, 1553 (2 folders). 1154–1156: Documents regarding the letters of attorney for a Harderwijk burgher in Lübeck and Torun, 1307, incoming correspondence, 1388–1638, and an appendix to a lost letter, 1392 (1 charter and 4 pieces).

FOREIGN RELATIONS •

• •

1456: Proposition to the States General by a Danish envoy, with appendices and correspondence regarding military support to Denmark, 1621, mediation by the States General in a war between Denmark and Hamburg, 1630, and a treaty concerning the Sound toll, 1653 (4 pieces). 1457: Copy of a report to the States General regarding a subsidy to Sweden to protect the North and Baltic Seas, 1629 (1 piece). 1458: Letter of the States General to the Russian tsar, 1614 (1 piece).

Accessibility P. Berends, Het oud-archief der gemeente Harderwijk, Vol. 1 (Harderwijk, 1935). Record creator / provenance Harderwijk is situated on the former Zuiderzee coast in the province of Gelderland. Although the town did not have a sea harbour until c. 1650, it was already involved in the Hanse and in trade with the Baltic Sea region

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from the thirteenth century. Like the town of Kampen, it specialised in shipping goods for merchants from all over northern Europe. Harderwijk remained involved in the Hanse until the early seventeenth century, but trade had already declined by that time. The new harbour was mainly used in regional shipping to Amsterdam and other towns on the Zuiderzee coast.

MUNICIPAL ARCHIVES HARLINGEN Gemeentearchief Harlingen Voorstraat 35 (visiting address), P.O. Box 10000, 8860 HA Harlingen (postal address), phone: +31 (0)517–492222, fax: +31 (0)517–412664, email: [email protected]

“Roma”, Mutual Association or “Buidel” of the Skippers, Shipwrights, Coxswains and Crew, (also) Known as House and Court “Roma” Record group “Roma”, Mutual Association or “Buidel” of the Skippers, Shipwrights, Coxswains and Crew, (also) Known as House and Court “Roma” “Roma”, onderling genootschap of buidel van de schippers, timmerluiden, stuurluiden en bootsgezellen, (ook) onder de naam huis en hof “Roma” Reference code : Roma Period : 1634–1815 Extent : 9 items, 0.3 metres Abstract The archives of “Roma”, a mutual association or buidel of the skippers, shipwrights, coxswains and crew of the town of Harlingen (on the west coast of Friesland) contains all remaining material relating to this association.

municipal archives harlingen

1101

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1634–1815 : the Netherlands : Dutch

The whole collection is relevant, consisting of accounts and other registers of income and expenses, and of notes regarding the mutual association of the skippers, shipwrights, coxswains and crew of Harlingen: • •

1–5: Accounts and notes, 1634–1815 (5 volumes). 6–9: Registers of income and expenses, 1680–1793 (4 volumes).

Accessibility H.T. Obreen, Harlingen. Inventaris der archieven (Bolsward, 1968). Record creator / provenance For most of the time during the period 1450–1800, Harlingen was the most important Friesian port trading with the Baltic region. Trade developed in the sixteenth century and from 1550 there was a strong inux in trade with the Baltic. Harlingen commerce was mainly concentrated on Norway and the Baltic Sea. In the late sixteenth century Harlingen’s harbour capacity was enlarged and in 1597 a second harbour was built. Shipbuilding took place from 1595. Harlingen trade still increased in the rst half of the seventeenth century and in 1645 the Friesian admiralty was moved from Dokkum to Harlingen. There was a slight drop in trading activities in the eighteenth century, but according to the Dutch Sound registers from 1721–1764, Harlingen remained the third main player in Baltic trade, behind Amsterdam and Rotterdam.

Shipwrights’ Guild Record group Shipwrights’ Guild Scheepstimmermansgilde Reference code : Sch.G. Period : 1645–1798 Extent : 2 items, 0.3 metres

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Abstract The archives of the Shipwrights’ Guild of the town of Harlingen (on the west coast of Friesland) contain the few remaining materials relating to this guild. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1645–1798 : the Netherlands : Dutch

The entire collection (nos. 1 and 2) is relevant, as it solely consists of charter and account books and accounts of the shipwrights’ guild, covering the years 1645–1798 (2 volumes). Accessibility H.T. Obreen, Harlingen. Inventaris der archieven (Bolsward, 1968). Record creator / provenance For most of the time during the period 1450–1800, Harlingen was the most important Friesian port trading with the Baltic region. Trade developed in the sixteenth century and from 1550 there was a strong inux in trade with the Baltic. Harlingen commerce was mainly concentrated on Norway and the Baltic Sea. In the late sixteenth century Harlingen’s harbour capacity was enlarged and in 1597 a second harbour was built. Shipbuilding took place from 1595. Harlingen trade still increased in the rst half of the seventeenth century and in 1645 the Friesian admiralty was moved from Dokkum to Harlingen. There was a slight drop in trading activities in the eighteenth century, but according to the Dutch Sound registers from 1721–1764, Harlingen remained the third main player in Baltic trade, behind Amsterdam and Rotterdam.

municipal archives harlingen

1103

Town Archives Record group Town Archives Stadsarchief Reference code Period Extent

: not applicable : 1526–1964 : 4977 items, 700 metres

Abstract The Town Archives of Harlingen (on the west coast of Friesland) comprise all remaining material relating to the town’s administration until 1924. They also include the deposited archives of ofcials and boards subject to the town administration. The archives are subdivided into the administrative archives dating from before 1580 (nos. 1–4, 8), from 1580–1815 (nos. 9–1184) and from 1816–1924 (nos. 1185–4099), and the deposited archives (nos. 4100–4977). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1601–1838 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the town council’s resolutions, which contain decisions on the harbour, market, and shipping and trade, correspondence concerning (Baltic) trade, and the register of burghers, which may include Harlingen merchants and immigrants. The nancial registers contain lists of tolls and other dues and the accounts may concern journeys of diplomats. Included are also registers of otsam and jetsam and documentation regarding harbour works, trafc, shipping, trade and business. All materials described below belong to the section of “Town Administration 1580–1815”. GENERAL (1.0 m) • •

9, 10 (–13): Minute books of the vroedschap (council), 1784–1794 (–1815) (2 volumes). 14–33: Registers of resolutions, with indexes, 1609–1795 (20 volumes).

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34–38: Registers of resolutions, 1648–1793 (5 volumes). 39–46 (–62): Registers of resolutions, 1795–1800 (–1815) (8 volumes). 142–148 (–172): Incoming documents, 1658–1800 (–1815) (7 folders). 174: Copies of outgoing documents, 1722–1740 (1 volume).

POPULATION (0.05 m) •

201: Burgerboek, register of new burghers, with indexes on names, 1683–1806 (1 volume).

FINANCES (6.3 m.) • • •

•

•

243, 244: Octrooi and further documents regarding the harbour tax (havengeld), 1664–1808 (1 piece, 1 folder). 247, 248: Octrooi and further documents regarding sluice tax (sluisgelden), 1662–1809 (1 charter, 1 folder). 249, 250, 253 (–255): Toll tariffs, toll lease conditions and toll registers, 1756–1800 (–1817); Harlingen received a portion of the tolls levied between Leeuwarden and Harlingen (nos. 250–252) and between Dokkum and Leeuwarden (nos. 253–255). 297–300: Accounts of the magistrate, 1747–1812 (4 volumes); these accounts concern the correspondentiekas, which was separate from the town chest and from which among other things the deepening of the harbour was nanced. 301–480 (–494): Accounts of the town exchequer (stadsrentemeester), 1607–1800 (–1815) (180 volumes).

LAND AND STATE TAXES (0.5 m) •

•

501–505: Accounts and two-monthly lists of the last- en veilgelden, 1654–1797 (5 volumes); the last- en veilgelden concern ships landing in Harlingen, but also in Makkum, Workum, Hindeloopen, Staveren, Sloten, Munnikezijl, Groningen, Bourtange, Langakkerschans, Finsterwolde, Huisum en Delfzijl. 530: Register of property valuations for tax purposes (goedschatting), including data regarding the occupation, family size and possession of each householder, 1673 (1 volume).

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1105

OPENBARE ORDE (PUBLIC ORDER) (0.2 m) •

689–692: Registers of otsam and jetsam, documents regarding the salvage of corpses and goods and of a ship, 1692–1838 (2 volumes, 2 folders).

PUBLIC WORKS (0.1 m) •

714, 715: Documents regarding harbour works, 1650–1790 (2 folders).

TRAFFIC, SHIPPING, TRADE AND BUSINESS (0.3 m) • • • • • •

798: Mastkraanboek, incomes and expenses regarding the mast crane, 1760–1797 (1 volume). 810, 811: Documents regarding buoyage (betonning), 1713–1790 and undated (2 folders). 812, 813: Octrooi and other documents regarding pilots, 1619–1790 (1 charter, 1 folder). 814–816: Documents regarding shipping, sea trade and sea shing, 1601–1799 (1 folder, 1 piece, 1 volume). 817–824: Accounts and other documents regarding the Loan Ofce, 1627–1799 (4 folders, 4 volumes). 829: Documents regarding the monitoring of the mutual insurance for the skippers and crew of the ship Huis en Hof Roma, 1634–1813 (1 folder).

Accessibility H.T. Obreen, Harlingen. Inventaris der archieven (Bolsward, 1968). Record creator / provenance For most of the time during the period 1450–1800, Harlingen was the most important Friesian port trading with the Baltic region. Trade developed in the sixteenth century and from 1550 there was a strong inux in trade with the Baltic. Harlingen commerce was mainly concentrated on Norway and the Baltic Sea. In the late sixteenth century Harlingen’s harbour capacity was enlarged and in 1597 a second harbour was built. Shipbuilding took place from 1595. Harlingen trade still increased in the rst half of the seventeenth century and in 1645 the Friesian admiralty was moved from Dokkum to Harlingen. There was a slight drop in trading activities in the eighteenth

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century, but according to the Dutch Sound registers from 1721–1764, Harlingen remained the third main player in Baltic trade, behind Amsterdam and Rotterdam.

BRABANT HISTORICAL INFORMATION CENTRE Brabants Historisch Informatie Centrum ’s-Hertogenbosch www.bhic.nl

Van Lanschot Family Record group Van Lanschot Family Familie Van Lanschot Reference code : 200 Period : 1294–1982 Extent : 1422 items, 25.35 metres (excl. charters) Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the Van Lanschot family. It contains documents regarding the personal and public life of several members of the family and of related families, as well as information on their businesses (mainly banking). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1782–1842 : Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch

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Relevant is one item concerning the sale of colonial wares in Sweden, Denmark, France and Holland by Franciscus A.A. van Lanschot (inv.no. 914, dating from 1782–1842). Accessibility Inventory; also available online at the repository’s website. The collection is only accessible to scholars with written approval of the director. Record creator / provenance In 1737, Cornelis van Lanschot started the trading and banking business of Van Lanschot. Initially, he focused on trade in colonial wares, which he bought from the Dutch East India Company (VOC) to sell in the Republic, but also in other places like the Baltic Sea region. In the nineteenth century, the banking section of the business became more prevalent and from 1880 the company solely concentrated on banking.

WESTFRIESIAN ARCHIVES Westfries Archief Hoorn www.westfriesarchief.nl

Collection Birth, Death and Marriage Registers Record group Collection Birth, Death and Marriage Registers Collectie DTB Reference code : 0004 Period : 1572–1860 Extent : 794 items

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Abstract This record group consists of the retroacts of the Birth, Death and Marriage Registry of West-Friesland. The material includes the birth/baptismal, marriage and death/burial registers of the churches and the courts of all the towns and places in the region, as well as registers of members of the congregations and registers of taxes on marriages and burials, and succession rights. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1572–1800 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

As sailors were recruted in the whole of West-Friesland, all of the contents of this collection may be relevant for prosopographical studies. Immigrants from the Baltic Sea region may also be found, especially in the registers of the Evangelical-Lutheran and Mennonite Congregations. Accessibility Jan de Bruin, Inventaris van de doop-, trouw- en begraafboeken van de gemeenten in het werkgebied van het Westfries Archief (Hoorn, 1994).

Notaries in West-Friesland until 1843 Record group Notaries in West-Friesland until 1843 Notarissen in West-Friesland tot 1843 Reference code : 1685 Period : 1552–1843 Extent : 2322 items, 176 metres Abstract This record group consists of the notarial archives of the towns and villages in West-Friesland. They include (registers of ) drafts of notarial deeds of various notaries up to 1843.

westfriesian archives

1109

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1552–1843 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the records of a substantial number of towns and villages, which comprises registers of (drafts of) notarial deeds from various notaris (usually admitted to the profession before 1800). These include notarial deeds regarding sales of ships, bills of lading and other maritime business. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

127–139: Abbekerk, 1671–1787. 222–231: Berkhout, 1660–1732. 808–1488: Enkhuizen, 1557–1811. 1656–1692: Grooteboek, 1661–1804. 1992–2014: Hoogwoud, 1567–1755. 2035–2775: Hoorn, 1552–1826. 3153–3372: Medemblik, 1578–1843. 3403, 3404: Midwoud, 1677–1709. 3872–3876: Hauwert, 1634–1674. 4071–4078: Obdam, 1694–1771. 4144–4147: Opmeer, 1657–1685. 4148–4155: Opperdoes, 1660–1697. 4156: Oudendijk, 1692–1694. 4789–4797: Spanbroek, 1687–1741. 5007–5014: Twisk, 1709–1795. 5080–5083: Ursem, 1766–1795. 5412, 5413: Westwoud, 1661–1713. 5581, 5582: Wijdenes, 1672–1677. 6580, 6581: Zwaag, 1733–1769.

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at: www.archieven.nl. Record creator / provenance Enkhuizen, Hoorn and Medemblik were the three main Westfriesian towns in the period between 1450 and 1800. All three towns were active in Baltic Sea trade to a certain extent, transporting colonial goods and salt to the region and returning with wood and other products. Merchants from these three towns and especially Amsterdam hired skippers and seamen from the Westfriesian villages in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Both the

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towns and villages lost most of their importance in international trade in the eighteenth century. Copies The entire record group is available on microches in the reading room. Related materials •

City Archives Amsterdam: Notaries Public Stationed in Amsterdam (reference code: 5075); containing information related to the seafaring activities of the Westfriesian and Waterland towns and villages, as many Amsterdam merchants hired Westfriesian and Waterland ships and skippers.

Old Archives Enkhuizen Record group Old Archives Enkhuizen Oud Archief Enkhuizen Reference code : 0120 Period : 1353–1815 Extent : 1907 items, 65 metres Abstract These archives consist of the administration of the town of Enkhuizen up to 1815. It includes privileges, by-laws, ordinances, resolutions and correspondence, and documents regarding the town as a member of the provincial government, titles and rights, nances, taxes and dues, public works, military matters, water management, trafc and trade, church matters and education. Also included are papers of various government families. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1443–1851 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

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Relevant are the privileges, by-laws, ordinances, resolutions and correspondence of both the town and the States of Holland, which contain decisions and other information regarding trade and shipping in general, and to the Baltic Sea region in particular. More specically relevant for shipping and trade are the records concerning various maritime dues ( paalgeld, convooien en licenten and other lastages), documents regarding the harbour and guilds, correspondence with and charters from the Baltic Sea region, and the papers of the Haak family, who were involved in Baltic Sea trade. The town accounts are important because of their information on diplomats’ journeys. PRIVILEGES •

22: Register of privileges of the town of Enkhuizen, sixteenth century (1 volume). Including: * Regulation by Charles V regarding a lastage on ships wintering at the port of Enkhuizen, which may be used for the upkeep of the harbour, 1549 (see no. 241). * Privilege of King Christian of Denmark regarding the salvage of Enkhuizen ships and their cargo near Norway, 1509. * Act by the States General to Enkhuizen regarding the paalkist (see titles and rights of the town) and the positioning of tuns, 1578. * Ordinance of the States of Holland that all shipowners and skippers may export their own herring overseas, to sell at their will, 1573. * Letter of the Prince of Orange that the town of Enkhuizen may enjoy the benets of the paalgeld, as the town of Amsterdam has done before, 1573.

BY-LAWS AND ORDINANCES • •

23a–b: Books of by-laws of the town of Enkhuizen, 1639–1770 and 1759–1807 (2 volumes). 24–29: Registers of by-laws, ordinances of the town of Enkhuizen, 1619–1782 (7 volumes).

GOVERNMENT •

33: Resolutions of the council (vroedschap) of Enkhuizen, 1584–1795 (29 volumes); nos. 1950–1952 and 2031 are indices on subjects over 1644–1793, undated (4 volumes); no. 1956 is a list of contents over 1657–1750, undated (1 volume).

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40: Secret resolution and memorandum books of burgomasters and vroedschap, 1662–1795 (2 volumes). 43: Memorandum books of the burgomasters and magistrates of the town of Enkhuizen, 1671–1794 (13 volumes). 51: Incoming correspondence, 1595–1815 (1 bundle). 53: Missive books of burgomasters and magistrates of the town of Enkhuizen, 1603–1815 (27 volumes). 63: Register of ship’s passports, 1653–1794 (1 volume).

REPRESENTATIVES AT THE MEETINGS OF THE STATES OF HOLLAND (GEDEPUTEERDEN TER DAGVAART ) • •

• • • •

83: Notes kept at the meetings of the States of Holland and West-Friesland by Jan Minne, representative of Enkhuizen, 1733–1747 (1 bundle). 84: Minutes of the meetings of members of the Representative States of Holland and West-Friesland in West-Friesland and the Noorderkwartier, 1752–1754 and 1762–1764 (1 bundle). 85: Letters of the representatives of Enkhuizen at the provincial meetings, 1646–1794 (1 bundle). 86: Extracts from the resolutions of the States of Holland and WestFriesland and its successors, 1614–1810 (7 bundles). 87: Minutes of the provincial meetings, by Hugo van Bleiswijk, representative of Enkhuizen, 1772–1806 (1 bundle). 88: Resolutions of the States of Holland and West-Friesland, 1524–1798 (277 volumes); also including indices, 1524–1790 (17 volumes), and secret resolutions of the States of Holland and West-Friesland, 1653–1790 (19 volumes).

TITLES AND RIGHTS OF THE TOWN Paalgeld This was a due for the positioning and upkeep of tuns along the sailing routes through the Marsdiep, Vlie and within the Zuiderzee, and of beacons and re beacons in the dunes. This due had originally been levied by Kampen, who had been taking care of the tuns and beacons in the Middle Ages, but the duty was taken over by Amsterdam in 1527. In 1573 the privilege was granted by the Prince of Orange to Enkhuizen. Collectors of the due were situated in Enkhuizen, Hoorn, Medemblik, Zaandam, Amsterdam, Harlingen and on east Vlieland and Texel.

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•

102–105: Documents regarding a dispute between Enkhuizen and Amsterdam concerning the paalgeld, 1496–1501 (5 pieces). • 106, 107: Privileges by Philips II and the Prince of Orange to Enkhuizen to levy the paalgeld instead of Amsterdam, 1573 (2 charters). • 108: Register of paalgeld and are dues, 1578–1807 (1 bundle). • 109: Accounts of remittances from the fund paalkist, 1688–1703 (1 bundle). • 110: Registers of receipt of the paalgeld, 1742, 1771–1810, 1814–1815 (43 volumes). • 110a: Lists of ships arrived at Amsterdam and the convooien en licenten (a lastage for the protection of shipping) paid by them, 1744–1748 (5 volumes). • 110b: Memorandum book regarding the paalgeld received in Amsterdam, 1755–1817 (2 volumes). • 110c–g: Accounts of the paalgeld received at Amsterdam in 1684, Hoorn in 1681, Medemblik in 1685, Alkmaar in 1680, Edam in 1677 (as well as Hoorn 1726, 1733 and 1739 and some lists from Enkhuizen) (5 volumes). TREASURERS (THESAURIERS) •

111: Accounts of the treasurers of the town of Enkhuizen, 1642, 1661 and 1700–1811 (115 volumes); no. 111A are lists belonging to the accounts, 1746–1783 (1 volume).

FINANCES • •

• •

117: Documents regarding town nances, 1624–1815 (1 bundle). 119: Charter of the council of the duke of Burgundy declaring that the damages suffered by the Prince of Münster in the war between Holland and the duke of Holstein and the Hanseatic towns, will be reimbursed by the land and towns of Holland (including Enkhuizen), 1464 (1 charter). 125: Cashbook for the receipt of convooien en licenten, paalgeld and other dues, 1717–1739 (1 volume). 153a: Register of the collectors of the harbour, guard and cleaning dues of seized ships, 1688–1712 (1 volume).

COLLECTOR-GENERAL •

164: Papers concerning the share of the town of Enkhuizen in the loans to the king of Denmark, 1657–1666 (1 bundle).

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188: Account of Adam Cortleven, collector of the 1,5 per cent on outgoing and incoming goods, 1643–1645 (2 volumes).

PUBLIC WORKS Harbour •

•

238–240: Agreements between burgomasters of Enkhuizen and various authorities regarding the constructing and mending of the harbour, quays and dikes, 1517, 1538 and 1542 (3 pieces). 241: Regulation by Charles V regarding a lastage on ships wintering at the port of Enkhuizen, which may be used for the upkeep of the harbour, 1549 (1 piece).

MILITARY MATTERS •

253: Papers concerning the equipment of two caravels at Enkhuizen, for the service of the Emperor, against Lübeck, 1535 (1 bundle).

TRADE AND SHIPPING •

•

•

•

•

•

349: Documents of the burgomasters and council of Ribe declaring that damages done by burghers of Enkhuizen to burghers of Ribe have been reimbursed, 1443 (1 piece). 363, 364: Letter of the council of the town of Stralsund to the town of Enkhuizen, and act by Stralsund burghers regarding a dispute over the freighting of Stralsund grain by an Enkhuizen skipper, 1492–1493 (2 pieces). 368: Document of the bailiff, burgomasters, aldermen and council of Amsterdam declaring that a burgher of their town has received a party of silver and wool from Enkhuizen merchants, originally owned by Lübeck burghers, 1512 (1 piece). 369: Document of a burgher of Gdansk declaring to have received a reimbursement by the town of Enkhuizen for a pack of Naarden cloth, which was conscated near the Ems by an Enkhuizen ship, 1513 (1 piece). 370: Document of the burgomasters and council of the town of Riga to the town Enkhuizen regarding a dispute between Enkhuizen and a priest from Burtinck, 1517 (1 piece). 374: Documents regarding trade to Oostland, 1645–1742 (1 bundle).

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GUILDS AND TRADES • •

441: Documents regarding the guilds in general, eighteenth century (1 bundle). 458: Documents regarding the shipwrights’ guild, 1618 and 1678 (2 pieces).

PAPERS OF ENKHUIZEN GOVERNMENT FAMILIES • • • • • • •

585: Copybook of letters regarding the trading company of Dirk Haak in Enkhuizen, 1720–1747 (1 volume). 586: Documents regarding Dirk Pietersz. Haak, 1711–1758 (1 folder). 601: Appointment of Andries Pietersz. Haak as collector of the convooien en licenten, 1740 (1 piece). 604: Letters to Andries Haak, alderman of Enkhuizen and collector of the convooien en licenten, 1712–1753 (2 bundles). 605: Documents regarding Andries Pietersz. Haak, 1753 (1 folder). 604: Letters to Andries Haak, alderman of Enkhuizen and collector of the convooien en licenten, 1712–1753 (2 bundles). 728: Letters to Lucas Westwoude, alderman of Enkhuizen and controller of the convooien en licenten, 1716–1728 (1 bundle).

Accessibility C.J. Gonnet, “Inventaris van het archief der stad Enkhuizen” (1892). Record creator / provenance Enkhuizen was the most important Westfriesian town from 1450 to the 1630s, when this position was taken over by Hoorn with regard to trade, and was the largest town in Holland behind Amsterdam and Haarlem in the mid-seventeenth century. The town’s harbour was extended in 1400 and during the fteenth and early sixteenth century the herring shing eet from Enkhuizen grew exponentially. Besides shing, shipbuilding took place, as well as trade. This trade was conducted with the Baltic Sea region, France and Portugal, and with the East and West Indies. One of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) chambers was situated in Enkhuizen. Colonial goods and salt were transported via Enkhuizen to the Baltic Sea, and wood for shipbuilding was imported from that region. In the eighteenth century international trade decreased (apart from the salt trade), but the town remained an important shing centre.

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Old Archives Medemblik Record group Old Archives Medemblik Oud Archief Medemblik Reference code : 0715 Period : 1416–1813 Extent : 1594 items, 83 metres Abstract These archives consist of the administration of the town of Medemblik up to 1813. They inlcude privileges, by-laws, resolutions and correspondence, records of various ofcials of the town (burgomasters, secretaries, treasurers and representatives of the provincial meetings), including accounts, and documents regarding national and local taxes, trade and shipping, guilds, property, public works, military matters, church matters, water management and population. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1438–1813 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the by-laws, resolutions and correspondence of both the town and the States of Holland and other regional and national bodies, which include decisions and other information concerning trade and shipping in general, and to the Baltic Sea region in particular. Also relevant are documents specically regarding trade to the Baltic Sea, the guilds and the harbour. The accounts may contain information on journeys of diplomats. BY-LAWS • •

18a: Klein keurboek, register of by-laws, 1739–1787 (1 volume). 19: Register of by-laws and publications, 1787–1809 (1 volume).

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BURGOMASTERS AND VROEDSCHAP (COUNCIL) • • •

36: Resolutions of the burgomasters and vroedschap, 1569–1795 (20 volumes). 38: Resolutions of the burgomasters, 1680–1795 (7 volumes). 39: Memorandum books of the burgomasters, 1722–1757 (3 volumes).

CORRESPONDENCE • • •

50: Incoming letters of the representative councillors of West-Friesland and the Noorderkwartier, 1573–1794 (9 bundles). 52: Letters from various authorities and persons, 1567–1813 (9 bundles and 9 volumes). 53: Drafts of letters sent by the town council, 1568–1813 (1 bundle and 3 volumes).

REPRESENTATIVES AT THE PROVINCIAL MEETINGS (GEDEPUTEERDEN TER DAGVAART ) • •

•

• • • • • • •

57: Incoming documents from the States General, 1564–1789 (11 bundles and 25 volumes). 58: Letters of ambassadors to the States General, 1656–1669, including letters from Germany (1656–1659), Szczecin (Stettin) and Königsberg (1656–1657), Denmark (1656–1666), Poland (1655–1659) and other countries (seventeenth century) (8 bundles). 61: Correspondence between the representatives at the provincial meetings and the town council of Medemblik, and with other authorities, 1601–1796 (11 bundles). 67: Resolutions of the States of Holland and West-Friesland, 1523–1793 (280 volumes); no. 70 contains indices, 1524–1790 (18 volumes). 68: Written resolutions of the States, 1591–1737 (4 bundles). 71: Secret resolutions of the States, 1669–1790 (14 volumes); no. 72 contains an index, 1653–1751 (2 volumes). 73: Incoming documents from the States and the Representative States, 1574–1785 (2 bundles and 137 volumes). 75: Register of treaties, 1661–1726 (1 volume). 76: Registers of placards regarding national taxes, 1723–1749 (4 volumes). 78: Registers of placards regarding maritime matters, 1689–1754 (5 volumes).

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REPRESENTATIVES OF THE TOWNS OF WEST-FRIESLAND AND THE NOORDERKWARTIER •

84: Minutes of meetings of the representatives, 1578–1666 (2 bundles).

ACCOUNTS • •

148a: Accounts of the burgomasters, 1556–1576 (1 volume). 149: Accounts of the treasurers (thesauriers), 1577–1810 (213 volumes); no. 150 contains appendices, 1591–1813 (59 bundles).

SHIPPING AND TRADE •

244–246 (regest 43, 44 and 46): Duke Philips of Burgundy orders the towns of Hoorn, Medemblik and Enkhuizen to guard against piracy against Prussian ships, 1438–1439 (3 pieces).

GUILDS • •

251: Documents regarding the guilds in general, 1749–1797 (1 bundle). 256: Documents regarding the skippers’ guild, 1728 (1 bundle).

PUBLIC WORKS • • •

308: Documents concerning the harbour of Medemblik, 1626–1794 (1 bundle). 309: Account of the treasurer regarding the new harbour, etc., 1634–1635 (1 volume). 310: Documents regarding a lottery (worth 800,000 guilders), granted in 1781 by the States to the town of Medemblik for the repair of the harbour and the waterworks, 1781–1785 (1 bundle).

LEGAL TRIALS •

336: Documents regarding a lawsuit between some Rotterdam and Amsterdam shipowners on the one side and the town of Medemblik on the other, regarding salvaged goods from ships cast ashore on the shores near Medemblik, 1733–1734 (1 bundle).

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Accessibility C.J. Gonnet, Inventaris van het archief Medemblik (1915) (not yet available online). Record creator / provenance In the Middle Ages, the town of Medemblik was the largest of the three main Westfriesian towns and the rst to receive town rights, but it was soon surpassed by Hoorn and Enkhuizen. Some trade with the Baltic Sea region already took place in the fourteenth century and would continue until the late seventeenth century, when the Westfriesian towns lost most of their importance in commerce. The harbour of Medemblik was enlarged at the end of the sixteenth century and again in the seventeenth, but this did not indicate a rise in trading activities. The harbour was mainly used for wintering ships.

Old Judicial and Orphan Chamber Archives Record group Old Judicial and Orphan Chamber Archives Oud-rechterlijke en weeskamer archieven Reference code : 0003 Period : 1357–1858 Extent : 1705 items, 86 metres Abstract This record group consists of the judicial archives of all the towns and villages in West-Friesland. It includes the administration regarding criminal, civil and voluntary justice and the records of the orphan chambers of each of the localities. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1454–1811 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the records from the towns of Hoorn, Enkhuizen and Medemblik. Important are the aldermen’s memorandum books, correspondence

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and rolls of civil justice, as well as the criminal rolls, which may contain cases involving skippers, sailors and merchants from West-Friesland and the Baltic Sea region. Also relevant are the registers of sales under distress, transfers, mortgages and auctions of ships. HOORN General administration • •

4118: Memorandum book of the aldermen, 1791–1794 (1 volume). 4119: Incoming documents, 1552–1809 (1 bundle).

Civil justice • • • •

4139–4341 (–4346): Aldermen’s roll, 1482–1801 (–1811) (204 volumes and 1 folder); nos. 4347–4354 are appendices, 1584–1811 (7 bundles). 4421–4423: Registers of sentences, 1547–1595 (3 volumes). 4424–4429: Roll of summary proceedings (vlotrol), 1578–1802, with gaps (6 volumes). 4472–4477: Sales under distress, 1527–1811 (6 volumes).

Criminal justice • •

4478–4493 (–4496): Roll of the bailiff (schout), 1459–1801 (–1811), with gaps (16 volumes). 4514–4520 (–4522): Registers of sentences, 1454–1800 (–1811) (7 volumes).

Voluntary justice • •

4569: Transfer of and mortgages on ships, 1712–1808 (1 volume). 4619–4622: Auction books (veilboeken) of ships, 1668–1808 (4 volumes).

ENKHUIZEN General administration •

4838–4840 (–4841): Memorandum books of the aldermen, 1658–1804 (–1811) (3 volumes).

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4842 (–4844): Incoming and outgoing letters, 1739–1800 (–1810) (1 volume). 4845: Incoming documents, 1670, 1768, 1776 and 1795–1811 (1 bundle).

Civil justice • • • •

4865–4874: Roll of the aldermen, 1625–1800 (–1811), with gaps (10 volumes); no. 4899 is an appendix, 1626–1810 (1 bundle). 4877–4898: Registers of the aldermen, 1583–1811, with gaps (22 volumes). 4904–4906: Roll of summary proceedings, 1633–1748 (3 volumes). 4907–4908: Registers of summary proceedings, 1655–1810 (2 volumes).

Criminal justice •

4924–4929: Criminal roll, 1654–1802 (–1810) (6 volumes); no. 4932 is an appendix, 1648–1724 (1 folder).

Voluntary justice •

4949–4980 (–4983): Transfers and mortgages, 1580–1800 (–1811), with gaps (32 volumes).

MEDEMBLIK General administration •

5217: Incoming documents, 1624–1811 (1 bundle).

Civil justice •

•

5222–5275 (–5277): Roll of the aldermen, 1548–1803 (–1811), with gaps (54 volumes); nos. 5278–5279 are appendices, 1563–1810 (2 bundles). 5302, 5303: Sales under distress of immovable goods and ships, 1581–1703 and 1756–1767 (2 volumes).

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Criminal justice •

5305–5315 (–5318): Criminal rolls, 1659–1802 (–1811), with gaps (11 volumes); no. 5320 is an appendix, 1657–1806 (1 bundle).

Voluntary justice • • •

5325–5332 (–5337): Transfers and mortgages, 1770–1803 (–1811) (8 volumes). 5338–5339: Mortgages, 1619–1797 (2 volumes). 5341–5347 (–5348): Auction books, 1668–1807 (–1811), with gaps (7 volumes).

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at: www.archieven.nl. Record creator / provenance Enkhuizen, Hoorn and Medemblik were the three main Westfriesian towns in the period between 1450 and 1800. All three towns were active in Baltic Sea trade to a certain extent, transporting colonial goods and salt to the region and returning with wood and other products. They lost most of their importance in international trade in the eighteenth century. Copies The entire collection is available on microches in the reading room.

Sailors’ Fund Hauwert Record group Sailors’ Fund Hauwert Bootsgezellenbeurs Hauwert Reference code : 1423 Period : 1771–1974 Extent : 11 items, 0.11 metres

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Abstract This record group consists of the remaining administration of the sailors’ fund of the village of Hauwert in West-Friesland. It includes accounts, incoming letters and documents regarding debts and property of the fund. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1771–1868 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the accounts of receipts and expenses (nos. 1 and 2, from 1771–1868, 2 volumes), which give information on the contributions by and remittances to sailors. Accessibility Inventory; also available online at: www.archieven.nl. Record creator / provenance In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, many Westfriesian sailors originated from the countryside. In many villages, therefore, sailors’ funds were founded to insure its members and their families against any damages suffered through piracy, paying ransoms, or other problems at sea. The funds often continued to exist into the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, despite the fact that most sailors had disappeared from the villages. The remaining money was used for charity. Publications •

Boon, Piet, “De Bootsgezellenbeurs van Hauwert”, Jaarboek 1999 Stichting Historisch Genootschap Hauwert, pp. 92–97.

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Sailors’ Fund Hem Record group Sailors’ Fund Hem Bootsgezellenbeurs Hem Reference code : 0499 Period : 1703–1869 Extent : 3 items, 0.07 metres Abstract This record group consists of the remaining administration of the sailors’ fund at the village of Hem in West-Friesland. It includes registers of receipts and expenses and a document regarding the redistribution of the funds’ property to church institutions in Hem and Venhuizen. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1703–1830 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the registers of receipts and expenses (nos. 1 and 2, from 1703–1830, 2 volumes), which give information on the contributions by and remittances to sailors. Accessibility Inventory; also available online at: www.archieven.nl. Record creator / provenance In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, many Westfriesian sailors originated from the countryside. In many villages, therefore, sailors’ funds were founded to insure its members and their families against any damages suffered through piracy, paying ransoms, or other problems at sea. The funds often continued to exist into the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, despite the fact that most sailors had disappeared from the villages. The remaining money was used for charity.

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Publications •

Boon, Piet, “De bootsgezellenbeurzen”, in: Tussen Hondenhemel en Munnickay: schetsen uit de geschiedenis van Hem, Oosterleek, Schellinkhout, Venhuizen en Wijdenes (Andijk, 1986), pp. 26–28.

Sailors’ Fund Oosterblokker and Westerblokker Record group Sailors’ Fund Oosterblokker and Westerblokker Bootsgezellenbeurs Ooster- en Westerblokker Reference code : 0337 Period : 1635–1962 Extent : 26 items, 0.24 metres Abstract This record group consists of the remaining administration of the sailors’ fund of the villages of Oosterblokker and Westerblokker in West-Friesland. It includes registers of receipts and expenses and other items of its nancial administration, regulations, minutes, correspondence and documents regarding debts and the investment of funds. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1635–1960 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the items of administration from before 1800, which provide information on the contributions by and remittances to sailors and the regulation of a sailors’ fund. • • • •

1–3: Registers of receipts and expenses, 1635–1960 (3 volumes). 4: Register of notes of amounts put down by members, 1713–1760 (1 volume). 5: Regulations, 1635, with additions, 1637–1719 (1 piece). 10: Receipts and other documents concerning payments to members, 1734–1791 (1 folder).

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Accessibility Inventory; also available online at: www.archieven.nl. Record creator / provenance In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, many Westfriesian sailors originated from the countryside. In many villages, therefore, sailors’ funds were founded to insure its members and their families against any damages suffered through piracy, paying ransoms, or other problems at sea. The funds often continued to exist into the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, despite the fact that most sailors had disappeared from the villages. The remaining money was used for charity. Publications •

Boon, Piet, “Bootsgezellenbeurs”, in: Blokker toen en nu: jaarboek 2005, pp. 7–10.

Sailors’ Fund Opperdoes Record group Sailors’ Fund Opperdoes Bootsgezellenbeurs Opperdoes Reference code : 0894 Period : 1680–1998 Extent : 35 items, 0.12 metres Abstract This record group consists of the remaining administration of the sailors’ fund of the village of Opperdoes in West-Friesland. It includes a book of resolutions, minutes, regulations, correspondence, cashbooks and accounts, and documents regarding property and shares. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1635–1804 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

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Relevant is the book of resolutions, the regulations and a document regarding the decreasing number of sailors. These include information on the practice of a sailors’ fund in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. •

• •

1: Resolutieboek, includes notes regarding decisions, 1781–1804, a copy of the regulations of 1635, notes and regulations from 1654–1779, and a copy of a notarial deed of 1738 regarding the future of the fund, copies from c. 1780 (1 volume). 4: Typed copy of the regulations of 1635, twentieth century (1 piece). 5: Copy of a notarial deed of 1738, in which, because of the decreasing number of sailors at Opperdoes, measures are taken concerning the future of the fund (1 piece).

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at www.archieven.nl. Record creator / provenance In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, many Westfriesian sailors originated from the countryside. In many villages, therefore, sailors’ funds were founded to insure its members and their families against any damages suffered through piracy, paying ransoms, or other problems at sea. The funds often continued to exist into the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, despite the fact that most sailors had disappeared from the villages. The remaining money was used for charity.

Sailors’ Fund Oudendijk Record group Sailors’ Fund Oudendijk Zeevarende Kas, Oudendijk Reference code : 1382 Period : 1734–1855 Extent : 8 items, 0.12 metres Abstract This record group consists of the remaining administration of the sailors’ fund of the village of Oudendijk in West-Friesland. It includes accounts

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and a register of receipts, expenses and resolutions, and acts of lease of property. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1734–1830 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant is the register (no. 1), which includes receipts and expenses, from 1734–1830, and decisions of the fundmaster and the general meeting, from 1756, 1785–1786, 1806 and undated (1 volume). These provide information on the contributions by and remittances to sailors, and about the practice of a sailors’ fund in the eighteenth century. Accessibility Inventory; also available online at: www.archieven.nl. Record creator / provenance In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, many Westfriesian sailors originated from the countryside. In many villages, therefore, sailors’ funds were founded to insure its members and their families against any damages suffered through piracy, paying ransoms, or other problems at sea. The funds often continued to exist into the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, despite the fact that most sailors had disappeared from the villages. The remaining money was used for charity.

Sailors’ Fund Venhuizen Record group Sailors’ Fund Venhuizen Bootsgezellenbeurs Venhuizen Reference code : 0498 Period : 1706–1874 Extent : 3 items, 0.05 metres

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Abstract This record group consists of the remaining administration of the sailors’ fund of the village of Venhuizen in West-Friesland. It includes a register of receipts and expenses, certicates of registration in the Register of National Debt (Grootboek Nationale Werkelijke Schuld ) and some correspondence. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1706–1830 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant is the register of receipts and expenses (no. 1, dating from 1706–1830, 1 volume), which includes regulations from 1706. These give information on the contribution by and remittances to sailors, and on the regulation of a sailors’ fund. Accessibility Inventory; also available online at: www.archieven.nl. Record creator / provenance In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, many Westfriesian sailors originated from the countryside. In many villages, therefore, sailors’ funds were founded to insure its members and their families against any damages suffered through piracy, paying ransoms, or other problems at sea. The funds often continued to exist into the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, despite the fact that most sailors had disappeared from the villages. The remaining money was used for charity. Publications •

Boon, Piet, “De bootsgezellenbeurzen”, in: Tussen Hondenhemel en Munnickay: schetsen uit de geschiedenis van Hem, Oosterleek, Schellinkhout, Venhuizen en Wijdenes (Andijk, 1986), pp. 26–28.

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Town of Hoorn Record group Town of Hoorn Stad Hoorn Reference code Period Extent

: 0345 : 1356–1815 : 1158 items, 150 metres

Abstract These archives contain all remaining material relating to the administration of the town of Hoorn, both internally and externally (as regards the provincial and central administration), up to 1815. The material includes town chronicles, privileges, council resolutions, charters and by-laws, urban accounts and nancial registers regarding taxes, tolls and rents, correspondence, and documents regarding trade, guilds and industry, church matters, charitable institutions, education, health care, police and military matters, and water management. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1403–1814 : Denmark, Germany, Russia, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are some privileges with regard to Baltic Sea trade, registers of by-laws, resolutions and ordinances, which include decisions concerning trade, shipping and the harbour, the accounts of the burgomasters, which contain information on journeys of diplomats and on public works, the town’s correspondence and the resolutions of the States of Holland and West-Friesland, which also include references to Baltic Sea trade, and documents specically regarding the admiralty, trade and shipping in general, trade to the Baltic Sea, the harbour and maritime dues. CHARTERS AND PRIVILEGES •

84: Privilege of the Danish king for Hoorn to trade to Norway, 1444 (1 charter).

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91: Privilege of Charles the Bold to the inhabitants of North-Holland and Friesland to claim their goods after a shipwreck, 1470 (1 charter). 102: Privilege of the Danish king to Hoorn to conduct trade to Norway, 1511 (1 charter). 119: Copybook of by-laws, privileges, charters, appeasements and resolutions of the council, seventeenth century, with eighteenth-century additions (1 volume). 120–123: Register of charters, privileges, by-laws and ordinances, 1288–1764 (7 volumes). 124–135: Registers of by-laws of the town of Hoorn, 1357–1805 (36 volumes and 1 bundle).

BURGOMASTERS, COUNCIL AND MAGISTRATES • • • • • • • •

149: Registers of resolutions and by-laws of the burgomasters and council, 1529–1613 (3 volumes). 150: Books of resolutions of the burgomasters and council, 1583–1795 (42 volumes). 151: Registers of secret resolutions of burgomasters and council, 1654– 1794 (3 volumes). 152: Books of notes concerning the resolutions of the burgomasters and council, 1600–1795 (6 volumes). 158: Memorandum books of the burgomasters and magistrates, 1565–1794 (13 volumes). 162, 163: Memorandum books of the burgomasters, 1565–1794 (4 volumes). 178: Resolutions of the municipality, 1795–1813 (13 volumes). 188: Book of resolutions, 1795–1800 (1 volume).

FINANCES • •

• •

166: Accounts of the burgomasters, 1464–1791, with gaps until 1600 (140 volumes). 278: Declaration of the bishop of Boghum and other Danes regarding the compensation paid by Hoorn and Enkhuizen for damages done in the “Baltic war”, 1446 (1 charter). 282: Charter concerning Steven Hac presenting a Leiden cloth on behalf of the Holland towns to the knight Bill in Denmark, 1449 (1 charter). 283: Act regarding a reimbursement of damages to Bremen, 1449 (1 piece).

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335: Memorandum of expenses of the treasurers, 1779–1800 (1810) (3 volumes). 336: Accounts of the treasurers, 1651–1616, 1617–1618, 1657, 1666, 1679, 1692–1693, 1695–1696, 1700–1813 (136 volumes). 339: Statements of the accounts of the treasurers, 1688–1722 (27 volumes).

CORRESPONDENCE • • • • • •

170: Register of incoming letters, 1725–1804 (3 volumes). 171: Incoming missive book, 1725–1794 (2 volumes). 172: Register of outgoing letters, 1641–1661, 1666–1795 (9 volumes). 173: Extracts from the outgoing missive book, 1698–1794 (3 volumes). 181–182: Incoming letters, 1795–1813 (1 volume and 2 bundles). 183: Outgoing letters, 1795–1814 (3 volumes).

REPRESENTATIVES AT THE PROVINCIAL MEETINGS (GEDEPUTEERDEN TER DAGVAART) • • • • • • • • • •

•

200: Resolutions of the States of Holland and West-Friesland, 1524–1793 (459 volumes). 201: Index on the printed resolutions of the States, 1524–1790 (18 volumes). 202: Written resolutions of the States, 1633–1642 (10 volumes). 203: Loose written resolutions of the States, 1565–1793 (1 bundle). 204: Resolutions of consideration, 1653–1668 (1 volume). 205: Secret resolutions of the States, 1653–1790 (27 volumes). 206: Index on the secret resolutions, 1653–1751 (2 volumes). 206a: Receuil regarding maritime matters, 1597–1771 (11 volumes). 206b: Receuil concerning maritime matters, 1599–1744 (3 volumes). 208a: Ordinances of the States General regarding the admiralty and the convooien en licenten (a lastage for the protection of trade), second half seventeenth century (1 volume). 207–208: Correspondence between the representatives at the provincial meetings and the burgomasters of Hoorn, 1579–1795 (2 volumes and 1 bundle).

ADMIRALTY •

441: Notes and documents concerning the admiralty, 1525–1793 (1 bundle).

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TRADE, SHIPPING AND INDUSTRY • • •

• •

452: Documents regarding trade and shipping, 1548–1807 (1 bundle). 467: Documents regarding a trial between the sovereign concerning the levying of anchorage, 1548 (1 bundle). 469: Documents regarding a trial concerning the paalgeld (a due for the upkeep of the tuns and beacons in the Zuiderzee) between Amsterdam and Enkhuizen on the one side and Hoorn on the other, 1551 and 1553 (1 charter and 1 piece). 471: Documents regarding the placement of tuns and the paalgeld, 1560–1687 (1 bundle). 475 a: Current account book of an insurance company in Hoorn, 1694–1701 (1 volume).

TRADE TO THE BALTIC SEA • • • •

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476: Agreement regarding the reimbursement of damages by Hamburg to Hoorn burghers, 1403 (1 piece). 477, 478: Documents regarding the measures of Duke Philip of Burgundy against privateering, 1438 (2 pieces). 479: Permission by Duke Philip for Jan Dirksz. to keep a captured ship and its cargo from Lübeck, 1441 (1 piece). 480: Order by Duke Philip to the burgomasters and aldermen of Hoorn to appear in The Hague in connection with the trial against Hans Jute, 1442 (1 piece). 481: Declaration by Enkhuizen on behalf of the Duke that Meijnaert van Hoef may keep a conscated load of beer, 1448 (1 piece). 482: Documents regarding a reimbursement of damages by Hendrik Ramp from Denmark, 1449–1450 (2 charters and 11 pieces). 483: Duke Philip orders to arrest the burghers of Medemblik until the town has contributed to the appeasement with Bremen, 1449 (1 piece). 484: Declaration by Kampen that the delegates of the Wendish towns have not appeared in Holland at the Pentecost meeting, 1454 (1 piece). 485: Decision by the council of Hoorn in a conict between Klaas Heertjes and Jan Hein regarding bulk goods, with statements from Königsberg, 1457–1458 (2 pieces). 486: Agreement between Amsterdam and Hoorn skippers to sail to the Bay of Bourgneuf, Britanny and some Baltic Sea towns together, 1462 (1 charter and 1 piece).

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487: Documents regarding a trial between the widow of Jan Jansz. of Haarlem and the town council of Hoorn regarding the refusal of the widow to help with the conscation of goods of inhabitants of Holstein, 1494–1496 (6 pieces). 488: Memorandum regarding the treaty of Speyer of 1544, various privileges which the kings of Denmark have granted and the Sound toll in 1641 and 1642 (1 volume). 489: Documents concerning the Directors of Baltic trade, 1717–1772 (1 bundle).

HARBOUR •

570: Documents concerning the harbour, 1682–1783 (1 bundle).

MARITIME DUES • • • • • • •

639: Account of the convooien en licenten, 1573–1726 (1 bundle). 640: Account of the convooien en licenten collected in Medemblik, 1712 (1 volume). 641: Documents regarding the last-en veilgeld (a lastage and a de valorem impost on imports and exports), 1631–1731 (1 bundle). 642: Register of the receipt of the last- en veilgeld in Hoorn, 1722 (1 volume). 643: Register of the raised last- en veilgeld collected in Medemblik, 1704 (1 volume). 644: Register of the raised last- en veilgeld collected in Purmerend, eighteenth century (1 volume). 645: Register of the raised last- en veilgeld collected in Edam, eighteenth century (1 volume).

Accessibility C.J. Gonner and R.D. Baart de la Faille, “Inventaris van het archief der stad Hoorn” (1918). Record creator / provenance Hoorn was already involved in Baltic Sea trade in the fourteenth century, when merchants from the Baltic Sea region were actively trading in WestFriesland. These merchants frequented the cattle markets in Hoorn, which were already of considerable importance around 1340. Hoorn merchants were at the same time involved in the cattle trade to northern Germany and

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Denmark. In the fteenth century, Hoorn trade to the Baltic Sea increased and the town received several privileges from the Danish kings. Skippers from Hoorn were active in trade between France and the Baltic towns. Hoorn trade suffered from the conicts between Holland and Lübeck in the late fteenth and sixteenth century, but increased again from c. 1590. In the seventeenth century, a considerable amount of trade was conducted with the Baltic Sea region, either by Hoorn merchants themselves, or as freighters for Amsterdam merchants. The main product imported to Hoorn from the Baltic Sea area was wood. Exported were salt from France, Portugal and Spain, as well as colonial goods, such as tobacco, coffee, tea and spices. In the eighteenth century, some trade in dairy still existed with northern Germany, but Hoorn’s part in international trade was largely played out.

MUNICIPAL ARCHIVES KAMPEN Gemeentearchief Kampen Kampen www.gemeentearchiefkampen.nl

Judicial Archives Record group Judicial Archives Rechterlijk Archief Reference code Period Extent

: not applicable : 1413–1811 : 363 items, 20.2 metres

Abstract The Judicial Archives of the town of Kampen (on the east coast of the former Zuiderzee) contain the registers kept by the different courts active in

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the town: the Schepenbank (aldermen’s court), Schoutenbank (bailiff’s court), College van Justitie (board of justice), and of the Procureur des Konings (public prosecutor) and the Weeskamer (orphan chamber). The main part is taken up by the registers of the aldermen’s court, which was in charge of most criminal and civil cases within the town. The latter three courts were only established shortly after 1800. No notaries were installed until 1811, so all notarial matters were also dealt with by the courts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1450–1811 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant materials are principally to be found in the archives of the Schepenbank (aldermen’s court, stretching 5.5 metres). They include court cases between all those involved in sea trade (skippers, merchants, shipowners, etc.) as well as testimonies and confessions relating to such cases. In other documents (testaments and papers regarding property cases) merchants and foreigners living in Kampen can be traced. The following items are relevant: • • • • •

• • •

2–3 (–5): Liber Causarum, register of pending cases, 1475–1689 (–1807) (2 volumes). 6–25 (–28): Liber Testium, register of testimonies and interrogations, 1483–1634 (–1811) (20 volumes). 29–42 (–51): Liber Sententiarum, register of sentences, 1523–1629 (–1811) (14 volumes). 53–63 (–74): Register of oplatingen (transport acts), also including testaments, 1483–1636 (–1811), with gaps (11 volumes). 75–86 (–105): Liber Recognitionum, register of bails, confessions, authorisations and releases (cauties, schuldbekentenissen, volmachten and overdrachten), 1474–1628 (–1811) (1 folder and 11 volumes). 106–108 (–115): Documents regarding civil procedures, 1515–1647 (–1834) (3 folders). 116 (–119): Documents regarding property cases, 1523–1727 (–1816) (1 folder). 136–155: Register of testaments, 1598–1811 (20 volumes).

In addition, among the documents not strictly belonging to any of the courts, item no. 363 comprises a relevant collection of testaments covering the period 1413–1656 (41 pieces).

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The last Kampen ship to sail through the Sound was documented in 1626 and this date was therefore chosen as the end date for sources on Kampen’s Baltic Sea trade. A random search in the incoming and outgoing letters and documents and in the memorandum books produced no additional archival material and thus conrmed that no more sea trade was conducted with the Baltic Sea area. One source in which a few foreigners from the Baltic Sea region can be found are the testaments until 1800 (see items 136–155). Any names that are found in here can also be checked against the registers of baptisms, marriages and deaths, which are available from the seventeenth century. These can be searched through an extensive index of names at the repository and can also be consulted online in the near future (as regards the baptisms). Accessibility J. Don, De archieven der gemeente Kampen, Vol. I, Het Oud-Archief (Kampen, 1963), with introduction in Dutch and index on names and place names; an overview of the inventory will be available on the repository’s website shortly. Calendars in the series Kamper Genealogische en Historische Bronnen (KGHB) are available of the following items: • • • •

2: K. Schilder, Liber Causarum, 1474–1604 [KGHB, 2] (Kampen, no year). 58: K. Schilder, Transportakten en Testamenten 1479–1484, 1501–1502 [KGHB, 18b] (Kampen, 1998). 106–108: K. Schilder, Civiele Procedures 1515–1555; 1549–1610; 1533–1647 [KGHB, 16a–c] (Kampen, 1997). 136–155: K. Schilder, Testamenten 1598–1811 [KGHB, 20a–y] (Kampen, 1999).

Record creator / provenance The records were created by the various courts active in the town of Kampen: the Schepenbank (aldermen’s court), Schoutenbank (bailiff’s court), College van Justitie (board of justice), and of the Procureur des Konings (public prosecutor) and the Weeskamer (orphan chamber). Merchants from the town of Kampen were already trading in the Baltic region in the mid-thirteenth century, when they were granted privileges by King Abel of Denmark (1251), together with other traders sailing around Skagen to enter the Baltic Sea (umlandsfarae, ummelandsvaarders). Kampen traders were active in trade throughout northern Europe, but are best

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known for transporting goods from western Europe to the Baltic and vice versa, of which the transport of salt from France to the Baltic and that of Baltic grain to western Europe was the most important. The town is generally considered to be a Hanse town, although Kampen often chose to sail a course separate from the Hanseatic League when it suited the town commercially. It became an ofcial member of the Hanse in 1441. From the rst half of the sixteenth century Kampen trade declined, which was due to the diminishing accessibility of the IJssel River for large trading vessels and to the repeated riots in the wars between the Dukes of Burgundy and Guelders in the rst half of the sixteenth century and after the start of the Dutch Revolt. The last Kampen ship to sail through the Sound was documented in 1626.

Old Archives Record group Old Archives Oud Archief Reference code Period Extent

: not applicable : 1237–1816 (–1866) : 2781 items, 98.5 metres

Abstract The Old Archives of the town of Kampen contain all extant material relating to the town’s administration, both internally and externally (as regards provincial and central administration), until 1813 when the town’s organisation changed radically. The materials include medieval privileges, charters and by-laws, nancial registers regarding taxes, tolls and rents, and papers on subjects like trade and industry, church matters and charitable institutions, education and health care, and police and military matters. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1302–1866 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, Latin, Low German

Relevant materials are to be found in many different series.

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GENERAL TOWN ADMINISTRATION This series includes privileges granted to Kampen merchants pertaining to Baltic trade; laws and by-laws regarding the harbour, the market, shipping and trade; decisions of the town council concerning these subjects; correspondence on Baltic trade; and lists of town ofcials, which may include Kampen merchants and immigrated foreigners. A. Town and privilege books (0.5 metres) • •

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4: Acta, register of privileges, 1302–1645 (started c. 1390), including list of contents (1 volume). 6: Dat Gulden Boeck, town laws and by-laws, including maritime regulations, 1329–1614 (started mid-fteenth century), including list of contents (1 volume). 8: Decretum dominorum cum picturas alias Digestum Vetus, register of by-laws, verdicts, and notes on nancial matters and on daily events, 1454–1473 (1 volume). 9–11: Liber Diversorum, includes documents and copies concerning various subjects, collected by a sixteenth-century editor (volume A: 1247–1549, volume B: 1456–1498, volume C: 1399–1553) (3 volumes with 1 or 2 relevant items each). 16: Dyt synt die plebiscieten ofte willekoeren der stadt Campen, register of by-laws collected from various sources, 1535 (1 volume). 17: Dat Schiprecht, shipping laws, copy of the “Vonnesse van Damme” and the “Ordinancie van Amsterdam”, fteenth century (1 volume).

B. Memorandum books (0.3 m) •

• •

21–22: Liber Memorandarum, register of proceedings of schepenen (aldermen) and raad (council) with the gezworen gemeente (sworn community), including amongst other papers privileges, relations with the Hanse, 1509–1582 (2 volumes). 57: List of contents of the Liber Memorandarum and the register of resolutions, 1550–1612 (1 folder, missing at the time of research). 61–62 (–65): Index on the Liber Memorandarum and the registers of resolutions, 1550–1650 (–1795) (2 volumes).

C. Correspondence (4 m) •

90–117 (–165): Incoming documents, 1402–1626 (–1813) (28 folders).

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218–227: Olde Missivarum, minutes of outgoing letters, 1463–1596 (10 volumes).

D. Publications (0.1 m) •

242–243: Digestum Novum, register of publications, including list of contents (on the inside of the covers are copies of decisions regarding the value regulations of coins), 1450–1636 (2 volumes).

E. Town Ofcials (0.1 m) •

306: Ordinarius Antiquus, register of appointments of and instructions for town ofcials, 1538–1697.

POPULATION (0.1 m) In this series Kampen merchants and immigrated foreigners can be traced. • •

331–332 (–334): Burgerboek, Registers of new burghers, 1302–1469 (–1868) (2 volumes). 337: List of inhabitants, 1564, and Burgercedule (probably a list of burghers), 1565, 1566 (1 folder).

TOWN PROPERTY (0.1 m) •

•

372 (regest no. 311): Act concerning the selling of annuities (rente) in Kampen by a Reval (Tallinn) burgher, 10 February 1475 (1 charter, of 6). 392: Register including amongst other papers copies regarding disagreements about the shing rights of Kampen on the Zuiderzee and reports concerning buoyage, 1451–1676 (1 volume).

FINANCES (4.2 m) •

401–498 (–680): Town accounts, 1471–1626 (–1811), 98 volumes; the rst few volumes are only registers of rents; from the second quarter of the sixteenth century other nancial matters have been registered, such as the payment of journeys of diplomats; from the mid-sixteenth century the accounts also include lists of new burghers. With appendix under no. 681 (–764), 1571–1662 (–1814) (1 folder).

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1104–1106: Redeemed obligations and annuities, with index, 1455–1650 (3 folders). 1254: Register of amongst other papers toll certicates for skippers and merchants, 1494–1573 (1 volume). 1255–1267 (–1274): Accounts of receipt and payment of toll, port and buoyage taxes, 1553–1624 (–1701) (13 volumes).

PUBLIC WORKS (0.1 m) •

1975: Concept plan for a new harbour in “de Hagen” in Kampen, with appendices, 1554 (1 folder).

TRADE, TRAFFIC AND INDUSTRY A. Trade relations (0.2 m) •

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2040: Act of King Christian of Denmark, Sweden and Norway remitting the debts as a result of the evasion of tolls by some Kampen burghers, in exchange for 200 Rhenish guilders, 21 February 1459 (1 charter). 2041: Documents regarding the claim of indemnication of the king of Denmark as a result of the imprisonment of his ofcial Hans Holm on Castle Arkelstein (episcopal castle in the Salland region, near Kampen), 1511–1513 (1 folder). 2080 (regest no. 338): Act of declaration of Jacobus Claesz concerning the goods present in his cog, which was taken by a French privateer, 31 July 1486 (1 charter). 2083 (r. no. 359): Various documents, among which an act of some Kampen burghers declaring that named goods on a Dutch vessel, which was taken by French privateers, belong to members of the Hanse, 8 August 1495 (1 transx and 1 piece). 2090: Act of protection from the count of East-Friesland to Kampen merchants, 3 March 1511 (1 folder). 2091: Act of protection from the count of East-Friesland to merchants from the three towns (Kampen, Zwolle and Deventer), 4 September 1518 (1 folder). 2097: Documents regarding the contract with Amsterdam concerning the buoyage of the Zuiderzee and the levying of buoyage taxes (paalgeld), 1444–1527 (1 folder with 23 items). 2098 (r. no. 309): Act of authorisation from the town of Bremen to the representatives present at the negotiations regarding the conict between Bremen and Antwerp, 28 June 1474 (1 charter).

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2113 (r. nos. 294, 305, 342): Freight charters of ships, 1461, 1472, 1488 (3 chyrographs). 2114 (r. nos. 310, 417, 483): Documents regarding the recovery of estates from or by foreigners (in these cases Reval (Tallinn) burghers), 1474–1559 (3 charters (of 5) and 1 piece). 2116 (r. nos. 334): Act of information from the councillors of Hamburg to the town of Kampen regarding the conscation of some cloth from a Kampen merchant, 6 November 1483 (1 charter). 2118 (r. nos. 339, 355, 356): Documents regarding the procedure of Jorien Voet against the town of Kampen, relating to the goods which were supposedly bought by Kampen burghers after having been taken from Voet by pirates, 1487–1498 (3 charters, 18 pieces). 2119 (r. no. 358): Act of testimony by Reval, informing Kampen that a Reval burgher has made a statement regarding the origin of some grain which was conscated in Kampen, 12 September 1493 (1 charter). 2121 (r. no. 415): Act of declaration from Hamburg on behalf of a merchant that certain barrels of beer, which were taken by Kampen uitleggers, belong to him, 12 January 1521 (1 charter). 2122 (r. no. 431): Act of declaration of Kampen on behalf of two Kampen shipowners to kings, princes, dukes etc., that a certain ship belongs to them, with the request to let them partake in the privileges of the Hanse, 9 May 1528 (1 charter).

B. Hanse (0.4 m) • • •

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2125–2132: Acta Hanseatica, register of “Hanserecesse” (minutes of Hanseatic meetings), 1371–1564 (18 volumes). 2133: Memorandum concerning the participation in the Hanseatic meeting at Münster, 1507 (1 folder). 2134: Schotbreef, minutes of the Hanseatic towns gathered at Lübeck regarding the payment of schotgelden at Bruges, 23 January 1540 (draft of covenant of the Hanseatic towns, 1540) (1 folder). 2135: List of the 63 Hanseatic towns, as well as a list of 13 towns which have been excluded from the Hanse, 6 June 1553 (1 folder). 2136: Draft covenant of the Hanseatic towns gathered at Lübeck, 18 September 1557 (1 folder). 2138: Incoming letter from the representatives of Hamburg, Rostock, Stralsund, Wismar and Lüneburg, gathered at Lübeck, regarding their wish to have the ordinance of 1442, which decided that shermen should only sh and salt their sh near their own “vitten”, abolished, 8 March 1445 (1 folder).

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2139: Complaint regarding the treatment of Hanseatic merchants in Antwerp and Bergen op Zoom, 1471–1484 (1 folder). 2140: Document in which Kampen declares that Zwolle has been a member of the Hanse for a long time, 28 March 1480 (1 folder). 2141: Act from Duke Philip of Burgundy and the Great Council at Malines stating their sentence regarding the robbing of a ship of the German Hanse at Bruges in 1473, 5 August 1496 (1 folder). 2142: Acts of protection from the town of Kampen and the bishop of Utrecht to merchants of the German Hanse at Bruges for their trade in Kampen, despite the case described in item no. 2141, 4 and 7 December 1498 (2 charters). 2143: Incoming letters from the representatives of the Wendish towns regarding the refusal of Kampen to subjugate to the decision regarding the staple at Bruges, 1500–1501 (1 folder). 2144 (r. no. 296): Act of testimony from some Kampen burghers regarding the position of the Kampen alderman at Hamburg and the Kampen privileges there, 18 September 1514 (1 charter). 2145: Act of protection of Duke Philip of Burgundy and the bishop of Utrecht to the representatives of the town of Lübeck, 8 December 1518 (1 folder). 2146: Statutes of the Hanseatic kontor at London, with schotbrief, 1554 (copies) (1 folder). 2147: Agreement between the Hanse and the town of Antwerp, 22 October 1563 (copy) (1 folder). 2148: Copy of an invitation from Lübeck to Cologne to attend the meeting concerning the difculties with regard to the kontors in Antwerp and London, with an appendix including the complaints, 1584 (1 folder).

C. Tolls (0.1 m) •

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2151: List of toll tariffs (the rst volume also includes notes on the arrival of ships and the value of different currencies), fteenth century (2 small volumes and 4 pieces in a folder). 2155: List of tolls, ordinances, lease conditions and other documents regarding the urban toll, 1519–1799 (1 folder).

D. Ordinances (less than 0.1 m) •

2205: Ordonanntie up den Kervielschipperen (ordinance regarding the carvel skippers), including toll tariffs, 7 January 1588 (1 folder).

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ECCLESIASTICAL MATTERS (LESS THAN 0.1 M) •

2269: Documents regarding the excommunication of a number of men relating to the withholding of some goods which a Gdansk burgher had left to the convent at Dickninge, 1501–1504 (2 charters and 1 piece).

The last Kampen ship to sail through the Sound was documented in 1626 and this date was therefore chosen as the end date for sources on Kampen’s Baltic trade. A random sample of incoming and outgoing letters and documents and in the memorandum books produced no additional archival material and thus conrmed that no more sea trade was conducted with the Baltic area. One source in which a few foreigners from the Baltic can be found are the testaments until 1800 (see the description of the Judicial Archives of Kampen, items 136–155). Any names that are found in here can also be checked against the registers of baptisms, marriages and deaths, which are available from the seventeenth century. These can be searched through an extensive index of names at the repository an can also be consulted online in the near future (as regards the baptisms). Accessibility J. Don, De archieven der gemeente Kampen, Vol. I, Het Oud-Archief (Kampen, 1963), with introduction in Dutch and index on names and place names; an overview of the inventory will be available on the repository’s website shortly. A calendar is available of item no. 8: K. Schilder, “Digestum Vetus, 1448–1478” (Kamper Genealogische en Historische Bronnen, 3), but a full transcription will be available online in the near future (see also under “Publications”). Record creator / provenance The Old Archives comprise materials up to 1811 created by the town council of Kampen, which dealt with all kinds of matters, including trade and shipping. Merchants from Kampen were already trading in the Baltic in the mid-thirteenth century, when they were, together with other traders who sailed around Skagen to enter the Baltic (umlandsfarae, ummelandsvaarders), granted privileges by King Abel of Denmark (1251). Kampen traders were active in trade throughout northern Europe, but are best known for transporting goods from western Europe to the Baltic and vice versa, of which the transport of salt from France to the Baltic and that of Baltic grain to western Europe was the most important. The town is generally

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considered to be a Hanse town, although Kampen often chose to sail a course separate from the Hanseatic League when it suited the town commercially. It became an ofcial member of the Hanse in 1441. From the rst half of the sixteenth century Kampen trade declined, which was due to the diminishing accessibility of the IJssel River for large trading vessels and to the repeated disturbances in the wars between the dukes of Burgundy and Guelders in the rst half of the sixteenth century and after the start of the Dutch Revolt. The last Kampen ship to sail through the Sound was documented in 1626. Custodial history In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the complete Kampen archives were restructured chronologically and according to subject by town archivist Nanninga Uitterdijk, thus taking the archives out of their original context. This restructuring was undone between 1946 and 1962, returning the archives to their original context as far as possible. The inventory of 1963 is the result of this work. Visually attractive Item 8, the “Digestum Vetus”, includes a large number of simple pen drawings depicting objects mentioned in the text. These will be available digitally with the rest of the manuscript (see under “Publications”). A few pen drawings can also be found in items 11 and 242. Copies The charters are available as photos in the reading room sorted according to their regest (calendar) number. Many of the documents of the Old Archives are available on microlm. Publications •

•

Registers van Charters en Bescheiden in het Oude Archief van Kampen [1251–1630], 8 Vols., ed. J. Nanninga Uitterdijk (Kampen, 1862– 1902). Digestum Vetus (item 8) will be available online with a transcription and Dutch and English translations in the near future.

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HISTORICAL CENTRE LEEUWARDEN Historisch Centrum Leeuwarden Leeuwarden www.gemeentearchief.nl

Burmania, at Leeuwarden etc. Record group Burmania, at Leeuwarden etc. Burmania, o.a. te Leeuwarden Reference code : 179 Period : 1541–1825 Extent : 176 items, 0.4 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the (Van) Burmania family. It includes documents regarding a large number of members of this family, such as testaments and other notarial deeds, accounts and correspondence. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1719–1720 : Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, Latin

Relevant is a journal by Ulbe Aylva van Burmania, envoy of the Dutch Republic in Sweden, about his journey from Den Helder via Gothenburg to Stockholm and back (inv. no. 102, covering the years 1719–1720, 3 volumes). Also interesting are two poems written for him on his departure (no. 8 in inv. no. 167, 1719) and return (inv. no. 103, 1720). Accessibility Inventory; also available online at the repository’s website.

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Related materials •

•

•

Tresoar, Leeuwarden: Collection Fries Genootschap (reference code: 344), inv. no. 406: Documents regarding Ulbo Aylva van Burmania as ambassador in Sweden, 1719–1721. Tresoar, Leeuwarden: Manuscript Collection (reference code: 347), inv. no. 55: Fragment of a journal of a journey from Göteborg to Stockholm, written by someone from the entourage of Ulbo Aylva van Burmania, ca. 1720. Tresoar, Leeuwarden: Archives of the Stadtholders (now kept at the Archives of the Royal House in The Hague): Maria Louise (reference code 7.11), inv. no. 186: Letters from Ulbe Aylva van Burmania from The Hague as representative at the States General and from Stockholm as extraordinary ambassador, 1713–1720.

TRESOAR, FRIESIAN HISTORICAL AND LITERARY CENTRE Tresoar, Fries Historisch en Letterkundig Centrum Leeuwarden www.tresoar.nl

Accounts of the Stewards Record group Accounts of the Stewards Rentmeestersrekeningen Reference code :4 Period : 1515–1575 Extent : 244 items, 3.5 metres

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Abstract This collection centres around the accounts of the stewards general of Friesland under the rule of the Saxonian and Habsburg dukes up to 1580. It includes the accounts themselves, some appendices that consist of accounts of the grietmannen (bailiffs) of a few regions, and some accounts regarding specic subjects or activities. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1515–1575 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the accounts of the stewards general, which include the costs of journeys of representatives and diplomats, mainly within the Netherlands but also to places abroad. Also included are three grietman accounts that include notes on and expenses and receipts of otsam and jetsam, and a commission for each to salvage these. GENERAL ACCOUNTS • • •

2–6: Accounts of steward general Jan Rataller, 1515–1529 (5 volumes). 7–18: Accounts of steward general Gerrit van Loo, 1531–1556 (13 volumes). 19–34: Accounts of steward general Boudewijn van Loo, 1554–1575 (16 volumes)

GRIETENIJ ACCOUNTS • • •

36: Accounts of Focx van Dockuin, grietman of Oostdongeradeel, 1525–1530 (1 volume). 42: Accounts of the grietmannen of Wonseradeel, 1524–1528 (1 volume). 43: Accounts of Lyuwe Aedgaertsz from IJlst, grietman of Doniawerstal, 1524–1529 (1 volume).

Accessibility A.L. Heerma van Voss, Rekeningen en andere stukken betreffende Friesland, afkomstig uit de Hollandsche rekenkamer (1515–1575) (The Hague, 1949), with introduction in Dutch; also available at the repository’s website.

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Administration Saxonian Dukes over Friesland Record group Administration Saxonian Dukes over Friesland Bestuur Saksische hertogen over Friesland Reference code :1 Period : (1488) 1498–1515 (1520) Extent : 263 microches (originals c. 2.5 metres) Abstract This collection consists of microches of documents kept at the Sächsische Hauptstaatsarchiv in Dresden and the Kaiserlich-Köngliche Hof-, Haus- und Staatsarchiv in Vienna regarding the administration of Friesland by the Saxonian dukes from 1498 to 1515. Included are documents regarding the administration of the province, conicts with other territorial lords and with the town of Groningen, trade matters, legal cases, the mint and taxes. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1504–1513 : Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands : Dutch, High German, Low German

Relevant are some letters and reports concerning relations between the Friesian and northern German towns, especially with regard to the salvage and conscation of ships and cargo. All relevant papers derive from the Sächsische Hauptstaatsarchiv in Dresden. ORIGINAL CHARTERS •

36: Statement of burgomasters, aldermen and council of the town of Hindeloopen regarding the damage some of their skippers suffered on the Baltic Sea, with a list of lost goods and their value, 1511 (1 piece).

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COPYBOOKS Copybook 112 •

•

199: Letter of George of Saxony to Duke Henry of Brunswik regarding a ship from Hamburg or Lübeck cast ashore near the town of Staveren, 1508 (copy). 200: Letter of George of Saxony to the council at Lübeck, replying to their letter to the Friesian town councils, regarding the salvage charged for the ships cast ashore near the town of Harlingen, 1509 (copy).

GEHEIMES ARCHIV: FRIESIAN MATTERS General •

•

• •

844: Letter by the burgomaster and council of Hamburg to Duke George of Saxonia, complaining about the payment of an unusually high sum for the return of cargo from two lost ships, 1509. 1038–1051: Letters and reports regarding the appeal at the Reichskammergericht of the towns of Hindeloopen and Staveren against the conscation of ships and goods by the town of Lübeck, and regarding the conscation of ve Hindeloopen ships by Lübeck, 1511 (14 pieces). 1057: Letter of George of Saxonia to the town of Staveren and Hindeloopen regarding the conict with the town of Lübeck, 1512 (draft). 1773: Note regarding the journey of the writer to Denmark to his brother-in-law in 1513, undated.

Commercial matters •

1896: Report regarding the capture of six Lübeck cargo vessels by ships from Staveren and Hindeloopen, concerning which a complaint was led at the Reichskammergericht, 1511.

Copybook Friesian trade •

•

1904: Letter of George of Saxony regarding a letter from the town of Hamburg complaining about the problems concerning the salvage of a Hamburg ship in the Harlingen harbour, 1509. 1907: Letter of George of Saxony to the town councils in Friesland regarding a letter from the towns of Lübeck and Magdeburg concerning

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a conict about the salvage charges for ships cast ashore near Harlingen, 1509 (copy). Criminal matters •

2076–2081: Letters from Wismar, Hamburg, Lüneburg, Lübeck, Stralsund and Rostock respectively to Duke George of Saxony regarding piracy, 1504 (6 pieces).

Accessibility P. Baks et al., Inventaris van stukken betreffende het bestuur van de Saksische hertogen over Friesland (1488) 1498–1515 (1520) en hun bemoeienis met Groningen (originelen in Dresden en Wenen) (Leeuwarden, 1998), with introduction in Dutch; also available online at the repository’s website. Custodial history The Friesian provincial archives keep only a small number of documents concerning the administration of Friesland until 1580. To ll this gap, the repository acquired microches of documents regarding this period at other repositories. For the period 1498–1515, many documents are kept at the Sächsise Hauptstaatsarchiv in Dresden and some at the Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof-, Haus- und Staatsarchiv in Vienna, as Friesland was ruled by the dukes of Saxonia in these years. Copies The collection consists of microfiches, which can be accessed in the repository’s reading room (drawer no. 702). Publications •

•

Berns, J.L., Verslag aangaande een onderzoek naar archiefstukken, belangrijk voor de geschiedenis van Friesland, uit het tijdperk der Saksische hertogen op last der regeering ingesteld (The Hague, 1891). Blok, P.J., Verslag aangaande een onderzoek in Duitschland naar archivalia belangrijk voor de geschiedenis van Nederland, 1886–1887 (The Hague, 1888).

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Court of Friesland Record group Court of Friesland Hof van Friesland Reference code Period Extent

: 14 : 1504–1811 : 17423 items, 291.2 metres

Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the Court of Friesland, the high court of civil and criminal justice in Friesland, until 1811. It consists of the Court’s administration of criminal, civil and voluntary justice and also includes documents regarding the Court’s political and administrative competences (until 1663), its ofcials and domestic matters. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1527–1802 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the case les and sentence books in both criminal and civil cases, which contain information on lawsuits involving traders, skippers and others from the Baltic Sea region, and merchants and sailors from Friesland. Also important is some information with regard to the ordinance on maritime law of 1563. POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE COMPETENCES OF THE COURT •

89: Letter of the stadtholder to the Court including the ordinance of the King from 31 October 1563 on maritime law and insurance, with a request to inform him whether there would be any objections against its publication in Friesland, 1563, including documents regarding a committee issued to discuss the ordinance with the magistrates and sailors of some Friesian towns, 1564 (1 volume).

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CRIMINAL AND CIVIL JUSTICE •

• • •

•

121–5757 (–7486): Documents regarding lawsuits of which the nal sentences are registered in the criminal sentence books, (1557) 1700–1800 (–1811). Including lawsuits concerning people from: * Bremen (nos. 1966, 2410, 2448, 2472, 2474). * Hamburg (nos. 216, 692, 1321, 1541, 1563, 1648, 2060, 2128, 2278, 2305, 5495). * Lüneburg (nos. 500, 857, 922, 1963). * Braunschweig (nos. 862, 992, 1045). * Schleswig (no. 843). * Stralsund (nos. 215, 335). * Mecklenburg (nos. 2045, 2141). * Silesia (nos. 1861, 2091). * Poland (nos. 332, 1529, 2117). * Gdansk (nos. 240, 242, 531, 2004, 6207). * Königsberg (nos. 696, 1106). * Sweden (nos. 1229, 1305, 2140). * Stockholm (no. 229). * Copenhagen (no. 424). N.B.: Not all descriptions of the lawsuits in the inventory include places of residence. In the third quarter of the eighteenth century, fewer placenames are mentioned and in the last quarter the number of people from outside Friesland / the Netherlands decreases. 7488–7527 (–7531): Criminal sentence books, 1516–1801 (–1811) (40 volumes). 7548–7588 (–7598): Civil roll registers, 1760–1800 (–1811) (41 volumes). 7599–15981 (–16470): Documents regarding lawsuits of which the nal sentences are registered in the civil sentence books, not including places of residence, 1675–1800 (–1811). 16480–16668 (–16678): Civil sentence books, 1527–1539, 1598–1800 (–1811) (189 volumes), with indices in nos. 16679–16685 (–16686), 1591–1801 (–1811) (7 volumes).

Accessibility P. Nieuwland, “Inventaris van het archief van het Hof van Friesland”, 2 Vols., with introduction (in Dutch); also available online at the repository’s website.

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Several indices on personal names of the parties involved in both criminal and civil cases are available in the repository’s reading room (under no. 14). Record creator / provenance The Court of Friesland emanates from two councils (one administrative, the other judicial) instituted by the Dukes of Saxonia in the late fteenth and early sixteenth century. At the succession of the Burgundian Dukes in 1515, the two councils were united, combining their administrative and judicial responsibilities. In the late sixteenth century, however, the States of Friesland extended their power in administrative matters at the expense of the Court, and a resolution of 1663 eventually excluded the Court from any inuence in the administration of the province. Judicially, the Court was the highest court in criminal cases and a court of appeal in civil cases, as well as an extraordinary court for nobles and church ofcials. Copies Copies of the indices (inv. nos. 16679–16685) on the civil sentence books (inv. nos. 16480–16668) are available in the reading room (nos. 14.02–14.07). These include the family names of the parties involved.

Domain Schiermonnikoog Record group Domain Schiermonnikoog Heerlijkheid Schiermonnikoog Reference code : 312 Period : 1627–1868 Extent : 222 items, 3 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the domain of Schiermonnikoog, an island north of the Netherlands and part of the province of Friesland. It consists of documents concerning the inheritance of the domain, its administration, administration of justice, law of wreck, levying of taxes, civil administration of the village, church and school matters and exploitation of land. Also included are papers of the Stachouwer family, who owned the island between 1638 and 1799.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1612–1811 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the documents regarding the law of wreck: •

• • •

•

• • • • •

50, 51: Register of testimonies and charters regarding the law of wreck from Schiermonnikoog and elsewhere from the late sixteenth to the mid-seventeenth centuries, c. 1650 (2 volumes). 52: Documents regarding the law of wreck and other matters (copies), 1612–1648 (1 folder). 53, 54: Documents regarding the salvage of wrecked ships on Schiermonnikoog and neighbouring islands, 1645 (1 folder, 2 pieces). 55: Agreement between the lord of Schiermonnikoog and representatives from Dokkum regarding shing, ferry services and the sale of salvaged goods, 1649 (1 piece). 56–66, 68–74, 76–82, 84–88, 91–95: Various documents regarding different cases of wreck and the placing of sea tuns for the safety of shipping, 1650–1792 (13 folders, 22 pieces). 75: Resolutions of lord and burgomasters regarding the salvage of otsam and jetsam, 1747 (eighteenth-century copy) (1 piece). 89: Declarations of some inhabitants that the Brakzand belongs to the beach of the island, 1780 (1 piece). 96: Advice with regard to the law of wreck, 1796 (2 pieces). 97: Requests of the court to the steward to get the storehouse ready for the salvage of otsam (copy), 1797 (1 piece). 98: List of distribution of the income of otsam among the owners of the island, 1796–1811 (1 piece).

Accessibility W.J. Formsma, “Archieven Heren van Schiermonnikoog en Terschellingerpolder”; also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance The island of Schiermonnikoog (situated in the Wadden Sea) belonged to the Cistercian monastery of Klaarkamp (Rinsumageest) in the Middle Ages. In 1580 it was secularised and in 1638 sold by the States of Friesland. Until 1799 it was owned by various members of the Stachouwer family. An important source of income was the revenue from wrecked ships and their cargo.

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Firm M.H. Kingma at Makkum Record group Firm M.H. Kingma at Makkum Firma M.H. Kingma te Makkum Reference code : 98 Period : 1726–1932 Extent : 1220 items, 22 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the rm of the Kingma family in Makkum, one of the Friesian ports on the Zuiderzee coast. It includes documents regarding the personal lives and ofces of various family members, and regarding their capital and the administration of their various businesses, such as trade, shipping, shipbuilding and oil milling. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1735–1863 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Poland, Russia, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the documents regarding the family’s activities in trade and shipping, which were partly concentrated in the Baltic Sea region, and shipbuilding. FAMILY MEMBERS’ PERSONAL LIVES AND OFFICES Hylke Jans Kingma Commissioner of the sleuce and other public works at Makkum •

•

26: Letter of the council (grietenij) secretary regarding the plans to build a larger sleuce because of the decline of, among other things, trade to the Baltic Sea area, 1774 (1 piece). 27–39: Various documents regarding the building of a new, bigger, sleuce at Makkum, 1771–1781 (6 folders, 3 sheets, 1 quire, 3 pieces and 1 bundle).

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CAPITAL OF MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY General H.J. Kingma c.u. •

•

442: Register of notes of receipts and expenses regarding money loans, houses and insurances on ships arranged with H.J. Kingma (1735) 1751–1796 (1 volume). 727: Papers including a Manuaal, register of notes of receipt and expenses with regard to shares in ships, 1740–1762 (1766).

M.H. Kingma c.u. •

453: Manuaal, register of notes of receipts and expenses with regard to shares in ships, money loans, etc., 1782–1825 (1 volume).

Specic aspects of the capital Shares in ships • •

537–581: Documents regarding shares in various ships, 1740–1797 (33 pieces and 12 folders). 602–705: Papers including outgoing letters concerning the investment in shares in ships, 1746–1842.

COMPANIES EXPLOITED BY MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY All companies Correspondence •

• • •

648: Incoming letters, mainly regarding trade, shipping and the tting out of ships, including letters from Altona, Hamburg, Königsberg, Pernau and Helsingør, from skippers, and from trading partners within the Netherlands, such as in Amsterdam and Enkhuizen, 1731–1863 (1 bundle). 657: Correspondence between various members of the rm, 1744–1848 (1 folder). 662–695 (–714): Registers of outgoing letters, 1746–1807 (–1931) (34 volumes). 715: Copies of outgoing letters, 1755–1850 and without date (1 folder).

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Current accounts with business partners •

727–729: Current account books of H.J. Kingma with various partners, such as freighters, merchants and skippers, 1747–1800 (–1801) (no. 727 includes registers of shares in ships, 1740–1762 (1766)).

Individual companies Trade • • • •

•

•

757–758: Memorandum book of the purchase and sale of goods, 1745– 1747 (2 volumes). 759: Small sales registers of Hylke Jans regarding subtropical fruit, colonial wares, liquor and perfume sold in St. Petersburg, 1746 (1 quire). 761: Lists of the capital of the Hylke Jans and brothers rm for inland and foreign trade, 1753 and 1756 (1 piece). 763: Register of purchase and sale from H.J. Kingma, regarding wood, tar, herring, hemp, peas, ax seeds, colonial wares and roof tiles, 1763–1792 (1 volume). 765: Settlement between H.J. Kingma and his widow, and H.W. Wiarda and his widow, mainly regarding trade transactions and shares in ships, 1771–1799 (1 folder). 768: Settlement between the heirs of W. baron van Schwartzenberg thoe Hohelansberg, bailiff (grietman) of Wonseradeel and the widow of H.J. Kingma, mainly regarding trade transactions and shares in ships, 1779–1789 (1 piece).

Shipping company • •

• • •

776: Bills of sailmakers and a rope-maker regarding work on the koffs of skipper Hylke Jans, 1738, 1743 and 1746 (1 folder). 777–780, 783–785, 787–789, 791, 793, 795, 799, 801, 803: Cashbooks of various ships, including costs for journeys to the Baltic Sea, 1741–1801 (16 volumes). 781: Documents regarding the crew of the Vrouwe Ida, 1778–1784 (1 folder). 786: Document regarding the sale of the Concordia at Gdansk, 1780–1782 (1 folder). 792: Documents regarding the pay of the crew of the Yda en Kingma, including the settlement of a testament involving people from Bremen, 1781 and 1783 (1 folder).

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798: Account and drawing of the koff Mintje en Baukje Wiarda built at Harlingen, 1782 and undated (1 folder). 800: Incoming document regarding the salvage of the Mintje en Baukje Wiarda wrecked near Jutland, 1787 (1 folder).

Shipbuilding and related companies at Makkum (shipyard) • • • •

817: Drawings of several ships, 1773, 1782 and undated (1 folder). 818: Accounts of prots and losses, 1784–1796 and 1807–1812, with inventories of the stock, 1788–1796 (1 folder). 820–822 (–824): Registers of creditors, pays and expenses, 1784–1802 (–1813) (3 volumes). 825–828 (–835): Registers of debtors, 1784–1802 (–1813) (14 volumes).

(pulley-block and mast-makers) • •

836: Account of prots and losses, 1780–1796 (1 folder). 837: Register of creditors, pays and expenses, 1780–1800 (1 volume).

(rope-makers) • • •

844: Account of prots and losses, 1778–1798, with inventories of the stock, 1781–1798 (1 folder). 845: Register of creditors, pays and expenses, 1773–1789 (1 volume). 846: Register of debtors, 1773–1783 (1 volume).

(sailmakers) • • • • •

847: Sketchbook of sails, c. 1750–1760 (1 volume). 848: Account of prots and losses, 1748–1760 and 1791–1807, with inventories of the stock, 1791–1828 (1 folder). 849: Register of creditors, pays and expenses, 1748–1763 (1 volume). 852–855: Registers of debtors, 1749–1776, 1800–1810 (4 volumes). 858: Lists of prices of canvas, sails and other products of the sailmakers, 1769–1819 (1 folder).

(miscellaneous) •

1724: Drawing of the ship De Twee Gebroeders, which was built by Hylke Jans in Lübeck in 1741, 1763 (1 sheet).

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Accessibility D.P. de Vries, Inventaris van de archieven van de bewoners van het huis annex kantoor van de rma M.H. Kingma te Makkum 1726–1932, 2 Vols. (Leeuwarden, 1989), with extensive introduction in Dutch; also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance Already in the seventeenth century, members of the Kingma family were involved in trade with the Baltic Sea region, France and the Iberian peninsula. Large prots in the rst half of the eighteenth century made Hylke Jans Kingma and his brothers decide to leave the actual sailing of ships up to others and to found a rm and organise trade from Makkum in the late 1740s. Initially, the rm was known as Hylke Jans, but from 1799 the name M.H. Kingma was used. Besides trade, the brothers owned shares in ships and founded a shipyard and related businesses and an oil mill. Business thrived for some decades, but declined in the late eighteenth century. From 1800, the oil mill became the main source of income. Visually attractive Inv. no. 798 consists of three designs (drawings in black and white on paper of various sizes) of various parts of the koff De Mintje en Baukje Wiarda from 1782 and 1784. Inv. no. 817 consists of 16 designs (drawings in black and white on paper of various sizes) of several ships and parts of ships from c. 1770–1780. Inv. no. 1724 consists of a drawing of the koff De Twee Gebroeders (in black and white on paper) from 1763.

Lower Court Bolsward Record group Lower Court Bolsward Nedergerecht Bolsward Reference code : 13.08 Period : 1544–1811 Extent : 309 items, 19.3 metres

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Abstract This collection consists of the administration of the lower court of Bolsward. It contains documents regarding its civil, criminal and voluntary justice, and books of minutes and missives. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1550–1797 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the case les, books of sentences and books of minutes, which may include cases involving Baltic Sea traders and merchants from Bolsward. Also important are registers of mortgages, which include information on ships, and documents regarding sales of ships and drowned persons. • •

• • • •

8: Information and documents regarding drowned persons and others who probably died through an accident, 1666–1778 (1 folder). 117: Book of protocols, includes resolutions of the magistrates, including a decision in a matter regarding skippers (1708), 1705–1778 (1 volume). 216: Book of sales of immovable goods (including ships), 1603–1612 (1 volume). 217: Records and other documents regarding public sales of immovable goods (including ships), 1594, 1681–1797 (1 folder). 238: Deeds of sale, 1571–1574, 1596–1704, 1740, 1741 (1 bundle). 247–276 (–279): Registers of mortgages, 1610–1801 (–1811) (30 volumes).

Accessibility “Inventaris van de archieven van de nedergerechten” (revised 1990, 2001), pp. 45–54; relevant pages also separately available online at the repository’s website. An index on family names in the registers of mortgages (inv. nos. 247–278) is available at the repository’s reading room (no. 13.23). Many of the registers are too damaged to be consulted, but microches are available (see under “Copies”).

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Record creator / provenance In the Middle Ages, Bolsward was involved in maritime trade to the Baltic Sea area due to its position by the Middle Sea (which disappeared in the thirteenth century) and the Marne River. It was also a member of the Hanseatic League. Bolsward lost its importance as a port in the late fteenth and sixteenth centuries and became a regional trading centre. Copies Microches of all the relevant items can be accessed in the repository’s reading room, in drawers 508 (inv. no. 8), 509 (inv. no. 117), 510 (inv. nos. 216, 217) and 511 (inv. no. 238).

Lower Court Dokkum Record group Lower Court Dokkum Nedergerecht Dokkum Reference code : 13.10 Period : 1555–1811 Extent : 261 items, 17.2 metres Abstract This collection consists of the administration of the lower court of Dokkum. It contains documents regarding its civil, criminal and voluntary justice, and books of minutes and missives. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1555–1810 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the case les, books of sentences, and books of minutes, which may include cases involving Baltic Sea traders and merchants from Dokkum. Also important are documents regarding sales of ships and registers of mortgages, which include information on ships.

tresoar, friesian historical and literary centre • • • •

• •

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15–44: Books of minutes, 1555–1806 (–1811) (30 volumes). 63–66: Case les, 1610–1769 (4 bundles). 68–85: Books of sentences, 1575–1810 (18 volumes). 185–189: Books of sales, records of public sales of immovable goods, 1588–1693 (4 volumes) (records for 1581–1603 and 1603–1612 can be found in inv. nos. 106–108 and 204 respectively). 204–217 (–219) Registers of deeds of sale, 1603–1803 (16 volumes) (deeds for 1588–1593 can be found in inv. no. 185). 222–246 (–250): Registers of mortgages, 1603–1800 (–1811) (25 volumes).

Accessibility “Inventaris van de archieven van de nedergerechten” (revised 1990, 2001), pp. 58–63; relevant pages also separately available online at the repository’s website. An index of family names in the registers of mortgages (inv. nos. 225–227, 232, 234–250) is available at the repository’s reading room (no. 13.25). Record creator / provenance The town of Dokkum was involved in sea trade from the Middle Ages until the mid-seventeenth century, when the connection to the Waddenzee became silted up. Some trade existed with the Baltic Sea region. From 1597 onward, the Friesian Admiralty was stationed at Dokkum until it was moved to Harlingen in 1642. Copies Microches of all the relevant items can be accessed in the repository’s reading room, in drawers 513 (inv. nos. 15–44), 514 (inv. nos. 63–66, 68–85), 515 (inv. nos. 185–189) and 516 (inv. nos. 204–217, 222–246).

Lower Court Harlingen Record group Lower Court Harlingen Nedergerecht Harlingen Reference code : 13.16 Period : 1574–1811 Extent : 343 items, 21.4 metres

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Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the lower court of Harlingen. It contains documents regarding its civil, criminal and voluntary justice, and books of minutes and missives. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1575–1810 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the books of minutes, books of sentences and case les, which may include cases involving Baltic Sea traders and merchants from Harlingen. Also important are the registers of mortgages, which include deeds of sale (of ships). • • • •

49–73 (–77): Books of minutes, 1633–1801 (–1811) (25 volumes). 79: Case les, 1626, 1657 (1 folder). 82–102: Books of sentences, 1575–1810 (21 volumes). 271–327 (–328): Registers of mortgages, including deeds of sale, 1606–1804 (–1810) (57 volumes).

Accessibility “Inventaris van de archieven van de nedergerechten” (revised 1990, 2001), pp. 90–99; relevant pages also separately available at the repository’s website. An index of family names in the registers of mortgages (inv. nos. 271–328) is available at the repository’s reading room (nos. 13.29 and 13.30). Record creator / provenance Harlingen was for a large part of the period 1450–1800 the most important Friesian port trading with the Baltic Sea region. Trade developed in the sixteenth century and from 1550 there was a strong inux in trade with the Baltic Sea. Harlingen commerce was mainly concentrated on Norway and the Baltic Sea. In the late sixteenth century Harlingen’s harbour capacity was enlarged and in 1597 a second harbour was built. Shipbuilding took place from 1595. Harlingen trade still increased in the rst half of the seventeenth century and in 1645 the Friesian admiralty was moved from Dokkum to Harlingen. There was a slight drop in trading activities in the eighteenth century, but according to the Dutch Sound registers from the

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years 1721–1764, Harlingen remained the third main player in Baltic Sea trade, behind Amsterdam and Rotterdam. Copies Microches of all the relevant items can be accessed in the repository’s reading room, in drawers 528 (inv. nos. 49–73, 79, 82–102), 531 (inv. nos. 271–315) and 532 (inv. nos. 316–327).

Lower Court Hemelumer Oldeferd Record group Lower Court Hemelumer Oldeferd Nedergerecht Hemelumer Oldeferd Reference code : 13.18 Period : 1576–1811 Extent : 54 items, 2.8 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the lower court of Hemelumer Oldeferd. It contains documents regarding its civil, criminal and voluntary justice, and books of minutes and missives. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1576–1806 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the books of minutes, books of sentences and case les, which may include cases involving Baltic Sea traders and skippers from Hemelumer Oldeferd. Also important are the registers of mortgages, which contain deeds of sale (of ships). • • • •

4–10: Books of minutes, 1660–1805 (7 volumes). 12: Case les, 1576–1704 (1 folder). 13: Book of sentences, 1661–1806 (1 volume). 32–40 (–42): Registers of mortgages, 1630–1800 (–1811) (9 volumes).

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Accessibility “Inventaris van de archieven van de nedergerechten” (revised 1990, 2001), pp. 103–104; relevant pages also separately available at the repository’s website. An index of family names in the registers of mortgages (inv. nos. 32–42) is available at the repository’s reading room (no. 13.32). Many of the registers are too damaged to be consulted, but microches are available (see copies). Record creator / provenance The area of Hemelumer Oldeferd borders on the town of Stavoren and includes the villages of Koudum, Molkwerum and Warns. Inhabitants of these places took part in shipping to the Baltic Sea from Amsterdam and Hindeloopen in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Copies Microches of all the relevant items can be accessed in the repository’s reading room, in drawer 533 (inv. nos. 1–48).

Lower Court Hindeloopen Record group Lower Court Hindeloopen Nedergerecht Hindeloopen Reference code : 13.20 Period : 1556–1811 Extent : 137 items, 8.7 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the lower court of Hindeloopen. It contains documents regarding its civil, criminal and voluntary justice, and books of minutes and missives. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1556–1811 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

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Relevant are the books of minutes, books of sentences, court rolls and case les, which may include cases involving Baltic Sea traders and merchants from Hindeloopen. Also important are deeds of sale and registers of mortgages, including sales of ships, and muster rolls and a declaration regarding a wrecked ship. • • • • • • • •

5: Book of minutes, 1556–1578 (1 volume). 6–26: Court rolls, 1593–1806 (20 volumes). 28–44: Case les, 1631–1811 (17 bundles). 46–49: Books of sentences, 1556–1578, 1624–1811 (4 volumes). 102: Deeds of sale and other deeds, mostly registered in the registers of mortgages, 1613–1796 (1 folder). 103–114: Registers of mortgages, 1623–1810 (12 volumes). 115: Muster rolls, shipowners’ shares, etc., regarding sea-going vessels, 1715–1718 (1 volume). 117: Declaration of the crew of a wrecked ship, 1791 (1 folder).

Accessibility “Inventaris van de archieven van de nedergerechten” (revised 1990, 2001), pp. 107–110; relevant pages also separately available online at the repository’s website. An index of family names in the registers of mortgages (inv. nos. 103–114) is available at the repository’s reading room (no. 13.31). Many of the registers are too damaged to be consulted, but microches are available (see under “Copies”). Record creator / provenance Hindeloopen was one of the main Friesian trading towns in the medieval and early modern period. The town’s trading partners were situated mainly in the Baltic Sea region and, especially in the Golden Age (seventeenth century), it worked closely together with Amsterdam. Copies Microches of all the relevant items can be accessed in the repository’s reading room, in drawers 535 (inv. nos. 5–26, 28–44, 46–49) and 536 (inv. nos. 102–115, 117).

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Lower Court Lemsterland Record group Lower Court Lemsterland Nedergerecht Lemsterland Reference code : 13.25 Period : 1587–1811 Extent : 70 items, 3.1 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the lower court of Lemsterland. It contains documents regarding its civil, criminal and voluntary justice, and books of minutes and missives. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1639–1805 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the books of minutes, books of sentences and case les, which may include cases involving Baltic Sea traders and skippers from Lemsterland. Also important are the registers of mortgages, which contain deeds of sale (of ships). • • • •

7–11 (–13): Books of minutes, 1674–1802 (–1811) (5 volumes). 14 (–15): Case les, 1760–1790 (1806–1808) (1 volume). 17, 18 (–19): Books of sentences, 1639–1805 (–1810) (2 volumes). 46–50 (–52): Registers of mortgages, 1671–1801 (–1811) (5 volumes).

Accessibility “Inventaris van de archieven van de nedergerechten” (revised 1990, 2001), pp. 126–128; relevant pages also separately available online at the repository’s website. An index of family names in the registers of mortgages (inv. nos. 46–52) is available at the repository’s reading room (no. 13.36). Many of the registers are too damaged to be consulted, but microches are available (see under “Copies”).

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Record creator / provenance The area of Lemsterland includes the village of Lemmer. Many of Lemmer’s skippers traded with the Baltic Sea region from Amsterdam in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Copies Microches of all the relevant items can be accessed in the repository’s reading room, in drawers 542 (inv. nos. 7–11, 14, 17, 18) and 543 (inv. nos. 46–50).

Lower Court Stavoren Record group Lower Court Stavoren Nedergerecht Stavoren Reference code : 13.36 Period : 1600–1811 Extent : 50 items, 3.2 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the lower court of Stavoren. It contains documents regarding its civil, criminal and voluntary justice, and books of minutes and missives. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1621–1811 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the books of minutes, books of sentences and case les, which may include cases involving Baltic Sea traders and merchants from Stavoren. Also important are books of sales and registers of mortgages, which include information on ships, and a register of ship’s passports. • • •

2–5: Books of minutes, 1729–1805 (4 volumes). 6–9: Case les, 1641–1799 (4 bundles). 11–13: Books of sentences, 1635–1806 (3 volumes).

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35, 36: Books of sales, including records of public sales of immovable goods, 1754–1789 (2 volumes). 39–42: Registers of mortgages, including among other things a warrant to salvage a wrecked ship and its cargo (1800), 1621–1811 (4 volumes). 45: Register of ship’s passports, 1745–1803 (1 volume).

Accessibility “Inventaris van de archieven van de nedergerechten” (revised 1990, 2001), pp. 166–168; relevant pages also separately available at the repository’s website. An index of family names in the registers of mortgages (inv. nos. 39–42) is available at the repository’s reading room (no. 13.39). Many of the registers are too damaged to be consulted, but microches are available (see copies). Record creator / provenance Stavoren is the oldest trading town in Friesland and its inhabitants were already active in the Baltic Sea region in the Viking Age. The town had a vitte at Skanör and was a member of the Hanse. Although Stavoren had its mercantile heyday in the Middle Ages, trade continued well into the eighteenth century. Copies Microches of all the relevant items can be accessed in the repository’s reading room, in drawer 560.

Lower Court Wonseradeel Record group Lower Court Wonseradeel Nedergerecht Wonseradeel Reference code : 13.43 Period : 1592–1811 Extent : 356 items, 31.9 metres

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Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the lower court of Wonseradeel (which includes the port of Makkum). It contains documents regarding its civil, criminal and voluntary justice, and books of minutes and missives. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1592–1811 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the books of minutes, books of sentences and case les, which may include cases involving Baltic Sea traders and merchants from Makkum. Also important are registers of sales and of mortgages, including information on ships, and inventories of goods cast ashore. • • • • • •

4–30 (–33): Books of minutes, 1592–1800 (–1811) (27 volumes). 35–39 (–40): Case les, 1651–1800 (5 bundles). 42–47 (–48): Books of sentences, 1657–1806 (–1811) (6 volumes). 215: Inventories of goods cast ashore and documents regarding the sale of these, 1747–1785 (1 bundle). 257–260, 263 (Registers of ) deeds of sale, 1632–1811 (1 bundle, 4 volumes). 270–307 (–309): Registers of mortgages, including carriage contracts, 1633–1800 (–1811) (38 volumes).

Accessibility “Inventaris van de archieven van de nedergerechten” (revised 1990, 2001), pp. 192–200; relevant pages also separately available online at the repository’s website. An index of family names in the registers of mortgages (inv. nos. 271–309) is available at the repository’s reading room (nos. 13.44 and 13.45). Many of the registers are too damaged to be consulted, but microches are available (see under “Copies”). Record creator / provenance The port of Makkum played a small roll in the Baltic Sea trade in the early modern period, mainly in the seventeenth century.

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Copies Microches of all the relevant items can be accessed in the repository’s reading room, in drawers 568 (inv. nos. 4–30. 35–39, 42–47), 572 (inv. no. 215), 573 (inv. nos. 257–260, 270–305) and 574 (inv. nos. 305–307).

Lower Court Workum Record group Lower Court Workum Nedergerecht Workum Reference code : 13.44 Period : 1550–1811 Extent : 316 items, 24.9 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the lower court of Workum. It contains documents regarding its civil, criminal and voluntary justice, and books of minutes and missives. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1550–1809 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the books of minutes, books of sentences, court rolls and case les, which may include cases involving Baltic Sea traders and merchants from Workum. Also important are deeds of sales and registers of mortgages, which include information on ships, and registers of ship’s passports. • • • • • • •

8–36: Court rolls, 1634–1809 (29 volumes). 38–43 (–44): Books of minutes, 1617–1800 (–1807) (6 volumes). 46–110 (–112): Case les, 1600–1802 (–1811) (65 bundles). 115–125: Books of sentences, 1631–1811 (1 volumes). 239–246 (–249): Deeds of sale and registers of deeds of sale, 1550–1802 (–1811) (1 bundle, 7 volumes). 263–291 (–293): Registers of mortgages, including for example freighting contracts, 1615–1801 (–1811) (29 volumes). 294–296: Registers of ship’s passports, 1759–1802 (3 volumes).

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Accessibility “Inventaris van de archieven van de nedergerechten” (revised 1990, 2001), pp. 201–210; relevant pages also separately available online at the repository’s website. An index of family names in the registers of mortgages (inv. nos. 263–293) is available at the repository’s reading room (no. 13.46). Many of the registers are too damaged to be consulted, but microches are available (see under “Copies”). Record creator / provenance The town of Workum is one of the Friesian trading towns that were active in the medieval and early modern period. Like the towns of Hindeloopen and Stavoren, it developed a trading link with the Baltic Sea region that lasted into the eighteenth century. Copies Microches of all the relevant items can be accessed in the repository’s reading room, in drawers 574 (inv. nos. 8–36, 38–43, 46–65), 575 (inv. nos. 66–110, 115–125) 577 (inv. nos. 239–246, 263–280) and 578 (inv. nos. 281–291, 294–296).

Microches of Documents Regarding the Administration of Friesland, of which the Originials are Kept at the General State Archives in Brussels Record group Microches of Documents Regarding the Administration of Friesland, of which the Originials are Kept at the General State Archives in Brussels Microches van stukken betreffende het bestuur van Friesland, waarvan de originelen in het Algemeen Rijksarchief te Brussel berusten Reference code :2 Period : (1498) 1524–1581 (1598) Extent : 376 microches (originals c. 3 metres)

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Abstract This collection consists of microches of documents kept at the State Archives in Brussels regarding the administration of Friesland by the Habsburg dukes from 1515 to 1580. The main part consists of correspondence between the governors and the stadtholders of Friesland. Also included are letters from state and provincial ofcials regarding politics, nances, conicts, the state army, the Reformation, legal cases and matters like the upkeep of dykes and the management of state property. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1526–1590 : Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands : Dutch, French, Low German

Relevant are a few letters regarding shipping between the Friesian towns and the Baltic Sea and conicts concerning this shipping. All these papers are to be found in the section of documents from the archives of the audiëntie. CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN STADTHOLDER TOUTENBURG AND THE GOVERNESSES MARGARET OF AUSTRIA AND MARY OF HUNGARY AND THEIR CHAMBERLAIN •

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41, 44: Letters regarding a conict between Friesland and Hamburg regarding the ownership of a vessel, 1526, 1527 (ches: inv. no. 94, f. 83, and inv. no. 94, f. 90). 104: Documents concerning a warning of the stadtholder with the Court of Friesland to skippers for a possible attack by Denmark and Lübeck, 1532 (che: inv. no. 94, f. 244).

CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN GOVERNESS MARGARET OF PARMA AND STADTHOLDER ARENBERG AND OTHERS •

263: Letters regarding the treatment of the petition of Reyner Claeszoon, burgomaster of Harlingen, in which he requests letters of safe-conduct for his trading mission to the countries bordering the Baltic Sea, 1567 (che: inv. no. 293, f. 96/98).

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CORRESPONDENCE OF THE GOVERNESSES MARGARET OF AUSTRIA AND MARY OF HUNGARY WITH STADTHOLDER TOUTENBURG AND OTHERS •

709: Letters of the secret council at Brussels to the Court of Friesland regarding ships from Denmark and Norway (drafts), 1536–1541 (che: inv. no. 1530, f. 79/93).

CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE GOVERNESS MARY OF HUNGARY AND THE COURT OF FRIESLAND •

880: Letters regarding complaints from Denmark concerning soldiers of the Friesian Stadtholder Di Robles who have supposedly done Danish skippers out of their money and cargo, 1573–1577 (che: inv. no. 1704–2, ff. 204/251/259/361).

CORRESPONDENCE OF THE GOVERNORS OF PARMA AND PETER ERNST VAN MANSFELD WITH VARIOUS PEOPLE •

1031: Instructions and letter of safe-conduct for George of Westendorp and his report of a diplomatic mission to Hamburg, 1579–1790 (che: inv. no. 1798–3, ff. 20/24/25/26/28).

Accessibility M. Gravendeel et al., Collectie microches van stukken betreffende het bestuur van Friesland waarvan de originelen in het ARA te Brussel berusten (1498) 1522–1581 (1598) (Leeuwarden, 1998), including introduction in Dutch; also available online at the repository’s website. The microches can be accessed in the reading room at drawer no. 702. Custodial history In the Friesian provincial archives, there is only a small number of documents concerning the administration of Friesland until 1580. To ll this gap, the repository has acquired microches of documents regarding this period at other repositories. For the period from 1515 to 1580 many documents can be found at the State Archives (Algemeen Rijksarchief ) at Brussels, because Friesland was ruled by the Habsburg dukes in these years and the archives of the central administration of the Habsburg Netherlands are kept there.

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Publications •

Blok, P.J., “Brusselsche Archivalia, belangrijk voor Noord-Nederland, uit de 15de en 16de eeuw”, in: Nederlands Archievenblad (1893/1894), pp. 21–26.

Old Birth, Death and Marriage Registry Record group Old Birth, Death and Marriage Registry Oude Burgerlijke Stand Reference code : 27 Period : 1543–1812 Extent : 1032 items, 24.6 metres Abstract This collection consists of the retroacts of the Birth, Death and Marriage Registry of the Friesland municipalities. Of each of the municipalities, the baptismal and birth registers, the marriage registers, the burial and death registers and any mixed registers that were kept by the church congregations and the municipalities until 1812 are listed. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1543–1838 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

A random check in the online search engine (available at the repository’s website) has proven that the birth, death and marriage registers of almost all the municipalities come up with immigrants from the Baltic Sea region. Especially popular seem to have been Leeuwarden, Dokkum, Harlingen, Sneek, Franeker and the Friesian islands. People from the Baltic Sea area (with their place of origin) appear not only in the marriage registers (which are fully searchable online), but also in the baptismal and burial registers (of which the digitisation process is in progress).

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Accessibility Oude archieven van de burgerlijke stand in Friesland (revised 1989), with introduction in Dutch; also available online at: www.archieven.nl. The marriage registers and part of the baptismal and burial registers are searchable online. Indices of family names are available in the repository’s reading room. Record creator / provenance In 1812, the Birth, Death and Marriage Registry came into existence in Friesland. All church congregations were ordered to surrender their baptismal/birth, marriage and burial/death registers, which came to function as retroacts to the Registry. Later on, the municipal collections were sent to the provincial archives of Friesland and merged into one collection. Copies Of inv. nos. 1–893, microches are available in the reading room in drawer 701.

Placards and Publications Collection Record group Placards and Publications Collection Verzameling plakkaten, publicatiën Reference code : 346 Period : 1580–1795 Extent : 2.95 metres Abstract This collection consists of placards and publications collected by the States of Friesland. It includes publications from the States General, the States of Friesland, the Stadtholder and the Representative States of Friesland. The materials are arranged by date.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1647–1781 : Denmark, Finland, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are some placards and publications regarding trade and shipping to the Baltic Sea region and general regulations regarding these subjects. •

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1647 Aug 15: Ban by the States of Friesland to store Friesian, Scottish, Enkhuizen or other salt in Lüneburg barrels, and to sell it as Lüneburg salt. 1656 Mar 20: Placard by the States of Friesland concerning the salaries, salvage dues and expenses with regard to goods cast ashore. 1677 Apr 13/14: Publication of the States General regarding the salvage dues on ships and goods regained from the enemy. 1677 Jun 9: Warning by the Stadtholder and Representative States concerning piracy on the Friesian coast. 1688 Feb 23: Ordinance by the States General that skippers intending to unload their cargo must notify the authorities of this within 24 hours of their arrival at a port. 1688 Feb 23: Placard by the States General regarding the lastage for incoming and outgoing ships. 1688 Mar 17: Permission by the States General to set sail before 10 April to get wood from Swedish and other Baltic Sea ports, and to import wood from there after 20 September. 1691 Jan 6: Ban by the States General on shipping to the west, east and north, except for the ships of the East and West India Companies and some other vessels. 1691 Jun 28: Publication by the States General that private shipping is again thrown open, but that every fth man has to be given up to do service in the national eet. 1691 Aug 6: Publication by the States General that shipping to the east and north is thrown open again regarding merchandise of which the im- and export is not forbidden. 1691 Nov 6: Ban by the States General on shipping to the west, east and north, except for ships of the East and West India Companies and some others. 1692 May 20: Publication by the States General that shipping to the east is thrown open again, but that every fth man has to be given up to do service in the national eet.

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1693 Nov 13: Ban by the States General on all shipping to the west, east and north and on all shing. 1699 Dec 22: Publication by the States General regarding the dues on merchandise. 1702 Jun 6: Placard by the States General regarding lastage (last- en veilgeld) on incoming and outgoing ships. 1713 Dec 21: Notication by the Representative States of Friesland that ships sailing to countries at war with Sweden have to carry an ordinaris sea brief. 1715 Dec 3: Ban by the Representative States of Friesland to import horned cattle, except for oxes from Denmark and Jutland, which have to be imported by sea. 1716 Mar 19: Permission by the Representative States of Friesland to import oxes and cows from Jutland by sea by Friesian skippers, and a ban on the export of horned cattle. 1718 Jun 3: Notication by the Representative States of Friesland that ships carrying goods subject to impost may not anchor at roadsteads or beaches, but have to remain at sea or sail into port to declare the goods. 1722 Feb 27: Notication by the States of Friesland that persons who have any pretensions at the expense of Denmark, should address the Generality at Harlingen. 1724 Mar 18: Placard of the States of Friesland regarding the payment of tun dues by ships passing the Amelander Gat. 1725 Jul 4: Placard by the Representative States of Friesland against violence committed against ships and goods in distress having not been abandoned by the skipper and the crew. 1725 Jul 31: Placard by the States General regarding the levying of convooien en licenten (a lastage levied for the protection of shipping) and lastage on ships. 1728 Dec 3: Publication by the States General regarding a ban by the Swedes and Finns against the import of goods which are not from their own countries or colonies. 1769 Jan 10: Publication by Stadtholder William V and the Representative States of Friesland regarding the treatment of drowned persons. 1780 Jan 26: Placard by the States General regulating that sea vessels may not sail until they have given every third man to the Board of Admiralty under which they come. 1780 Jan 26: Ban by the States General to export ship’s materials and ships. 1781 Mar 8: Ban by the States of Friesland to build sea vessels.

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1781 Mar 23: Publication by the Stadtholder and Representative States of Friesland withdrawing the ban on the building of sea vessels. 1781 Sep 3: Publication by the States General regarding the levying of a due known as the Borcumse vuurgeld (Borkum are dues). 1781 Nov 14: Publication by the States General regarding the ban on the sale of sea vessels built in 1781 or thereafter, and the equipage in the Netherlands of ships to be sold abroad.

Accessibility S.A. Waller-Zeper, “Chronologische lijst van plakkaten, publicatiën etc.”, handwritten (not available online).

Stadtholders’ Archives: Friesland Record group Stadtholders’ Archives: Friesland Stadhouderlijk Archief: Friesland Reference code :7 Period : 1584–1777 Extent : 907 items, 26.8 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the Stadtholders of Friesland, a branch of the Nassau family (Nassau-Dietz) of which members in 1702 also became Princes of Orange. It includes correspondence of some of the stadtholders, documents regarding their household, property and nances, and private matters, and documents concerning administrative and military subjects, both with regard to the province of Friesland and their domains in Germany. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1604–1720 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are a few pieces regarding trade and diplomatic relations with the Baltic Sea region and the maintenance of harbours and waterworks.

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ADMINISTRATIVE AND MILITARY MATTERS Friesland as a whole •

453: Complaint of the sub-delegates of the Hanseatic towns to the States General regarding trade barriers, with a letter from the States General in reply to this, promising to recommend to the States of Friesland and the town council of Leeuwarden to deal with the complaints regarding the treatment of skippers from Bremen (copies), 1604 (2 pieces).

Towns of Friesland Harlingen • • •

504: Documents regarding the maintenance of the waterworks at sea, 1642, 1652, 1708, 1715 (1 folder). 505: Documents regarding the deepening and widening of the harbour at Harlingen, 1694 (1 folder). 507: Request of the town council of Harlingen to the States of Friesland to be allowed to found a company of navigation and commerce, including regulation of this company in formation, 1720 (2 pieces) [n.b.: the formation was not allowed].

Stavoren •

558: Documents regarding the mediation of Stadtholder Willem Frederik with King Christian IV of Denmark, for the benet of the skippers of Stavoren, whose privileges with regard to the passage through the Sound had been violated, 1642 (3 pieces).

Generality Foreign affairs • • •

637: Newsletters from the resident at Hamburg and Lübeck to Stadtholder Willem Frederik, 1656, 1661–1664 (1 bundle). 639: Newsletters from the diplomatic representatives in other states, 1660–1664 (1 bundle). 642: Reports to the States General or its registrar from diplomatic representatives of the Dutch Republic in Brunswick/Lüneburg, Denmark, Hamburg/Lübeck, Savoy, Sweden and Switzerland (copies), 1693 (1 folder).

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643: Reports to the registrar of the States General from diplomatic representatives of the Dutch Republic in Sweden and Denmark and with the German Emperor, resolutions of the States General and other documents regarding, among other things, disputes between the Republic and Denmark/Sweden concerning the arrest of merchant vessels (copies), 1693–1695 (1 folder).

Accessibility A.P. van Nienes and M. Bruggeman, Archieven van de Friese stadhouders. Inventarissen van de archieven van de Friese stadhouders van Willem Lodewijk tot en met Willem V, 1584–1795 (Hilversum, etc., 2002), pp. 355ff; also available (split up into sections) online at the repository’s website. Custodial history Only the papers regarding the public life of the various stadtholders are kept at Tresoar. The personal papers (which also include documents regarding public matters) were moved to the archives of the Royal House in The Hague. The inventories of these papers, however, can also be found at the repository’s website as being held in Leeuwarden. Related materials •

Archives of the Royal House (Koninklijk Huisarchief ), The Hague: archives of the Friesian Stadtholders, sorted by name of the various stadtholders and their wives.

States of Friesland 1580–1795 Record group States of Friesland 1580–1795 Staten van Friesland 1580–1795 Reference code :5 Period : 1580–1795 Extent : 7497 items, 125.5 metres Abstract These archives consist of the papers of the States of Friesland and the Representative States of Friesland from 1580 to 1795. They include reso-

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lutions, correspondence and documents regarding specic matters such as legislation, relations with the Generality, property, nances, taxes, justice, waterworks, trafc, public works and education. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1578–1795 : Denmark, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the resolutions and correspondence of both the States and the Representative States, which include decisions and information on trade and diplomatic relations with the Baltic Sea region. Also important are some documents regarding the relations with the Generality, such as resolutions of the States General and missives from Dutch envoys abroad, and documents regarding the salvage of otsam and jetsam, and the maintenance of the Harlingen harbour. STATES OF FRIESLAND Documents of a general nature Resolutions • • •

1–202: Resolutions, 1580–1795 (1 bundle and 201 volumes). 203, 207–264: Resolutions, 1580–1741, contemporary copies (1 bundle and 58 volumes). 266–269: Secret resolutions, 1671–1795 (4 volumes).

Incoming documents • •

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270: Incoming documents, 1580–1678 (1 bundle). 271–946: Landdagstukken, incoming documents with lists of matters to be dealt with on the Landdag (meeting of the States), 1683–1795 (681 bundles). 947: Incoming documents, 1683–1794 (1 bundle). 948–950: Incoming documents and resolutions of the States and Representative States, 1580–1794, contemporary copies (3 bundles). 951–953: Incoming documents and resolutions of the States, Representative States and the States General, 1615–1794, contemporary copies (3 bundles).

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Documents of a specic nature Relations with the Generality • • •

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1007–1348: Resolutions of the States General, 1583–1793, contemporary copies (342 volumes). 1349–1353: Incoming and outgoing documents of the States General, 1580–1794, contemporary copies (5 volumes). 1354–1357 Registers of missives of delegates of Friesland at the Generality, missives and secret missives of Dutch envoys abroad to the States General, 1670–1673 (4 volumes). 1358–1367: Incoming documents sent by the delegates of Friesland at the Generality, 1701–1785, 1795 (10 volumes). 1478: Treaties between the States General and foreign authorities, 1608–1784, comtemporary copies (1 bundle). 1481–1539: Missives of Dutch envoys abroad to the States General, 1744–1795, partly copied, partly printed (59 bundles). 1540–1541: Secret missives of Dutch envoys abroad to the States General, 1728–1735, contemporary copies (2 bundles). 1544: Register of the correspondence between Hans Heinrich von Stöchen, Danish commissioner, and J. de la Bassecour, pensionary of Amsterdam, and an anonymous friend, 1713–1741, copies 1741 (1 volume).

Property and nances •

1546: Register, including a resolution of 1655 regarding the instruction of a committee in charge of setting up a regulation concerning the compensation of grietmannen (bailiffs) and magistrates for the salvage of otsam and jetsam, and reports of this committee, 1655 (1 volume).

REPRESENTATIVE STATES OF FRIESLAND (1578) 1580–1795 Documents of a general nature Resolutions • • • •

2285: Register including resolutions, 1579–1585 (1 volume). 2289–2467: Resolutions, 1586–1794, with gaps (179 volumes). 2468–2472: Register of copies of resolutions of the Representative States and of missives and requests to them, 1590–1660 (5 volumes). 2473–2475: Secret resolutions, 1653–1798 (3 volumes).

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2503–2503: Repertoria on the resolutions 1600–1754, [1760] (2 volumes). 2504–2516: Appendices to the resolutions, 1587–1795, with gaps (13 bundles).

Correspondence • • •

2517–2521: Registers of copies of incoming and outgoing documents, 1596–1598 and 1614–1688 (5 volumes). 2522–2528: (Registers of ) incoming missives, 1578–1795 (5 bundles and 2 volumes). 2529–2546: Drafts and registers of outgoing documents, 1580–1795 (1 bundle and 17 volumes); index on registers under no. 2547, from 1689–1708 (1 volume).

Placards •

2548: Register of placards and publications of the Representative States, 1714–1751 (1 volume).

Documents of a specic nature Public works •

3063: Documents regarding the maintenance of the harbour and other waterworks in Harlingen, 1694, 1742, 1746, 1781–1787 (1 bundle).

Accessibility S.P. de Jonge, Inventaris van de archieven van gewestelijke bestuursinstellingen van Friesland 1580–1795 (Leeuwarden, 1998); also available online at: www.archieven.nl. Several series of indices on the resolutions are available, the most useful of which are: * no. 5.26: M.J. Sefnga, O. Hellinga and R.M. van der Zwan, “Resoluties van de Staten van Friesland, regesten en indices op persoons-, zaak- en geograsche namen, 1580–1601, 1651–1780” (1987–1992), 8 Vols., which includes an index on geographical names in which several places in the Baltic Sea region can be found. * no. 5.35: “Resoluties en andere stukken van gedeputeerde staten van Friesland (1579) 1580–1601 (1608), regesten en indices” (1992), 3 Vols., which also includes an index on geographical names.

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Related materials • •

States of Friesland before 1580 (reference code: 3). Historic Centre Leeuwarden, Van Haren, etc. at Leeuwarden (reference code: 753), inv. no. 1: letter by ambassador Van Haren from Stockholm to the Representative States of Friesland, 1673.

States of Friesland before 1580 Record group States of Friesland before 1580 Staten van Friesland voor 1580 Reference code :3 Period : (1498) 1522–1580 Extent : 1302 items, 1 metre Abstract This compilation consists of papers of (parts of ) ve different collections concerning the administration of the States of Friesland, the Representative States, the Representatives in charge of accounts, and related documents. Included are acts, resolutions and appendices of the meetings of the States and Representatives, their correspondence and nancial adminstration, and documents regarding various subjects such as military matters, taxes and the administration of justice. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1504–1596 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the acts, resolutions and appendices of the meetings of the States and the resolutions of the Representative States, which contain decisions regarding trade and shipping. Also worth mentioning are documents regarding beaconage, tariffs for commodities and foreign journeys of representatives.

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STATES OF FRIESLAND •

1–396: Acts, resolutions and appendices of the meetings of the States of Friesland, 1504–1579. (The acts of many of the early meetings are missing, some of which are published in Groot Placaat- en Charterboek van Vriesland, see under “Publications”). Including: * 104 (appendix to a meeting of 1 July 1545): Proposal by the president of the secret council to the States of Friesland to urge them to provide the emperor with 60000 Carolus guilders to compensate for the costs of the war against Guelders and Zutphen and the promotion of free trade and shipping on the Baltic Sea, 1545 (copy).

REPRESENTATIVE STATES OF FRIESLAND • • •

401b: Resolutions of the Representative States of Friesland, 1579–1596 (1 volume). 867: Ordinance concerning beaconage, 1562 (copy) (1 piece). 881: Tariffs regarding the import into the Netherlands of wine, beer, meat, salted sh and herring, as well as other commodities, 1578 (1 piece).

REPRESENTATIVES IN CHARGE OF ACCOUNTS (GEDEPUTEERDEN TOT DE REKENING) •

992: Register of ordinances regarding payments and bills of several people, for example regarding travel reimbursements and advances for internal and external journeys, 1554 (1 quire).

Accessibility J.G. Avis and B.H. de Vries, Inventaris van de archieven van gewestelijke bestuursinstellingen van Friesland (1498) 1522–1580 (Leeuwarden, 1998, revision of an inventory from 1964), with introduction in Dutch; also available online at the repository’s website. Related materials •

States of Friesland 1580–1795 (reference code: 5).

Publications •

Groot Placaat- en Charterboek van Vriesland, 5 Vols. (Leeuwarden, 1718–1793).

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Thoe Schwartzenberg and Hohelansberg Family Record group Thoe Schwartzenberg and Hohelansberg Family Familie Thoe Schwartzenberg en Hohelansberg Reference code : 326 Period : 1304–1893 Extent : 4351 items, 21.75 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the Thoe Schwartzenberg and Hohelansberg family. It includes manuscripts regarding many family members and other Friesian families, as well as documents concerning various subjects such as foreign politics, the East India Company (VOC), the administration of regions and towns, waterworks, church matters, Franeker university, justice, military matters, nances and trade. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1586–1782 : Denmark, Germany, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, Latin

Relevant are some items regarding waterworks and regarding diplomatic relations and trade with the Baltic Sea region. FOREIGN POLITICS • • • •

•

2247: Decision of Robert, count of Leicester, giving permission for the export of Friesian cheese to Hamburg (copy), 1586 (1 piece). 2254: Letter of Ambrosius Spinola to King Christian of Denmark (copy), 1621 (1 piece). 2283: Missives of various ambassadors, consuls, residents, etc., stationed abroad to the States General (copies), 1694–1698 (1 folder). 2289: Resolutions of the States General regarding the request of Burmania, ambassador in Sweden, for new letters of credence (copy), 1720 (1 piece). 2298: Missives of various ambassadors stationed abroad to the States General (copies), 1732 (6 pieces).

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• •

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2323: Missives of Mattheus Lestevenon, ambassador in Paris, M. de Swart, envoy in St. Petersburg, and W. van Haren, representative in Brussels (copy), 1750 (1 piece). 2334: Resolution of the States of Friesland regarding the res and beacons put up by Denmark at the entrance of the Sound, 1772 (1 piece). 2342: Resolution of the States of Friesland regarding an agreement between Russia, Denmark and Sweden, written by Georg Frederik Thoe Schwartzenberg (draft), 1780 (1 piece).

THE NETHERLANDS • •

2398: Resolution of the States General as a reaction to a missive from Bremen (printed), 1670 (1 piece). 2433: Placard of the States General regarding the taking of precautionary measures against a contagious disease raging in Holstein at the time, 1712 (1 piece).

CANALS, SLEUCES, DIKES AND BRIDGES •

•

3019: Articles and ordinances concerning the harbour and the entering of ships into the harbour of Harlingen, 1737; missing at the time of research. 3021: Report regarding the deepening of a sandbank called “de Pollen” in the sailing route towards the Vlie, 1782 (1 piece).

TRADE AND AGRICULTURE •

• • • •

3716: Deduction by the States of Holland and West-Friesland to the States General, arguing that the grain trade should not be burdened (printed), 1671 (1 quire). 3722: Placard of the States General recalling former placards banning trade with the enemy (printed), 1690 (1 piece). 3728: Report to the States of Friesland concerning a request by merchants from Harlingen regarding import duties, 1701 (1 piece). 3735: Report to the States of Friesland regarding the investigation into the founding of a commerce company (copy), 1719 (1 piece). 3741–3744: Various documents regarding the redress of the decline of Dutch trade, 1752–1755 (1 quire, 2 pieces, 1 folder).

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Accessibility “Familiearchief Thoe Schwartzenberg en Hohenlansberg”, 2 Vols.; also available online at the repository’s website.

Town Council Stavoren Record group Town Council Stavoren Stadsbestuur Stavoren Reference code : 70.01 Period : 1331–1816 Extent : 247 items, 4.23 metres Abstract This collection consists of the remaining administration of the town council of Stavoren until 1816. It is divided into sections before and after 1580 and includes correspondence, regulations and ordinances, privileges, nancial administration and documents regarding elections, ofces, population, property, taxes, public order, public works, trafc and trade, charity, church matters, education and military matters. Also included are the archives of the great skippers’ guild and the customs ofce. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1331–1816 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, Latin, Low German

Relevant are privileges and other documents with regard to Baltic Sea trade, and papers concerning relations with the Hanseatic League, the harbour, ships and shipwrecks. Also important are resolutions and town laws including decisions on trade, shipping and the harbour, and the archives of the great skippers’ guild.

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TOWN GOVERNMENT 1331–1580 •

• •

•

1: Incoming documents, 1539–1579 (1 folder), including a placard of Emperor Charles V regarding the import of grain from the Baltic Sea region, 1551 (1 piece). 7: Privileges and other documents concerning trade with the countries bordering the Baltic Sea, 1331–1522 (2 charters, 2 pieces). 8a: Conrmation by Lübeck of the privilege granted to Stavoren as a member of the Hanseatic League by King Louis XI of France regarding freedom of trade, 1480 (1 charter). 10: Acts in which the councils, messengers and delegates of the Cologne Third of the German Hanse declare that Stavoren is registered with the Hanse and should be treated accordingly, 1549 (1 charter).

TOWN GOVERNMENT 1580–1816 General Town Administration • • • •

15–21: Resolution books of the town council, 1610–1802 (7 volumes). 24: Register, includes copies of old town laws, c. 1640 (1 volume). 38–42: Incoming documents from the Representative States of Friesland and its successors, 1682–1811 (1 folder, 1 volume, 3 bundles). 43: Incoming documents, 1581–1815 (1 bundle).

Population •

55: Burgerboek, register of new burghers, 1661–1806 (1 volume).

Finances •

•

•

61: Request to the Provincial Council of Friesland to be allowed to levy an extra half stiver on every can of beer for fteen years for the benet of the reparation of the dyke and the southern jetty (zuiderhavenhoofd), with approbation of the Provincial Council, 1643 (1 piece). 69–74: Registers of the farming out of taxes on alcoholic beverages, of the market toll, harbour dues, lockage, tollage, bridge toll, beaconage, and postage, of the butter scales, shing rights, loan ofce, etc., 1623–1812 (6 volumes), with appendices in no. 75, 1636–1806 (1 folder). 81–85: Account books, 1661–1809 (5 volumes), with receipts and other appendices in no. 87, 1660–1816 (1 bundle).

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Public order •

178, 179: Documents concerning ships cast ashore, and the salvage and sale of goods found on board, 1703–1804 (1 volume, 1 folder).

Public works •

•

• • •

•

• •

•

183, 184: Record with specications and conditions of contracting-out, accounts and other documents concerning various works, concerning among other things maintenance of the dike, harbour, bridges, sluice, the planning of the sh market, etc., 1613–1802 (1 bundle, 1 volume). 190: Charter of the Provincial Council of Friesland to Laeglius van Lycklema for the levying of a toll at the Galama dam, including regulations and a list of tariffs, with appendices, 1622 (1 quire, 3 pieces). 196: Register of ships and their owners to whom ship’s passports were issued, 1745–1803 (1 volume). 201: Regulation concerning the mooring of ships for the (week) market, 1797 (1 piece). 202: Hansereces (minutes of a Hanseatic meeting) regarding the nonadmittance to the meeting of the representative from Stavoren, unless the town pays the overdue membership fee of 810 rijksdaalders (copy), 1604 (1 piece). 203: Charter in which Fridrich Poppinck, chancellor of Lübeck, declares that Joannes Hoppener, representative of Stavoren, has handed him three Danish privileges (from 1326, 1363 and 1478), 1604 (1 piece). 204: Missive of King Sigismund III of Poland to the Hanseatic towns, in which he conrms his claims on the Swedish throne, 1615 (1 piece). 205: Letter of the town council of Cologne to the town of Groningen regarding a Hanseatic meeting, with a request to invite Bolsward and Stavoren as well, 1621 (1 piece). 206: Charter in which King Christian IV of Denmark and Norway conrms the privilege regarding tolls in the Sound granted by King Waldemar, 1642 (1 piece).

GREAT SKIPPERS’ GUILD •

1G: Charter of agreement between the “common seafaring great skippers within Stavoren”, regarding the founding of a guild and the donation of a Leiden cloth to the publican in the Sound, 1539, with a conrmation by the town court, 1564 (1 charter).

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2G: Election by the great skippers and other seamen of two former great skippers as the administrators of their money and goods, 1648 (1 piece).

Accessibility “Inventaris van het oud-archief van de gemeente Staveren”; also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance Stavoren is the oldest trading town in Friesland and its inhabitants were already active in the Baltic Sea region in the Viking Age. The town had a vitte at Skanör and was a member of the Hanse. Although Stavoren had its heyday in the Middle Ages, trade continued well into the eighteenth century.

Van Haren Family Record group Van Haren Family Familie Van Haren Reference code Period Extent

: 333 : (1427) 1515–1869 : 211 items, 1.37 metres

Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the Van Haren family, who came from Germany to Friesland in the sixteenth century. It consists of documents of a personal nature of various members of the family, as well as documents regarding the ofce of some of them. It also includes some documents of the Van Hogendorp family, the executor of the estate of the poet Willem van Haren, as well as documents from other sources regarding the Van Haren family. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1644–1685 : Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch

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Relevant are documents regarding some diplomatic missions to Denmark and Sweden, to be found in two sections: DOCUMENTS OF THE MEMBERS OF THE VAN HAREN FAMILY: WILLEM VAN HAREN •

•

• •

42: Account of Johan de Witt as member of a delegation of the States General to Denmark and Sweden (copy, fragment), 1644–1645 (1 folder). 44–46: Documents regarding the participation of Willem van Haren in the mediation at the peace negotiations between Denmark and Sweden, 1659–1660 (2 folders, 1 bundle). 51–58: Documents regarding Willem van Haren’s rst mission to Sweden, 1671–1673 (1 charter, 2 quires, 2 folders, 3 bundles). 65–68: Documents regarding Willem van Haren’s second mission to Sweden, 1683–1685 (4 folders).

DOCUMENTS OF J. HALBERTSMA, J. VAN LEEUWEN, W. EEKHOFF AND OTHERS REGARDING THE VAN HAREN FAMILY •

190: Journal of Johan Wolfsen, secretary to Willem van Haren during the latter’s mission to Sweden from 1671 to 1673, 1671–1674, copy of 1861 (1 volume).

Accessibility A. van Dalfsen, Voorlopige inventaris Familiearchief Van Haren (1427) 1527–1825 (1869) (Leeuwarden, 1985); also available online at the repository’s website.

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REGIONAL HISTORICAL CENTRE LEIDEN Regionaal Historisch Centrum Leiden Leiden www.leidenarchief.nl

Daniël van der Meulen and his Wife Hester de la Faille Record group Daniël van der Meulen and his Wife Hester de la Faille Daniël van der Meulen en zijn vrouw Hester de la Faille Reference code : 96 Period : 1550–1600 (1648) Abstract This record group consists of the papers of Daniël van der Meulen and his wife Hester de la Faille. It contains documents regarding his private life, marriage contracts, wills and private correspondence, as well as records concerning his business, such as account books and other nancial registers, price lists, lists of commodities and other documents concerning sea shipping. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1571–1600 : Denmark, Finland, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Most of the material is relevant, as it concerns Van der Meulen’s trade to the Baltic Sea region:

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PRIVATE DOCUMENTS • • •

6: Account of a journey from Bremen, via Oldenburg, Deteren, Emden, Harlingen and Amsterdam to Leiden, 1593 (1 volume). 8: Accounts of travel expenses, 1597–1600 (19 pieces). 85: Documents regarding Aernt Okelman from Bremen, who was held prisoner in the Gevangenenpoort in The Hague, 1597–1598 (3 folders).

DOCUMENTS REGARDING TRADING ACTIVITIES OF DANIËL VAN DER MEULEN • • • • • • • • • • •

87: Cashbook, 1587 (1 volume). 89: Financial journal, 1594 (1 volume). 90: Cashbook, 1594 (1 piece). 91: Cashbook, 1596 (1 piece). 92: Exchange rates and prices of commodities, 1581–1600 (84 pieces). 94: Invoices and lists of commodities, 1588–1598 (4 folders). 95: Invoices of delivered commodities, 1592–1596 (1 folder). 96: Documents regarding trade matters, 1592–1600 (17 pieces). 102: Declaration by Judocus de Volgele, Van der Meulen’s factor in Bremen, regarding a false invoice from Naples, 1596 (1 box). 103: Notes regarding accounts of sales of commodities on several markets, including Hamburg, 1596–1599 (28 pieces). 110: Documents regarding masts from Åbo (Turku) in Finland, late sixteenth century (6 pieces).

DOCUMENTS REGARDING OVERSEAS SHIPPING • •

113: Shipping reports, 1589 (2 pieces). 114–120: Documents concerning the delivery of passports, accounts and returns, and regarding the loading of several ships, including De Eenhoorn, De Heremyt, De Salamander and De Zwarte Ruiter, 1589–1600 (84 pieces).

BOOKKEEPING AND ACCOUNTS • •

149: Accounts from Bremen, 1587–1595 (29 pieces). 152: Accounts from Peeter Janssen from Stockholm, 1591–1597 (18 pieces).

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162: Accounts regarding the “Old Company”, 1581–1587 (13 pieces). 163: Accounts regarding the “New Naples Company”, 1594–1597 (24 pieces). 164–172: Lists of debtors and accounts from several merchants, 1571–1600 (266 pieces).

PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

261: Letters sent by Jan van Eeckeren from Hamburg, 1591–1597 (2 pieces). 262: Letters sent by Robert van Eeckeren from Bremen, 1587–1600 (8 pieces). 307: Letter sent by A. Ancelmo from Stade, 1593 (1 piece). 327: Letter sent by François Boudewijns Blericom from Stade, 1600 (1 piece). 331: Letter sent by Brun Bruunsen from Bremen, 1597 (1 piece). 341: Letters sent by Otto van During from Bremen, 1591–1597 (8 pieces). 370: Letters sent by Christophus Hellerius from Bremen, 1599–1600 (6 pieces). 371: Letters sent by Claude Herlin from Bremen and Stade, 1592–1595 (12 pieces). 380: Letters sent by Henricus Isselbrug from Bremen, 1599–1600 (9 pieces). 397: Letters sent by Tobias Coenius from Bremen, 1591–1596 (2 pieces). 404: Letters sent by Johan Krefting from Bremen, 1592–1596 (6 pieces). 427: Letter sent by Jan Manuchet from Bremen, 1594 (1 piece). 431: Letter sent by Anne de Meetkerke from Helsingør, 1593 (1 piece). 452: Letters sent by Christoffel Pezelin from Bremen, 1592–1598 (6 pieces). 467: Letters sent by Nicolaus Reguenstorff from Bremen, 1598 (1 piece). 497: Letters sent by Laurentius Scradeus from Bremen, 1594–1595 (3 pieces). 510: Letter sent by Hendrik Zabel from Bremen, 1598 (1 piece). 511: Letters sent by T. Zerneman from Brussels and Bremen, 1597–1598 (2 pieces).

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BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE • • • • • • • •

524: Letters sent by Hans Berrewijn from Hamburg, 1590–1600 (20 pieces). 557: Copy of a letter sent by Jan Janssen from Bremen, late sixteenth century (1 piece). 568: Letter sent by Albert Claesz. from Stockholm, 1596 (1 piece). 569: Letter sent by Johan Klamp from Bremen, 1591 (1 piece). 572: Letters sent by Aernt van Collen from Lübeck, 1595 (2 pieces). 579: Letters sent by Antonio l’Empereur from Bremen and Utrecht 1591–1600 (110 pieces). 593: Letters sent by Andries van der Meulen from Antwerp and (from 1586) from Bremen, 1584–1610 (344 pieces). 621: Letters sent by Hans Schott from Hamburg, Amsterdam and Stade, 1593–1596 (55 pieces).

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance Daniël van der Meulen (1550–1600) and his wife Hester de La Faille (1582–1648) belonged to the large group of Flemish immigrants who ed the southern Low Countries during the Revolt. Settling in Leiden, between 1580 and 1600 Daniël van der Meulen founded two trading companies maintaining contacts with Germany, Scandinavia, France, Belgium, Italy and the Far East. Copies Several letters are available on microche in the reading room. Publications •

Jongbloet-van Houtte, G., Brieven en andere bescheiden betreffende Daniël van der Meulen, 1584–1600 (Rijksgeschiedkundige Publicatiën, Grote serie, 196) (The Hague, 1986).

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De la Court Family Record group De la Court Family Familie De la Court Reference code : 23 Period : 1618–1926 Extent : 596 items Abstract These archives consist of the papers of the De la Court family. They contain documents of a personal nature of various members of the family and of related families (Van der Voort, Stockmans, De La Court van der Voort, Poelaart, Groenendijk, du Nois, Backer and De Bye), as well as business documents, such as bookkeeping and correspondence. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1680–1753 : Germany, Russia, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the papers of Pieter de La Court Van der Voort, his son Allard de la Court and of his brother-in-law Jan Poelaart, which concern trade to the Baltic Sea region. DOCUMENTS REGARDING INDIVIDUAL FAMILY MEMBERS Pieter de la Court van der Voort (1664–1739) • •

•

33: Various trading contracts (contracten van negotie), 1692–1736 (6 pieces). 34–39: Various bookkeeping registers, such as ledgers and cashbooks, of the trading company of Pieter de La Court and his son Allard, 1734–1753 (6 volumes). 55A-W: Documents regarding the foundation of a Nordic trading company by both Pieter de la Court van der Voort and his son Allard, including legal recommendations, protests from the Dutch East India Company (VOC), reports on ice conditions at sea, a request for a permit (octrooi)

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and declarations by the States General, 1664–1720 (23 volumes, pieces and folders). Poelaart family • •

75: Business letters sent by J. Notturft from Hamburg to Jan Poelaart & Son, 1719 (5 pieces). 77: Business letters sent by Jan van Acker from St. Petersburg regarding deliveries of hemp and brushes, 1724–1726 (17 pieces).

Allard de la Court (1680–1755) • • •

135–149: Various nancial registers, 1717–1757 (15 volumes). 165: Business letters sent by Jan van Acker from St. Petersburg, 1724– 1727 (10 pieces). 170: Documents regarding the ownership of shares of ships, 1731 (5 pieces).

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance The De la Court family settled in Leiden around 1613 as protestant immigrants who had ed the southern Low Countries. The family made a fortune in the Leiden cloth industry and established itself as a member of the local political, economic and intellectual elite. Pieter de La Court (1618–1685) was an economist and businessman, renowned for his treatises on the economic importance of free competition, and an uncompromising advocate. One of his relatives, Pieter de La Court van der Voort (1664–1739) was a millionaire who, as his international correspondence reveals, showed a great interest in garden architecture. He maintained trading contacts with England, France, Italy and the Far East and tried to found a Nordic trading company with his son Allard De La Court (1680–1755). They both also had trading contacts in Germany and Russia. Allard’s in-laws of the Poelaart family ran a trading company in Hamburg that maintained contacts with St. Petersburg. Both families were related through the marriage between Pieter de la Court van der Voort and Sarah Poelaart (1666–1740).

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Notaries Located in Leiden Record group Notaries Located in Leiden Notarissen ter standplaats Leiden Reference code : 506–507 Period : 1564–1916 Extent : 2760 items, 458 metres Abstract This record group consists of the notarial archives of the town of Leiden. It includes the drafts of notarial deeds of all the notaries who maintained an ofce in Leiden up to 1811 (old notarial archives) and up to 1916 (new notarial archives). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1577–1810 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

The entire collection up to 1811 is relevant with regard to Baltic Sea trade, as it contains deeds regarding trading contracts, guarantees, debts and transfers of goods. Also relevant in the deeds is information concerning sailors from Leiden, who mainly took service on ships sailing to the East and West Indies, but also to the Baltic Sea. Items 1–196 consist of drafts of notarial deeds of 196 Leiden notaries, dating from 1577–1810 (2659 volumes and folders). Accessibility W.J.C. Bijleveld, “De oude notariële acten van Leiden”, in: Verslagen omtrent ‘s-Rijks oude archieven, XLIV/1 (1921), pp. 422–519. Record creator / provenance The town of Leiden was one of Holland’s major textile producing centres and markets from the fteenth to eighteenth centuries. As producers of cloth, Leiden entrepreneurs and merchants upheld regular contacts with the Baltic Sea region. Since Leiden was not situated on the coast, shipping towards the

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Baltic Sea was conducted via the harbour of Amsterdam. Leiden’s archives nonetheless reveal regular trading contacts with the region, whilst the local government was at the same time interested in political developments in the region for commercial reasons. Family collections from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries moreover reveal the importance of the direct trading relations between Leiden and the Baltic Sea region. When Leiden’s cloth industry declined from the last quarter of the seventeenth century, its commercial contacts with the Baltic Sea region also dwindled. Copies Most registers are available on microche or microlm in the reading room.

Old Judicial Archives of Leiden Record group Old Judicial Archives of Leiden Oud Rechterlijk Archief van Leiden Reference code : 508 Period : 1370–1811 Extent : 1765 items, 170 metres Abstract These archives consist of the judicial archives of the town of Leiden. They include all remaining material with regard to the administration of civil and criminal justice by the bailiff and aldermen in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period. Apart from registers concerning lawsuits and decisions, the collection includes documents regarding the public sale of property, guarantees for debtors, transfers of immovable goods, testimonies and the management of estates, and records concerning fraud with regard to the collection of general taxes. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1445–1811 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

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The entire collection may contain relevant information concerning immigration and trade. With regard to Baltic Sea trade, the following items are of particular relevance, all to be found in the section of civil justice: • • • • • • • • • •

40: Poortdingboeken, registers of legal proceedings, 1442–1535 (3 volumes and a fragment). 41: Kenningboeken, registers of charges and defences, 1434–1578 (13 volumes). 42: Wedboeken, 1477–1563 (37 volumes). 43: Dingboeken, registers of legal proceedings, 1563–1646 (50 volumes). 44: Dingboeken concerning major cases, 1646–1800 (1811) (26 volumes). 45: Registers of judgements, 1491–1685 (56 volumes). 53: Schatboeken, registers of debts, 1520–1613 (7 volumes). 54: Registers of securities of creditors, 1599–1811 (34 volumes). 68: Kustingboeken, registers of mortgages, 1598–1800 (1803) (86 volumes). 71: Registers of debentures and lease certicates not connected to the sale of immovable goods, 1583–1811 (77 volumes).

Accessibility C. Breesnee, “Het oude rechterlijke archief van Leiden”, in: Verslagen omtrent ‘s-Rijks oude archieven, XLIV/1 (1921), pp. 383–448. Record creator / provenance The town of Leiden was one of Holland’s major textile producing centres and markets from the fteenth to eighteenth centuries. As producers of cloth, Leiden entrepreneurs and merchants upheld regular contacts with the Baltic Sea region. Since Leiden was not situated on the coast, shipping towards the Baltic Sea was conducted via the harbour of Amsterdam. Leiden’s archives nonetheless reveal regular trading contacts with the region, whilst the local government was at the same time interested in political developments in the region for commercial reasons. Family collections from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries moreover reveal the importance of the direct trading relations between Leiden and the Baltic Sea region. When Leiden’s cloth industry declined from the last quarter of the seventeenth century, its commercial contacts with the Baltic Sea region also dwindled.

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Custodial history In the late nineteenth century, the old judicial archives were partly kept at the town hall and partly at the local courthouse. Both sections were transferred to the new building of the Leiden repository in 1893. Copies Most of the registers are available on microche or microlm in the reading room.

Orphan Chamber of Leiden Record group Orphan Chamber of Leiden Weeskamer te Leiden Reference code : 518 Period : (1343) 1437–1860 (1866) Extent : 165 metres Abstract This record group consists of the administration of the Orphan Chamber of Leiden. It includes inventories, partitions of estates, case les, accounts, appointments of guardians, documents regarding the chamber’s internal organisation, correspondence and ordinances concerning the management of the estates of orphans. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1575–1852 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the account books of merchants, which are part of some estates, as well as inventories, which include information on possessions, debts and credits abroad. Of particular relevance are:

regional historical centre leiden

1205

GENERAL ADMINISTRATION • • •

1.1–1.43: Memorandum of legal proceedings, 1570–1800 (1852) (44 volumes). 3.1–3.22: Registers of acts and missives, 1587–1800 (1860) (21 volumes). 4: Incoming documents and letters concerning managed estates, 1583–1852 (3 bundles).

MANAGEMENT OF ESTATES •

2.6: Inventories, sorted by name.

MISCELLANEOUS •

4889: Merchants’ account books, without further designation, 1650–1800 (73 volumes).

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at the repository’s website (due to its extensiveness, the inventory is difcult to download and navigate).

Town Archives of Leiden Record group Town Archives of Leiden Stadsarchief van Leiden Reference code : 501A Period : 1574–1816 Extent : 439 metres Abstract These archives consist of the records of the town government of Leiden from 1574 to 1816. They contain the town’s general and nancial administration and documents concerning population, public works, judicial matters and police, social and health care, and trade and industry. Also included are the records of the regional boards in charge of water management and

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those of the representatives at the provincial diets of the States of Holland, as well as some family collections. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1575–1811 : Denmark, Germany, Lithuania, Poland, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the resolutions of both the town and the States of Holland, which include decisions concerning trade, shipping and the market, the population registers, which provide information on immigration, the accounts, which include entries on journeys of envoys, and some documents specically regarding trade and diplomatic relations. GENERAL ADMINISTRATION Resolutions and decisions •

•

•

• • • • • •

42–43: Register diversorum, registers of decisions taken by the daily government on the basis of incoming correspondence, 1575–1772 (2 volumes). 44: Gerechtsdagboek A, registers of decisions taken by the daily government on the basis of incoming correspondence, 1574–1588 (2 volumes). 45–144: Gerechtsdagboeken, registers of decisions taken by the daily government on the basis of incoming correspondence, 1587–1795 (1800) (101 volumes). 145–188: Memorandum books of the burgomasters, registers including decisions taken by the burgomasters, 1587–1795 (1800) (41 volumes). 191–234: Registers of drafts of resolutions by the burgomasters, 1668– 1795 (44 volumes). 265–269: Resolutions of the daily government (gerecht), 1783–1795 (5 volumes). 471–519: Vroedschapsboeken, resolutions of the town council, 1577–1795 (48 volumes). 520: Vroedschapsboek, resolutions of the town council, 1672–1693 (1 volume). 521–524: Contemporary copies of the council resolutions, 1666–1699 (4 volumes).

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Correspondence • •

298–330: Missive book, register of incoming and outgoing correspondence, 1581–1794 (33 volumes). 332–333: Register of secret correspondence, 1623–1739 (2 volumes).

Population •

1266–1271: Registers of new burgers, 1588–1811 (6 volumes).

Economic affairs •

2496: Translations of a letter related to a Prussian publication on the introduction of new import duties, 1707 (1 piece).

Foreign affairs • • •

3015: Copies of letters by Robbert Goes, member of the Leiden council and envoy in Denmark regarding salary claims, 1714–1715 (1 folder). 3141: Contemporary copy of a report by Cornelis van Beveren regarding his mission to Denmark, 1631–1632 (1 volume). 3205: Letters by R. van der Goes, envoy in Denmark, regarding the political situation there, 1710 (1 folder).

RECORDS OF THE ROYEERMEESTERS •

7446–7738: Town accounts by the treasurer ordinaris and his successors, 1575–1810, with gaps (292 volumes).

RECORDS OF THE LEIDEN REPRESENTATIVES TO THE DIETS OF THE STATES OF HOLLAND General affairs • • •

9271: Letters by the town council to the representatives at the diets of the States of Holland, 1577–1704 (1 folder). 9272–9287: Documents of Leiden representatives at the States of Holland, 1640 and 1654–1795 (16 volumes). 9288–9292: Documents by the Leiden representatives at the States of Holland concerning Generality affairs, 1650, 1656–1721 and 1731–1794 (5 folders).

1208 •

• • • •

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9294–9306: Registers of affairs to be reported by the Leiden representatives at the States of Holland to the town council, 1666–1689 (13 volumes). 9307–9322: Reports of the Leiden representatives at the States of Holland, 1673–1795, with gaps (16 folders). 9323–9344: Reports by the Leiden representatives concerning affairs of the States of Holland, 1675–1689 (22 volumes). 9345: Resolutions of the town council regarding matters to be discussed during the diets of the States of Holland, 1678–1799 (1 folder). 9346: Drafts of reports for the town council and the burgomasters by the representatives at the States of Holland, 1702–1712 (1 folder).

External affairs •

•

9371: Documents of the representative council of the States General regarding a trial before the Great Council at Malines concerning the so-called Hoejzer-debt, a debt which Pieter Hoejzer as collector of the convooien en licenten (a lastage for the protection of trade) of the Amsterdam Admiralty had provided to the elector of Brandenburg, and for which the States General had acted as guarantor, 1632–1673 (7 folders). 9386: Liber supplex, petition to the king of Poland concerning the prosecution of protestants in Poland and Lithuania, printed, 1718 (1 folder).

RECORDS OF THE TREASURER ORDINARIS • •

9561–9679: Rendant registers of the annual town accounts, 1623–1810 (124 volumes). 9721–10064: Blaffaart, list of town receipts and expenses by subject group, 1579 and 1623–1811 (334 volumes).

Accessibility R.C.J. van Maanen, Inventaris van het stadsarchief van Leiden (1253) 1574–1816 (Leiden, 1986); also available online at the repository’s website (due to its extensiveness difcult to download and navigate). Record creator / provenance The town of Leiden was one of Holland’s major textile producing centres and markets from the fteenth to eighteenth centuries. As producers of cloth, Leiden entrepreneurs and merchants upheld regular contacts with the Baltic

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Sea region. Since Leiden was not situated on the coast, shipping towards the Baltic Sea was conducted via the harbour of Amsterdam. Leiden’s archives nonetheless reveal regular trading contacts with the region, whilst the local government was at the same time interested in political developments in the region for commercial reasons. Family collections from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries moreover reveal the importance of the direct trading relations between Leiden and the Baltic Sea region. When Leiden’s cloth industry declined from the last quarter of the seventeenth century, its commercial contacts with the Baltic Sea region also dwindled. Copies The registers of burghers, council resolutions and several town accounts are available on microche in the reading room. Related materials •

Town Clerk’s Ofce (reference code: 501).

Additional information on immigration can be found in the repository’s collections of the retroacts of the Birth, Death and Marriage Registry (see H. Brouwer, Beschrijving van de doop-, trouw- en begraafboeken, benevens de registers van overledenen enz. in Zuid-Holland, dateerende van vóór de invoering van den burgelijken stand (The Hague, 1929), pp. 108–121, 254–257 and 309). The most relevant documents of this collection are available on microche in the repository’s reading room, or can be consulted digitally. Publications •

Posthumus, N.W., Bronnen tot de Geschiedenis van de Leidsche textielnijverheid, 2 Vols. (The Hague, 1910–1911).

Town Clerk’s Ofce I Record group Town Clerk’s Ofce I Secretarie archief I Reference code : 501 Period : (1253) 1290–1575 Extent : 1941 items, 23.2 metres

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Abstract These archives consist of the records of the town clerk’s ofce of the town of Leiden up to 1575. It contains the town’s general and nancial administration and documents concerning population, public works, judicial matters and police, social and health care, and trade and industry. Also included are the records of the regional boards in charge of water management and those of the representatives at the provincial diets of the States of Holland. A separate section is concerned with the siege and relief of the town in 1572. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1364–1588 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the population registers, which provide information on immigration, the resolutions and proclamations of both the town and the States of Holland, which include decisions regarding trade, shipping and the market, and the town accounts, which contain entries regarding journeys of envoys. POPULATION •

19–22: Poorterboek A-D, registers of burghers, 1364–1574 (4 volumes); D includes a supplement which runs until 1588.

GENERAL ADMINISTRATION • • •

381–386: Council resolutions, 1449–1572 (6 volumes). 387–389: Aezingsboeken, books of proclamations, 1505–1574 (3 volumes). 390: Memoriaalboek, memorandum book, 1553–1573 (1 volume).

FINANCES • •

521–552: Town accounts by the burgomasters, (1391) 1445–1476, with gaps (32 volumes). 556–564: Town accounts by the treasurers and burgomasters, 1476–1496, with gaps (9 volumes).

regional historical centre leiden •

1211

573–644: Town accounts by the treasurers, 1480–1481, 1493–1574, with gaps (71 volumes).

LEIDEN REPRESENTATIVES AT THE DIETS OF THE STATES OF HOLLAND • • • • • •

1207: Reports on a diet in Malines in 1493 (1 folder). 1208–1217: Printed resolutions of the States of Holland, 1524–1574 (10 volumes). 1218: Register of resolutions of the diets, 1530–1555 (1 volume). 1219: Invitations to the diets, 1543–1545 (5 pieces). 1220: Orders given by the regent in Holland to sent representatives to the 1544 diet, 1544 (1 piece). 1248–1249: Proposal and resolution regarding the equipment of six war ships due to the grain shortages, 1557 (2 pieces).

Accessibility J.C. Overvoorde and J.W. Verburgt, Archief der secretarie van de stad Leiden 1253–1575 (Leiden, 1937); also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance The town of Leiden was one of Holland’s major textile producing centres and markets from the fteenth to eighteenth centuries. As producers of cloth, Leiden entrepreneurs and merchants upheld regular contacts with the Baltic Sea region. Since Leiden was not situated on the coast, shipping towards the Baltic Sea was conducted via the harbour of Amsterdam. Leiden’s archives nonetheless reveal regular trading contacts with the region, whilst the local government was at the same time interested in political developments in the region for commercial reasons. Family collections from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries moreover reveal the importance of the direct trading relations between Leiden and the Baltic Sea region. When Leiden’s cloth industry declined from the last quarter of the seventeenth century, its commercial contacts with the Baltic Sea region also dwindled. Copies The registers of burghers, council resolutions and some of the town accounts (inv. nos. 539, 549 and 560) are available on microche in the reading room.

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Related materials •

Town Archives of Leiden (reference code: 501A).

Publications •

Posthumus, N.W., Bronnen tot de Geschiedenis van de Leidsche textielnijverheid, 2 Vols. (The Hague, 1910–1911).

Van Eys Company Record group Van Eys Company Firma Van Eys Reference code Period Extent

: 16 : 1710–1751 : 14 items

Abstract This record group consists of the papers of the Van Eys company, which manufactured cloth. It contains correspondence and bookkeeping registers. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1720–1751 : Denmark, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the company’s correspondence with the Baltic Sea region and the nancial registers, which provide information on the company’s activities. •

• • • •

1: Correspondence from Hamburg, Gdansk, Königsberg (Kaliningrad), Riga, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Karlskrona, Stockholm, Drammen (near Oslo), and Copenhagen, 1722–1744 (1 box). 6: Accounts of sales and current accounts, 1725–1751 (1 bundle). 7: Accounts, policies and invoices, 1725–1738 (3 bundles). 10–13: Ledgers, 1722–1751 (4 volumes). 14: Missive books, 1735–1739 (2 volumes).

1213

regional historical centre limburg Accessibility Inventory; also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance

Daniël van Eys was a cloth manufacturer in Leiden who was active between 1710 and 1724 in a family company founded with his brother Gilles van Eys. His correspondence reveals a widely spun trading network all over the Mediterranean and the Baltic Seas. The company was active until 1751.

REGIONAL HISTORICAL CENTRE LIMBURG Regionaal Historisch Centrum Limburg Maastricht www.rhcl.nl

Michiels van Kessenich Family and Montfort Ofce Record group Michiels van Kessenich Family and Montfort Ofce Familie Michiels van Kessenich en Ambt Montfort Reference code : 16.0674 Period : 1683–1994 Extent : 1782 items, 54.9 metres (excl. charters) Abstract These archives consist of the papers of the Michiels van Kessenich family, as well as of the administration of the domain of Montfort in Limburg (formerly part of the duchy of Guelders). It includes documents regarding genealogy and regarding personal and business matters of the family. As

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for the domain, the material consists of records of the bailiff, steward and sheriff. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1647–1647 : Russia, the Netherlands : Dutch

Relevant is one item: an instruction of the States General for Albert Burgh as extraordinary ambassador to Russia (inv. no. 1442, from 1647, draft (1 piece)). Accessibility M.C. van Leeuwen Canneman and G.H.A. Venner, Inventaris van het archief van de familie Michiels van Kessenich en van de overheidsfunctionarissen in het ambt Montfort (Maastricht, 1995); also available online at the repository’s website.

ZEELAND ARCHIVES Zeeuws Archief Middelburg www.zeeuwsarchief.nl

Audit B Record group Audit B Rekenkamer B Reference code Period Extent

: 505 : 1574–1806 : 5033 items

zeeland archives

1215

Abstract These archives consist of the administration of audit B and include papers of the stewards-general and stewards of the domains in Zeeland, as well as those of the bailiff of the waterways and the collector of the tun dues and beaconage. These contain accounts, receipts and documents regarding the accounts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1574–1800 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the accounts and receipts of the bailiff of the waterways, which include accounts of the anchorage dues paid by foreign ships for anchoring in Zeeland waters and of the sales of wreck, as well as expenses of the salvage of ships. Also important are the acounts and receipts of the collector of the tun dues and beaconage, which include accounts of these dues that skippers had to pay when sailing through the Wielingen and Deurloo, and expenses for the salvage and upkeep of the tuns that indicated the safest sailing routes. 9TH PART: BAILIFF OF THE WATERWAYS (BALJUW VAN DE WATEREN) •

39020–40361 (–40391): Accounts, receipts and related documents of various bailiffs, 1574–1800 (1807) (130 quires and 132 folders).

10TH PART: COLLECTOR OF THE TUN DUES AND BEACONAGE •

39320–39391: Accounts and receipts of the collector, 1599–1607 (9 volumes and 9 folders).

Accessibility “Voorlopige inventaris geïnventariseerd archief rekenkamer B, (1565) 1597–1805 (1808)”; also available online at the repository’s website. Related materials •

Audit, Deposited Archives (reference code: 512); including some more accounts of the bailiff of the waterways.

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Audit C, 2nd Part, (Treasurer) Collector-General at Sea Record group Audit C, 2nd Part, (Treasurer) Collector-General at Sea Rekenkamer C, 2e stuk, (Tresorier-) Ontvanger-Generaal te Water Reference code : 508.2 Period : 1573–1808 Extent : 1513 items Abstract These archives consist of the administration of a part of audit C, that is to say the papers of the collector-general at sea. They contains accounts, receipts and documents regarding the accounts from this collector. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1586–1795 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are all the accounts and receipts of the collector-general (nos. 6100–8570, dating from 1586–1795), both with regard to the administration te water and the Zeeland admiralty, which include the receipt of the convooien en licenten (dues on import and export of goods levied by the admiralty and used for the protection of trade and shipping) from the collectors in the Zeeland towns and expenses with regard to the payment of admirals, captains and crews, the buying of ships, etc. Accessibility “Voorlopige inventaris geïnventariseerd archief Rekenkamer C, (1573) 1597–1805 (1808)”; also available online at the repository’s website. Related materials •

Audit, Deposited Archives (reference code: 512); including some registers of a steward of the convooien en licenten.

zeeland archives

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Audit of Zeeland, Accounts from the BurgundianHabsburg Period Record group Audit of Zeeland, Accounts from the Burgundian-Habsburg Period Rekenkamer van Zeeland, Rekeningen Bourgondisch-Oostenrijkse tijdvak Reference code : 501 Period : 1433–1584 Extent : 1787 items Abstract This record group consists of the administration of the audit of Zeeland during the Burgundian-Habsburg period from 1433 to 1584. It consists mainly of accounts of the regions to the west and east of the Scheldt River (Bewesten and Beoosten Schelde) and of the islands of Tholen and Schakerloo. Also included are various appendices to the accounts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1518–1571 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the bailiff accounts including anchorage dues and the accounts of the publican at Iersekeroord. All these belong to the section of accounts of the region west of the Scheldt (bewesten Schelde). ACCOUNTS OF THE BAILIFF OF THE WATERWAYS (BALJUW DER WATEREN) •

•

•

688–698: Accounts of bailiff Cornelis Jacobsz. Foy, 1518–1529 (11 volumes); nos. 688, 689, 691, 695 and 696 include lists of received anchorage dues. 706: Account of bailiff Gheleyn Mathijsz., including lists of received anchorage dues from Vlissingen, Veere, Middelburg and Antwerp (regest nos. 761, 762, 763 and 766), 1536–1537 (1 volume). 732: Appendices to the 21st account of bailiff Ferdinand Molckman, including lists of received anchorage dues from Arnemuiden and Vlissingen (regest nos. 1116, 1123 and 1128), 1570–1571 (36 pieces).

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ACCOUNTS OF THE PUBLICAN AT IERSEKEROORD • •

740: Account of publican Arent Heyndricxz. Vriese, 1506 (1 volume). 741: Appendix to missing accounts by publican Jacob Willemsz., 1518– 1520 (10 pieces and 1 charter).

Accessibility There is an inventory and a separate calender of the feudal registers: R. Fruin, De rekeningen en andere stukken in 1607 uit de Hollandsche rekenkamer naar de Zeeuwsche overgebracht. Het Bourgondisch-Oostenrijkse tijdvak 1433–1584 (The Hague, 1909), and R. Fruin, De leenregisters van Bewesten Schelde 1470–1535 (The Hague, 1911). These have been combined for the online version of the inventory, which is available at the repository’s website and includes an introduction. A database of the received anchorage dues from 1431 onwards is currently (2007) being made and will be available online within a few years.

Audit, Deposited Archives Record group Audit, Deposited Archives Rekenkamer, Gedeponeerde Archieven Reference code : 512 Period : 1189–1825 Extent : 1191 items, 26.8 metres Abstract This record group consists of papers deposited at the archives of the audit of Zeeland. It comprises papers of servants of the audit and of various ofcials and representatives. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1548–1799 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

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Relevant are the archives of the bailiff of the waterways, which include the administration of anchorage dues paid by foreign ships and the sale of wreck, and of expenses of the salvage of ships, and registers of receipts of convooien en licenten (dues on import and export of goods levied by the admiralty and used for the protection of trade and shipping) in the archives of the steward Hubertus Mogge. BAILIFF OF THE WATERWAYS •

948–967: Accounts and related documents of the bailiff, 1548–1799 (14 volumes, 6 pieces and 1 folder).

STEWARD OF THE CONVOOIEN EN LICENTEN AT ZIERIKZEE, HUBERTUS MOGGE •

1001–1010: Registers of receipts of convooien en licenten and documents regarding the administration, 1670–1685 (9 volumes and 1 folder).

Accessibility G.F. Sandberg, “Inventaris Gedeponeerde Archieven Rekenkamer”; also available online at the repository’s website. An index of the registers of the convooien en licenten for the years 1670–1674 and 1676–1677 is available in the reading room: P.F. Poortvliet, Registers van de convoyen ende licenten der stede Ziericzee (Middelburg, Den Helder, 1999–2000). Related materials • •

Audit B (reference code: 505); including the archives of the bailiffs of the waterways Audit C, 2nd Part, (Treasurer) Collector-General at Sea (reference code: 508.2).

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Collection of Manuscripts and Acquisitions of the Municipal Archives of Middelburg Record group Collection of Manuscripts and Acquisitions of the Municipal Archives of Middelburg Verzameling Handschriften en Aanwinsten Gemeentearchief Middelburg Reference code : 1854 Period : 1515–1967 Extent : 73 items Abstract This collection consists of the remaining material of the old archives of the town of Middelburg, which were largely destroyed in 1940, and acquisitions regarding Middelburg’s past since then. It includes a wide range of materials from various sources, which have been put in a chronological order. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1515–1856 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are only some ordinances, part of which have been moved to the record group of ordinances of the town of Middelburg (see under “Related materials”) and a ship’s journal. •

•

• •

4: Ordinances, regulations and publications of the States of Holland, the States of Walcheren and the town and lands of the Vrije van Sluis, printed, 1756–1781 (1 folder); moved to the record group of ordinances (reference code: 1001). 5: Ordinances, regulations and publications of the town of Middelburg, mostly printed, 1449–1856 (7 bundles); moved to the record group of ordinances. 36a: Ship’s journal of Pieter Pieterssen, captain of the Middelburg ship (snauw) De Vliegende Visch, 1762–1767 (1 volume). 59: Instructions and ordinances concerning Middelburg, 1515–1615, 1803 and undated, contemporary copies (1 bundle).

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ACQUISITIONS •

1977.12: Ordinances and instructions, 1515–1615 (1 folder).

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance The town of Middelburg was, with Arnemuiden and Veere, the most important port of the Walcherse rede (Walcheren roadstead), which had served as an outport of Antwerp since the fteenth century. Middelburg was also the main economic and administrative centre of Zeeland and in 1508 was granted staple rights with regard to “western” wines. The Walcheren roadstead had been frequented by Hanseatic ships from all the main Baltic Sea towns since the fteenth century, but it was also an important port for merchants from France, Spain, Portugal, England and Scotland. Around 1500, about half of the grain imports were conducted via Walcheren, but the roadstead never became a Hanseatic staple. From the mid-sixteenth century, the international grain trade started to shift to Amsterdam, and because of the demise of the Hanseatic League, the importance of the Zeeland ports in Baltic Sea trade diminished. The closure of the Scheldt River in 1585, which was meant to damage Antwerp, also resulted in a decline of international trade to Zeeland, and a further growth of Amsterdam. Middelburg remained the second port in the Dutch Republic, however, but this position was mainly due to its activities in trade to the East Indies and in shipbuilding. Baltic Sea trade in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries only played a minor role. Custodial history In May 1940, the old town of Middelburg, including the old town hall containing the old archives, was destroyed by bombers. Almost all old archives were lost; only the Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages and some loose documents were saved and brought to the provincial archives. Some additions to the collection have been made since then, while other documents have been transferred to other collections. Related materials •

Ordinances of the Town of Middelburg (reference code: 1001).

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Publications Before the archives were destroyed in 1940, the medieval archives of the town of Middelburg up to 1574 were largely published in: W.S. Unger, Bronnen tot de geschiedenis van Middelburg in de landsheerlijke tijd 1217–1574, 3 Vols. (Rijksgeschiedkundige Publicatiën, Grote Serie, nos. 54, 61, 75) (The Hague, 1923–1931). The rst volume contains documents regarding the town’s administration, law and administration of justice, the second volume includes the town’s nancial administration and the third volume consists of documents relating to the Middelburg’s economic history.

Collection of Manuscripts of the State Archives in Zeeland Record group Collection of Manuscripts of the State Archives in Zeeland Verzameling Handschriften Rijksarchief in Zeeland Reference code : 33.1 Period : 1206–1948 Extent : 1639 items, 40 metres Abstract This collection consists of a large variety of manuscripts and documents accumulated by the State Archives in Zeeland (now Zeeland Archives). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1293–1810 : Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, Latin, Low German

Relevant are some documents regarding the Admiralty, tolls and waterworks, some registers of by-laws, ordinances and statutes from the Zeeland towns, which may contain decisions regarding trade, shipping and the harbours, and a few documents regarding relations with Denmark and the Hanseatic towns.

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ZEELAND General Admiralty • •

87: Documents regarding Admiralty matters, seventeenth century (1 bundle). 88: Documents regarding court procedures by the Admiralty’s scal before the Admiralty council, 1732–1741 (1 bundle).

Tolls in Zeeland •

685: Documents regarding the tolls on the Scheldt from Bergen op Zoom to the North Sea, undated (1 volume).

Waterworks •

698: Plans for the contracting-out of work regarding among other things the Arnemuiden canal and the quays of Middelburg, 1685–1781 (1 bundle).

Zeeland Islands Arnemuiden • • • • •

816: Documents regarding the history of Arnemuiden, 1531–c. 1810 and later copies (1 bundle). 821: By-laws of Middelburg and Zeeland, 1254 onwards, eighteenth century (1 volume). 825: Copie van de coustuymen der stadt Middelburch in Zeelandt, copy of the customs of the town of Middelburg in Zeeland, c. 1586 (1 quire). 826–828: Customs of Middelburg, copies, seventeenth century (1 quire and 2 volumes). 829: Customs, ordinances etc. of the town of Middelburg, 1570, printed in 1718 (1 volume).

Veere •

940–944: Copies of documents regarding the history of Veere, second half of the eighteenth century (5 bundles).

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945: Privileges etc. of Veere, 1282–seventeenth century, eighteenth-century copy (1 volume). 954: Book of by-laws of Veere, fteenth century (1 volume). 955–963: Ordinances and publications of Veere, 1549–1795 (1 bundle, 4 folders and 5 volumes).

Veere and Vlissingen •

984: Documents regarding Veere and Vlissingen, sixteenth-seventeenth centuries (1 bundle).

Vlissingen • •

988, 989: Documents regarding Vlissingen, eighteenth century (2 bundles). 990–1001: Customs, ordinances, statutes, by-laws and privileges, 1570– 1677, copies from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (1 quire and 12 volumes).

Brouwershaven •

1104: Ordinances etc. of Brouwershaven, c. 1400–1660, eighteenth-century copy (1 volume).

Zierikzee •

1138–1148: Various registers of privileges, ordinances and customs of Zierikzee, 1293-eighteenth century (13 volumes).

FOREIGN COUNTRIES Europe • • •

1629: Letter of Emperor Charles V to King Christian of Denmark, 1550, contemporary copy (1 piece). 1630: Minutes of the Hanseatic meeting at Odense, 1560, contemporary copy (1 quire). 1631: First farewell, presented by the king of Denmark to the ambassadors of King Philip and Margaret of Parma, 1566, contemporary copy (1 piece).

zeeland archives •

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1632: Two letters of J. Driolenburg at Malaga to the burgomasters of Middelburg regarding the capture of the consul of the Hanseatic towns by the Inquisition, 1657 (2 pieces in 1 folder).

Accessibility Inventory; also available at the repository’s website.

Commercial Company of Middelburg Record group Commercial Company of Middelburg Middelburgse Commercie Compagnie Reference code : 20 Period : 1720–1889 Extent : 1780 items, 105.1 metres Abstract These archives consist of the papers of the Commerce Company of Middelburg, which was founded in 1720 for trade within Europe and with the West Indies. They include the company’s general administration, such as minutes of meetings, correspondence and requests, documentation on commercial activities, such as the tting out of ships and journeys, and on the shipyard, and the company’s bookkeeping, such as ledgers, cashbooks and accountbooks. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1720–1889 : Denmark, Germany, Latvia, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the minutes of meetings and correspondence, which include information on Baltic Sea trade and shipping. Also important are the documents regarding the tting out of ships and the shipyard, as are those concerning ship journeys to the Baltic Sea. Finally, the bookkeeping provides insight into the company’s nancial administration.

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GENERAL ADMINISTRATION •

• • •

• • •

•

• •

1.1–2.2 (–12), 13–23 (–31), 32–35: Minutes of meetings of the directors, drafts, neat copies and copies, 1720–1814 (–1889) (4 bundles and 33 volumes); with table under no. 36 (–38), 1795–1813 (–1861) (1 volume). 39, 40: Secret minutes of the directors, drafts and neat copies, 1722–1737 (1 folder and 1 volume). 42: Minutes of the meetings of directors and main shareholders, 1721–1733 (1 folder). 54.1–79: Incoming letters of correspondents, 1720–1888 (70 bundles). Including: * 77.1: Königsberg (Kaliningrad), 1721–1830 (1 bundle). * 77.2: Emden, Bremen, Hamburg, Rhena in Mecklenburg, Libau (Liepaja), Riga, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Archangel, Stockholm, Copenhagen, Elsinore (Helsingør), Elberfeld, Iserlohn and Frankfurt, 1721–1830 (1 bundle). * 79: “Letters from various places, unanswered” and other incoming documents, 1718–1825 (1 bundle). 81: Incoming notarial statements received by the Company, 1722–1749 ( 1 folder). 82: Incoming requests reveived by the directors, 1722–1769 (1 folder). 84: Placards and ordinances of the States General, States of Zeeland, Middelburg and others concerning shipping and trade, printed, 1693–1819 (1 bundle). 85–102 (–107): Copybooks of outgoing correspondence, 1720–1805 (–1889) (18 volumes); with index on names of addressees, 1723– 1889. 109: Contracts entered into by the company with various people, 1748– 1773 (1 folder). 118, 119: Various documents, 1726–1841 (2 bundles); no. 118 includes Swedish passes, 1757–1772.

BUSINESS Fitting out of ships General • •

123–124.2: Documents regarding the building, repair and demolition of ships, 1720–1830 (3 bundles). 150: Copybook of letters received from captains, 1780–1789 (1 volume).

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Journeys * hooker Maria Elisabeth (1721–1734) • • • •

715, 716: Ship’s books, 1721–1734 (2 volumes). 717: Invoices and other documents, 1726–1733 (1 bundle). 718: Letters of captains to the directors, 1721–1732 (1 folder). 719: Various documents regarding a journey from La Rochelle to Stockholm, 1721 (1 bundle).

* ship (snauw) Worstelaar (1754–1760) • • • •

1354: Ship’s book, 1754–1760 (1 volume). 1355: Invoices and other documents, 1754–1758 (1 bundle). 1356: Letters from captains to the directors, 1754–1758 (1 folder). 1358: Various documents regarding a journey from La Rochelle to Hamburg to Bilbao, 1755 (1 volume).

* ship (katschip) Zeeuwse Kat (1722–1723) • •

1420: Ship’s book, 1722–1725 (1 volume). 1421: Various documents regarding a journey to Königsberg and Riga, 1722 (1 bundle).

* other ships •

1435–1437: Cargo books of various ships, 1740–1786 (3 volumes).

Shipyard •

1440–1479: Various documents concerning the shipyard, such as accountbooks, inventories of materials and invoices, 1720–1888 (30 volumes, 14 bundles and 5 quires).

BOOKKEEPING •

1627–1772: Various registers and documents of the company’s bookkeeping, such as ledgers, cashbooks, accountbooks, audit reports, bills of exchange, 1720–1889 (117 volumes, 57 bundles and 2 folders).

Accessibility W.S. Unger, Het archief der Middelburgsche Commercie Compagnie (The Hague, 1951), with introduction in Dutch; updated version available online at the repository’s website.

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Record creator / provenance The Commerce Company of Middelburg (Commercie Compagnie van Middelburg) was founded as a limited liability company in 1720. Initially, it conducted trade within Europe (to the Baltic Sea region, Iceland, France, the Iberian peninsula and the Mediterranean) and to the West Indies. From the 1730s the character of trade to the West Indies changed, as the company became involved in the slave trade from Africa. From the 1750s, trade within Europe became insignicant, although correspondence with the Baltic Sea area shows that some contacts were maintained until 1830. Publications •

Unger, W.S., “Een belangrijke bron voor de geschiedenis van onze scheepvaart: de journalen der Middelburgsche Commercie Compagnie, 1720–1809”, in: Mededelingen van de Nederlandse Vereniging voor Zeegeschiedenis, 5 (1962), pp. 2–4.

De Huybert Family Record group De Huybert Family Familie De Huybert Reference code : 67 Period : 1512–1732 Extent : 64 items, 1.2 metres Abstract This record group consists of the papers of the De Huybert family and in particular of Pieter de Huybert, who held several public ofces. Included are documents regarding these ofces, other members of the family and the administration of some lands. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1658–1659 : Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch

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Relevant are two folders, regarding a mission to Sweden and Denmark in 1659 (no. 25), and regarding expenses of Pieter de Huybert and other delegates for a journey to Denmark in 1658 (no. 26). Accessibility R. Fruin, “Stukken van de familie De Huybert”; also available online at the repository’s website.

Direct and Indirect Taxes Zeeland Record group Direct and Indirect Taxes Zeeland Directe en Indirecte Belastingen Zeeland Reference code : 50 Period : 1584–1810 Extent : 198 items, 9.2 metres Abstract These archives consist of the administration of the Zeeland Admiralty and its succeeding bodies until 1810 with regard to the convooien en licenten (a tax for the upkeep of the eet and the Admiralty) and the related jurisdiction, and the administration of direct taxes in Zeeland, which were introduced in 1800. Included are resolutions, registers of lawsuits and sentences, registers of acts of the Admiralty, and outgoing correspondence, resolutions, reports and other information regarding the direct taxes. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1591–1795 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the registers of lawsuits and sentences of the Admiralty with regard to the convooien en licenten. They are to be found in the section of the Zeeland Admiralty. •

3–36: Register van de rolle der saken, gedient hebbende voor de Ghecommitteerden raden ter admiraliteyt in Zeeland, register of cases dealt

1230

•

• •

•

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with by the council of the Zeeland Admiralty, 1591–1783 (34 volumes); volumes 1–4 include indexes; volumes 23, 24 and 35 have been lost. 37–40: Rolle van de saken, particuliere persoonen rakende, die ghedient hebben voor den raet van der admiraliteyt in Zeelant, roll of cases regarding individuals dealt with by the council of the Zeeland admiralty, 1624–1651 (4 volumes). 41–45: Rolle van de scaliale saken, roll of scal cases, 1692–1795 (5 volumes). 46: Criminele sententiën, by den rade van de admiraliteyt ghegheven, register of criminal cases dealt with by the council of the Admiralty, 1584–1788 (1 volume). 47–49: Register van de (civiele) sententiën van den raat ter admiraliteyt in Zeelant, register of civil judgements made by the council of the Zeeland admiralty, 1653–1795 (3 volumes). 50–55: Register der sententiën over prinsen en goederen, by default geconsqueert, register of sentences regarding conscated goods, 1675–1717 (6 volumes).

Accessibility R. Fruin, “De archieven der Directe en indirecte belastingen in Zeeland”, in: Verslagen omtrent ‘s Rijks Oude Archieven [VROA] (1899), 22 (1900), pp. 432–438; also available online at the repository’s website. Custodial history The archives of the Board of Admiralty of Zeeland were split up in 1795. The main part was sent to The Hague, where the bulk was burnt in a re at the Ministery of Marine Affairs. The remaining parts are kept at the National Archives in The Hague. The section concerning the convooien en licenten (taxes for the upkeep of the eet and the admiralty) and the administration of justice with regard to this remained in Zeeland and were eventually handed over to the Directorate of the direct and indirect taxes in Zeeland. Related materials •

Zeeland Admiralty (reference code: 52.2).

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J. van den Warck Record group J. van den Warck J. van den Warck Reference code Period Extent

: 72 : 1557–1614 : 22 items, 2.3 metres

Abstract This record group consists of papers from J. van den Warck, who was active in various administrative functions in Middelburg and Antwerp and as such was delegated to the States of Holland and Zeeland and the States General. It is divided into four sections relating to his periods in Antwerp and Middelburg and consists of letters and other documents emanating from his ofces. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1577–1640 : Denmark, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the papers regarding Van den Warck’s periods in Middelburg, which include correspondence and documents relating to the two diplomatic missions he undertook to Denmark in 1587 and 1594. FIRST MIDDELBURG PERIOD •

2: Documents emanating from Van den Warck’s work as pensionary of Middelburg and, as such, as delegate of the States of Holland and Zeeland in the States General, 1577–1579 (1 folder).

SECOND MIDDELBURG PERIOD • • •

12: Letters of various people to Van den Warck, 1585–1599 (1 bundle). 13: Letters of authorities to Van den Warck, with copies, drafts and missive books, 1586–1599 (1 bundle). 16: Documents regarding the diplomatic mission to Denmark, 1587 (1 folder).

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18: Documents regarding the diplomatic mission to Denmark, 1594 (1 folder). 21: Incoming letters, copies and drafts, 1599–1614 (1 bundle).

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at the repository’s website.

Judicial Archives of the Zeeland Islands Record group Judicial Archives of the Zeeland Islands Rechterlijke Archieven Zeeuwse Eilanden Reference code : 10 Period : 1456–1811 Extent : 5974 items, 176.6 metres Abstract These archives include the judicial archives of all the towns and domains in Zeeland, apart from the town of Middelburg. They contain the papers of the various courts, orphan chambers and notaries. Some of the archives have recently been returned to local repositories, but are still numbered according to the inventory of this record group. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1499–1811 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the registers of civil cases dealt with by the town courts of Arnemuiden, Veere, Vlissingen, Zierikzee and Brouwershaven, which may contain lawsuits in maritime matters. However, the registers of the latter three are kept in the municipal archives of Vlissingen and Schouwen-Duiveland (Zierikzee and Brouwershaven). For the town of Veere, rolls concerning cases of maritime law and valuations of ships have survived. Also relevant are the notarial archives of this town, which include notarial deeds regarding sales of ships, bills of lading and other maritime business. All relevant materials are to be found in the section on Walcheren.

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ARNEMUIDEN Vierschaar (tribunal) • •

118a–120: Roll concerning small civil cases, 1655–1810 (3 volumes). 123–123a: Case les, ca. 1581–1807 (2 bundles).

VEERE Vierschaar • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

•

225–276: Rolls concerning criminal and civil cases, 1490–1810 (50 volumes). 288–296: Rolls concerning small civil cases, 1566–1811 (9 volumes). 297–310: Rolls concerning cases of foreigners, 1592–1797 (14 volumes). 310a–315: Rolls concerning cases of claims and of quick justice, 1585–1642 (1 folder and 5 volumes). 316–325: Rolls concerning cases of quick justice, 1651–1805 (10 volumes). 328–329: Rolls concerning nal procedures in criminal and civil cases, 1668–1808 (2 volumes). 329a–c: Rolls concerning cases of maritime law, 1677–1807 (2 volumes and 1 bundle). 329d: Case les, 1739–1786 (1 bundle). 329e: Authorizations for the valuation of ships and taking stock of damages, 1755–1805 (1 bundle). 340, 341: Register of criminal and civil cases, 1531–1562 (2 volumes); no. 341 includes cases dealt with by the Admiralty. 343–346: Register of testimonies in criminal and civil cases, 1534–1661 (4 volumes). 350–354: Testimonies and interrogations, 1540–1810 (5 bundles). 354a: Interrogations and other testimonies, 1499–1811 (1 bundle). 355–355g: Case les, 1480–1811 and undated (7 bundles). 502: Instructions and other documents regarding the ofce of bailiff, including documents regarding criminal justice over sailors, 1565–1774 (1 bundle). 502a: Ordinances regarding the administration of maritime justice, 1705 (2 pieces).

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Notaries •

504–740: Registers of drafts of notarial deeds of various notaries, 1589–1811.

Accessibility L.W.A.M. Lasonder, De archieven van de rechtbanken, weeskamers en notarissen, die over het tegenwoordige grondgebied der provincie Zeeland gefungeerd hebben (The Hague, 1914); also available online at the repository’s website. Custodial history The archives of the various courts, orphan chambers and notaries of Zeeland were claimed by the provincial archives in accordance with royal decrees of 1879 (1842 with regard to the notarial archives). Because Middelburg had its own archivist, the judicial archives of this town remained in Middelburg and were for a large part burnt after the bombardments of the town in 1940. Some of the other judicial archives, such as those from Vlissingen, Zierikzee and Brouwershaven, were more recently returned to local repositories. Related materials • •

Municipal Archives Vlissingen: Old Judicial Archives of Vlissingen. Municipal Archives Schouwen-Duiveland: Judicial Archives SchouwenDuiveland (reference code: 25).

Lords of Veere (Manorial Archives) Record group Lords of Veere (Manorial Archives) Heren van Veere (Hlh. [Heerlijkheids] Archief ) Reference code : 2750 Period : 1359–1590 Extent : 525 items

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Abstract These archives consist of the papers of the lords of Veere, who were from the fourteenth to the early sixteenth century one of the most powerful noble families of Zeeland. The materials include documents regarding the administration of their lands (including the towns of Veere, Vlissingen, Westkapelle and Brouwershaven) and personal correspondence of various lords. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1469–1590 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, Latin, Low German

Relevant are some documents regarding Veere, Vlissingen and Brouwershaven, such as accounts, privileges from Scandinavian monarchs, correspondence concerning Baltic Sea trade and documents relating to shipping. DOCUMENTS OF A COMMERCIAL NATURE Administration Veere • •

•

•

•

42: Overview of receipts and expenses of the town of Veere, 1487 and 1491 (1 piece). 66: Letter of Wolfert van Borsele, Lord of Veere, to the king of Denmark regarding the taking of two Veere herring ships by Danish war ships, 1474–1487, draft (1 piece). 67: Letter of King Jan of Denmark, Sweden and Norway, to the lord of Veere regarding the return of a conscated ship of a Copenhagen burgher, 1491 (1 piece). 68: Toll privilege of King Christian II of Denmark, Sweden and Norway, to Adolf of Burgundy, Lord of Veere, for the benet of his subjects, in all Danish waters and especially in the Sound; with all previous privileges of the town of Veere being conrmed, 1523 (1 charter). 69: Privilege of King Christian II of Denmark, Sweden and Norway, to Adolf of Burgundy, Lord of Veere, granting free shing rights to 22 herring shers from Veere, 42 from Brouwershaven and 76 from Vlissingen, 1519 (1 charter).

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•

•

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71: Letters of Lucas van Teylingen, bailiff of the duke of Burgundy, to the lord of Veere, requesting him to make public the ban on trade with two Hanseatic ships issued by the duke, 1471 (1 piece). 72: Request of Jacob van Campen, speaking for the merchants of Gdansk, and of Jacob van der Rijn, speaking for the merchants of Königsberg, to Maximilian of Burgundy, Lord of Veere, for exemption of the payment of harbour dues or wintersate (overwintering) in Veere, 1542 (1 piece). 73: Letter of the lord of Bergen op Zoom to the lord of Veere, requesting the release of Jan van Campen, Hanseatic merchant, who was imprisoned at Veere for debts, on instigation of the town of Zierikzee, 1590 (1 piece). 83: Requests of deans and brothers of the Saint Jacob’s or shers’ guild at Veere to the lady of Veere, for exemption of the need to be members of the Saint Clemence or skippers’ guild, undated (1 piece).

Financial accounts Steward-general •

•

•

124: Account of the tting out of a great carvel funded by the lastage on herring in Veere, Vlissingen, Westkapelle and Brouwershaven, 1479–1480 (1 quire). 125: Account of the tting out of a war ship funded by the lastage on herring in the towns of Veere, Vlissingen, Westkapelle and Brouwershaven, 1481 (1 quire). 126: Account of Gerrit van Grouselt of receipts and expenses on his journeys commissioned by the lord of Veere, 1483–87 (1 quire).

Veere •

•

• •

158–162: Accounts of steward Cornelis Jacobsz. of Veere, regarding the domains, excises and other receipts in the town of Veere, 1491–1496 (5 volumes). 163–165: Accounts of steward Willem Moensz. of Veere, regarding the domains, excises and other receipts in the town of Veere, 1501–1507 (3 volumes). 170: Account of Rombout Hanneman regarding the lastage on herring in Veere, 1481 (1 quire). 171: Account of Mark Simonsz. regarding the tting out of a carvel of the lord of Veere, 1481 (1 quire).

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Vlissingen • • •

188–196: Accounts of various burgomasters of Vlissingen regarding public works, 1466–1467 and 1471–1497 (9 quires). 200, 201: Accounts of the herring toll in Vlissingen, 1474–1475 (2 quires). 202: Account of Adriaan Pietersz. of the lastage on herring in Vlissingen and Westkapelle, 1481 (1 quire).

DOCUMENTS OF A PERSONAL NATURE Hendrik van Borsele, Lord of Veere, 1404–1474 As lieutenant-commander •

•

380: Letter of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, to the lord of Veere, requesting to arrest a Hanseatic ship that had overmastered an English ship, in order to protect trade with England, 1470 (1 quire). 407: Letters of Reinier Andriesz. of Amsterdam to Hendrik van Borsele, Lord of Veere, informing him of the war developments in Denmark and Sweden, 1469 (1 piece).

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance Veere only developed into a town in the rst quarter of the fourteenth century, under the lords of the Van Borsele family, lords of Zandenburg, who called themselves lords of Veere from about 1338. These lords did a great deal to further trade and shing in Veere and their other towns (Vlissingen, Westkapelle and Brouwershaven) and secured privileges in several European regions, among which Denmark, Sweden and Norway, but also England, Scotland and France. In the late fteenth century, the lordship was transferred to the Burgundy family and eventually went bankrupt under Maximilian of Burgundy. In 1567 the manorial rights were sold to King Philip II and in 1581 to William of Orange. From then on it became one of many regions ruled by the Oranges and lost its unique position. In the fteenth and sixteenth centuries, international trade in the town of Veere was controlled by merchants from Scotland and the Hanseatic League. For the Hanseatic merchants, Veere was an entrepot for trade to the Brabant hinterland. It was also a place for wintering ships on their way

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to France and Portugal, especially for vessels from Gdansk and Königsberg in the sixteenth century. Between 1536 and 1560 almost half of Hanseatic trade to the Netherlands was conducted through Veere. When this trade declined in the late sixteenth century, Veere’s role in international trade was limited to serving as the Scottish staple, which lost its importance in the eighteenth century. Veere only played a minor role in Baltic Sea trade in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Publications •

Smit, H.J., Bronnen tot de geschiedenis van den handel met England, Schotland en Ierland Vol. I, Part 2 (Rijksgeschiedkundige Publicatiën, Grote Serie, 66) (The Hague, 1928); no. 1604 is a publication of item 380.

Maps Zeeland (New Catalogue) Record group Maps Zeeland (New Catalogue) Kaarten Zeeland (nieuwe catalogus) Reference code : 292.2 Period : 16th–20th centuries Extent : 1020 items Abstract This collection consists of maps and atlases accumulated by the Zeeland archives from 1916. They mainly depict Zeeland and its various parts, but also other areas in the Netherlands, Europe and the world. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1666–1757 : Germany, Poland, various countries : Dutch, French

Relevant are: •

1920–135: Map of Pomerania, entitled Duché de Pomeranie contenant les Duchés de Stettin, de Wolgats, de Barat, de Cassubie, de Vandalie,

zeeland archives

•

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la Principauté et Isle de Rugen, le Comté de Gutzkow, les Seigneurie de Louwenbroch et de Butow, published at Paris, 1757. 1973–104: Sea atlas of the world, entitled Klaer-Lichtende Noort-Star ofte Zee-Atlas; waer in vertoont wordt De Gelegenheydt van alle de Zee-kusten des geheelen Aertbodems, published at Amsterdam, including 34 maps, 1666.

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at the repository’s website. Visually attractive No. 1920–135 is a coloured copper engraving (67.5 × 49.5 cm). No. 1973–104 contains 34 copper engravings (27.5 × 45.5 cm).

Municipal Archives of Arnemuiden Record group Municipal Archives of Arnemuiden Archief van de gemeente Arnemuiden Reference code : 1200 Period : 1431–1857 Extent : 1940 items, 24 metres Abstract These archives consist of the remaining archives of the town government of Arnemuiden in Zeeland up to 1857 when the town was merged with Kleverskerke to form one municipality. They include the town’s general and nancial administration, and documents and registers concerning public order, population, trafc and transport, public health and safety, education, trade and industry, guilds, social services (by town and church), church matters, military matters, and provincial and state matters. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1524–1842 : Denmark, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

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Relevant are the town’s privileges, resolutions and ordinances, which include decisions of the town government concerning the harbour, market, shipping and trade, correspondence regarding (Baltic Sea) trade, and registers of burghers including Arnemuiden merchants and immigrants. The nancial registers may contain information on journeys of diplomats, markets, and tolls and taxes. Also important are the documents regarding the harbour and some of the guilds. GENERAL ADMINISTRATION Privilege books •

•

2: Groot privilegeboek, copies of the privileges of the town of Arnemuiden, 1574–1730 (1 volume); with a list of contents under no. 11, from 1574–1730, 1769 (1 quire). 3: Schutbouck, copies of the privileges of the town of Arnemuiden, 1574, 1651 (1 volume).

Resolutions •

13–26 (–28): Resolutions of the Arnemuiden government, 1571–1654, 1671–1699 and 1701–1803 (–1818) (14 volumes).

Correspondence • • •

51–55 (–60): Incoming documents, 1582, c. 1600–1800 (–1810), with gaps (5 bundles). 61: Drafts of outgoing documents from the town government, 1607, 1644, 1675, 1735, 1794–1796, 1803, 1806 and 1807 (1 folder). 62, 63: Incoming and drafts of outgoing documents, 1642–1736, with gaps (2 folders).

Ordinances and publications •

161–165: Various registers of (drafts of ) ordinances and publications of the town government, 1574–1842 (2 volumes, 1 folder and 2 bundles).

FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION Town accounts •

265–270: Journals of receipts and expenses by the town stewards, 1582–1583, 1590–1597 and 1644–1672 (6 volumes).

zeeland archives •

1241

328–522 (–574): Accounts of receipts and expenses by the town stewards, 1577–1668 and 1676–1800 (–1852) (141 volumes); with appendices under nos. 577–609 (–643), from 1590–1591, 1763–1766, 1769–1801 (–1856) (1 piece and 32 folders).

POPULATION •

881–882: Poorterboeken, registers of new burghers, 1574–1807 (2 volumes).

TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT Harbour • •

• • •

962: Abstract from the town accounts regarding work on the harbour and the harbour dike, 1574–1609 (1 quire). 963: Privilege of prince William of Orange in which he allows the town government to levy a tax on all foreign ships that moor at the piers, for the benet of the upkeep of the piers, 1578 (1 charter). 964: Plans and contracts regarding work on the harbour, dike and sleuce, 1578, 1585, 1590, 1591 and 1595 (1 folder). 965, 966: Accounts of receipts and expenses by the collector of the harbour dues, 1578, 1601–02 (1 quire and 1 piece). 969: Abstracts of the resolutions of the town government regarding the digging of the harbour and arrangements to prevent the silting up of the harbour, 1590–1620 (1 quire).

GUILDS • • •

1030–1033: Various documents regarding the guild of ballasters, 1562– 1603 (4 quires and 5 pieces). 1049–1051: Various documents regarding the guilds of shipwrights and carpenters, 1575–1642 (2 quires, 1 charter and 1 piece). 1052–1072: Various documents regarding the guild of skippers, 1524 1578–1655 (2 folders, 31 pieces, 6 quires and 1 bundle). Including: * 1063: Charter with conditions on which the ship De Blomme of Copenhagen is sold to Jan de Leeu, 1591 (1 piece).

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Accessibility F. de Klerk, Inventaris van de archieven van de Gemeente Arnemuiden 1431–1857 (1892) (Goese Inventarissen, 21) (Goes, 1996); also available (with extensive introduction in Dutch) online at: www.archieven.nl. Record creator / provenance The town of Arnemuiden is situated on the coast of the island of Walcheren, not far from Middelburg in the province of Zeeland. Arnemuiden only received town rights in 1574 by Prince William of Orange, after having acted as a satellite of the trading town of Middelburg since the late fteenth century. In the late fteenth and early sixteenth centuries, Arnemuiden’s prosperity and industriousnous increased due to its role as roadstead and outport of the rising town of Antwerp, eventually resulting in its bid for independence from the 1530s. The town was important in the shipbuilding industry for a while: around 1600 the rst Dutch East India Company (VOC) ships were built here. Arnemuiden was never a main player in active Baltic Sea trade, but functioned as one of the main transit ports in the Republic for ships from and to the Baltic Sea region. Unfortunately, the silting up of the Arne River on which the town was dependent, caused a decline in shipping in the seventeenth century. Its fate was sealed in 1630 when the St. Joostland was reclaimed and the town was cut off from the Scheldt River. In the following century, it was shing and salt production that made up the town’s main activities.

Ordinances of the Town of Middelburg Record group Ordinances of the Town of Middelburg Stad Middelburg, Ordonnanties Reference code : 1001 Period : 1592–1907 Extent : 29 items Abstract This record group consists of the ordinances of the town of Middelburg. Part of them were saved after the re that destroyed the town hall in 1940, others were acquired after this date. The record group also includes publications.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1592–1907 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Most of the items include ordinances or publications relevant to maritime trade between the Netherlands and the Baltic Sea. ORDINANCES •

• •

•

1–7: Ordinances of the town of Middelburg, including among other things ordinances regarding the harbour, cranage, sea matters and sea law, and foreign merchants, 1592–1856 (7 volumes). 8–12: Ordinances of the town of Middelburg, alphabetically ordered, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (5 volumes). 13, 14: Ordinances of the town of Middelburg, including ordinances regarding the skippers’ guild and bills of exchange, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (2 volumes). 16: Ordinances of the town of Middelburg, 1672–1835, including among other things articles presented to the Prince of Orange by the merchants and guilds of Middelburg, 1672 (1 volume).

PUBLICATIONS •

18: Publications of the town of Middelburg, 1648–1802, including publications regarding strangers coming to town with their goods and regarding drowned people and the treatment of these, 1668 and 1770 (1 volume).

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance The town of Middelburg was, with Arnemuiden and Veere, the most important port of the Walcherse rede (the Walcheren roadstead), which had served as an outport of Antwerp since the fteenth century. Middelburg was also the main economic and administrative centre of Zeeland and in 1508 was granted staple rights with regard to “western” wines. The Walcheren roadstead had been frequented by Hanseatic ships from all the main Baltic Sea towns since the fteenth century, but was also an important port for

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merchants from France, Spain, Portugal, England and Scotland. Around 1500, about half of the grain imports were conducted via Walcheren, but the roadstead never became a Hanseatic staple. From the mid-sixteenth century, the international grain trade started to shift to Amsterdam, and because of the demise of the Hanseatic League, the importance of the Zeeland ports in Baltic Sea trade diminished. The closure of the Scheldt River in 1585, which was meant to damage Antwerp, also resulted in a decline of international trade to Zeeland, and a further growth of Amsterdam. Middelburg remained the second port in the Dutch Republic, however, but this position was mainly due to its activities in trade to the East Indies and in shipbuilding. Baltic Sea trade in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries only played a minor role. Custodial history In May 1940, the old town of Middelburg, including the old town hall containing the old archives, was destroyed by bombers. Almost all old archives were lost; only the Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages and some loose documents were saved and brought to the provincial archives. Some additions to the collection have been made since then, while other documents have been transferred to other collections. The ordinances and publications have been combined to make this new collection. Related materials •

Collection of Manuscripts and Acquisitions of the Municipal Archives of Middelburg (reference code: 1854).

Our Lady Abbey at Middelburg Record group Our Lady Abbey at Middelburg Onze Lieve Vrouwe Abdij te Middelburg Reference code : 27 Period : 1189–1578 Extent : 744 items Abstract These archives consist of the administration of the Our Lady Abbey in Middelburg, the most inuential church establishment in Zeeland. Not only

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was the abbot the rst member of the States of Zeeland, the meetings of the States were also held in the abbey and its records were kept there. Included are the abbey’s general and nancial administration, and documents regarding the management of its many lands. Also included are some records from other convents and monasteries. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1458–1462 : Poland, the Netherlands : Dutch

Relevant are two charters regarding a sum of money entrusted to the abbot by a merchant from Gdansk, whose goods had been seized by the town of Amsterdam, and the lawsuit before the Great Council between the abbot and the Amsterdam town council, 1458 and 1462 (no. 303, regest 792 and 812, 2 charters). Accessibility R. Fruin, Het archief der O.L.V. Abdij te Middelburg (The Hague, 1901), with introduction in Dutch; also available online at the repository’s website.

Printed Minutes States of Zeeland Record group Printed Minutes States of Zeeland Gedrukte notulen Staten van Zeeland Reference code : 2.2 Period : 1574–1807 Extent : 237 items, 12 metres Abstract This record group consists of the printed minutes of the States of Zeeland up to 1807. It is divided into three sections. The third section contains the printed minutes from 1672, which are contemporary. The second section contains the minutes from before 1672, which were printed in the eighteenth century. The rst section contains six source editions from the twentieth century, which cover the years between 1574 and 1586.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1574–1797 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are all three sections of the record group, although the twentiethcentury editions will be available elsewhere. All may include decisions by the States of Zeeland and its succeeding bodies with regard to trade and diplomatic relations with the Baltic region. PRINTED EDITIONS OF K. HEERINGA (THE HAGUE, 1915–1919) •

1574, 1578.1–2, 1580 and 1583: Minutes of the governors and councillors of Zeeland, book of resolutions, and collegiate books, which include short descriptions of matters dealt with by the Council of Representatives and the States of Zeeland, 1574–1586 (5 volumes).

PRINTED EDITIONS ORDERED BY THE STATES OF ZEELAND •

1587–1671: Minutes of the States of Zeeland, 1587–1671 (72 volumes).

ARCHIVES OF THE STATES OF ZEELAND AND ITS SUCCEEDING BODIES • • •

1672–1795.1: Minutes of the States of Zeeland, 1672–1795 (131 volumes). 1795.2–1796.2: Minutes of the Provisional Representatives of the People of Zeeland (2 volumes). 1796.2–1797.2: Minutes of the Representatives of the People/Provincial Council of Zeeland, 1796–1797 (3 volumes).

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at the repository’s website. Related materials •

States of Zeeland (reference code: 2.1).

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Retroacts of the Birth, Death and Marriage Registry Record group Retroacts of the Birth, Death and Marriage Registry Retroacta burgerlijke stand Reference code : 345 Period : 1527–1810 Extent : 1252 items Abstract This record group consists of the retroacts of the Birth, Death and Marriage Registry from the Zeeland municipalities. From each of the municipalities, the baptismal and birth registers, marriage registers, burial and death registers and any mixed registers that were kept by the church congregations and the municipalities until 1810–1811 are included. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1590–1810 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the registers of the Zeeland ports: Arnemuiden, Brouwershaven, Middelburg, Veere, Vlissingen and Zierikzee. Only the Arnemuiden registers are actually kept at the Zeeland Archives, however, as those of the other ve towns were returned to the local archives and in the case of Veere and Middelburg were lost completely after the bombing of Middelburg in 1940. ARNEMUIDEN Births • •

24–26 (–27): Baptismal registers, 1593–1805 (–1811) (3 volumes). 28: Baptismal register, 1794–1810 (1 volume, combined with no. 37).

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Marriages • • •

29–33: Marriage registers, 1590–1810 (1 bundle and 4 volumes). 35: Marriage registers of the aldermen (schepentrouwboek), 1645–1670 and 1662–1809 (1 volume). 37: Marriage register, 1799–1810 (1 volume, combined with no. 28).

Deaths •

38: Burial register, 1759–1810 (1 volume).

Mixed registers •

41: Baptismal and marriage register, 1670–1794 (1 volume).

Accessibility A. Mulder, Retroacta van den Burgerlijken Stand in Zeeland [1527–1810] (The Hague, 1925); also available online at the repository’s website. Custodial history In 1810, the Birth, Death and Marriage Registry came into existence in Zeeland. All church congregations were ordered to surrender their baptismal/birth, marriage and burial/death registers, which came to function as retroacts to the Registry. In 1918, the municipal collections were sent to the provincial archives of Zeeland and merged into one collection. In some cases, the collections were subsequently returned to the municipal archives on loan. The registers of Middelburg, Veere and Zierikzee were kept in Middelburg when the old town was bombed in 1940. Only a few registers from Zierikzee survived. Related materials •

•

Municipal Archives Schouwen-Duiveland: Retroacts of the Birth, Death and Marriage Registry, Places in Schouwen-Duiveland (reference code: 27); including the registers from Brouwershaven en Zierikzee. Municipal Archives Vlissingen: Municipality of Vlissingen (reference code: 001); including registers from Vlissingen (inv. nos. 3894–3897 and 4547–4576).

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States of Zeeland Record group States of Zeeland Staten van Zeeland Reference code Period Extent

: 2.1 : 1574–1799 : 3680 items, 274.6 metres

Abstract These archives consist of the remaining administration of the States of Zeeland, a representative body of the Zeeland estates, and its successors from 1795 until 1799. Included is the States’ general administration, consisting of resolutions and incoming and outgoing documents, its nancial administration, mainly concerning the management of provincial domains by various ofcials, its judicial administration, and documents regarding the management of the mint and military matters. Finally, the sections on union and diplomacy include dealings with the States General and foreign powers. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1340–1799 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the resolutions of the States of Zeeland and the States General, which include decisions regarding trade and diplomatic relations with the Baltic Sea region, and incoming and outgoing documents, which contain information on the same subjects. Also important are registers of expenses for activities at sea, judicial registers of lawsuits dealt with by the admiralty and documents concerning the mint. RESOLUTIONS • •

1, 2: Resolutions of the governor and council and of the States of the Orangeist part of Zeeland, 1574–1578 (2 volumes). 3–56: Resolutions of the States of Zeeland, 1577–1673 (with gaps) (54 volumes).

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57–229: Draft resolutions of the States, 1577–1578, 1600–1617 and 1621–1794 (173 volumes). 230.1–237.2: Resolutions, acts and missives of the States, 1593–1721 (with gaps) (17 bundles). 238–363: Copies of the resolutions of the States, 1597–1609, 1596–1670, 1608–1671, 1672–1676, 1678, 1695 and 1720–1759 (with gaps) (120 volumes and 10 bundles). 371–438: Various indices regarding the resolutions of the States, 1577– 1794 (67 volumes and 1 bundle). 439–443: Draft resolutions of the States and the Provisional Representatives (Provisonele Representanten), 1795–1796 (5 volumes); with indices under nos. 451–453, 1795–1798 (3 volumes). 444–450: Draft resolutions of the Representatives of the People of Zeeland and of the Provincial Council (Vertegenwoordigers van het Volk van Zeeland en van de Provinciale Raad), 1796–1798 (7 volumes); with indices under nos. 454–455, 1796–1798 (3 volumes). 456–462: Resolutions of the Intermediary Administrative Council (Intermediair Administratief Bestuur), 1798–1799 (6 volumes and 1 bundle); with indices under nos. 463–464, 1798–1799 (2 volumes). 465–603: Resolutions of the Representative Councillors (Gecommiteerde Raden), 1578–1667, 1716–1718, 1719–1738 and 1740–1795 (139 volumes). 604–782: Draft resolutions of the Representative Councillors, 1578–1579 and 1600–1795 (with gaps) (178 volumes and 1 bundle). 786–842: Indices on the resolutions of the Representative Councillors, 1719–1795 (57 volumes). 849–862: Resolutions of the Executive Department (Uitvoerend Departement), 1796–1799 (10 volumes); with indices under nos. 863–866, 1796–1799 (5 volumes). 867–881: Secret resolutions of the States or Representative Councillors, 1659–1796, partly with appendices (13 volumes and 2 bundles); with index under no. 882 (1 volume).

INCOMING DOCUMENTS Correspondence • •

883: Incoming documents from the States of the Orangeist part of Zeeland or its governor and council, 1574–78 (1 bundle). 884–1163: Incoming documents from the States, 1578–1795 (252 bundles, 38 folders, 19 volumes and 4 pieces).

zeeland archives • •

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1164–1192: Incoming documents from the various bodies succeeding the States from 1795, 1795–1798 (34 bundles). 1193–1435.2: Incoming documents from the Representative Councillors, 1578–1795 (260 bundles, 31 folders, 15 volumes and 1 piece) (nos. 1193–1196 and 1204–1206 have been lost). 1436.1–1454: Incoming documents from the various bodies succeeding the Representative Councillors from 1795, 1795–1799 (31 bundles).

Incoming charters •

1500: Ordinance of Charles V regarding shipping, 1540, copy (1 piece).

Other incoming documents •

1530: Report of a committee regarding lastage and other dues in Holland (last- en veilgeld, ordinaris convooien en licenten), and other subjects, 1638 (1 piece).

Requests •

1545, 1546: Requests to the States or their Representative Councillors, 1665–1735 and 1746–1749 (2 bundles).

Various subjects •

1552: Documents regarding foreign affairs, 1683–1762 (1 bundle).

Registers of incoming documents • • •

1565: Oude Akten A, register of placcards, ordinances, etc., regarding Zeeland, 1379–1585 (1 volume). 1566: Oude Akten B, register of acts regarding Zeeland, 1340–1599 (1 volume). 1569: Privilegeboek, register of charters and privileges, 1428–1602 (1 volume).

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OUTGOING DOCUMENTS Publications • • • •

1574: Publications of the States, 1580–1787 (49 charters). 1580.1–1582: Publications of the States or their Representative Councillors and of the bodies succeeding them, 1590–1799 (3 bundles). 1583: Publications of the States General and the various bodies succeeding them, printed, 1603–1799 (1 volume). 1586: Publications of the stadtholders, printed, 1748–93 (1 folder).

Drafts and copies of letters • •

1589.1–1621: Drafts of letters from the Representative Councillors, 1579–1795 (29 bundles and 4 volumes). 1622–1661: Registers of acts and letters from the States and their Representative Councillors, 1581–1795 (40 volumes).

FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION •

1877–1890: Uitgeefboeken, registers of expenses te water (at sea), 1603–1632 (with gaps) (14 volumes).

JUDICIAL ADMINISTRATION • • •

1895–1897: Sentences and trial documents concerning admiralty cases, 1577–1636 (3 pieces, 1 volume and 1 bundle). 1898–1904: Rolls of justice, 1607–1805 (7 volumes). 1913, 1914: Register van de civile zaecken bedinghet voor de Admiraliteit van Zeelandt van den jaere beginnende 1575, judicial role of civil cases dealt with by the Zeeland Admiralty, 1575–1577 (2 volumes).

MINT •

1920: Various registers and documents regarding the mint, 1579–1799 (1 volume).

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UNION AND DIPLOMACY Correspondence and resolutions •

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• •

2054–2295: Letters of the Zeeland representatives in the States General, with appendices, 1589–1771 (197 bundles, 18 folders and 27 volumes). 2298–2313.2: Resolutions of the States General, copies, 1581–1760 (with gaps) (16 bundles). 2314–2653: Resolutions of the States General, copies and printed, 1576–1795 (340 volumes). 2663–2682: Secret resolutions of the States General, copies, 1615–1714 (20 volumes). 2966.1–3010.2: Letters of the delegates to the States General, 1703–1791 (45 bundles). 3011–3013: Letters of the delegates to the States General, 1737–1739 (3 volumes). 3014–3041: Reports of delegates, copies, 1596–1668 (27 bundles and 1 fragment). Including: * 3018: Sweden, 1610 (1 volume). * 3025: General Hanseatic meeting at Lübeck, 1616 (1 volume). * 3026: Denmark, 1618 (1 volume). 3044–3055: Secret letters of the Zeeland delegates in the States General to the Grand Pensionary, with appendices, 1715–1732 and 1746–1747 (12 volumes). 3128.1–3128.2: Letters to the agents in Hamburg to the States or the Grand Pensionary, 1654–1679 (2 bundles). 3130: Letters of the delegates at the Kings of Sweden and Denmark to the States or the Grand Pensionary, 1656–1660 (1 bundle).

Accessibility K. Heeringa, Archief Staten van Zeeland en hunne Gecommitteerde Raden (1574) 1578–1795 (1799) (The Hague, no date); also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance Zeeland belonged to the county of Holland until the thirteenth century, when the county became known as Holland-Zeeland. Zeeland was increasingly considered a separate entity, but the two remained connected until the late eighteenth century. The States of Zeeland came into existence at the start

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of the Dutch Revolt, when Zeeland was for a while divided between the Orangeist cause and that of Spain. In the fteenth and sixteenth centuries, the Walcherse rede (Walcheren roadstead), with the ports of Middelburg, Arnemuiden, Vlissingen and Veere, was an important entrepot for trade between the Atlantic coasts and the Baltic Sea region. The roadstead served as an outport of Antwerp, but lost its role in Baltic Sea trade when, after the closing of the Scheldt River in 1585, trade was concentrated on Amsterdam. From that time, the roadstead still had some importance in trade to the Far East and the Americas, but shipping to the Baltic Sea region strongly decreased in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Related materials •

Printed Minutes States of Zeeland (reference code: 2.2).

Veere Admiralty Record group Veere Admiralty Admiraliteit Veere Reference code Period Extent

: 243 : 1460–1562 : 50 items, 1 metre

Abstract This record group comprises the papers of the Veere admiralty. It includes ordinances and regulations, correspondence and requests, documents regarding appointments and the admiralty’s judicial administration, which consists mainly of case les. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1528–1559 : Germany, Poland, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, Low German, various languages

Relevant are some documents regarding trade with the Baltic Sea region or merchants visiting Zeeland from that area.

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DOCUMENTS OF A GENERAL NATURE Incoming documents •

10: Request of skipper Jochim Vos of Gdansk to put his ship in the docks during the winter, 1552 (1 piece).

DOCUMENTS OF A PARTICULAR NATURE Appointments •

16: Act of commission of Maximilian of Burgundy to Franchoys van Boschuysen to command certain war ships that will escort the grain eet to the east, 1558 (1 quire).

Administration of justice • •

•

17: Documents concerning the agreements made with regard to the settling of prize cases, 1551–1552 (1 bundle). 19–47: Case les, 1528–1559 (7 folders, 26 pieces, 1 bundle, 5 charters and 1 quire). Including: * 26: Document regarding the case between Jacob van de Rijne c.s., merchants and burghers of Veere and Jochim Heydeman of Gdansk, skipper of a hulk anchored outside Vlissingen, 1542 (1 piece). * 46: Document regarding the case between Eeuwout Jacobsz. Vinck and Bartelmeeus Bouwensz, with note on the back about the conscation of a ship from Copenhagen, 1558 (1 piece). 48: Appendices to unspecied cases, 1543–58 (1 folder). Including: * a: Letter regarding a ship from Lübeck brought in at Dunkirk by war ships, 1542. * b: Account by Christoffel Pijl, merchant and burgher of Veere, to the Admiralty council regarding his problems on the Sound on captain Herman Cuelre’s ship, 1542. * c: Act in which burgomasters and council of the town of Rostock request free passage for a burgher of their town, 1543.

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at the repository’s website.

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Record creator / provenance Around 1440 the house of Van Borselen (lords of Veere) arose as important actors on the Dutch seas. Hendrik van Borselen in 1438 led the succesful privateering against the Wendish Hanseatic towns and in 1445 became lieutenant commander for the French king. In 1444 the family secured the Scottish staple in Veere through the marriage of Hendrik’s son Wolfert to the daughter of the Scottish King James I. Because of this success, the Burgundians appointed Wolfert as admiral general in 1466. In 1485 he was replaced, however, by a follower of Maximilian of Austria. In 1488 Maximilian issued an ordinance to organise the admiralty as a state institution, but this was rejected by the towns of Holland. Only in 1547 did Holland accept the authority of the Veere admiralty. Maximilian was the last admiral from the Burgundian house; after his death, the admiralty was in 1560 moved to Gent. In 1574 a new Zeeland admiralty was founded, but this time it was based in Vlissingen. Related materials •

Judicial Archives of the Zeeland Islands (reference code: 10); the register of criminal and civil cases (inv. no. 341) includes cases dealt with by the Admiralty.

Zeeland Admiralty Record group Zeeland Admiralty Admiraliteit van Zeeland Reference code : 52.2 Period : 1584–1794 Extent : 164 items Abstract This is a collection of microlms of documents of the Zeeland Admiralty Board (College ter Admiraliteit in Zeeland ) that are kept at the National Archives in The Hague. Included are indices on the resolutions of the Admiralty, and appointments, instructions, resolutions, documents regarding ships and ship’s logs.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1584–1790 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the resolutions and ordinances of the Admiralty, which include decisions with regard to shipping and trade. • • • •

41–47: Various indices on the resolutions of the College ter Admiraliteit in Zeeland, 1600–1782 (5 volumes). 2423: Copy of ordinances and decisions regarding sea and admiralty matters, 1586–1588 (1 piece). 2433–2569: Resolutions and draft resolutions, 1584–1790, with gaps (79 volumes and 58 folders). 2969a: Resolutions, 1597–98 (1 piece).

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at the repository’s website. The original records are described in the inventory of the Admiralty Boards (Admiraliteitscolleges) of the National Archives in The Hague: J. de Hullu, De archieven van de admiraliteitscolleges (The Hague, 1924), pp. 248–270 (inv. nos. 2423–2985). Custodial history The archives of the Board of Admiralty of Zeeland were split up in 1795. The main part was sent to The Hague, where the bulk was burnt in a re at the Ministery of Marine Affairs. The remaining parts are kept at the National Archives in The Hague. A section concerning the convooien en licenten (taxes for the upkeep of the eet and the admiralty) and the administration of justice with regard to this, remained in Zeeland. Copies This collection consists of microlms of documents of the Zeeland Admiralty Board contained in the Admiralty Boards (Admiraliteitscolleges) collection kept at the National Archives in The Hague (reference code: 1.01.47.37, inv. nos. 2423–2985). The indices are kept in the collection of acquisitions to the Admiralty Boards, Part L (reference code: 1.01.47.39, inv. nos. 41–44, 47).

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Related materials •

Direct and Indirect Taxes Zeeland (reference code: 50).

REGIONAL ARCHIVES NIJMEGEN Regionaal Archief Nijmegen Nijmegen www.nijmegen.nl/Leven_in_Nijmegen/cultuurhistoriearcheologie/ Archief/index.asp

Nijmegen Town Administrative Archives Record group Nijmegen Town Administrative Archives Bestuurlijk Archief der stad Nijmegen Reference code :1 Period : 1196–1815 Extent : 4535 items, 120 metres Abstract This collection contains the remaining papers of the Nijmegen town administration and of the institutions accountable to the town council up to 1815, when the organisation of the government changed. The collection includes the administration of the town council and of the trades, charitable institutions and churches. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1380–1600 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, the Netherlands : Dutch, High German, Low German

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Like many of the Dutch Hanseatic towns, Nijmegen is not a sea port, and its role as a member of the Hanseatic League is therefore of sole relevance here. This role ended in 1592, when Nijmegen became part of the Dutch Republic. Information on (trading) relations with the Baltic region can be found in the resolutions, correspondence, statutes and privileges, and in the town’s nancial administration. Documents relating specically to Nijmegen’s role as a Hanseatic town are included too, as are the population registers which may provide particulars on immigration. GENERAL ADMINISTRATION Resolutions (0.75 m) •

1–2: Draft resolutions of the town council, 1581–1601 (–1793) (2 folders).

Correspondence (0.10 m) •

221–250: Incoming letters and drafts of outgoing letters of the Nijmegen town council, 1502–1590 (–1795) (30 folders).

Statutes (0.10 m) •

471–474: Keurboek der stad Nijmegen, books of statutes (4 quires).

Privileges (0.10 m) •

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577: Cartularium der stad Nijmegen, cartulary containing copies of privileges, granted to the town, drawn up in the fteenth century (1 volume). 578: Legerboeck der stad Nijmegen, register including certied copies of the most important charters granted to the town, drawn up in the sixteenth century (1 volume). 579: Copies of rights and privileges granted to the town of Nijmegen, from the sixteenth century onward (1 folder).

POPULATION (0.10 m) •

666–667 (669): Burgerboek der stad Nijmegen, registers of new burghers, 1337–1600 (–1810) (2 volumes).

FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION (2.50 m) •

685–759: Account books, 1382–1593/94 (almost complete from 1519/20 on: lacking are 1520/21, 1524/25, 1537/38, 1561/62 and 1583/84; before

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1519 the following years are available: 1382, 1414/15, 1420/21, 1422/23, 1424/25–1429/30, 1511/12 and 1513/14) (75 volumes). 760–763: Draft accounts, 1554/55–1558/59 (4 folders). 764–795: Appendices and loose pieces belonging to the accounts (many of these only contain documents of little importance, mostly loose notes), 1511/12–1593/94 (32 folders). 796–806: Accounts of various stewards, 1574–1587, 1594/95–1601/02 (3 folders, 8 volumes).

NIJMEGEN AS MEMBER OF THE HANSEATIC LEAGUE (0.50 m) Minutes of Hanseatic meetings •

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2588, 2592, 2594: Minutes of general Hanseatic meetings held at Lübeck (contemporary copies), 1557, 1562, 1576 (3 volumes) (no. 2588: regest 676; no. 2592: regest 719 and letter 661). 2589: Notell der Confederation odir Tohopesaet, decisions of the general Hanseatic meeting at Lübeck (contemporary copy), 1557 (1 quire in folder). 2590, 2591: Minutes of meetings of the Cologne third of the Hanseatic League at Cologne (contemporary copies) 1561, with no. 2590 including a list of costs made between 1545 and 1557 with regard to journeys of representatives to Hanseatic meetings (2 volumes, 2 pieces) (no. 2591: letter 591).

Delegations to Hanseatic meetings •

•

2595: Invitation to a meeting of the Cologne third of the Hanseatic League, to discuss Lübeck’s proposal to move the Bruges trading station to Antwerp, 1529 (1 piece) (letter 44). 2596, 2598, 2600, 2602, 2605–2608: Various documents, mainly correspondence between various towns, regarding the preparation for and the attendance at general Hanseatic meetings in Lübeck, including the reimbursement of costs, 1539–1540, 1549–1556, 1557, 1559, 1562, 1564, 1591, 1595 (7 folders, 6 pieces) (no 2596: letters 97, 106, 114, 118; no. 2598: regesten 649, 665 and letters 256–258, 264, 292, 293, 306, 307, 309, 354; no. 2600: regesten 671–675 and letters 382–384, 386–388, 390, 392, 398, 399, 401, 402; no. 2602: letters 471, 484, 490, 498, 501, 507, 508, 510–512, 514, 517, 525; no. 2605: regest 717 and letters 603, 615, 626, 629, 630, 632, 633, 635, 636, 639–644, 655; no. 2606: letters 730–732, 734, 736, 744; no. 2607: letters 2530–2535). Including:

regional archives nijmegen

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* Letter 603 (no. 2605, f. 11): Request from the Wendish towns to King Frederik of Denmark to release them from the beaconage for the newly installed beacons at Boll, Anholt, Lensø and other places, which installation is against the Odense agreements (copy), 1561. * Letter 2533 (no. 2607): Letter from Nijmegen to Cologne, requesting it to beg an apology to the town of Lübeck, because Nijmegen cannot send any representatives to the next general Hanseatic meeting due to repeated attacks on the town and the dangerous situation in the region (draft), 1591. 2597: Letters of safe-conduct granted by various authorities, including King Christian of Denmark and Norway, to the towns of Nijmegen, Roermond, Zutphen and Arnhem, so that representatives can travel to a general Hanseatic meeting, 1540 (1 folder). 2599: List of towns to be invited to a general Hanseatic meeting at Lübeck, 1556 (1 folder). 2601: Anse Saken; Verhandelong der Steden, documents, mainly letters, regarding the relationship between Nijmegen and other towns in the east of the Netherlands, mainly concerning mutual interests (for example with regard to the support of the towns of Riga and Reval in their struggle against the Muscovites), delegations to the Hanseatic meetings, and the division of costs related to these, 1557–1579 (1 folder) (letters 407–411, 1638, 1640, 1649, 1658, 1733, 2249, 2250, 2253). 2603–2604: Documents and correspondence concerning the attendance at meetings of the Cologne third of the Hanseatic League at Cologne, 1560–1561 (2 folders) (no. 2603: letter 581; no. 2604: letters 587, 588).

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•

•

2609: Correspondence between Nijmegen and Cologne regarding the payment of a yearly instalment of a five-year membership fee, in accordance with the decision of the 1554 general Hanseatic meeting at Lübeck, 1557 (2 pieces) (letter 375). 2610: Correspondence between Nijmegen and other eastern Dutch Hanseatic towns and Cologne about the payment of the ve-year membership fee in support of the struggle of Riga and Reval against the Muscovites, 1559 (1 folder) (letters 519, 526–532, 536, 538). 2611: Register including names of merchants who have paid turnover taxes during two years, with notes on the merchandise, the turnover and the paid tax, 1571–1572 (1 volume).

1262 •

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2612: Demands by Cologne to Nijmegen regarding the payment of the membership fees, with appendices, 1585 (1 folder) (letters 2394, 2399, 2433, 2462).

Relations with Antwerp •

•

•

2613: Documents regarding the relationship between Antwerp and the Hanseatic towns, including Nijmegen, fteenth century, 1553–1568, 1578–1583 (1 bundle, 1 charter) (regesten 24, 144, 288, 583, 698, 944, 948 and letters 290, 343, 353, 355, 356, 363, 366, 396, 439, 444–447, 449, 450, 489, 490, 622, 623, 646, 659, 973, 974, 993, 998, 2214, 2376, 2385). 2616: Demands of the Hanseatic towns of Lübeck, Cologne, Hamburg, Gdansk and others to Nijmegen to pay the schot (a tax on goods for the maintenance of the Bruges trading station) at Antwerp, with appendices, 1562 (1 folder) (regesten 500, 651 and letters 663, 664). 2617–2619: Various documents regarding the payments for the building of a new Hansekontor in Antwerp, 1564–1565 (3 pieces, 1 charter) (regesten 730, 735 and letter 766).

Conicts •

•

2620–2622: Correspondence regarding conicts between Hanseatic towns and merchants on the one side and the English on the other side, 1548, 1552, 1559 (5 pieces) (letters 242, 285, 522). 2624: Letter from the Hanseatic representatives gathered at Lübeck to Nijmegen with the request to send representatives to Lübeck for the discussion of the trading conicts with the English, 1568 (1 piece) (letter 1084).

Accessibility J.A.B.M. de Jong, Het oud-archief der gemeente Nijmegen, 4 Vols. (Nijmegen, 1960). Volume 1 contains the inventory and an introduction in Dutch, volume 2 is a calendar and volumes 3 and 4 include lists of letters (until 1592). The latter also contains an index. Custodial history Many of the archives from before 1550 have been lost due to a lack of care. The only exceptions are the medieval charters, which have largely survived.

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1263

Publications • •

• • •

Krom, C.C.N., and M.S. Pols (eds.), Stadsrechten van Nijmegen (The Hague, 1894); containing the books of statutes. Schevichaven, H.D.J. van, and J.C.J. Kleijntjens (eds.), Rekeningen der stad Nijmegen 1382–1543, 4 Vols. (Nijmegen, 1910–1919); containing the town accounts. Schimmel, J.A. (ed.), Burgerboek van Nijmegen 1592–1810 (Tilburg, 1966); containing registers of burghers. Schimmel, J.A. (ed.), Burgerboek van Nijmegen 1336–1591 (Nijmegen, 1976); containing registers of burghers. Schimmel, J.A. (ed.), Aantekeningen op het Burgerboek van Nijmegen (Nijmegen, 1976); containing registers of burghers.

WATERLAND ARCHIVES Waterlands Archief Purmerend www.waterlandsarchief.nl

Church Archives of Edam-Volendam Record group Church Archives of Edam-Volendam Kerkelijke archieven Edam-Volendam Reference code : not applicable Period : 1649–1993 Extent : 2.75 metres Abstract These archives consist of the records of the various congregations and parishes of the towns of Edam and Volendam. The material includes documents

1264

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regarding church government, registers of members, nancial registers, correspondence, annual reports and monthly magazines. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1659–1904 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant is the register of members, baptisms, marriages and burials of the Evangelical-Lutheran congregation of Edam, which provides information on immigration (box 4, dating from 1659–1904, 1 volume). Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance Edam and Monnickendam (in the present-day province of North-Holland) were the main Waterland towns maintaining contacts with the Baltic Sea region in the period between 1450 and 1800. The towns were active in Baltic Sea trade, transporting colonial goods and French salt to the region and returning with wood and other products. Merchants from the towns and notably from Amsterdam hired skippers and seamen from the Waterland towns and villages like Jisp, Landsmeer and Wormer in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The harbours of both towns were of limited signicance due to problems of accessibility, and the volume of direct imports from and exports to the Baltic Sea region was therefore relatively small, with the exception of wood imports from Scandinavia. Edam was a shipbuilding centre in the region in the fteenth to seventeenth centuries, but eventually focused on shing and river vessels. Both towns and villages lost most of their importance in international trade towards the end of the seventeenth century. The only overseas contacts that remained of some signicance were those with East-Friesland and Hamburg. Copies The entire collection is available on microches in the reading room.

waterland archives

1265

Church Archives of Monnickendam Record group Church Archives of Monnickendam Kerkelijke archieven Monnickendam Reference code : not applicable Period : 1642–1996 Extent : 2.75 metres Abstract These archives consist of the records of the various congregations and parishes of Monnickendam. The material includes documents regarding church government, nancial administration, correspondence, annual reports and monthly magazines. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1649–1857 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the registers of members and marriages of the EvangelicalLutheran congregation, which provide information on immigration (nos. 16 and 17, dating from 1649–1857). Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance Edam and Monnickendam (in the present-day province of North-Holland) were the main Waterland towns maintaining contacts with the Baltic Sea region in the period between 1450 and 1800. The towns were active in Baltic Sea trade, transporting colonial goods and French salt to the region and returning with wood and other products. Merchants from the towns and notably from Amsterdam hired skippers and seamen from the Waterland towns and villages like Jisp, Landsmeer and Wormer in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The harbours of both towns were of limited signicance due to problems of accessibility, and the volume of direct imports

1266

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from and exports to the Baltic Sea region was therefore relatively small, with the exception of wood imports from Scandinavia. Edam was a shipbuilding centre in the region in the fteenth to seventeenth centuries, but eventually focused on shing and river vessels. Both towns and villages lost most of their importance in international trade towards the end of the seventeenth century. The only overseas contacts that remained of some signicance were those with East-Friesland and Hamburg. Copies The entire collection is available on microches in the reading room.

General Tax Collectors’ Archives Record group General Tax Collectors’ Archives Gaardersarchieven Reference code : not applicable Period : 1670–1805 Extent : 0.17 metres Abstract These archives consist of the records of the ontvangers van de gemene middelen (collectors of the general taxes) or gaarders from a few municipalities in Waterland. The registers include information on tax declarations, taxation, receipts of taxes on collateral inheritances and the sale of immovable goods, including ships. Also included is the administration of the imposts on baptisms, marriages and burials. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1672–1805 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the records concerning the taxes on the sale of immovable goods, which include ships: •

I A 4, 5: Register of receipts of taxes on the sale of immovable goods, including ships, in Edam, 1733–1745 and 1771–1805 (2 volumes).

waterland archives •

•

•

1267

I M 19–27: Accounts of the secretary of Edam as the collector of the general taxes (gaardersbelastingen), 1740–1805, with gaps (9 volumes). VIII F 9–21: Accounts and their justication by the secretary of Monnickendam as the collector of the general taxes, 1719–1805, with gaps (7 bundles and 6 volumes). XI B 5–10: Accounts and their justication by the secretary of Wormer as the collector of the general taxes, 1672–1805, with gaps (19 bundles).

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance Edam and Monnickendam (in the present-day province of North-Holland) were the main Waterland towns maintaining contacts with the Baltic Sea region in the period between 1450 and 1800. The towns were active in Baltic Sea trade, transporting colonial goods and French salt to the region and returning with wood and other products. Merchants from the towns and notably from Amsterdam hired skippers and seamen from the Waterland towns and villages like Jisp, Landsmeer and Wormer in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The harbours of both towns were of limited signicance due to problems of accessibility, and the volume of direct imports from and exports to the Baltic Sea region was therefore relatively small, with the exception of wood imports from Scandinavia. Edam was a shipbuilding centre in the region in the fteenth to seventeenth centuries, but eventually focused on shing and river vessels. Both towns and villages lost most of their importance in international trade towards the end of the seventeenth century. The only overseas contacts that remained of some signicance were those with East-Friesland and Hamburg.

Notaries in Waterland Record group Notaries in Waterland Notarissen in Waterland Reference code : not applicable Period : 1552–1842 Extent : 5502 items, 82 metres

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Abstract This record group consists of the notarial archives from the towns and villages in Waterland. They include registers of notarial deeds of various notaries up to 1842. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1574–1842 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the registers of notarials deeds of notaries (admitted to the profession before 1800) from the towns of Edam and Monnickendam and several smaller towns and villages. These include deeds regarding sales of ships, bills of lading and other maritime business from the following towns: • • • • • • • • • • •

198–214: Beemster, 1685–1695, 1733–1751 and 1798–1804. 215: Beest, 1680–1699. 433–442: Broek in Waterland, 1681–1800. 467: Zuiderwoude, 1679–1700. 481–698, 726–727: Edam, 1574–1811. 2979–3002: Jisp, 1659–1800. 3131–3149: Landsmeer, 1628–1802. 3405–3565, 3567–3571: Monnickendam, 1582–1842. 4104–4109: Oosthuizen, 1659–1810. 4222–4351, 4363–4370, 4377–4380: Purmerend, 1607–1802. 5617–5673: Wormer, 1612–1800.

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance Edam and Monnickendam (in the present-day province of North-Holland) were the main Waterland towns maintaining contacts with the Baltic Sea region in the period between 1450 and 1800. The towns were active in Baltic Sea trade, transporting colonial goods and French salt to the region and returning with wood and other products. Merchants from the towns and notably from Amsterdam hired skippers and seamen from the Waterland towns and villages like Jisp, Landsmeer and Wormer in the sixteenth and

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1269

seventeenth centuries. The harbours of both towns were of limited signicance due to problems of accessibility, and the volume of direct imports from and exports to the Baltic Sea region was therefore relatively small, with the exception of wood imports from Scandinavia. Edam was a shipbuilding centre in the region in the fteenth to seventeenth centuries, but eventually focused on shing and river vessels. Both towns and villages lost most of their importance in international trade towards the end of the seventeenth century. The only overseas contacts which remained of some signicance were those with East-Friesland and Hamburg. Related materials •

City Archives Amsterdam: Notaries Public Stationed in Amsterdam (reference code: 5075); containing information related to the seafaring activities of the Westfriesian and Waterland towns and villages, as many Amsterdam merchants hired Westfriesian and Waterland ships and skippers.

Old Judicial Archives Record group Old Judicial Archives Oud rechterlijk archief Reference code : not applicable Period : 1579–1811 Extent : 3.25 metres Abstract This record group consists of the judicial archives of the towns and villages in Waterland. They mainly concern the administration of voluntary justice and care for orphans, and include acts of public sales, transfers and mortgages. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1579–1811 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

1270

the netherlands

Relevant are the aldermen’s rolls (schepenrollen) from various towns and villages, which include cases of trade and shipping to the Baltic Sea region. • • • • • • • • • • • •

314–330: Aldermen’s rolls of Wormer, 1609–1809 (17 volumes). 364–369: Aldermen’s rolls of Jisp, 1612–1653 and 1665–1788 (6 volumes). 3423–3428: Aldermen’s rolls of Landsmeer, 1592–1607 and 1667–1811 (6 volumes). 3461–3473a: Aldermen’s rolls of Broek, 1601–1811 (12 volumes and 1 folder). 3506–3508: Aldermen’s rolls of Zuiderwoude, 1727–1805 (3 volumes). 3537–3561: Aldermen’s rolls of Monnickendam, 1579–1600, 1615–1628 and 1640–1811 (25 volumes). 3616: Aldermen’s roll of Katwoude, 1688–1808 (1 volume). 3620–3622: Aldermen’s rolls of Marken, 1693–1810 (3 volumes). 3632–3638: Aldermen’s rolls of Purmerland and Ilpendam, 1672–1811, with gaps (7 volumes). 3692–3717: Aldermen’s rolls of Purmerend, 1589–1810, with gaps (26 volumes). 3779–3802: Aldermen’s rolls of Edam, 1662–1811 (24 volumes). 4087–4094: Aldermen’s rolls of Oosthuizen, 1665–1669, 1689–1705 and 1714–1810 (7 volumes and 1 folder).

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance Edam and Monnickendam (in the present-day province of North-Holland) were the main Waterland towns maintaining contacts with the Baltic Sea region in the period between 1450 and 1800. The towns were active in Baltic Sea trade, transporting colonial goods and French salt to the region and returning with wood and other products. Merchants from the towns and notably from Amsterdam hired skippers and seamen from the Waterland towns and villages like Jisp, Landsmeer and Wormer in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The harbours of both towns were of limited signicance due to problems of accessibility, and the volume of direct imports from and exports to the Baltic Sea region was therefore relatively small,

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1271

with the exception of wood imports from Scandinavia. Edam was a shipbuilding centre in the region in the fteenth to seventeenth centuries, but eventually focused on shing and river vessels. Both towns and villages lost most of their importance in international trade towards the end of the seventeenth century. The only overseas contacts that remained of some signicance were those with East-Friesland and Hamburg.

Town of Edam Record group Town of Edam Stad Edam Reference code Period Extent

: not applicable : 1310–1813 (1822) : 508 items, 58.65 metres

Abstract The archives of the town of Edam contain all remaining material relating to the town’s administration up to 1813. The material includes town privileges, council resolutions, charters and by-laws, urban accounts and nancial registers regarding taxes, tolls and rents, correspondence, and documents concerning trade, guilds and industry, church matters, population, charitable institutions, education, military matters, and water management. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1469–1814 : Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the privileges, resolutions and correspondence of both the town and the States of Holland, which contain decisions and other information regarding trade and shipping in general, and to the Baltic Sea region in particular. More specically relevant for shipping and trade are the records concerning the harbour and some charters concerning trade matters. The town accounts have been included for information on envoy journeys.

1272

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PRIVILEGES •

33a: Letter of safe-conduct issued by King Christian of Denmark for the skippers of Amsterdam, Hoorn, Enkhuizen and Edam, 1469 (1 piece).

GENERAL ADMINISTRATION • • • • • • • • •

65: Register of resolutions of the vroedschap (council), 1576–1799 (24 volumes). 65a: Register of copies of the most of important resolutions of the vroedschap, 1567–1672 (1 volume). 65b: Copies of the resolutions of the vroedschap, 1638–1773, with additions, 1748–1804 (1 folder). 66: Memorandum book of the burgomasters, 1594–1812 (13 volumes). 68, 69: State documents regarding foreign affairs from before 1670 and from the period 1670–1811 (4 bundles). 70a–b: Resolutions of the States of Holland and West-Friesland from before 1670 and from the period 1670–1811 (127 bundles). 70c–d: Minutes of the meetings of the States of Holland and WestFriesland, 1665–688 (2 volumes). 73: Letters from the meetings of the States in The Hague, with reports of the meetings, 1745–1795 (11 bundles). 75: Drafts of outgoing letters, 1653–1814 (12 volumes).

TOWN FINANCES •

184: Town accounts, 1538–1813, with gaps (145 volumes).

PUBLIC WORKS • • • •

192: Register of accounts and their justication with regard to the harbour of Volendam, 1783–1784 (1 volume). 294a: Specications and calculations regarding the harbour of Edam, with soundings, 1600–1809 (1 folder). 436: Agreement between Edam and the dikers of the Purmer regarding the Edam harbour, 1618 (1 charter). 438: Agreement between Edam and the members of the polder board of the Purmer regarding the extension of the Noorderhavenhoofd (northern jetty), 1631 (1 charter).

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1273

DEFENCE •

298: Statement regarding the receipt of the lastage for the benet of the equipage of war ships against Lübeck in 1511, 1513 (1 charter).

Accessibility Ch.M. Dozy, Inventaris van het oud-archief der stad de Edam 1310–1813 (1822) (Leiden, 1898, revised Purmerend, 1983). Record creator / provenance Edam and Monnickendam (in the present-day province of North-Holland) were the main Waterland towns maintaining contacts with the Baltic Sea region in the period between 1450 and 1800. The towns were active in Baltic Sea trade, transporting colonial goods and French salt to the region and returning with wood and other products. Merchants from the towns and notably from Amsterdam hired skippers and seamen from the Waterland towns and villages like Jisp, Landsmeer and Wormer in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The harbours of both towns were of limited signicance due to problems of accessibility, and the volume of direct imports from and exports to the Baltic Sea region was therefore relatively small, with the exception of wood imports from Scandinavia. Edam was a shipbuilding centre in the region in the fteenth to seventeenth centuries, but eventually focused on shing and river vessels. Both towns and villages lost most of their importance in international trade towards the end of the seventeenth century. The only overseas contacts that remained of some signicance were those with East-Friesland and Hamburg.

Town of Monnickendam Record group Town of Monnickendam Stad Monnickendam Reference code : not applicable Period : (1273) 1403–1813 Extent : 805 items, 23.5 metres

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Abstract The archives of the town of Monnickendam contain all remaining material relating to the town’s administration up to 1813. The material includes privileges, council resolutions, charters and by-laws, urban accounts and nancial registers regarding taxes, tolls and rents, correspondence, and documents regarding trade, industry, population, church matters, charitable institutions, education, water management, police and military matters. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1462–1810 : Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the privileges, resolutions and correspondence of both the town and the States of Holland, which contain decisions and other information regarding trade and shipping in general, and to the Baltic Sea region in particular. The town accounts provide information on envoy journeys. Two items directly relating to trade with the Baltic Sea are also important. GENERAL ADMINISTRATION • • • • • • • • • • • •

1: Resolutions of the vroedschap (council), 1573–1595 (1 volume). 2–19: Resolutions of the vroedschap, 1623–1795 (18 volumes). 20: Extracts from the resolutions of the vroedschap, 1580–1720 (1 folder). 21: Draft resolutions of the vroedschap, 1609–1616 (1 fragment). 23–27: Resolutions of the municipality and the council, 1795–1801 (5 volumes). 33–39: Memorandums of the burgomasters, 1692–1795 (7 volumes). 40–45: Missives of the burgomasters, vroedschap, municipality and council, 1667–1722, 1728–1801 (6 volumes). 49, 50: Incoming documents with appendices, 1572–1810 (2 bundles). 54: Incoming requests, 1622–1761 (1 folder). 56: Incoming letters to the burgomasters, partly as representatives at the provincial meetings, 1576–1785 (1 folder). 57: Incoming documents to the pensionaries, partly as representatives at the provincial meetings, 1603–1641 (1 folder). 60: Register of instructions and ordinances, including agreements with other towns, drafts of outgoing letters and copies of the resolutions of the States of Holland, 1625–1786 (1 volume).

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1275

TRADE PRIVILEGES • •

•

•

70: Privilege of King Christoffer of Denmark, Sweden and Norway regarding trade to Norway, 1443, with certied translation, 1629 (1 folder). 71: Vidimus by the bailiff and aldermen of Amsterdam of a privilege of King Christian of Denmark from 1462, regarding free shipping through the Sound for the burghers of Amsterdam, Hoorn, Enkhuizen and Edam in the summer of 1462, with certied translation, 1629 (1 folder). 72: Privilege of King Christian of Denmark regarding free shipping to Bergen for burghers of Monnickendam, 1470, with certied translation, 1629 (1 folder). 73, 74: Privileges of King Hans of Denmark regarding free trade to the Danish, Norwegian and Swedish lands for one year, 1483 and 1484, with certied translation, 1629 (2 folders).

TOWN FINANCES •

192–202: Town accounts, 1674–1802, with gaps (11 bundles).

PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATION •

•

343–618: Resolutions of the States of Holland, printed, 1524–1793 (276 volumes); nos. 619–636 are indexes, printed, 1524–1790 (18 volumes). 639–652: Secret resolutions of the States of Holland, printed, 1669–1790 (14 volumes); nos. 653–654 are indexes, printed, 1653–1751 (2 volumes).

MISCELLANEOUS • •

863: Ledger of a Monnickendam merchant, seventeenth century (1 volume). 865: Fragment of a travel log of Edam sailors sailing to Norway, 1787–1789 (1 piece).

Accessibility “Inventaris van het oud-archief van de Gemeente Monnickendam”.

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Record creator / provenance Edam and Monnickendam (in the present-day province of North-Holland) were the main Waterland towns maintaining contacts with the Baltic Sea region in the period between 1450 and 1800. The towns were active in Baltic Sea trade, transporting colonial goods and French salt to the region and returning with wood and other products. Merchants from the towns and notably from Amsterdam hired skippers and seamen from the Waterland towns and villages like Jisp, Landsmeer and Wormer in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The harbours of both towns were of limited signicance due to problems of accessibility, and the volume of direct imports from and exports to the Baltic Sea region was therefore relatively small, with the exception of wood imports from Scandinavia. Edam was a shipbuilding centre in the region in the fteenth to seventeenth centuries, but eventually focused on shing and river vessels. Both towns and villages lost most of their importance in international trade towards the end of the seventeenth century. The only overseas contacts that remained of some signicance were those with East-Friesland and Hamburg.

MUNICIPAL ARCHIVES ROERMOND Gemeentearchief Roermond Roermond www.roermond.nl/index8383.htm

Old Archives Record group Old Archives Oud Archief Reference code Period Extent

: not applicable : 1259–1796 : 1944 items, 42 metres

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1277

Abstract The old archives of the town of Roermond consist of the remaining papers of the town’s administration and of the institutions accountable to the town council until 1796, when the town government was restructured. The materials concern for instance the administration of the town council, trades, churches and charitable institutions. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1441–1600 : Germany, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, Low German

Since Roermond is not a sea port, only papers with regard to Roermond’s role as a Hanseatic town, which ended in the late sixteenth century, are relevant. Information on Roermond’s trading relations with towns on the Baltic Sea coast, privileges and diplomatic missions can be found in the resolutions, missives, privilege books and account books. A few letters specically relating to Roermond’s role within the Hanse are also important. GENERAL ADMINISTRATION (0.5 m) Missives •

67–114 (–308): Incoming correspondence and drafts of outgoing letters, 1441, 1520, 1554–1600 (–1796), with outgoing letters of 1441, 1520, 1556, 1558, 1562, 1563, 1565–1567, 1577, 1580, 1582, 1583, 1588 and 1590 lacking (48 folders). No. 72 (1557) including: * regest 1301: Letter from Roermond to Venlo, Geldern, Erkelen, Stralen, Wachtendonk and Echt, calling them to a meeting to discuss the themes of the upcoming general Hanseatic meeting, held at Lübeck on 24 August, 1557 (draft). * regest 1302: Authorisation of the town of Wachtendonk to its capital town of Roermond to represent it at the general meeting of the Hanse in August, 1557 (draft). * regest 1303: Request by the town of Geldern to the town of Roermond as capital town to send a delegate from Roermond to the next general meeting of the Hanse, to represent the towns of the Roermond quarter of Guelders, 1557 (draft).

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Privileges •

•

345–347: Jura et (ac) privilegia civitatis Ruraemundensis, register of privileges, rights and customs of the town of Roermond, with copies of pieces from 1244–1794, drawn up in the eighteenth century (3 volumes). 348, 349: Registers of copies of privileges, customs and proclamations of the town of Roermond, drawn up around 1538–1540 (2 volumes).

FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION (0.3 m) •

537–552 (–668): Town accounts, 1579/80–1599/1600 (–1796) (12 volumes, 1 folder, 4 pieces, 2 small volumes).

ROERMOND AS MEMBER OF THE HANSEATIC LEAGUE (0.1 m) •

•

•

•

808 (regest 1232): Letter from the town of Cologne to the town of Nijmegen, setting a date for a meeting of the Cologne quarter of the Hanseatic League and sending the agenda for the meeting, 1554 (contemporary copy) (1 quire). 809 (regest 1359, 1365): Letter from the town of Lübeck and the Wendish towns, setting a date for a general meeting of the Hanse and sending the agenda for the meeting, and a reply from the town of Nijmegen and representatives of the towns of Roermond, Arnhem and Zutphen that, partly because of an unresolved conict with Cologne, these four towns will not attend the meeting, 1562 (2 pieces). 810: Minutes of a secret meeting of the Hanseatic towns of Cologne, Soest, Münster, Wesel, Nijmegen, Deventer, Zutphen, Zwolle, Kampen, Duisburg, Arnhem, Harderwijk, Doesburg, Emmerich, Roermond and Venlo, held at Wesel, 1564 (1 volume). 811 (regest 1425): Act in which the German merchants in wine, including those from Roermond, residing at Dordrecht protest against a new wine tax, 1564 (1 quire).

Accessibility G.W.G. van Bree, Inventaris van de oude archieven van de stad Roermond, 1259–1796 (Roermond, 1989). Custodial history Many of the early contents of the town archives were lost in a re in 1554. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, more original material disap-

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peared, resulting in the Roermond archives being the most incomplete of the four collections of the capital towns of Guelders (Nijmegen, Arnhem, Roermond and Zutphen).

MUNICIPAL ARCHIVES ROTTERDAM Gemeentearchief Rotterdam Rotterdam www.gemeentearchief.rotterdam.nl

Board of Aldermen of Rotterdam Record group Board of Aldermen of Rotterdam College van schepenen van Rotterdam Reference code : 15 Period : 1489–1811 Extent : 1172 items, 208.84 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the court of the bailiff and aldermen, the commissioners in charge of cases regarding impost, the commissioners of maritime matters, insurance and average, and the commissioners of minor cases and peacemakers. It includes the courts’ administration of criminal, civil and voluntary justice, as well as their correspondence, resolutions and minutes of meetings. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1592–1810 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

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Relevant is mainly the administration of the maritime court. In addition, cases regarding persons from the Baltic Sea area can be found in the registers of sentences of the aldermen in criminal cases. Cases concerning merchants and skippers may be found in the administration of the civil court too. Also important are registers of drowned people and deeds of transfer of ships. BAILIFF AND ALDERMAN OF ROTTERDAM Criminal cases • •

244–261 (–264): Registers of sentences of the aldermen in criminal cases, 1592–1802 (–1811) (18 volumes). 306–311: Registers concerning people struck down or drowned, 1604–1797 (6 volumes).

Civil cases • •

319–337: Registers of resolutions of the aldermen and deeds passed by them in civil cases, 1636–1810 (19 volumes). 489: Register of cases against which an appeal was lodged, decided by the commissioners in maritime matters, 1674–1731 (1 volume).

Voluntary justice •

756–761: Registers of deeds of transfer of ships, 1748–1805 (–1811).

COMMISSIONERS OF MARITIME MATTERS, INSURANCE AND AVARAGE (MARITIME COURT) • • • •

981, 982 (983): Registers of resolutions of the commissioners of the maritime court, 1789–1803 (–1811) (2 volumes). 986–1044 (–1063): Rolls of the maritime court, 1670–1801 (–1811) (69 volumes). 1064–1068: Registers of guarantees and warrants of attorney, 1677–1762 (5 volumes); no. 1069 is an index, c. 1724–1795 (1 volume). 1114, 1115: Documents relating to cases treated by the maritime court, 1725–1810 (2 bundles).

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Accessibility H. ten Boom, Inventaris van de rechterlijke archieven van Rotterdam, 1489–1811 (Rotterdam, 1985); also available online at the repository’s website. A card index of personal names is available that covers the registers of sentences in criminal cases (inv. nos. 244–261). These cards include the place of origin of the persons named, with places in the Baltic Sea region appearing regularly. Record creator / provenance Rotterdam was a relatively insignicant town until the second quarter of the sixteenth century, when the town started to develop due to its geographical position in between Antwerp and Amsterdam. During the greater part of the period between 1450 and 1800, Rotterdam’s main industries were herring sheries and herring trade, for which the town had its own eet. Trade was conducted mainly with England and France, but also with Scotland, Italy, Spain and the Baltic Sea region. When Amsterdam remained on the Spanish side between 1572 and 1578, Rotterdam, which had joined the Dutch Revolt in 1572, could temporarily take over Amsterdam’s Baltic Sea trade. Whereas in 1569 only two Rotterdam ships sailed through the Sound against 139 from Amsterdam, in 1574 the situation had reversed: 172 Rotterdam ships against only two from Amsterdam. In 1578 Amsterdam regained its position in Baltic Sea trade, but Rotterdam also managed to maintain a share in this trade until the rst half of the seventeenth century. Contacts existed mainly with Gdansk (Danzig), but also with Szczecin (Stettin), Kaliningrad (Königsberg) and Riga. Although trade with the Baltic Sea declined in the rst half of the seventeenth century, Rotterdam merchants kept importing herring into and exporting grain from the Baltic Sea region on a small scale during the period up to 1800. The herring trade as a whole decreased and in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Rotterdam commerce was concentrated mainly on the wine trade with France, trade with England and Scotland, and river transports to the Rhineland.

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Evangelical-Lutheran Congregation (Rotterdam) Record group Evangelical-Lutheran Congregation (Rotterdam) Evangelisch-Lutherse Gemeente (Rotterdam) Reference code : 28.01 Period : 1601–1910 Extent : 755 items, 24.68 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the Evangelical-Lutheran Congregation of Rotterdam until 1910. It includes the administration of the various bodies within that congregation, such as the church council, the board of deacons, the committee for the organisation of education, collectors and others, as well as deposited property papers. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1677–1685 : Denmark, the Netherlands : Danish, High German

Relevant is a missive book (dating from 1677–1685) of a merchant in groceries and other products, Johannes Valck, who was originally from Denmark and was active in Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Dordrecht. The missive book can be found at the back of Valck’s current account-book (inv. no. 667, dating from 1683–1687). It includes letters to his family in Copenhagen and others. Accessibility E. Wiersum, Inventaris van het archief van de Evangelisch-Lutherse Gemeente te Rotterdam 1601–1910 (Rotterdam, 1914/2006); also available online at the repository’s website.

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Guilds Record group Guilds Gilden Reference code Period Extent

: 17 : 1450–1887 : 286 items, 6.04 metres

Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the Rotterdam guilds. It includes the adminstration of a large number of guilds, such as resolutions, correspondence, accounts and lists of guild members and deans of guild. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1570–1818 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the papers of the Great Skippers’ Guild: • • • • • • •

119: Ordinances and by-laws regarding the skippers’ guild and shipping (printed), with index, 1719–1793 (1 volume). 120, 121: Name registers of guild brothers, 1687–1817 (2 volumes). 122: Alphabetical list of guild brothers, 1669–1767 (1 volume). 125–127: Incoming documents and copies of outgoing documents, 1570–1794 (3 volumes). 128: Incoming documents, 1762–1817 (1 bundle). 133: Register of outgoing documents, 1769–1777 (1 volume). 134, 135: Accounts and their justication, 1654–1818 (2 volumes).

Accessibility E. van Wiersum, Inventaris van de archieven der Rotterdamse gilden, 1450–1887 (Rotterdam 1926, revised 1994, 2005); also available online at the repository’s website.

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Record creator / provenance Rotterdam was a relatively insignicant town until the second quarter of the sixteenth century, when the town started to develop due to its geographical position in between Antwerp and Amsterdam. During the greater part of the period between 1450 and 1800, Rotterdam’s main industries were herring sheries and herring trade, for which the town had its own eet. Trade was conducted mainly with England and France, but also with Scotland, Italy, Spain and the Baltic Sea region. When Amsterdam remained on the Spanish side between 1572 and 1578, Rotterdam, which had joined the Dutch Revolt in 1572, could temporarily take over Amsterdam’s Baltic Sea trade. Whereas in 1569 only two Rotterdam ships sailed through the Sound against 139 from Amsterdam, in 1574 the situation had reversed: 172 Rotterdam ships against only two from Amsterdam. In 1578 Amsterdam regained its position in Baltic Sea trade, but Rotterdam also managed to maintain a share in this trade until the rst half of the seventeenth century. Contacts existed mainly with Gdansk (Danzig), but also with Szczecin (Stettin), Kaliningrad (Königsberg) and Riga. Although trade with the Baltic Sea declined in the rst half of the seventeenth century, Rotterdam merchants kept importing herring into and exporting grain from the Baltic Sea region on a small scale during the period up to 1800. The herring trade as a whole decreased and in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Rotterdam commerce was concentrated mainly on the wine trade with France, trade with England and Scotland, and river transports to the Rhineland.

Insurance, Discount and Loan Company of the Town of Rotterdam Record group Insurance, Discount and Loan Company of the Town of Rotterdam Mij. Assurantie, Discontering, Belening Stad Rotterdam Reference code : 199 Period : 1720–1968 Extent : 558 items, 26.66 metres

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Abstract This collection consists of the administration of the Insurance, Discount and Loan Company of the town of Rotterdam. It includes the company’s general and nancial administration and more specic registers regarding various forms of insurance. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1720–1802 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the registers dealing with insurance in general and with sea insurance in particular. These include information on ships sailing to the Baltic Sea and their cargo. • • • • • •

209, 210: Journal of insurance, 1720–1727 (2 volumes). 211, 212: Ledger of insurance, 1720–1727 (2 volumes); with index under nos. 213, 214 (2 quires). 215–226: Insurance book, 1720–1782 (1786) (12 volumes). 227–229 (–241): Sea insurance book, 1786–1802 (–1874) (3 volumes). 243–249 (–260): Registers of current risks at sea, 1724–1802 (–1874) (8 volumes). 261: Register of accounts of damage and average (fragment), 1790–1797 (1 quire).

Accessibility “Archief der maatschappij van assurantie, discontering en belening der stad Rotterdam 1720–1874”; also available online at the repository’s website. Related materials •

Van Oordt Family (reference code: 675), inv. no. 710: Policy for the cargo of the ship The Ariadne, sailing from Königsberg to Rotterdam or Schiedam, issued by the Company of Insurances (Maatschappij van Assurantiën) to Cornelis v.d. Hoeven & zoon, 1793.

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Judicial Archives Delfshaven Record group Judicial Archives Delfshaven Rechterlijk Archief Delfshaven Reference code : 252 Period : 1628–1811 Extent : 32 items, 1.45 metres Abstract This collection consists of the administration of the jurisdiction of Delfshaven, which, until it was separated in 1725, was part of that of Delft and where law was administered by the ‘lords of the law’ (Heren van de wet) of this town. The collection includes the papers of the commissioners of the law until 1795 and of the board of aldermen from 1795, and covers criminal, civil and voluntary justice. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1795–1802 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant is solely a register of transfer of ships and barges, 1795–1802 (inv. no. 20, 1 volume). Accessibility H. Hoekstra, “Inventaris van het archief van de Commissarissen van de Wet over Delfshaven, sinds 1795 College van Schepenen (Rechterlijk Archief ) 1628–1811”; also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance Delfshaven was founded in 1389 as a port for Delft. In 1795 it pronounced its independence, only to be reunited with Delft in 1796 by the provisional administration of Holland. In 1811 the port again became independent, but in 1886 it was united with the Rotterdam municipality. Delfshaven was mainly active in shing, but also conducted whaling and some trade to France, the Baltic Sea and the East and West Indies.

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Local Governments Delfshaven and Schoonderloo Record group Local Governments Delfshaven and Schoonderloo Plaatselijke besturen Delfshaven en Schoonderloo Reference code :3 Period : 1390–1886 Extent : 1645 items, 74.93 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers concerning the administration of Delfshaven and Schoonderloo, which until the late eighteenth century belonged to the town of Delft. It includes resolutions, correspondence and other documents regarding the administration of these places, as well as papers more specically about the management of the harbour of Delfshaven. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1537–1801 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the documents regarding the administration of Delfshaven and its harbour, which include information about trade and shipping with the Baltic Sea area and details regarding the harbour. DELFSHAVEN Documents regarding Delfshaven and Schoonderloo in the archives of the town of Delft • • • •

1–5: Registers of resolutions of the Delft council regarding Delfshaven, etc., 1568–1794 (5 volumes). 6: Extract resolutions regarding the attempts of Delft to keep the harbour small, 1537–1539 (1 piece). 7–9: Incoming documents and drafts of outgoing documents regarding Delfshaven, etc., 1564–1789 (3 bundles). 12: Ordinances concerning the Delft skippers’ guild, 1575–1585, copy from 1615 (1 piece).

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14: Instruction for the harbour masters of Delfshaven, 1650 (1 piece). 19: Documents regarding the instruction for the harbour master of Delfshaven, ca. 1785 (1 le). 22: Charter of King Philip II for Delft to levy an impost on all ships arriving in Delfshaven, 1560 (1 charter). 59: Contracts regarding the upkeep of the quay and the deepening of the harbour, 1675–1705 (1 folder). 108: Register of plans, resolutions and instructions for the harbour master of Delfshaven, 1767–1772 (1 volume). 110: Accounts of receipts and expenses of the harbour master of Delfshaven, 1769–1771 (1 folder). 111–114: Documents belonging to the accounts of the harbour master, 1773–1777 (3 volumes, 1 bundle).

Records of the town’s steward and the commissioners of law in Delfshaven • • • • •

144: By-laws and ordinances of the town of Delft (printed), 1628–1731 (1 folder). 146: Ordinance regarding the guarding and keeping of ships, busses, etc., in Delfshaven, 1633 (1 folder). 147: Ordinance regarding the shipwrights and their servants in Delft and Delfshaven, c. 1644 (1 piece). 150: Instruction for the harbour masters, 1659 (1 piece). 157: Regulation regarding the piloting of sea vessels, etc. (printed), 1737 (1 piece).

Records of the municipality of Delfshaven •

327: Memorandum of receipts and expenses from the sleuces and harbours, 1795–1801 (1 folder).

Accessibility R. Bijlsma, Plaatsingslijst van de archieven van de plaatselijke besturen van Delfshaven en Schoonderloo (Rotterdam, 1909, revised edition 2002); also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance Delfshaven was founded in 1389 as a port for Delft. In 1795 it pronounced its independence, only to be reunited with Delft in 1796 by the provisional

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administration of Holland. In 1811 the port again became independent, but in 1886 it was united with the Rotterdam municipality. In the early modern period, Delfshaven was mainly active in shing, but also conducted whaling and some trade to France, the Baltic Sea region and the East and West Indies.

Manuscript Collection (Rotterdam) Record group Manuscript Collection (Rotterdam) Handschriftenverzameling (Rotterdam) Reference code : 33.01 Period : 16th–20th centuries Extent : 10560 items, 81.63 metres Abstract This collection consists of the manuscripts assembled by the municipal archives. It is divided into two parts (part I/II and part III) and includes manuscript sources regarding persons (families and individuals) and a large number of subjects such as economic matters, property and administrative matters, with regard to Rotterdam, Holland, the Netherlands and the rest of the world. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1620–1806 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are a few items, regarding the Hanse, trade with the Baltic Sea region and the sale of ships or shares in ships. They are to be found in both sections of the collection. Catalogue of the manuscript collection, part I and II •

1782: Charters or privileges, resolutions, etc., regarding the Hanseatic towns, or merchants from these towns, such as Lübeck, Bremen, Hamburg and Gdansk (Danzig), residing in Antwerp (copy), 1778 (1 folder).

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3309: Log of the ship De Jonge Pieter, sailing from Rotterdam to England and back in 1773, and of the ship De Archibald Adriaan, sailing from Rotterdam to the Baltic Sea and back, 1773 (1 volume). 3332: Memorandum book of a merchant of wine, cloth, grain and other products, including references to trade with merchants from Hamburg, Gdansk and Königsberg, 1676 (1 folder). 3334: Book of accounts of a merchant from Delfshaven trading textiles, tar, grain, sh, etc., 1648 (1 quire).

Catalogue of the manuscript collection, part III •

7904–7922: Various documents from Rotterdam regarding the sale of ships or shares in ships, or the payment of debts using a vessel as a surety, 1620–1792 (19 pieces). Including: * 7917: Deed of transfer of shares in the ship Maria Theresia, commissioned by De Coninck and Ryersen, merchants in Copenhagen, 1785 (1 piece).

Accessibility J.G.B. Nieuwenhuis, Catalogus van de handschriftenverzameling, 3 Vols. (Rotterdam, 1970–1999)s; also available online at the repository’s website.

Mennonite Congregation Record group Mennonite Congregation Doopsgezinde Gemeente Reference code : 27 Period : (1496) 1635–1907 Extent : 202 items, 12 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the Mennonite Congregation of Rotterdam. It includes the records of the church council, the board of deacons and the committee of appeal, registers of members, and the congregation’s nancial administration, as well as deposited records.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1694–1821 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are nos. 81–84: registers of members of the Flemish, Waterland and combined Mennonite Congregations, which include migrants from and to the Baltic Sea region, dating from 1694–1821 (4 volumes). Accessibility E. Wiersum, Inventaris van de Doopsgezinde Gemeente te Rotterdam (Rotterdam 1908 (1996)), with introduction in Dutch; also available online at the repository’s website. Indices of personal names and of places of origin and destination on the registers of members of the reformed, Mennonite and Walloon congregations in Rotterdam are available in the repository’s reading room and include migrants from and to the Baltic Sea region. Related materials • •

Registers of members of the Reformed Congregation (reference code: 23.01, inv. nos. 272, 273). Registers of members of the Walloon Reformed Church (reference code: 143, inv. nos. 119, 120, 129–131).

Notaries at Rotterdam and Municipalities Absorbed by it Record group Notaries at Rotterdam and Municipalities Absorbed by it Notarissen te Rotterdam en daarin opgegane gemeenten Reference code : 18 Period : 1585–1811 Extent : 4273 items, 542.54 metres

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Abstract This collection consists of the notarial archives of Rotterdam and the municipalities that were absorbed by Rotterdam (including Delfshaven). Included are registers of drafts of notarial deeds of various notaries. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1585–1811 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the notarial archives of Rotterdam and Delfshaven, which include notarial deeds regarding sales of ships, bills of lading and other maritime business. OLD NOTARIAL ARCHIVES OF ROTTERDAM •

1–3782: Registers of drafts of notarial deeds from various Rotterdam notaries admitted to the ofce before 1800, 1585–1811.

OLD NOTARIAL ARCHIVES OF DELFSHAVEN •

3836–3921: Registers of drafts of notarial deeds from various Delfshaven notaries admitted to the ofce before 1800, 1601–1805.

Accessibility E. Wiersum, Inventaris van de archieven van de Notarissen te Rotterdam en daarin opgegane gemeenten 1585–1811 (Rotterdam 1919 (2005)); also available online at the repository’s website. The archives are solely accessible on microche, which can be found in the repository’s self-service reading room, in drawers 38–90. A card index of personal names, geographical names, goods, names of ships and ships cast ashore and sunk can also be accessed in the reading rooms. The geographical index contains many Baltic place names, such as Åbo (Turku), Gdansk, Königsberg, Copenhagen, Reval (Tallinn), Riga, St. Petersburg, the Sound and Stockholm, and Bremen and Hamburg. The goods index includes typical Baltic Sea merchandise such as ax, fur and wood.

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Also useful is the search engine of the notarial archives on the repository’s website. Entering a keyword (including geographical names) brings up extracts (in Dutch) from notarial deeds including that keyword. Record creator / provenance Rotterdam was a relatively insignicant town until the second quarter of the sixteenth century, when the town started to develop due to its geographical position in between Antwerp and Amsterdam. During the greater part of the period between 1450 and 1800, Rotterdam’s main industries were herring sheries and herring trade, for which the town had its own eet. Trade was conducted mainly with England and France, but also with Scotland, Italy, Spain and the Baltic Sea region. When Amsterdam remained on the Spanish side between 1572 and 1578, Rotterdam, which had joined the Dutch Revolt in 1572, could temporarily take over Amsterdam’s Baltic Sea trade. Whereas in 1569 only two Rotterdam ships sailed through the Sound against 139 from Amsterdam, in 1574 the situation had reversed: 172 Rotterdam ships against only two from Amsterdam. In 1578 Amsterdam regained its position in Baltic Sea trade, but Rotterdam also managed to maintain a share in this trade until the rst half of the seventeenth century. Contacts existed mainly with Gdansk (Danzig), but also with Szczecin (Stettin), Kaliningrad (Königsberg) and Riga. Although trade with the Baltic Sea declined in the rst half of the seventeenth century, Rotterdam merchants kept importing herring into and exporting grain from the Baltic Sea region on a small scale during the period up to 1800. The herring trade as a whole decreased and in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Rotterdam commerce was concentrated mainly on the wine trade with France, trade with England and Scotland, and river transports to the Rhineland.

Old Town Archives Record group Old Town Archives Oud Stadsarchief Reference code : 1.01 Period : 1340–1813 (1297–1854) Extent : 5324 items, 244.64 metres

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Abstract The Old Town Archives of Rotterdam contain all remaining materials relating to the town’s administration, both internally and externally (as regards provincial and central administration), until 1813, when, as in many towns in the Netherlands, the town’s organisation had changed radically (mainly in 1808 and 1811). The materials consist of the records kept by the various administrative units of the town government and of the commissions and institutions that were accountable to this government, such as the town’s loan ofce and exchange bank. The record group is divided into administrative records; nancial records; records of the board of factory masters, the commission of management of town buildings and property, and the commission of the local works of the town of Rotterdam, de fabricage; and records of the town commissions and institutions. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1270–1863 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the resolutions, by-laws, ordinances and privileges of various government bodies, which include decisions on trade and shipping, the harbour and the market. Also important are the town’s incoming and outgoing documents, which contain correspondence about and with the Baltic Sea region, registers regarding the granting of citizenship and the issuing of passports and marriage registers, which contain information on immigration, and various documents concerning trade and shipping, banking, transport, navigation, the harbour, naval matters and various dues. Finally, the accounts include information on the journeys of diplomats. I: ADMINISTRATIVE RECORDS General town administration A: Vroedschap (council), 1495–1795 •

14–165: Registers of resolutions of the vroedschap (from no. 55 onward with appendices), 1495–1512, 1533–1558, 1574–1795 (152 volumes); tables of contents of these registers are available in nos. 166–173, from 1495–1795 (8 volumes), and an index of the rst ten volumes in no. 184 (1 folder); some draft resolutions (minuten) are found in nos.

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174–180, from 1656–1672, 1681–1692 (7 volumes), and other drafts in nos. 181–182, from 1721–1733 (2 volumes). 186: Register of secret vroedschap resolutions, 1770–1795 (1 volume); appendices are available in nos. 187–188, from 1771–1795 (2 volumes).

Executive town administration A: Burgomasters and successors •

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272–288: Resolutions of burgomasters and aldermen 1608–1625, 1632–1795 (burgomasters), 1795–1798 (aldermen) (15 volumes and 2 folders). 359–360: Register of agreements between the town and third parties, 1644–1706, and a protocol of certicates issued to private individuals as regards citizenship, residency, ownership, etc., 1739–1812 (2 volumes). 361: Register of incoming and outgoing correspondence, 1564–1570 (1 volume). 362–405 (–434): Incoming letters and other documents, 1611–1800 (–1813) (1 folder, 1 bundle and 42 volumes); no 435 contains an alphabetical index, 1737–1765 (1 volume); no. 436 a list of incoming documents, 1788–1792 (1 folder). 439–474 (–490): Registers of outgoing letters, 1644–1800 (–1813) (1 folder and 35 volumes).

B: College van de Weth (legislative board) •

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• •

491–531: Town by-laws and ordinances, and by-laws and ordinances from higher bodies and other towns, c. 1400–1483, c. 1550, 1638–1720, 1730–1810 (17 volumes, 1 quire, 2 folders, 1 piece and 2 series of 10 covers each). 532–545 (–550): Proclamations and ordinances from the States General, States of Holland, town of Rotterdam and other government bodies, proclaimed from the Rotterdam town hall, 1600–1805 (–1813) (14 volumes). 552–560 (–568): Proclamations and ordinances issued at Rotterdam, 1773–1800 (–1809) (9 volumes). 569: Notebook with decisions of the Legislative Board, 1631–1640 (1 small volume).

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570–653: Registers of resolutions, 1702–1795 (84 volumes). No. 654 contains an appendix, 1785/1786 (1 bundle); nos. 655–672 contain draft resolutions, 1657/1658, 1688, 1695/1698, 1705–1709, 1717–1742, 1746–1753, 1769–1792, 1794–1795 (18 volumes). 673–676: Correspondence registers (1676)–1739, 1777–1794 (4 volumes).

Charters and privileges •

683–687: Various registers of copies of charters, deeds and privileges, 1270–1704 (1 piece and 4 volumes).

Memorandums held by the town secretaries •

690–692: Oud-memoriaal van schepenen, memorandums containing copies of privileges, sentences and various deeds, 1460–1658 (3 volumes).

Charters regarding the administration of justice •

777–779: Charters of the States of Holland regarding the by-laws on insurance and average, 1635, on maritime matters, 1655, and on insurance, average and maritime matters, 1721, including the creation of a separate chamber of justice known as the Zeegerecht (maritime court) (3 charters).

Ofces and civil servants (Civil servants include persons working in trades and professions, such as skippers. All these people were sworn in and for some ofces a guarantee was necessary in the shape of a security. The registers of ofces and civil servants are relevant because they are likely to include immigrants and Rotterdam merchants and skippers.) •

807–857: Various registers regarding ofces, civil servants and securities, 1677–1826 (38 volumes, 3 bundles, 1 quire, 1 small volume and 7 folders).

Citizenship and population •

930–933 (–934): Registers of persons whom is granted citizenship, 1699–1803 (–1811) (4 volumes).

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945–974: Charters of agreement with towns and governments regarding the abolishment of the recht van exue, the right to levy a death tax on goods of foreigners, 1454–1793 (5 charters and 25 pieces). Including the following locations: * 951: Embden, 1735, with certied copy of an agreement of 1668 (2 pieces). * 962: Duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg and the Principality Blankenburg, with documents regarding the inheritance of a surgeon Oldenburch which preceded the agreement, 1760–1761 (1 piece). * 967: Kingdom of Sweden and the Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein, 1774–75 (1 folder). 976: Documents regarding inheritances from foreign town councils and individuals, partly translated, 1687–1786 (1 folder). 1014: List of persons provisionally admitted as inhabitants, 1698–1811 (1 volume). 1015–1018 (–1019): Lists of persons permanently admitted as inhabitants, 1698–1805 (–1811) (4 volumes). 1041–1043: Registers of individuals to whom a passport was issued by burgomasters, aldermen, etc., 1745–1809, with appendix from 1792–1793 (2 volumes and 1 folder). 1044 (–1045): Register of individuals to whom a foreign passport was issued, with appendix, 1795–1801 (1808–1811) (2 volumes). 1053–1075 (–1085): Register of published marriages, with wedding dates, 1576–1800 (–1811) (23 volumes); no. 1087 contains an appendix including baptism, birth and marriage extracts, etc., 1680–1813 (1 bundle). 1086: Register of published marriages between individuals of different religions, with wedding dates, 1755–1795 (1 volume).

Administration of justice and other legal matters •

1227: Act of King Philip II stipulating that, in order to improve the legal security of trade, sheriff’s verdicts below 60 pounds shall not be appealed against, 1556 (1 charter).

Property and possessions • •

1624–1626: Acts concerning the town crane, 1467–1475 (3 charters). 1629: Act of agreement between the town and the count’s exchequers about the levying of the wine and beer toll in Rotterdam, 1561 (1 piece).

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Economic matters A: General •

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2038: Act of agreement between the towns of Delft, Rotterdam, Schiedam and Den Briel that they will not allow privileges regarding the count’s toll at Geervliet and Gouda and that they oppose a toll on goods reaching the Meuse River by sea and vice versa, 1579 (1 piece). 2039: Resolutions of the board of commissioners for trade, 1677–1683 (1 volume) (this board consisted of members of the vroedschap and representatives of the merchants and only existed for a short time). 2040: Draft resolutions and some loose documents of the same, 1678–1683 (1 folder).

B: Trade •

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2182: Act of attestation, passed on request of the town of Rotterdam before notary Peter Ruttens of Amsterdam, by inhabitants of Amsterdam about the reporting of ships’ cargoes, in view of the payment of import and export duties in Amsterdam, 1627 (1 piece). 2198: Act of agreement between Rotterdam and Schiedam about the equipment of a war ship for the protection of merchant shipping, 1479 (1 charter). 2210: Documents concerning the plan to set up an agreement with the duke of Courland regarding reciprocal trading relations, 1699 and undated (1 folder) (for papers regarding a second, similar plan, see no. 3226).

C: Banking and insurance • •

2225: Act of the States of Holland on the ordinance to found an exchange bank, 1635 (1 charter). 2227: Quarterly list of discounted bills of exchange and pawned businesses send in by the Compagnie van assurantie, disconto en beleening in de stad Rotterdam (Company of Insurance, Discount and Pawning in the town of Rotterdam) as a result of a resolution of the vroedschap of 11 February 1726, 1726–1743 (1 bundle).

Trafc and transport A: International ferries and regular barge services •

2508: Documents concerning the institution of a regular barge service to Hamburg, Altona and Bremen, 1760 (1 folder).

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B: Navigation on rivers and to sea •

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2516: Forms and drafts of sea and health briefs for shipping, as well as instructions and legal provisions regarding these, 1745–1809 (1 folder). 2517–2520: Registers of issued sea briefs, 1744–1873 (4 volumes). 2521–2522: Registers of issued health briefs, 1748–1832 (2 volumes). 2524–2527: Various documents regarding the use of the harbour and the ofces of the harbour master and the shipping commissioner, (1639)–1798 (1 folder and 3 pieces).

C: Buoyage and pilotage •

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2554: Notes regarding the kaap-, vuurboet-, en tonnegeld (dues for buoyage) levied on the New Meuse River and near the island Goeree (1280–1715), c. 1715 (1 folder). 2555–2560: Various documents concerning buoyage on the Meuse River and other waterways, (1517)–1714/1715 (3 pieces, 2 folders and 1 bundle). 2561: Extract from the resolutions of the States General, 3 September 1781, regarding the agreement between the Admiralty of Harlingen and Emden about a re beacon on the island of Borkum (2 pieces). 2562–2572: Various documents concerning pilotage, pilot boats and pilots in and around Rotterdam, 1596–c. 1801 (1 charter, 2 folders, 7 pieces, 3 bundles and 2 bundled pieces).

D: Message services and trafc • •

2573–2574 (–2575): Zeetijdingen (tidings of the sea) from Maassluis, 1765–1800 (–1822) (2 volumes). 2576–2577 (–2578): Zeetijdingen from Hellevoetsluis, 1778–1800 (–1822) (2 volumes).

Public works • •

2622: Act of consent of the polder board of Schieland to the town to broaden the area of the town crane towards the east, 1461 (1 charter). 2627–2633: Various documents regarding the harbour and the shipyards, 1688–1783 (1 charter, 1 folder, 4 pieces and 1 bundle).

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State matters A: General •

2870: Charter of Duke Charles the Bold renouncing his rights of wreck as regards the ships and goods of the inhabitants of North-Holland, (1470), (probably) contemporary copy, in French with certied translation (1 quire).

B: Financial and economic matters •

•

2996: Resolutions, mainly regarding matters of trade and industry, passed by boards of higher government (partly copies, partly printed), 1586–1795 (1 bundle). 2998: Documents concerning the deliberations about import and export duties, with notes on conferences attended by Rotterdam, 1653, 1671–1697 (1 bundle).

C: Maritime matters • •

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3018: Documents regarding maritime matters and the Maas Admiralty (1586–1750) (many copies, partly printed), c. 1600–1750 (1 bundle). 3022: Notes on the prohibition to take up service in foreign armies or on foreign merchant or shing vessels without consent of the States General and the States of Holland, c. 1734 (2 pieces). 3023: List describing posters, orders, etc., of both the States General and the Maas Admiralty regarding maritime matters in the period 1591–1680, second half eighteenth century (1 folder).

II: FINANCIAL RECORDS Administration of the Auditor’s Ofce A: Annual accounts •

3087–3345: Various town accounts, made up by the treasurers, treasurers ordinary and treasurers extraordinary, 1556/1557, 1644, 1647–1810 (258 volumes and 1 quire); nos. 3353–3450 are appendices, 1631/1632, 1632/1633, 1684/1685, 1691/1692, 1740/1741, 1754–1810 (1 folder and 97 volumes).

B: Bookkeeping •

3575–3586: Ledgers of the town auditor’s ofce, 1705–1795 (12 volumes).

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3594–3609: Journals of pay warrants, issued by the burgomasters and/ or treasurers and factory masters ( fabrieksmeesteren), 1701–1811 (16 volumes).

C: Town charges and levies • • • • •

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3887: Notes from the minutes of the vroedschap with regard to the crane, early eighteenth century (1 piece). 3889: Documents concerning the collector of the excise duties on the crane, 1798–1807 (3 pieces). 3928: Documents concerning the receipt of dues for the use of the town crane, c. 1765 (2 pieces). 3931: Documents concerning the levy of excise duties on the crane, eighteenth century (1 folder). 3971–3972: Memorandum book and accounts regarding the levying of Zeetijdingengeld (a charge for tidings of the sea), 1715–1810 (2 volumes). 3983: Act from the States of Holland about the levying of a tax on property by the Nieuwe Haven, Groenendaal and surrounding area, for the benet of cutting through from the Admiralty shipyard to the new harbour (Nieuwe Haven), 1688, with a copy from c. 1700 (1 charter and 1 piece). 4014: Act from King Philip II to the town of Rotterdam allowing it to levy a temporary tax on trading goods entering the town, to cover costs of the town fortication, 1574 (1 charter).

D: General state taxes •

4214: Documents concerning a dispute between Abraham de Hooch, farmer of the state excise duty on ships, with the skippers’ guild in Rotterdam, 1644/1646 (1 bundle).

Financial administration of the town clerks Collection and justication of general state taxes and town taxes •

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4456–4464 (–4470): Annual lists of receipt and justications of the 40th penny on the sale of immovable goods, ships and obligations, etc., 1772–1800 (–1806), with gaps (9 volumes). 4471: Specication lists on the above mentioned annual lists (nos. 4456–4464), 1772, 1779, 1801, etc. (1 folder). 4503–4564: Various registers and lists regarding the succession duty on goods of individuals who have died childless (collaterale successie), 1720–1811 (55 volumes, 5 bundles, 1 folder and 1 quire).

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III: RECORDS OF THE BOARD OF FACTORY MASTERS, COMMISSION OF MANAGEMENT OF TOWN BUILDINGS AND PROPERTY, AND COMMISSION OF LOCAL WORKS OF THE TOWN OF ROTTERDAM, DE FABRICAGE Construction, maintenance and management of public works •

4932–4940. Notes from the resolutions of the vroedschap and other documents concerning the maintenance of the harbours, 1575–1850 (9 folders in 1 bundle).

Building inspectors •

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4983–4988 (–5055): Rekestboeken, registers of petitions of third parties to the burgomasters for building permits, with notes about the factory masters’ advice and the decision of the burgomasters, copies, 1695–1814 (–1856) (6 volumes). 5056–5059: Index on the above mentioned registers of petitions (nos. 4983–4988), over the years 1695–1827, compiled c. 1838, 1855, 1863 (4 volumes).

IV: RECORDS OF TOWN COMMISSIONS AND INSTITUTIONS Commissioners of the Loan Ofce (Leenbank) Loans and Advances •

5120: Documents regarding the loan and repayment of 125,000 guilders by King August the Strong of Poland, using 63 crown jewels as security, 1708–1718 (1 folder).

Accessibility H. ten Boom en B. Woeldering, Inventaris van het oud archief van de stad Rotterdam, 2 Vols. (1976), with introduction in Dutch and index on names and placenames (in volume 2); also available online at the repository’s website. Indices on the registers of granted citizenship (inv. nos. 930–934) are available in the repository’s reading room, as are indexes on outgoing letters of the burgomasters, 1646–1681 (inv. nos. 440–445), an index on issued passports, 1745–1809 (inv. nos. 1041–1043), and indices on the zeetijdingen, 1765–1800 (inv. nos. 2573–2574 and 2576–2577).

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Record creator / provenance Rotterdam was a relatively insignicant town until the second quarter of the sixteenth century, when it started to develop due to its geographical position in between Antwerp and Amsterdam. During the greater part of the period between 1450 and 1800, Rotterdam’s main industries were herring sheries and herring trade, for which the town had its own eet. Trade was conducted mainly with England and France, but also with Scotland, Italy, Spain and the Baltic Sea region. When Amsterdam remained on the Spanish side between 1572 and 1578, Rotterdam, which had joined the Dutch Revolt in 1572, could temporarily take over Amsterdam’s Baltic Sea trade. Whereas in 1569 only two Rotterdam ships sailed through the Sound against 139 from Amsterdam, in 1574 the situation had reversed: 172 Rotterdam ships against only two from Amsterdam. In 1578 Amsterdam regained its position in Baltic Sea trade, but Rotterdam also managed to maintain a share in this trade until the rst half of the seventeenth century. Contacts existed mainly with Gdansk (Danzig), but also with Szczecin (Stettin), Kaliningrad (Königsberg) and Riga. Although trade with the Baltic Sea declined in the rst half of the seventeenth century, Rotterdam merchants kept importing herring to and exporting grain from the Baltic Sea region on a small scale during the period up to 1800. The herring trade as a whole decreased and in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Rotterdam commerce was concentrated mainly on the wine trade with France, trade with England and Scotland, and river transports to the Rhineland. Copies A modern copy of a register of by-laws (inv. no. 493), 1457–1483, is available in the repository’s reading room. Publications Nos. 491–492, town by-laws and ordinances, have been published in R. Fruin, “Het oudste keurboek van Rotterdam”, in: Nieuwe Bijdragen voor Rechtsgeleerdheid en Wetgeving (1876), including a large part of the texts and leaving out most of the later corrections in the texts, and in A.C. Kersbergen, which comprises materials not included in Fruin’s work.

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Reformed Congregation Rotterdam-Central Record group Reformed Congregation Rotterdam-Central Hervormde Gemeente Rotterdam-Centrum Reference code : 23.01 Period : 1618–1984 Extent : 1348 items, 40.76 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the reformed congregation of Rotterdam-Central. It includes the records of the church council, the consistory of preachers, the church social welfare work, deposited records and documentation. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1774–1816 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are items 272–273 (–275): the registers of members of the congregation, which include migrants from and to the Baltic region, 1774–1816 (–1843) (2 volumes). Accessibility A.C. Kersbergen, et al., Inventaris van de archieven van kerkenraad, ministerie van predikanten en diaconie van de hervormde gemeente RotterdamCentrum (Rotterdam (1934) 1996/1998), with introduction in Dutch; also available online at the repository’s website. Indices of personal names and of places of origin and destination on the registers of members of the reformed, Mennonite and Walloon congregations in Rotterdam (Index op de lidmatenregisters van de Hervormde en Doopsgezinde Gemeenten en de Waalse Hervormde Kerk te Rotterdam) are available in the repository’s reading room and include migrants from and to the Baltic region.

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Copies The registers of members are accessible on microche. Related materials • •

Registers of members of the Mennonite Congregation (reference code: 27, inv. nos. 81–84). Registers of members of the Walloon Reformed Church (reference code: 143, inv. nos. 119, 120, 129–131).

Walloon Reformed Church Rotterdam Record group Walloon Reformed Church Rotterdam Waalse Hervormde Kerk Rotterdam Reference code : 143 Period : 1650–1993 Extent : 887 items, 20.59 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the Walloon Reformed Church of Rotterdam. It includes the records of the church council and the church social welfare work, as well as some nancial records in an appendix and two additions from 1991 and 1995. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1653–1868 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, French

Relevant are the registers of baptisms, marriages and members, which include immigrants from the Baltic region. • • • •

110, 111: Baptismal registers, 1699–1733 (2 volumes). 112, 113: Copies of baptismal and marriage registers, 1653–1868 (2 volumes). 114: Register of intended marriages, 1770–1800 (1 volume). 115–118: Register of marriage proclamations, 1692–1782 (4 volumes).

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119: Register of communicants, 1692–1834 (1 volume). 120: General register of members and communicants, 1701–1834 (1 volume). 129–131: Attestation of persons who have become members of the church, 1654–1800 (3 volumes).

Accessibility “Het Archief van de Waalse Kerk”; also available online at the repository’s website. Indices of personal names and of places of origin and destination on the registers of members of the reformed, Mennonite and Walloon congregations in Rotterdam are available in the repository’s reading room and include immigrants from and to the Baltic Sea region. In the case of the Walloon Church, this often concerns refugees from France rst eeing to the Baltic Sea area before moving to the Netherlands. Copies The copies of registers of baptisms and marriages (inv. nos. 112, 113), the register of intended marriages (inv. no. 114), and the attestations from persons who have become members (inv. nos. 129–131) are available on microlm. Related materials • •

Registers of members of the Reformed Congregation (reference code: 23.01, inv. nos. 272–273). Mennonite Congregation (reference code: 27, inv. nos. 81–84).

national archives of the netherlands

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NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF THE NETHERLANDS Nationaal Archief The Hague www.nationaalarchief.nl

1902 Collection Record group 1902 Collection Collectie 1902 Reference code Period Extent

: 1.11.04 : 1218–1885 : 260 items, 2.36 metres

Abstract This collection came into existence after the move of the repository in 1902 and consists of miscellaneous material that could not be added to any other collection. Since 1902, some documents have been transferred to other collections while other, new materials have been added to this one. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1659–1794 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are some documents regarding trade and diplomatic relations with the Baltic Sea region: •

49: Documents, partly copied, collected by (probably) Nicolaas Witsen, burgomaster and councillor of the town of Amsterdam, 1482–1689 (1 volume). Including:

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* d: Resolution and report concerning a proposition by the Russian envoy to the Republic, 1688. * i: Missive of the Russian tsar to the States General (copy in Dutch), 1750. * k: Memorandum regarding the collection of freights of wood from harbours in the Swedish kingdom, second half seventeenth century. * m: Proposition by the town of Amsterdam concerning the convooien en licenten, 1685. * r: Documents regarding trade problems with Denmark and Norway, 1683–1684. * t: Resolution of the representatives of Amsterdam regarding the convooien, ca. 1684. * aa: Memorandum by Govert de Bruijn concerning the Denmark tolls, c. 1687. * bb: Letter from Jacob van der Meer to Nicolaas Witsen regarding these tolls, 1687. 88: Documents from W. van Irhoven van Dam regarding the convoying of ships of Amsterdam merchants and a riot in Amsterdam, 1748 (1 bundle). 170: Letters from envoys in Copenhagen, Helsingør and Cologne regarding the Nordic war, 1659 (4 pieces). 173: Memorandum by the collector-general to the States General regarding the interests owed by the king of Sweden, and others, which were no longer being paid, 1728 (1 piece). 207: Fragments of a diary (by envoy Hogguer?) written in Berlin and St. Petersburg, with appendix, copies, 1794 (2 pieces).

Accessibility C.H. van Marle, W.W. van Driel and D. Kortlang, “Collectie 1902 (1218– 1885)”, (1979, 2003).

Acquisitions First Department Record group Acquisitions First Department Aanwinsten Eerste Afdeling Reference code : 1.11.01.01 Period : 11th century–1933 Extent : 2154 items, 49.79 metres

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Abstract This collection consists of the acquisitions of the former rst department of the National Archives (keeping records up to 1795). These acquisitions were made from the year 1818 onward and include various documents regarding a wide range of subjects sorted according to their date of acquisition. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1552–1795 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are several items concerning diplomatic relations, trade and shipping between the Republic and the Baltic Sea region, and trade and shipping in general. •

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3: Copies of secret missives of the extraordinary ambassador to the court of the German Emperor, R. van Haeften, to registrar Fagel, 1792 (1 folder). 15: Letters to the extraordinary envoy of Sweden in Paris, and to the Swedish ambassadors in Paris, mainly written by Swedish envoys and secretaries in The Hague, including letters written by King Frederik I, 1711–1764, with gaps (1 bundle). 47: Copy translation of a letter from the king of Denmark to the States General regarding the capture of Dutch ships heading for Sweden by Danish war ships, 1718 (1 piece). 84: New ordinance and instruction of the States of Holland and WestFriesland regarding pilotage, 1728 (1 piece). 122: Letter by J. Osti to Dirk Schaep in Sweden, 1654 (1 piece). 158: Copy of a Latin speech by Ludovicus Camerarius read at The Hague regarding the deceased King of Sweden, Gustav Adolph, 1632 (1 piece). 252: Extracts from the correspondence of the Dutch envoy at Gdansk and extracts from the verbaal (report) of the Dutch envoy at Copenhagen, as well as copies of documents concerning the countries around the Baltic Sea, 1647–1651 (1 volume). 254: Travel journal of a member of a Dutch diplomatic mission to Dresden and Warsaw, 1744–1745 (1 folder). 269: Letter of recommendation of Prince Frederik Hendrik to the chancellor of the king of Denmark, for the Dutch diplomatic mission to the Danish court, 1644 (1 piece).

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274: Letters of Robert Goes, Dutch envoy in Denmark, to Van den Bergh and to the States of Holland, 1709, 1717 (3 pieces). 303: Report of the envoys on a diplomatic mission to Sweden and Russia, 1615–1616 (1 volume). 312: Documents regarding the embassy to Sweden and Denmark by the envoys Van Duvenvoorde, Hogerbeets and Bas, 1611 (1 volume). 419: Copies of various documents dealt with by the States General, including original letters from 1623 from envoys Boetselaer van Langerak in Paris, Foppe van Aysma in Hamburg and others (undated), 1608–1650 (2 bundles). 458: Resolutions of the States General concerning admiralty matters, mainly convooien en licenten (a lastage for the protection of trade) (copy), 1577–1586 (1 volume). 465: Report of the extraordinary envoys on a mission to Sweden, 1640 (1 volume). 516: Documents regarding admiralty matters, lawsuits dealt with by the Amsterdam, Meuse and Zeeland Admiralty Boards, the arrest of ships, convooien en licenten, etc., with extract resolutions of the States of Holland, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (28 pieces). 562: Extract resolutions and copies of letters by and to the States General, copies of instruction, originating from the records of the diplomatic missions, 1571–1709 (30 pieces). 595: Letter of H. Heineken, resident of the Hanseatic towns to Constantijn Huygens, 1672 (1 piece). 678: Drafts of letters and other documents of the extraordinary envoyship to Sweden, Poland and Gdansk, 1627–1628 (53 pieces). 727: Missive of the extraordinary envoy at Stockholm, Willem van Haren, to the registrar of the States General, and a missive of lieutenant-admiral De Ruyter to the States General, with a list of national vessels, 1672 (3 pieces). 732: Letter of Nicolaas Heinsius, resident at Stockholm, probably to a burgomaster of Amsterdam, 1665 (1 piece). 738: Patents of nobility of Maarten Tromp by King Louis XIII of France, 1640, and by King Charles I of England, 1642, and of Cornelis Tromp by King Christian V of Denmark, making him count of “Sylliesborg”, 1676 (3 charters). 867: Statement of toll dues levied on the Elbe River regarding both ships and goods (copy), undated (1 piece). 884: Verbaal of the diplomatic mission of Nanningh Kaiser, representative of the States General to the king of Denmark, Norway, etc., 1652–1653, copy (1 volume).

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903: Verbaal with appendices of the diplomatic mission of Pallandt, Berck, Pauw, Joachimi and Van Burmania to Denmark (copy), 1618 (1 volume). 905: List of convooien en licenten of various incoming and outgoing goods (copy), 1581 (1 volume). 965: Memorandum by the stadholder of the duchy of Prussia regarding the conscation of goods, belonging to a merchant from Kneiphoff, which were loaded on a vessel sailing from London to Hamburg, but were taken to Hoorn by privateers, 1667 (1 piece). 990: Journal kept by vice-admiral Witte de With on board various ships during the rst Anglo-Dutch war, the voyage to Norway to escort the merchant eet to the Republic, and the voyage to the Sound to secure the Baltic Sea and to assist Denmark, 1652–1658 (1 volume). 991: Copybook of outgoing missives of vice-admiral Witte de With, 1653–1658 (1 volume) (original kept in Stockholm). 1047: Passport issued by King Frederik IV of Denmark to the owners of the ship De Vrede to use it for trade, 1711 (1 piece). 1141: Missives to the States General by P. de Groot, ambassador in Sweden, 1668–1669 (1 folder). 1172: Missive of pensionary Heinsius to envoy Van Haren in Sweden, 1690 (1 piece). 1203: Letter of Duke Frederick of Schleswig-Holstein, Erbe zu Norwegen, to the envoys of the States General in Sweden and Norway, [1645] (1 piece). 1217: Notes by Dr. Gerard Schaep regarding treaties between the Netherlands on the one side, and France, England and Denmark on the other, and regarding the relations between the Republic and these countries, undated (3 volumes). 1217B: Letters by, among others, the resident of the States General in Stockholm to the States General, 1715, and by a representative of the States General at Hamburg to the Council of State, 1725, 1706–1793 (5 pieces). 1289: Verbalen of the diplomatic missions of Cornelis Haga to Sweden, 1610, and of Reinoud van Brederode, Dirk Bas and Albert Joachimi to Sweden and Russia, 1615–1616 (copies), 1610–1616 (1 volume). 1293: Letter from L. van Aitzema to the Council of State, 1660 (1 piece). 1334: Resolutions of the States General regarding Dutch trade matters at St. Petersburg, dealing with a request by a Dutch merchant in connection with two St. Petersburg merchants not paying for supplied linnens (copy), 1742 (1 piece).

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1456: Copy resolutions of the town council of Amsterdam regarding a diplomatic mission to Denmark, 1644–1645 (1 bundle). 1461: Copy of a report of the Paris envoy, in dorso a copy of a request to the States General to intervene at the Danish court concerning the payment of claims in Denmark (undated), copy from 1651 (1 piece). 1463: Copy of a letter of commissioner Pels from Gdansk regarding Polish matters, 1651 (1 piece). 1471: Copies of letters by the resident at Helsingør regarding DanishSwedish relations, 1661 (2 pieces). 1475: Copy of a report by envoy Heinsius at Stockholm, 1661 (1 piece). 1504: Correspondence of Hartsinck, envoy of the States General at the Lower Saxony Kreits and the Hanseatic towns, regarding his dismissal in conjunction with the revolution (copy), 1795 (4 pieces) (see also no. 2171). 1565: Recueil of documents regarding admiralty matters, 1594–1648, with some appendices, 1552–1557 (1 volume). 1657: Copy of a letter by H.W. Rumpf, resident of the States General in Stockholm, probably to registrar Fagel, 1719 (1 piece). 1829: Letter of pensionary Johan de Witt to his cousin Johan de Witt, ambassador to Poland and Denmark, 1670 (1 piece). 1875: Letters by Willem Ysbrantsz. Kieft at Amsterdam to Duke Karl of Sudermanland, regarding the relations between the Republic and Sweden, 1593–1594 (photos) (1 folder). 1953: Letter of Laurens Heemkerck on board the Hollandia to the Meuse Admiralty, in which he informs them that he has withdrawn money on the Danish island of Sjælland to buy refreshments for scurvy patients, 1666 (1 folder). 1992: Letters and other documents regarding the extraordinary ambassy of the States General to Denmark in 1644–1645, to mediate between Sweden and Denmark, and to obtain the abolishment or a reduction of the Sound toll, 1645 (1 folder). 2070: Letter of pensionary Van der Heim to Th.J. de Larrey, on a semiofcial mission to Denmark, eighteenth century (1 piece). 2088: Charters concerning Dutch matters from the Rigsarkivet in Copenhagen, 1565–1566, 1684 (photos) (1 folder). 2105: Copies of descriptions of fteenth to seventeenth-century Dutch documents kept at the Rigsarkivet in Copenhagen, twentieth century (1 folder). 2145: List of Sound toll dues to be paid by the Dutch merchant eet, 1644, seventeenth-century copy (1 piece).

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2149: Publications of the States General regarding whaling, 1653, and the treaty of commerce between Sweden and the Republic, 1676 (2 pieces). 2171: Documents of Jan Casper Hartsinck, Dutch envoy in Hamburg, regarding his recall in connection with the Batavian revolution, 1795 (3 pieces) (see also no. 1504).

Accessibility W.D. Post, E.A.T.M. Schreuder, R.S. Pauwels and W. Hartogs, “Inventaris van de collectie aanwinsten van de voormalige Eerste Afdeling van het Algemeen Rijksarchief, 11e eeuw–1933” (1993); also available at the repository’s website.

Admiralty Boards Record group Admiralty Boards Admiraliteitscolleges Reference code : 1.01.46 Period : 1586–1795 Extent : 3478 items, 132.67 metres (including 1.01.47.01) Abstract These archives consist of the papers of three of the ve admiralty boards of the Republic (situated in Zeeland, Rotterdam, Amsterdam, Hoorn/Enkhuizen and Friesland), namely those in Rotterdam, Amsterdam and Zeeland. The material contains books of resolutions, registers of appointments, and missive books from the States General, the Council of State and the States of Holland. The collection also includes correspondence with persons within and outside the Republic, law courts and ship’s captains, the admiralty boards’ legal and nancial administration, and a large number of ship’s logs. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1584–1795 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, English, French

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Relevant is a large part of the material, which provides information on all aspects of the protection of merchant shipping. Moreover, the muster-rolls and payledgers include evidence on people from abroad taking up service with the Dutch eet and the ship’s logs contain information concerning navigation to the Baltic Sea region. MEUSE ADMIRALTY BOARD Documents of a general nature •

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1–3: Placards, ordinances, instructions, publications, lists of tariffs, etc., of the States General and the Meuse Admiralty regarding maritime and admiralty matters, 1652–1770 (3 volumes). 4–85: Verbalen (reports) of the Haagsche Besognes, meetings of the representatives of all the Admiralty Boards at the Hague, including accompanying documents, 1648–1795 (90 volumes).

Resolutions, correspondence, requests and reports •

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97–185: Resolutions of the Meuse Admiralty Board, 1588–1793 (43 volumes and 44 folders); nos. 186, 187 are alphabetical indices, from c. 1627–1749 (1 volume and 1 folder). 188: Secret resolutions, c. 1728–1759 (1 folder). 189–191: Outgoing correspondence, 1623–1672 and 1734–1790 (3 folders). 189–618: Incoming and outgoing correspondence from and to the States General, Council of State, admirals-general, Admiralty Boards, States and Representative Council of Holland, and from various boards, towns and provinces, ambassadors, evoys and individuals abroad, admirals, captains and sea ofcers, and various individuals, 1601–1794 (419 folders and 12 bundles). 619–625: Incoming requests, 1609–1790 (1 folder, 5 bundles and 1 piece). 626–630: Requests of merchants to have the goods transported by them to Rotterdam weighed by a representative of the Admiralty for their declaration, including the reports concerning the established weights, 1770–1781 (5 volumes).

national archives of the netherlands

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Documents concerning legal matters •

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631: Register of decisions delivered in cases concerning convooien en licenten (a lastage for the protection of trade) by the representative council of the Admiralty in Holland, 1586–1587 (1 volume). 632, 633: Criminal roll, 1596–1789 (1 folder and 1 volume). 634–645: Civil roll, 1602–1739 (12 volumes). 646A–647: Documents regarding lawsuits, dealt with by the Meuse Admiralty in cases of violations concerning convooien en licenten, 1602–1684 and 1780–1781 (1 bundle and 1 folder).

Documents concerning receipts and expenses • • • • • • • •

665–687: Accounts of the collector-general concerning the lastage and subsidiepenningen, 1747–1784 (23 volumes). 691–693: Lists of the main goods exported under authority of the Board of the Meuse Admiralty, 1784–1793 (3 volumes). 694–696: Lists of the main goods imported under authority of the Board of the Meuse Admiralty, 1784–1793 (3 volumes). 697, 698: General registers of goods coming in from overseas past the Wadden and the Zeeland waters, 1792 (2 volumes). 699: General register of goods exported to Germany and Brabant, 1792 (1 volume). 700–703: General registers of goods imported from Germany and Brabant, 1789–1792 (4 volumes). 703a–711: Various accounts and lists regarding the convooien en licenten, 1625–1794 (10 volumes). 814–926: Pay ledgers of sailors and ofcers on the Meuse Admiralty’s vessels, 1763–1795 (110 volumes, 1 folder and 1 piece).

Ship’s logs •

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1109: Register including logs from the ship Provintie van Utregt sailing to the North Sea, Skagerrak and the Sound, 1700, from the Dordrecht sailing to the same in the same year, from the Den Briell sailing to the Skagerrak and Sound in 1700 and from the De Veluw sailing to the same in the same year (1 volume). 1125: Register including a log from the Zeelandt sailing to the Skagerrak and Sound in 1709 (1 volume). 1130: Register including logs from the Matenes, Starrenburg, Overijssel and Hellvoetsluis, all sailing to the Baltic Sea in 1718 (1 volume).

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1137: Register including four logs from the Oudt-Teijlinge sailing to the Baltic Sea in 1742 and 1743 and two from the Gorcum sailing to the Baltic Sea in 1743 (1 volume). 1196: Register including a log from the De Postillon sailing to the Sound and the Canal in 1787 (1 volume). 1235: Register including two logs from the Dordrecht, sailing to the Skagerrak, Algiers and the Mediterranean between 1786 and 1788 (1 volume). 1237: Log of the vessel Delft sailing to Helsingør and to the Mediterranean between 1787 and 1789 (1 volume) 1240: Two logs of the Castor sailing to the Skagerrak and Smyrna, 1787–1789 (1 volume). 1241, 1242: Two logs of the vessel Delft sailing to the Sound and the Mediterranean between 1787 and 1789 (2 volumes).

AMSTERDAM ADMIRALTY BOARD Documents of a general nature •

1276–1326: Extracts from the resolutions of the States General regarding maritime and admiralty matters, 1642–1783 (40 folders and 11 volumes).

Resolutions, correspondence and requests •

• • • •

1334–1507: Resolutions of the Amsterdam Admiralty, 1586–1795 (98 folders and 64 volumes); nos. 1508–1519 are indices, from 1586–1647 and 1778–1787 (5 volumes and 7 bundles) and nos. 1510–1512 are lists of contents, from 1780–1787 (3 bundles). 1523–1527: Secret resolutions and secret orders, 1705–1794 (3 folders, 1 volume and 1 piece). 1528–1623: Copies of outgoing letters, 1586–1794 (68 volumes, 27 folders and 1 piece). 1626–1733: Incoming letters, 1587–1794 (58 folders, 21 volumes and 29 bundles). 1733*–1737: Register of incoming requests and decisions with regard to them, 1681–1786 (10 volumes and 2 folders).

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1317

Documents regarding receipts and expenses •

•

• • • • • • •

1739a–b: Monthly lists of the Borcum are, tun and beacon dues, received by the collector of the raised last- en veilgeld, 1791–1795 (1 folder and 1 piece). 1739c: Lists by the collector of the convooien en licenten at Harderwijk of the received last- en veilgeld (a lastage and a de valorem-impost on imports and exports), 1762–1794, with gaps (1 folder). 1740–1763: Accounts of the receipt of the raised last- en veilgeld collected at Muiden, 1752–1791 (24 pieces). 1765: Declaration of the commissioner on Texel regarding the receipt of lastage, 1767 (1 piece). 1766: Lists and declarations by the commissioners on Vlieland regarding the receipt of last- en veilgelden, 1760–1791, with gaps (1 folder). 1795–1799: Lists of incoming goods at Amsterdam, 1753–1792 (5 volumes). 1945–1958: Muster-rolls of ships, 1760–1793 (19 volumes). 1959: Memorandum of sailors supplied to the merchant vessels sailing abroad, 1780 (1 volume). 1960–2262: Pay ledgers of sailors and ofcers on the Amsterdam Admiralty’s vessels, 1756–1795 (304 volumes).

Ship’s logs • • • • • • • •

2356–2357: Two logs of the vessel Middelburgh sailing to the Baltic Sea in 1742 (2 volumes). 2358: Log of the ship De Dolphijn sailing to the Baltic Sea, the Moroccan coast and the Mediterranean, 1742–1743 (1 volume). 2359: Log of the De Rave sailing to the Baltic Sea, 1742–1743 (1 volume). 2360: Log of the vessel De Windhond sailing to the Baltic Sea, 1742–1743 (1 volume). 2361: Log of the Westdijkershorn sailing to the Baltic Sea in 1742 (1 volume). 2362: Log of the ship Het Zeepaard, part of the convoy for the protection of the merchant eet to the Baltic Sea, 1743 (1 volume). 2363: Log by captain H. Lijnslager as commander of the convoy to the Baltic Sea, 1743 (1 volume). 2363: Log of the Valkenburg, sailing to the Baltic Sea and the Moroccan coast, 1743–1744 (1 volume).

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ZEELAND ADMIRALTY BOARD Documents of a general nature •

2423: Copies of ordinances and decisions by Leicester, Prince Maurits, the States General and the Council of State regarding maritime and admiralty matters, 1586–1588 (1 piece).

Resolutions, correspondence, reports and requests • • • •

2433–2446: Draft resolutions of the Zeeland admiralty, 1700–1740 (9 volumes and 5 folders). 2447–2569: Resolutions, 1584–1790 (51 folders, 69 volumes and 1 piece). 2570: Drafts of outgoing letters, 1648–1688 (1 folder). 2571: Copies of outgoing letters, 1779–1782 (1 folder).

Accessibility J. de Hullu, Inventaris van het archief van de Admiraliteitscolleges, 1586–1795 (The Hague, 1924), pp. 1–254, with an extensive introduction in Dutch; relevant section also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance The Dutch marine was divided over ve admiralty boards in the period of the Republic (based in Zeeland, Rotterdam, Amsterdam, Hoorn/Enkhuizen and Friesland). Together they took care of the building, upkeep and equipment of the eet and the recruitment of sailors. First and foremost, the eet had a defensive role in protecting merchant shipping. The activities of the admiralty were nanced through taxes levied by the admiralty itself (convooien en licenten) and through yearly contributions by the provinces. Related materials •

Admiralty Boards Continued (reference code: 1.01.47.01).

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1319

Admiralty Boards Continued Record group Admiralty Boards Continued Admiraliteitscolleges vervolg Reference code : 1.01.47.01 Period : 1586–1795 Extent : 3478 items, 132.67 metres (including 1.01.46) Abstract This collection consists of the continuation of the administration of the Admiralty Boards. It includes the remainder of the records of the Zeeland Board of Admiralty, which contains correspondence with various authorities and others, nancial matters, documents regarding ships and ship’s logs. It also includes the records of the West-Friesland and Noorderkwartier Admiralty and of the Friesland Admiralty. These contain regulations, instructions, resolutions, correspondence, requests, documents regarding nancial matters and the building, equipage and manning of ships, and ship’s logs. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1586–1795 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, English, French

As with the original collection of the Admiralty Boards, a large part of the material is relevant, because it provides information on all aspects of the protection of merchant shipping. Moreover, the muster-rolls and payledgers include evidence on people from abroad taking up service with the Dutch eet and the ship’s logs contain information with regard to the navigation to the Baltic region. ZEELAND ADMIRALTY BOARD (CONTINUED) Resolutions, correspondence, reports and requests (continued) •

2573–2656: Incoming letters from the States General, 1587–1794 (80 folders, 2 bundles and 2 volumes).

1320 • •

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2658–2665: Lettters received from the States of Zeeland and the representative councillors of Zeeland, 1597–1795 (8 folders). 2666–2838: Letters, memorandums, reports, requests, etc., received from various boards, authorities and others, 1586–1795 (167 folders, 7 bundles and 9 volumes).

Documents regarding nances •

•

2842: Draft acts in which the admiralty orders the relevant bookkeepers to return some arrested Danish ships and their cargo to the owners, following a resolution by the States General of 1694, 1694 (1 folder). 2843–2955: Pay ledgers of ofcers and sailors of the vessels of the Zeeland Admiralty, 1769–1795 (114 volumes); nos. 2956–2980 are supplements to these, from 1776–1795 (23 folders and 2 pieces).

WEST-FRIESLAND AND NOORDERKWARTIER ADMIRALTY BOARD Resolutions, correspondence and requests • • •

2989–3003: Resolutions of the Noorderkwartier Admiralty, 1600–1794 (13 folders and 1 quire). 3004–3009: Outgoing correspondence, 1700–1768 (6 folders). 3010–3052: Incoming correspondence, reports and other documents, 1633–1795 (43 folders).

Documents regarding receipts and expenses • • •

3059: Documents regarding the levying and receipt of the convooien en licenten, 1618–c. 1775 (1 bundle). 3060: Lists of the receipt of the convooien en licenten, 1789–1795 (1 bundle). 3085–3221: Pay ledgers of ofcers and sailors of the vessels of the Noorderkwartier Admiralty, 1694–1795 (137 volumes); nos. 3222–3251 are supplements to these, from 1695–1795 (5 pieces and 25 folders).

Ship’s logs •

3266: Log of the ship Beekvliet, sailing to the Baltic Sea, 1743 (1 volume).

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1321

FRIESLAND ADMIRALTY BOARD Documents of a general nature •

3278–3297: Copies of verbalen (reports) of the Haagsche Besognes, general meetings of the Admiralty Boards at The Hague, including appendices, 1775–1793 (20 volumes).

Resolutions and correspondence • • •

3298–3319: Resolutions, 1601–1794 (9 volumes and 13 folders). 3320: Outgoing correspondence, 1794–1795 (1 folder). 3321–3322: Incoming correspondence, 1769–1794 and seventeenth to eighteenth centuries (2 folders).

Documents of a nancial nature •

3323–3344: Pay ledgers of ofcers and sailors of the vessels of the Friesland Admiralty, 1740–1792 (22 volumes).

RECORDS OF WHICH IS UNCLEAR TO WHICH ADMIRALTY ARCHIVES THEY BELONG • • • • •

•

3385: Verbaal of the Haagsche Besogne of 1748 (1 piece). 3386: Copy of a verbaal of the Besognes of the three Holland Admiralty Boards, 1790 (1 volume). 3386a: Notes regarding the subjects dealt with in the Haagsche Besognes, 1782–1794 (1 folder). 3392–3394: Letters, requests and other documents, received by an unknown Admiralty Board, 1598–1795 (1 bundle and 2 folders). 3395–3397: Copies of letters concerning maritime and trade matters to the States General and their registrar by, among others, the envoy Coijmans at Copenhagen, 1744, and the commissioner Van Deurs at Helsingør, 1752 (3 folders). 3398: Copies of letters to the States General from various boards, sea ofcers, envoys, etc., regarding admiralty matters, 1744 (1 bundle).

Accessibility J. de Hullu, Inventaris van het archief van de Admiraliteitscolleges, 1586–1795 (The Hague, 1924), pp. 255–296.

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Record creator / provenance The Dutch marine was divided over ve admiralty boards in the period of the Republic (based in Zeeland, Rotterdam, Amsterdam, Hoorn/Enkhuizen and Friesland). Together they took care of the building, upkeep and equipment of the eet and the recruitment of sailors. First and foremost, the eet had a defensive rol in protecting merchant shipping. The activities of the admiralty were nanced through taxes levied by the admiralty itself (convooien en licenten) and through yearly contributions by the provinces. Related materials •

Admiralty Boards (reference code: 1.01.46).

Admiralty Boards XI, Evertsen Collection Record group Admiralty Boards XI, Evertsen Collection Admiraliteitscolleges XI, verzameling Evertsen Reference code : 1.01.47.07 Period : 1645–1720 Extent : 50 items, 0.28 metres Abstract This record group consists of the collection concerning the admiralty of the Evertsen family. The material was collected by Johan Evertsen, Cornelis Evertsen the elder, Cornelis Evertsen Johanszoon, Cornelis Evertsen Corneliszoon and Geleyn Evertsen, and consists of instructions, correspondence, orders, letters of appointment, documents of a nancial nature, resolutions, ship’s logs, etc. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1659–1700 : Denmark, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are a few items concerning the convoying of the merchant eet to the Baltic Sea.

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1323

JOHAN EVERTSEN •

•

1: Instruction by admiral De Ruyter for the vice-admiral Johan Evertsen and other officers and captains of the fleet to the Sound, 1659 (1 piece). 2: Monture en verdeelinge der esquadrons van d’oorloghscheepen sorterende onder ’s Lands vloote gaende naer Denemarcken, the distribution of the warships of the national eet sailing to Denmark, 1659 (1 piece).

GELEYN EVERTSEN •

•

32, 33: Extracts from the log, kept by vice admiral Geleyn Evertsen on De Eerste Edele, sailing to the Sound and Copenhagen, 1700 (2 volumes). 34: List of costs for the equipage of 30 war ships to the Baltic Sea during seven months, and of the division of these costs among the admiralty boards, c. 1700 (1 piece).

Accessibility J. de Hullu, Inventaris van het archief van de Admiraliteitscolleges, 1586–1795 (The Hague, 1924), pp. 304–309. Record creator / provenance The collection was created by Fleet Admirals Johan and Cornelis Evertsen, and younger members of the Evertsen family.

Admiralty Boards XIV, Hoeufft Collection Record group Admiralty Boards XIV, Hoeufft Collection Admiraliteitscolleges XIV verzameling Hoeufft Reference code : 1.01.47.10 Period : 1758–1795 Extent : 50 items, 0.34 metres Abstract This collection consists of the material collected by Jan Diederik Hoeufft as secretary of the Amsterdam Admiralty and as secretary of the national

1324

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eet. Regarding the rst ofce, it includes documents of a general nature and records concerning lawsuits dealt with by the court martial, ofcers and sailors, the medical corps, military operations at sea and relations with foreign powers. As for the second ofce, it contains memorandums, lists of ships and correspondence. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1747–1794 : Denmark, Germany, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are two items. Item 32 consists of documents regarding the salvage of merchant vessels wrecked near Texel (from 1747–1766, 1 folder), which may include ships sailing to and from the Baltic Sea. Item 42 contains printed letters to the States General of the envoys at St. Petersburg, Stockholm, Hamburg, London, Berlin and Copenhagen (from 1794, 1 folder). Accessibility J. de Hullu, Inventaris van het archief van de Admiraliteitscolleges, 1586–1795 (The Hague, 1924), pp. 312–318. Record creator / provenance Jan Diederik Hoeufft was a clerk at the clerk’s ofce of the Amsterdam Admiralty and secretary of the national eet from 1793.

Admiralty Boards XL, Documents Regarding Maritime and Admiralty Matters from the De Jonge Collection Record group Admiralty Boards XL, Documents Regarding Maritime and Admiralty Matters from the De Jonge Collection Admiraliteitscollege XL, stukken betreffende zee- en admiraliteitszaken aanwezig in de verzameling De Jonge Reference code : 1.01.47.30 Period : 1586–1849 Extent : 39 items, 0.86 metres

national archives of the netherlands

1325

Abstract This collection consists of the papers regarding maritime and admiralty matters collected by J.C. de Jonge. It contains documents concerning maritime matters in general, such as admiralties, legal matters, admirals, ofcers and sailors, marine power, privateering and waterways. Also included are records concerning the Meuse, Amsterdam and Zeeland admiralties. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1665–1779 : Denmark, the Netherlands : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are just three items, which consist of extracts and notes from the resolutions of the States of Holland regarding maritime matters (inv. nos. 4, 5, from 1665–1779, 2 bundles) and a register of outgoing letters of Cornelis Tromp in his capacity as admiral-general of Denmark (inv. no. 8, from 1676, 1 volume). Accessibility J. de Hullu, Inventaris van het archief van de Admiraliteitscolleges, 1586–1795 (The Hague, 1924), pp. 483–489. Record creator / provenance J.C. de Jonge (1793–1853) was a lawyer and collector.

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Admiralty Boards XLVIII, Documents of which it is Unclear from which Archives or Collection they have been Removed to be Added to the so-called Admiralty Archives Record group Admiralty Boards XLVIII, Documents of which it is Unclear from which Archives or Collection they have been Removed to be Added to the so-called Admiralty Archives Admiraliteitscolleges XLVIII, stukken waarvan niet gebleken is uit welke archieven of verzamelingen zij indertijd zijn gelicht om bij het zogenaamde ‘Admiraliteitsarchief’ te worden gevoegd Reference code : 1.01.47.37 Period : 1590–1792 Extent : 51 items, 1.07 metres Abstract This collection consists of remnants of the Admiralty archives, of which the origin and destination can no longer be established. It includes documents regarding maritime matters in general, the Meuse, Amsterdam, and Friesland Admiralties, and trade, shipping and shing. These concern the admiralties, legal matters, convooien en licenten (a lastage for the protection of trade), naval power, the equipage, manning and provisioning of ships, and conducts of war at sea. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1595–1785 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are some resolutions regarding the convooien en licenten, some placards and regulations of the Meuse Admiralty and an ordinance regarding the insurance of Baltic Sea trade. MARITIME MATTERS IN GENERAL •

7: Extract resolutions of the States General regarding the administration of the convooien en licenten, 1596–1597 (1 piece).

national archives of the netherlands

1327

MEUSE ADMIRALTY •

26–29: Recueil of placards, publications, regulations, etc., of the Meuse Admiralty, 1747–1785 (4 volumes).

TRADE, SHIPPING AND FISHING •

35: Copy of an ordinance to insure the ships sailing to the Baltic Sea and Norway and back, with extract resolution of the States General concerning the same, 1622 (1 folder).

Accessibility J. de Hullu, Inventaris van het archief van de Admiraliteitscolleges, 1586–1795 (The Hague, 1924), pp. 499–504.

Admiralty Boards XXA, Pieter Paulus and Gerrit van Olivier Collection Record group Admiralty Boards XXA, Pieter Paulus and Gerrit van Olivier Collection Admiraliteitscolleges XXA, verzameling Pieter Paulus en Gerrit van Olivier Reference code : 1.01.47.13 Period : 1656–1806 Extent : 46 items, 0.54 metres Abstract This collection consists of the material regarding the admiralty collected by Pieter Paulus and Gerrit van Olivier. It consists of documents of a general nature and documents concerning members and ofcials of the admiralty, the convooien en licenten (a lastage for the protection of trade), convoying and the protection of trade, trade and shing, navigation, colonies and relations with foreign powers. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1711–1805 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

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Relevant are a few items concerning the convooien en licenten, the protection of trade and navigation. CONVOOIEN EN LICENTEN • •

•

•

9: Extract resolutions of the representative councillors of the Meuse Admiralty regarding the convooien en licenten, 1711–1787 (1 bundle). 10: Extract resolutions of and requests to the States of Holland and West-Friesland regarding the import of malt and barley, 1724–1781 (1 folder). 30: Documents regarding a change in the 1725 placcard, concerning a reduction of the convooien en licenten at the request of merchants, 1796–1805 (1 bundle). 33: Documents regarding the tolls on goods transported from and to foreign countries via the Batavian Republic, 1797–1801 (1 folder).

CONVOYS AND PROTECTION OF SHIPS •

40: Requests of merchants of Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Dordrecht and Schiedam to the States General regarding the protection of their ships, 1785–1786 (2 quires).

NAVIGATION •

42: Documents regarding the improvement of navigation, 1785–1786 (1 folder).

Accessibility W.W. van Driel, “Inventaris van het supplement admiraliteitsarchief XXa verzameling Pieter Paulus en Gerrit van Olivier” (1978). Record creator / provenance Pieter Paulus (1753/1754–1796) was a Dutch jurist and politician. He was appointed judge advocate at the Meuse Admiralty in 1785, but was discharged because of patriotic sympathies in 1788. In 1796 he became the president of the national assembly of the Batavian Republic. He died in the same year from pneumonia. Gerrit van Olivier (1759–1827) married Paulus’ widow and probably added to his collection. He was a scientist with an interest in maritime matters.

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1329

From 1795 to 1798 he was a member of the committee for maritime matters and after that of the maritime council of the Batavian Republic. In 1813 he withdrew from politics and again directed his attention to science. Both Paulus and Olivier published widely, on politics and science respectively.

Admiralty Boards XXVIII, Van den Velden Collection Record group Admiralty Boards XXVIII, Van den Velden Collection Admiraliteitscolleges XXVIII, verzameling Van den Velden Reference code : 1.01.47.17 Period : 1692–1793 Extent : 92 items, 2.50 metres Abstract This collection consists of the documents collected by Jacob Andries van den Velden, his son Jan van den Velden, some counts of Bylandt and others. It mainly consists of ship’s logs. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1739–1742 : Poland, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant is a register of logs that includes three accounts of voyages to Gdansk, to be found in the section of documents of Lodewijk, count of Bylandt. No. 43 comprises a register including logs of the vessels De Beschermer and Brederode sailing to Curaçao and Gdansk in 1739–1740 and 1740–1742, and of the Middelburg, sailing to Gdansk in 1742, the last of which was written by the count, dating from 1736–1744 (1 volume). Accessibility J. de Hullu, Inventaris van het archief van de Admiraliteitscolleges, 1586–1795 (The Hague, 1924), pp. 338–352.

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Record creator / provenance Lodewijk, count of Bylandt, had a long career in the marine, and was promoted from midshipman in 1736, via lieutenant, commodore, extraordinary captain, naval captain, rear admiral, to vice admiral in 1782.

Admiralty Boards XXXI, Documents Regarding Maritime and Admiralty Matters from the Bisdom Collection Record group Admiralty Boards XXXI, Documents Regarding Maritime and Admiralty Matters from the Bisdom Collection Admiraliteitscolleges XXXI stukken betreffende zee- en admiraliteitszaken aanwezig in de verzameling Bisdom Reference code : 1.01.47.21 Period : 1525–1793 Extent : 303 items, 21.75 metres Abstract This collection comprises the papers regarding admiralty and maritime matters collected by Dirck Rudolf Wijckerheld Bisdom (1740–1814), his father Jacob Bisdom (1696–1762) and his brother-in-law Gerard Daniel Denick (1724–1780). Firstly, the material consists of documents regarding maritime affairs in general, such as the admiral general, legal matters, nances, convooien en licenten (a lastage for the protection of trade), the building, equipage and manning of ships, pilotage and privateering. Secondly, the material includes documents concerning the Meuse Admiralty and those in Amsterdam, Zeeland, West-Friesland and the Noorderkwartier, and Friesland. Finally, some of the documents concern trade, shing and industry, the colonies and relations with foreign powers. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1576–1791 : Denmark, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

national archives of the netherlands

1331

Relevant are the collections of resolutions from various authorities regarding maritime matters, the protection of trade and maritime dues. Also important are some items concerning the spread of contagious diseases through shipping, the redress of Dutch commerce in the mid-eighteenth century, and trade to the Baltic Sea. MARITIME MATTERS IN GENERAL Documents of a general nature • •

•

• •

•

•

1: Recueil of instructions, regulations, resolutions, placards, etc., regarding maritime matters, c. 1597–c. 1784 (1 volume). 2: Ordinances, regulations, placards, publications, etc., of the States General, admiral general, Meuse Admiralty, etc., regarding admiralty matters, including list of contents, 1631–1762 (1 volume). 3: Extract resolutions of the Meuse Admiralty, and placards, publications, regulations, etc., regarding the Meuse Admiralty and national maritime matters, c. 1629–1771 (1 volume). 4: Notes from the resolutions of the States General and the States of Holland regarding admiralty matters, 1578–1599 (1 volume). 10–12: Recueil of extract resolutions of the States General, the Meuse Admiralty, etc., and notes and other documents concerning various maritime and admiralty matters, such as the protection of trade and shing, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (3 volumes); no. 13 is an index (1 volume). 18–33: Extract resolutions of the States General, States of Holland, and Meuse and Amsterdam Admiralties, regarding admiralty matters, 1576–1787 (16 volumes); no. 34 is an index (1 volume). 35–68: Extracts from the resolutions of the States General regarding admiralty and maritime matters, 1577–1641 (34 volumes).

Admiral general, admiralities •

71–78: Extract resolutions and notes from the resolutions, including resolutions regarding the convooien en licenten (a lastage for the protection of trade) and other maritime dues, 1585–1766 (8 volumes).

Convooien en licenten and other dues •

90–96: Extract resolutions of the States General, States of Holland and Meuse Admiralty, and placards, ordinances, etc., regarding the maritime

1332

•

•

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dues (middelen te water), 1584–1753 (7 volumes); no. 97 is an index (1 volume). 99: Extract resolutions of the States General, States of Holland and Meuse Admiralty, and copies of outgoing letters, etc., regarding, among other things, relations with foreign authorities, passports and licenten, including list of contents and an index, 1590–1746 (1 volume). 101: Extract resolutions of the States General, States of Holland and Meuse Admiralty, and publications, instructions, lists, etc., regarding the levying and receipt of the last- en veilgeld (a lastage and a de valorem impost on imports and exports), etc., 1606–1791 (1 bundle).

Pilotage, medical corps and quarantine •

120–122: Extract resolutions of the States General, States of Holland, Representative Council of Holland and Meuse Admiralty, and placards, regulations etc., regarding precautions against the spread of contagious diseases and quarantine, 1602–1769 (3 volumes).

Privateering, prizes and loots •

123: Extract resolutions of the States General, States of Holland and Meuse Admiralty, and placards, regulations, instructions, etc., regarding, among other things, the management of arrested and wrecked enemy vessels, and neutral shipping, 1590–1784 (1 bundle).

MEUSE ADMIRALTY Documents of a general nature •

125–136: Resolutions, extracts of the resolutions and indices on the resolutions of the Meuse Admiralty, 1744–1780 (34 volumes).

AMSTERDAM, ZEELAND, WEST-FRIESLAND AND NOORDERKWARTIER, AND FRIESLAND ADMIRALTIES •

212: Extract resolutions of the States General and the States of Groningen and other documents regarding the nancial state of the Friesland Admiralty, matters of convooien en licenten, the institution of new tun, are and beacon dues on the Ems, and the building of a re beacon at Borkum, 1662–1784 (1 bundle).

national archives of the netherlands

1333

TRADE, FISHING AND INDUSTRY •

•

•

•

•

215–219: Extract resolutions of the States General and the States of Holland, and placards, memorandums, etc., regarding the proposition of Prince Willem IV to redress trade, 1644–1755 (5 volumes). 220: Extract resolutions of the States General and the States of Holland regarding, among other subjects, trade on Riga, 1744–1776 (1 bundle). 221: Notes, memorandums, reports, etc., regarding the ban on merchant shipping and shing, protection of trade against enemies, export of certain goods, etc., 1781–1783 (1 bundle). 225: Recueil of documents concerning commerce in Denmark, Sweden, Portugal, Russia and the Austrian Netherlands, as well as the Levant, including list of contents, 1743–1761 (1 volume). 227, 228: Extract resolutions of the States General, States of Holland and Meuse Admiralty, placards, reports, notes, etc., regarding requests of merchants to forbid the import of particular merchandise, raise import dues and reduce export dues, and other protectionist measures, 1589–1784 (2 bundles).

RELATIONS WITH FOREIGN AUTHORITIES •

•

•

239: Extract resolutions of the States General, States of Holland and Meuse Admiralty, and regulations, notes, etc., regarding, among other subjects, the support of envoys abroad to Dutch sailors and the 1772 edict issued in Prussia regarding the salt trade, second half eighteenth century (1 bundle). 240–245: Treaties, memorandums, notes, etc., regarding the relations of the Republic with foreign authorities, with particular regard to trade and shipping, 1594–1755 (6 volumes). 264: Extract resolutions of the States General and the States of Holland, memorandums, etc., regarding the tolls and re beacons in the Sound, disputes with Denmark regarding the levying of the convooien en licenten, trade with Sweden, the hindering of trade to Gdansk because of Prussian measures, trade in herring on Hamburg, and other trade and admiralty matters, 1735–1783 (1 bundle).

Accessibility J. de Hullu, Inventaris van het archief van de Admiraliteitscolleges, 1586–1795 (The Hague, 1924), pp. 367–400.

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Record creator / provenance This collection was created by Dirck Rudolf Wijckerheld Bisdom (1740– 1814), his father Jacob Bisdom (1696–1762) and his brother-in-law Gerard Daniel Denick (1724–1780), all three of them judges advocate of the Meuse Admiralty. Related materials •

Bisdom Collection (reference code: 1.10.06).

Admiralty Boards XXXII, Documents Regarding Maritime and Admiralty Matters from the Records of Pieter van Bleiswijk Record group Admiralty Boards XXXII, Documents Regarding Maritime and Admiralty Matters from the Records of Pieter van Bleiswijk Admiraliteitscolleges XXXII, stukken betreffende zee- en admiraliteitszaken aanwezig in het archief van Pieter van Bleiswijk Reference code : 1.01.47.22 Period : 1690–1787 Extent : 35 items, 0.37 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers regarding maritime and admiralty matters transferred from the collection of Pensionary Pieter van Bleiswijk. It includes material concerning admiralty matters, such as nancial matters, the building of ships, memorandums regarding various matters, convoying, equipage and relations with foreign powers. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1771–1783 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are two items regarding convoying in general and to the Baltic Sea in particular.

national archives of the netherlands •

•

1335

10: Lists of war ships, the defects of these, and plans for the division of the war ships among the various convoy routes, 1771–1781, (1783) (1 bundle). 31: Missive of Pieter van Bleiswijk to the pensionaries of Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Dordrecht, regarding the sending of a convoy to the Baltic, draft, 1781, with appendices, 1781 (3 pieces).

Accessibility W.E. Meiboom, “Inventaris van de archieven van de Admiraliteitscollecties XXXII stukken betreffende zee- en admiraliteitszaken aanwezig in het archief van Bleiswijk”. Record creator / provenance Pieter van Bleiswijk (1724–1790) studied law in Leiden before setting up as a lawyer in Delft. In 1572 he was appointed second pensionary of this town, and four years later he became rst pensionary. In 1772, he succeeded Pieter Steyn as pensionary of Holland and West-Friesland. Because of a conict between the States of Holland and Stadtholder Willem V, he was not reappointed in 1787. In his stead, Laurens van de Spiegel became pensionary. Van Bleiswijk died in 1790. Related materials •

Pieter van Bleiswijk, 1772–1787 (reference code: 3.01.25).

Admiralty Boards XXXIX, Documents Regarding Maritime and Admiralty Matters from the Van der Hoop Collection Record group Admiralty Boards XXXIX, Documents Regarding Maritime and Admiralty Matters from the Van der Hoop Collection Admiraliteitscolleges XXXIX, stukken betreffende zee- en admiraliteitszaken aanwezig in de verzameling Van der Hoop Reference code : 1.01.47.29 Period : 1524–1825 Extent : 319 items, 2.8 metres

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Abstract This collection consists of the records regarding maritime and admiralty matters collected by J.C. van der Hoop as judge advocate of the Amsterdam Admiralty, during his period without ofce and as commissioner general, later secretary of state of the marine and Minister of Marine Affairs. The material includes documents concerning maritime matters in general, the Amsterdam Admiralty and other admiralty boards, trade and shing, and the colonies. Regarding his latter ofce, the material also concerns the organisation of the Ministery and departments of marine in Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Vlissingen, ofcers and sailors, the building, equipage and manning of ships, pilotage, and harbours and locks. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1575–1795 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the resolutions of the States of Holland concerning maritime and admiralty matters, the navigability of the Dutch sea gates and pilotage, and the correspondence of Van der Hoop as judge advocate, which includes information on maritime matters. All these are to be found in the section of “Judge advocate of the Amsterdam Admiralty”. MARITIME MATTERS IN GENERAL Admiralties •

1–3: Notes from the resolutions of the States of Holland regarding, among other subjects, the admiralties, maritime dues, last- en veilgeld (a lastage and a de valorem impost on imports and exports) and wrecking, 1575–1716 (3 volumes).

Pilotage, waterways, wrecking •

35: Documents regarding the depths of the Texel and other sea gates, the sailing of various ships from there and the pilot service there, 1763–1792 (1 folder).

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AMSTERDAM ADMIRALTY • •

54–56: Outgoing letters of J.C. van der Hoop as judge advocate of the Amsterdam Admiralty, 1781–1794 (3 volumes). 57–102: Incoming letters of Van der Hoop, sorted by sender, 1778–1795 (40 folders, 1 bundle and 4 pieces).

Accessibility J. de Hullu, Inventaris van het archief van de Admiraliteitscolleges, 1586–1795 (The Hague, 1924), pp. 452–482. Record creator / provenance J.C. van der Hoop was judge advocate of the Amsterdam Admiralty until he lost this ofce after the Batavian revolution in 1795. In 1810 he became commissioner general and later secretary of state of maritime affairs, and nally Minister of Marine Affairs.

Admiralty Boards XXXVIII, Documents Regarding Maritime and Admiralty Matters from the Van der Heim Collection Record group Admiralty Boards XXXVIII, Documents Regarding Maritime and Admiralty Matters from the Van der Heim Collection Admiraliteitscolleges XXXVIII, stukken betreffende zee- en admiraliteitszaken aanwezig in de verzameling Van der Heim Reference code : 1.01.47.27 Period : 1591–1786 Extent : 516 items, 28.05 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers concerning maritime and admiralty matters collected by Jacob van der Heim and his son Paulus. It contains documents concerning maritime matters in general, such as the admiral general, legal matters, nances, convooien en licenten (a lastage for the protection of trade), ofcers and sailors, shipbuilding and equipage, convoying and

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protection of merchant vessels, privateering, and the upkeep of sea gates and harbours. Also included are records regarding the Meuse Admiralty and the Amsterdam, Zeeland, West-Friesland and Noorderkwartier, and Friesland Admiralties, and trade, shipping, shing, industry and relations with foreign powers. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1570–1794 : Denmark, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the resolutions and ordinances concerning maritime and admiralty matters of the States General and other authorities, and documents regarding maritime dues, the protection of the merchant eet and trade with the Baltic Sea region. MARITIME MATTERS IN GENERAL Documents of a general nature •

•

2–10: Placards, instructions, ordinances, etc., of the States General and the Meuse Admiralty regarding admiralty and maritime matters, 1591–1760 (9 volumes). 11: Extracts from the resolutions of the Amsterdam Admiralty regarding various admiralty matters, including alphabetical index, 1589–1746 (1 volume).

Legal matters •

33: Extract resolutions of the States General concerning the administration of justice in cases of the wrecking of forbidden goods from foreign ships cast ashore, and the law of wreck with regard to these ships, 1608–1654 (1 folder).

Convooien en licenten and other dues •

44: Extract resolutions of the States General, States of Guelders and States of Holland, memorandums, etc., regarding the levying of the convooien en licenten, 1725–1751 (1 bundle).

national archives of the netherlands • •

•

•

•

•

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46: Lists of the receipts of the various admiralties regarding the convooien en licenten and other maritime dues, 1687–1729 (1 folder). 50: Extract resolutions of the States General and the States of Holland, and of other provinces, and other documents regarding import duties and import bans on foreign goods, 1570–1793 (1 folder). 52: Extract resolutions of the States General, States of Holland and Meuse Admiralty, and notes, etc., regarding the import and export dues on skins and leather, 1747–1776 (1 folder). 53: Extract resolutions of the States General, States of Holland and Meuse Admiralty, and notes regarding the import and export dues on leather, ax and other goods, 1750–1785 (1 bundle). 58: Extract resolutions of the States General and the States of Holland, memorandums, etc., regarding, mainly, the granting of freedom from import and export dues in general, 1754–1794 (1 bundle). 60: Extract resolutions of the States General, States of Holland, States of Friesland and the Amsterdam government, and placards, lists, etc., regarding the raised last- en veilgeld (a lastage and de valorem impost on imports and exports), 1702–1794 (1 folder).

Quarantine •

97: Extract resolutions of the States General, States of Holland and Zeeland, Haagsche Besognes (meetings of the combined Boards of Admiralty) and Meuse Admiralty, and placards, notes, etc., regarding the precautions against the spread of contagious diseases from abroad and the maintaining of a quarantine, 1709–1793 (1 bundle).

Waterways, sea gates and harbours •

160: Documents regarding the navigability of the sea gates of the Meuse and the laying out of tuns there, 1782 (1 folder).

MEUSE ADMIRALTY Documents of a general nature • •

167–247: Draft resolutions of the Meuse Admiralty, 1747–1795 (39 volumes and 32 bundles). 248: Draft secret resolutions of the Meuse Admiralty, 1746–1795, with gaps (1 bundle).

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Convooien en licenten and other dues •

378–385: Extract resolutions of the States General and the the Meuse Admiralty, and placards, etc., regarding the convooien en licenten, 1648–1792 (8 volumes).

Ships, shipyards, harbours, etc. •

438: Copy of a letter by the rst lieutenant of the vessel Prins Willem of the Meuse Admiralty, to the envoy of the Republic at Stockholm regarding the state of the guns, the provisions and sick people aboard the ship, 1781 (1 piece).

TRADE, SHIPPING, FISHING AND INDUSTRY National •

•

•

• •

456: Notes of Paulus van der Heim from the resolutions of the States General and the Haagsche Besognes, placards, etc., regarding import and export bans, the protection of trade, piracy, etc., 1747–1782 (1 folder). 458: Report by Jacob van der Heim concerning the appointments and duties of consuls and commissioners residing abroad, their reports and requests to the States General, complaints against them, etc., 1781–1794 (1 folder). 460: Copy of a memorandum by the Directors of Baltic trade at Amsterdam to the burgomasters of this town regarding the adverse consequences of the treaty of partition of Poland for Dutch trade to Gdansk, with a memorandum by the Gdansk government regarding the same, 1772 (1 folder). 461: Printed treaty between the Republic and Denmark regarding the Sound tolls, 1701 (1 piece). 470: Extract resolutions of the States General, States of Groningen and Amsterdam government, and notes, etc., regarding the are and beacon dues, 1772–1790 (1 folder).

Rotterdam and the Meuse region •

477: List of the quantities, etc., of the various goods imported in Rotterdam, 1762–1764 (1 volume).

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RELATIONS WITH FOREIGN AUTHORITIES •

500: Extract resolutions of the States General and the States of Holland and other documents regarding the armed neutrality and the conclusion of a treaty of commerce with Russia, with retroacts, 1735–1786 (1 bundle).

Accessibility J. de Hullu, Inventaris van het archief van de Admiraliteitscolleges, 1586–1795 (The Hague, 1924), pp. 403–451. Record creator / provenance Jacob van der Heim was rst secretary of the Meuse Admiralty from 1746 to 1795. His son Paulus van der Heim joined him as second secretary in 1772.

Aitzema Collection Record group Aitzema Collection Collectie Aitzema Reference code : 1.10.02 Period : 1584–1669 Extent : 103 items, 5.58 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of Leo van Aitzema, who was a resident of the Hanseatic towns in the Republic. The materials include his diaries, correspondence (ofcial and private), copies of resolutions of the States General and verbalen (reports) of diplomatic missions to England. Also included are a few documents from Van Aitzema’s uncle Foppe, who was a resident of the Republic in Hamburg.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1586–1669 : Germany, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, French, Latin, Spanish

The bulk of this collection is relevant as it contains a lot of information regarding Van Aitzema’s position as resident of the Hanseatic towns, and diplomatic relations of the Republic with these towns and other authorities. ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS FROM LEO VAN AITZEMA • • •

•

•

•

•

•

•

1–8: Diaries, 1630–1660, with a gap from 1643 to 1652 (8 volumes). 9–13: Missive books, containing events of the day for the use of writing his correspondence, 1635–1668, with gaps (5 volumes). 14–31: Letters received by Aitzema in his capacity as resident of the Hanseatic towns, including many letters from the clerk of the town of Gdansk, Johannes Chemnitz, 1627–1669 (3 volumes, 13 folders and 3 bundles). 32: Letters and other documents received by Aitzema from Bremen and Hamburg in his capacity as resident of the Hanseatic towns, 1626–1635 (1 volume). 34: Letters and other documents received by Aitzema from Hamburg in his capacity as resident of the Hanseatic towns in connection with the capture on the Elbe of the ship St. George by the Dutch, 1653 (1 folder). 35: Letters and other documents received by Aitzema from Bremen in his capacity as resident of the Hanseatic towns in conjunction with disputes between this town and Sweden, 1654 (1 bundle). 36: Letters and other documents received by Aitzema from Hamburg in his capacity as resident of the Hanseatic towns regarding the ship Den Groenen Jager, 1656 (1 folder). 37: Letters and other documents received by Aitzema from Bremen in his capacity as resident of the Hanseatic towns with reference to the claims of a burgher of Middelburg on the town of Bremen, 1661 (1 folder). 47–51: Personal letters and other documents received by Aitzema, including letters from his uncle Foppe, who was a resident of the Republic at the Hanseatic towns, 1625–1669 (1 bundle).

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COPIES OF DOCUMENTS MADE FOR AND BY LEO VAN AITZEMA • •

• •

55–58: Adversaria of various internal and foreign affairs, 1586–1650 (4 volumes). 77: Incoming and outgoing documents from envoys of the Republic in Sweden, 1653–1655 (see States General, reference code 1.01.05, inv. no. 8479). 78: Verbaal of a diplomatic mission to Sweden, 1640 (see States General, reference code 1.01.05, inv. no. 8390). 79: Verbaal of a diplomatic mission to Russia, 1648 (see States General, reference code 1.01.05, inv. no. 8456).

DOCUMENTS OF FOPPE VAN AITZEMA •

102: Statement of expenses of the resident at the Hanseatic towns Foppe van Aitzema, 1627–1636 (1 bundle).

Accessibility L.W.A.M. Lasonder, “Inventaris van het archief van Leo van Aitzema [levensjaren ca. 1580–1669], 1585–1669” (1915); also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance Leo van Aitzema (1600–1669) was resident of the Hanseatic towns in The Hague from c. 1626 to his death in 1669. Furthermore, he was a historian who collected material for his work Historie van saken van staat en oorlog (History of matters of state and war). Leo’s uncle Foppe van Aitzema was a resident for the Republic at the Hanseatic towns. Related materials Most of this collection is also described as part of the appendices to the resolutions of the States General (reference code 1.01.05) and the contents of the loketkast (reference codes 1.01.06 and 1.01.07).

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Anthonie Heinsius, Pensionary of Holland and West-Friesland Record group Anthonie Heinsius, Pensionary of Holland and West-Friesland Anthonie Heinsius, Raadpensionaris van Holland en West-Friesland Reference code : 3.01.19 Period : 1689–1720 Extent : 2428 items, 36.30 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of Pensionary Anthonie Heinsius. It contains records collected by Heinsius as pensionary of Delft and of Holland and West-Friesland, and retroacts compiled by him. The material includes documents regarding his missions to France and England, and records concerning internal affairs, Willem III and the House of Orange, and foreign affairs. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1665–1721 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

All relevant papers are to be found in the section “Heinsius as pensionary of Holland and West-Friesland”. These include the resolutions of the States of Holland, containing decisions regarding trade, shipping and diplomatic realtions, Heinsius’ correspondence, with letters to and from the Baltic Sea region, and documents concerning the admiralty, foreign affairs and the grain trade. DOCUMENTS OF A GENERAL NATURE • • •

27–27XX: Resolutions of the States of Holland, 1689–1720 (51 volumes). 33: Notes of conversations with foreign envoys, 1716–1718 (1 folder). 35–39: Registers of incoming and outgoing letters, 1695–1702 (5 volumes).

national archives of the netherlands •

•

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128–2093: Incoming correspondence from a large number of people, sorted by sender and year, including letters sent from the Baltic Sea region, 1689–1720. 2094–2098A: Correspondence received by the States of Holland and kept by Heinsius, 1688–1711 (2 bundles and 4 folders).

DOCUMENTS OF A PARTICULAR NATURE Admiralty •

2136: Various documents regarding the admiralty, with notes by Heinsius, 1665–1713 (1 bundle).

Foreign Affairs • • •

2158: Documents regarding foreign affairs, 1716–1717 (3 pieces). 2165: Letters regarding the grain trade, 1699–1700 (1 folder). 2277–2288: Documents regarding the Nordic war of 1700–1721 and the relations and treaties between the Republic and the involved powers, 1699–1719 (3 pieces, 4 bundles and 4 folders).

Accessibility A.J. Veenendaal, “Inventaris van het archief van Anthonie Heinsius, raadpensionaris van Holland en West-Friesland, (1682) 1689–1720” (2001), with introduction in Dutch. Record creator / provenance Anthonie Heinsius (1641–1720) studied law in Leiden and got his PhD at the University of Anger in 1662 and subsequently in Leiden as well. He worked as a lawyer in Delft for a while, before becoming town prosecutor in 1667, secretary in 1670 and pensionary of Delft in 1679. In 1682 he went on a diplomatic mission to France. In 1689 he was elected pensionary of Holland and West-Friesland at the request of Willem III and held this ofce until his death in 1720. Related materials •

States of Holland and West-Friesland (reference code: 3.01.04.01).

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Publications •

Veenendaal, A.J. (ed.), De briefwisseling van Anthonie Heinsius 1702– 1720, 19 Vols. (Rijksgeschiedkundige Publicatiën, Grote Serie, various Vols.) (The Hague, 1976–2001), containing Heinsius’ correspondence.

Anthonie van der Heim, (1710) 1737–1746 Record group Anthonie van der Heim, (1710) 1737–1746 Anthonie van der Heim, (1710) 1737–1746 Reference code : 3.01.22 Period : 1559–1787 Extent : 874 items, 7.6 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of Anthonie van der Heim, who was pensionary of Holland from 1737 to 1746. The material consists mainly of correspondence concerning a wide range of subjects, collected by Van der Heim in his capacity as pensionary of Holland, secretary of the Generality’s Audit and treasurer-general at the Council of State. Subjects include foreign affairs, regional matters, trade companies, admiralty, relations with the House of Orange and nancial matters. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1585–1746 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, Latin, various languages

Relevant are Van der Heim’s correspondence and documents regarding diplomatic relations, and trade and shipping in general and with the Baltic Sea region.

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ANTHONIE VAN DER HEIM AS PENSIONARY OF THE STATES OF HOLLAND AND WEST-FRIENSLAND Documents of a general nature •

•

1–370: Incoming missives to Anthonie van der Heim, sorted by sender, 1737–1746. Including letters from: * Dirck van Bleiswijk, commissionary at Gdansk. * Berend Willem Buys, minister at the Lower Saxony Kreits and resident at the Hanseatic towns. * Cornelis Calkoen, minister in Poland. * Gillis Coymans, resident in Denmark. * Arend van Deurs, commissioner at Helsingør. * Daniel de Dieu, extraordinary envoy in Russia. * Jacob Johan Mauricius, minister at the Lower Saxony Kreits and resident at the Hanseatic towns. * Directors for Baltic trade and shipping at Amsterdam. * Reinhard van Reede tot Ginkel, minister in Prussia. * Carel Rumpf, minister in Poland and Saxony. * Hendrik Willem Rumpf, extraordinary envoy in Sweden. * H. Du Sauzet, envoy of Poland in the Republic. * Marcelis de Swart, resident in Russia. 371–379: Registers of outgoing letters, including letters to some of the people listed under nos. 1–370, 1738–1746 (9 volumes).

Documents of a particular nature Internal affairs: Holland •

•

484: Extracts from the resolutions of the States of Holland and WestFriesland of 1584 and 1585 regarding the marine, admiralty, water dues and trade (copies), rst half eighteenth century (1 quire). 498: Memorandum from some pilots to secure the course of navigation near the island of Texel (copy), 1744 (1 piece).

Internal affairs: admiralty •

643: Note regarding the issuing of sea and health briefs to skippers by the boards of admiralty, 1734 and 1737, copy, 1737 (1 piece).

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Foreign affairs: envoys of the Republic abroad •

•

•

666: Memorandum regarding the payment of Barthold Douma van Burmania, envoy at the imperial court in Vienna, 1743 (copy), with appendices, 1739–1743, copies, 1743 (5 pieces). 668: Extracts from the resolutions of the States General of 1669 and 1670 regarding the instructions and salary of Gerard Hamel Bruijnincx, envoy at Vienna, 1740 (2 pieces). 669: Documents regarding the travel and accommodation costs for journeys abroad of envoys of the Republic abroad, 1689 and 1702, copies, 1740 (2 pieces).

Foreign affairs: foreign envoys in the Republic • • •

670: List of the amount of bread supplied in 1730 to the foreign envoys in the Republic (copy), 1730 (1 quire). 671: List of the consumption of beer in 1730 by the foreign envoys residing in Holland (copy), 1730 (1 quire). 672: Documents regarding the exemption of impost for foreign ministers, partly copied, 1730 and 1736 (3 pieces).

Foreign affairs: treaties •

707: Documents regarding the renewal of the 1700 treaty of commerce between the Republic and Sweden (copies), 1743 (1 quire and 2 pieces).

Foreign affairs: Denmark •

•

718: Documents regarding a shing dispute between the Republic and Denmark regarding the shing of four Holland vessels near Iceland (copies), 1740 (4 quires and 1 piece). 719: Memorandum regarding the amount of Holland ships passing through the Sound between 1736 and 1742, 1743 (1 piece).

Foreign affairs: Russia •

810: Extracts from the resolutions of the States of Holland and WestFriesland of 1741, regarding complaints from Sweden that the Dutch have asked Russia for permission to trade in the Baltic Sea, 1741 (2 pieces).

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DOCUMENTS BELONGING TO THE ARCHIVES OF THE STATES OF HOLLAND AND WEST-FRIESLAND •

•

867: Letters by Jacob Johan Hamel Bruijnincx, extraordinary envoy at the court of the German Empire, to the States of Holland and WestFriesland, 1720–1738 (1 folder). 870: Letters by Jan Jacob Mauricius, minister at Hamburg, to the States of Holland and West-Friesland, 1737–1738 (1 folder).

Accessibility J.A.S.M. Suijkerbuijk and W.E. Meiboom, “Inventaris van het archief van Anthonie van der Heim (1710) 1737–1746” (1983), with introduction in Dutch; also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance Anthonie van der Heim (1693–1746) studied law at the university of Leiden. During his studies, he was already appointed secretary of the Audit of the Generality, a post he would full from 1720 to 1727. In 1727, Van der Heim succeeded Simon van Slingelandt, who had been appointed pensionary of Holland, as treasurer-general at the Council of State. After Van Slingelandt’s death in 1737, Van der Heim succeeded him again, although some members of the States of Holland did not fully trust him because of his Orangeist family connections. Van der Heim had to promise in writing that he would retain the stadtholderless form of government. By some contempories, Van der Heim was described as indecisive and weak. He himself complained about the indecisiveness of and discord within the States of Holland, which according to him was an important factor in the decline of the Republic on the international stage in this period. The stress and political pressure, both from within the Republic and from abroad, would eventually lead to Van der Heim’s untimely death through a heart condition in 1746. Related materials •

States of Holland (reference code: 3.01.04.01).

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Audit of the Generality Accounts and Succeeding Boards with the Accounts Deposited There Record group Audit of the Generality Accounts and Succeeding Boards with the Accounts Deposited There Rekenkamer ter Auditie van de gemeenelandsrekeningen en de opvolgde colleges met de daaronder berustende rekeningen Reference code : 3.01.28 Period : 1518–1805 Extent : 5731 items, 132 metres Abstract This collection consists of the administration of the succeeding auditing ofces of the generality accounts in Holland. The material includes correspondence, minutes and resolutions, and the Generality and domain accounts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1767–1805 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are principally the accounts of the toll collectors of Holland, which are part of the domain accounts (items 5185–5483) from the years 1767–1805. Accessibility J. Smit, “Het archief der Rekenkamer ter Auditie van de gemeenelandsrekeningen en de opvolgende colleges met de daaronder berustende rekeningen” (1946), with introduction in Dutch. Record creator / provenance The rekenkamer ter auditie was the audit of the States of Holland, founded in 1573 and responsible for the auditing of the Generality accounts and (from 1728) of the domain accounts.

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Berg Family Record group Berg Family Familie Berg Reference code Period Extent

: 3.20.03 : 1338–1977 : 1201 items, 8.30 metres

Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the Berg family and related families. The material contains records concerning members of the Berg family and related families separately and documents regarding the family as a whole or several family members together. Also included are papers with no apparent relation to this collection and documents collected by members of the family. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1680–1717 : Estonia, Germany, the Netherlands : various languages

Relevant are three items (from three different sections of the collection), which regard immigration and trade. ERNST WILHELM VON BERG (1651–1728) •

1: Letters to Tallinn-born Ernst Wilhelm von Berg (captain in the Dutch army) from family members in Reval and surroundings, 1682–1700, 1715–1717 (1 folder).

WILLEM ERNST JOAN BERG (1813–1888) •

989: Private act of attestation by groups of Amsterdam merchants regarding import and export dues in Hamburg and in England, 1681 (printed copies) (2 pieces).

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DOCUMENTS BELONGING TO THE ARCHIVES OF THE BURGOMASTERS OF AMSTERDAM •

1995: Memorandum submitted to the burgomasters of Amsterdam by about 80 merchants regarding desired scal measures, 1680, with appendix, c. 1842 (1 quire and 1 piece).

Accessibility J.P.A. Louman, “Archief van de familie Berg, 1338–1977” (1980).

Bisdom Collection Record group Bisdom Collection Collectie Bisdom Reference code Period Extent

: 1.10.06 : 1280–1810 : 333 items, 22.7 metres

Abstract This collection consists of the papers of Jacob Bisdom, his son Dirk Rudolf Wijckerheld Bisdom and his son-in-law Gerard Daniel Denick, all judges advocate of the Meuse Admiralty. The material consists of correspondence and a large number of copies of records that all three men collected in their capacity as judges advocate, but also out of a general interest in history. These include documents about admiralty and maritime matters, and commercial, legal, nancial and political affairs. The documents were sorted according to subject and compiled into recueils by Wickerheld Bisdom. They are a rich source for the history of the Admiralty, Holland and other subjects. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1588–1787 : Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, French, Latin

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Relevant are some compilations of documents concerning admiralty and maritime matters, and trade and diplomatic relations with Sweden and Denmark. DOCUMENTS OF A PARTICULAR NATURE Holland and the United Provinces •

12–76: Recueil varia, documents concerning nancial, commercial, administrative and legal matters, mainly regarding Holland from 1280 to 1787 (copies), including indices, c. 1720–1787 (61 volumes and 5 bundles). Including among other relevant volumes: * Vol. 40 (inv. no. 51): Documents concerning Sweden. * Vol. 57 (inv. no. 68): Documents concerning Denmark and the Icelandic sheries.

United Provinces Admiralty and maritime matters • •

230: Resolutions of the States General concerning admiralty and maritime matters (copies), 1642 (1 folder). 231: General index on the resolutions of the States of Holland regarding admiralty and maritime matters, 1588–1690 (1 volume).

Admiralty Boards •

233: Documents concerning criminal and civil lawsuits (copies), 1598– 1783 (1 bundle).

Convooien en licenten and other maritime dues •

•

237: Receuil middelen te water, documents regarding deliberations concerning the redress of the middelen te water (maritime dues) (copies), 1686–1745 (1 volume). 238–251: Documents regarding nancial matters, 1588–1782 (14 folders). Including: * 240: Documents concerning ships and goods cast ashore. * 241: Passports. * 249: Documents concerning the mention of goods on lists of convooien en licenten (a lastage for the protection of trade).

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Trade •

•

•

•

261: Memorandums and propositions of representatives of the Admiralty Boards concerning the levying of incoming and outgoing dues submitted to the States General in connection with the plans of Prince William IV to redress trade (copies), 1745 (1 volume). 262–268: Documents having served as illustration in the meetings of the three Holland Admiralty Boards and the general meetings of the boards from 1751 to 1755 concerning Prince William IV’s plan to redress trade (copies), 1751–1755 (7 volumes). 269: Documents regarding the protection of national trade and industry in conjunction with the plan of Prince William IV to redress commerce (copies), 1682–1753 (1 volume). 270: Resolutions of the States of Holland and the States General concerning Prince William IV’s plan to redress trade (copies), 1751–1754 (1 bundle).

RESOLUTIONS Resolutions of the Admiralty Boards •

31–321: Verbalen (reports) of the Haagse Besognes, general meetings of the Admiralty Boards in The Hague, with appendices and supplements, copies, 1648–1703 (8 volumes).

Accessibility Joyce Pennings, “Inventaris van het archief van mr. D.R.W. Bisdom [levensjaren 1740–1814], mr. J. Bisdom [levensjaren 1696–1762] en mr. G.D. Denick [levensjaren 1724–1780], 1280–1810” (1986); also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance Dirck Rudolf Wijckerheld Bisdom (1740–1814), his father Jacob Bisdom (1696–1762) and his brother-in-law Gerard Daniel Denick (1724–1780) were all judges advocate of the Meuse Admiralty in the second half of the eighteenth century. Related materials •

Admiralty Boards XXXI, Collection J. Bisdom, 1255–1793 (reference code: 1.01.47.21).

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Board of the Great Fisheries, 1578–1857 (1859) Record group Board of the Great Fisheries, 1578–1857 (1859) College van de Grote Visserij, 1578–1857 (1859) Reference code : 3.11.03 Period : 1495–1878 Extent : 717 items, 16.00 metres Abstract This collection consists of the administration of the Board of the Great Fisheries. The materials are divided into periods: 1578–1795, 1795–1823 and 1823–1857. They contain documents of a general nature and records regarding the involvements in Holland, foreign relations and nances, and documents of which the relation to this collection is unclear. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1578–1797 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the Board’s resolutions and correspondence (especially with Hamburg and Bremen), and documents concerning pilotage, foreign relations and maritime dues. All these belong to the section with papers dating from the period 1578–1795. DOCUMENTS OF A GENERAL NATURE •

•

1–29: Agendas of meetings of the Board, resolutions and indices on the resolutions, 1578–1790 (2 quires, 15 folders, 3 volumes, 2 pieces and 7 bundles). 30–37: Incoming and outgoing missives from and to various people, including envoys in Hamburg, and the Bremen and Hamburg councils, 1710–1776 (4 folders, 15 pieces and 1 volume).

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INVOLVEMENTS IN HOLLAND •

45–60: Various documents regarding pilotage on the Meuse and the Goerese Gat, 1661–1777 (16 pieces, 6 quires and 1 folder).

FOREIGN RELATIONS Hamburg •

119–140: Various documents regarding the export of herring to Hamburg, competition from Denmark, England and Scotland, and the company of Schonenvaarders, and the packing of herring in Hamburg, 1609–1775 (3 folders, 23 pieces and 1 quire).

Sweden •

157–161: Various documents regarding shing in Sweden and competition from Swedish shers, 1745–1763 (7 pieces and 3 quires).

FINANCES Pilotage •

194–200: Accounts regarding the pilotage levied by the Board from the town of Brielle, 1757–1790 (24 pieces).

DOCUMENTS OF WHICH THE RELATION TO THIS COLLECTION IS UNCLEAR •

216, 217: Registers of receipts for the guarding, cleaning and pumping dry of ships, and of the harbour dues, and from 1736 the lastage, harbour dues, paalgeld (a due for the upkeep of tuns and beacons in the Zuiderzee) and other dues at Enkhuizen, 1713–1797 (2 volumes).

Accessibility A.A. Mietes, “De Archieven van de colleges van de Grote Visserij, 1578–1857 (1859)” (1984), with introduction in Dutch. Record creator / provenance Interested parties in the herring sheries were already meeting on a regular basis towards the end of the fteenth century. They mainly discussed the

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increasing unsafety at sea and in 1558 they decided to equip convoy vessels to accompany the herring eet. The Board of the Great Fisheries nally appeared around 1566–67 and originally consisted of delegates from Holland and Zeeland. The Zeeland delegates withdrew in the late sixteenth century, however, due to some disputes with the Holland delegates. From 1600 the Board was made up of representatives of the towns of Delft, Rotterdam, Schiedam, Brielle and Enkhuizen. The duties of the Board lay in the eld of the equipage of convoy ships. Initially, armed herring busses were used, but from the sixteenth century on, proper war ships were tted out and put under the command of an admiral. From 1625 the Board got the right to administer justice regarding the crews of the convoys and from 1661 they were allowed to levy pilotage dues in the Meuse region. The board could also levy lastage for the upkeep of the war ships, and tun, beacon and are dues. The Board was eventually dissolved in 1859.

Boreel Family Record group Boreel Family Familie Boreel Reference code Period Extent

: 1.10.10 : 1443–1931 : 478 items, 7 metres

Abstract These papers chiey consist of the archives of the noble Boreel family (1443–1931) and the related Pels family (1571–1877). The materials comprise genealogical documents, letters, testaments, estate papers, etc. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1639–1791 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, French

Relevant materials include the following:

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•

•

• • •

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78B–78D: Papers deriving from Johan Boreel, including correspondence with Mr. De Groot, ambassador in Sweden and France, 1668–1672 (3 volumes). 89: Report by Willem Boreel, based on his activities as a representative (gedeputeerde) of the States General, drawn up for the King of Denmark and Norway, Archbishop Frederick and the Council of Bremen, concerning the mediation in a conict between the Archbishop and Bremen and a related conference on behalf of the Danish King, 1639 (1 volume). 89A: Report by the commissioners and ambassadors Willem Boreel, Albert Sonck and Johan van Weede, drawn up for the King of Denmark and Norway concerning a conference in the town of Stade, 1641 (missing at the time of research). 91: Letter (fragment) from Willem Boreel to the King of Denmark and Norway, 1639 (1 piece). 175: Letters from various people to Willem Boreel Jacobszn, including papers concerning Prussian politicians, 1763, 1790–1791 (1 folder). 324: Declaration of the mayor and council of Gdansk (Danzig) stating that Paulus Pels has been buried in 1659 in the Pfar church of St. Mary, 1660 (1 piece). 327: Extract from the funeral sermon at Gdansk for Paulus Pels conducted by Gunter Rudolf van Kieswater, including a sketch of a tombstone, undated (c. 1659?) (2 pieces).

Accessibility Inventory (in Dutch), with index. Most items (including those described under “relevant contents”) can only be consulted after obtaining permission from “Stichting Familiefonds Boreel”, De Hooghlaan 23, 3723 GR Bilthoven, the Netherlands. Record creator / provenance Several members of the Boreel family and the related Pels family held political ofces in the Dutch Republic or abroad. Johan Boreel was ambassador in England between 1667 and 1672. Willem Boreel served as council member and pensionary of Amsterdam in the seventeenth century. Paulus Pels functioned as resident in Gdansk on behalf of the States General. Visually attractive Item 327 includes a sketch of a tombstone, possibly of Paulus Pels at Gdansk.

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Ill. 14. Sketch of a tombstone, probably for Paulus Pels, resident in Gdansk (Danzig) on behalf of the Dutch States General, who died in Gdansk in 1659. National Archives of the Netherlands (The Hague): “Boreel Family” (reference code: 1.10.10), no. 327.

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Calkoen Collection Record group Calkoen Collection Collectie Calkoen Reference code : 1.10.16.01 Period : 1131–1953 Extent : 1803 items, 11.2 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the Calkoen family and some related families. The material mainly consists of personal documents, but also includes records concerning the ofces of some family members, most importantly of Cornelis Calkoen, ambassador in Turkey and Saxony. The collection also contains the deposited archives of the domain of Kortenhoef, the Fontaine hospice (Fontainehofje) and the family fund Ad Pias Causas. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1644–1763 : Denmark, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant is mainly a letter from Joris Jansz Valk, skipper from Rotterdam, regarding his imprisonment in Copenhagen (no. 1782, from 1644, 1 piece). The records of Cornelis Calkoen, ambassador in Turkey and in Saxony (when the king of Poland was elector of Saxony) include some correspondence with the countries bordering the Baltic Sea (for example nos. 201, 616, 708, 756 and 756–779, dating from 1744–1763), and may therefore include some information regarding diplomatic relations with this region. Accessibility G.W.J. van Bree, G.P. Nijkampen and H.Spijkerman, “Inventaris van het archief van de familie Calkoen” (1966/1992); also available online at the repository’s website.

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Civil Case Files Belonging to the Archives of the Court of Holland, 1564–1810: Series I and II Record group Civil Case Files Belonging to the Archives of the Court of Holland, 1564– 1810: Series I and II Civiele Processtukken behorend bij het archief van het Hof van Holland, 1564–1810: Serie I en II Reference code : 3.03.01.04 Period : 1428–1811 Extent

: 3482 items, 82.50 metres

Abstract This collection consists of the civil case les of the Court of Holland. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1428–1811 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the cases concerning maritime or trade matters or those involving people from the Baltic Sea region and/or merchants and skippers from the Netherlands. These can be found by working through the two series of lists that make up the inventory and in which are listed, rst, the name of the party who brought the matter before the court and the matter dealt with, and, second, the party against whom is litigated. Accessibility “Nadere toegang op het archief van het Hof van Holland Collectie Civiele Processtukken: Serie I en II” (2 volumes). Record creator / provenance The Court of Holland was the highest judicial body of the province of Holland, but cases could be appealed against before the Supreme Court, which was originally intended to be a central court for the Republic. The Supreme Court was not acknowledged outside of Holland and Zeeland,

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however, and thus the competences of the two courts overlapped in certain areas, which occassionally led to conicts. Related materials •

Court of Holland (reference code: 3.03.01.01).

Coenraad van Heemskerck, 1672–1701 Record group Coenraad van Heemskerck, 1672–1701 Coenraad van Heemskerck, 1672–1701 Reference code : 1.02.01 Period : 1672–1701 Extent : 530 items, 3.28 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers concerning the various diplomatic missions of Coenraad van Heemskerck (1646–1702) between 1673 and 1701. During this period he was sent to the court of the German Emperor three times, to Spain twice and to Turkey and France once. He was also present at the conference at Altona in the years 1689–1690. The papers contain reports (verbalen) of his missions, as well as the most important documents received by him during his missions. Also included is correspondence with individuals concerning the protection of their interests in trade and shipping. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1690–1701 : Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands : Dutch, High German, various languages

Relevant are the papers concerning Van Heemskerck’s second and third missions at the court of the German Emperor, although trade with the Empire was largely conducted over land. Also important is one item from the mission to France concerning shipping through the Sound.

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MISSION TO THE GERMAN EMPEROR, 1690–1692 Items 4–93 concern Van Heemkerck’s second mission at the German Emperor’s court from 1690 to 1692. They consist of verbalen, correspondence with the States General and other Dutch authorities, Dutch diplomats at other posts, and foreign authorities, and of documents concerning the Nine Years’ War, the war with Turkey and the Holy League, and other international relations. Also included is correspondence and other documentation regarding the protection of the interests of Dutch individuals. Of particular interest are the following items: • •

65: File regarding the conclusion of a trading agreement between the Emperor and the Republic, 1692 (1 folder). 66: Memorandum of the Emperor to the King of Denmark regarding the levying of a toll at Glückstadt, 1690 (1 piece).

MISSION TO THE GERMAN EMPEROR, 1694–1697 Items 169–283 concern Van Heemkerck’s third mission at the Emperor’s court from 1694 to 1697. The contents are similar to those of the second mission. Of particular relevance are the following items: •

•

235: Documents regarding a dispute between Denmark and SchleswigHolstein regarding the treaty concluded by them at Altona in 1689, 1695–1697 (1 folder). 246: Memorandum of the Emperor concerning the conscation of the goods of two Amsterdam merchants, 1695 (2 pieces).

MISSION TO FRANCE, 1698–1701 Item 442 consists of a letter of recommendation of the Amsterdam magistrates concerning the merchandise of Cornelis and Adriaen van Builaert, freighted on a vessel which was taken by the Danes in the Sound, dating from 1699 (1 piece). Accessibility Theo Thomassen, “Inventaris van het archief van C. van Heemskerck [levensjaren 1646–1702]: Gezant te Wenen, te Brussel, te Madrid, te Altona, te Constantinopel en te Parijs, 1672–1701” (1994); also available online at the repository’s website.

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Related materials • •

Gerard Hamel Bruijnincx (reference code: 1.02.02). Diplomatic Mission German Emperor (reference code: 1.02.05).

Publications •

Pennings, J.C.M., and Theo H.P.M. Thomassen (eds.), Archieven van Nederlandse gezanten en consuls tot 1813, Vol. I, Overgedragen archieven van gezanten en consuls in de christelijke wereld (The Hague, 1994); including the inventory of this collection on pp. 163–200.

Collection Other Envoys and Various Archives of Diplomatic Missions, 17th–18th Centuries Record group Collection Other Envoys and Various Archives of Diplomatic Missions, 17th– 18th Centuries Collectie overige gezanten en Legatiearchieven Diversen, 17e–18e eeuw Reference code : 1.10.110 Period : 1569–1791 Extent : 189 items, 3.5 metres Abstract This collection consists of remnants of papers of various envoys and remainders of some archives of diplomatic missions, all of which have been removed from other collections for various reasons. The collection includes reports (verbalen) of the envoys, correspondence with the States General, other authorities and individuals, and accounts and books of codes for sending secret documents. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1644–1796 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are some documents from envoys to Sweden and Denmark, and remainders of the archives of the diplomatic missions at the Hanseatic towns

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and Sweden, all of which provide information concerning the diplomatic relations between these places and the Republic. OTHER ENVOYS Gerard Schaep (Simonsz.), 1598–1666 •

• •

•

73: Letters and other documents regarding the embassy of Gerard Schaep, Albert Sonck and Joachim Andrée to Denmark, 1644–1645 (1 folder), missing at the time of research. 74: Letters from the Danish chancellor Corvitz Uhlefeld to the ambassadors Schaep, Sonck and Andrée, 1644 (2 pieces). 75: Letter of credence to the prince of Denmark and the bishop of Bremen, for the benet of ambassadors Schaep, Sonck and Andrée, copy, 1644 (1 piece). 76: Letter from Duke Frederick of Schleswig-Holstein to the envoys of the States General to Sweden and Norway, 1645 (1 piece).

Dirck Schaep, 1627–1702 •

87: Letter from J. Osti to Dirck Schaep in Sweden, 1654 (1 piece).

Pieter Vogelsangh, 1616–1663 •

• • •

96–123: Incoming documents and drafts of outgoing documents of Pieter Vogelsangh, representative of the States General in Sweden, with appendices, 1659–1661 (22 pieces), nos. 107, 118–122 missing at the time of research. 125: List of skippers and their vessels returned to the Republic, seventeenth century (1 piece). 126: Documents regarding the supply of Copenhagen by Mr. Meerman, 1659 and undated (2 pieces). 128: Incoming letters from J. de Witt, 1659 (2 pieces).

VARIOUS DIPLOMATIC MISSION ARCHIVES Diplomatic mission at the Lower Saxony Kreits and the Hanseatic towns Jacob Johan Mauricius • •

141: Letters to or from the States General, 1737 (1 folder). 142: Incoming letter from F. Auguste at Kiel, 1742 (1 piece).

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Berent Willem Buys • •

143: Letters to or from the States General, 1748 (1 folder). 144: Letter of attorney of the heirs of Anna Dorothea Wriedt to two Amsterdam merchants, 1744 (copy) (1 piece).

Daniël Hogguer •

145: Copies of outgoing letters to the registrar of the States General, 1788 (1 folder).

Balthasar Elias Abbema • •

146: Copy of an outgoing letter of Abbema to the States General, 1796, with appendix (1 piece). 147: Letter from Abbema to the States General, 1796 (1 piece), missing at the time of research.

Diplomatic mission in Sweden •

176: Register of letters and propositions functioning as a report (verbaal) of extraordinary representative Coenraad van Beuningen regarding his mission to Sweden to negotiate a treaty between Sweden, Denmark and the Republic, 1652–1654 (1 volume).

Uninventorised section •

188, 189: Various documents regarding diplomatic missions, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (2 boxes).

Accessibility Theo Thomassen and Joyce Pennings, “Inventaris van de archieven van de overige gezanten en Legatiearchieven: diversen, 17e en 18e eeuw” (1994); also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance Gerard Schaep served as extraordinary ambassador to Denmark, Sweden, etc., in the years 1644–1645. Dirck Schaep was secretary and extraordinary envoy in Sweden during the period 1655–1697.

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Pieter Vogelsangh functioned as extraordinary ambassador at the courts of the Swedish and Danish kings. Jacob Johan Mauricius served as resident at the Hanseatic towns, 1725–1743, and as minister at the Lower Saxony Kreits, 1756–1768. Berent Willem Buys was minister at the Lower Saxony Kreits and resident at the Hanseatic Towns in the years 1742–1756. Daniël Hogguer functioned as minister from 1774 to 1793. Balthasar Elias Abbema served as minister plenipotentiaris between 1795 as 1800. Related materials • •

Diplomatic Mission Sweden (reference code: 1.02.07). Diplomatic Mission Lower Saxony Kreits and Hanseatic Towns (reference code: 1.02.09).

Council of State Record group Council of State Raad van State Reference code Period Extent

: 1.01.19 : 1580–1795 : 2437 items, 268.05 metres

Abstract This collection consists of the administration of the Council of State. It includes resolutions, correspondence, lists of the division of the costs of war, appointments and acts, reports, minutes and instructions, as well as documents concerning military matters, nancial matters, requests, church matters, administration of the various Generality lands, maintenance of rivers, relations with the Austrian Netherlands, accounts, jurisdiction and miscellaneous topics. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1581–1795 : Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

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Relevant are the resolutions, correspondence and minutes of the Council of State, which contain information on foreign affairs. Also important are documents concerning import and export dues, convooien en licenten (a lastage for the protection of trade) and the costs of embassies, and documents regarding relations with countries in the Baltic Sea region. DOCUMENTS OF A GENERAL NATURE Resolutions •

1–386: Resolutions of the Council of State and preceding boards, partly with alphabetical indices, 1581–1795 (387 volumes); nos. 391–487 are separate indices, 1694, 1700–1795 (97 volumes); nos. 488–516 form a general index on the resolutions, 1684–1770 (29 volumes).

Correspondence • • • •

516–541: Outgoing letters of the Council of State, 1638, 1668–1795 (copies) (25 volumes); no. 542 is an index, 1668–1740 (1 volume). 543–546: Outgoing letters of the Council of State, 1754–1788, drafts (4 volumes). 547–571: Letters and reports to the States General, 1668–1786 (25 volumes); no. 572 is an index, 1668–1734. 573–1225: Incoming missives, 1606–1795, with gaps (653 folders).

Secret minutes, instructions, resolutions, etc. •

1871–1875: Secret minutes, 1629–1785 (5 volumes); no. 1876 is a general index, 1629–1785.

DOCUMENTS OF A PARTICULAR NATURE Financial matters •

•

2110: Various documents regarding import and export dues, convooien en licenten, the costs of embassies, statements of travel expenses, etc., undated (1 folder). 2119: Papers including an agreement between the States General and the Hanseatic towns, 1669 (1 folder).

national archives of the netherlands •

•

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2121: Documents regarding negotiations for the benefit of foreign powers, including Sweden (1692, 1694, 1616, 1617) and Brandenburg (1616–1690) (1 folder). 2122: Documents regarding subsidies granted to foreign powers, including Denmark, 1666–1684 (1 folder).

Accessibility L. van Limburg and E.A.T.M. Schreuder, “Inventaris van het archief van de Raad van State” (1993) (revised version). Record creator / provenance The Council of State was founded in 1588 as a central government body. In practice, it functioned mainly as an executive body alongside the States General, the latter determining the competences of the Council. The Council of State consisted of twelve members from the United Provinces and of the stadtholder, who had a special status. The Council mainly had competences in the elds of war, the military and nances. Besides, it administered the Generality lands under the responsibility of the States General, and was involved in foreign affairs. Related materials •

Acquisitions of the Council of State (reference code: 1.01.19.02).

Count’s Audit Accounts, (1305) 1446–1812 Record group Count’s Audit Accounts, (1305) 1446–1812 Grafelijkheidsrekenkamer Rekeningen, (1305) 1446–1812 Reference code : 3.01.27.02 Period : 1425–1793 Extent : 5092 items, 226 metres Abstract This collection consists of the accounts of the Count’s Audit of Holland. It includes accounts regarding the domains, taxes, legal administration, tolls, the mint, wars and defence, annuities, waterworks, buildings, etc., of the various regions within Holland.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1431–1725 : Denmark, the Netherlands : Dutch

Relevant are mainly the accounts regarding the count’s domains (nos. 197– 3292, from the period 1316–1725) and those of the shires (baljuwschappen, nos. 3549–4063, from 1305–1664), both of which may include information on wrecking, and the conscation and return of goods. The domain accounts may also include the costs of diplomats’ journeys. Also relevant may be the accounts regarding tolls (nos. 4900–4936, 1352–1699). For all three types of accounts, those dating from before Philip of Burgundy’s reign (c. 1431) have been moved to the archives of the counts (reference code: 3.01.01). Accessibility “Inventaris van het archief van de Grafelijkheidsrekenkamer of Rekenkamer der Domeinen van Holland: Afgehoorde en Gedeponeerde Rekeningen, (1425) 1446–1728 (1793)” (1946); also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance The count’s audit was founded by Duke Philip the Good in 1446 to supervise the management of the count’s domains. Originally the audit only covered Holland and Zeeland, but Charles V extended the jurisdiction of the audit to the provinces of Friesland, Utrecht, Overijssel, Groningen and Drenthe. After the Revolt, only the province of Holland remained and in 1728 the Audit was discontinued, and its duties taken over by the representative councillors of the Noorderkwartier and of the Zuiderkwartier of Holland. Custodial history The records concerning Zeeland were transferred to Zeeland in the early seventeenth century, and those concerning the other provinces (apart from Holland) were transferred to the relevant provincial archives in the twentieth century. See also under “Relevant contents”. Copies Inv. nos. 1–1024 have mostly been put on microlm (lm nos. 175–371), which are available at the self-service depot in case D5.

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Related materials • • •

Count’s Audit Registers (reference code: 3.01.27.01). Financial Department of Holland (reference code: 3.01.29). Collection 1902 (reference code: 3.22.10), including an advice of the audit to the States of Holland regarding the question to whom ships cast ashore belong (1654, copy from 1781, 1 folder).

Count’s Audit Registers, (1305) 1446–1812 Record group Count’s Audit Registers, (1305) 1446–1812 Grafelijkheidsrekenkamer Registers, (1305) 1446–1812 Reference code : 3.01.27.01 Period : 1381–1815 Extent : 1011 items, 135.1 metres Abstract This collection consists of the registers of the count’s audit of Holland. It includes registers of ordinances and instructions regarding the management of the domains of the count, memorandum books regarding various subjects, documents regarding the auditors, resolutions of the Representative States of Holland and West-Friesland, correspondence and requests, documents regarding the personnel of the audit, the income of the domains and the sale of lands. Finally, some material concerning the mint, toll and wrecking is included. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1453–1810 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the memorandum books, resolutions and missives, which may include information on wrecking, tolls and other dues, and some specic material concerning the law of wreck and tolls. These are all to be found in the section of documents of a general nature.

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MEMORANDUM BOOKS •

28–60: Memorandum books regarding various subjects, 1455–1726 (33 volumes).

RESOLUTIONS AND MINUTES •

•

65–86: Resolutions of the representative councillors of the States of Holland and West-Friesland regarding the domains, with nos. 65–68 including applications for passports, 1726–1795 (7 bundles and 17 volumes); no. 87 is an index, 1728–1731 (1 volume). 93: Register of resolutions of the representative councillors concerning wrecking, 1772–1786 (1 volume).

MISSIVES • •

283–381: Missives to the States of Holland and other bodies, and others, 1594–1793 (101 bundles). 476–489: Incoming missives, 1453–1723 (14 bundles).

TOLLS AND WRECKING • •

695–698D: Various documents regarding tolls in Holland and elsewhere in the Netherlands, fourteenth century–1779 (10 bundles). 699–699B: Documents regarding the law of wreck and wrecking, 1483–1810 (3 bundles).

Accessibility “Inventaris van het archief van de Grafelijkheidsrekenkamer of Rekenkamer der Domeinen van Holland: Registers en Stukken, (1233) 1446–1728 (1815)”; also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance The count’s audit was founded by Duke Philip the Good in 1446 to supervise the management of the count’s domains. Originally the audit only covered Holland and Zeeland, but Charles V extended the jurisdiction of the audit to the provinces of Friesland, Utrecht, Overijssel, Groningen and Drenthe. After the Revolt, only the province of Holland remained and in 1728 the Audit was discontinued, and its duties taken over by the representative councillors of the Noorderkwartier and of the Zuiderkwartier of Holland.

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Custodial history The records concerning Zeeland were transferred to Zeeland in the early seventeenth century, and those concerning the other provinces (apart from Holland) were transferred to the relevant provincial archives in the twentieth century.

Counts of Holland Record group Counts of Holland Graven van Holland Reference code : 3.01.01 Period : 1189–1660 Extent : 2224 items, 68 metres Abstract This collection consists of the administration of the counts of Holland up to 1581, when Philip II was no longer acknowledged as territorial lord. The material consists mainly of the counts’ nancial administration before the Burgundian period. Also included are personal documents and records concerning property, competences and the administration of the county. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1441–1537 : Germany, the Netherlands : Dutch

Relevant are three items concerning the relations between Holland and the Hanseatic League: • •

•

235: Register Foedera of documents regarding the conicts with the Hanseatic towns and other matters, 1441–1449 (1 volume). 966: Act of agreement between the elders of the German Hanse in Utrecht and Duke Philip concerning the toll tarriffs at Geervliet and Gouda for twelve years, 1455 (1 charter and 1 piece). 970: Act of extension of the truce between Holland and Lübeck, 1533, vidimus 1537 (1 quire).

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Accessibility J.C. Kort, “Inventaris van het archief van de Graven van Holland, 1189–1581 (ca. 1650)” (1981), with an extensive introduction in Dutch; also available online at the repository’s website.

Court of Holland Record group Court of Holland Hof van Holland Reference code Period Extent

: 3.03.01.01 : 1428–1811 : 10356 items, 592.60 metres

Abstract This collection consists of the administration of the Court of Holland. The material contains memorandum books, resolutions, correspondence, requests, and the administration of civil, criminal and voluntary justice, such as rolls and registers of sentences. Also included are documents left by councillors and ministers of the Court. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1428–1811 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are mainly the memorandum books (memorialen), which include notes on events of an administrative and legal nature (items 1–266 and 4976–5125). Item 8 is a memorandum book specically regarding cases involving Oosterlingen and other foreign affairs, dating from 1438–1442. Nos. 266a–269 are indices. Besides these, (information on) cases involving persons from the Baltic Sea region or merchants and skippers from the Netherlands may be included in the Court’s correspondence with various authorities and courts, requests, rolls concerning “large” and “small” cases, sentences in civil and criminal cases, administration of voluntary justice, case les and the administration of criminal justice. All these items have various numbers due to the restructuring of the collection.

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Accessibility J. Bos-Rops, “Inventaris van het archief van het Hof van Holland” (1982), 2 volumes. Indices are available of the memorandum books and the civil and criminal sentences. The indices of the memorandum books (4 volumes) are ordered alphabetically on personal names and sometimes on place names. The indices on the civil sentences mainly concern cases regarding water management and some other matters. The indices on the criminal sentences are on personal names, but not alphabetically. All are available in the reading room, reference code: 3.03.01.01. Record creator / provenance The Court of Holland was the highest judicial body of the province of Holland, but cases could be appealed against before the Supreme Court, which was originally intended to be a central court for the Republic. The Supreme Court was not acknowledged outside of Holland and Zeeland, however, and thus the competences of the two courts overlapped in certain areas, which occassionally led to conicts. Copies The memorandum books (inv. nos. 1–268) are available on microlm in the self-service reading room. Related materials •

Civil case les belonging to the archives of the Court of Holland, 1564–1810: Series I and II (reference code: 3.03.01.04).

Cuperus Collection Record group Cuperus Collection Collectie Cuperus Reference code : 1.10.24 Period : 1625–1751 Extent : 16 items, 1.05 metres

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Abstract This collection consists of sixteen volumes of copies of various documents compiled by Gijsbert Cuper. These volumes mainly contain correspondence, both domestic and foreign, and both from Cuper himself and between others, including sovereigns. Also included are notes, poems and speeches. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1625–1751 : Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : various languages

Most of the sixteen volumes are relevant, excluding nos. 7, 8 and 12. They include correspondence with and between kings, princes, government bodies, ofcials, envoys and private individuals from around the Baltic Sea region from the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. Some volumes also include poems and speeches written for kings. The collector, Cuper, had a special interest in Sweden: a large part of the correspondence originates from or was sent to this country. Accessibility “Inventaris van het archief van de collectie Cuperus”. Record creator / provenance Gijsbert Cuper (1644–1716) was a professor of Classics and a vice-chancellor at the Athenaeum in Deventer.

De Mortaigne Family Record group De Mortaigne Family Familie De Mortaigne Reference code : 1.10.92 Period : 1642–1761 Extent : 66 items, 0.23 metres

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Abstract This record group consists of miscellaneous papers deriving from various members of the De Mortaigne family. The papers chiey include correspondence and deeds. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1642–1703 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, French, High German, Latin

Relevant items are all related to particular family members and include the following: CASPAR CORNELIS DE MORTAIGNE •

•

2: Paper concerning a payment by the Brandenburg payment ofce to the heirs of Caspar Cornelis de Mortaigne for military goods purchased by him, 1650 (1 piece). 3: Deeds through which Christina of Sweden and Count Carl Gustaf remunerate Caspar Cornelis de Mortaigne and his heirs for his military services, 1642–1653 (1 quire).

JOHAN BERTRAM DE MORTAIGNE •

•

11–15: Papers concerning Johan Bertram de Mortaigne’s sojourns in Münster and contacts with the bishop there as commissaris van onderzoek (commissioner of investigation), 1670 (5 pieces). 17–24: Correspondence of Johan Bertram with his brother Barthold (at several places in Sweden), Swedish envoy Bengt Greve Oxenstierna (at Nijmegen) and grand pensionary Gaspar Fagel, concerning personal matters, the Dutch Republic’s stand with regard to the Danish-Swedish war, the sending of arms to Denmark and the possibility of Johan Bertram becoming a Swedish envoy, 1676–1679 (8 pieces, all in French).

JOHAN DIDERICK DE MORTAIGNE •

38: Extract from resoluties (proceedings) of the States of Holland with regard to ending the exile from Holland of Johan Diderick de Mortaigne on request of the Swedish envoy, 1667 (2 pieces).

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JOHAN BERTRAM DE MONTAIGNE II •

43–45: Deeds pertaining to Johan Bertram de Montaigne II’s career in the Swedish army, 1701–1703 (3 pieces, all in German).

Accessibility Inventory (in Dutch), with introduction, genealogical tree and index on personal and geographical names (1988). Record creator / provenance Many members of the De Mortaigne family held high governmental and military ofces. Casper Cornelis served the Swedish army when he died in 1647. His brother Johan Bertram (d. 1697) spent part of his career as diplomat and, with his brother Barthold, was possibly involved in the sending of arms during the Swedish-Danish war. Johan Bertram’s son, Johan Bertram II (d. 1730), served in the Dutch as well as the Swedish army. Johan Diderick was a son of Casper Cornelis. Custodial history These family papers were originally part of the town archives of Haarlem and the archives of the Gedeputeerden van Haarlem ter Dagvaart (Convened Representatives of Haarlem in the States of Holland). It is not clear how the papers ended up among those records. Around 1988, these materials have been put together in one record group.

De Ruyter Collection Record group De Ruyter Collection Collectie De Ruyter Reference code : 1.10.72.01 Period : 1633–1683 Extent : 248 items, 3.54 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of Michiel Adriaenzoon de Ruyter, his son Engel and his son-in-law Jean de Witte. The material includes logs,

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correspondence and books of acts regarding their numerous voyages. Also included are some documents of Michiel Kint, captain in the national eet, and Joris Andrina, secretary of the national eet. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1656–1683 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Danish, Dutch, Latin

Relevant are the logs concerning voyages to the Sound and the Baltic Sea, which provide information on the navigation to this region, and the missives sent and received by De Ruyter on these voyages. Also important are the patent of nobility received by De Ruyter from the Danish king, and correspondence with Denmark. DE RUYTER AS COMMANDER AND ADMIRAL IN THE REPUBLIC’S SERVICE •

•

• • •

•

•

7: Log kept by De Ruyter as commander of the eet sent to the Sound to protect the Baltic Sea in the war between Sweden and Poland, 1656 (1 volume). 10, 11: Log kept by De Ruyter as commander of a squadron sent to the Baltic Sea to assist Denmark in its war with Sweden, 1659–1660 (2 volumes). 24–39: Registers of outgoing missives of De Ruyter, and acts, resolutions and sentences of the court martial, 1652–1675 (16 volumes). 62: Missive of the Amsterdam Admiralty, received by Michiel de Ruyter on his voyage to the Sound, 1656 (1 piece). 69: Missives of the States General, the Amsterdam Admiralty, representatives of the States General at the courts of Denmark and Sweden, the king of Denmark, the eld marshall of Denmark, etc., received by De Ruyter on his voyage to the Baltic Sea, 1658–1660 (159 pieces). 74: Accounts of the debts of De Ruyter and other ofcers of the eet to the Amsterdam Admiralty for costs made by them at the expense of the States General, 1659–1660 (14 pieces). 149: Communication of the Danish admiral Adeler regarding the measuring of ships by lasts, 1673 (1 piece).

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MATTERS OF A PERSONAL NATURE •

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• •

180: Patent of nobility by King Frederik III of Denmark for vice admiral De Ruyter, with translation, act in which he is promised a pension of 2000 guilders a year, 1663 (1 charter and 4 pieces). 182: Letters from Denmark, from the Danish minister, admiral and steward of the king, and others, regarding the payment of De Ruyter’s pension, sending his portrait to the king, etc., 1660–1671 (18 pieces). 183: Letters by Prince Willem III, Count Maurits of Nassau, the king of Denmark and the elector of Brandenburg, 1661–1675 (6 pieces). 188: Const der Zeevaert, register with notes of a mathematical and nautical nature, undated (1 volume).

ENGEL DE RUYTER •

200: Log by Engel de Ruyter as rear admiral, having travelled to Copenhagen by land, commanding the vessel Delft during the crusade in the Baltic Sea as part of the squadron led by vice admiral Cornelis Evertsen in 1676, etc., 1676–1677 (1 volume).

JEAN DE WITTE •

222: Log by Lucan Wichman, on board the vessel Woerden, commanded by Jean de Witte, during a crusade in the North Sea, sent to spy on the combined Danish-French eet and to sail to Gothenburg, 1683 (1 volume) (the ship wrecked on its return voyage and Jean de Witte and his son drowned).

Accessibility Th. Morren, “Inventaris van het archief van M.A. de Ruyter [levensjaren 1607–1676] en enige verwanten, 1633–1676 (1694); M. Kint, 1672–1678; J. Andringa [overleden 1676], 1671–1674” (1896); also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance Michiel Adriaenzoon de Ruyter (1607–1676) was a sea ofcer and admiral, and the most famous naval hero of the Netherlands. He played an important role in the rst three Anglo-Dutch wars, was active in wars in the Baltic Sea, and fought against piracy in the Mediterranean. He not only served in the national eet, but also sailed for private shipowners

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and even had his own whaling company for a while. His son, Engel de Ruyter (1649–1683), also served as a sea ofcer in the national eet and made it to vice admiral. Jean de Witte was Michiel de Ruyter’s son-in-law and was employed by the admiralty as scal of the eet and as captain. Michiel Kint was also a captain serving in the national marine, and Joris Andringa was eet secretary. Related materials •

•

Collection De Ruyter, Supplement (reference code: 1.10.72.02), inv. no. 6: act of elevation of Michiel de Ruyter to the Danish nobility (translation), 1660 (1 piece). Admiralty Boards XXVI, Collection Sweers (reference code 1.01.47.16), inv. no. 4: including a log kept by captain Sweers on the vessel Coevorden to the Sound, 1659–1660.

De Witt-Beyerman Family Record group De Witt-Beyerman Family Familie De Witt-Beyerman Reference code : 3.20.66.01 Period : 1635–1730 Extent : 18 items, 1.00 metres Abstract This collection consists of a few items from the De Witt family. They include genealogical information, two reports of diplomatic missions, documents regarding the imprisonment of Jacob de Witt, a register of Cornelis de Witt, mainly including letters, a few separate items of correspondence of Cornelis de Witt, a register of receipts and expenses of Johan de Witt, and some laudatory poems in praise of the De Witt brothers written after their death in 1672. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1635–1645 : Denmark, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch

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Relevant are the reports of two diplomatic missions to Sweden and Denmark, and to Poland, Sweden and Denmark respectively. • •

2: Verbaal (report) of Jacob de Witt as extraordinary ambassador to Sweden and Denmark (copy), 1644–1645 (1 volume). 18: Verbaal of Van de Honaert, Bicker and Andrée on a diplomatic mission to Poland, Sweden and Denmark (copy), 1635 (1 volume).

Accessibility “Inventaris van het archief van de familie De Witt”. Record creator / provenance Jacob de Witt (1589–1674) studied at Leiden university, before becoming treasurer at the Dordt Synod in 1618. He served as burgomaster of Dordrecht six times and went on a diplomatic mission to Sweden and Denmark in 1644. As a delegate of Dordrecht, he was a member of the States of Holland and opposed stadtholder Willem II. Willem conducted a coup after the Peace of Münster, when his adversaries suggested to discard of troops. Jacob de Witt and ve other prominent States’ members were arrested. De Witt was released six weeks later. From 1657 he was councillor and auditor of The Hague. After the murder of his sons pensionary Johan de Witt and Cornelis de Witt, he left The Hague and died two years later in Dordrecht. Related materials •

Johan de Witt, Pensionary of Holland (reference code: 3.01.17).

Department of Marine, Sea Atlases and Maps Collection Record group Department of Marine, Sea Atlases and Maps Collection Departement van Marine, Zee-atlassen en Kaartenverzameling Reference code : 4.MCAL Period : 17th–19th centuries Extent : 5994 items

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Abstract This collection consists of the maps and atlases collected by the Ministery of Marine. The material includes atlases and sea, coast and river maps of Europe and the rest of the world as well as a small number of land, military, hydraulic, statistical and administrative maps and some celestial, magnetic and wind charts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1600–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : various languages

This is by far the most important and voluminous collection of the National Archives as far as the Baltic Sea region is concerned. Relevant materials are much too numerous to be described here in detail. In addition to various printed atlases containing relevant maps, the following series concern Baltic Sea trade: • • • • • •

28–42: Sea coast of Europe. 122–191: North Sea. 272–284: Sweden and Norway. 285–307: Denmark. 657–694: Sound, Skagerrak and Belt. 695–865: Baltic Sea.

Most of these maps are printed. Some of the materals date from the nineteenth century. Accessibility A detailed inventory is found in: Catalogus van de verzameling van kaarten van het Ministerie van Marine (The Hague, 1872). Visually attractive The collection includes numerous visually attractive maps, most of them printed and often coloured.

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Ill. 15. Details of several maps, depicting aspects of trade in the Baltic Sea region, including commodities such as grain and fur, and a view of Stockholm, late 17th or 18th century, mostly produced by Johannes van Keulen at Amsterdam. National Archives of the Netherlands (The Hague): “Department of Marine, Sea Atlases and Maps Collection” (reference code: 4.MCAL), nos. 663, 695, 697, 701–703, 708, 709.

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Diplomatic Mission Denmark Record group Diplomatic Mission Denmark Legatie Denemarken Reference code : 1.02.12 Period : 1658–1810 Extent : 183 items, 2.43 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of various envoys active at the Danish court between 1729 and 1810. It contains correspondence with the States General and other authorities in the Netherlands and abroad, and with diplomats stationed elsewhere, and documents regarding details of the diplomatic missions, internal and foreign Danish affairs (including trade and shipping), the protection of the interests of Dutch individuals and private matters. Finally, some records from the Dutch Reformed Congregation in Copenhagen are included. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1658–1800 : Denmark, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Items 1–160 consist of the papers of various Dutch envoys in Denmark before 1800. Most of the material is relevant, since it concerns diplomatic relations between the Republic and Denmark. Papers of particular relevance are listed here. GILLIS COYMANS • • •

9: Incoming letters from the directors of Baltic trade and shipping at Amsterdam, 1730–1736 (1 folder). 11–13: Incoming letters from Dutch commissioners and consuls in Denmark, 1729–1755 (1 bundle and 2 folders). 17: Incoming letters from merchants and shipowners at Amsterdam, 1732–1755 (1 folder).

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18: Incoming letters from a merchant from Rotterdam, 1735 (1 piece). 25: Extracts from documents concerning a dispute regarding shipping through the Sound, 1723–1724 (1 piece). 30: List of Sound toll dues, c. 1730 (1 piece). 31: Documents regarding the conclusion of a convention between Denmark and the Republic, 1731 (2 pieces). 38: Notes of Coymans regarding shipping through the Sound, c. 1729 (2 pieces). 40–53: Various documents regarding the interests of Dutch men and women, living or working in Sweden, or with relations there, 1719–1757 (1 bundle, 10 pieces, 1 charter and 6 folders). 54: Documents regarding the lands of the Trip and Coymans families in Halland, 1658, 1662, 1707 (1 folder).

CHARLES FRANÇOIS BOSC DE LA CALMETTE • •

•

65: Incoming memorandum of the General Toll Chamber and Board of Commerce of Denmark, with appendices, 1770 (3 pieces). 82: Documents regarding the convention of armed neutrality (or neutral merchant shipping) between Russia, Denmark, Sweden and the Republic, 1780–1782 (1 bundle). 83–97: Various documents regarding the protection of the interests of Dutch individuals, 1758–1779 (12 folders and 4 pieces).

VAN RECHTEREN, VAN DER GOES, DE CONINCK, FAGEL AND BANGEMAN HUYGENS •

98–102: Copybooks of outgoing letters, 1782–1796 (5 volumes).

CHRISTIAAN DIEDERIK EMERENS JOHAN BANGEMAN HUYGENS •

131: Documents regarding the shipwreck on Läe Sjö of the Dutch vessel Concordia, 1794–1795 (1 folder).

Accessibility “Inventaris van het archief van de Legatie in Denemarken [1605–1810], 1658–1810” (1994); also available online at the repository’s website.

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Related materials •

Collection Van Spaen (reference: code 1.10.77.01), inv. no. 295: Extract resolutions of the States General with appendices regarding an agreement with Russia, Sweden and Denmark, to protect trade and shipping, 1780–1781 (14 pieces).

Publications •

Pennings, J.C.M., and Theo H.P.M. Thomassen (eds.), Archieven van Nederlandse gezanten en consuls tot 1813, Vol. 1, Overgedragen archieven van gezanten en consuls in de christelijke wereld (The Hague, 1994); including the inventory of this collection on pp. 279–291, and a list of Dutch ships conscated by Denmark (belonging to inv. no. 40) on pp. 292–295.

Diplomatic Mission German Emperor Record group Diplomatic Mission German Emperor Legatie Duitse Keizer Reference code : 1.02.05 Period : 1699–1807 Extent : 243 items, 12.67 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of various evoys at the court of the German Emperor in Vienna between 1700 and 1807. It includes reports (verbalen) of the envoys and the most important pieces of correspondence and other documents they received from the States General and other authorities in the Netherlands and abroad, as well as from other diplomats. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1699–1810 : Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands : Dutch, High German

Documents regarding trade may be found throughout the collection, but these will mainly concern inland, rather than sea trade. Item 118 consists

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of a letter from the resident at Denmark, 1747 (1 piece). Items 214–242 concern the period from 1800 onward. Accessibility J.C.M. Pennings and Theo H.P.M. Thomassen (eds.), “Inventaris van het archief van de Legatie bij de Duitse Keizer, 1699–1807” (1994); also available online at the repository’s website. Part of the records of envoy Jacob Jan Hamel Bruijnincx is available on microlm. Related materials • •

Coenraad van Heemskerck (reference code: 1.02.01). Bruijnincx (reference code: 1.02.02).

Publications •

•

Pennings, J.C.M., and Theo H.P.M. Thomassen (eds.), Archieven van Nederlandse gezanten en consuls tot 1813, Vol. 1, Overgedragen archieven van gezanten en consuls in de christelijke wereld (The Hague, 1994); including the inventory of this collection on pp. 219–228. Antal, G. von, and J.C.H. de Pater (eds.), Weensche Gezantschapsberichten van 1679–1720 (The Hague, 1929–1934); containing much of the correspondence.

Diplomatic Mission Lower Saxony Kreits and Hanseatic Towns Record group Diplomatic Mission Lower Saxony Kreits and Hanseatic Towns Legatie Nedersaksische Kreits en Hanzesteden Reference code : 1.02.09 Period : 1795–1809 Extent : 91 items, 0.84 metres Abstract This record group consists of the archives of the Hamburg-based Dutch envoys Balthasar Elias Abbema (items 1–39) and Johan Godard Reinhold (items 40–91). Virtually all material comprises correspondence.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1795–1809 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, High German, Low German

All materials are relevant with regard to diplomacy in the Baltic Sea region. They include correspondence with authorities in the Netherlands (such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs), Dutch envoys elsewhere, authorities in Hanseatic towns, envoys from other foreign powers in these towns, and private persons in the Netherlands and Hanseatic towns. The following items may deserve special mention: BALTHASAR ELIAS ABBEMA (1795–1800) • • • • • •

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5: Letter from H. Duntze, Dutch consul at Bremen, 1797–1798 (1 folder). 10: Letters from Mr. Sturler at Berlin and V.T.H. Legemme at Ritzbüttel, both paid correspondents, 1796–1797 (1 folder). 11–17: Letters from various authorities in Bremen, Hamburg and Lübeck, 1795–1799 (6 folders and 1 bundle). 19–24: Letters from foreign envoys in Hanseatic towns, including envoys from Denmark, Prussia and Sweden, 1796–1798 (6 folders). 27–29: Letters from private persons in the Netherlands, including several merchants, 1796–1798 (3 folders). 30–32: Letters from private persons in Hanseatic towns, including Bremen (E. Vollmers, H. de Meinertshagen), Hamburg (P. Magito, J. van der rest, L. Sablon) and Lübeck (Montmorency Robecq), 1796–1798 (3 folders). 33: Letters from other private persons, including people at Altona, Osnabrück, Glückstad, Ritzbüttel and Kiel, 1795–1798 (1 folder).

JOHAN GODARD REINHOLD (1800–1809) • • • •

73: Letters from Dutch envoys, including H. Fasmer at Hamburg and J.H. de Veer and Mr. Duntze at Bremen, 1799–1807 (1 folder). 74–79: Letters from various authorities in Bremen, Hamburg, Oldenburg and Lübeck, 1801–1809 (6 folders). 84: Letters from the court of the Duke of Schleswig-Holstein at Altona, 1807–1808 (1 folder). 85: Letters from various merchants at Amsterdam, 1806–1809 (1 folder).

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88: Register of certicates concerning merchandise shipped from Hamburg and Altona to the Netherlands, 1797–1809 (1 volume). 89–90: Crew lists of various vessels, 1794–1809 (2 folders).

Accessibility Inventory in J.C.M. Pennings and Th.H.P.M. Thomassen (eds.), Nederlandse gezanten en consuls tot 1813: overgedragen archieven van gezanten in de Christelijke wereld (The Hague, 1994), pp. 269–272. Record creator / provenance Between 1617 and 1809, the Dutch States General had a permanent representative in the Hanseatic towns, who resided at Hamburg from 1619 onward and who was also accredited at Lübeck, Bremen (from 1708) and the Lower Saxony Kreits (from 1733). Balthasar Elias Abbema functioned as Minister Plenipotentiary between 1795 and 1800, but was not recognised by the Lower Saxony Kreits. He was succeeded by the chargé d’affaires Johan Godard Reinhold, Abbema’s former secretary. Custodial history The archives of Abbema’s and Reinhold’s predecessors are lost. Because of the great political changes in the Dutch Republic in 1795, the then Dutch envoy Hartsinck refused to hand over the records to his successor and instead gave them to the British envoy. Since then they have vanished without a trace, despite efforts of Reinhold in 1810 to have the records returned. Related materials •

Envoyship Hanseatic Towns, 1795–1841 (Legatie Hanzesteden, 1795– 1841, reference code: 2.05.10.06).

Diplomatic Mission Russia Record group Diplomatic Mission Russia Legatie Rusland Reference code : 1.02.13 Period : 1710–1810 Extent : 232 items, 4.29 metres

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Abstract This collection consists of the papers of various envoys stationed in Russia between 1720 and 1810. It contains reports (verbalen) and correspondence with the States General and other authorities in the Netherlands and abroad, and with diplomats stationed elsewhere, and documents regarding the interests of merchants in Archangel and other individuals. Also included are some documents from the Dutch Reformed Congregation in St. Petersburg. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1681–1806 : Estonia, Latvia, Russia, the Netherlands : various languages

Items 1–189 consist of the papers of envoys stationed in Russia before 1800. Most of the material is relevant as it concerns relations between the Republic and Russia. Particularly relevant are the papers listed below. WILLEM DE WILDE •

5: File concerning claims regarding the burning of ve Dutch vessels near Helsingør by Russian troups, 1714–1724 (1 folder).

MARCELLUS DE SWART •

• • • • •

43: Incoming documents from correspondents in Amsterdam, including correspondence from the Directors of Baltic trade and shipping, 1738–1754 (1 bundle). 56: Incoming documents from correspondents in Moscow, 1747–1754 (1 folder). 57: Incoming documents from correspondents in St. Petersburg, 1749–1754 (1 folder). 59: Incoming documents from correspondents in other towns in the Baltic provinces of Russia (Tallinn, Pärnu, Tartu), 1744–1752 (1 folder). 67: Conventions of the Dutch merchants in Archangel with those in St. Petersburg, 1708–1741 (1 folder). 74–82: Various documents regarding the interests of Dutch men and women living or working in Russia, or with relations there, 1702–1759 (9 folders).

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DANIEL DE DIEU • • • • •

85: File concerning the release for the Dutch from the need to quarter in Riga, 1713–1743 (1 folder). 86: File regarding a ban on the sale of goods bought by foreign merchants, issued by the Riga magistrates, 1728–1744 (1 folder). 87: File regarding the payment of an excise on wine imported by Dutch merchants, 1730–1731 (1 folder). 88: Documents concerning trade negotiations with the Russian committee of commerce, 1731 (1 folder) (missing at the time of research). 92: File regarding the ban on the export of gold, silver and coins by Riga merchants, 1744 (1 folder).

JACOB DANIEL VAN MEINERTSHAGEN • • •

99: Correspondence with private individuals in Russia, 1761–1762 (1 folder). 101: File regarding trade barriers in Narva, 1681–1761 (1 folder). 104: File regarding harbour improvements in Narva, 1761–1762 (1 folder).

JOOST GODEFROY, COUNT OF RECHTEREN • •

112: Correspondence with De Vries & sons in Kronstadt, 1768 (1 folder). 116–118: Various documents regarding the interests of individuals, 1762–1769 (2 folders and 1 piece).

JOHAN ISAAC DE SWART • • • • • •

136: Incoming documents from private individuals in the Republic, 1776–1783 (1 folder). 138: Incoming letter from Johan van Horsten & son and H. Bosch in St. Petersburg, 1782 (1 piece). 139: File concerning the renewal of the treaty of commerce between Russia and the Republic, 1710–1780, with retroacts (1 folder). 141: File regarding claims of Andries Pels & son in Amsterdam on the Russian Crown concerning the supply of tar, 1757–1774 (1 folder). 146: File regarding the bankruptcy of the Blom, Van Zanten & company rm in St. Petersburg, 1776 (1 folder). 147: File regarding a dispute between Jan Gerritz & company and Lambert Harwig in St. Petersburg, 1776 (1 folder).

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149: File regarding a claim by an Amsterdam merchants on three Pärnu burghers, 1780–1784 (1 folder). 151: Account of the Russian vessel St-Elias, captained by Cornelis Jurgens, 1784 (1 piece). 152: Documents regarding a claim of an Amsterdam rm on a Russian merchant, 1785 (1 folder).

CHRISTIAAN ALBRECHT, COUNT OF RECHTEREN •

159: Authorisation to start negotiations to renew the treaty of commerce between the Republic and Russia, and other documents regarding this, 1787 (1 folder).

JAN WILLEM, BARON DE HUGGUER • • •

172: Correspondence with Dutch private individuals in Russia, 1791–1792 (1 folder). 173: Correspondence with Dutch private individuals in the Republic, 1791–1793 (1 folder). 181–184: Various documents regarding the interests of individuals, 1786–1793 (1 bundle and 2 folders).

CARL JOHAN BAGGE (CONSUL AT ST. PETERSBURG) • •

185: Copybook of outgoing letters, 1791–1806 (1 volume). 188: Incoming documents from private individuals, 1791–1801 (1 folder).

Accessibility Theo Thomassen, et al., “Inventaris van het archief van de Legatie in Rusland, (1710) 1720–1810” (1994); also available online at the repository’s website. Publications •

Pennings, J.C.M., and Theo H.P.M. Thomassen (eds.), Archieven van Nederlandse gezanten en consuls tot 1813, Vol. 1, Overgedragen archieven van gezanten en consuls in de christelijke wereld (The Hague, 1994); including the inventory of this collection on pp. 297–309.

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Diplomatic Mission Sweden, Prussia, Poland and Saxony Record group Diplomatic Mission Sweden, Prussia, Poland and Saxony Legatie Zweden, Pruisen, Polen en Saksen Reference code : 1.02.07 Period : 1675–1810 Extent : 408 items, 6.53 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of various envoys at the Swedish court from 1674 to 1806. It contains correspondence with the States General and other Dutch authorities, documents regarding details of the diplomatic missions, internal Swedish affairs, diplomatic relations, nances, trade and shipping, and the protection of the interests of individuals. Also included are deposited archives from some envoys in Prussia, Poland and Saxonia from 1723 to 1810. These contain correspondence and documents regarding political and trade matters and the interests of individuals. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1675–1801 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

ENVOYS IN SWEDEN Items 1–251 consist of the papers of various envoys in Sweden. Most of the material is relevant since it concerns diplomatic relations between Sweden and the Republic. Particularly relevant papers are listed below. Christiaan Constantijn Rumpf • •

15: Documents regarding trade and shipping between Sweden and the Republic in the Scanian War, 1675–1697 (3 pieces). 19: Documents concerning fourteen Swedish merchant vessels that were captured and brought to the Republic in 1690 and 1691, and the

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reimbursements paid for these in accordance with the 1691 convention, 1690–1693 (1 folder). 28–32: Various documents regarding finances, trade and shipping, 1675–1703 (10 pieces and 1 folder). 34–41: Various documents regarding the interests of individual Dutch men and women living or working in Sweden or with relations there, 1679–1706 (8 pieces and 5 folders).

Hendrik Willem Rumpf •

• • • •

65: Documents regarding a Swedish vessel captured and brought to Groningen in 1704 and declared deserted by the States General in 1708, 1708 (2 pieces). 66: Documents regarding (mostly Dutch) ships captured and brought to Sweden, 1710–1714, 1730 (1 folder). 67: File concerning vessels of neutral powers captured by Denmark, 1710–1711 (1 folder). 73–77: Various documents regarding finances, trade and shipping, 1708–1738 (2 pieces and 3 folders). 78–88: Various documents regarding the protection of the interests of individuals, 1698–1741 (2 pieces and 9 folders).

Gert (van) Rumpf • •

94: Copies of outgoing letters to the burgomasters of Amsterdam, 1744–1746 (1 folder). 108: Documents regarding the claims of former collector-general G. van Hogendorp on the Polish Crown, 1746, 1748, with retroacts, 1727–1731 (1 bundle).

Lodewijk van Marteville •

119–122: Various documents regarding the protection of the interests of individuals, 1754–1760 (4 folders).

Hendrik Baron van Kretschmar •

138–144: Various documents regarding international relations, trade and shipping (some of which concern relations outside Europe), 1763–1767 (5 pieces and 2 folders).

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145–148: Various documents regarding the protection of the interests of individuals, 1764–1765 (2 folders and 2 pieces).

Dirk Wouter Baron of Lynden • •

160: Documents regarding Swedish imports and exports, c. 1778, 1781 (2 pieces). 162–164: Various documents regarding the protection of the interests of individuals, 1777–1781 (2 pieces and 1 folder).

Jan Carel Baron Van der Borch, Lord of Langendreer •

175: File regarding the claim of two merchants on burgomaster Dreyer of Stockholm, executor of the rm Dreyer & Sipri, 1790–1794 (1 folder).

Anthony Boldewijn Gijsbert Baron Van Dedem van Gelder •

197: Documents regarding ships’ protests necessary for the import of goods into the Batavian Republic, 1797 (1 folder).

Willem Buys •

233–237: Documents regarding the protection of the interests of individuals, 1788–1801 (5 pieces and 3 folders).

N.N. •

249: Documents regarding a claim of an Amsterdam sailor on a Stralsund skipper, undated (2 pieces).

DEPOSITED ARCHIVES OF RUMPF AND VAN MARTEVILLE AS ENVOYS IN PRUSSIA, POLAND AND SAXONY Items 252–340 consist of the deposited archives of Carel Rumpf and Lodewijk van Marteville regarding their diplomatic missions in Prussia, Poland and Saxony from 1723 to 1752, before becoming envoys in Sweden. Most of the material is relevant, since it concerns diplomatic relations between the Republic and Poland and Prussia. Particularly relevant papers are listed below.

national archives of the netherlands • •

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263–267: Documents regarding the interests of Dutch merchants in Königsberg, 1723–1727 (5 folders). 271: Documents regarding a dispute between the owner of a vessel cast ashore on the island of Usedom and the Prussian State, 1724 (2 pieces). 272: Passport for the captain and helmsman of a ship wrecked near Memel, 1725 (1 piece). 273: Notes concerning the kidnapping near Lübeck of a Swedish merchant by Prussians, undated (1 piece). 316: Copies of resolutions and newsletters regarding the conict between the Republic and Denmark concerning shipping without restrictions to Iceland and the Faroer Islands, 1741, and the convoying of Dutch ships in the Baltic Sea during the Swedish-Russian War, 1742 (1 folder). 371–319: Various documents concerning the protection of the interests of individuals, 1735–1739 (2 folders and 1 piece).

Accessibility J.C.M. Pennings and Theo H.P.M. Thomassen (eds.), “Inventaris van de archieven van de Legaties in Zweden, Pruisen, Polen en Saksen, 1674–1810” (1994); also available online at the repository’s website. Publications •

Pennings, J.C.M., and Theo H.P.M. Thomassen (eds.), Archieven van Nederlandse gezanten en consuls tot 1813, Vol. 1, Overgedragen archieven van gezanten en consuls in de christelijke wereld (The Hague, 1994); including the inventory of this collection on pp. 231–257.

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Documents Originating from the Ofcials of the Central Administration during the Government of Charles V Deposited at the Charter Room of Holland Record group Documents Originating from the Ofcials of the Central Administration during the Government of Charles V Deposited at the Charter Room of Holland Stukken afkomstig van Ambtenaren van het Centraal Bestuur tijdens de Regering van Karel V gedeponeerd ter Charterkamer van Holland Reference code : 3.01.02 Period : 1243–1554 Extent : 1233 items, 3.50 metres Abstract This collection consists of the records regarding the administration of the Northern Netherlands from the central government in Brussels at the time of Charles V, which were deposited in the charter room of Holland. It contains documents of a general nature, such as correspondence, minutes and memorandums, and documents regarding particular matters, such as the Guelders wars and the involvement of the central government with Holland, Zeeland, Friesland, Utrecht, Overijssel, Groningen, Drenthe, EastFriesland, the Southern Netherlands, the German Empire, Denmark and the Hanseatic League. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1508–1550 : Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, Low German, various languages

Relevant are a letter about problems regarding trade in the Baltic Sea and various documents concerning the conicts between King Christian II of Denmark and the Hanseatic League and the Dutch involvement in this.

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INVOLVEMENT OF THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT CONCERNING HOLLAND States of Holland •

77: Letter by the States of Holland to the count of Hooghstraten as stadtholder regarding, among other things, problems concerning trade in the Baltic Sea, 1523 (1 piece).

INVOLVEMENT OF THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT CONCERNING KING CHRISTIAN II OF DENMARK AND THE HANSEATIC LEAGUE Christian II before his arrival in the Netherlands •

1009–1021: Various documents regarding pleas for help from Christian II concerning his problems in Denmark and with the Hanse, aid by Charles V to Christian II, etc., 1519–1523 (1 folder, 12 pieces and 1 charter).

The Hanse before Christian’s arrival in the Netherlands • • •

•

1023: Report of the Amsterdam secretary concerning his voyage to Denmark commissioned by the governess, 1508 (1 piece). 1024: Documents regarding complaints of the Oosterlingen regarding the packaging of Dutch herring, 1515 and 1517 (2 pieces). 1025: Request of the Hanseatic merchants staying in the Netherlands to the governess for a postponement of the planned trials until the negotiations are concluded, 1520 (1 piece). 1026: Letter by the council of Lübeck to the council of Amsterdam regarding the war between the Hanse and King Christian II of Denmark, 1522 (2 pieces).

Christian II during his stay in the Netherlands •

1028–1109: Various documents regarding Christian II’s stay in the Netherlands, aid demanded by him or provided by Charles V, the governess, Holland, the Dutch towns, etc., concerning his attempts to regain his kingdom, 1523–1532 and undated. Of particular interest is:

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* 1059: Act of privilege granted by Christian II of Denmark to Amsterdam and the inhabitants of Holland regarding free trade in Danish waters and tolls, 1531, copy (1 piece). The Hanseatic towns during Christian’s stay in the Netherlands •

1110–1179: Various documents concerning relations with the Hanseatic League during Christian II’s stay in the Netherlands, 1517–1531. Of particular interest are: * 1110: Letter by the town of Gdansk to governess Margaret of Austria regarding the war with Christian II and the possibilities to conduct mutual trade nonetheless, 1523 (1 piece). * 1113: Letter by a merchant of Lübeck to the council of that town regarding goods conscated by Christian II in 1522, 1523 (1 piece). * 1129: Memorandum by the six large towns of Holland to the governess not to take action against Lübeck so as not to destroy trade in the Baltic completely, 1525 (?) (1 piece). * 1166: Letter by Frederick of Schleswig-Holstein to the governess regarding damages done to merchants from Holland without his knowledge, 1526 (1 piece). * 1176: Letter by the king of Poland to the governess regarding problems arisen between burghers from Gdansk and Dordrecht because of the war between the Hanse and Christian II, c. 1527 (2 pieces). * 1179: Memorandum of a testimony given by a sailor before burgomasters and aldermen of Amsterdam regarding an attack of Hamburg pirates near the island of Terschelling, 1531 (?) (1 piece).

Christian II after his departure from the Netherlands •

1180–1190: Various documents regarding debts left by Christian II in the Netherlands, the capture of Christian II and the management of goods left by him, mainly the goods brought to the Netherlands by the bishop of Trondheim, 1533–1548 and undated.

The Hanseatic towns and Denmark after the departure of Christian II •

1191–1233: Various documents regarding the relations with the Hanseatic League and Denmark after Christian’s departure from the Netherlands, 1532–1550. Of particular interest are:

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1401

* 1196: Letter by several representatives of the Emperor to the governess regarding their incapability to undertake anything against the trade barriers in the Baltic Sea ports, 1533 (1 piece). * 1205: Report by Pieter van Sinte Pieters regarding his meeting with the burgomasters of Amsterdam concerning the protection of merchant ships against Lübeck, 1533 (1 piece). * 1211: Report by Johan Tucher regarding his mission in the Baltic Sea region, 1534 (1 piece). Accessibility “Inventaris van stukken afkomstig van het Centraal Bestuur tijdens de regering van Karel V gedeponeerd ter Charterkamer van Holland”. The originals of this collection can no longer be consulted; the entire collection has been put on microlm (see under “Copies”). Record creator / provenance These documents originate from the ofcials of the general administration of the Burgundian/Habsburg Netherlands in Brussels. Most of these were deposited in the charter room of Holland after 1552. Copies The entire collection has been put on microlm (reference code: 3.01.02.01).

Dutch East India Company Record group Dutch East India Company Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie Reference code : 1.04.02 Period : (1597–) 1602–1795 (–1811) Extent : 14933 items, 1243 metres Abstract These are the archives of the board of directors (Heeren XVII, Gentlemen XVII) of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and its six ofces (kamers, chambers) in the Dutch Republic, located in Amsterdam, Zeeland (Middel-

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burg), Delft, Rotterdam, Hoorn and Enkhuizen. The materials chiey consist of documents of the directors and the rst two ofces and include resoluties (proceedings), correspondence with overseas establishments, bookkeeping, muster-rolls and ship’s pay ledgers among other papers. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1633–1795 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch

Items 5269–6842, 12672–13307, 13876–14080, 14102–14296, 14348–14527 I and 14638–14842 (c. 3000 volumes) make up the series of scheepssoldijboeken, pay ledgers of the personnel on the VOC ships sailing from the Dutch Republic to the Company’s establishments in Asia and Africa. Every pay ledger concerns a single outward ship’s journey and includes an index on rst names. Among other data, the ledgers list the seamen’s places of origin. They cover the period 1633–1795 but the bulk dates from the eighteenth century. In total, about one million people were employed on these ships by one of the VOC ofces. Of these, an increasingly large proportion came from outside the Dutch Republic. From 1740 onward, foreigners even outnumbered Dutchmen. Data available for the years 1700–1795 show that during this period around 655,000 men staffed the departing Company ships, of whom 53.4 per cent were foreigners. A great number of these originated from regions nowadays covered by Germany, Poland, the Baltic countries, Finland and Scandinavia. The pay ledgers thus reveal a lot of information on migration patterns from those areas to the Dutch Republic. Accessibility M.A.P. Meilink-Roelofsz, R. Raben and H. Spijkerman (eds.), De archieven van de Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie / The Archives of the Dutch East India Company (1602–1795) (The Hague, 1992), with extensive introduction in English and table of contents of the inventory in English and Dutch. A database of various data in the eighteenth-century pay ledgers is currently being made available at: vocopvarenden.nationaalarchief.nl, which can be searched on place of origin of the ships’ personnel. By 2006, around 50 per cent will have been entered, covering all VOC ofces except for Amsterdam, which will be processed in the following years.

national archives of the netherlands

1403

The eighteenth-century pay ledgers of the ships sailing for the Zeeland, Delft and Rotterdam ofces have to be consulted on microlm. Record creator / provenance The Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC, Dutch East India Company) was founded in 1602 after a merger of several competing trading companies in various towns in the Dutch provinces of Holland and Zeeland. The VOC had six ofces (kamers, chambers): Amsterdam, Zeeland (at Middelburg), Delft, Rotterdam, Hoorn and Enkhuizen. Representatives from each ofce together formed the central board of directors, the Gentlemen XVII (Heeren XVII). The States General of the Dutch Republic granted the VOC a trade monopoly in the area between the Cape of Good Hope and the Straits of Megellan as well as the right to conclude treaties with foreign rulers, declare war and administer justice in that area. In the course of time, the VOC set up establishments all over Asia and in southern Africa, which all came under the Company’s Asian headquarters in Batavia (modern-day Jakarta), which in turn was answerable to the Gentlemen XVII. Virtually all of the VOC’s activities came to an end in 1795 when the Company had gone all but bankrupt and a period of great political changes and growing French inuence began. Copies The eighteenth-century pay ledgers of the ships sailing for the Zeeland, Delft and Rotterdam ofces have been microlmed and are available at the Nationaal Archief at The Hague, the municipal archives of Delft and Rotterdam, the Zeeland Archives at Middelburg and the department of modern history of the University of Gent (Belgium). Publications Aarsborg, Sindre W., Med Mars og Merkur. En analyse av norsk deltakelse i VOC basert på skipsoldboker, 1633–1794 (no place, 2003). • Dutch-Asiatic Shipping in the 17th and 18th Centuries, 3 Vols., eds. J.R. Bruijn, F.S. Gaastra and I. Schöffer (Rijksgeschiedkundige Publicatiën, Grote Serie, 165–7) (The Hague, 1979–1987). • Gaastra, Femme S., De geschiedenis van de VOC (Zutphen, 2002); translation: The Dutch East India Company. Expansion and Decline (Haarlem, 2003). • Gelder, Roelof van, Het Oost-Indisch avontuur. Duitsers in dienst van de VOC 1600–1800 (Nijmegen, 1997), translation: Das ostindische Abenteuer. Deutsche in Diensten der Vereinigten Ostindischen Kompanie

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der Niederlande (VOC), 1600–1800 (Schriften des Deutschen Schiffahrtsmuseums, Band 61) (Hamburg, 2004). Gelder, Roelof van, Naporra’s omweg. Het leven van een VOC-matroos (1731–1793) (Amsterdam, 2003). Gøbel, Erik, Jens Mortensen Sveigaards ostindiske rejsebeskrivelse 1665–1684 (Maritim Kontakt, 27) (Copenhagen, 2005). Goebel [Gøbel], Erik, “Danes in the Service of the Dutch East India Company in the Seventeenth Century”, in: International Journal of Maritime History, 16, 1 (2004), pp. 77–93. Reisebeschreibungen von deutschen Beamten und Kriegsleuten im Dienst der niederländischen West- und Ost-Indischen Kompagnien, 13 Vols, ed. S.P. L’Honoré Naber (The Hague, 1930). Steenstrup, Carl, “Scandinavians in Asian Waters in the 17th Century. On the Sources for the History of the Participation of Scandinavians in Early Dutch Ventures into Asia”, in: Acta Orientalia, 43 (1982), pp. 69–83. Velzen, Ton van, “Uitgevaren voor de kamers; 700.000 mensen overzee”, in: Jan Parmentier (ed.), Uitgevaren voor de Kamer Zeeland (Zutphen, 2006), pp. 11–30.

Duvelaer van der Spiegel Collection Record group Duvelaer van der Spiegel Collection Collectie Duvelaer van der Spiegel Reference code : 1.10.98 Period : 1775–1797 Extent : 8 items, 0.23 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of Cornelis Duvelaer van der Spiegel, collector-general of the raised last- en veilgeld (a lastage and a de valorem impost on imports and exports) in the late eighteenth century. It includes accounts and incoming documents from the States General regarding the lastage.

national archives of the netherlands

1405

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1775–1797 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

The entire collection is relevant as it concerns the lastage and impost on imports and exports to and from the Republic. • • •

1: Extract resolutions of the States General, received by the collectorgeneral of the raised last- en veilgeld, 1775–1784 (1 bundle). 2: General list of receipts and expenses regarding the raised last- en veilgeld, 1790–1797 (1 volume). 3–8: Accounts of Cornelis Duvelaer van der Spiegel as collector-general of the raised last- en veilgeld, 1790–1796 (6 volumes).

Accessibility Diederik J. Kortlang, “Inventaris van het archief van de collectie Duvelaer van de Spiegel, 1775–1797”; also available online at the repository’s website.

Envoyship Hanseatic Towns, 1795–1841 Record group Envoyship Hanseatic Towns, 1795–1841 Legatie Hanzesteden, 1795–1841 Reference code : 2.05.10.06 Period : 1795–1841 Extent : 24 items, 2 metres Abstract This record group comprises the archives of Dutch envoys in various Hanseatic towns in Germany, such as Bremen, Lübeck and Hamburg. The bulk consists of correspondence and dates from the period 1813–1841. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1795–1800 : Germany, the Netherlands : Dutch

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Virtually all records date from after 1800 and mostly consist of correspondence (chiey between Dutch envoys at Bremen, Lübeck, Hamburg, Denmark and Sweden, the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs at The Hague, local authorities in the Hanseatic towns) and lists of ships, passports and sea letters (the latter dating from 1803 onward). Item no. 23 is a register of issued passports in the years 1795–1809, 1815. Accessibility Inventory (in Dutch). Custodial history Item nos. 23 and 24 originate from the record group of the Diplomatic Mission Lower Saxony Kreits and Hanseatic Towns (Legatie Nedersaksische Kreits en Hanzesteden, reference code: 1.02.09). Related materials •

Diplomatic Mission Lower Saxony Kreits and Hanseatic Towns (Legatie Nedersaksische Kreits en Hanzesteden, reference code: 1.02.09).

Extra Acquisitions of the Council of State 1904 XII Record group Extra Acquisitions of the Council of State 1904 XII Extra Aanwinsten Raad van State 1904 XII Reference code : 1.01.19.02 Period : 1570–1795 Extent : 197 items, 3.35 metres Abstract This collection consists of the acquisitions of the Council of State. It contains mainly printed extract resolutions of the States of Holland and, to a lesser extent, of the States General. Also included are letters from Dutch envoys to the States General and les concerning various matters.

national archives of the netherlands

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1685–1760 : Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the letters from Dutch envoys to the States General and les concerning admiralties, the protection of trade, maritime dues and relations with Sweden. LETTERS OF DUTCH ENVOYS TO THE STATES GENERAL • •

1–9: Letters of Dutch envoys to the States General (printed), 1693–1759 (9 volumes) 10–12: Secret letters of Dutch envoys to the States General (printed), 1695–1756 (3 volumes).

FILES REGARDING VARIOUS SUBJECTS •

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15–II: Admiraliteijten, documents regarding the interferences of the States General and the States of Holland with the admiralties (printed), 1692–1760 (1 bundle). 18c: Commercie en Navigatie, documents regarding the protection of shipping in 1702 and 1741, navigation in the North Sea, 1742, etc., 1702–1759 (1 bundle). 18i: Convojen en Licenten, documents regarding the collectors and the receipt of the convooien en licenten (a lastage for the protection of trade), 1724–1759 (3 pieces). 29c: Last en Veijl Geld, documents regarding the establishment of the level of the last- en veilgelden (a lastage and a de valorem impost on imports and exports), 1685–1760 (4 pieces). 36q: Sweeden, documents regarding a treaty with the king of Sweden, trade to Livonia and a regulation regarding Swedish warships, 1698–1741 (3 pieces).

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance The Council of State was founded in 1588 as a central government body. In practice, it functioned mainly as an executive body alongside the States

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General, in addition to which the latter determined the competences of the Council. The Council of State consisted of twelve members from the United Provinces and of the stadtholder who had a special status. The Council mainly had competences in the eld of war, the military and nances. Besides that, it administered the Generality lands under the responsibility of the States General, and was involved in foreign affairs. Custodial history This collection probably never belonged to the archives of the Council of State, but originated from representatives of the town of Delft at the States of Holland. It was probably mixed with the records of the Council of State in the nineteenth century. Related materials •

Council of State (reference code: 1.01.19).

Fagel Family Record group Fagel Family Familie Fagel Reference code Period Extent

: 1.10.29 : 1513–1927 : 5340 items, 61.99 metres

Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the Fagel family. It contains documents of a personal nature regarding various members of the Fagel family and of related families, and documents of an ofcial nature of Gaspar Fagel, Cornelis Gerrit Fagel, Hendrik Baron Fagel, François Willem Baron Fagel, Robert Baron Fagel and François Hendrik Baron Fagel. Finally, the collection includes correspondence, both private and ofcial. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1585–1795 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, various languages

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Relevant is a large amount of material collected by Gaspar Fagel as pensionary of Holland and West-Friesland and by the registrars of the States General from the Fagel family. It contains correspondence with foreign sovereigns and authorities, envoys abroad and in the Republic, and private individuals living abroad, and documents regarding foreign and maritime affairs, diplomatic missions, convooien en licenten (a lastage for the protection of trade) and trade with the Baltic Sea region. Also important are the papers of Jacob Baron Fagel as envoy in Denmark. DOCUMENTS OF AN OFFICIAL NATURE Gaspar Fagel As pensionary of Holland and West-Friesland • • •

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418: Minutes of the secret meetings of the States General regarding foreign affairs, 1683 (1 folder). 423: Documents regarding the treaty between the German Emperor and the Republic, 1672–1673 (1 folder). 425: Plan for the redress of trade in the Baltic, with an instruction for the envoy in Denmark and draft of a treaty of commerce with Sweden, c. 1673 (2 pieces). 446: Remarks and observations by the representatives of Zeeland, Friesland and Groningen against the ratication of the treaty concluded between Denmark and the Republic, 1674 (1 folder). 481: Documents regarding the convention between Sweden and Republic, 1681 (2 pieces). 482: Draft of a report by Gaspar Fagel regarding propositions of the representatives of the States of Holland and West-Friesland to the government of Rotterdam concerning convooien en licenten, 1682 (1 folder). 505: Letter by the envoy at the German Emperor, Hop, to the Prince of Orange, 1688 (1 folder). 512: Documents regarding the settlement of disputes and the conclusion of a treaty between Denmark and the Republic, 1688 (1 folder). 521: Documents regarding admiralties and convooien en licenten, 1585–1586 (1 folder).

Documents from Pierre du Moulin, second secetary to Prince Willem III •

529: Drafts of letters to King Christian V of Denmark, 1674 (1 folder).

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Documents from Simon van Pettecum, president of the Council of the Prince of Orange (who represented the king of Denmark on several occassions as extraordinary envoy in the Republic) • •

•

557–560: Incoming letters of Simon van Pettecum, 1674–1689 (4 folders). 561: Instruction for Van Pettecum regarding his diplomatic mission to Denmark, East-Friesland and Hannover, and correspondence received during this mission, 1687–1688 (1 folder). 562: Register of outgoing letters of Van Pettecum during the same mission, 1686–1688 (1 volume, fragment).

Documents from Abraham de Wicquefort, Polish envoy in the Republic •

563, 564: Correspondence to Abraham de Wicquefort, 1671–1675 (1 folder and 1 volume).

Documents of the registrars of the States General from the Fagel family States General • • • • •

572: Documents regarding the secret meetings of the States General regarding foreign affairs, 1599–1748 (1 folder). 574: Documents regarding the secret meetings of the States General regarding maritime affairs, 1631–1754 (1 folder). 639–640a: Registers of outgoing letters to foreign powers, 1655–1739 (3 volumes). 661–671: Outgoing letters to foreign princes, 1656–1785 (11 folders). 674–678: Copies of letters of pensionary Van der Heim to Dutch envoys abroad, foreign envoys in the Netherlands, military leaders and other authorities, 1742–1746 (5 folders).

Foreign affairs •

1185–1295: Various documents regarding the diplomatic service of the Republic abroad and vice versa, 1609–1794. Including papers specically concerning the following countries: * 1193, 1286: Denmark.

national archives of the netherlands

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1411

* 1201, 1292: Prussia. * 1202, 1293: Russia. * 1205, 1295: Sweden. * 1291: Poland and Saxony. 1301: Notes of François Fagel the elder regarding the arrest and the dismissal of the Swedish envoy Baron von Goetz, 1717 (1 folder). 1303–1461: Various multilateral treaties between the Republic and other countries (some excluding the Republic), including treaties with countries in the Baltic Sea region, 1580–1794. 1468–1480: Various documents regarding the relations between Denmark and the Republic, 1692–1782 (8 folders, 4 volumes and 2 pieces). 1481–1519: Various documents regarding the relations between the Republic and the German Empire and its constituent parts, 1646–1794 (13 pieces and 33 folders). 1611: Documents regarding the relations between Russia and the Netherlands,1745–1788 (1 folder). 1620–1637a: Various documents regarding the relations between Sweden and the Republic, 1667–1790 (20 pieces and 6 folders).

Jacob Baron Fagel As extraordinary envoy in Denmark (1794–1795) • •

1895: Verbaal (report) of Jacob Fagel regarding his mission in Denmark, 1793–1795 (1 folder). 1896: Drafts of letters sent by Jacob Fagel in his capacity as extraordinary envoy in Denmark to the States General and the registrar of the States General, 1794–1795 (1 folder).

CORRESPONDENCE Incoming correspondence of the registrars Fagel •

• •

3762–5127: Letters sent by envoys of the Republic abroad and foreign envoys in the Netherlands, foreign princes and private individuals living abroad, 1700–1794 (1373 folders). 5128–5176: Letters sent to the people mentioned under nos. 3762–5127, 1745–1793 (49 folders). 5177–5280: Deciphered letters of foreign envoys in the Republic and elsewhere to their governments, 1751–1791 (27 volumes and 77 folders).

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Accessibility N.M. Japikse, “Het archief van de familie Fagel” (1964). Record creator / provenance The Fagel family originally came from the Spanish Netherlands, but part of them ed to Amsterdam in 1585 after the Counter-Reformation. Many family members, both male and female, held important ofces in the Republic and in the Kingdom, such as pensionary, registrar of the States General, pensionary of Haarlem, member of the judiciary, court ofcial, burgomaster, minister of state, envoy, etc. Related materials • •

Fagel Family: Supplement (reference code: 1.10.94). Gaspar Fagel (reference code: 3.01.18).

Fagel Family: Supplement Record group Fagel Family: Supplement Familie Fagel: Supplement Reference code : 1.10.94 Period : 1524–1795 Extent : 956 items, 48.22 metres Abstract This collection comprises a supplement to the archives of the Fagel family. It contains correspondence and administrative documents of the registrars of the States General from the Fagel family, retroacts regarding the Generality boards (States General, Council of State, Generality’s Audit, Admiralty Boards and House of Orange), Generality involvement in provincial, military, maritime, nancial, mint, foreign, church, and legal matters, and miscellaneous papers.

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1413

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1584–1793 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the correspondence of the registrars of the States General from the Fagel family with Dutch envoys abroad and foreign representatives, the retroacts regarding foreign affairs, which include documents concerning relations with the countries bordering the Baltic Sea, and some registers of resolutions of the States General, the Council of State and the States of Holland. CORRESPONDENCE AND ADMINISTRATION OF THE REGISTRARS FAGEL Correspondence with Dutch representatives abroad •

17–38: Correspondence with Dutch representatives in various countries. Including: * German Empire, 1746–1784 (1 bundle). * Prussia, 1746–1789 (1 folder). * Lower Saxony Kreits and Hanseatic towns, 1752–1787 (1 folder). * Denmark, 1766–1771 (1 folder). * Sweden, 1747–1787 (1 folder). * Poland and Saxony, 1747–1751 (1 folder). * Russia, 1746–1766 (1 bundle and 1 folder).

Correspondence with representatives of foreign powers •

39–43: Correspondence with foreign representatives of various countries. Including: * Prussia, 1745–1788 (1 folder). * Denmark, 1784 (2 pieces). * Russia, 1750–1751 (2 pieces).

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RETROACTS REGARDING GENERALITY INVOLVEMENT Foreign affairs Diplomatic service •

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151: Letters by Berend Willem Buys, envoy at the Lower Saxony Kreits and the Hanseatic towns, to Hendrik Fagel the elder, regarding his disputes with the Hamburg council concerning the estate of the Dutch envoy in Sweden, Carel Rumpf, 1750 (1 folder). 152: Documents regarding the statements of expenses of the representatives in Russia, 1786–1793 (1 folder). 157: Letter of the envoy of Denmark in the Republic regarding the appointment of a consul in Amsterdam, 1752 (2 pieces).

Relations between other powers •

169: Documents regarding the relations between Prussia, Russia and Poland, 1764, 1768 and 1772 (1 folder).

Prussia •

178–185: Various documents regarding relations between Prussia and the Republic, 1544–1773 (6 folders and 3 pieces).

Denmark •

191–195: Various documents regarding relations between Denmark and the Republic, 1701–1772 (4 folders and 1 piece).

Sweden •

196–197A: Various documents regarding relations between Sweden and the Republic, 1749–1793 (1 folder and 3 pieces).

Russia •

198: Documents regarding relations between Russia and the Republic, 1762–1765 (3 pieces).

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MANUSCRIPTS AND PRINTED EDITIONS COLLECTED BY HENDRIK FAGEL THE ELDER •

334–987: Various manuscripts and printed editions of resolutions of the States General, the Council of State and the States of Holland, and indices regarding these, 1584–1793.

Accessibility “Inventaris van het archief van de Collectie Fagel”. Record creator / provenance The Fagel family originally came from the Spanish Netherlands, but part of them ed to Amsterdam in 1585 after the Counter-Reformation there. Many family members, both male and female, held important ofces in the Republic and in the Kingdom, such as pensionary, registrar of the States General, pensionary of Haarlem, member of the judiciary, court ofcial, burgomaster, minister of state, envoy, etc. Related materials • •

Fagel Family (reference code: 1.10.29). Gaspar Fagel (reference code: 3.01.18).

Financial Department of Holland, 1575–1806 Record group Financial Department of Holland, 1575–1806 Financie van Holland, 1575–1806 Reference code : 3.01.29 Period : 1515–1811 Extent : 978 items, 81 metres Abstract This collection consists of the administration of the provincial bookkeeping department of Holland. The material includes the nancial administration of the representative council (which also supervised the department) with regard to annuities, shares, wages, lotteries, loans, dues and the supervision

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of the collector-general and other nancial ofcials. Included are accounts, ledgers, assessment registers, reports and correspondence. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1654–1694 : Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands : Dutch

Relevant are just three items, concerning loans to the king of Denmark and the town of Bremen and the costs of a diplomatic mission to Denmark. •

•

•

802: Documents, probably collected by pensionary Pieter Steyn and supplemented and used by the nancial department, regarding supervision and savings, eighteenth century, including notes regarding contributions given to the envoy Van Werkendam (who led a diplomatic mission to Denmark in 1672–1674), 1670–1675 (1 bundle). 902: Documents regarding the liquidation of the loans of 600,000, 4,000,000 and 50,000 guilders to King Frederik III of Denmark by the States General and the States of Holland in 1657, 1658–1666 (1 bundle). 903: Documents regarding a loan to the town of Bremen, furnished by the town of Amsterdam and guaranteed by the States of Holland, 1654–1694 (1 folder).

Accessibility “Inventaris van het archief van de Financie van Holland, (1515) 1572–1806 (1830)” (1947), with an extensive introduction in Dutch; also available online at the repository’s website. Related materials • •

Count’s Audit Registers (reference code: 3.01.27.01). Count’s Audit Accounts (reference code: 3.01.27.02).

national archives of the netherlands

1417

Foreign Affairs Record group Foreign Affairs Buitenlandse Zaken Reference code : 2.01.08 Period : 1795–1813 Extent : 464 items, 54 metres Abstract These archives consist of the administration of the boards of government responsible for foreign affairs after the revolution of 1795 up to 1813. They include minutes of meetings and reports, incoming and outgoing documents, and treaties. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1796–1810 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the minutes, reports and correspondence up to 1800. These include information on foreign relations between the Netherlands and the Baltic Sea region. MINUTES AND VERBALEN (REPORTS) OF THE SUCCEEDING BODIES RESPONSIBLE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS •

•

1–5, 25–35: Draft and neat minutes and verbalen of the succeeding bodies responsible for foreign affairs, 1796–1800 (5 bundles and 12 volumes) (nos. 364–368 are indices on the ordinaris and secret minutes, 1796–1800 (6 volumes)). 47–51, 55–59: Draft and neat secret minutes and verbalen of the succeeding bodies responsible for foreign affairs, 1796–1800 (5 bundles and 6 volumes).

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OUTGOING DOCUMENTS • • •

65–72 (–98): Drafts of ordinaris and secret outgoing missives and reports, 1796–1800 (–1810) (8 bundles). 102–107 (–118): Missive books of outgoing letters and reports, 1796–1800 (–1810) (7 volumes). 119–122 (–125): Missive books of secret outgoing letters and reports, 1798–1800 (–1804 (4 volumes).

INCOMING DOCUMENTS From Batavian and Holland authorities and government bodies Trade and shipping •

185: Missives from various committees for trade and shipping, 1796–1807, and others, 1802–1809 (1 bundle).

From Batavian and Holland ambassadors, ministers and consuls and from foreign governments and diplomatic agents Prussia • •

252–256: Missives from diplomatic representatives Bourdeaux and De Sturler in Prussia, 1796–1800 (5 bundles). 265: Missives of the Prussian government and ofcials, etc., 1797–1810 (1 bundle).

Hanseatic towns •

288–291: Missives from diplomatic representatives Abbema and Reinhold at the Lower Saxony Kreits and the Hanseatic towns, 1796–1804 (4 bundles).

Denmark • • •

300–303: Missives of the diplomatic representatives Van Lynden and Bangeman Huygens in Denmark, 1796–1800 (4 bundles). 309: Missives of consuls in Denmark, 1796–1810 (1 bundle). 310: Missives of the Danish government and ofcials, etc., 1796–1810 (1 bundle).

national archives of the netherlands

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Sweden • •

311–313: Missives of the diplomatic representatives Van Dedem van Gelder, Loofs and Buys in Sweden, 1796–1800 (3 bundles). 316: Missives from the king of Sweden, and others, 1797–1810 (1 bundle).

Russia • •

317: Missives of various diplomatic representatives in Russia, 1796–1801 (1 bundle). 321: Missives of consuls in Russia, and others, 1796–1810 (1 bundle).

Accessibility “Inventaris van het archief van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken, 1796–1810” (1960); also available online at the repository’s website.

Foreign Maps, Leupe Record group Foreign Maps, Leupe Buitenlandse kaarten, Leupe Reference code : 4.VEL Period : 16th–19th centuries Extent : 2831 items Abstract This collection consists of maps and drawings that mostly originate from the Dutch VOC (East India Company) and WIC (West India Company). Some materials derive from other authorities, for instance the States General (Staten-Generaal), the States of Holland (Staten van Holland), the Society of Surinam and the secretariat of Berbice. The inventory was compiled by P.A. Leupe, a former major of the Marine Corps. Note that in addition to the maps described here, the collection also includes a number of published atlases, which may very well contain maps that pertain to the Baltic Sea area but are not described individually here.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1450–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch

The collection includes a few maps concerning the Baltic Sea (referred to as “Oostzee” in Dutch): •

•

•

10: Sea chart of the Baltic Sea between the island of Rügen and Viborg, published by Pieter Goos at Amsterdam (missing at the time of research). 11: Chart of the “western water” off Gdansk, i.e. the area between the western bank and the shore, produced by Joh. Charpentier at Gdansk, 1724. Manuscript, copy. 12: Chart of the “western borderline” between Gdansk and the town of Oliwa (based on a map from 1647) and of the “western water”, produced by Joh. Charpentier at Gdansk, 1724. Manuscript.

In addition, the collection includes various sea charts of (parts of ) the North Sea. Accessibility The inventory has been published in P.A. Leupe, Inventaris der verzameling kaarten berustende in het Rijksarchief, Vol. 1 (The Hague, 1867), which has been arranged by type of map and geographically, and includes an introduction as well as indexes on personal and geographical names. Visually attractive The collection includes three relevant maps, two of which are handdrawn. Copies The entire collection has been put on microche. Related materials •

Foreign Maps, Leupe: Supplement (Buitenlandse Kaarten, Leupe: Supplement, reference code: 4.VELH).

national archives of the netherlands

1421

Foreign Maps, Leupe: Supplement Record group Foreign Maps, Leupe: Supplement Buitenlandse Kaarten, Leupe: Supplement Reference code : 4.VELH Period : 16th–19th centuries Extent : 844 items Abstract This collection consists of foreign maps and charts that were acquired by the National Archives in the years 1867–1886. Some maps that were overlooked during the compilation of the inventory of the main Foreign maps collection, Leupe (Buitenlandse kaarten, Leupe, 4.VEL) were also added to this collection. The initial descriptions, made by A. Telting and J. de Hullu, were revised in 1914 by S.P. l’Honoré Naber, former Captain of the Dutch Navy. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1450–1829 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Danish, Dutch, Swedish

The collection includes a few maps concerning the Baltic Sea (referred to as “Oostzee” in Dutch): •

•

•

29: Chart of the waters around Denmark and the southern Baltic Sea, with insets of the harbour of Kiel and the sea entrance to Szczecin (Stettin), published by C.C. Lous, 1777. Copperplate print (60 u 89 cm). 30: Chart of the Sound and Köge Bugt (area between Copenhagen, Helsingør and Malmö), published by J. Hoiss at Copenhagen, 1829. Copperplate print, scale 1:140,000 (57 u 89 cm). 31: Chart of the central part of the Baltic Sea (area around Gotland, Stockholm, the Estonian islands and the Gulf of Riga), published by Johan Nordenankar and Eric Klints at Stockholm, 1801. Copperplate print, scale 1:500,000 (57 u 92 cm).

1422 •

•

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32: Chart of the Gulf of Finland, with insets of the sea entrances to Reval (Tallinn), Viborg, Kronstadt and the islands of Utö and Jurmo (off Turku), and drawings of several lighthouses around the Gulf of Finland, published by J.G. Blankensteiner at Copenhagen, 1826. Copperplate print, scale 1:370,000 (59 u 137 cm). 33–34: Map of the entrance to the Elbe River around Glückstadt, Stade and Hamburg, published by Willem Blaeu at Amsterdam, 1628. Copperplate print, two pieces (15 u 54 and 15 u 53 cm). 289: Map of the border between Sweden and Denmark (in the far north of present-day Sweden and Norway). Manuscript (17 u 32 cm).

In addition, the collection includes various sea charts of (parts of) the North Sea. Accessibility The inventory has been published in S.P. l’Honoré Naber, Inventaris der verzameling kaarten berustende in het Rijksarchief, rst supplement (The Hague, 1914), which has been arranged by type of map and geographically, and includes an introduction as well as indexes on personal and geographical names. Visually attractive The collection includes six relevant maps, one of which is hand-drawn. Copies The entire collection has been put on microche. Related materials •

Foreign Maps, Leupe (Buitenlandse Kaarten, Leupe, reference code: 4.VEL).

national archives of the netherlands

1423

Gaspar Fagel, 1672–1688 Record group Gaspar Fagel, 1672–1688 Gaspar Fagel, 1672–1688 Reference code : 3.01.18 Period : 1669–1688 Extent : 497 items, 9.6 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of Gaspar Fagel as pensionary of Holland from 1672 to 1688. The material consists of incoming correspondence from the States General, the States of Holland and other authorities and ofcials, and of documents concerning a wide range of subjects that Fagel had to deal with as pensionary: nances, public order, defence, admiralty, trade, foreign affairs, education, etc. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1668–1688 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the general missives from a large number of authorities, ofcials and other people, and documents specically concerning foreign relations, trade, shipping and the admiralty. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING GENERAL MATTERS Incoming documents •

1–62: Missives (and some requests) from the States General, Stadtholder Willem III, the States of Holland, the Representative Councils of the Noorderkwartier and the Zuiderkwartier of Holland, various administrative and legal provincial authorities in the rest of the Republic, magistrates of Holland towns and of towns in other provinces, courts and legal ofcials in Holland towns and in other provinces, and various people from within and outside the Republic, 1672–1688 (31 folders, 22 bundles, 19 pieces and 1 quire).

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DOCUMENTS CONCERNING PARTICULAR MATTERS Finances •

107: Memorandum of Wigbold Slicher, collector-general of the Amsterdam Admiralty concerning the payment of interest to the shareholders of a loan to King Frederik III of Denmark from 1657 (copy), 1681 (1 piece).

Admiralty •

145–156: Missives of the Boards of Admiralty, their members or ofcials to the States of Holland and Gaspar Fagel, 1672–1688 (2 bundles, 7 folders and 14 pieces).

Water management •

171: Missive of the commissioners of the pilotage at Den Helder to the States of Holland in connection with the need to put tuns and beacons at the Westergat and the Noorder Jetting, 1680 (1 piece).

Trade within Europe •

•

•

•

177: Requests of organised and individual merchants from Holland to the States of Holland and the States General, with appendices, 1675–1687 and undated (1 bundle). 181: Extracts from the resolutions of the Amsterdam council concerning damages suffered because of trade barriers put up by France, Sweden and Denmark, with appendices, 1676 (1 quire). 182: Extracts from the resolutions of the Amsterdam council regarding the conditions under which they could agree with the introduction of a toll on shipping on the Elbe by the Danish king, 1677 (1 piece). 184: List of lasts of grain, with their cost price, loaded onto a ship brought in at Stralsund in 1677, 1678 (1 piece).

Foreign affairs •

206: Missives of princes and their ministers or secretaries to the States General, the States of Holland and Gaspar Fagel, with appendices, 1673–1688 (1 folder).

national archives of the netherlands •

•

• • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • •

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207: Missives of representative states and magistrates of towns abroad to the States of Holland and to Fagel, including letters from Bremen and Hamburg, 1672–1688 (1 folder). 267–273: Missives of envoys on diplomatic missions in various German states, including missions to Bremen, Hamburg, Holstein and Brandenburg, to Fagel, 1672–1688 (5 bundles and 2 folders). 274–279: Missives of envoys on diplomatic missions to the German emperor, 1672–1688 (3 bundles and 3 folders). 323–342: Missives of residents or their secretaries on diplomatic missions at Hamburg, 1675–1688 (13 folders and 7 bundles). 343, 344: Missives of envoys on diplomatic missions to Brandenburg, 1674–1687 (2 folders). 345–363: Missives of envoys on diplomatic missions in Denmark to the States of Holland and Gaspar Fagel, 1672–1688 (11 folders and 8 bundles). 364–370: Missives of envoys on diplomatic missions in Sweden to Gaspar Fagel, 1672–1687 (3 folders and 4 bundles). 371: Missive of the consul at Gdansk to the States General, 1683 (1 piece). 372: Missive of envoys in diplomatic missions in Moscovia, 1676–1687 (10 pieces). 419: Anonymous letters from various states to Gaspar Fagel, 1674–1687 and undated (1 folder). 423: Missives and memorandums of envoys from the German Emperor in the Republic, 1672–1688 and undated (1 folder). 431: Missives and memorandums of envoys from Brunswick-Lüneburg and the Hanseatic towns in the Republic, 1673–1686 (1 folder). 432: Missives and memorandums of envoys from Brandenburg in the Republic, 1672–1688 and undated (1 folder). 433: Missives and memorandums of envoys from Denmark in the Republic, 1672–1687 (1 folder). 434: Missives and memorandums of envoys from Sweden in the Republic, 1673–1687 (1 folder). 435: Missives and memorandums of envoys from Poland in the Republic, 1679 and 1684 (1 folder). 469: Documents regarding negotiations about a peace treaty and a treaty of commerce with Sweden, 1678 and undated (3 pieces). 476: Documents regarding negotiations about a treaty of commerce with Denmark, especially concerning the levying of tolls in the Sound and in Norway, 1683–1685 and undated (1 bundle).

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DOCUMENTS OF GASPAR FAGEL AS PENSIONARY OF HAARLEM •

491: Documents regarding convooien en licenten and other dues, with draft minutes of meetings of the States of Holland and of the Boards of Admiralty, drawn up by Fagel, 1668–1670 and undated (1 folder).

Accessibility Liesbeth Strasser, “Inventaris van het archief van Casper Fagel, Raadpensionaris van Holland, 1672–1688” (1880), with introduction in Dutch; also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance Gaspar Fagel (1634–1688) studied law at the university of Utrecht and was admitted as a lawyer at the Court of Holland in 1653. He was soon noticed by pensionary Johan de Witt, and on De Witt’s instigation he was appointed pensionary of Haarlem in 1664 and subsequently worked closely together with De Witt on a number of occasions. In 1670 Fagel was appointed registrar of the States General (a post which would remain in the family until 1795). Shortly after his appointment, the responsibilities of the registrar were substantially extended and he now gained an important position in deciding the foreign policy of the Republic. After the resignation and death of Johan de Witt in 1672, Fagel became pensionary. He was much less powerful than De Witt, because, after a stadtholderless period, Prince Willem III now again became stadtholder and assumed most of De Witt’s powers. Fagel worked closely together with Willem III, however, and thus managed to exercise a lot of political inuence nonetheless. He died during his third term as pensionary in 1688. Related materials • •

Fagel Family (reference code: 1.10.29). States of Holland (reference code: 3.01.04.01).

national archives of the netherlands

1427

Generality’s Audit Record group Generality’s Audit Generaliteitsrekenkamer Reference code : 1.01.43 Period : 1586–1799 Extent : 1421 items, 74.05 metres Abstract This collection consists of the administration of the Generality’s Audit in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It consists of resolutions, correspondence, audited accounts from the collectors general of the United Provinces, the States of Groningen and Zeeland, the collectors general of the Admiralty and the collector of the last- en veilgelden (a lastage and de valorem impost on imports and exports), and documents regarding the nancial administration of the United Provinces. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1608–1796 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the accounts of the collectors general of the various Admiralties, which contain the administration of the convooien en licenten (a lastage for the protection of shipping), the last- en veilgelden and other military dues, including the Sound toll. The correspondence of the Audit with the Admiralty Boards is also important. CORRESPONDENCE • •

71: Incoming missives from the Admiralty Boards, 1768–1794 (1 bundle). 87, 88: Outgoing missives to the Admiralty Boards, 1608–1670 and 1773–1790 (2 volumes).

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AUDITED ACCOUNTS Accounts of the collectors general of the Admiralties Meuse Admiralty • • •

113–223: Accounts of various collectors general concerning the convooien en licenten, 1681–1791 (111 volumes, 21 pieces and 1 folder). 224–332: Accounts of various collectors general concerning the last- en veilgelden, 1681–1791 (109 volumes and 6 pieces). 375–400: Accounts of various collectors general concerning the Sound toll (Orisontsen tol), 1685–1710 (26 quires).

Amsterdam Admiralty • •

490–603: Accounts of various collectors general concerning the convooien en licenten, 1681–1794 (114 volumes). 604–717: Accounts of various collectors general concerning the last- en veilgelden, 1681–1794 (114 volumes, 16 pieces and 1 quire).

West-Friesland and Noorderkwartier Admiralty • •

•

721–730: Accounts of various collectors general concerning the convooien en licenten, subsidies and conscations, 1682–1693 (10 volumes). 731–835: Accounts of various collectors general concerning the convooien en licenten, the subsidies, etc., 1693–1796 (105 volumes, 1 quire, 23 pieces and 1 folder). 836–943: Accounts of various collectors general concerning the raising by a third of the convooien en licenten, the last- en veilgeld and the Sound toll, 1685–1795 (108 volumes and 1 folder).

Zeeland Admiralty •

• •

969–979: Accounts of various collectors general concerning the ordinaris and extraordinary convooien en licenten and extraordinary subsidies, 1672–1772 (11 volumes). 980–986: Accounts of various collectors general concerning the convooien en licenten and other regular dues, 1773–1796 (7 volumes). 987–998: Accounts of various collectors general concerning half the lastage and the subsidies, 1767–1796 (12 volumes).

national archives of the netherlands

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Friesland Admiralty •

•

•

999–1045: Accounts of various collectors general concerning the convooien en licenten and their increase, the Sound toll and the passports of attestation, 1681–1727 (47 volumes). 1046–1111: Accounts of various collectors general concerning the convooien en licenten and the passports of attestation, 1728–1796 (66 volumes and 2 pieces). 1112–1224: Accounts of various collectors general concerning the last- en veilgelden and the extraordinary subsidies, 1681–1796 (113 volumes).

Collectors of the last- en veilgelden and the subsidies in the province of Groningen •

1225–1231: Accounts of the collectors of the last- en veilgelden and the subsidies in the province of Groningen, 1695–1701 (7 volumes).

Accessibility P. Schotel, “Inventaris van de Generaliteits Rekenkamer, 1609–1799” (1979). Record creator / provenance The Generality’s Audit was founded in 1602 by the States General to improve the supervision of the nances of the United Provinces, especially with regard to the payments of each of the provinces to the Union. The Audit had fourteen members, two from each province, and its competences were strictly supervisory. Besides the nances of the Republic, the Audit also supervised the collector general and the Admiralty’s nances.

Gerard Hamel Bruijnincx, 1660–1686 Record group Gerard Hamel Bruijnincx, 1660–1686 Gerard Hamel Bruijnincx, 1660–1686 Reference code : 1.02.02 Period : 1660–1686 Extent : 12 items, 0.6 metres

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Abstract This collection consists of the remainder of the papers of envoy Hamel Bruijnincx, who served as a diplomat in various places in the German Empire between 1659 and 1690. The papers include mostly correspondence with the States General and other authorities. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1660–1686 : Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands : Dutch, High German

Relevant is mainly item 11, which consists of documents concerning the foundation of the Elbe toll at Glückstadt by the Danish king, dating from 1676–1678 (1 bundle). Information regarding trade may be included in some of the other items, but this will mainly concern inland trade, rather than sea trade. Accessibility Theo Thomassen, “Inventaris van het archief van G. Hamel Bruijnincx [levensjaren 1616–1691]: Gezant in het Duitse Rijk, 1660–1686” (1994); also available online at the repository’s website. Related materials • •

Coenraad van Heemskerck (reference code: 1.02.01). Diplomatic Mission German Emperor (reference code: 1.02.05).

Publications •

Pennings, J.C.M., and Theo H.P.M. Thomassen (eds.), Archieven van Nederlandse gezanten en consuls tot 1813, Vol. 1, Overgedragen archieven van gezanten en consuls in de christelijke wereld (The Hague, 1994); including the inventory of this collection on pp. 201–202.

national archives of the netherlands

1431

Government Archives United Provinces I, 1576–1588 Record group Government Archives United Provinces I, 1576–1588 Regeringsarchieven Geünieerde Provinciën I, 1576–1588 Reference code : 1.01.01.01 Period : 1576–1588 Extent : 239 items, 2.3 metres Abstract This collection consists of records of the registrar, the “Highgerman” clerk’s ofce and the Audience of the States General from the period 1576–1588. The records of the registrar include resolutions of the States General, correspondence, treaties and ratications, and letters of commission. The records of the Highgerman clerk’s ofce contain correspondence with German princes and towns. The records of the Audience, nally, consist of drafts of commissions, acts and placards, and documents from a representative to France. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1452–1587 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, the Netherlands : Dutch, Low German

Relevant are the draft resolutions of the States General, which may include decisions regarding diplomatic relations, trade and shipping, and various documents specically dealing with trade to the Baltic Sea area and relations with towns and authorities in this region. REGISTRAR • •

•

14, 15: Draft resolutions of the States General, 1577–1583, with gaps (3 folders, 1 quire and 1 bundle). 125: Documents regarding the Sound toll, with retroacts, 1452–1571, collected by L. de Casembroot for the benet of a resolution of the States General of 1582, 1581–1582 (1 bundle). 154: Incoming documents from the king of Poland, the council of Gdansk and Joseph Saroels, former registrar, and outgoing letters regarding the

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claims of captain Nicolaas Weyth van Macklendorff and regarding other persons in Poland, 1582–1584 (1 folder). 192: Letter of the States General to the Lübeck council, 1587 (1 piece). 200: Documents, handed to the States General by the returned mission to the king of Denmark after having reported to the meeting of the States General, 1587 (1 folder). 201: Documents regarding the request of the representatives of the great sheries and herring shers of Holland to export herring along the Rhine and Meuse Rivers under licence, 1587 (1 dossier).

HIHGHERMAN CLERK’S OFFICE • • •

229: Incoming letters from Adolf, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein, 1579, and Frederik, King of Denmark, 1579 (2 pieces). 232: Incoming letter from the town of Lübeck, 1580 (1 piece). 239: Incoming letters from the town of Gdansk, 1577, and Stefan, King of Poland, 1580 (2 pieces).

Accessibility C.H. van Marle, “Inventaris van het archief van de Staten-Generaal, 1576– 1588” (1976); also available online at the repository’s website. Publications The former inventory by R. Bijlsma, De regeeringsarchieven der Geüniëerde en der Nader Geüniëerde Nederlandsche Provinciën 1576 september–1588 mei (The Hague, 1926), includes a lot of information regarding the administrative organisation of the early United Provinces and the collection.

Government Archives United Provinces II, 1577–1581 Record group Government Archives United Provinces II, 1577–1581 Regeringsarchieven Geünieerde Provinciën II, 1577–1581 Reference code : 1.01.01.02 Period : 1577–1581 Extent : 22 items, 0.25 metres

national archives of the netherlands

1433

Abstract This collection consists of documents from the Council of State during the governorship of Matthias of Austria from 1577 to 1581. They originate from the records of the Audience and the clerk’s ofce, and the “Highgerman” clerk’s ofce. They mainly include correspondence with princes and towns in Germany. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1578–1580 : Germany, Latvia, the Netherlands : Dutch, Low German

Relevant are two items of correspondence from the Baltic Sea region and a request by a supplier of wax. AUDIENCE AND CLERK’S OFFICE •

2: Request of Henry van Zijpe, supplier of wax, to the Lords of Finance of His Majesty, for advice, 1580 (1 piece).

HIGHGERMAN CLERK’S OFFICE • •

12: Incoming letters from the town of Lübeck, 1578, 1580 (2 pieces). 20: Incoming letter from the town of Riga, 1580 (1 piece).

Accessibility C.H. van Marle, “Inventaris van het archief van de Gouverneur-Generaal Matthias, Aartshertog van Oostenrijk, en de Raad van State nevens hem, 1578–1581” (1976); also available online at the repository’s website. Related materials Another letter from the town of Lübeck can be found in the record group of Government Archives United Provinces V, 1581–1583 (reference code: 1.01.01.05), inv. no. 16 (1582, 1 piece). Publications The former inventory by R. Bijlsma, De regeeringsarchieven der Geüniëerde en der Nader Geüniëerde Nederlandsche Provinciën 1576 september-1588 mei (The Hague, 1926) includes a lot of information regarding the administrative organisation of the early United Provinces and the collection.

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Hop Family Record group Hop Family Familie Hop Reference code Period Extent

: 1.10.97 : (1464) 1660–1807 : 294 items, 6.10 metres

Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the Hop family. It includes material collected by Cornelis Hop, Jacob Hop (as pensionary of Amsterdam, envoy and treasurer general), Johan Hop, Cornelis Hop (as envoy and in other ofces), Hendrik Hop Jz., Jacob Hop, Hendrik Hop Hz. (as envoy), other family members and Robert Goes. The material mainly consists of correspondence. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1685–1773 : Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the papers of Jacob Hop as envoy to Brandenburg, the Imperial Court and Denmark, of Hendrik Hop Hz. as envoy at the Lower Saxony Kreits and Hanseatic towns, and of Robert Goes as resident at the Danish court. JACOB HOP (1654–1725) As envoy • • •

22: Draft verbaal (report) of Hop as extraordinary envoy at the courts of Brandenburg and Lüneburg, 1687–1688 (2 volumes). 25: Draft verbaal of Hop as extraordinary envoy at the court of the German Emperor, 1688–1689 (1 volume). 28, 29: Original verbaal of Hop as extraordinary envoy and representative of the king of England (Willem III) at the court of Denmark, 1692–1693 (2 volumes).

national archives of the netherlands • •

1435

30: Draft verbaal of Hop as extraordinary envoy at the courts of Denmark and Brunswick-Lüneburg, 1693 (1 volume). 32, 33: Draft verbaal of Hop as extraordinary envoy at the court of the German Emperor, 1698–1700 (2 volumes).

HENDRIK HENDRIKZ. HOP (1723–1808) As envoy at the Lower Saxony Kreits and the Hanseatic towns (1768– 1773) •

106–125: Various documents regarding Hop’s mission to the Lower Saxony Kreits and the Hanseatic towns, 1742–1773 (13 pieces, 3 volumes, 3 quires and 7 folders).

ROBERT GOES (1652–1724) As resident and extraordinary envoy at the Danish court, 1685–1724 •

332–341: Various documents regarding Goes’s mission to the Danish court, 1685–1721 (1 volume, 1 bundle, 3 folders, 3 pieces, 1 quire and 1 charter).

Accessibility “Inventaris van het familie-archief Hop (1464) 1660–1807”. Record creator / provenance Jacob Hop (1654–1724) was pensionary of Amsterdam from 1680 to 1687 and an envoy to Lüneburg, Brandenburg, Denmark, the Imperial Court and England from 1687 onward. He also served as an envoy for the English king (Stadtholder Willem III) in Denmark and Vienna. In 1699 Jacob Hop was appointed treasurer general of the United Provinces, an ofce he held until his death in 1725. Hendrik (Hendrikzoon) Hop (1723–1808) was a secretary at the Court of Holland from 1748 to 1788, but during this time he often functioned as envoy to the Lower Saxony Kreits and Hanseatic towns in 1768 and in Brussels from 1773 to 1794. Robert Goes (1652–1724) was married to the eldest daughter of Cornelis Hop the elder and, from 1685 to 1724, acted as resident and extraordinary envoy at the Danish court.

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Custodial history The family archives were initially kept partly in the former rst department of the repository (dealing with records until 1795) and partly in the former third department (records of the province of South-Holland). Both parts are described in one single inventory, but for the documents formerly kept in the third department, a different reference code (3.20.28) and different inventory numbers need to be used (these can be found in the inventory). Related materials •

Hop Family (reference code: 3.20.28).

Hugo Grotius, 1583–1645 Record group Hugo Grotius, 1583–1645 Hugo de Groot, 1583–1645 Reference code : 1.10.35.02 Period : 1612–1682 Extent : 39 items, 0.67 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of Hugo Grotius (or de Groot) and some of his relatives. It includes his diplomatic correspondence as Swedish envoy in France from 1634 to 1645, his personal correspondence, letters and a passport of Grotius’ wife Maria van Reygersberg, letters and an account regarding a voyage by Grotius from his brother Willem de Groot (1597–1662), correspondence of Jakob de Groot, a son of Willem, and a letter from Johan de Groot, another son of Willem. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1635–1645 : Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, various languages

Relevant is some correspondence of Grotius as Swedish envoy with the consul in Elblag (Elbing) and an account of a journey to Sweden.

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HUGO GROTIUS (1583–1645) As Swedish envoy in Paris •

1–19: Diplomatic correspondence of Hugo de Groot as Swedish envoy in Paris, 1634–1645 (6 volumes, 2 folders and 11 bundles). Including: * 13: Letters received from Petter Spierinck van Norshollen, nance councillor, consul in Elblag (Elbing) and Swedish envoy in the Republic, 1635–1645 (1 bundle).

WILLEM DE GROOT •

34: Account of the journey of Hugo de Groot via the Netherlands to Sweden in 1645, written by Willem de Groot, 1645 (1 piece).

Accessibility “Inventaris van het archief van Hugo de Groot”. Record creator / provenance Hugo Grotius (1583–1645) was a Dutch jurist and the writer of the famous works De iure belli ac pacis (1625) and Mare Liberum (1609). He started studying law at the university of Leiden at the tender age of eleven and in 1598 got his PhD in both laws at the university of Orléans. In 1600 he became a lawyer in The Hague and in 1607 was appointed judge advocate. In the religious conict between the Arminians and Gomarists, Grotius together with pensionary Van Oldenbarnevelt took the side of the Arminians, who considered the state to be the highest authority (and not the Church). In 1618 Grotius, Van Oldenbarnevelt and some others were arrested and imprisoned in the Loevestein Castle, from where Grotius escaped in 1621. He went into exile in France and was appointed Swedish envoy there in 1634. In 1644 he was recalled to Sweden, but he did not like the climate and in 1645 left for Lübeck. On the voyage there his ship wrecked, however, and he landed further east. On his journey to Lübeck, he died of exhaustion in Rostock on 28 August 1645. Publications •

Meulenbroek, B.L., et al. (eds.), Briefwisseling van Hugo Grotius, 17 Vols. (Rijksgeschiedkundige Publicatiën, Grote Serie, various Vols.) (The Hague, 1928–2001).

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Isaak van Hoornbeek, 1720–1727 Record group Isaak van Hoornbeek, 1720–1727 Isaak van Hoornbeek, 1720–1727 Reference code : 3.01.20 Period : 1564–1730 Extent : 573 items, 4.8 metres Abstract These archives consist of the papers of Isaak van Hoornbeek as pensionary of Holland from 1720 to 1727. They contains various documents collected by him in his capacity of chairman of the meetings of the States of Holland and West-Friesland, as representative of Holland at the States General and as pensionary of the knighthood. These documents concern nancial matters, church matters, water management, trade companies and foreign affairs. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1613–1727 : Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, Latin, various languages

Relevant are the correspondence with diplomatic representatives abroad, and various documents regarding the Admiralty, which include the collection of the convooien en licenten (a lastage for the protection of shipping), and trade and shipping with the Baltic Sea region. CHAIRMAN OF THE STATES OF HOLLAND AND WEST-FRIESLAND General matters • •

1: Missives from representatives of the Republic abroad, 1720–1727 (40 folders). 2: Drafts of missives by Isaak van Hoornbeek, 1720–1727 (18 folders).

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Particular matters Water dues (middelen te water) •

•

•

• • •

104–118: Various documents regarding the convooien en licenten and other dues levied by the Admiralty, 1624–1726 (8 quires, 16 pieces, 1 volume and 3 folders). 120–127: Various documents regarding the supervision of the water dues (and the discouragement of fraud), 1624–1726 (1 folder, 3 quires and 10 pieces). 128–144: Various documents concerning the income and the activities of the Rotterdam Admiralty, 1650–1726 (2 folders, 10 quires and 11 pieces). 145–153: Various documents concerning the income and the activities of the Amsterdam Admiralty, 1674–1726 (2 quires and 8 pieces). 154: List of receipts and expenses of the Noorderkwartier Board of Admiralty, 1720–1721 (1 quire and 4 pieces). 159, 160: List and memorandum regarding the receipts and expenses of the Friesland Board of Admiralty, 1613–1723 (2 pieces and 1 quire).

Import and export of goods • •

• •

161: Documents regarding the export of goods from Sweden, 1671 and 1693, eighteenth-century copies (1 quire and 2 pieces). 162: Documents regarding the payment of convooien on transit goods and regarding the facilitation of transit trade in the Republic, 1682 (2 pieces). 163: List of goods on which export dues will be decreased, 1688, eighteenth-century copies (2 quires and 1 piece). 168: Note by Isaak van Hoornbeek, regarding the amounts of convooien en licenten on transit goods in 1680, 1727 (1 piece).

Tolls •

174: Missives of Jan van den Bosch, resident at Hamburg, to the States General regarding the levying of tolls at Hamburg, 1717 (2 pieces).

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LEADER OF THE REPRESENTATION OF HOLLAND AT THE STATES GENERAL Matters outside the Republic Denmark •

•

•

466: Missive of King Frederik III of Denmark to King Frederick Wilhelm I of Prussia, regarding the arrest of ships of the Republic in the Sound, 1723, copy (1 piece). 467: Extract from the resolutions of the States of Holland and WestFriesland and of the States General, regarding the provision of promised subsidies, and the payment of overdue sums to Denmark, before the toll treaty regarding the Sound will be renewed, with appendix, 1723–1726 (1 folder). 468: Missive of extraordinary envoy at Copenhagen Willem Buys regarding the call for a meeting to discuss the disputes with Denmark, 1726, copy (1 piece).

Accessibility J.A.S.M. Suijkerbuijk, “Inventaris van het archief van Isaak van Hoornbeek, 1720–1727” (1977), with introduction in Dutch; also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance Isaak van Hoornbeek (1655–1727) was an advocate at the Court of Holland, pensionary of Rotterdam and, nally, pensionary of Holland and West-Friesland from 1720 to 1727. Related materials •

States of Holland (reference code: 3.01.04.01).

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J.H. van Kinsbergen Record group J.H. van Kinsbergen J.H. van Kinsbergen Reference code : 1.10.52 Period : 1771–1841 Extent : 131 items, 1.16 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of J.H. van Kinsbergen and mainly includes his correspondence of a private and ofcial nature. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1773–1819 : Denmark, Germany, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are chiey Van Kinsbergen’s correspondence with countries around the Baltic Sea and documents regarding his service in the Russian navy. DOCUMENTS OF J.H. VAN KINSBERGEN Correspondence •

•

1–72: Incoming correspondence, sorted alphabetically by sender, including letters from Hamburg, Wismar, the Swedish agent in Amsterdam, the Russian envoy in The Hague, the Danish envoy in the Netherlands and private individuals in Russia, 1773–1819 (40 pieces and 32 folders). 73–89: Outgoing correspondence, sorted alphabetically by addressee, including Danish envoys in The Hague and a Danish minister, 1781–1819 (12 pieces and 5 folders).

Van Kinsbergen as Russian sea ofcer •

90: Copies of the personal records of J.H. van Kinsbergen as a Russian ofcer, 1771–1774 (1 piece).

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Offers to take service in the Russian and Danish navy •

•

97–99: Various documents regarding the offers to Van Kinsbergen to take service in the Russian marine again, 1787–1788 (2 pieces and 1 folder). 100: Letter of the Dutch commissioner in Copenhagen regarding Danish offers to Van Kinsbergen to join the Danish navy, copy, 1795 (1 piece).

DOCUMENTS OF HESTER VAN KINSBERGEN-HOOFT, WIFE OF J.H. VAN KINSBERGEN •

109: Letter from D. Hogguer, Dutch envoy in Hamburg, 1789 (1 piece).

Accessibility B.J. Slot, “Inventaris van de collectie J.H. van Kinsbergen” (1976). Record creator / provenance J.H. van Kinsbergen (1735–1819) joined the Dutch navy in 1750 and made several sea voyages. In 1771 he took up ofce as a captain in the Russian navy and fought successfully against the Turks in the Black Sea. In 1775 he returned to the Dutch navy, but retreated in 1787 and turned down offers to return to Russia or to take up service in the Danish navy. He changed his mind in 1806 and was appointed vice admiral of the Danish navy, but was called back to the Netherlands by Louis Napoleon. Napoleon himself then named him senator and count of the Empire. After that he led a solitary life and died in 1819. Van Kinsbergen wrote a few theoretical publications regarding warfare at sea.

Jacob Pieter Braam Record group Jacob Pieter Braam Jacob Pieter Braam Reference code : 1.10.11.02 Period : 1735-early 19th century Extent : 284 items

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Abstract This collection consists of the papers of Jacob Pieter Braam, an Admiralty and Dutch East India Company (VOC) ofcer in the second half of the eighteenth century. The material mainly includes documents relating to the marine and Admiralty, and to Braam’s voyages to the East Indies and on the North Sea, Mediterranean and Atlantic. There is also some general information on shipbuilding and navigation. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1750–1800 : Denmark, the Netherlands : Dutch

Relevant are some documents concerning shipbuilding and navigation, and a map of the Kattegat. They are all to be found in the section of miscellaneous papers concerning the marine. SHIPBUILDING AND NAVIGATION IN GENERAL • • • •

144: Description of the rigging and the sails of vessels and their treatment (1 piece). 145: Recipe to protect ships against the salt-water worms (1 piece). 146: Observations regarding the various methods to establish the speed of a vessel, eighteenth century (1 piece). 146a: Prayers to say aboard ships (1 piece).

SHIPBUILDING, ORGANISATION, ETC., OF THE MARINE •

151: Statements concerning the weight of the rigging, thickness of the rigs, weight of the anchors, amount of ballast and gunpowder, costs of rigs and outt, etc., for the various marine vessels, eighteenth century (1 piece), transferred to the record group of the maps of Braam (reference code: 4.BRF).

NAUTICAL CHARTS •

218: Passkart over Kattegat, by Christian Carl Lous (Copenhagen, 1790) (1 piece), transferred to the record group of the maps of Braam (reference code: 4.BRF).

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Accessibility “Inventaris van het archief van J.P. Braam [levensjaren 1737–1803], 1727– 1803”; also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance Jacob Pieter Braam took service with the Amsterdam Admiralty in 1748 at the age of eleven and took part in some expeditions to the Mediterranean and the West Indies. In 1764 he had taken service with the VOC and captained a ship to the East Indies, before being appointed equipage master in Bengal. In 1776 he returned to the Republic and regained a position in the Admiralty, climbing the ranks to vice admiral in 1792. He died in 1803. Visually attractive No. 218 is a copperplate chart of the Kattegat (54 × 86 cm), made by Christian Carl Lous in Copenhagen in 1790.

Johan de Witt Johanszoon, 1618–1676 Record group Johan de Witt Johanszoon, 1618–1676 Johan de Witt Johanszoon, 1618–1676 Reference code : 1.10.85 Period : 1584–1747 Extent : 84 items, 0.68 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of Johan de Witt Johanszoon and some of his relatives. The material contains documents collected by De Witt as a representative at the States General and ambassador to Denmark, Gdansk and Poland, and documents of a personal nature. The material also includes some records from Herbertina de Witt, Abraham de Witt, Abraham’s wife and relatives. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1664–1672 : Denmark, Poland, the Netherlands : Dutch, various languages

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Relevant are a report regarding the convooien en licenten (a lastage for the protection of trade) and the papers regarding De Witt’s missions to Denmark, Gdansk and Poland. All these documents are to be found in the section of papers classied “Johan de Witt”. AS REPRESENTATIVE AT THE STATES GENERAL •

1–2: Report by representatives of the States General to the States of Zeeland to improve the arrangement regarding the convooien en licenten, etc., 1664 (1 volume and 1 folder).

AS AMBASSADOR TO DENMARK, GDANSK (DANZIG) AND POLAND •

•

•

•

• •

9–19: Instructions, resolutions, correspondence, etc., regarding the diplomatic mission to Denmark, and to Gdansk and Poland, 1669–1671 (1 charter, 6 pieces, 3 folders and 3 volumes). 20–26: Various correspondence regarding the diplomatic mission to Denmark and retroacts regarding Denmark, 1666–1671 (18 pieces and 5 folders). 27–31: Various correspondence regarding the diplomatic mission to Gdansk and retroacts regarding Gdansk, 1584–1671 (48 pieces and 4 folders). 32–44: Various correspondence, memorandums, etc., concerning the diplomatic mission to Poland, and retroacts regarding Poland, 1653–1671 (7 folders, 8 pieces and 1 volume). 50–53: Various correspondence regarding the diplomatic mission to Denmark, Gdansk and Poland, 1670–1672 (2 pieces and 2 folders). 54–67: Various documents regarding the bookkeeping of the embassy to Denmark, Gdansk and Poland, such as statements of expenses, 1670–1671 (6 folders and 19 pieces).

Accessibility H.T. Obreen, “Inventaris van het archief van Johan de Witte Johansz., 1618–1676” (1948). Record creator / provenance Johan de Witt Johanszoon (1618–1676) was a distant cousin of his namesake Pensionary Johan de Witt. He studied law in Leiden and got his PhD at the university of Orléans in 1641. He functioned as secretary on a mission to mediate between Denmark and Sweden in 1644–1645, and was councillor

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and alderman in Dordrecht, member of the Representative Council of the Zuiderkwartier of Holland and representative at the States General in 1664–1665. In 1670–1671 he went on an extraordinary mission to Denmark, and subsequently to Gdansk and Poland. De Witt was discharged in 1672 for siding with the Orangeists.

Johan de Witt, Pensionary of Holland, 1653–1672 Record group Johan de Witt, Pensionary of Holland, 1653–1672 Johan de Witt, raadpensionaris van Holland, 1653–1672 Reference code : 3.01.17 Period : 1465–1732 Extent : 231 items, 36.10 metres Abstract These archives consist of the papers of Pensionary Johan de Witt. The material contains correspondence with various authorities, boards, envoys and private individuals in the Republic and abroad, and registers regarding various subjects, such as war, commerce, maritime matters, foreign affairs. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1465–1684 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the registers regarding trade and admiralty, De Witt’s correspondence with the Admiralties and Dutch envoys in the Baltic Sea region, and a ship’s log concerning a voyage to the Baltic Sea. • • • •

2687–2688: Registers entitled Commercie 1465–1684 (2 volumes). 2703–2705: Missives of the Meuse, Amsterdam and Noorderkwartier Admiralties, 1653–1672 (3 folders). 2708x: Ship’s log by lieutenant admiral J. van Wassenaar regarding his voyage to the Baltic Sea, 1658–1659 (1 volume). 2756–2765: Copies of reports of the various Admiralty Boards to the States General, 1653–1670 (10 folders).

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2773–2775a: Documents entitled “Maritime matters I, II, III and IV”, 1651–1672 (1 folder). 2780–2788: Correspondence with Dutch envoys in Germany (including Gdansk), 1653–1672 (9 folders). 2796–2800x: Correspondence with Dutch envoys in Denmark and documents regarding negotiations with Denmark, 1649–1672 (6 folders). 2801–2806: Correspondence with Dutch envoys in Sweden and documents regarding negotiations with Sweden, 1649–1671 (6 folders). 2807: Missives from the extraordinary envoy at Poland, 1659–1669 (1 folder). 2839: Various documents regarding foreign relations, includes newsletters from envoys, 1664–1672 (1 folder).

Accessibility “Inventaris van het archief van Johan de Witt, raadpensionaris van Holland, 1653–1672” (1880/1989). Record creator / provenance Johan de Witt (1625–1672) studied law in Leiden from 1641. In 1644 Johan and his brother Cornelis joined their father on a mission to Denmark and Sweden, followed by a two-year tour of France and England. On his return, Johan de Witt became a lawyer in The Hague, before being appointed pensionary of Dordrecht in 1650. Shortly thereafter, stadtholder Willem II died, leaving only his wife, pregnant with Willem III. In 1651, it was decided that the provinces would not elect a new stadtholder. In 1653, the States of Holland appointed De Witt as pensionary of Holland and West-Friesland. Despite the decision of the States of Holland, in 1654, that Willem II’s son would never become stadtholder, the Oranges remained very popular among the population. All through De Witt’s term of ofce as pensionary, conicts between the Orangeists and the regents remained a problem, especially when the Republic was threatened by war. The Orangeists were generally in favour of waging war, whereas Johan de Witt and his followers would rather negotiate peace. In 1672, nally, when the Republic was threatened from four sides at the same time (by England, France and the dioceses of Münster and Cologne), De Witt was blamed. After an attempt at his life in June 1672, he resigned from ofce in August. In the meantime, Prince Willem III had been appointed stadtholder of Holland and Zeeland. Shortly after De Witt’s resignation, his brother Cornelis was imprisoned for a supposed attempt at Willem III’s life. He was cleared, but exiled from Holland. When

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Johan came to collect him from prison on 20 August 1672, the brothers were lynched by the gathered crowd. Custodial history This collection was originally part of the collection of the States of Holland and still has the old inventory numbers. Related materials • •

States of Holland and West-Friesland (reference code: 3.01.04.01). De Witt-Beyerman family (reference code: 3.20.66.01), including a report of the mission of Johan de Witt’s father Jacob to Sweden and Denmark.

Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, 1586–1618 Record group Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, 1586–1618 Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, 1586–1618 Reference code : 3.01.14 Period : 985–1619 Extent : 3772 items, 13.00 metres Abstract These archives consist of the papers of Pensionary Johan van Oldenbarnevelt. They contain documents collected by Van Oldenbarnevelt as pensionary (landsadvocaat) of Holland and West-Friesland, pensionary of the nobility, leader of the representatives of the States of Holland at the States General, lawyer at the Court of Holland and pensionary of Rotterdam. The material includes documents regarding the meetings of the States of Holland, the nobility and the States General, nancial matters, military matters, provincial and foreign affairs, religion, justice, trade, trade companies, water management and the admiralty. The collection also contains some documents belonging to other archives.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1566–1618 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are several items concerning trade and diplomatic relations with the Baltic Sea region, the levying of various maritime dues and the admiralty. PENSIONARY OF HOLLAND AND WEST-FRIESLAND Financial matters •

137: Documents regarding a dispute between the council of Enkhuizen and the States of Friesland for the benet of Harlingen, regarding the payment of tun and beacon dues by the captains sailing through the Vlie, the Marsdiep or the Wadden Sea to Enkhuizen, 1598 and 1601, copies (3 pieces).

Foreign affairs Denmark •

491: Missives of Christian IV, king of Denmark and Norway, to the States of Holland and Zeeland regarding overdue payments to Danish ofcer Wilhelm Otten, who served in the Republican army, 1590, copy (1 piece).

LEADER OF THE REPRESENTATIVES AT THE STATES GENERAL Foreign affairs Denmark •

•

1509: Instruction by the States General for a diplomatic mission to King Frederick II of Denmark and Norway, to negotiate regarding the arrest of some Dutch ships and other matters, draft, 1587 (1 piece). 1512: Memorandum including additional remarks to a memorandum submitted to the States General at an earlier date, regarding, among other subjects, the peace negotiations between Denmark and Spain, and

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•

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the proposals to include the Republic in these in connection with the Sound toll, and the threats of the Hanseatic towns regarding free trade on the North Sea, copy, 1598 (1 piece). 1514: Verbaal (report) of the diplomatic mission to Denmark in 1599 concerning the arrest of Dutch ships in the Sound and other matters, copy, 1599 (1 quire). 1515: Verbaal of the diplomatic missions to Denmark in 1566 regarding the arrest of seven Dutch ships, the obstruction of free trade to Sweden because of the Swedish-Danish war and the levying of tolls on wine, copy, 1566 (1 quire and 1 piece). 1516–1524: Various documents regarding the problems of Dutch merchants due to the Swedish-Danish war, copies, 1613–1618 (13 pieces).

Hanseatic towns •

•

•

•

1843: Documents regarding the negotiations between the States General and the towns of Cologne, Bremen, Stralsund and Gdansk regarding the opening up of the harbours of Antwerp and Bruges, the levying of convooien en licenten (a lastage for the protection of trade) in Hamburg and Bremen, and a complaint by Hamburg regarding trade barriers in Friesland, copies, 1604 (2 quires). 1844: Documents regarding negotiations between the States General and envoys of the German princes and towns regarding various matters, including trade, copies, 1608 (2 quires). 1846: Register of treaties concluded between the Republic and the Hanseatic towns, Sweden and the Republic of Venice, copy, 1613–1616 (1 volume). 1847: Missive of the States General to the Hanseatic League advising them to keep out of political and religious matters which could trouble their relation, draft, [1617] (1 piece).

Lübeck •

1863–1879: Various documents regarding the relations between the Republic and the town of Lübeck, also in connection with the problems faced by both in Denmark, 1611–1618 (16 pieces and 1 quire).

Poland •

2119: Act of procuration by King Sigismund of Poland and Sweden for Herbert Medeman to conscate all goods and ships found in foreign

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ports, because of the conict between him and Karl, hereditary prince of Sweden, regarding the Swedish crown, 1599 (1 piece). 2120: Missive of a person from Silesia to the States General regarding negotiations between representatives from Poland and Spain regarding, among other things, plans by Poland to make an attempt at conciliation with Denmark in connection with shipping through the Sound and the consequences of this for the Republic, copy 1601 (1 piece).

Russia •

2133–2135: Various documents regarding requests by the Russian tsar for support in the war against Poland, and regarding free trade for Dutch merchants to Russia, 1613–1618 (4 pieces and 1 quire).

Sweden •

2501: Documents regarding negotiations between envoys of Sweden and the Republic concerning an alliance, military support of the Republic to Sweden, and the reimbursement of damages by Sweden concerning the arrest of Dutch ships, 1610–1611 (2 quires and 2 pieces).

Various countries •

2528: Various newsletters, including a letter from Gdansk, 1601 (3 pieces).

Trade •

•

•

2576: Placard of the States General concerning the loading and unloading of incoming and outgoing goods, the payment of convooien en licenten and measures against fraud, draft, [1586] (1 quire). 2583: Documents regarding the negotiations between the States General and the secretary of the Hanseatic towns regarding, among other things, freedom of trade, copies, 1586 (5 pieces). 2590: Extract from a resolution from the States General regarding the reimbursement to be paid to a wine merchant from Lübeck, copy, 1608 (1 piece).

Admiralty •

3177: Report by the representatives of the Admiralty Boards to the States General regarding the drawing up of a placard regarding trade

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to France, North Africa, Italy, England, Scotland, Denmark, the Sound, the Belt, the Elbe and the Ems, copy, 1599 (1 piece). 3180–3189: Alphabetical lists of the convooien to be levied by Holland and Zeeland on various imported and exported goods, copies, 1578–1596 (6 quires, 3 pieces and 1 bundle). 3190–3217: List of receipts of the convooien en licenten by the Admiralty Boards, 1584–1610 (29 quires and 74 pieces). 3218–3242: Various documents regarding the supervision on the levying of various maritime dues, 1578–1616 (21 pieces and 9 quires).

Accessibility H.J.Ph.G. Kaajan, “Archief van Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, 1586–1619” (1984), 2 Vols., with extensive introduction in Dutch. Record creator / provenance Johan van Oldenbarnevelt (1547–1619) studied law in Leuven, Bourges, Cologne, Heidelberg and Padua. After nishing his studies, he became a lawyer at the Court of Holland. In 1575 he was appointed government attorney at the same institution, but a year later he became pensionary of the town of Rotterdam. He was part of the mission of the States General to offer Queen Elizabeth of England the Republic’s sovereignty in 1585. A year later, Van Oldenbarnevelt was elected pensionary of Holland and West-Friesland, and he managed to extend the competences of this ofce considerably. Instead of a secretary, he became the president of the States of Holland and thus gained a large inuence. Van Oldenbarnevelt’s downfall came when he supported the Arminians in the religious conict between them and the Gomarists. In 1617, Prince Maurits chose the side of the Gomarists, thus stressing the political conict between him and Van Oldenbarnevelt, which in the subsequent period almost led to a civil war. However, in August of 1618 Van Oldenbarnevelt was arrested together with Hugo Grotius and a few others, and eventually executed on 13 May 1619. Publications •

Haak, S.P., and A.J. Veenendaal sr (eds.), Johan van Oldenbarnevelt. Bescheiden betreffende zijn staatkundig beleid en zijn familie, 3 Vols. (Rijksgeschiedkundige Publicatiën, Grote Serie, various Vols.) (The Hague, 1934–1967); including some of the materials in these archives.

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Laurens Pieter van de Spiegel, LL.M, 1787–1795 Record group Laurens Pieter van de Spiegel, LL.M, 1787–1795 Mr. Laurens Pieter van de Spiegel, 1787–1795 Reference code : 3.01.26 Period : 1229–1816 Extent : 713 items, 17.70 metres Abstract These archives consist of the papers of Pensionary Laurens Pieter van de Spiegel. They contain documents collected by Van de Spiegel before he became pensionary and as pensionary of Holland and West-Friesland, and records collected by him in connection with his ofcial activities. The material includes documents regarding his appointment, internal affairs, nances, military matters, admiralties, the East and West India Companies (VOC and WIC), foreign affairs and provincial matters. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1487–1794 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant is a large amount of correspondence with Dutch envoys abroad and foreign envoys in the Republic. Also important is a collection of documents concerning the Admiralty. VAN DE SPIEGEL AS PENSIONARY OF HOLLAND AND WEST-FRIESLAND Correspondence •

46: Incoming correspondence of Van de Spiegel, including letters from Dutch envoys abroad, 1787 (82 pieces).

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Foreign affairs • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

172: Drafts of letters to the envoy at the Imperial court in Vienna, 1790–1792 (6 quires). 175: Drafts of letters to the envoy at the Prussian court, 1787–1792 (5 pieces and 32 quires). 178: Drafts of letters to the envoy at the Danish court, 1789–1791 (1 quire). 179: Drafts of letters to the envoy at the Russian court, 1791–1792 (3 quires). 183: Drafts of letters to various envoys, including letters to envoys in Sweden, Denmark, Vienna, Hamburg, Russia and Gdansk, 1788–1792 (17 quires and 2 pieces). 187: Letters sent by the envoy at the Imperial court, 1788–1794 (61 pieces). 190: Letters sent by the envoy at the Prussian court and from Warsaw, 1787–1794 (560 pieces). 195, 196: Letters sent by the envoys at the Lower Saxony Kreits in Hamburg, 1788–1791 and 1794 (22 pieces). 197, 198: Letters sent by the envoy and secretary at the Danish court, 1788–1793 (117 pieces). 199: Letters sent by the envoy at the Swedish court, 1788–1794 (186 pieces). 200: Letters sent by the consul at Karlskrona, 1790 (1 piece). 201: Letters sent by the commissioner at Gdansk, 1788–1794 (42 pieces). 202, 203: Letters sent by the envoys at St. Petersburg, 1789–1794 (167 pieces). 217, 218: Letters sent by envoys of the German Emperor, 1793–1794 (7 pieces). 224–226: Letters sent by envoys of the Prussian king, 1788–1794 (31 pieces). 229, 230: Letters sent by envoys of the Danish king, 1789–1794 (24 pieces). 231, 232: Letters sent by envoys of the Swedish king, 1788–1793 (9 pieces). 233: Letters sent by an envoy from Poland, 1792–1794 (30 pieces). 234: Letters sent by an envoy of the Russian tsar, 1792 (2 pieces).

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DOCUMENTS COLLECTED BY VAN DER SPIEGEL IN CONNECTION WITH HIS OFFICIAL ACTIVITIES Admiralty •

409: Retroacts concerning the Admiralty, bought from the estate of pensionary Van Bleiswijk, 1487–1727 (1 piece).

Foreign affairs •

•

478: Letter by the envoy Maarten van der Goes to the pensionary with a list of the Danish eet, 1790, a short sketch of Denmark, 1788, and some other documents regarding the state of the kingdom (9 pieces). 480: Copy of a letter by the Swedish envoy to the States General regarding the state of Swedish trade, 1792 (7 pieces).

Accessibility Hingman and Heeres, “Inventaris van het archief en andere bescheiden en handschriften van de raadspensionaris van Holland mr. Laurens Pieter van de Spiegel, 1787–1795” (1895). Record creator / provenance Laurens van de Spiegel (1736–1800) became secretary of the town of Goes in 1759 and councillor and burgomaster in 1768. In 1780 he was appointed secretary of the States of Zeeland and in 1785 pensionary of Zeeland. In 1787, nally, he was elected pensionary of Holland and WestFriesland, but he was discharged in 1795 after the Batavian Revolution. He was imprisoned from 1796 to 1798 and went into exile in Lingen in 1799, where he died in 1800. Related materials •

States of Holland and West-Friesland (reference code: 3.01.04.01).

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Maarten van der Goes van Dirxland Record group Maarten van der Goes van Dirxland Maarten van der Goes van Dirxland Reference code : 2.21.073 Period : 1758–1824 Extent : 108 items, 1.2 metres Abstract The collection consists of: personal papers mostly regarding Van der Goes’ political career; correspondence; travel accounts; papers concerning his envoyship in Copenhagen and Spain; papers pertaining to his functions at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and his career after he left that Department; and miscellaneous documents. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1758–1824 : Denmark, Germany, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch

Relevant materials include the following items: • •

2: Papers concerning Van der Goes’s appointment and discharge as envoy in Denmark and the Dutch Kreitz at Hamburg (1 folder). 16, 17, 19: Condential and private correspondence (mostly diplomatic) with various people, including: * Commander d’Aranjo at Dresden and St. Petersburg, 1802, 1804 (item 16). * Bangeman Huygens, envoy in Denmark, 1801 (item 16). * H.W. Bassenije, representative of the King of Saxony, 1807 (item 16). * Mr. Bordeaux, envoy at Berlin, 1801–1806 (item 16). * Willem Buys, envoy at (?) Stockholm and St. Petersburg, 1800–1801 (item 16). * C.C. de Danniskiold-Löwendal, Danish envoy at The Hague, 1804 (item 17). * Mr. Hultman, envoy at Berlin, 1801 (item 17).

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•

•

•

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* Ant. Abr. Loofs at Stockholm, 1801 (item 17). * Count Löwenhielm at Malmö, 1807 (item 17). * Mr. de Sonja at Copenhagen, 1793 (item 19). * C. de Tersmeden, Swedish envoy in the Netherlands, 1805 (item 19). 24–30: Papers pertaining to Van der Goes’s envoyship in Denmark, including: * 24: Ofcial correspondence with the Grand Pensionary L.P. van de Spiegel, 1788–1793 (1 bundle). * 25: Copies, extracts and notes from various papers concerning international affairs, mostly relating to Denmark, 1755–1793 (1 bundle). * 26: Register including correspondence, sketch of Denmark for Grand Pensionary Van de Spiegel, descriptions of the toll chamber in Copenhagen and the military system in Denmark, and power of attorney for Ph.Fr. Tinne as Van der Goes’s representative, 1785–1789. * 28: Lists of ships of the Danish Royal Navy passing through the Sound between 1775 and 1792 (1 folder). * 29: Letters from the States General and F. de Coninck, acting envoy in Denmark, concerning De Coninck’s other functions at the Danish court, 1793 (1 folder). * 30: Expenses claims and other papers concerning nancial matters relating to the sojourn in Copenhagen, 1792–1793 (1 folder). 35–76: Papers pertaining to Van der Goes’s functions at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, including: * 38: Accounts, reports, notes, etc., concerning Dutch relations with Russia, 1800–1806 (1 folder). * 39: Papers concerning the envoy A.W. van Reede, envoy at the court of Prussia and accused of high treason, 1795 (1 folder). * 47: Secret papers concerning the mission of J.A. Baron de Vos van Steenwijck to Berlin in connection with the war with England, 1799–1800 (1 bundle). * 50: Papers concerning the negotiations between the Duke of Württemberg and the Russian court about the Batavian Republic, 1800–1802 (1 folder). * 52: Account of travel and accommodation expenses of the journey of the envoy W. Buys from St. Petersburg to Moscow, 1801 (1 quire). 93: Extracts from the indices of the resolutiën (proceedings) of the States of Holland, 1524–1637, among other subjects concerning: foreign affairs, commerce, consuls, Denmark, contracts, peace, trade and Sweden.

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Accessibility Inventory (in Dutch) (1940), with a short introduction. Record creator / provenance Among several other functions, Maarten Baron van der Goes, Lord of Dirxland (1751–1826), served as Dutch envoy at the Danish court between 1785 and 1793. He was employed at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 1797 onward and left the Department as its Minister in 1808. Between 1815 and his death in 1826 he was a member of the Upper Chamber of the States General. Related materials •

Diplomatic Mission in Denmark, 1729–1810 (reference code: 1.02.12).

Manuscripts Third Department until 1950 Record group Manuscripts Third Department until 1950 Handschriften Derde Afdeling tot en met 1950 Reference code : 3.22.01.01 Period : 13th–16th centuries Extent : 1912 items, 41.70 metres Abstract This collection consists of manuscripts of the former third department of the National Archives and thus concerns the province of South-Holland. It contains unsorted manuscripts regarding a wide range of subjects. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1445–1767 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, various languages

Four items are relevant with regard to trade with the Baltic Sea region:

national archives of the netherlands •

• • •

1459

74: Collection of sentences of both Courts of Justice in Holland, including sentences, legal advice, etc., including documents regarding a case between a merchant of Hamburg, represented by an Amsterdam merchant, against the reeve and bailiff regarding the law of wreck in the domain Callantsoog, eighteenth century (1 bundle). 1068: Act of King Christopher III of Denmark, Sweden and Norway, protecting the bearer, skipper Erik, his ship and crew, 1445 (1 charter). 1121: Document of Van Schimmelman at Copenhagen regarding the herring company at Altona, 1767 (1 piece). 1122: Agreement between the States of Holland and the town of Hamburg regarding the herring trade, 1609, copy second half eighteenth century (1 piece).

Accessibility J.A. Jaeger, “Handschriften. Derde Afdeling. Tot en met 1950” (1968).

Ministery of Finance: 1795–1813 Record group Ministery of Finance: 1795–1813 Ministerie van Financiën: 1795–1813 Reference code : 2.01.21 Period : 1588–1814 Extent : 1776 items, 200.9 metres Abstract These archives consist of the administration of the consecutive government bodies responsible for state nances from the 1795 revolution on. The material concerns the supervision on all state income, tariffs on imports and exports, the upholding of placards and laws, and the verication of accounts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1795–1801 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, French

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Relevant are mainly the documents regarding the convooien en licenten (a lastage for the protection of trade), 1795–1801 (nos. 199–210:O, 18 folders, 7 bundles and 2 volumes). Accessibility “Inventaris van de archieven van het Ministerie van Financiën, 1798–1813” (1899); also available online at the repository’s website.

Ministry of War, Foreign Maps Record group Ministry of War, Foreign Maps Ministerie van Oorlog, buitenlandse kaarten Reference code : 4.OBK Period : 17th–19th centuries Extent : c. 210 maps Abstract This collection, deriving from the Ministry of War, is of a miscellaneous character and consists of regional as well as town maps, apparently mostly printed. All maps concern locations outside the Netherlands. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1600–1800 : Denmark, Finland, Germany, Russia, Sweden : English, French, High German

The collection contains maps dating from before 1800 of the following regions and towns: •

•

GDANSK (Danzig) * 23: Produced by C.C. Glassbach (?), also showing the town’s surrounding and the river, 1783. ST. PETERSBURG * 24: Published by R. and J. Ottens at Amsterdam, also showing the town’s surroundings, eighteenth century (?).

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SCANDINAVIA * 25: Published by R. and J. Ottens at Amsterdam, eighteenth century (?).

In addition, the collection includes a number of maps of which the dates are unknown and / or which do not specically concern the Baltic Sea and its coasts. These maps depict, for instance, the whole or large sections of Germany (items 4–6, 8, 14, 107), Russia (20, 97), Finland (26), Denmark (108) and Sweden (127). Accessibility Handwritten shelf list (in Dutch). Visually attractive The collection includes a few relevant printed maps. Related materials •

Ministry of War, Foreign Plans of Fortresses (reference code: 4.OBPV).

Ministry of War, Foreign Plans of Fortresses Record group Ministry of War, Foreign Plans of Fortresses Ministerie van Oorlog, buitenlandse plans van vestingen Reference code : 4.OBPV Period : 1609–1876 Extent : c. 500 maps Abstract This collection, deriving from the Ministry of War, is of a miscellaneous character but only contains maps of fortresses and towns. It includes both printed and manuscript maps and focuses on Europe and the Dutch colonial possessions. The collection has been arranged alphabetically on town name.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1660–1800 : Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden : Dutch, French, High German

The collection contains maps dating from before 1800 of the following ports: •

•

• • • •

•

• •

EMDEN * 2.161: Manuscript by A. Camerlingh, c. 1700, coloured. * 2.162: Manuscript, with insets showing views of two embankments, 1741, coloured. * 2.163: Manuscript, c. 1780, coloured. * 2.164: Manuscript by W. Blanken, 1800, coloured. GDANSK (Danzig) * 1.133: Published by Hendrik de Leth at Amsterdam, with inset showing a view of the city, c. 1660. * 1.134: Published by Hendrik de Leth at Amsterdam, with inset showing a view of the city, c. 1725. * 1.135: Published by “Hommänischen Erben”, with inset showing a view of the city, 1739. HAMBURG * 2.196: Published by F.A. von Lawrence, c. 1750. KÖNIGSBERG (Kaliningrad) * 2.213: Published by Göbbels and Unzer, 1800, coloured. RIGA * 3.363: Printed, c. 1750. ST. PETERSBURG * 2.226: Eight maps showing the city in 1700, 1705, 1725, 1738, 1756, 1777, 1799 and 1840, published in 1846. * 2.227: Published by Jean Covens en Corn. Mortier at Amsterdam, with insets of the Neva River and the crown castle near St. Petersburg, c. 1750. STOCKHOLM * 4.395: Published by Reinier Ottens at Amsterdam, eighteenth century. STRALSUND * 4.396: Published by Pierre de Hondt at The Hague, 1748. TÖNNING * 4.407: Manuscript, c. 1710, coloured.

national archives of the netherlands •

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WISMAR * 4.455: Manuscript, c. 1725, coloured.

One should note that the collection also includes maps of inland towns in the Baltic Sea region (for instance Berlin, Hannover and Warsaw) as well as maps of ports that date from after 1800. Accessibility Shelf list (in Dutch). Visually attractive The collection includes 16 relevant manuscript and printed maps, some of them coloured. Related materials •

Ministry of War, Foreign Maps (reference code: 4.OBK).

Pieter Steyn, 1749–1772 Record group Pieter Steyn, 1749–1772 Pieter Steyn, 1749–1772 Reference code : 3.01.24 Period : 1352–1783 Extent : 540 items, 7.20 metres Abstract These archives consist of the papers of Pensionary Pieter Steyn. They contain documents collected by him as president of the States of Holland and West-Friesland and as leader of the representation of the States of Holland at the States General, and documents of which the connection to this collection is unclear and those belonging to other archives. The material includes correspondence and appointments, and documents concerning nances, the military, foreign affairs, trade companies and the House of Orange.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1681–1772 : Denmark, Poland, Russia, the Netherlands, various countries : various languages

Relevant are Steyn’s correspondence with Dutch representatives abroad and other documents regarding diplomatic and nancial relations, and trade with the Baltic Sea region. PRESIDENT OF THE STATES OF HOLLAND AND WEST-FRIESLAND Documents of a general nature Correspondence with Dutch representatives abroad •

•

1–4: Missive books of letters sent by Pensionary Pieter Steyn to Dutch representatives abroad and to local and regional governments in the Republic, 1749–1772, with appendices, 1754–1772 (4 volumes and 82 pieces). 5–72: Missives of Dutch representatives abroad to Pensionary Pieter Steyn and registrar of the States General Hendrik Fagel, 1749–1772 (47 pieces, 19 folders, 2 bundles and 29 volumes).

LEADER OF THE REPRESENTATION OF THE STATES OF HOLLAND AT THE STATES GENERAL Foreign affairs Dutch representatives abroad •

249–257: Notes by Pieter Steyn based on the resolutions of the States of Holland and West-Friesland and the States General regarding the payment and appointment of Dutch representatives abroad, drafts, undated (12 pieces and 1 folder). Including notes on the following countries: * 250: Russia, 1681–1753. * 251: Denmark, 1685–1795. * 252: Denmark and Russia, 1720–1765. * 253: Denmark and Portugal, 1728–1755. * 254: Russia, 1729–1765.

national archives of the netherlands •

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267: Extract from a resolution of the States General including approval of extra payments to Barthold Douma van Burmania, envoy at the Imperial court, 1756 (1 piece).

Consuls •

295: Instructions for foreign consuls in Denmark, 1749 (1 piece).

Trade agreements •

•

315: Act by King Christian of Denmark and Norway for his representatives at a conference concerning the renewal of the treaties of commerce of 1705 and 1720, authorizing them to conclude any agreement they approve of, 1731, copy 1756 (1 piece). 316: Treaty of commerce and defence concluded between the States General and Denmark in 1731, copy 1756 (1 piece) (no. 317 includes an additional article regarding customs, copy 1756 (1 piece)).

Finances of foreign powers • • •

332A: List of foreign powers and trade companies and their oustanding debts with Dutch bankers, 1772 (1 piece). 335: Act in which King Frederick II of Prussia regulates the adjudication of Dutch bankrupts in Prussia, 1771 (1 piece). 336: Report regarding the system of Swedish government nancing concerning the years 1765 and 1769, 1769 (1 quire).

Other involvements •

366: Notes by Pieter Steyn regarding claims of Prussian subjects on property and inheritances in the Republic from 1748–1766, 1766 (1 piece).

Accessibility W.E. de Boer-Meiboom, “Archief van Pieter Steyn, 1749–1772” (1979). Record creator / provenance Pieter Steyn (1706–1772), the son of a Haarlem burgomaster, studied law in Leiden and was appointed secretary of the town of Haarlem at the age of twenty. In 1734 he became a member of the council, in 1735 alderman,

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in 1738 a member of the Representative Council and in 1743 a representative at the Amsterdam Admiralty. In 1747 he was appointed burgomaster of Haarlem and two years later pensionary of Holland and West-Friesland. By his contemporaries he was considered a nancial expert, but with a weak character. He faced some serious problems during his ofce as pensionary, such as the decline of the competitive position of the Republic in trade, the Seven Years’ War and the weak nancial position of Zeeland. Steyn died in 1772. Related materials •

States of Holland and West-Friesland (reference code: 3.01.04.01).

Pieter van Bleiswijk, 1772–1787 Record group Pieter van Bleiswijk, 1772–1787 Pieter van Bleiswijk, 1772–1787 Reference code : 3.01.25 Period : 1419–1787 Extent : 663 items, 9.00 metres Abstract These archives consist of the papers of Pensionary Pieter van Bleiswijk. They contain documents collected by him as pensionary of Holland and West-Friesland and as pensionary of Delft, and some records belonging to other archives. The material includes documents regarding internal and foreign affairs. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1700–1787 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the items concerning diplomatic relations and trade to the countries in the Baltic Sea region. These are all to be found in the section of documents of Pieter van Bleiswijk as pensionary of Holland and WestFriesland, in the part concerning foreign affairs.

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GENERAL • •

375: Instruction for envoys in, among other places, Sweden and Prussia, 1780–1781 (5 quires) 376: Notes from the resolutions and secret resolutions of the States of Holland and West-Friesland regarding Dutch envoys abroad, drafts, 1780 (6 pieces). Including: * Denmark in 1753–1768. * Hamburg in 1709–1771. * Russia in 1728–1765. * Sweden in 1720–1777.

DENMARK •

377: Missives by the envoy in Denmark to Pieter van Bleiswijk and the registrar of the States General, 1772–1773 (7 pieces).

POLAND •

•

601: Documents regarding the occupation of Poland by Prussia, Russia and Austria, and the division of the land among them (after Prussia had gained control of Gdansk, which could have great consequences for the Baltic Sea trade), 1772–1773 (1 folder). 602: Documents regarding the occupation of Gdansk by Prussia and the consequences for the Baltic Sea trade, 1773–1774 (8 pieces and 1 quire).

PRUSSIA •

605–607: Letters by Dutch envoys in Prussia to Pieter van Bleiswijk and the States General, 1773–1787 (1 folder, 2 pieces and 1 bundle).

RUSSIA •

•

608–609: Missives by Johan Isaac de Swart, envoy in Russia, to Pieter van Bleiswijk and the registrar of the States General, 1772–1786 (2 bundles). 612: Missives by Johan Isaac de Swart to the registrar of the States General concerning the necessity to protect the trade of neutral powers, 1780 (5 pieces).

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SWEDEN •

645–647: Missives of Dutch envoys in Sweden to Pieter van Bleiswijk, the registrar of the States General and Prince Willem V, 1772–1779 (1 folder and 3 pieces).

Accessibility W.E. Meiboom, “Archief van Pieter van Bleiswijk, 1772–1787” (1982). Record creator / provenance Pieter van Bleiswijk (1724–1790) studied law in Leiden before setting up as a lawyer in Delft. In 1572 he was appointed second pensionary of this town, and four years later he became rst pensionary. In 1772, he succeeded Pieter Steyn as pensionary of Holland and West-Friesland. Because of a conict between the States of Holland and Stadtholder Willem V, he was not reappointed in 1787. In his stead, Laurens van de Spiegel became pensionary. Van Bleiswijk died in 1790. Related materials •

•

Admiralty Boards XXXII, Documents Regarding Maritime and Admiralty Matters in the Archives of Pieter van Bleiswijk (reference code: 1.01.47.22). States of Holland and West-Friesland (reference code: 3.01.04.01).

Provincial Resolutions Record group Provincial Resolutions Provinciale Resoluties Reference code : 1.12.01 Period : 1532–1807 Extent : 784 items, 68.3 metres Abstract This collection consists of the resolutions of the provincial governments of Friesland, Gelderland, Groningen, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht and Zeeland. The material includes resolutions of the provincial meetings

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(Landdagen) of Gelderland (1574–1791), resolutions of the States of Zeeland (1587–1795/1807), extracts from resolutions of the States of Utrecht (1685–1789/1795), resolutions of the States of Friesland (1560–1792), resolutions of knighthood and towns of Overijssel (1600–1794), resolutions of the States of Stad en Lande of Groningen and Ommelanden (1750–1793) and resolutions of the States of Holland and West-Friesland (1557–1793). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1532–1795 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are mainly the resolutions of the seafaring provinces of Holland, Zeeland and Friesland, which include decisions regarding trade and shipping, and diplomatic relations with the Baltic region. ZEELAND •

64–271: Resolutions of the States of Zeeland, 1587–1795 (208 volumes); nos. 272–278 are appendices, 1747–1770 (7 volumes); nos. 310–318 are indices, 1532–1804 (9 volumes).

FRIESLAND •

362–462: Resolutions of the States of Friesland, 1560–1792 (100 volumes); nos. 463–473 are indices, 1583–1759 (10 volumes and 1 folder).

HOLLAND •

570–784: Resolutions of the States of Holland and West-Friesland, 1557–1793 (214 volumes).

Accessibility D. Kortlang, “Inventaris van de collectie resoluties van de Staten van Friesland, Gelderland, Groningen, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht en Zeeland, 1532–1807” (1992); also available online at the repository’s website.

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Radermacher Family Record group Radermacher Family Familie Radermacher Reference code : 1.10.69 Period : 1601–1797 Extent : 638 items Abstract This collection consists of the papers of Samuel and Daniel Radermacher, who were both directors of the Dutch East and West India Companies (VOC and WIC). It contains mainly documents concerning these two companies, in connection with their activities in the Netherlands, the Dutch Indies, Africa and the Americas. Also included is some material regarding commerce companies in Zeeland. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1720–1761 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are two items. The rst concerns the Commerce, Navigation and Insurance Company of Veere (no. 634, from 1720, 1 folder), the second the Commerce Company of Middelburg (no. 635, from 1720–1761, 1 folder). Accessibility M.A.P. Meilink Roelofsz, “Inventaris van het archief van de familie Radermacher, 1460–1800”; also available online at the repository’s website. Related materials •

Zeeland Archives (Middelburg): Commercial Company of Middelburg (reference code: 20).

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Representative Council of the States of Holland in the Zuiderkwartier, 1621–1795 Record group Representative Council of the States of Holland in the Zuiderkwartier, 1621– 1795 Gecommitteeerde Raden van de Staten van Holland in het Zuiderkwartier, 1621–1795 Reference code : 3.01.05 Period : 1434–1810 Extent : 1137 items, 133 metres Abstract This collection consists of the administration of the Representative Council of the States of Holland in the Zuiderkwartier. It includes documents of a general nature, such as resolutions and correspondence, and documents of a particular nature, which regard ofces, domains, nancial, legal, church and military matters, industry and water management. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1621–1795 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the resolutions, correspondence and requests of the Representative Council, which include information on decisions regarding trade and shipping. All these papers belong to the section of documents of a general nature. RESOLUTIONS •

•

3000–3005B, 3007, 3009–3278: Registers of resolutions and draft resolutions of the Representative Council, some including indices, 1621–1795 (271 volumes); nos. 3291–3296 are general indices on the resolutions, 1624–1755 (6 volumes); nos. 3297–3342 are yearly indices, 1749–1794 (46 volumes). 3287–3290: Registers of secret resolutions of the Representative Council, 1646–1672, 1725–1733, 1740–1795 (4 volumes).

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INCOMING DOCUMENTS • •

3410–3530: Incoming missives and reports, 1650–1758 (121 volumes). 3531–3797: Documents dealt with in the meetings of the Representative Council, includes missives, memorandums and requests, 1723–1795 (267 volumes).

DECISIONS REGARDING REQUESTS •

3006, 3008, 3345–3408: Registers of decisions regarding requests (appointementen), acts, etc., 1652–1660 and 1680–1795 (66 volumes).

Accessibility H.J.Ph.G. Kaajan, “Inventaris van het archief van de Gecommitteerde Raden van de Staten van Holland in het Zuiderkwartier 1621–1795 (1809)”. Record creator / provenance From 1572, the States of Holland were the highest administrative body in the province of Holland. Although representatives were sent to the States General, the provinces were all autonomous. The States consisted of representatives of the nobility and of the towns. The meetings were presided by the landsadvocaat, from 1621 called raadpensionaris, pensionary. The decisions of the States, recorded in the resolutions, could not be imposed on the towns. The daily administration of the province was executed by the Representative Councils of the Noorderkwartier and the Zuiderkwartier. The rst had come into existence when the Noorderkwartier was cut off from the rest of Holland by the Spaniards. The Zuiderkwartier came into being more gradually, when it became apparent that the States of Holland could not take care of the daily government of the province. Attempts to combine the two Councils failed due to the striving for independence by the Noorderkwartier. The Zuiderkwartier consisted of the southern part of the present-day province of North-Holland, the province of South-Holland and the north-west of the province of Brabant. Copies As nos. 3291–3296 and 3304–3342 have been put on microches, the originals can no longer be consulted. The microches are available in the self-service reading room, case D7b drawer 16.

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Related materials •

States of Holland and West-Friesland, 1572–1795 (reference code: 3.01.04.01).

Secretariat to the Stadtholder Record group Secretariat to the Stadtholder Stadhouderlijke Secretarie Reference code : 1.01.50 Period : 1600–1795 Extent : 2046 items, 47.72 metres Abstract This collection consists of the administration of the stadtholders of the Republic, who had their own cabinet and secretariat to support them in their various posts in the Generality. The collection mainly concerns the period after 1747. The material includes the documents collected by the stadtholders as part of their posts in the Generality (for example regarding military, admiralty and nancial matters), documents regarding trade, their position as stadtholder of the various provinces and their post as governor-general of the Dutch East and West India Companies (VOC and WIC), documents of the stadtholders before 1747, resolutions concerning the administration of the Generality, the provinces and the VOC, and some deposited records of army commanders and Prince Willem Frederik. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1585–1795 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, various languages

Relevant is the stadtholders’ correspondence with the States General and envoys and authorities abroad, and the resolutions of various authorities. These contain information on diplomatic relations, trade and shipping with the Baltic Sea region. Also included are documents specically concerning trade in the eighteenth century.

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DOCUMENTS COLLECTED BY THE STADTHOLDERS IN CONNECTION WITH THEIR DUTIES IN THE GENERALITY General administration •

30–71: Incoming and outgoing correspondence between the Stadtholders and the States General, with appendices, 1745–1795 (41 folders).

Foreign affairs General • •

80, 81: Treaties between the Republic and foreign powers, with a list and index (copies, partly printed), 1585–1784 (2 bundles). 82: Documents concerning the regulations regarding internal and foreign missions and the reimbursement of costs to envoys of the Republic abroad who have to travel from their posts, 1700–1790 (1 bundle).

German Emperor •

146–148: Incoming correspondence from Dutch and imperial representatives, 1750–1789 (3 folders).

Prussia •

152–157: Incoming letters and verbalen (reports) from Dutch and Prussian diplomatic representatives, and from the king of Prussia, 1730–1792 (2 bundles, 4 folders and 1 piece).

Lower Saxony Kreits and the Hanseatic towns, Saxony and Poland •

203–208: Incoming correspondence from Dutch diplomatic representatives at the Lower Saxony Kreits, in Saxony and Poland (commissioner’s ofce Gdansk) and the resident of Poland in the Republic, 1742–1783 (6 folders).

Sweden •

289–299: Incoming letters from the Swedish king and from Swedish envoys in the Hague, and outgoing letters from the stadtholders to the king, 1775, 1787 (2 folders).

national archives of the netherlands •

1475

300–304: Letters from the Dutch representatives in Sweden and the Swedish envoy in The Hague to the States General and the pensionary of Holland, 1753–1792 (5 bundles, 1 folder and 1 volume).

Denmark •

306–313: Incoming documents from Dutch diplomatic and consular representatives in Denmark, a Danish minister and a Danish envoy in the Netherlands, 1750–1792 (8 folders).

Russia •

315–319: Letters from the Dutch diplomatic representative in Russia to the States General and the pensionary of Holland, 1749–1792 (5 folders).

DOCUMENTS REGARDING THE REPUBLIC’S TRADE, PARTICULARLY WITH REGARD TO THE DECLINE OF TRADE AND PROPOSALS TO TURN THE DECLINE •

•

•

• • •

• • •

532: Treatises regarding the founding of a national commerce chamber in The Hague, and local commerce chambers in various other towns, 1748, 1749 (1 folder). 533: Recommendations and reports from Dutch merchants and the councillor scal of the Meuse Admiralty concerning the recovery of the waning trade of the Republic, 1750–1752 and undated (1 bundle). 534: Treatise concerning the Republic’s commerce, submitted to the States General and the States of Holland by the stadtholder, with recommendations and reports in reply to this, 1751–1754 (1 bundle). 535: Drafts of the treatise mentioned under no. 534, 1751 (1 folder). 536–548: Various reactions to the proposals to improve trade, 1751–1754 and eighteenth century (10 folders, 3 volumes, 1 bundle and 1 piece). 549: List of resolutions from the States of Holland in which exemption or a reduction of the dues on various products are set, 1750–1771 (1 piece). 550: Letter of the merchants of Holland to the princess-governess concerning the decline in trade, 1758 (1 piece). 551: Report regarding the state of the Republic’s trade, 1759 (1 folder). 556: Documents regarding Holland’s foreign trade, 1747–1759 (1 folder).

1476 • • •

•

•

the netherlands

557: Letters to the stadtholder and the pensionary concerning the Republic’s foreign trade relations, 1748, 1749 (1 folder). 564: List of dues of incoming and outgoing goods of the Amsterdam and Meuse Admiralties, 1754 (1 folder). 574: Letter to the States General concerning a contribution from the merchant vessels sailing to the Baltic Sea in the costs of beacons at the entrance of the Sound from the Kattegat, 1782 (1 piece). 575: Request of merchants and inhabitants of Amsterdam to the States General concerning the protection of trade and shipping, 1785 (1 quire). 578: Documents regarding the trade of the towns of Emden and Hamburg, second half of the eighteenth century (1 folder).

DOCUMENTS FROM THE STADTHOLDERS REGARDING THE PERIOD BEFORE 1747 Foreign affairs German Empire •

1383–1386: Incoming letters from Germany, 1674–1691 (4 folders).

Sweden • •

1410: Letter from the Swedish envoy in the Republic to the States General, 1674 (1 folder). 1412: Extract from a letter by an unknown author regarding an agreement between Russia and Sweden, 1726 (1 piece).

Denmark •

1413: Incoming letters from representatives of the States General in Copenhagen, 1659, 1660 (1 folder).

Internal affairs •

1480: Report by the commissioner of the convooien en licenten (a lastage for the protection of trade), concerning the state of commerce, 1688 (1 piece).

national archives of the netherlands

1477

Various provinces Holland •

1498: Instructions by the States General for envoys of the Republic abroad, 1582, 1624, 1635, and documents concerning the appointment of envoys, 1651–1673 (1 folder).

Resolutions and appendices regarding the administration of the Generality, the provinces and the VOC • •

•

1675–1681: Resolutions of the States General regarding foreign affairs, 1760–1770 (7 folders). 1685–1707: Collection of secret resolutions of the States General and of the States of the provinces regarding foreign affairs, diplomatic representation, etc., 1746–1788 (22 volumes and 1 folder). 1792–1820: Diplomatic newsletters (largely printed), 1692–1795 (28 bundles).

DEPOSITED ARCHIVES Documents regarding the Republic’s trade collected by T.I. de Larrey, secret council of the stadtholder • • • • •

• •

1933–1954: Incoming letters to T.I. de Larrey from Dutch merchants and other persons, 1747–1755 and undated (22 folders). 1955: Drafts of outgoing letters by T.I. de Larrey, 1746–1755 (1 bundle). 1956: Report by T.I. de Larrey to the stadtholder regarding the state of commerce, 1748 (1 piece). 1957: Journals and minutes of meetings regarding the subject of trade by various dignitaries, 1750–1757 (1 bundle). 1958: Ordinance of King Frederik V of Denmark concerning the duties of consuls with regard to merchants and trade, with German and Dutch translations, 1749 (1 folder). 1960: Exposition by J. la Farque in response to the treatise regarding the Republic’s trade, 1751 (1 folder). 1961: Letter of lieutenant-admiral C. Schrijver to pensionary P. Steyn regarding the measuring of ships for the sake of calculating lastage, 1751 (1 folder).

1478 •

the netherlands

1965: Exposition regarding transit trade, second half of the eighteenth century (1 piece).

Accessibility “Inventaris van het archief van de Stadhouderlijke Secretarie, 1600–1795”; also available online at the repository’s website. Related materials Related are resolutions and other documents produced by the States General (reference codes: 1.01.03–1.01.08) and the archives of the diplomatic missions (reference codes: 1.02.01–1.02.13).

States General, 1550–1796 Record group States General, 1550–1796 Staten-Generaal, 1550–1796 Reference code : 1.01.03 Period : 1550–1796 Extent : 17454 items, 1030.3 metres Abstract The archives of the States General, the main governmental body of the Netherlands as a whole, are divided into six main sections. Resolutions (resoluties) (1.01.03): These include the decisions taken by the States General regarding all kinds of subjects, either on the initiative of provincial representatives, or as a result of incoming documents from within the Republic or from abroad. Appendices to the resolutions (bijlagen bij de resoluties) (1.01.04): The appendices contain the incoming and outgoing documents that formed the basis for the meetings of the States General. The documents include those sent and received by administrators on a national, regional and local level in the Republic, the directors of the Dutch East and West India Companies (VOC and the WIC), Dutch diplomats abroad, foreign diplomats in the Netherlands and private individuals within the Republic.

national archives of the netherlands

1479

Continuation of the appendices to the resolutions (vervolg bijlagen bij de resoluties) (1.01.05): These appendices contain the Staten van Oorlog (the apportionment of the costs of war among the provinces), reports (verbalen) of Dutch diplomats, the representation of the States General in the provinces, the Generality lands and in East-Friesland, reports of military operation of army and eet in Europe and in the colonies, documents regarding the VOC and WIC, and accounts. Missive books, pigeonholes, secret case (brievenboeken, loketkast, secrete kast) (1.01.06): This section consists of the missive books and various documents kept in the loketkast and secrete kast. These include original letters from and to the States, copies of incoming and drafts of outgoing correspondence and printed publications from the States General. Also included are acts of the States General, registers regarding personal particulars of the members of the States and their servants, and nally the contents of the lokestkast and the secrete kast, cases to hold documents. In this part of the archives, these consist of documents regarding current affairs, individual cases and lawsuits in which the States interfered, the mint and the Admiralty. Continuation pigeonholes, continuation secret case (vervolg loketkast, vervolg secrete kast) (1.01.07): In this part of the archives, the lokestkast and the secrete kast consist of documents regarding the convooien en licenten (a lastage for the protection of shipping), VOC, WIC, lands of the Generality, East-Friesland, and northern, central and eastern Europe and the Baltic region. Continuation pigeonholes, continuation secret case and ratications, etc. (vervolg loketkast, vervolg secrete kast en raticaties, etc.) (1.01.08): In this part of the archives, the lokestkast and the secrete kast consist of documents regarding western Europe, southern Europe and northern Africa, Asia, and bonds. Furthermore, this section includes treaties and ratications, transferred records originating from institutes and individuals, and inventories of the collection and catalogues of the book collection of the States General.

1480

the netherlands

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1550–1803 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, French, various languages

Relevant materials are to be found in all six sections of the archives. RESOLUTIONS (RESOLUTIES) (1.01.03): As the States General took decisions on a large number of subjects, including trade and shipping and foreign affairs, almost all of the contents are relevant. Of the resolutions regarding special subjects, only those concerning maritime matters and relations with Sweden and Denmark have been included. A: Ordinaris resolutions 1–257: Registers of ordinaris resolutions, 1576–1684 (257 volumes); the oldest registers are in French; the volumes from the period 1600–1637 include an alphabetical index in each volume. • 258–1733: Eerste minuten, rst originals of the minutes of the States General, 1672–1796 (1476 volumes); these minuten were concluded in the meetings themselves, to be extended afterwards and summarised in the next meeting, resulting in summarised originals. • 1734–3094: Summarised originals of the minutes of the meetings of the States General, 1671–1796 (1361 volumes). • 3095–3242: Neat copies of the resolutions, 1576–1671 (148 volumes). • 3243–3681: Second series of neat copies of the resolutions, 1638–1796 (439 volumes); from 1700 these include indices on personal names and subjects. • 3682–3726: Various indices on the ordinaris resolutions, 1576-eighteenth century (44 volumes and 1 folder). • 3727–3864: Printed registers of the ordinaris resolutions, 1671–1798 (138 volumes); from 1692 these include an index (the registers from 1691–1704 are kept in record group 1.10.94, inv. nos. 400–456); nos. 3865–3868 are indices, 1700–1749 (4 volumes); the printed resolutions generally only include foreign affairs and subjects of a general importance, such as defence and trade, but not local affairs or requests of individuals. •

national archives of the netherlands

1481

B: Secret resolutions •

• •

3904–3913: Registers of original secret resolutions, 1592–1670 (10 volumes); the secret resolutions from the periods 1604–1608 (January) and 1609 (May)–1615 are included in the registers of ordinaris resolutions. 3914–4559: Summarised originals of the secret resolutions, 1671–1796 (646 volumes). 4560–4797: Registers of neat secret resolutions, including indices on personal names and subject matters in each volume, 1592–1795 (238 volumes); nos. 4798–4805 are general indices on the secret resolutions, 1648–1789 (8 volumes).

C: Ordinaris and secret resolutions regarding special subjects •

•

4818–4822: Resolutions regarding maritime matters, 1597, 1630–1639, 1672 and 1679–1683 (5 volumes); no. 4819 is an index on the resolutions regarding maritime matters from 1597. 4859a: Register of resolutions regarding Sweden and Denmark, 1644–1646 (1 volume).

APPENDICES TO THE RESOLUTIONS (BIJLAGEN BIJ DE RESOLUTIES) (1.01.04): Relevant are the documents regarding current affairs, which include correspondence between the national, regional and local authorities concerning trade and shipping, the bundles concerning admiralty and maritime matters, and the correspondence with envoys and other authorities in Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Poland and Russia. Also important are applications for passports. All these are to be found in the section of “Incoming letters and documents and drafts of outgoing letters collected in the Liassen (bundles)”. Liassen internal affairs Liassen loopende, current affairs •

•

4862–5461: Incoming letters and documents of a general nature, 1588– 1796 (600 bundles); Inv. nos. 4862–4866 have been moved to collection 1.01.01. 5462–5477: Incoming secret letters and documents of a general nature, 1700–1796 (16 bundles).

1482

the netherlands

Liassen Admiraliteyten, admiralty matters • •

•

5478–5714: Incoming letters and documents regarding admiralty and maritime matters, 1613–1795 (245 bundles). 5715–5718: Lists of incoming convooien en licenten (a lastage for the protection of shipping) handed in by the Admiralty, 1621–1671 (4 bundles). 5719–5722: Incoming secret letters and documents regarding admiralty and maritime matters, 1700–1795 (4 bundles).

Liassen external affairs Liassen Hoogduytschlandt, Germany •

•

•

•

• •

•

6016–6024: Liassen Agent Brederode, incoming letters and documents from Pieter van Brederode, agent of the States General in Germany and Switzerland, 1602–1637 (9 bundles). 6025–6026: Liassen Agent Aitzema, incoming letters and documents from Foppe van Aitzema, resident of the States General at the Hanseatic towns, 1617–1637 (2 bundles). 6027–6583: Incoming letters and documents of royal persons, envoys, etc., regarding Germany, including drafts of outgoing letters up to 1753, 1578–1796 (557 bundles); from 1760 the letters are ordered according to region, such as Gdansk, Hamburg and Prussia. 6584–6629: Incoming secret letters and documents from envoys and other diplomatic representatives at the court of the German Emperor, 1700–1796 (66 bundles). 6630–6634: Incoming secret letters and documents from German princes, 1700–1796 (5 bundles). 6635–6679: Incoming secret letters and documents of Dutch envoys and other Dutch representatives in Germany, with the exception of Brandenburg and Prussia, 1700–1796 (45 bundles). 6680–6696: Incoming secret letters and documents of Dutch envoys and other Dutch representatives in Brandenburg and Prussia, 1700–1796 (16 bundles).

Liassen Sweeden, Sweden •

7169–7223: Incoming letters and documents of royal persons, envoys, etc., regarding Sweden, including drafts of outgoing letters up until 1753, 1591–1796 (55 bundles).

national archives of the netherlands •

1483

7224–7237: Incoming secret letters and documents from royal persons, envoys, etc., regarding Sweden, 1700–1796 (14 bundles).

Liassen Denemarcken, Denmark •

•

7238–7302: Incoming letters and documents of royal persons, envoys, etc., regarding Denmark, including drafts of outgoing letters up to 1753, 1579–1796 (65 bundles); nos. 7275–7293 include Sound toll registers kept by the Dutch commissioner Van Deurs at Helsingør from 1714–1766. 7303–7310: Incoming secret letters and documents of royal persons, envoys, etc., regarding Denmark, 1700–1796, with gaps (8 bundles).

Liassen Poolen, Poland •

•

7311–7354: Incoming letters and documents of royal persons, envoys, etc., regarding Poland, including drafts of outgoing letters up to 1753, 1579–1795 (44 bundles). 7355–7360: Incoming secret letters and documents of royal persons, envoys, etc., regarding Poland, 1702–1772, with gaps (6 bundles).

Liassen Moscoviën, Russia • •

7361–7396: Incoming letters and document of royal person, envoys, etc., regarding Russia, 1615–1795 (36 bundles). 7397–7410: Incoming secret letters and documents of royal persons, envoys, etc., regarding Russia, 1700–1795, with gaps (14 bundles).

Liassen Requesten, requests •

8026–8039: Requests regarding the application for passports, 1702–1745 (9 bundles).

CONTINUATION OF THE APPENDICES WITH THE RESOLUTIONS (VERVOLG BIJLAGEN BIJ DE RESOLUTIES) (1.01.05): Relevant are the verbalen of Dutch diplomats in the countries bordering the Baltic Sea, especially those concerning trade and shipping, but the general reports have also been included here. The logs of sea ofcers are useful for gaining information on navigation from the Netherlands to the Baltic Sea.

1484

the netherlands

Verbalen and reports of Dutch representatives abroad •

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•

•

•

•

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•

•

•

•

8308: Report of the representatives on a mission to Denmark concerning negotiations regarding trade and shipping on Danish waters, 1599 (1 volume). 8347–8348: Verbaal of the envoy Gaspar van Vosbergen regarding his mission to Denmark, the Lower Saxony Kreits and Sweden concerning negotiations with regard to the maintenance of good relations and to mediate in negotiating a confederation between England and Sweden and with the Republic, 1625 (2 volumes). 8356: Verbaal of the ambassadors on a mission to Sweden, Poland, Brandenburg and Gdansk concerning mediation in existing disputes, 1627–1628 (1 volume). 8362: Verbaal of the envoys on a mission to Russia concerning negotiations with regard to the export of saltpetre and the free grain trade, 1630–1631 (1 volume). 8384–8385: Verbaal of the extraordinary ambassadors on a mission to Denmark concerning negotiations with regard to the release of Dutch ships and the abolition of the raised Sound tolls, especially on saltpetre, 1639–1640 (2 volumes). 8387–8390: Report of the extraordinary ambassadors on a mission to Sweden concerning negotiations with regard to an alliance with the Republic and free shipping on the Baltic and North Seas, 1640 (4 volumes). 8454–8456: Verbaal of the extraordinary ambassador Albert Burch on his mission to Russia concerning negotiations with regard to the promotion of Dutch trade in Russia and the conrmation of friendship with the Republic, 1647–1648 (3 volumes). 8478–8479: Register of letters and propositions serving as a verbaal of the extraordinary representative Coenraad van Beuningen on his mission to Sweden in connection with negotiations regarding an alliance between Sweden, Denmark and the Republic, 1652–1654 (2 volumes). 8522–8524: Verbaal of the extraordinary ambassador Jacob Boreel on his mission to Russia concerning the conrmation of good friendship and correspondence, and to increase trade and shipping, 1664–1665 (3 volumes). 8522: Verbaal of extraordinary ambassador Johan de Witt concerning his mission to Denmark and Poland in connection to negotiations regarding Denmark joining the Triple Alliance and trade and shipping to Denmark and Poland, 1670–1671 (1 volume). 8553: Verbaal of extraordinary representative Nicolaes Heins concerning his mission to Russia with reference to negotiations regarding trade and

national archives of the netherlands

•

•

•

•

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•

1485

shipping to Russia and mediation in the conicts between Russia and Sweden, 1669–1671 (1 volume). 8613–8614: Verbaal of the extraordinary envoy Cornelis Moeringh concerning his mission to Denmark in conjunction with the payment of subsidies by the Republic, 1680–1686 (2 volumes). 8622: Verbaal of the extraordinary envoy Jacob Hop concerning his mission to the electors of Brandenburg and Saxony in connection with the role of the elector of Brandenburg as mediator in the disputes between Denmark and the Republic regarding trade and shipping, 1687–1688 (1 volume). 8629: Verbaal of the extraordinary envoy Willem van Haren concerning his mission to Sweden in conjunction with reimbursements to Swedish subjects for captured ships, 1690–1692 (1 volume); no. 8630 contains appendices, 1690–1692 (1 volume). 8636: Verbaal of the extraordinary envoy Jacob Hop concerning his mission to Denmark with reference to negotiations regarding trade and shipping to Denmark and Norway and the conclusion of a toll treaty, 1692–1693 (1 volume). 8695–8698: Verbaal of the extraordinary envoy Christiaan Carel concerning his mission to Prussia in conjunction with his duties as an envoy stationed in Berlin, 1704–1716 (4 volumes). 8703: Verbaal of the extraordinary ambassador Ulbo Aylva van Burmania concerning his mission to Sweden in connection with negotiations regarding the restoration of free trade and shipping in accordance with the old treaties, the release of Dutch ships and goods and the reimbursement of damages, 1719–1721 (1 volume). 8714: Verbaal of minister Reinier Vincent concerning his mission to Prussia in connection with his duties as envoy stationed in Berlin, 1721–1723 (1 volume). 8722: Verbaal of extraordinary envoy and plenipotentiary Willem Buys concerning his mission to Denmark in connection with his duties as envoy stationed in Copenhagen, 1724–1727 (1 volume). 8727: Verbaal of the minister Johan Rabo concerning his mission to Prussia as regards his duties as envoy stationed in Copenhagen, 1728 (1 volume). 8728: Verbaal of the resident Willem van Assendelft concerning his mission to Denmark in conjunction with his duties as envoy stationed in Copenhagen, 1727–1729 (1 volume). 8734: Verbaal of extraordinary envoy Daniel de Dieu concerning his mission to Russia with reference to his duties as envoy stationed in St. Petersburg, 1729–1732 (1 volume).

1486 •

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the netherlands

8740: Report of minister Johan Jacob Mauritius concerning his mission to the Lower Saxony Kreits and the Hanseatic towns in connection with his duties as envoy stationed in Hamburg, 1727–1742 (1 volume). 8742: Verbaal of the minister Reinhard van Reede concerning his mission to Prussia in connection with his duties as envoy stationed in Berlin, 1730–1742 (1 volume). Nos. 8743–8746 are appendices (4 volumes). 8755: Verbaal of extraordinary ambassador and plenipotentiary Daniel de Dieu concerning his mission to Russia in conjunction with the conclusion of a treaty of commerce, 1744–1746 (1 volume). 8756: Verbaal of the minister Cornelis Calkoen concerning his mission to Poland and Saxony in connection with his duties as envoy stationed in Warsaw, 1744–1746 (1 volume). 8777–8778: Verbaal of minister Berent Willem Buys concerning his mission to the Lower Saxony Kreits and the Hanseatic towns in connection with his duties as envoy stationed in Hamburg, 1742–1756 (2 volumes). 8820: Verbaal of the extraordinary envoy François Doublet concerning his mission to Sweden with reference to his duties as envoy stationed in Stockholm, 1760–1762 (1 volume). 8827–8828: Verbaal of the extraordinary envoy Jacob Daniël Meinertshagen concerning his mission to Russia in conjunction with his duties as envoy stationed in St. Petersburg, 1760–1765 (2 volumes). 8832: Verbaal of the extraordinary envoy and plenipotentiary Joost Godefroy concerning his mission to Russia in connection with his duties as envoy stationed in St. Petersburg, 1765–1773 (1 volume). 8833: Verbaal of the minister Hendrik Hop concerning his mission to the Lower Saxony Kreits and the Hanseatic towns with reference to his duties as envoy stationed in Hamburg, 1768–1773 (1 volume). 8838: Verbaal of the extraordinary envoy and plenipotentiary Dirk Wolter concerning his mission to Sweden in conjunction with his duties as envoy stationed in Stockholm, 1777–1781 (1 volume).

Verbalen and logs of sea ofcers regarding their voyages by order of the States General •

•

9316: Log by vice admiral Witte de With written during his voyage to the Sound, outgoing letters by De With and other documents regarding this voyage, 1645 (1 volume). 9327: Log kept on the ship Den Briel captained by Isbrandt Heijndrichsen van Blancke during his crusade in the North Sea and the Kattegat, 1658 (1 volume).

national archives of the netherlands • •

1487

9328: Log by lieutenant admiral Jacob van Wassenaer-Obdam on his voyage to support Denmark against Sweden, 1658–1659 (1 volume). 9347: Verbaal, kept by rear admiral Jacob van Coperen during his command over the States’ squadron headed for the Baltic Sea, 1718 (1 volume).

MISSIVE BOOKS, PIGEONHOLES, SECRET CASE (BRIEVENBOEKEN, LOKETKAST, SECRETE KAST) (1.01.06): Relevant are the items of correspondence that include information regarding trade, shipping and relations with the countries bordering the Baltic Sea. The printed publications contain newsletters of Dutch envoys abroad and placards concerning trade and shipping. The acts include registers of passports and treaties with foreign authorities. Finally, the loketkast and secrete kast contain various documents of relevance involving authorities and individuals from the Baltic Sea region. Dispatch books and missive books of the States General Dispatch books •

•

•

11087–11094: Registers of incoming and outgoing letters of the States General regarding important matters not recorded in the French, English and German dispatch books, 1579–1587 (8 volumes). 11095–11097: Registers of incoming and outgoing letters of the duke of Anjou, Prince Maurits and the Council of State, 1582–1585 (3 volumes). 11112–11116: Hoogduitse depecheboeken, registers of incoming and outgoing letters regarding Germany, 1577–1588 (9 volumes).

Missive books • • •

•

11118–11137: Register of incoming ordinaris letters, 1650–1668 (20 volumes). 11138–11160: Register of incoming letters, appendices and memorandums, 1669–1679 (23 volumes). 11161–11669: Registers of incoming ordinaris letters, appendices and memorandums regarding internal affairs and foreign affairs (divided over “German” and “French” registers, the rst of which concerns the entire Baltic Sea region and Germany, 1680–1796 (509 volumes). 11670–11833: Registers of incoming secret letters, 1672–1794 (164 volumes).

1488 • •

the netherlands

11834–11879: Registers of incoming ordinaris letters and appendices from various places, 1550–1649 (46 volumes). 11934–12082: Registers of outgoing letters, including alphabetical indices, 1646–1795 (148 volumes and 1 bundle).

Printed publications • • • • •

12083–12145: Printed newsletters (nouvelles) from Dutch envoys abroad, 1679–1764 (51 volumes and 12 bundles). 12146–12159: Newsletters of Dutch envoys, copies, 1742–1795 (14 bundles). 12160: Secret dispatches by Dutch envoys, printed, 1759–1765 (1 bundle). 12161–12231: Printed placards from the States General, the Council of State and other state boards, 1590–1785 (71 volumes). 12232–12236: Printed placards, including some placards by the States of Holland and other administrative bodies, 1623–1803 (5 bundles).

Acts of the States General • • • •

12237–12269: Drafts of acts, issued by the States General, 1623–1794 (33 bundles). 12298–12356: Registers of acts under the seal of the States General, 1589–1794 (59 volumes). 12359–12447: Registers of passports, 1707–1778 (89 volumes). 12480–12502: Registers of treaties concluded with foreign princes and republics, 1588–1748 (22 volumes and 3 bundles). Including: * 12484: Hanseatic towns, Sweden and Denmark, 1613–1649. * 12486: German princes, Hanseatic towns and Sweden, 1613–1616. * 12498: Sweden and Denmark, 1618–1683.

Loketkast and secrete kast Loopende, current affairs •

12548.273: List of bonds of sums of money loaned by the Republic to, among others, Sweden and Denmark between 1616 and 1648, 1648 (1 piece).

national archives of the netherlands

1489

Private individuals •

•

12550.49: Documents regarding the interference of the States General with the request of a burgher of Helsingør in Denmark, to claim a sum of 10,208 guilders from the Generality on behalf of the heirs of a former captain, 1612, with retroacts, 1580–1611 (1 folders). 12550.80: Documents regarding the interference of the States General with the disputes between the heirs of Dirck Brasser, who died in Gdansk, and the Gdansk council, 1639–1640, 1642 (1 folder).

Lawsuits •

•

•

•

•

•

12550.15.2: Documents regarding the interference of the States General in a case between the South-Holland Admiralty and an Italian merchant living in Stockholm, regarding the conscation of his ship, 1589 (1 folder). 12550–562: Documents regarding the interference of the States General in a case between the judge advocate of the Amsterdam admiralty and Hanse Lindenouw in Denmark, regarding the reimbursement of the value of conscated ships, 1619, with retroacts, 1613–1616 (1 folder). 12551.51: Documents regarding the interference of the States General in a case regarding the debt of a Danish merchant due to the sale of oxen, 1619–1620, with retroacts 1604–1618 (1 folder). 12551.72: Documents regarding the interference of the States General in a case between the judge advocate of the Amsterdam Admiralty and a merchant from Szczecin (Stettin), regarding damages done to the latter at sea, 1634 (1 quire). 12551.117: Documents regarding the interference of the States General in a case between a burgher from Middelburg and the town of Bremen concerning a decision in a lawsuit, 1652 (1 folder). 12551.151: Documents regarding the interference of the States General in the case between the judge advocate of the Friesland Admiralty and the judge advocate of the Generality regarding a condemnation of the latter that the rst had taken bribes from skippers who, against a ban of the States General, transported goods to the Baltic Sea and Norway in 1660 and 1661, 1664 with retroacts, 1659–1663 (1 folder).

Admiralty •

12561.7.1: Instructions for the ofcials dealing with the convooien en licenten (a lastage for the protection of shipping), 1594–1596 (1 folder).

1490 •

•

•

the netherlands

12561.44: Documents regarding the interference of the States General in the disputes between the Northern or Greenland Company and Denmark, 1623–1626 (1 folder). 12561.79: Letters of the States General to the king of Sweden, town of Gdansk, king of Denmark, king of France and Richelieu regarding the export of grain, 1629–1638 (1 folder). 12561.156: Documents regarding the interference of the States General with disputes between the Amsterdam Admiralty and three captured skippers, who, although said to be Dutch, used Swedish documents, 1667 (1 folder).

CONTINUATION PIGEONHOLES, CONTINUATION SECRET CASE (VERVOLG LOKETKAST, VERVOLG SECRETE KAST) (1.01.07): Relevant are the documents concerning the convooien en licenten and those regarding Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Poland and Russia, which contain information on diplomatic relations, and trade and shipping to the Baltic Sea region. Convooien en licenten This section contains various documents regarding the convooien en licenten under various numbers, dating from 1589–1776 (37 folders, 6 pieces, 4 quires, 7 volumes and 1 bundle). Northern, central and eastern Europe, Baltic region Germany This section contains various papers regarding relations with the German Emperor, German princes and Hanseatic towns between c. 1587 and 1790 (mainly up to 1700), such as treaties, agreements and other acts, and documents regarding negotiations, diplomatic missions and individual cases. Not all records are relevant, since many concern relations with inland regions and wars, but a signicant part of the material does regard commercial and diplomatic relations with the coastal areas of Germany, such as documents regarding tolls on the Elbe and Weser Rivers, treaties with Hanseatic towns and records concerning particular aspects of trade. Of particular relevance are:

national archives of the netherlands •

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•

1491

12569.22: Documents regarding the interference of the States General with the complaints of the town of Hamburg concerning the capture of one of its ships by the Dutch, 1598–1599 (1 folder). 12569.34: Written proposition by representatives of the Hanseatic towns regarding their privileges in the Republic, 1604, copy (1 piece). 12569.42: Documents regarding the interference of the States General with the disputes between Stade and Hamburg concerning the toll levied on Stade goods transported via the Elbe River to the Netherlands, 1608, with retroacts, 1594–1607 (1 folder). 12569.79: Documents regarding the negotiations between the States General and the envoys of the king of Poland and the town of Gdansk, regarding Prussian tolls, 1633, 1635, 1637 and 1638, with retroacts, 1632 (1 folder). 12569.86: Letters of the commissioners of the States General at Stade to the States General, and drafts of letters of the States General to the said community, with instructions to negotiate with the king of Denmark and his son the archbishop of Bremen, regarding the burdening of Dutch trade by the Sound toll, 1641, with retroacts, 1635–1639 (1 folder). 12569.94: Documents regarding negotiations between the States General and the towns of Hamburg and Bremen regarding their alliance of 1616 and the Weser toll, levied by the duke of Oldenburg, 1643–1645, with retroacts, 1611–1642 and added documents, 1646–1647 (1 folder). 12569.103: Documents regarding the interference of the States General with the proposition made by their agent in Hamburg, regarding the plans to dig a canal from the Elbe River through Mecklenburg to Wismar, 1646; with printed maps of Denmark, 1629, and Brandenburg, undated, and a manuscript map, undated (1 folder). 12569.106.2: Letters of the magistrates of the town of Hamburg to the States General regarding the trade relations between Hamburg and the Republic and regarding the silk merchants of Hamburg and Amsterdam, 1647–1648 (1 folder). 12584.66A, 12569.125–126: Act by the States General and the town of Gdansk including regulations regarding the levies on Dutch goods transported to Gdansk, via the Vistula River, 1656 (2 pieces). 12584.63: Propositions and memorandums issued by the envoys of the elector of Brandenburg regarding tolls in the Baltic Sea region, 1656, and memorandum of the States General in reply to this, 1656 (1 bundle). 12579.66: Letters written by the registrar on behalf of the States General to the envoys and secret correspondents in the Baltic Sea region, regarding Baltic Sea trade, 1656–1657 (1 folder).

1492

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Sweden This section contains various documents regarding relations with the Swedish kingdom from c. 1591 to 1719. Many of the contents are relevant, as they concern diplomatic relations and trade and shipping. Of particular relevance are: •

•

•

•

•

• •

• •

•

12571.1: Act of agreement between the king of Sweden and the States General concerning the sale of copper by Sweden and the Republic, 1613, copy (1 piece). 12571.5: Letters by the king of Sweden to the States General regarding the contractors of Swedish copper, and documents regarding the interference of the States General in conjunction with this, 1618–1621 (1 folder). 12571.7: Documents regarding the negotiation between the States General and the extraordinary ambassador of the king of Sweden, concerning the problems experienced by Dutch traders in Gdansk and Königsberg, with retroacts, 1630–1635 (1 folder). 12585.9: Letter by the queen and State Council of Sweden to the States General containing propositions to negotiate a piece with Denmark together with the Republic and to try to induce them to allow free trade, 1644 (2 pieces). 12569.96: Act of authorisation by the States General to the ambassadors on a mission to Denmark and Sweden with reference to the obstructions in the Sound of Dutch and Swedish trade by Denmark, 1645 (1 piece). 12585.7: List of Swedish tolls, printed, with an extract from the resolutions of the States General in conjunction with these, 1640 (2 pieces). 12585.47: Act of provisional agreement, with a separate article regarding shipping and contraband, concluded between the States General and the king of Sweden, 1667 (4 folders). 12585.77: Act of treaty of commerce and navigation concluded between the States General and the king of Sweden, 1679 (5 pieces). 12585.84: Act issued by the Dutch resident in Stockholm on behalf of the States General, declaring that the abolishment of the veilgeld, stipulated in the treaty of 1679, applies to both Swedish and Danish ships and goods, 1681 (1 piece). 12585.107: Act of agreement between the king of Sweden and the States General regarding the reimbursement of damages in connection with the capture and conscation of Swedish ships in the Netherlands (1 bundle); similar acts exist from 1693 (12585.110) and 1694 (12585.112);

national archives of the netherlands

1493

no. 12571.51 is a receipt for the payments by the States General, 1694 (1 piece). Denmark This section contains various documents concerning relations with the Danish kingdom from c. 1588 to 1741. As with Sweden, most of the material is relevant, since it regards diplomatic relations and trade and shipping between the Republic and Denmark. Of particular relevance are: •

•

•

•

•

• • •

•

•

12572.6: Documents regarding the interference of the States General concerning the problems arisen for the Dutch in conjunction with the ballast dues in the Sound, 1688 (1 folder). 12572.15.1: Documents regarding the interference of the States General regarding the arrest by the Danes of 26 Dutch ships on their way to Norway, 1643 (1 folder). 12569.1: Charters of Erik and Waldemar, kings of Denmark, and Albrecht, king of Sweden, containing privileges for Harderwijk, 1316, 1326 and 1368, with attestations of inhabitants of Harderwijk having sailed through the Sound, 1594, authorised copies by the council of Harderwijk, 1645 (1 piece). 12572.21: Act of treaty and settlement of the Sound toll tariffs concluded between the king of Denmark and the States General, 1645 (2 folders). 12572.23: Draft instruction of the States General for the ambassadors to Denmark in conjunction with the toll questions, 1646, with appendices and retroacts, 1643–1646 (1 folder). 12572.25: Act of treaty between the States General and the king of Denmark concerning various Sound toll questions, 1647 (2 pieces). 12572.24: List of amounts paid for goods being transported through the Sound in 1646 and 1647, 1650, with retroacts, 1625–1649 (1 folder). 12572.32: Act of treaty between the king of Denmark and the States General regarding subsidies for the protection of shipping, etc., 1653 (1 folder and 1 piece). 12586.44: Act by the province of Overijssel to the States General arguing for the preservation of commerce on the Baltic Sea and opposing the embassy to the king of Denmark, 1653 (1 piece). 12586.65: Act issued by the king of Denmark, declaring that he will not levy any beaconage or anchorage dues on top of the usual toll dues to England, Sweden and the Republic, 1660 (2 pieces).

1494 •

•

• •

• •

the netherlands

12569.160: Extracts from the resolutions of the States General regarding their endeavours to dispense with the salt company in Denmark, 1657–1661 (1 bundle). 12572.44: Act of treaty between the States General and the king of Denmark regarding the claims of merchants and skippers on both sides, 1666 (2 folders and 1 piece). 12586.115: Danish toll regulations, 1672, printed (1 volume). 12586.125: Act of agreement between the king of Denmark and the States General regarding the reimbursement of damages in connection with the capture of Danish ships in the Republic, 1691 (1 piece). 12572.56: List of tolls for goods transported through the Sound, 1691 (1 bundle). 12572.59: Act by the council of the king of Denmark concerning the release of mutually captured ships, 1694 (1 piece).

Poland This section contains only eleven items (and two that are described elsewhere) with regard to the relations between the Republic and Poland between 1597 and 1669. None of these specically concern trade and shipping, but some of the items may contain information on these subjects. The material includes documents regarding diplomatic missions and treaties. Russia This section consists of only 15 items with regard to the relations between the Republic and Russia between 1618 and 1677. These concern treaties, diplomatic missions and individual cases. Only two items specically regard trade and shipping, although information on these subjects may be included elsewhere: • •

12584.33: Proposition to the States General regarding the import of grains from Russia, 1626 (3 pieces). 12570.6: Letter from the great prince of Muscovy to the States General allowing free trade to subjects of the Republic, seventeenth century (1 folder).

CONTINUATION PIGEONHOLES, CONTINUATION SECRET CASE AND RATIFICATIONS, ETC. (VERVOLG LOKETKAST, VERVOLG SECRETE KAST EN RATIFICATIES, ETC.) (1.01.08): Relevant are only the treaties and ratications, which include treaties of commerce between the Republic and countries bordering the Baltic Sea and

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1495

treaties including articles on trade and shipping, concluded between 1700 and 1797. The treaties are numbered 12597.1–12597.283. The ratications are divided into geographical sections; relevant are the sections Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Poland and Russia. Accessibility N.M. Japikse, “Inventaris van het archief van de Staten-Generaal, (1431) 1576–1796”, 6 Vols. (1963–1969) (reference codes 1.01.02 to 1.01.08 in the reading room); also available online at the repository’s website. All documents can be applied for with the reference code 1.01.03. Items 7275–7293 (the Dutch Sound toll registers) are searchable online at: www.nationaalarchief.nl/sont. The database includes the names of the skippers, ports of origin, ports of departure and destination, and cargo. Record creator / provenance From the Pacication of Ghent in 1576, the States General formed the supra-regional sovereign government of the (Northern) Netherlands. It consisted of the representatives from the provincial States. The States General was mainly active in the eld of foreign relations, defence of the Republic on land and at sea, administration of the Generality’s lands, the supreme control over the Dutch East and West India Companies (VOC and WIC), and administration of the communal nances of the United Provinces. Visually attractive No. 12569.103 includes three maps: two maps, printed by Jansonius, of Denmark (from 1629) and Brandenburg (undated) and an undated manuscript map. Publications •

•

Deursen, A.Th. van, et al (eds.), Resolutiën der Staten Generaal. Nieuwe reeks 1610–1670, 7 Vols. (Rijksgeschiedkundige Publicatiën, Grote Serie, various Vols.) (The Hague, 1971–1994). Japikse, N., and H.H.P. Rijperman (eds.), Resolutiën der Staten Generaal van 1576 tot 1609, 14 Vols. (Rijksgeschiedkundige Publicatiën, Grote Serie, various Vols.) (The Hague, 1915–1970).

The resolutions from the years 1626–1630 are available online at: www. inghist.nl/Onderzoek/Projecten/BesluitenStaten-generaal1626–1651.

1496

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Ill. 16. Letter of Tsar Peter the Great to the Dutch States General, 1697, announcing the arrival of a Russian mission in the Netherlands, which includes Peter himself travelling incognito to acquire knowledge of Dutch crafts such as shipbuilding. National Archives of the Netherlands (The Hague): “States General, 1550–1796” (reference code: 1.01.03), no. 7366.

national archives of the netherlands

1497

States of Holland and West-Friesland, 1572–1795 Record group States of Holland and West-Friesland, 1572–1795 Staten van Holland en West-Friesland, 1572–1795 Reference code : 3.01.04.01 Period : 1282–1795 Extent : 4421 items, 427.20 metres (for the entire States of Holland archives) Abstract These archives consist of the administration of the States of Holland and West-Friesland. They contain documents of a general nature, such as resolutions of the States of Holland, resolutions of the States General, correspondence, requests, placards and ordinances, and documents of a particular nature, which include documents regarding admiralty matters, appointments, nancial matters, trading companies, legal matters, church matters, agriculture, military matters, education, local affairs, water management, maritime matters, and the relations with other provinces. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1524–1795 : Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the resolutions of the States of Holland and West-Friesland and the States General, specically those regarding foreign affairs, and requests made to the States of Holland, which contain requests regarding maritime matters. Also important are documents regarding admiralty matters, diplomatic relations with Denmark and Sweden and the foundation of a trade insurance company. DOCUMENTS OF A GENERAL NATURE The collection includes a large number of written and printed resolutions, both ordinary and secret, in the shape of drafts, neat resolutions or copies (items 1–280, 299–315, 325–1208, 1226–1250, 1253, 1272, 5001–5471), from 1524–1795. There are various indices on these resolutions (items 281–298,

1498

the netherlands

316–317, 1209–1214, 1225, 1225A–1225D, 5472–5522). The materials also include printed resolutions of the States General (items 5523–5642), from 1692–1795. Incoming documents of the States of Holland consist of missives, reports and documents to be dealt with in the meetings (items 323c, 1830–2064), from 1590–1793. Items 1384–1481 and 1483 are the outgoing missives, from 1621–1795. Indices on both the incoming and outgoing documents are contained in items 2065–2078 and 1482 respectively. Item 6364 consists of placards, ordinances and regulations, 1654–1794. Of particular relevance are: Resolutions regarding foreign affairs •

2244–2388: Registers including all resolutions and secret resolutions of the States General and the States of Holland regarding the states and towns of Germany, Denmark and Norway, Sweden, Poland and Austria, all missives from and to Dutch representatives in these countries, their instructions, and reports and advice regarding these states, including indices, 1670–1702 and 1653–1669 (145 volumes and 1 quire).

Requests to the States of Holland •

5646: Requests to the States of Holland, including requests from various merchants and shipowners, 1633–1749 and undated (1 bundle); decisions regarding requests (appointementen) are included in nos. 1484–1583, 5647–5673, from 1621–1791.

DOCUMENTS OF A PARTICULAR NATURE Admiralty matters •

1357 (followed by various letters): Various documents regarding the arming of merchant vessels, the arrest of merchant vessels by foreign powers, convoying and pilotage, 1596–1661 and undated (36 pieces and 9 quires).

Foreign matters Denmark, Norway and Sweden •

1379: Copies of various treaties with Denmark and documents regarding these, 1544–1648 (1 bundle).

national archives of the netherlands • •

•

1499

1383a: Verbaal (report) of an extraordinary embassy to Denmark, 1596 (1 quire). 1380: Documents regarding negotiations with Sweden and Denmark, including register of secret resolutions regarding the embassy at the Danish and Swedish courts from 1644, 1637–1645 (1 bundle and 1 volume). 2999: Missive book by Coenraad van Beuningen, extraordinary ambassador in Sweden, with appendices, 1652–1654 (1 volume).

Miscellaneous •

1383f: Documents regarding the costs of and problems concerning the dispatch of missives by the Republic and treaties concluded between other countries, 1585–1748 (1 bundle).

Trading companies Insurance company •

1357u, 1357DDD, 1357EEE, 1357V: Various documents regarding the foundation of an insurance company to protect trade, 1634–1639 and undated (4 pieces).

Accessibility “Inventaris van het archief van de Staten van Holland en West-Friesland, 1572–1795”. Record creator / provenance From 1572, the States of Holland were the highest administrative body in the province of Holland. Although representatives were sent to the States General, the provinces were all autonomous. The States consisted of representatives of the nobility and of the towns. The meetings were presided by the landsadvocaat, from 1621 called raadpensionaris, pensionary. The decisions of the States, recorded in the resolutions, could not be imposed on the towns. The daily administration of the province was executed by the Representative Councils of the Noorderkwartier and the Zuiderkwartier. The rst had come into existence when the Noorderkwartier was cut off from the rest of Holland by the Spaniards. The Zuiderkwartier came into being more gradually, when it became apparent that the States of Holland could not take care of the daily government of the province.

1500

the netherlands

From the beginning of the 1580s, a group of States’ members permanently resided in The Hague. Because of the importance of the province of Holland (it contributed 58 per cent to the national nances), it could veto every plan that was against its interests. The involvement of Holland in foreign affairs, the East and West India Companies (VOC and WIC) and the Admiralty was therefore very large. Moreover, in the eighteenth century the province assumed the great debts of the Trade and Admiralty Boards, which increased their inuence even further. Copies Nos. 273–280 (printed resolutions), 281–298 and 316–317 (indices on the resolutions) are available on microche in the self-service reading room (case D7b, drawer 15). Publications •

Veenendaal-Barth, J.W., et al (eds.), Particuliere notulen van de vergaderingen der Staten van Holland 1620–1640 door N. Stellingwerff en S. Schot (Rijksgeschiedkundige Publicatiën, Grote Serie, various Vols.) (The Hague, 1987–), 7 Vols.; the transcriptions of the documents in this publication have also been published online at: www.inghist.nl/Onderzoek/Projecten/Stellingwerf.

States of Holland before 1572 Record group States of Holland before 1572 Staten van Holland vóór 1572 Reference code : 3.01.03 Period : 1253–1572 Extent : 2568 items, 30.20 metres Abstract These archives consist of the administration of the States of Holland from the period before 1572. They contain the records of the States themselves, the audited accounts and the records of the pensionary (landsadvocaat). The material consists of documents concerning the duties of the States in general,

national archives of the netherlands

1501

relations to the sovereign, rights of the states, requests for money (beden), Baltic and Nordic matters, (nancial) administration of the province, audited accounts of various receipts and expenses and their appendices, resolutions, correspondence, and documents regarding foreign, maritime and legal matters, domains, tolls, taxes, water management, and trade and shipping. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1462–1571 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the resolutions, which include decisions regarding trade and shipping, and documents concerning tolls, trade, relations with the Baltic Sea region, wrecking and export dues. STATES OF HOLLAND Documents of a general nature Resolutions • •

1, 2: Registers of resolutions, 1560–1563 and 1568–1571 (2 volumes). 2A–5: Resolutions and documents dealt with in the meetings of the States, 1522–1537, 1561–1563 and 1568–1571 (6 bundles).

Tolls and trade •

•

•

27A–27B: Ordinance and acts regarding the tolls of Holland, Zeeland and West-Friesland and their increase, 1518 and 1559 (1 charter and 1 piece). 28: Act of Charles V regarding the freedom from tolls in the German Empire for inhabitants of the Dutch-Burgundian lands, 1550, vidimus of 1560 (1 charter). 32: Declaration by Philip of Austria that the treaty between Bruges and the Hanseatic towns is not valid with regard to Dutch staple goods, 1501 (1 charter).

1502

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Documents of a particular nature Baltic and Nordic matters • •

• •

• • •

•

•

• •

48: Documents regarding disputes between Amsterdam and Lübeck, 1462–1470 (1 charter and 5 pieces). 49: Act of ratication by the Wendish towns concerning a renewal of the treaty of Münster between them and Holland and Zeeland, 1503 (1 charter). 50: Documents regarding the meeting at Münster in 1504 between the Wendish towns and Holland and Zeeland, 1504 (2 pieces). 52: Declaration of the Wendish towns regarding the execution of certain stipulations of the truce concluded in Antwerp with Holland and Zeeland, 1506 (1 charter). 54: Letter by Lübeck to Amsterdam concerning the trade ban on the Danish kingdom, 1509 (1 piece). 55: Act by Maximilian of Austria, raising the ban to trade with the Danish kingdom, 1510 (1 charter). 56: Writ to proclaim the truce between Holland, Zeeland and Antwerp on the one side, and the Wendish towns on the other, with appendices, 1512 (2 charters and 2 pieces). 57: Act of conrmation by Maximilian of Austria regarding the truce between Holland and Zeeland and the Wendish towns, 1513 (1 charter). 58: Minutes of a meeting at Bremen between Holland and Zeeland and the Wendish towns, with documents regarding this meeting, 1514–1515 (7 charters). 59: Letter by Lübeck to governess Margaret of Austria regarding Baltic Sea matters, 1527 (1 charter). 60: Notarial act regarding the negotiations at Bremen between the representatives of the Emperor, Holland and Zeeland on the one side and the Wendish towns on the other, 1530 (1 charter).

Administration of the province (tolls and wrecking) • •

74: Ordinance concerning otsam and jetsam, 1549 (1 piece). 77–79: Ordinances regarding the tolls in Holland and Zeeland, 1511–1519 (3 quires).

(trade) •

84, 85: Ordinancies regarding the grain trade, 1509–1516 (2 charters).

national archives of the netherlands •

1503

87: Order of governess Mary of Hungary regarding the export of Baltic rye and grain, lifting the export ban from 1551, 1555 (2 pieces).

Financial administration (taxes) •

129: Declaration by Mary of Hungary that the 100th penny on exported goods will be abolished within a year, 1544 (1 charter).

PENSIONARY Documents of a general nature Resolutions and correspondence •

•

2368–2371: Drafts of resolutions of the meetings of the States of Holland, 1524–1554, 1561–1565 and 1568 (3 bundles, 1 volume, 3 folders and 1 quire). 2372: Incoming letters received by the pensionary, 1561–1568 and undated (5 pieces).

Documents of a particular nature Foreign affairs • • • • • •

•

2401: Documents regarding the disputes concerning the Sound toll and the mission of Dr. Stratius to Denmark, 1549 (3 quires and 1 piece). 2402: Documents regarding the problems in Denmark due to the closing of the Sound during the war with Sweden, 1565–1567 (1 bundle). 2403: Draft of a letter of reply by Margaret of Savoye to the king of Sweden, 1527 (1 quire). 2404: Minutes of a meeting in Münster between the Wendish towns and Holland and Zeeland, 1479 (1 quire). 2405: Documents regarding the conict with the Hanseatic towns regarding the Bruges’ staple, 1501/1502 (1 quire, 3 charters and 5 pieces). 2406: Documents regarding the conict between Holland and other provinces on the one side and Lübeck on the other regarding piracy conducted by persons from Lübeck, 1511 (1 charter, 3 pieces and 1 quire). 2406A: Verbaal (report) of the negotations between the representatives of Holland, Zeeland, West-Friesland and Antwerp on the one side and of the Wendish towns on the other, 1514 (1 volume); also including

1504

•

• • •

the netherlands

verbalen of negotiations between Holland, Albrecht of Mecklenburg and imperial representatives on the one side and the Wendish towns, Denmark and Sweden on the other side, held in Lübeck in 1525 (1 piece), and of negotiations between representatives of Holland and Zeeland and of the Wendish towns, held in Bremen in 1530 (1 volume and 3 pieces). 2407: Statement of damages suffered by inhabitants of Holland and Zeeland at the hand of Lübeck, Hamburg and Stralsund since 1509, 1527 (1 quire). 2408: Documents regarding negotiations in Stralsund, includes instructions, 1494 (2 quires). 2409: Declarations regarding the extension of the truce with Gdansk, 1504 (1 quire). 2410: Memorandum of the conicts between Holland and Prussia, c. 1536 (1 quire).

Maritime matters •

2420: Memorandum of objections against the ordinance of 1563 regarding the equipage of ships, sea law and insurance, with documents regarding this, 1564 (2 quires and 2 pieces).

Trade • • •

2459: Remonstration of the States against the ban on the export of inland and foreign grains, [1545] (1 quire). 2461: Request of the States to allow free export of Baltic grain and other Baltic goods, 1557 (1 piece). 2462: Documents regarding the ban on the export of certain goods which are understood to be ammunition, and the levying of the 200th penny on all exports, 1551 (4 quires).

Accessibility H.J.Ph.G. Kaajan, “Inventaris van de archieven van de Staten van Holland vóór 1572” (1993), including an extensive introduction in Dutch. Record creator / provenance The States of Holland consisted of two members: the nobility and the towns. The rst pensionary (landsadvocaat) was appointed by the States in 1480, after the model of the town pensionaries. Until the late sixteenth century, he was mainly the secretary of the States.

national archives of the netherlands

1505

Copies Inv. nos. 1–2482 have been put on microlm, which can be consulted in the self-service reading room, case 15. Related materials •

States of Holland 1572–1795 (reference code: 3.01.04.01).

Supplement to the Archives of the States of Holland and West-Friesland and of the Representative Council of the Zuiderkwartier and to Related Archives, 1572–1795 Record group Supplement to the Archives of the States of Holland and West-Friesland and of the Representative Council of the Zuiderkwartier and to Related Archives, 1572–1795 Aanvulling op de archieven van de Staten van Holland en West-Friesland en van Gecommitteerde Raden in het Zuiderkwartier en op daarmee samenhangende archieven, 1572–1795 Reference code : 3.01.04.02 Period : 1282–1795 Extent : 4421 items, 427.20 metres (for the entire States of Holland archives) Abstract This record group consists of a supplement to the archives of the States of Holland and West-Friesland and of the Representative Council of the Zuiderkwartier. It contains documents of a general and particular nature of both of these bodies and includes resolutions, correspondence, etc., and documents concerning admiralty, domain, nancial, legal, church and military matters and regarding water management. Also included are some documents belonging to other archives. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1584–1795 : Germany, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

1506

the netherlands

Relevant are the secret resolutions and the correspondence of the Representative Council, which contain information on decisions regarding trade, shipping and foreign relations. Also important are some documents regarding the purchase of guns in Hamburg and a missive book of pensionary Johan de Witt. REPRESENTATIVE COUNCIL OF THE STATES OF HOLLAND AND WEST-FRIESLAND IN THE ZUIDERKWARTIER Documents of a general nature • • •

6153–6156: Secret resolutions of the Representative Council of the Zuiderkwartier, 1646–1672 and 1741–1795 (1 bundle and 3 volumes). 6157–6160: Incoming documents, 1584–1795 (8 pieces, 1 bundle and 1 folder). 6368: Drafts of outgoing missives, 1795 (1 folder).

Documents of a particular nature Military matters •

6301: Documents regarding the purchase of guns by representative councillors in Hamburg, Lübeck and Cologne, 1665–1666 (1 folder).

DOCUMENTS BELONGING TO OTHER ARCHIVES Johan de Witt •

5793–5808: Register of missives sent by Johan de Witt to various boards and envoys abroad, copies, 1656–1671 (16 volumes).

Accessibility R. Kramer and W.E. Meiboom, “Aanvulling op de archieven van de Staten van Holland en West-Friesland en van gecommitteerde raden in het Zuiderkwartier en op daarme samenhangende archieven, 1572–1795” (1985). Record creator / provenance From 1572, the States of Holland were the highest administrative body in the province of Holland. Although representatives were sent to the States

national archives of the netherlands

1507

General, the provinces were all autonomous. The States consisted of representatives of the nobility and of the towns. The meetings were presided by the landsadvocaat, from 1621 called raadpensionaris, pensionary. The decisions of the States, recorded in the resolutions, could not be imposed on the towns. The daily administration of the province was executed by the Representative Councils of the Noorderkwartier and the Zuiderkwartier. The rst had come into existence when the Noorderkwartier was cut off from the rest of Holland by the Spaniards. The Zuiderkwartier came into being more gradually, when it became apparent that the States of Holland could not take care of the daily government of the province. From the beginning of the 1580s a group of States’ members permanently resided in The Hague. Because of the importance of the province of Holland (it contributed 58 per cent to the national nances), it could veto every plan that was against its interests. The involvement of Holland in foreign affairs, the East and West India Companies (VOC and WIC) and the Admiralty was therefore very large. Moreover, in the eighteenth century the province assumed the great debts of the Trade and Admiralty Boards, which increased their inuence even further. Custodial history The records regarding the States of Holland of this collection have largely (completely with regard to the relevant documents) been included in the new inventory of the States of Holland (reference code: 3.01.04.01). Related materials •

States of Holland and West-Friesland, 1572–1795 (reference code: 3.01.04.01).

1508

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Supreme Court of Holland, Zeeland and WestFriesland Record group Supreme Court of Holland, Zeeland and West-Friesland Hoge Raad van Holland, Zeeland en West-Friesland Reference code : 3.03.02 Period : 1582–1797 Extent : 1592 items, 155.60 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the Supreme Court of Holland, Zeeland and West-Friesland. The material consists of the Court’s administration of civil, criminal and voluntary justice, such as requests, rolls, registers of acts, resolutions, sentences, case les, correspondence and accounts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1582–1797 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the requests (items 1–168b, from 1582–1797, 168 bundles), civil and criminal rolls (items 169–380 and 384, from 1582–1797, 213 volumes) and resolutions concerning sentences and the sentences (inv. nos. 631–680 and 681–865, from 1582–1790, 235 volumes). These include cases between foreign merchants and cases regarding maritime matters. Accessibility “Inventaris op het archief van de Hoge Raad van Holland, Zeeland en West-Friesland”. Alphabetical indices on the civil sentences are available in the reading room (reference code: 3.03.02). Record creator / provenance When after the start of the Revolt appeals could no longer be addressed to the Great Council in Malines, a new court of appeal had to be set up. The Supreme Court was established in 1582. It was meant to serve as a central

national archives of the netherlands

1509

court of justice, but was not acknowledged as such by the provinces outside Holland and Zeeland. The competences of the Supreme Court and the Court of Holland therefore came to overlap, leading to occasional disputes between the two courts. According to a 1582 instruction, the competences of the Supreme Court lay in appeals from the Court of Holland and the board of the dike reeves and the polder board. In the rst instance the Supreme Court handled property cases, civil matters between foreign merchants and foreigners, and maritime matters. Finally, the Supreme court dealt with cases concerning the Generality lands.

Van Adrichem Family Record group Van Adrichem Family Familie Van Adrichem Reference code : 3.20.01 Period : 1546–1610 Extent : 240 items, 4.3 metres Abstract These are the archives of the Van Adrichem family, some members of which held high positions in the town government of Delft (Holland). The bulk of the records originates from Claes Adriaenss. van Adrichem (items 12–229), who was also active as a merchant. The materials include bookkeeping (both private and professional), invoices of trade missions and sheries, and correspondence (for instance from shipmasters and shipowners). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1562–1604 : Denmark, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, the Netherlands : Dutch

Relevant materials all derive from Claes Adriaenss. van Adrichem in his private capacity as merchant and include the following items (besides various general trade records):

1510 • • •

• • • • • •

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34–35, 39: Journals and other papers concerning the sale and purchase of grain, 1562–1571, 1595–1600. 43–46: Invoices of the shipmaster Lenert Pieters’ trade missions to Gdansk (Danzig) and Riga, 1569–1571. 51, 56: Invoices of the shipmaster Aper Jans’ trade missions to Gdansk, Königsberg (Kaliningrad), Hamburg and the Sound (with shipbuilding expenses), 1573, 1582–1583. 58–60: Invoices of the shipmaster Willem Michiels’ trade missions to Gdansk, Helsingør and Königsberg, 1575–1583. 61–67: Invoices of the shipmaster Michiel Jans’ trade missions to Gdansk, 1579–1585. 68–72; Invoices of the shipmaster Jan Cornelis’ trade missions to Gdansk, 1581–1585. 73: Invoices of the shipmaster Maerten Ariëns’ trade mission to Gdansk, 1581. 74, 79, 81: Invoices of the shipmaster Maerten Jaspers’ trade missions to Gdansk and Königsberg, 1589–1590, 1595–1597. 86, 87, 90: Invoices of the shipmaster Pieter Cornelis’ trade missions to Gdansk and Königsberg (with shipbuilding expenses), 1590, 1592, 1595–1596. 96: Invoices of the shipmaster Albrecht Cornelis’ trade mission to Gdansk, 1595–1596 102–124: Invoices of herring sheries from Willem Michiels, Maerten Arriëns, Jan Floris, Dirk Jaspers and Dirck Damen, 1575–1604. 125–131: Various papers concerning shipping companies and shipmasters, 1565–1596, including item 130 comprising papers concerning the request of Jan Cornels van Delfshaven to the town government of Gdansk for compensation for his ship that was sunk in the “Elbingerdiep” (most probably near Elblag), 1577–1579. 132–148: Letters received from various shipmasters and shipowners, mostly in Gdansk, 1579–1588, including: * 135: Huych Adriaens. * 137: Adriaen Bartelmees Verburch. * 138: Frans Cornelis. * 143: Aper Jans. * 144: Hendrik Huberts van Rijswijck. 149: Register of outgoing letters, 1581–1597, including letters to Huych Adriaens, Adriaen Bartelmees Verburch, Frans Cornelis, Aper Jans and Hendrik Huberts van Rijswijck.

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Accessibility Inventory, “Archief Van Adrichem”, in: Inventarissen van Rijks- en Andere Archieven, IV (1931), pp. 260–274, with a short introduction. The copy kept at the research hall of the National Archives includes a genealogical tree and a few additions. Item 34 is damaged as a consequence of which access may be restricted. Record creator / provenance Among other functions, Claes Adriaens van Adrichem (1538–1607) became Thesaurier of Delft in 1582 and served as the town’s burgomaster from 1585 to 1607. In addition, he was a merchant, foremost trading in grain and operating in the Baltic Sea region as well as southern Europe. Publications •

Acten uit de notariële archieven van Amsterdam en het Noorderkwartier van Holland 1585–1600. Het koopmansarchief van Claes van Adrichem 1585–1597 (Bronnen voor de geschiedenis van de Nederlandse Oostzeehandel in de zeventiende eeuw, III) (Rijksgeschiedkundige Publicatiën, Grote Serie, 178), ed. P.H. Winkelman (The Hague, 1981), pp. xxi–xxvii, 469–569, including transcriptions of (parts of) items 74, 79, 86, 135, 137, 138 and 149.

Van Citters Record group Van Citters Van Citters Reference code Period Extent

: 1.10.19 : 15th century–1696 : 78 items, 4.53 metres

Abstract These archives consist of the papers of Aernout van Citters, envoy in England and in Spain in the late seventeenth century. They contain correspondence with the States General, other authorities and private individuals, and a collection of documents regarding diplomatic matters reaching back to the fteenth century.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1495–1694 : Denmark, Russia, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are a few items concerning trade and diplomatic relations with the Baltic Sea region. DOCUMENTS OF VAN CITTERS IN HIS CAPACITY AS ENVOY IN ENGLAND Maritime matters •

46: Extract resolutions of the States General concerning the arrest of Dutch ships in the Sound by Denmark, 1694 (2 pieces)

COLLECTED DOCUMENTS CONCERNING DIPLOMATIC MATTERS •

•

•

61: Collection of treaties and other documents from the fteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, including a treaty with Denmark from 1655, 1495–1666 (1 volume). 69: Report of the envoys Van Duvenvoorde, Hogerbeets and Bas regarding their diplomatic mission in Denmark, copy, 1611 (1 volume) (cf. States General (reference code: 1.01.05), no. 8319). 70: Report by Isaac Massa regarding his diplomatic mission to Russia (copy), 1617 (1 volume).

Accessibility Theo Thomassen, “Inventaris van het archief van A. van Citters [levensjaren 1633–1696], 1495–1698” (1989); also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance Aernout van Citters was envoy of the Republic in England (1680–1693) and Spain (1693–1696).

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Van der Heim Record group Van der Heim Van der Heim Reference code Period Extent

: 1.10.39 : 1609–1800 : 182 items, 2.82 metres

Abstract This record group consists of the papers of Jacob and Paulus van der Heim, who were both secretaries of the Meuse Admiralty. Jacob was also a director of the Rotterdam chamber of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). The material therefore mainly concerns the Admiralty and the VOC. Also included are documents regarding the negotiations in Brussels in connection with the Barrière-treaty and some personal records. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1741–1795 : Denmark, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are a few items regarding trade and shipping, and diplomatic relations with the Baltic region. These all belong to the section of documents regarding the activities of Jacob and Paulus van der Heim in their capacity as rst and second secretaries of the Meuse Admiralty. TRADE, SHIPPING, FISHING AND INDUSTRY • •

•

56: Documents regarding shipping between Prussia and the Republic, 1748–1790 (1 folder). 57: Copies of letters and reports from ambassadors, envoys and consuls abroad and from some persons within the Republic to the States General regarding trade and shipping, 1754 (1 bundle). 59: Documents regarding relations with Denmark, for example concerning the foundation of re beacons in the Sound, the arrest of ships, and the supply of sailors, 1771–1795 (1 folder).

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RELATIONS WITH FOREIGN POWERS •

65: Documents regarding the arrest and bringing in of Dutch ships into Swedish ports by Swedish vessels, 1741–1789 (1 folder).

Accessibility A.J. Ubels, “Inventaris van het archief van mr. J. van der Heim [levensjaren 1727–1799]; mr. P. van der Heim [levensjaren 1753–1823], 1609–1800” (1947); also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance Jacob van der Heim (1727–1799) was secretary of the Meuse Admiralty from 1746 to 1795 and director of the Rotterdam chamber of the VOC from 1770 to 1795. His son, Paulus van der Heim (1753–1823) was second secretary to the Meuse Admiralty from 1772 to 1795. He became Dutch Minister of the Indies and Trade, of the Marine and Colonies and of Foreign Affairs under French rule between 1806 and 1810. Related materials •

Admiralty Boards XXXVIII, Documents Regarding Maritime and Admiralty Matters from the Van der Heim Collection (reference code: 1.10.47.27).

Van Slingelandt-De Vrij Temminck Record group Van Slingelandt-De Vrij Temminck Van Slingelandt-De Vrij Temminck Reference code : 3.20.52 Period : 1550–1813 Extent : 657 items, 18.3 metres Abstract These archives contain the papers of the Van Slingelandt family and of Egbert de Vrij Temminck. Also included are some documents from François and Hendrik Fagel, Pieter van Bleiswijk, Wigbolt Slicher de Jonge and Joannes Slicher. The material consists of documents collected by these people as

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1515

part of their ofces in Holland, Brabant and the Generality. They include correspondence and other documents regarding various local, regional and national matters. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1645–1786 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, French, Latin

Relevant are some items of the administration of Govert van Slingelandt, his son Simon van Slingelandt and Egbert de Vrij Temminck, which concern diplomatic relations, trade and shipping to the Baltic Sea region. GOVERT VAN SLINGELANDT (1620–1690) Envoy in Sweden, Poland and Denmark •

• •

• •

16: Missive of the burgomasters of Dordrecht to the States of Holland regarding the mission of Govert van Slingelandt to Sweden and Poland, 1655 (1 piece). 17: Extract resolutions and other documents regarding the embassy of Van Slingelandt to Sweden and Poland, 1655–1656 (6 pieces). 18: Register of letters of the extraordinary ambassadors of the States General at the courts of the kings of Sweden and Poland, 1656–1658 (1 volume). 19: Verbaal (report) of the extraordinary mission of the States General to Denmark, 1659 (1 volume). 20: Extract resolution of the States General regarding the embassy of Govert van Slingelandt to Denmark, 1660 (2 pieces).

SIMON VAN SLINGELANDT (1664–1736) Correspondence with envoys Dutch envoys abroad • •

135, 136: Drafts of letters by Simon van Slingelandt to various envoys, 1728–1735 (2 bundles). 137: Letters by extraordinary envoy Hamel-Bruynincx at the Imperial court in Vienna, 1727–1736 (1 volume).

1516 • •

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138: Letters by J.J. Mauricius, resident at Hamburg, 1737 (1 folder). 140, 141: Letters of minister Van Reede Ginckel at the Prussian court in Berlin, 1730–1736 (1 bundle and 1 volume).

Foreign envoys in the Republic •

162: Letter by Uelefeldt, extraordinary envoy of the German Emperor, undated (1 piece).

Various subjects •

168: Diplomatic correspondence with foreign authorities, secret resolutions, secret letters to the States General, etc., mainly concerning France and England (copies), 1733–1736 (12 folders).

EGBERT DE VRIJ TEMMINCK Documents regarding trade and shipping • • •

475–477: Documents concerning the import and export of grain, 1768– 1786 (3 folders). 478: Notes of De Vrij Temminck regarding Muscovian and Baltic Sea trade, after 1783 (1 folder). 481: Documents regarding the mediation of the king of Prussia (representing involved subjects) in the bankruptcy of the De Neufville brothers, 1763 (1 folder).

Miscellaneous •

577: List of Sound tolls, 1645 (1 piece).

Accessibility “Inventaris van het archief van de familie Van Slingelandt-De Vrij Temminck” (2005); also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance Govert van Slingelandt (1620–1690) was pensionary of Dordrecht and envoy in Poland and Sweden in 1656, and in Denmark in 1659 and 1660. From 1664 he was secretary of the Council of State. Simon van Slingelandt (1664–1736), his son, was secretary of the Council of State from 1690, treasurer general from 1725 on and pensionary of Holland from 1727 to

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his death in 1736. Egbert de Vrij Temminck (1700–1785) was alderman, councillor and burgomaster of Amsterdam. In addition, he was a representative in the Council of State, the Board of the Amsterdam Admiralty and a director in both the West and East India Companies (WIC and VOC). Related materials •

States of Holland (reference code: 3.01.04.01).

Willem van Assendelft Record group Willem van Assendelft Willem van Assendelft Reference code : 1.10.61 Period : 1703–1741 Extent : 26 items, 0.57 metres Abstract This material consists of the papers of Willem van Assendelft, who was an envoy in Denmark and in the Austrian Netherlands in the second quarter of the eighteenth century. It includes his correspondence in his capacity as envoy and documents regarding the registrar’s ofce at the Court of Holland and his private fortune. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1703–1740 : Denmark, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, French

Relevant is the material relating to Van Assendelft’s post as envoy in Denmark: • • •

1: Draft and original verbaal (report) (both incomplete) of Van Assendelft’s envoyship in Denmark, 1727–1729 (1 bundle). 2: Copybook of outgoing letters to the States General and the registrar, 1727–1729 (1 bundle). 3: Copies of outgoing letters to the registrar of the States General, 1727–1728 (1 folder).

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4: Drafts of outgoing letters to Pensionary Van Slingelandt, 1728–1729 (1 folder). 5: Draft of an outgoing letter to the Directors of Baltic trade at Amsterdam, 1728 (1 piece). 6: Incoming extract resolutions of the States General, 1729–1734 (1 volume). 7: Incoming copies of resolutions of the States General, 1704–1740 (1 folder). 8: Incoming letters from registrar F. Fagel, 1728–1739 (1 folder). 10: Newsletters of Dutch envoys abroad, 1730–1731 (3 pieces). 11: Incoming documents from the pensionaries of Holland, 1728–1740 (1 folder). 18: Copies of Danish ordinances, 1687–1717 (1 folder). 19: Documents regarding statements of expenses and the ceremonial of envoys of the Republic, 1703–1739 (1 folder).

Accessibility J. Pennings, “Inventaris van het archief van W. van Assendelft [levensjaren 1693–1740], 1687–1741” (1994); also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance Willem van Assendelft (1693–1740) was an envoy of the Republic in Denmark from 1727 to 1729 and in the Austrian Netherlands from 1729 to his death in 1740. Related materials •

Diplomatic Mission Denmark (reference code: 1.02.12).

Witte de With Record group Witte de With Witte de With Reference code Period Extent

: 1.10.84 : 1581–1928 : 43 items, 0.33 metres

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1519

Abstract These archives consist of the papers of Witte de With. They include documents of an ofcal nature, such as appointments, instructions and correspondence, documents of a personal nature and documents regarding his family and life. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1644–1645 : Denmark, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are some documents regarding Witte de With’s activities as admiral on the convoy sailing to Norway and the Baltic Sea, and negotiations with Denmark in 1644–1645. These all belong to the section of documents regarding Witte de With’s ofcial activities. • • •

•

4: Appointment by Prince Frederik Hendrik to serve as admiral on the convoy sailing to Norway and the Baltic Sea, 1644–1645 (2 charters). 16: Secret instructions of the States General to De With regarding the convoy of the merchant eet sailing through the Sound, 1644 (1 piece). 17: Letter by the States General to resident Cracauw in Denmark regarding the orders given to De With and further instructions regarding negotiations with the king of Denmark (copy), 1645 (1 piece). 21: Letter of acknowledgement of the States General to Witte de With regarding the way in which he served in the Sound, 1645 (1 piece).

Accessibility “Inventaris van het archief van Witte Cornelisz. de With [levensjaren 1599–1658], (1581) 1629–1657 (1928)”. Record creator / provenance Witte Cornelisz. de With (1599–1658) was appointed captain by the Meuse Admiralty in 1622. He subsequently sailed in convoys to the Baltic Sea and in the Canal, and to Brasil to defend Dutch interests there. He died in 1658 in the Nordic War.

1520

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THE UTRECHT ARCHIVES Het Utrechts Archief Utrecht www.hetutrechtsarchief.nl

Amerongen Estate Record group Amerongen Estate Huis Amerongen Reference code Period Extent

: 1001 : 1405–1979 : 5334 items, 104.31 metres

Abstract These archives consist of the papers of the Amerongen estate and its owners. They consist of the administration of the estate and other lands, and of the documents of a personal and ofcial nature of its various owners and related families: the Van Reede, Wijts, Van Tuyll van Serooskerke, Van Aldenburg Bentinck and Van Bylandt families. Also included is some documentation regarding the family and estate, newspapers, magazines and books, and some deposited archives. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1596–1748 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant is some correspondence that concerns diplomatic relations between the Netherlands and authorities in the Baltic Sea region. All these materials derive from the Van Reede family.

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GODARD ADRIAAN VAN REEDE (1621–1691) X MARGARETA TURNOR Personal •

2775: Letters to Margareta Turnor regarding the death of her husband in Copenhagen, the transportation of his corpse and the preparations for his funeral, 1691 (1 folder).

Ofcial; general • •

2776–2791: Drafts of letters to various people, 1671–1691 (16 bundles). 2792–2852: Incoming letters and other documents, 1671–1691 (61 bundles).

Ofcial; diplomatic posts •

•

•

•

• •

•

2987: Collection of treaties between the United Provinces and various sovereigns and states, 1596–1657, including Denmark, 1625 and 1645, and Sweden, 1640 and 1645 (1 bundle). 2988–2999: Collection of treaties between the United Provinces and various sovereigns and states, 1647–1679 (3 bundles and 9 folders). Including: * 2990: Denmark, 1647–1666 (1 bundle). * 2991: Denmark, Brandenburg and the dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg, 1666 (1 folder). * 2995: Sweden, 1656–1679 (1 bundle). 3000–3010: Documents concerning Godard van Reede’s post as extraordinary ambassador in Denmark and Sweden 1657–1658, 1651–1665 (4 folders, 9 pieces, 3 bundles and 1 volume). 3035–3059: Documents concerning Godard van Reede’s post as extraordinary ambassador in Denmark 1665–1666 and 1667–1668, 1641–1720 (10 bundles, 3 charters, 10 folders, 1 quire and 1 piece). 3088: Instruction for Godard van Reede’s post as extraordinary representative in Bremen 1676–1677, with appendix, 1676 (1 folder). 3093, 3094: Letter written to and received from Cornelis Moeringh at Copenhagen during Godard van Reede’s post as commissioner to Brandenburg, 1697–1684, 1681–1684 (2 bundles). 3131–3149: Various documents concerning Godard van Reede’s post as extraordinary ambassador in Denmark 1690–1691, 1689–1692 (13 folders and 6 bundles).

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GODARD VAN REEDE (1644–1703) X URSULA PHILIPPOTA VAN RAESFELT Personal •

3171: Charter in which King Christian V of Denmark raises Godard van Reede to knight in the Order of the Elephant, 1692 (1 charter).

REINHARD VAN REEDE (1678–1747) Ofcial; general •

•

•

3517–3534: Incoming letters from foreign representatives, 1730–1742 (12 bundles and 6 folders). Including: * 3517: D. van Bleiswijk at Gdansk, 1733–1734 (1 bundle). * 3528: Marcelis de Swart at St. Petersburg, 1730–1742 (1 bundle). * 3530: J.J. Mauricius at Hamburg, 1731–1737 (1 folder). 3566: Letters from various people, 1718–1748, including letters from Marquis Botta Adorna at St. Petersburg and Moscow, 1733–1743 (1 bundle). 3567: Letters from various people, 1730–1746, including letters from L. Jagonschinski at St. Petersburg, 1735 (1 bundle).

Ofcial; envoy at the court of the Prussian king • •

3640: Letters and bills from Samuel Hian, wine merchant at Hamburg, 1737–1740 (1 folder). 3664–3665: Documents regarding problems encountered by merchants in Königsberg, Gdansk, Hamburg, Glückstadt and Ostend, relating to the conscation of ships and goods, and levied taxes, 1730–1741 (2 bundles).

Ofcial; protection of the interests of others •

•

•

3708: Documents regarding the mediation on behalf of G. van Hogendorp van Hofwegen against the king of Poland regarding a debt, due to overdue interest, 1727 and 1730 (1 folder). 3712: Documents regarding the mediation on behalf of the widow Lups at Amsterdam against Booth and Lister at Königsberg, 1732 and 1739–1740 (1 folder). 3716: Documents regarding the mediation in a case between John and Emanuel der Kinderen at Amsterdam against the heirs of the coun-

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cillors Zetske, 1738, and Goedekin, 1741, both at Szczecin (Stettin) (1 folder). Accessibility E.P. de Booy, “Inventaris van het archief van het huis Amerongen, 1405– 1979”; also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance The Amerongen estate was rst mentioned in 1286, when it was still subject to the count of Holland. In the fteenth century the estate became part of the Sticht, the land of the bishop of Utrecht. After being owned by the De Borre family until the fteenth century, Amerongen was eventually sold to the Van Reede family in 1557, who remained the owners until 1976. The lords of Amerongen held important posts in Holland, Utrecht and the United Provinces from its foundation, and were also sent abroad as envoys and ambassadors. Godard Adriaan van Reede (1621–1691) is a good example of this. He was, among other functions, a member of the States of Utrecht, the States General and the Council of State, and served as commissioner of maritime and military matters, as an extraordinary ambassador in Denmark and Sweden, and Spain, and as commissioner at Brandenburg and the peace negotiations at Cologne.

De Geer Family of Jutphaas Record group De Geer Family of Jutphaas Familie De Geer van Jutphaas Reference code : 68 Period : 1204–1977 Extent : 981 items, 13.13 metres Abstract These archives consist of the papers of the De Geer family of Jutphaas. They consist of documents of a genealogical and heraldic nature, documents concerning personal matters of various members of the De Geer family and some members of the related Tamminga family, and documents regarding lands in Liege and the provinces of Utrecht, South-Holland,

1524

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Gelderland, North-Brabant and Groningen. Also included is documentation regarding the De Geer family, such as portraits and other images, maps and publications. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1632–1850 : Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are the documents relating to the activities of some family members in Sweden, where they were active in the copper trade and acquired lands. Also relevant are portraits, a map and images of places in Sweden. DOCUMENTS OF A PERSONAL NATURE Louis de Geer of Finspong and Leufsta (1587–1652) • • • •

•

44: Letter to Louis de Geer from Queen Christina of Sweden 1644, eighteenth-century copy (1 piece). 45: Letter by Louis de Geer to Johan Adler Salvius, Swedish envoy in Hamburg, 1632 (1 piece). 46: Patent of nobility granted by Queen Christina of Sweden to Louis de Geer, copy, 1641 (1 quire). 51: Documents regarding the settlement of the estate of Elias Trip and of the dispute between his heirs and those of his brother-in-law Louis de Geer, especially with regard to the Halland domains and payments of the claims to the Swedish Crown, 1650–1723 and undated (1 bundle). 55: Portraits of Louis de Geer and his son Laurens, eighteenth- and nineteenth-century engravings and lithographies (8 sheets).

Louis de Geer of Finspong and Rijnhuizen (1622–1695) •

62: Report of Louis de Geer for his descendants regarding the regiment founded by him in 1674 and presented to the Swedish king, 1691, copy by his grandson Louis, 1724 (1 piece).

Jacquelina Cornelia de Geer (1709–1761) •

118: Letter (unsent) from Jacquelina Cornelia de Geer at Utrecht to her son Louis de Geer of Finspong in Stockholm, 1749 (1 piece).

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Jan Jacob de Geer of Rijnhuizen (1714–1781) •

147: Letters sent to Jan Jacob de Geer and Theodora Anna van Haeften by family members, mainly from Sweden, 1750–1784 (1 bundle).

DOCUMENTATION Maps and images of objects in Sweden and Denmark •

910: Map of southern Sweden, c. 1780 (1 sheet).

Portraits, drawings and images •

964.2: Views of villages, houses, castles, mountains and rivers, among other places in Sweden, late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (51 sheets).

Accessibility A.M. Abelman, “Inventaris van het archief van de familie De Geer van Jutphaas (1204) 1295–1977”; also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance The De Geer family originally came from Liege, but moved to Dordrecht in the sixteenth century. Louis de Geer (1587–1652) in 1615 moved to Amsterdam and became an active copper merchant. When King Gustav II Adolf of Sweden in 1613 negotiated a loan with the States General, promising regular copper supplies as a pay-off, many Amsterdam merchants joined in and supplied most of the money. Among the merchants turning out the cash were Louis de Geer and his brother-in-law Elias Trip and Elias’ brother Pieter. In 1626 the three of them founded a company. From 1627 to 1631 Louis stayed in Sweden, whereas the Trip brothers dominated the copper trade in Amsterdam. When Louis returned to Amsterdam, conicts between the partners soon gave the death-blow to the company. Louis de Geer returned to Sweden and founded a company there and also some brass factories in Norrköping and Nyköping. These factories were of great importance for the Swedish mining and metal industry, and in 1641 Queen Christina raised Louis de Geer to the Swedish peerage. He obtained domains in Finspong, Leufsta, Osterby, Fossala, Stensby and Skylberg. Louis de Geer eventually died in Amsterdam in 1652. His second son, also called

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Louis (1622–1695) held some important ofces in Sweden, such as colonel in the Swedish army. He married in Utrecht, however, and in 1654 bought the estate of Rijnhuizen. His descendants acquired the estate of Wijnestein at Jutphaas. A grandson of the second Louis, Louis de Geer of Finspong, carried on the De Geer line in Sweden. Visually attractive No. 55 consists of 8 portraits of Louis de Geer and his son Laurens, engravings and lithographies of various measurements from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, which are based on earlier paintings. No. 910 is a map of southern Sweden from c. 1780 and no. 964.2 consists of 51 drawings from the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries of villages, houses, castles, mountains and rivers in various places, including Sweden. Related materials •

City Archives of Amsterdam: Trustees in the Netherlands of the Goods of the Trip Family in Sweden (reference code: 533).

Evangelical Community of Brothers: Pastor and Council of Elders Record group Evangelical Community of Brothers: Pastor and Council of Elders Evangelische broedergemeente: predikant en oudstenraad Reference code : 1004 Period : 1745–1948 (1957) Extent : 1590 items, 34.78 metres Abstract These archives consist of the papers of the pastor and council of elders of the Evangelical Community of Brothers in Zeist. They include information on a wide variety of activities of the community and its members, such as synods and committees, missions and other journeys, the choir and schools, and reports from other communities and directors, and personal documents.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1759–1942 : Denmark, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are a few diaries of journeys to the Baltic Sea region and correspondence with congregations in this area. • • •

•

972: Extract from the diary of brother Kreymann at St. Petersburg, 1759–1760 (1 piece). 975: Diary of a journey of thirteen brothers and sisters from Amsterdam to St. Petersburg, and from there to Sarepta, 1767 (1 quire). 983: Travel account of Abraham Lossier and J.J. Schmidt of their journey from Neuwied via Copenhagen to Tranquebar (India), 1778–1779 (1 quire). 1134–1157: Correspondence with congregations and the diaspora outside the Netherlands, 1740–1947 (24 bundles). Including: * 1149: Russia, 1765–1845 (1 bundle). * 1150: Denmark, 1765 and 1775–1942 (1 bundle). * 1152: Sweden, 1764–1830 (1 bundle).

Accessibility H.L.Ph. Leeuwenberg, “Inventaris van het archief van predikant en oudstenraad van de evangelische broedergemeente te Zeist 1745–1948 (1957)”; also available online at the repository’s website.

Grothe Family and Related Families Record group Grothe Family and Related Families Familie Grothe en aanverwante families Reference code : 750 Period : 1583–1960 Extent : 1639 items, 10.3 metres

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Abstract These archives consist of the papers of the Grothe family and twenty related families. They include documents regarding immovable goods in Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden, and papers from various members of the Grothe family and related families. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1624–1922 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are a few items regarding trade relations with and immigration to the Baltic Sea region: GROTHE FAMILY Immovable goods; Sweden •

191–192: Missive book regarding the possession of the Halland or Trip estates in Sweden, in which Jacob Anna Grothe and other family members had a share, 1874–1923, with appendix, 1874–1922 (1 volume and 1 folder).

RELATED FAMILIES Cottman family •

769: Eulogy in Latin for Ernest Cottman, professor in Rostock, with Dutch translation, 1624 (1 folder).

PERSONS NOT OR DISTANTLY RELATED TO THE GROTHE FAMILY • •

1576: Documents regarding the loan of Pieter and Adriaan Trip to the king and queen of Sweden, 1629–1654 (1 bundle). 1581: Notice in the Amsterdamsche Courant from which appears that Jan Frederik Grothe lived in Hamburg in 1764, 1764 (1 piece).

the utrecht archives

1529

DOCUMENTS OF WHICH THE CONNECTION TO THESE ARCHIVES IS UNCLEAR • •

1604: Notice in the ’s-Gravenhaegsche Courant that Van Koch has been appointed Royal Danish Justice Councillor, 1755 (1 piece). 1608: Documents regarding shares in the iron and alum factories Garphytte and B. Christina in Sweden, copies, 1788 (1 folder).

Accessibility J. Gerritsen and A.B.R. du Croo de Vries, “Inventaris van het archief van de familie Grothe en aanverwante families 1583–1960”; also available online at the repository’s website.

Van Boetzelaer Family Record group Van Boetzelaer Family Familie Van Boetzelaer Reference code : 32 Period : 1316–1952 Extent : 1179 items, 14.84 metres Abstract These archives consist of the papers of the Van Boetzelaer family. The material includes genealogical documents, documents of a personal nature of various members of the family and related families, and records concerning the estates of the family. Also included is the De Groot collection, which consists of some remaining records of Hugo Grotius and his family, after the main part of the collection was transferred to the National Archives. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1635–1690 : Denmark, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are a few items concerning (diplomatic) relations between the Dutch Republic and Denmark, and between Sweden and Prussia.

1530

the netherlands

VAN BOETZELAER FAMILY Jan Lucas Bouwens •

•

421: Patent of nobility granted by King Frederick III of Denmark to Gabriël van Marselis and his descendants, 1665, eighteenth-century copy (1 quire). 422: Documents regarding the claim of Jan van Marselis, Admiralty councillor at Amsterdam against King Frederick II of Denmark, 1661–1690, copies (1 folder).

DE GROOT Hugo de Groot (1593–1645) • •

1056: Letters to Hugo de Groot, Swedish ambassador at the French court, 1635–1642, including a letter from Elblag (Elbing), 1635 (5 pieces). 1057: Letters to Hugo de Groot, Swedish ambassador at the French court from Israël Köhne dictus Jaskyn from Gdansk, Warsaw and Königsberg, 1637–1641 (32 pieces).

Accessibility E.P. de Booy, “Inventaris van de archieven van de familie van Boetzelaer”; also available online at the repository’s website. Related materials •

National Archives: Hugo de Groot (reference code: 1.10.35.01).

Zuilen Estate Record group Zuilen Estate Huis van Zuilen Reference code Period Extent

: 76 : 1385–1950 : 1724 items, 27.19 metres

the utrecht archives

1531

Abstract These archives consist of the administration of the Zuilen estate (in the province of Utrecht) and its various owners. They include documents regarding the management of the domain and other lands, documents concerning the lords and ladies of Zuilen and their relatives, documents of a genealogical and heraldic nature, and documentation regarding the members of the family and the various lands. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1618–1708 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, various languages

Relevant are three items relating to diplomatic and trade relations with the Baltic Sea region: VAN LOKHORST FAMILY Cornelis van Lokhorst (1595–1629) •

747: Letter of attorney of Cornelis and Adam van Lokhorst as heirs of their father Cornelis for Klaas […] to negotiate with Gustavus Steenbuck, agent of the king of Sweden, regarding a claim of over 9000 guilders, 1618 (1 piece).

VAN TUYLL VAN SEROOSKERKEN FAMILY Godard Willem van Tuyll van Serooskerken (1647–1708) •

•

1447: Letters to Godard Willem van Tuyll van Serooskerken relating to his various posts, including letters from Copenhagen and Rostock, 1691–1708 (1 bundle). 1450: Resolutions of the States General as a reaction to a memorandum by the Danish envoy regarding Danish ships brought in in Zeeland, 1703, etc. (2 pieces).

Accessibility E.P. de Booy, “Inventaris van het archief van het Huis Zuilen, 1385–1951”; also available online at the repository’s website.

1532

the netherlands

MUNICIPAL ARCHIVES VENLO Gemeentearchief Venlo Venlo archief.venlo.nl

Town Government Record group Town Government Stadsbestuur Reference code Period Extent

:1 : 1272–1814 : 2796 items, 35 metres

Abstract The old archives of the town of Venlo contain the remaining administration of the town and the institutions accountable to the town council up to 1814, when the municipal government was restructured. The materials include the general administration of the town council, and documents regarding nances, population, guilds, churches, convents, schools, trafc and trade, police and military business. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1237–1669 : Germany, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, Low German, various languages

Situated in the south-east of the Netherlands, Venlo was not a sea port. Relevant is therefore solely Venlo’s role as a member of the Hanseatic League, which ended in the late sixteenth century (although correspondence concerning the Hanse survives up until 1669): •

2092, 2093: Register of privileges to the Hanseatic towns, 1237–1560, copies, sixteenth century (2 fragmented volumes).

municipal archives vlissingen • • • •

•

•

1533

2094: Schatbrief from the town of Lübeck, copy, 1554 (1 piece). 2095: Recessen, minutes of the Hanseatic meetings held at Lübeck, 1500–1579 (3 fragments of a volume). 2096: Recessen, minutes of a Hanseatic meeting held at Cologne, 1554 (1 volume). 2097–2099: Recessen, minutes of meetings of the Cologne Quarter of the Hanseatic League, 1556, 1557 and 1567 (3 volumes of which 1 is fragmented). 2100: Missives from the Hanseatic towns of Lübeck, Cologne, Nijmegen and Roermond, and recessen, minutes from Hanseatic meetings at Lübeck and Cologne with letters sent to Venlo, 1528–1599 (68 pieces). 2101: Missives from the Hanseatic towns, 1600–1628, 1667 and 1669 (58 pieces).

Accessibility H. Hansen, Inventaris van het Oud Archief der Stad, Municipaliteit en Gemeente Venlo (Venlo, 1919).

MUNICIPAL ARCHIVES VLISSINGEN Gemeentearchief Vlissingen Vlissingen www.gemeentearchiefvlissingen.nl

Clijver Family Record group Clijver Family Familie Clijver Reference code Period Extent

: 385 : 1750–1804 : 73 items

1534

the netherlands

Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the Clijver family. It contains documents regarding Evert Clijver as a member of the town government and commissioner at the Admiralty, and regarding Pieter Jacob Clijver. The material includes (extracts from) resolutions, ordinances, placards, etc., from the Vlissingen council and other documents concerning aspects of the town government, and documents concerning the Admiralty. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1639–1795 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the resolutions and minutes of the town council, which may include decisions regarding the market, the harbour, trade and shipping. EVERT CLYVER • • • •

4778–4780: Alphabetical catalogue of resolutions of the town council over the period 1649–1752, c. 1752 (3 volumes). 4781–4784: Alphabetical catalogue of minutes of the town council over the period 1753–1786, c. 1786 (4 volumes). 4785: Extracts from the minutes of meetings of the town council over the period 1698–1756, c. 1756 (1 volume). 4786–4790: Placards, publications, etc. over the period 1643–1795, c. 1795] (5 volumes).

PIETER JACOB CLYVER •

4832–4833: Notes from the minutes of the meetings of the council over the period 1639–1772, c. 1755 and 1772 (1 folder and 1 small volume).

Accessibility Inventory (originally part of the compiled inventory “Inventaris van het archief der Gemeente Vlissingen”, by W. de Bruine); also available online at: www.archieven.nl.

municipal archives vlissingen

1535

Record creator / provenance The town of Vlissingen is situated to the north of the West Scheldt River on the island of Walcheren in Zeeland. In the Middle Ages, its inhabitants were active in shing and from the late thirteenth century in trade with England. In 1308 and 1445 new harbours were built. During the Middle Ages, however, the town remained a small player in trade compared to its neighbour Middelburg, and mainly specialised in shing. Some trade to the Baltic Sea was also conducted. In 1574 the town was rewarded by William of Orange for being the rst Zeeland town to join the struggle against Spain voluntarily and was given equal rights to Middelburg. In 1583 again a new harbour was built. At the end of the sixteenth century, Vlissingen had surpassed Middelburg. Trade concentrated mainly on southern Europe, but there was some trade to the West Indies and the Baltic Sea as well. At the end of the seventeenth century, Vlissingen became a marine harbour. Custodial history The old town of Vlissingen was bombed in 1809, and the town hall, including many of the old archives, was burnt. This collection is made up of the remainder of the old archives, supplemented with documents that were not kept at the town hall at the time and copies of registers from private collections. Related materials •

Town Government of Vlissingen (reference code: 100).

Collection of Printed Ordinances Record group Collection of Printed Ordinances Verzameling Gedrukte Ordonnanties Reference code : 399 Period : 1609–1895 Extent : 591 items, 3.36 metres

1536

the netherlands

Abstract This collection consists of printed ordinances from the town of Vlissingen. Included are ordinances regarding public order, taxes, the market and goods, guilds, the harbour and other matters. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1773–1780 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are some ordinances regarding the harbour, ships and lastage: •

• • •

25–29: Ordinance and regulations regarding the conduct of harbour masters, boom wardens and keepers of the sea and water gates within the town of Vlissingen, 1773–1780 (5 folders). 30: By-laws and publications regarding the loading of foreign skippers within the town of Vlissingen, 1777 (1 folder). 48: Ordinance regarding the town lastage on ships and other matters and the lantern dues on ships within Vlissingen, 1777 (1 folder). 53: Ordinance and regulation on the calibration and gauging of ships within Vlissingen, 1779 (1 folder).

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at: www.archieven.nl. Record creator / provenance The town of Vlissingen is situated to the north of the West Scheldt River on the island of Walcheren in Zeeland. In the Middle Ages, its inhabitants were active in shing and from the late thirteenth century on in trade with England. In 1308 and 1445 new harbours were built. During the Middle Ages, however, the town remained a small player in trade compared to its neighbour Middelburg, and it mainly specialised in shing. Some trade to the Baltic Sea was also conducted. In 1574 the town was rewarded by William of Orange for being the rst Zeeland town to join the struggle against Spain voluntarily and was given equal rights to Middelburg. In 1583 again a new harbour was built. At the end of the sixteenth century, Vlissingen had surpassed Middelburg. Trade concentrated mainly on southern Europe, but there was some trade to the West Indies and the Baltic Sea as well. At the end of the seventeenth century, Vlissingen became a marine harbour.

municipal archives vlissingen

1537

Related materials •

Town Government of Vlissingen (reference code: 100).

Documents Regarding Persons Born, Married, Died and Having Settled in Vlissingen Record group Documents Regarding Persons Born, Married, Died and Having Settled in Vlissingen Bescheiden betreffende personen die te Vlissingen geboren, gehuwd, overleden zijn en zich gevestigd hebben Reference code : 117 Period : 1582–1820 Extent : 35 items Abstract This collection consists of a compilation of documents regarding births, deaths, marriages and cases of settling down in Vlissingen. It thus includes lists and registers of baptised, married and deceased persons and of new burghers. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1585–1811 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are all materials from before 1800, which may provide information on immigration from the Baltic Sea region. In particular the documents regarding marriages and new burghers include information on places of origin. BIRTHS •

4547–4548: Lists of baptised children, 1709–1808 (4 volumes); index under no. 4556, 1709–1809 (1 volume).

1538 •

the netherlands

4559: Register of people baptised in various places, of which the evidence is kept at the Birth, Death and Marriage Registry in Vlissingen, 1624–1796 (1 volume).

DEATHS •

4561–4562, 4564: Lists of died or buried persons, 1712–1811 (1 bundle and 2 volumes).

BIRTHS AND MARRIAGES •

4566–4575: Extracts from baptismal and marriage registers from the reformed and strict reformed congregations, 1585–1808 (10 quires and 2 folders).

DEATHS •

4576: Copies of lists of buried persons, 1711–1769 (1 volume).

NEW BURGHERS • •

4577: Lists of persons who have become burgers (poorters) of Vlissingen in the period 1469–1774, c. 1774 (1 quire). 4578: Geadmitteerde burgers, admitted burghers in the period 1770–1797, c. 1797 (1 volume).

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at: www.archieven.nl (originally part of the compiled inventory “Inventaris van het archief der Gemeente Vlissingen” by W. de Bruine, which included 63 collections). Record creator / provenance The town of Vlissingen is situated to the north of the West Scheldt River on the island of Walcheren in Zeeland. In the Middle Ages, its inhabitants were active in shing and from the late thirteenth century on in trade with England. In 1308 and 1445 new harbours were built. During the Middle Ages, however, the town remained a small player in trade compared to its neighbour Middelburg, and mainly specialised in shing. Some trade to the Baltic Sea was also conducted. In 1574 the town was rewarded by William of Orange for being the rst Zeeland town to join the struggle against

municipal archives vlissingen

1539

Spain voluntarily and was given equal rights to Middelburg. In 1583 again a new harbour was built. At the end of the sixteenth century, Vlissingen had surpassed Middelburg. Trade concentrated mainly on southern Europe, but there was some trade to the West Indies and the Baltic Sea as well. At the end of the seventeenth century, Vlissingen became a marine harbour. Custodial history The old town of Vlissingen was bombed in 1809, and the town hall, including many of the old archives, was burnt. This collection is made up of the remainder of the old archives supplemented with documents that were not kept at the town hall at the time and copies of registers from private collections. Related materials •

Registrar’s Ofce (reference code: 115).

Evangelical Lutheran Congregation of Vlissingen Record group Evangelical Lutheran Congregation of Vlissingen Evangelisch Lutherse Gemeente Vlissingen Reference code : 364 Period : 1735–1958 Extent : 218 items, 5.30 metres Abstract This collection consists of the administration of the Evangelical Lutheran Congregation of Vlissingen. It includes the records of the church council, the church welfare work and the Vlissingen department of the Dutch Lutheran society for domestic and foreign missions. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1735–1918 : Germany, the Netherlands : Dutch

1540

the netherlands

Relevant are the registers of members of the congregation (inv. nos. 50–52, from 1735–1918, 3 volumes), in which immigrants from northern Germany can be found. Accessibility A. Meerman, “Archief Evangelisch Lutherse Gemeente 1735–1958 (1981)” (1987); also available on the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance The town of Vlissingen is situated to the north of the West Scheldt River on the island of Walcheren in Zeeland. In the Middle Ages, its inhabitants were active in shing and from the late thirteenth century on in trade with England. In 1308 and 1445 new harbours were built. During the Middle Ages, however, the town remained a small player in trade compared to its neighbour Middelburg, and mainly specialised in shing. Some trade to the Baltic Sea was also conducted. In 1574 the town was rewarded by William of Orange for being the rst Zeeland town to join the struggle against Spain voluntarily and was given equal rights to Middelburg. In 1583 again a new harbour was built. At the end of the sixteenth century, Vlissingen had surpassed Middelburg. Trade concentrated mainly on southern Europe, but there was some trade to the West Indies and the Baltic Sea as well. At the end of the seventeenth century, Vlissingen became a marine harbour.

Guild Archives Record group Guild Archives Gildenarchieven Reference code Period Extent

: 326 : (1508) 1545–1812 : 219 items, 3.4 metres

Abstract This collection consists of the administration of eleven guilds from the town of Vlissingen. It includes registers of ordinances, statutes, resolutions, acts, privileges, judgements, correspondence and requests, nancial registers, and lists of members and deans of guild.

municipal archives vlissingen

1541

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1553–1808 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant may be the archives of the skippers’ guild: • • •

111: Guild book, register of acts, privileges, judgements, letters, resolutions, requests and ordinances, 1553–1754 (1 volume). 113: Ordinances and publications for skippers, 1773–1805 (6 quires). 114: Incoming and copies of outgoing documents, 1781–1808 (1 folder).

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at: www.archieven.nl. Record creator / provenance The town of Vlissingen is situated to the north of the West Scheldt River on the island of Walcheren in Zeeland. In the Middle Ages, its inhabitants were active in shing and from the late thirteenth century on in trade with England. In 1308 and 1445 new harbours were built. During the Middle Ages, however, the town remained a small player in trade compared to its neighbour Middelburg, and mainly specialised in shing. Some trade to the Baltic Sea was also conducted. In 1574 the town was rewarded by William of Orange for being the rst Zeeland town to join the struggle against Spain voluntarily and was given equal rights to Middelburg. In 1583 again a new harbour was built. At the end of the sixteenth century, Vlissingen had surpassed Middelburg. Trade concentrated mainly on southern Europe, but there was some trade to the West Indies and the Baltic Sea region as well. At the end of the seventeenth century, Vlissingen became a marine harbour.

1542

the netherlands

Manuscript Collection I Record group Manuscript Collection I Handschriftenverzameling I Reference code : 112 Period : 1477–1927 Extent : 389 items Abstract This collection consists of manuscripts compiled by the municipal archives of Vlissingen. The material includes resolutions, notes regarding meetings of the council, ordinances, publications, inventories, and documents regarding taxes, public order, public health, public safety, water management, trafc and transportation, economic matters, social care, education, religion, military matters and justice. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1477–1870 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the minutes, resolutions, ordinances and publications of the town council, which may include decisions regarding the market, harbour, trade and shipping, and some items specically concerning trade and the Sailors’ Fund. GENERAL • • • •

5292–5312: (Alphabetical) reportories of minutes and resolutions of the meetings of the town council, 1578–1789 (20 volumes and 1 bundle). 5320: Notes from the resolutions of the town council from 1578–1689, c. 1875 (1 volume). 5321: Notes from the minutes of the meetings of the town council from 1690–1814, c. 1875 (1 volume). 5323–5337: Various ordinances and publications with indices from 1477–1807, c. 1729–1807 (14 volumes and 1 folder).

municipal archives vlissingen

1543

SPECIFIC Foreign trade • •

5473–5474: Lists of merchant vessels from Vlissingen, c. 1600 and 1733 (1 quire and 1 piece). 5475: Note regarding ships sailing from Vlissingen in 1759–1768, c. 1870 (1 piece).

Social welfare •

5495: Notes regarding the Sailors’ and Fishers’ Fund from c. 1642–c. 1870, c. 1870 (1 bundle).

Justice •

5537–5552: Customs, ordinances and statutes of Vlissingen, c. 1650–c. 1763 (19 volumes).

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at: www.archieven.nl (originally part of the compiled inventory “Inventaris van het archief der Gemeente Vlissingen” by W. de Bruine, which included 63 collections). Record creator / provenance The town of Vlissingen is situated to the north of the West Scheldt River on the island of Walcheren in Zeeland. In the Middle Ages, its inhabitants were active in shing and from the late thirteenth century on in trade with England. In 1308 and 1445 new harbours were built. During the Middle Ages, however, the town remained a small player in trade compared to its neighbour Middelburg, and mainly specialised in shing. Some trade to the Baltic Sea was also conducted. In 1574 the town was rewarded by William of Orange for being the rst Zeeland town to join the struggle against Spain voluntarily and was given equal rights to Middelburg. In 1583 again a new harbour was built. At the end of the sixteenth century, Vlissingen had surpassed Middelburg. Trade concentrated mainly on southern Europe, but there was some trade to the West Indies and the Baltic Sea as well. At the end of the seventeenth century, Vlissingen became a marine harbour.

1544

the netherlands

Custodial history The old town of Vlissingen was bombed in 1809, and the town hall, including many of the old archives, was burnt. This collection is made up of the remainder of the old archives supplemented with documents that were not kept at the town hall at the time and copies of registers from private collections. Related materials •

Town Government of Vlissingen (reference code: 100).

Mauritz Family Record group Mauritz Family Familie Mauritz Reference code Period Extent

: 384 : 1748–1791 : 248 items

Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the Mauritz family. It contains documents regarding Bernard Mauritz as caretaker of the prince’s residence and Johannes Mauritz as a member of the town council of Vlissingen and as a steward of the domains of the Prince of Orange. The material includes minutes, resolutions, correspondence, ordinances, publications and other documents regarding the town administration of Vlissingen, records concerning the stewardship of the domains of the Prince of Orange and documents of a personal nature. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1513–1791 : Russia, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the resolutions, minutes, correspondence and ordinances, which may contain decisions regarding the market, the harbour, trade and shipping. Also important are documents specically concerning lastage, beaconage,

municipal archives vlissingen

1545

relations with Russia, the guilds and maritime law. All relevant papers derive from Johannes Mauritz. • •

• • • • • •

• •

• •

4911–4915: Draft notes regarding the meetings of the town council, 1758–1791 (5 volumes). 4916–4919: Catalogue of the resolutions and minutes of the meetings of the town council and of the States of Zeeland in the period 1578–1774, c. 1771 and 1774 (1 folder and 1 bundle). 4921–4924: Copies of incoming and outgoing letters of the town magistrates, 1585–1604 (2 volumes and 2 folders). 4926–4931: Ordinances, publications and indices etc. on these from 1513–1789, c. 1771–1790 (4 quires and 2 folders). 4935: Extracts from the minutes of the meetings of the States of Zeeland in the period 1698–1779, c. 1779 (1 folder). 4991: Notes regarding the lastage from 1593–1772, c. 1772 (1 folder). 4992–4993: Copies of accounts of the lastage, 1759–1777 (1 quire and 1 folder). 4994–4995: Lists of resolutions regarding the convooien en licenten (a lastage for the protection of trade) and tolls from the years 1579–1614, c. 1775 (1 folder and 1 quire). 5022: Notes regarding the receipt of extraordinary beaconage in 1771– 1780, c. 1780 (1 piece). 5029: Copy of a letter with appendices of the representative councillors of the States of Zeeland to bailiff, burgomasters, aldermen and council of Vlissingen regarding the agreement with Russia concerning the mutual protection of trade and shipping, 1780 (1 quire). 5034, 5035: Notes and resolutions regarding the guilds from the period 1545–1775, c. 1774–1775 (1 folder and 1 piece). 5099: Draft notes regarding the meetings of the insurance chamber and maritime law, 1760–1761 (1 folder).

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at: www.archieven.nl (originally part of the compiled inventory “Inventaris van het archief der Gemeente Vlissingen” by W. de Bruine, which included 63 collections). Record creator / provenance The town of Vlissingen is situated to the north of the West Scheldt River on the island of Walcheren in Zeeland. In the Middle Ages, its inhabitants

1546

the netherlands

were active in shing and from the late thirteenth century on in trade with England. In 1308 and 1445 new harbours were built. During the Middle Ages, however, the town remained a small player in trade compared to its neighbour Middelburg, and mainly specialised in shing. Some trade to the Baltic Sea was also conducted. In 1574 the town was rewarded by William of Orange for being the rst Zeeland town to join the struggle against Spain voluntarily and was given equal rights to Middelburg. In 1583 a new harbour was again built. At the end of the sixteenth century, Vlissingen had surpassed Middelburg. Trade concentrated mainly on southern Europe, but there was some trade to the West Indies and the Baltic Sea as well. At the end of the seventeenth century, Vlissingen became a marine harbour. Custodial history The old town of Vlissingen was bombed in 1809, and the town hall, including many of the old archives, was burnt. This collection is made up of the remainder of the old archives supplemented with documents that were not kept at the town hall at the time and copies of registers from private collections. Related materials •

Town Government of Vlissingen (reference code: 100).

N.C. Lambrechten van Ritthem Record group N.C. Lambrechten van Ritthem N.C. Lambrechten van Ritthem Reference code : 386 Period : 1751–1809 Extent : 65 items Abstract This collection consists of the papers of Nicolaas Cornelis Lambrechtsen, from 1814 lord of Ritthem (1752–1823), who held several ofces in Vlissingen and Zeeland. The material includes documents of an ofcial nature, such as extracts from the minutes of the council, ordinances, publications of the States General, States of Zeeland and council of Vlissingen, and other

municipal archives vlissingen

1547

documents regarding the administration of the town of Vlissingen, as well as documents of a personal nature. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1612–1796 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are extracts from the minutes, ordinances and publications, which may include decisions regarding the market, harbour, trade and shipping. • • •

4845–4867: Extracts from and catalogues of minutes of the town council, 1648–1793 (22 volumes). 4868–4871: Ordinances from 1612–1796, c. 1800 and 1805 (4 volumes). 4872: Publications of the States General, the States of Zeeland and the Vlissingen magistrates, 1742–1795 (1 folder).

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at: www.archieven.nl (originally part of the compiled inventory “Inventaris van het archief der Gemeente Vlissingen” by W. de Bruine, which included 63 collections). Record creator / provenance The town of Vlissingen is situated to the north of the West Scheldt River on the island of Walcheren in Zeeland. In the Middle Ages, its inhabitants were active in shing and from the late thirteenth century on in trade with England. In 1308 and 1445 new harbours were built. During the Middle Ages, however, the town remained a small player in trade compared to its neighbour Middelburg, and mainly specialised in shing. Some trade to the Baltic Sea was also conducted. In 1574 the town was rewarded by William of Orange for being the rst Zeeland town to join the struggle against Spain voluntarily and was given equal rights to Middelburg. In 1583 again a new harbour was built. At the end of the sixteenth century, Vlissingen had surpassed Middelburg. Trade concentrated mainly on southern Europe, but there was some trade to the West Indies and the Baltic Sea as well. At the end of the seventeenth century, Vlissingen became a marine harbour.

1548

the netherlands

Custodial history The old town of Vlissingen was bombed in 1809, and the town hall, including many of the old archives, was burnt. This collection is made up of the remainder of the old archives supplemented with documents that were not kept at the town hall at the time and copies of registers from private collections. Related materials •

Town Government of Vlissingen (reference code: 100).

Old Judicial Archives of Vlissingen Record group Old Judicial Archives of Vlissingen Oud-rechterlijk archief Vlissingen Reference code : 118 Period : 1610–1808 Extent : 92 items, 8.5 metres Abstract This collection consists of the remains of the old judicial archives of the town of Vlissingen. The town hall was bombed in 1809, destroying most of the archives. The surviving material consists of registers and copies that were kept outside the town hall at the time. It consists of registers of transfers of goods, ledgers of property, and copies and notes from registers of the vierschaar (tribunal), as well as registers from Vlissingen notaries still active in 1809. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1650–1809 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant may be the abstracts of the rolls of the vierschaar regarding civil cases, which involve foreigners and might contain lawsuits in maritime matters.

municipal archives vlissingen • •

1549

769: Abstracts of the court rolls, mainly including cases concerning foreigners, 1650–1780, 1808 (1 bundle). 770: Abstracts of the roll concerning small civil cases, 1676–1780, 1808 (1 bundle).

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at: www.archieven.nl. Record creator / provenance The town of Vlissingen is situated to the north of the West Scheldt River on the island of Walcheren in Zeeland. In the Middle Ages, its inhabitants were active in shing and from the late thirteenth century on in trade with England. In 1308 and 1445 new harbours were built. During the Middle Ages, however, the town remained a small player in trade compared to its neighbour Middelburg, and mainly specialised in shing. Some trade to the Baltic Sea was also conducted. In 1574 the town was rewarded by William of Orange for being the rst Zeeland town to join the struggle against Spain voluntarily and was given equal rights to Middelburg. In 1583 again a new harbour was built. At the end of the sixteenth century, Vlissingen had surpassed Middelburg. Trade concentrated mainly on southern Europe, but there was some trade to the West Indies and the Baltic Sea as well. At the end of the seventeenth century, Vlissingen became a marine harbour. Custodial history The archives of the various courts, orphan chambers and notaries of Zeeland were claimed by the provincial archives in accordance with royal decrees of 1879 (with regard to the notarial archives of 1842). Some of the judicial archives, such as those from Middelburg and more recently Vlissingen and Zierikzee, were returned to local repositories.

Registrar’s Ofce Record group Registrar’s Ofce Ambtenaar van de burgerlijke stand Reference code : 115 Period : 1624–1862 Extent : 45 items

1550

the netherlands

Abstract This collection consists of the Birth, Death and Marriage Registry up to 1862 and of the retroacts of this Registry. Included are correspondence, registers of births, deaths and marriages, and birth and marriage certicates. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1624–1812 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the birth and baptismal certicates, especially those regarding people not born in Vlissingen, and the certicates of marriage, which may provide information on immigrants from the Baltic. These are all part of the section of retroacts. • • •

3894–3895: Birth and baptismal certicates, 1624–1796 (2 bundles). 3897: Birth and baptismal certicates of people not born in Vlissingen, 1751–1811 (1 bundle). 3910: Acts of (intended) marriages, 1793–1812 (1 folder).

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at: www.archieven.nl (originally part of the compiled inventory “Inventaris van het archief der Gemeente Vlissingen” by W. de Bruine, which included 63 collections). A name index on the Registry is available at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance The town of Vlissingen is situated to the north of the West Scheldt River on the island of Walcheren in Zeeland. In the Middle Ages, its inhabitants were active in shing and from the late thirteenth century on in trade with England. In 1308 and 1445 new harbours were built. During the Middle Ages, however, the town remained a small player in trade compared to its neighbour Middelburg, and mainly specialised in shing. Some trade to the Baltic Sea was also conducted. In 1574 the town was rewarded by William of Orange for being the rst Zeeland town to join the struggle against Spain voluntarily and was given equal rights to Middelburg. In 1583 again a new harbour was built. At the end of the sixteenth century, Vlissingen had surpassed Middelburg. Trade concentrated mainly on southern Europe, but there was some trade to the West Indies and the Baltic Sea region as

municipal archives vlissingen

1551

well. At the end of the seventeenth century, Vlissingen became a marine harbour. Custodial history The old town of Vlissingen was bombed in 1809, and the town hall, including many of the old archives, was burnt. This collection is made up of the remainder of the old archives supplemented with documents that were not kept at the town hall at the time and copies of registers from private collections. Related materials •

Documents Regarding Persons Born, Married, Died or Having Settled in Vlissingen (reference code: 117).

Sailors’ and Fishers’ Fund Record group Sailors’ and Fishers’ Fund Zeemans- en Vissersbeurs Reference code : 181 Period : 1756–1974 Extent : 101 items Abstract This collection consists of the administration of the Sailors’ and Fishers’ fund, which was founded in 1754 to support old and invalid sailors and shers, and their orphans and widows. It includes minutes of meetings, correspondence, requests, cashbooks, accounts and other nancial registers. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1756–1829 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the minutes, cashbooks and accounts from before 1800, which give information on the practice of the sailors’ fund and on the people involved in trade and shipping.

1552 •

• •

the netherlands

4378–4381 (–4382): Minutes and drafts of minutes, 1756–1829 (–1907) (4 volumes); with index under no. 4383, from 1756–1785 (1 quire), and appendices under nos. 4384–4386, from 1776–1830 (2 folders and 1 bundle). 4400–4403 (–4427): Cashbooks 1779–1802 (–1919) (4 quires). 4455 (–4460): Accounts, 1761–1808 (–1931) (1 bundle).

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at: www.archieven.nl (originally part of the compiled inventory “Inventaris van het archief der Gemeente Vlissingen” by W. de Bruine, which included 63 collections). Record creator / provenance The town of Vlissingen is situated to the north of the West Scheldt River on the island of Walcheren in Zeeland. In the Middle Ages, its inhabitants were active in shing and from the late thirteenth century on in trade with England. In 1308 and 1445 new harbours were built. During the Middle Ages, however, the town remained a small player in trade compared to its neighbour Middelburg, and mainly specialised in shing. Some trade to the Baltic Sea was also conducted. In 1574 the town was rewarded by William of Orange for being the rst Zeeland town to join the struggle against Spain voluntarily and was given equal rights to Middelburg. In 1583 again a new harbour was built. At the end of the sixteenth century, Vlissingen had surpassed Middelburg. Trade concentrated mainly on southern Europe, but there was some trade to the West Indies and the Baltic Sea region as well. At the end of the seventeenth century, Vlissingen became a marine harbour. Custodial history The old town of Vlissingen was bombed in 1809, and the town hall, including many of the old archives, was burnt. This collection is made up of the remainder of the old archives supplemented with documents that were not kept at the town hall at the time and copies of registers from private collections.

municipal archives vlissingen

1553

Town (Municipal) Government of Vlissingen I, 1505–1914 Record group Town (Municipal) Government of Vlissingen I, 1505–1914 Stads (Gemeente) bestuur Vlissingen I, 1505–1914 Reference code : 100 Period : 1505–1914 Extent : 2967 items Abstract This record group consists of the remainder of the administration of the town of Vlissingen, after the town was bombed in 1809, and of the archives of the municipality of Vlissingen up to 1914, supplemented with documents relating to the town’s administration that were not kept at the town hall in 1809. Included are a jumble of documents relating to the town’s general and nancial administration, and to public order, public works, population, military, economic and church matters, education, social welfare, justice and taxes. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1469–1870 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the town council’s correspondence and minutes of meetings of the States of Zeeland, which may include information and decisions on the market, the harbour, trade and shipping. Also included are some papers relating more specically to shipping and trade, the harbour, waterworks and guilds. DOCUMENTS OF A GENERAL NATURE Incoming and outgoing documents •

25–28, 31: Incoming and outgoing documents from various ofcials, 1571–1572, 1578–1588, 1648–1660 and 1773–1782 (4 folders and 1 volume).

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DOCUMENTS OF A PARTICULAR NATURE Relations with other bodies •

41–43: Copies of the minutes of meetings of the States of Zeeland, 1651–53 (3 volumes).

Relations with the lord of the town •

•

98: Documents regarding a lawsuit before the burgomasters and aldermen between Michiel Adolfs, steward of the domains of the Prince of Orange, and Jan Pieterssen de Cort, customs ofcer of Zeeland, regarding the law of wreck, 1593–1594 (1 folder). 101: Documents regarding the building of dams in the harbour, which has stopped the new watermill from turning, 1656 (2 pieces in 1 folder).

Taxes •

118: Draft of an authorisation of burgomasters, aldermen and council for the bailiff and his ofcials to take measures against skippers who fail to pay tolls and licenten (dues on import and export of goods levied by the admiralty and used for the protection of trade and shipping), 1593 (1 piece).

Waterworks •

•

159–172: Various documents regarding the upkeep of waterworks, sea walls, dikes and piers, 1560–1666 and 1798–1806 (1 bundle, 10 pieces and 4 folders). 176: Request of Jan de Bye to bailiff, burgomasters and aldermen regarding the new harbour or dock, 1613 (1 piece).

Trade • • •

184: Letter of Margaret, regent and governess, to burgomasters and aldermen, regarding illegal trade, 1563 (1 piece). 185: Draft of a letter of bailiff, burgomasters and aldermen regarding illegal trade, 1563 (1 piece). 187: Letter of the prince of Orange to bailiff, burgomasters and skippers regarding the release of conscated wax, 1582 (1 piece).

municipal archives vlissingen •

1555

201: Statement of merchants (to burgomasters, aldermen and council) regarding the proposition of Prince William IV to improve commerce, 1752 (2 pieces in 1 folder).

Guilds •

206: Documents regarding a ban of deans from the skippers’ guild on skippers from Amsterdam loading goods, 1570 (2 pieces in 1 folder).

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at: www.archieven.nl. Record creator / provenance The town of Vlissingen is situated to the north of the West Scheldt River on the island of Walcheren in Zeeland. In the Middle Ages, its inhabitants were active in shing and from the late thirteenth century on in trade with England. In 1308 and 1445 new harbours were built. During the Middle Ages, however, the town remained a small player in trade compared to its neighbour Middelburg, and mainly specialised in shing. Some trade to the Baltic Sea was also conducted. In 1574 the town was rewarded by William of Orange for being the rst Zeeland town to join the struggle against Spain voluntarily and was given equal rights to Middelburg. In 1583 again a new harbour was built. At the end of the sixteenth century, Vlissingen had surpassed Middelburg. Trade concentrated mainly on southern Europe, but there was some trade to the West Indies and the Baltic Sea region as well. At the end of the seventeenth century, Vlissingen became a marine harbour. Custodial history The old town of Vlissingen was bombed in 1809, and the town hall, including many of the old archives, was burnt. This collection is made up of the remainder of the old archives supplemented with documents that were not kept at the town hall at the time and copies of registers from private collections. Related materials The following record groups all include additional resolutions, minutes, ordinances, etc., of the town council.

1556 • • • • • •

the netherlands

Collection of Printed Ordinances (reference code: 399). Mauritz Family (reference code: 384). Clijver Family (reference code: 385). N.C. Lambrechtsen van Ritthem (reference code: 386). Van der Swalme Family (reference code: 387). Manuscript Collection (reference code: 112).

Van der Swalme Family Record group Van der Swalme Family Familie Van der Swalme Reference code : 387 Period : 1771–1848 Extent : 140 items Abstract This record group consists of the papers of the Van der Swalme family. It contains documents regarding Simon van der Swalme (1748–1828) and Abraham van der Swalme (1777–1848), both of whom held several ofces in the town of Vlissingen. The material consists of documents of an ofcial nature, such as minutes, resolutions, ordinances and other documents regarding the administration of the town of Vlissingen, and records of a personal nature. Also included are some documents of which it is unclear to which family member they belong. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1504–1867 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the resolutions, minutes, ordinances and publications of the town council and of the States of Zeeland, which may include decisions on the market, the harbour, trade and shipping.

municipal archives vlissingen

1557

SIMON VAN DER SWALME •

• • •

5155–5160: Notes from the resolutions and minutes of the meetings of the town council from 1581–1806, c. 1800–1806 (4 volumes and 1 bundle). 5161–5176: Ordinances, 1521–1807 (1818) (15 volumes); nos. 5176–5177 are indices, c. 1800 (2 folders). 5178–5183: Ordinances from 1582–1795, c. 1788–1795 (6 volumes). 5224: Ordinances, publications, instructions and privileges of the guilds from 1504–1804, c. 1804 (7 quires).

ABRAHAM VAN DER SWALME • •

5276: Notes from the minutes of the meetings of the town council from 1753–1786, c. 1830 (1 folder). 5278: Ordinances, regulations, instructions and royal decrees, 1657–1838 (1 bundle).

DOCUMENTS OF WHICH IT IS UNCLEAR TO WHICH FAMILY MEMBER THEY BELONG •

5288–5289 (–5291): Publications mainly of the bailiff, burgomasters and aldermen of the town of Vlissingen and of the States of Zeeland, 1651–1867 (2 volumes).

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at: www.archieven.nl (originally part of the compiled inventory “Inventaris van het archief der Gemeente Vlissingen” by W. de Bruine, which included 63 collections). Record creator / provenance The town of Vlissingen is situated to the north of the West Scheldt River on the island of Walcheren in Zeeland. In the Middle Ages, its inhabitants were active in shing and from the late thirteenth century on in trade with England. In 1308 and 1445 new harbours were built. During the Middle Ages, however, the town remained a small player in trade compared to its neighbour Middelburg, and mainly specialised in shing. Some trade to the Baltic Sea was also conducted. In 1574 the town was rewarded by William of Orange for being the rst Zeeland town to join the struggle against

1558

the netherlands

Spain voluntarily and was given equal rights to Middelburg. In 1583 again a new harbour was built. At the end of the sixteenth century, Vlissingen had surpassed Middelburg. Trade concentrated mainly on southern Europe, but there was some trade to the West Indies and the Baltic Sea region as well. At the end of the seventeenth century, Vlissingen became a marine harbour. Custodial history The old town of Vlissingen was bombed in 1809, and the town hall, including many of the old archives, was burnt. This collection is made up of the remainder of the old archives supplemented with documents that were not kept at the town hall at the time and copies of registers from private collections. Related materials •

Town (Municipal) Government of Vlissingen (reference code: 100).

MUNICIPAL ARCHIVES NIJEFURD Gemeentearchief Nijefurd Workum www.nijefurd.nl (leven in > historie)

Government Archives Hindeloopen, Town Council Record group Government Archives Hindeloopen, Town Council Overheidsarchieven Hindeloopen, Stadsbestuur Reference code : 05.01 Period : 1606–1816 Extent : 532 items, 9.80 metres

municipal archives nijefurd

1559

Abstract This collection contains the remaining administration of the Hindeloopen town council until 1816. It includes the council’s general and nancial administration, and documents and registers regarding population, public order, public works, charity, education, and church and military matters. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1587–1815 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Information on Hindeloopen’s Baltic Sea trade and shipping can be found in the general and nancial administration. In addition, documentation on otsam and jetsam and the maintenance of the harbour and sea works near the town are included. GENERAL TOWN ADMINISTRATION (3.0 m) •

• •

• •

7–24: Resolution and minute books of the town council and succeeding governments (with indices in nos. 8, 11, 13 and 19), 1660–1815 (18 volumes). 27–43: Incoming documents, 1606–1816 (19 folders). 44: Register of placards and missives received by the magistry (including a list of vondelingen or drenkelingen, drowned people), 1793–1795 (1 quire). 46: Copies of outgoing documents, 1640–1815 (1 folder). 48: Copies of publications and warrants (insinuatiën), 1649–1813 (1 folder).

TOWN FINANCES (1.0 m) •

•

387–397: Account books, 1636/37–1798/99 (11 volumes); regarding town nances, records have been kept (with a few gaps) from 1591, the oldest of which are included in the judicial archives (see under “Related materials”): gerechtsrollen (court rolls), inv. nos. 6–8. 400: Appendices to the account books, 1643–1809 (1 folder); n.b.: as a rule the appendices to the accounts were destroyed, but these were taken from nos. 387 en 398.

1560

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PUBLIC ORDER (0.02 m) • •

465: Register of declaration, publication and sale of goods cast ashore and salvaged, 1671–1721 (1 volume). 466: Receipts and other documents concerning the sale of goods cast ashore, 1675–1721 (1 folder).

PUBLIC WORKS (0.07 m) • •

468: Specications and other documents concerning the maintenance of the dike and the harbour works, 1587–1811 (1 folder). 469: Account book of state subsidies for the benet of the maintenance of the sea works near the town, 1730–1767 (1 volume).

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at: www.friesarchiefnet.nl. Record creator / provenance Hindeloopen was one of the main Friesian trading towns of the medieval and early modern period. The town’s main trading partners were situated in the Baltic Sea region. Besides, Hindeloopen worked closely together with Amsterdam, especially in the Golden Age (seventeenth century). Related materials •

Tresoar (Leeuwarden): Lower Court Hindeloopen (reference code: 13.20), inv. nos. 6–8, including the oldest account books of Hindeloopen.

Government Archives Workum, Town Council Record group Government Archives Workum, Town Council Overheidsarchieven Workum, Stadsbestuur Reference code : 13.01 Period : 1580–1815 Extent : 3334 items, 114.50 metres

municipal archives nijefurd

1561

Abstract This collection contains the remaining administration of the Workum town council until 1815. It includes the town’s general and nancial administration, as well as registers and documents regarding elections, population, property, public order, public works, trade and industry, charity and social welfare, education, and church and military matters. The legal administration, which was part of these archives, was moved to the provincial archives in Leeuwarden (Tresoar). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1550–1818 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, various languages

Relevant information regarding Workum’s Baltic Sea trade and shipping can be found in the general and nancial administration. References to immigrants and Friesian merchants may be found in the population registers. Documentation on salvaged ships and goods, the maintenance of the harbour, jetty and lighthouse, ships’ passports and other information on ships and shipbuilding is also included. GENERAL TOWN ADMINISTRATION (5.75 m) •

• • • • • • •

10–19: Resolution books of the magistrate and vroedschap (council), with nos. 11–19 including indexes, 1632–1795 (10 volumes); no. 38 is a concise index of the town resolutions, 1637–1721 (1 folder). 20–29: Resolution books, partly court roll, of the magistrates, 1667, 1688–1795 (10 volumes). 46–79: Copies of the resolutions of the States of Friesland and succeeding boards, 1653–1798 (25 volumes, 9 folders). 108–148: Incoming documents, 1583–1815 (25 volumes, 16 folders). 150–163: Copies of outgoing documents, 1728–1818 (13 volumes, 1 folder). 176–179: Registers of ordinances and placards, with no. 176 concerning guilds, 1624–1787 (4 volumes). 180–182: Proclamations of the magistrates and the succeeding councils of Workum (partly printed), 1584–1814 (3 folders). 184, 185: Copies of acts, instructions and accounts, 1633–1808, with copies of documents from 1586–1633 in no. 184 (2 volumes).

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POPULATION (0.15 m) • • •

209, 210: Burgerboek, registers of new burghers, 1637–1811 (2 volumes). 211: Register of inhabitants of Workum, 1637–1710 (1 volume). 212–323: Register of houses and residences, 1632–1814 and undated (111 volumes, 1 folder).

TOWN FINANCES (0.20 m) • •

343–348: Budgets and other documents concerning receipts and expenses (6 folders). 528: Lists of inhabitants for the purpose of the levying of residential taxes, 1769–1810 (1 folder).

STATE TAXES (0.05 m) •

1312, 1313: Assessment register list of the taxes on coaches and vessels, 1742–1805 (1 quire, 1 folder).

PUBLIC ORDER (0.05 m) •

1403–1404: Documents concerning ships cast ashore and the salvage and sale of the goods on board, 1692–1819 (1 folder, 1 volume); see also the back of the scripbook (recepisboek) under inv. no. 138 in the judicial archives of Workum (see under “Related materials”), kept at the provincial archives (Tresoar) in Leeuwarden, 1683–1687.

PUBLIC WORKS AND TRAFFIC (0.35 m) •

• •

1449–1454: Records, maps and other documents concerning the complete renewal and maintenance of the sea sluice and the maintenance of the harbour, harbour exit, southern jetty and lighthouse, with no. 1453 including some maps, 1658–1809 (3 volumes, 3 folders). 1508–1510: Registers of sea vessels, 1759–1803 (3 volumes), temporarily kept at the provincial archives (Tresoar) in Leeuwarden. 1512, 1513: Ships’ passports for captains and their vessels sailing abroad from Workum, 1785–1803 (2 folders).

TRADE AND BUSINESS (0.01 m) •

1538: Decision for the benet of shipbuilders and carpenters in Workum, 1680, 1682 (1 folder).

municipal archives nijefurd

1563

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at: www.friesarchiefnet.nl. Record creator / provenance The town of Workum is one of the Friesian trading towns active in the medieval and early modern period. Like the towns of Hindeloopen and Stavoren, it developed a trading link with the Baltic Sea, which lasted into the eighteenth century. Visually attractive Item no. 1453 includes some maps regarding the harbour. Related materials •

Tresoar (Leeuwarden): Lower Court Workum (reference code: 13.44), inv. no. 138, including (on the back) information on the salvage of goods cast ashore.

Great Skippers’ Guild Workum Record group Great Skippers’ Guild Workum Grootschippersgilde Workum Reference code : 14.06 Period : 18th century Extent : 1 item, 0.01 metres Abstract This collection contains the remaining administration of the Great Skippers’ Guild of the Friesian town of Workum. It consists solely of an eighteenthcentury regulation of the guild. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1700–1800 : the Netherlands : Dutch

1564

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Information on the organisation of the skippers in Workum can be found in the eighteenth-century regulation of their Great Skipper’s guild (inv. no. GGS1, 1 piece). Accessibility Inventory; also available online at: www.friesarchiefnet.nl. Record creator / provenance The town of Workum is one of the Friesian trading towns active in the medieval and early modern period. Like the towns of Hindeloopen and Stavoren, it developed a trading link with the Baltic Sea region, which lasted into the eighteenth century.

MUNICIPAL ARCHIVES SCHOUWEN-DUIVELAND Gemeentearchief Schouwen-Duiveland Zierikzee www.schouwen-duiveland.nl/content.jsp?objectid=4716

Town and Municipality of Zierikzee Record group Town and Municipality of Zierikzee Stad en Gemeente Zierikzee Reference code : 22 Period : 1275–1935 Extent : 280 metres

municipal archives schouwen-duiveland

1565

Abstract This record group consists of the remaining administration of the town of Zierikzee. It contains documents of a general nature, such as council resolutions, privileges, laws and by-laws, incoming and outgoing correspondence, and the town’s nancial administration. Also included are documents regarding public works, public order, population, economic affairs, social care and welfare, sheries, education, church affairs and regional and national matters. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1528–1810 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the council resolutions, laws and by-laws, and incoming and outgoing correspondence, which include information on the town’s trade, shipping and harbour, the town accounts, which contain evidence on journeys of diplomats, and the registers of burghers, which may provide information on immigrants from the Baltic Sea region. GENERAL ADMINISTRATION • • • • • • • • • • •

1: Register of important affairs drawn from the council resolutions of 1528–1548, 1708 (1 volume). 1a: Draft council resolutions, 1563 and 1564 (1 volume). 1b–56: Council resolutions, 1615–1793 (55 volumes); nos. 78–113 are indices (38 volumes and 1 quire). 57: Resolutions of the municipality, 1795 (1 volume). 58–63 (–72): Council resolutions, 1795–1800 (–1807) (6 volumes). 117: Voorboden, copies of laws and ordinances with other retro-acts from 1327 onward, 1565–1613 (1 volume). 118: Voorboden, copies of laws and by-laws, 1559 (1 volume). 120–121: Copies of ordinances and privileges from 1293 onward, sixteenth-eighteenth centuries (2 volumes). 122: Voorbodenboek, register of laws and ordinances, 1429–1619 (1 volume). 123, 124: Ordinances, laws and privileges including treaties related to the loading of ships, 1302–1776 (2 volumes). 125–126a: Copies of privileges, laws and ordinances 1289–1581, 1289– 1550 and 1258–1595, seventeenth-eighteenth centuries (3 volumes).

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CORRESPONDENCE • •

128–176: Drafts of outgoing documents, 1654–1784, (1830), with gaps (50 volumes and 1 folder). 910–911: Incoming documents and drafts of outgoing documents, 1725–1800 (4 folders).

FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION •

409–457: Town accounts, 1653, 1681, 1682, 1700–1806, with gaps.

POPULATION •

75–77: Poorterboeken, registers of new burghers, 1302–1810 (6 volumes).

Accessibility An inventory is in preparation. Record creator / provenance The town of Zierikzee in Zeeland is situated on the Eastern Scheldt River and is the capital of the island of Schouwen. The town came into existence in the thirteenth century and some trade with German merchants was already conducted in that period. Zierikzee was involved in the 1367–1370 conict between the Hanseatic towns and the Danish king and was granted a vitte at Scania in 1368. It was also represented at several Hanseatic meetings. Because of its strategic position with regard to the Bergen op Zoom markets and the inland north-south route via Dordrecht to Flanders, Zierikzee was an important port in the Middle Ages. In the fteenth century Baltic Sea trade declined in favour of trade with southern Europe, to end completely in the late sixteenth century due to the silting up of the entrance to the harbour. Around 1500, Zierikzee had also lost its connection to Antwerp, which was taken over by the ports of the Walcherse rede (Walcheren roadstead), consisting of Middelburg, Arnemuiden, Vlissingen and Veere. In the mid-seventeenth century, the tables turned for Zierikzee, however, and it once again became an important port in inland trade and shing. In the eighteenth century there was a short revival of trade with France, Spain, Ireland, England, Norway and the Baltic Sea region, but because the harbour was never enlarged, only smaller ships could reach the town.

municipal archives schouwen-duiveland

1567

Publications •

Bezemer, W., and A.S. de Blécourt (eds.), Rechtsbronnen van Zierikzee (The Hague, 1908).

Guilds of Zierikzee Record group Guilds of Zierikzee Gilden te Zierikzee Reference code : 218 Period : 1353–1929 Extent : 6.04 metres Abstract This record group consists of the administration of the various guilds of the town of Zierikzee. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1353–1603 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant is the administration of the seagoing skippers’ guild (item 24, dating from 1353–1603). Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance The town of Zierikzee in Zeeland is situated on the Eastern Scheldt River and is the capital of the island of Schouwen. The town came into existence in the thirteenth century and some trade with German merchants was already conducted in that period. Zierikzee was involved in the 1367–1370 conict between the Hanseatic towns and the Danish king and was granted a vitte at Scania in 1368. It was also represented at several Hanseatic meetings. Because of its strategic position with regard to the Bergen op Zoom markets

1568

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and the inland north-south route via Dordrecht to Flanders, Zierikzee was an important port in the Middle Ages. In the fteenth century Baltic Sea trade declined in favour of trade with southern Europe, to end completely in the late sixteenth century due to the silting up of the entrance to the harbour. Around 1500, Zierikzee had also lost its connection to Antwerp, which was taken over by the ports of the Walcherse rede (Walcheren roadstead), consisting of Middelburg, Arnemuiden, Vlissingen and Veere. In the mid-seventeenth century, the tables turned for Zierikzee, however, and it once again became an important port in inland trade and shing. In the eighteenth century there was a short revival region of trade with France, Spain, Ireland, England, Norway and the Baltic Sea region, but because the harbour was never enlarged, only smaller ships could reach the town.

Judicial Archives of Schouwen-Duiveland Record group Judicial Archives of Schouwen-Duiveland Rechterlijk Archief Schouwen-Duiveland Reference code : 25 Period : 1498–1811 Extent : 1333 items, 101.1 metres Abstract This record group contains the judicial archives of the island of SchouwenDuiveland, including the town of Zierikzee. Included are the papers from various courts, the orphan chambers and notaries. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1642–1811 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the registers of civil cases dealt with by the town court of Zierikzee, which may contain lawsuits on maritime matters. Also relevant are the notarial archives of this town, which include notarial deeds regarding sales of ships, bills of lading and other maritime business.

municipal archives schouwen-duiveland

1569

VIERSCHAAR (TRIBUNAL) • • •

3814–3831: Rolls concerning civil cases, 1688–1811 (18 volumes). 3832: Roll concerning small civil cases, 1688–1689 (1 volume). 3833–3837: Extra-ordinaris rolls concerning civil cases, 1768–1811 (5 volumes).

NOTARIES •

3989–4342: Registers of drafts of notarial deeds of various notaries, 1642–1811.

Accessibility L.W.A.M. Lasonder, De archieven van de rechtbanken, weeskamers en notarissen, die over het tegenwoordige grondgebied der provincie Zeeland gefungeerd hebben (The Hague, 1914), pp. 430–539; also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance The town of Zierikzee in Zeeland is situated on the Eastern Scheldt River and is the capital of the island of Schouwen. The town came into existence in the thirteenth century and some trade with German merchants was already conducted in that period. Zierikzee was involved in the 1367–1370 conict between the Hanseatic towns and the Danish king and was granted a vitte at Scania in 1368. It was also represented at several Hanseatic meetings. Because of its strategic position with regard to the Bergen op Zoom markets and the inland north-south route via Dordrecht to Flanders, Zierikzee was an important port in the Middle Ages. In the fteenth century Baltic trade declined in favour of trade with southern Europe, to end completely in the late sixteenth century due to the silting up of the entrance to the harbour. Around 1500, Zierikzee had also lost its connection to Antwerp, which was taken over by the ports of the Walcherse rede (Walcheren roadstead), consisting of Middelburg, Arnemuiden, Vlissingen and Veere. In the mid-seventeenth century, the tables turned for Zierikzee, however, and it once again became an important port in inland trade and shing. In the eighteenth century there was a short revival of trade with France, Spain, Ireland, England, Norway and the Baltic Sea region, but because the harbour was never enlarged, only smaller ships could reach the town.

1570

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Custodial history The archives of the various courts, orphan chambers and notaries of Zeeland were claimed by the provincial archives in accordance with royal decrees of 1879 (concerning the notarial archives of 1842). Some of the judicial archives, such as those from Middelburg and more recently from Vlissingen and Zierikzee, were returned to local repositories.

Retroacts of the Birth, Death and Marriage Registry, places in Schouwen-Duiveland Record group Retroacts of the Birth, Death and Marriage Registry, places in SchouwenDuiveland Retroacta van de Burgelijke Stand, plaatsen Schouwen-Duiveland Reference code : 27 Period : 1527–1810 Extent : 51 items, 1.2 metres Abstract This record group contains the retroacts of the Birth, Death and Marriage Registry of places in Schouwen-Duiveland, many of which were lost in a re after the bombardment of the town centre of Middelburg, where these acts were kept. Included are baptismal/birth, marriage, and death/burial registers. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1527–1810 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are the registers from Zierikzee, which contain information on immigrants from the Baltic Sea region and on merchants from this town: • •

Ba 1: Marriage register of the (strict) reformed church, 1578–1600 (1 volume). Be 4: Marriage register of the Roman Catholic church, 1761–1810 (1 volume).

municipal archives schouwen-duiveland •

1571

Ca 1: Burial register of the Lievensmonsterkerk, 1527–1572, 1576 (1 volume).

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at the repository’s website. The papers from Zierikzee are still numbered according to an old inventory by Mulder (1925). Indices (including information from the lost registers) are available in the reading room. Record creator / provenance The town of Zierikzee in Zeeland is situated on the Eastern Scheldt River and is the capital of the island of Schouwen. The town came into existence in the thirteenth century and some trade with German merchants was already conducted in that period. Zierikzee was involved in the 1367–1370 conict between the Hanseatic towns and the Danish king and was granted a vitte at Scania in 1368. It was also represented at several Hanseatic meetings. Because of its strategic position with regard to the Bergen op Zoom markets and the inland north-south route via Dordrecht to Flanders, Zierikzee was an important port in the Middle Ages. In the fteenth century Baltic Sea trade declined in favour of trade with southern Europe, to end completely in the late sixteenth century due to the silting up of the entrance to the harbour. Around 1500, Zierikzee had also lost its connection to Antwerp, which was taken over by the ports of the Walcherse rede (Walcheren roadstead), consisting of Middelburg, Arnemuiden, Vlissingen and Veere. In the mid-seventeenth century, the tables turned for Zierikzee, however, and it once again became an important port in inland trade and shing. In the eighteenth century there was a short revival of trade with France, Spain, Ireland, England, Norway and the Baltic Sea region, but because the harbour was never enlarged, only smaller ships could reach the town. Custodial history In 1810, the Birth, Death and Marriage Registry came into existence in Zeeland. All church congregations were ordered to surrender their baptismal/birth, marriage and burial/death registers, which came to function as retroacts to the Registry. In 1918, the municipal collections were sent to the provincial archives of Zeeland and merged into one collection. In some cases, the collections were subsequently returned to the municipal archives

1572

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on loan. The registers of Zierikzee were kept in Middelburg when the old town was bombed in 1940. Only a few registers survived.

TOWN AND REGIONAL ARCHIVES ZUTPHEN Stad- en Streekarchief Zutphen Zutphen www.streekarchiefzutphen.nl

Old Archives Zutphen Record group Old Archives Zutphen Oud Archief Zutphen Reference code :1 Period : 996–1815 Extent : 2570 items, 70.75 metres Abstract The Old Archives of the town of Zutphen contain all remaining material relating to the town’s administration, both internally and externally (as regards the provincial and central administration) up to 1811 (1815) when, like elsewhere around this time, the town’s organisation changed radically. Material includes resolutions, privileges, charters and by-laws, nancial registers, and papers on subjects like church matters, police and military matters, health and charity, education, trade and trafc, industry, public works, and the town’s participation in the provincial and central administration.

town and regional archives zutphen

1573

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1316–1696 : Denmark, Germany, Latvia, Poland, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, Latin, Low German

Relevant are parts of the town administration, which include information on decisions of the town council concerning the harbour, market, and shipping and trade, correspondence regarding Baltic Sea trade, privileges granted to Zutphen merchants and lists of town magistrates, guild and community members, which may include Zutphen merchants and immigrated foreigners. The same applies to the registers of new burgers. The nancial registers contain information on journeys of diplomats and on markets and tolls. The series on trade and trafc also contains information on these two subjects, and includes passports and documents regarding relations with the Hanse. TOWN ADMINISTRATION •

•

1–7 (–72): Memoriën- en Resolutiënboek der stad Zutphen, memorandum and ordinance books of the town of Zutphen, 1573–1627 (–1808) (7 volumes). 137–356 (–524): Incoming documents and minutes of outgoing letters, 1325–1625 (–1815). Of particular relevance are: * 187 (regest 798): Act from the town of Gdansk about the sale of an annuity to a Zutphen burgher, 1456 (1 charter and 1 piece). * 203 (regest 1009): Papers including a letter from the town of Hamburg to Zutphen about the settling of a debt, 1474 (1 charter and 1 folder). * 215 (regest 792, 1223, 1233): Papers including an act from the town of Gdansk about the sale of an annuity to two burghers from Zutphen, 1455, and a vidimus of the same, 1487, and an act from King Maximilian, conrming the revised regulations regarding the staple at Bruges set up by the Hanseatic towns, 1487 (1 charter and 1 folder). * 240 (regest 1686): Papers including a letter from the town of Hamburg about the reimbursement of damages of some of its burghers after the conscation of their goods by the duke of Guelders and Zutphen, 1511 (1 charter and 1 folder). * 244 (regest 1708): Request from the town of Zaltbommel to the town of Zutphen to provide a letter of recommendation to one of its burghers in order for him to be able to reclaim his father’s inheritance in Lübeck, 1515 (1 charter and 1 folder).

1574

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• •

525: Requests to the town council, fteenth century–1809 (23 folders). 646 (regest 47, 81, 82, 128, 202, 830): Trade privileges from Kings Erik, Waldemar and Christian of Denmark to the town of Zutphen, 1316–1459 (3 charters and 3 pieces). • 647 (regest 48, 129, 220, 323, 760, 817): Acts from Kings Erik and Waldemar, as well as from tax collectors in the name of the Danish king, regarding vittes in Scania, 1316–1457 (5 charters and 4 pieces). • 650–652: Lists of magistrates, 1323–1793 (4 volumes and 1 bundle). • 665: Minute acts of the town of Zutphen, including an act (regest 1776) from 1518 regarding the inheritance of a Zutphen burgher from his uncle, a tax collector from Hamburg, 1421–1795 (1 charter and 1 folder). • 691: List of deputes from the ten guilds and of community members, early sixteenth century (1 piece). • 704–712b: Books of by-laws, 1335–1614 (16 pieces and 11 volumes). POPULATION •

841 (–845): Burgerboek, register of new burghers, 1478–1630 (–1817) (1 volume).

TOWN FINANCES • • • • •

865–982 (–1032a): Accounts of the lower exchequer (onderrentmeester), 1381–1623 (–1755) (1–2 quires per year). 1033–1184 (–1288): Accounts of the upper exchequer (overrentmeester), 1445–1625 (–1798) (c. 1 volume per year). 1312: Appendices and pieces belonging to the administration of the exchequers, 1340–1697 (c. 200 charters and pieces and 1 folder). 1381: Toll list of the Zutphen toll, fteenth century (1 piece). 1382: Account of the market toll, 1490 (1 quire).

TRADE AND TRAFFIC Passes •

1805: Passes and passports, mainly granted to Zutphen burghers, including a request (regest 1558) from 1502 from the town of Lübeck to the town of Zutphen to help a depute of the archbishop of Riga collect money for the needy Livonian churches, 1297–1542 (6 charters and 1 folder).

town and regional archives zutphen •

1575

1806: Passports, given out by the Zutphen council, including a request (regest 2019) from 1539 to King Christian of Denmark and others by the town of Zutphen to allow a particular Zutphen burgher to trade freely, 1539, and a passport (regest 2206) from 1550 for a burgher of Copenhagen whose father was born in Zutphen, 1343–1592 (5 charters and 1 folder).

Hanse • • • • • •

• • •

• •

• • •

1817: Recess of the meeting held at Deventer, attended by Hanseatic towns in Guelders, Cleve and the Oversticht, 1518 (1 quire). 1818: Recess of the meeting held at Duisburg, attended by the Hanse towns of the Cologne third, 1519 (1 quire). 1819: Account of the negotiations between Arnhem, Zutphen and the other Hanse towns at Wesel, 1564 (1 quire). 1820: Recess of the Hanseatic meeting at Lübeck, 1615 (1 quire). 1821: Articles which were discussed at Hanseatic meetings, 1518–1621 and undated (1 folder). 1822 (regest 946, 1861): Invitations for Hanseatic meetings at Lübeck, with a draft reply to the rst letter, 1470 and 1529 (2 charters and 1 piece). 1823 (regest 668, 1727): Passes for representatives to the Hanseatic meetings, 1441 and 1518 (2 pieces). 1824 (regest 2035–2039): Passes for the representatives of the four capital towns to the Hanseatic meeting at Lübeck, 1540 (5 pieces). 1825 (regest 1224, 1749, 1750, 2032, 2033, 2041, 2050, 2181, 2182, 2183, 2184, 2185, 2186, 2187, 2188, 2189): Mandates and safe-conducts for the representatives going to the Hanseatic meetings, with accompanying documents, 1487–1553 (12 charters and 1 folder). 1826: Instruction and letter of credence to the Zutphen secretary, for the Hanseatic meeting at Lübeck (minute), 1549 (1 quire). 1828: Memorandum regarding the taxation of the small towns as a contribution to the travel expenses to the Hanseatic meeting at Lübeck, sixteenth century (1 piece). 1829: Drafts of an agreement regarding a closer union between the Hanse towns, 1557 and undated (2 quires). 1830: Vidimus of the agreement of 1546 settled between the Hanseatic towns and Antwerp (copy), 1560 (1 quire). 1831: Agreement between the towns of Soest, Münster, Wesel, Nijmegen, Deventer and Zutphen to reimburse Cologne for the 10000 Carolus

1576

• •

the netherlands

guilders to pay for the building of the Hanse house in Antwerp, contemporary copy, 1564 (twice). 1832: Articles of the agreement between the German Hanse and Queen Elizabeth, c. 1600 (twice). 1833: Draft memorandums concerning Hanseatic matters, c. 1564 (1 folder).

Market and tolls •

1834–1836, 1838 and 1841: Various documents regarding the markets and tolls, 1545–1696 (4 pieces, 3 folders, and 1 charter).

Accessibility W.E. Smelt, Het oud-archief van de gemeente Zutphen (Utrecht, 1941), with introduction in Dutch and index on personal and geographical names; revised edition available online at the repository’s website from 2007 on. An index on the registers of new burghers (inv. nos. 841–845) is available in the reading room. Record creator / provenance Merchants from the town of Zutphen could be found trading in the Baltic Sea region from the last quarter of the thirteenth century onward. Together with the other IJssel region towns, Zutphen formed an important transhipment point for goods from the Rhineland. Commercial relations existed with England, but Baltic Sea trade was more important for Zutphen merchants. Like Kampen, Deventer and Zwolle, Zutphen was a member of the Hanseatic League. Trade already declined in the fteenth century through competition from Kampen and the Holland towns, but documents show that the town was still involved in, or at least interested in, Hanseatic matters in the second half of the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Since trade from the town of Kampen, which had been more active in the fteenth and sixteenth centuries and was situated nearer to the exit to the Zuiderzee and beyond, suffered greatly from a diminished accessibility of the IJssel River and from repeated disturbances in the wars between the dukes of Burgundy and Guelders and after the start of the Dutch Revolt, and sent its last ship to the Baltic Sea in 1626, it is unlikely that Zutphen’s Baltic Sea trade was of importance after that point.

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Copies The memorandum books (inv. nos. 1–72) can be consulted on microche in the reading room. Transcriptions of four accounts (inv. nos. 876, 1033, 1043 and 1056) are also available in the reading room. Related materials The town accounts of the upper exchequer (overrentmeester) for the period between 1591–1605 (work in progress) are published on the repository’s website under the heading stadsrekeningen. Other remarks In 2008 a collection of Hanseatic documents will become available digitally on the repository’s website, as part of the project “Metamorfoze”. This is a national programme for the protection of the paper heritage of the Netherlands, coordinated by the National Archives and the Royal Library.

Old Judicial Archives Record group Old Judicial Archives Oud Rechterlijk Archief Reference code : 10 Period : 1389–1811 Extent : 1132 items, 42.75 metres Abstract These archives consists of the legal administration of the town of Zutphen. They contain protocols of testimonies, charges, defences, judgements and sentences in both criminal and civil cases dealt with by the aldermen’s court (schepenbank). There is also a large collection of acts of voluntary justice. The aldermen’s court acted as a court of cassation and court of appeal for a few towns that had received Zutphen’s town law as well, and the administration of this court is also included.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1395–1638 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant are mainly the protocols pertaining to civil cases. In these, legal matters between merchants, or between merchants and skippers, can be found. CIVIL JUSTICE •

•

• • • •

94–95 (–99): Liber Sententiarum or Sententieboek, protocol of passed judgements, 1503–1507, 1623–1638 (–1810) (1 quire and 1 volume); no. 95 includes an index on names. 100–117 (–130): Gerichtsboek or Gericht- of Klageboek, protocol of charges, defences and passed judgements, c. 1395–1610 (–1803), with gaps (1 folder and 17 volumes); no. 131 is an index on names and subjects, 1561–1568 (1 volume). 132–134: Rapiarium, protocol of charges, defences and passed judgements, drafts, 1578–1594 (3 volumes). 166: Index on places of residence of litigants, mid-sixteenth century (1 volume). 327–353 (–383): Kondschapsboek, protocol of testimonies of summoned persons, 1499–1634 (–1810) (1 folder and 26 volumes). 384–386: Protocol of testimonies of summoned persons and other (partly voluntary) acts, 1580–1594, with gaps (3 volumes).

ACTS OF VOLUNTARY JUSTICE •

472: Prothocollum temporum pestis de necessitate conscriptum, register of acts of voluntary justice and civil matters (registered together because of a lack of administrators through an outbreak of the plague), 1529 (1 volume).

Accessibility W.F.M. Ahoud, “Inventaris van het oud-rechterlijk archief van de gemeente Zutphen 1389–1811 (1818)” (1989), with introduction in Dutch and index on personal and geographical names; also available online at the repository’s website.

historical centre overijssel

1579

Record creator / provenance Merchants from the town of Zutphen could be found trading in the Baltic Sea from the last quarter of the thirteenth century onward. Together with the other IJssel region towns, Zutphen formed an important transhipment point for goods from the Rhineland. Commercial relations existed with England, but Baltic Sea trade was more important for Zutphen merchants. Like Kampen, Deventer and Zwolle, Zutphen was a member of the Hanseatic League. Trade already declined in the fteenth century through competition from Kampen and the Holland towns, but documents show that the town was still involved in, or at least interested in, Hanseatic matters in the second half of the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Since trade from the town of Kampen, which had been more active in the fteenth and sixteenth centuries and was situated nearer to the exit to the Zuiderzee and beyond, suffered greatly from a diminished accessibility of the IJssel River and from repeated disturbances in the wars between the dukes of Burgundy and Guelders and after the start of the Dutch Revolt, and sent its last ship to the Baltic Sea in 1626, it is unlikely that Zutphen’s Baltic Sea trade was of importance after that point.

HISTORICAL CENTRE OVERIJSSEL Historisch Centrum Overijssel Zwolle www.historischcentrumoverijssel.nl

Baptismal, Marriage and Burial Registers of Zwolle Record group Baptismal, Marriage and Burial Registers of Zwolle Doop-, Trouw- en Begraafboeken Zwolle Reference code : 709 Period : 1581–1811 Extent : 131 items, 6.5 metres

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Abstract This record group consists of the retroacts of the Birth, Death and Marriage Registry of the town of Zwolle. It contains birth/baptismal, marriage and death/burial registers of various congregations and the town court. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1583–1865 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Especially relevant with regard to immigration from northern Germany and the Baltic Sea region are the registers from the Lower German Reformed (Nederduitsgereformeerden) and Evangelical-Lutheran and Mennonite (Doopsgezinden) congregations: •

• • • • • •

695–711, 719: Baptismal registers of the St. Michaëls or Grote Kerk, the Bethlehemkerk and the Broerenkerk, 1583–1602 and 1619–1811 (18 volumes); nos. 712–718 are indexes of nos. 696–708; no. 720 is an index of no. 719. 721–737: Marriage registers of the St. Michaël or Grote Kerk, 1581–1648 and 1655–1826 (17 volumes). 738–746: Burial registers of the St. Michaël or Grote Kerk, 1701–1811 (9 volumes); nos. 747–752 are indexes. 756, 757: Baptismal registers of the Evangelical-Lutheran Congregation, 1648–1811 (2 volumes); no. 758 is an index. 759: Marriage register of the Evangelical-Lutheran Congregation, 1782–1810 (1 volume). 760: Register of members and marriages of the Mennonite Congregation, 1696–1865 (1 volume). 761, 762: Birth registers of the Mennonite Congregation, 1774–1836 (2 volumes).

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at the repository’s website. Record creator / provenance The town of Zwolle, in the province of Overijssel, already had some trading contacts with the Baltic Sea region in the mid-thirteenth century. The town was situated on the crossroads of several trading routes and developed

historical centre overijssel

1581

into a market town from 1265. The IJssel River connected Zwolle, via the Zuiderzee and North Sea, with Scandinavia and with the Rhineland. From c. 1370, the town owned a vitte at Scania, but Zwolle only formally became a member of the Hanseatic League in 1407. From that time, it attended the general and regional meetings of the league. From the mid-sixteenth century, Zwolle shipping to the Baltic Sea declined, but Zwolle merchants continued to ship goods on vessels from other Hanseatic towns. The town’s main activities became concentrated, however, on transit trade between the rivers and the Zuiderzee (to Amsterdam), which ourished between 1690 and 1770. Some trading connections remained to exist between Zwolle and the northern German towns until the last quarter of the eighteenth century.

Inspector, Later Collector of the “Convooien en Licenten”, François Cobraz Record group Inspector, Later Collector of the “Convooien en Licenten”, François Cobraz Controleur, later ontvanger der convooien en licenten, François Cobraz Reference code : 161 Period : 1769–1790 Extent : 37 items, 1 metre Abstract These archives consist of the records collected by François Cobraz, inspector and later collector of the convooien en licenten (a lastage for the protection of trade) in the second half of the eighteenth century. The material includes mainly his accounts with regard to the receipts of the convooien en licenten from the period 1780–1790. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1769–1790 : the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch

Relevant for the Baltic Sea trade are the records from the Hasselt collecting ofce of the convooien en liecenten, which include registers of incoming and outgoing goods and accounts:

1582 • •

•

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13: Three-monthly lists of the receipts of the licenten, with accompanying letters to the West-Friesland Admiralty, 1769–1790 (1 folder). 14–18: Registers of and documents regarding incoming and outgoing goods and the licenten levied, 1780–1790 (2 volumes, 1 quire and 2 pieces). 19–28: Accounts of incoming and outgoing goods and the licenten levied, 1789–1790 (10 volumes).

Accessibility A. Haga, “Archief van de controleur, later ontvanger der convooien en licenten, François Cobraz” (1942). Record creator / provenance The convooien en licenten were customs duties on incoming and outgoing goods levied in the entire Republic on behalf of the Generality. The province of Overijssel came under the Admiralty Board of West-Friesland and the Noorderkwartier, which alternated ofces between Enkhuizen and Hoorn. In the eighteenth century, the duties were levied in accordance with a placard issued by the States General on 31 July 1725. François Corbaz was appointed inspector of the convooien en licenten in November 1768 and promoted to collector at Hasselt in October 1779. Custodial history The archives were originally kept at the ofce of the collector of the convooien en licenten in Hasselt. They were subsequently transferred to the Municipal Archives in Hasselt, and in 1942 moved to the State Archives of Overijssel, now the Historical Centre Overijssel.

Town Administration of Zwolle Record group Town Administration of Zwolle Stadsbestuur Zwolle Reference code : 700 Period : 1230–1813 Extent : 14738 items, 175 metres (excluding charters)

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Abstract These archives consist of the remaining administration of the aldermen and council of the town of Zwolle, and of their succeeding bodies up to 1813. They contain the town’s general administration, such as registers of privileges, resolutions and correspondence, and documents regarding population, justice and police, nances, church matters, education, military matters, public works, water management, trade and industry, and relations with the Generality, the provincial government and other towns. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1365–1811 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, Low German, various languages

Relevant are the resolutions of the town and the States General, which include decisions regarding trade, shipping, the harbour and markets, and correspondence with towns in the Republic, the German Empire and the Baltic Sea region. Also relevant are the registers of new burghers, providing information on immigrants, some legal records, including cases involving merchants and skippers, town accounts, containing records of diplomats’ journeys, and documents specically regarding trade, shipping and relations with the Hanseatic League. TOWN AND PRIVILEGE BOOKS •

16: Register of decisions of the Hanseatic meetings, 1416–1469 (1 volume). • 19: Dat boek mit de starre or Registrum diversorum actuum, register of various acts regarding legal and administrative matters, including index, 1383–1471 (1497) (1 volume); relevant is regest 2479, published in F.C. Berkenvelder, Zwolse regesten, IV (1451–1475) (Zwolle, 1991). • 21: Registrum antiquum or Registrum antiquum juramenta ofciatorum civitatis Zwollensis, including resolutions of aldermen and council, 1425–1598, (1 volume); relevant are regesten 1182 and 1183, published in F.C. Berkenvelder, Zwolse regesten, III (1426–1450) (Zwolle, 1986).

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RESOLUTIONS OF COUNCIL AND MEENTE (REPRESENTATION OF THE TOWN COMMUNITY) • 28–36: Resolutions of council and meente, 1703–1795 (9 volumes). • 40–51: Resolutions of council and meente, 1547–1795 (13 volumes). • 52, 53: Drafts of resolutions of council and meente, with appendices, 1571–1794 (2 folders and 1 volume). • 58–64: Contemporary indexes on the resolutions. RESOLUTIONS OF ALDERMEN AND COUNCIL •

• • • •

•

65: Liber sententiarum et conventionum, resolutions of aldermen and council and of council and meente, including sentences of the magistrates and acts pertaining to private law, 1488–1548 (1 volume). 67: Resolutions of aldermen and council, 1615–1671, with gaps (1 volume). 68–101: Resolutions of aldermen and council, 1647–1795 (34 volumes). 104: Drafts of resolutions of aldermen and council, 1581–1791 (1 bundle). 105–181: Drafts of resolutions of aldermen and council, and of aldermen and council with the meente, and decisions in legal matters, 1675–1795 (76 volumes). 183–220: Registers containing abstracts of and indexes on the resolutions, 1570–1799 (1806), mainly eighteenth century (36 volumes).

INCOMING AND OUTGOING DOCUMENTS From Deventer and Kampen • • •

378–391: Deventer stukken, incoming documents from the Deventer council, c. 1423–1795 (14 bundles). 392–400: Incoming documents from the Kampen council, 1445–1794 and 1798 (9 folders and 1 charter). 401: Incoming documents of the councils of the towns of Deventer and Kampen, 1532, 1607, 1670 and 1671 (1 folder).

From other Overijssel towns •

490–506: Incoming documents from the councils of the smaller Hanseatic towns of Overijssel, 1535–1783 (1795) (4 folders); relevant are possibly the documents from Hasselt, Oldenzaal and Ommen.

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1585

From Guelders •

528–536: Incoming documents from Hanseatic towns in Guelders, including letters from Arnhem, Doesburg, Elburg, Harderwijk, Hattem, Nijmegen, Tiel, Zutphen, Doetinchem, Groenlo, Lochem and Zaltbommel, 1477–1794 (9 folders).

From the county of Holland and West-Friesland • •

537: Incoming documents from the States of Holland and West-Friesland, 1578–1786 (2 folders). 539–553: Incoming documents from towns in Holland and West-Friesland, 1493–1794 (13 folders). Including letters from: * 539, 540: Amsterdam. * 544: Edam. * 545: Enkhuizen. * 549: Hoorn. * 551: Monnickendam.

From Groningen •

567–568: Incoming documents from the Representative States of the town of Groningen and the Ommelanden, 1496 and 1518–1794 (2 folders).

From the German Empire • •

649–651: Incoming documents from Bremen, Hamburg and Lübeck, 1471–1750 (3 folders). 652–656: Incoming documents from towns and places in Lower Saxony, 1473–1794 (6 folders); relevant may be the documents from Emden (no. 652).

From the Baltic Sea region • •

670: Incoming letters from Flensburg, 1709 (1 folder). 671: Incoming documents from towns and places in Europe, 1520–1785 (1 folder), including letters from Gdansk (Danzig), 1520; Riga, 1559; Dorpat (Tartu), 1591; Copenhagen, 1604; Gollnow, c. 1620; Königsberg (Kaliningrad), 1773; and Altona, 1779.

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Regarding trade, trafc and industry •

705–714: Requests from various persons and corporations to the aldermen and council regarding their trade and industry, 1570–1809 (3 bundles and 7 folders). Including: * 705: Requests from various guilds. * 707: Requests of the carvel skippers.

Outgoing documents •

774: Drafts and copies of outgoing letters, 1556–1616 (1 volume), including agreements with Count Edzard of East-Friesland, and the town of Emden, 1594 and 1595.

POPULATION • • • •

•

962–966: Registrum civium, registers of new burghers, 1423–1808 (5 volumes). 976: Register of incoming foreigners, 1673–1674 (1 volume). 979–981: Boek der inwoonderen, registers of new citizens, with notes on children and places of birth and origin, 1736–1811 (3 volumes). 983–986: Registers of the inhabitants of the town districts, with notes on house owners, place of birth, occupation, children and religion, 1742, with additions and changes, 1744–1759 (4 volumes). 987–993: Wijkboek, registers of the inhabitants of the town districts, with notes on house owners, inhabitants, place of birth, occupation, children and religion, 1742, with additions and changes, drafts, 1744–1775 (7 volumes).

TRADE, TRAFFIC AND INDUSTRY General •

•

1422 (regest 06951): Placcard of the governor of the United Netherlands regarding the ban on the import and export of goods from the lands of the king of Spain and the towns of Emden and Calais, 1587 (1 piece). 1424: Records of testimonies made before the council of Zwolle by Gerhard ter Borch and Roelof Smit regarding the transit of goods from Amsterdam to Germany via Zwolle and the payment of convooien en licenten (a lastage for the protection of trade), 1652, with appendices, 1648 and 1651 (2 pieces).

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The town as a member of the Hanseatic League • • • • •

• •

• • • •

•

• • •

•

1426: Decisions of the Hanseatic meetings, contemporary copies and abstracts, 1450–1566 (1 folder). 1427–1436: Decisions of the Hanseatic meetings at Lübeck, contemporary copies, 1452–1557 (12 quires and 4 volumes). 1437: Register of decisions of the Hanseatic meeting regarding Flanders, contemporary copy, fragment, 1454 (1 quire). 1438, 1439: Decisions of the Hanseatic meetings at Bremen, contemporary copies, 1476 and 1494 (2 quires and 1 volume). 1440–1443: Decions of the meetings of the Cologne quarter of the Hanseatic League, contemporary copies, 1519–1557 (5 volumes and 1 quire). 1444: Decisions and correspondence of the meetings of the Cologne quarter at Cologne, contemporary copies, 1528–1529 (1 piece). 1445, 1446: Reports by the representatives from Zwolle regarding their journey to the Hanseatic meeting and the matters discussed there, 1535 and 1557 (2 quires). 1447: Lists of the matters to be handled at the Hanseatic meetings, 1549–c. 1615 (1 bundle). 1448: Instructions for the representatives of Zwolle at the Hanseatic meetings, drafts, 1557–1561 (1 folder). 1449: Register of decisions of the secret meetings of the Cologne quarter at Wesel, 1564 (1 volume). 1450: Instruction for the representatives of the three towns of Deventer, Kampen and Zwolle for the meeting of the Cologne quarter at Wesel, draft, 1579 (1 bundle). 1451–1453: Privileges of the Hanseatic towns, copies, 1365–1524 (3 folders). Including: * 1451, 1452: Agreements between the Danish kings and the Hanseatic towns, 1365–1376 and 1376–1524, copies, c. 1550 and 1560. * 1453: Acts of the kings of France regarding free Hanseatic trade to France, 1481–1494, copies, c. 1500. 1455: Act of readmission into the Hanse for the town of Zwolle, 1407 (1 charter). 1456: Letters from and to the Hanse from various towns, copies, 1484–1598 (1 bundle). 1457 (regesten 04816 and 04837): Ordinance of Emperor Maximilian I regarding the closing of the Sound and a trade bloccade against the Danish, authenticated copy, 1509 (1 charter). 1458 (regest 05782): Act of indemnity of the town of Kampen to Zwolle and Deventer regarding costs to be advanced by those towns to

1588

• • • •

the netherlands

the town of Lübeck concerning shipowners arrested in Denmark, 1536 (1 charter). 1459: Schotbrieven regarding the Hanseatic merchants at Bruges, 1535 and 1554 (2 pieces). 1461: Newe Confoederation, act of union between the Hanseatic towns, draft, 1557 (1 piece). 1462: Documents regarding the treaty between the Hanseatic towns and Antwerp, 1563, with an appendix (2 quires). 1463: Agenda of a meeting between the States General and the Hanse, contemporary copy, 1612 (1 piece).

Guilds •

1658: Guild privilege for the merchants, skippers, pedlars, shmongers, butchers and rope-makers of the St. Nicholas’ guild in Zwolle, 1524 (1 piece).

JUSTICE AND POLICE Civil matters •

•

1826–1829: Registrum depositionum et procurationum, registers of witness testimonies in civil cases and letters of attorney, 1541–1603 (4 volumes). 1830: Registrum depositionum testium, register of testimonies in civil cases, 1603–1630 (1 volume).

Criminal matters • •

1839–1841: Coerboeck or Liber excessuum oppidi Zwollensis, registers of reported crimes, 1524–1659 (3 volumes). 1842–1928: Interrogatoria or Informatie, records of testimonies in criminal cases, 1637–1810, copies and drafts, seventeenth to nineteenth centuries (81 folders).

Acknowledgments of debts, letters of attorney and suretyships •

1962–1981: Liber recognicionum oppidi Zwollensis, registers of acknowledgments of debts, letters of attorney and suretyships, 1487–1811, (20 volumes).

historical centre overijssel

1589

Sentences •

2345–2368: Protocollum sententiarum, registers of decisions of the High Court (Hoge Bank), 1534–1811 (25 volumes).

RELATIONS WITH THE TOWNS OF DEVENTER AND KAMPEN • •

4766: Resolutions of the meetings of the three towns of Deventer, Kampen and Zwolle, copies and drafts, 1524–1773 (1 folder). 4768–4770: Reiseboeck, registers of resolutions of the three towns, 1704–1793 (3 volumes).

GENERALITY AND STATES GENERAL •

5369–5375: Placards, ordinances and publications of the States General, printed, 1588–1791 (7 folders). Including: * 5370: Publications regarding convooien en licenten. * 5372: Publications regarding trade and industry.

TOWN FINANCES Town accounts • • •

5966–6062: Yearly accounts, 1402–1528 (97 volumes). 6063–6276: Yearly accounts, 1472–1792 (214 volumes). 6285–6414: Yearly accounts, drafts, 1462–1792 (130 volumes and folders).

Treasurer’s accounts •

7507–7716: Camerboeck, registers of receipts and expenses of the treasurers, 1399–1671 (210 volumes and folders).

Convooien en licenten •

9522: Documents regarding the levying of convooien en licenten at Zwolle, 1731–1755 (1 folder).

Accessibility A new inventory is forthcoming: A.J. Mensema, Inventaris van het stadsarchief van Zwolle 1230–1813, 3 Vols. (Zwolle, 2007).

1590

the netherlands

An index on all names appearing in charters and testaments (Generale Index Zwolle) is available digitally in the reading room. Between 1970 and 1997 the municipal archivist F.C. Berkenvelder made a calendar (regesten) of documents and charters from the period 973–1500 concerning the town of Zwolle and its parishes (Zwollerkerspel). He also made a calendar of all other charters and documents. These regesten are available in the reading room: •

•

13876–14418: Regesten over de periode 973–1843 met betrekking tot Zwolle, vervaardigd door de gemeentearchivaris drs. F.C. Berkenvelder, 1970–1997 (542 folders). 14419–14430: Regesten van akten over de periode 797–1500 met betrekking tot de geschiedenis van Overijssel vervaardigd door de mr. G.J. ter Kuile en drs. F.C. Berkenvelder, 1963–1997 (12 volumes).

The calendar of charters regarding the town was also published in 6 volumes between 1980 and 1994 (see under “Publications”). Record creator / provenance The town of Zwolle, in the province of Overijssel, already had some trading contacts with the Baltic Sea region in the mid-thirteenth century. The town was situated on the crossroads of several trading routes and developed into a market town from 1265. The IJssel River connected Zwolle, via the Zuiderzee and North Sea, with Scandinavia and with the Rhineland. From c. 1370, the town owned a vitte at Scania, but Zwolle only formally became a member of the Hanseatic League in 1407. From that time, it attended the general and regional meetings of the league. From the mid-sixteenth century, Zwolle shipping to the Baltic Sea declined, but Zwolle merchants continued to ship goods on vessels from other Hanseatic towns. The town’s main activities became concentrated, however, on transit trade between the rivers and the Zuiderzee (to Amsterdam), which ourished between 1690 and 1770. Some trading connections remained to exist between Zwolle and the northern German towns until the last quarter of the eighteenth century. Publications • • •

Berkenvelder, F.C., Zwolse regesten, 6 Vols. (Zwolle, 1980–1997). Kuile, G.J. ter, Oorkondenboek van Overijssel. Regesten 797–1350, 6 Vols. (Zwolle, 1963–1969). Uitgaven van het Gemeentearchief van Zwolle, Vols. 28–38 (1994–1998); including editions of the yearly town accounts of 1402–1404, 1405 and 1407, 1406, 1408–1410, 1413, 1415 and 1416.

INDEX This index covers all sections of the descriptions (including, for instance, publications) in Volume II. It only contains geographical terms. Note that the entries may vary in the three volumes. For personal names, commodities, institutions, languages, ship names and any other possible keywords, one is referred to the website, www.balticconnections.net (under “Archival Guide”), where all descriptions can be digitally searched. Aalborg. See Ålborg Abbekerk, 1109 Åbo. See Turku Africa, 805, 928, 931, 1228, 1402–1403, 1452, 1470, 1479 Aizpute, 816 Ålborg, 917 Algiers, 1316 Alicante, 997 Alkmaar, 901–904, 1113 Alo, 992 Altmark, 840 Altona, 920, 922, 976, 1066, 1083, 1157, 1298, 1362–1363, 1389–1390, 1459, 1585 Ameland, 1179 America, 805, 934, 1254, 1470 Amerongen, 1520, 1523 Amersfoort, 904–906 Amsterdam, 788, 797, 801, 804, 819, 843, 872, 907, 909, 911, 913–914, 917, 921, 923–927, 929–939, 941–944, 947–954, 957–963, 965, 968–969, 972–974, 976–986, 989, 991, 993–994, 1037, 1041, 1043, 1046, 1049, 1053, 1056, 1073–1074, 1077, 1079, 1084–1086, 1090, 1092–1093, 1095, 1098, 1100–1102, 1106, 1109–1115, 1118, 1133, 1135, 1139, 1141, 1157, 1165–1167, 1169, 1184, 1196, 1198, 1202–1203, 1208–1209, 1211, 1221, 1237, 1239, 1244–1245, 1254, 1264–1265, 1267–1270, 1272–1273, 1275–1276, 1281–1282, 1284, 1293, 1298, 1303, 1307–1308, 1310, 1312–1313, 1316–1318, 1322–1326, 1328, 1330–1332, 1335–1340, 1347,

1351–1352, 1358, 1363, 1366, 1379, 1385, 1389, 1391–1393, 1395–1396, 1399–1402, 1404, 1412, 1414–1416, 1420, 1422, 1424, 1428, 1434–1435, 1439, 1441, 1444, 1446, 1459–1462, 1466, 1476, 1489–1491, 1502, 1511, 1517–1518, 1522, 1525–1527, 1530, 1555, 1560, 1581, 1585–1586, 1590 Anger, 1345 Anholt, 1261 Antwerp, 1010, 1027, 1037–1038, 1041, 1043, 1049, 1053, 1056, 1141, 1143, 1198, 1217, 1221, 1231, 1242–1244, 1254, 1260, 1262, 1281, 1284, 1289, 1293, 1303, 1450, 1502–1503, 1566, 1568–1569, 1571, 1575–1576, 1588 Archangel, 917–918, 961, 964–967, 990–991, 1226, 1391 Arensburg. See Kuressaare Arkelstein, 1141 Arne River, 1242 Arnemuiden, 1217, 1221, 1223, 1232–1233, 1239–1240, 1242–1243, 1247, 1254, 1566, 1568–1569, 1571 Arnhem, 994–995, 999–1001, 1064, 1098, 1261, 1278–1279, 1575, 1585 Atlantic Ocean, 1254, 1443 Austria, 884, 1174–1175, 1256, 1333, 1367, 1400, 1433, 1467, 1498, 1501–1502, 1517–1518 Austrian Netherlands, 1333, 1367, 1517–1518 Balga, 896 Baltischport. See Paldiski Baltisk/Baltiysk. See Pillau Batavia, 913, 1403

1592

index

Beemster, 1268 Beest, 1268 Belarus, 878, 881–882, 891, 893 Belgium, 934, 1198, 1333, 1367, 1398, 1403, 1517, 1518 Belsk, 890 Belt, Great and/or Little, 1383, 1452 Bengal, 913, 1444 Berbice, 940, 1419 Bergen, 968, 972, 1035, 1037, 1275 Bergen op Zoom, 1008–1010, 1143, 1223, 1236, 1566–1567, 1569, 1571 Berkhout, 1109 Berlin, 798, 802, 807, 880, 1308, 1324, 1389, 1456–1457, 1463, 1485–1486, 1516 Bilbao, 1227 Biržai, 877–878 Blankenburg, 1297 Blokzijl, 981 Boghum, 1131 Bolderaa. See Bolderaja Bolderaja, 810, 812, 830, 849, 861 Boll, 1261 Bolsward, 1101–1102, 1105, 1160–1162, 1167, 1192 Bordeaux, 922, 1456 Borkum, 930, 1005, 1180, 1299, 1332 Borsele, 1235, 1237 Bourges, 1452 Bourgneuf, Bay of, 1133 Bourtange, 1104 Brabant, 1008, 1106, 1237, 1315, 1472, 1515, 1524 Brakel, 963, 968, 1002–1003 Brandenburg, 804, 895–896, 985, 998, 1208, 1369, 1377, 1380, 1425, 1434–1435, 1482, 1484–1485, 1491, 1495, 1521, 1523 Braniewo. See Braunsberg Brasil, 1519 Braunsberg, 896 Braunschweig, 1027, 1153, 1297. See also Brunswick Bremen, 846–847, 872, 920, 922, 924, 928, 940, 961, 970, 977, 994, 1020, 1068–1069, 1078, 1131, 1133, 1141, 1153, 1158, 1181, 1189, 1196–1198, 1226, 1289, 1292, 1298,

1342, 1355, 1358, 1365, 1389–1390, 1405–1406, 1416, 1425, 1450, 1489, 1491, 1502, 1504, 1521, 1585, 1587 Brevik, 920 Brielle, 1011, 1021, 1036, 1356, 1357. See also Den Briel Britanny, 1133 Broek, 1268, 1270 Broek in Waterland, 1268 Brouwershaven, 1224, 1232, 1234–1237, 1247–1248 Bruges, 1001, 1142–1143, 1260, 1262, 1450, 1501, 1503, 1573, 1588 Brunswick, 995, 998, 1048, 1098, 1150, 1181, 1425, 1435, 1521. See also Braunschweig Brussels, 1037, 1173–1175, 1189, 1197, 1398, 1401, 1435, 1513 Buren, 986 Burgundy, 1021, 1113, 1118, 1133, 1138, 1143, 1145, 1154, 1217, 1235–1237, 1255–1256, 1370, 1373, 1401, 1501, 1576, 1579 Burtinck, 1114 Bylandt, 1329–1330 Calais, 1586 Callantsoog, 1459 Cape of Good Hope, 1403 Carribean, 975 Choroszcze, 891 Cleve/Cleves, 1001, 1575 Cologne, 789, 800, 816, 820, 854, 867, 873, 1001, 1027, 1036–1037, 1068, 1098–1099, 1143, 1191–1192, 1260–1262, 1278, 1308, 1447, 1450, 1452, 1506, 1523, 1533, 1575, 1587 Copenhagen, 913, 915, 920, 928, 975–976, 1034, 1037, 1045, 1086, 1153, 1212, 1226, 1235, 1241, 1255, 1282, 1290, 1292, 1308–1309, 1312, 1321, 1323–1324, 1360, 1365, 1380, 1385, 1404, 1421–1422, 1440, 1442–1444, 1456–1457, 1459, 1476, 1485, 1521, 1527, 1531, 1575, 1585 Courland, 789–807, 809–812, 815–816, 818, 830, 832–833, 835, 837, 840, 843–844, 855–856, 865, 869, 871–872, 940, 1298. See also Kurland Courtrai, 921

index Cracow. See Krakow Culemborg, 996–998 Danzig. See Gdansk Daugava River, 806, 810, 812, 825, 828, 830, 834–835, 839, 849, 855, 860, 868–869, 878 Daugavgriva, 834, 857 Delfshaven, 1015–1022, 1286–1288, 1290, 1292, 1510 Delft, 1012–1019, 1021–1023, 1286–1288, 1298, 1316, 1335, 1344–1345, 1357, 1380, 1402–1403, 1408, 1466, 1468, 1509, 1511 Delfzijl, 1104 Den Briel, 1298, 1315, 1486. See also Brielle Den Helder, 1079, 1091–1092, 1146, 1424 Denmark, 787, 801, 803–805, 810, 813, 815–816, 819–820, 834, 838, 843, 903, 907, 911, 913–914, 925–929, 934, 940, 956, 960, 964, 975–976, 978–979, 985–986, 993–997, 1002, 1011, 1020, 1024–1027, 1030, 1032, 1034, 1036–1037, 1045, 1050, 1052, 1062–1064, 1068–1070, 1080–1083, 1085, 1096, 1098–1099, 1106–1107, 1110–1111, 1113, 1116–1117, 1130–1131, 1133–1135, 1137, 1141, 1144, 1149–1150, 1152, 1156, 1174–1175, 1178–1184, 1188–1190, 1192–1195, 1206–1207, 1212, 1222, 1224–1225, 1228–1229, 1231–1232, 1235, 1237, 1239, 1249, 1253, 1258, 1261, 1271–1272, 1274–1275, 1282, 1289, 1292, 1307–1313, 1319–1320, 1322–1325, 1330, 1333, 1338, 1340, 1346–1348, 1352–1353, 1355–1358, 1360, 1362–1367, 1369–1370, 1377–1383, 1385–1389, 1394–1395, 1397–1400, 1402, 1404, 1406, 1408–1411, 1413–1414, 1416–1418, 1420–1425, 1430–1432, 1434–1435, 1438, 1440–1461, 1464–1467, 1473, 1475–1477, 1480–1481, 1483–1485, 1487–1495, 1497–1499, 1501–1504, 1509, 1512–1513, 1515–1523, 1525,

1593

1527–1531, 1566–1567, 1569, 1571, 1573–1575, 1583, 1587–1588 Derechyn, 882 Deteren, 1196 Deurloo, 1215 Deventer, 1001, 1024–1033, 1035–1039, 1064–1065, 1141, 1278, 1376, 1575–1576, 1579, 1584, 1587, 1589 Doesburg, 1278, 1585 Doetinchem, 1585 Dokkum, 1068, 1101–1102, 1104–1105, 1155, 1162–1164, 1176 Domesnäs. See Kolka Doniawerstel, 1148 Dordrecht, 1039–1041, 1043–1047, 1049–1056, 1058–1059, 1278, 1282, 1315–1316, 1328, 1335, 1382, 1400, 1446–1447, 1515–1516, 1525, 1566, 1568–1569, 1571 Dorpat. See Tartu Dortmund, 992 Drammen, 1212 Drenthe, 1003–1005, 1071, 1370, 1372, 1398 Dresden, 1149, 1151, 1309, 1456 Druja, 893 Duisburg, 1278, 1575 Dünamünde. See Daugavgriva Dunkirk, 1255 East Indies, 805, 913, 1107, 1115, 1178, 1188, 1199, 1201, 1221, 1242, 1244, 1286, 1289, 1401–1404, 1419, 1443–1444, 1453, 1470, 1473, 1478, 1495, 1500, 1507, 1513, 1517 East-Friesland, 920, 1398 East-Frisia. See East-Friesland Echt, 1277 Edam, 1079, 1091–1092, 1113, 1134, 1263–1268, 1270–1273, 1275–1276, 1585 Elbe River, 1310, 1342, 1422, 1424, 1430, 1452, 1490–1491 Elberfeld, 1226 Elbing. See Elblag Elblag, 896, 920, 1436–1437, 1510, 1530 Elburg, 1001, 1060–1065, 1585 Elseneur. See Helsingør

1594

index

Elsinore. See Helsingør Emden, 1196, 1226, 1299, 1462, 1476, 1585–1586 Emmerich, 1278 Ems River, 1005, 1114, 1332, 1452 England, 788, 803, 844, 884, 894, 924, 927, 934, 966, 997, 1004, 1010, 1036, 1040, 1068, 1076, 1081, 1098–1099, 1145, 1200, 1221, 1237–1238, 1244, 1262, 1281, 1284, 1290, 1293, 1303, 1310–1311, 1313, 1319, 1341, 1344, 1351, 1356, 1358, 1402, 1434–1435, 1447, 1452, 1457, 1460, 1484, 1487, 1493, 1511–1512, 1516, 1535–1536, 1538, 1540–1541, 1543, 1546–1547, 1549–1550, 1552, 1555, 1557, 1566, 1568–1569, 1571, 1576, 1579 Enkhuizen, 1036, 1079, 1091–1092, 1109–1115, 1118–1120, 1122, 1131, 1133, 1157, 1178, 1272, 1275, 1313, 1318, 1322, 1356–1357, 1402, 1449, 1582, 1585 Ens, 981 Erkelen, 1277 Estonia, 787, 809–814, 819, 821–832, 834–835, 838, 840–841, 843, 846, 848, 850, 855–857, 864, 866–867, 911, 914, 940, 956, 964, 976, 978, 992, 1096, 1156, 1258, 1292, 1307, 1313, 1319, 1346, 1351, 1383, 1391, 1402, 1408, 1413, 1417, 1420–1421, 1449, 1473, 1480, 1515, 1583 Far East, 1198, 1200, 1254 Faroer Islands, 1397 Finland, 834, 838, 864, 914, 954–956, 960, 978–979, 1178–1179, 1195–1196, 1307, 1313, 1319, 1346, 1383, 1402, 1408, 1413, 1417, 1420–1421, 1449, 1460–1461, 1473, 1480, 1515 Finland, Gulf of, 1422 Finspong, 915, 1524–1525 Finsterwolde, 1104 Fischhausen, 896 Flanders, 1077–1078, 1084, 1086, 1198, 1291, 1566, 1568–1569, 1571, 1587 Flensburg, 872, 1585

Fossala, 1525 France, 787, 797, 803–804, 834, 844, 879, 928, 934, 944–945, 995–998, 1002, 1006, 1010, 1035, 1068, 1076, 1107, 1115, 1135, 1138, 1141, 1144, 1160, 1174, 1191, 1198, 1200, 1221, 1228, 1237–1238, 1244, 1256, 1264–1265, 1267–1268, 1270, 1273, 1276, 1281, 1284, 1286, 1289, 1293, 1300, 1303, 1305–1306, 1310–1311, 1313, 1319, 1342, 1344–1345, 1352, 1357–1358, 1362–1363, 1377, 1380, 1403, 1424, 1431, 1436–1437, 1447, 1452, 1459–1460, 1462, 1480, 1487, 1490, 1514–1517, 1530, 1566, 1568–1569, 1571, 1587 Franeker, 1176, 1188 Frankfurt, 843, 1226 Friesland, 904, 940, 1051, 1070–1071, 1100–1103, 1105, 1131, 1147–1156, 1163–1164, 1167, 1170, 1173–1189, 1191–1193, 1264, 1266–1267, 1269, 1271, 1273, 1276, 1313, 1318–1319, 1321–1322, 1326, 1330, 1332, 1338–1339, 1370, 1372, 1398, 1409–1410, 1429, 1439, 1449–1450, 1468–1469, 1479, 1489, 1560–1561, 1563–1564 Frisia. See Friesland Galama, 1192 Gambia, 806 Gammelsbo, 988 Gdansk, 819, 879–880, 891, 896, 905, 908, 913, 915, 917–922, 928, 940, 959, 974, 976, 994, 1005, 1007, 1038, 1045, 1068–1069, 1075–1076, 1085, 1114, 1144, 1153, 1158, 1212, 1236, 1238, 1245, 1255, 1262, 1281, 1284, 1289, 1290, 1292–1293, 1303, 1309–1310, 1312, 1329, 1333, 1340, 1342, 1347, 1358, 1400, 1420, 1425, 1431–1432, 1444–1447, 1450–1451, 1454, 1460, 1462, 1467, 1474, 1482, 1484, 1489–1492, 1504, 1510, 1522, 1530, 1573, 1585 Geervliet, 1298, 1373 Gelderland. See Guelders Geldern, 1277 Geneva, 913

index Gent, 1256, 1403, 1495 Germany, 787–788, 797, 799, 801–805, 810, 813, 815–816, 819–820, 832, 834, 838, 843–844, 846–848, 852–853, 858, 864, 866, 868, 871–872, 879–880, 888, 891–892, 896, 905, 907, 911, 913–915, 919, 922, 925, 928, 934, 936, 940, 956, 968, 974, 976, 978–979, 985, 990, 992–993, 995–999, 1006, 1008, 1010–1011, 1024, 1027, 1030, 1045, 1047, 1062, 1066, 1068, 1076, 1078, 1081–1082, 1085, 1096, 1098, 1110, 1116–1117, 1130, 1134–1135, 1149, 1152, 1156, 1174, 1180, 1182, 1188, 1190, 1193, 1195, 1198–1200, 1206, 1212, 1222, 1225, 1235, 1238, 1249, 1254, 1258, 1271, 1277, 1289, 1292, 1307, 1309, 1313, 1315, 1319, 1324, 1342, 1346, 1349, 1351, 1355, 1357, 1362–1364, 1373, 1377, 1379, 1383, 1387, 1389, 1394, 1398, 1402, 1405, 1408–1409, 1411, 1413, 1416–1417, 1420–1421, 1423, 1425, 1430–1431, 1433–1435, 1441, 1446–1447, 1449, 1453–1454, 1456, 1458, 1460–1462, 1466, 1473–1474, 1476, 1480–1482, 1487–1488, 1490, 1495, 1498, 1501, 1505, 1509, 1515–1516, 1520, 1524, 1528, 1531–1532, 1539–1540, 1573, 1580, 1583, 1585–1586 Ghent. See Gent Glückstadt, 1363, 1389, 1422, 1430, 1522 Goeree, 1299 Goerese Gat, 1356 Goes, 1207, 1310, 1455–1458 Gorcum, 1316 Göteborg, 915, 918, 920–921, 1147. See also Gothenburg Gothenburg, 819, 1072, 1146, 1380. See also Göteborg Gotland, 992, 1421 Gouda, 1066–1067, 1298, 1373 Graft, 901–902 Greenland, 934, 1490 Greifswald, 991 Grobia, 816 Grodno, 891

1595

Groenendaal, 1301 Groenlo, 1585 Groningen, 1067–1071, 1074, 1104, 1149, 1151, 1192, 1332, 1340, 1370, 1372, 1395, 1398, 1409, 1427, 1429, 1468–1469, 1524, 1585 Grooteboek, 1109 Guelders, 994, 996, 998, 1001–1002, 1060, 1062, 1064–1065, 1094–1095, 1097–1099, 1138, 1145, 1187, 1213, 1277, 1279, 1338, 1398, 1468–1469, 1524, 1573, 1575–1576, 1579, 1585 Güstrow, 919–920 Haapsalu, 835 Haarlem, 924, 1075–1086, 1088, 1090, 1115, 1134, 1378, 1403, 1412, 1415, 1426, 1465 Habsburg, 997, 1071, 1148, 1174–1175, 1217, 1401 Halland, 917, 988, 989, 1072, 1073, 1386, 1524, 1528 Hamburg, 788, 793, 801, 809, 816, 843, 846, 872, 893, 906, 908, 913, 915, 917, 920, 922, 928, 940, 961, 970, 977, 994, 1000, 1007, 1045, 1051, 1066, 1068, 1078, 1081–1083, 1085–1086, 1099, 1133, 1142–1143, 1150–1151, 1153, 1157, 1174–1175, 1181, 1188, 1196–1198, 1200, 1212, 1226–1227, 1253, 1262, 1264, 1266–1267, 1269, 1271, 1273, 1276, 1289–1290, 1292, 1298, 1310–1311, 1313, 1324, 1333, 1341–1342, 1349, 1351, 1355–1356, 1388–1390, 1400, 1404–1406, 1414, 1422, 1425, 1439, 1441–1442, 1450, 1454, 1456, 1459, 1462, 1467, 1476, 1482, 1486, 1491, 1504, 1506, 1510, 1516, 1522, 1524, 1528, 1573–1574, 1585 Hannover, 798, 1410, 1463 Harderwijk, 1001, 1064, 1094–1099, 1278, 1317, 1493, 1585 Harlingen, 1100–1105, 1112, 1150–1151, 1159, 1163–1164, 1174, 1176, 1179, 1181, 1183, 1185, 1189, 1196, 1299, 1449 Hasselt, 1581–1582, 1584 Hattem, 1001, 1585 Hauwert, 1109, 1122–1123

1596

index

Heenvliet, 1011 Heidelberg, 1452 Helgoland, 958, 961 Hellevoetsluis, 1011, 1299 Helsingør, 908, 915, 917–918, 920–921, 928, 958–960, 963–964, 1097, 1157, 1197, 1226, 1308, 1312, 1316, 1321, 1347, 1391, 1421, 1483, 1489, 1510 Hem, 1124–1125, 1129 Hemelumer Oldeferd, 1165–1166 Hindeloopen, 1104, 1149–1150, 1166–1167, 1173, 1558–1560, 1563–1564 Holland, 903–904, 908, 925, 931–933, 937–938, 940–941, 946–947, 961, 964, 982–983, 986, 1015–1017, 1019–1023, 1041, 1043, 1045, 1049–1056, 1064, 1066, 1077–1078, 1083–1084, 1086, 1088–1089, 1107, 1111–1113, 1115–1117, 1130–1133, 1135, 1189, 1201, 1203, 1206–1211, 1220, 1231, 1251, 1253, 1256, 1271–1272, 1274–1275, 1286, 1289, 1295–1296, 1298, 1300–1301, 1309–1310, 1313–1315, 1321, 1325, 1328, 1331–1333, 1335–1336, 1338–1339, 1341, 1344–1350, 1352–1357, 1361–1362, 1369–1375, 1377–1378, 1382, 1398–1402, 1406–1409, 1413, 1415–1416, 1418–1419, 1423–1426, 1432, 1435, 1438, 1440, 1446–1449, 1452–1453, 1455, 1457–1459, 1463–1464, 1466–1469, 1471–1473, 1475, 1477, 1488–1489, 1497–1509, 1511, 1515–1518, 1523, 1576, 1579, 1585 Holstein, 925, 958, 1113, 1134, 1189, 1297, 1311, 1363, 1365, 1389, 1400, 1425, 1432 Hooghstraten, 1399 Hoogwoud, 1109 Hoorn, 962, 1079, 1091–1092, 1107, 1109, 1112–1113, 1115, 1118–1120, 1122, 1130–1135, 1272, 1275, 1311, 1313, 1318, 1322, 1402, 1582, 1585 Huisduinen, 1089, 1091 Huisum, 1104

Hungary, 880, 1032, 1085, 1174–1175, 1503 Iberia, 1160, 1228 Iceland, 805, 1228, 1348, 1353, 1397 Iersekeroord, 1218 IJ River, 980 IJssel River, 1028, 1030, 1032, 1039, 1138, 1145, 1576, 1579, 1581, 1590 Ilpendam, 1270 Ingermanland, 821–822, 840 Ingria. See Ingermanland Ireland, 1076, 1566, 1568–1569, 1571 Iserlohn, 1226 Italy, 879, 911, 928, 934, 1198, 1200–1281, 1284, 1293, 1303, 1452, 1489 Jakarta, 1403 Jelgava, 791, 794, 798–799, 803, 806, 809, 833. See also Mitau Jisp, 1264–1265, 1267–1268, 1270, 1273, 1276 Jurbarkas, 893 Jurmo, 1422 Jutland, 1159, 1179 Jutphaas, 1523, 1525–1526 Kaliningrad, 879, 891, 896, 908, 917, 919–922, 959, 1212, 1226, 1281, 1284, 1293, 1303, 1462, 1510, 1585. See also Königsberg Kalmar, 940 Kampen, 1025, 1028, 1030–1032, 1036–1039, 1065, 1095, 1100, 1112, 1133, 1135–1145, 1278, 1576, 1579, 1584, 1587, 1589 Karlshafen, 920 Karlskrona, 920, 940, 1212, 1454 Kattegat, 958, 1443–1444, 1476, 1486 Katwoude, 1270 Kaunas, 885–886 Kazan, 791, 794 Kexholm, 840 Kiel, 917, 920, 1365, 1389, 1421 Klaarkamp, 1155 Klaipeda, 788, 801, 896–897, 920, 959. See also Memel Kleverskerke, 1239 Köge, 1421 Kolberg. See Kolobrzeg

index Kolka, 790, 825 Köln. See Cologne Kolobrzeg, 801, 917, 920–921 Königsberg, 878–880, 891, 896, 908, 917, 919–922, 959, 1005, 1045, 1117, 1133, 1153, 1157, 1212, 1226–1227, 1236, 1238, 1281, 1284–1285, 1290, 1292–1293, 1303, 1397, 1462, 1492, 1510, 1522, 1530, 1585. See also Kaliningrad Koudum, 1166 Krakow, 880 Krasnystaw, 885 Kretinga, 893 Kronstadt, 918, 966, 1392, 1422 Kuldiga, 816 Kuressaare, 821, 828, 830, 833, 835, 855 Kurland, 794, 798, 802, 806–807, 809. See also Courland Kurzeme. See Courland, Kurland Kvetkai, 893 Läe Sjö, 1386 Læsø. See Trindel Landskrona, 955 Landsmeer, 1264–1265, 1267–1268, 1270, 1273, 1276 Langakkerschans, 1104 Latvia, 787–873, 878–879, 881, 884, 891–892, 905, 911, 914, 925, 940, 956, 964, 976, 978, 1011, 1045, 1096, 1212, 1225, 1258, 1292, 1307, 1313, 1319, 1330, 1346, 1383, 1391, 1402, 1408, 1413, 1417, 1420–1421, 1433, 1449, 1462, 1473, 1480, 1509, 1515, 1573, 1583 Leeuwarden, 1075–1076, 1104, 1146–1147, 1176, 1181–1182, 1186–1187, 1194, 1560–1563 Leicester, 1188, 1318 Leiden, 791, 795, 796, 812, 826, 829, 831, 838, 851, 857, 974, 1031, 1131, 1192, 1195–1196, 1198, 1200–1205, 1207–1208, 1210–1213, 1335, 1345, 1349, 1382, 1437, 1445, 1447, 1465, 1468 Lemmer, 1169 Lemsterland, 1168–1169 Lensø, 1261 Leufsta, 1524–1525

1597

Leuven, 1452 Levant, 940, 1333 Libau. See Liepaja Liege, 1523, 1525 Liepaja, 790, 793, 796–798, 801, 804–806, 810, 813–818, 833, 837–838, 871–873, 920–921, 961, 1226 Limburg, 1213, 1369 Lippe, 852 Lithuania, 787, 797, 801, 803–806, 810, 819–820, 834, 838, 864, 868–869, 871–872, 877–897, 914, 956, 978, 1206, 1208, 1307, 1313, 1319, 1346, 1383, 1402, 1408, 1413, 1417, 1420, 1449, 1473, 1480, 1515 Livland, 794, 813, 822, 831–832, 838, 842, 864, 866. See also Livonia Livonia, 803, 806, 809–812, 821–831, 838, 840–844, 850–852, 854–857, 865, 869, 940, 1407, 1574. See also Livland Lochem, 1585 London, 917, 1083, 1143, 1311, 1324 Lower Saxony, 928, 1312, 1347, 1365, 1367, 1388, 1390, 1406, 1413–1414, 1418, 1434–1435, 1454, 1474, 1484, 1486, 1585 Lübeck, 788, 798, 801, 807, 813, 816, 819, 821, 843, 846, 852, 861, 913, 917, 919–920, 928, 940, 961, 974, 986, 992, 994–995, 997–998, 1000–1001, 1026–1027, 1034, 1036–1037, 1052, 1064, 1068–1069, 1086, 1098–1099, 1114, 1133, 1135, 1142–1143, 1150–1151, 1159, 1174, 1181, 1191–1192, 1198, 1253, 1255, 1260–1262, 1273, 1277–1278, 1289, 1373, 1389–1390, 1397, 1399–1401, 1405–1406, 1432–1433, 1437, 1450–1451, 1502–1504, 1506, 1533, 1573–1575, 1585, 1587–1588 Lublin, 880 Lüneburg, 802, 809, 847, 1142, 1151, 1153, 1178, 1181, 1297, 1425, 1434–1435, 1521 Lyserort. See Ovisi Maassluis, 1299 Magdeburg, 884, 995, 1150

1598

index

Magnushof. See Mangali Makkum, 1104, 1156, 1159–1160, 1171 Malaga, 1225 Malines, 925, 1143, 1208, 1211, 1508. See also Mechelen Malmö, 917, 1421, 1457 Mangali, 830 Marburg, 800, 802, 807, 823, 841, 847, 853–854, 867–868 Marken, 1092, 1270 Marne River, 1162 Marsdiep, 1112, 1449 Mechelen, 925. See also Malines Mecklenburg, 820, 852, 994, 1035, 1038, 1153, 1226, 1491, 1504 Medemblik, 986, 1079, 1091–1093, 1109, 1112–1113, 1116–1122, 1133–1134 Mediterranean, 931, 1213, 1228, 1316–1317, 1380, 1443–1444 Megellan, Straits of, 1403 Memel, 788, 801, 896, 920, 959, 1397. See also Klaipeda Mensinge, 1003 Merseburg, 802, 807 Meuse River, 966, 1021, 1051, 1092, 1298–1299, 1310, 1312, 1314–1315, 1325–1328, 1330–1334, 1338–1341, 1352, 1354, 1356–1357, 1428, 1432, 1446, 1475–1476, 1513–1514, 1519 Middelburg, 1010, 1214, 1217, 1220–1223, 1225–1226, 1228, 1231–1232, 1234, 1242–1245, 1247–1248, 1254, 1329, 1342, 1402–1403, 1470, 1489, 1535–1536, 1538, 1540–1541, 1543, 1546–1547, 1549–1550, 1552, 1555, 1557, 1566, 1568–1572 Midwoud, 1109 Minden, 1099 Mitau, 794, 798, 800, 803, 806, 809, 919–920. See also Jelgava Mogilev, 881 Molkwerum, 1166 Monnickendam, 1079, 1091–1092, 1264–1265, 1267–1268, 1270, 1273–1276, 1585 Montfort, 1213–1214 Morocco, 1317

Moscow, 812, 849–851, 881–882, 885, 891, 917–918, 928, 964–967, 1005, 1212, 1226, 1391, 1457, 1522 Muiden, 1317 Munnikezijl, 1104 Münster, 800, 867, 1113, 1142, 1278, 1377, 1382, 1447, 1502–1503, 1575 Muscovy, 934, 940, 963–968, 1087, 1261, 1425, 1494, 1516 Naarden, 1114 Naples, 1196–1197 Narva, 821–822, 834–835, 839–840, 843, 917–918, 940, 1392 Netherlands, 787–788, 797–798, 801, 803–805, 810, 819, 832, 834, 838, 843–844, 864, 871–872, 892–893, 896, 901–1590 Neuwied, 1527 Niervaart, 1055 Nieuw-Helvoet, 1011 Nijmegen, 998, 1001, 1027, 1098, 1258–1259, 1261–1263, 1278–1279, 1377, 1403, 1533, 1575, 1585 Norrköping, 915, 923, 1525 North Sea, 920, 1099, 1223, 1315, 1380, 1383, 1407, 1420, 1422, 1443, 1450, 1484, 1486, 1581, 1590 North-Holland, 901, 966, 1075, 1079, 1088–1090, 1092, 1131, 1264–1265, 1267–1268, 1270, 1273, 1276, 1300, 1472 Norway, 805, 820, 903, 925–926, 931, 934, 957–958, 960, 962, 1026, 1032, 1036–1037, 1097, 1099, 1101–1102, 1105, 1111, 1130–1131, 1141, 1164, 1175, 1192, 1235, 1237, 1261, 1275, 1308, 1310–1311, 1327, 1358, 1365, 1383, 1422, 1425, 1449, 1459, 1465, 1485, 1489, 1493, 1498, 1519, 1566, 1568–1569, 1571 Nyköping, 940, 1525 Obdam, 1109 Odense, 1036, 1224, 1261 Oldenburg, 1196, 1389, 1491 Oldenzaal, 1584 Oliwa, 1420 Omerack, 1097

index Ommen, 1584 Onsala, 988 Oostdongeradeel, 1148 Oosterblokker, 1125 Oosthuizen, 1268, 1270 Opava. See Troppau Opmeer, 1109 Opperdoes, 1109, 1126–1127 Orléans, 1437, 1445 Ösel, 821–822. See also Saaremaa Oslo, 1212 Osnabrück, 1389 Ostend, 1522 Österby, 915, 1525 Oudendijk, 1109, 1127 Overijssel, 1027–1028, 1030, 1039, 1098–1099, 1315, 1370, 1372, 1398, 1468–1469, 1493, 1579–1580, 1582, 1584, 1590 Overschie, 1021 Oversticht, 1071, 1575 Ovisi, 790 Padua, 1452 Palanga, 825, 838, 893 Paldiski, 812, 835 Paris, 1189, 1239, 1309–1310, 1312, 1437 Parma, 1085, 1174–1175, 1224 Pärnu, 819, 821, 825, 828, 830, 833, 835, 839–840, 844, 849, 855, 921, 977, 1391, 1393. See also Pernau Pernau, 821, 835, 855, 921, 977, 1157. See also Pärnu Pillau, 896, 920, 959 Plung, 890 Podlasie, 890–891 Podlesia. See Podlasie Poland, 787, 799, 801, 803–804, 806–807, 810, 813, 819, 830, 833–834, 838, 840–841, 843, 847, 864, 867–869, 871, 878–881, 884–886, 888, 890–893, 896, 905–908, 911, 913–914, 921–922, 928, 936, 940, 956, 959, 974, 976, 978–979, 993, 996–997, 1004, 1006–1007, 1011, 1030, 1045–1046, 1068, 1070, 1075–1076, 1085, 1096, 1098, 1110, 1116–1117, 1152–1153, 1156, 1190, 1192, 1206, 1208, 1212,

1599

1235, 1238, 1245, 1254, 1258, 1289, 1292, 1302, 1307, 1309–1310, 1312–1313, 1319, 1329–1330, 1338, 1340, 1346–1347, 1357, 1360, 1379, 1381–1383, 1394–1396, 1400, 1402, 1408, 1410–1411, 1413–1414, 1417, 1420–1421, 1423, 1425, 1431–1432, 1436, 1444–1447, 1449–1451, 1453–1454, 1462, 1464, 1466–1467, 1473–1474, 1480–1481, 1483–1484, 1486, 1490–1491, 1494–1495, 1498, 1501, 1509, 1515–1516, 1520, 1522, 1529, 1573, 1583 Polangen. See Palanga Pollesk, 896 Polock, 843 Pomerania, 994, 1238 Popowa Olsza, 891 Port-Baltique. See Paldiski Portugal, 813, 844, 928, 934, 951, 1115, 1135, 1221, 1238, 1244, 1333, 1464 Pozen. See Poznan Poznan, 799, 833, 847, 867, 886 Pregel River, 896 Pregolya River. See Pregel River Primorsk. See Fischhausen Prussia, 788, 802, 807, 880, 895–897, 959, 994, 1007, 1015–1017, 1019, 1022, 1045, 1055, 1118, 1207, 1311, 1333, 1347, 1358, 1389, 1394, 1396–1397, 1411, 1413–1414, 1418, 1440, 1454, 1457, 1465, 1467, 1474, 1482, 1485–1486, 1491, 1504, 1513, 1516, 1522, 1529 Pskov / Pskow, 810–811 Purmer, 1272 Purmerend, 1134, 1263, 1268, 1270 Purmerland, 1270 Reval, 802, 823, 835, 846–847, 850, 856, 913, 917–918, 940, 961, 964, 992, 1140, 1142, 1261, 1292, 1351, 1422. See also Tallinn Rhena, 1226 Rhine River, 1432 Rhineland, 1281, 1284, 1293, 1303, 1576, 1579, 1581, 1590 Ribe, 1114 Riga, 787–789, 791, 795, 798–799, 801–807, 809–813, 818–820,

1600

index

822–835, 838–869, 871, 878–882, 885, 891, 893, 906, 913, 915, 917, 920–921, 925, 959, 961, 964, 966, 977, 1045, 1114, 1212, 1226–1227, 1261, 1281, 1284, 1292–1293, 1303, 1333, 1392, 1433, 1462, 1510, 1574, 1585 Riga, Gulf of, 1421 Rijnhuizen, 1524–1526 Rinsumageest, 1155 Ritthem, 1546, 1556 Ritzbüttel, 1389 Rjazan, 812, 826, 829, 841 Rochelle, La, 1227 Rockanje, 1011 Roden, 1003 Roermond, 1000, 1261, 1276–1279, 1533 Rostock, 807, 920, 940, 994, 1036, 1142, 1151, 1255, 1437, 1528, 1531 Rotterdam, 918, 966, 1002, 1011, 1021, 1041, 1043, 1049, 1051, 1053, 1056, 1076, 1101–1102, 1106, 1118, 1165, 1279–1286, 1288–1306, 1313–1314, 1318, 1322, 1328, 1335–1336, 1340, 1357, 1360, 1386, 1402–1403, 1409, 1439–1440, 1448, 1452, 1513–1514 Rozenburg, 1010–1011 Rügen, 1420 Russia, 787–789, 791–792, 794–797, 802–804, 806, 810–813, 817–819, 823–824, 826–832, 834, 837–838, 840–841, 848–851, 854–855, 857, 860–861, 864, 871, 881–882, 884–886, 890–892, 896, 905, 907–908, 913–914, 918, 922, 927–929, 934, 940, 956, 961, 964–967, 978–979, 990–991, 993–994, 1004, 1006, 1011, 1045, 1047, 1068, 1087, 1096, 1099–1110, 1116, 1130, 1152, 1156, 1188–1189, 1199–1200, 1212, 1214, 1225, 1235, 1258, 1292, 1307–1311, 1313, 1319, 1324, 1330, 1333, 1341–1343, 1346–1348, 1360, 1383, 1385–1387, 1390–1394, 1402, 1408, 1411, 1413–1414, 1417, 1419–1421, 1423, 1441–1442, 1449, 1451, 1453–1454, 1456–1457, 1460–1462, 1464, 1466–1467, 1473, 1475–1476,

1480–1481, 1483–1486, 1490, 1494–1495, 1509, 1512–1513, 1515, 1520, 1527, 1529, 1544–1545 Ruurlo, 998, 999 Saaremaa, 822, 825, 840, 855. See also Ösel Salaca River, 867 Salamiestis, 878 Salis River. See Salaca River Salland, 1141 Samogitia, 880, 893 Sapiegos. See Sapieha Sapieha, 881–882 Sarepta, 1527 Savoy, 1181 Saxony, 834, 869, 1148–1151, 1154, 1347, 1360, 1394, 1396, 1411, 1413, 1456, 1474, 1485–1486 Scania, 1032, 1063, 1065, 1079–1080, 1082, 1084, 1356, 1394, 1566–1567, 1569, 1571, 1574, 1581, 1590 Šebravas, 893 Schakerloo, 1217 Scheldt River, 1217, 1221, 1223, 1242, 1244, 1254, 1535–1536, 1538, 1540–1541, 1543, 1545, 1547, 1549–1550, 1552, 1555, 1557, 1566–1567, 1569, 1571 Schiedam, 1021, 1285, 1298, 1328, 1357 Schieland, 1299 Schiermonnikoog, 1154–1155 Schleswig, 925, 1153, 1297, 1311, 1363, 1365, 1389, 1400, 1432 Schoonderloo, 1287–1288 Schouwen-Duiveland, 1232, 1234, 1248, 1564, 1566, 1568, 1570 Scotland, 966, 1010, 1040, 1178, 1221, 1237–1238, 1244, 1256, 1281, 1284, 1293, 1303, 1356, 1452 Semigallen, 799, 803, 806. See also Semigallia Semigallia, 791, 794, 801. See also Semigallen Šiauliai, 890 Silesia, 807, 1153, 1451 Skagen, 1137, 1144 Skagerrak, 1315–1316, 1383 Skanör, 1170, 1193 Skiarkind, 915

index Skuodas, 893 Skylberg, 1525 Slonim, 881 Sloten, 1104 Slovensk, 891 Smolensk, 850 Smyrna, 1316 Sneek, 1176 Soest, 1278, 1575 Sound, 903, 918, 957–959, 962–964, 995, 1021, 1027, 1085, 1097, 1099, 1134, 1137–1138, 1144–1145, 1164, 1181, 1189, 1192, 1235, 1255, 1275, 1281, 1284, 1292–1293, 1303, 1311–1312, 1315–1316, 1323, 1333, 1340, 1348, 1362–1363, 1379, 1381, 1383, 1386, 1421, 1425, 1427–1429, 1431, 1440, 1450–1452, 1457, 1476, 1483–1484, 1486, 1491–1495, 1503, 1510, 1512–1513, 1516, 1519, 1587 South-Holland, 1436, 1472 Spaarne River, 1077–1078, 1084, 1086 Spain, 844, 922, 928, 934, 1045, 1135, 1221, 1244, 1254, 1281, 1284, 1293, 1303, 1342, 1362, 1412, 1415, 1449, 1451, 1456, 1472, 1499, 1507, 1511–1512, 1523, 1535–1536, 1539–1541, 1543, 1546–1547, 1549–1550, 1552, 1555, 1558, 1566, 1568–1569, 1571, 1586 Spanbroek, 1109 Spanish Netherlands, 1415 Speyer, 1134 Spijkenisse, 1011 Spilve, 834 St. Petersburg, 788, 792, 795, 796, 802–803, 807, 811–812, 818, 822, 824, 827, 829, 831, 838, 849, 851, 857, 882, 886, 917, 920–922, 928, 961, 964–967, 991, 1006, 1049, 1158, 1189, 1200, 1212, 1226, 1292, 1308, 1311, 1324, 1391–1393, 1454, 1456–1457, 1460, 1462, 1485–1486, 1522, 1527 Stade, 992, 1197–1198, 1358, 1422, 1491 Stargard, 1005 Staßfurt, 802, 807 Staveren. See Stavoren

1601

Stavoren, 1104, 1150, 1166, 1169–1170, 1173, 1181, 1190–1193, 1563–1564 Stavropol, 812, 826, 829 Stensby, 1525 Stettin. See Szczecin Stockholm, 819, 822–823, 841, 872, 908, 915–920, 928, 940, 955, 1146–1147, 1153, 1186, 1196, 1198, 1212, 1226–1227, 1292, 1310–1312, 1324, 1340, 1396, 1421, 1456, 1462, 1486, 1489, 1492, 1524 Stralen, 1277 Stralsund, 852, 917, 920, 1036, 1049, 1114, 1142, 1151, 1153, 1396, 1424, 1450, 1462, 1504 Strvininkai, 880 Sudermanland, 1312 Surinam, 1419 Sweden, 801, 803–804, 806, 810, 813–814, 819–820, 822, 824, 832, 834, 838–842, 850, 864–866, 868–869, 871–872, 879, 890, 892–893, 905, 907–908, 914, 916–917, 925–929, 934, 936, 940, 954–956, 959–960, 964–965, 976–979, 987–998, 1004–1005, 1011, 1023, 1030, 1035, 1062–1063, 1065, 1068, 1070–1074, 1079–1082, 1096, 1099, 1106–1107, 1110, 1141, 1146–1147, 1152–1153, 1178–1182, 1188–1190, 1192–1195, 1212, 1225–1226, 1228–1229, 1235, 1237, 1249, 1253, 1274–1275, 1292, 1297, 1307–1313, 1319, 1324, 1330, 1333, 1338, 1342–1343, 1346–1348, 1352–1353, 1355–1358, 1360, 1364–1367, 1369, 1376–1379, 1381–1383, 1385–1387, 1389, 1394–1397, 1402, 1406–1409, 1411, 1413–1414, 1417, 1419–1425, 1436–1439, 1441, 1445–1451, 1453–1462, 1465–1468, 1473–1476, 1480–1488, 1490, 1492–1493, 1495, 1497–1499, 1501, 1503–1504, 1513–1516, 1520–1521, 1523–1531, 1583 Switzerland, 928, 1181, 1482 Szaniawy, 891 Szczecin, 920–921, 1005, 1117, 1281, 1284, 1293, 1303, 1421, 1489, 1523

1602

index

Tallinn, 810–811, 824–825, 835, 842, 846, 850, 856, 913, 917–918, 940, 961, 964, 992, 1140, 1142, 1292, 1351, 1391, 1422. See also Reval Talsi, 816 Tartu, 791, 794, 812, 822, 826, 829, 831, 840–842, 849–851, 857, 865, 1391, 1585 Terschelling, 1092, 1400 Texel, 962, 971, 1079, 1089–1093, 1112, 1317, 1324, 1336, 1347 The Hague, 804, 942, 961, 973, 979, 1053, 1068, 1089, 1133, 1147–1148, 1151, 1182, 1196, 1198, 1209, 1212, 1222, 1230, 1238, 1246, 1256–1257, 1263, 1272, 1307, 1309, 1321, 1343, 1346, 1354, 1364, 1382–1383, 1387–1388, 1390, 1393, 1397, 1402–1404, 1406, 1420, 1422, 1430, 1432–1433, 1437, 1441, 1447, 1452, 1456, 1462, 1475, 1495, 1500, 1507, 1511, 1567 Tholen, 1217 Thorn. See Torun Tiel, 1585 Tobago, 806 Tönning, 1462 Torun, 908, 1099 Trakai, 884, 886, 891 Tranquebar, 1527 Trent, 952 Trindel, 958 Trondheim, 958, 1037, 1400 Troppau, 791, 794, 796, 802, 807, 823, 826, 831, 833, 853 Tryškiai, 890 Turkey, 928, 1360, 1362, 1363 Turku, 1196, 1292, 1422 Twisk, 1109 Ukraine, 878 Urk, 1092 Ursem, 1109 Usedom, 1397 Utö, 1422 Utrecht, 905–906, 915, 1065, 1071, 1089–1090, 1143, 1198, 1370, 1372–1373, 1398, 1426, 1468–1469, 1520, 1523–1524, 1526, 1531

Veere, 1217, 1221, 1223–1224, 1232–1237, 1243, 1247–1248, 1254–1256, 1470, 1566, 1568–1569, 1571 Venhuizen, 1124–1125, 1128–1129 Venice, 1023, 1450 Venlo, 1277–1278, 1532–1533 Ventspils, 790, 793, 796–798, 801, 804–807, 816, 832, 835, 838, 844, 858. See also Windau Viborg, 917–918, 955, 1420, 1422 Vidzeme, 828. See also Livonia Vienna, 1149, 1151, 1348, 1387, 1435, 1454, 1515 Viipuri. See Viborg Vilnius, 877–882, 884–886, 888–892, 894–895 Virbalis, 893 Visby, 992 Vistula River, 1491 Vitebsk, 881 Vlie, 971, 1093, 1112, 1189, 1449 Vlieland, 955, 1112, 1317 Vlissingen, 1217, 1224, 1232, 1234–1237, 1247–1248, 1254–1256, 1336, 1533–1553, 1555–1558, 1566, 1568–1571 Volendam, 1263, 1272 Wachtendonk, 1277 Wadden Sea, 1155, 1163, 1315, 1449 Walcheren, 1220–1221, 1232, 1242–1243, 1254, 1535–1536, 1538, 1540–1541, 1543, 1545, 1547, 1549–1550, 1552, 1555, 1557, 1566, 1568–1569, 1571 Walda, 988 Warmond, 917 Warns, 1166 Warsaw, 802, 889, 1309, 1454, 1463, 1486, 1530 Waterland, 1110, 1263–1270, 1273, 1276, 1291 Weesp, 917 Werk, 918 Wesel, 1001, 1027, 1036, 1037, 1064, 1278, 1575, 1587

index West Indies, 913, 940, 966, 1076, 1115, 1178, 1201, 1225, 1228, 1286, 1289, 1419, 1444, 1453, 1470, 1473, 1478, 1495, 1500, 1507, 1517, 1535 Westerblokker, 1125 West-Friesland, 903–904, 931, 937–938, 946–947, 964, 982–983, 1083, 1107–1110, 1112, 1115, 1117–1120, 1122–1130, 1132, 1134, 1189, 1269, 1272, 1309, 1319–1320, 1328, 1330, 1332, 1335, 1338, 1344–1345, 1347–1349, 1371–1372, 1408–1409, 1428, 1438, 1440, 1447–1448, 1452–1453, 1455, 1463–1464, 1466–1469, 1473, 1497, 1499, 1501, 1503, 1505–1508, 1582, 1585 West-Frisia. See West-Friesland Westkapelle, 1235–1237 Westwoud, 1109 White Sea, 964–965, 967 Wielingen, 1215 Wien. See Vienna Wijdenes, 1109, 1125, 1129 Wijnestein, 1526 Windau, 797, 806, 832, 838, 959, 961. See also Ventspils Wisby. See Visby Wismar, 915, 1000, 1142, 1151, 1441, 1463, 1491 Wolgda, 918 Wonseradeel, 1148, 1158, 1170–1171 Workum, 1104, 1172–1173, 1558, 1560–1564 Wormer, 1264–1265, 1267–1268, 1270, 1273, 1276

1603

Wrangeroog, 955 Wroclaw, 880 Wurtenberg, 1457 Zaandam, 955, 966, 1112 Žagar, 880, 893 Zaltbommel, 1573, 1585 Zandenburg, 1237 Zeeland, 966, 1051, 1214–1218, 1221–1223, 1226, 1229–1232, 1234–1235, 1238–1239, 1242–1254, 1256–1258, 1310, 1313, 1315, 1318–1320, 1322, 1325, 1330, 1332, 1338–1339, 1357, 1361, 1370, 1372–1373, 1375, 1398, 1401–1404, 1409, 1427–1428, 1445, 1447, 1449, 1452, 1455, 1466, 1468–1470, 1501–1504, 1508–1509, 1531, 1535–1536, 1538, 1540–1541, 1543, 1545–1547, 1549–1550, 1552–1557, 1566–1567, 1569–1571 Zeist, 1526–1527 Zierikzee, 1219, 1224, 1232, 1234, 1236, 1247–1248, 1549, 1564–1572 Zuiderwoude, 1268, 1270 Zuiderzee, 1037, 1085, 1095, 1099, 1112, 1133, 1135, 1140–1141, 1156, 1356, 1576, 1579, 1581, 1590 Zuidland, 1011 Zuilen, 1530, 1531 Zutphen, 994–995, 1000–1001, 1027, 1065, 1187, 1261, 1278–1279, 1403–1404, 1572–1579, 1585 Zwaag, 1109 Zwartewaal, 1011 Zwolle, 924, 1025, 1028, 1030–1032, 1036–1039, 1141, 1143, 1278, 1576, 1579, 1580, 1582–1583, 1586–1590

Baltic Connections Volume III

The Northern World North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD Peoples, Economies and Cultures

Editors

Barbara Crawford (St. Andrews) David Kirby (London) Jon-Vidar Sigurdsson (Oslo) Ingvild Øye (Bergen) Richard W. Unger (Vancouver) Piotr Gorecki (University of California at Riverside)

VOLUME 36/III

Baltic Connections Archival Guide to the Maritime Relations of the Countries around the Baltic Sea (including the Netherlands) 1450–1800 Volume III Poland, Russia, Sweden

Edited by

Lennart Bes, Edda Frankot and Hanno Brand

LEIDEN • BOSTON 2007

Cover illustration: Bird’s-eye view of the Swedish blockade of Gdansk Bay and attacking Dutch ships, May 1627, from a travel account by Abraham Boot who was part of a Dutch diplomatic mission to the Polish court at Warsaw during the Swedish-Polish war in 1627–1628. State Archives in Gdansk: “Manuscript Collection” (reference code: PL/10/1016), no. 58 This book is printed on acid-free paper. A C.I.P. record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISSN 1569-1462 ISBN 978 90 04 16429 1 (Set) ISBN 978 90 04 16433 8 (Vol. III) Copyright 2007 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS

Vår handel och correspondens O Herre Gud Du styre så Att vi må handla med avance Och att oss alltid väl må gå Amen Please rule our merchandise and correspondence O dear Lord So that we can trade at a prot And we will always have good fortune Amen

Landsarkivet i Visby / Regional Archives in Visby: Donners affärsarkiv / archives of the Merchant House of Donner, (founded by the Lübeck-born merchant Jörgen Heinrich Donner, who moved to Sweden) no. BI: 3, letter book from 1787–1789

CONTENTS Volume I Preface ................................................................................................ Introduction ........................................................................................ Notes on the Editors ......................................................................... Subjects covered by the guide ......................................................... Baltic Connections: Changing Patterns in Seaborne Trade, c. 1450–1800 by Hanno Brand ....................................................

xxvii xxix xxxiii xxxv 1

Denmark by Erik Gøbel and Ulrich Flaskager Hansen Copenhagen • Copenhagen City Archives ...................................................... Stadsarkivet • Danish National Archives ........................................................ Statens Arkiver, Rigsarkivet • Royal Danish Library, Slotsholmen ........................................ Kongelige Bibliotek, Slotsholmen

25 26 82

Estonia by Kersti Lust, Enn Küng, Juhan Kreem et al. Tallinn • Estonian History Museum ....................................................... Eesti Ajaloomuuseum • National Library of Estonia .................................................... Eesti Rahvusraamatukogu • Tallinn City Archives .............................................................. Tallinna Linnaarhiiv • Tallinn University Academic Library ..................................... Tallinna Ülikooli Akadeemiline Raamatukogu

87 110 111 132

viii

contents

Tartu • Estonian Historical Archives ................................................... Ajalooarhiiv • Tartu University Library ............................................................. Tartu Ülikooli Raamatukogu

134 259

Finland by Juhani Piilonen Hämeenlinna • Hämeenlinna Provincial Archives .............................................. Hämeenlinnan Maakunta-Arkisto Helsinki • City Archives of Helsinki .......................................................... Helsingin Kaupunginarkisto • National Archives of Finland ..................................................... Kansallisarkisto • National Library of Finland ....................................................... Kansalliskirjasto

265

278 292 305

Mikkeli • Mikkeli Provincial Archives ....................................................... Mikkelin Maakunta-Arkisto

317

Oulu • Oulu Provincial Archives ........................................................... Oulun Maakunta-Arkisto

327

Tammisaari • Tammisaari Town Archives ........................................................ Tammisaaren Kaupunginarkisto

345

Turku • Åbo Academy University Library ............................................. Åbo Akademis Bibliotek • Kaarina Church Archives ........................................................... Kaarinan Kirkonarkisto • Turku City Archives ................................................................... Turun Kaupunginarkisto

351 353 355

contents •

Turku Provincial Archives .......................................................... Turun Maakunta-Arkisto

Vaasa • Vaasa Provincial Archives .......................................................... Vaasan Maakunta-Arkisto

ix 359

374

Germany by Tatjana Niemsch (Lübeck section), various authors (other sections) Aurich • Lower Saxony State Archives – State Archives of Aurich ..... Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv – Staatsarchiv Aurich Berlin • Secret Central Archives Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation ............................................................................... Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz Bremen • Archives of the Chamber of Commerce of Bremen ................ Archiv der Handelskammer Bremen • Bremen State Archives ............................................................... Staatsarchiv Bremen

393

412

446 448

Emden • Municipal Archives Emden ........................................................ Stadtarchiv Emden

451

Flensburg • Municipal Archives Flensburg ................................................... Stadtarchiv Flensburg

454

Greifswald • Municipal Archives Greifswald ................................................. Stadtarchiv Greifswald • State Ofce for Culture and the Preservation of Monuments, State Archives Greifswald ...................................................... Landesamt für Kultur und Denkmalpege, Landesarchiv Greifswald

458

464

x

contents

Hamburg • Library of Commerce of the Hamburg Chamber of Commerce ................................................................................ Commerzbibliothek der Handelskammer Hamburg • State Archives of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg .................................................................................. Staatsarchiv der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg

475

479

Hannover • Lower Saxony State Archives – Main State Archives of Hannover ............................................................................ Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv – Hauptstaatsarchiv Hannover

497

Kiel • Municipal Archives Kiel ............................................................ Stadtarchiv Kiel

507

Lübeck • Archives of the Hanseatic Town of Lübeck ............................. Archiv der Hansestadt Lübeck

511

Neustadt in Holstein • Archives of the Superintendency Oldenburg in Holstein ........ Archiv des Kirchenkreises Oldenburg i. H.

723

Rostock • Archives of the Hanseatic Town of Rostock ............................ Archiv der Hansestadt Rostock • Rostock University Library ........................................................ Universitätsbibliothek Rostock

724 736

Schleswig • Schleswig-Holstein State Archives ............................................ Landesarchiv Schleswig-Holstein

738

Schwerin • State Ofce for Culture and the Preservation of Monuments, Main State Archives Schwerin ............................................... Landesamt für Kultur und Denkmalpege, Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin

743

xi

contents Stade • Lower Saxony State Archives – State Archives of Stade ....... Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv – Staatsarchiv Stade

748

Stralsund • Municipal Archives Stralsund .................................................... Stadtarchiv Stralsund

764

Wismar • Archives of the Hanseatic Town of Wismar ............................ Archiv der Hansestadt Wismar

769

Index .....................................................................................................

771

Volume II Latvia by Krlis Zvirgzdiš Riga • Latvia State Historical Archives ................................................ Latvijas Valsts Vstures Arhvs

787

Lithuania by Rima Cicnien, Rasa Narbutait, Leokadija Olechnovi et al. Vilnius • Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences ...................... Lietuvos Moksl Akademijos Biblioteka • Lithuanian State Historical Archives ......................................... Lietuvos Valstybs Istorijos Archyvas • Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania ................. Lietuvos Nacionalin Martyno Mažvydo Biblioteka

877 890 895

xii

contents

the Netherlands by Edda Frankot and Hanno Brand Alkmaar • Regional Historical Centre Alkmaar .......................................... Regionaal Historisch Centrum Alkmaar

901

Amersfoort • Eemland Archives ....................................................................... Archief Eemland

904

Amsterdam • City Archives Amsterdam .......................................................... Stadsarchief Amsterdam

907

Arnhem • Guelders Archives ....................................................................... Gelders Archief

994

Assen • Archives of Drenthe ................................................................... 1003 Drents Archief Bergen op Zoom • Regional Historical Centre Bergen op Zoom ........................... 1008 Regionaal Historisch Centrum Bergen op Zoom Brielle • Regional Archives Voorne-Putten and Rozenburg .................... 1011 Streekarchief Voorne-Putten en Rozenburg Delft • Municipal Archives Delft ........................................................... 1012 Gemeentearchief Delft Deventer • Town Archives and Athenaeum Library Deventer ................... 1024 Stadsarchief en Athenaeumbibliotheek Deventer

contents

xiii

Dordrecht • Town Archives Dordrecht ......................................................... 1039 Stadsarchief Dordrecht Elburg • Regional Archives Northwest-Veluwe: location Elburg .......... 1060 Streekarchivariaat Noordwest-Veluwe: locatie Elburg Gouda • Regional Archives Middle-Holland .......................................... 1066 Streekarchief Midden-Holland Groningen • Groningen Archives ................................................................... 1067 Groninger Archieven Haarlem • Archives of North-Holland: location Jansstraat ....................... 1075 Noord-Hollands Archief: locatie Jansstraat • Archives of North-Holland: location Kleine Houtweg ........... 1088 Noord-Hollands Archief: locatie Kleine Houtweg Harderwijk • Regional Archives Northwest-Veluwe: location Harderwijk ... 1094 Streekarchivariaat Noordwest-Veluwe: locatie Harderwijk Harlingen • Municipal Archives Harlingen .................................................. 1100 Gemeentearchief Harlingen ’s-Hertogenbosch • Brabant Historical Information Centre ..................................... 1106 Brabants Historisch Informatie Centrum Hoorn • Westfriesian Archives ................................................................ 1107 Westfries Archief Kampen • Municipal Archives Kampen ..................................................... 1135 Gemeentearchief Kampen

xiv

contents

Leeuwarden • Historical Centre Leeuwarden ................................................... 1146 Historisch Centrum Leeuwarden • Tresoar, Friesian Historical and Literary Centre ..................... 1147 Tresoar, Fries Historisch en Letterkundig Centrum Leiden • Regional Historical Centre Leiden ........................................... 1195 Regionaal Historisch Centrum Leiden Maastricht • Regional Historical Centre Limburg ........................................ 1213 Regionaal Historisch Centrum Limburg Middelburg • Zeeland Archives ....................................................................... 1214 Zeeuws Archief Nijmegen • Regional Archives Nijmegen .................................................... 1258 Regionaal Archief Nijmegen Purmerend • Waterland Archives .................................................................... 1263 Waterlands Archief Roermond • Municipal Archives Roermond ................................................. 1276 Gemeentearchief Roermond Rotterdam • Municipal Archives Rotterdam ................................................. 1279 Gemeentearchief Rotterdam The Hague • National Archives of the Netherlands ...................................... 1307 Nationaal Archief Utrecht • The Utrecht Archives ................................................................ 1520 Het Utrechts Archief

contents

xv

Venlo • Municipal Archives Venlo ......................................................... 1532 Gemeentearchief Venlo Vlissingen • Municipal Archives Vlissingen ................................................. 1533 Gemeentearchief Vlissingen Workum • Municipal Archives Nijefurd ..................................................... 1558 Gemeentearchief Nijefurd Zierikzee • Municipal Archives Schouwen-Duiveland ................................ 1564 Gemeentearchief Schouwen-Duiveland Zutphen • Town and Regional Archives Zutphen ..................................... 1572 Stad- en Streekarchief Zutphen Zwolle • Historical Centre Overijssel ...................................................... 1579 Historisch Centrum Overijssel Index .................................................................................................... 1591

Volume III Poland by Stanisđaw Flis et al. Cracow • Jagiellonian Library ................................................................... 1607 Biblioteka Jagielloska Elblag • Cyprian Norwid Library in Elblag ........................................... 1612 Biblioteka Elblska im. Cypriana Norwida

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Gdansk • Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Gdansk ......... 1615 Biblioteka Gdaska Polskiej Akademii Nauk • State Archives in Gdansk .......................................................... 1629 Archiwum Pastwowe w Gdasku Olsztyn • Archives of the Archdiocese of Warmia .................................. 1755 Archiwum Archidiecezji Warmiskiej • State Archives in Olsztyn .......................................................... 1759 Archiwum Pastwowe w Olsztynie Poznan • Poznan University Library ........................................................ 1761 Biblioteka Uniwersytecka w Poznaniu • Raczynski Library—Special Collections Department .............. 1766 Biblioteka Raczyskich—Dzia Zbiorów Specjalnych • State Archives in Poznan .......................................................... 1769 Archiwum Pastwowe w Poznaniu Slupsk • Pomeranian Pedagogical Academy Library .............................. 1772 Biblioteka Pomorskiej Akademii Pedagogicznej Sopot • Library of the University of Gdansk ....................................... 1774 Biblioteka Uniwersytetu Gdaskiego Szczecin • Central Library of Szczecin University ................................... 1777 Biblioteka G ówna Uniwersytetu Szczeciskiego • Pomeranian Library ................................................................... 1779 Ksi nica Pomorska • State Archives in Szczecin ........................................................ 1785 Archiwum Pastwowe w Szczecinie Torun • Nicholas Copernicus Municipal Library .................................. 1818 Wojewódzka Biblioteka Publiczna w Toruniu—Ksi nica Kopernikaska

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State Archives in Torun ............................................................. 1823 Archiwum Pastwowe w Toruniu University Library in Torun ...................................................... 1831 Biblioteka Uniwersytetu w Toruniu

Warsaw • Central Archives of Historical Records ................................... 1837 Archiwum G ówne Akt Dawnych • National Library ......................................................................... 1857 Biblioteka Narodowa • Warsaw University Library ....................................................... 1866 Biblioteka Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego Wroclaw • Library of the Ossolinski National Institute ............................ 1874 Biblioteka Zak adu Narodowego im. Ossoliskich

Russia by Kersti Lust and Tatjana Shor St. Petersburg • Central State Historical Archives of St. Petersburg ................    

   ! ". #  $% • Russian Academy of Sciences Library ..................................... &$ a 'o  ( ) • Russian National Library .......................................................... '* )+  * &$  • Russian State Archives of the Navy ........................................ ' 

 ! 012 • Russian State Historical Archives ............................................. ' 

   ! • Science-Historical Archives of the St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences ................ ) -  ! " -#  $%%    '  ( )

1883

1907 1914 1925 1928

1932

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Sweden by Örjan Romefors et al. Gothenburg • Göteborg University Library: Manuscript Department ............ 1951 Göteborgs Universitetsbibliotek: Handskriftsavdelningen • Gothenburg Maritime Museum ................................................. 1953 Göteborgs Sjöfartsmuseum • Regional Archives in Gothenburg ............................................ 1954 Landsarkivet i Göteborg Härnösand • Regional Archives in Härnösand .............................................. 1973 Landsarkivet i Härnösand Jönköping • Göta Court of Appeal ................................................................ 1981 Göta Hovrätt Lund • Regional Archives in Lund ....................................................... 1984 Landsarkivet i Lund Malmö • Malmö City Archives ................................................................ 2008 Malmö Stadsarkiv Stockholm • Maritime Museum ...................................................................... Sjöhistoriska Museet • Military Archives of Sweden .................................................... Krigsarkivet • National Archives of Sweden ................................................... Riksarkivet • National Library of Sweden ...................................................... Kungl. Biblioteket • Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Centre for History of Science ................................................................. Kungl. Vetenskapsakademien, Centrum för Vetenskapshistoria

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Stockholm City Archives .......................................................... 2234 Stockholms Stadsarkiv

Uppsala • Regional Archives in Uppsala .................................................. 2248 Landsarkivet i Uppsala • Uppsala University Library, Manuscripts and Music .............. 2254 Uppsala Universitetsbibliotek, Handskrifts- och Musikenheten Vadstena • Regional Archives in Vadstena ................................................. 2259 Landsarkivet i Vadstena Visby • Regional Archives in Visby ...................................................... 2282 Landsarkivet i Visby Index .................................................................................................... 2307

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Volume I Denmark Illustration 1. Two volumes of the Sound Toll Registers, 1734, drawn up at Helsingør (Elsinore, Denmark). Danish National Archives (Copenhagen): “Sound Toll Administration 1497–1858” (reference code: 571) ..................................................

66

Illustration 2. Sound Toll Register of 1734 (ff. 9v–10r), listing Dutch ships passing Helsingør (Denmark) on April 8. Danish National Archives (Copenhagen): “Sound Toll Administration 1497–1858” (reference code: 571) ..................................................

81

Estonia Illustration 3. Detail of a map of Saaremaa (Ösel) Island and the coastal regions of Estonia, 1704, depicting Kuressaare (Arensburg) and other ports, as well as churches, manors, pubs, mills, land and shipping routes, lighthouses, and dangerous shelves and rocks, by Philip Johan Jaquez. Estonian Historical Archives (Tartu): “Mapping Ofce of Livland Guberniya” (reference code: 308), inventory 2, no. 28 ....................................

185

Illustration 4. Plan of the town hall square in Narva (Estonia), 1693, indicating the proposed building site of a stock exchange for foreign merchants (built in the years around 1700 but never used for this purpose). Estonian Historical Archives (Tartu): “Narva Town Council” (reference code: 1646), inventory 1, no. 3556 ............................................................................................

197

Finland Illustration 5. Map of the Baltic Sea and the surrounding regions, 1532, by the Bavarian scholar Jacob Ziegler (1470–1549), who seems to have never visited northern Europe and drew the map based on a meeting with Scandinavian prelates at Rome and pure imagination. National Library of Finland (Helsinki): “A.E. Nordenskiöld Collection”, no. 313:8 ....................................

308

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list of illustrations

Illustration 6. Map of southern Sweden and Finland, printed in 1747 at Stockholm, probably based on a secret and stolen map produced by the Swedish land surveying ofce from c. 1704. National Library of Finland (Helsinki): “National Collection”, no. I 2/27 ..........................................................................................

314

Germany Illustration 7. Extract from the Brunshausen (northwest Germany) customs register, listing skippers from the Netherlands transporting snuff on the Elbe River, 1726. Lower Saxony State Archives – State Archives of Stade: “Secret Council in Hannover Concerning the Duchies of Bremen and Verden (1715–1803)” (reference code: Rep. 31), Tit. 43, no. 1a .............

754

Illustration 8. Detail of a map of the Elbe River between Hamburg and the sea, with a Dutch remonstration against Hamburg concerning free shipping on the river, 1622. Lower Saxony State Archives – State Archives of Stade: “Maps Collection”, “neu” no. 10101 ..........................................................

763

Volume II Latvia Illustration 9. View of a ship at Ventspils (Latvia), mid-17th century, by Johann Streck, symbolising the ourish of shipbuilding in the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia under Duke Jacob (1642–1682), partly with the help of Dutchmen. Latvia State Historical Archives (Riga): “Dukes of Courland Archives” (reference code: 554), inventory 1, no. 850d (5) ........

808

Illustration 10. Map of Riga, its surroundings and the Daugava River, depicting efforts to regulate the shifting course of the river. Latvia State Historical Archives (Riga): “Maps and Plans Collection” (reference code: 6828), inventory 2, no. 94 ..............

836

Illustration 11. View of the shipyard of Christoph Raawe on the Daugava River, one of the few attempts to develop shipbuilding at Riga, c. 1786, by Johann Andreas Oesen (1762–1804). Latvia State Historical Archives (Riga): no. 214–6 / 311a (17) ....................................................................

870

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Lithuania Illustration 12. Privilege of Alexander, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, granting the residents of Vilnius the right to freely trade within the entire territory of Poland and exempting them from all trade duties, 1502. Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences (Vilnius): “Parchment Collection B1” (reference code: F 1), no. 35 ...............................

883

Illustration 13. Privilege of Alexander, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, permitting the construction of houses in Vilnius for merchants from abroad, 1505. Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences (Vilnius): “Parchment Collection B1” (reference code: F 1), no. 43 ...............................

887

the Netherlands Illustration 14. Sketch of a tombstone, probably for Paulus Pels, resident in Gdansk (Danzig) on behalf of the Dutch States General, who died in Gdansk in 1659. National Archives of the Netherlands (The Hague): “Boreel Family” (reference code: 1.10.10), no. 327 ................................................................... 1359 Illustration 15. Details of several maps, depicting aspects of trade in the Baltic Sea region, including commodities such as grain and fur, and a view of Stockholm, late 17th or 18th century, mostly produced by Johannes van Keulen at Amsterdam. National Archives of the Netherlands (The Hague): “Department of Marine, Sea Atlases and Maps Collection” (reference code: 4.MCAL), nos. 663, 695, 697, 701–703, 708, 709 .................................................................. 1384 Illustration 16. Letter of Tsar Peter the Great to the Dutch States General, 1697, announcing the arrival of a Russian mission in the Netherlands, which includes Peter himself travelling incognito to acquire knowledge of Dutch crafts such as shipbuilding. National Archives of the Netherlands (The Hague): “States General, 1550–1796” (reference code: 1.01.03), no. 7366 ........................................................................... 1496

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Volume III Poland Illustration 17. Description and view of Stockholm, c. 1623, from a chronicle of the Polish-Swedish wars by Israell Hoppe (1626–1635). State Archives in Gdansk: “Elblag Town Manuscripts Collection” (reference code: PL/10/492), no. 654 ... 1638 Illustration 18. Agreement concluded at Lübeck in September 1557 by delegates from 63 Hanseatic towns and sealed by the representatives of the Hanseatic League districts, Lübeck, Braunschweig (Brunswick), Cologne (Köln) and Gdansk, reconrming previous obligations and rights of the League members, such as common protection of trade routes, expenses for diplomatic missions and defence against enemies. State Archives in Gdansk: “Gdansk Town Records—Privileges and Correspondence until 1525” (reference code: PL/10/ 300/D), no. 27,47 ............................................................................ 1720 Illustration 19. Swedish gunboat (part of the Swedish blockade of the harbours of Gdansk and Pillau?), 1628, from a travel account by Abraham Boot who was part of a Dutch diplomatic mission to the Polish court at Warsaw during the Polish-Swedish war in 1627–1628. State Archives in Gdansk: “Manuscript Collection” (reference code: PL/10/1016), no. 58 ........................................................................ 1737 Illustration 20. View of the Kronborg Castle at Helsingør (Elsinore, Denmark) on the Sound, 1627, from a travel account by Abraham Boot who was part of a Dutch diplomatic mission to the Polish court at Warsaw during the Swedish-Polish war in 1627–1628. State Archives in Gdansk: “Manuscript Collection” (reference code: PL/10/1016), no. 58 ........................................................................ 1739 Illustration 21. Bird’s-eye view of Pillau (Baltijsk) harbour (Kaliningrad (Königsberg) region in Russia), depicting Swedish, Dutch and Danish ships, 1627, from a travel account by Abraham Boot who was part of a Dutch diplomatic mission to the Polish court at Warsaw during the Swedish-Polish war in 1627–1628. State Archives in

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Gdansk: “Manuscript Collection” (reference code: PL/10/1016), no. 58 ........................................................................ 1741

Sweden Illustration 22. Account book listing taxes levied in the administrative province of the Padis monastery in Estonia, 1592. National Archives of Sweden (Stockholm): “Baltic Bailiffs’ Accounts” (reference code: SE/RA/5142), no. F 375 .... 2055 Illustration 23. Plan of Karlskrona (Sweden’s largest shipyard), 18th century, depicting the navy’s harbour and the ropewalk in the south and the customs house in east (section H). National Archives of Sweden (Stockholm): “Collection of Maps and Drawings of Unknown Provenance” (reference code: SE/RA/81001), no. 129 ........................................................ 2211 Illustration 24. Passport issued on 24 June 1698 by the mayor and council of Tallinn (Reval) to the merchant Johan Alberti, travelling rst to Stockholm and next to Hamburg and Amsterdam, with a note at the bottom stating that Alberti arrived at Vaxholm in the Stockholm archipelago six days later. Stockholm City Archives: “Governor’s Ofce” (reference code: SE/SSA/15705), no. F1 A: 2 .............................. 2236

POLAND

Poland by Stanisaw Flis, Dariusz Ganczar, Micha Kulecki, Pawe Piat, Jarosaw Zawadzki, Anna Òazarek, Romualda Piotrkiewicz, Monika Proniewicz and Wiesaw Szczuczko JAGIELLONIAN LIBRARY Biblioteka Jagielloska Craco wwww.bj.uj.edu.pl

Graphic and Cartographic Collections Record group Graphic and Cartographic Collections Zbiory graczne i kartograczne Reference code : ATL (atlases), M (maps), I (prints) Period : 1500–2005 Extent : 46919 cartographic items, 50246 graphic items Abstract This rich collection, resulting from various acquisitions, contains atlases, maps, street plans and prints, including panoramas.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1575–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : French, Latin, Low German, Russian

All three types of materials include relevant pieces: atlases depict coasts, maps and plans cover countries and ports, and prints also show views of ports. ATLASES (all nos. start with ATL/): •

• • • • •

II/16–18, 1798; IV/210, 213; V/5, 10–13, 31, 42, 43, 57, 59: Atlas of Europe containing maps of the Baltic Sea, by C. Ptolemeus, J. Homann, F. de Witt, J. Schneider, J. Hoffman and J. Bruyset, 1511, 1610–1806. IV/211; V/27: Atlas containing maps of Belgium and the Netherlands, 1603–1623, 1733–1791. IV/252: Atlas of Poland and Lithuania, 1793. V/21, 32, 58: Atlas containing maps of Russia, a plan of St. Petersburg and a map of part of Finland, 1745, 1770–1811. V/33: Atlas containing maps of Denmark and Sweden, 1570–1807. V/34: Atlas containing maps of Mecklenburg, Western Pomerania, Royal Prussia and the Duchy of Prussia, 1773–1807.

MAPS AND PLANS (all nos. start with M/): • • • • • • • • • •

20/1–2: Maps of the coast of the Netherlands and the Friesian Islands, 1600. 20/3, 15; 23/11: Plans of Antwerp, 1794–1800. 20/33, 15; 23/1: Plans of Amsterdam, 1680. 22/1, 2; M 23/11: Plans of Copenhagen, eighteenth century. 22/3–5, 16: Maps of the Kingdom of Denmark and the coast of Jutland, 1658, 1739, 1789. 23/2: Map of the Baltic Sea with harbours and fortresses marked, 1741–1742. 23/3–4, 8–9: Maps of the Kingdom of Sweden and the Grand Duchy of Finland, 1776. 23/10: Map of Finland, Estonia and Courland, 1776–1800. 23/11: Plan of Stockholm, eighteenth century. 26/16: Map of Western Pomerania including Szczecin and Mecklenburg, 1761–1762.

jagiellonian library • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • •

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26/35, 36, 115: Plans and panoramas of Stralsund and Wismar, 1690–1715, 1720. 35/1, 20, 23–25, 35, 66, 147, 176: Maps of Russia and the Baltic coast, 1562, 1739, 1750, 1753, 1781, 1800. 35/5, 22, 63; 51/8, 10–12, 17, 19: Maps of Livonia, Courland and Finland, 1585, 1634, 1650, 1720, 1751–1800. 35/9, 12, 13, 33: Plans of St. Petersburg, 1703, 1803. 36/601: Map of Poland and Pomerania, by A. Ortelius, 1574. 46/1–8, 10, 13, 15, 16, 32; M 40/11: Maps of Royal Prussia and the Duchy of Prussia, by A. Ortelius, C. Henneberger, J. Danckerst, N. Visscher, J. Hoffman, J. Endersch, D. Funck, M. Seutter, L. Chodzko and S. Suchodolski, 1584–1585, 1629, 1638, 1657–1658, 1677, 1701, 1725, 1730, 1758, 1772, 1800. 46/9: Maps of Royal Prussia and dominions of the towns of Gdansk and Elblag as well as the Baltic Sea coast, by P. Vanderer, 1711–1739. 46/20, 155: Plans and panoramas of the town of Elblag, by G. Bodenholz, 1711. 46/21: Plans of Königsberg (Kaliningrad), by G. Bodenholz, late eighteenth century. 46/63: Map of Western Pomerania, 1792. 46/64: Map of Wolin Island and the Pomeranian coast, 1659. 46/65; M 26/35: Plans of Szczecin (Stettin), 1659, 1690–1710. 50/2, 5–7, 12, 13, 15, 16, 48, 49: Maps of Lithuania, 1589, 1619, 1636, 1650, 1658, 1706, 1749–1750, 1757, 1770. 51/2, 4, 5, 21: Maps of Courland, 1677, 1690, 1740, 1747. 51/20: Map of the surroundings of Riga, by J. Hartknoch, 1791.

PRINTS OR GRAPHICS (all nos. start with I/): •

• • • •

2331, 5109–5148: Panoramas and other views of Gdansk and the town’s social and street life, by G. Braun, Ph. Abelin, M. Deisch, 1575, 1643–1738. 3695, 3739, 3934, 15097, 15590, 23716: Panoramas of Amsterdam, 1600–1730. 15125, 21663: Panoramas of Lübeck, 1650, 1701. 23775: Panorama of Copenhagen, 1720. 23831, 23832: Panoramas of Riga, 1701–1730.

Accessibility Card indexes of the graphic collections (marked as “I”) and cartographic collections (marked as “M” or “ATL”).

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Custodial history The materials derive from the Jagiellonian University in Cracow (founded in 1364), the town council, collections of university professors and deeds of private persons. Visually attractive Most pieces are printed and coloured. Related materials • • • • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Gdansk Maps and Plans Collection (reference code: PL/10/300/MP). Elblag Town Manuscripts Collection (reference code.: PL/10/492). Nicholas Copernicus Municipal Library in Torun: Cartographic Collection. National Library in Warsaw: Cartographic Collection.

Publications •

Z dziejów kartograi. Mapy Poudniowego Batyku, ed. M. Stelmach (Szczecin, 1997).

Manuscript Collection Record group Manuscript Collection Zbiór rkopisów Reference code : Rkp Period : 1345–2005 Extent : 28992 items Abstract This collection is of a varied nature and includes for instance: commentaries on the bible, theological treatises, town law codes, sermons and lectures, medical treatises and textbooks, treatises on history, astronomy and mathematics, merchants’ and skippers’ notes regarding trade, a treatise on the trade of Gdansk, a history of Elblag town and a description of its privileges, copies of records from archives in Italy and Austria, and notes and correspondence of Cracow University’s professors. Manuscripts are marked according to the date of acquisition.

jagiellonian library

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1461–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Latin, Low German, Polish

Relevant items include the following (all nos. start with Rkp/): •

• • • • • • •

20/39 (7364/I): History of Elblag town from the thirteenth to seventeenth centuries, a description of its privileges, conditions of the capitulation of Elblag in 1698, and notes regarding families of Elblag merchants, 1750. 1/52: Law code of the town of Gdansk, 1597. 36/52: Treatise regarding the trade of Gdansk, 1629. 39/52: History of Gdansk, by Reinhold Curricke, 1679. 62/52: History of Gdansk since 1522, by S. Bornbach, 1526. 355/69: Correspondence of the Ledochowski family regarding Gdansk, 1777–1803. 282/93: Merchants’ and skippers’ notes regarding trade in corn, herring and wood ash in Gdansk, 1461–1465, 1480. 1886: Maritime atlas of the world, by B. Agnese, 1540.

Accessibility There are several card indexes. In addition, the following printed inventories are available: • • • • •

Jabrzykowska, A., and J. Zathey, Inwentarz rkopisów Biblioteki Jagielloskiej nr 6001–7000 (Cracow, 1962). Jabrzykowska, A., and J. Zathey, Inwentarz rkopisów Biblioteki Jagielloskiej nr 7001–8000 (Cracow, 1966). Bandura, W., and A. Jabrzykowska, Inwentarz rkopisów Biblioteki Jagielloskiej nr 8001–9000 (Cracow, 1971). Grzybowska, J., Inwentarz rkopisów Biblioteki Jagielloskiej nr 9001– 10000 (Cracow, 1977). Grzybowska, J., Z. Koziski, M. Malicka and Z. Pietrzyk, Inwentarz rkopisów Biblioteki Jagielloskiej nr 10001–11000 (Cracow, 2002).

Custodial history The manuscripts gathered in this collection are mostly related to activities of the Jagiellonian University departments from the fourteenth century up to

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the present. The materials chiey originate from the legacies of Jagiellonian University professors and collections of noble families. The collection also includes manuscripts of the liquidated Jesuit College in Cracow. Related materials • • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Elblag Town Records (reference code: PL/10/369/1). Elblag Town Manuscripts Collection (reference code: PL/10/492).

Publications •

Kamolowa, D., and K. Muszyska, Zbiory rkopisów w bibliotekach i muzeach w Polsce (Warsaw, 1988).

CYPRIAN NORWID LIBRARY IN ELBLAG Biblioteka Elblska im. Cypriana Norwida Elblag www.bibliotekaelblaska.pl

Historic Collections Record group Historic Collections Zbiory zabytkowe Reference code : M, A, Ma (maps, atlases); Rps, Rkps (manuscripts) Period : 1327–2006 Extent : 57000 items Abstract The historic and special collections of the Elblag Library have developed from the book collections of the municipal library and the library of the

cyprian norwid library in elblag

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gymnasium in Elblag. These collections contain manuscripts, old prints, music, cartographic prints, bookplates and graphics, including rare editions of the bible and medieval Latin manuscripts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1559–1773 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : French, Latin, Low German, Russian

Relevant materials are to be found among the manuscripts, atlases and maps, and drawings and prints. MANUSCRIPTS • • • •

Rkps. 21, 35: Rules for the lottery in Elblag, 1744. Rkps. 32: History of a conict with the town of Gdansk, 1577–1587. Rps. 551–III, XVI.1: Chronicle of the Prussian lands, “Historia Rerum Prusicarum”, by Caspar Schutz, 1559, 1595. Rps. 711–II: Historic description of the town of Elblag from the fteenth to the seventeenth century and the war between Gdansk and the kingdom of Poland, and of Elblag in 1577, sixteenth to seventeenth centuries.

ATLASES AND MAPS •

• • •

•

A-100–III, A-194–II, A-225–Ii: Atlases of the world and Europe, containing maps of Poland, Lithuania, Prussia, Sweden, Denmark and Germany, by Berolini and J. Schreiber, 1700–1773. M-123: Map of Royal Prussia and the Ducal Prussian territory, by G. Henneberger, 1595. A-124–V: Map of the territory of Schleswig-Holstein, by M. Petersen, 1652. A-164–IV, A-165–IV, A-171–IV: Plans of various fortresses and towns, including Göteborg (Uddevalla), Drottingholm, Stralsund and Narva, 1670–1704. A-111–III: Plan of Amsterdam and its fortifications, by W. Blaeu, 1623.

DRAWINGS AND PRINTS (all nos. start with G/): •

G-78, 79: View of the St. Nicholas Church in Elblag, by J. Endresch, 1736.

1614 • • •

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G-84: View of the re at the New Town in Elblag, by J. Endresch, 1738. G-88: Panorama of Elblag town, 1737. G-89–91: Plans of the Granary Island and the Old Town of Elblag, 1635–1740.

Accessibility Digital and card catalogues. Record creator / provenance In 1601, a library was established and housed at Elblag Gymnasium. It was founded from a grant given by the Municipal Council of the town of Elblag to the Gymnasium chancellor, Jan Mylius. Between 1709 and 1721 the library acquired precious book collections, manuscripts and incunabula from the former Dominican monastery in Elblag. In 1735 the Municipal Council issued an order according to which anyone granted any municipal ofce was obliged to pay a certain amount of money for the benet of the Library or to fund a book not yet in the Library holdings. The Municipal Council of the town of Elblag decided to transform the Library into a Municipal Library functioning alongside the Elblag Gymnasium in 1821. In 1846 the Library was nationalized and the statutes of the Municipal Library were granted as well. In 1915 the Library moved to new premises: the building of a former customs ofce. Due to the war activities of 1945, the seat of the Library was destroyed and the most valuable parts of the incunabula, manuscripts and old prints were lost. In 1947 the State National Council decided to hand over the old prints from the Library in Elblag to the National Library. Additionally, the Minister of Recovered Territories ordered the authorities of Elblag to transfer books from various Elblag libraries to the University Library in Torun. During the rst years after World War II, the Elblag Library collection became dispersed. In 1950 the municipal library was given a new building, and in 1975 the Provincial Library was created. In 1979 the Public Provincial Library gained a new seat, to be supervised by the local authorities of Elblag from 1999. The City Council named the library after Cyprian Kamil Norwid, one of the most famous Polish poets. Custodial history The book collections of the Municipal Library (Stadtbibliothek), the Gymnasium Library in Elblag and the library of the Dominican monastery, all in Elblag, are the core of this historic collection. Because of damages to

library of the polish academy of sciences in gdansk

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the library buildings, the State National Council decided to transfer the old prints to the National Library and the University Library in Torun. These materials were only returned from the University Library in Torun and the Baltic Institute in Gdansk to Elblag between 2000 and 2002. Visually attractive The collection includes various relevant printed and coloured maps. Publications • •

Zbiory zabytkowe Biblioteki Elblskiej. Informator, ed. A. Kowalczyk (Elblag, 2006). Zbiory zabytkowe Biblioteki Elblskiej. Materiay z sesji Naukowej zorganizowanej w Bibliotece Elblskiej 24 listpada 2006 roku, ed. W. Dugokcki (Elblag, 2006).

LIBRARY OF THE POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES IN GDANSK Biblioteka Gdaska Polskiej Akademii Nauk Gdansk www.pan.gda.pl

Cartographic Collection Record group Cartographic Collection Zbiory Kartograczne Reference code : B (atlases), C (maps) Period : 1545–2006 Extent : 9872 items

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Abstract This cartographic collection contains atlases and maps of the world, Europe and Poland including the Baltic Sea coast. Also included are maps of countries surrounding the Baltic Sea and of the coastline of the Netherlands, and maritime atlases from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1545–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, French, High German, Latin, Low German

Relevant are various maps (partly in atlases) and plans of the Baltic and North Sea regions and ports: ATLASES •

•

•

•

B/840; B I/1, 3, 7, 23, 24, 29, 57, 58, 81, 95; B II/1, 4–16, 22, 23; B III/9, 31, 32, 45–48, 73, 75, 76–79, 80–82, 154; B IV/13–16, 17, 18, 21, 30, 35–37, 39, 41, 43, 44, 47, 48; B V/10, 11: Atlases of the world and of Europe containing maps of the Baltic Sea coast and countries surrounding the Baltic Sea: Denmark, Sweden, Germany, Western Pomerania, Poland, Prussia, Lithuania and Courland, and also of the coastline of the Netherlands, by S. Munster, A. Ortelius, C. Ptolemeus, G. Mercator, C. Blaeu, H. Jaillot and M. Zeiller, 1545–1800. B/103, 156, 157, 205, 264, 366, 394, 610; B III/33: Atlases of Europe containing maps of the Baltic coast and of the Netherlands, including plans of ports, such as Szczecin, Gdansk, Elblag and Amsterdam, 1572–1730. B/155, 156, 168, 344, 355–357, 476, 669, 854; B V/4: Maritime atlases of the world and of Europe containing maps of the Baltic Sea coast and the Netherlands, by J. Bellin and P. Mortier, 1589–1794. B/155, 156, 333, 334, 521; B II/111: Maritime atlases of the Baltic Sea, by P. Gedda, G. Keulen and F. Akrel, 1591–1816.

MAPS •

C I/643, C II/568: Maps of Europe and the Baltic Sea coasts of Denmark, Sweden, Germany, Western Pomerania, Poland, Prussia, Lithuania, Courland and Finland, 1700 and 1743.

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1617

C I/573, C II/1310, C III/140, C III/492: Maritime maps of the Baltic Sea coasts of Denmark, Sweden, Germany, Western Pomerania, Poland, Prussia, Lithuania, Courland and Finland, 1693, 1776 and 1782. C II/155, C II/671: Maps of the Finnish bay (Gulf of Finland?), 1730 and 1751. C I/571, 593; C II/ 565, 793, 1504: Maps of Scandinavia, 1690–1784. C II/679: Map of South Scania in Sweden, eighteenth century. C II/749, C II/1485: Maps of Sweden, seventeenth to eighteenth centuries. C II/189, 541, 731, 1307, 1479; C III/127, 1477: Maps of Livonia and Courland, 1690, 1733 and 1747 C I/698; C II/101, 111, 119, 122, 187, 188, 626, 635, 987, 1615; C III/143: Maps of Poland and Lithuania, 1650–1796. C I/15, 27, 28, 1517, 540; C II/3, 103, 104, 116, 702, 1151, 1201: Maps of Prussia and Royal Prussia, 1589–1798. C I/13, 1423; C II/1031, 1231, 1468: Maps of the Hel Peninsula, Gdansk Bay and Puck Bay, 1600, 1696, 1720 and 1790. C I/708, 1131; C II/112–113, 442, 105–108, 110, 236, 706, 858, 865: Maps of Western Pomerania and Mecklenburg, 1637–1792. C I/594; C II/175, 299, 429, 491, 578, 633, 665, 666, 1508, 1509, 1514; C III/463: Maps of Denmark, 1675–1799. C I/577, 735; C II/381, 731, 772: Maps of the Friesian islands and the Dutch coast, 1677, 1750 and 1781–1782 C I/643; C II/512, 587, 708, 768, 780, 1111: Maps of the Netherlands, seventeenth to eighteenth centuries. C II/439, 813; Maps of Flanders, 1694 and 1700.

TOWN PLANS • • • • • • • • •

C I/722, C II/1087: Plans of Copenhagen, 1659 and 1750. C II/539: Plan of Gothenburg (Göteborg), 1729. C II/1513: Plan of Stockholm, eighteenth century. C I 403–404: Plans of St. Petersburg, 1703 and 1744. C I 822: Plan of Pillau (Baltijsk), 1750. C I/347, C I/461, C II/1201: Plans of Königsberg (Kaliningrad), 1650, 1750 and 1763. C I/211, 497, 885, 886, 911; C II/177, 178: Plans of Elblag, 1626– 1750. C I/1, 2, 6, 7, 9, 15, 30, 34–37, 46, 74, 496, 645, 937; C II/8, 57, 1057; C III/255, 424: Plans of Gdansk and the town’s territory, 1687–1796. C I/51, 53, 714; C II/26, 1067; C III/218, 219, 494, 495: Plans of the fortress Wisloujscie and the entrance to Gdansk (Danzig) harbour, 1690–1790.

1618 • • • • • • • • • • •

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C I/470, C II/1527: Plans of Szczecin, 1650 and 1736. C I/961, C II/1007: Plans of Stralsund, 1715 and 1750. C I/392: Plan of Lübeck, 1750. C I/239; C II/384, 797, 904: Plans of Bremen and the town’s territory, 1650, 1700 and 1764. C I/328–330: Plans of Hamburg, 1730 and 1750. C I/213: Plan of Altona, 1750. C II/656: Plan of Emden, 1730. C I/212, 1004: Plans of Amsterdam, 1650 and 1750. C I/314, C II/1111: Plans of The Hague, 1616 and 1750. C I/216, C II/296: Plans of Antwerp and the town’s territory, 1650. C I/477: Plan of Ostend, 1700.

PANORAMAS OF PORTS AND TRADING TOWNS IN ATLASES AND MAPS Denmark • • • • •

B B B B B

116: Aalborg, 1730. 116: Helsingør, 1730. 14, 15, 210, 259, 840: Copenhagen, 1590 and 1683–1729. 210: Nyborg, 1729. 116: Odense, 1730.

Sweden • B/210: Malmö, 1729. • B/14, 15, 88, 210, 259, 375, 840: Stockholm, 1590, 1678–1729. Russia • •

C I/348, C II/155: Kronstadt, 1750. C II/465: St. Petersburg, 1734.

Latvia • •

B/79, 88, 89, 146, 194, 210, 610: Riga, 1616–1686. B/170, 264: Klaipeda (Memel), 1684 and 1704.

library of the polish academy of sciences in gdansk

1619

Prussia • • • • •

B/170: Balga, 1684. B/3, 88, 89, 79, 119, 146, 170, 194, 264, 331; C I/347; C II/103: Königsberg (Kaliningrad), 1616–1704. B/170, 194, 264: Pillau (Baltijsk), 1652, 1684 and 1704. B/170: Heiligen Beil (Mamonovo), 1684. B/170: Labiau (Polesk), 1684.

Royal Prussia • • • •

B/170, 264: Braniewo, 1684 and 1704. B/3, 146, 170, 194, 210, 264: Elblag, 1626–1704. B/170, 264: Frombork, 1684 and 1704. B/3, 88–89, 119, 135, 170, 194, 210, 264, 610; C I/6, 37; C II/4: Gdansk, 1572–1734.

Western Pomerania • • • • • • • • • •

B/470: Dabie, 1618. B/470: Darlowo, 1618. B/470: Goleniow, 1618. B/470: Kamien Pomorski, 1618. B/194, 470, 554: Kolobrzeg (Kolberg), 1618, 1652 and 1738. B/470: Leba, 1618. B/79, 146, 194, 205, 210, 470: Szczecin, 1616–1659. B/194: Swinoujscie, 1652. B/470: Trzebiatow, 1618. B/470: Wolin, 1618.

Germany • • • • • • • • •

B/470: Bergen (Rügen), 1618. B/119, 194: Bremen, 1652 and 1767. B/90, 91: Emden, 1616. B/116: Flensburg, 1730. B/194, 470: Greifswald, 1618 and 1652. B/119, 194, 374; C I/328–330; C II/186: Hamburg, 1632–1740. B/194, 470; C I/392; C II/186: Lübeck, 1632, 1652 and 1740. B/85, 89, 119, 194: Rostock, 1610–1652. B/116: Schleswig, 1730.

1620 • • • • •

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B/148, B/470: B/470: B/194: B/194;

194, 470; C II/ 1007: Stralsund, 1614–1715. Ueckermünde, 1618. Usedom, 1618. Wismar, 1652. B 470: Wolgast, 1618 and 1652.

The Netherlands • • • • • • • • • • •

B/90, B/14, B/90, B/90, B/90, B/90, B/90, B/89, B/90, B/90, B/90,

91: Alkmaar, 1616. 90–91, 363; C I/212; C II/781, 1104: Amsterdam, 1616–1740. 91: Arnemuiden, 1616. 91: Brouwershaven, 1616. 91, C II/781: Dordrecht, 1616 and 1621. 91, C II/781: Groningen, 1616 and 1621. 91: Haarlem, 1616. 91, C I/314: The Hague, 1616, 1630 and 1740. 91: Kampen, 1616. 91, 840: Rotterdam, 1590 and 1616. 91: Zwolle, 1616.

Flanders • • •

B/90, 91, 146; C II/781: Antwerp, 1616, 1621 and 1641. B/90, 91: Bruges, 1616. B/90, 91; C I/477: Ostend, 1616 and 1740.

Accessibility Printed catalogues are found in: • • •

A. Bertling and O. Günther (eds.), Katalog der Handschriften der Danziger Stadtbibliothek, Vols. 1–5 (Gdansk, 1903–1921). M. Pelczar, Mapy i plany uaw Wilanych w zbiorach kartogracznych Biblioteki Gdaskiej Polskiej Akademii Nauk (Gdansk, 1992). Z. Szopowska, Plany Gdaska, Oliwy, Sopotu i Gdyni w zbiorach kartogracznych Biblioteki Gdaskiej Polskiej Akademii Nauk (Wrocaw, 1958).

A geographical card index is available in the reading room.

library of the polish academy of sciences in gdansk

1621

Custodial history The Gdansk library was created as the library of the town council. The basis of the library holdings was a collection of 1140 books gathered by Italian humanist Jan Bernard Bonifacio, which was given to the town of Gdansk in 1591. After World War II, when the Library was taken over by the Polish authorities, the newly appointed director, Marian Pelczar, began to make efforts to regain items taken out of the country during the war. When the Polish Academy of Sciences was created in 1955, the scientic department of the Municipal Library of the town of Gdansk was included into its structure. Currently, the holdings of the Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Gdansk contain about 900,000 volumes, including atlases, maps and plans. Visually attractive The collection includes coloured printed maps. Copies Digital photos and microlms of the collection are available. Publications •

•

Pelczar, M., “Dziea kartograczne dotyczace Batyku w zbiorach Biblioteki Gdanskiej Polskiej Akademii Nauk”, in: M. Stelmach (ed.), Z dziejów kartograi. Mapy Poudniowego Batyku (Szczecin, 1997). Szeliga, J., Rozwój kartograi Wybrze a Gdaskiego do 1772 roku (Wrocaw, 1982).

Manuscripts Collection Record group Manuscripts Collection Zbiory Rkopisów Reference code : Ms Period : 1000–2005 Extent : 87091 items

1622

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Abstract The manuscripts collection of the library of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Gdansk contains manuscripts dating back to the tenth and eleventh centuries. The items gathered in this collection mainly regard the foreign and domestic affairs of the town, including law, trade, shipping and wars, but religious and musical manuscripts are included too. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1450–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, High German, Latin, Low German

Relevant with regard to shipping, trade and diplomatic relations are a large number of items: MANUSCRIPTS OF THE LIBRARY ITSELF •

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2–4, 11–13, 22, 23, 90, 130–132, 134, 162, 163, 544, 676, 678, 685, 704, 712, 725, 742, 745, 750, 831–836, 985–988, 1069, 1106, 1384, 1793, 1818: Copies of documents and privileges regarding trade, taxes, navigation, municipal law, excises and religion, granted to the town of Gdansk (Danzig) by the kings of Poland, correspondence and agreements between the Polish kings and Gdansk, and documents regarding the war between the town and the Polish king, 1455–1790. 12, 1256: Statutes and notes concerning Elblag’s mint, 1631 and 1676. 23, 737, 1202: Copies of privileges regarding freedom of trade, taxes and shipping granted to Gdansk by the Kings of Denmark, 1537, and documents regarding the history of Polish-Danish relations in the Baltic Sea, 1537, 1637–1638 and 1675. 23: Fishing privileges in the Baltic Sea granted to the Cistercian monastery at Oliwa and a conrmation of the privilege, 1599. 23, 52, 58, 1201–1204, 1206, 1208–1215, 1220–1226, 1260–1279, 1281–1288, 1290–1293, 1295, 1301–1304, 1306–1308, 1437–1577: Histories of Prussia by Ch. Fischer, G. Mehlmann and J. Böttcher, notes and excerpts on history and wars, the Prussian diplomatic codex, and privileges granted to Prussia by the kings of Poland, 1186–1790. 33, 34, 135, 136, 716: Foreign correspondence of the Gdansk town council, 1700–1790.

library of the polish academy of sciences in gdansk • •

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1623

35, 38, 41, 498, 946–950b, 969: Chronicle of St. Mary’s Church in Gdansk from 1342 to 1666, by E. Bötticher (1669), 1640–1769. 42, 43, 48, 53–57, 59–75, 81–84, 672, 683, 751–753, 755, 768, 824, 867, 868, 909–914, 970, 990, 1057, 1110, 1117, 1072, 1206, 1397: Histories of Gdansk, by G. Schroeder, G. Tiedemann, C. Schuetz, A. Willenbrock, S. Bornbach, St. Grau, M. Behm and R. Curicke, 1526–1750. 59, 66, 538–540, 545–547, 549–558, 560, 672, 680, 711, 740, 748, 823, 826, 1203: Treaties on Gdansk trading issues and documents regarding Dutch trade with Russia, 1630, trade between Gdansk and Poland, Prussia, France, the Netherlands and Zealand, banking, trade in copper, salt, wine, wood and ash, salt storehouses in Königsberg (Kaliningrad), the Dutch ofce in Gdansk, Gdansk trade statistics of 1707–1713 and 1754–1794, tables of ships’ entries and exits at Gdansk harbour between 1782 and 1784, Gdansk harbour customs duties tariffs, the customs ofce, and correspondence of merchants of Gdansk regarding customs duties and lists of prices, 1460–1800. 87, 821, 971: Documents regarding Bishop Stanislaw Karnkowski’s Maritime Commission for the town of Gdansk located in Elblag, privileges regarding shipping, taxes and sea trade to Königsberg, and correspondence with Polish kings regarding the war between Gdansk and Poland, 1568–1626. 120, 971: Chronicle and notes regarding the Russian siege of Gdansk, 1716 and 1734. 145–150: The Gdansk town chronicle edited by Rubach, Rubach’s Danziger Monatliche Samlung, 1773–1793. 151–153, 855: Journals and notes from Gdansk, including notes made by Dutch envoy Jac. Ross, and journals from travels to Germany and the Netherlands, 1768–1793. 190–198, 200–253, 255–258, 260–264 266, 267, 270–272, 274–299, 302, 303, 306–319, 372–375, 377, 386, 387, 389–392, 399–401, 702, 710, 722–724, 742–745, 748, 749, 763, 792, 812, 813, 820, 828, 830, 897, 900a–e, 902, 1101: Municipal laws of Gdansk, statutes, regulations regarding trade, shipping and the defence of the town, customs, maritime laws, statutes for merchants and sailors, resolutions, and minutes of the town council, 1300–1782. 402–410: The Gdansk Court of Assessor’s rulings regarding trade in herring and corn, taxes and duties, 1521–1792. 411, 685, 740, 882, 1535: Documents regarding excise duties and other duties, trade in corn, beer, wine and salt from Halle, tariffs on goods exported and imported from and to Poland, 1616–1720 and 1761. 562–565, 706, 739, 2297: Documents regarding monetary matters of the town of Gdansk, exchange rates, weights and measures used in trade in

1624

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France, England, the Netherlands, the Rhineland and Gdansk, 1512–1564, 1595–1604 and 1700–1790. 566–567: Regulations regarding the construction of ships and boats, and a dictionary called “Ship-Construction Terminology”, 1670. 582–583, 708, 724: Statutes and privileges of the stallholders’ guild, statutes for corn surveyors, regulations and statutes regarding stallholders from the towns of Elblag and Königsberg and their mutual relations, 1623–1680 and 1746. 595, 596, 899: Documents concerning the Wisloujscie fortress and its maintenance, the garrison at the fortress, artillery inventories, wood deliveries, soldiers’ hire and court cases, 1725–1751 and 1775–1778. 685, 747, 879, 1218: Documents regarding the Dutch fraternity’s bench at Arthur’s Court in Gdansk, includes statutes, lists of members and a funeral fund, and documents concerning other fraternities and merchants at Arthur’s Court, including regulations and rules for merchants, sailors and shipowners, 1514–1770. 704, 822, 887, 888: Ecclesiastical statutes and regulations concerning Hel peninsula and town, and a description of the territory and town, 1623 and 1752–1755. 708, 714, 724, 734, 747, 748: Maritime law, directions and statutes for merchants and sailors, and documents regarding sea freights, 1466– 1695. 724: Copies of privileges granted by the kings of Poland to Elblag regarding the freedom of trade, taxes and shipping, 1526 and 1587. 734: Documents regarding the entries of ships and passengers in the region of the Vistula River mouth, and the deepening of the waterways, and passports, 1620–1741. 737: Documents concerning the occupation of Königsberg by Swedish troops, 1648. 740: Regulations regarding trade, harbour cranes, shipping, harbour dues, weights and measures, losses of ships and goods, the Dominican Fair and the maintenance of fortications, includes a description of the entry into the internal harbour of Gdansk on the Motlawa River by Ephraim Strakwitz, 1635–1703. 872–875: Documents regarding the bankruptcy court case of merchant Gotthilf Wernicke, 1760–1772. 905: Regulation regarding weights, 1585. 919: Regulations regarding loans, 1721, 924–925a: Notes and travel journals of Gdansk ofcials travelling to Brussels, Antwerp, Rotterdam, Delft, Amsterdam, The Hague, Haarlem, North-Holland, Hamburg, Altona and Lübeck, includes drawings of coins, 1657–1767.

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1625

942, 942a, 943–945, 1254, 1255a–1256: Documents regarding the Gdansk mint, its maintenance, the minting of coins, the purity of gold, and monetary treatises, 1566–1703. 971: Copies of the Gdansk bonds of 1523 for the repurchase of ships in possession of the Danish, documents concerning the Maritime Commission for Gdansk in Elblag chaired by bishop Stanislaw Karnkowski, and correspondence with the Polish kings regarding the war between Gdansk and Poland, the siege of the Wisloujscie fortress and the blockade of Gdansk harbour, 1570–1577. 1012: Correspondence between Gdansk and the king of Prussia regarding the blockade of Gdansk harbour by Prussian troops, 1784. 1079, 1096: Regulations regarding bills of exchange, usury, customs duties, brokers, sh markets and sh sellers, 1569, 1664–1702 and 1732. 1099: Regulations regarding the excise on beer, lists of excise payers and bills, 1632–1749. 1204: Records regarding the Polish-Swedish War and the defence of the town of Gdansk against the Swedish troops, 1654–1660. 1229–1239, 1538: Minutes of the proceedings of the Prussian regional diet, 1506–1767. 1256: Notes and documents regarding the sailing to the Dutch East Indies and the Dutch East India Company, 1655–1670. 1264: Chronicle of Königsberg (Kalliningrad) and documents regarding the mints of the duchy of Prussia, 1547–1595. 1316, 1439: Chronicles of the town of Elblag by F. Herzberg, 1698– 1706. 1358: Documents concerning the occupation of the town of Pillau (Baltijsk) by Swedish troops, 1626. 1636, 1637: Chronicles of Western Pomerania and Mecklenburg, containing descriptions of towns and privileges, including Szczecin, 1557–1737. 1504–1508, 1530, 1554, 1555: Chronicles and notes on Polish history, 1520–1726. 1558: Diplomatic correspondence between Sweden and the Hanseatic towns of Livonia and Courland, as well as Gdansk and Elblag, 1601–1635, 1651 and 1655–1656. 1617: Documents regarding minting matters in Europe (Germany, Poland and Prussia), a mint in Hamburg, the maintenance and minting of coins, the purity of gold and monetary treatises, 1623–1669. 1648, 1649: Certied copies of privileges granted to the Hanseatic towns by England and Flanders and statutes of the Hanseatic trading ofce in Lund, 1566–1690.

1626 • • • • • • • •

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1651: Copy of the correspondence between the town of Lübeck and Sweden, sixteenth century. 1651a: Agreement between Denmark, Poland and the town of Lübeck, 1564. 1652: Correspondence with the Republic of the Seven United Provinces of the Netherlands, including the province of Groningen, 1590–1606. 1666, 1667: Privileges and charters issued by the kings of Poland for Courland and Livonia, notes and extracts, 1595–1738. 1819: Municipal law codes, extracts from municipal regulations and copies of privileges granted to Königsberg by the Polish kings, 1420–1541. 2303, 2304, 2307: Handbooks and notes about the basics of economy and trade, 1750–1800. 2489: Chronicle of Gdansk containing a description of the topography, statistics, buildings and harbour, 1797. 2774: Price calculations for goods imported to Gdansk from various towns, including Amsterdam, Bremen, Hamburg, Copenhagen, Lepaja (Lipawa), Lübeck, Rotterdam and Szczecin, 1795.

MANUSCRIPTS OF THE KARL GOTFRIED ORTMANN LIBRARY •

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Ortm. Fol. 7, 55: Privileges regarding the harbour and customs duties granted to Gdansk by King Stefan Batory of Poland, 1585, recommendations of legal experts concerning the freedom of shipping, and documents regarding the navigation problems from Puck harbour, 1585 and 1702. Ortm. Fol. 24: Deeds and minutes of the Maritime Commission chaired by Bishop Stanislaw Karnkowski, 1570. Ortm. Fol. 25, 47, 48: Copies of municipal nancial ofce books and annual accounts of the town of Gdansk, 1678–1679 and 1757–1758. Ortm. Fol. 43, 88: Orders regarding taxes and the customs ofce of Gdansk, 1552, 1601–1717 and 1746. Ortm. Fol. 64, q.22: Matters and monetary orders regarding the mint of Gdansk and notes on monetary issues in Poland and Prussia, 1665–1672. Ortm. Fol. 75: Chronicle of St. Mary’s Church in Gdansk covering the period between 1342 and 1666 by E. Bötticher, 1708. Ortm. Fol. 19, 76, 93, q.13: Orders regarding weights, freights, customs, cargoes, brokers, and the maintenance of the entrance to Gdansk harbour, 1663–1750. Ortm. Fol. 77: Chronicle of Gdansk by St. Grau, 1691. Ortm. Fol. 43: Transcription of the correspondence between Gdansk and King Wladyslaw IV Vasa of Poland concerning sea customs duties, 1635–1637.

library of the polish academy of sciences in gdansk •

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1627

Ortm. Fol. 98: Regulations of the Prussian military authorities regarding navigation on the Gdansk harbour canal and waterways in the region of the Vistula River mouth, 1774. Ortm. Fol. 99: Maps of Prussia, the Vistula delta, the entrance to Gdansk harbour, and the Wisloujscie fortress, 1639, 1722 and 1753. Ortm. q.10: Regulations on the sh trade in Gdansk, 1675.

MANUSCRIPTS OF THE UPHAGEN FAMILY LIBRARY • •

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Uph. Fol. 18, 29: Chronicle of St. Mary’s Church in Gdansk covering the period between 1342 and 1666 by E. Bötticher, 1708. Uph. Fol. 26, 51, 85, 113–115, 157, 228, q.31: Notes and excerpts from records on the history of Prussia, Royal Prussia and Gdansk, copies of royal privileges granted to Gdansk, diplomatic correspondence with Poland, Sweden and Lübeck, maritime laws and regulations for sailors from Hanseatic towns and documents regarding the participation of Gdansk envoys in assemblies of the Hanseatic towns, 1457–1770. Uph. Fol. 31–32b, 147, 215: Excerpts from records and notes on the trade and shipping of Gdansk, 1570–1777. Uph. Fol. 31, 43, 66, 101, q.22: Municipal law codes and transcripts of the privileges granted to Gdansk by the Polish kings, 1568–1700. Uph. Fol. 33, 159–161: Treatises on monetary problems in Poland, Prussia and Gdansk, 1672 and 1792–1793. Uph. Fol. 45: Records and minutes of the Royal Maritime Commission in Gdansk, 1627–1628. Uph. Fol. 53: Files of court cases regarding disputes between merchants from Gdansk and Königsberg, 1690–1702. Uph. Fol. 57: Excerpts from records and notes regarding the towns of Hamburg, 1557, and Elblag, 1661. Uph. Fol. 109–112: Excerpts from reports from the meetings of the Hanseatic League, 1450–1524. Uph. Fol. 144: Description of the entrance to the internal harbour of Gdansk on the Motlawa River by E. Strakwitz, 1677. Uph. Fol. 167–170: Notes from journeys to Germany, Austria and the Netherlands containing descriptions of the towns and drawings by Ch. Fischer, 1732–1736.

MANUSCRIPTS OF THE ST MARY’S CHURCH LIBRARY • •

Mar. F 418, 419: Chronicle of St. Mary’s Church in Gdansk covering the period between 1342 and 1666 by E. Bötticher, 1708. Mar. Q 145: Chronicle of St. Mary’s Church in Gdansk, 1655–1666.

1628

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Accessibility A. Bertling and O. Günther (eds.), Katalog der Handschriften der Danziger Stadtbibliothek, Vols. 1–5 (Gdansk, 1903–1921). Przemysaw Szafran (ed.), Katalog rkopisów Biblioteki Gdaskiej Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Uzupenienia do sygnatur przedwojennych: Uzupenienia do tomów I–IV (Sygnatury 1–4258) (Wrocaw, 1988). Custodial history The Gdansk Library was created as the library of the town council. The basis of the library holdings was a collection of 1140 books gathered by Italian humanist Jan Bernard Bonifacio, given to the town of Gdansk in 1591. To it were added the collections of three famous Gdansk bibliophiles: Aleksander Glaser, an evangelical theologian, Kaspar Schutz and Henryk Lernke, both lawyers, as well as gifts from the Gdansk patriciate. When the Library was opened it contained 4000 items. In 1803 the book collection of Jakub Kabrun was added to the Library holdings and in 1898 the collection of the West Prussian Historical Association (Westpreussischer Geschichtsverein) was included, which contained historic books and magazines. Around 1872, the valuable collection of incunabula from the holdings of the Church of St. Peter and Paul was taken over by the Gdansk library. Other acquired collections include the music collections from the libraries of the Churches of St. John and St. Catharine, the medieval library of St. Mary’s Church, a valuable collection of historic books, among other things, related to Polish history and culture, gathered by the German historian Max Perlbach, the library of the Masons’ Lodge Eugenia and the library of Zappio-Jahannitan. After World War II, when the library was taken over by the Polish authorities, the newly appointed director, Marian Pelczar, began to make efforts to regain items taken out of the country during the war. When the Polish Academy of Sciences was created in 1955, the scientic department of the municipal library of Gdansk was included into its structure. Currently, the holdings of the Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Gdansk contains about 900,000 volumes, including atlases, maps and plans. Copies Scans, digital photos and microlms of the collection are available. Related materials •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300).

1629

state archives in gdansk • • • •

Gdansk Town Records—Bibliotheca Archivi (reference code: PL/10/300/ R). Elblag Town Records (reference code: PL/10/369,1). Records of the Municipal Council of Elblag (reference code: PL/10/369,2). Elblag Town Manuscripts Collection (reference code: PL/10/492).

Publications • •

Dzigielewski, R., Katalog rekopisów o tematyce morskiej w Bibliotece Gdaskiej Polskiej Akademii Nauk (Gdansk, 2004). Kamolowa, D., Zbiory rkopisów w bibliotekach i muzeach w Polsce (Warsaw, 1988).

STATE ARCHIVES IN GDANSK Archiwum Pastwowe w Gdasku Gdansk www.gdansk.ap.gov.pl

Benedictine Monastery in Zarnowiec Record group Benedictine Monastery in Zarnowiec Klasztor Cystersek, pó niej Benedyktynek w arnowcu Reference code : PL/10/942 Period : 1257–1819 Extent : 187 items, 1.0 metres Abstract The record group consists of privileges and copies of privileges, deeds, correspondence of the monastery administration, lists of monastery properties

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and conrmations of privileges and borders of landed property, as well as papers concerning economy and nancial issues, taxes, excise and customs, shermen and shing, and coastal defence. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1516–1788 : Germany, Poland, Sweden : Latin, Low German, Polish

Relevant papers are to be found among the privileges and copies of privileges, deeds and documents regarding nancial issues, and include the following (all nos. start with 942/): • •

100, 124, 201, 202: Copies of privileges of the Benedictine Monastery in Zarnowiec, with regulations of shing areas off the coast, 1516–1767. 171, 187: Papers concerning nancial issues of the monastery, dealing with taxes, excises, contributions, payments for coastal defence, shing off the coast and the shing trade, 1556–1788.

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance The Cistercian Monastery in Zarnowiec (north of Gdansk) was founded by a Pomeranian prince in the early thirteenth century as a part of the Cistercian estates in northern Poland. The monastery was liquidated in the sixteenth century, during the period of Reformation. The Benedictine Sisterhood from Chelmno became the new owner of the monastery buildings and land property. Like other Catholic monasteries, the monastery was closed and liquidated by the Prussian State in 1834. Custodial history The materials have been kept in the State Archives in Gdansk since 1901. After World War II, they were partly recovered from the destroyed building of the Archives. Related materials •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300).

state archives in gdansk

1631

Publications • • • •

Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku, (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Czapiewski, P., “Annales Monasteri Oliviensis Orde Cistersis”, in Fontes, Vol. XX (Torun, 1916–1919). D browski, P., Opactwo cystersów w Oliwie od XII do XVI wieku (Gdansk, 1975). Bär, M., Das Königliche Staatsarchiv in Danzig, seine Begründung, seine Einrichtungen und seine Bestände (Leipzig, 1912).

Cistercian Monastery in Oliwa Record group Cistercian Monastery in Oliwa Klasztor Cystersów w Oliwie Reference code : PL/10/940 Period : 1178–1829 Extent : 26 items, 0.6 metres Abstract The record group comprises privileges and copies of privileges, deeds, chronicles of the monastery from the twelfth to the sixteenth century, lists of the monastery properties, correspondence of the monastery administrations and papers concerning economic issues. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1450–1794 : Germany, Poland, Sweden : Latin, Low German, Polish

Relevant papers are to be found among the privileges and copies of privileges, deeds and chronicles of the monastery, and include the following (all nos. start with 940/): •

413, 426, 427: Copies of privileges of the Cistercian Monastery in Oliwa, with regulations on shing areas off the coast, and correspondence on the

1632

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borders of the monastery’s landed property, the fortress in Wisloujscie and Gdansk harbour, 1667, 1707–1794. 420–422: Chronicle of the Cistercian Monastery in Oliwa, 1170–1548.

Accessibility Inventory. The materials have to be consulted on microlm (nos. E-34444–34470). Record creator / provenance The Cistercian Monastery in Oliwa ( just north of Gdansk) was founded by a Pomeranian prince in 1170. It was one of the largest among the Cistercian estates in northern Poland and was the site of the negotiations and signing of the Swedish-Polish Peace Treaty in 1660. Like other Catholic monasteries in Prussia, the monastery was closed and liquidated by the Prussian State administration in 1831. Custodial history The materials have been kept in the State Archives in Gdansk since 1901. After World War II, they were partly recovered from the destroyed building of the Archives. Related materials • • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Elblag Town Manuscripts Collection (reference code: PL/10/492). Manuscripts Collection (reference code: PL/10/1016).

Publications • • • • •

Bär, M., Das Königliche Staatsarchiv in Danzig, seine Begründung, seine Einrichtungen und seine Bestände (Leipzig, 1912). Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Czapiewski, P., “Annales Monasteri Oliviensis Orde Cistersis”, in: Fontes, Vol. XX (Torun, 1916–1919). D browski, P., Opactwo cystersów w Oliwie od XII do XVI wieku (Gdansk, 1975). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

state archives in gdansk

1633

Elblag Town Manuscripts Collection Record group Elblag Town Manuscripts Collection Kolekcja rkopisów Elblskich Reference code : PL/10/492 Period : 1170–1943 Extent : 1736 items, 30.0 metres Abstract This collection includes: political and trade treaties and agreements; reports from meetings of the Hanseatic League; chronicles; descriptions of the history of Elblag, Gdansk, the Teutonic Order in Prussia and the Kingdom of Poland; copies of records related to the history of Elblag from archives in Berlin-Dahlem, Dresden, Gdansk, Königsberg (Kaliningrad) and Palermo; privileges of Pomeranian Princes, the Teutonic Knights and the Kings of Poland; codes of law from Prussia and Lübeck; town laws; administrative correspondence; diaries of diplomatic journeys; reports of the town council; lists of mayors, town ofcers and judges; lists of town citizens; and testaments. The collection also includes papers concerning: wars and Swedish sieges; occupations of the town and contributions; town fortications; sea trade; corn trade; the English trade company in Elblag and Königsberg; customs in Danish straits; customs and excise in Königsberg, Pillau (Baltijsk) and Elblag; harbour taxes; prices and measures; coin valuation and exchange; shipping on the Vistula River; nancial issues of the town council; guilds; religious controversies and disputes; church history; monasteries in Elblag and Gdansk; schools; hospitals; social assistance and relief; music and theatre; calendars; public buildings; Arthur’s Court in Elblag; villages and town territory; shing; and rent charges. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1450–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Latin, Low German, Polish

1634

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Relevant items include the following (all nos. start with 492/): •

•

•

•

• •

•

•

•

3, 4, 10, 11, 61, 70, 85, 90, 211, 251–259, 312, 314, 315, 323–326, 444–447, 455, 457 461–474, 540, 633, 646–648, 654, 654a, 661, 831–834, 893–899, 901–909, 912, 913, 950–952, 967, 968, 980, 981, 1205–1208, 1213, 1214, 1233, 1624: Historical descriptions of the town of Elblag, dealing with history, the harbour, fortications, architecture, economy and trade, by J. Amelung, J. Convent, J. Dewitz, J. Drabitz, Ch. Falck, M. Fuchs, S. Fuchs, I. Hoppe, C. Ramsey, W. Ruphson and Ph. Schrötter, 1230–1808. 5, 9, 20–22, 32, 34, 68, 127, 194, 241, 277, 451, 453, 458, 459, 464, 475, 476, 484, 484a, 516–519, 529–531, 629, 637, 646–648, 671–675, 695–698, 801, 835–863, 925–928, 957, 985–987, 1071, 1085, 1098, 1178, 1218–1222, 1230, 1235, 1238–1240, 1264, 1265, 1274, 1306–1310, 1343–1351, 1603–1605, 1677, 1689, 1717: Copies of privileges for Elblag; political and trade treaties; and papers concerning trade relations with Gdansk, 1237–1825. 5, 144, 145, 148, 151, 152, 287, 452, 454, 461, 502, 649, 651, 652, 654, 701, 1417–1441: Chronicles of wars and sieges of the town of Elblag by the army of the Teutonic Order in Prussia (1517–1521), the Swedish army (1626–1635, 1655, 1698, 1703) and the Russian army (1734, 1758), by J. Amelung, S. Fuchs, G. Gotsch, and I. Hoppe, 1237–1813; lists of armaments in the town armoury, and regulations of the Swedish occupational administration. 24, 38, 86–87, 128, 129, 193, 195, 199, 244, 248, 443, 446, 447, 508, 686, 687, 689–692, 697, 844, 854, 891, 925, 926, 1352–1371, 1717: Copies of records concerning shipping and sea trade issues, harbour customs and taxes, diplomatic and trade relations with the Hanseatic League, and nancial issues of the town council, 1246–1823. 27, 28, 72, 97, 446, 844: Financial records and bills of the town council of Elblag, 1530–1767. 29, 63, 131, 165, 196, 646, 683, 1177, 1597: Records and reports about Elblag’s trade with England and the Netherlands; papers concerning the British stock exchange; and privileges for foreign trade companies in Elblag, 1496–1720. 31, 159, 160, 168, 222, 243, 246, 446, 447, 591, 690, 839, 857, 1670: Copies of bills for customs payments in Königsberg and Pillau (Baltijsk), 1454–1730, 1754–1810. 62, 157, 166, 191, 192, 213, 218, 222, 447, 1136: Records and reports on Gdansk’s sea trade, customs in Gdansk harbour and shipping, 1424–1648, 1700–1799. 77, 82, 162, 174, 176–178, 180, 182, 240, 844, 848, 1223: Records and

state archives in gdansk

• • • • •

• • • • • • • •

•

• • •

1635

reports on the war between Gdansk and the Polish Kingdom in 1577; and papers concerning the participation and combat support of Elblag troops to the Polish army, 1526–1668. 81, 140: Records and reports on sea trade and customs in Danish straits, 1497–1800. 93: List of sailors in Elblag, 1598–1811. 112: Map of the Pillau Strait, and list of ships arriving at Pillau, 1594–1867. 113, 686, 1722: Records and notes on the corn trade through Elblag, 1614–1686, 1690–1795. 154, 161, 175, 268–271, 312, 316, 479, 493, 501, 532, 538, 572, 690, 691, 792, 844, 849, 919, 920, 1180, 1247, 1305, 1601, 1656: Reports and notes about the value of cargo, prices and coin valuations in Elblag, Gdansk, Prussia, Poland and the Baltic Sea region; papers concerning the mint in Elblag; designs and examples of coins from Elblag, Gdansk, Prussia, Poland, Germany, Sweden and other countries, 1238–1812. 155, 806: German sea law and shipping regulations, and the so-called Visby Sea Law, 1410–1639. 167: Copies of records related to the liquidation of the Hanseatic League trading ofce in Antwerp, 1572–1573. 172: Copies of correspondence related to the supply to Reval (Tallinn) of armaments and other war materials by Gdansk, 1575. 184, 686: Copies of records and notes about shipyards and shipbuilding in Elblag, 1581–1686. 185: List of Dutch members of the St. Martins Fraternity in Elblag, 1581–1625. 189: Notes about Dutch shipping to Elblag, 1583. 203: Description and plan of the town weighhouse in Elblag, 1783– 1852. 218, 839, 861, 1240, 1352–1371: Edicts against usury; note about the salt trade in Elblag; and papers concerning the import of salt from Halle in Germany, 1586–1827. 298, 299, 327, 437, 629, 1204, 1205: Historical descriptions of the town of Gdansk, dealing with history, economy and trade, by R. Curicke, E. Ferber and J. Frichtsnitcht, 1190–1684. 298, 299, 1133–1135, 1203: Judicial regulations and court cases from Gdansk, 1558–1717. 321: Notes on the history of Arthur’s Court in Elblag (1319–1786), by E. Dobbert. 439, 446, 528, 786, 1199–1202, 1223, 1224, 1229, 1244, 1245, 1265, 1628: Copies of diplomatic and trade correspondence of the town council of Elblag, 1481–1769.

1636 •

• •

•

• •

• • •

• • • • • •

• •

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443: Bills and nancial issues of merchants from Gdansk; papers concerning the shipping and sea trade of Gdansk, 1319–1786; regulations and privileges for Elblag market places and fairs, 1735. 443, 1236, 1237: Regulations and privileges for shermen in Elblag, 1550–1765, 1772. 446, 487, 509, 525, 526, 796, 837, 838, 840, 956, 1086, 1220, 1221, 1225, 1230, 1235, 1246, 1339–1342, 1625, 1668: Judicial regulations and court cases on trade issues in Elblag, 1237–1840. 502, 534, 648, 686, 690, 858, 891, 1119–1125, 1174, 1175, 1181, 1232, 1352–1371, 1590, 1603: Notes about Elblag ships and shipping, corn prices and the harbour in Elblag; list of imported and exported cargo, wine and beer, 1294–1818. 513: Records of and privileges for the guilds of sailors and ship carpenters in Elblag, 1640. 656, 659, 1203, 1204, 1210–1212, 1217, 1247, 1267–1273, 1599, 1600: Chronicles and descriptions of the history of Elblag, Gdansk, the Teutonic Order in Prussia and the Kingdom of Poland, 1170–1797. 806: Administrative regulations and town law of Königsberg, 1410– 1501. 864: Copies of records related to the Hanseatic League trading ofce in London, 1342–1554. 1061–1070, 1072–1084, 1087–1097, 1176, 1179, 1241: Regulations of the town council in Elblag on guilds, trade, taxes and shipping issues, 1537–1802. 1138: List of commanding ofcers in the fortress of Wisoujscie at the entrance to Gdansk harbour, 1523–1786. 1193: Report of inspection of the body of a deceased skipper by the town surgeon, 1688. 1228: Geographical observations of the Baltic Sea and the coastline of Hel Peninsula and Gdansk Bay, 1751. 1248: List of new citizens of the town of Elblag, 1700–1751. 1295–1300: Reports of the Prussian regional parliament, and diplomatic correspondence, 1440–1746. 1301–1305: Papers concerning Prussia and the Hohenzollern family; diplomatic and administrative regulations; diplomatic correspondence; papers concerning wars with Poland and Sweden; privileges and treaties; and correspondence with towns in Courland, Schleswig-Holstein and Königsberg (Kaliningrad), 1525–1700, 1736. 1311–1319, 1322–1335: Records on and privileges for the guilds in Elblag, 1532–1899. 1604: Reports on shipping catastrophes, 1500–1756.

state archives in gdansk •

•

1637

1642, 1648, 1679–1681, 1700: Bills, trade books, and trade contracts of merchants from Elblag, 1594, 1631–1633, 1643–1666, 1740, 1752–1757, 1778–1791. 1644: Documents concerning a snuff factory in Elblag, 1740, 1766– 1783.

Accessibility Inventory, published in: E. Morcinek, Inwentarz zbioru, rkopisy elblskie (Warsaw, 1967). Record creator / provenance This collection was part of the old archives of the Elblag town council. The manuscripts were collected for auxiliary purposes and served as reference records for the town council representatives. The main part of the collection contained chronicles of Elblag, Gdansk and Prussia and also copies of diplomatic, law and trade reports, and theological theses. Also included were deeds and private papers of deceased members of the town council and various collectors: J. Amelung, W. Behring, J.J. Conventa, D. Fuchs, G. Gotsch, A. Grübnau and others. Custodial history The materials were kept in the Town Archives of Elblag until 1944, when they were moved to western Germany. In 1946, they were transferred to the State Archives in Gdansk. Visually attractive The chronicles of the town of Elblag include manuscript coloured drawings. The collection also includes some maps and plans. Related materials • • •

Elblag Town Records (reference code: PL/10/369). Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Gdansk Town Records—Bibliotheca Archivi (reference code: PL/10/ 300,R).

Publications •

Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992).

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Ill. 17. Description and view of Stockholm, c. 1623, from a chronicle of the Polish-Swedish wars by Israell Hoppe (1626–1635). State Archives in Gdansk: “Elblag Town Manuscripts Collection” (reference code: PL/10/492), no. 654.

state archives in gdansk • • • • •

1639

Czaplicka, J., and W. Klesinska, Akta miasta Elblga. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970). Klesiska, W., “Archiwum miasta Elbl ga”, in: Rocznik Elblski, 1 (1961). Kupczyski, T., “Archiwum elbl skie”, in: Archeion, 17 (1948). Morcinek, E., Inwentarz zbioru, rkopisy elblskie, (Warsaw, 1967). Volckmann, E., Katalog des Elbinger Stadarchivs (Elblag, 1875).

Elblag Town Map Collection Record group Elblag Town Map Collection Kolekcja elblskich planów i map Reference code : PL/10/1151 Period : 1554–1941 Extent : 821 items Abstract This collection consists of maps and plans originating from various ofces in the town of Elblag (Elbing, east of Gdansk). The materials include general town maps as well as plans of districts, harbour and shipyards, technical plans of buildings and panoramas of Elblag from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1531–1783 : Germany, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands : Latin, Low German

Relevant materials include town plans, hydrographical and sailors’ maps, and plans of the harbour of Elblag and its entrance, of building in the harbour area and of shipyards. Part of the materials is printed; most items are coloured (all nos. start with 1151). •

1–1a, 7, 17–22, 24–34, 37–46, 773–774: Plans of Elblag and its harbour and fortications, by Bolz, I. Hoppe, Kretschmer, Amelung, Friderici and Manteuffel, 1633, 1635, 1641, 1642, 1645, 1649, 1660, 1696, 1703, 1706, 1709, 1735, 1738, 1753, 1764, 1782, 1785–1806.

1640 • •

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52, 110, 120, 261–268, 291: Plans of the harbour, buildings and places in the harbour, and the ofce of harbour pilots. 54–58: Panoramas of Elblag, by Andersch, Werner, Henneberger, Hampe and Amelung, 1554, 1741, 1750, 1765, 1780; mostly coloured and printed except for the panorama from 1554 which is a manuscript. 277–282: Plans of the reconstruction of the town weighhouse, by Friderici, 1785–1810. 325–327: Plans of the reconstruction of the stock exchange building, 1789–1790. 369, 373, 375, 396: Maps of the delta of the Vistula and Nogat Rivers and the seashore, 1745, 1792–1794. 399: Sailors’ maps, depicting the entrance to Elblag harbour by Pahlau, 1792. 766: Maps and geographical atlases of West and East Prussia and Lithuania, 1796–1802. 805: Panorama of Greifswald, 1659. 806: Design of the fortress of Anclamsche Fehrschantz near Peenemünde and Uznam Island (north of Szczecin), seventeenth century.

Accessibility Inventory (nding aid code: 10/1151). Visually attractive The collection includes many maps, plans and drawings, both in manuscript and print, and mostly coloured. Related materials •

Elblag Town Records (reference codes: PL/10/369,1 and PL/10/369,2).

Publications • •

Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Czaplicka, J., and W. Klesiska, Archiwum miasta Elblga. Przewodnik po zespoach 1242–1945 (Warszawa, 1970).

state archives in gdansk

1641

Elblag Town Records Record group Elblag Town Records Akta miasta Elblga Reference code : PL/10/369/1 Period : 1260–1772 Extent : 4109 items, 75.0 metres Abstract The record group comprises all kinds of materials pertaining to the town of Elblag: political and trade treaties and agreements; reports from meetings the Hanseatic League; chronicles and histories of Elblag, Gdansk, the Teutonic Order in Prussia and the Kingdom of Poland; privileges of Pomeranian princes, masters of the Teutonic Order in Prussia and the Kings of Poland; law codes of Elblag, Prussia and Lübeck; administrative and diplomatic correspondence; diaries of diplomatic journeys; reports of the town council; lists of mayors, town ofcers and judges; genealogical papers; lists of town citizens; and testaments. The collection also includes papers concerning a host of other subjects, such as: wars and Swedish sieges; the occupation of the town and contributions; town fortications; sea trade; corn trade; the presence of the English trade company in Elblag and Königsberg (Kaliningrad); customs in the Danish straits; customs and excise in Königsberg, Pillau (Baltijsk) and Elblag; harbour taxes; prices and measures; coin valuation and exchange; harbour privileges for Elblag; law regulations for the town and harbour; sea shipping from Elblag; shipping on the Vistula River; nancial issues of the town council; guilds; religious controversies and disputes; church history; monasteries in Elblag and Gdansk; schools; hospitals; social assistance and relief; music and theatre; calendars; public buildings; Arthur’s Court in Elblag; villages and the town’s territory; shing; and rent charges. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1450–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Latin, Low German

1642

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Relevant papers are to be found among the records of the town council as well as various town ofces (all nos. start with 369/1/). A: TOWN COUNCIL •

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• •

•

•

•

•

5–17, 196–223, 312–320, 378–426, 1295–1297, 1299–1306, 1308–1316, 1318–1325, 3972, 3973, 3977–3798, 4038–4052, 4078–4080: Town laws from Lübeck, town regulations, privileges for Elblag, harbour privileges, law regulations for the town and harbour, and diplomatic correspondence, 1237–1836. 18–111, 1206–1282: Reports from meetings and resolutions of the town council of Elblag on diplomatic, commercial, religious and administrative issues; judicial decisions on criminal cases and claims ensuing from property rights cases; papers of the appellate court; and legacy cases of merchant families from Königsberg (Kaliningrad) and Gdansk, 1424–1771. 131, 132: List and books of citizens from Elblag, 1415–1664, 1700– 1821. 131–195, 4036–4037: Correspondence on citizenship issues and certicates from the town court for foreigners who applied for town citizenship, including many merchants and sailors from Elblag, Königsberg, Pillau (Baltijsk), Gdansk and Braniewo, 1415–1821. 224–311: Papers concerning conicts between the town council of Elblag and guilds, the Polish royal garrison in Elblag and the kings of Poland on nancial, scal and payment issues; judicial cases and appeals; and copies of diplomatic correspondence with Königsberg and Warsaw, 1559–1593, 1700–1704, 1765–1770. 321–336, 1040–1048: Correspondence of the town council of Elblag on diplomatic and military issues; and papers concerning the occupation of Elblag by the Brandenburg-Prussian army, and political conicts between Prussia and Poland, 1657–1771. 427–465, 1294, 4053: Reports from meetings of regional Royal Prussian town representatives; reports from meetings of the parliament of the Polish Kingdom; proposals for scal changes; correspondence of Elblag representatives at the Polish royal court in Warsaw; and correspondence of Elblag with other towns, such as Tolkmicko, Gdansk, Königsberg, Lübeck and Riga, 1466–1770. 466–494: Papers concerning the town defence system, the town army, town and harbour fortications, the participation of the Elblag town army in wars with the Teutonic Order in Prussia, Sweden, Prussia and Russia, and war supplies for the town army and town fortications, 1520–1771.

state archives in gdansk • •

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1643

476: List of supplies for war ships of the Polish Royal Navy, 1635. 495–528, 610, 614–617, 649, 4054–4057: Correspondence of Elblag on trade issues with other states and territories, including Denmark, Prussia, Germany, Russia, Kurland, Sweden and West Pomerania; and correspondence with towns such as Stockholm, Tolkmicko, Gdansk, Königsberg, Lübeck, Riga and Szczecin, 1469, 1478–1770. 529–581, 4058: Correspondence of the town council of Elblag on diplomatic and military issues, and papers concerning the occupations of Elblag by the Russian Army and war supplies for the Russian Army, 1700–1765. 582–666, 4059, 4060: Correspondence of the town council of Elblag on diplomatic and military issues; papers concerning occupations of Elblag by the Swedish army, the defence of the town and harbour, legations from Elblag to Stockholm, sea shipping issues, the release of Elblag ships arrested in Gdansk in 1598, trade relations with Sweden, Swedish-Polish wars; correspondence on merchants from Pillau and Riga; and papers concerning negotiations with Sweden and supplies for the Swedish army, 1594–1712. 613, 619, 642: Correspondence on the coin valuation, foreign currency issues and the mint in Elblag, 1634–1636. 667–788, 790–807, 1055–1079, 4061, 4068–4070: Papers concerning economic and nancial issues of Elblag and town debts; reports of town ofcers on town debts issues; reports of meetings of town ofcers; budgets; payments of town debts; bonds and payments for corn; trade correspondence with Polish royal ofcers; and papers concerning war supplies (of armaments) from Sweden, 1554–1771. 1128–1174: Papers concerning sea trade and shipping issues; correspondence with kings of Poland and Royal Prussian towns on sea trade and shipping issues; law regulations concerning trade; papers concerning merchants’ trade relations, beer, salt and corn trade, and taxes for sailors and shipowners; concessions for shipbuilding; papers concerning controversies concerning trade and shipping issues, and the sea trade in salt from Halle through the harbour of Pillau; report about the history of sea shipping in Elblag since 1383; correspondence with the Prussian State on the salt trade from Halle; papers concerning controversies between the Shipowners’ Guild in Elblag and the Shipowners’ Guild in Königsberg; trade correspondence with Denmark; and correspondence with Hanseatic towns, including Lübeck, Gdansk and Braniewo, 1470–1770. 1171–1191: Correspondence on sea trade and shipping issues of the English Eastern Trade Company; correspondence with ofces of this company in London and Hamburg; privileges and rights of the company in Elblag; and reports on English shipping from Elblag, 1582–1639.

1644 •

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1192–1205, 4071–4077: Papers concerning taxes and customs, regulations and lists of taxes, and customs tariffs; correspondence with Denmark on customs tariffs in the Danish straits; and correspondence with Prussia on customs tariffs in Pillau, 1520–1760. 1283–1292: Outgoing correspondence of the town council of Elblag, 1690–1699, 1703–1708, 1721–1723, 1731–1732, 1737–1738, 1741–1742, 1752–1760.

B: TOWN OFFICES Polish Royal Representative in Elblag • •

1346, 1347: Correspondence between the ofce and Elblag, and records of court cases in legacy issues, 1605–1757. 1348–1374, 1408: Reports of mayors, and papers concerning taxes and payments of people who received citizenship of Elblag, 1659–1660, 1710–1711, 1721–1722, 1725–1749, 1752–1762, 1769.

Interior Financial Ofce •

1379–1782, 4082, 4083: Account books; budgets of the town; payments at the custom ofce from ships and cargo; papers concerning excise on the beer and wine trade, weekly fairs, the town weighhouse, harbour piers and cranes, reconstruction of the harbour canal, roadstead and municipal buildings, and the maintenance of fortications around the town and harbour; and reports of legacies, 1454–1466, 1500, 1530, 1532–1533, 1546–1551, 1553–1554, 1558, 1561–1563, 1565, 1576, 1579, 1582–1583, 1585, 1587, 1589–1591, 1594, 1596–1601, 1604, 1608–1613, 1615–1774.

Exterior Financial Ofce •

1905–1907, 1914–1927, 1931–2076: Reports of the board of the Exterior Financial Ofce; account books; budgets of the town; payments of customs and taxes from ships and cargo; and papers concerning the maintenance of the harbour canal and roadstead, 1602–1626, 1630–1674, 1676–1701, 1703, 1707–1731, 1734–1741, 1744, 1747–1753, 1755–1767, 1769–1773.

state archives in gdansk

1645

Fishermen’s Ofce •

2222–2325: Reports of the board of the Ofce; lists of ofcers; shing regulations; papers concerning contracts with shermen; and account books and bills, 1479–1481, 1485–1487, 1490–1772.

Customs Ofce •

•

•

2826–2863, 2906: Payments from ships and cargo; correspondence with the Polish royal court in Warsaw; pay-ledgers of customs and taxes in Elblag harbour, 1585–1607, 1612–1613, 1615–1772. 2864–2905: Lists of customs tariffs in Elblag harbour, 1594, 1597, 1599, 1611, 1613–1617, 1622, 1624, 1636–1637, 1641, 1643, 1645–1659, 1664, 1668, 1674, 1676–1677, 1686, 1694–1695, 1698–1701, 1706, 1708, 1710–1711, 1713–1716, 1719–1720, 1722–1723, 1733. 2908–2910, 4097–4099: Bilateral settlements and correspondence on customs payments for Elblag ships in the Pillau Strait; and report on the dea trade of the Polish royal court through Elblag harbour, 1457–1747.

Roadstead Board •

2911–2918: Papers concerning the maintenance and deepening of the harbour canal and roadstead; and bills for the deepening of the interior harbour waterways and the harbour canal, 1525, 1600–1602, 1669– 1773.

Town Court and Municipal Police Ofce (Wette) •

2911–2918, 2978–2987, 3969, 4100: Reports from court trials; civil and property cases of Elblag citizens; legacies; criminal cases; and papers concerning the supervision of the ofce of wholesale and retail trade, weekly fairs, guilds, regulations for Elblag merchants and foreign merchants, town citizenship, and the corn, linen, beer, cattle and food trade, 1531, 1541–1772.

War Commissary Ofce •

3066, 3008–3019, 4102, 4103: Inventories of war supplies, and armaments and ammunition in the town armoury; and bills and expenses for war supplies, 1417–1452, 1530–1750, 1762, 1767.

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Guilds •

3363, 3366, 3370, 3371: Privileges and rights of guilds in Elblag; correspondence between guilds and the town council; trade regulations in Elblag; controversies and correspondence between guilds in Elblag and guilds in Königsberg on the freedom of trade in Königsberg; privileges of merchants in Elblag; concessions; and protests against increasing taxes and excise, 1428–1698, 1700, 1728.

Beer Producers’ Guild in Elblag •

3387–3410, 3449–3461: Law regulations and rights concerning breweries; papers concerning the beer trade in Elblag and abroad; correspondence on beer export issues; and papers regarding taxes from breweries, 1625–1645, 1654–1656, 1664–1665, 1670, 1678, 1703, 1710, 1730, 1733, 1735–1753, 1762, 1770.

Merchants’ Guild in Elblag •

3584–3620, 3622–3631, 3636–3643: Law regulations and trade rights of Elblag; papers concerning trade in overseas goods; regulations for harbour cranes and the town weighhouse; town taxes; correspondence with merchants on trade and shipping issues; papers concerning losses in the salt trade and harbour depots; list of taxes for the storage of cargo in Elblag harbour; papers concerning controversies on sea shipping regulations, the salt, coffee, snuff and herring trade, and controversies between shipowners, sailors and merchants from Elblag and Königsberg, 1613, 1643, 1660, 1692–1693, 1702–1741, 1744, 1746–1753, 1755–1756, 1762, 1765, 1768, 1770.

Shipowners’ Guild in Elblag •

3650–3676: Law regulations and rights of the guild; royal privileges for sailors and shipowners; correspondence on sea trade and shipping issues; controversies concerning sea shipping regulations; controversies with shipowners from England, the Netherlands, Gdansk and Königsberg; list of carriage charges for sea shipping; controversies between shipowners and the Ship Carpenters’ Guild in Elblag; standards for shipping; lists of sailors with pecuniary penalties; lists and descriptions of types of ships; ship purchase contracts; inherited assets of sailors; lists of customs payments in the Pillau Strait; and papers concerning

state archives in gdansk

1647

taxes and ships arrested by the Russian army, 1590–1612, 1629, 1639, 1647, 1650–1665, 1668, 1675, 1681–1704, 1710, 1720. Fishermen’s Guild •

3677: Correspondence concerning a re in the shing harbour in Elblag, 1681.

Fish Traders’ Guild •

3689–3698: Law regulations and rights of the guild; papers concerning the sh trade; controversies between sh traders from Elblag and Braniewo, Gdansk, Tolkmicko and Königsberg; and court cases, 1635–1773.

New Town in Elblag •

•

3980–3984, 3993–4006: Town laws and privileges; controversies between the New Town and the Old Town of Elblag; and criminal and civil court cases, 1503–1774. 4007–4020: Financial issues, account books and bills, 1543–1564, 1567, 1570–1588, 1591–1592, 1648–1649, 1651–1652, 1656–1657, 1665–1666, 1668–1669, 1755–1756, 1760–1761, 1763–1764, 1772–1773.

Accessibility Inventory. The materials have to be consulted on microlm (nos. E-41981–46089). Record creator / provenance The town of Elblag was founded by the Teutonic Order in Prussia in 1237. It received Lübeck town law in 1246. In 1340, the Teutonic Order founded a new centre to compete with the Old Town: the New Town of Elblag. During the Thirteen Years’ War (1454–1466), between the Polish kingdom and the Order, Elblag (like Gdansk) chose the side of the Polish Kingdom and supplied the Polish royal army, whereafter the town became one of the main harbours of the Polish Kingdom. In 1478, the King of Poland granted a privilege reuniting the Old and New Town, with a common town council. During the Swedish-Polish Wars, Elblag was occupied twice by the Swedish army, from 1626 to 1636 and from 1655 to 1660. During those periods,

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Elblag was a very important supply harbour for the Swedish army. During the Northern War and in the eighteenth century, the town was occupied by the Russian Army three times: 1710–1712, 1733–1736 and 1758–1762. After the rst partitions of the Polish Kingdom, Elblag was incorporated into the Prussian State in 1772. The old town council was replaced by the Prussian Board in Elblag. Prussian regulations got rid of old town institutions like the old town council, town courts and town military guards. Most of their functions were taken over by the Prussian Royal administration. Custodial history The materials were kept in the Town Archives of Elblag until 1944, when they were moved to western Germany. In 1947, they were transferred to the State Archives in Gdansk. Related materials • • • • • • • • •

Elblag Town Records—Privileges and Charters (reference code: PL/10/368). Elblag Town Records—Prussian Board of Elblag (reference code: PL/10/369/2). Elblag Town Manuscripts Collection (reference code: PL/10/492). Elblag Town Map Collection (reference code: PL/10/1151). Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Gdansk Town Records—Bibliotheca Archivi (reference code: PL/10/300/ R). Merchants’ Guild in Elblag (reference code: PL/10/2222). Shipowners’ Guild in Elblag (reference code: PL/10/417). Ship Carpenters’ Guild in Elblag (reference code: PL/10/410).

Publications • • • • • •

Biernat, Cz., Archiwum Pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Czaplicka, J., and W. Klesinska, Akta miasta Elblga. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970). Klesiska, W., “Archiwum miasta Elbl ga”, in: Rocznik Elblski, 1 (1961). Kupczyski, T., “Archiwum elbl skie”, in: Archeion, 17 (1948). Morcinek, E., Inwentarz zbioru “Rkopisy elblskie” (Warsaw, 1967). Volckmann, E., Katalog des Elbinger Stadtarchivs (Elblag, 1875).

state archives in gdansk

1649

Elblag Town Records—Privileges and Charters Record group Elblag Town Records—Privileges and Charters Akta miasta Elblga—Przywileje i dokumenty Reference code : PL/10/368 Period : 1242–1799 Extent : 722 items, 4.0 metres Abstract The record group comprises: privileges and correspondence on economic, trade, political, religious and military issues regarding the old and new town of Elblag, Tolkmicko and Braniewo; privileges for villages and manors around Elblag; treaties and agreements between various towns; correspondence of the Elblag town council; trade privileges; correspondence on trade issues with England, Denmark, the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden and Russia; privileges for shermen; testaments and legacies; as well as papers concerning legal recommendations regarding privileges for Elblag by lawyers from France and Lübeck, reforms of the town administration, shipping, Polish-Swedish wars, contributions, taxes and excise, the town mint, churches and monasteries, the Reformation and guilds. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1457–1799 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Latin, Low German, Polish, Russian, various languages

Relevant items include the following (all nos. start with 368/): •

•

I: 84, 90; II: 128, 131, 144, 155, 203, 205, 209, 219, 242, 255; III: 96, 109, 135, 142; IV: 17, 27, 29; V: 7: Privileges for and correspondence of Elblag concerning trade, tax, excise and customs issues, 1480, 1484, 1540, 1549, 1566, 1569, 1580, 1636–1637, 1643, 1646, 1657, 1670, 1677, 1693, 1734, 1760. I: 111, 144; III: 43, 45, 65: Agreements and correspondence on trade issues between Elblag and the Hanseatic towns of Lübeck, Hamburg, Rostock, Stralsund, Wismar and Gdansk and the Hanse trade ofces in Novgorod and Bruges, 1502, 1509–1510, 1529, 1644.

1650 •

•

•

• •

•

poland

II: 63, 77, 132, 141–143, 151, 212, 213; III: 37, 38, 47, 50, 78, 103–106, 124, 129, 137; V: 3, 13, 14, 16, 17: Privileges for the old and new town of Elblag and their conrmations by the Kings of Poland, a privilege for the town to establish weekly markets, and papers concerning town laws, 1457, 1476, 1478, 1510, 1518, 1549, 1551, 1558–1559, 1562, 1567, 1576–1577, 1639, 1642, 1649, 1662, 1667, 1669–1670. II: 126, 202, 204; III: 67, 120; IV: 12, 25: Privileges for the town mint in Elblag, correspondence on money and weights and measures issues, and town bonds, 1531, 1538, 1596, 1635–1636, 1698. II: 208, 215, 296; III: 40, 69, 107: Privileges for shermen from Elblag, Tolkmicko and Braniewo, and correspondence on shing issues, 1491, 1531–1532, 1578. II: 218, 235; III: 120: Privileges and correspondence on customs and taxes in the harbours in Pillau (Baltijsk) and Elblag, 1645, 1649, 1661. II: 262; III: 118, 177, 178, 182; IV: 40: Privileges regarding shipping and the harbour in Elblag, regulations for shipping from Gdansk, Königsberg (Kaliningrad) and Braniewo to Elblag harbour and papers concerning the arrest of the ship Bär von Königsberg from Elblag in England and commissions for ship owners, 1636, 1700, 1799. III: 202, 205, 206, 209, 210, 297; IV: 36, 37: Privileges for Tolkmicko and their conrmations by the Kings of Poland, privilege for the town to establish weekly markets, and papers concerning town laws, 1552, 1569–1570, 1589, 1636, 1649, 1686.

In addition, relevant materials are to be found among the correspondence on trade issues with England, Denmark, the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden and Russia, and among the papers concerning shipping, Polish-Swedish wars, contributions, taxes and excise, and the town mint. Accessibility Inventory. The materials have to be consulted on microlm (nos. E-52290–53311). Custodial history This collection derives from the Elblag town council. When it was still kept at the Town Archives in Elblag, it also included privileges from Tolkmicko, Braniewo and villages in the Elblag territory, and papers of private persons.

state archives in gdansk

1651

The materials were kept in the Town Archives of Elblag until 1944. Thereafter, during World War II, they were moved to Western Germany, to be transferred to the State Archives in Gdansk in 1946. Visually attractive Some of the privileges and charters are visually attractive. Related materials • • • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Gdansk Town Records—Bibliotheca Archivi (reference code: PL/10/300/ R). Elblag Town Manuscripts Collection (reference code: PL/10/492). Elblag Town Records (reference code: PL/10/369).

Publications • • • • •

Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Czaplicka, J., and W. Klesinska, Akta miasta Elblga. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970). Klesiska, W., “Archiwum miasta Elbl ga”, in: Rocznik Elblski, 1 (1961). Kupczyski, T., “Archiwum elbl skie”, in: Archeion, 17 (1948). Volckmann, E., Katalog des Elbinger Stadtarchivs (Elblag, 1875).

Elblag Town Records—Prussian Board of Elblag Record group Elblag Town Records—Prussian Board of Elblag Akta Magistratu miasta Elblga Reference code : PL/10/369/2 Period : 1772–1945 Extent : 11452 items, 151.20 metres Abstract The record group includes: chronicles; descriptions of the history of Elblag; edicts and regulations of the King of Prussia related to political, juridical, commercial and shipping issues; administrative correspondence; lists

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of prices of corn; and bills and payments from the Elblag weighhouse. Furthermore, the materials include papers concerning: sea trade and shipping; the corn, ash, wood and canvas trade; harbour taxes; nancial issues of the town council; guilds; the reconstruction of landing piers in Elblag harbour; customs and excise in Pillau (Baltijsk) and Elblag; ash warehouses in Elblag harbour; cranes in Elblag harbour; the protection of sea trade by the Prussian Royal Navy; the protection of the harbour and town by the Prussian army; churches; schools; debts of the town council; and factories and industry. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1681–1800 : Germany, Poland, Russia, various countries : Low German

Relevant materials include the following items (all nos. start with 369/ 2/): •

•

•

• •

• • •

136a, 137, 142, 143, 640, 653, 659, 677, 932, 975, 989–991, 994–1001, 1034–1037, 1043, 1045–1049, 1054, 1060–1063, 2088–2090, 5200–5204, 5278–5298, 11418, 11465: Papers concerning the Town Financial Ofce and its law regulations, correspondence with the army, papers concerning taxes of emigrants, legacies and debts of the town council, and accounting books and bills, 1681–1682, 1772–1818. 709, 712: Papers concerning the maintenance of the harbour canal and the roadstead of Elblag harbour and the purchase and storage of wood for the reconstruction of landing piers, 1785–1800. 713, 838, 993, 1977, 1979, 1983, 1985–1987, 2019, 2022, 2023, 11451: Papers concerning the controversies related to trade and lease issues with merchants and shermen, commercial concessions and concessions to guilds, 1776–1806. 717, 725: Bills and payments of the Elblag weighhouse, 1773–1846. 1356, 1357, 1911, 1912, 6369–6373: Papers concerning the building of new market places and payments of markets to the nancial ofce in Elblag, 1773–1800. 1372–1375: Papers concerning ferries in Elblag harbour, 1715, 1773– 1791. 1501, 1502: Papers concerning ash warehouses in Elblag harbour, 1777–1796. 1714a, 1718, 1723, 1728–1735, 1738, 1741, 1751, 1754, 1757, 1776, 1777, 1781, 1782, 1895, 11422: Privileges for and correspondence with

state archives in gdansk

• • •

• • •

• • •

• •

• •

1653

guilds; papers concerning merchants, sh traders, the corn trade and taxes from breweries; and reports about the beer and liqueur trade, 1754, 1772–1831. 1895: Evaluation of merchants’ goods in stock in Elblag, 1780–1781. 1900–1902: Reports and information on Elblag commerce, and the ght against smuggling, 1784–1795. 1907–1909: List of corn prices, 1521, papers concerning the corn trade, and correspondence with the Prussian Army, 1700–1771, 1782–1795, 1822. 1917–1919: Papers concerning the canvas and linen trade, 1773–1800. 1925: Papers concerning the timber trade, 1794–1798. 1932, 1933, 1936–1939, 1956, 1959, 1961, 2012–2016: Papers concerning trade with Poland and Gdansk; reports about trade, customs and taxes; and papers concerning the organisation of trade and the customs system, 1772–1805. 1946, 1949: Papers concerning cranes in Elblag harbour, 1773–1821. 1957: Papers concerning the protection of sea trade by the Prussian Royal Navy, 1781–1783. 1992–1997, 2002–2009: Papers concerning the harbour in Elblag, harbour payments and taxes; the reconstruction and preservation of landing piers; and the main waterway to Pillau (Baltijsk); reports of the Harbour Building Ofce, 1777–1803. 2108–2114, 2116, 2117: Papers concerning taxes, excise and customs, correspondence on tax issues, 1772–1809. 2420–2429, 2439, 2463, 6867–6890: Papers concerning the protection of the harbour and town of Elblag by the Prussian Army and the maintenance and supply of the Prussian Army garrison; and bills and nancial issues, 1773–1807. 4780–4784, 11422: Chronicles and descriptions of the history of the town and harbour in Elblag, 1775–1804. 4873–4878, 10438–11440, 11442: Edicts and regulations of the King of Prussia related to political, juridical, commercial and shipping issues, 1772–1805.

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance The collection is part of the old archives of the Elblag town council. The Prussian Board in Elblag was established after the town was incorporated

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in the Prussian State in 1772. According to Prussian regulations, several old town institutions, such as the old town council, town courts and the town’s military guards, were discontinued. Most of their functions were assumed by the Prussian Royal administration. Custodial history The materials were kept at the Town Archives of Elblag until 1944. Thereafter, during World War II, they were moved to Western Germany, to be transferred to the State Archives in Gdansk in 1947. Related materials • • • •

Elblag Town Records (reference code: PL/10/369/1). Elblag Town Manuscripts Collection (reference code: PL/10/492). Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Gdansk Town Records—Bibliotheca Archivi (reference code: PL/10/300/ R).

Publications • • • • • •

Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Czaplicka, J., and W. Klesinska, Akta miasta Elblga. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970). Klesiska, W., “Archiwum miasta Elbl ga”, in: Rocznik Elblski, 1 (1961). Kupczyski, T., “Archiwum elbl skie”, in: Archeion, 17 (1948). Morcinek, E., Inwentarz zbioru, rkopisy elblskie (Warsaw, 1967). Volckmann, E., Katalog des Elbinger Stadarchivs (Elblag, 1875).

Evangelical Lutheran Church in Hel Record group Evangelical Lutheran Church in Hel Koció ewangelicki w Helu Reference code : PL/10/953 Period : 1633–1786 Extent : 2 items, 0.10 metres

state archives in gdansk

1655

Abstract The record group comprises Church birth, marriage and death registers and notes on the history of Hel (on a peninsula north of Gdansk). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1633–1786 : Germany, Poland, Sweden : Latin, Low German

Relevant are both items 1 and 2, which consist of birth, marriage and death registers of the town community (mainly shermen and sailors) from the years 1633–1786, and notes on the history of the church and town of Hel. Accessibility Inventory. The materials have to be consulted on microlm (nos. E-4387–4388). Record creator / provenance The church of Hel was founded in the rst years of the sixteenth century as Catholic church and later became a Lutheran church. It was closed in 1946. Custodial history The materials have been kept at the State Archives in Gdansk since 1901, but during World War II they were temporarily moved to Marienburg and later to western Germany. They were returned to the State Archives in Gdansk in 1947. Related materials • • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Elblag Town Manuscripts Collection (reference code: PL/10/492). Manuscripts Collection (reference code: PL/10/1016).

Publications • •

Bär, M., Das Königliche Staatsarchiv in Danzig, seine Begründung, seine Einrichtungen und seine Bestände (Leipzig, 1912). Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992).

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Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

Gdansk Town Records—Administration of the Territory between Vistula Bay Spit and the Szkarpawa River Record group Gdansk Town Records—Administration of the Territory between Vistula Bay Spit and the Szkarpawa River Akta miasta Gdaska—Mierzeja i Szkarpawa Reference code : PL/10/300/2 Period : (1359–) 1416–1813 (-1820) Extent : 1045 items, 19.2 metres Abstract This record group includes papers concerning the following subjects, all related to the territory between Vistula Bay Spit and the Szkarpawa River: privileges from 1379 onward, administration, rents and taxes, bills and nancial issues, land tenancy contracts, shing, hunting, oods, walls and dykes, churches and religious issues, foundations and the building of churches and schools, church bells and organs, mills, inns, courts and court cases, legacies and deeds, partitions of landed property, contributions, the quartering of the army, the collection of amber, and the fortress of Wisloujscie. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1566–1766 : Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden : Latin, Low German

Relevant items include the following (all nos. begin with 300/2/): •

•

243–248, 794, 890, 891, 972, 1027, 1029: Papers concerning shing at the Vistula Bay, (regulations for) shermen, and the partition of shing zones between Gdansk and Elblag, 1566–1652, 1766. 321, 783: Papers concerning the prohibition of collecting amber at the seashore, and administrative regulations regarding shipwrecks and

state archives in gdansk

• • • •

1657

cargo stranded on the shore of the Vistula Bay Spit, 1591–1592, 1754, 1758–1762. 324: Papers concerning the awareness of the arrival of Swedish Navy ships at the shore of the Vistula Bay Spit, 1606. 356: Papers concerning the demarcation of the border of the territorial waters between Prussia and Gdansk, 1732, 1754. 387: List of ships from Brandenburg stranded on the shore near Gdansk, 1736. 1022: Papers concerning the wrecking and stranding of a ship from Courland on the shore near Gdansk, 1581.

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance The town administration dealing with the area between the shore of Gdansk Bay, Vistula Bay Spit and the Szkarpawa River functioned until the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Custodial history From 1901, the materials were kept at the State Archives in Gdansk. During World War II, they were transferred to western Germany, to be returned to Gdansk in 1947. Related materials • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Elblag Town Manuscript Collection (reference code: PL/10/492).

Publications • • •

Bär, M., Das Königliche Staatsarchiv in Danzig, seine Begründung, seine Einrichtungen und seine Bestände (Leipzig, 1912). Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

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Gdansk Town Records—Bibliotheca Archivi Record group Gdansk Town Records—Bibliotheca Archivi Akta miasta Gdaska—Bibliotheca Archivi Reference code : PL/10/300/R Period : 1204–1945 Extent : 1792 items, 85.5 metres Abstract This manuscript collection had an auxiliary function: its documents served as reference records for the town council meetings. The records were led under the following subjects (all marked by a letter code): territory of Gdansk; interpretation of the town law and regulations; military and town defence issues; interior town policy; customs tariffs; reports of the town council; monetary system; harbour roadstead; trade; copies of privileges and treaties; relations with guilds; Hanseatic League; diplomatic foreign relations; chronicles; religious issues; courts and justice; crests of Gdansk; harbour and water engineering; town laws; and town court of assessors. The materials include: political treaties and agreements; reports of meetings of the Hanseatic League and political legations; chronicles; descriptions of the history of Elblag, Gdansk, the Teutonic Order in Prussia and the Kingdom of Poland; town laws; lists of mayors, town ofcers and judges; genealogical theses; and lists of town citizens. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1450–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Latin, Low German, Polish

Relevant materials are to be found under many of the subject-based divisions headings (all nos. start with 300/R/): Part A: TERRITORY OF GDANSK •

A—1: Chronicles and copies of privileges regarding territories around the entrance of Gdansk harbour and Vistula Spit, 1491–1747.

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Part Aa: INTERPRETATION OF THE TOWN LAW AND REGULATIONS • • •

Aa—1, 5, 6, 14: Town laws and criminal and civil law codes, 1576–1671, 1721–1725. Aa—4, 2q, 9q: Regulations of taxes and credit issues, 1701–1724, 1753. Aa—9: Civil and criminal court cases, judicial decisions of courts in Gdansk, 1600–1724.

Part B: MILITARY AND TOWN DEFENCE ISSUES •

•

B—2, 3, 7q, 9q: Papers concerning the fortress of Wisloujscie and the coastal defence system at the entrance to Gdansk harbour and Vistula Spit, plans of the fortress and the gate to Gdansk harbour, lists of armaments in the fortress of Wisloujscie, coastal law, and town regulations for harbour pilots, 1484, 1577–1791. B—4: Court martial, 1576–1578.

Part Bb: INTERIOR TOWN POLICY • • •

• •

•

Bb—1a, 1b, 42: Papers concerning the interpretation of the town law and regulations, copies of privileges for Gdansk, 1454–1700. Bb—7, 7a, 11a–12, 26a–26e: Chronicles and notes on the history of Gdansk, 1605–1780, 1785–1786. Bb—13, 25: Papers concerning trade issues of Gdansk merchants, controversies between members of guilds of local carriers and merchants from England and the Netherlands, 1605–1792. Bb—15: Papers concerning the fortress of Wisloujscie and the coastal defence system at the entrance to Gdansk harbour, 1793. Bb—23a, 23b: Papers concerning Arthur’s Court in Gdansk, internal regulations of Arthur’s Court, stock exchange, and petitions to the town council, 1527–1715. Bb—40: Description of the delta of the Vistula River and the entrance to Gdansk harbour, 1677, regulations for the customs ofce in Gdansk, and lists of customs and taxes in Gdansk harbour, 1691, 1703.

Part C: CUSTOMS TARIFFS, EXCISE, SEA TRADE AND SHIPPING, PETITIONS OF MERCHANTS •

C—1–17, q10–q17: Lists of customs and taxes in Gdansk harbour, sea customs, excise, list of customs for wine and beer, customs regulations

1660

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and tariffs, correspondence on customs issues, agreements on customs and trade issues, sea shipping, maritime law, shipping lanes, corn trade, and petitions of merchants, 1454–1792. Part Cc: COPIES OF REPORTS OF THE TOWN COUNCIL •

• •

•

Cc—1–21, 25, 37, 44–52, q1: Papers concerning the interpretation of the town law and regulations, and copies of reports of the town council of Gdansk, 1342–1781. Cc—25: List of granaries and storehouses in the Gdansk harbour, 1572. Cc—30, 31: Regulations of trade, privileges and rights of Dutch merchants in Gdansk, and papers concerning trade with the Netherlands, 1573–1686. Cc—41: Journal of the journey to St. Petersburg by Carl Ehler, 1734.

Part D: MONETARY SYSTEM •

D—1–7, q4: Regulations for mints, reports on the value of money and the monetary system, drawings of coins from Royal Prussia and Prussia, assays of gold and silver, reports from the mint in Gdansk, monetary treatise by Nicolaus Copernicus, and papers concerning the minting of Polish and Prussian coins, 1519–1760.

Part E: HARBOUR ROADSTEAD •

E—1, 6: Papers concerning the deepening of the entrance to the harbour canal, measures of depth in the harbour canal, drawings of excavators, maps of sea streams in Gdansk Bay, coastal defence and fortications around the entrance to the harbour canal, positions of shipwrecks at the roadstead and around the harbour canal, and the fortress of Wisloujscie, 1636–1696, 1744.

Part F: TRADE • •

•

F—1, 8, 10: Handbooks on sea trade, customs and taxes, 1368–1774. F—2, 7, 11, 13–15, q1, q6: Reports on the Gdansk trade, trade with the Netherlands, trade privileges for Gdansk, maritime law, corn trade, corn measuring ofcers, regulations of measures, and bills from granaries and storehouses in Gdansk harbour, 1402–1706, 1754–1763, 1792. F—3: Registers of losses of cargo and ships of Gdansk merchants in clashes with the Danish Royal Navy, 1453.

state archives in gdansk •

•

1661

F—4, 16, 17, 19–20d, 24, 25, 27, 28, 30, 35, q8, q19, q20, q22: Trade and account books of Gdansk merchants, registers and indexes to trade books, papers concerning the beer trade, and correspondence on trade issues, 1421–1454, 1612–1753, 1757–1829. F—12: Customs tariffs in Gdansk harbour, customs tariffs for armament and ammunition, and petitions of merchants, 1574–1793.

Part G: LISTS OF TOWN OFFICERS •

G—20, 21, 25, 34, 36: Chronicles and notes related to the history of Gdansk, 1342–1788.

Part Gg: POLISH ISSUES •

• • •

Gg—33: Copies of correspondence and chronicle notes related to Courland, 1719–1758, and copies of correspondence related to political and commercial issues with regard to the Netherlands, German towns, Sweden and France, 1665–1668. Gg—39: Copies of correspondence and chronicle notes related to the Northern War, 1699–1705. Gg—q53: Copies of correspondence and reports related to sea customs issues, 1637–1638. Gg—q62: Copies of correspondence and chronicle notes related to political and trade relations between Prussia and Poland in the seventeenth century, 1670.

Part H: LAW REGULATIONS FOR THE TOWN COUNCIL, COURTS, SECRETARIES OF THE TOWN COUNCIL, OFFICIAL TOWN CEREMONIES • •

H—5: Papers concerning the town court of assessors, and information related to Arthur’s Court in Gdansk, 1545–1764. H—6: List of granaries and storehouses in Gdansk harbour, with register of owners, 1530–1764.

Part Hh: COPIES OF PRIVILEGES AND TREATIES • •

Hh—1, 5, 6, 13, q1: Papers concerning Elblag’s trade relations with England, and copies of privileges for Elblag, 1227–1771. Hh—7–12, 26, q7: Political and trade relations between Poland and Prussia, and papers concerning harbour and customs tariffs in Pillau (Baltijsk), 1525–1691.

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Part I: RELATIONS WITH GUILDS •

•

I—1: Correspondence between the town council and guilds, lists of ofcers and members of merchants’, sailors’, ship carpenters’ and local carriers’ guilds in Gdansk, and agreements between guilds, 1526, 1633. I—q2: Regulations related to the town’s markets and the salesmen guild, 1641–1659.

Part Ii: HANSEATIC LEAGUE •

•

• •

•

Ii—1, 2, 12: Copies of correspondence between Hanseatic towns and Gdansk, chronicles of the Hanseatic League, reports from Hanseatic town meetings, copies of Danish privileges for Hanseatic League members, and papers concerning maritime law, 1361–1674. Ii—3–6, 9–11: Copies of correspondence between Hanseatic towns, reports related to trade issues and copies of trade privileges for Hanseatic towns in Spain, Portugal and England, copies of English, French, Dutch, Flemish, Scandinavian and Russian privileges for members of the Hanseatic League, and code of privileges for the Hanseatic League by Heinrich Sudermann, 1299–1618. Ii—7, 8, 14: Statutes of the Hanseatic League trading ofce in Lund, 1554, 1706–1707. Ii—13a, 13b: Rights of Hanseatic merchants, rules and regulations concerning trade, reports related to trade, the monetary system, trade and money exchange, papers concerning the trade exchange with the Netherlands, tables of money exchange rates, and lists of measures and weights, 1724. Ii—q13, q14: Merchants’ bills and lists of cargo in granaries and storehouses in Gdansk harbour, 1631.

Part Kk: DIPLOMATIC FOREIGN RELATIONS •

Kk—1, 5, 6: Copies of treaties, agreements, charters and correspondence with foreign countries, instructions for Gdansk representatives in legations, and conventions and agreements between Gdansk and England, the Netherlands and Russia, 1464–1763.

Part Ll: CHRONICLES •

Ll—1–13, 17–21, 38–45, 87, 99, q5, q32: Chronicles of the history of Gdansk, Poland, Prussia and Royal Prussia, and of the Swedish-Polish wars, 1453–1701.

state archives in gdansk •

• •

1663

Ll—14–16, 23–37, 47–51, 65, 71, 72, 80–82, 88, 94–98, 102, 104, 105, q2, q6, q10, q12, q14, q17a, q17b, q144, q145: Chronicles of the history of Gdansk and Gdansk in the time of the Swedish-Polish wars, historical and statistical description of Gdansk and the town’s commerce, and history of merchant families in Gdansk, 1512–1812. Ll—70: Papers concerning conicts between Gdansk and Bremen, Hamburg and Lübeck, 1524–1677. Ll—77, q69: Reports of the Fishermen Ofce in Gdansk related to the shery area in the Gdansk Bay near the town of Puck, 1455–1693.

Part N: COPIES OF PRIVILEGES, CHARTERS, EDICTS AND STATUTES RELATED TO GDANSK AND THE TERRITORY OF ROYAL PRUSSIA •

N—1–43, 48–51, q6–q12: Copies of trade privileges, charters, and edicts for Gdansk, 1327–1738.

Part Nn: REPORTS AND NOTES OF THE SECRETARIES OF THE TOWN COUNCIL •

• • • • •

Nn—8–17, 34, 37, 41, 43, 46, 51a, q2: Reports and manuscripts related to the history of Poland and Prussia, and chronicles of Prussia, 1439–1507, 1526–1767. Nn—29b: Papers concerning salt taxes in Gdansk, 1439–1507, 1526– 1533. Nn—30c: Correspondence of Gdansk with Mecklenburg, 1610, 1643– 1663. Nn—44a, 44b: Papers concerning public law in Gdansk, 1767. Nn—48: Papers concerning public law in Prussia, 1767. Nn—58: Copies of correspondence with Hanseatic towns, trade privileges for Hanseatic towns in England, copies of English privileges for Gdansk, and papers concerning customs, 1363–1802.

Part O: REPORTS FROM MEETINGS AND STATEMENTS OF THE TOWN COUNCIL, THE WAR COUNCIL AND OTHER MUNICIPAL OFFICES •

O—1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9–11, 13–19, q1–q3: Statements and edicts of the town council in Gdansk, copies of trade treaties, agreements and privileges for Gdansk, 1510–1760.

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Part P: TOWN REGULATIONS, GUILD STATUTES, RULES AND STATUTES OF ARTHUR’S COURT IN GDANSK, PETITIONS OF GUILDS TO THE TOWN COUNCIL • •

P—3: Rules and statutes of Arthur’s Court in Gdansk, 1522–1733. P—5, 6, q7, q8: Town regulations and statutes of the merchants’ guild in Gdansk, papers concerning the sh market in Gdansk, and lists of members of the merchants’ guild in Gdansk, 1584–1654.

Part Pp: RELIGIOUS ISSUES •

Pp—25–31: Chronicle of St. Mary’s Church in Gdansk by Eberhard Bötticher, information related to important events in the history of the church and the town, description of the Polish-Swedish sea battle near Oliwa in Gdansk Bay in 1627, and papers concerning funeral ceremonies of Polish and Swedish admirals, 1342–1678.

Part Q: REGULATIONS OF THE TOWN COUNCIL OF GDANSK FOR MUNICIPAL OFFICES •

Q—2, 5–11, 16, 18, 19, 22, 23, 28–30, q4: Rules and regulations of the town council for carriers’, sailors’, brokers’ and shermen guilds, law regulations for the customs ofce, and regulations for the town’s market places, 1300–1783.

Part Rr: HOSPITALS, FOUNDATIONS •

Rr—1: Petitions of St. Jacob’s Hospital and old people’s home for retired captains and sailors to the town council, 1468–1754.

Part S: POLITICAL SYSTEM AND LEGAL ORDER IN GDANSK, TOWN LAW, NAPOLEONIC CODE •

S—1–7b, 9–14, 17, q1, q2: Papers concerning the political system and legal order in Gdansk, and the town law, 1454–1779.

Part U: COURTS AND JUSTICE, PRECEDENT CASES •

U—19b: Papers concerning the town law and notes related to maritime law, 1690–1736.

state archives in gdansk

1665

Part Uu: CRESTS OF GDANSK, HARBOUR AND WATER ENGINEERING •

Uu—10a–10c: Papers concerning harbour and engineering issues, projects and estimations of the costs of reconstructing landing piers, 1574–1643, 1652–1699.

Part Vv: VARIA •

•

•

•

• •

• • •

•

Vv—12, 16, 22–24, 51, 84, 95, 112, 115, 139, 140, 145F, 158, 295: History of Gdansk, copies of charters and correspondence related to the customs system and political relations between Gdansk and Prussia, Denmark, the Netherlands, Sweden, Brandenburg and England, 1455–1743. Vv—15, 49, 53, 54, 56, 69, 89, 93, 94, 98, 100, 101, 114, 123, 141, 151B, 154L, 284, 306, q24A: Town laws, copies of trade and shipping privileges for Gdansk, copies of reports from meetings of the Hanseatic League, and privateer patents, 1230–1727. Vv—17, 20, 21, 26, 37, 38, 70, 75, 86, 134, 136–138, 143, 147F–G, Pa, Pc, 150A, 154, 156, 157, q19, q24B: Regulations of harbour customs, taxes and tariffs, copies end extracts of harbour pay-ledgers, and papers concerning customs and excise on wine and beer, and the minting of coins in the Mint in Gdansk, 1454–1754. Vv—25, 79, 109, 150Z, 158, 160, 289, 291, q33: Reports of Dutch representatives in Gdansk, trade treaties and agreements between Gdansk and the Netherlands, correspondence related to trade in tulip bulbs, and correspondence with Amsterdam, 1557–1791. Vv—27: Description of piers and installations destroyed in harbour res in Gdansk, 1636–1656. Vv—39, 76, 131, 138, 141, 144J, 296: Papers concerning sea shipping and maritime law, reports and notes on sea shipping, 1455–1743, 1794–1806. Vv—52, 68, 85: Town laws and copies of trade and shipping privileges for Elblag, 1568–1647. Vv—67, 73, 77, 78, 80, 86: Reports and bills of the Fortress in Wisloujscie, 1434–1758. Vv—104, q35: Papers concerning the organization of the town stock exchange in Arthur’s Court in Gdansk, and rules and regulations for Arthur’s Court, 1457–1758. Vv—138: Drawing and description of the town weighhouse in Gdansk, and list of granaries and storehouses in Gdansk harbour, 1512–1747.

1666 • • • • • • • •

•

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Vv—144F: Papers concerning the deepening and maintenance of the canals in Gdansk harbour, 1685–1689. Vv—149G: Papers concerning shipyards in Gdansk and records related to the ship carpenters’ guild in Gdansk, 1552–1729. Vv—150V: Papers concerning the timber trade, customs tariffs and taxes on the wood trade in Gdansk harbour, 1718–1743. Vv—158: Lists of Danish and Dutch warships based in Gdansk Bay and at the Gdansk harbour roadstead, 1656. Vv—159, 160, 165: Correspondence of Gdansk with Sweden, Elblag, Königsberg (Kaliningrad) and Hamburg, 1526–1692, 1705–1718. Vv—167a–168: Bills for books carried from Bordeaux and Amsterdam for Johanni Uphagen, merchant from Gdansk, 1756–1787. Vv—200–215: Trade books and bills from the merchants’ trading ofce of the Loytz family in Gdansk, 1566–1570, 1574–1584. Vv—216a–216c, 219a–220b, 224–273, 279–283, 298, 307, q25–q32: Testaments and legacies, inventories of assets of succession, and legacy cases of private persons, merchants and sailors from France, Mecklenburg (Schwerin), Poland (Gdansk, Elblag), Prussia, the Netherlands (Kampen) and Western Pomerania (Kolobrzeg), 1525–1793. Vv—219: History of Prussia, copies of charters and correspondence related to the customs system and political relations, 1516–1582.

Part X: TOWN LAWS •

X—1–9, q1, q14: Town laws for Gdansk, 1454–1611, 1761–1772.

Part Z: TOWN COURT OF ASSESSORS •

Z—1–9, q2, q4–q6, q9, q11: Papers concerning the town court of assessors in Gdansk, civil and criminal cases, 1529–1795.

Accessibility Inventory. The materials have to be consulted on microlm (nos. E-32649–34443). Record creator / provenance This manuscript collection is part of the old archives of the Gdansk town council. The materials were collected for their auxiliary value and functioned as reference records for the town council representatives. The main

state archives in gdansk

1667

part of the collection contains chronicles of Gdansk and Prussia, copies of diplomatic, judicial and trade reports, and theological theses. Also included are deeds and private papers of collectors and families such as Atkinson, Berthold, Fabritius, Gralath, Linde, Remmerson, Renners, Schlieff-Schumann, Schreit and Zernecke. Custodial history The materials were kept in the State Archives in Gdansk until 1944. In World War II, they were moved to Western Germany, to be returned to the State Archives in Gdansk in 1947. Part of the collection is stored at the Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Gdansk. Related materials • • • • • • • • • •

Cistercian Monastery in Oliwa (reference code: PL/10/940). Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Gdansk Town Records—Maps and Plans (reference code: PL/10/300/ MP). Guilds in Arthur’s Court in Gdansk (reference code: PL/10/359). Elblag Town Manuscript Collection (reference code: PL/10/492). Elblag Town Records—Privileges and Charters (reference code: PL/ 10/368). Elblag Town Records (reference code: PL/10/369/1). Manuscript Collection (reference code: PL/10/1016). Puck Town Records (reference code: PL/10/519). St. Mary’s Evangelical Church (reference code: PL/10/354).

Publications • • • • • • • •

Bär, M., Das Königliche Staatsarchiv in Danzig, seine Begründung, seine Einrichtungen und seine Bestände (Leipzig, 1912). Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Czaplicka, J., and W. Klesinska, Akta miasta Elblga. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970). Dollinger, Phillippe, Dzieje Hanzy (Gdansk, 1975). Hanserecesse, Vols. I–IV: 1256–1560 (1870–1941). Hansische Geschichtsquellen (1875–1894). Hansisches Urkundenbuch, ed. K. Höhlbaum et al (1876–1939). Klesiska, W., “Archiwum miasta Elbl ga”, in: Rocznik Elblski, 1 (1961).

1668 • • • • • •

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Niederländische Akten und Urkunden zur Geschichte der deutschen Hanse und zur deutschen Seegeschichte, ed. R. Häpke (1913–1923). Quellen und Darstellungen zur hansischen Geschichte (1960–1968). Sawoszewska, W., “Gdaska Bibliotheca Archivi”, in: Archeion, 40 (1964). Urkundenbuch der Stadt Lübeck (1843–1932). Volckmann, E., Katalog des Elbinger Stadtarchivs (Elblag, 1875). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

Gdansk Town Records—Copies of Outgoing Correspondence (Missiva) Record group Gdansk Town Records—Copies of Outgoing Correspondence (Missiva) Akta miasta Gdaska—Kopiariusze wysyanych listów (Missiva) Reference code : PL/10/300/27 Period : 1420–1807, 1810–1818 Extent : 136 items, 11.8 metres Abstract This record group consists of copies of outgoing correspondence by Gdansk’s mayors and town council to addressees abroad, the Polish Royal Court and Polish towns. The materials concern political, economic, trade, military and religious issues. The international correspondence includes letters to Hanseatic towns and the royal administration in Denmark, Germany, Courland, Sweden, the Netherlands, Russia, England, Spain, Portugal, Italy, France and Turkey. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1450–1793 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Latin, Low German

Relevant materials are to be found in item nos. 5–32, 34–49, 52–78, 81, 83–85, 87–141 and 143, which contain copies of outgoing correspondence,

state archives in gdansk

1669

arranged in chronological order, to other towns and countries regarding political, trade and economic issues from the years 1448–1470, 1489–1514, 1516–1607 and 1613–1793. These include letters sent to towns such as Lübeck, Bremen, Hamburg, Stralsund, Rostock, Szczecin, Riga, Visby, Tallinn, Narva, Klaipeda, Copenhagen, Stockholm, Amsterdam and London as well as to the royal administration in Denmark, Germany, Prussia, Sweden, the Netherlands and Russia. (All nos. start with 10/300/27/). Accessibility Inventory. The materials have to be consulted on microlm (nos. E-60931–61069). Record creator / provenance The records originate from the town council of Gdansk. Copies of the most important outgoing letters were kept by the town council secretary from the rst half of the fteenth century in a special series of books called “Missiva”. Custodial history The materials were kept at the State Archives in Gdansk from 1901 to 1943. During World War II, they were moved to Western Pomerania and later to the USSR, to be returned to the State Archives in Gdansk in 1957. Related materials • • • • • • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Gdansk Town Records—Privileges and Correspondence from 1525 (reference code: PL/10/300/53). Gdansk Town Records—Privileges and Correspondence until 1525 (reference code: PL/10/300/D). Gdansk Town Records—Bibliotheca Archivi (reference code: PL/10/300/ R). Elblag Town Manuscripts Collection (reference code: PL/10/492). Elblag Town Records (reference code: PL/10/369). Puck Town Records (reference code: PL/10/519).

Publications •

Bär, M., Das Königliche Staatsarchiv in Danzig, seine Begründung, seine Einrichtungen und seine Bestände (Leipzig, 1912).

1670 • • •

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Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Sawoszewska, M., “Gdaskie Missiva”, in: Archeion, 29 (1958). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

Gdansk Town Records—Corn Reserves Ofce Record group Gdansk Town Records—Corn Reserves Ofce Akta miasta Gdaska—Urzd Zapasów Zbo a Reference code : PL/10/300/16 Period : 1593–1792 Extent : 17 items, 0.4 metres Abstract The record group comprises lists of the quantity of corn reserves, bills and other papers regarding nancial issues, reports about the import and sale of corn, proposals for regulations and the policy on corn in the town depots, and town ofcers. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1595–1792 : Germany, Poland : Low German

Relevant materials include the following (all nos. start with 300/16/): •

•

2, 4, 6–8, 11, 14, 18: Lists of the quantity of corn in the town depots, and reports on the import of corn to the town and harbour, and on the sale of corn at the local market in Gdansk, 1613, 1616–1617, 1621–1657, 1681, 1702–1792. 3, 9, 13, 15–17: Bills and other papers concerning nancial issues of the ofce, 1595–1720.

Accessibility Inventory.

state archives in gdansk

1671

Record creator / provenance The Corn Reserves Ofce in Gdansk was established by the town council in the sixteenth century. Its main function was to maintain corn reserves in the town depots for the supply to town citizens in times of crisis, such as wars, oods or economic blockades. Custodial history The materials have been kept at the State Archives in Gdansk since 1901. After World War II, the records were partly recovered from the destroyed building of the Archives. Related materials • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Elblag Town Manuscript Collection (reference code: PL/10/492).

Publications • • •

Bär, M., Das Königliche Staatsarchiv in Danzig, seine Begründung, seine Einrichtungen und seine Bestände (Leipzig, 1912). Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku, (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

Gdansk Town Records—Customs Ofce Record group Gdansk Town Records—Customs Ofce Akta miasta Gdaska—Komora Palowa Reference code : PL/10/300/19 Period : 1460–1790 Extent : 94 items, 3.20 metres Abstract The record group chiey consists of pay-ledgers of ships and cargo of the customs ofce in Gdansk. It also contains correspondence of shipowners and merchants with the Ofce.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1460–1790 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, Latin, Low German

Relevant materials include the following items (all nos. start with 300/19/): •

• • •

1, 2a, 2b, 3–39, 41–42a, 54, 55, 63, 64, 73, 74: Pahlkammerbuch series, pay-ledgers of ships and cargo with basic information on: names and basic personal data of captains, names of ships, cargoes, dates of arrival and departure, and payments (also including registers with information on cargo exchange with Spain and Portugal in 1600–1621, Scotland and England), 1460, 1463–1477, 1490–1492, 1494–1598, 1606–1622, 1634–1636, 1640–1651, 1678, 1685–1693, 1704, 1729, 1751–1754, 1774–1778. 40, 43, 47, 48, 52, 53, 60, 72: Administrative and nancial records, bills for customs, 1462, 1580–1724, 1729, 1752, 1755–1778, 1790. 45, 46, 66, 75: Regulations and printed lists of harbour taxes, 1580, 1584–1785. 49–51: Correspondence with Polish royal ofcers, shipowners and merchants, concerning the payment of customs, 1528–1600, 1612–1770.

Accessibility Inventory. The materials are accessible on microlm (nos. E-61140–61233). Record creator / provenance The customs ofce was one of the town ofces managed by the town council and was responsible for collecting customs from ships arriving at and departing from the harbour and reloading cargo there. The Ofce published lists of customs and provided special registers for cargoes and ships. From 1585 onward, about 50 per cent of the customs duties from Gdansk was paid to the Polish Kingdom Treasure Ofce.

state archives in gdansk

1673

Copies The records have been put on microlm (nos. E-61140–61181, E-61–184– 61186, E-61220–61221, E-61232). Related materials •

Gdansk Town Records—Bibliotheca Archivi (reference code: PL/10/300/ R).

Publications • • • •

Biernat, Cz., “Archive Materials for Polish History on the Sea”, in: Acta Poloniae Historica, 23 (1971). Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Historia Gdaska, 3 vols., ed. E. Cie laka (Gdansk, 1978–1993). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

Gdansk Town Records—Deputy Mayor Record group Gdansk Town Records—Deputy Mayor Akta miasta Gdaska—Zastpca Prezydiujcego Burmistrza Reference code : PL/10/300/5 Period : 1555–1794, 1807–1814 Extent : 1059 items, 17.4 metres Abstract The record group includes petitions regarding trade agreements with the gentry and complaints against building constructions contrary to the regulations. It also contains papers concerning matters such as the division and protection of the property of minors, inheritances, divorces, offences, debts, fraud, disagreements, receipts, ships’ passports, and examinations of ships.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1555–1794 : Denmark, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands : Latin, Low German

Relevant papers include items 1–120, 122–185 (25), 186–189, 193a–215, 217–890, 893–933, 940–1001 (all nos. beginning with 300/5/), which comprise transcripts of court proceedings, material regarding examined cases, petitions regarding trade agreements with the gentry, papers concerning disagreements and auctions, receipts, ships’ passports, and examination of ships, 1555–1794. Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance The Deputy Major had jurisdiction over Gdansk’s main town, suburbs, so-called long gardens (Dlugie Ogrody) and the Piaski district. In addition, he judged cases between foreigners (mostly among the gentry, and between the gentry and Gdansk merchants). He was also in charge of cases regarding contractual work in the main town and on the Granary Island, and properties of minors. Furthermore, the Deputy Mayor was the patron of the metal smiths’ guild. Custodial history The materials were initially preserved at the municipal archives in the main town hall of Gdansk until 1900. The following year, they were transferred to the Royal Prussian State Archives and next to the State Archives of the Free City of Gdansk. During the Second World War, the materials were transferred to Germany, to be returned to Poland in 1947. Related materials • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Gdansk Town Records—Bibliotheca Archivi (reference code: PL/10/300/ R).

state archives in gdansk

1675

Publications • • •

Bär, M., Das Königliche Staatsarchiv in Danzig, seine Begründung, seine Einrichtungen und seine Bestände (Leipzig, 1912). Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

Gdansk Town Records—Edicts and Town Regulations Record group Gdansk Town Records—Edicts and Town Regulations Akta miasta Gdaska—Edykty i rozporzdzenia Reference code : PL/10/300/93 Period : 1422–1793, 1807–1814 Extent : 64 items, 3.60 metres Abstract The record group includes edicts and regulations related to: public safety; stockpiling of food; town ofces; administrative activities; town courts; monetary issues; religious holidays; religious issues; church administration; taxes; family events such as marriages and funeral ceremonies; clothes; market places; bankruptcy; trade in corn, ash, wax, cattle and food; weekly fairs; sailors, guilds, craftsmen and salesmen; waterways in the harbour, Vistula River and town moats; the town’s armed forces; recruitment of Polish, Prussian and Russian armed forces; suburbs; re protection; citizenship of Gdansk; hunters; servant service, medical service, pharmacists and midwives; and guilds in Arthur’s Court in Gdansk; as well as copies of privileges. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1450–1793 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Latin, Low German, Polish

1676

poland

Relevant items include the following (all nos. start with 300/93/): •

• •

• • • • • •

• •

1–5, 7, 9–11, 13, 15–20, 24, 32, 32a, 38: Edicts and law regulations related to public safety in the town, stockpiling of food, town ofces and administrative activities, 1300–1793, 1807. 25, 45a, 46: Regulations concerning taxes and the town’s nancial board, monetary issues and the counterfeiting of coins, 1516–1784. 25, 55a, 55b, 55d, 55g, 57: Regulations concerning sea trade in corn, ash, wax, cattle and food, regarding harbour customs, and weights and measures for the trade in beer, wine, spices, herrings, iron, corn, salt and wood, 1516–1793. 26, 27: Copies of Royal privileges for Gdansk, 1441–1784. 29: Trade treaty between England and Gdansk, 1706. 49: Rules for interior waterways in the harbour, the Vistula River and town moats, 1571–1776. 51, 55a: Regulations for market places, 1538–1761. 54b: Regulations for the sailmakers’, merchants’ and salesmen guilds, 1778. 55a, 55b, 56: Regulations and edicts related to coastal law, shipping issues, harbour ofcers, harbour pilots, shipowners and the maintenance of harbour cranes, 1422–1790. 55c: Regulations for bankruptcy and bills of exchange, 1577–1781. 60: Rules and regulations for guilds in Arthur’s Court in Gdansk, 1605–1647, 1712.

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance All edicts and regulations were issued by the town council of Gdansk. Custodial history This collection is part of the old archives of the town council, which were transferred to the State Archives in Gdansk in 1901. In 1945, after World War II, part of this collection was found in the ruined building of the State Archives.

state archives in gdansk

1677

Related materials • • • • •

Elblag Town Manuscript Collection (reference code: PL/10/492). Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Gdansk Town Records—Guilds (reference code: PL/10/300/C). Gdansk Town Records—Bibliotheca Archivi (reference code: PL/10/300/ R). Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Gdansk: Collection of Published Edicts and Town Regulations.

Publications • • • •

Bär, M., Das Königliche Staatsarchiv in Danzig, seine Begründung, seine Einrichtungen und seine Bestände (Leipzig, 1912). Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Sawoszewska, W., “Gdaska Bibliotheca Archivi”, in: Archeion, 40 (1964). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

Gdansk Town Records—Financial Ofce Record group Gdansk Town Records—Financial Ofce Akta miasta Gdaska—Kamlaria Reference code : PL/10/300/12 Period : 1377–1794, 1807–1814 Extent : 845 items, 21.3 metres Abstract This record group consists of the administration of the nancial ofce of the town of Gdansk (Danzig). It contains balance sheets and registers of receipts and expenses, registers of ground rents regarding houses, stores, granaries and stables, registers of estates and residents, registers regarding special payments (for example for the redeeming of slaves), books of loans, registers and balance sheets of excise duties (on malt, wine and food), registers of debt securities, lists of duties imposed on imports and exports from Gdansk harbour (the so-called palowe), bills and receipts.

1678

poland

Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1450–1794 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Latin, Low German

Relevant with regard to trade to and from the town of Gdansk are the following items (all nos. start with 300/12/): •

•

• •

•

•

•

• • • •

2–13, 20–23, 25–39, 41, 43, 45–65, 67–121, 123–145, 147–200, 205, 209, 251, 316, 321, 356–364, 380, 644, 853: Account books of the Gdansk (Danzig) nancial ofce, 1530–1794, with gaps. 14–16, 40, 42, 44, 260, 261, 294, 295, 317, 318, 355, 407–411, 738, 1016, 1017, 1041, 1044–1056: Registers of debts of the Gdansk nancial ofce, includes debts, credits and loans, 1500–1794, with gaps. 17, 230–234, 243, 305, 338, 427, 1043: Registers of the town income and balance sheets of the town budget, 1568–1740, with gaps. 201–204, 226, 336, 424, 664, 667, 758: Registers of payments and rents regarding the granaries located in the harbour and the market squares, and lists of merchants, 1452–1790, with gaps. 122, 218–220, 300, 326, 381, 428, 433, 491, 493, 598–605, 608, 610–618, 621, 622, 624–634, 636–638, 641, 794, 827, 832–837, 868, 1026–1028: Documents regarding customs duties and excises, such as those imposed on imported and exported goods from Gdansk harbour, and regarding the fees paid to the Royal Court and the delivery of salted sh to Lübeck, 1441–1462 and 1466–1768. 291–293, 324, 329, 333, 382, 403–406, 409, 570, 1038: Correspondence from merchants to the nancial ofce and correspondence with the royal court on duties and trade, 1456–1457, 1519–1537, 1549–1697 and 1736–1757. 296: Documents regarding payments from the Gdansk budget for the maintenance of the Wisloujscie fortress and the defence of the entry into the harbour, 1602. 856–864: List of goods registered at the town gates and control points, 1790. 1005–1005a: Bills regarding the repair of the harbour’s cranes and the breaking of the ice across the harbour canal, 1500–1525. 1008: Price lists of overseas spices and goods made from gold, 1500– 1520. 1066: List of court fees and witness testimonies regarding a marine catastrophe, 1692.

state archives in gdansk

1679

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance The nancial ofce (camlaria) managed the town nances of Gdansk and was controlled by its town council. The ofce also included the municipal building ofce, which maintained public buildings. Moreover, the ofce was responsible for the weapon and war equipment stored in the armouries. The income of the nancial ofce, called ordinary income, consisted of receipts from the customs ofce (Komora Palowa, Pfahlkammer) and municipal companies (such as the mills and brickyards), and from the sale of conscated goods, taxes and excises, and, from the mid-seventeenth century, of rents from the municipal scales, country estates, the Dominican Fair, stalls, and land, and the sales of citizenship and receipts from the pilotage service, etc. Custodial history These items were preserved in the holdings of the municipal archives in the main town hall of the town of Gdansk until 1901, when they were moved to the collection of the Royal Prussian State Archives and subsequently to the State Archives of the Free City of Gdansk. During World War II, the collection was transferred to Western Pomerania and later to the USSR. It was regained by Poland in 1957 and placed in the State Archives in Gdansk. Copies Scans and microlms of the collection are available. Related materials • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Gdansk Town Records—Bibliotheca Archivi (reference code: PL/10/300/ R).

Publications • •

Bär, M., Das Königliche Staatsarchiv in Danzig, seine Begründung, seine Einrichtungen und seine Bestände (Leipzig, 1912). Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992).

1680 •

poland

Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

Gdansk Town Records—Fiscal Cases Record group Gdansk Town Records—Fiscal Cases Akta miasta Gdaska—Fiscalia Reference code : PL/10/300/17 Period : 1539–1747 Extent : 11 items, 1.0 metres Abstract The record group consists of the town council regulations on legacy cases as well as scal cases and merchants references to the Polish King. Furthermore, there are papers concerning corn export by the Polish Royal Court and the discharge of corn from taxes in Gdansk, shipping to Narva, and the Royal Committee for customs, harbour taxes and excise in Elblag harbour. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1539–1676 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Latin, Low German, Polish

Relevant materials include the following (all nos. start with 300/17): •

• •

1–1b: Lawsuits in scal and tax cases with owners of ships and cargo, and shipowners’, sailors’ and merchants’ appeals in scal cases to the King of Poland, 1539–1588, 1591–1724. 5–7: Papers concerning the Royal Committee for customs, harbour taxes and excise in Elblag harbour, 1654–1668. 10, 11: Papers concerning the corn export by the Polish Royal Court and the exemption of corn from harbour taxes in Gdansk, shipping to Narva, the requisition of privateer ships, proposals of a new list of taxes and scal regulations, and the requisition of private property after a case of coin debasement, 1548–1676.

state archives in gdansk

1681

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance The town council was responsible for the activities of the customs ofce, which collected harbour taxes from ships arriving, departing and loading cargo. Sailors and merchants often brought scal decisions of the customs ofce before the town council or the Polish King. The town council and the main Mayor of the town were also responsible for maintaining the law of wreck. According to the Polish law of wreck, the King could claim the cargo from shipwrecks. Custodial history The materials have been kept at the State Archives in Gdansk since 1901, but during World War II they were temporarily moved to Western Pomerania and later to the USSR. In 1957, they were returned to the State Archives in Gdansk. Related materials • • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Elblag Town Records (reference code: PL/10/369,1). Elblag Town Manuscript Collection (reference code: PL/10/492).

Publications • • •

Bär, M., Das Königliche Staatsarchiv in Danzig, seine Begründung, seine Einrichtungen und seine Bestände (Leipzig, 1912). Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

Gdansk Town Records—Fortications Ofce Record group Gdansk Town Records—Fortications Ofce Akta miasta Gdaska—Urzd Waowy

1682 Reference code Period Extent

poland : PL/10/300/20 : 1547–1813 : 123 items, 3.2 metres

Abstract The record group comprises regulations for the town defence system, lists of properties around the town walls, bills and account books, as well as papers regarding the reconstruction of the town walls and taxes, and payments for the preservation of the town fortications. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1602–1798 : Germany, Poland : Low German

Relevant documents include the following (all nos. start with 300/20/): •

•

13, 20, 22–24, 34–43, 45–50, 53–117, 120, 121: Bills for the preservation of the fortications in the lower town, 1607, 1611, 1627, 1637, 1689–1732, 1742–1775, 1778–1784. 44: Reports about the construction of fortications at the lower town of Gdansk and around the harbour and shipyard, 1602–1605, 1784, 1790, 1798.

Accessibility Inventory. The materials have to be consulted on microlm (nos. E-70016–700138). Record creator / provenance The Fortications Ofce in Gdansk was established by the town council in the sixteen century. Its main function was maintaining and preserving the town walls, interior harbour canals and piers. The ofce was discontinued in 1814. Custodial history The materials have been kept at the State Archives in Gdansk since 1901. During World War II, they were transferred to western Germany. In 1947, they were returned to the State Archives in Gdansk.

state archives in gdansk

1683

Related materials •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300).

Publications • • •

Bär, M., Das Königliche Staatsarchiv in Danzig, seine Begründung, seine Einrichtungen und seine Bestände (Leipzig, 1912). Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

Gdansk Town Records—Guild Patronages. Correspondence with the Town Council Related to the Guilds Record group Gdansk Town Records—Guild Patronages. Correspondence with the Town Council Related to the Guilds Akta miasta Gdaska—Patronaty cechowe. Sprawy cechów w Radzie. Reference code : PL/10/300,30 Period : 1522–1549, 1571–1793, 1803, 1807–1814 Extent : 126 items, 3.2 metres Abstract The record group consists of royal privileges and their conrmations, agreements between guilds and the town council, lists and elections of guild ofcers and masters, proposals submitted to the town council, regulations of the town administration, and papers concerning disputes, the ban on trade, workers outside the guilds and the salt trade. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1594–1793 : Germany, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Low German

1684

poland

Relevant papers include the following (all nos. begin with 300,30/): • •

•

153, 304, 307: Documents concerning illegal trade, illegal trade competition by the guilds of Königsberg, and the salt trade, 1594–1763. 164–233: Lists and elections of guild ofcers and masters, and proposals submitted to the town council, including proposals from the guild of sailors, 1711, 1714–1793. 326–331: Documents concerning conicts with the town council, guild instructions, petitions to the king of Poland, correspondence and applications by sailors, 1646–1657, 1659–1686, 1751, 1762.

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance The collection was formed by the Town Council Archives in the seventeenth century. Custodial history Part of the materials has been lost as the record group was kept in the building of the State Archives that was destroyed in 1945. Related materials • • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Gdansk Town Records—Guilds (reference code: PL/10/300,C). Gdansk Town Records—Bibliotheca Archivi (reference code: PL/10/ 300,R).

Publications • •

Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

state archives in gdansk

1685

Gdansk Town Records—Guilds Record group Gdansk Town Records—Guilds Akta miasta Gdaska—Cechy Gdaskie Reference code : PL/10/300,C Period : 1365–1944 Extent : 1883 items, 34.0 metres Abstract This collection consists of records deriving from different guilds in the town of Gdansk. The materials include legal regulations, statutes, lists of guild members (masters, workers and apprentices) and nancial records. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1494–1800 : Germany, Poland, the Netherlands, various countries : Latin, Low German

Relevant items include the following (all nos. begin with 300,C/): •

•

705–721, 724–730, 2154–2156: Papers regarding shipwrights, including or concerning the following: * Legal regulations, 1589–1612. * Statutes and visitors’ book, 1598–1684. * Guild laws, 1552–1803. * Lists of masters, workers and apprentices, 1598–1860. * Salaries, working hours, shipbuilding locations, technical issues, 1766–1812. * Repairs of damaged ships, 1632. * Code of behaviour during celebrations, 1601–1786. * Guild accounting books, 1557–1839. * Workers union and its nances, 1683–1802. * Debts of shipwright Hans Brandt from Szczecin, 1579. * Debt issues, 1716–1786. * Funeral insurance, 1747–1790. 491–504, 507–508, 1561: Papers regarding stallholders, including or concerning the following:

1686

• •

•

•

•

poland

* Royal privileges and their conrmations, and the ban on trade by Scots and Jews, 1551–1665, 1677, 1698, 1746, 1751–1764, 1766. * Agreements between guilds, and disputes, including those with Mennonites, 1522–1666. 2514–2516: Papers regarding corn measurers, including book of laws and visitors’ book, and concerning corn stores, 1584, 1610–1641, 1709. 662–664, 671–674, 676–679, 682–683, 685–693: Papers regarding rope and sailmakers, including or concerning the following: * Laws and statutes, 1494, 1542–1546, 1558–1654, 1793–1805. * Visitors’ book, 1558–1721. * Correspondence, 1593–1810. * Working technologies, 1684–1809. * Workers outside the guild, 1581–1805. * Masters, 1607–1815. * Workers and apprentices, 1681–1801. * Financial records and accounting books, 1696–1831. 840–842, 844, 846–854, 862–864: Papers regarding shermen and sh merchants, including or concerning the following: * Royal privileges, 1627–1634, 1677. * Laws and statutes, 1538, 1636–1846. * Market regulations, 1634. * Workers outside the guild, 1772. * Fishing zones, 1600–1771. * Lists of members, 1565–1848. * Benches in St. Bartholomew’s Church, 1625–1853. * Donations for the church, 1600–1801. * Financial records and accounting books, 1554–1859. 871–875: Papers regarding granary guards, including or concerning the following: * Lists of members, 1786–1806. * Fees and funeral insurance, 1714–1807. * Bills, 1728–1806. 760–762, 764–771, 773–775, 779–785, 787–789, 792–794, 796, 798: Papers regarding sailors (captains), including or concerning the following: * Books of law, 1574–1843. * Visitors’ book, 1484–1812. * Reports of ship examinations after accidents at sea and lists of damages, 1765–1819. * Lists of sailors and sea captains, 1573, 1611–1841. * Fire and frost prevention, 1723–1821. * Sailors’ chapel in St. John’s Church, 1726–1727. * Benches in the churches of the old town, 1748–1817.

state archives in gdansk

1687

* Hospital and old people’s home for sailors at St. Jacob’s church, 1507–1825. * Financial records and accounting books, 1615–1839. Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance The collection comprises records deriving from various guilds in the town of Gdansk. It was composed at the end of the nineteenth century at the Town Archives of Gdansk. Related materials • • • • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Gdansk Town Records—Privileges and Correspondence until 1525 (reference code: PL/10/300,D). Gdansk Town Records—Privileges and Correspondence from 1525 (reference code: PL/10/300,53). Gdansk Town Records—Bibliotheca Archivi (reference code: PL/10/ 300,R). Gdansk Town Records—Guild patronages. Correspondence with the Town Council Related to the Guilds (reference code: PL/10/300,30).

Publications • •

Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

Gdansk Town Records—Hanseatic League Record group Gdansk Town Records—Hanseatic League Akta miasta Gdaska—Hanza Reference code : PL/10/300,28 Period : (1220) 1373–1791 Extent : 245 items, 7.2 metres

1688

poland

Abstract The record group consists of: reports from the Hanseatic meetings; instructions for Gdansk representatives to the Hanseatic meetings; maritime regulations; registers of losses of Gdansk merchants; and privileges of the Hanseatic League (including those enjoyed in Denmark, France, Spain, Livonia, Moscow, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, Norway and the German towns). Furthermore, there are papers concerning the organisation of commerce; shipping; wars of the Hanseatic League; the English company in Elblag; interventions abroad related to the compensation for losses; meetings of Hanseatic towns; diplomatic negotiations; the technology and organisation of maritime trade; maritime trade routes; maritime disasters; the Hanseatic ofces in London, Bruges, Antwerp and Novgorod; and issues related to the Hanseatic ofce in Antwerp. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1451–1699 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Danish, Dutch, English, French, High German, Italian, Latin, Low German, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, various languages

Relevant materials include treaties and agreements on the freedom of trade and the sailing between Hanseatic League towns and England, Bruges and Denmark; reports from the Hanseatic towns’ representatives at diplomatic meetings; and instructions for envoys (all nos. start with 300,28/). •

•

•

1–2, 16, 30, 44, 95, 108b–109, 117, 121, 129–133, 136, 138–139, 141, 146–147, 160a, 164a–c, 168, 170, 178–184, 189: Reports and negotiations, conrmations of privileges, correspondence regarding political and commercial relations with England, and papers on negotiations in London, Bruges, Antwerp and Utrecht, 1369, 1411, 1433, 1451, 1468–1469, 1473–1736. 1, 146–147, 151a, 163a, 176–177, 180–181, 184, 189–191, 197, 215: Reports and negotiations, conrmations of privileges, and correspondence related to political and commercial relations with Bruges and Antwerp, 1454, 1491, 1499, 1516, 1521, 1550–1600. 2, 3b, 11, 13, 19, 23, 30–31, 40a-41, 43, 45, 47, 86–87, 91–93, 97–106, 114–115, 123–125, 146, 164, 171–172, 207: Reports and negotiations,

state archives in gdansk

•

•

•

•

• • • •

•

• • • •

1689

conrmations of privileges, and correspondence related to political and commercial relations with Denmark, 1278–1669. 3a, 4–10, 12, 14–15, 17–18, 21b-22, 24–27, 29, 33–40a, 42, 46, 48–85, 161–163, 165–167, 173–174a, 185–188, 192–196, 198–206, 210: Reports of meetings of the Hanseatic representatives in Lübeck, Stralsund, Hamburg, Lüneburg and Gdansk, 1451–1454, 1469–1487, 1491–1500, 1507, 1511, 1515–1520, 1522–1525, 1530, 1533–1535, 1537, 1540, 1549, 1553–1557, 1559, 1562–1568, 1572, 1576–1581, 1584, 1586, 1591, 1594, 1598–1622, 1628. 20–21a, 96, 111, 122, 146: Reports and negotiations, conrmations of privileges, and correspondence related to political and commercial relations with Sweden and Lund, 1534–1595, 1600–1676. 86–90, 127–128, 148–149, 153, 158a, 160, 167a-b, 169, 207–208: General laws and privileges, codes of the Hanseatic League, correspondence between towns of the League and trading ofces, and correspondence of Lübeck, Polish towns and Denmark, 1418–1791. 94: Reports and negotiations, conrmations of privileges, and correspondence related to political and commercial relations with Russia, 1575–1615. 95, 108b, 129: Correspondence with Elblag and England, 1552–1622, 1630–1669. 95, 209: Correspondence with Prussia and Spain, 1591–1699. 104: Court case between the King of Denmark and Gdansk concerning the capture of Dutch ships, 1564–1565. 110: Reports and negotiations, conrmations of privileges, and correspondence related to political and commercial relations with Latvia, 1556–1615. 111–113, 142, 145–147: Reports and negotiations, conrmations of privileges, and correspondence related to political and commercial relations with the Netherlands, papers regarding a conict concerning the Hanseatic ofce in Antwerp, 1519, 1534–1676. 118, 164: Correspondence with the Kings of Poland on commercial issues, 1459–1462, 1578–1590. 137: Correspondence with Mecklenburg, 1530–1557. 143: Correspondence with Lübeck, 1526–1615. 174: List of Gdansk’s losses related to the capture and sinking of ships by the English, and complaint submitted in Lübeck, 1487, 1564–1565.

Accessibility Inventory.

1690

poland

Record creator / provenance The Hanseatic League came into existence in the middle of the twelfth century. From the beginning of the thirteenth century, the Hanse had a trade monopoly on the Baltic and North Seas operating on the axis between Novgorod, Reval (Tallinn), Riga, Gdansk (Danzig), Lübeck, Hamburg, Bruges (Brugge) and London. In the middle of the fourteenth century, the Hanse became a union of towns that was fully prepared to protect the interests of its merchants. At that time it united over a hundred northern towns. In the fourteenth and fteenth century, Hanseatic trade increased. Ships reached further into Spain and Portugal, and the exchange over land went as far as southern Germany and Italy. Increasingly more new competitors appeared on the North and Baltic Seas, however: merchants from England and the Netherlands. In the sixteenth century, the Hanseatic League as a whole was clearly on the decline despite the fact that some large towns like Gdansk and Hamburg distinctly ourished. Partly as a result of the Thirty Years’ War the Hanseatic League eventually ceased to exist in the second half of the seventeenth century. The Hanse was an organisation that tried to secure the development of sea trade and sought to gain trading privileges for its members all over northern Europe (thus establishing a monopoly against foreign merchants), as well as seeking to protect ships and goods from pirates. The League also functioned as a large nancial body that tried to establish a set rate for the price of merchandise and an exchange of various coins circulating in the Hanseatic world. Within the League, the towns started to specialise. The more important Hanseatic towns can be characterised by the following terms: • • • • • • • • •

Lübeck: merchants’ house (Kaufhaus) Cologne (Köln): wine warehouse Brunswick (Braunschweig): arsenal Gdansk: grain warehouse Szczecin (Stettin): herring warehouse Luneburg: salt warehouse Rostock: malt warehouse Cracow: copper warehouse Visby: pitch warehouse.

The decisions about the most vital matters for a proper functioning of the economic system of the whole region were taken at Hanse Diets (Hansetage), at which the representatives of towns from various corners of northern Europe gathered. These assemblies functioned as the main authority of the

state archives in gdansk

1691

League. Declarations of war and peace, the common policy of Hanseatic towns, privileges, deputation, resolving conicts and the admission of new members admission, all these matters were discussed at the Hanseatic Diets. Sometimes the members decided upon armed operation against pirates, at other times the pirates were paid to protect the trade routes on which the League’s ships were sailing. The rst League Diet was held in Lübeck in 1356. The frequency of the assemblies varied, since there convention depended on the importance of any matters at hand (in the fourteenth century the assemblies were called one and a half to two times every two years, and in the fteenth century three times every three years, on average). The last Hanse Diet was held in 1669, also in Lübeck. This time the representatives of only six towns appeared: Lübeck, Bremen, Hamburg, Cologne, Brunswick and Gdansk. During the time between Diets, the Wendish towns were in charge of leading the League and representing it to the outside world. Lübeck in particular took charge of this task, ofcially from 1418. Hanse district Diets complemented the general ones. From the fourteenth century to the middle of the sixteenth century three League districts existed. The rst one, led by Lübeck, consisted of Wendish, Saxon, Pomeranian and Brandenburg towns. The second one, initially led by Dortmund and then Cologne, consisted of Westphalian, Prussian and Rhineland towns (including the towns in the Eastern Netherlands). The third district comprised Livonian towns and was led by Visby and Riga. In 1494 a reorganisation was carried out and the following districts emerged: the Lübeck district (with Hamburg, Rostock, Stralsund and Wismar), the Westphalian district, represented by Cologne, and the Saxon district, comprising also Prussian and Livonian towns, represented by Brunswick. In the middle of the sixteenth century the latter, as a result of competition between Gdansk and Brunswick, divided into two separate districts: the Saxon district with Brunswick, and the Prussian and Livonian district represented by Gdansk. Regional Diets played a much more important role in solving the local problems than the district ones. They were organised frequently, even several times a year. The work done at regional assemblies helped in preparing for the general Hanse Diets and in drawing up the resolutions decided upon at these Diets. A municipal government was the lowest and most basic managing body of the union. It was the municipal governments that sent their representatives to the Hanse Diets, called Regional Diets, and negotiated and corresponded with other towns. Gdansk, next to Lübeck, Bremen, Hamburg and Cologne, in the fteenth century became one of the most important towns of the Hanseatic League.

1692

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It took part in all Diets and its representatives were part of the deputations sent by the Hanse to various royal courts. Custodial history During World War II, the material was initially transferred to Western Pomerania, later to the USSR. It was returned to Gdansk in 1957. Visually attractive Various privileges of the Hanseatic League are visually attractive. Related materials • • • • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Gdansk Town Records—Guilds (reference code: PL/10/300,C). Gdansk Town Records—Bibliotheca Archivi (reference code: PL/10/ 300,R). Elblag Town Records (reference code: PL/10/369,1). Elblag Manuscript Collection (reference code: PL/10/492).

Publications Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). • Dollinger, Phillippe, Dzieje Hanzy (Gdansk, 1975); translation of La Hanse (Paris, 1974). • Flis, Stanisaw, Zjazdy Hanzy. Katalog wystawy (Gdansk, 1997). • Hanserecesse, Vols. I–IV, 1256–1560 (1870–1941). • Hansisches Urkundenbuch, ed. K. Höhlbaum et al. (1876–1939). • Hansische Geschichtsquellen (1875–1894). • Quellen und Darstellungen zur hansischen Geschichte (1960–1968). • Niederländische Akten und Urkunden zur Geschichte der deutschen Hanse und zur deutschen Seegeschichte, ed. R. Häpke (1913–1923). • Urkundenbuch der Stadt Lübeck (1843–1932). • Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970). •

Gdansk Town Records—Hel Record group Gdansk Town Records—Hel Akta miasta Gdaska—Hel

state archives in gdansk Reference code Period Extent

1693

: PL/10/300/14 : 1526–1814 : 106 items, 11.4 metres

Abstract The record group consists of town laws and laws of wreck, regulations for sailors and shermen from the town of Hel, bills from the lighthouse, regulations for maintaining forests, reports about the activities of the French Navy (1807–1814), an inventory of the church properties in Hel, a list of deceased citizens in 1812 and administrative records, as well as papers concerning contributions, shing and hunting for seals, the collection of amber, seashore watch ofcers, and church, school and nancial issues. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1550–1800 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden, various countries : Latin, Low German

Relevant materials include the following (all nos. start with 300/14/): • • • • •

•

1–4, 117, 123–129: Reports and correspondence regarding the territory and town of Hel, 1550–1786, 1800. 14: Regulations for sailors and shermen from the town of Hel, 1640. 33: Law of wreck, 1623–1812. 41: Papers concerning customs and excise at the entrance to Gdansk harbour under Prussian occupation, 1798–1806. 114, 115: Correspondence of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Hel and citizens of the town with the town council in Gdansk, 1577–1578, 1623–1626, 1668. 116, 131, 132: Town law and privileges for the citizens of the town of Hel, 1552, 1583, 1621.

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance The landed properties of Gdansk were not only situated within the town, but also in the region around it. Hel (on a peninsula north of Gdansk) was a small “private town” under the administration of the Gdansk town council.

1694

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This part of Gdansk’s jurisdiction contained the town of Hel itself, half of the Hel Peninsula and the seashore between the borders of the lands of the Cistercian Monastery in Oliwa, the fortress in Wisloujscie and the territory around the entrance to Gdansk harbour. Custodial history The materials have been kept at the State Archives in Gdansk since 1901. During World War II, they were transferred to Western Pomerania and later on to the USSR. They were returned to the State Archives in Gdansk in 1957. Related materials • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Elblag Town Manuscript Collection (reference code: PL/10/492).

Publications • • •

Bär, M., Das Königliche Staatsarchiv in Danzig, seine Begründung, seine Einrichtungen und seine Bestände (Leipzig, 1912). Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

Gdansk Town Records—Hospitals Record group Gdansk Town Records—Hospitals Akta Miasta Gdaska—Szpitale Reference code : PL/10/300,61 Period : 1394–1826 Extent : 88 items, 0.5 metres Abstract This collection consists of records from various hospitals in the town of Gdansk.

state archives in gdansk

1695

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1450–1792 : Germany, Poland, the Netherlands, various countries : Low German

Relevant papers include the following (all nos. start with 300,61/): • • •

66: Privileges of St. Jacob’s Hospital (1415–1561). 67: Correspondence and agreements between the sailors’ guild and the hospital (1507–1520, 1597). 67–70, 72–73: Financial records and administration of the hospital capital (1512–1550, 1564, 1580, 1792).

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance Hospitals were established in Gdansk in the fourteenth century. Some of them, like St. Jacob’s hospital, were not only hospitals but also old people’s homes for retired captains and sailors. Custodial history The archives of various hospitals were brought together as one collection in the Old City Archives in Gdansk in the seventeenth century. Between 1943 and 1945, the collection was kept in central Germany, and after 1945 was moved to the USSR. In 1957, part of it was transferred back to Gdansk. Related materials • • • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Gdansk Town Records—Privileges and Correspondence from 1525 (reference code: PL/10/300,53). Gdansk Town Records—Bibliotheca Archivi (reference code: PL/10/ 300,R). Gdansk Town Records—Guilds (reference code: PL/10/300,C).

Publications •

Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992).

1696 •

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Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

Gdansk Town Records—Libri Memorandorum Record group Gdansk Town Records—Libri Memorandorum Akta miasta Gdaska—Libri Memorandorum Reference code : PL/10/300,59 Period : 1294, 1373–1770, 1798 Extent : 43 items, 3.5 metres Abstract The record group consists of copies of letters sent by the Gdansk town council to the meetings of the Pomeranian self-government and letters sent from these meetings to Gdansk. This correspondence concerns commerce, shipping, contracts, bankruptcies, handicrafts, Gdansk citizenship, testaments, conicts between guilds, lists of guild ofcers and masters, implementation of the law of wreck, civil law cases in which one of the parties was threatened to be jailed, conscations by the customs ofce, and letters of attorney. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1457–1770 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Latin, Low German

Nos. 300,59/7–41 consist of town books, pertaining to the sessions of the Gdansk town council, and copies of diplomatic correspondence. These papes concern shipping, commerce, contracts, bankruptcies, handicrafts, Gdansk citizenship, lists of guild ofcials, implementation of the law of wreck, civil law cases in which one of the parties was threatened with imprisonment or ogging, and conscations by the customs ofce. The materials date from the years 1457–1587, 1592–1601, 1607–1639, 1650–1663, 1665–1667, 1761–1770. Accessibility Inventory.

state archives in gdansk

1697

Record creator / provenance The sessions of the Gdansk town council were initially recorded in the so-called town books. Later, new series on specic issues were introduced, such as the Hanseatic League or Missiva. The earliest separate series was related to administration and court cases of the town council, and was called Libri Memorandorum. Custodial history During World War II, the materials were rst transferred to Malbork, and later to central Germany. In 1947 they were returned to Gdansk. Related materials • • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Gdansk Town Records—Guilds (reference code: PL/10/300,C). Gdansk Town Records—Bibliotheca Archivi (reference code: PL/10/ 300,R).

Publications • •

Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

Gdansk Town Records—Maps and Plans Record group Gdansk Town Records—Maps and Plans Akta miasta Gdaska—Mapy i plany Reference code : PL/10/300/MP Period : 1520–1937 Extent : 1263 items, 3.00 metres Abstract The collection contains mainly manuscript maps and plans ordered by the ofces of the town of Gdansk from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century. The maps and plans were produced as part of projects to rebuild Gdansk

1698

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harbour entrance (and for example show soundings) or to construct defensive town fortications. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1520–1937 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, Low German, Polish

The material consists of maps produced for various ofces and ordered by the town council of Gdansk. Most of them are hand-drawn coloured maps of the Vistula River and the entrance to the harbour of Gdansk with soundings of the harbour canal. They were hand-drawn by engineers employed by the town council, mainly from the Netherlands. There are also some charts of the Polish coast and the Gulf of Gdansk dating from the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, as well as some drawings by Walther Clemmens, the sixteenth-century Gdansk harbour engineer. His and the other engineers’ manuscript plans of the harbour canal are the best sources for tracing changes in the course of the Vistula River and harbour developments from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries. Furthermore, the materials include projects to reconstruct the Gdansk fortications and buildings by Dutch architects like Anton van Oberbergen (1543–1611) and Jacob van den Block (1577–1653). (All nos. begin with 300/MP/.) •

• • •

1, 5, 6, 12, 31, 44, 45, 55, 74, 75, 88, 103, 104, 400, 589, 623, 627–629, 634, 640, 650, 662–664, 786, 898, 1183, 1239: Plans of the town of Gdansk, its harbour and fortications, by C. van der Bosch, Morgener, J. Hadrian, U. Paterson, J. Patzer, J. Strakowski, G. Strakowski and Charpentier, 1619, 1620, 1630, 1637, 1650, 1656, 1660, 1665, 1674, 1680, 1700, 1734–1736, 1744–1750, 1763, 1780, 1792–1800. 24, 46, 56, 105, 108, 109, 112: Plans of the shipyard area, by P. Willer and Niedermeyer, 1617, 1690, 1697, 1763, 1770. 38, 590: Plans of St. Jacob’s Hospital and the old people’s home for sailors in Gdansk, by Charpentier, 1725, 1792. 39, 609, 660, 661, 665–668, 722–725, 727–731, 733–737, 740–743, 746, 784, 816, 819, 824, 911, 1169, 1208, 1210: Plans of the entrance to the interior harbour in Gdansk at the Motlawa River, and of fortications around the harbour canal in Gdansk, by Hedding, Haselau, E. Strackwitz, G. Strackwitz and Charpentier, 1626, 1639, 1648, 1650–1652, 1660, 1665–1667, 1672, 1690, 1725–1739, 1764, 1772.

state archives in gdansk • •

•

•

• • • • • • • •

• •

1699

73, 76, 94, 98, 157, 1205: Plans of market places and fair grounds in Gdansk, 1677, 1680, 1700, 1750. 171, 185, 259, 263, 291, 503, 521, 601, 613, 614, 618, 620, 658, 670, 671, 676–720, 774–781, 787, 844, 903, 905, 907, 1128–1130, 1157–1161, 1163: Plans of the entrance to Gdansk harbour and the fortications of the Wisloujscie fortress, by G. Strakowski, I. Clove, C. Neubayer and Ranisch, 1606, 1630–1639, 1649–1674, 1680–1684, 1690, 1691, 1700–1707, 1725, 1730–1736, 1750–1760, 1772, 1785–1790, 1800. 179, 182, 190, 202–206, 247–255, 258, 261, 262, 592: Plans of the entrance to Gdansk harbour and the Vistula River, with measurements of depth, by G. Strackwitz, J. Gellentin, Skepsgard and C. Runger, 1634, 1672, 1678, 1680, 1698, 1701, 1708, 1716, 1728–1732, 1743, 1746, 1751, 1761–1763, 1771, 1783. 304, 305, 356, 357, 496, 497, 528, 529, 554, 570, 580, 586: Map of the seashore near Gdansk east of the harbour, 1594, 1687, 1700, 1705, 1718, 1730, 1744, 1757, 1779. 509, 532: Sailor’s maps of Gdansk Bay, by W. Clemens, 1596, 1670. 526, 843, 904, 1221: Maps of the town of Puck and Gdansk Bay, by P. Langau, 1656, 1660, 1669. 530, 555, 557, 1096: Map of Vistula Bay near Elblag and Tolkmicko, with measurements of depth, 1611, 1684, 1691, 1732. 986: Plan of the building of the mint in Gdansk, 1797. 1181: Plans of navigation marks, and technical projects, 1660. 1185: Map of Hel peninsula and the seashore, 1694. 1228, 1249: Maps of Prussia by C. Henneberger, 1627, and of Germany by Nicolaus J. Piscator, 1630. 1234, 1235: Plans of the churches of St. Mary’s and St. John’s in Gdansk, with description of tombstones and chapels (e.g. sailors’ chapels), 1730–1750. 1243: Map of Königsberg, 1650. 1247–1249: Atlases with plans of the entrance to Gdansk harbour and the fortications of the Wisloujscie fortress, by J. Gellentin and H. Pfeffer, with measurements of depth in the harbour canal and Gdansk Bay, and the development of the coastal line and fortications defending the harbour entrance, 1595–1840.

Accessibility Inventory. The materials have to be consulted on microlm.

1700

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Record creator / provenance The various holdings of maps and plans were originally part of the records of different city ofces. All these maps and plans were merged into one large collection in the City Hall Archives at the end of nineteenth century. Custodial history The collection was deposited in the State Archives in Gdansk in 1900. Part of the collection was destroyed in 1945. Visually attractive The collection includes many manuscript maps and plans. Copies The collection has been microlmed. 75 per cent has been digitised. Related materials • • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Elblag Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/369). King of Prussia Fortication Ofce in Gdansk (reference code: PL/ 10/1121).

Publications • •

•

• •

Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku, (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Flis, S., “Mapy morskie w zasobie archiwum Pastwowego w Gdasku”, in: Z dziejów kartograi. Mapy Poudniowego Batyku, ed. M. Stelmacha (Szczecin, 1997), pp. 207–218. Groth, P., “Cenniejsze zabytki kartograczne w. XVII–XVIII znajduj ce si w Wojewódzkim Archiwum Pastwowym w Gdasku”, in: Studia i materiay do dziejów wielkopolski i Pomorza, 4 (1958), pp. 373–397. Szeliga, J., Rozwój kartograi Wybrze a Gdaskiego do 1772 roku (Wrocaw, 1982). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka, and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

state archives in gdansk

1701

Gdansk Town Records—Militaria Record group Gdansk Town Records—Militaria Akta miasta Gdaska—Militaria Reference code : PL/10/300,18 Period : 1520–1815 Extent : 241 items, 8.0 metres Abstract This record group concerns the army of Gdansk. It includes regulations related to military crews and militias, lists of soldiers, inventories of weapons and ammunition and various other papers concerning expenses on weapons and munitions, soldiers’ pay, municipal fortications and the Wisloujscie fortress, courts martial, military history and costal defence. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1520–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Latin, Low German

Relevant items include the following (all nos. start with 300,18/): •

• •

• • •

•

10–14, 170–172: Correspondence, papers regarding the army’s maintenance, purchase of munition for the defence of Gdansk, the Wisloujscie fortress and the entry to Gdansk harbour, 1520, 1568–1683, 1688–1707, 1712–1808. 16a–17b, 39–112, 114, 189–191: Papers concerning court martials, proceedings against soldiers and sailors, and military law, 1573–1809. 18, 20–21, 169: Papers regarding the construction of and repairs to the town, harbour and fortications of the Wisloujscie fortress, 1563– 1715. 22–23, 38, 192: Inventories of weapons and ammunition in the Wisloujscie fortress, 1573–1790. 26–27, 37: Papers pertaining to military history and technologies in Europe, 1535, 1563–1739. 150–159: Financial books of the Wisloujscie fortress, papers regarding subsistence costs of the fortress, and lists of crew members, 1576–1578, 1580–1590, 1658. 161: Permits for the shipping of beer for the army, 1659–1669.

1702

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Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance From medieval times to the nineteenth century Gdansk had its own army. It was responsible for the defence of the town and harbour of Gdansk and the Wisloujscie fortress. During wars involving the Polish Kingdom, the Gdansk army fought as part of the Polish army. It was supervised by the mayors of Gdansk, while it was equiped and supplied with provisions by the town council (for which reason the City Archives since the sixteenth century had a separate series related to this army). Custodial history Part of the materials got lost as the building of the State Archives was destroyed in 1945. During World War II, the papers were initially transferred to Western Pomerania, later to the USSR. They were returned to Gdansk in 1957. Related materials • • • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Gdansk Town Records—Guilds (reference code: PL/10/300,C). Gdansk Town Records—Bibliotheca Archivi (reference code: PL/10/ 300,R). Gdansk Town Records—Maps and Plans (reference code: PL/10/ 300,MP).

Publications • •

Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

Gdansk Town Records—Minutes of the Town Council Record group Gdansk Town Records—Minutes of the Town Council Akta miasta Gdaska—Recesy Rady

state archives in gdansk Reference code Period Extent

1703

: PL/10/300/31 : (1402) 1570–1793 : 67 items, 4.0 metres

Abstract This collection consists of the minutes of the town council meetings of Gdansk. They concern various subjects, such as unrest and incidents, (diplomatic) relations with the Netherlands, France, England, Denmark, Sweden, Prussia and Russia, military matters, trade and shipping, and the census of 1770. Also included is some correspondence, among which is some conscated Swedish military and diplomatic correspondence. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1450–1794 : Denmark, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Latin, Low German, various languages

Relevant with regard to trade, shipping and diplomatic relations are the following items (all nos. start with 300/31): •

•

•

• • •

•

9h: Swedish military and diplomatic correspondence, captured during the Polish-Swedish ghts in 1657, including Swedish chancellery codes, 1655–1656. 13, 33f: Copies of diplomatic records and trade contracts between the town of Gdansk and England, France and the Netherlands, 1402–1721 and 1752–1753. 15a, 17, 19, 24–26, 90–93b, 96–99, 111–114: Diplomatic correspondence of groups of envoys from Gdansk in Denmark, Sweden, Russia and Prussia, 1665–1792. 43b-43d: Documents regarding the bankruptcy of the Gdansk merchant Wernicke, including correspondence of the town council, 1761–1764. 43b-43d: Notes on the history of trade and diplomacy of the town of Gdansk, 1760–1773. 94: Documents regarding the activities of the Royal Commission in Gdansk harbour, the rights of the Polish kings with regard to the harbour, and the palowe (a special customs duty imposed on goods and ships in the towns of Gdansk and Elblag), 1667. 100–106: Census list of the inhabitants of the town of Gdansk, containing information on their professions, and including merchants and sailors, 1770.

1704 •

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115–131: Documents regarding the Prussian invasion of the Wisloujscie fortress and the occupation of the town of Gdansk, including plans of Wisloujscie fortress and a plan of defence of Gdansk harbour, 1772– 1793.

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance The town council of Gdansk met regularly and took decisions concerning the most important issues regarding internal and external affairs of the town. Minutes and resolutions of the council are preserved in various departments of the old archives of the town of Gdansk, depending on the matter dealt with. The records concerning the important general issues are preserved in this record group (Recesy Rady). Custodial history These items were preserved in the municipal archives in the main town hall of Gdansk until 1901, when they were moved to the Royal Prussian State Archives and subsequently to the State Archives of the Free City of Gdansk. During World War II, the collection was transferred to Western Pomerania and later to the USSR. It was regained by Poland in 1957 and placed in the State Archives in Gdansk. Copies Scans and microlms of the collection are available. Related materials • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Gdansk Town Records—Bibliotheca Archivi (reference code: PL/10/300/ R).

Publications • • •

Bär, M., Das Königliche Staatsarchiv in Danzig, seine Begründung, seine Einrichtungen und seine Bestände (Leipzig, 1912). Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Dragan, M., “Recesy gdaskie i ich warto  zastpcza w stosunku do utraconych róde archiwalnych”, in: Archeion, 21 (1952).

state archives in gdansk •

•

1705

Recke, W., Die Bedeutung des Danziger Staatsarchivs für die politische Geschichte Europas, Festschrift zur Feier des 25 Jährigen Bestehens des Staatsarchivs (Gdansk, 1929). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

Gdansk Town Records—Municipal Police Record group Gdansk Town Records—Municipal Police Akta miasta Gdaska—Weta-Sprawy policyjno-handlowe Reference code : PL/10/300/58 Period : 1573–1794, 1807–1814 Extent : 117 items, 5.60 metres Abstract This record group consists of the records of the municipal police of the town of Gdansk. It contains records of court proceedings and rulings, and appeals to the council, and documents regarding the activities of the municipal police, the breach of regulations and customs, the charging of fees and nes, and the supervision of trade and business. It also includes collections of laws and regulations of the municipal authorities. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1481–1794 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Latin, Low German

Relevant with regard to the regulation of trade are the following items (all nos. start with 300/58/): •

•

1–15, 17–32, 37, 76, 84, 85, 87, 88, 90, 111: Reports, correspondence and accounts of the municipal police and the trade court, 1574–1794, with gaps. 43, 45, 47–50, 55, 56, 77–83, 114, 117, 120, 121: Regulations regarding trade, excise duties and prices, and regulations concerning merchants, brokers and grain surveyors, 1573–1814.

1706 • • •

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59: Regulations on weights and measures, 1550–1600. 95: Letters of attorney and passes, 1481, 1545–1621. 97–103: Town laws of Gdansk, with amendments, 1671–1768.

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance The ofce of the municipal police enforced the urban resolutions and other regulations under authority of the town council, although big trading rms were generally supervised by the town council itself. The municipal police also imposed nes for minor offences. Serious crimes were taken to the court and appeals were handled by the council. The cases that were handled by the police regarded mostly the organisation of trade, weights and measures, prices, crafts, construction, sanitary conditions, overdressing and lavish family ceremonies (weddings, baptisms). The municipal police could also charge public order offences, robbery, unlawful use of weapons, theft, rape and prostitution, it could judge paternity cases and was in charge of granting permits for construction work. The ofce resided under the Commission of the Chambers. Custodial history These items were preserved at the municipal archives in the main town hall of the town of Gdansk until 1901, when they were moved to the Royal Prussian State Archives and subsequently to the State Archives of the Free City of Gdansk. During World War II, the collection was transferred to Western Pomerania and later to the USSR. It was regained by Poland in 1957 and placed in the State Archives in Gdansk. Copies Scans and microlms of this record group are available. Related materials • • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Gdansk Town Records—Bibliotheca Archivi (reference code: PL/10/300/ R). Elblag Town Manuscript Collections (reference code: PL/10/492).

state archives in gdansk

1707

Publications • • • •

Bär, M., Das Königliche Staatsarchiv in Danzig, seine Begründung, seine Einrichtungen und seine Bestände (Leipzig, 1912). Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., “Gdaski Urz d Wetowy”, in: Archeion, 34 (1961).

Gdansk Town Records—New Town of Gdansk Record group Gdansk Town Records—New Town of Gdansk Akta miasta Gdaska—Mode Miasto (Jungstadt) Reference code : PL/10/300/82 Period : 1400–1455 Extent : 2 items, 0.1 metres Abstract These records include reports of the meetings of the council of the New Town (Jungstadt), trade agreements, copies of correspondence of the town council and lists of people who gained citizenship. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1450–1455 : Germany, Poland, various countries : Latin, Low German

Both items include relevant information (both nos. start with 10/300/82/): • •

1: Citizens book, with lists of citizens, 1400–1455. 2: Reports and regulations of the council of the New Town of Gdansk, trade and political agreements, and correspondence, 1400–1455.

Accessibility Inventory.

1708

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The materials have to be consulted on microlm (nos. E-54480–54481). Record creator / provenance The New Town of Gdansk was founded in 1380 by the Teutonic Order in Prussia as an economic and trade centre competing with the main and old town of Gdansk. The New Town was completely destroyed during the Thirteen Years’ War (1454–1466) in Prussia between the Polish Kingdom and the Teutonic Order. Custodial history The materials were kept among the holdings of the old town council in Gdansk from the fteenth to the end of the nineteenth century. Between 1901 to 1944, they were stored at the State Archives in Gdansk. During World War II, they were moved to Western Pomerania, to be returned to the State Archives in Gdansk in 1946. Related materials • • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Gdansk Town Records—Bibliotheca Archivi (reference code: PL/10/300/ R). Elblag Town Manuscripts Collection (reference code: PL/10/492).

Publications • • •

Bär, M., Das Königliche Staatsarchiv in Danzig, seine Begründung, seine Einrichtungen und seine Bestände (Leipzig, 1912). Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

Gdansk Town Records—Ofce of the Presiding Mayor Record group Gdansk Town Records—Ofce of the Presiding Mayor Akta miasta Gdaska—Urzd Prezydiujcego Burmistrza Reference code : PL/10/300/1 Period : 1559–1794, 1807–1814 Extent : 433 items, 17.0 metres

state archives in gdansk

1709

Abstract This record group consists of the records of the ofce of the presiding mayor of the town of Gdansk. It contains decisions in court cases, testaments, ships’ passports, reports on legations, and documents regarding cases of shipwreck, and inheritance and guardianship cases. Also included are documents regarding the Wisloujscie fortress, pilots and supervisors of the roadstead, taxes, safe-conducts for Jews, and appeals against decisions made by other institutions. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1559–1794 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Latin, Low German

Relevant with regard to trade and shipping, especially shipwrecks, are the following items (all nos. start with 300/1/): •

•

•

1–133, 135–153, 359, 360, 362–364: Reports of the ofce of the presiding mayor, containing ships’ passports and documents regarding shipwrecks, including testimonies of the crew, valuations of losses, inventories of goods and equipment, and subsequent disputes between shipowners, captains and crew, and records regarding pilots and supervisors of the roadstead, 1559–1794. 153c–153f, 154–158, 160, 162–175, 177, 178: Documents regarding customs duties and taxes, inheritances, and appeals against decisions of other ofces, 1767–1795. 224–226b, 240–242, 291, 292, 304, 312, 313, 352, 353, 355–358, 365: Ships’ briefs and passports (Seebriefe), 1605, 1750–1782.

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance The mayor chaired the meetings of the council and represented the town outside its borders. He was in charge of the Wisloujscie fortress and its garrison, as well as the pilots and supervisors at the roadstead. The mayor also issued ships’ passports and received notices on shipwrecks and maritime catastrophes, and subsequently settled the disputes between shipowners,

1710

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merchants, captains and crew. Other disputes were tried by the town council. Other responsibilities included the handling of bankruptcies and requests for permission to reside in town, for example by traveling actors, circus performers and peddlers. During his absence, the mayor’s responsibilities were taken over by his deputy, the vice-mayor. Custodial history These items were preserved in the municipal archives in the main town hall of Gdansk until 1901, when they were moved to the Royal Prussian State Archives and subsequently to the State Archives of the Free City of Gdansk. During World War II, the collection was transferred to Western Pomerania and later to the USSR. It was regained by Poland in 1957 and placed in the State Archives in Gdansk. Copies Scans and microlms of the collection are available. Related materials • • • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Gdansk Town Records—Bibliotheca Archivi (reference code: PL/10/300/ R). Gdansk Town Records—Deputy Mayor (reference code: PL/10/300/5) Elblag Town Manuscript Collections (reference code: PL/10/492).

Publications • • •

Bär, M., Das Königliche Staatsarchiv in Danzig, seine Begründung, seine Einrichtungen und seine Bestände (Leipzig, 1912). Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

Gdansk Town Records—Old Town of Gdansk Record group Gdansk Town Records—Old Town of Gdansk Akta miasta Gdaska—Stare Miasto (Altstadt)

state archives in gdansk Reference code Period Extent

1711

: PL/10/300/41 : 1220, 1373–1791 : 245 items, 7.2 metres

Abstract This record group consists of resolutions of the council of the Old Town (Alstadt) of Gdansk, a list of town ofcers, reports from the town council meetings, copies of privileges and contracts and testaments as well as papers concerning disputes with the council of the Main Town (Rechtstadt) of Gdansk on interior policy and appeal issues, Old Town citizenship, registers and case les of the court, disputes with guilds, market places, legacies and debts, economic and legal cases of Jan Hevelius (the astronomer), rents of houses, the old town hall, nancial issues and accounts of the old town council, taxes, res, the administration and nancial issues of the town brickworks, and library and archival nding aids. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1450–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Latin, Low German

Relevant papers include the following (all nos. start with 10/300/41/): •

•

•

1–14, 131–144, 146, 147, 153, 157, 158, 177, 178, 201: Resolutions and correspondence of the old town council, copies of outgoing correspondence on diplomatic, shipping and trade issues, contracts and bankruptcy cases, reports of the town council meetings, and papers concerning Old Town citizenship, 1417–1794. 15–46, 128, 129, 148, 154–156, 159, 160, 171, 172, 179, 188: Registers of the Court, testaments and papers concerning criminal, trade, credit and private cases, market places, and legacies and debts, 1382–1486, 1498–1499, 1530, 1547–1800. 48–78, 130, 149, 150, 164–170, 173–175, 180–185, 189–200: Papers concerning nancial issues and accounts of the old town council, and lists of taxes, 1489–1498, 1501, 1511–1512, 1519, 1523, 1526–1794.

Accessibility Inventory.

1712

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Record creator / provenance The so-called Old Town (Altstadt) of Gdansk, the oldest part of Gdansk, already existed in the tenth century. The town was ofcially founded around the mid-thirteenth century, and was granted Lübeck town law. In 1457, in the privilege for the town of Gdansk, the King of Poland united the Old Town, the Main Town (Rechtstadt) and the old suburbs into one metropolis: the Town of Gdansk. The council of the Main Town would now be the supreme council of Gdansk, which decided on the international, military, nancial and trade policy of Gdansk and citizenship issues. The old town council remained active and now only dealt with interior issues in the territory of the Old Town, such as justice, private and criminal cases, and its nancial issues. The Old Town citizens had ofcial representatives in the main town council from 1457 onward. Custodial history The materials were kept at the State Archives in Gdansk from 1901 to 1943. During World War II, they were rst moved to Marienburg and later to western Germany, to be returned to the State Archives in Gdansk in 1947. Related materials • • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Gdansk Town Records—Bibliotheca Archivi (reference code: PL/10/300/ R). Elblag Town Manuscripts Collection (reference code: PL/10/492).

Publications • • • •

Bär M., Das Königliche Staatsarchiv in Danzig, seine Begründung, seine Einrichtungen und seine Bestände (Leipzig, 1912). Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Kaufmann, J., “Studien zur Geschichte der Altstadt Danzig”, in: Zeitschrift des Westpreussischen Geschichtsvereins, 55 (1913). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

state archives in gdansk

1713

Gdansk Town Records—Privileges and Correspondence from 1525 Record group Gdansk Town Records—Privileges and Correspondence from 1525 Akta miasta Gdaska—Dyplomy i korespondencja po 1525 roku Reference code : PL/10/300,53 Period : 1525–1793 Extent : 714 items, 30 metres Abstract The material contains mainly ofcial correspondence of the town council in Gdansk with various rulers, churches, towns, guild corporations and private persons, which relates to political, military, legal, religious and commercial issues. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1526–1797 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Danish, Dutch, English, French, High German, Italian, Latin, Lithuanian, Low German, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, various languages

The correspondence series include letters exchanged with various states in the Baltic Sea area such as Denmark (1526–1786), Russia (1526–1780) and Sweden (1526–1792), as well as the Dutch Republic (1526–1780). Furthermore, there is correspondence with German towns like Lübeck, Bremen and Hamburg as well as towns in Western Pomerania, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Norway. (All nos. start with 300,53/.) •

•

1–156: Privileges and correspondence from the Kings of Poland for Gdansk, papers concerning conicts and diplomatic agreements between the Polish Kingdom and Gdansk and other countries, 1526–1793. 1–3, 18, 21, 25, 32, 33, 43, 68–70, 84, 91, 92, 94, 95, 99, 116, 133, 575, 1105, 1162, 1191: Papers concerning trade, taxes and harbour issues, 1526–1594, 1636–1696, 1701–1713, 1732, 1790.

1714 • •

• • • • •

• • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • •

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4, 12, 706, 744, 1156–1159, 1161: Papers concerning the freedom of sailing, ships and lost ships, 1532–1600, 1741–1742, 1754–1755. 1, 2, 14, 17, 30, 31, 42, 48–50, 59a, 67–69, 85–90, 96, 101, 130, 135, 136, 148: Papers concerning military issues, wars at sea with Denmark, Russia and Sweden, the Polish navy and harbour defence issues, 1526– 1527, 1546–1572, 1574, 1576–1585, 1588–1605, 1608–1609, 1618–1620, 1625–1648, 1653–1673, 1698–1704, 1707–1721, 1736. 157–217a: Correspondence from ofcers of the Polish Royal Administration, 1527–1783. 60: Political reports from Rome, Venice, Antwerp and Vienna, 1594– 1595. 297, 314–318: Correspondence from Vilnius and Lithuanian towns, 1526–1784. 323–326: Correspondence from Braniewo, 1528–1790. 338–374: Correspondence from Elblag, 1534–1545, 1566–1588, 1590– 1607, 1614–1617, 1620–1627, 1630–1655, 1666–1694, 1707–1728, 1731–1732, 1738, 1740, 1748–1793. 375: Correspondence from Frombork, 1528–1789. 416, 417, 1077: Correspondence from Puck, 1528–1666, 1740, 1786– 1789. 431: Correspondence from Tolkmicko, 1530–1657. 473–503, 820–822: Correspondence from Prussian princes, kings and towns, 1526–1790. 501, 526–576, 1083: Correspondence from Königsberg, 1526–1793. 504: Correspondence from Balga, 1551–1776. 525: Correspondence from Klaipeda, 1530–1792. 598: Correspondence from Pillau (Baltijsk), 1540–1790. 625–629: Correspondence from Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and correspondence with the towns of Arensburg, Tartu, Wenden, Narva and Pärnu, 1527–1785. 630: Correspondence from Riga, 1526–1573, 1575–1578, 1580–1619, 1630–1707, 1710–1744, 1751–1793. 639–645: Correspondence from Courland, 1528–1628, 1630–1770. 646: Correspondence from Liepaja (Libau), 1603–1771. 647: Correspondence from Mitau (Jelgava), 1624–1785. 648–661: Correspondence from Western Pomeranian princes, 1526–1578, 1580–1588, 1590–1600, 1603–1619, 1621–1643, 1711–1777. 669–673: Correspondence from Darlowo, 1531–1568, 1571–1598, 1602–1686, 1702–1787. 674, 704–712, 1083: Correspondence from Szczecin (Stettin), 1526– 1793. 679, 680: Correspondence from Kamien Pomorski, 1527–1775.

state archives in gdansk • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1715

681, 682: Correspondence from Kolobrzeg (Kolberg), 1575–1737, 1749–1792. 713: Correspondence from Swinoujscie, 1771–1789. 714: Correspondence from Trzebiatow, 1527–1778. 759–774: Correspondence from Denmark, 1526–1557, 1559, 1565, 1572–1624, 1626–1647, 1649–1698, 1700–1762, 1766–1793. 776: Correspondence from Copenhagen, 1554, 1605–1785. 790, 791: Correspondence from Asia, 1615–1736. 794–801: Correspondence from the Netherlands, 1526–1546, 1552–1598, 1601–1793. 802–804: Correspondence from Amsterdam, 1527–1600, 1632–1780. 805: Correspondence from the Holy Roman Empire, 1526–1553, 1559– 1758. 827–832, 1012: Papers concerning nancial issues, loans and debts, and money exchange, 1542–1548, 1713–1747. 838, 906, 907: Correspondence from Bremen, 1554–1767. 843, 844: Correspondence from the Friesian islands and Dittmarschen, 1527–1788. 857–864: Correspondence from towns of Mecklenburg, e.g. Rostock and Wismar, 1526–1604, 1611–1695, 1710–1792. 895: Correspondence from Altona, 1699–1783. 913, 914: Correspondence from Emden, 1529–11583, 1586–1756. 924: Correspondence from the island of Rügen, 1748. 929: Correspondence from Greifswald, 1564–1763. 936–938: Correspondence from Hamburg, 1543–1579, 1581–1600, 1624–1781. 958: Correspondence from Lübeck, 1549, 1568–1781. 989–991: Correspondence from Rostock, 1526–1788. 1000–1002: Correspondence from Stralsund, 1526–1556, 1565–1628, 1641–1792. 1005: Correspondence from Uckermünde and Usedom, 1545–1783. 1010–1012: Correspondence from Wismar, 1536–1627, 1699–1789. 1013: Correspondence from Wolgast, 1578–1746. 1014: Correspondence from Wollin, 1588–1779. 1021–1032: Correspondence from Russia, 1576–1619, 1676–1791. 662, 1035–1061: Correspondence from Sweden, 1526–1792. 1061: Correspondence from Stockholm, 1584, 1599, 1688–1792. 1062–1065: Correspondence from Tallinn (Reval), 1526–1549, 1551– 1564, 1569–1592, 1599–1790. 1164–1177, 1187: Instructions, correspondence and reports of Gdansk representatives to the town council on political issues, 1528–1608, 1652.

1716

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Accessibility Inventory. The materials can be consulted on microlm (nos. E-34474–35675). Record creator / provenance The holdings of incoming correspondence belonged to the Town Council Chancellery Ofce and were formed in the rst half of the sixteenth century by combining materials from the Chancellery Ofces of the Main Town and the Old Town. Because of the various partitions of Poland and after the reorganisation of the Town Council Chancellery Ofce at the end of the eighteenth century, the collection was deposited at the Town Council Archives. Copies The materials have been microlmed. Related materials • •

Gdansk Town Records—Privileges and Correspondence until 1525 (reference code: PL/10/300/D). Gdansk Town Records—Copies of Outgoing Correspondence (Missiva) (reference code: PL/10/300/27).

Publications • •

Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka, and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

Gdansk Town Records—Privileges and Correspondence until 1525 Record group Gdansk Town Records—Privileges and Correspondence until 1525 Akta Miasta Gdaska—Dyplomy i korespondencja do 1525 roku

state archives in gdansk Reference code Period Extent

1717

: PL/10/300,D : 1258–1808 : 18640 items, 76.8 metres

Abstract The record group includes: privileges and charters for the town of Gdansk from the kings of Poland and other parties; documents pertaining to guarantees of freedom of trade and shipping, and legal, military, political and diplomatic issues; and correspondence to the town of Gdansk from various kingdoms, towns and religious organisations, including Rome, the Teutonic Order, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, England, Scotland, Spain, Portugal, France, Russia, Western Pomerania, Germany, the Hanseatic League, Turkey, Austria and Hungary. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1450–1797 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Danish, Dutch, English, French, High German, Italian, Latin, Low German, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, various languages

Relevant materials are chiey to be found among the privileges and incoming correspondence (all nos. start with 300,D/): • • • • • • • • •

1,1–5c,211: Privileges and charters from the kings of Poland for Gdansk, 1454–1698. 6,1–521: Agreements between Gdansk and the Polish state, and church administration, 1228–1578, 1750. 8,1–206: Correspondence from Lithuania, 1416–1525, 1561. 9,1–402: Correspondence from Latvia and Courland, 1397–1540. 10,1–8: Correspondence from Russia, 1497–1767. 11,1–3411: Correspondence from Sweden, 1346–1630. 12,1–10: Privileges for Gdansk from the kings of Denmark, 1368– 1532. 13,81–265: Correspondence from Danish trade institutions, 1453– 1506. 14,266–463: Trade correspondence from Danish towns, 1506–1573, 1605.

1718 • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • •

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18,1–52; 19,53–180; 20,181–474: Correspondence from the Netherlands, 1358–1454, 1461–1670. 21,71–241: Correspondence from Bruges, 1443–1544. 22,68–48; 24,1–150: Correspondence from German towns, 1435–1631. 25,1–245: Correspondence from towns on the German coast, located on the west bank of the Oder River, 1376–1521, 1524–1647. 26,1–33; 27,34–49: Correspondence from the Hanseatic League, 1383– 1476, 1487–1519, 1521–1561. 28,113–219; 29,220–325; 30,361–518; 31,519–940: Correspondence from Lübeck, 1440–1462, 1473–1485, 1490–1576. 32,1–176: Correspondence from towns in Mecklenburg, e.g. Rostock and Wismar, 1372–1590. 33,1–554: Correspondence from Western Pomeranian princes, 1314– 1536. 34A,1–36B,171: Correspondence from towns in Western Pomerania, e.g. Leba and Kolobrzeg (Kolberg), 1314–1565. 37,187–256: Correspondence from towns in Eastern Pomerania, including Elblag, 1441–1500. 38,257–613: Correspondence from the High Masters and other members of the Teutonic Order in Prussia, 1454–1525. 39,76–449: Correspondence from members of the Teutonic Order in Prussia and of the St. John’s Knights Order in Pomerania, 1438–1525. 47,1–137: Reports from meetings of representatives of Pomeranian and Prussian towns, 1377–1613. 59,1–135: Correspondence from the Polish Kingdom related to loans and insurance issues, and correspondence related to the towns of Puck and Hel, 1454–1520, 1522–1541, 1544–1578. 62,61–126: Correspondence from Prussian towns and Klaipeda (Memel), 1399–1525. 64,1–152: Correspondence from Prussian towns, including Braniewo and Frombork, 1399–1519. 65,1–66,394: Correspondence from Elblag, 1377–1525. 67,1–401: Correspondence from Königsberg, 1379–1558. 71,1–163: Merchants’ correspondence on trade issues, trade agreements, 1387–1596. 73,1–44: Correspondence from the guilds of Gdansk, 1425–1750. 74,72–307: Reports of Gdansk representatives to the town council, 1441–1454, 1521–1670. 75,1–275: Reports of Gdansk representatives to the town council on military issues, 1454–1465. 77,1–78,161: Reports of Gdansk representatives to the town council on political issues, 1473–1520.

state archives in gdansk • • •

1719

79A,1–89: Correspondence related to the town of Hel, 1351–1525. 81,1–27: Correspondence related to the Old Town and the New Town of Gdansk, 1348–1493. 82,1–82A,8: Correspondence related to court cases, 1380–1797.

Accessibility Inventory. The materials have to be consulted on microlm (nos. E-5056–24259). Record creator / provenance The collection of privileges and incoming correspondence was created by the town council of Gdansk. It made up the greater part of the collection of foreign correspondence in the holdings of the Town Council Archives in Gdansk. That collection was processed and divided into series by town council archivists in the seventeenth century. Custodial history In the rst decades of the nineteenth century, the collection was divided by archivists into two collections: 300,D, “Gdansk Town Records—Privileges and Correspondence until 1525”, and 300,53, “Gdansk Town Records—Privileges and Correspondence from 1525”. The collection described here was kept in central Germany between 1943 and 1945, and after 1945 was moved to the USSR. Part of the collection was transferred back to Gdansk in 1957. Visually attractive The privileges, charters and international treaties can be considered visually attractive. Related materials • • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Gdansk Town Records—Privileges and Correspondence from 1525 (reference code: PL/10/300,53). Gdansk Town Records—Bibliotheca Archivi (reference code: PL/10/ 300,R).

Publications •

Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992).

1720

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Ill. 18. Agreement concluded at Lübeck in September 1557 by delegates from 63 Hanseatic towns and sealed by the representatives of the Hanseatic League districts, Lübeck, Braunschweig (Brunswick), Cologne (Köln) and Gdansk, reconrming previous obligations and rights of the League members, such as common protection of trade routes, expenses for diplomatic missions and defence against enemies. State Archives in Gdansk: “Gdansk Town Records—Privileges and Correspondence until 1525” (reference code: PL/10/300/D), no. 27,47.

state archives in gdansk •

1721

Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

Gdansk Town Records—Records of the Representatives of Royal Prussia Record group Gdansk Town Records—Records of the Representatives of Royal Prussia Akta miasta Gdaska—Recesy Stanów Prus Królewskich Reference code : PL/10/300/29 Period : 1416–1785 Extent : 436 items, 28 metres Abstract This record group consists of the records of the representatives of the town of Gdansk at the Prussian estates. It contains royal statutes for the town of Gdansk (called Karnkowski statutes), town records and records of the Prussian estates, and documents regarding the relations of the town and of Prussia with the Polish king, King Sigismund’s military expedition to Sweden, privileges of towns, the gentry and religious orders, legal matters, the participation of towns and gentry in the diet proceedings, military matters, trade and shing, education, church matters, taxes and other nancial matters. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1450–1798 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Latin, Low German

Relevant with regard to trade, shipping and diplomatic relations are (all nos. start with 300/29/): •

1–244, 249–269, 276, 350, 357–441: Minutes of meetings of the Royal Prussian towns in, among other places, Gdansk and Elblag, reports from proceedings of the Polish diet, and instructions and correspondence regarding diplomatic issues of Gdansk and Poland, 1416–1798.

1722 • • • •

• • • •

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6: Monetary matters, fragment of the monetary treatise by Nicholas Copernicus, 1515–1523. 18, 19: Diplomatic correspondence between Gdansk and the Royal Maritime Commission, 1569–1570. 35, 36, 442–446, 448, 450, 451: Agreements regarding taxes and excise duties, 1531–1740. 39b-39c, 41, 46, 117, 121, 227: Reports regarding the Gdansk and Elblag harbours, customs duties, harbour dues (a special duty imposed on goods and ships in the towns of Gdansk and Elblag), shery and navigation, 1581–1766. 53, 61, 105, 116: Diplomatic correspondence and reports regarding Sweden and King Sigismund III’s voyage to Sweden, 1593–1635. 76, 80: Diplomatic correspondence and reports regarding Brandenburg and Prussia, 1612–1613. 106: Diplomatic correspondence and reports regarding a mission to the Netherlands, 1627. 452–454: Correspondence between the towns of Gdansk and Elblag, 1531–1580.

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance The Prussian estates (or Prussian regional diet), which represented the interests of the burghers and the Pomeranian gentry, became independent in the early fteenth century and in 1454 rebelled against the Teutonic Order. They next subjected themselves to the King of Poland, Casimir Jagiellonczyk, who fully conrmed their privileges and autonomy. The Prussian estates were composed of the lower chamber (representatives of the gentry and smaller towns of Royal Prussia) and the upper chamber (representatives of the towns of Gdansk, Elblag and Torun, as well as dignitaries and church ofcials). From 1569 the representatives of the upper chamber also became members of the senate. From the start of the sixteenth century, however, the representatives of the smaller towns had only limited access to proceedings of the regional diets and in the seventeenth century this access was denied completely. The subjects dealt with in the Prussian diet were the main domestic matters, such as trade, communication, security and coin debasement, as well as the international policy of the Polish state. The Prussian representatives were also interested in the proceedings of the Polish diet, due to the Prussian issues being dealt with there, such as taxes and elections. The Prussian

state archives in gdansk

1723

regional diet ourished in the sixteenth and seventeenth century, but lost its importance from the late seventeenth century. Custodial history These items were preserved in the municipal archives in the main town hall of Gdansk until 1901, when they were moved to the Royal Prussian State Archives and subsequently to the State Archives of the Free City of Gdansk. During World War II, the collection was transferred to Western Pomerania and later to the USSR. It was regained by Poland in 1957 and placed in the State Archives in Gdansk. Copies Scans and microlms of the collection are available. Related materials • • •

Gdansk Town Records (reference code: PL/10/300). Gdansk Town Records—Bibliotheca Archivi (reference code: PL/10/300/ R). Elblag Town Manuscript Collections (reference code: PL/10/492).

Publications • • •

•

Bär, M., Das Königliche Staatsarchiv in Danzig, seine Begründung, seine Einrichtungen und seine Bestände (Leipzig, 1912). Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Recke W., Die Bedeutung des Danziger Staatsarchivs für die politische Geschichte Europas, Festschrift zur Feier des 25 Jährigen Bestehens des Staatsarchivs (Gdansk, 1929). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

Gdansk Town Records—Records of the Town Council Chambers Record group Gdansk Town Records—Records of the Town Council Chambers Akta miasta Gdaska—Recesy Ordynków

1724 Reference code Period Extent

poland : PL/10/300/44 : 1421–1813 : 30 items, 0.30 metres

Abstract This record group consists of the records of the chambers of the town council of Gdansk. It contains resolutions and statutes of the council, oaths of the municipal ofcials, lists of burgomasters, councillors and secretaries of the town, and the administration and statutes of the municipal court and case les. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1421–1671 : Germany, Poland : Latin, Low German

Relevant with regard to the harbour and trade are two items (all nos. start with 300/44/): •

•

4: Regulations and notes regarding the defence of the town and the harbour of Gdansk and regarding supplies of arms in the town depots, 1421–1452. 25–28: Regulations and proceedings regarding the judgement of civil and economic cases, 1572–1650, 1662 and 1671.

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance The great town council was appointed by King Sigismund I in 1526 and was composed of three chambers: the actual council (called First Ordynek), the municipal court (Second Ordynek) and the common folk chamber (Third Ordynek). The third chamber was divided into four parts, among which a shipping and shery department. The competencies of the great council concerned internal and external issues, such as political, military, social, economic, educational and religious matters. It also dealt with petitions from citizens, guilds and associations. The activities of the great council were permanently growing. In order to adopt a resolution, the consent was needed of the actual council and the municipal court and two out of four sections of the common folk chamber.

state archives in gdansk

1725

The chambers proceeded and reported separately. Temporary and permanent commissions and groups of representatives that supervised some ofces were appointed from the members of each chamber. Sometimes the activities of these ofces were the subject of plenary sessions. The number of commissions and groups of representatives was variable. They dealt with fees and taxes, country estates, trade, navigation, supplies of corn, the harbour, military defences and public security. Each chamber had its own competences, which were regulated in the statutes. The statutes regarding the great council are contained in the statutes of the common folk chamber (Third Ordynek). The statutes of the municipal court and the actual council regulated only their own competences. Custodial history These items were preserved in the municipal archives in the main town hall of Gdansk until 1901, when they were moved to the Royal Prussian State Archives and subsequently to the State Archives of the Free City of Gdansk. During World War II, the collection was transferred to Western Pomerania and later to the USSR. It was regained by Poland in 1957 and placed in the State Archives in Gdansk. Copies Scans and microlms of this collection are available. Related materials • • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Gdansk Town Records—Bibliotheca Archivi (reference code: PL/10/ 300/R). Elblag Town Manuscript Collections (reference code: PL/10/492).

Publications • • • •

Bär, M., Das Königliche Staatsarchiv in Danzig, seine Begründung, seine Einrichtungen und seine Bestände (Leipzig, 1912). Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Biernat, Cz., Recesy gdaskich ordynków 1545–1814 (Gdansk, 1958). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

1726

poland

Gdansk Town Records—Registers of Citizens Record group Gdansk Town Records—Registers of Citizens Akta miasta Gdaska—Ksigi obywatelskie i listy rodowe Reference code : PL/10/300/60 Period : 1399–1814 Extent : 8403 items, 23.0 metres Abstract The registers of citizens of the main, old town of Gdansk include lists of citizens of Gdansk, copies of the registers of citizens of the new town of Gdansk, letters of recommendation and citizenship certicates of private persons, certicates of the town orphanage and correspondence in citizenship issues. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1450–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Latin, Low German, Polish

Relevant items include the following (all nos. start with 10/300/60/): • •

1–9: Registers of citizens, with lists of people who acquired citizenship of the town of Gdansk, 1400–1455, 1536–1814. 10–92, 99, 8407–8427: Correspondence on citizenship issues, and certicates from the town court for foreigners who applied for Gdansk citizenship between 1587 and 1818, including many merchants and sailors from the following regions: * Denmark: Fielderup. * Estonia: Tartu. * Germany: Bremen, Delmenhorst, Hamburg, Lübeck, Flensburg, Emden. * Latvia: Riga. * Lithuania: Klaipeda. * Mecklenburg: Stralsund, Greifswald, Wolgast, Rostock.

state archives in gdansk

•

1727

* Netherlands: Amsterdam, Groningen, Kampen, Oosthuizen, Enkhuizen, Groten, Zwolle. * Poland: Gdansk, Elblag, Oksywie, Puck, Tolkmicko, Hel. * Prussia: Königsberg (Kaliningrad), Balga. * Russia. * Sweden: Carlham, Mariestadt. * Western Pomerania: Koszalin, Trzebiatow, Darlowo, Szczecin, Kolobrzeg (Kolberg), Slupsk (Stolp), Rewel, Wolin, Ustka. 101–8406, 8428–8497: Letters of recommendation and citizenship certicates of private persons, including merchants and sailors, 1399–1814.

Accessibility Inventory. The materials have to be consulted on microlm (nos. E-24260–32648). Record creator / provenance These materials belong to the records of the town council of the main town of Gdansk. The special town ofce called Wette (lower town court and municipal police) collected certicates and correspondence in citizenship cases. This ofce was discontinued in 1814. Custodial history From the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries, the materials were part of the holdings of the main Town Council Archives in Gdansk. Between 1901 and 1943, they were kept at the State Archives in Gdansk. During World War II, they were moved to Marienburg and later to Western Germany, to be returned to the State Archives in Gdansk in 1947. Visually attractive The registers of citizens have coloured drawings on their covers. Some of the letters of recommendation of private persons are also visually attractive. Related materials • • • • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Gdansk Town Records—Guilds (reference code: PL/10/300,C). Gdansk Town Records—Bibliotheca Archivi (reference code: PL/10/ 300,R). Elblag Town Manuscripts Collection (reference code: PL/10/492). Elblag Town Records (reference code: PL/10/369/1).

1728

poland

Publications • • • •

Bär, M., Das Königliche Staatsarchiv in Danzig, seine Begründung, seine Einrichtungen und seine Bestände (Leipzig, 1912). Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., “Gdaski urz d wetowy”, in: Archeion, 34 (1961). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

Gdansk Town Records—Reports of Diplomatic Representatives Record group Gdansk Town Records—Reports of Diplomatic Representatives Akta miasta Gdaska—Acta Internuntiorum Civitatis Gedanensis Reference code : PL/10/300/9 Period : 1760–1793 Extent : 2 items, 0.17 metres Abstract The record group includes: protests of the town council of Gdansk against the transgression of the town’s territorial borders by the Prussian army; a balance sheet of Gdansk’s trade between 1751 and 1793; and papers concerning the diplomatic defence of Gdansk by King Stanislaw August of Poland and Empress Catharine II of Russia, and the interpretation of the Polish-Prussian trade treaty of 1765. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1760–1793 : Germany, Poland, Russia, various countries : French, Low German, Polish

Both item nos. (300,9/1 and 2) are relevant. For their contents, see under “Abstract”.

state archives in gdansk

1729

Accessibility Inventory. The materials have to be consulted on microlm (nos. E-34471–34473). Record creator / provenance The town council of Gdansk had diplomatic representatives who participated in meetings of the Hanseatic League, of representatives of the Royal Prussian towns and of the Polish Parliament. Their reports from diplomatic legations and the Parliament formed the basis of the (now lost) collection named Acta Internuntiorum Civitatis Gedanensis. Custodial history The materials were kept at the State Archives in Gdansk until 1945. At the end of World War II, the entire collection was lost, except for two items. Related materials • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Elblag Town Manuscript Collection (reference code: PL/10/492).

Publications • • • •

Bär, M., Das Königliche Staatsarchiv in Danzig, seine Begründung, seine Einrichtungen und seine Bestände (Leipzig, 1912). Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Sawoszewska, W., “Gdaska Bibliotheca Archivi”, in: Archeion, 40 (1964). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

Gdansk Town Records—Town Court of Assessors Record group Gdansk Town Records—Town Court of Assessors Akta miasta Gdaska—Sd awniczy Reference code : PL/10/300/43

1730 Period Extent

poland : 1426–1814 : 228 items, 24.0 metres

Abstract The record group includes reports from court proceedings, records of civil and criminal cases (crimes, riots, robberies, adulteries and debts), nancial cases, debts, deeds, testaments and commercial contracts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1455–1794 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Latin, Low German

Nos. 2–187, 195–214, 217 and 218 (all starting with 300/43/) comprise: reports from court proceedings; records of civil and criminal cases; nancial cases; papers concerning debts, bankruptcy; commercial contracts; deeds and testaments of merchants and sailors; and records of criminal cases (regarding riots, robberies, adulteries and other crimes punished with severe prison sentences). These materials date from the years 1455, 1457–1513, 1525– 1530, 1535, 1546–1548, 1550, 1554, 1556–1560, 1564–1571, 1575–1576, 1578–1579, 1582–1584, 1587–1593, 1595–1600, 1602–1606, 1608–1629, 1631–1638, 1641, 1646–1789, 1792–1794. Accessibility Inventory. The materials have to be consulted on microlm (nos.: E-60001–60228). Record creator / provenance The Town Court of Assessors was established in the fourteenth century. It investigated criminal and civil cases in the jurisdiction of the Main Town of Gdansk. Justices of the court were also members of the town council. Custodial history The materials were kept at the State Archives in Gdansk from 1901. During World War II, they were removed to Western Germany, to be returned to the State Archives in Gdansk in 1947.

state archives in gdansk

1731

Related materials • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Gdansk Town Records—Bibliotheca Archivi (reference code: PL/10/ 300,R).

Publications • • •

Bär, M., Das Königliche Staatsarchiv in Danzig, seine Begründung, seine Einrichtungen und seine Bestände (Leipzig, 1912). Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

Gdansk Town Records—War Council Record group Gdansk Town Records—War Council Akta miasta Gdaska—Rada Wojenna Reference code : PL/10/300/90 Period : 1658–1793, 1808–1812 Extent : 20 items, 0.50 metres Abstract This record group contains: reports of the meetings of the War Council of Gdansk; reports and analyses of the political and military situation of the town; books of commands for the town guard; and plans and designs for the development of fortications. Moreover, the record group includes documents concerning: decisions related to the development of the Gdansk garrison; promotions in the military service; commands of the so-called War President, the chief of the Gdansk army; reconstruction and protection of fortications; the fortications during the Swedish-Polish war (1655–1660) and the eighteenth century; ceremonial of the Gdansk army; the army medical service; protection of villages and suburbs of Gdansk; and the Gdansk military oath and oath ceremonies.

1732

poland

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1658–1793 : Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, various countries : Latin, Low German

Relevant papers include the following (all nos. start with 300/90/): •

•

1–7, 9, 10: Reports of the meetings of the War Council of Gdansk, and reports and analyses of the political and military situation of the town, 1658–1659, 1700–1793. 8: Reports on the building and reconstruction of fortications at the Lower Town of Gdansk, around the entrance to the inner harbour on the Motlawa River, 1701–1709.

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance The War Council in Gdansk functioned as the general staff of the Gdansk Armed Forces. It came under the authority of the town council. Members of the War Council were commanding ofcers of the infantry and artillery. The council was responsible for the defence of the urban territory and Gdansk harbour. Custodial history The materials were kept at the State Archives in Gdansk until 1944, when they were moved to Western Pomerania. Later on, they were transferred to the USSR, to be returned to the State Archives in Gdansk in 1957. Related materials • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Elblag Town Manuscript Collection (reference code: PL/10/492).

Publications • •

Bär, M., Das Königliche Staatsarchiv in Danzig, seine Begründung, seine Einrichtungen und seine Bestände (Leipzig, 1912). Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992).

state archives in gdansk •

1733

Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

Guilds in Arthur’s Court in Gdansk Record group Guilds in Arthur’s Court in Gdansk Bractwa (awy) w Dworze Artusa w Gdasku Reference code : PL/10/359 Period : 1480–1931 Extent : 106 items, 3.10 metres Abstract The record group consists of documents of various guilds, including lists of members and of patrons, statutes, reports from guild meetings, registers of deceased members, account books and bills, chronicles and historical notes, plans of the interior of Arthur’s Court in Gdansk, as well as papers concerning nancial and property issues, the re in the harbour depots of 1813, and coats of arms of the guild members. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1480–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Latin, Low German

Relevant papers include the following (all nos. start with 359,): •

•

•

1/1, 2, 4–9: Papers regarding the Guild of St. Christopher (also called Lübeck’s Guild, Dutch Guild, Captains’ Guild or Sailors’ Guild), including a list of members, account books and registers of deceased members, 1480–1798. 2/1–9, 11–16, 21a: Papers regarding the Guild of the Three Kings, including a list of members, account books with drawings of ships and Gdansk harbour, registers of deceased members, historical notes and chronicles, 1483–1822. 11/18–25, 36, 38, 40, 41, 43: Papers regarding the Guild of St. Mary (also called Marienburger’s Guild), including a list of members, account books, registers of deceased members, and reports of meetings, 1534–1850.

1734 •

poland

57/1–8, 10–17, 20–28, 30, 60: Papers regarding the Guild of St. Reinhold, including a list of members, account books, registers of deceased members, reports of meetings, historical notes and chronicles on Gdansk and its trade by Reinhold Curicke, coats of arms of guild members, and correspondence, 1527–1841.

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance Arthur’s Court in Gdansk had been a place of ofcial and private meetings of merchants and sailors from the fourteenth century. Guilds with professional and occupational proles were established in the second half of the fteenth century. The guilds of Arthur’s Court participated in the ofcial, public events in the town. Arthur’s Court was also a place for trade transactions, the signing of agreements and ofcial events when Polish kings visited Gdansk. Not only Gdansk citizens were afliated to the guilds, but also well-known sailors, merchants and gentry from abroad. In 1742, Arthur’s Court was ofcially transformed into a stock exchange. In the late eighteenth century, the guilds became ofcial fraternities for important municipal events and holidays only. Some of them were discontinued in the nineteenth century. Custodial history The materials have been kept at the State Archives in Gdansk since 1901. During World War II, they were moved to Western Pomerania, to be returned to the State Archives in Gdansk in 1946. Visually attractive The account books contain manuscript drawings of ships and Gdansk harbour. Furthermore, the record group includes coloured coats of arms of the guilds’ members. Related materials • • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Elblag Town Manuscripts Collection (reference code: PL/10/492). Eblag Town Records (reference code: PL/10/369).

state archives in gdansk

1735

Publications • • • •

Bär, M., Das Königliche Staatsarchiv in Danzig, seine Begründung, seine Einrichtungen und seine Bestände (Leipzig, 1912). Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970). Sawoszewska M., “Odzyskane archiwalia gdaskie”, in: Studia Zrodloznawcze, 4 (1959).

Hel Village Records Record group Hel Village Records Akta wsi Hel Reference code : PL/10/632 Period : 1680–1837 Extent : 4 items, 0.1 metres Abstract The record group consists of records of the village court of assessors, nancial issues and accounts, and reports on religious, church and shipping issues. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1680–1800 : Germany, Poland, Sweden, various countries : Latin, Low German

All items (nos. 1–4) are relevant, as they include notes and reports on shipping issues and pay-ledgers of taxes from the period 1680–1837. Accessibility Inventory; also available online at: baza.archiwa.gov.pl/sezam/karta.php?ar ch=10&zesp=632&cd=0.

1736

poland

Record creator / provenance The records originate from the administration and the court of assesors of the village of Hel. The tip of the Hel Peninsula (north of Gdansk) was divided between Gdansk and Hel. Custodial history The records have been kept at the State Archives in Gdansk since 1945. Related materials • •

Gdansk Town Records—Hel (reference code: PL/10/300/14). Elbl g Town Manuscripts Collection (reference code: PL/10/492).

Publications • •

Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku, (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

Manuscripts Collection Record group Manuscripts Collection Zbiór rkopisów Reference code : PL/10/1016 Period : 1531–1944 Extent : 58 items, 0.50 metres Abstract The collection comprises the remaining part of the old manuscripts collection of the State Archives in Gdansk (old reference code: Dz. 410) and also various manuscripts from the Marienburg Castle Library. The collection includes copies of privileges and of administrative regulations from Gdansk, Malbork, Torun, Puck and Königsberg (Kaliningrad) as well as records of Pomeranian villages and estates, and private papers.

state archives in gdansk

1737

Ill. 19. Swedish gunboat (part of the Swedish blockade of the harbours of Gdansk and Pillau?), 1628, from a travel account by Abraham Boot who was part of a Dutch diplomatic mission to the Polish court at Warsaw during the Polish-Swedish war in 1627–1628. State Archives in Gdansk: “Manuscript Collection” (reference code: PL/10/1016), no. 58.

1738

poland

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1627–1800 : Denmark, Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, Low German

Item no. 1016/55, entitled “. . . Geschrieben von Peter Koper in Kommeran ein Kommercier”, is a trade or merchant’s manual dating from 1784, which contains a treatise on mathematics and nance, and information about the stock exchange, monetary issues, currencies, and measures and weights. It also includes historical notes from the period 1580–1844. Item no. 1016/58 is called “Journael van de Legatie, gedaen in de Iaren 1627 en 1628 by de Ed. Erentfeste, Hoogh-Gheleerde . . . Heren Staten Generael, afgesonden, op den Vrede-Handel tusschen de Coninghen van Polen ende Sweden”, and was written by Abraham Boot. It comprises a travel account of diplomats from the Netherlands to the Polish court in Warsaw at the time of the Swedish-Polish war (1627–1628). In the journal Abraham Boot, secretary of the Dutch Ambassador, describes not only the journey, destinations and aim of the mission, but also the Swedish sea blockade of the harbours of Gdansk and Pillau, as well as Polish-Swedish land and sea battles and military camps in the Pomerania region. Boot was a witness of the Polish-Swedish sea battle in the Gdansk Bay on 28 October 1627. Furthermore, the journal contains many details on the military organisation and the armament of the Polish and Swedish armies in the period 1601–1632. In addition, the journal includes about 30 drawings of fortications, people, coats of arms, architecture and town skylines, among which are very rare coloured panoramas of the sea blockade of Gdansk harbour and of Warsaw from the east bank of the Vistula River from 1627. The journal was published by Michael Colijn in Amsterdam in 1632. Accessibility Inventory (nding aid code: 10/1016). Record creator / provenance The present manuscript collection comprises the part of the old manuscript collection (old reference code: Dz. 410) that was not destroyed in 1945. After World War II, various manuscripts from the Marienburg Castle Library were added to the collection.

state archives in gdansk

1739

Ill. 20. View of the Kronborg Castle at Helsingør (Elsinore, Denmark) on the Sound, 1627, from a travel account by Abraham Boot who was part of a Dutch diplomatic mission to the Polish court at Warsaw during the Swedish-Polish war in 1627–1628. State Archives in Gdansk: “Manuscript Collection” (reference code: PL/10/1016), no. 58.

1740

poland

Visually attractive Item no. 1016/58 contains about 30 coloured manuscript drawings. Related materials •

Manuscripts Collection of Elblag Town (reference code: PL/10/492).

Publications • • • •

Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Groth, P., “Egzemplarz relacji Boota z roku 1632”, in: Rocznik Gdanski, 14 (1955). Koczorowski, E., Flota Polska w latach 1587–1632 (Warsaw, 1973). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

Merchants’ Guild in Elblag Record group Merchants’ Guild in Elblag Gildia kupiecka w Elblgu Reference code : PL/10/2222 Period : 1580–1786 Extent : 15 items, 0.10 metres Abstract This record group comprises the Records of the Merchants’ Guild in Elblag, including regulations for merchants and their assistants, rights of Elblag merchants in other towns, sales registers, nancial issues and lists of members. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1580–1800 : Germany, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Latin, Low German

state archives in gdansk

1741

Ill. 21. Bird’s-eye view of Pillau (Baltijsk) harbour (Kaliningrad (Königsberg) region in Russia), depicting Swedish, Dutch and Danish ships, 1627, from a travel account by Abraham Boot who was part of a Dutch diplomatic mission to the Polish court at Warsaw during the Swedish-Polish war in 1627–1628. State Archives in Gdansk: “Manuscript Collection” (reference code: PL/10/1016), no. 58.

1742

poland

Relevant items include the following: •

• • •

1, 3, 4–9: Declarations of merchants, 1655–1750, guild regulations regarding local and foreign merchants, 1637–1796, and correspondence between the administrations of Poland and Germany and the town councils of Königsberg, Pillau (Baltijsk), Gdansk and Elblag about merchants regulations, 1773–1801. 2: Copies from administrative records concerning judicial proceedings, 1580–1772. 10–13, 15: Financial issues of the guild, 1740–1748, 1777–1779, 1785–1788. 4: List of members of the guild.

Accessibility Inventory. Custodial history Until 1945, the collection was kept at the Town Archives in Elblag. In 1947 it turned out to be stored in central Germany and was transferred to Gdansk in the same year. Related materials •

Elblag Town Records (reference code: PL/10/369).

Publications • •

Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Czaplicka, J., and W. Klesiska, Archiwum miasta Elblga. Przewodnik po zespoach 1242–1945 (Warsaw, 1970).

Pomeranian Plans and Maps Collection Record group Pomeranian Plans and Maps Collection Kolekcja pomorskich planów i map Reference code : PL/10/1126 Period : 1634–1945 (–1950) Extent : 879 items

state archives in gdansk

1743

Abstract The collection mainly contains hand-drawn and printed maps and plans ordered by the ofces of the Polish and Prussian State and the town of Gdansk. They consist of general maps and atlases, maps of estates, plans of Pomeranian and other European towns, projects of the rebuilding of Gdansk harbour entrance (with depth measurements), maps of waterways in Pomerania, and technical drawings of ships, buildings and fortication constructions for the defence of Gdansk and other Pomeranian towns. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1650–1802 : Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Netherlands, various countries : Latin, Low German

Most of the relevant materials (all nos. beginning with 1126/) are handdrawn coloured maps of the Vistula River and the entrance to the harbour of Gdansk with depth measurements of the harbour’s canal. There are also technical plans of harbour cranes and icebreakers, as well as atlases and general maps of the Polish, Prussian, Lithuanian and Latvian coasts. •

•

•

• • •

377, 379, 380, 577: Maps and geographical atlases of Poland, Western Prussia, Eastern Prussia, Lithuania and Latvia, by Schrötter and J.A.B. Rizzi Zannoni, 1701, 1772–1802. 471–482, 503: Sailors’ maps of the entrance to the harbour of Gdansk, depicting changes and depth measurements, by P. Willer and Ritter, 1670, 1677, 1688–1692, 1694–1695, 1725, 1738, 1786. 576, 595, 613–614, 874: Maps of the town of Gdansk, maps of the entrance to Gdansk harbour, and plans of fortications, 1734, 1784, 1790, panorama of the town of Gdansk, 1739. 570, 574, 578–579: Maps of the delta of the Vistula and Nogat Rivers and of the Baltic coast, 1650, 1724, 1760, 1789. 694: Technical plan of an icebreaker, c. 1650. 737: Technical plan of a harbour crane, c. 1750.

Accessibility Inventory. The materials have to be consulted on microlm (nos. E-60165–61036).

1744

poland

Custodial history The maps and plans in this collection (begun at the State Archives in Gdansk after 1945) originate from various state and city ofces. Visually attractive The collection includes hand-drawn and printed colour maps and plans. Related materials • • • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Elblag City Records (reference code: PL/10/369). Elblag Town Map Collection (reference code: PL/10/1151). Royal Prussian Fortication Ofce in Gdansk (reference code: PL/ 10/1121).

Publications • •

•

• •

Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku, (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Flis, S., “Mapy morskie w zasobie archiwum Pastwowego w Gdasku”, in: Z dziejów kartograi. Mapy Poudniowego Batyku, ed. M. Stelmacha (Szczecin, 1997), pp. 207–218. Groth, P., “Cenniejsze zabytki kartograczne w. XVII–XVIII znajduj ce si w Wojewódzkim Archiwum Pastwowym w Gdasku”, in: Studia i materiay do dziejów wielkopolski i Pomorza, 4 (1958), pp. 373–397. Szeliga, J., Rozwój kartograi Wybrze a Gdaskiego do 1772 roku (Wrocaw, 1982). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

Prussian Regional Administration in Gdansk—Plans and Maps Collection Record group Prussian Regional Administration in Gdansk—Plans and Maps Collection Rejencja Gdaska—Plany i mapy Reference code : PL/10/9,2 Period : 1713–1911 Extent : 1690 items

state archives in gdansk

1745

Abstract The collection contains maps and plans from the regional Prussian administration in Gdansk after the partition of the Polish Kingdom in 1794. The collection contains general plans of the town and also plans of districts, harbours and shipyards, technical plans of buildings in the town, plans and maps of estates in Pomerania, as well as road, forest and waterway maps. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1800–1800 : Germany, Poland : Low German

Relevant maps include the following (all nos. start with 9,2/): • 732, 948, 1009: Plans of the entrance to Gdansk harbour and the fortications of Wisloujscie castle, proles and cross-sections of the harbour canal, and depth measurements of the canal, c. 1800. • 1650: Plan of the shipyard and scholl of navigation in Gdansk, c. 1800. Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance The Prussian Regional Administration in Gdansk was established after the partition of the Polish Kingdom between Prussia, Russia and Austria in 1794. The administration ended its activities after the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. Related materials • • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Royal Prussian Fortication Ofce in Gdansk (reference code: PL/10/ 1121). Elblag Town Map Collection (reference code: PL/10/1126).

Publications •

Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992).

1746 •

•

poland

Flis, S., “Mapy morskie w zasobie archiwum Pastwowego w Gdasku”, in: Z dziejów kartograi. Mapy Poudniowego Batyku, ed. M. Stelmacha (Szczecin, 1997), pp. 207–218. Szeliga, J., Rozwój kartograi Wybrze a Gdaskiego do 1772 roku (Wrocaw, 1982).

Puck Town Records Record group Puck Town Records Akta miasta Pucka Reference code : PL/10/519 Period : 1348–1945 Extent : 535 items, 9.50 metres Abstract These are the records of the municipal chancellery in Puck, a small town north of Gdansk. The papers consist of: privileges, charters and conrmations; minutes of the meetings of the council; court registers, civil and criminal cases, including the royal pirates’ case (1348–1820); Prussian privileges; municipal reviews; municipal chronicles; water acts; chaters of the shermen’s guild; and papers concerning other guilds and the bay shery. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1531–1783 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands : Latin, Low German

Relevant materials include fair privileges, court registers and pirates’ cases: • •

•

519/4: Privilege by Sigismund Augustus allowing the town of Puck to organise two fairs per week, issued at Vilnius, 1554 (in Latin). 519/42–58, 60: Court registers, civil and criminal cases, including sailors’ cases, 1531–1645, 1647–1649; item 519/44 deals with a pirate’s case, 1567–1571. 519/71–73: Prussian privileges, including privileges to sailors’ and shermen’s guilds in Puck, 1772–1783.

state archives in gdansk

1747

Accessibility Inventory (nding aid code: 10/519). The materials are accessible on microlm (nos. E-47949–47962). Record creator / provenance In the thirteenth century Puck was the seat of the Duchy of Gdansk. It was granted municipal rights in 1348. During the Polish-Swedish war, in the rst half of the seventeenth century, Puck served as a base rst for the Polish and then for the Swedish navy. It was the seat of the district (starostwo). In 1772, with a population of 780 inhabitants, Puck was incorporated into Prussia and in 1920 returned to the Polish state. Publications • • • •

Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Biernat, Cz., “Archive Materials for Polish History on the Sea”, in: Acta Poloniae Historica, 23 (1971). Historia Gdaska, 3 vols., ed. Cie laka (Gdansk, 1978–1993). Historia Pucka, ed. A. Groth (Gdansk, 1988).

Royal Prussian Fortications in Gdansk Record group Royal Prussian Fortications in Gdansk Królewskie Pruskie Fortykacje w Gdasku Reference code : PL/10/1121 Period : 1649–1916 Extent : 254 items Abstract This collection contains maps and technical plans deriving from fortication ofces in Gdansk from the late eighteenth to twentieth centuries. It is part of the holdings of the Prussian Fortications Ofce for the fortress of Gdansk. The collection contains some plans of the town dating from before 1800.

1748

poland

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1650–1750 : Poland : Low German

Relevant items are coloured hand-drawn hydrographic plans of the harbour, its entrance and harbour buildings (all nos. start with 1121/): •

•

37, 49, 114: Plans of the entrance to the interior harbour of Gdansk at the Motlawa River, and of fortications in Gdansk harbour, 1650, 1720, 1750. 195: Plan of the entrance to Gdansk harbour and the fortications of the Wisloujscie fortress, 1650.

Accessibility Inventory. The materials have to be consulted on microlm (nos. E-35675–35927). Record creator / provenance Between 1814 and 1919, the Royal Prussian Fortications Ofce fell under the military authorities of the fortress in Gdansk. Custodial history The materials presently kept at the State Archives in Gdansk are only a small part of the collection as a whole. It seems the plans were discovered in the building of the State Archives in Gdansk. Most of the other plans of the complete collection are kept at the Geheimes Staatsarchiv Stiftung Preusisser Kulturbesitz in Berlin (www.gsta.spk-berlin.de). Visually attractive The collection includes four relevant coloured hand-drawn plans. Related materials • • •

Gdansk Town Records (reference code: PL/10/300). Elblag Town Map Collection (reference code: PL/10/1126). Gdansk Town Records—Maps and Plans Collection (reference code: PL/10/300,MP).

state archives in gdansk •

1749

Prussian Regional Administration in Gdansk—Plans and Maps Collection (reference code: PL/10/9,2).

Publications • •

• •

Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Flis, S., “Mapy morskie w zasobie archiwum Pastwowego w Gdasku”, in: Z dziejów kartograi. Mapy Poudniowego Batyku, ed. M. Stelmacha (Szczecin, 1997), pp. 207–218. Szeliga, J., Rozwój kartograi Wybrze a Gdaskiego do 1772 roku (Wrocaw, 1982). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warszawa, 1970).

Ship Carpenters’ Guild in Elblag Record group Ship Carpenters’ Guild in Elblag Cech cieli okrtowych w Elblgu Reference code : PL/10/410 Period : 1714–1910 Extent : 4 items, 0.10 metres Abstract The records of the Elblag Ship Carpenters’ Guild include lists of members and bills. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1714–1723 : Germany, Poland, the Netherlands, various countries : Low German

Relevant is item 401/1, which consists of lists of guild members from the years 1714–1723. Accessibility Inventory.

1750

poland

Record creator / provenance The Elblag Ship Carpenters’ Guild united ship carpenters from shipyards located in the suburbs of Elblag (Elbing) and operated from the fourteenth century onward. Related materials •

Elblag Town Records (reference code: PL/10/369).

Publications • • •

Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Biernat, Cz., “Archive Materials for Polish History on the Sea”, Acta Poloniae Historica, 23 (1971). Czaplicka, J., and W. Klesiska, Archiwum miasta Elblga. Przewodnik po zespoach 1242–1945 (Warsaw, 1970).

Shipowners’ Guild in Elblag Record group Shipowners’ Guild in Elblag Cech przewo ników–armatorów w Elblgu Reference code : PL/10/417 Period : 1595–1824 Extent : 70 items, 1.20 metres Abstract The record group consists of statutes, minutes of meetings, lists of members, lists of voyages and freights, and accounts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1595–1800 : Germany, Poland, Russia : Low German

Relevant materials include guild privileges, lists of guild members, registers and accounting books, freight specications and fares (all nos. start with 417).

state archives in gdansk • • • •

•

1751

1, 69: Shipowners’ guild laws, privileges, decisions of the town council, 1682–1768, 1773–1797. 2–4: Reports, minutes of the guild meetings, 1724–1728, 1763–1802. 5: List of guild members, 1595–1799. 6, 9–38: Account books, lists of voyages, shipments and fares, with destinations including Gdansk, Braniewo, Pillau (Baltijsk) and Königsberg, 1671– 1773, 1775–1778, 1780– 1800. 7: Shipping lists, 1671–1768.

Accessibility Inventory (nding aid code: 10/417). Record creator / provenance The Elblag shipowners’ guild was an association of shipowners operating on the sea routes between Elblag, Pillau harbour, Pillau Strait and Königsberg. Related materials •

Customs Ofce (reference code: PL/10/369,1), containing records of the town of Elblag.

Publications • • •

Biernat, Cz., “Archive Materials for Polish History on the Sea”, Acta Poloniae Historica, 23 (1971). Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Czaplicka, J., and W. Klesiska, Archiwum miasta Elblga. Przewodnik po zespoach 1242–1945 (Warsaw, 1970).

St. John’s Evangelical Church in the Gdansk Records Record group St. John’s Evangelical Church in the Gdansk Records Akta kocioa ewangelickiego w. Jana w Gdansku Reference code : PL/10/352 Period : 1554–1938 Extent : 335 items, 6.2 metres

1752

poland

Abstract The materials comprise records of the main sailors’ church in the town, church registers (1602–1873), chronicle notes, a deed of Zacharias Zappio, documents concerning the church’s history, religious prints, property issues, nancial issues, and papers regarding the Sailors’ Chapel in St. John’s Church. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1632–1800 : Germany, Poland, various countries : Low German

Relevant is item no. APG 352/100, consisting of deeds for the tombstone of the “Bremen Sailors” in the church, and a list of donations and donors, 1632–1815. Accessibility Inventory (nding aid code: 10/352). Publications •

Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992).

St. Mary’s Evangelical Church in the Gdansk Records Record group St. Mary’s Evangelical Church in the Gdansk Records Akta kocioa ewangelickiego Najwitszej Marii Panny w Gdasku Reference code : PL/10/354 Period : 1557–1928 Extent : 224 items, 9.0 metres Abstract These materials derive from the major church in Gdansk and consist of church registers (1580–1840), records of the Church Council, documents concerning the history of the church (sixteenth to nineteenth centuries), lists of the church’s tombstones and cemetery, deeds, and nancial issues.

state archives in gdansk

1753

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1601–1695 : Germany, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands : Latin, Low German

Relevant are item nos. 354/346 and 354/348, which include a list of tombstones and chapels in the church, a list of tombstone owners (merchants, sailors and city ofcers), an inscription from a burial ceremony of the Polish Admiral Arendt Dickmann (who died in the naval battle in the Gdansk Bay in 1627). In addtion, there are records on merchants and other sailors from Gdansk. Accessibility Inventory (nding aid code: 10/354). Publications •

Biernat, Cz., Archiwum Pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warszawa, ód, 1992).

Tolkmicko Town Records Record group Tolkmicko Town Records Akta miasta Tolkmicka Reference code : PL/10/495 Period : 1742–1916 Extent : 1241 items, 15.6 metres Abstract The record group comprises the administration, the nancial and legal records of the town of Tolkmicko, near Elblag (Elbing). The materials include privileges pertaining to harbour and legal issues, papers regarding trade measures and taxes, military matters, guilds and church issues.

1754

poland

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1531–1800 : Germany, Poland : Latin, Low German

Relevant papers include the following items (all nos. begin with 495/): •

• • • • • •

•

• •

U.II.269, U.III.206, U.III.209–210, U.III.213, U.III.215, U.IV.23, U.IV.37: Privileges for the town, harbour and shermen from the kings of Poland, 1531, 1589, 1636, 1649, 1670, 1686. U.IV.3.B: Privilege to establish a weekly market from King Sigismundus Augustus Jagiellonian of Poland, issued at Warsaw, 1570. 1, 329: Town law and administrative regulations, papers concerning town fairs, 1589, 1785–1808. 2–5: Court registers, civil and criminal cases, including sailors’ and shermen’s cases, 1742, 1747–1775. 36, 829: Papers regarding emigration of citizens to new Prussian territories, 1799, and passport issues, 1775–1808. 445, 448, 471, 609–612, 1217, 1224: Papers concerning shermen, legal regulations, bay shing and taxes, 1781–1794. 155, 157, 164–165, 188, 194, 1059, 1096, 1117, 1130–1131, 1226, 1241: Papers concerning commerce, the beer trade, a ban on importing iron from Sweden, 1782, papers regarding the monopoly on salt and tabacco products, excises, 1772–1809. 366, 388, 404, 479–494, 629, 1033, 1060, 1141–1142, 1227: Papers concerning nancial issues of the town council, tax issues, banking in Elblag, 1773–1809. 690–693: Papers regarding weights and measures, 1772–1805. 1019, 1064, 1248: Chronicles, town history and statistical data, 1773– 1826.

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance The town of Tolkmicko was founded by the Teutonic Order in 1300. Between 1466 and 1772 the town was a small regional administrative centre in Eastern Pomerania (in the Polish Kingdom). From 1772 to 1945, Tolkmicko was part of the Prussian and German states.

archives of the archdiocese of warmia

1755

Custodial history From the nineteenth century to 1944, the records of Tolkmicko were among the holdings of the Town Archives of Elblag. In 1944, the materials were transferred to Germany, to be moved back to Gdansk in 1947. Related materials • • •

Gdansk Town Records (reference code: PL/10/300). Elblag Town Records (reference code: PL/10/369). Elblag Town Records—Privileges and Correspondence (reference code: PL/10/368).

Publications • •

Biernat, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe w Gdasku. Przewodnik po zasobie do 1945 roku (Warsaw, ód, 1992). Wsierska-Biernatowa, T., J. Czaplicka and M. Sawoszewska, Akta miasta Gdaska. Przewodnik po zespoach (Warsaw, 1970).

ARCHIVES OF THE ARCHDIOCESE OF WARMIA Archiwum Archidiecezji Warmiskiej 10–512 Olsztyn, ul. Kopernika 47

Cartographic Collection Record group Cartographic Collection Zbiór kartograczny Reference code :M Period : 1569–2006 Extent : 50000 items

1756

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Abstract This cartographic collection contains atlases and maps mainly featuring lands and towns located in the region of the diocese of Warmia, in Prussia and in Germany. Also included are maps of various parts of Europe and the rest of the world. Most of the collection dates to the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1635–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Latin, Low German

The collection includes maps of the world, Europe, the Baltic Sea coast, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Germany, Prussia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Poland and the territory of Royal Prussia, the Duchy of Prussia, the diocese of Warmia, as well as the towns of Gdansk, Stralsund and Szczecin, dating from 1600–1802. Especially relevant are: • • • •

30a, 30k: Maps of Flanders and the Netherlands, and plans of Bruges and Ostend, 1745. 168, 172–172a, 184, 193, 317, 319: Maps of the town of Elblag and its fortications, 1645, 1659, 1691, 1764 and 1785–1806. 177: Map of the town of Klaipeda (Memel) and its fortifications, 1800. 364, S38: Maps of the town of Braniewo, 1635, 1800.

Accessibility Inventory. Custodial history The archives were set up in the thirteenth century, when the diocese of Warmia was founded. The current archives are made up of the records from the bishop’s archives and those of the chapter, which operated from 1260. The holdings were kept at Frombork and Lidzbark Warminski. Part of the collection was taken by the Swedish army and transported to Uppsala and Stockholm in 1704. In 1841, the bishop’s archives were transferred from Lidzbark Warminski to Frombork. In 1945 the Red Army plundered the

archives of the archdiocese of warmia

1757

archives and part of its records were taken to the USSR. They were partly returned to Poland in 1957. In 1945 the archives were relocated from Frombork to Olsztyn. Visually attractive The collection includes maps from the seventeenth and eighteenth century. Publications •

•

Brachtvogel, E., “Zur Geschichte der ermländischen Archive und Bibliotheken”, in: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte und Altertumskunde Ermlands, (1926), pp. 162–165. Kopiczko, A., “Archidiecezjalny skarbiec historii”, in: Kalendarz Olsztyna 2003 (2003).

Municipal Records Record group Municipal Records Akta miejskie Reference code Period Extent

:H : 1270–2006 : 76 items, 3.0 metres

Abstract This record group consists of the municipal records of the archdiocese of Warmia. It contains the administration of the towns of Braniewo and Frombork, and includes registers of citizens and lists of municipal clerks, (certied) copies of the towns’ privileges, minutes of the town council meetings, judgements of the municipal courts in civil and criminal cases and records of the municipal nancial ofces. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1450–1800 : Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden : High German, Latin, Low German

Relevant with regard to trade and shipping are the following items:

1758

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BRANIEWO • •

4, 47: Copies and certied copies of privileges granted to the town of Braniewo, 1376–1743. 11: Documents regarding the shipowners’ guild of the old town of Braniewo and statutes of the guild, 1599.

FROMBORK •

8, 9: Account books of the shers’ guild of Frombork, 1671–1862.

Accessibility Inventory. Custodial history The archives were set up in the thirteenth century, when the diocese of Warmia was founded. The current archives are made up of the records from the bishop’s archives and those of the chapter, which operated from 1260. The holdings were kept at Frombork and Lidzbark Warminski. Part of the collection was taken by the Swedish army and transported to Uppsala and Stockholm in 1704. In 1841, the bishop’s archives were transferred from Lidzbark Warminski to Frombork. In 1945 the Red Army plundered the archives and part of its records were taken to the USSR. They were partly returned to Poland in 1957. In 1945 the archives were relocated from Frombork to Olsztyn. The records from the towns of Braniewo and Frombork were partly transferred to the archives before 1945 and partly after that date. Related materials • • • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Elblag Town Records (reference code: PL/10/369,1). Records of the Elblag Municipal Council (reference code: PL/10/ 369,2). Elblag Town Manuscripts Collection (reference code: PL/10/492).

Publications •

Brachtvogel, E., “Zur Geschichte der ermländischen Archive und Bibliotheken”, in: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte und Altertumskunde Ermlands (1926), pp. 162–165.

1759

state archives in olsztyn •

Kopiczko, A., “Archidiecezjalny skarbiec historii”, in: Kalendarz Olsztyna 2003 (2003).

STATE ARCHIVES IN OLSZTYN Archiwum Pastwowe w Olsztynie Olsztyn www.olsztyn.ap.gov.pl

Ofce for the Restoration of Monuments and Art in the Province of Eastern Prussia Record group Ofce for the Restoration of Monuments and Art in the Province of Eastern Prussia Urzd Konserwatora Zabytków Sztuki i Historii Prowincji Prus Wschodnich Reference code : PL/42/367 Period : 1650–1944 Extent : 3800 items Abstract The record group includes: les regarding monuments and art treasures in various counties, inventory forms of monuments and art treasures, correspondence of conservators with owners of monuments, reports from meetings held by restorers with builders and artists, reports on inspections, excerpts from records regarding the history of historical buildings and their maintenance, specication sheets of historic buildings, maps of Prussia, plans of towns and cemeteries, photos of historical buildings and monuments, graphics, coats of arms and seals of towns and cities in the Eastern Prussian region.

1760

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1650–1800 : Germany, Poland, Russia : Latin, Low German

Relevant materials include the following items: • • • • • •

367/3615: Plan of old Königsberg (Kaliningrad), 1650. 367–3618: Plan of Kaliningrad, probably eighteenth century. 367/3631, 3634: Plans of the Pillau (Baltijsk) harbour entrance and fortications, probably seventeenth century. 367/3632: Plan of the Pillau harbour entrance, 1656. 367/3635: Plan of the Pillau fortications, eighteenth century. 367/3649: Picture of the Pillau battle of 1757, when the town was captured by general Fermow.

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance The Ofce for the Restoration of Monuments and Art in the Province of Eastern Prussia (Provinzialkonservator der Denkmäler, Kunst, Provinz Ostpreußen) began its activities in December 1893. The restorer was the deputy of the state restorer, who had been in ofce since 1843. The main objective of the Ofce for Restoration was the protection of and research into monuments and art in the area under its supervision. Custodial history During World War II, these materials were preserved in the castle in Königsberg (Kaliningrad). Military activities led to the dispersion of the records, with the largest part of the collection ending up at Warmia (Ermland) and Masuria (areas in northeastern Poland). After the war, as part of the activities to protect cultural goods of national importance (1947–1952), a number of these records were collected, preserved and transported to the State Archives in Olsztyn. Visually attractive The collection contains several relevant plans and a picture.

1761

poznan university library Related materials •

Königsberg City Records (reference code: PL/42/1695).

Publications •

Cybulska, K., and M. Tarnowska, Zasób Wojewódzkiego Archiwum Pastwowego w Olsztynie. Informator (Olsztyn, 1982).

POZNAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Biblioteka Uniwersytecka w Poznaniu Poznan lib.amu.edu.pl

Cartographic Department Record group Cartographic Department Pracownia Kartograczna Reference code : not applicable Period : 1490–2006 Extent : 50000 items Abstract The collection of the cartographic department of the Poznan University Library consists of maps and atlases from the fteenth to twentieth centuries. It contains some valuable items, like a manuscript map of the world by Jakub z Kowalewic of 1478, the only Polish copy of the Map of Poland from the Itinerarium Orbis Christiani published in 1579–1580, and a rst edition of Mercator’s atlas of the world of 1595. Also included are numerous editions of atlases by Ortelius, Mercator, Janssonius, Homann

1762

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and others, a collection of Polish maps from the sixteenth and seventeenth century, and cartographic sources concerning the history of Poznan and its surrounding region. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1541–1799 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : French, Latin, Low German, Russian

Relevant are maps of Europe that include the Baltic Sea coast, maps of the countries surrounding the Baltic Sea and maps of the Netherlands. Also relevant are plans of the towns of Szczecin, Gdansk and Groningen: • •

• •

•

•

•

• •

150525 V, 150848, 250177, 251958, 252206: Maps of Russia, 1745– 1795. 150558 III, 150571 V, 150602, 150676, 150678, 150679, 150725–150727, 150730, 150682, 150749, 250020, 250522, 250533, 250961, 251261, 250663, 250752, 250876, 251035, 251297, 251356, 251360, 251372, 251773, 252005, 252070, 252715: Maps of Poland, Lithuania and Prussia, 1592–1791. 150667, 150799, 250518, 250729, 250809, 251029, 251066, 251067, 251180, 251198, 251733: Maps of Denmark, 1657–1789. 150610–150611, 250566, 250775, 250807, 250947, 250976–250976, 251197, 251237, 252132, 254024 V, 254829: Maps of Belgium and Flanders and their coastline, by J. Blaeu, 1592–1796. 150650, 250122, 250539, 250698, 250699, 250751, 251373, 251379, 252146: Maps of Western Pomerania, Mecklenburg and Brandenburg, 1700–1792. 150768, 150878, 250082, 250256, 250493, 251187, 254898 V: Atlases and maps of Europe including maps of the Baltic Sea coast, Denmark, Sweden and Finland, 1724–1788, 1792 and 1796. 150873, 250631, 250769, 250725, 250959, 250960, 251189, 251370 252066, 252145, 252566, 254025 V, 254880 V: Maps of the Netherlands and its coastline, by W. Bachiene, Belleyme and J. Blaeu, 1649–1797. 250002, 250719, 250731, 250986, 250987, 251799, 252612, 254944 V: Maps of Sweden and its coastline, 1640–1800. 250004, 250534, 250749, 251019: Maps of Livonia and Courland, 1700, 1720 and 1750.

poznan university library • •

• • • •

• • • •

1763

250005, 250007, 250080, 250505, 250732, 250790, 250870, 250805, 251359: Maps of Royal Prussia and the duchy of Prussia, 1656–1799. 250490–250592, 250690–250739, 254039 III, 254047 III, 254140 IV, 254181 IV, 254703 I, 254713 IV, 254714–254715 V, 254774 IV, 254875 V: World atlases containing maps of the Baltic Sea coast, Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Finland, 1573–1796. 250520, 250560, 250686, 250799, 251814: Maps of Scandinavia, Denmark, Sweden and Finland, 1700–1776. 250525, 251194: Maps of the island of Rügen, 1720 and 1793. 250548: Plan of Gdansk and its fortications, 1740. 250552, 250644, 251220, 251322, 251873, 251874, 251880–251882, 251893, 251896, 251936, 251991, 252053, 252172, 252173: Maps of Germany, by F. de Witt, J. Jasson, J. Blaeu and T. Mayer, 1640–1788. 250958, 254023 V, 254879 V, 254855 V: Atlases and maritime maps of the Baltic and North Sea coasts, 1657, 1683 and 1763. 250713, 250835, 252451, 252529, 252563: Map of the coast of Friesland, by A. Allard and F. Gussefeldt, 1650–1700, 1730 and 1790. 252148: Plan of Groningen, 1621. 254840 III: Plan of Szczecin and its fortications, 1694–1696.

Accessibility An alphabetical card catalogue of atlases, loose wall and reference maps, and plans is available in the reading room. Custodial history The creation of the cartographic collection of Pozna University Library dates back to 1902 when the Kaiser Wilhelm Bibliothek was founded, which included nineteenth-century topographical maps of Prussia and other German lands. The creation of Pozna University in 1919 was followed by a polonisation of the collection. At the outbreak of World War II, the collection consisted of 5800 maps and 52 atlases. The years 1945–1949 were crucial in obtaining additional cartographic items; in that period the library acquired many valuable records as a result of the activities to reassemble and protect the book collections that had been abandoned and dispersed during the war. In 1949, a separate cartogaphic unit was created within the department of special collections, which was subsequently transformed into the Cartographic Section and nally into the Cartographic Department. The collection is currently still increasing through purchases and donations.

1764

poland

Visually attractive The collection includes many coloured printed maps. Copies Scans, digital photos and microlms of the collection are available. Publications • • • • • •

• •

Lodyski, M. (ed.), Centralny katalog zbiorów kartogracznych w Polsce, Vols. 1, 2, 4 (Warsaw, 1961). Michaowski, R., Mapa Polski XVI–XVIII w. (Katalog wystawy) (Szamotuy, 1996). Michaowski, R., and U. Puckalanka, Zbiory kartograczne. Prace polonijne BU w Poznaniu (Warsaw, 1995). Puckalanka, U., Zbiory kartograczne BUAM w Poznaniu. Zeszyty Naukowe UAM, Biblioteka 2 (Poznan, 1962). Puckalanka, U., Mapy Polski z XVI wieku w zbiorach BUAM. ZNUAM, Biblioteka 3 (Poznan, 1964). Puckalanka, U., “Nieznana mapka wiata w polskim rkopisie z XV wieku”, in: Studia i materiay z Dziejów Nauki Polskiej, Series C, 13 (1968). Zbiory kartograczne w PRL (Warsaw, 1972). Ze skarbów bibliotek wielkopolskich (Warsaw, Pozna, 1980).

Manuscripts Department Record group Manuscripts Department Pracownia Rkopisów Reference code : Rkp BU UAM Period : 1200–2006 Extent : 7000 items Abstract The collection of the manusripts department of the Poznan Univeristy Library consists of records created by Polish institutions or made at their initiative, historic deeds from the royal chancellery, documents issued by the Polish diet or its commissions, records of landowning families from

poznan university library

1765

the Greater Poland region from the seventeenth to twentieth centuries, and notes on a wide range of subjects from lectures given at the Polish and German universities in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1650–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Latin, Low German, Polish

Relevant with regard to the geography of the Baltic and North Sea regions and diplomatic relations within the region are the following items: • • • • • • • • •

283: Collection of manuscripts named “Small collection of documents concerning the history of the whole world”, eighteenth century. 1064: Composition and a list of pay of the First Grenadiers Company of Major von Horn at Königsberg (Kaliningrad), 1789. 1121, 1643: Collection of documents concerning the gentry of Livonia, by Friedrich Konrad Gadebusch, 1777–1766. 1198 (144 I): Geographical description of Poland, eighteenth century. 1711: Journal of a journey to Germany, the Netherlands, Brabant, Switzerland and Italy, eighteenth century. 2620: Cosmography and geography of the world, eighteenth century. 3333: Registers of decisions of the town council of Bremen, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. 3336: Treatise on meteorology, eighteenth century. 3343: Catalogue of coins of the town of Bremen, c. 1800.

Accessibility Inventories and card indexes are available in the reading room. Custodial history The acquisition of manuscripts started in 1919 when the Kaiser-WilhelmBibliothek had been transformed into the Pozna University Library. In 1939 the collection of manuscripts contained about 315 items, of which about 120 were lost during World War II. After the war, the library obtained medieval and modern manuscripts from collections of estates, churches and former German institutions. The collection was subsequently enlarged through donations and purchases. The library also acquired diaries and memoirs presented during competitions organised by the local press.

1766

poland

Copies Scans and microlms of the collection are available. Related materials • • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Elblag Town Records (reference code: PL/10/369,1). Elblag Town Manuscript Collection (reference code: PL/10/492).

Publications • •

Kamolowa, Danuta, Zbiory rkopisów w bibliotekach i muzeach w Polsce (Warsaw, 1988). Szymaska, M., Katalog rkopisów Biblioteki Gównej Uniwersytetu im. A. Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Rkopisy XVII i XVIII wieku (Pozna, 1971).

RACZYNSKI LIBRARY—SPECIAL COLLECTIONS DEPARTMENT Biblioteka Raczyskich—Dzia Zbiorów Specjalnych Poznan www.bracz.edu.pl

Cartographic Collection Record group Cartographic Collection Zbiory Kartograczne Reference code : not applicable Period : 1543–2006 Extent : c. 10000 items

raczynski library—special collections department

1767

Abstract The cartographic collection of the Raczynski Library in Poznan contains atlases and maps of the world, Europe and Poland, including the Baltic Sea coasts, and maps of the countries surrounding the Baltic Sea and of the Netherlands from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1543–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : French, Latin, Low German

Relevant are the maps of Europe covering the Baltic Sea coasts, and maps of the countries surrounding the Baltic Sea and of the Netherlands: ATLASES •

•

A I/13, 162, 189, 210, 400; A III/116; A IV/52, 55–57, 61–64, 66, 71, 94, 111–115; A V/28, 29, 33; A VI/ 7, IV Ce 9, III Fc 3/1–2, IV Fd 1, IV Ff 19, III Fl 37, IV Kd 10, III Kk 15, II Nd 4, II Nl 15, II Nm 16, IV Rk 9–11, 51I/2: Atlases of the world and of Europe, including maps of the Baltic Sea coasts, the countries around the Baltic Sea and the Netherlands, by S. Munster, A. Ortelius, J. Jassonius, C. Blaeu, G. Bucelino, P. Du Val, P. Schenck and H. Jaillot, 1543–1798. A IV/44, 52, 53: Maritime atlases of the world and of Europe including maps of the Baltic Sea coasts, by J. van Keulen, J. Blaeu and H. Doncker, 1655–1699.

MAPS •

• • •

M I/69–70, 72, 74–76, 79–81, 145; M II/ 106, 107, 110, 114–116, 118, 120, 121, 126, 138, 171–174, 176–179, 653, 658, 659, 706, 937: Maps of Poland, Lithuania, Royal Prussia and the Duchy of Prussia, Courland and Livonia, 1550–1800. M I/208, 244, 938: Maps of Germany covering the Baltic Sea coast, 1552, 1750 and 1765. M II/130, M III/231: Maps of Flanders, the Netherlands and Friesland, 1595 and 1730. M II/214: Map of Russia and the Baltic Sea coast, 1750.

1768 • • •

poland

M II/651–652, 707: Maps of Western Pomerania and Mecklenburg, 1649, 1720 and 1752. M II/700: Plan of Amsterdam and its surroundings, c. 1650. M II/925: Map of Denmark, Sweden and Norway covering the Baltic Sea coasts, 1776.

Accessibility Card catalogues are available in the reading room. Record creator / provenance The Raczynski Library was founded by count Edward Raczynski in Poznan in 1829. In 1924 the town council took over the library and its maintaince. During World War II the library, like similar cultural institutions, was only accessible to Germans. In January 1945, during the ghts over Poznan, the library was completely destroyed and the book collection of about 180,000 volumes was lost in the re. Only the manuscripts and old prints survived, which were taken to the estate of Obrzyck, property of Jozef Raczynski. After the war the library restarted its activities in the school building in St. Marcin Street and in 1956 the library returned to the reconstructed pre-war building, its former seat. The special collections of the library followed soon. Since 1968 the scientic library has been the main section of the Raczynski Library. Custodial history The special collections of the Raczynski Library, that is to say the manuscripts, old prints, cartographic items, graphics, records regarding social life, video recordings and microlms, in scholarly respect constitute the most valuable part of the library’s collections. The manuscripts, old prints and cartographic items mainly consist of the surviving parts of the pre-war holdings of the Raczynski Library, although acquisitions are still made. The department of special collections was founded as a separate department in 1950, and the cartographic department was created in 1952. The cartographic collection contains mainly Polish and foreign publications regarding Poland and items concerning the territory of Greater Poland (Wielkopolska). The atlases of the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries and the maps of Poland from that period constitute the most valuable part of the collection. Visually attractive The collection includes coloured printed maps.

1769

state archives in poznan Copies Scans, digital photos and microlms of the collection are available. Publications •

• • •

Ewicz, K., “Miejska Biblioteka Publiczna im. E. Raczyskiego w Poznaniu”, in: Dzieje Poznania i województwa poznaskiego: informator o materiaach archiwalnych (Warsaw, 1972). Ewicz, K., Zbiory kartograczne Biblioteki Raczyskich w Poznaniu. Informator (Pozna, 1997). odyski, M. (ed.), Centralny Katalog Zbiorów Kartogracznych w Polsce, Vols. 1–4 (Warsaw, 1961–1968). Wojtkowski, A., Katalog Biblioteki Raczyskich w Poznaniu 1885–1931 (Pozna, 1932).

STATE ARCHIVES IN POZNAN Archiwum Pastwowe w Poznaniu Poznan www.poznan.ap.gov.pl

Estate of Czerniejewo-Skorzewscy Record group Estate of Czerniejewo-Skorzewscy Majtek Czerniejewo-Skórzewscy Reference code : PL/53/931 Period : 1427–1940 Extent : 2363 items, 20 metres

1770

poland

Abstract The record group comprises papers deriving from the Estate of CzerniejewoSkorzewscy. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1773–1793 : Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland : High German, Low German, Polish, various languages

Relevant items include the following: • 931/1839: Expenses of Gdansk and materials concerning Gdansk coins. • 931/2164: Descriptions of towns bordering the Baltic Sea: Königsberg (Kaliningrad), Riga and Mitau (Jelgava), and notes from various sources describing towns in the Baltic Sea area, their inhabitants, trade and administration, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Accessibility Inventory; also available online, with the databases “IZA” and “MAPY” at: baza.archiwa.gov.pl/sezam/karta.php?arch=53&zesp=931&cd=0. Record creator / provenance In the eighteenth century, the estate of Czerniejewo was owned by the Lipski Family. At the turn of the nineteenth century, Rajmund Skorzewski became the owner of the estate, which remained in the hands of his relatives until 1939. The Skorzewski family from Czerniejewo owned other estates located in greater Poland and Eastern Pomerania as well. Custodial history As these records were rearranged in 1809 and 1824 while they were still kept at the estate, two old lists of the records are still preserved. There is no information, however, on how the records were transferred to the State Archives in Poznan. Publications •

Skopowski Czesaw, Archiwum Pastwowe miasta Poznania i województwa poznaskiego oraz jego archiwa terenowe. Przewodnik po zasobie archiwalnym (Warsaw, 1969).

state archives in poznan

1771

Printed Maps and Atlases Record group Printed Maps and Atlases Mapy i atlasy drukowane Reference code : PL/53/992 Period : 1550–2004 Extent : 2421 items Abstract The collection is composed of maps and atlases from various publishers and printers. The materials were chiey produced by well-known European cartographers, such as Gaul, Flemming, Jansson, Judoc and Lelewel. The collection covers the whole world but mostly focuses on Polish regions and surrounding countries. The items are divided into maps and atlases of the world, Poland as a whole, provinces, counties and districts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1737–1788 : Germany, Lithuania, Poland : French, Low German

Among the world atlases, the following items are relevant: • •

992/A. w.8: World atlas, including maps of the Baltic and German coasts, on which town harbours are marked. 992/A. w.9: Atlas de la Monarchie Prussienne, containing maps of the North Sea, Baltic Sea and the German coast as well as data regarding Prussian trade in the late eighteenth century with Kaliningrad (Königsberg), Klaipeda (Memel), Elblag, Szczecin, Kolobrzeg (Kolberg), Magdeburg and Rostock.

Accessibility Inventory, in the database “MAPY”, available in the reading room. Custodial history This collection was created from maps collected and purchased after World War II. Donated and purchased maps are still being added to the collection.

1772

poland

Visually attractive The collection includes several relevant maps. Copies Part of the collection has been digitised. Publications •

Skopowski, Cz., Archiwum pastwowe miasta Poznania i województwa poznaskiego oraz jego archiwa terenowe. Przewodnik po zasobie archiwalnym (Warsaw, 1969).

POMERANIAN PEDAGOGICAL ACADEMY LIBRARY Biblioteka Pomorskiej Akademii Pedagogicznej Slupsk www.apsl.edu.pl

Special Collections Record group Special Collections Zbiory Specjalne Reference code : not applicable Period : 1600–2006 Extent : 42425 items (maps and manuscripts)

pomeranian pedagogical academy library

1773

Abstract The special collection includes atlases and maps featuring regions and towns in Hither and Farther Pomerania. Most materials date from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1749–1796 : Germany, Poland : Low German

Relevant materials are to be found in the deposited records of the Polish Historical Society (Polskie Towarzystwo Historyczne, PTH) in Slupsk (Stolp): •

•

PTH/A334: Records regarding the conict between the town of Slupsk and the local gentry about free rafting down the Slupia River and access to the harbour in the town of Ustka, 1796. PTH/A336: Municipal Law Code of the town of Slupsk, 1749.

Accessibility Card catalogue of manuscripts and maps. Record creator / provenance The College for Teachers in the town of Slupsk was opened in 1962. In 1969 it was transformed into the Teachers University and in 1974 into the Pedagogical University. Finally, in 1992 the Pedagogical University was renamed the Pomeranian Pedagogical Academy. The library of the Academy has been operating since the creation of the College. Custodial history The Pomeranian Pedagogical Academy in Supsk started to collect special records in 1990. All materials have been purchased or donated. Related materials •

Voivodship Library, Szczecin: Cartographic Collection.

1774

poland

LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF GDANSK Biblioteka Uniwersytetu Gdaskiego Sopot www.bg.univ.gda.pl

Special Collections Record group Special Collections Zbiory Specjalne Reference code : Krg (atlases and maps), G (graphics) Period : 1486–2006 Extent : 40800 items Abstract The department of specials collections of the library of the University of Gdansk contains prints, manuscripts, maps and atlases, and graphics. The old prints date from the mid-fteenth to eighteenth centuries. They regard the history of Poland, Pomerania and the town of Gdansk and include sources on the history of the Polish state and law. The manuscripts are mainly of a regional character, and include, for example, collections created by Cashubian-Pomeranian writers and regional activists from the nineeteenth and early twentieth centuries. The cartographic collection includes copperengraved maps of Poland, Pomerania and Prussia authored by famous European cartographers such as Gerard Mercator, Casper Henneberger, Tobias Lotter and Johann Baptist Homann. Finally, the collection contains hand-painted plans of Gdansk decorated with panoramas of the town, and views and illustrations presenting historic buildings in the town.

library of the university of gdansk

1775

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1573–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, various countries : High German, Latin, Low German

ATLASES AND MAPS (all nos. start with Krg/): •

•

• • • •

•

•

• • • • •

296 IV, 588–591 V, 2056 V, 2752 V, 3028–3030 V, 3052 V, 3058 V, 3062 V, 6499 II: Maps of Poland, Lithuania and Prussia, by A. Ortelius, G. Blaeu, F. de Witt, J. Jaillot, J. Homann and G. Mercator, 1573–1780. 296 IV, 1947–1948 V, 2061–2062 V, 2767 V, 3001 V, 3005–3006 V, 3011 V, 3013–3016 V, 3024 V, 3032–3038 V, 3042 V, 3053–3056 V, 3059 V, 3066 V: Maps of Royal Prussia and the Duchy of Prussia, by G. Henneberger, A. Ortelius, G. Mercator, F. de Witt, G. Rossi, J. Hosann and J. Suchodolski, 1581–1800. 2750 V: Map of Germany, by F. Hogenberg, 1576. 2759 V; 3018 V: Maps of Denmark, Sweden and the Baltic Sea, by Ch. Riegelis, 1660 and 1705. 3064 V: Maritime map of the southern part of the Baltic Sea, the island of Zealand and Finland, by P. Mortier and O. de Roy, 1693. 2765–2766 V, 3002–3004 V, 3007 V, 3010 V, 3017 V, 3020 V, 3027 V, 3060–3061 V, 3065 V: Maps of Western Pomerania, Mecklenburg and the Pomeranian bay, by H. Hondius, J. Jansson, A. Ortelius, H. Jaillot and G. le Rouge, 1612–1789. 2046 V, 2751 V, 3023 V, 3025–3026 V: Maps of Gdansk Bay, Puck Bay, the Vistula delta, as well as the towns of Gdansk and Elblag, 1742, 1729, 1789 and 1799–1814. 1716–1718 V, 1949 V, 2057–2058 V, 3008 V, 3022 V, 3040–3041 V, 3048 V, 3051 V, 3067 V: Plans of the town of Gdansk, Wisloujscie fortress and the entrance to Gdansk harbour, by A. Dickmann, P. Willer, G. Strakowski G. Bodenehr, M. Seutter and F. Stolzmann, 1617–1783. 2049 V: Plan of the town of Kaliningrad (Königsberg), by E. Dahlberg, 1696. 2052 V: Plan of the fortress and harbour of Pillau (Baltijsk), by E. Dahlberg, 1656. 2048 V: Plan of the town of Elblag, by E. Dahlberg, 1655. 3009 V: Plan of the town of Kolobrzeg (Kolberg), 1761. 3019 V: Plan of the town of Szczecin, 1650.

1776

poland

GRAPHICS (all nos. start with G/): • •

304–311 I, 313 I, 331 I, 358 I, 376–377 I, 1734 II: Panoramas of the town of Gdansk and the entrance to the harbour, 1573–1750. 314 I: Panoramas of the town of Elblag, 1684.

Accessibility Alphabetical and systematical card catalogues of the cartographic records and an alphabetical card catalogue of the graphics are available in the reading room. Custodial history The central library of the University of Gdansk was establised at the same time as the university itself, in March 1970. Its holdings were composed of the collections of the School of Education and the Academy of Economics. Additionally, the book collection of the Teacher Training Institute in Gdansk was included. The library has been acquiring records through purchase and donations since 1980. Visually attractive The collection includes various maps, atlases and graphics. Copies Scans and digital photos of the collection are available.

central library of szczecin university

1777

CENTRAL LIBRARY OF SZCZECIN UNIVERSITY Biblioteka Gówna Uniwersytetu Szczeciskiego Szczecin bg.univ.szczecin.pl

Department of Special Collections Record group Department of Special Collections Sekcja Zbiorów Specjalnych Reference code : K or Ikn Period : 1550–2006 Extent : 1670 atlases and maps Abstract This collection consists of atlases, maps and plans acquired by the Department of Special Collections of Szczecin Univeristy Library. The most interesting part of this collection was donated by dr. T. Niewodniczanski in 1998 and consists of about 110 items connected to the history of Pomerania, such as maps of the former duchy of Pomerania and its parts, plans and views of the towns, and maritime maps of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1550–1792 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden : Dutch, French, High German, Latin, Low German

Relevant are several maps (partly in atlases), plans and panoramas of various towns in the Baltic Sea region:

1778

poland

ATLASES AND MAPS (all numbers start with K): •

•

• •

• • • • •

1097, 1098, 1105–1114, 1147, 1505: Maps of Western Pomerania and the south coast of the Baltic Sea, by P. Artopaeus, Cornelius de Jode, A. Ortelius, P. Bertius, M. Merian and Ch. Weigel, 1550–1718. 1099–1103, 1104, 1119–1121, 1123–1146, 1148–1158, 1506–1510, 1512–1521, 1523–1526, 1539, 1540: Maps of the duchy of Pomerania and Brandenburg, by G. Mercator, E. Lubinus, J. Hondius, Jassonius, N. Visscher, F. de Witt, T. Danckerst, N. Sanson d’Abbeville, H. Jaillot, J. Hoffmann, G. le Rouge, G. de Vaugondy, M. Merian, G. Valk, M. Seutter and T. Lotter, 1607–1792. 1159, 1511, 1515, 1522, 1532, 1535: Maps of Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania, 1759, 1763 and 1787–1788. 1527, 1529–1531: Maritime maps of the coast of Western Pomerania, covering the coasts of the Baltic Sea from the Pomeranian bay to the Gdansk bay and Hel peninsula, by L. Jansoon Waghenaer and W. Blaeu, 1586, 1590, 1605 and 1623. 1528: Sea map of the Greifswald Bay and Rügen island, by W. Blaeu, 1623. 1115, 1511: Maps of Rügen island by J. Homann and A. Meyer, 1715 and 1763. 1541, 1542, 1557: Plans of the town and harbour of Szczecin, and the siege of the town, 1670, 1690 and 1696. 1544: Plan of the siege of the town of Wolin, 1659. 1545: Plan of the siege of the town of Kolobrzeg (Kolberg), 1761.

GRAPHICS (all numbers start with Ikn) • •

148–152: Views and panoramas of the town and harbour of Szczecin, 1590–1740. 153: Views of the town and harbour of Szczecin, 1761.

Accessibility Card catalogues (of the maps and graphics). Custodial history The Central Library of Szczecin University was established in 1985 when Szczecin University was founded. The library was created as a result of the merger of the Pedagogical University Library and the library of the Faculty of Transport of the Szczecin Technical University. The Central Library of Szczecin University also took over the collections of libraries that were

pomeranian library

1779

discontinued due to social and economic changes, such as the library of the Department of Western Pomerania, the library of the Provincial Centre for Ideological Education, etc. Visually attractive The collection includes printed and coloured maps. Copies Digital photos of the collection are available. Publications •

Stelmach, M. (ed.), Pomorze i Szczecin na dawnych mapach, planach i widokach. Niewodniczaski Collection Bitburg. Katalog wystawy (Szczecin, 1998).

POMERANIAN LIBRARY Ksinica Pomorska Szczecin www.ksiaznica.szczecin.pl

Department of Cartography and Environmental Protection Record group Department of Cartography and Environmental Protection Oddzia Kartograi i Ochrony rodowiska Reference code : K (atlases and maps) Period : 1500–2006 Extent : 10544 items (atlases and maps)

1780

poland

Abstract The record group consists of atlases, maps, plans and panoramas. It covers many locations but focuses on Szczecin (Stettin). It includes a few rare atlases (e.g. by Blaeu and Homan) and a unique map of Pomerania and the island of Rügen by Eihardo Lubinus. Various old plans and panoramas of Szczecin show the development of this town from the sixteenth century up to the present. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1590–1777 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : French, Latin, Low German

Relevant items include the follwing (all nos. start with K./): • 117 BI-14, 612 BIV-42, 743 BIV-43, 2148 BIV-91: World atlases containing maps of the Baltic Sea, the coast of Prussia, Poland, Lithuania, Courland, Western Pomerania, Germany, Mecklenburg, the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Russia, Finland, Friesland and Flanders, by J. Bellin, Sanson d’Abbeville, J. Homann, J. Blaeu, 1640–1754, 1777. • 121 BIV-12, 291 CI-37, 753 CI-21, 2886 CI-41, 7506 CI-241, 7505 CI-240, 7510 CI-245, 296 CI-38, 3079 CI-42: Maps of the Duchy of Pomerania and parts of Mecklenburg, sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. • 314 Sz-13, 5021 Sz-70, 6856–6858 Sz-93–95, 1769 Sz-35, 5129 Sz-71, 5130 Sz-72: Plans of the town of Szczecin, 1590, 1659, 1670, 1703, 1720, 1677, 1693, 1735. • 752 CI-23: Plans of the town and harbour of Dziwnow, and of the town and fortress of Swinoujscie, 1659. • 1766 CI-47, 293 CI-1: Plans and maps of the island of Wolin, 1659, 1759. • 5477 CI-225, 3734 CI-218: Maps of Prussia, by Caspar Henneberger and J. Homann, 1638, 1701. • 6447, 6448 CI-227: Maps of the Kingdom of Poland, eighteenth century. • 7527 CI-246, 7508 CI-243: Maps of the Duchy of Pomerania and the coast of the Baltic Sea, sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. Accessibility Card catalogue (of atlases and maps).

pomeranian library

1781

Custodial history The record group grew around the collection of the former town library (Stadtbücherei) of Szczecin that was composed of atlases, maps, plans and panoramas of towns, mainly of the town of Szczecin. After World War II, all saved records were gathered and the acquisition was continued mainly through purchase and donation. Visually attractive The collection includes many coloured printed maps. Publications • • • •

Katalog planów miasta Szczecina 1540–1944, ed. M. Stelmach (Szczecin, 1989). Plany i widoki Szczecina na przestrzeni wieków. Katalog wystawy (Szczecin, 2001). Skarby Ksi nicy Pomorskiej (Szczecin, 2005). Z dziejów kartograi. Mapy Poudniowego Batyku, ed. M. Stelmach (Szczecin, 1997).

Manuscripts Collection Record group Manuscripts Collection Zbiory Rkopisów Reference code : Inw. Akc. Period : 1300–2005 Extent : 3300 items Abstract The manuscripts collection of the Pomeranian Library consists of the holdings of the former town library (Stadtbücherei) and acquisitions from after World War II. It contains some late medieval codices, partly on parchment, charters from the chancellery of the Pomeranian dukes, manuscripts regarding maritime trade and shipping from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries, diplomatic correspondence and church records. Also included are letters of Stanislaw I. Witkiewicz, a well-known Polish writer, from the period 1923–1939, regional records, such as the papers of writers from Szczecin

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like J. Bursewicz, J. Kulmowa, W. Lachnitt, K. Suchodolska and S. Telega, and memoirs sent in for the competition “the history of Szczecin families in the twentieth century”. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1500–1799 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Latin, Low German

Relevant with regard to trade, shipping and diplomatic relations are the following items: • • • •

• • • •

Inw. Akc. 11: Decisions and regulations of Szczecin regarding customs duties, internal trade and trade in corn, 1602–1800. Inw. Akc. 16: Orders of the Pomeranian dukes concerning duties and trade in corn, as well as shipping, 1604–1611. Inw. Akc. 17: Minutes of the Hanseatic League, 1600. Inw. Akc. 19/1–14: Correspondence between Gdansk and the council of Szczecin, 1570, ship certicate from Szczecin, 1572, settlement regarding shipping on the Swina River from the Szczecin lagoon to the Baltic Sea, 1580, soundings of the Dziwnow harbour, 1585–1587, correspondence regarding shipping issues of Lubczyn, excerpts from ducal documents regarding Szczecin, Wolin Island, Stargard and Slupsk (Stolp), 1566–1614, protests and negotiations regarding the shipping of Ueckermünde, Neue Warp (Nowe Warpno), Alt Warp and Stepnica, 1607–1681, regulations for sailors, notes regarding Pomeranian shipping, an excerpt from a letter on shipping from Copenhagen, 1710, copies of records from the chancellery of the king of Prussia to the king of Denmark regarding shipping and dues in the Sound, in the Dziwnow Straits and at the mouth of the Swina River at the Szczecin lagoon, 1713, documents concerning incidents at sea between Szczecin ships and Swedish warships, 1714, and rulings on shipping by the Szczecin municipal court, 1570–1714. Inw. Akc. 20: Excerpt from a chronicle of Sweden of 1719. Inw. Akc. 21: Ordinances and regulations regarding legal proceedings in Szczecin, 1500–1600. Inw. Akc. 22: Accounts and a register of goods of Friedrich Nehring from Szczecin, 1709–1714. Inw. Akc. 23, 24: Register of customs duties of Szczecin, 1583 and 1593–1594.

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1783

Inw. Akc. 25: Log of the ship Golden Fortune on voyages from Szczecin to Copenhagen and Ostend, 1672. Inw. Akc. 26: Accounts regarding the trade in corn, 1609–1610. Inw. Akc. 32: Chronicles of Latvia, Lithuania, Courland and Samogitia, by Gustav von Lode, 1677. Inw. Akc. 248: Travel notes describing various European towns, their history and architecture as well as their sights, includes Kolobrzeg (Kolberg), Szczecin, Hamburg, Bremen, Deventer, Harderwijk, Amsterdam, Haarlem, Rotterdam, Antwerp, Königsberg (Kaliningrad), Baltiysk (Pillau), Elblag and Gdansk, seventeenth century. Inw. Akc. 353 (Rkps. 274): Minutes of meetings of the Szczecin town council and correspondence with the Swedish authorities, 1713–1714. Inw. Akc. 2857: Notes on the history of Gdansk, eighteenth century. Inw. Akc. 2883: Study concerning Pomeranian international trade, written in Szczecin, 1736.

Accessibility Card catalogues, acquisitions books and a cross-reference index on geographic names, persons and subjects are available in the reading room. Record creator / provenance The Municipal Library of Szczecin (Stadtbibliothek) was established in 1905. The Library collected mostly scientic publications and manuscripts from the Western Pomeranian region. Among the records were collections of school libraries, churches, associations, scientic clubs, rms and private donors from all over Szczecin and the surrounding region. During one of the air raids in 1944, the building of the library was partly destroyed. After World War II, the Municipal Library started to operate again in July 1945. In 1955 the Provincial and Municipal Library was established as a result of a fusion between the municipal and provincial libraries. In 1965 the library was given the status of scientic institution and, in 1966, on the occasion of the 1000th anniversary of the Polish State, the library was named after Stanisaw Staszic. In October 1994 the Provincial and Municipal Library was transformed into Ksiznica Pomorska (Pomeranian Library). Currently, there are ve million items in the library, including books, magazines and special records. The Pomeranian Library acts as a central library for the Pomeranian region.

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Custodial history The collection of the former municipal library (Stadtbücherei) was composed of the holdings of the library of the Friedrich Wilhelm School (FriedrichWilhelm-Schule), the library of the Pomeranian Museum (Pommersches Landesmuseum), libraries of churches from the region of Szczecin, and the library of the Freemasons (Loge zu den drei Zirkeln), as well as the library of the Pomeranian Historical and Archeological Society (Die Gesellschaft für Pommersche Geschichte und Altertumskunde). In the 1930s, when the NSDAP came to power, the activities of the library were limited. After the outbreak of World War II the most valuable collections were transported to various places in Western Pomerania in order to protect them against damages. After the war, activities to reassemble and protect the dispersed items from this and other libraries started and the following collections were secured: part of the book collection of the Marienstifts-Gymnasium in Szczecin, the library of the Pomeranian dukes in Szczecin, and the library of the Pawel Groening Gymnasium in Stargard Szczecinski (Gymnasium Groeningianum). Part of the scientic collection was transferred to other scientic libraries between 1946 and 1951. The manuscripts collection is now composed of about 3000 items. Copies Photocopies, digital photos and microlms of the collection are available. Related materials • • • •

Archives of the Dukes of Szczecin (reference code: PL/65/002). Elblag Town Records (reference code: PL/10/369,1). Records of the Municipal Council of Elblag (reference code: PL/10/ 369,2). Elblag Town Manuscripts Collection (reference code: PL/10/492).

Publications • •

Judek, C. (ed.), Skarby Ksi nicy Pomorskiej (Szczecin, 2005). Kamalowa, D. (ed.), Zbiory rkopisów w bibliotekach i muzeachw Polsce (Warsaw, 2003).

state archives in szczecin

1785

STATE ARCHIVES IN SZCZECIN Archiwum Pastwowe w Szczecinie Szczecin www.szczecin.ap.gov.pl

Archives of the Dukes of Szczecin Record group Archives of the Dukes of Szczecin Archiwum Ksi t Szczeciskich Reference code : PL/65/002 Period : [1209] 1440–1808 [1828] Extent : 9142 items, 213 metres Abstract These archives consist of the papers of the dukes of Szczecin. They contain documents regarding church matters, contacts with the German Empire, monetary matters, political, diplomatic and commercial relations with various regions in Europe, military matters, the feudal relationship between the Pomeranian noble families and the king, trade matters, papers regarding various Pomeranian noble families, the organisation of the ducal courts and the Pomeranian authorities, education, and social and health care. Also included are records regarding the town of Szczecin and other Pomeranian towns, such as privileges, trade and shipping, and the Supreme Court of the Reich (Reichskammergericht). Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1458–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Latin, Low German, Russian, Swedish

Relevant with regard to trade, shipping and diplomatic relations are the following items:

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I/524–I/541: Agreements regarding trade and shipping on the Warta, Notec and Oder Rivers, and concerning customs duties, 1511–1750. I/669, I/670, I/672–I/675, I/677: Documents regarding religious wars in England, and shipping and trade with England and Scotland, 1569– 1786. I/686–I/696. Documents regarding relations with the Low Countries, wars in the Netherlands, and trade, shipping and customs duties, 1557– 1760. I/704–I/862: Documents concerning diplomatic relations and agreements with Denmark, Sweden, Lübeck and Hamburg, trade and shipping with and customs duties in Denmark, Lübeck and Sweden, the Sound toll, the peace congress in Szczecin, the Thirty Years’ War, and the march and accommodation of Swedish troops in Pomerania, 1507–1800. I/684–I/906: Documents regarding diplomatic missions in and relations with the Principality of Muscovy and Livonia, the congress in Szczecin (1570), agreements concerning Courland concluded by the Duke of Pomerania Jan Fryderyk, relations between Sweden and Poland on the one side and Courland on the other, and the march of the Russian troops during the Seven Years’ War, 1557–1800. I/1071–1113: Documents concerning tolls on the Oder River, shipping on the Oder, disputes concerning these tolls, privileges, shipping on the Oder-Laba-Spree-Havel route, trade between Szczecin and Frankfurt, trade with Denmark, and customs duties in the following towns: Kostrzyn, Prenzlau, Schwedt, Adersberg and Fursterbug, 1531–1632. I/1383, I/1386: Documents regarding wars in Livonia, 1552–1572. I/1494–I/1578: Documents concerning the Thirty Years’ War, such as correspondence between Pomeranian towns and commanders of the troops, the landing of Swedish troops in Pomerania, the blockade of harbours, the defence of Szczecin, and agreements between Sweden and Brandenburg, 1609–1678. I/1579–I/1608, I/1610–I/1618: Documents regarding the accommodation of foreign troops, Pomeranian diplomatic missions to other royal families, agreements between Gustav Adolf of Sweden and Boguslaw XIV, the death of Gustav Adolf of Sweden, the coronation of the queen of Sweden, and the defence of Szczecin, 1628–1635. I/1619, I/1620. Documents concerning the Thirty Years’ War, 1630– 1636. I/3916, I/3918, I/3933, I/3934: Documents regarding harbour dues, maritime trade in salt and corn, and the sailors’ house, 1578–1663. II/870: Documents regarding trade and shipping of the town of Wolin, 1601–1636.

state archives in szczecin • • •

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1787

II/983: Harbour register of the town of Trzebiatow on the Rega River, 1536–1613. II/1051: Documents concerning trade and shipping of the town of Goleniow, 1554–1631. II//1284, II/1319–II/1321, II/1337, II/1338, II/1353, II/1354: Documents regarding shipping of the town of Stargard, the sailors’ guild, shipping on the Ina River, and disputes within the sailors’ guild regarding trade and shipping on the Ina, 1458 and 1602–1687. II/1574: Documents concerning shipping of the town of Dabie, 1570– 1650. II/1706, II/1717: Documents regarding shipping of the town of Slupsk (Stolp) and the harbour at the town of Ustka, 1593–1669. II/1819: Documents concerning shipping of the town of Darlowo, 1526. II/1895–2075: Documents concerning the Thirty Years’ War, such as the invasion of the German Emperor’s troops, the arrival of Sweden troops, the blockade of the town of Kolobrzeg (Kolberg), fortications of towns, food storehouses, accommodation of the Emperor’s and Swedish troops in various Pomeranian towns, contributions, taxes and the Stralsund agreement, 1616–1687.

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance The process of the creation of the Pomeranian state goes back to the late eleventh century. The rst known ruler of Pomerania was Warcilaw I from the Gryt dynasty. He became a vassal of Poland in the 1120s. In the thirteenth century, administrative changes occurred in the region, and the network of towns granted with Magdeburg and Lübeck Law was established. In the 1230s, the chancellery of the Pomeranian dukes was created. The state of the Gryt dynasty was divided into two duchies: Wolgast and Szczecin (1295), but the region was united again in 1478 by Boguslaw X. He also established some central state institutions, such as the All-Pomeranian Chancellery headed by the chancellor, who supported the duke when it came to international and domestic policy, and a central tax collecting ofce. Moreover, Boguslaw X established the Court, which became the highest judicial authority in the state. In 1532 the state was again divided into two duchies: Wolgast, ruled by Filip I, and Szczecin, ruled by Barnim IX. The end of the Gryt dynasty

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came in the seventeenth century. In 1625 the last Duke, Boguslaw XIV, ruled the whole duchy of Pomerania. After his death in 1637 and the end of Thirty Years’ War in 1648, the duchy was divided between Sweden and Brandenburg. Finally, on the basis of Szczecin border settlements of 1653, the territories located to the west of the Oder River (Dabskie lake, Szczecin lagoon, Dziwna River and the towns of Gryn, Dabie, Goleniow and Kamien Pomorski) were taken by Sweden, whereas the rest came under the authority of Brandenburg. In 1720, Sweden renounced authority over the town of Szczecin and in 1815 the whole duchy was nally taken over by the Prussian state. Custodial history When the Duchy of Pomerania was divided between Barnim IX and Filip in 1532, the records that at that time were located at the castle in Szczecin, were also divided. It was agreed that the records regarding the lands of the Gryt dynasty would be preserved at the castle in Wolgast, whereas only the records concerning the duchy of Szczecin and excerpts from the most important state documents would remain in the town of Szczecin. All these records were taken over by the Swedish authorities when they occupied the region in the second half of the seventeenth and the early eighteenth century. After Sweden and Prussia had signed the second Treaty of Stockholm (1720) and Sweden had renounced the town of Szczecin, it gave the records of the former Pomeranian state to the Prussian authorities. In 1723 the archives were taken over by the War and Treasury Ofce (Kamera Wojenno-Skarbowa) in Szczecin, and then by the Pomeranian provincial authorities. The archives were kept at the castle in Szczecin, but, regretfully, an inspection of the records revealed many losses in comparison to the previously made inventories. The material was arranged by councillor Stiege according to a preserved index of 1672. Additional work on the arrangement of the ducal archives was launched in 1811 in connection with the division of the records among the ofces of the Prussian administration. Due to a reform of the administration, the records were divided between the Province of Szczecin (Rejencja Szczecinska) and the National Supreme Court in Szczecin (Wyzszy Sad Krajowy). In 1819, the Szczecin records were transferred to the newly created Provincial Archives of Szczecin. The archivists who prepared the collection for relocation decided that the records created by the Province of Pomerania in 1653 and 1808 were to be part of the archives of the Dukes of Szczecin. Also included were items created by the authorities of the Swedish Province (Rejencja Szwedzka) and by the Pomeranian War and Treasury Ofce (Pomorska Kamera Wojenno-Skarbowa).

state archives in szczecin

1789

During the Second World War, the archives of the dukes of Szczecin were divided again. One part was kept in Spantekov on the island of Rügen and the rest in Pezin. The records from Pezin were transferred to the town of Szczecin in May 1947. The records from Stantekow were, however, transferred to the archives of Greifswald by the Germans. Part of the ducal records preserved in Greifswald were returned to the State Archives in Szczecin in 1961. Copies Microlms are available in the reading room. Related materials • •

Archives of the Dukes of Wolgast (reference code: PL/65/003). Swedish Province in Stralsund (reference code: PL/65/1154).

Publications • • • • • •

Archiwum Pastwowe w Szczecinie. Przewodnik po zasobie archiwalnym (Warsaw, Szczecin, 2002). Medem, L. von, “Das Königliche Provinzialarchiv zu Stettin”, in: Zeitschrift für Archivalkunde, Diplomatik und Geschichte, 2 (1835). Podralski, J., “Akta Archiwum Ksi t Szczeciskich przejte z Niemieckiej Republiki Demokratycznej w roku 1662”, in: Archeion, 60 (1974). Randt, E., “Hundert Jahre Archivpege in Pommern in Überlick”, in: Monatsblätter, 4 (1938). Turek-Kwiatkowska, L., Z dziejów su by archiwalnej. Archiwa na Pomorzu Zachodnim w latach 1808–1914 (Warsaw, 1968). Wielopolski A., “Archiwum Ksi t Szczeciskich”, in: Archeion, 38 (1962).

Archives of the Dukes of Wolgast Record group Archives of the Dukes of Wolgast Archiwum Ksi t Woogoskich Reference code : PL/65/003 Period : (1401) 1532–1638 (1732) Extent : 2371 items, 54.50 metres

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Abstract These archives consist of the papers of the dukes of Wolgast. They contain documents regarding church matters, relations with the Holy Roman Empire, monetary matters, relations with various regions in Europe, police, trade and shipping matters, matters concerning the Pomeranian towns, judicial matters, the Greifswald University, and inspection of ducal administrators. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1535–1635 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Latin, Low German

Relevant with regard to trade, shipping and diplomatic relations are the following items: •

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171–176: Documents regarding the Danish-Swedish peace treaty, matters concerning the town of Tallinn (Reval) and Courland, and diplomatic missions, 1570–1635. 177–196: Documents concerning an agreement regarding shipping, customs duties, disputes, recruitment into the Danish army, matters regarding the island of Rügen, and the invasion of Wolgast, 1535–1633. 247–255: Documents regarding relations with the Livonian Order and the election of bishops, letters from Duke Albrecht to other dukes regarding recruitment into the army, and relations with Sweden and Muscovy, 1544–1572. 270: Documents concerning disputes with the town of Hamburg regarding shipping on the Laba River, 1583. 507, 509, 725: Documents regarding the arrest of ships from the town of Szczecin, the building of a war ship, and shipping on the Narew River, 1593–1624. 586–596, 605–610, 626, 627, 629, 630: Documents concerning activities of the Swedish army in the Pomeranian region, the siege of Stralsund, castle fortications at Wolgast, and fortication of other Pomeranian towns, 1626–1635 362, 363: Documents regarding shipping on the Oder River and disputes concerning customs duties on Dabskie lake and in the town of Kostrzyn, 1557–1577 899, 903–905: Documents concerning shipping and negotiations between Hanseatic towns and towns of Holland, 1594–1619.

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1791

988: Documents regarding the sailors’ guild of the town of Barth, 1601–1606. 1125: Documents concerning shipping of the town of Lassen, 1620– 1621. 1768: Resolution issued by Gustav Adolf of Sweden against the town of Stralsund, 1630. 1874, 1875, 1885: Documents regarding shipping and fortications of the town of Greifswald, 1604–1634. 2367: Letter from James I of England to Duke Filip II Juliusz concerning acts of harassment against Englishmen who were in Pomerania on business, 1617.

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance When Pomerania was divided in 1295, the duchy of Wolgast came into being. The Pomeranian state was reunited by Boguslaw X in 1478, however, to be divided again in 1532 under the provisions of an agreement concluded by Barnim XI and Filip I. In 1625, Boguslaw XIV came to power in the duchy of Wolgast and ruled it until 1637. The Peace of Westphalia (1648) and an agreement regarding borders of 1653 granted Sweden authority over the territory of the former duchy of Wolgast and the western part of the duchy of Szczecin. Custodial history Under the provisions of an agreement of 1532, the archives in Wolgast became the main repository for the preservation of the ducal records for the whole of Pomerania. After the death of Filip II Juliusz, the records were relocated to the town of Szczecin. Since that time, the archives of the dukes of Wolgast have shared the fate of the archives of the dukes of Szczecin. When the Wolgast archives became part of the Provincial Archives in Szczecin in the early nineteenth century, they were rearranged thematically. During World War II, the archives were evacuated to the castle at Pezin and most probably to Spantekov. After the war only part of the records (about 80 per cent) from this collection were returned to the State Archives in Szczecin.

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Copies Microlms are available in the reading room. Related materials • •

Archives of the Dukes of Szczecin (reference code: PL/65/002). Regional Archives of Greifswald: Archives of the Dukes of Wolgast (Herzoglich Wolgaster Archiv, reference code: Rep. 5).

Publications • • •

Archiwum Pastwowe w Szczecinie. Przewodnik po zasobie archiwalnym (Warsaw, Szczecin, 2002). Medem, L. von, “Das Königliche Provinzialarchiv zu Stettin”, in: Zeitschrift für Archivalkunde, Diplomatik und Geschichte, 2 (1835). Turek-Kwiatkowska, L., Z dziejów su by archiwalnej. Archiwa na Pomorzu Zachodnim w latach 1808–1914 (Warsaw, 1968).

Board of the Maritime Trade Association in Berlin Record group Board of the Maritime Trade Association in Berlin Generalna Dyrekcja Zwizku Handlu Morskiego w Berlinie Reference code : PL/65/314 Period : 1701–1943 Extent : 189 items, 4.65 metres Abstract This record group consists of the papers of the Maritime Trade Association in Berlin. It contains records concerning the association’s activities as well as its administration. Material includes documents regarding nances, domestic and international trade, exports and imports, management of the spinning mills and factories, reports of sea journeys, the purchase and construction of ships, and regulations concerning passengers ships. Some records are related to the death of Friedrich Wilhelm III and the coronation of Friedrich Wilhelm IV, the King of Prussia.

state archives in szczecin

1793

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1775–1800 : Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, the Netherlands, various countries : French, High German

Relevant with regard to trade are some documents regarding the activities of the Trade Association in Gdansk (Danzig), Königsberg (Kaliningrad), Amsterdam, Brandenburg and Mecklenburg, and documents of the Agency for Maritime Trade of Romer and J. Duthuel, as well as records regarding maritime trade as part of the Prussian state budget, dating from 1775–1800 (nos. 130, 131, 148). Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance The Maritime Trade Association was founded in Berlin on 14 October 1772 by King Friedrich II. The basic aim of the association was to support sea trade and to develop factories. The association was headed by three directors (one of which was permanently seated in Cadiz) and a main cashier nominated by the king. In May 1775, the Maritime Trade Association was joined with the Prussian Salt Company (Preussische Salz HandlungsCompagnie), which distributed salt to the Polish territory. The Head Ofce that supervised the work of the Maritime Trade Association and the Salt Company operated from Berlin since the creation of the association. In 1782, 37 people were employed at the Head Ofce. In 1783 ofces were opened abroad, in Hamburg and Amsterdam. At the same time, regional branches of the association were created in all the capitals of the Prussian provinces. Moreover, the Salt Company had a network of ofces in Poland. Despite its nancial difculties, the institution was very active; it supervised the creation of new factories and took part in the development of the eet and overseas trade. In 1784, the association had a merchant eet of eleven ships. In the late eighteenth century, 89 persons were employed in the Berlin ofce and in 1800 over 200 people were working in all ofces and agencies of the association. It survived the Napoleonic wars by serving Prussia.

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Custodial history The records of the Maritime Trade Association were taken over by the Prussian State Bank (Preussische Staatsbank) at the turn of the nineteenth century. In 1920, the management of the bank transferred the oldest part of the collection to the Geheimes Staatsarchiv in Berlin-Dahlem. Until the outbreak of World War II, the records were housed there (HA I, Rep. 109 Seehandlung), but part of the materials (mainly from the nineteenth century) were transferred to Pezin by the bank management because of the danger of air raids. In 1943, about 500 archival units of the head ofce of the Maritime Trade Association had been gathered in Pezin. During ghts over the Pomeranian region or in the rst months after the end of the war, some of these units disappeared without trace under unknown circumstances. Two hundred items were secured by Polish archivists in 1946 and sent to the archives in the town of Szczecin. Copies Digital photos of the collection are available. Related materials •

Central Board of Customs of the Pomeranian Province in Szczecin (reference no: PL/65/085).

Publications •

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Gaziski, R., P. Gut and M. Szukaa, Archiwum Pastwowe w Szczecinie. Przewodnik po zasobie archiwalnym. Akta do 1945 r. (Warsaw, Szczecin, 2002). Meuss, J.F., “Friedrich der Grosse und die Gründung der Seehandlung”, in: Marine Rundschau (1912).

Cartographic Collection Record group Cartographic Collection Zbiór kartograczny Reference code : PL/65/46 Period : 1544–1997 Extent : 2500 items

state archives in szczecin

1795

Abstract This cartographic collection is composed of manuscript maps, copperplates, prints, reprints and copies of maps of the world, its continents, states, lands and regions, as well as street plans of towns and villages. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1600–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : English, French, High German, Latin, Low German, Swedish

The collection includes several relevant maps and plans of the Baltic and North Sea regions: •

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86: Map of the duchy of Pomerelia with nine coats of arms of the Pomeranian lands, such as Szczecin, Usedom, Rügen, and the Kashubian region, by Munster. 87: Plan of the siege on the town of Szczecin by Brandenburg troops, including the system of fortications with bastions, 1677. 88: Plan of the town of Szczecin, with fortications, as well as the surrounding region and a street plan. 93: Plan of the siege of the town of Wolin, including fortications, and the position of the emperor’s and Brandenburg armies. 95–100: Plans of the town of Stralsund with fortications. 166: Plan of the town of Swinoujscie. 168: Plan of the location of the Russian army near the town of Kolobrzeg (Kolberg). 171: Plan of the town of Kolobrzeg, with fortications, churches, harbour and position of Russian troops. 173: Plan of the siege of the town of Kolobrzeg of 1760, including fortications. 401: Plan of the town of Szczecin, consisting of a panorama of the eastern side of the town and its fortications. 402, 404: Maps of the duchy of Prussia, Sweden, Finland, the duchy of Pomerania, Livonia and Russia. 1101, 1102: Plans of Königsberg (Kaliningrad), with fortications. 1528: Plan of Copenhagen, containing a panorama of the town, 1700. 1532, 1533: Plan of The Hague, containing a panorama of the town, 1700.

1796 •

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A V 25: Atlas including maps of the Baltic Sea from Gotland to the Aland islands, the Great Belt, the Sound, the southern Baltic Sea and the islands of Rügen, Bornholm, Gotland, as well as Finland, the northern part of Estonia, the Gulf of Bothnia, and the coastlines of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. A V 28: Atlas containing maritime maps covering the coasts of Norway and the White Sea, and the mouth of the Humber to the North Sea.

Accessibility Inventory. Custodial history Several collections of maps had been acquired by the archives in Szczecin by the end of the nineteenth century. These were combined to form the present collection after 1945. Visually attractive The collection includes manuscript maps, copperplates and printed maps, some of them coloured. Copies Digital photos of the collection are available. Related materials •

Szczecin University Library: Special Collections.

Publications •

Szukaa, M., “Mapy morskie (przed 1945 r.) w zasobie Archiwum Pastwowego w Szczecinie”, in: Z dziejów Kartograi. Mapy poudniowego Batyku, Vol. IX (Szczecin, 1997).

state archives in szczecin

1797

Cathedral Chapter of Kamien Pomorski Record group Cathedral Chapter of Kamien Pomorski Kapitua Katedralna w Kamieniu Pomorskim Reference code : PL/65/009 Period : 1338–1834 Extent : 1510 items, 17.55 metres Abstract This record group consists of the papers of the cathedral chapter of Kamien Pomorski. It contains documents concerning the relations of the Pomeranian dukes with other rulers, privileges and statutes of the chapter, prayers, nancial records and documents regarding the trade in corn, amber and other goods, weights and measures, the Thirty Years’ War, fortications and defences, the blockade of Kolobrzeg, the invasion of Russian troops, army recruitments and war losses. Also included are documents of the local authorities of Wolin island concerning hunting and shing, and census records of the Kamien town administration. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1558–1800 : Germany, Poland, Sweden, various countries : Latin, Low German

Relevant with regard to trade and diplomatic relations are a few items: •

• • • • •

9, 10, 12: Documents concerning border agreements between Brandenburg and Sweden, the privileges of the chapter, as well as agreements between Brandenburg and the king of Sweden regarding the Reformation, 1653–1669. 32: Documents concerning the renovation of the harbours in the towns of Darlowo, Kolobrzeg (Kolberg) and Ustka, 1731–1742. 65: Documents regarding the trade in amber and other goods, 1558. 87: Map of Western Pomerania, 1718. 96: Documents concerning bank issues, 1764–1766. 115–178: Documents regarding the accommodation of the Swedish troops, contributions and other war obligations, the Thirty Years’ War,

1798

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fortications and defences, and the blockade of the town of Kolobrzeg, 1599–1800. Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance In 1175, a cathedral chapter was founded to serve the Cathedral of St. John at Kamien Pomorski (Kammin). Originally, the chapter did not own any lands and was supported by the bishop. Only after several decades, it was granted some lands and the jurisdiction over these estates. The chapter was headed by a prepositus who administrated the common estates. In the twelfth century the ofce of dean was created, and he supervised the church services and ceremonies taking place in the cathedral. He also supervised the lower clergy in the collegiate church. Other ofcials of the chapter included a treasurer, who administered the equipment of the cathedral, a cantor, who was responsible for music and the choir, and a notary, who was also the dean of the school operated at the cathedral. In general, the chapter was made up of four to sixteen canons. With the passing of time, the chapter in Kamien was granted several privileges guaranteeing independence from the bishop and the Pomeranian dukes. Among the main privileges was the right to elect the bishop and the chapter’s ofcials. However, Duke Boguslaw X was granted a papal privilege allowing him to nominate the canons and the bishop. In exchange for this, the chapter was granted the right to participate in the Pomeranian diets. After 1478 the chapter was placed under the authority of the state authorities, thus obliging it to pay taxes, as well as dues connected with the defence of the country. The arrival of the Reformation did not inuence the position of the chapter; in 1569 the diet in Wolin conrmed all its privileges. In 1578, moreover, the chapter was granted new statutes. From that time, the dukes functioned as patrons and exercised the right to appoint the chapter’s ofcials. In the sixteenth century the chapter was composed of a dean, the parish priest of the cathedral, a cantor, a treasurer, a canon theologian, an assignee, a vicedomus and seven canons. In 1669, Queen Eleonora of Sweden conrmed the chapter’s privileges. In 1689, they were conrmed again by the Prussian elector Friedrich III, but in exchange the chapter was obliged to nance the university in Frankfurt an der Oder. Friedrich-Wilhelm III of Prussia, nally, issued a decree of secularisation of the convent’s estates in 1810.

state archives in szczecin

1799

Custodial history Since the beginning of the nineteenth century, this collection was housed in the archives of the chapter in Kamien Pomorski (Kammin). After the secularisation of the convent estates in 1810, the chapter was dissolved and its property (including the archives) taken over by the State Treasury. In 1818, the chapter’s records were transferred to the archives of the administration of the province of Szczecin and in 1831 to the Provincial Archives in Szczecin. During World War II, the collection was taken to Pezin and Schlemin. After the war, part of the collection was returned to Szczecin. The remaining part was later found in the regional archives (Landesarchiv) in Greifswald, from where it was returned to Szczecin in 1962. Copies Microlms of the collection are available. Related materials •

Swedish Province in Stralsund (reference number: PL/65/1154).

Publications •

• • •

Gaziski, R., P. Gut and M. Szukaa (eds.), Archiwum Pastwowe w Szczecinie. Przewodnik po zasobie archiwalnym. Akta do 1945 r. (Warsaw, Szczecin, 2002). Heyden, H., Kirchengeschichte von Pommern, Vols. 1, 2 (Szczecin, 1937–1938). Hoogeweg, H., Die Kloster und Stifter der Provinz Pommern, Vols. 1, 2 (Szczecin, 1924–1925). Marciniak, J., Dobra kapituy kamieskiej do poowy XV wieku. Studium z dziejów spoecznych gospodarstwa feudalnego (Poznan, Szczecin, 1970).

Central Customs Board of the Province of Pomerania in Szczecin Record group Central Customs Board of the Province of Pomerania in Szczecin Naczelna Dyrekcja Ce Prowincji Pomorskiej w Szczecinie

1800 Reference code Period Extent

poland : PL/65/085 : 1786–1929 : 290 items, 7.8 metres

Abstract This record group consists of the administration of the Central Customs Board of the province of Pomerania, which was situated in Szczecin. It contains various records regarding taxes, trade and the organisation of the duty free harbour at the town of Szczecin. Also included are documents concerning the tax policy towards various countries in Europe and Southern America, including Sweden and Finland, as well as information regarding tax tariffs on various goods and the activities and operation of the main duty and tax ofces of the entire Pomeranian region. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1786–1800 : Germany, Poland, various countries : High German

Relevant are the “supplementary records regarding trade”, which concern excises on ships owned by towns located in the province of Szczecin, mainly those of Genserin, Nowe Warpno, Szczecin, Swinoujscie, Ueckermünde, Anklam, Trzebiez, Altwarp, Wollin (Wolin) and Denin, but also Gdansk, Kolobrzeg (Kolberg) and Slupsk (Stolp), 1786–1800 (nos. 1, 148). Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance In 1825, the central Prussian authorities created separate ofces for taxes and monopolies in the provinces, which were called Provincial Tax Board (Provinziale Steuer Direktion). In the province of Pomerania this ofce was created in January 1926. The Provincial Tax Board was placed under the authority of the General Director of Taxes (Generaler Steuer Direktor) in the Financial Ministry in Berlin. The unication of Germany in 1871 did not change the structure of the tax administration, apart from the renaming of the Provincial Tax Board to Central Customs Board (Oberzolldirektion). After World War I, changes in the tax administration were introduced, which were connected to the transfer of the competences regarding the treasury and taxes to the central administration of Germany. In accordance with the

state archives in szczecin

1801

new regulations, the State Tax Ofce for the province of Pomerania was created in October 1919. Custodial history Between 1905 and 1907 the provincial customs ofce transferred the rst part of its tax papers to the archives in Szczecin. When the Central Board of Customs of the province of Pomerania was discontinued, the papers were taken over by the State Tax Ofce in Szczecin, before being transferred to the State Archives in Szczecin in 1939. During World War II, part of the records was lost under unknown circumstances. Copies Microlms and digital copies of the collection are available. Related materials •

National Tax Ofce in Szczecin (reference code: PL/65/090).

Publications •

Gaziski, R., P. Gut and M. Szukaa (eds.), Archiwum Pastwowe w Szczecinie. Przewodnik po zasobie archiwalnym. Akta do 1945 r. (Warsaw, Szczecin, 2002).

Goleniow Town Records Record group Goleniow Town Records Akta miasta Goleniowa Reference code : PL/65/196 Period : 1550–1888 Extent : 1284 items, 13.2 metres Abstract This record group consists of the administration of the town of Goleniow. It contains documents that concern a wide range of subjects, such as the activities of the town administration, elections, nances, trade and shipping, church matters, education, the guilds, privileges, Jewish issues, legal matters and public works.

1802

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1618–1800 : Germany, Poland, various countries : High German, Low German

Relevant with regard to trade and shipping are two items: • •

316: Documents regarding the timber storehouses at the mouth of the Ina River, 1743–1756. 970, 1010, 1011: Privileges and regulations regarding trade and shipping from the town of Goleniow, 1618–1800.

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance In the mid-thirteenth century, Goleniow was a small village located on the Ina River when Duke Barnim I granted it town rights (under Magdeburg law) and large land estates. In 1314 the town was placed under Lübeck law, which was more protable for its merchants. The Goleniow town council is rst mentioned in the sources in 1318. In the Middle Ages, the town developed and became a local trading centre. In the late fteenth century it had c. 1000–1100 inhabitants. The harbour on the Ina River was the basis for the town’s commercial development. Its independent position in trade, however, caused some conicts with the town of Szczecin. These disputes were nally resolved in 1615, when Szczecin and Goleniow agreed to abolish any impediments on trade. In 1628 Goleniow had c. 1500–1600 citizens. However, the Thirty Years’ War caused a commercial and demographic crisis. Besides losses as a direct result of the war, the town suffered from a decrease of its market due to the borders agreement of 1653, according to which Goleniow came under Swedish rule. In 1677 Goleniow became part of Brandenburg. By the start of the eighteenth century the town had started to develop again. In 1808 the Prussian administration was modernised and in that year Goleniow received new statutes. In the nineteenth century, the town played the role of a centre of trade, crafts and industry. It also became an important rail hub.

state archives in szczecin

1803

Custodial history The archival records of the town of Goleniow town were transferred to the archives in Szczecin on the basis of an agreement between the town authorities and the director of the Szczecin archives concluded in 1879. The rst transfer, of parchment documents, was made in 1879 and subsequent transfers followed over the next few years. During World War II, because of the risk of air raids, the Goleniow town tecords were divided into two parts. The rst part of the records was taken to Pezin in 1943 and the second part to Endlingen (they are currently in Greifswald) in 1944. The records from Pezin were returned to Szczecin in 1946 and 1947. Copies Microlms of the collection are available. Related materials •

Regional Archives Greifswald: Municipal Council of Gollnow (reference code: Rep. 38b Gollnow).

Publications • •

• • •

Gaziski, R., “Akta miasta Goleniowa w zasobie Archiwum Krajowego w Greifswaldzie”, in: Szczeciski Informator Archiwalny, 13 (1999). Gaziski, R., P. Gut and M. Szukaa (eds.), Archiwum Pastwowe w Szczecinie. Przewodnik po zasobie archiwalnym. Akta do 1945 r. (Warsaw, Szczecin, 2002). Keyser, E. (ed.), Deutsches Städtbuch, Vol. 1 (Stuttgert, Berlin, 1939). Lesiski, H. (ed.), Dzieje Goleniowa (Szczecin, 1990). Lesiski, H., “Z dziejów dawnego Goleniowa”, in: Przegld Zachodniopomorski, 17 (1973), p. 2.

Julius Bohlen Collection Record group Julius Bohlen Collection Zbiór Juliusa Bohlena Reference code : PL/65/010 Period : (1193) 1482–1864 Extent : 275 items, 1.50 metres

1804

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Abstract This collection consists of the papers collected by Julius Bohlen. It contains records related to the history of Pomerania, Prussia and the Holy Roman Empire. The material includes: invitations to German diets, privileges granted by the emperors to Pomerania (such as the de non appellando privilege), letters from Emperor Maximilian to Duke Boguslaw XIII, satiric writings about the Catholics, an inventory of the arsenal in Wismar, and records of Pomeranian families, such as Von Fleming, Von Gagern, Von Jasmund, Von Hoben, Von Kahlden i Kampze, Von Kleist, Von Krackewitz and Von Krassow, as well as documents concerning the Polish-Swedish war and military actions by Gustav August II of Sweden in Germany. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1655–1669 : Denmark, Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden : High German

The collection includes etchings (monochromatic copperplates) representing King Charles X Gustav of Sweden’s war against Poland according to descriptions by Samuel von Puffendorf, the king’s contemporary historian, given in his De rebus a Carolo Gustavo Suecieae Rege gestis (Nurnberg, 1696). These etchings, made by Erik Dahlberg, contain many battle scenes, landscapes and architectural drawings giving an accurate and detailed picture of the seventeenth-century Polish towns. Also included are various drawings presenting events from the Polish-Swedish war (such as battles, sieges and the capitulation), 1655–1669 (nos. 1–101). Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance Kazimierz Johann Ludwig Juliusz von Bohlen lived from 1820 to 1882. After he had nished the gymnasium in Stralsund, he joined the army. He rst served in Stralsund and subsequently in Szczecin. In 1848 he inherited the estate of Bohlendorf from his father, and he came into the possession of the estate of Stern in 1861 (both estates were located on the island of Rügen). In 1856 he became chair of the provincial diet and from 1860 to 1866 he was plenipotentiary for treasury matters. From 1866 Von Bohlen served as court treasurer in the principality of Rugen and in 1880 he became

state archives in szczecin

1805

a member of the Prussian House of Lords. Juluis von Bohlen was a historian by vocation. During his military service in Szczecin town, he purchased archival documents from public ofcials of the province (which were often records from the archives of the dukes of Szczecin and Wolgast). At rst Bohlen gathered these records in his barracks, but after 1866 he took all of them to his estate of Bohlendorf. Custodial history After Julius Bohlen’s death, the State Archives in Szczecin in 1883 purchased part of his collection from his sons. Subsequent purchases followed in 1887 and 1890. The cartographic collection of Bohlen, which was housed in the building of the Pomeranian Historical and Archeological Society, was taken over by the repository in 1899. Between 1900 and 1939 the collection was inventoried. During the war (in 1943), Bohlen’s collection was taken to the town of Mierzecin. After the war, only ten per cent of the pre-war collection was returned to Szczecin. Visually attractive The collection includes printed plans and maps. Copies Digital photos of the collection are available. Publications •

Gaziski, R., P. Gut and M. Szukaa, Archiwum Pastwowe w Szczecinie. Przewodnik po zasobie archiwalnym. Akta do 1945 r. (Warsaw, Szczecin, 2002).

Kolobrzeg Town Records Record group Kolobrzeg Town Records Akta miasta Koobrzegu Reference code : PL/65/202 Period : 1518–1944 Extent : 3748 items, 71.6 metres

1806

poland

Abstract This record group consists of the administration of the town of Kolobrzeg (Kolberg). It contains very diverse records, such as gathered papers regarding efdom matters, privileges, elections to the diet as well as to the town council, regulations on settlements, information on schools, churches, hospitals and poorhouses and all other kinds of records typically created by the town administration. Also included are documents regarding the Seven Years’ War, the Napoleonic wars, trade with the Hanseatic League, Sweden, France and other countries, domestic trade and shipping. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1572–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Low German

Relevant with regard to the harbour, trade and diplomatic relations are the following: •

• • •

1436–1438, 1450–1466, 1479, 1487–1488, 1492–1498, 2337–2341, 2346–2350, 2843–2995, 3027, 3634, 3635, 3697–3704, 3741: Documents regarding the construction of the harbour, harbour ofcials, the sailors’ house, harbour dues, and regulations on navigation and the use of the harbour, lists of ships arriving at the harbour and other harbour registers, 1572–1800. 1701, 1702, 1707: Documents concerning the campaign against and defence of the town of Kolobrzeg, 1731–1800. 1750–1758: Documents regarding construction works on the Kolobrzeg fortress and the widening of its borders, 1770–1800. 2360, 2366: Documents concerning trade relations with the Hanseatic League, 1584–1790.

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance Kolobrzeg began as a Slavic town located on the right bank of the Parseta River, which in the tenth century was a centre of religious and economic

state archives in szczecin

1807

life and one of the most important towns in the Pomeranian region. In 1255 Warcislaw III and Bishop Herman von Gleichen granted town rights to a new town under Lübeck law: Kolobrzeg (Kolberg). From 1248 the town was ruled by bishops, but in 1255 the town council was created, which took over part of the competences of the bishop’s alderman (advocatus). The council was responsible for town policy; it concluded agreements with other towns, granted citizenship and acted as the judicial authority. Judiciary power was divided between the council and the feudal lord, that is to say the bishop of Kamien (Kammin), represented by the alderman. In the fourteenth and fteenth centuries, the town started to become independent through the purchase of various competences and rights from the bishops. It became fully independent in 1486. The basis of the town’s wealth was the exploitation of rich layers of salt as well as shing. The creation of a harbour had a tremendous impact on town development. Unfortunately, in the sixteenth century, social and commercial changes, such as the demise of the Hanseatic League and competition from Dutch and English merchants, halted the town’s development. After the death of Duke Boguslaw XIV, Kolobrzeg (Kolberg) in 1653 became part of Brandenburg as a result of the Peace of Westphalia. The state of Brandenburg was centrally ruled and the Kolobrzeg town authorities were reorganised and subordinated to the state authorities. The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were a time of development and modernisation for the town, but the Seven Years’ War ended this time of prosperity. The Napoleonic Wars caused the introduction of changes in the organisation of the Prussian state. In 1808, municipal law came into effect and the municipal government was restored. Towns like Kolobrzeg became independent with regard to internal matters, such as commerce, police and legal matters. They were ruled by the municipality chaired by a burgomaster. The citizens elected the councillors, who supervised all ofces of the municipality. This system survived until 1933 when, in accordance with general rules enforced at that time in the Third Reich, the assembly of councillors disappeared. Towns were now ruled by a mayor and his advisors. This system was in force until the end of World War II. Custodial history The rst group of records from the town of Kolobrzeg was acquired by the Archives in Szczecin in 1899, even before an agreement regarding their deposit between the Archives and the municipal authorities was signed (this took place in 1901). Subsequent acquisitions of documents took place between 1901 and 1922. The last part of the collection was transferred in 1923 after the conclusion of a second agreement. During World War II, part

1808

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of the records (mainly parchments and manuscripts) were evacuated to the town of Pezin in September 1942, and subsequently to the Landesarchiv (regional archives) in Greifswald, where they are still kept. The remainder was housed in the storehouses of the Szczecin archives, where they were found by Polish archivists in 1945. Copies Digital photos of the record group are available. Related materials •

Regional Archives Greifswald: Municipality Kolberg [Kolobrzeg] (reference code: Rep. 38bU, 38b Kolberg).

Publications •

•

• • •

Gaziski, R., “Akta miast pomorskich i nowomarchijskich z terenu Polski w zasobie Archiwum Krajowego w Greifswaldzie”, in: Szczeciskie Studia Historyczne, 13 (2000). Gaziski, R., P. Gut and M. Szukaa (ed.), Archiwum Pastwowe w Szczecinie. Przewodnik po zasobie archiwalnym. Akta do 1945 r. (Warsaw, Szczecin, 2002). Keyser, E. (ed.), Deutsches Städtbuch, Vol. 1 (Stuttgart, Berlin, 1939). Lesiski, H. (ed.), Dzieje Kolobrzegu (Pozna, 1965). Lesiski, H., Handel morski Koobrzegu (Szczecin, 1982).

Manuscripts and Legacies Record group Manuscripts and Legacies Rkopisy i spucizny Reference code : PL/65/016 Period : (1140) 1300–1943 Extent : 1570 items, 26.4 metres Abstract This collection of manuscripts and legacies contains records regarding the history of Pomeranian towns and items related to the genealogy of families from the regions of Lauenburg, Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg.

state archives in szczecin

1809

Moreover, it includes legacies from a large number of families, documents concerning the history of the town of Greifswald and its university, fairytales from Schelswig-Holstein, transcripts of privileges granted to the Pomeranian towns, and directives of the Swedish authorities. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1450–1800 : Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Low German

Relevant with regard to trade and diplomatic relations are the following items: • •

396: List of correspondence between the Pomeranian dukes and the Teutonic Order, fteenth century. 406–416, 418–422: Documents concerning trade, the treasury, political relations and shipping between Pomerania and the German states, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg, Courland, England, the Netherlands, Holstein and the towns of Bremen, Hamburg, St. Petersburg, Gdansk, Leipzig, Lübeck and Frankfurt, eighteenth century.

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance The collection of records known as “Manuscripts and Legacies” was created from the remains of legacies of persons who rendered great services to Pomerania. The legacies are composed of manuscripts, typescripts, and prints. Most of the items were part of the holdings of the Pomeranian Historical and Archeological Society (Gesellschaft für Pommersche Geschichte und Alterthumskunde). The most valuable and important collections are the legacies of Wilhelm Fiedrich Adelung (1741–1810), court adviser in the town of Szczecin, his brother Johann Christoph Adelung (1732–1806), custodian of the library of the Saxonian Elector, and their heir Friedrich Koch (1769–1849). Other materials derive from legacies of members of the Pomeranian Historical and Archeological Society and other historians. Other items originate from the cultural and scientic societies of the Baltic Germans in Riga, regional museums in Slawno and Stargard, the Geheimes Staatsarchiv in Berlin-Dahlem, the provincial archives in Stade and the

1810

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municipal archives of the town of Pilawa. A large group of records (237 archival units) belonged previously to the library of the eminent historian pastor Ludwig Wilhelm Bruggemann (1743–1817), which were later taken over by the General-Landschafts-Direktion (Land Credit Society). Custodial history This collection of manuscripts and legacies was gradually transferred to the repository between the mid-nineteenth century and 1940 and was marked as Rep. 38f. Deponierte Handschriften. Initially, the collection also contained the legacies of Loeper, Lutsch and Loewe, but these were made into separate collections. The items of Von Koller, Klempin, Kratz, Von Niessen and Wehrmann were also transferred, to the collection of Rep. 42 Nachlässe. Currently only the legacy of Wehrmann makes up a separate collection. After World War II, the records of the Historical and Archeological Society were also turned into a separate collection. At the same time the records of Rep. 39 Kleine Accessionen were included in the collection of manuscripts and legacies. This collection was evacuated during World War II to Spantekow and Goslar. After the war, parts of the records were regained. Copies Microlms and digital photos of the collection are available. Related materials •

Regional Archives Greifswald: Gesellschaft für Pommersche Geschichte und Alterthumskunde (reference code: Rep. 38c–7).

Publications •

Gaziski, R., P. Gut and M. Szukaa (ed.), Archiwum Pastwowe w Szczecinie. Przewodnik po zasobie archiwalnym. Akta do 1945 r. (Warsaw, Szczecin, 2002).

Nowe Warpno Town Records Record group Nowe Warpno Town Records Akta miasta Nowe Warpno

state archives in szczecin Reference code Period Extent

1811

: PL/65/211 : 1715–1944 : 379 items, 3.60 metres

Abstract This record group consists of the records created by the town administration of Nowe Warpno. Besides the town’s general administration, it includes gathered papers regarding the trade in corn and salt, taxes on beer and vodka, relations between Prussia and England, regulations concerning the trade in amber in the town of Slupsk (Stolp), regulations on settlement, and documents regarding churches, hospitals, poorhouses and sailors. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1782–1796 : Germany, Poland, various countries : High German, Low German

Relevant with regard to trade and shipping are four items: •

• •

17, 19: Documents regarding the relations between Prussia and England, and regulations concerning the trade in amber in the town of Slupsk, 1782–1796. 36: Regulations concerning shipbuilding and ships’ repairs in the town of Nowe Warpno, 1776. 43: Passes for neutral ships, 1789.

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance Nowe Warpno (north of Szczecin) was rst mentioned as a town (civitas) in 1317 and 1352. The actual date of its foundation is not known. In 1397 the settlement was granted the right to conduct sea shipping. After a re in the settlement in 1442, Duke Joachim I conrmed the town’s privilege to use Lübeck law and other privileges with regard to taxes and trade granted previously to the town. In 1556 Duke Filip I reconrmed all these privileges and freedoms. In the period until 1800, the population of New Warpno mainly earned its living as farmers and shers. They were also active in shipbuilding and the manufacture of nets.

1812

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When the dynasty of the Gryts died out in 1637, and the Pomeranian region was divided between Brandenburg and Sweden in 1653, New Warpno came under Swedish rule. In the late seventeenth century the Swedes tried to convert the town into a fortress, using its location on a peninsula. In 1720 the town came under Prussian rule. In the eighteenth century shipbuilding further developed in the town, and the shipyards would eventually compete with those in Szczecin. At that time, many skippers, helmsmen, sailors and shers were living in the town. Custodial history The records of the town of Nowe Warpno (Neuwarp) were transferred to the Szczecin archives in 1930s. In June 1944 the collection was divided up: part of the records was taken to Ralswick and from there to Greifswald (where they still remain), the other part remained in Szczecin. The items from Szczecin were found by Polish archivists in 1945 and secured. In 1958, 237 loose items from the municipal records of the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries were found in Nowe Warpno. They were also transferred to Szczecin. Copies Digital photos of the collection are available. Related materials •

Regional Archives of Greifswald: Municipality of Neuwarp (reference code: Rep. 38b Neuwarp).

Publications • •

•

Gaziski, R., “Akta miasta Nowe Warpno w zasobie Archiwum Krajowego w Greifswaldzie”, in: Szczeciski Informatior Archiwalny, 11 (1997). Gaziski, R., P. Gut and M. Szukaa (eds.), Archiwum Pastwowe w Szczecinie. Przewodnik po zasobie archiwalnym. Akta do 1945 r. (Warsaw, Szczecin, 2002). Keyser, E. (ed.), Deutsches Städtbuch, Vol. 1 (Stuttgart, Berlin, 1939).

Samuel Gottlieb Loeper Collection Record group Samuel Gottlieb Loeper Collection Zbiór Samuela Gottlieba Loepera

state archives in szczecin Reference code Period Extent

1813

: PL/65/011 : (1128) 1606–1790 (1863) : 182 items, 12 metres

Abstract This collection consists of the papers compiled by Samuel Gottlieb Loeper. It contains records related to the history of churches, towns, and noble and bourgeois families from the Pomeranian region. These include copies of registers of old archives reworked by Friedrich Dreger, registers from the Eberstein family archives, information on records collected by Emanuel Wendel, descriptions of Pomerania by Elihard Lubinus and by M. Adam Gerschorium, documents concerning the relations between Pomerania and Poland, Denmark, Sweden, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg, Sicily and the Holy Roman Empire, records regarding the Thirty Years’ War, genealogical records of the Pomeranian dukes, statutes of the chapter in Kamien (Kammin), and a catalogue of Bruggenmann’s library (later known as the General-Landschaft-Bibliothek). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1500–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Low German

Relevant with regard to diplomatic relations and trade are a few items: • •

•

20: Description of Pomerania by Adam Gerschorium from Gdansk, 1670. 53–72: Transcripts of documents concerning relations between Pomerania and Poland, Denmark, Sweden, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg and Sicily, relations between the Pomeranian rulers and Emperor Charles V, the Thirty Years’ War, the capitulation of Boguslaw XIV to Sweden, the Peace Treaty of Osnabrück, and the conrmation of state privileges by the Brandenburg electors, 1390–1742 and sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. 129–146: History of the Pomeranian towns, including Barwice, Demmin, Dobra Nowogardzka, Greifswald, Kolobrzeg (Kolberg), Koszalin, Miastko, Gryno, Polanow, Pyrzyce, Slupsk (Stolp), Stargard, Szczecin and Swidwin, and transcripts of charters and privileges, sixteenth to eighteenth centuries.

1814 •

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181: Agreement between Sweden and Prussia concerning inshore navigation, 1723, with retroacts, 1662–1733.

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance Samuel Loeper was born in the town of Stargard in 1712. He worked as a public servant in the town court of Koszalin and later as a legal adviser in the province of Szczecin. He owned estates in Lubiechowo (Kolobrzeg county), Beltan (Bialogard county) and Rzecki (Choszczno county). Samuel Loeper was a collector with an interest in science. He gathered large collections of books on his estates. The largest part of these collections was inherited from Samuel’s father, a doctor of law. Loeper died in Lubiechowo in 1778. After his death, his archival collection was taken over by his cousin. In 1834 Loeper’s grandchildren deposited his collection at the Pomeranian Historical Society. It consisted of manuscripts and about 1000 old prints, graphics and paintings. Custodial history The Loeper Collection was deposited at the Pomeranian Historical Society in 1834. After 1855 the provincial archives in Szczecin took over the archival and library holdings of the Society in accordance with a decision by the Prussian Prime Minister Otton von Manteuffel. During World War II, the Loeper collection was evacuated rst to Mierzecin in county Strzelce Kraj in 1942, and later to Germany. It was returned to Szczecin in 1948. Copies Digital photos of the collection are available. Related materials •

Regional Archives of Greifswald: Municipality of Stargard (reference code: Rep. 38b 38Ub Stargard).

Publications •

Gaziski, R., P. Gut and M. Szukaa (eds.), Archiwum Pastwowe w Szczecinie. Przewodnik po zasobie archiwalnym. Akta do 1945 r. (Warsaw, Szczecin, 2002).

state archives in szczecin •

•

1815

Stelmach M., “Dziaalno  Towarzystwa Historii Pomorza i Staro ytno ci w dobie tworzenia niemieckiej jedno ci pastwowej (do 1871 r.)”, in: Przegld Zachodniopomorski, 43 (1999), p. 3. Turek-Kwiatkowska, L., Z dziejów su by archiwalnej. Archiwa na Pomorzu Zachodnim w latach 1808–1914 (Warsaw, 1968).

Stargard Town Records Record group Stargard Town Records Akta miasta Stargardu Reference code : PL/65/218 Period : (1409) 1551–1940 Extent : 9789 items, 166.5 metres Abstract This collection consists of the administration of the town council of Stargard. It is composed of records concerning the organisation and structure of Stargard, as well as its social life. Included are papers regarding feudal matters, privileges, elections of members of the diet and the town council, documents concerning schools, churches, hospitals, poorhouses and guilds, and all other records typically created by the town administration. The collection also contains records from the Jewish community. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1657–1800 : Germany, Poland : High German, Low German

Relevant with regard to trade and shipping from Stargard are the following items: •

•

6516–6519, 6526, 6538: Regulations concerning the Ina River and the maintenance of its banks, and documents regarding trade and taxes due in the region from the mouth of the Ina River to Szczecin Bay, 1657–1800. 8758–8760: Documents regarding the construction of fortications, 1776–1800.

1816

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Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance The history of Stargard starts in the late tenth century, when on a bend in the Ina River a strong settlement was built to protect the crossing point. The inhabitants of the settlement were baptised by Bishop Otto from Bamberg in 1124. From 1185 the settlement was regarded as the centre of a separate territorial unit: the Provincia Starogrardensis. It was granted Magdeburg law and economic privileges, including the right to conduct sea trade, in 1253 by the Pomeranian Duke Barnim I. In 1292, Magdeburg law was replaced with Lübeck law, which was more favourable for merchants. The town began to develop rapidly and it conducted trade mainly with Scandinavia. The economic position of Stargard resulted, however, in an open war with Szczecin (1454–1464), which felt threatened by its domination in this part of the Pomeranian region. Stargard was defeated by Szczecin and its development was halted. Matters got worse in the Thirty Years’ War, when the emperor’s and Swedish soldiers were quartered in Stargard and a re raged in the town in 1635, which ruined the inhabitants. The situation deteriorated when the Pomeranian state ended with the Gryts dynasty in 1635. In 1648 Stargard became subject to Brandenburg rule in accordance with the Peace of Westphalia and subsequent agreements regarding the division of Pomerania between Sweden and Brandenburg in 1653. In the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, the town was the capital of the Prussian part of Pomerania. In the eighteenth century, the rst factories were established in the town. At that time it had about 5500 inhabitants. As a result of the Napoleonic wars, changes in the organisation of the Prussian state were introduced and in 1808 municipal law came into effect. The municipal statute of 1853 strengthened the two-chamber system, in which the town council acted only as a legislative body and the municipality as the executive. Custodial history The records of the town of Stargard were transferred to the Archives in Szczecin on the basis of deposit agreements between the municipal authorities and the repository in 1921. In 1942 the records were evacuated to the castles in Pezin and Ralswick, where they were housed during the war. Between 1946 and 1947 the records from Pezin were transferred back to Szczecin. At the same time the records from Ralswick were taken to Greifswald. Part of these records were returned to Szczecin in 1962.

state archives in szczecin

1817

Copies Digital photos of the collection are available. Related materials •

Regional Archives Greifswald: Municipality of Stargard (reference code: Rep. 38b 38Ub Stargard).

Publications • • •

• •

• •

Dopieraa, B. (ed.), Z dziejów ziemi stargardzkiej (Pozna, 1969). Filipowiak, W., “Pocz tki Stargardu”, in: Szczecin (1961), pp. 7–8. Gaziski, R., “Akta miast pomorskich i nowomarchijskich z terenu Polski w zasobie Archiwum Krajowego w Greifswaldzie”, in: Szczeciskie Studia Historyczne, 13 (2000). Gaziski, R., “Wojna ze Stargardem o handel morski (1454–1464)”, in: Materiay Zachodniopomorskie, 39 (1993). Gaziski, R., P. Gut and M. Szukaa (eds.), Archiwum Pastwowe w Szczecinie. Przewodnik po zasobie archiwalnym. Akta do 1945 r. (Warsaw, Szczecin, 2002). Keyser, E. (ed.), Deutsches Städtbuch, Vol. 1 (Stuttgart, Berlin, 1939). Werhmann, M., “Stargard in Pommern und sein Bürgermeister Peter Groening”, in: Baltische Studien Neue Folge, 33–2 (1931).

1818

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NICHOLAS COPERNICUS MUNICIPAL LIBRARY Wojewódzka Biblioteka Publiczna w Toruniu— Ksinica Kopernikaska Torun www.bibltor.torun.pl

Cartographic Collection Record group Cartographic Collection Zbiór kartograczny Reference code : Kart or TN Period : 1500–2005 Extent : 3807 items Abstract This record group consists of the cartographic collection of the Nicholas Copernicus Municipal Library itself and a deposit of the Torun Learned Society. It includes a unique assemblage of globes from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, as well as atlases and maps of the world, Poland, Pomerania and Prussia from the sixteenth to the twentieth century. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1550–1796 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : French, Latin, Low German

Relevant items are found both in the regular cartographic collection of the Nicholas Copernicus Municipal Library and in the deposit of the Torun Learned Society.

nicholas copernicus municipal library

1819

CARTOGRAPHIC COLLECTION (all nos. start with Kart/) • •

•

• • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1, 422–425, 1059: Maps of Royal Prussia and the Duchy of Prussia, and the Baltic Sea coast, 1576, 1600, 1701, 1758–1759, 1796. 87, 88, 272, 390, 393, 394, 399, 400, 406, 410, 482, 1138: World atlases containing maps of the Baltic Sea, the Prussian coast, Poland, Lithuania, Courland, Western Pomerania, Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, the Gdansk roadstead, and maps of towns, for instance Gdansk, by A. Orteli, J. Hondij, M. Meriam, H. Jaillot, R. de Hoge, I. Rhode, P. Schenk, 1598, 1616–1618, 1692–1693, 1708, 1730–1760, 1772, 1784. 88–200, 411, 414–481, 553–576, 829–863: Atlases of Europe containing maps of the Baltic Sea, the Prussian coast, Poland, Lithuania and Western Pomerania, Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, Friesland, Russia, Scandinavia, 1550–1705, 1716–1758. 92, 595, 621, 622, 848, 845: Maps of Western Pomerania and the Baltic coast, 1600, 1705, 1730, 1764, 1780. 109, 110, 119, 741: Maps of the German Baltic Sea coast, 1700– 1750. 111, 137–139, 372, 430–434, 492, 493, 684, 1038: Maps of Poland, by W. Grodeck, P. Schenck, J. Homann, M. Seutter, R. Vaugondy, J. Kanter, 1600, 1650, 1700, 1734, 1743, 1750, 1769, 1770, 1772, 1795. 127, 128, 849: Maps of Rügen, 1730, 1750, 1760. 132, 134, 414–416: Maps of Denmark, also showing parts Sweden and Norway, 1716, 1720–1750. 133, 135, 136, 420: Maps of Scandinavia, Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Finland, 1716–1770. 141, 142, 439, 454–456, 459: Maps of Russia, 1730, 1739, 1759, 1769. 400, 406: Maps and panoramas of Gdansk, 1693, 1730–1760. 410: Panorama and plan of Amsterdam, 1708. 417, 617: Maps of Schleswig-Holstein and Dithmarschen, 1716, 1743. 421, 574, 634, 635: Map of Friesland and plan of Emden, by N. Visscher, J. Homann and T. Lotter, 1578, 1730, 1740, 1750. 426: Map of the Vistula outlet near Gdansk, by J. Endersch, 1753. 437–438: Maps of Lithuania, 1750, 1775. 441–442: Maps of Courland, 1747. 557, 570, 674: Maps of the Netherlands, by P. Voigas, P. Mortier, J. Theuniss, 1600, 1667, 1720–1750. 569: Map of Flanders, 1694. 616, 853: Maps of the surroundings of Bremen and panoramas of Bremen, 1743.

1820 • • • • •

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618: Map of Mecklenburg, 1743. 619: Map of the surroundings of Wismar and panorama of the town of Wismar, 1743. 674: Sailor’s map of the coasts of southeast England and the Netherlands, by J. Theuniss, 1750. 857: Panorama and plan of Hamburg, 1743. 1057: Map of East Prussia, 1796.

DEPOSIT OF THE TORUN LEARNED SOCIETY (Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu) (all nos. start with TN/) • •

• •

25: Map of the surroundings of Szczecin (Stettin) and panorama of Szczecin, 1659. 37, 576: World atlases containing maps of the Baltic Sea and the coasts of Prussia, Poland and Lithuania, Courland, Western Pomerania, German, the Netherlands, Denmark and Sweden, by A. Orteli and J. Homann, 1573, 1740. 42: Map of Eastern Prussia, 1746. 210: Map of Prussia, by N. Visscher, 1775.

Accessibility Inventory in Anna Lewandowska, Katalog zbiorw kartogracznych Ksiaznicy Miejskiej im. Mikolaja Kopernika w Toruniu (Torun, 1957). In addition, there is a topical card index of maps and atlases. Record creator / provenance The Nicholas Copernicus Municipal Library in Torun has been operating since 1923 as a library with a regional scope. It was composed from library collections of four institutions, i.e. the town council of Torun, the Protestant Academic Gymnasium, the German Copernicus Society and the Torun Learned Society. Visually attractive Most pieces are printed and coloured. Copies Part of the collection has been digitised or microlmed.

nicholas copernicus municipal library

1821

Related materials • • • •

Pomeranian Plans and Maps Collection (reference code: PL/10/1126). Gdansk Maps and Plans Collection (reference code: PL/10/300/MP). National Library in Warsaw: Cartographic Collection. Jagiellonian Library in Cracow: Graphic and Cartographic Collection.

Manuscript Collection Record group Manuscript Collection Zbiór rkopisów Reference code : KM or TN Period : 1300–2005 Extent : 700 items Abstract This collection consists of manuscripts of the Nicholas Copernicus Municipal Library itself and a deposit of the Torun Learned Society. The oldest manuscripts date back to the fourteenth century and are mainly parchment codices made by Franciscan copyists, calendars, prayer books and hagiographies. In addition, there are illuminated manuscripts from the library of King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary (Matthias the Just) and two fteenthcentury Italian satires by Xenophont. From the sixteenth century, there are many law codes, chronicles of Royal Prussia and Torun, reports and edicts issued by the town council and copies of transcripts of the proceedings of the court of assessors. The newer records include family chronicles, lectures of gymnasium professors and their correspondence, and autographs of writers and poets. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1450–1722 : Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden : Latin, Low German

Relevant items are found both in the regular collection of manuscripts of the Nicholas Copernicus Municipal Library and in the deposit of the Torun Learned Society.

1822

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MANUSCRIPTS (all nos. start with KM/) • • • • • • • • • • • •

39: Chronicler’s notes regarding Prussia and Torun, 1350–1546. 88: Excerpts from the minutes of the Prussian provincial diet, 1629– 1638. 89, 178: Excerpts regarding the Prussian Law and cartulary of Ducal Prussian laws and privileges, c. 1680, 1704–1706. 91: Description of the history of the town of Gdansk up to 1522, by Stanislaus Bornbach, published in 1587. 93: Excerpts and notes regarding the proceedings of the Prussian Diet in Königsberg and the Polish Parliament in Warsaw, 1608–1609. 95, 104: Chronicles and history of the Order of the Teutonic Knights in Prussia, 1550. 97: Law code for Gdansk, 1678. 101: Law code for Gdansk, excerpts of privileges and royal statutes, by E. Schroder, 1650. 160: “Annales Poloniae Regni Sigismundo Augusto Regi ordine prescripi”, by Stanislaw Orzechowski, 1544. 264: Treatise and notes on the monetary system in Poland and Prussia, by D. Braun, 1722. E4 395: Code of law called “De jure provincjali terrerum maiorumque civitatum Prussiae”, excerpt from a treatise printed in Cracow, 1650. L fol. 125: Notes regarding calendars, list of Hebrew month names in the Jewish calendar and list of calculations of time, sixteenth century.

DEPOSIT OF THE TORUN LEARNED SOCIETY (Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu) •

TN 158/58: History of Poland and Prussia, chronicle of Poland over the period 550–1718, chronology of Prussia over the period 550–1718, Polish and Prussian law, 1720.

Accessibility Two card indexes respectively cover the manuscripts of the Nicholas Copernicus Municipal Library and the Torun Learned Society. Record creator / provenance The Nicholas Copernicus Municipal Library has been operating since 1923 as a library with a regional scope. It was composed from library collections of four institutions, i.e. the town council of Torun, the Protestant

1823

state archives in torun

Academic Gymnasium, the German Copernicus Society and the Torun Learned Society. Copies Part of the collection has been digitised or microlmed. Related materials • • • •

Elblag Town Records (reference code. PL/10/369,1). Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code. PL/10/300). Elblag Town Manuscripts Collection (reference code. PL/10/492). Torun Town Records (reference code. PL/69/1).

Publications •

Danuta, Kamolowa, Zbiory rkopisów w bibliotekach i muzeach w Polsce (Warsaw, 1988).

STATE ARCHIVES IN TORUN Archiwum Pastwowe w Toruniu Torun www.torun.ap.gov.pl

Cartographic Collection of the Town of Torun Record group Cartographic Collection of the Town of Torun Zbiory kartograczne miasta Torunia Reference code : PL/69/2/I Period : 1552–1912 Extent : 1015 items

1824

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Abstract This collection is composed of plans and maps compiled by various municipal ofces. It contains maps of the world, Europe and countries surrounding the Baltic Sea, as well as plans and maps of towns and town districts (such as the wharf on the Vistula River where a harbour was located), plans of suburbs and country estates, technical plans of municipal buildings and various kinds of equipment. The collection also includes panoramas of towns dating from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1595–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : French, High German, Latin, Low German

The collection includes various maps and plans of the Baltic and North Sea regions (all numbers start with 2/I/): •

• • • • • • • •

41 T.702, 43 T.702, 45 T.710, 46 T.698, 50 T.701, 52 T.701, 70 T.698, 71 T.701, 84–91 T.699–702, 104–106 T.701–702, 110–112 no. 709, 113 T.701, 116 T.701, 117 T.702, 118 T.716, 129 T.701, 218 no. 719, 222 T.711, 231 no. 715, 232 T.702, 234 T.701, 235 T.700, 239 no. 709, 240 T. 709, 241 T.701, 242 no. 709, 233 T.701: Maps and atlases of the Netherlands, northern Germany, Denmark, Norway, Finland, Russia, Eastern Prussia, Western Prussia and Western Pomerania, 1595–1818. 140, 714/I nos. 3–6: Panorama and plan of the town of Amsterdam, including plans of municipal buildings, 1727. 168, 714/II, 54c; 714/III, s.1: Panorama and plan of the town of The Hague, eighteenth century. 173, 714/III, 18a: Panorama and town plan of Kiel, eighteenth century. 64, 714/III nos. 5–9; 170, 714/III, 5: General views of the town of Hamburg, town plans and panoramas, eighteenth century 158, 714/I, 30b; 714/I, 30a–30b: Town plan and general view of Bremen, eighteenth century. 179, 714/III, 30a: General view and panorama of the town of Lübeck, eighteenth century. 127, 714/IV, 30–32: Plan and general view of the town of Stralsund, eighteenth century. 168, 714/I no. 39: Plan and general view of the town of Copenhagen, eighteenth century.

state archives in torun • • • • • • •

1825

128, 714/IV, 39: Map of the Sound, eighteenth century. 194, 714/IV, 11b–11d: Panoramas of the seaside towns located in Western Pomerania, eighteenth century. 203, 714/IV, 27a: Panorama of the town of Szczecin, including royal castles, eighteenth century. 126, 714/IV, 27b–29: Panorama and town plan of Stockholm, eighteenth century. 100–101, 714/IV nos. 7–9: Plans and general views of the town of St. Petersburg, for example of the harbour, 1703 and 1750. 252, 714/II, 44; 253 T.504; 254 T.506: Plans, general views and panorama of the town of Elblag, 1738 and 1834. 255–260, 714/II nos. 1–7, 12–29: General views, plans and panoramas of the town of Gdansk, plan of the Wisloujscie fortress and of the mouth of the Vistula River, 1735, 1734, 1737 and 1773.

Accessibility Inventory. Custodial history The collection was created at the Municipal Archives of Torun in the nineteenth century. It was arranged in the 1930s by the municipal archivist Helena Piskorska, and an inventory was published in 1933. At the end of World War II the collection was, with other records, taken to Germany, to be returned to Torun in 1946. Visually attractive The collection includes coloured manuscript and printed maps. Copies Digital photos of the collection are available. Related materials •

Torun Town Records (reference code: PL/69/1).

Publications •

Piskorska, H., Zbiory kartograczne Archiwum miasta Torunia (Torun, 1938).

1826

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Guild Letters Record group Guild Letters Listy cechowe Reference code Period Extent

: PL/69/897 : 1339–1939 : 2793 items

Abstract This record group consists of guild letters, which are documents and letters of municipal authorities from the territory of Poland and other seaside regions granted to craftsmen and merchants who wanted to settle in Torun, conrming the lawfulness of their marriages or their right to practice their profession. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1728–1757 : Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Russia : Low German

Relevant are the correspondence regarding citizenship issues and the certicates from the town court issued to foreign merchants from Klaipeda (Memel) and Hamburg who applied for Torun town citizenship, 1728 and 1757 (nos. 5274, 5757). Accessibility Inventory. Custodial history The record group was originally kept with the other town records in the archives of the Torun town council. In the nineteenth century it was transferred to the municipal archives where it was inventoried. Copies Digital photos of the collection are available.

state archives in torun

1827

Related materials •

Torun Town Records (reference code: PL/69/1).

Publications •

Ciesielska, K., “Zarys dziejów Archiwum Toruskiego”, in: Zapiski historyczne, 43 (1978).

Torun Town Records—Books and Files Record group Torun Town Records—Books and Files Akta miasta Torunia—Ksigi i akta Reference code : PL/69/1/B Period : 1300–1890 Extent : 2280 items, 89.5 metres Abstract This record group consists of the books and les of the Torun town administration. It contains correspondence between the council and subordinate ofces and private persons, minutes of the meetings of the town council and the Third Estate, municipal court proceedings, documents concerning political, religious and commercial matters, and accounts of various municipal ofces. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1450–1768 : Poland, the Netherlands : Dutch, Low German

Relevant with regard to trade and shipping from Torun and Gdansk are the following items (all to be found in catalogue II): •

• •

VIII 61: Documents concerning the debts of shipwright Piotr Prie Diderk, whose creditor was Ludwik Antoni Voster from Heeden (the Netherlands), 1765–1768. XIII 93: Notes for annals on Prussian history, including the history of Gdansk, 1222–1580. XIV 2: Transcription of privileges of the town of Gdansk, 1455–1587.

1828

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Accessibility Inventory. Custodial history The books and les of the town of Torun were originally housed in the archives of the Torun town council. In the nineteenth century they were transferred to the municipal archives with the other town records and inventoried. Since that time, the collection has been known as the “Second Catalogue”. In 1944 the records were taken to the salt mine in Grasleben (Germany), from where they were returned to the Torun municipal archives in 1947. The collection was transferred to the State Archives in Torun in 1951. Copies Digital photos of the collection are available. Related materials •

Torun Town Records—Documents and Letters (reference code: PL/69/1A).

Publications • • •

Ciesielska, K., Wojewódzkie Archiwum Pastwowe w Toruniu. Informator o zasobie (Torun, 1977). Letkemann, P., Die Geschichte der Westpreussischen Stadtarchive, Beiträge zur Geschichte Westpreussens (Münster, 1976). Piskorska, H., “Organizacja wadz i kancelarii miasta Torunia do 1793 roku”, in: Roczniki Towarzystwa Naukowego w Toruniu, 59 (1954), p. 2.

Torun Town Records—Documents and Letters Record group Torun Town Records—Documents and Letters Akta miasta Torunia—Dokumenty i listy Reference code : PL/69/1/A Period : 1251–1945 Extent : 3633 items

state archives in torun

1829

Abstract This collection consists of the documents and letters of the Torun town council. It contains privileges and other documents, as well as correspondence with the Teutonic Order, Polish kings and dukes and other European rulers, clergy, and various Polish and European towns regarding political, commercial and religious matters concerning Torun and Royal Prussia. The privileges concern trade, building, religion and minting. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1636–1769 : Germany, Poland, Sweden : Latin

Relevant is item 3087b in which King Stanislaw August conrms the 1636 privileges of the Skippers’ Guild of Elblag (1739 and 1769). Accessibility Inventory. Custodial history The documents and letters of Torun were originally housed in the archives of the town council. In the nineteenth century, they were transferred to the municipal archives with the other town records and inventoried. Since that time the collection has been known as the “First Catalogue”. In 1944 the records were taken to the salt mine in Grasleben (Germany), from where they were returned to the municipal archives of Torun in 1947. The collection was transferred to the Torun State Archives in 1951. Copies Digital photos of the collection are available. Related materials •

Torun Town Records—Books and Files (reference code: PL/69/1/B).

Publications •

Ciesielska, K., “Zarys dziejów Archiwum Toruskiego”, in: Zapiski historyczne, 43 (1978).

1830 •

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Radzimiski, A., and J. Tandecki (eds.), Katalog dokumentów i listów królewskich królewskich Archiwum Pastwowego w Toruniu (1345–1789) (Warsaw, 1999).

Trading Company of the Merchant Samuel Edward Record group Trading Company of the Merchant Samuel Edward Przedsibiorstwo handlowe kupca Samuela Edwarda Reference code : PL/69/1072 Period : 1636–1660 Extent : 23 items, 0.34 metres Abstract This record group consists of accounting books, registers of sales, transaction papers, correspondence on business and private matters, and records regarding various activities of the headquarters of the company of Samuel Edward in the town of Torun and its branches in Gdansk, Jaroslaw, Lublin and Zamosc. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1651–1651 : Germany, Poland, the Netherlands : French, Low German, Polish

Relevant are items 6 and 7, which concern relations with merchants from Amsterdam and the trade in furs, 1651. Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance The trading company was founded by the Scottish emigrant Samuel Edward, who settled in Poland around 1620. After his death in 1655, the company was led by his wife Elzbieta. The main seat of the company was at Torun.

1831

university library in torun Custodial history

The collection was originally kept in the Municipal Archives of Torun from the late nineteenth century at the latest. The history of the records created before that time is not known. Related materials •

Torun Town Records (reference code: PL/69/1).

Publications •

Wojtowicz, J., “Toruskie przedsibiorstwo handlowe Samuela Edwarda w XVII wieku”, in: Roczniki Dziejów Spoecznych i Gospodarczych, Vol. 14 (Pozna, 1953).

UNIVERSITY LIBRARY IN TORUN Biblioteka Uniwersytetu w Toruniu Torun www.bu.uni.torun.pl

Cartographic Collection Department Record group Cartographic Collection Department Oddzia zbiorów kartogracznych Reference code : A or M Period : 1486–2005 Extent : 9000 maps, 1350 atlases Abstract The cartographic collection contains over 9000 maps and 1350 atlases. Among the most valuable items are: Ptolemy’s Cosmography (Ulm, 1486);

1832

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Marco Beneventano’s edition of Ptolemy’s Geography, which contains a map of Poland; La Geography by S. Münster (Rome, 1548); and Agnese Battista’s manuscript sailing atlas (Venice, mid-sixteenth century). Among the newer valuable records is a map of Western Pomerania by E. Lubinus (1618). In addition, the collection contains many valuable plans, maps and views of towns from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1508–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, French, Latin, Low German

Relevant items include maritime atlases and a great number of maps, plans and views of various towns from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries. ATLASES (all nos. start with A/): •

•

•

•

56–57–I, 59–I, 123–IV, 186–V, 205–V, 502–III, 636–I, 691–I, 785–IV: Atlases composed of maps of various regions in Europe, including the Baltic Sea, the coast of Prussia, Poland, Lithuania, Western Pomerania, Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, Friesland, Russia and Scandinavia, 1595, 1598, 1624, 1628, 1634, 1680, 1733, 1750, 1780. 60–I, 102–104–III, 107–III, 115–II, 117–119–V, 120–122–V, 132–III, 136–IV, 184–VI, 188–V, 265–III, 310–II, 393–V, 409–I, 447–I, 479–480–I, 559–VI, 725–VI, 776–777–I, 788–V, 1074–VI: World atlases containing maps of the Baltic Sea region, the coast of Prussia, Poland, Lithuania, Courland, Western Pomerania, Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, the roadstead of Gdansk harbour, and town plans, for example of Gdansk, by B. Agnese, G. Anson, I. Mueller, A. Orteli, P. Bertius, G. Blaeu. G. Braun, F. Hogenberg, Ph. Cluver, J. Homann, J. Jansson, S. Münster, H. Jaillot, C. Ptolomeus, 1508, 1548, 1550, 1554, 1572, 1582, 1597, 1604–1655, 1668, 1693, 1697, 1716, 1740–1744, 1760, 1775, 1780, 1793, 1800. 106–III, 120–V, 185–V, 205–V, 432–433–VI, 788–V: Maritime atlases containing maps of the Baltic Sea, the North Sea, the coast of Prussia, Poland, Lithuania, Western Pomerania, Germany, the Netherlands, Friesland, Russia and Scandinavia, by H. Doncker, J. Keulen, G. Blaeu, C. Vooght, 1630–1632, 1650–1652, 1699, 1750–1790. 109–III: Atlas of the Netherlands and Flanders, and panoramas of various towns, 1630–1700.

university library in torun •

1833

560–IV: Atlas of the Netherlands, published in Riga, authored by M. van Boschorn, 1634.

MAPS (all nos. start with M/): •

•

• •

• • •

• • • •

538, 539, 681, 682, 684, 685, 691, 2140–2142, 2305–2307, 2631, 3300, 4246, 4269, 5472, 6152, 6160, 6330, 6351: Maps of Poland and Lithuania, 1571–1572, 1598, 1640–1647, 1659, 1663, 1665–1666, 1696, 1711–1712, 1720, 1729–1730, 1736, 1750, 1752, 1760, 1770, 1772–1773, 1790, 1797. 539, 646, 1652, 2138, 2308, 6141, 6157, 6173, 6862: Maps of Mecklenburg, Western Pomerania and plans of Western Pomeranian towns, 1571, 1654, 1751, 1760, 1775, 1780, 1799–1802. 539, 732: Maps of Latvia, by A.Orteli, J. Janson, 1571, 1640. 647, 683, 4891, 5413, 6173, 6154–6156, 6207, 6208: Maps of Royal Prussia and the Duchy of Prussia, 1701–1760, 1763, 1774, 1775–1776, 1789, 1799–1802. 716, 3305: Maps of Scandinavia, 1647,1730. 734, 3324, 6359: Maps of Germany and the German Baltic Coast, 1587, 1640, 1701. 1362, 4502, 4503: Panoramas and plans of the town and bay of Gdansk, and the blockade of Gdansk harbour by the Swedish Army in 1627, 1659, 1770. 3304: Plan of the town of Wismar, 1715. 3306: Plan and panorama of Stockholm, by J. Homman, eighteenth century. 3264: Plan of the town of Szczecin during a siege by the Swedish Army, 1677. 5416: Maps of Russia, 1799.

Accessibility Card catalogue. Record creator / provenance The University Library was established in August 1945 but began its work only in May 1947. The basis for the collection constituted materials from libraries of various institutions such as manors, schools and private collections (mostly from Pomerania), as well as gifts from Polish and foreign libraries. Since 1947, the Library has been serving as a depository for all prints published within Poland, which greatly determines its character. However, the library collection is considered to be of great value mostly because of

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the special collections preserved, i.e. records related to the history of the Pomeranian region, the Baltic countries and the town and district of Vilnius, and publications on Nicolaus Copernicus and his work. Custodial history The collection has been compiled by the University Library and has been expanding mainly through donations of publications by other institutions. Foreign publications and the older Polish records were chiey purchased, and rarely acquired through exchange or gifts. Visually attractive The collection includes several coloured manuscript and printed maps. Copies Part of the collection has been microlmed. Publications • •

Pawowska L., Zbiory kartograczne Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Mikoaja Kopernika w Toruniu (Torun, 1986). Z dziejów kartograi. Mapy Poudniowego Batyku, ed. M. Stelmach (Szczecin, 1997).

Manuscripts Collection Record group Manuscripts Collection Kolekcja rkopisów Reference code : Rkp. Period : 1200–2005 Extent : 4600 items Abstract This collection contains medieval manuscripts and documents as well as modern and contemporary records, mostly from historical areas in northern Poland stretching from Szczecin to Vilnius and Kaliningrad (Königsberg). Modern manuscripts in Latin, German and Polish predominate but there are

university library in torun

1835

also a few in other European and oriental languages. The most valuable are: medieval richly-illustrated parchment codices; sources for Polish history (mainly the Pomeranian region) from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, including diet, papal, monastic and gentry records, often autographed by Polish kings; liturgical and biblical books, prayer books and sermons from the thirteenth to fteenth centuries; and fourteenth- and fteenth-century statutes of the Order of the Teutonic Knights. The most recent group of records constitutes legacies of professors of the University of Torun and archives concerning Polish emigration. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1538–1786 : Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden : Latin, Low German

Relevant materials include the following: • • •

•

26, 60, 61: Chronicles and history of the Order of the Teutonic Knights in Prussia by P. Deusburg, Rhoden, 1568. 58, 133, 140: Decisions of the Diet of the Duchy of Prussia taken in Heiligenbeil and Königsberg (Kaliningrad), 1567, 1609–1612, 1618–1736. 116, 134, 135, 137, 138, 145–147, 153, 163, 164, 167, 169: Chronicles and histories of Pomerania, by B. Struvii, B. Tessin, Stirps, Struvirus, T. Kantzow, A. Schomacher, V. Eichstadt, N. Klemtzen; and certied copies of the privileges being in force in the Duchy of Pomerania, 1538, 1604–1606, 1650–1740. 184: Textbook on the theory of trade, by Busch, 1786.

Accessibility Inventory. Card catalogues for seventeenth-century manuscripts, alphabetical on author and subject. Record creator / provenance The University Library was established in August 1945 but began its work in May 1947. The basis for the collection constituted materials from various libraries of, for example, manors, schools and private collections, mostly from the Pomeranian region, as well as gifts from Polish and foreign libraries. Since 1947, the library has been serving as a depository library for all

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works published within Poland. This basically determines its character but the library collection is also considered to be of great value because of the special collections preserved, i.e. records related to the history of the Pomeranian region, the Baltic countries and the towns of Vilnius and Torun and their districts, as well as the collection on Polish emigration. Custodial history Manuscripts have usually been acquired through purchase, and rarely through exchange or gifts. Copies Part of the collection has been scanned or microlmed. Related materials • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (PL/10/300). Elblag Town Records (PL/10/369,1).

Publications • •

Kamolowa D., and K. Muszyska, Zbiory rkopisów w bibliotekach i muzeach w Polsce (Warsaw, 1988). Strutyska, Maria, Cymelia ze zbiorów Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Toruniu: rkopisy, stare druki: wystawa zorganizowana z okazji Jubileuszu 50–lecia UMK w dniach 19–24.02.1995 (Torun, 1995).

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1837

CENTRAL ARCHIVES OF HISTORICAL RECORDS Archiwum Gówne Akt Dawnych Warsaw www.agad.archiwa.gov.pl

Cartographic Collection Record group Cartographic Collection Zbiór Kartograczny Reference code : PL/1/402 Period : 1579–1944 Extent : 15307 items Abstract This cartographic collection consists mainly of maps and plans of Polish territories from the period of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It also includes general maps and military, hydrographical, transportation and communication maps, as well as town plans and architectural drawings. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1579–1734 : Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden : Latin, Low German

Relevant are three items: •

•

3–49: Plan of the siege of the town of Gdansk in 1734, including the situation in the town, and the location of Russian and Saxon troops and of the Russian navy at the Vistula River mouth, late eighteenth century. 541–10: Map of Eastern Friesland, 1579.

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544–10: Map of Western Pomerania, including drawings of views on Pomeranian towns and portraits of the Pomeranian dukes, 1618.

Accessibility Inventory. Indexes are available in the reading room. Custodial history This collection was created after World War II from the records of the pre-war Central Archives of Historical Records, the Archives of Historical Records and the Treasury Archives. Added to this were maps and plans taken from family archives and items acquired by the Central Archives after World War II. Large parts of the collection originate from the Popiel Family Collection, the Lithuanian Metrica, Archives of the Polish Kingdom, Collection of Military Records from Jablonna, Warsaw Archives of the Radziwi family, Lancut Archives of the Potocki family, Nieborow Archives of the Radziwill family, Wilanow Commercial Archives and a few smaller family archives. The collection was further expanded with urban maps and plans regained from the USSR between 1962 and 1966, as well as cartographic records donated by the Central Military Archives and other institutions, or purchased from private owners. Visually attractive The collection includes embellished and coloured maps. Copies Digital photos and microlms of the collection are available.

Cartographic Department Acquisitions Record group Cartographic Department Acquisitions Nabytki oddziau Kartograi Reference code : PL/1/444 Period : 17th century-early 20th century Extent : 537 items

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Abstract This collection consists of urban plans in various scales, architectural and technical drawings (late eighteenth to mid-twentieth centuries). The hydrographical maps and technical drawings made during the building of the Augustow Canal deserve special attention. The collection also encompasses atlases. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1692–1701 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, French, Latin, Low German

The following atlases contain relevant maps: • •

740–1: Atlas of the world, by Sanson, 1692, including maps of countries around the Baltic Sea. 599–1: Geographical and historical atlas of the Netherlands, 1701, consisting of 53 maps of the territory of the Netherlands, its towns, etc.

Accessibility Acquisition book of the Cartographic Department. Custodial history The materials (of the Department of Cartographic Collection) were acquired from the holdings of the First Department of the Archives (gifts and purchases). Visually attractive The collection contains coloured, decorated, printed maps.

Collection of Paper Documents Record group Collection of Paper Documents Zbiór dokumentów papierowych

1840 Reference code Period Extent

poland : PL/1/2 : 1395–1931 : 4487 items, 17 metres

Abstract This collection of paper documents consists of small fragments of the Crown Archives of Warsaw, papers from archives of chancelleries of town and land courts, papers from municipal archives, and single documents regarding mostly private persons, which were acquired by the Central Archives of Historical Records through donations and purchases. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1557–1776 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands : French, Latin

Relevant are a few items which concern trade and diplomatic relations: •

• •

• •

•

575: Memorandum drawn up in Hamburg, containing recommendations on how to spend ten million Polish zloty from the national income of Poland, 1776. 1271: Trade treaty concluded between the town of Gdansk and Dutch merchants, 1656. 2039–2046: Records regarding the return of the town of Elblag that was pledged to the elector of Brandenburg and guaranteed by jewels from the Crown treasury, 1699–1700. 2639: Letter of Nicolaus de Bye (Polish representative in The Hague) to Mikoaj Prazmowski, deputy Crown Chancellor, 1658. 2927: Anonymous letter to the elector of Brandenburg regarding the hijack of a Spanish ship by the elector’s eet near Ostend, late seventeenth century. 3135: Order issued by King Zygmunt August to Jan Kostka, castellan of Gdansk, to pay Roger Dermeien (custom-maker of carpets and curtains), 1557.

Accessibility Inventory. Chronological and subject card indexes regarding the records of towns, churches and convents are available in the reading room.

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Custodial history The collection was created in the nineteenth century as a result of acquisition activities, donations and gifts. Some records were taken over from discontinued civil tribunal archives. The collection has gradually increased over the twentieth century. Visually attractive The collection includes some attractive international treaties containing various seals. Related materials •

Crown Archives of Warsaw (reference code: PL/1/3).

Publications • •

Ciara, S., “Zbiór dokumentów papierowych w AGAD”, in: Archeion, 73 (1982). Kulecki, M., “Zbiór dokumentów papierowych”, in: T. Zieliska (ed.), Archiwum Gówne Akt Dawnych w Warszawie. Informator o zasobie (Warsaw, 1992).

Collection of Parchments Record group Collection of Parchments Zbiór dokumentów pergaminowych Reference code : PL/1/1 Period : 1155–1939 Extent : 8873 items, 100 metres Abstract This collection consists of parchments from the Crown Archives of Krakow (which included the majority of the holdings of the former archives of the rst Polish Republic), the archives of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (taken over from the Radziwill Family Archives), municipal records from former town archives (added in the nineteenth century), records of churches and convents from the archives of the ofce of the Apostolic Nuncio in Poland,

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and various other archives, libraries and private collections (such as those of the Radziwill, Tyzenhauz, Zamoyski, Przezdziecki and Branicki families, and the National Museum), as well as single papers regarding private persons that were donated or purchased. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1466–1778 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands : Latin, various languages

Relevant with regard to trade and diplomatic relations are several items: • • •

•

• • • • • • • • • •

187: Treaty between Duke Heinrich V of Mecklenburg and King Sigismund I of Poland, 1525. 207: Nomination by Duke Boguslaw XIV of Szczecin of the plenipotentiaries who would take the efdom of Lebork-Bytow, 1633. 208: Document concerning Friedrich Wilhelm, elector of Brandenburg, accepting Philip IV of Spain as a guarantor of the peace treaty between Sweden and Poland in Oliwa, 1660. 209: Nomination by Friedrich Wilhelm III, elector of Brandenburg, of plenipotentiaries to conduct the return of the town of Elblag to Poland in exchange for jewels from the Crown Treasury, 1700. 511–513: Records regarding the measures taken by Boguslaw, Duke of Szczecin, to secure a dowry for the Polish princess Anna, 1491. 514: Paper issued by Jerzy, Duke of Szczecin, regarding the conditions under which the efdom of Lebork-Bytow might be assumed, 1526. 526: Agreement regarding the marriage of Duke Boguslaw of Szczecin and Princess Anna of Poland, 1490. 528: Treaty concluded by Duke Eryk of Szczecin and King Casimir IV Jagiellon of Poland, 1466. 530: Treaty concluded by King Sigismund I of Poland and the dukes of Szczecin, Jerzy and Barnim, 1525. 1140–1145: Records concerning the second Peace of Torun, 1466. 1399: Sentence passed by the council of Lübeck against Dietrich Greusin, 1615. 1440: Ratication of a treaty concerning the return of the town of Elblag by Friedrich III, elector of Brandenburg, 1699. 4566: Oath of allegiance by the burgomasters and council of Riga to King Stefan Batory of Poland, 1581. 4567: Treaty concluded between Poland and Denmark through Bran-

central archives of historical records

•

•

• •

•

• •

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denburg mediation regarding the county of Piltyn and the diocese of Kuron, 1585. 5434: Act by the States General of the Dutch Republic approving the mutual assurances of friendship passed between King Michal Korybut of Poland and envoy De Witt, 1671. 5488: Report from the plenipotentiaries appointed by Duke Heinrich of Mecklenburg and Duke Barnim of Szczecin concerning the peace negotiations with the representatives of the Polish and Danish kings, 1524. 5489: Treaty between the king of Poland and the dukes of Mecklenburg and Szczecin, 1524. 5490: Conrmation by Johann Albrecht of Mecklenburg-Schwerin of the treaty of friendship with King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland, 1556. 5501–5513, 5610, 5611, 5622: Various records concerning the conclusion of peace between Sweden and Poland in Oliwa, among others, 1659–1660. 5518–5523: Records regarding the Polish–Danish treaties against Sweden, 1564–1658. 8935: Permission issued by Empress Maria Teresa of Austria to Malgorzata Stauber to conduct trade on the vessel Madonna del Carmine, 1778.

Accessibility Inventory. Chronological and subject card indexes regarding the records from the former Crown Archives of Krakow and documents from towns, churches and orders are available in the reading room. Custodial history The rst part of the Crown Archives of Krakow was formed in the Archives of the General Nation (the predecessor of the Central Archives of Historical Records) just after its creation in 1808. In the nineteenth century, papers of towns, orders and churches were acquired from the territory of the Polish Congress Kingdom, created in accordance with the Treaty of Vienna of 1815. After the Treaty of Riga between Poland and the USSR in 1921, the remaining part of the Crown Archives of Krakow were regained from Russia. After World War II the records from nationalised private archives of the Radziwill, Zamoyski and other families were added to the collection.

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Visually attractive The collection contains some attractive international treaties containing various seals. Copies Microlms and digital photos of the collection are available. Related materials •

Crown Archives in Warsaw (reference code: PL/1/3).

Publications •

•

Sukowska-Kura , I., “Archiwum Koronne Krakowskie”, in: J. Karwasiska, Archiwum Gówne Akt Dawnych w Warszawie. Przewodnik po zespoach, Vol. I, Archiwa dawnej Rzeczypospolitej (Warsaw, 1975). Wajs, H., “Zbiór Dokumentw pergaminowzch”, in: T. Zieliska, Archiwum Gówne Akt Dawnych w Warszawie. Informator o zasobie (Warsaw, 1992).

Kingdom of Poland Archives Record group Kingdom of Poland Archives Archiwum Królestwa Polskiego Reference code : PL/1/11 Period : 1499–1822 Extent : 1112 items, 24.2 metres Abstract This record group mostly consists of records dating back to the period of King Stanislaw August. They include papers concerning or deriving from Andrzej Trzebicki, Bishop of Przemysl and Deputy Chancellor (1639–1655), the Foreign Interest Department of the Permanent Council (eighteenth century), the Kosciuszko Uprising, the Commission of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Police and the Crown Marshall, as well as parts of private archives of King Stanislaw August and political yers.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1794–1795 : Poland, the Netherlands : French

Relevant is item 355, which comprises correspondence between King Stanislaw August and his representative in The Hague, A. Middleton, dating from 1794–1795. Accessibility I. Riabinin, Archiv Carstva Polskago. Czast’ I: Vnutrennija diea Polszi (Moscow, 1914). Custodial history The record group, a legacy of the various Polish central institutions, is composed of archival items that were classied as regarding the “international history of the state” (a division that was made inconsistently) and were taken to St. Petersburg after the third partition of Poland. These records were stored in the Central Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Moscow. Currently, this record group contains only those items that after their return could not be included into the existing record groups in the Central Archives of Historical Records. Related materials •

Crown Archives of Warsaw (reference code: PL/1/3).

Publications • •

Jankowska, J., “Dzieje zbioru pod nazw Archiwum Królestwa Polskiego”, in: Archeion, 44 (1966). Kulecki, M., “Archiwum Królestwa Polskiego”, in: Archiwum Gówne Akt Dawnych w Warszawie. Informator o zasobie, ed. T. Zieliska (Warsaw, 1992).

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Lithuanian Papers Record group Lithuanian Papers Metryka Litewska Reference code Period Extent

: PL/1/0/10 : 1448–1808 : 421 items, 25.6 metres

Abstract The record group comprises fragments of records created by various royal councils, including the Permanent Council, the Guardianship of the Laws, the Commission of National Education, the Military Commission of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Cabinet and Military Chancellery of King Stanislaw August Poniatowski, etc. It also includes orders of the Royal Police Commission and the Commission of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Police, records from the royal chancellery and historic inventories of the Cracovian Crown Archives. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1781–1786 : Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Russia : Latin

Item Dz. IX nr 80 contains correspondence of the Gdansk municipal authorities to the Royal Court and Royal Commissions in Warsaw. Accessibility S. Ptaszycki, Opisanije knig i aktov Litovkoj Metriki (St. Petersburg, 1887). Custodial history The materials were composed of the legacies of various central Polish institutions of Poland, which after the third partition of Poland were taken to St. Petersburg. There, these records were added to the Lithuanian “Metryca”. After its return, the record group currently only contains items that could not be included into other record groups at the Central Archives of Historical Records.

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1847

Related materials •

Crown Archives of Warsaw (PL/1/0/3).

Publications • •

Jankowska, J., “O tak zwanej Metryce Litewskiej w zasobie Archiwum Gównego Akt Dawnych w Warszawie”, in: Archeion, 32 (1960). Sdek, M., “Tak zwana Metryka Litewska”, in: Archiwum Gówne Akt Dawnych w Warszawie. Informator o zasobie, ed. T. Zieliska (Warsaw, 1992).

Popiel Family Collection Record group Popiel Family Collection Zbiór Popielów Reference code : PL/1/12 Period : 1499–1899 Extent : 444 items, 24.5 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the Popiel family. It contains correspondence between the king or the head of the king’s cabinet (the private chancellery of the king) and royal representatives at foreign courts, reports of meetings with foreign envoys residing in Warsaw, mainly from Russia and Prussia, foreign correspondence of the king, various cartularies of documents related to Courland, Austria, Russia, Prussia, etc., intended for King Stanislaw August Poniatowski, a collection of diaries concerning the diets, speeches, documents concerning the drawing up of a constitution, diplomatic codes and cartographic items. The older records include documents concerning the salt mines, the local authorities of Cracow, and the royal estates. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1765–1794 : Germany, Poland, the Netherlands : French, Polish

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Relevant are items 6, 12, 40–47 and 358–361, which contain documents related to contacts between the Prussian towns and King Stanislaw August Poniatowski (1732–1798). Of especial relevance are the records regarding the town of Gdansk, especially those concerning the contacts between the local representatives of the king, Henning and Husarzewski, and King Stanislaw August, and the documents with regard to the towns of Torun and Elblag. Of particular interest are also the letters of safe-conduct for shipping on the Baltic Sea issued by Henning (item 46). Worth noting is also the correspondence between King Stanislaw August Poniatowski and the royal representative at The Hague, A. Middleton. Accessibility Inventory. Custodial history Part of the archival collection of Stanislaw August Poniatowski was given to Marcin Badeni, a former ofcial at the cabinet of the king, at the start of the nineteenth century. Later on, the items were inherited by the Popiel family, from which derives the name of the collection, and subsequently purchased by the Ministry of Religions and Public Education in 1930, before being transferred to the Central Archives of Historical Records. Copies Copies of the collection are available. Related materials •

Warsaw Crown Archives (reference code: PL/1/3).

Publications • •

•

Bakowski, P., Archiwum Stanisawa Augusta (Warsaw, 1958). Jankowska, J., “Akta okresu reform”, in: J. Karwasiska (ed.), Archiwum Gówne Akt Dawnych w Warszawie. Przewodnik po zespoach, Vol. I, Archiwa dawnej Rzeczypospolitej (Warsaw, 1975), pp. 336–337. Kulecki, M., “Zbiór Popielów”, in: T. Zieliska (ed.), Archiwum Gówne Akt Dawnych w Warszawie. Informator o zasobie (Warsaw, 1992), pp. 45–46.

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Radziwill Family Record group Radziwill Family Radziwiów Reference code Period Extent

: PL/1/354 : 1190–1947 : 41031 items, 250.9 metres

Abstract These archives, deriving from various Radziwill family members, include political, trade and private correspondence, diaries, and military and family estates records. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1650–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden : Latin, Low German, Polish

Two sections in this record group are relevant. Section 5: LETTERS This section consists of letters sent by the town councils of Gdansk, Elblag, Kaliningrad (Königsberg) and Riga, as well as by merchants from these towns and the organisers of the oating trade, among others the Radziwill, Kiszko, Poubinski and Sobieski families. The materials also concern longdistance among other regions with the Netherlands. Section 20: RECORDS CONCERNING TRADE This section includes records regarding the oating trade on the Vistula, Niemen and Dziwna Rivers, mainly referring to Gdansk and Königsberg (Kaliningrad). There are also receipts, agreements, records of skippers, and papers of other companies that organised the trade in commodities from the Radziwill family estates, as well as records regarding the purchase of the goods imported for this family in various ports.

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Accessibility Various inventories, with volumes dealing with sections 5 and 20. Record creator / provenance The Radziwill family was one of the most powerful and important families among the high nobility of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from the mid-fteenth century to the partitions of Poland. Until the mid-twentieth century, this family had a very high social position. Members of the family were appointed to the most important ofces in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and they had a substantial impact on the history of this state. In addition, they were related (or became related through marriages) to other powerful families among the high nobility in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (for example, the Kiszko, Poubinski, Sobieski, Wismiowiecki and Zamoyski families). Moreover, they were related to some royal families, such as the Hohenzollern family. Custodial history The records were initially kept in the castle at Nieswiez (Niasviž Castle). The Radziwill family branch from Niasviž (Nieswiez) was able to obtain part of the records owned by the other branches of the family, especially the wealthiest ones, at Birzai (Birze) and Dubinka. They acquired part of the records from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In the 1920s, the materials were taken to the tenement owned by the Radziwill family in Warsaw and made accessible for scientic purposes. The records were evacuated in 1944 and later returned to Poland. Since 1945 they have been kept at the Central Archives of Historical Records. Publications •

Informator o zasobie (Warsaw, 1992).

Ros Estate Archives Record group Ros Estate Archives Archiwum Roskie Reference code : PL/1/336 Period : 1372, 1406, 1437, 1480–1911 Extent : 7505 items, 52 metres

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Abstract These archives derive from the respective owners of the Ros estate, located (before the partitions of Poland) in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Wokowsk county, Nowogrod Voivodship. At one time or another, the estate was the property of the Chodkiewicz, Sapieha, Branicki and Potocki families. The archives contain various records concerning members of these families and the estate itself. In addition, the materials include correspondence, personal and family papers, public records, military records and commercial documents. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1550–1800 : Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden : Low German, Polish

Relevant materials are to be found in the section of economic papers. These records include many papers regarding the oating trade in the Vistula, Niemien, and Dziwna Rivers to Gdansk, Königsberg (Kaliningrad) and Riga, and papers related to the purchase of goods imported for the owners of the Ros estate and their serfs in these towns, dating from 1550–1800. Accessibility Inventory (under preparation). Record creator / provenance The Chodkiewicz, Sapieha, Branicki and Potocki families belonged to the most important and powerful families among the high nobility in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. As the archives were kept and arranged at the Ros estate itself (which was inherited as a whole and nally entailed), they contain many personal and public documents related to the activities of the owners of the estate. Custodial history The materials were kept in the palace at the Ros estate until 1915, when they were evacuated to Russia. Later, they were returned to Poland in accordance with the provisions of the Treaty of Riga. Until 1945, the records were preserved in the Wilanow palace, whereafter they were stored at the Central Archives of Historical Records.

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Publications •

Informator o zasobie (Warsaw, 1992).

Warsaw Crown Archives Record group Warsaw Crown Archives Archiwum Koronne Warszawskie Reference code : PL/1/3 Period : 1455–1796 Extent : 5007 items, 15 metres Abstract This record group consists of diplomatic and political archives of Poland from the time when the Polish kings had changed their permanent residence from Cracow to Warsaw. It constitutes the sequel to the Cracow Crown Archives. The collection contains documents of national importance on diplomatic foreign relations, although the most important papers were sent to Cracow. It includes numerous items from the period of King Stanislaw August Poniatowski’s rule (1764–1795). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1648–1793 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : French, Latin, Polish

The collection includes diplomatic correspondence concerning Denmark and Sweden, the Netherlands and the Hanseatic towns. This is to be found in three sections: THE SWEDISH •

Box 11a, no. 46: Letter of Frederick III of Denmark to Jan II Kazimierz of Poland announcing anti-Swedish activities by the Dutch and Danish navies on the Baltic Sea, 1656.

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THE DUTCH •

Box 39, nos. 1–12; box 40B, nos. 1–23; box 40 C, nos. 1–9, 11, 12: Correspondence of Augustyn Middleton and Michal Oginski, diplomatic representatives of Poland in the Netherlands, as well as of Karol de Griesheim, Dutch chargé d’affaires at the Polish court, to King Stanislaw August Poniatowski and the Polish public ofces dealing with foreign affairs, such as the Permanent Council, the Department of Foreign Interests, and the Four-Year Sejm Commission, mainly concerning diplomatic relations, problems, and trading contacts with the Netherlands.

THE HANSEATIC •

Box 41, nos. 20–25: Letters connected mainly to the diplomatic mission of H. Wickede to Hamburg, Bremen and Lübeck.

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance The collection was created by the Crown chancellery, the chancelleries of foreign rulers with whom Poland maintained diplomatic relations, Polish diplomatic envoys abroad and foreign diplomatic envoys in Poland. Custodial history This collection was orginally housed in Warsaw, until it was taken to Russia after the third partition of Poland. There, it was included into the collection of the “Archives of the Kingdom of Poland”. In accordance with the Treaty of Riga, Poland regained the items and transferred them the Central Archives of Historical Records. Copies Digital photos of the collection are available. Related materials • • • •

Collection of Parchments (reference code: PL/1/1). Collection of Paper Documents (reference code: PL/1/2). Crown Register (reference code: PL/1/4). Wickede Papers (reference code: PL/1/16).

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Publications •

• •

Wajs, H., “Archiwum Koronne Warszawskie”, in: T. Zieliska (ed.), Archiwum Gówne Akt Dawnych w Warszawie. Informator o zasobie (Warsaw, 1992), pp. 31–32. Wójcik, Z., “Uwagi archiwisty o Archiwum Koronnym Warszawskim”, in: Archeion, 22 (1954), pp. 88–102. Wójcik, Z., “Archiwum Koronne Warszawskie”, in: J. Karwasiska (ed.), Archiwum Gówne Akt Dawnych w Warszawie. Przewodnik po zespoach, Vol. I, Archiwa dawnej Rzeczypospolitej (Warsaw, 1975), pp. 41–47.

Wickede Papers Record group Wickede Papers Papiery Wickedégo Reference code : PL/1/16 Period : 1767–1786 Extent : 48 items, 0.3 metres Abstract This archival collection originates from Henryk Wolff de Wickede, resident of the Polish King Stanislaw August Poniatowski in Lower Saxony. Mr. Wolff stayed in Hamburg from 1768 to 1786. His correspondence (mainly with the Diplomatic Cabinet of the King) contains information on political and military events taking place in European countries at that time, letters addressed to Wickede, and papers regarding his personal life. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1768–1774 : Denmark, Germany, Lithuania, Poland, the Netherlands, various countries : French, Low German

Generally speaking, all of the material is of some relevance, but the following items deserve particular attention, as they deal with commercial and nancial matters in addition to their diplomatic contents:

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3: Letters from Jakub Becu from Amsterdam and London, 1773– 1774. 9: Letters from d’Hop, representative of the Netherlands in Hamburg from 1770 onward. 10: Letters from Aleks Hussarzewski, commissioner of Stanislaw August Poniatowski in the town of Gdansk, 1768–1773.

Accessibility Inventory. Custodial history The materials were part of the archival legacy left by King Slanislaw August Poniatowski in Warsaw. They were inherited rst by Prince Jozef Poniatowski, subsequently by Maria Teresa Tyszkiewicz, and nally by members of the Potocki family. During the war, the records were taken from Warsaw to Jablonna, when they were returned to Warsaw in 1941. After 1945, the materials were stored at the Central Archives of Historical Records. Related materials • •

Warsaw Crown Archives (PL/1/3). Popiel Family Collection (PL/1/12).

Publications •

• •

Józefowicz, M., “Papiery H.W. Wickedégo”, in: Archiwum Gówne Akt Dawnych w Warszawie. Przewodnik po zespoach. I. Archiwa dawnej Rzeczypospolitej, ed. J. Karwasiska (Warsaw, 1975). Namysowski, W., Rezydenci polscy w Hamburgu (Warsaw, 1931). Woniakowa, M., “Papiery rezydenta H.W. Wickedégo”, in: Archiwum Gówne Akt Dawnych w Warszawie. Informator o zasobie, ed. T. Zieliska (Warsaw, 1992).

Zamoyski Family Archives Record group Zamoyski Family Archives Archiwum Zamoyskich

1856 Reference code Period Extent

poland : PL/1/358 : 1155–1938 : 3166 items, 36 metres

Abstract These archives consist of the papers of the Zamoyski family. They contain ofcial, business and private correspondence of various family members, as well as diaries, and records regarding military matters and the family estates. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1600–1800 : Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Netherlands : Low German, Polish

Relevant are some items of correspondence and accounting papers concerning river trade, mainly on the Vistula River to the town and harbour of Gdansk (Danzig). Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance Jan Zamoyski (1542–1605), Chancellor and Greater Crown Hetman of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, was responsible for the powerful position of this family. His most outstanding successes were achieved in the reign of King Stefan Batory. He turned his lands around the town of Zamosc into entailed estates, which survived (with a change of seat) until 1944. The Zamoyski family was one of the most wealthy and distinguished Polish families in the early modern and modern periods. In the nineteenth century some lines of the family became separated, but the most important line remained the one possessing the entailed estate of Zwierzyniec, known as the town of Zamosc after nationalisation. Custodial history Until 1944 the collection was housed in the library of the Blue Palace, part of the Zamoyski family estate in Warsaw. The records were, along with items from the library collection, accessible for scholarly purposes. As a result of the air raids in 1939 (although the palace was marked by the Red

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Cross) and a re in 1944, which was started by the German army, the library suffered severe losses. After 1945 the collection was divided between the National Library in Warsaw and the Central Archives of Historical Records. This division was not consistently conducted, but in general the archival records were given to the archival repository, whereas the manuscripts were taken to the National Library. Copies Scans, digital photos and microlms are available of these archives. Publications •

Informator o zasobie (Archiwum Gówne Akt Dawnych w Warszawie) (Warsaw, 1992).

NATIONAL LIBRARY Biblioteka Narodowa Warsaw www.bn.org.pl

Cartographic Collection Record group Cartographic Collection Zbiór Kartograczny Reference code : not applicable Period : 1522–2006 Extent : 840 atlases, 105,992 maps

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Abstract This rich cartographic collection contains atlasses, maps and plans acquired by the library since 1932. The most valuable part of the collection consists of the atlases. The oldest atlas and maps date from the sixteenth century. The maps and plans especially cover the Polish territories, but also refer to many other regions of the world. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1522–1801 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, French, High German, Latin, Low German

The collection includes many maps and plans (partly included in atlases) of the Baltic and North Sea regions: ATLASES •

• •

0.5, 0.6, 0.29, 0.39, 0.128, 0.136, 0.137, 0.150, 0.169, 0.212, 0.214, 0.239, 0.267, 0.274, 0.303, 0.333, 0.419, 0.471, 0.476, 0.479; 0.482, 0.543, 0.548, 0.646, 0.658, 0.663, 0.666, 0.704, 0.773, 0.779; 0.796, 0.810, 0.862, 0.915, 0.927–0.930, 0.1103, 0.1141, 0.1688, 0.1821, 0.1826, 0.1854, 0.1873, 0.1871, 0.1875–0.1877, 0.1911, 0.2054, 0.2058, 0.2059, 0.2276, 0.2288, 0.2324, 0.2445, 0.2480, 0.2544, 0.2546, 0.2552, 0.2905, 0.2906, 0.2948, 0.3001, 0.3711: World atlases containing maps of the Baltic Sea, the coast of Prussia, Poland, Lithuania, Courland, Western Pomerania, Germany, Mecklenburg, the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Russia, Finland, Friesland and Flanders, by C. Ptolemaeus, G. Mercator, J. Jansson, J. Blaeu, J. Hondius, A. Ortelius, P. Bertius, M. Quad, Ph. Cluver, N. Sanson, J. Homan, G. Bodenehr, N. Chamereau, F. de Witt, G. Seutter, G. Le Rouge, G. de Vaugondy, T. Lobeck, T. Lotter, R. Bonne, I. Albrecht and R. Kilian, 1522–1796. 0.84, 0.215: Maps of the bay of Gdansk (Danzig), by H. van Loon, 1693 and 1773. 0.84, 0.215, 9372, 9373, 18595, 18618, 23924, 28823: Maps of the Baltic Sea and the coast of Poland, Lithuania, Western Pomerania, Germany, Denmark, Russia, Scandinavia, Prussia, Courland and Estonia down to Klaipeda (Memel), by L. Jansson, F. Wit, P. Goos, H. Moll, R. Dudley and H. van Loon, 1583–1801.

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0.301, 0.542, 0.759, 0.2142: Maritime atlases of the world containing maps of the Baltic Sea, the coast of Prussia, Poland, Lithuania, Courland, Western Pomerania, Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Russia, Finland and Friesland including the harbour of Groningen, by F. de Witt and I. Brouckner, 1715–1764. 0.302: Plans of the towns and harbours of Gdansk and Szczecin, and map of the bay of Gdansk and a blockade by Swedish war ships, 1655–1660. 0.302, 0.3000: Plans of the towns and harbours of Elblag, Königsberg (Kaliningrad) and Pillau (Baltijsk), 1655–1660. 0.668: Map of the Gulf of Finland, including the fortresses at Viipuri (Vyborg) and Helsinki (Helsingfors), 1741–1743. 0.2645: Maps of Western Pomerania, including the Baltic coast and Mecklenburg, and of Royal Prussia and the Baltic coast, 1700–1721.

MAPS •

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1205, 1206–1209, 12185, 12186: Maps of the bay of Puck, the harbour of Puck, the entrance to Gdansk harbour and Hel Peninsula, by F. Getkant, 1634 and 1637–1638. 3453: Maps of the Danish Straits and the Kattegat, by J. Akeleye, 1771. 3572, 1190, 1188, 14357, 1192: Plans of the town of Gdansk (Danzig), 1687–1783. 3616: Hydrographical map of the Gulf of Finland, by A. Akerman, 1768. 4730: Plan of the fortications of the town of Puck, 1655. 4731: Plan of the town and harbour of Elblag, 1626. 4952–4955, 4957–4958: Maps of the entrance to Gdansk harbour and the Wisloujscie fortress, 1624–1697 and 1730. 14741: Plan of the town of Szczecin, 1590.

Accessibility Card index of the atlases and maps. Custodial history The Cartographic Department was created by the National Library in 1932. Until April 1939, the department had already gathered the richest collection of cartographic items in Poland, including 11,198 maps, 890 atlases and 6 globes, many of which were unique. During World War II

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this collection was nearly entirely destroyed. Only 539 cartographic items were preserved and these documents became the beginning of the new collection. The National Library already managed to equal the pre-war number of items gathered in this collection in 1954. Since April 2001 the cartographic collection is preserved at the new premises of the Library on Aleje Niepodleglosci Street. Visually attractive The collection includes printed maps and many colourful prints. Copies Scans, digital photos and microlms of the collection are available. Publications • •

• • • • • • •

Krassowski, Bogusaw, Polska na mapach wydawców norymberskich i augsburskich z XVIII wieku (Warsaw, 1985). Kublin, Lucyna, Barbara Majewska and Magorzata Tomaszewska, Mapy ziem polskich kartografów niderlandzkich XVI i XVII w. (Warsaw, 1987). Kublin, Lucyna, “Regni Poloniae . . .” Jakuba Kantera z 1770 r. (Warsaw, 1980). Madej, Jadwiga, “Polonia . . . 1770” Karola de Perthésa na tle osiemnastowiecznej kartograi polskiej i krajów ociennych (Warsaw, 1987). Peliwo, Stanisaw, Drzeworytowe mapy ziem polskich w wydawnictwach ksi kowych XVI w. (Warsaw, 1991). Szaniawska, Lucyna, Sarmacja na mapach Ptolemeusza w edycjach jego “Geograi” (Warsaw, 1993). Szeliga, Jan, Mapy ziem I Rzeczpospolitej w atlasach Biblioteki PAN w Gdasku (Warsaw, 1993). Szeliga, Jan, Rkopimienne mapy Prus Ksi cych Józefa NaronowiczaNaroskiego z II poowy XVII wieku (Warsaw, 1997). Szeliga, Jan, Dziaalno kartograczna Samuela i Jana Wadysawa Suchodolców w Prusach w XVII i XVIII wieku (Warsaw, 2004).

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Manuscript Collection Record group Manuscript Collection Zbiory rkopimienne Reference code : not applicable Period : Middle Ages-up to the present Extent : 19386 items Abstract The manuscript collection of the Polish National Library consists of materials dating from the Middle Ages up to the present, covering a wide range of subjects. The holdings include various collections from private libraries, such as those from the Baworowski family of Lviv and the Zamoyski family of Warsaw, the latter of which contains papers regarding the history of Polish diplomacy between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1450–1770 : Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden : High German, Latin, Low German

Relevant with regard to trade, shipping and diplomatic relations, especially of the Prussian and Polish towns, are the following items: Manuscripts not published in the catalogues • • • • • •

Akc. 2051: Statutes of the Teutonic Order, 1606. Akc. 2142: Collection of police records and other papers regarding the town of Königsberg (Kaliningrad), eighteenth century. Akc. 2144: Town laws of Elblag and Torun, eighteenth century. Akc. 3620, 3811, 3896: Treatise on the history and law of Livonia, by Friderico Conrado Gadebusch of Dorpat (Tartu), 1756–1770. Akc. 4183: Description of a journey from Germany through Latvia, Russia, Crimea, to the Persian shah and to Isfahan, 1636–1639. Akc. 6115: Chronicle of the history of St. Mary’s Church in Gdansk by E. Bötticher, 1640, with a 1660 supplement.

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Akc. 6189 (catalogue 3151–3165): Gdansk municipal law, statutes of the trading post (kontor) of the Hanseatic League in London, and privileges of the town of Gdansk, 1126–1587. Akc. 6246: Treatise regarding the trade of Gdansk, by Johann E. van der Linde, eighteenth century. Akc. 7235, 10050, 10634: Transcription of the privileges granted by the Polish kings to various towns, such as Gdansk, and the Prussian lands in the Kingdom of Poland, 1521, 1539 and 1660–1715. Akc. 9874: Treatise regarding Gdansk public law, by Johann Kostners, 1660. Akc. 11247: Edicts of the dukes of Courland, 1633–1698. Akc. 12719: Correspondence to the privateers in Gdansk, 1570. Akc. 12717, 12718: Documents regarding the inspection of the Puck fortress, including expenses, 1666.

Manuscripts published in the catalogues •

• •

•

• •

•

• • •

847: Diaries of journeys made by Duke Aleksander Janusz Zaslawski from Gdansk through Swedish Pomerania, Germany, the Netherlands, Flanders to Paris, by Kazimierz J. Woysznarowicz, 1667–1669. 3134–3136, 3147, 3176, 3177: Chronicles of Gdansk and Prussia, 1410–1717. 3138, 3139: Cartulary of the tribute of the Teutonic Knights to the king of Poland, and statutes and privileges for the duchy of Prussia, 1410–1582. 3141: Description of the world, includes sections on Denmark, Holstein, Sweden, Moscow, Estonia, Courland and the duchy of Prussia, 1616–1619. 3142: Documents regarding the truce of Altmark during the PolishSwedish War. 3145–3136: Transcription of correspondence and reports regarding the political history of Western Pomerania and the town of Szczecin, 1534–1677. 3151–3165: Gdansk municipal law, statutes of the trading post of the Hanseatic League in London and privileges of the town of Gdansk, 1226–1600. 3168: Accounts of the town of Gdansk, 1521–1522. 3172: Chronicle of St. Mary’s Church in Gdansk, by E. Bötticher, 1640, supplemented in 1660. 3173–3175: Chronicle and history of Gdansk, by Reinhold Curricke, 1645.

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3183: Chronicles and collections of privileges of the town of Elblag, 1227–1661.

Accessibility Printed catalogues include the following: Bogumia Stanisaw Kup cia (ed.), Rkopisy 6001–6600, Vol. 6, Utwory i spucizny literackie, pamitniki i inne materiay ródowe historyczne od poowy XVIII do poowy XX w. (Warsaw, 1963). • Krystyna Muszyska (ed.), Rkopisy 6601–7000, Vol. 7, Zbiory Morstinów, Radziwiów, Potockich i inne rkopisy XVI–XVIII w. (Warsaw, 1969). • Zoa Krajewska (ed.), Rkopisy 9801–10200, Vol. 13, Rkopisy z koca XVIII-poowy XX wieku. (Warsaw, 1997). • Bogumi Stanisaw Kup  and Krystyna Muszyska (eds.), Rewindykaty, Vol. 2, Sygn. 3006–3300. Rkopisy z Biblioteki Zauskich i innych zbiorów polskich, zwrócone z Leningradu w latach 1923–1934 (Warsaw, 1980). • Barbara Smoleska (ed.), Zbiory Biblioteki Ordynacji Zamojskiej, Vol. 2, Rkopisy od XVI do XIX wieku, (Warsaw, 1991).

•

Databases are accessible in the manuscripts department. A chronological card catalogue is available for the manuscripts that do not have reference numbers. Custodial history The National Library acquired the most valuable and extensive collections during the rst years of its existence from 1928. The rst collections were those of the old Polish libraries of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, which during the partitions of Poland had been conscated by the tsarist government and taken out of the country to St. Petersburg, but in 1921 were returned in accordance with the Treaty of Riga. Other acquisitions were donations from private persons. Among the most precious were the collections of the library of the Zauski family and that of the Polish Museum in Rapperswil, which in 1927 (when transferred to Poland) contained about 65000 books and newspapers and about 4000 manuscripts, over 2500 other handwritten items, nearly 10000 etchings, and many photographs, maps, atlases and music scores. After World War I the National Library received various book collections, such as those of the Wilanów library of the Potocki family, of Jozef Ignacy Kraszewski, which included 300 manuscripts and autographs of a

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biographical character, and the archives of the Zamoisky family, which was composed of commercial records and diplomatic and private correspondence. According to a report of 1938–1939, the department of old manuscripts included about 14500 items, whereas the department of modern manuscripts contained about 9251 items. The National Library also collected theater and music manuscripts, and 10678 music manuscripts and scores were in the holdings of the National Library at that time. In the last days before the outbreak of World War II, two boxes with the most precious manuscripts (22 items) were secured in the Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego in Warsaw, and then added to the transport of art monuments organised from Wawel castle in Cracow through Romania to France, and later to Canada. During the siege of Warsaw in September 1939, about 800 manuscripts were destroyed in res and during air raids. The German authorities moved the manuscripts collection as a separate Department of Special Collections (Staatsbibliothek Warschau Abteilung III Sondersammlungen) to the Krasiski Family Library. The manuscripts that remained there were destroyed in October 1944 when the Germans set re to the city. After World War II the very small part of the National Library manuscripts collection that was taken away by the occupants was returned. The biggest shipments of manuscripts arrived from Fischhorn (Austria) in 1946 and from Moscow in 1947 and 1958 concerning sections taken by the Red Army from Germany. In 1959 the Canadian government returned the manuscripts that had been deposited in the bank in Montreal along with the Wawel castle treasures. Eventually, only 2000 items from the pre-war collection were returned. After 1945, the National Library acquired the manuscripts collections that had been abandoned by previous owners, such as those of the cathedral in Kamianets-Podilskyi, St. Mary’s Church in Stargard Szczecinski, the Schaffgotsch Family Library in Cieplice, the library of the Evangelical Church in Wschowa, the Potocki Family Library in Lancut, the Radziwill Family Library in Nieswiez, the Baworowski Family Library in Lviv, the University Library in Lviv and the library of the seminary in Wloclawek. Also deposited were the collections of the Zamoisky family estate and the library of the Greek-Catholic Chapter at Przemysl after its liquidation in 1946. Further acquisitions were purchased or donated. Copies Scans, digital photos and microlms of the collection are available.

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Related materials • • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference number: PL/10/300). Elblag Town Records (reference number: PL/10/369,1). Elblag Town Manuscripts Collection (reference number: PL/10/492).

Publications •

•

• • • • • •

Bakowski, P., Rkopisy rewindykowane przez Polsk z ZSRR na podstawie traktatu ryskiego i ich dotychczasowe opracowania (Warsaw, 1937). Bakowski, P., “Straty Biblioteki Narodowej w zakresie rkopi miennych róde historycznych”, in: Straty archiwów i bibliotek warszawskich w zakresie rkopimiennych róde historycznych, Vol. 3 (Warsaw, 1955). Bakowski, P., “Zwrot przez rz d Kanady zabytków kulturalnych”, in: Archeion, 31 (1959). Biblioteka Narodowa w latach 1945–1956 (Warsaw, 1958). Horodyski, B., “Zarys dziejów Biblioteki Ordynacji Zamojskiej”, in: Studia nad ksi k powicone pamici K. Piekarskiego (Warsaw, 1951). Kamolowa, Danuta, Zbiory rkopisów w bibliotekach i muzeach w Polsce (Warsaw, 1988). Muszyska, K., “Rkopisy redniowieczne w zbiorach Biblioteki Narodowej”, in: Biuletyn Informacyjny Biblioteki Narodowej, 2 (1966). Muszyska. K., Zbiory rkopimienne. W: Ksiga jubileuszowa Biblioteki Narodowej (Warsaw, 1984).

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WARSAW UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Biblioteka Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego Warsaw www.buw.uw.edu.pl

Cabinet of Cartographic Records Record group Cabinet of Cartographic Records Gabinet Zbiorów Kartogracznych Reference code : not applicable Period : 1500–2006 Extent : c. 10000 items Abstract The cabinet of cartographic records of the Warsaw University Library includes a wide range of globes, maps, plans and atlases covering the period from the sixteenth to the twenty-rst centuries. They are mainly connected to the historical and present Polish territories, but many atlases and maps of Europe and the world are included too. The collection contains handwritten and printed maps, for example by famous cartographers like Waclaw Grodecki, Abraham Ortelius, Gerardus Mercator, John Speed, Johann Bapista, Homann, Matthäus Seutter and Franz Ludwig Güssefeld, and a large group of cartographic items related to various wars, such as the Dutch Revolt against Spain, the Napoleonic wars and the Russo-Turkish wars, as well as plans of the main European fortresses. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1584–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : French, Latin, Low German, Polish, Russian

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Relevant are the maps of Europe covering the Baltic Sea coasts, the countries surrounding the Baltic Sea and the Dutch coast, as well as plans of the ports of Antwerp, Groningen, Hamburg, Klaipeda, Szczecin, Wismar and St. Petersburg (all numbers start with M/): •

•

• •

• •

• • • • • • • •

• • • •

68, 69, 71–75 84, 86, 87, 92, 93, 95, 98, 108, 109, 120, 122, 151, 152, 156, 230, 262, 303, 304, 406, 420, 425, 426, 1689, 6428: Atlases of the world containing maps of the Baltic Sea, the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Germany, Poland, Prussia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Russia, by Ptolemy, A. Ortelius, G. Mercator, G. Blaeu, J. Jasson, J. Ram, J. Homann, L. Euler, G. le Rouge and T. Lotter, 1513–1790. 84, 141, 214, 410, 426, 1689, 2458, 6292: Atlases of Europe containing maps of the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Germany, Poland, Prussia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Russia, by L. Desnos, H. Jomini, E. Mentelle, D. Stolzman, 1690–1800. 86: Plan of Szczecin and its fortications 1731. 129: Sea atlas of the world containing maps of the Baltic Sea, the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Germany, Poland, Prusia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Russia, by H. Doncker, 1663. 420, 2134, 2135: Maps of Germany and Mecklenburg, 1714, 1750 and 1770. 512, 1811, 2002, 2106, 2107, 2942, 5397, 7592, 13140: Maps of Royal Prussia and the duchy of Prussia, by G. Henneberger, G. Rizzi-Zannoni, G. Schrotter, J. Endersch, L. Chodzko and P. Schenk, 1584–1796. 1003, 1142, 1333, 1334: Plans of St. Petersburg, 1705–1706, 1710, 1738. 1069: Plan of Klaipeda and its fortications, 1757. 1071: Map of the island of Usedom, 1757. 1169: Plan of Hamburg, 1750. 1243: Plan of the harbour and fortications of Pillau (Baltijsk), 1757. 1328: Map of Livonia, 1640. 1377: Map of the Neva River delta near St. Petersburg, 1800. 1764, 1771, 2065, 2066, 2103, 2114, 2942, 5107, 5365, 7525, 7528, 7602, 12870, 13001, 13022: Maps of Poland, Lithuania and Prussia, 1676–1799. 2054, 2056, 2058, 2455, 4127: Maps of Flanders, the Netherlands and the North Sea coast, 1641, 1747–1750 and 1788. 2104, 2136: Maps of Lithuania, 1750 and 1775. 2116, 2132, 2135: Maps of Western Pomerania, by A. Meyer, M. Seutter and F. Gussefeld, 1763, 1770 and 1792. 2129, 6327: Maps of Russia and the Baltic Sea coast, by J. Homann, 1750 and 1790.

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2132: Map of the island of Rügen, 1763. 2133: Map of Courland, 1747. 2153: Map of Denmark, 1799. 2942: Map of the mouth of the Vistula River and the areas around Gdansk, by J. Endersch, 1753. 4084: Plan of Ostend and its fortications, 1629. 4089: Plan of Groningen, 1627. 4122: Plan of Antwerp, 1629. 5399: Map of the Baltic Sea and the coast of the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Germany, Poland, Prussia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Russia, by R. Seale, 1741–1751. 8400: Plan of Wismar and its fortications, 1740.

Accessibility Alphabetical card catalogues of the atlases, wall maps, loose and concise maps, and plans are available in the reading room. Custodial history The collection was created at the founding of the library in 1816. The basis of the collection constituted the holdings of liquidated monasteries and order schools (the nest collection came from the library of the Jesuit College in Kalisz). Subsequently, maps and atlases from discontinued public ofces, such as the Council of State of the Kingdom of Poland (Rada Stanu Królestwa Polskiego) and the Education Council (Rada Wychowania), were added to the collection. Among the items acquired during the period between the two World Wars was the collection of the Warsaw Society of Friends of Science, which became part of the University Library holdings in 1923, and the priceless map collection of Jan Henryk Dabrowski. During World War II about 1500 maps from the collection were lost during a re at the Krasinski Family Library, where the collection was kept. In 1949 the new separate Unit of Cartography in the University Library began its work, being called Department of Cartographic Collection from 1956 and Cabinet of the Cartographic Records since 1996. Two main collections have been added since World War II: the collection of the town of Lancut (previously owned by Alfred Potocki) and that of the town of Nieswiez, which had been part of the Radziwill Family Library in Nieswiez. In addition, the collection has been growing thanks to donations and the so-called “secured collections”, which were taken over from the area of western Poland after 1945.

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Visually attractive The collection includes coloured printed maps. Copies Scans, digital photos and microlms of the collection are available. Publications • • •

Gabinet Zbiorów Kartogracznych Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Warszawie (Warsaw, 2006). Kret, M., “Zbiory kartograczne Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Warszawie”, in: Polski Przegld Kartograczny, 29–2 (1997). Kret, M., “Zbiory kartograczne Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Warszawie”, in: A. M yski (ed.), Biblioteka Uniwersytecka w Warszawie w latach 1945–1980 (Warsaw, 1998).

Manuscripts Department Record group Manuscripts Department Gabinet Rkopisów Reference code : not applicable Period : 900–2005 Extent : 6500 items Abstract The manuscripts department of the Warsaw University Library contains medieval codices from the ninth to fteenth centuries, records of congregations of Capuchins, Augustinians, Carmelites and Canon Regulars, miscellanea from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries regarding the gentry, and various records from the twelfth to nineteenth centuries, which include charters issued by the Mazovian dukes, records of noble families and collections of diplomatic records concerning the town of Gdansk. A separate section consists of the records of the Evangelical Reformed Church containing items from the sixteenth to twentieth centuries. These concern, among other things, Reformation history and the history of the dissident movement in Poland.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1572–1797 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, various countries : High German, Latin, Low German, Polish

Relevant with regard to diplomatic relations and trade are the following items: Mentioned in printed catalogues •

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•

44: Liber Legationum of the period of the interregnum after King Sigismund II Augustus, 1572–1573, including foreign correspondence of the royal senators and records of diplomatic missions, correspondence with the duke of Courland, Gottard Kettler, and instructions to the envoys travelling to Courland, 1573, correspondence with the duke of Prussia, Albrecht Frederick Hohenzollern, 1573, correspondence between John III of Sweden and Catherine Jagellonica of Poland, 1572–1573, correspondence with the towns of Gdansk and Elblag concerning taxes, 1572–1573, and correspondence of the regional administration in Lithuania concerning the defence against Russia, 1573. 46: Documents and a report regarding a diplomatic mission to Sweden, 1593, and historical and political miscellanea, 1589–1595. 51: Liber Legationum, including foreign correspondence of the royal senators, records of diplomatic missions, correspondence of King Sigismunt III Waza with Prussian electors and ducal Prussian estates, letters regarding the Prussian ef to Christian IV of Denmark, correspondence and records concerning the war of Livonia against Sweden, 1605–1609, correspondence of Sigismund III with Riga and Gdansk regarding the defence against Sweden, diplomatic missions, and the exchange of prisoners of war with Sweden, 1608, instructions for the envoys to Riga, and documents concerning the taxes imposed on the Prussian towns, 1605–1608. 56: Copies of letters regarding diplomatic relations between Poland and Turkey, the Tatars and Sweden, correspondence and instructions to envoys regarding negotiations with Sweden, 1622–1632, reports on the situation in Gdansk in 1635–1637, and documents concerning war taxes, 1508–1637. 57: Copies of correspondence of 1622–1626, and documents regarding a project to reform the Polish monetary system, 1622.

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58: Correspondence to the Sapiecha family, 1624–1627, and correspondence from Courland and Sweden concerning the Polish-Swedish war. Copies of the correspondence of the Lubomirski family, 1600–1790, and a report regarding the situation in Livonia during the Great Northern War, 1718. 87: Correspondence from the period of succession disputes in Poland, documents regarding diplomatic relations between Poland and Sweden, letters and intelligence reports from Poland and abroad, speeches of envoys, and instructions, 1712–1713. 90: Diary of the Courland Commission, by Krzysztof Fryderyk Manfeuffel-Kielpinski, abbot Sieciechowski and the secretary of the Commission, 1728. 91: Collection of legal records, privileges, royal guarantees for missions and commissions set up at the Polish royal court in connection with Livonia and Courland, 1637–1730. 1322: Chronicle of the St. Mary’s Church in Gdansk, 1342–1666, by E. Bötticher, 1666.

Mentioned in the card catalogue •

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•

Akc. 754: Copies of records regarding Gdansk, Pomerania and Elblag of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries collected by Jan Erdman Klatta, late eighteenth century, documents regarding protests against the decision of the town council of Gdansk, excise duties on imported wine, documents of the Gdansk town council of 1678, and the administration of the Great Mill in Gdansk. Akc. 753: Collection of Gdansk laws, by Johann Ernst van der Linde, eighteenth century. Akc. 763: Account book of the merchant Karl Gottlieb Hacke, 1763. Akc. 803: Excerpt from the original law records for the duchy of Prussia, 1633–1640. Akc. 814: Account book of the French shopping center (selling cloth, stockings and gloves) in Gdansk of 1788–1797, and an inventory of 1797. Akc. 837: Copies of records regarding Gdansk, Pomerania and Elblag of the seventeenth and eighteenth century collected by Jan Erdman Klatta, late eighteenth century, and a collection of bills from the town of Elblag, 1655–1711.

Accessibility Various catalogues:

1872 •

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H. Kozerska and W. Stummer (eds.), Katalog rkopisów Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Warszawie, Vol. 1 (rkopisy nr 1–262) (Warsaw, 1963). H. Kozerska and W. Stummer (eds.), Katalog rkopisów Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Warszawie, Vols. 3–1, 3–2 (Warsaw, 1987). J. Borysiak (ed.), Katalog rkopisów, Vol. 6 (Warsaw, 1994). Ewa Piskurewicz (ed.), Katalog mikrolmów. Rkopisy, Vols. 1–5 (Warsaw, 1986–1998).

Additionally, a handwritten card index of acquisitions in the years 1945– 2000, and personal, geographical and subject indexes are available in the reading room. Record creator / provenance The University Library was created at the foundation of the Royal University of Warsaw in 1816. The collection was mainly of a humanistic character, and theological and historical writing predominated. After the defeat in the November Uprising the library was closed and most of its records taken to St. Petersburg. Only 40000 prints and 303 manuscripts in the Polish language remained. In 1834 the library was renamed Governmental Library. When Warsaw University was re-opened in 1862 (renamed the Main School), the library also restarted its activities as the Main Library. When the Russians left Warsaw in August 1915, the Imperial University of Warsaw was evacuated to Rostov-on-Don. The most valuable items from the library holdings were taken too, such as the incunabula, manuscripts, part of the inventories and the library’s archives. The library was re-opened once again in the autumn of 1915 with the rebirth of Warsaw University. At the outbreak of World War II, the holdings of the University Library consisted of about one million items. In January 1945 works to organise and secure the library were launched. During the rst years after the war, the library focused on regaining its collections and acquiring various abandoned book collections mainly from Germans and the gentry. Custodial history The history of the library’s manuscripts collection started in 1816 when the library was created. The rst collection consisted of the holdings of the library of the Warsaw High School, manuscripts gathered by the library of the Appeal Court in Warsaw and records from Polish monasteries. In the 1830s the collection consisted of about 2000 items, half of which were medieval. As a result of the defeat of the November Uprising (1830–1831) the Uni-

warsaw university library

1873

versity Library suffered great losses. As part of the repressions a signicant part of the manuscripts was conscated and taken to St. Petersburg. In 1915, the collection of the Imperial University of Warsaw (1869–1915), containing 1389 items, was evacuated to Rostov-on-Don. In the 1920s, the Warsaw University Library regained a signicant part of its lost collection. During the Warsaw Rising in October 1944, however, about 4000 manuscripts (about 95 per cent of the Library’s manuscripts collection) were burnt. The manuscripts department was created in 1949 and permanently added to the structure of the library. Currently it contains about 5000 handwritten items and over 1500 PhD theses. Copies Scans, digital photos and microlms of the collection are available. Related materials • • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference number: PL/10/300). Elblag Town Records (reference number: PL/10/369,1). Elblag Town Manuscript Collection (reference number: PL/10/492).

Publications • • • • •

Kamolowa, Danuta, Zbiory rkopisów w bibliotekach i muzeach w Polsce (Warsaw, 1988). Kozerska, H., Straty w zbiorze rkopisów w czasie I i II wojny wiatowej (Warsaw, 1960). Kozerska, H., Warszawska Biblioteka Uniwersytecka w latach 1832–1871 (Warsaw, 1967) Stummer, W., “Oddzia Rkopisów”, in: Biblioteka Uniwersytecka w Warszawie. Przewodnik (Warsaw, 1979). Tyszkowa, M., “Z historii Oddziau Rkopisów”, in: Biblioteka Uniwersytecka w Warszawie w latach 1945–1980 (Warsaw, 1998).

1874

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LIBRARY OF THE OSSOLINSKI NATIONAL INSTITUTE Biblioteka Zakadu Narodowego im. Ossoliskich Wroclaw www.oss.wroc.pl

Cartography Department Record group Cartography Department Gabinet Zbiorów Kartogracznych Reference code : not applicable Period : 1542–2006 Extent : 30800 items Abstract This collection consists of maps, atlases and town plans in manuscript and print. It contains maps and atlases of all regions of the world, but especially of Poland from the seventeenth century to the present day. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1542–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : French, High German, Latin, Low German, Russian

Relevant are world atlases and maps of Europe including the Baltic Sea coast, maps of the countries around the Baltic Sea and maps of the coast of the Netherlands, as well as plans of ports, such as Amsterdam, Szczecin, Gdansk, Elblag and St. Petersburg (all numbers of atlases contain A/ or B/, all maps C/):

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1875

186/B/IV, 190/B/IV, 313/B/I, 367/B/IV, 391/B/IV, 395–397/B/IV, 400–402/ B/IV, 654/B/II, 658/B/III, 1637/B/IV, 1900/B/III, 2270/B/IV, 2353/B/II, 3522/B/II, 3525/B/IV, 3528/B/III, 7989/B/I: Atlases of the world and maps of the Baltic basin and region, including maps of Poland, Prussia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands, by A. Ortelius, G. Camocio, P. Bertia, J. Blaeu, J. Sanson, M. Seutter, J. Homann, L. Eukler and F. Reilly, 1573–1791. 186/B/IV, 309–310/B/IV, 311/B/I, 390/B/IV, 395/B/IV, 400–401/B/IV, 414–415/B/IV, 597/B/IV, 654/B/II, 1231/B/IV, 1833/B/IV, 1900/B/III, 1921/C/III, 1923/C/III, 1924–1928/C/III, 1929/C/I, 1931/C/III, 1932– 1933/C/I, 1934–1936/C/III, 1938/C/III, 1939/C/II, 1940/C/I, 1941/C/II, 1942/C/III, 1943–1944/C/I, 1945/C/II, 1946/C/I, 1948/C/III, 1960/B/II, 2270/B/IV, 2353/B/II, 2882–2883/C/IV, 3158/C/IV, 3166–3167/C/IV, 3892/C/I, 3951/C/III, 7061/C/III, 7058/C/III, 7294/C/III, 7476/B/IV, 8100/C/III: Maps of Poland and Lithuania, 1658–1799. 186/B/IV, 391/B/IV, 484/B/IV, 654/B/IV, 1900/B/III, 2091/B/IV, 3691/ C/III, 3736/C/III: Maps of Western Pomerania, 1630–1791. 249/C/III, 391/B/IV, 402/B/IV, 496/B/IV, 559–560/B/IV, 1232/B/IV, 1900/B/III, 1999/B/II: Maps of Lithuania, 1595–1789. 313/B/I, 367/B/IV, 390–391/B/IV, 395–397/B/IV, 400–402/B/IV, 462/ B/IV, 594/B/IV, 654/B/IV, 952/B/IV, 1228/B/IV, 1900/B/III, 1961/B/II, 1987/B/II, 1993–1994/B/II, 1996/B/II, 2097/B/IV, 2270/B/IV, 3523/B/III, 3525/B/IV, 6470/C/IV: Maps of Royal Prussia and the duchy of Prussia, 1542–1802. 395/B/IV, 411/B/IV, 558/B/IV, 1235/B/IV, 2098/B/IV, 3740–3741/C/III, 3852/C/I: Maps of Russia and the Baltic coast, 1710–1780. 404/B/IV, 466/B/IV, 614/B/I, 931–935/B/IV, 1661–1664/B/IV, 3743/C/I, 7273/C/III: Atlases and maps of Europe, including maps of the Baltic basin and region, and of Poland, Prussia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands, by F. de Witt and N. Visscher, 1651–1810. 413/B/IV, 1245/B/IV: Maps of Finland, 1789–1800. 435/B/IV, 2048/B/IV, 3694/C/III: Maps of Mecklenburg, 1686, 1729 and 1797. 455/B/IV, 2021/B/IV: Maps of the Netherlands, 1702 and 1733. 472/B/IV, 1264/B/IV: Map of Zealand, 1750 and 1785. 482/B/IV: Plan of Gdansk and its municipal fortications, 1784. 487–488/B/IV: Maps of Friesland, 1786–1800. 542/B/IV, 590/B/IV, 3737/C/III, 3750/C/III, 7276/C/III: Maps of Denmark, eighteenth century.

1876 • • • • • • • •

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545/B/IV, 1257/B/IV, 2092/B/IV: Maps of Scandinavia and the Baltic coast, 1700–1750 and 1776. 554/B/IV: Plan of St. Petersburg, 1744. 592/B/IV, 2047/B/IV, 3689/C/III: Maps of the duchy of Holstein and Dithmarschen, 1707 and 1729–1730. 609–611/B/IV: Plan of the entrance to Gdansk harbour, 1724–1772. 1973/B/II, 2776/B/IV: Plan of Szczecin and its municipal fortications, 1590 and 1696. 1976/B/II: Plan of Elblag and its municipal fortications, 1696. 2094/B/IV: Map of Scania, 1686. 2776/B/IV: Plan of Amsterdam and its municipal fortications, 1696.

Accessibility Alphabetical card catalogues of the atlases, wall maps, loose maps and plans are available in the reading room. Custodial history The private collection of Jozef Maksymilian Ossolinski included about 230 maps, which were the gems of the collection of the Ossolinski Institute in 1817. When the collection was transferred from Vienna to Lviv in 1827, it developed rapidly. Up to 1939, the collection was extended through donations and testamentary bequests, such as those of the Lubomirski family composed of 485 atlases and maps, of Stefan Kozma including about 500 items, and of Jan Gwalbert Pawlikowski, composed of 678 maps, mainly of Poland. As a result, the collection encompassed 3075 maps and atlases in 1939. After 1945 the library of the Ossoliski Institute was placed under the authority of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine and was transferred to the new premises of the library in Wrocaw. It is worth to note that only four percent of the pre-war collection was moved from Lviv to Wroclaw. The current collection is therefore mainly a result of acquisition activities of the past several dozen years. The cartographic collection of the library was separated in 1957 when the department of cartographic collection was created. When the political situation changed in 1989, it became possible to ofcially launch efforts to regain the rest of the collection that remains abroad. A new petition for the return of the collection was issued in 1997. Visually attractive The collection includes many colourful printed maps.

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1877

Copies Scans and digital photos of the collection are available. Publications • • •

•

Dworsatschek, M., Imago Silesiae. Z kolekcji Tomasza Niewodniczaskiego (Wroclaw, 2002). Grabaowski, R., Imago mundi. Informator do wystawy kartograi polskiej i obcej od XV do XX w. (Wroclaw, 1972). Rzepa, Z., “Dzia Kartograczny Biblioteki Zakadu Narodowego im. Ossoliskich PAN w latach 1957–1969”, in: Ze skarbca kultury, 21 (1970). Wytyczak, R., “Zbiory kartograczne Biblioteki Zakadu Narodowego im. Ossoliskich we Wrocawiu, cz. 1–2”, in: Polski Przegld Kartograczny, 26–1 (1994).

Manuscripts Collection Record group Manuscripts Collection Zbiory Rkopisów Reference code : Ms Period : 1000–2006 Extent : 87091 items Abstract The manuscripts department of the Ossolinski National Institute contains manuscripts on Polish history and culture, such as liturgical manuscripts, manuscripts regarding public life, political correspondence of the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries, and papers on the independence movement in the eastern part of Poland during World War II. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1454–1770 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : French, Latin, Low German, Polish

1878

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Relevant with regard to trade and shipping from Gdansk, Prussia and Poland, and diplomatic relations are the following items: • • • • • •

• •

3369/II: Studies and materials regarding the duchy of Prussia, including lists of noble families, seventeenth century. 4749/I, 12703/I: Chronicles and notes on the history of Poland and Lithuania, 1700–1770. 6598/II: Extracts from the Gazette de Hollande and other records regarding international relations, 1713–1727, copies, eighteenth century. 12542/II: Balance sheet of the Marienbürgerbank (Fraternity of Malbork) in Arthur’s Court in Gdansk, 1735–1736. Pawl. 131: Cartulary of privileges and statutes of the town of Gdansk, 1454–1584. Pawl. 196: Collection of historic records regarding Poland, Moscow, Turkey, the Holy Roman Empire, the Netherlands and France, 1548– 1576. Pawl. 198: Gdansk town law, seventeenth century. Pawl. 199: Certied copies of privileges and statutes of the town of Gdansk, as well as notes regarding the economic, political and religious affairs of Poland, Gdansk, Prussia and the Hanseatic towns, fteenth and sixteenth centuries.

Accessibility M. Gbarowicz, Katalog rkopisów Biblioteki Gwalberta Pawlikowskiego (Lwow, 1929); Inwentarz rkopisów Biblioteki Zakadu Narodowego im. Ossoliskich we Wrocawiu, Vols. 1–18 (Wroclaw, 1948–2003). W. Ktrzyski, Katalog rkopisów Biblioteki Zakadu Narodowego im. Ossoliskich, Vols. 1–3 (Lwów, 1881–1898). Both publications are also available online at: graf.oss.wroc.pl/rkp/pubi/, and: graf.oss.wroc.pl/rkp/pub/szukaj.php. Custodial history The basis for the manuscripts collection of the Ossoliski National Institute was formed by the private collection of Jozef Maksymilian Ossolinski, the founder of the National Institute. These manuscripts (about 700) were acquired by various members of the Ossolinski family. After the death of Ossolinski, the manuscripts were taken with the holdings of the library from Vienna to Lviv, the new seat of the Ossolinski National Insitute. Between 1827 and 1939 the number of manuscripts constantly grew, mainly due to donations from the society that regarded the Institute as the national book depot.

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1879

The Second World War and the inclusion of the Ossolinski Institute into the Ukrainian and German library structures did not change the character and state of the Institute’s holdings. During the spring of 1944, the most valuable manuscripts were evacuated from Krakow to Lower Silesia by the Institute on the orders of the German authorities. In accordance with the decision of the council of ministers of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic of July 1946, the Ukraine returned about 6630 manuscripts from the Ossolinski collection to Poland. These manuscripts, along with old prints and prints from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, were transferred to the town of Wroclaw, where they became the basis for the library of the Ossolinski National Institute, which had to be started from scrath. In 1947 and 1948 the National Library in Warsaw returned some of the Institute’s records that had been evacuated in the spring of 1944 and were found in Adelin, to the National Institute. Finally, about 73 per cent of the manuscripts included in the former Lviv inventory could be reunited in Wroclaw. Copies Scans and digital photos of the collection are available. Related materials • • • •

Gdansk Town Records [in general] (reference code: PL/10/300). Elblag Town Records (reference code: PL/10/369,1). Records of the Municipal Council of Elblag (reference code: PL/ 10/369,2). Elblag Town Manuscript Collections (reference code: PL/10/492).

Publications • •

Kamolowa, D., Zbiory rkopisów w bibliotekach i muzeach w Polsce (Warsaw, 1988). Pohorecki, F., O redniowiecznych dyplomach Zakadu Narodowego im. Ossoliskich (Lwow, 1935).

RUSSIA

Russia by Kersti Lust and Tatjana Shor CENTRAL STATE HISTORICAL ARCHIVES OF ST. PETERSBURG         .  St. Petersburg spb.rusarchives.ru/cgiaspb/index.shtml

Petersburg Civil Chamber Record group Petersburg Civil Chamber    a   Reference code : 757 Period : 1780–1868 Extent : 1222 items Abstract The record group includes Senate decrees; protocols of court sessions; and case les on inheritance, partition, sale and mortgaging of manors; disputed wills, payment and bills of exhange, and private sale of serfs and the granting of freedom to them. Besides, there are books of wills as well as business, sale and pawn transactions.

1884

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1780–1800 : Russia, various countries : Russian

The materials are described in two inventories, the rst of which is relevant. Inventory 1 Relevant materials include protocols from 1780–1796 (items 18–80), court les from 1780–1800, and books of wills and business transactions from 1780–1797. There are cases on various matters: • •

• •

Compensation for damages (for instance a merchant vs. a skipper, 1788–1802, item 585). Non-payment of bills of exchange, goods, etc. (cases involving (foreign) merchants or skippers include items 110, 117, 118, 142, 144, 410, 415, 421, 641, 649, 676, 683, 738, 875, 912). Inheritance disputes and determination of heirs (items 130, 253, 408). Will conrmations (for example of a Dutch merchant, item 624).

Books of wills and business transactions (sdelochnye zapiski) (items 1065– 1085), containing dozens of entries per year, record inheritance agreements and wills (among other matters concerning shops, unpaid loans, etc.); sale and purchase contracts of houses, enterprises and goods (such as forest products); bills of exchange; work contracts; agreements on employment of other persons to represent the plaintiff (a merchant) in trials on contract disputes; etc. Accessibility 2 inventories (in Russian), with introduction. A brief and partly outdated archival guide is found in           :    [State Historical Archives of Leningrad Oblast. Short guide] (St. Petersburg, 1960); soon to be complemented by a new and comprehensive version.

central state historical archives of st. petersburg

1885

Record creator / provenance The Petersburg Civil Chamber (1775–1868, except 1797–1801) acted as an appeal court for the lower courts in civil matters. It also kept various registries. It consisted of two councillors and two assessors appointed by the Senate and was presided by a chairman. Publications • • •

    [A complete collection of the laws of the Russian empire], Vols. XX–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830).      . - ao [Statehood of Russia. Handbook], Vol. 3 (Moscow, 2001). !    .  "#$ (1703–1861 .) [Outlines of the history of Leningrad], Vol. 1 (Moscow, St. Petersburg, 1955).

Petersburg Guberniya Magistracy Record group Petersburg Guberniya Magistracy     $  Reference code : 1731 Period : 1780–1796 Extent : 24 items Abstract None of the series have been fully preserved (the court les, for example, have been almost completely damaged). The few preserved records include Senate decrees, minutes (zhurnaly), protocols, a few court les, and other documents. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1780–1800 : Russia, various countries : Russian

Items 1–5, 21 make up the series of minutes (zhurnaly) (from 1780–1793, with gaps). Items 6–11 comprise protocols (from 1782–1793). The minutes

1886

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chiey contain abstracts of statements (doklady), some of which relate to the violation of trading rights and rules (like trade in retail goods without registration with the local merchant corporation, prohibition to leave the harbour, etc.); enrollment in merchant corporations; smuggling, etc. Trade-related cases in protocols include: inheritance issues of merchants (determining guardians, heirs, etc.); payment of bills of exchange (involving skippers, merchants and noblemen); theft of goods from the port storehouse (Packhaus); merchant vessels; violation of trading rights and rules; smuggling; shops in the St. Petersburg department store, etc. The protocol books include directories. Accessibility Inventory (in Russian). Record creator / provenance The Guberniya (province) Magistracy was a local court located in the guberniya’s capital between 1775 and 1796. It was subordinated to the guberniya administration and the Civil and Criminal Chambers. Under its jurisdiction came town magistracies, orphan courts and, from 1785, partly town councils (general and six-man councils). The Magistracy had civil and criminal departments. It dealt with cases relating to town privileges and ownership rights in towns. It had appellate jurisdiction in lower courts’ civil and criminal appeals (civil appeals mostly concerned the division of properties and sale and purchase transactions). It also considered complaints against town councils. Copies The protocols and minutes have been microlmed. Publications • •

    [A complete collection of the laws of the Russian empire], Vols. XX–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830).      . - ao [Statehood of Russia. Handbook], Vol. 1 (Moscow, 1996).

central state historical archives of st. petersburg

1887

Petersburg Guberniya Upper Nadvorny Court Record group Petersburg Guberniya Upper Nadvorny Court      Reference code : 1715 Period : 1780–1798 Extent : 756 items Abstract This record group includes orders of the St. Petersburg guberniya (province) administration; protocols; court les relating to reviews of appeals, punishment of runaway serfs, mortgaging of manors, payment of notes payable, etc.; decisions in criminal cases; and registers of sale and mortgage contracts of manors. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1784–1794 : Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, Russia : Russian

The materials are described in two inventories, the rst of which is relevant. Inventory 1 Relevant materials include protocols, dating from 1784–1790 (with gaps) (items 142, 172, 196, 202, 274), and court les relating to the payment of notes payable or payment for goods, and shipping, dating from 1783–1794 (cases involving foreign merchants include items 137, 160, 177, 264, 377, 441, 449, 591). Accessibility 2 inventories (in Russian), with introduction. Record creator / provenance The St. Petersburg Upper Nadvorny Court was established in 1780 as a court in the capital to try civil and criminal cases of ofcials and people

1888

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of various ranks (raznochintsy) having real estate neither in the capital nor in the guberniya. It served as an appeal court for the lower nadvorny court. It consisted of a criminal and civil department, both composed of a chairman and two assessors. Its decisions could be appealed to the Civil or Criminal Chambers. The court was dissolved in 1798. Publications • •

     . - ao [Statehood of Russia. Handbook], Vol. 1 (Moscow, 1996).        XVIII . (  $):    e [State institutions in Russia in the 18th c. (legislative acts): Handbook], ed. A.V. Chernov (Moscow, 1960).

Petersburg Lower Nadvorny Court Record group Petersburg Lower Nadvorny Court      Reference code : 1716 Period : 1780–1823 Extent : 3254 items Abstract The record group contains protocols of court sessions (from 1780–1797), les on the proclamation of sales of immoveables, and materials on the punishment of runaway serfs, accusations of theft, offences, heavy drinking, various abuses, non-payment of bills of exchange, etc. The papers are mostly organised by the inner structure of the court and subsequently arranged chronologically. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1781–1797 : Russia, various countries : Russian

Most relevant materials are described in inventory no 3. Item 9 contains protocols from 1783. Files listed in this inventory primarily relate to the

central state historical archives of st. petersburg

1889

non-payment of bills of exchange, dating from 1780–1796 (with several cases involving merchants). A few les relating to unpaid bills of exchange, invoices, etc., and the reimbursement for goods, are also listed in inventory nos. 5 and 6 (in the latter items 73, 90–92, 155, 162–176). Accessibility 6 inventories (in Russian), with introduction. Record creator / provenance The Petersburg Lower Nadvorny Court was established in 1780 to try civil and criminal cases of ofcials and people of various ranks (raznochintsy) having real estate neither in the capital nor in the guberniya. Initially the court was divided into a criminal and a civil department, but in 1796 it was divided into four departments: criminal, manorial, bills of exchange, and petitions. The court was dissolved in 1798. Publications • •

     . - ao [Statehood of Russia. Handbook], Vol. 3 (Moscow, 2001).        XVIII . (  $):    e [State institutions in Russia in the 18th c. (legislative acts): Handbook], ed. A.V. Chernov (Moscow, 1960).

Petrograd Guberniya Administration Record group Petrograd Guberniya Administration      Reference code : 254 Period : 1762–1918 Extent : 23160 items Abstract The record group contains series of decrees, ordinances and orders; minutes; various registers (such as parish registers) and lists; correspondence and subject les on various topics including public order, police matters,

1890

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trade and industry, taxes, sale of property to cover debts, prisoners and deportation, the process of becoming a Russian subject; and bookkeeping materials; all concerning developments in the manifold spheres of life in the guberniya (province). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1762–1800 : Russia, various countries : Russian

The materials are described in ten inventories, three of which are relevant. Inventory 1 Relevant are the imperial decrees from 1781–1794, with gaps. Inventory 2 This inventory lists 3025 les of minutes (zhurnaly) of the administration from the period, 1780–1909 (items 1–96 date from 1780–1800). These sum up the contents of various incoming papers: decrees of higher bodies, petitions, notices, reports of the municipal administrative police organ (uprava blagochiniya, which for instance supervised prices, scales and measures, and acted against illicit trade), notices of the registration of local and foreign merchants, notices of protests of bills, complaints related to trade and artisans and respective decisions of the town magistracy, papers on inheritance issues, merchants’ claims and appeals against imposition of different nes, theft of goods in customs houses, lists of merchants serving in the customs ofce (sluzhiteli), etc. Inventory 9 Items 1–24 contain the Senate decrees from 1762–1800 (with gaps). Accessibility Ten inventories (in Russain). A brief and partly outdated archival guide is found in:           :    [State Historical Archives of the Leningrad Oblast. Short guide] (St. Petersburg, 1960); soon to be complemented by a new and comprehensive version.

central state historical archives of st. petersburg

1891

Record creator / provenance According to the Law of 1775, the Russian Empire was divided into guberniyas (provinces), the administration of which was uniformly organised. Administrative, scal and judicial functions at the provincial level were assigned to separate organs. Following the provincial reforms under Catherine the Great, the St. Petersburg guberniya administration (gubernskoe pravlenie) was created in 1775. At the head stood a governor, appointed by the ruler, with his chancery. In the eighteenth century the administration was subordinated to and supervised by the Senate. The administration’s duties included: supervising the provincial administration, public order and scal and economic matters of the province; enforcing orders received from administrative and judicial organs; settling conicts and disputes that did not require court involvement; considering complaints against institutions in its jurisdiction (the urban administration was for example subordinated to the governor and governor-general). It was dissolved in 1917. Publications •

• • •

       [A complete collection of the laws of the Russian Empire], Vols. XVI–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830); including the bulk of decrees and regulations.      . - ao [Statehood of Russia. Handbook], Vol. 1 (Moscow, 1996). Amburger, Erik, Behördenorganisation Russlands von Peter dem Grossen bis 1917 (Leiden, 1966). !    .  "#$ (1703–1861 .) [Outlines of the history of Leningrad], Vol. 1 (Moscow, St. Petersburg, 1955).

Petrograd Merchants’ Administration Record group Petrograd Merchants’ Administration        Reference code : 221 Period : 1726–1918 Extent : 843 items

1892

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Abstract The record group contains: various lists (such as soul revision lists) of foreign and local merchants at St. Petersburg; price lists; decrees relative to the enrollment or exclusion of local and foreign merchants in merchant corporations; as well as les on such topics as the issuing of passports and various certicates, collection of taxes and exemption from taxation, maintenance costs of schools, urban administration (mostly of elections), charity, and the founding and closing of trading houses, their activities and changes in their associates. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1726–1800 : Russia, various countries : Russian

The materials are described in two inventories, both of which are relevant. Inventory 1 There are decrees concerning the enrollment in the merchant estate either as local merchants or as merchants from other towns and countries (inogorodnye, inostrannye gosti) and the granting of trading rights in St. Petersburg, dating from 1726–1800 (with gaps) (see items 1–5, 7–9, 13, 14, 18, 23, 25, 29, 34, 34a, 35, 36, 38, 42, 43, 47, 51, 61, 67, 72, 73, 75, 79, 84, 89, 91–98, 100, 103, 104, 108, 109, 117, 124, 126, 127, 129, 132, 135, 138, 143, 145, 149, 156, 162, 175). These usually include merchant names, places of origin (town) and amounts of capital declared. The number of such decrees issued each year rose signicantly in the 1760s and 1770s. On the basis of the decrees, it is possible to trace the origins and nancial position of both Russian- and foreign-born newcomers among merchants at St. Petersburg. Occasionally, these les include lists of self-declared capitals in rubles as well as sums of taxes paid on it (1 per cent) (see for instance item 124). There are also soul revision or poll tax lists of merchants from the years 1745 (item 30), 1785 (item 107) and 1795–1796 (items 167–171), mentioning their names, age and family members. These les usually include decrees on their enrollment in the merchant estate (which, as noted above, include merchants’ names, place of origin and amount of capital).

central state historical archives of st. petersburg

1893

Relevant are also annual lists of St. Petersburg merchants: • • •

•

80: Merchants and masters of craft guilds, 1766. 137: Merchant guild members, 1790. 150: Local merchants and merchants of other towns and countries (c. 1700 people), including their dwelling places and the business sector they were engaged in (regretfully not indicating their ethnicity), 1792. 153: Merchants, 1793.

Item 87 contains data on the overall number of local merchants, foreign merchants and masters of craft guilds, dating from 1767. Item 142 concerns the submission of data on merchants in St. Petersburg to the town council, from 1791. Furthermore, there are a few trade-related decrees: item 17, dating from 1741; item 55, from 1753. The latter contains decrees of the chief magistracy concerning rules of behaviour for Russian merchants abroad (with prohibitions to wear grey kaftans and beards, rules how to communicate, etc.). Item 57 contains obligations of the merchant corporation members, from 1754, and item 121 includes the imperial manifest concerning the privileges of merchants and relevant correspondence, from 1787. Inventory 2 Relevant are the following items: • • • • •

8: File on the exclusion of non-residents of the town from the Kronstadt merchant corporation, 1747. 14, 18, 19, 21: Price lists of various goods and drinks, 1757, 1781, 1783, 1800. 20: Data on the number of local merchants and merchants of other towns at St. Petersburg, 1798. 31: Data on merchants and shopowners, 1760. 33: List of Dutch and English merchants living in the town, second quarter of the eighteenth century.

Accessibility 2 inventories (in Russian). A brief and partly outdated archival guideis found in:           :   

1894

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[State Historical Archives of the Leningrad Oblast. Short guide] (St. Petersburg, 1960); soon to be complemented by a new and comprehensive version. Record creator / provenance The Merchants’ administration (1846–1917) was presided by a chairman-elder and consisted of a chairman, two members and two fellow-members, chosen by an electoral assembly every three or four years. It controlled the founding and closing of trading houses; administered properties of the merchant corporation and its economic, educational and charity institutions; issued licences regarding trade and industry; dealt with donations; and distributed and collected taxes. It was subordinated to the rasporiaditel’naya duma. The reforms of Peter I divided citizens into “regular” and “common” ones. “Regular” citizens were further divided into two guilds, the rst comprising rich merchants, doctors, pharmacists and other representatives of the liberal professions, and the second consisting of artisans and other merchants. The guilds performed primarily administrative functions: categorising merchants according to the extent of their economic activities and collecting taxes from them. The 1775 Law set 500 rubles of declared capital as the minimum requirement for enrollment in the merchant estate and merchants were made to pay taxes at the amount of 1 per cent of the declared capital per year, and after the 1790s 2.5 per cent. The Charter to the Towns (1785) increased the minimum capital requirements to 5000 rubles for the second guild and 1000 rubles for the third. For the rst guild it remained 10000 rubles. Merchants whose stated wealth surpassed 50000 rubles were called “eminent” citizens. Only these citizens and members of the rst guild were entitled to offer banking services and to trade abroad. Merchants were exempted from soul tax (already in 1775), compulsory military service, unpaid state service and corporal punishment. Until the 1780s, St. Petersburg’s overseas commerce was dominated by foreign merchants (rst and foremost the British). The latter quarter of the century saw the expansion of commerce and manufacturing and the inux of migrants into St. Petersburg. The state government introduced measures to reduce the inuence of foreign traders and promote the domestic merchant class. As the Charter to the Towns restricted the rights of foreign merchants, they became Russian subjects in increasing numbers. As a result, by the 1790s more than half of the overseas trade passing through St. Petersburg had fallen into the hands of Russian subjects.

central state historical archives of st. petersburg

1895

Custodial history The materials were acquired by the Administration from the St. Petersburg Chief Magistracy and town council (ratusha, gorodskaya duma) (relating to merchants) in the mid-nineteenth century. Publications •

• •

•

•

    [A complete collection of laws of the Russian empire], Vols. XX–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830); including many decrees and regulations regarding St. Petersburg and its trade rights. Hildermeier, Manfred, Bürgertum und Stadt in Russland 1760–1870. Rechtliche Lage und soziale Struktur (Cologne, Vienna, 1986).   , ..,      %   : &   I [West European merchants in Russia: The Era of Peter I] (Moscow, 1996).   , ..,      %      XVIII   [West European merchants in Russian trade in the eighteenth century] (Moscow, 2005). !    .  "#$ (1703–1861 .) [Outlines of the history of Leningrad], Vol. 1 (Moscow, St. Petersburg, 1955).

Schlüsselburg Merchants’ House Record group Schlüsselburg Merchants House '          Reference code : 1781 Period : 1732–1780 Extent : 16 items Abstract The small record group contains imperial decrees and ordinances of the town council (ratusha), general magistracy, salt authorities, chancery of the Great (Old) Ladoga canal, etc., as well as the merchants’ house’s reports to various higher bodies pertaining to taxes, trade, recruiting, and other issues.

1896

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1732–1780 : Russia, various countries : Russian

The les cover the period 1732–1780 (with small gaps). Although the bulk pertains to the administrative functions of the Schlüsselburg merchants’ house (elections of elders, enrollment in the merchant corporation, collecting various taxes), several decrees and orders of higher bodies sent to the house (mostly hand-written) also pertain to trade and related issues: internal customs duties in general, as well as customs duties collected from vessels passing through the Ladoga canal; transportation and sale of salt, forest products, precious metals, etc.; changes in prices; payment of bills; changes in the exchange rate of taler and ruble; the Commercial Code and instructions; prohibitions to sell certain commodities abroad; construction of the merchant harbour and the department store in St. Petersburg; penalties for shipping goods without paying customs duties; list of merchants owning inns in St. Petersburg (from 1735, e.g. item 1); navigation of merchant ships at war times; measures to promote trade; lists of town inhabitants, merchants, and amounts of declared capital; etc. Accessibility Inventory (in Russian). A brief and partly outdated archival guide is found in           :    [State Historical Archives of Leningrad Oblast. Short guide] (St. Petersburg, 1960) (soon to be complemented by a new and comprehensive one). Record creator / provenance Schlüsselburg (in Russian Shlisselburg) is situated at the head of the Neva River on Lake Ladoga. A fortress named Oreshek was built in 1300. In 1702, the fortress was given its current name Schlüsselburg. The name, meaning “Key-fortress” in German, refers to Peter the Great’s perception of the fortress as the “key to Ingria”. The town was founded in the same year. The Old Ladoga Canal, started at the behest of Peter I in 1718 and nished in 1731, connected the Neva River with the Volkhov River. It provided a waterway for the transport of products from the hinterland to St. Petersburg. The Chancery of the Ladoga canal (Kantselyariya Ladozhskogo kanala, 1723–82) was in charge of collecting customs duties from the

central state historical archives of st. petersburg

1897

vessels. The merchants of Schlüsselburg were united in the Schlüsselburg Merchants House. Related materials One of the two items of the Chancery of the Great Ladoga canal (Ladozhskogo Bol’shogo kanala kantselyariya) stored in the collection of Likhachev (reference code: 238) at the Science-Historical Archives of the St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, contains lists of goods and state supplies transported along the canal to St. Petersburg and customs duties paid on these, 1738–1744.

St. Petersburg Municipal Assembly Record group St. Petersburg Municipal Assembly         Reference code : 781 Period : 1782–1882 Extent : 2804 items Abstract The record group contains decrees, minutes and protocols, abstracts of reports and statements (doklady), reports, as well as les on the registration of Russians and foreigners as artisans and merchants in St. Petersburg, enrollment in the book of residents (obyvateli), deprivation of the status of “foreign merchant”, election of the mayor and delegates, acquisition of real estate holdings (mostly houses), etc. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1785–1797 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : High German, Russian

The materials are described in four inventories, three of which are relevant.

1898

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Inventory 1 Items 1 and 2 contain minutes (zhurnaly) from 1788 and 1790. The minutes from 1795 are listed in inventory 4 (item 1). Inventory 2 There are many les (of few pages) on the enrollment of foreigners in the merchant corporations in St. Petersburg from the years 1785–1795. Foreign merchants were registered in three categories: •

• •

Foreign merchants (inostrannye gosti); see items 5– , 22, 23, 46, 50, 54, 57, 60, 68, 87, 235, 104, 133–135, 152–154, 157, 225, 235, 241, 291, 293, 308, 319–320, 323, 351, 353, 369, 384, 386–389, 413, 431, 456, 463, 467, 471, 487, 492, 493a, 497, 498, 511, 524, 574, 615, 706, 714, 802, 816, 873, 894, 922, 958, 966, 981, 1016a, 1047, 1050, 1051, 1094, 1257 and 1314. Merchants of other towns (inogorodnye gosti); see items 36, 38, 39, 41, 42, 45, 50, 54, 57, 72, 84, 93, 363, 364, 391, 467 and 487. Local merchants (mestnoe kupechestvo); see items 149, 174, 255, 260, 341, 350, 352, 466, 489, 503, 541, 571, 694, 716, 729, 758, 767, 774, 869, 887, 932, 949, 975, 984a, 1018, 1027, 1063, 1154, 1188, 1207, 1253, 1254, 1335, 1496, 1516, 1520–1523, 1534, 1564, 1569, 1593, 1647, 1679, 1741, 2067, 2155 and 2283.

The les include decrees on the enrollment in the merchant estate; data on the merchant’s origin (town/country), age, amount of declared capital and number of household members; account of trading activities written by an elder of the town quarter; and occasionally a list of family members living in the same town (the entries include name, age, immoveables in St. Petersburg, voyages outside the town, occupation, etc.). A few les pertain to the deprivation of the status of “foreign merchant” for various reasons (such as sacrilege) (items 552, 871, 1224), or re-registration of foreign merchants as local merchants (items 650, 1277, 1289, 1430). On the basis of these materials one can trace the origins of foreign traders and other foreigners in St. Petersburg, and partly also their geographic and social mobility (from artisan to merchant, etc.) in the period 1785–1796. Migrant merchants originated from all the countries around the Baltic Sea, the Netherlands, etc. Item 96 concerns the submission of the list of foreign merchants, dating from 1787.

central state historical archives of st. petersburg

1899

Inventory 4 Items 40–49 comprise ten thick les with lists of family members (posemeinye spiski) of town inhabitants and merchants, dating from 1785–1787. Accessibility 4 inventories (in Russian). A brief and partly outdated archival guide is found in:           :    [State Historical Archives of the Leningrad Oblast. Short guide] (St. Petersburg, 1960); soon to be complemented by a new and comprehensive version. Record creator / provenance The Charter to the Towns (1785), regulating the rights and obligations of town inhabitants, instituted a municipal assembly, delegates of which were elected from different town quarters every three years. Among other duties, it was in charge of compiling registries of all groups of town’s people (as well transfers from one category of town inhabitants to another). Until 1798, it was subordinated to the guberniya (province) magistracy, and until 1802 to the town government. The year of its dissolution is unknown. The reforms of Peter I divided citizens into “regular” and “common” ones. “Regular” citizens were further divided into two guilds, the rst comprising rich merchants, doctors, pharmacists and other representatives of the liberal professions, and the second consisting of artisans and other merchants. The guilds performed primarily administrative functions: categorising merchants according to the extent of their economic activities and collecting taxes from them. The 1775 Law set 500 rubles of declared capital as the minimum requirement for enrollment in the merchant estate and merchants were made to pay taxes at the amount of 1 per cent of the declared capital per year, and after the 1790s 2.5 per cent. The Charter to the Towns (1785) increased the minimum capital requirements to 5000 rubles for the second guild and 1000 rubles for the third. For the rst guild it remained 10000 rubles. Merchants whose stated wealth surpassed 50000 rubles were called “eminent” citizens. Only these citizens and members of the rst guild were entitled to offer banking services and to conduct foreign trade. Merchants were exempted from soul tax (already in 1775), compulsory military service, unpaid state service and corporal punishment.

1900

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Until the 1780s, St. Petersburg’s overseas commerce was dominated by foreign merchants (rst and foremost the British). The latter quarter of the century saw the expansion of commerce and manufacturing and the inux of migrants into St. Petersburg. The state government introduced measures to reduce the inuence of foreign traders and promote the domestic merchant class. As the Charter to the Towns restricted the rights of foreign merchants, they became Russian subjects in increasing numbers. As a result, by the 1790s more than half of the overseas trade passing through St. Petersburg had fallen into the hands of Russian subjects. Publications • •

•

•

•

    [A complete collection of the laws of the Russian empire], Vols. XX–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830). !    .  "#$ (1703–1861 .) [Outlines of the history of Leningrad], Vol. 1 (Moscow, St. Petersburg, 1955).   , ..,      %   : &   I [West European merchants in Russia: The era of Peter I] (Moscow, 1996).   , ..,      %      XVIII   [West European merchants in Russian trade in the eighteenth century] (Moscow, 2005). Hildermeier, Manfred, Bürgertum und Stadt in Russland 1760–1870. Rechtliche Lage und soziale Struktur (Cologne, Vienna, 1986).

St. Petersburg Six-Man Council Record group St. Petersburg Six-Man Council   *   $ Reference code : 788 Period : 1786–1846 Extent : 662 items Abstract The record group contains minutes, annual reports, data on the town revenues and expenditures, reports on the appraisal results of immoveables, les relating to the enrollment in merchant corporations and conrmations

central state historical archives of st. petersburg

1901

of masters of craft guilds, various registers, etc. The bulk dates from the nineteenth century. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1786–1799 : Russia, various countries : Russian

The materials are described in ve inventories, three of which are relevant. Inventory 2 Item 1 pertains to the construction of market places in St. Petersburg, dating from 1786–1790. Item contains decrees of the guberniya (province) administration, dating from 1788–1789. Inventory 3 The minutes, from 1788–1799 (items nos 1–8), occasionally concern traderelated issues such as the protection of town (trade) interests, the issue of trade certicates, and the institution of trading rules and rights. Inventory 4 Items 11 and 12 contain revision or poll tax lists of St. Petersburg merchants and residents, dating from 1795. Accessibility 5 inventories (in Russian), with an introduction in no. 1. A brief and partly outdated archival guide is found in           :    [State Historical Archives of the Leningrad Oblast. Short guide] (St. Petersburg, 1960); soon to be complemented by a new and comprehensive version. Record creator / provenance Building on earlier laws on urban administration, the Charter to the Towns (1785) instituted an urban corporation comprising six categories of inhabitants: (1) owners of immoveable property; (2) merchants in three guilds; (3) artisans in craft corporations; (4) merchants from other towns or countries;

1902

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(5) “eminent” citizens (by education, wealth or public service); (6) residents unqualied for other categories. Each category elected representatives to a general town council (obshchaya gorodskaya duma) and a single delegate to a six-man council. The Six-Man Council was established as an executive institution of the town council. It administered affairs in between plenary assemblies of the larger body. It consisted of the mayor and six members who were elected every three years. It was subordinated to the governor, who functioned as the intermediary between the council and the central government. It functioned until 1846 (except for an interim period from 1799 to 1802). The Six-Man Council was not given any signicant managerial power. It was in charge of public welfare and the supply of the town with victuals, levied new municipal taxes, administered scal matters and properties of the town, issued trade licenses, and supervised trade and the trade police. Publications • • •

    [A complete collection of the laws of the Russian empire], Vols. XXII–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830).      . - ao [Statehood of Russia. Handbook], Vol. 4 (Moscow, 2001). !    .  "#$ (1703–1861 .) [Outlines of the history of Leningrad], Vol. 1 (Moscow, St. Petersburg, 1955).

St. Petersburg Town Council Record group St. Petersburg Town Council     $ Reference code : 792 Period : 1786–1916 Extent : 9524 items Abstract This record group includes: minutes and stenographic reports of the town council; lists of voters and real estate holdings; reports; various registers; budgets; and newspaper clippings. In addition, the correspondence and subject les cover a wide range of topics relating to town life: administration, health care, public welfare and transport, assignment of nancial aid and

central state historical archives of st. petersburg

1903

compensation, urban construction, sale of municipal land, town revenues and expenditures, rent conditions, trading rules, collection of local taxes, and other topics. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1786–1800 : Germany, Russia, various countries : Russian

The materials are described in four inventories, two of which are relevant. Inventory 1 Item 10418 consists of minutes (zhurnaly) of the general town council from the period 1786–1787. Trade-related topics include: trading rules; sale of Russian goods abroad; improving trading conditions for local wholesale merchants; rules for the transportation of goods to and from markets and shops; export and import of goods; and shipping. Inventory 2 Item 2 consists of weekly price lists of victuals from 1799–1819. Item 3 contains a decree of the civil expedition related to the accusation of the Lübeck skipper Keller of running his ship aground deliberately in order to unlawfully receive insurance benets, 1800. Accessibility 4 inventories (in Russian). A brief and partly outdated archival guide is found in           :    [State Historical Archives of the Leningrad Oblast. Short guide] (St. Petersburg, 1960); soon to be complemented by a new and comprehensive version. Record creator / provenance Building on earlier laws on urban administration, the Charter to the Towns (1785) instituted an urban corporation comprising six categories of inhabitants: (1) owners of immoveable property; (2) merchants in three guilds; (3) artisans in craft corporations; (4) merchants from other towns or countries; (5) “eminent” citizens (by education, wealth or public service); (6) residents

1904

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unqualied for other categories. Each category elected representatives to a general town council (obshchaya gorodskaya duma) and a single delegate to a six-man council. The general town council (1785–1873), consisting of a mayor and delegates, was elected every three years. It was subordinated to the governor (guberniya or province administration) and the guberniya magistracy (until 1797) and its resolutions had to be conrmed by the governor-general. Although the Charter to the Towns delegated some administrative functions to the local level, the rights of the general town council were fairly limited: it dealt with public welfare; local taxes and distribution of state taxes; the town’s scal matters and properties; checking of revision lists; registration of inhabitants and movements from one category of inhabitants (see above) to another; etc. The 1870 Town Law replaced the general town council with the town council (gorodskaya duma) (1870–1917), elected by tax-paying town dwellers. Copies The minutes have been microlmed. Publications •

• •

!    .  "#$ (1703–1861 .) [Outlines of the history of Leningrad], Vol. 1 (Moscow, St. Petersburg, 1955).     [A complete collection of the laws of the Russian empire], Vols. XXII–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830).      . - ao [Statehood of Russia. Handbook], Vol. 1 (Moscow, 1996).

St. Petersburg Town Government Record group St. Petersburg Town Government     Reference code : 754 Period : 1782–1802 Extent : 160 items

central state historical archives of st. petersburg

1905

Abstract The materials are mostly organised according to the inner structure of the town government and subsequently arranged chronologically. The records of the treasury department contain Senate decrees, minutes and protocols, abstracts of reports and statements (dokladnye reestry), various lists and registers, a few les (mostly on the issuing of craft guild certicates), and bookkeeping documents. The records of the civil department include Senate decrees, various lists, minutes, abstracts of reports and statements (dokladnye reestry), sequestration orders, a few les on the conrmation of bills of exchange, sale and mortgage contracts and wills. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1798–1800 : Russia, various countries : Russian

TREASURY DEPARTMENT Inventory 1 Relevant are the following items: •

• • •

1–3, 8, 10, 12, 13, 18, 22, 26, 27, 30, 37–41, 44, 45: Dokladnye reestry, i.e. abstracts of decrees, statements, complaints, reports, etc., 1798–1800. 4, 15, 33: Senate decrees, 1798–1800. 7, 17, 28, 34–36: Minutes (zhurnaly), 1798–1800. 19, 25, 42, 43: Protocols, 1799–1800.

The Dokladnye reestry sum up the contents of various documents, of which some pertain to overseas trade and related issues: rules regarding the sorting (inspecting) of ax seeds, hemp and other goods, and its supervision (for instance regarding disagreements about it among merchants); violation of trading rules by foreign traders; warehousing in the harbour; transportation of state supplies by merchant ships; applications of foreigners to establish merchant houses in town; etc. Trade-related topics covered in the minutes include internal and foreign trade (mostly with Englishmen), complaints and reports concerning trading rules, monthly data on customs duties, issuance of passports, enrollment of foreigners in merchant guilds, construction of the town’s shipyard.

1906

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Inventory 2 Item 3 pertains to the opening of the town hall and a storeroom in the department store (gostiny dvor), dating from 1800. Items 5–7 contain minutes from 1800. CIVIL DEPARTMENT Inventory 4 Relevant are the Senate decrees, dating from 1799–1801 (items 15–22); minutes, from 1799–1800 (items 1–11); and abstracts of decrees, reports and statements, from 1800 (items 12–14). The inventories of the les, dating from 1798–1801 (items 23 and 24), indicate the issues with which the civil department dealt: enrollment of locals and foreigners in the merchant corporations; payment of bills of exchange; conicts between Russian and foreign merchants caused by non-payment of goods; bankruptcy notices and properties under the writ; issue of travel passports; etc. The les themselves are almost completely damaged. Inventory 5 Relevant is a protocol book of the general board, dating from 1798–1799 (item 42). Accessibility 5 inventories (in Russian). A brief and partly outdated archival guide is found in:           :    [State Historical Archives of the Leningrad Oblast. Short guide] (St. Petersburg, 1960); soon to be complemented by a new and comprehensive version. Record creator / provenance The town government (1798–1801) was a local administrative, scal and judicial organ created to replace the town council (gorodskaya duma). It had to assist the central government in the maintenance of law and the collection of taxes in town. It was headed by a president, appointed by the Emperor, and consisted of three administrative sub-divisions (departments) concerned with criminal, civil and scal affairs respectively. The civil department dealt with cases relating to the payment of bills of exchange, conrmation of wills and sale contracts of immoveables. The department of scal matters

1907

russian academy of sciences library

handled town revenues and expenditures, distribution of taxes, supervision of commerce, houses, parks, etc. There was also a general board ( prisutstvie), communicating with and subordinated to the governor. Copies The minutes (zhurnaly) have been microlmed. Publications • •

• •

    [A complete collection of the laws of the Russian empire], Vols. XXIV–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830).        XVIII . (  $):    e [State institutions in Russia in the 18th c. (legislative acts): handbook], ed. A.V. Chernov (Moscow, 1960).      . - ao [Statehood of Russia. Handbook], Vol. 1 (Moscow, 1996). !    .  "#$ (1703–1861 .) [Outlines of the history of Leningrad], Vol. 1 (Moscow, St. Petersburg, 1955).

RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LIBRARY  a  o   St. Petersburg www.rasl.ru

Collection of Foreign Manuscripts Record group Collection of Foreign Manuscripts e      

1908 Reference code Period Extent

russia : 28 : 10th–19th century : 1510 items

Abstract The collection comprises foreign manuscripts of various types and origins. The bulk dates from the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries. Included are: histories of Russia, Finland and Livonia (such as chronicles); foreign descriptions of Russia (diaries, travel accounts) from the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries; copies of documents on Russian-Swedish relations in the second half of the seventeenth century; copies of foreign diplomatic correspondence; materials on Polish history and the diplomatic history of Russia; memories; a survey of Russian trade (in French) from 1729; materials on legal history (mostly pertaining to the Baltic provinces, Sweden and Germany), exact and natural sciences and medicine; religious texts; dictionaries and grammar books; copies of Roman works; and valuable Greek manuscripts. The manuscripts are organised by format (octavo, qvarto, folio), irrespective of subject. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1600–1750 : Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, English, French, High German, Russian

Relevant materials are to be found in a series of eight albums of manuscript plans, maps, and drawings of towns, buildings, ships, etc. These are led as F (o) 266, and date from the seventeenth and rst half of the eighteenth centuries. • •

• •

Vol. 2: Plans of the harbours of Pärnu (Pernau), Riga, Vyborg (Viipuri), and plans of Riga and parts of Stockholm. Vol. 3: Plans of Russian towns, such as Novgorod, St. Petersburg (including the oldest known plan of the town, dating from 1704), maps of the Neva River from Nyenskans up to its entry to the Gulf of Finland (depicting the rst houses of St. Petersburg) and Kotlin island. Vol. 4: Plans of Stralsund, Szczecin (Stettin), Stade, Copenhagen, Daugavgriva (Dünamünde) and Riga with its suburbs (2 plans). Vol. 5: Drawings of mostly unidentied buildings (place, date and author are not always mentioned and around half of them do not contain any

russian academy of sciences library

•

1909

textual information; however, it is known that part of the drawings have been prepared by Russians sent by Peter I to Holland and Brabant to learn engineering), including, for example, a plan of the Amsterdam town hall and the house of the Dutch merchant Christophor Brandt in Holland. Vol. 8: Ship drawings or sketches, mostly without any textual information.

Accessibility Inventory, 3 Vols. (with descriptions in original languages). A detailed description and inventory of the maps and other graphic manuscripts in the collection of Peter I is to be found in the supplement to Vol. 1 of +     # "      /  ; $ < . XVIII  : , , ,     =   I [Maps, plans, drawings and engravings in the Collection of Peter I] (Moscow, St. Petersburg, 1961). ..   , ..   and ..   , +     # "      /  ; $ <

[Historical overview and survey of the record groups in the Manuscript Division of the Academy of Sciences Library], Vol. 1: XVIII  (Moscow, St. Petersburg, 1956) includes an article by M. Murzanova covering the history of the library of Peter I and giving a survey of the collection of manuscript books of Peter I. Custodial history The manuscript division of the Russian Academy of Sciences Library (BAN) in St. Petersburg has grown out of the personal library and manuscript book collections of Peter I, which became state property after his death. In the course of the eighteenth century, several important new acquisitions (donations from personal libraries of several prominent gures) further enriched the collection of manuscripts in various foreign languages. In the nineteenth century only a few items were added to it. The collection of foreign manuscripts mostly contains materials transferred in 1931 to the Manuscript Division from the Cabinet of Incunabula, Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Engravings. Visually attractive Many of the town plans are coloured; other materials are either ink, pencil or watercolour drawings.

1910

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Copies Several plans are available on negatives. Publications •

•

“    e    ! [Collection of foreign manuscripts]”, in: +     # "      /  ; $ < , Vol. 2, XIX–XX  a, ed. V.P. AdrianovaPerets (Moscow, St. Petersburg, 1958), pp. 205–271; containing a survey of the entire collection. ", .., “   #   $   #% [Plans of St. Petersburg from the rst years of its existence]”, in: > /;<  ?/!< ;< , Vol. 4 (Moscow, St. Petersburg, 1959), pp. 323–332.

Collection of Manuscript Maps Record group Collection of Manuscript Maps e      Reference code : 35 Period : 1680s–1932 Extent : 1386 items Abstract This record group comprises many early maps, plans and charts, including the especially rich eighteenth-century collection of the Geographical Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The collection focuses on Russia and its various parts and only a few maps depict other regions. Furthemore, there are maps of several waters around the world, drawings of machines and designs of buildings. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1698–1800 : Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Russia : Dutch, French, High German, Russian, Swedish

russian academy of sciences library

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The collection can be divided into two parts: the main section, which consists of 878 maps and plans, and the supplementary section, which contains 498 items. Sea charts covering various parts of the Baltic Sea are part of the main section: •

•

5, 8–13, 17: Sea charts of the eastern part of the Baltic Sea, showing navigation routes, shoals, reefs, depths and ports, eighteenth century. Including: * 5: Detailed map of the Baltic Sea coast from Haapsalu (Hapsal) to Kronstadt, by Von-Lyberas, rst quarter of the eighteenth century. * 9: Chart of the Gulf of Finland, by A. Maas, 1733. 269: Hydrographic chart of the Baltic Sea coast from Ventspils (Windau) up to Liepaja (Libau), showing ports, etc., rst half of the eighteenth century.

There are several plans of Baltic Sea towns and ports: •

• •

749–751, 753–756: Kronstadt, eighteenth century. Including: * 753: Merchant district near the town’s fortress and the central part of the harbour, 1768. 761, 762: Nyenstadt and the Neva Delta; no. 762 is copy from 1749 of a map from 1698. 773–777, 779: St. Petersburg, 1714–1740s.

Relevant are also the following maps in the main section: • • • •

• •

105: Old Ladoga Canal (started at the behest of Peter I in 1718), second half of the eighteenth century. 203–208, 216, 224: Neva River and its by-rivers, 1698 to second half of the eighteenth century. 235, 236, 238, 239: Old Ladoga Canal, probably 1734 to mid-eighteenth century. 270–272, 274, 275, 277–283, 606, 607: General maps of the Baltic provinces and Ingria, late seventeenth century to second half of the eighteenth century. 284, 285: Coast of Estonia and its islands, second half of the eighteenth century. 609–612: St. Petersburg guberniya (province), eighteenth century.

In the supplementary section (in inventory 1), the following relevant materials are found:

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27: Atlas of Ingria, including 31 maps, 1701. 84–89: Plans of St. Petersburg, mid-eighteenth century.

Accessibility .. &' , "   $ ; $  XVIII . [Geographical Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the 18th c.] (+%   < =, Vol. 6), ed. A.I. Andreeva (Moscow, St. Petersburg, 1946); including an inventory of maps in the main part of the collection preserved in the manuscript division of BAN. +     # "      /  ; $ < , Vol. 1, XVIII  (Moscow, St. Petersburg, 1956); supplement: , , ,     =   I [Maps, plans, drawings and engravings in the collection of Peter I] (Moscow, St. Petersburg, 1961); providing a detailed description and inventory of maps and other graphic manuscripts in the collection of Peter I now divided between several archives and collections. Custodial history The manuscript division of the Russian Academy of Sciences Library (BAN) in St. Petersburg has grown out of the personal library and manuscript book collections of Peter I, which became state property after his death. His collections included a number of sea charts and nautical atlases collected during his St. Petersburg years (maps by Von-Lyberas, Cornelius Cruys, etc.). It should be noted that the basis for modern Russian cartography was laid in the era of Peter I. The rst systematic topographic surveys needed for the navy and for the compilation of a general map of Russia as well as the copying of several Swedish maps of the Baltic Sea were organised on his initiative. The original part of the collection of Peter I (including navigational and geographical atlases, plans and drawings, both Russian and foreign, and produced in the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries) is now divided between the Manuscript division, the Department of Cartography (Sektor kartogra@i BAN, which contains a few sheets from the nautical atlas by Johannes van Keulen, as well as Russian printed charts of the Baltic Sea from the eighteenth century, copies of which can be found in other repositories), and other institutions outside the BAN. The other major part of the Collection of Manuscript Maps comprises maps produced by the Geographical Department of the Academy of Sciences, the chief producer of scientic maps in the eighteenth century. During this period it produced over 400 plans and maps.

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Visually attractive The entire collection is visually attractive. Copies Part of the maps are also available on negatives. Related materials The manuscript books in the Memorial Collection of Peter I (Sobranie Petra I ) are divided into two parts (250 books, from 1588–1724): the older part (I), inherited from his family members; and the major part (II), either obtained during his St. Petersburg years or presented to him during his time in Moscow. Part II includes, among other materials, ship drawings, from 1730–1740s (86 lists, item 25); a translation of the Swedish sea law, from 1661–1716 (item 32); copies of Russian sea trade regulations, from 1724 (item 97), and customs tariffs on imported and exported goods passing through Baltic Sea ports (St. Petersburg, Narva, Vyborg (Viipuri) and Kolsky, from 1724 (item 98). See also the inventory of manuscripts in: /   I. !        [Library of Peter I. Description of manuscript books], comp. I.N. Lebedeva (St. Petersburg, 2003), and a survey of the collection by V.P. Leonov “Die Bibliothek Peters des Grossen in Sankt Petersburg: Ein grosses europäisches Projekt aus dem 18. Jahrhundert”, in: Die besondere Bibliothek, ed. A. Jammers et al (Berlin, 2002), pp. 139–157. Publications •

Shibanov, Fyodor A., Studies in the history of Russian cartography (Toronto, 1975).

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RUSSIAN NATIONAL LIBRARY  ! "  !   St. Petersburg www.nlr.ru

Collection of Architectural Designs Record group Collection of Architectural Designs e a  e Reference code : 40 Period : 1750–1926 Extent : c. 520 items Abstract The collection comprises architectural designs (plans, prole drawings, facades) of churches, monasteries, palaces, trade houses, libraries, admiralty buildings and private houses as well as designs of roads in Russia. Besides, the collection includes plans of St. Petersburg and Moscow, their neighbourhoods and suburbs, and a few plans of other Russian towns, like Yaroslavl, Rybinsk and Tver.

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1701–1839 : Russia, various countries : Russian

Relevant are plans (of various parts) of St. Petersburg (some of which have been published): • •

70, 71, 73, 81, 82, 85, 95: Plans of parts of St. Petersburg, 1762– 1777. 72, 108–114: Plans of parts of St. Petersburg, 1796.

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74–80, 83, 107: Plans depicting areas existing in the time of Catherine II (1777–1796), 1830s. 87, 88, 136–138, 144: Plans covering the entire town of St. Petersburg, 1703–1725, 1738, 1777. 118: Plans of parts of St. Petersburg, 1703–1725.

Other relevant items include the following: • • • •

134: Eight town building schemes with explanations, 1701–1826. 184: Map of the Gulf of Finland from Kronstadt to St. Petersburg, rst half of the eighteenth century. 185: Map of the Neva River from Lake Ladoga canal up to its mouth, showing depths and settlements along its banks, 1785. 435–438: Four volumes with copied plans, drawings, etc., of St. Petersburg in 1703–1796, collected by A. Mayer.

Accessibility Card catalogue. Mimeographed catalogue with introduction in: E.. % ,  $a o a  ,  C  !  o       /  $. E.F.  -H [Catalogue of the architectural materials of the USSSR, kept in the Manuscript Division of the M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin State Public Library], 3 Vols., ed. R.B. Zaborova (St. Petersburg, 1960).  o a$ oa $ oea  o   o   a%oa   [Guide to the Collections of the Manuscript Department of the Russian National Library], ed. L.S. Geiro (St. Petersburg, 2000). E.. % , !   a  $:    [Description of architectural materials: Leningrad and its suburbs] (St. Petersburg, 1953). Custodial history In 1865 the library bought part of the cartographic materials produced during the preparations for the atlas of A. Mayer, “Sistematicheskoe obozrenie predpolozhenii o zastroenii goroda S.-Peterburga”. These included drawings, plans, facades and views (originals and copies) as well as four volumes with their descriptions. In the 1830s, the staff of the military-topographical repository, under the guidance of the head of the Engineering Department’s

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archives A. Mayer, went through around 3000 plans and maps stored in the archives in Moscow and St. Petersburg and copied the most valuable of them. Over the years the collection was enriched by several acquisitions (such as map sheets from the Hermitage Collection and drawings for the restoration of historic St. Petersburg). Visually attractive The collection contains many visually attractive materials, including ink and water colour drawings. Related materials •

>  '    %? !   

#% .- # (1834–1838, 4 Vols.) (reference code: F. IV.656).

Publications +         . 1714

 1839 [Historical plans of the capital city St. Petersburg from 1714 until 1839] (St. Petersburg, 1843); with ve out of the seven included plans dating from the eighteenth century. • !J    $ $      . 1714  1839 [Explanations of the historical plans of the capital city St. Petersburg from 1714 until 1839] (St. Petersburg, 1843). •    o #   .- . 1703 o 1738 o [Draft building plans of St. Petersburg from 1703 until 1738] (St. Petersburg, 1839). • oo% a, ".M. “O o o     # XVIII .  ' a XIX . [Survey of manuscript plans of St. Petersburg from the 18th–early 19th c.]”, in  / $. E.F.  -H, Vol. 2 (St. Petersburg, 1954), pp. 235–268. • +   -a- 1703–1917. 

   $ [History of St. Petersburg-Petrograd 1703–1917. Guide to the Sources], Vol. 1, part 1: +     ,  oC  ,   "  $, ed. V.P. Leonov (St. Petersburg, 2000); with abstracts of the contents of the publications included. • +   -a- 1703–1917. 

   $ [History of St. Petersburg-Petrograd 1703–1917. Guide to the Sources], Vol. 1, part 2: O   ae $.  a   a " (St. Petersburg, 2005). •

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Collection of Cartographic Materials Record group Collection of Cartographic Materials ? "  $ Reference code : = @ Period : 1508–2007 Extent : 189,862 items Abstract This collection of maps and atlases is one of the largest in Russia. The bulk consists of modern Russian and foreign materials. There are atlases; area, city and town maps; and navigational charts. The section of domestic cartographical editions submitted since the eighteenth century is almost complete. It includes the rst Russian maps from the period of Peter the Great, publications of the Russian Academy of Sciences, topographical maps drawn by military departments, and many other materials. This is also the country’s largest collection of western European atlases (for instance, the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century atlases number over 450 volumes). Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1577–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, English, French, High German, Latin, Russian, Swedish

The section of Russian maps and atlases from the eighteenth century contains about 1000 items (including the rst Russian sea chart, from 1701). There are charts of the Baltic Sea covering either the whole area or parts of it, such as the Gulf of Finland (1777–1800) and Lake Ladoga (special map from 1703). In addition, there are some specic maps of roadsteads, harbours and waterways to Tallinn (Reval), Vyborg (Viipuri) and Fredrikshavn. The section of Russian and foreign maps of St. Petersburg has no equal in Russia. It contains more than 1400 items ranging from the early eighteenth century up to the present. Most valuable are the oldest printed plans of St. Petersburg by foreigners (Busch, Homann), and the oldest Russian plan of the town with its surroundings (1741–1742), showing its various parts, bridges, islands, roads, etc.

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The section of foreign atlases and maps from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries contains, for example: Spiegel der Seefahrt by L.J. Wagener (1589); nautical atlases (by Theunisz and others); and plans of several European towns (such as Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Hamburg, Gdansk, Rostock, and Stockholm and other Swedish towns). Charts of the Baltic Sea or parts of it include materials from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries by Dutch cartographers, for example: chart of the eastern coast extending from Ventspils (Windau) to Hiiumaa (Dagö) (1586), showing depths, reefs, coastlines, etc.; chart of the eastern coast extending from Klaipeda (Memel) to Ventspils (Windau) (1600); and other Dutch, English, Swedish and French charts from the eighteenth century (some are lists of atlases). Accessibility Alphabetical geographical card catalogues of foreign and Russian printed maps and atlases covering the period 1600–2004; also available online at the library’s website. Custodial history The holdings of the library have grown through the receipt of statutory copies of works issued by Russian ofcial bodies, and also through the purchase or donation of the collections of private individuals or institutions, such as the Hermitage, Russian Geographic Society, Military-Topographic Depot, etc. Visually attractive The entire collection is visually attractive. Publications •

•

- # #>  %      Q\

. Q\      - # [St. Petersburg and Ingermanland in Swedish archives. Sweden in St. Petersburg archives] (St. Petersburg, 2005).   , .@.,     =   XVIII  : ;   [Russian secular engraving in the rst quarter of the 18th century: Annotated consolidated catalogue] (St. Petersburg, 1973).

Parts of the collection have been published on several CD’s: •

Mappae Encyclopaedia. Publication One. Magnus Ducatus Finlandiae, Finland on maps, 1600s–1900s.

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1919

Mappae Encyclopaedia. Septentrionalium Terrarum Descriptio. The Nordic Countries: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia (Northwestern) and Sweden on maps, 1600s–1900s.  -. 300     [St. Petersburg. 300 years of plans and maps].

Collection of Maps and Plans Record group Collection of Maps and Plans e    Reference code : 342 Period : 17th–20th century Extent : c. 2000 items Abstract The collection of manuscript maps comprises maps and atlases covering the whole world, parts of it, individual countries, regions, oceans and seas (mostly survey maps and some road maps). There are also plans of towns and fortications, cadastral maps produced during the general land survey in Russia in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, military maps, and a few maps of waterways and railroads. Especially well-represented are maps of Russia and its various regions. The collection contains around 500 maps relating to the European part of Russia. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1778–1800 : Estonia, Russia : High German, Russian

Several plans of St. Petersburg, covering either the entire town or separate parts and dating from the last quarter of the eighteenth century, illustrate its history and development (items 93, 187, 241, 250, 256, 257, 263, 264, 270, 283, 1370– , 1443). Some depict names of the shop- and home-owners. There are also plans of various other Baltic towns in the Russian Empire dating from the last quarter of the eighteenth century and the early nineteenth century, such as Oranienbaum and its surroundings (item 845), Kuressaare (Arensburg) (item 999), and Narva and Ivangorod and their surroundings

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(item 1405). Item 951 is a sea chart depicting the northern part of the Gulf of Finland, dating from the late eighteenth century. Accessibility Card catalogue.  o a$ oa $ oea  o   o   a%oa   [Guide to the collections of the Manuscript Department of the Russian National Library], ed. L.S. Gejro (St. Petersburg, 2000). E.. % , !   a  $:    [Description of architectural materials: Leningrad and its suburbs] (St. Petersburg, 1953). Custodial history The collection of maps has grown steadily since the Manuscript Department’s foundation in 1805, and today the Department continues to acquire cartographic items. Most of the cartographic materials are to be found in the manuscript map collection, the basis of which constitutes a collection of 455 items received from the archives of the General Staff in 1869. Visually attractive The entire collection is visually attractive.

Hermitage Collection Record group Hermitage Collection &$  Reference code : ^>. (885) Period : 1000s–1840s Extent : 1287 items Abstract The Hermitage collection in the Manuscript Department of the Russian National Library (Otdel rukopisei) comprises three main groups of manuscripts covering a wide variety of topics:

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•

1921

Old Russian materials: eleventh- to thirteenth-century originals as well as later copies of chronicles, copies of fourteenth- to seventeenth-century military service books, genealogical registers, eighteenth-century books of degrees, agreements and wills of grand dukes and patriarchs from the thirteenth to seventeenth centuries. Materials from the private archives of Empress Catherine II (based on collected materials from several prominent gures in Russia in her time. Nineteenth-century manuscripts collected by the successors of Catherine II (mainly various personal documents, some literary works, etc.).

Around half of the Russian manuscripts date from the eighteenth century (415 items). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1572–1777 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : English, French, Russian

Trade-related materials are included in the following items: •

•

•

53: Collection of decrees pertaining to trade from 1654–1700, copy from the eighteenth century. Including: * Trade and customs regulations, primarily related to Archangel trade. * Regulations pertaining to deparment stores (gostinye dvory) of foreign traders. * Data on exported and imported goods. * Rights of foreign traders having been granted special privileges to trade in Moscow and other towns in inner Russia. * Papers concerning the creation of prikaz kupetskii in all bordertowns. * Papers concerning Dutch merchants’ caravans, and a petition of a Dutch merchant concerning his revenues from potash trade. 94: “Plans, proles and elevations of Lake Ladoga and Schlüsselburg’s sluices”, including an overview of the Old Ladoga Canal building (completed under the guidance of Fieldmarshal Münnich), 1763–1767. 113: Materials regarding customs tariffs on imported goods considered by the Commerce Commission in 1777. Including: * Alphabetical lists of imported goods, and customs duties collected. * List of harberdashery, and list of goods prohibited to be imported, 1733 and 1747.

1922

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* Customs tariffs on imported goods in St. Petersburg, 1759, 1762, 1763, 1774, 1775, and 1776, along with comments concerning tariff changes. * Customs tariffs on exported goods in St. Petersburg, 1777, along with comments concerning tariff changes. * Customs Tariff Act. 121: Collection of original and copied materials concerning the service of I.A. Shcherbatov. Including information on: * Volume of foreign and domestic trade, 1753–1755. * Trade with Sweden, 1739. * Volume and composition of Russian exports, 1754. * Turnovers of foreign merchants in St. Petersburg, 1753–1755. * Shcherbatov’s memorandum to Peter I about the founding of banks and trade companies in Russia, 1720 (pp. 42–59). 123/11: Materials on international relations, foreign policy and foreign trade in Europe, collected by I.A. Shcherbatov, 1709–1745. Including: * Documents on English-Russian (trade) relations and English foreign trade and documents on international relations. * Notices, letters and memorandums pertaining to international trade between Spain, England, Prussia and the Netherlands. * Russian export turnovers, 1724. * Copy of a decree on commerce, 1725. * Letters of skippers from Tallinn (Reval), etc., concerning transit on the Baltic Sea and prices on the world market. * Russian merchant shipping regulations. * Customs tariffs of the ports of St. Petersburg, Vyborg (Viipuri), Narva, Archangel, and Kolsky.

In addition, there are several thick volumes with Shcherbatov’s correspondence from the years he served as Ambassador in Cadiz and Minister to Spain and England: •

123/10: Copied materials relating to Shchrb tv’s service as a Minister to England, 1742–1745. Including: * Letter concerning problems in foreign trade. * Various documents on English-Russian trade relations. * Letters, notices, etc., about international relatins in northern Europe. * Letter from Lord Carteret to I.A. Shchrb tv (with whom he had established a trustful relationship) n Russian-Dutch and Russian-Danish trade, 1743. * Excerpt from a letter of the English diplomat Titley to Lord Carteret concerning the position of Demark in northern Europe, 1743.

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* Letters and petitions concerning the rights of Orthodox merchants on the Minorca Island. 277: Detailed data on avarage Russian exports and imports (amounts and customs duties paid) in table form with goods listed alphabetically, including calculations of customs duties according to the 1766 tariff and the new tariff, along with comments on reasons for changes in tariff rates, 1759, 1762, 1763, 1767–1769. 391: Collection of copied documents from the archives of the Chancellery of Foreign affairs n Russian-Swedish diplomatic relations in the period 1572–1577.

Accessibility A directory, with introduction, giving detailed information on the 816 Russian manuscripts from the eleventh to nineteenth centuries is found in: _.. A`{ \ and .&. Q ,        &$  [Catalogue of Russian manuscripts in the Hermitage Collection] (St. Petersburg, 1960). _.. A`{ \, +    % &$     . $   XI–XVIII . O  e [Historical collection of manuscripts in the Hermitage Collection. Monuments of the 11–18th c. Description] (Moscow, 1968). Record creator / provenance M.M. Shcherbatov served as Minister to Madrid (1726–1731) and to London (1739–1746). In the meantime, as vice-president of the College of Commerce, he dealt intensively with Russian-English trade relations. During the years 1734–1739 he served as president of the College of Justice. Custodial history The Manuscripts Department is one of the world’s largest repositories of manuscripts and autographic documents. The creation of a “Depository of Manuscripts” in 1805 marked the beginning of what was to become the Manuscript Department of the Imperial Public Library. The years 1852– 1862 saw the acquisition of the private royal library, founded by Empress Catherine II in 1766, which is also known as the Hermitage collection. Her passion for collecting books laid the foundation for the development of the Russian National Library. The collection contains only a few items (c. 50) collected by its founder; the vast majority has been acquired from other collections. By the mid-nineteenth century, the private royal library numbered several thousands printed books as well as over 800 Russian

1924

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and c. 500 foreign manuscripts. The Hermitage collection also incorporates manuscripts from the library of the eminent statesman and historian Prince ikhail Shcherbatov (1733–1790), who until the end of his life had a vast collection of 40000 volumes in his home library. Manuscripts from the collection of Prince A.I. Musin-Pushkin have been added to it as well. During the reign of Catherine II’s successors the collection was enriched with a few manuscripts from their reigns. The eighteenth-century manuscripts have mostly been acquired from the contributions of Catherine II and M.M. Shcherbatov. The archives of Catherine II contain documents and correspondence on several important issues in Russia in the second half of the eighteenth century, such as industry and agriculture, trade and nances, foreign policy and governmental reforms. Shcherbatov’s contribution contains 236 eighteenth-century manuscripts. Among other materials, there are papers from the archives of his fatherin-law Ivan Andreevich Shcherbatov (1696–1761), a prominent diplomat and Senator. Visually attractive Item 610 contains a map of the Estonia, Livonia and St. Petersburg guberniyas (1753), showing locations of forests suitable for shipbuilding. Publications •

•

Afferica, J., “Considerations on the Formation of the Hermitage Collection of Russian Manuscripts”, in: Forschungen zur osteuropäischen Geschichte, 24 (1978); containing a study of the history of the Russian section of the Hermitage Collection, with emphasis on the contributions of Catherine II and M.M. Shcherbatov.   o"   [Russian biographical dictionary], Vol. 24 (St. Petersburg, 1912).

The Russian Biographical Dictionary is available online at: www.rulex.ru.

russian state archives of the navy

1925

RUSSIAN STATE ARCHIVES OF THE NAVY      #$% St. Petersburg www.rusarchives.ru/federal/rgavmf/index.shtml

Atlases, Maps and plans of the Central Cartographic Production of the Navy Record group Atlases, Maps and plans of the Central Cartographic Production of the Navy ; ,    Y "  #  ZE? Reference code : 1331 Period : 1550–1920 Extent : 9435 items Abstract Maps, plans and atlases are to be found in various record groups of the Navy archives. Most important among them is the Central Cartographic Production of the Navy, which comprises a wide variety of manuscript and lithographic maps, plans, atlases, designs, drawings and cartographical editions from the sixteenth to early twentieth centuries, drawn by Russian as well as foreign cartographers, hydrographers and engravers. Maps of seas and inner waterways, roads, battles, plans of coastal fortications and ports focus on the Russian Empire. Several cartographic materials were produced during Russian and foreign geographic expeditions. In addition, there are also astronomical and meteorological notes in the collection. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

: 1649–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries

1926 Languages

russia : Danish, Dutch, English, French, High German, Russian, Swedish

Relevant are materials described in the inventories numbered 1 to 4 (seventeenth century to 1800). Atlases as well as hydrographic and special maps of the Baltic Sea or parts thereof, mostly of Russian or Swedish origin and dating from the eighteenth century, show coastlines, islands, channels, depths, skerries, river mouths, entrances to bays (Szczecin (Stettin), Kiel), roadsteads (Lübeck, Elsinor), waterways towards the Belts, and ports (Stockholm and other Swedish ports such as Karlskrona). The rst eighteenth-century Russian maps were often completely or partly based on Swedish maps, but Swedish, Danish and English maps were also used as basis for Russian maps later on. Maps of the Baltic Sea region charted by Russian cartographers and hydrographers were produced from the mid-eighteenth century onward, such as Nagaev’s Atlas of the Baltic Sea. A special group consists of Swedish maps and atlases, published in the 1780 and 1790s. There are plans of towns and ports of Scandinavian countries, manuscript plans of the Royal Stockholm Admiralty showing shipyards and contiguous water areas and a plan of the Danish Copenhagen Admiralty. There are a few manuscript and engraved hydrographic maps of the Neva River (from 1701 to the 1780s), Lake Ladoga and the Old Ladoga Canal (1760–1770s), mouth of the Narva River (1746), Tallinn (Reval) harbour (1762, 1764, 1788), Paldiski (Baltischport) (1763, 1777, 1797), Ventspils (Windau) and Liepaja (Liebau) (1800), St. Petersburg (1716, 1726), and Kronstadt (1742, 1773, 1794). Foreign atlases include, for example, seventeenth-century Dutch sea atlases by J. van Keulen, P. van Alphen, and P. Goos, the Blaeu Atlas of Dutch town maps from 1649, and eighteenthcentury English, Swedish, Dutch, etc. atlases of the North Sea. Accessibility 13 inventories. [= ! ! #% !   ] ;      " (1696–1917) [Annotated Register of the Inventories of Record groups], comp. by T.P. Mazur, ed. by M.E. Malevinskaya (St. Petersburg, 1996); also available online at the repository’s website. !     ,    XVI, XVII, XVIII, 

 XIX .,  C   Y " 

#  ZE? [Description of the old atlases, maps, and plans from the 16th, 17th, 18th, and the rst half of the 19th centuries stored in the

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1927

archives of the Central Cartographic Production of the Navy], comp. by V.V. Kolgushkin (St. Petersburg, 1958). Record creator / provenance The rst systematic topographical surveys for the navy and the copying of several Swedish maps of the Baltic Sea were organised on the initiative of Peter I. At rst all commissions concerning hydrographical surveys and charting were given by the tsar himself or the admiral general. Later, the Admiralty was put in charge of the direction of hydrographical surveys, which became the main focus for cartography in the eighteenth century. The mapping of the Baltic Sea was one of the priorities up to the end of the eighteenth century. One of the rst Russian scientic hydrographers was Aleksei Nagaev (1704–1781), a Russian admiral, who, among other works, compiled the Atlas of the Baltic Sea (printed several times in the eighteenth century). Until the end of the imperial regime in 1917, subdivisions of the Admiralty College, and later of the Ministry of Navy (these units changed names several times) were in charge of the charting and mapping of seas, rivers, forest resources and other features important for shipbuilding and the development of navigation. Furthermore, they also kept the maps and charts acquired for the needs of the Russian (Soviet) Navy until the 1950s, when the Central Cartographic Production of the Navy started to transfer the maps to the present repository. Visually attractive The collection contains a large number of visually attractive maps. Publications •

• •

•

 , +.., “|  \

  - # XVIII ea  = !> #% >   ” [Survey of the St. Petersburg plan collections in the Russian State Archives of the Navy], in:    , 97 (St. Petersburg, 1997), pp. 45–48. `, .., "   XVIII   [Russian cartography in the 18th century] (Moscow, 1960). }

 !, .&., +   #      $ $ $ $    [Historical overview of the naval administration in Russia] (St. Petersburg, 1869). - # #>  %      Q\

. Q\      - # [St. Petersburg and Ingermanland in Swedish archives. Sweden in St. Petersburg archives] (St. Petersburg, 2005).

1928 •

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Postnikov, A.V., “The Russian Navy as Chartmaker in the Eighteenth Century”, in: Imago Mundi, 52 (2000), pp. 79–95.

A digitised version of the Nagaev’s Atlas of the Baltic Sea (1757), by P. Kokkonen, titled “Russian Cartography of The Baltic Sea: The Eighteenth Century”, is available at: www.karttaikkuna./Russia/home.htm.

RUSSIAN STATE HISTORICAL ARCHIVES        St. Petersburg www.rusarchives.ru/federal/rgia

Petrograd Port Customs Ofce Record group Petrograd Port Customs Ofce   (  )  $ Reference code : 138 Period : 1724–1922 Extent : 8369 items Abstract The record group comprises: decrees, circular letters and prescripts of higher bodies pertaining to custom tariffs and operations of the customs ofces; reports and resolutions; correspondence relating to issuing import and export licences; papers concerning shipwrecks; punishments for violation of customs regulations; and documents regarding the supervision of the collection of customs dues and the storage of goods in the harbour, smuggling and other issues. The bulk dates from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

russian state historical archives

1929

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1724–1800 : Russia, various countries : Russian

The materials are described in several inventories. Of these, no. 6 lists over a hundred thick volumes providing information on the port operations, everyday life in the town, etc., dating from the eighteenth century. The relevant papers are divided into three series: •

• •

1–59: Decrees and prescripts issued by the Senate, Commerce Collegium, St. Petersburg Treasury Chamber, etc. (mostly prints), 1724–1800 (with small gaps), from the 1750s onward with chronological directories. 323–364: Resolutions, with detailed directories, 1744–1800. 527–539: Minutes of the St. Petersburg customs ofce, containing short accounts of the discussions on the respective resolutions, 1783–1800.

These records give information on the principles followed by the Russian customs administration in those years. The resolutions pertain to: the delivery of customs revenues to various institutions and persons (stated in detail in the law); customs practice; trade issues; protests of bills; conscation of goods; inspection of scales; violation of customs and port regulations; shipwrecks; and illicit trade. Unfortunately, there is no information on the quantity of export and import, current revenues and expenses, port duties, etc., in the eighteenth century. Accessibility Several inventories (in Russian). Record creator / provenance The St. Petersburg port customs ofce (1724–1918) was in charge of collecting customs duties and acting against smuggling. It was subordinated to the Commerce College until 1780, and to the St. Petersburg Treasury Chamber from 1780 to 1796. The large number of customs ofcers (from 200 to 340) initially also included inspectors (vol’nye sluzhiteli) from the ranks of merchants. The head of the ofce changed names several times. In the years 1764–1799, he was called inspector general. Throughout the seventeenth century, Russia depended on Archangel as the central venue for export trade. A systematic transfer of trade to the Baltic region and a secular decline of Archangel can be noticed at the turn of the century. By the end of the seventeenth century, the Baltic Sea ports had

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gradually risen to account for at least one-third (and probably more) of the Russian export. Archangel’s share appears to have been around one-half at that time. Peter I decided to concentrate trade in St. Petersburg. Increasingly discriminatory policies were adopted to promote the development of the newly founded town and soon it became the leading export port of the Empire. In 1725 annual turnovers of trade passing through St. Petersburg were ve times higher than those of Archangel. In 1753 internal customs were abolished and in the following years customs tariffs on several commodities were increased. In the 1750s, 250 to 300 foreign ships visited the port yearly. In the 1780s and 1790s there was a sharp increase in the number of visiting ships (800–1000). Mostly hemp, ax, yuft leather, iron ore and linen (fabric) were exported, whereas fabrics (e.g. cloth), haberdashery, wines, sugar, fruits, coffee, paints, tobacco, paper, etc., were imported. In the 1770s already three-quarters of the Russian overseas foreign trade went through St. Petersburg. Publications •

•

    [A complete collection of the laws of the Russian Empire], Vols. VI–XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1830); including the bulk of decrees and regulations.        XVIII . (  $):     [State Institutions in Russia in the 18th c. Legislative acts: Handbook], ed. A.V. Chernov (Moscow, 1960).

Source publications with statistical data partly derived from the reports of customs ofce include the following: •

•

Z*    #   . 1764 . Z$   [      [Foreign trade of Russia through the port of St. Petersburg. 1764: Report on export of Russian goods] (Moscow, 1996); containing the survey on Russian exports through the St. Petersburg port in 1764 based on the report of the local customs ofce to the College of Manufactures in 1765. Z*    #     

 XVIII- XIX .: Z$    a  %     [Foreign trade of Russia through the port of St. Petersburg in the second half of the 18th and in the early 19th cs.: Reports on merchants and their trade turnovers], ed. A.I. Komissarenko and I.S. Sharkovoi (Moscow, 1981).

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Other works with data on trade turnovers and the number of ships visiting the port: •

•

•

•

•

Q #, ..,     [Statistical works], Vols. 1, 2 (St. Petersburg, 1859–1860); listing the number of incoming and outgoing ships in St. Petersburg and Kronstadt in various years between 1700 and 1838 and the value of imported and exported goods in rubles. }, ._., +         $$%      %   $     C [Historical description of the Russian trade in all ports from the early times until now], Vols. 1–7 (St. Petersburg, 1781–1787). >, A., +#        *   $*  II  XVII-o   1858  [Study of historical data on the Russian foreign trade and industry from the 2nd half of the 17th century up to 1858], Vols. 1–2 (St.-Petersburg, 1859). Storch, H., Historisch-Statistisches Gemälde des Russischen Reiches am Ende des achtzehnden Jahrhunderts, Vols. 1–8 (Riga, Leipzig, 1797–1803). Tooke, W., View of the Russian Empire during the Reign of Catherine the Second and to the close of the eighteenth century, Vol. 3 (London, 1800); including data on the overall import and export of St. Petersburg in 1742–1799.

Three basic studies on customs tariffs and operations of the St. Petersburg customs ofce: • •

•

"%? !, @., +    $ " [History of the customs tariffs in Russia] (St. Petersburg, 1886). + >  , |., “   >?! ?  - # [History of the customs ofce in St. Petersburg]”, in: >    $#    -, Vol. 3 (1998). Hoffman, P., Sankt-Petersburg—Stadt und Hafen im 18. Jahrhundert (Berlin, 2003).

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SCIENCE-HISTORICAL ARCHIVES OF THE ST. PETERSBURG INSTITUTE OF HISTORY OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES  -   -          St. Petersburg www.spbiiran.nw.ru/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid= 13

Catherine II Record group Catherine II F  II Reference code Period Extent

: 203 : 1768–1794 : 261 items

Abstract The record group comprises: the Empress’s correspondence with prominent state ofcials, courtiers, and others; various reports; extracts from Russian chronicles, etc.; drafts of her literary works and notes on history, geography, etc.; materials related to the Legislative Commission summoned for composing a New Code of Law; and various manuscripts from the last quarter of the eighteenth century. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1783–1793 : Russia, various countries : Russian

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Relevant materials include several papers on Russian trade, commercial seafaring, customs matters and shipbuilding: • • • • •

88: Register of trade-related decrees from the years 1714–1780. 90, 91: Lists of goods prohibited to be imported or exported, eighteenth century. 94, 103: Excerpts from the eighteenth-century maritime laws, and customs regulations. 98: Draft of a maritime law. 105: Imperial decree to the Commerce College concerning the settling of disputes between shipmasters, skippers and crews, 1776.

Several papers (reports, memoranda, statements) deal with deciencies and problems in the Russian foreign trade: • • •

•

•

87: Commerce Commission’s report (one page) on a new draft of the bankruptcy regulations, 1768. 106: Report of the Commerce Commission on the lack of skippers and sailors for serving private (merchant) vessels, 1776. 130, 138: Long memorandums on Russian foreign trade and the reasons for the decrease in the bill rate, 1793 (the latter includes a comparative analysis of exports through St. Petersburg in 1781 and 1791, measures on how to constrain imports and make customs control more strict, etc.). 140: Copy of the St. Petersburg mayor’s statement to the town council urging not to grant rights to foreign merchants living in St. Petersburg but registered in other towns, that are equal to rights granted to locals (explaining rights of foreign and Russian traders), 1793. 142, 142: Memorandums of merchants to the Empress on the poor condition of the trade and the reasons for the drop in exchange rates, 1793.

Two items pertain to mercantile shipbuilding yards in Russia: • •

99: Rules concerning the founding of private shipyards and shipbuilding in St. Petersburg, drafted by the Empress, 1781. 100: Project of a regulation related to private shipyards and commercial shipbuilding, drafted by Admiral Samuel Greig, 1781.

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Relevant are also the following papers: •

• •

97: Memorandum concerning loaded vessels with an attached letter from Chancellor A.A. Bezoborodko, chief architect of Catherine the Great’s foreign policy, to Prince A.A. Vyazemsky, procurator general of the Senate, 1778. 104: Letter from A.A. Vyazemsky to A.A. Bezoborodko about collecting data on shipyards and merchant harbours, 1781. 144: Papers including an explanation of exchange rates paid when transferring money abroad and exports and imports, and data on foreign ships entering the St. Petersburg port in table format, 1788–1790.

Accessibility Inventory, with descriptions either in Russian or French. A detailed guide to the collections with extensive bibliographical references to various published materials is found in:       +    [Archival guide of the Leningrad branch of the Institute of History], ed. A.I. Andreev, A.G. Man’kov, V.A. Petrov and V.I. Rutenberg (Moscow, St. Petersburg, 1958). Three decrees listed in the register of decrees pertaining to trade from the years 1714–1780 (from 1717, 1720, and 1722) are included in the annotated register,   [   1.   $ [St. Petersburg in the era of Peter I: Catalogue of documents], part 1, comp. E.<. Andreeva, +.<. Bazarova, G.<. Pobedimova and Y.B. Fmin (St. Petersburg, 2003). This work also lists trade-related letters from two other record groups not described in this guide: •

•

Seven letters (each one page) of S.A. Bleklii to A. Menshikov from the island of Kotlin, reporting about the visits of foreigners (e.g. Dutch) to the island and permitting them to enter St. Petersburg, 1714 (in the record group of the Field Chancery of Prince A. Menshikov, reference code: 83). Four unpublished decrees and letters (each one page) from the collected letters and papers of Peter I, 1717 and 1724 (in the record group of the Commission for publishing letters and papers of Emperor Peter the Great, reference code: 270).

Record creator / provenance Catherine II (1729–1796), empress of Russia (1762–1796), introduced a wide range of internal political reforms and substantially expanded Russia’s

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borders. She promoted education and the Enlightenment among the elite. She also devoted considerable attention to commercial issues. The Commerce commission created in 1763 worked under her personal supervision. Catherine aimed at expanding Russia’s own merchant marine but failed to increase its strength considerably. Building up Russian commercial power, her policy focused on promoting a domestic merchant class, expanding trade relations with non-British nations, especially the Dutch, and ending the “special relationship” (i.e. commercial privileges) with England. More free bargaining as well as measures to reduce the inuence of foreign traders and promote the domestic merchant class, worked to Russia’s advantage. Foreign trade rose sharply from the 1760s to the early 1790s. Related materials The Russian National Library keeps a large quantity of material relating to the House of Romanov, such as correspondence and other documents of all imperial rulers from Peter I up to Nicholas II. Publications •

•

• •

•

• • • •

    [A complete collection of the laws of the Russian Empire], Vols. XVI–XXIV (St. Petersburg, 1830); including the bulk of decrees and regulations issued during her reign. T e a  -a. E%    e $ [Three centuries of St. Petersburg. Encyclopedia in three volumes], Vol. 1, parts 1, 2 (Moscow, 2003).  , <.&., +  F  Z [History of Catherine II], Vols. 1–5 (Moscow, 1891). @ > !, <.., “ = F  . . .”. Z  XVIII   [“In the shadow of Catherine . . .”. The second half of the 18th century] (St. Petersburg, 1992). |>`', O.A., “  $ ” F  II.  C  #$    [“Legal monarchy” of Catherine II. Enlightened absolutism in Russia] (Moscow, 1993). F  II: pro et contra. A [Catherine II: pro et contra. Anthology], comp. S.N. Iskyul’ (St. Petersburg, 2006). Alexander, John T., Catherine the Great: Life and Legend (New York, 1988). Cronin, Vincent, Catherine, Empress of All the Russias (London, 1978). _> , <.., Z*    XVII  XVIII .:    -    [Russian foreign trade in the 17th and 18th centuries: Western and north-western directions] (Moscow, 1995).

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= , .., Z*   %-[ $  #    XVIII . (;     ) [Foreign trade and the socio-economic development of Russia in the 18th c. Ports of Archangel and St. Petersburg] (|msk, 1989). • ?$  [The Phenomenon of St. Petersburg] (+. 2–! >?% . ~., {! 27–30  . 2000 #.  . > <. . {  ), ed. Y.N. Bespiatykh (St. Petersburg, 2001). •  , ..,    C    *  *     %  $ % F  II [Mutual Relationship between government and society in Russian foreign trade during the reign of Empress Catherine II] (Kazan, 1902). •

The Russian Biographical Dictionary is available online at: www.rulex.ru.

Ofce of Diplomatic Affairs (Foreign Records) Record group Ofce of Diplomatic Affairs (Foreign Records)     (  ) Reference code : 109 Period : 1608–1700 Extent : 958 items Abstract Only a small part of the holdings of the Ofce of Diplomatic Affairs has been preserved. The materials primarily pertain to the realisation of the Stolbovo peace treaty concluded between Sweden and Muscovite Russia in 1617, and to the armistice ending the Russo-Swedish war in 1656–1658. The bulk dates from the years 1620–1630, 1633 and 1659–1665. Topics covered include reciprocal visits of diplomatic representatives, titles of rulers, peasant refugees, war prisoners, border issues, criminal acts, etc. The designation of “Foreign records” reects the intense economic, political and diplomatic relations between Russia and Sweden in the rst half of the seventeenth century. Items usually consist of a single letter (of one to several pages), charter or list.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1608–1659 : Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Russian

Materials on trade between Russia and other countries include the following: •

• •

152, 180, 357, 403, 744 (and other items): Travel documents of Russian merchants visiting the Swedish Baltic provinces and Sweden proper and of foreigners (such as Swedes and Germans) coming to Russia. 537, 908: Inquistions of Russian merchants (rassprosnye rechi) returning from towns abroad. 184, 234, 319, 362–364, 402: Ofcial letters concerning journeys of foreign traders in Russia. Including: * 234: Letter about a Lübeck merchant having lost goods on his way.

Materials on debts of Russian merchants to Swedish subjects and vice versa are found in the following items: • • •

118: List of the debtors of the merchant T. Hakhin, undated. 119, 226, 227, 267, 938–940, 943: Registers of debts regarding business transactions, 1608–1623. 267, 293, 295, 730: Letters of the Novgorod voevoda and the Narva governor on debt issues relating to T. Hakhin, 1620–1623.

There is also correspondence pertaining to state trade. During the Thirty Years’ War, Sweden bought Russian grain and caviar, whereas in the 1630s Muscovite Russia bought Swedish armaments (see items 350–352, 398, 677, 713, 714, 766, 691, 695, 833, 835, 836, 839, 840, 852, 965, as well as item 819 dating from 1659). Moreover, copper was bought for coins (see item 318, as well as item 779 dating from 1659). In addition, the following materials are relevant: •

• •

34–39, 42, 54, 56, 67, 76, 94, 109–117: Correspondence of the Carelian governor Spor with Russian and Swedish ofcials in Novgorod, Narva, etc., regards various issues including trade, 1623. 185, 186: Two letters concerning the “case of sandalwood” between Tallinn (Reval) and Novgorod, 1659. 308: Comment of the Foreign Ofce on the trade-related paragraphs of the Vallisaare Armistice from 1659.

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315, 316: Letters of the Novgorod voevoda on the trade of Russians with merchants at Riga (regarding the payment of debts, etc.), 1659.

These les contain information on regular trade relations between Russian and Swedish merchants and Russian tax paying townsmen ( posadskie lyudi), the social composition of the Russian merchant class, amounts of trade turnovers, assortment of goods, etc. Accessibility Inventory (in Russian). A detailed guide to the collections with extensive bibliographical references to various published materials is found in:       +    [Archival guide of the Leningrad branch of the Institute of History], ed. A.I. Andreev, A.G. Man’kov, V.A. Petrov and V.I. Rutenberg (Moscow, St. Petersburg, 1958). Record creator / provenance The voevoda was a military commander as well as a representative of the tsar in the voevodstvo (military province). He was appointed by the tsar usually for one or two years. His duties were regulated by special instructions from Moscow. The jurisdiction of the voevoda included primarily military, administrative and scal matters. He was in charge of the internal order in the province and its overall security. He supervised the provincial administration (e.g. customs ofcers), all works on fortications, and service obligations of the nobility. He oversaw tax collection and the maintenance of land roads. The Novgorod voevoda had direct diplomatic contacts with neighbouring regions, primarily with Swedish areas. The Ofce of Diplomatic Affairs was a subdivision of the Novgorod military governement, which was responsible for diplomatic interaction. The voevody were abolished in 1708. The Stolbovo Treaty (1617) marks the high point of Sweden’s eastward expansion in the seventeenth century. The provisions of the treaty called for Sweden to return Novgorod and other acquisitions in northern Russia to the Muscovite government but Sweden gained the provinces of Kexholm and Ingria, and Russia renounced all claims to Estonia and Livonia, the primary east-west trade routes thus remaining in Swedish hands. Russia was allowed free trade at normal tariffs and permitted to establish merchant houses in Stockholm, Tallinn (Reval) and Vyborg (Viipuri), in exchange for Sweden being allowed to do so in Novgorod, Pskov and Moscow. The Stolbovo

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settlement was reconrmed by the 1661 Treaty of Kardis. Trade relations were one of the central issues in the preceding peace negotiations. Related materials •

N.P. Likhachev Collection (reference code: 238), including a series of documents of the Novgorod Prikaznaya Palata.

Publications •

•

•

• •

•

•

•

•

Maea    ; $  [Materials on the history of the Academy of Sciences], Vol. 3 (St. Petersburg, 1886), pp. 253–256; including a survey of the “Foreign records”. & $   # $    '%  XVII . ` $ #    [Economic relations between Russia and Sweden in the XVIIth century. Documents from the Soviet archives], ed. A. Attman (Moscow, Stockholm, 1978); including three relevant letters.  -*  [ $  *  XVII  : 

 $ [Economic Relations between Russia and Sweden in the XVII Century. Collection of documents], comp. M.B. Davydova, I.P. Shaskol’skii and A.I. Juht (Moscow, St. Petersburg, 1960); including eight documents pertaining to trade.      . - ao [Statehood of Russia. Handbook], Vol. 5, part I (Moscow, 2005). =>  , ^._., “=-{%  #      %  XVII . [Russian-Swedish Baltic trade in the mid-17th c.]”, in:  a   , 2 (1957), pp. 47–71. =>  , ^._., and .. @, “'   

 %    { !        #. " # % [Sources on the history of Russian-Scandinavian relations in the manuscript repositories in Leningrad]”, in:  a   , 3 (1958), pp. 257–269. Q ` !, .., & $  *    '      XVII . [Economic Relations between Russia and Sweden in the XVIIth c.] (St. Petersburg, 1998). Q ` !, .., “   > # { ! =

 Q\ !   # >  1617 #. [Establishing direct trade relations between Russia and Sweden after the Stolbovo peace in 1617]”, in:   , 29 (1966), pp. 139–158. Kotilaine, Jarmo, Russia’s Foreign and Economic Expansion in the Seventeenth Century. Windows on the World (Leiden, 2005).

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Tikhvin Dormition Monastery Record group Tikhvin Dormition Monastery {   >  $  Reference code : 132 Period : 1563–1918 Extent : 19,977 items Abstract These records mainly document the economic activities of the monastery and town of Tikhvin: property-ownership and taxation-related material, letters of privilege (zhalovannye gramoty), lists (of town inhabitants, peasants, etc.), customs books, contracts, papers gathered for lawsuits, petitions, accounts of the income and expenses of the monastery, and les related to debts, bonded serfs, border disputes, and other issues. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1637–1701 : Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Russia, Sweden : Russian

Relevant are materials on the trade-related intercourse between Russia and Sweden in the second half of the seventeenth century. Inventory 1 lists 137 boxes with 17725 untitled ofcial records (akty) arranged chronologically (box 138 contains undescribed items). Only a tiny part has been described on catalogue cards. A number of records (letters, lists, petitions, lawsuit materials) relate to trade transactions of Tikhvin tax-paying townsmen (posadskie liudi) in Stockholm. As the town was subordinated to the monastery, the latter dealt with all lawsuits, nancial and property claims between town dwellers. A number of such cases arose from disputes on their trade trips to Stockholm and other towns (Riga, Tartu (Dorpat), Vyborg (Viipuri)). Petitions to the archimandrite of the monastery and lawsuit records (including statements of claimants and litigants, testimonies of witnesses, contracts, loan documents, etc.) provide data on these voyages of Tikhvin townsmen to Sweden and their transactions there, the amount and composition of goods sold, joint business transactions, trade mediators, terms and conditions of sea voyage and ferriage, shipwrecks, and the hiring of workers abroad.

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Relevant are boxes 2 (document nos. 182, 236, 243, 245), 3 (94, 151), 4 (46), 6 (206), 7 (96, 127, 229), 8 (22, 51, 64), 9 (20, 56, 57, 66, 80, 156), 10 (232), 11 (168), 13 (28, 115, 164, 241, 291, 292), 14 (69, 249), 15 (95, 126), 16 (79, 151), 18 (165, 174, 217, 218), 19 (64, 181), 20 (51, 105, 106, 116, 121, 164, 195), 21 (8), 22 (133), 24 (205, 208), 25 (24, 224), 26 (131, 313), 27 (214), 28 (71, 74, 134), 27 (126), 29 (41, 63, 64, 128, 150, 205, 253, 258), 30 (55, 186), 31 (150, 185, 196), 32 (48, 89, 129, 148, 182, 184), 33 (96, 99, 102, 103, 105, 174), 34 (18, 58, 226, 280), 35 (35, 189), 36 (20, 37, 45), 37 (16, 17, 194), 38 (13, 18, 90, 108, 264, 266, 282), 39 (15, 15a, 109, 194, 259, 265, 279), 40 (121, 145, 148, 193), 41 (104, 218–220, 301, 304, 306, 309, 311, 313, 317–320, 330), 42 (25, 63, 83, 96–98, 147, 148, 154, 165, 170, 194), 43 (132, 149, 159, 160), 44 (39), 45 (124), 46 (77), 47 (75, 116, 176, 260, 263, 270, 293), 48 (72), 49 (122, 127, 213, 222), 50 (34), 59 (38, 46, 47). With regard to customs books, there are accounts of customs dues collected from imports (foreign, i.e. Swedish goods) dating from 1637–1700 (with gaps) (Items 1294, 1336, 1337, 1387, 1425, 1440, 1444, 1447, 1453, 1460, 1467, 1473, 1477, 1488, and 1496 in inventory 2 have been published, see under “Publications”). Goods exported by Tikhvin traders as well as imported goods sold outside the town have not been registered in these customs books. Accessibility 6 inventories (in Russian). A detailed guide to the collections with extensive bibliographical references to various published materials is found in:       +    [Archival Guide of the Leningrad Branch of the Institute of History], ed. A.I. Andreev, A.G. Man’kov, V.A. Petrov and V.I. Rutenberg (Moscow, St. Petersburg, 1958). Record creator / provenance In 1560, on the banks of Tikhvinka River close to the north-western border of Russia (about 200 kilometres east of St. Petersburg), a monastery was founded in honour of the Tikhvin icon of the Mother of God. The church was modelled after the principal temple of the Russian state (Uspensky Sobor, Cathedral of the Dormition in Moscow’s Kremlin), which had great signicance in the spiritual tradition. After the Bolshevik revolution of 1917 the Tikhvin Monastery was ravaged and closed. Some of the monastery buildings were given to a local historical museum. The Tikhvin Dormition Monastery was reopened in 1995.

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Russian trade with Sweden in the seventeenth century was dominated by Novgorod, Tikhvin and Olonets townsmen. On the lands of the Tikhvin monastery, the Tikhvin posad developed as one of the principal markets for Russian trade with Sweden in the seventeenth century. The export chiey included hemp, ax, furs, meat, fat, wax and leather. The import consisted of iron ore and copper. In 1773 the Tikhvin posad was granted municipal rights. Related materials A small part of the materials is stored in the Manuscript Division of the Academy of Sciences Library, St. Petersburg (Sobranie Tihvinskogo Bol’shogo Uspenskogo monastyrya, reference codes: 11 and 12). Publications •

Grekov, B.D.,    #  ;"  $  [Yearbook of the Archeographic Commission], Vol. XXVI (St. Petersburg, 1914), pp. 10–32, containing a survey of the materials.

A number of records pertaining to trade are published in: •

•

 -*  [ $  *  XVII  : 

 $ [Economic relations between Russia and Sweden in the XVIIth century. Collection of documents], comp. by M.B. Davydova, I.P. Shaskol’skii and A.I. Yuht (Moscow, St. Petersburg, 1960). & $   # $    '%  XVII . ` $ #    [Economic relations between Russia and Sweden in the XVIIth century. Documents from the Soviet Archives], ed. A. Attman (Moscow, Stockholm, 1978).

Relevant monographs include: •

•

•



 , @.., !   %-[ $      . >     XVI–XVIII . [Outlines of the socioeconomic history of the Russian town. Tikhvin posad in the 16–18th c.] (Moscow, St. Petersburg, 1951). Q ` !, .., & $  *    '      XVII . [Economic relations between Russia and Sweden in the XVIIth c.] (St. Petersburg, 1998). Q> , .., >  $ #: ,   [  # IX–XVII . [Trade and the development of

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customs. Formation, main stages in its development in the IX–XVIIth c.] (St. Petersburg, 2006).

Vorontsov Family Papers Record group Vorontsov Family Papers Z% Reference code : 36 Period : 1474–1904 Extent : 2225 items Abstract The documents deriving from the Vorontsov family concern activities of the family members as well as the state policy of Russia in general. The materials relating to the personal life of family members and their professional career as high state ofcials and ofcers, include personal and ofcial correspondence, reports, memorandums (zapiski), various decrees and ordinances, minutes and extracts, collected manuscripts and prints (literary works, etc.), materials relating to various expeditions and sea voyages, economic and ownership documents of their manors, and personal papers. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1699–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : French, High German, Russian

The materials are described in two inventories, the rst of which is relevant. Inventory 1 Relevant materials include the following: •

77–81, 85, 175: Collections of copies of diplomatic papers on Russian relations with countries around the Baltic Sea, sorted by state, covering the period 1320–1801.

1944 •

•

• •

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94–99, 102–105: Copies of papers concerning meetings of Baltic and Dutch diplomats in the eighteenth century, also regarding Russia’s trade intercourse with western Europe and related issues. 139: List of subject les, agreements, regulations, letters received and sent, tables, etc., pertaining to foreign trade and trade policy, stored in the College of Foreign Affairs, eighteenth century. 155, 158: Papers concerning Courland and Livonia and trade through Baltic ports (among other issues), seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. 186–188: Materials on the diplomatic activities of various high-ranking Russian diplomats, such as notebooks of A. Matveev documenting his journey to the Netherlands, 1699.

Trade-related records pertain primarily to Russian foreign trade during the 1770s to 1790s. These are volumes consisting of copies of manuscripts bound together. They include copies of: • • • • • •

Decrees (items 350–360, 367, 376). Draft reports. Memorandums of Vorontsov and others, for instance addressed to the Commerce Commission and Board, 1765–1775 (item 567). Customs and trade regulations, for example of Riga (items 589–590). Instructions to customs ofcials, 1760s–1770s (item 596). Numerical data on trade. Including: * 556, 565, 566: Data on St. Petersburg trade in the eighteenth century, with item 556 concerning trade turnovers of every single foreign merchant in 1774, and item 566 also containing various other papers on commerce (for instance restrictions on imports and exports). * 570: Collection of data on Russian trade, including separate data on St. Petersburg in 1742.

Items 543–549 comprise les on Russian trade in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Topics covered include: creation of the Commerce Commission (1763–1796); measures to promote trade (mostly included in various memoranda); review of customs tariffs in 1764, 1781–1782 and 1794, and other customs policy issues (item 549); trade relations of Russia with other European countries (agreements, correspondence with consuls abroad, etc., and memoranda); constraints on shipping in wartime (appendices to reports, occasionally including various lists with names of ships and their owners, and skippers); stafng ship crews; trade going through St. Petersburg and other Baltic ports; banking operations; stock exchange, brokers and fairs; warehousing in St. Petersburg and department stores (gostinye dvory); solving protests and complaints of foreign and local merchants;

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and inner organisation of the merchant class (privileges, enrollment, trading companies, etc.). Item 552 contains copies of documents of various types and origin on trade through Baltic ports in the second half of the eighteenth century, primarily Riga and Tallinn (Reval). Papers relating to Riga include general principles of commerce in the town, and a comprehensive report by a special commission on Riga commerce about the town’s trade of 1790 with appendices including data on the number of foreign ships, customs revenues, overall export-import (in monetary value), and export of certain goods (ax, ax seeds, forest products, hemp, and hemp seeds), from 1777–1783. Here are also letters and memorandums of various ofcials (like Riga’s customs inspector general Dahl, De Witte, etc.) concerning: Russian and Belarussian goods; promotion of trade in Riga and Tallinn; imposition of uniform customs tariffs; state of the harbour; loading and unloading vessels; warehousing of hemp and ax in the harbour of Riga; duty free trade; customs ofcials; paying customs duties in various foreign currencies, etc. Several papers provide data on Russian merchants in Riga in the 1770s to 1790s (trading rights, detailed lists of shops and houses). There are also materials regarding: grain trade; state of harbours in Paldiski (Baltischport) and Tallinn, and harbour construction in Tallinn; collection of customs duties in Tallinn; trade through Pärnu (Pernau) (like data on trade turnovers in 1794) and the town’s customs ofce; number of foreign ships visiting Tallinn, Haapsalu (Hapsal), Pärnu and Kuressaare (Arensburg); customs revenues; and overall export-import, dating from 1777–1789. Other relevant materials include: • • • • •

•

•

550, 551: Files on the Commerce Commission. 561: File concerning salt. 563: File concerning the trade in fat, forest products, potash and hemp. 564: File concerning the sorting (or inspecting) of goods. 568–569, 572, 573, 577, 578: Collected manuscripts, inluding (historical) overviews of Russian trade in general and trade through St. Petersburg and Kronstadt in particular. 572: Description of Russian (including its Baltic provinces) overseas trade from Peter I up to the reign of Catherine II on 409 lists (appendices include copies of various decrees pertaining to trade and shipbuilding, 1723–1763). 573: Short historical introduction to Russian trade followed by a yearby-year chronology in the eighteenth century (until 1778) on the basis of legal documents.

1946 • •

• • •

•

russia

584, 598–603: Files on port and land border customs stations, and customs tariffs of the St. Petersburg port and other Baltic ports, 1720s–1795. 586: File concerning the navigation of Russian merchant ships during the French-English-Spanish sea war, including declarations, imperial decrees, etc., 1780. 605: Papers including data on incoming ships sorted by nation (receivers of goods in Kronstadt are listed by name), 1774. 607: Russian trade regulations, 1723. 608: Documents regarding trade relations with the Netherlands, Hamburg, Armenia and Persia in the seventeenth century, such as agreements, copies, eighteenth century. 628: Memorandums concerning monetary reform in Russia, export and import of money, and counterfeit money, eighteenth century.

Finally, there are draft letters of A.R. Vorontsov, dating from 1762–1805 (items 1167–1172), and his correspondence, from 1763–1805 (items 1174– 1198, 1204–1234). Accessibility 2 inventories, with descriptions in Russian, French, German or English. A detailed guide to the collections, with extensive bibliographical references to various published materials, is found in:       +    [Archival Guide of the Leningrad Branch of the Institute of History], ed. A.I. Andreev, A.G. Man’kov, V.A. Petrov and V.I. Rutenberg (Moscow, St. Petersburg, 1958). Record creator / provenance The Vorontsovs are a celebrated Russian family. They probably represent a collateral branch of the great Velyaminov family of Muscovite boyars. From the fteenth to the sixteenth century, members of the family played an important role in Russian history as commanders in the army, ofcers of the Tsar’s household, courtiers and boyars. For the next two centuries the family history is obscure. Under Empress Elizabeth (1741–1761), the family’s fortunes soared once again, when Mikhail Illarionovich Vorontsov became vice-chancellor of the Russian Empire. Alexander and Semyon Romanovich Vorontsov were both notable diplomats, and the latter’s son Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov was a prominent general. Prince Alexander Romanovich Vorontsov (1741–1805) served as Minister to England (1762–1764) and the Netherlands (1764–1768). Later, Catherine II made him a senator (1779) and president of the Board of Commerce

st. petersburg institute of history

1947

(1773–1793). Although she actually never liked him, and in 1793 compelled him to retire from public life, he was the person who held this ofce longer than anyone else in the eighteenth century. His skillfull direction helped to expand Russian foreign trade. Russian merchants developed direct business contacts with Western European merchants. Vorontsov sought to deprive merchants and states of particular favours and privileges granted to them at the expense of others, and to promote local industry via customs policy measures. The measures taken by the government contributed to the increase of customs revenues in a time when the dependency of the Russian state on customs duties was still substantial. This was the period of the triumph of the Vorontsovs. In 1802 A.R. Vorontsov was appointed imperial chancellor. He retired in 1804. Related materials The Vorontsov papers are divided among several major archives and libraries. The RGADA (Moscow) holds the largest portion, dating from 1493–1916 (reference code: 1261). Publications •

•

•

•

•

•

<   \ [Archives of the Prince Vorontsov], 40 Vols., ed. P.I. Bartenev (Moscow, 1870–1897); based on the Vorontsov materials described here and containing 912 documents (including several manuscripts), of which a few relate to Baltic trade in the eighteenth century. <, B.H., " Z%  Z%-`*    o o  [Princes Vorontsovs and Vorontsovs-Dashkovs in Russian history] (Moscow, 2002). \—%a  

=

. +% \#  $ [Vorontsovs—two centuries of Russian history. Works of the Vorontsov society], Vols. 1–5 (Vladimir, 1992–1995). _? '  %, .., “|  ~% \   $#  ‚&<_< [Survey of the record group of Vorontsovs stored in the RGADA]”, in: +   #  , 32 (1950), pp. 242–268. , .<., “|      \,   $#    " # %# %   

< %>

  = [Survey of the collection of Vorontsovs stored in the Leningrad Branch of the Institute of History]”, in: $    , 5 (1956), pp. 102–145. O#ao, .., Z%. + #  oC     [Vorontsovs. Their lives and public activities] (St. Petersburg, 1892).

1948 •

•

russia

Zakharov, V., “Russian Trade Policy in the 18th Century”, in: F. de Goey and J.W. Veluwenkamp (eds.), Entrepreneurs and institutions in Europe and Asia. 1500–2000 (Amsterdam, 2002), pp. 55–70. Zimmerman, J.S., Alexander Romanovich Worontsov: Eighteenth-Century Enlightened Russian Statesman (1741–1805) (New York, 1975).

SWEDEN

Sweden by Örjan Romefors, Jan Dahlström, Tryggve Siltberg, Bo Elthammar and Peeter Mark GÖTEBORG UNIVERSITY LIBRARY: MANUSCRIPT DEPARTMENT Göteborgs Universitetsbibliotek: Handskriftsavdelningen Gothenburg www.ub.gu.se/samlingar/handskrift

Swedish East India Company Record group Swedish East India Company Svenska Ostindiska Kompaniet Reference code : not applicable Period : 1732–1817 Extent : 1.5 metres Abstract The archives of the Swedish East India Company include nancial records (e.g. registers of shareholders and share certicates), ships’ logs, crew lists and cargo statements.

1952

sweden

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1732–1813 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

Göteborg (Gothenburg) being the Swedish East India Company’s home port and Company ships carrying goods between Göteborg and China, these documents do usually not relate to the Baltic Sea trade, but certain series may occasionally concern this region: •

•

H 22: 2–3A: Lists and rolls of ships’ crews, listing names of crew members and often also their places of birth, with a few people originating from outside Sweden, 1766–1802. H 22: 1: Ship and cargo ledgers, documenting mostly commodities carried from China to Sweden but also goods exported from Sweden, 1732–1813.

Accessibility Inventory. All the documents have been scanned and can be accessed at: www.ub.gu.se/samlingar/handskrift/ostindie/index.xml. Record creator / provenance The East India Company (Ostindiska Kompaniet), based in Göteborg (Gothenburg), operated between 1731 and 1813. It had a monopoly on the trade to China and imported tea, silk and porcelain, among other commodities. Publications •

• •

Hallberg, P., and C. Koninckx, A Passage to China: Colin Campbell’s Diary of the First Swedish East India Company Expedition to Canton, 1732–33 (Göteborg, 1996). Kjellberg, S.T., Svenska ostindiska compagnierna 1731–1813 (Malmö, 1974). Koninckx, C., The First and Second Charters of the Swedish East India Ccompany (1731–1766). A Contribution to the Maritime, Economic and Social History of North-Western Europe in its Relationships with the Far East (Kortrijk, 1980).

gothenburg maritime museum

1953

GOTHENBURG MARITIME MUSEUM Göteborgs Sjöfartsmuseum Gothenburg www.sjofartsmuseum.goteborg.se

Gothenburg Maritime Museum Archives and Collections Record group Gothenburg Maritime Museum Archives and Collections Göteborgs sjöfartsmuseums arkiv och samlingar Reference code : not applicable Period : 1600–2000 Extent : 400 metres Abstract The Gothenburg Maritime Museum has several archives and collections, collectively presented here. The largest collections are the register collection relating to ships and the collection of navigation charts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1688–1900 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

The holdings of the Maritime Museum include two major collections that partly consist of materials dating from before 1800. Firstly, there is a comprehensive register of Swedish and foreign ships, mainly covering the nineteenth century up to the present, but also occasionally mentioning eighteenth-century vessels. The register lists particulars on the ships, with references to the Maritime Museum collections of articles, newspaper cuttings and books as well as the Museum’s extensive collection of photographs. Secondly, the topographically arranged collection of Swedish and foreign navigation charts mainly dates from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries,

1954

sweden

but also includes some earlier charts as well, such as those of the inlet to Gothenburg from 1776 (no. 11855), the North Sea from 1688, and Sweden and Denmark from 1648 (no. 34948). Accessibility Several inventories.

REGIONAL ARCHIVES IN GOTHENBURG Landsarkivet i Göteborg Gothenburg www.ra.se/gla

Ekman and Company Record group Ekman and Company Ekman och Company Reference code : SE/GLA/10761 Period : 1666–1949 Extent : 305 metres Abstract These archives contain papers of the Göteborg family rm of Ekman & Co, including various types of business documents relating to the rm’s products, such as timber and iron, and accounts from the family’s farms and factories.

regional archives in gothenburg

1955

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1666–1930 : Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, Swedish

Relevant series include the following: • • • • • •

BI: Drafts (Brevkoncept), 1764–1916 (786 volumes). GIa: General ledgers (Huvudböcker), 1729–1930 (100 volumes). GIIIa: Cash books (Kassaböcker), 1734–1930 (153 volumes). GVa: Accounts for Ekman’s vessels (Skeppsräkenskaper), 1780–1872 (18 volumes). GVC: Customs and tolag accounts (Tull- och tolagräkenskaper), 1787– 1851 (10 volumes). HIa: Sibrant Valcks’ accounts, 1666–1676 (1 volume, in Dutch) (Valcks was a tradesman who came to Sweden, probably from the Netherlands, around 1650).

Accessibility Inventory, by J. Edström (1962); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance Ekman & Co dealt in a variety of products, mainly iron, timber, salt, herring and train-oil. Located in Göteborg, a large part of the rm’s trade was conducted with towns and countries along the Atlantic coast, but there were also trading contacts in the Baltic Sea region, especially northern Germany. Peter Ekman acquired Göteborg burgership in 1733. Ekman & Co was founded in 1802. Publications •

Fahlström, J.M., The history of a Gothenburg House of Merchants (Göteborg, 1952).

1956

sweden

Gothenburg Great Sea Toll Chamber Record group Gothenburg Great Sea Toll Chamber Göteborgs stora sjötullkammare Reference code : SE/GLA/12184 Period : 1663–1814 Extent : 1.5 metres Abstract This collection contains the administration of the Gothenburg great sea toll chamber. The material consists mainly of correspondence and records concerning incoming and outgoing goods. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1736–1814 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

Relevant are four items that provide information on incoming and outgoing goods from the port of Gothenburg: • • • •

E: Incoming documents, 1736–1814. G II: Incoming records, 1672–1674 (1 volume). G VIIa: Outgoing documents, 1667–1686 (6 volumes). G VIIb: Ledgers of outgoing goods, 1663–1673 (2 volumes).

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance “Toll chamber” (tullkammaren) was the name of the customs administration in Swedish staple towns and the place where the clearance of incoming and outgoing merchandise was handled. Custodial history When the archives were put up for sale in 1866, some parts were lost.

regional archives in gothenburg

1957

Gothenburg Metal Scale Record group Gothenburg Metal Scale Göteborgs metallvåg Reference code : SE/GLA/12480 Period : 1783–1893 Extent : 97 metres Abstract These records concern the Gothenburg metal scales (Metallvågen), which were used to weigh the metal passing through the town. The papers mention skippers, names of vessels, kinds of cargo (mostly bar iron) and receivers of the cargo in Gothenburg. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1783–1783 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

Only a few records date from before 1800. Of interest is therefore only the series CIa: Båtböcker, books or journals for vessels, dating from 1783, 1802–1891, which include information about iron passing the scale in 1783 (no. CIa:1). Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish) (1966); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se.

Gothenburg Town Court and Administration before 1900 Record group Gothenburg Town Court and Administration before 1900 Göteborgs rådhusrätt och magistrat före 1900

1958 Reference code Period Extent

sweden : SE/GLA/12098 : 1481–1901 : 362 metres

Abstract This record group contains the records concerning the central administration of the town of Gothenburg (Göteborg on the Swedish west coast). It includes minutes from the meetings of the town administration (Magistraten) and proceedings from the town court (Rådhusrätt). The latter consist mainly of legal correspondence, including estate inventories, records related to bankruptcy, and accounts and tax rolls from the late seventeenth century onwards. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1624–1881 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

A few series concern trade and shipping before 1800. The most relevant are the following: Series A I (a, b, f ) consists of the minutes of the town court (Rådhusrättens protokoll), 1624–1837 (A Ia), justice protocols (Justitieprotokoll), 1728–1837 (AIb), and judgements of the town court (AIf Rådhusrättens domar), 1743–1841 (AIf ). These series contain records of civil and criminal proceedings, which include cases concerning trade and shipping, for example regarding prohibited trade. Series B a consists of the outgoing records of the town court and the administration (Rådhusrätten och magistratens registratur), 1658–1881. These contain information concerning all kinds of subjects, including trade, merchants, town planning and harbours. Series B f consists of the records concerning the tonnage and measurements of ships (Skeppsmätningsattester), 1723–1866. These provide information on both Swedish and foreign vessels, and on their skippers. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance The town administration (magistraten), introduced in Sweden and Finland according to German principles in the seventeenth century, was the

regional archives in gothenburg

1959

governing body in towns that had their own jurisdiction. It consisted of a mayor and a council. The town administration also served as the national administrative authority within the town and furthermore functioned as a common court. In this latter capacity it was referred to as rådhusrätt or rådstuvurätt. This form of town administration was abolished in Sweden in 1965; the last rådhusrätt courts disappeared in 1971. Publications •

Almqvist, H., Göteborg stads historia (Göteborg, 1929).

Gothenburg Town Finance Department Record group Gothenburg Town Finance Department Göteborgs drätselkammare Reference code : SE/GLA/12470 Period : 1625–1900 Extent : 91 metres Abstract This collection comprises papers relating to the nances of the town of Gothenburg (Göteborg). The material includes a large quantity of accounting records for various town districts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1651–1864 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

The records of the town nance department contain two series of particular interest with regard to shipping and trade before 1800. Series EVIII includes documents concerning, among other things, harbours, locks and canals in Gothenburg from the period 1651–1864 (volumes 244–257). Series FII consists of the town accounts from the years 1625–1862. These include tolag accounts for scattered years from 1641 onward. Tolagen were charges levied by the towns on foreign goods entering or leaving the staple ports. The tolag records give details regarding Swedish and foreign ships and skippers, as well as their destinations, ports of origin, cargoes and the

1960

sweden

tolag payments. Also included are particulars concerning the merchants and private persons purchasing or ordering the goods. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish). Record creator / provenance Up to 1971 the Gothenburg town nance department was a committee elected by the town council to manage the town’s nances. The importance of this task made the department the town’s de facto governing body. Publications •

Dalhede, C., Tolagjournaler under tidigmodern tid i Göteborg. Källmaterial och möjligheter (Göteborg, 2005).

Gothenburg Trading Association Record group Gothenburg Trading Association Göteborgs handelsförening Reference code : SE/GLA/10573 Period : 1688–1974 Extent : 23 metres Abstract This record group consists of the administration of the Gothenburg Trading Association. The material includes minutes, drafts, diaries, journals, incoming records and accounts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1756–1969 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

regional archives in gothenburg

1961

Three series are of particular relevance to Baltic Sea trade. Series A consists of the minutes of meetings of the association, 1756–1969. Series D II and III contain import and export lists respectively, 1781–1891. These include information on skippers (names), vessels (from Sweden and other countries and ports in the Baltic Sea and beyond), cargoes and ports of origin and destination. Many of the vessels were destined for the Atlantic. Accessibility Inventory; also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance The Gothenburg trading association was founded in 1661 and was originally called Göteborgs handelsgille (Gothenburg trading guild).

Kungälv Customs House Record group Kungälv Customs House Kungälv tullanstalt Reference code : SE/GLA/12232 Period : 1676–1932 Extent : 8 metres Abstract The record group comprises the records of the customs house in Kungälv ( just north of Gothenburg) and includes minutes, journals, correspondence (for example about customs) and accounts. Most of the materials date from the period after 1800. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1762–1871 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

Relevant records dating from the period before 1800 are:

1962 • • •

sweden

BI: Drafts, 1762–1905 (4 volumes). BIIa: Annual reports, 1783–1871 (1 volume). DIIc:1: Passports, 1798–1806 (1 volume).

Accessibility Inventory; also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Custodial history “Customs house” (tullkammaren) was the name of the customs administration in the Swedish staple towns and the place where the clearance of incoming and outgoing merchandise was handled.

Marstrand Town Court and Administration Record group Marstrand Town Court and Administration Marstrands rådhusrätt och magistrat Reference code : SE/GLA/11949 Period : 1442–1952 Extent : 27 metres Abstract This record group consists of the records of the central administration of the town of Marstrand. The material includes minutes of the meetings of the town administration (Magistraten) and proceedings of the town court (Rådhusrätt), which include judgement books, legal correspondence and accounts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1780–1934 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

Relevant with regard to trade and shipping before 1800 are a few series:

regional archives in gothenburg

1963

Series A Ia consists of judgement books and minutes (Domböcker och protokoll), from 1780–1934 (147 volumes). These contain records regarding civil and criminal proceedings. Some of the cases are trade-related. Series A IIIa consists of minutes of council meetings (Magistratsprotokoll), from 1778–1934 (112 volumes). The minutes contain information regarding various subjects concerning the town, such as town planning, harbours, shipyards, trade and merchants. Series B Ia consists of drafts of letters (Brevkoncept), from 1784–1895 (16 volumes). These include maritime declarations. Series E II consists of records regarding the free port of Marstrand (Handlingar rörande Marstrands frihamn), from 1791–1812. These contain documents regarding foreign trade. Accessibility Inventory, by B. Janzon (1981); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance Marstrand, on the Swedish west coast, was founded in the thirteenth century. It came under Swedish rule in 1658 and became a staple town. In 1775 the town was named a free port ( frihamn). The town administration (magistraten), introduced in Sweden and Finland according to German principles in the seventeenth century, was the governing body in towns that had their own jurisdiction. It consisted of a mayor and a council. The town administration also served as the national administrative authority within the town and furthermore functioned as a common court. In this latter capacity it was referred to as rådhusrätt or rådstuvurätt. This form of town administration was abolished in Sweden in 1965; the last rådhusrätt courts disappeared in 1971.

Merchant Johan Glöerfelt Record group Merchant Johan Glöerfelt Handelsmannen Johan Glöerfelt Reference code : SE/GLA/10237 Period : 1719–1737 Extent : 1 volume

1964

sweden

Abstract The archives of the Gothenburg-based merchant Johan Glöerfelt consist only of a commercial daybook. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1719–1737 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

The daybook contains entries about goods, traders and other persons, from Sweden and other countries. Accessibility Inventory; also available online at: www.nad.ra.se.

Sailors’ House in Strömstad Record group Sailors’ House in Strömstad Sjömanshuset i Strömstad Reference code : SE/GLA/12459 Period : 1778–1961 Extent : 14 metres Abstract This record group consists of the administration of the sailors’ house in Strömstad. It includes registers, such as muster and sailors’ rolls, minutes, copies of outgoing letters, other correspondence, and records regarding nances. Most of the material dates from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1778–1813 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

regional archives in gothenburg

1965

Only one series contains records from before 1800. That is series A I, which consists of the minutes of the management of the sailors’ house, dating from 1778–1961 (6 volumes, of which 1 volume covers the period 1778–1813). These minutes may contain information regarding foreign trade and merchants, but mostly concern the provision of relief for poor seamen and sailors’ widows, and the administration of the sailors’ house and its funds. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance Sailors’ houses were founded in order to supply sufcient labour to the merchant marine, create a better control of the hiring system and working conditions, and improve the social security of the mariners. Their duties included: registration of seafarers, providing support for retired sailors and payment of compensation to those whose health had been impaired at sea. Any native shipowner and society of shipowners had to cooperate with a sailors’ house and pay certain charges to it, depending on the capacity of the ship (lästpenningar) and the hire of the crew (sjömanshusavgiften). In 1748, the Swedish government decided to set up the rst Swedish sailors’ house in Stockholm, which all staple towns of the Swedish kingdom were made to join. From the year 1752, staple towns were allowed to organise their own sailors’ houses and in the second part of the eighteenth century many of the staple towns did. The sailors’ house in Strömstad on the Swedish west coast, which had been a staple town since 1683, was founded in 1864. The older records in the collection were therefore probably originaly part of the archives from the Strömstad town court and administration. Custodial history The older section of the collection (from the period 1778–1864) was probably originally part of the archives of the Strömstad town court and administration. Publications •

Revborn, L., Sjömanshus i Väst. Allmänt om sjömanshusen, bakgrund, tillkomst och verksamhet samt en orientering om sjömanshusen i Göteborg och Bohus län och i vänerhamnarna (Karlskrona, 1995).

1966

sweden

Sea Toll Court in Gothenburg Record group Sea Toll Court in Gothenburg Göteborgs sjötullrätt Reference code : SE/GLA/12097 Period : 1708–1872 Extent : 16 metres Abstract The archives consist of minutes, incoming letters and appendices. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1708–1871 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

As the sea toll court was a tribunal for customs proceedings, the archives contain documents relating to customs duties and smuggling, to be found in the judgement books, from the years 1746–1871 (nos. AI: 1–128), and incoming letters, from the years 1740–1827 (nos. E: 1, 2). The appendices, from the period 1708–1825 (nos. F: 1–30) may include memoranda and letters of foreign skippers and sailors and concern ships and their cargoes. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance The sea toll court (Sjötullrätten) was a special tribunal for customs proceedings in staple towns. In 1831 this jurisdiction passed to the district or town court (Rådhusrätten). Copies Copies of proceedings of the sea toll court were sent to the National Board of Trade and are now to be found in the National Board of Trade archives (see under “Related materials”).

regional archives in gothenburg

1967

Related materials •

National Board of Trade (Kommerskollegium, reference code: SE/ RA/420132), Advokatskalen, series D, including copies of the minutes of the sea toll court, 1769–1827 (33 volumes).

Sea Toll Court in Kungälv Record group Sea Toll Court in Kungälv Sjötullrätten i Kungälv Reference code : SE/GLA/11943 Period : 1766–1872 Extent : 7 volumes Abstract The archives consist of the minutes and correspondence of the sea toll court of Kungälv ( just north of Gothenburg). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1766–1831 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

As the sea toll court was a tribunal for customs proceedings, the archives contain documents relating to customs duties and smuggling. The incoming letters (nos. E I:1–3), from the period 1766–1831, may include memoranda and letters of foreign skippers and sailors and concern ships and their cargoes. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance The sea toll court (Sjötullrätten) was a special tribunal for customs proceedings in staple towns. In 1831 this jurisdiction passed to the district or town court (Rådhusrätten).

1968

sweden

Copies Contemporary copies of some of the proceedings of the sea toll court were sent to the Board of Trade and are now to be found in the Board’s archives (see under “Related materials”). Related materials •

National Board of Trade (Kommerskollegium, reference code: SE/ RA/420132), Advokatskalen, series D, including copies of the minutes of the sea toll court, 1764–1827 (2 volumes).

Strömstad Customs House Record group Strömstad Customs House Strömstads sjötullkammare Reference code : SE/GLA/12065 Period : 1721–1890 Extent : 10 volumes Abstract This record group consists of the administration of the Strömstad customs house. It contains records about vessels and sailors, tolagjournaler and accounts, mainly from the nineteenth century. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1795–1881 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

There is only one series with records from before 1800, referred to as F, which includes documents concerning vessels, cargoes and crews, dating from 1795–1881 (2 volumes). Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se.

regional archives in gothenburg

1969

Record creator / provenance Tullkammaren (customs house) was the name used for the customs administration in Swedish staple towns, and the place where the clearance of incoming and outgoing merchandise was handled. Strömstad became a staple town in 1683.

Strömstad Town Court and Administration Record group Strömstad Town Court and Administration Strömstads rådhusrätt och magistrat Reference code : SE/GLA/11953 Period : 1667–1966 Extent : 43 metres Abstract This record group consists of the records of the central administration of the coastal town of Strömstad. It contains minutes of meetings of the town administration (magistraten) and proceedings of the town court (rådhusrätt), which consist mainly of judgement books, legal correspondence and accounts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1681–1943 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

Relevant with regard to trade are the following series: Series A Iaa consists of the minutes and judgements books of the town court (Rådhusrättens protokoll och domböcker), dating from 1681–1943 (195 volumes). These contain records of civil and criminal proceedings. Some of the cases are trade-related. Series A V consists of the minutes of the council meetings (Magistratsprotokoll), dating from 1765–1943 (57 volumes). These contain information about various subjects concerning the town, such as town planning, harbours, shipyards, trade and merchants.

1970

sweden

Series D XIa consists of passports and journals of travellers (Pass och förpassningsjournaler), dating from 1748–1796. These contain information regarding travellers, both from Sweden and abroad, passing through Strömstad. Series F XVIa: 3, 4 are records of various kinds concerning trade and shipping, dating from 1672–1720. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), (1972); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance Strömstad, on the Swedish west coast near the Norwegian border, was founded in 1667. It received town privileges in 1676 and became a staple town in 1683. The town administration (magistraten), introduced in Sweden and Finland according to German principles in the seventeenth century, was the governing body in towns that had their own jurisdiction. It consisted of a mayor and a council. The town administration also served as the national administrative authority within the town and furthermore functioned as a common court. In this latter capacity it was referred to as rådhusrätt or rådstuvurätt. This form of town administration was abolished in Sweden in 1965; the last rådhusrätt courts disappeared in 1971. Copies Contemporary copies of some of the town court judgements books were sent to the Göta court of appeal (Göta hovrätt) in Jönköping. Copies of the minutes of the town court were sent to the National Board of Trade (see under “Related materials”). Related materials •

•

National Board of Trade (Kommerskollegium, reference code: SE/ RA/420132): Advokatskalen, series D, comprising contemporary copies of some of the minutes of the Strömstad town court (1769–1841). Göta Court of Appeal (Göta hovrätt), Jönköping; including contemporary copies of some of the judgement books of the Strömstad town court; see also www.gotahovratt.dom.se/arkiv.

regional archives in gothenburg

1971

Uddevalla Town Court and Administration Record group Uddevalla Town Court and Administration Uddevalla rådhusrätt och magistrat Reference code : SE/GLA/11954 Period : 1451–1970 Extent : 158 metres Abstract This record group consists of records concerning the central administration of the coastal town of Uddevalla. It includes minutes of the meetings of the town administration (magistraten) and the town court (rådhusrätt). The records consist mainly of judgement books, legal correspondence and accounts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1658–1948 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

Relevant with regard to trade are three series: Series A Ia consists of the minutes of the town court (Rådhusrättsprotokoll), dating from 1658–1948, which contain records of civil and criminal proceedings including trade-related cases, and minutes of meetings of the town council (Magistratsprotokoll), from 1724–1897 (236 volumes). The latter contain information about various subjects concerning the town, such as town planning, harbours, shipyards, trade and merchants. Series F XVIb consists of records concerning shipping (Sjöfartshandlingar), dating from 1775–1958 (16 volumes). Series F XVIb: 1 are tolagjournaler (tolag daybooks), from 1790– 1798. These provide information concerning skippers, ships, cargoes and destinations. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se.

1972

sweden

Record creator / provenance Uddevalla, on the Swedish west coast, was founded in 1496. It became Swedish in 1658 and a staple town with full rights in 1719 (it had had limited staple rights since 1683). The town administration (magistraten), introduced in Sweden and Finland according to German principles in the seventeenth century, was the governing body in towns that had their own jurisdiction. It consisted of a mayor and a council. The town administration also served as the national administrative authority within the town and furthermore functioned as a common court. In this latter capacity it was referred to as rådhusrätt or rådstuvurätt. This form of town administration was abolished in Sweden in 1965; the last rådhusrätt courts disappeared in 1971. Copies Contemporary copies of some of the town court judgement books were sent to the Göta court of appeal (Göta hovrätt). Copies of the minutes of the town court were sent to the National Board of Trade (see under “Related materials”). Related materials •

•

National Board of Trade (Kommerskollegium, reference code: SE/ RA/420132): Advokatskalen, series D; comprising contemporary copies of some of the minutes of the Uddevalla town court (1772–1845). Göta Court of Appeal (Göta hovrätt), Jönköping; including contemporary copies of some of the judgement books of the Uddevalla town court (see also: www.gotahovratt.dom.se/arkiv).

regional archives in härnösand

1973

REGIONAL ARCHIVES IN HÄRNÖSAND Landsarkivet i Härnösand Härnösand www.ra.se/hla

Gävle Town. Town Court and Town Administration Archives Record group Gävle Town. Town Court and Town Administration Archives Gävle stad. Rådhusrättens och magistratens arkiv Reference code : SE/HLA/1050003 Period : 1463–1970 Extent : 444 metres Abstract This record group contains documents concerning the central administration of the coastal town of Gävle (north of Stockholm) between 1463 and 1970. It includes minutes of the town administration (Magistraten) meetings and town court (Rådhusrätt) proceedings from 1610 onwards, consisting mainly of legal correspondence (from the sixteenth century onwards) and accounts (mostly from the mid-eighteenth century onwards). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1573–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Swedish

The most relevant series with regard to Baltic Sea trade are the following: Series AIa: Tänkeböcker This series consists of books kept by town authorities around the Baltic Sea during the late Middle Ages and in some cases even later. For the period

1974

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1573–1616, the Tänkeböcker of Gävle chiey deal with the purchase of private estates, but from about 1631 onward there is also information about, for example, iron trade. Series AIb: Domböcker This series comprises judgements books and minutes from the town court for the period 1610–1850, which contain records of civil and criminal proceedings. Some of the cases deal with trade-related subjects. Series AIb and AIV: Magistratens allmänna protokoll m.. handlingar 1610–1970 These records consist of the minutes of council meetings and contain information about all kinds of subjects, for example town planning, harbours and shipyards, trade and merchants. (For the period 1610–1738, these records are bound together with the minutes from the town court, series AIb). Accessibility Inventory in Swedish by M. Zetterström (2004); also available in the Swedish National Archives database: www.nad.ra.se (reference code: SE/ HLA/1050003). Record creator / provenance Gävle (180 km north of Stockholm) received its charter in 1446 and acquired staple rights in 1491. In the mid-sixteenth century it was one of Sweden’s main seaports for foreign trade in iron, cattle products and timber goods. The introduction of the Bothnian Staple Order (Bottniska handelstvånget) in 1636 meant that towns in Norrland (north of Gävle) and Finland were not permitted to dispatch ships further south than Stockholm. Gävle was not allowed to receive foreign ships but was entitled to conduct foreign trade with its own vessels, which, however, had to pass through Stockholm. The town regained full staple rights in 1673, with the result that its economic growth continued in the eighteenth century. From the 1780s onwards it also had an important shipbuilding industry. The town administration (Magistraten), introduced in Sweden and Finland according to German principles in the seventeenth century, was the governing body in towns that had their own jurisdiction. It consisted of a mayor and a council. The town administration also served as the national administrative authority within the town and furthermore functioned as a common court. In this latter capacity it was referred to as rådhusrätt or rådstuvurätt. This from of town administration was abolished in Sweden in 1965; the last rådhusrätt courts disappeared in 1971.

regional archives in härnösand

1975

Copies The Tänkeböcker in the series A1a:1 (1573–1659) are published in Gävle stads tänkebok (Uppsala, 1956). Contemporary copies of the Judgements books of the town court (series AIb) were sent to Svea Court of Appeal in Stockholm and are now at the National Archives. These copies have been microlmed for the years 1635–1702. Publications •

Elfstrand, Percy (ed.), Gävle stads tänkebok (Uppsala, 1956).

Gävle’s Sailors’ House Record group Gävle’s Sailors’ House Sjömanshusets i Gävle Reference code : SE/HLA/1170001 Period : 1749–1977 Extent : 46 metres Abstract The archives include registers (such as muster rolls and crew registers), minutes, copies of letters, correspondence and records regarding nances. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1754–1961 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Besides the minutes and correspondence, other records may contain information about, for example, foreign trade, salesmen and cargoes (from 1754 and onwards). There are three series that are especially relevant with regard to trade and shipping in the period 1754–1800:

1976

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D Iaa, 1–5: Mönstringsrullor (muster rolls), 1754–1805. These rolls list the name and cargo capacity of ships; the name of shipmasters; name, birth place, age, marital status and wage of petty ofcers and crew; and ports of origin and destination. Both Swedish and foreign vessels are registered. D Iba, 1–3: Matriklar (crew registers) 1754–1801. These registers list the names of seamen belonging to the sailors’ house, their position on board, age, marital status, place of domicile, place of birth, period of service and particulars concerning ports of origin and destination around the Baltic Sea. Most of the sailors were Swedes, but foreigners working on Swedish ships may also occur. D II, 1: Fartygsregister (register of ships), 1754–1925. The register holds information about the history of ships belonging to Gävle, with information about for example shipmaster, ship type and crew, as well as cases in which ships were sold, dismantled or wrecked. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by K. Niklasson (1976); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se (reference code: SE/HLA/1170001). The register and inventories of seamen from the sailors’ house in Gävle in the period from 1874 are available in a database named Sjömansdatabas (Seamen’s database) at www.svar.ra.se. The researcher needs to pay a subscription charge for access to the database. It is also available on CD-rom (see under “Publications”). Record creator / provenance Sailors’ houses were founded in order to supply sufcient labour to the merchant marine, to create a better control of the hiring system and working conditions, and to improve the social security of the mariners. Its duties included: registration of seafarers, providing support for retired sailors and payment of compensation to those whose health had been impaired at sea. Any native shipowner and rm of shipowners had to cooperate with a sailors’ house and pay certain charges to it, depending on the capacity of the ship (lästpenningar) and the hire of the crew (sjömanshusavgiften). In 1748, the Swedish government decided to set up the rst Swedish sailors’ house in Stockholm, which all staple towns of the Swedish kingdom had to join. From the year 1752 onward, staple towns were allowed to have their own sailors’ houses and in the second part of the eighteenth century many of the staple towns organised their own sailors’ houses. The sailors’ house in Gävle was founded 1754.

regional archives in härnösand

1977

Gävle (on the coast north of Stockholm) became a staple town in 1491, but because of the trade ordinance of 1636 (called Bottniska handelstvånget) that restricted foreign trade to certain staple towns (excluding the northern parts of Sweden and Finland), Gävle was not allowed to receive foreign ships until 1673. In that year the town became a full staple town again. Publications • • •

Revborn, Lennart, Sjömanshus i nord (Stockholm, 1998). Sjöfolk, “Sjömanshusdatabas” (Sollefteå, 2003); on CD-rom. Tullverket 1636–1986: en Jubileumsbok (Stockholm, 1986); including an English summary.

Härnösand Town. Town Court and Town Administration Archives Record group Härnösand Town. Town Court and Town Administration Archives Härnösands stad. Rådhusrättens och magistratens arkiv Reference code : SE/HLA/1050019 Period : 1584–1964 Extent : 220 metres Abstract This record group contains documents concerning the central administration of the coastal town of Härnösand (north of Stockholm). It includes minutes of town administration (Magistraten) meetings over the period 1788–1957 and the town court (Rådhusrätt) proceedings for the years 1675–1910, consisting mainly of legal correspondence, for example: estate inventories (1709–1910), records related to bankruptcy (1750–1912) and accounts and tax rolls from the late seventeenth century onwards. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1635–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Swedish

1978

sweden

The most relevant series with regard to Baltic Sea trade are the following: Series AI: Domböcker och protokoll This series consists of judgements books and minutes of the town court over the period 1635–1910, which contain records of civil and criminal proceedings. Some of the cases dealing with subjects related to trade and shipping, for example prohibited trade. Series AIII: Magistratens protokoll These records comprise minutes of council meetings over the years 1788– 1964. They contain information about all kinds of subjects, for example merchants and trade, town planning and harbours. Series FII: Rådhusrätten och magistratens inneliggande handlingar This series conists of town court and council les from the period 1680–1899, some of which deal with trade, shipping and merchants. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish) (1987); also available online at the Swedish National Archives database: www.nad.ra.se (reference code: SE/HLA/1050019). Record creator / provenance Härnösand was founded in 1585. Its favourable location, which included a good harbour, lent itself to the export of timber goods, iron and cattle products. The town grew during the seventeenth century until the introduction in 1636 of the Bothnian Staple Order (Bottniska handelstvånget) in Sweden. This meant that towns in Norrland (north of Gävle) and Finland (at that time part of Sweden) were not permitted to dispatch ships further south than Stockholm. Härnösand was thus deprived of its foreign trading rights until 1765, when it recovered the right to conduct foreign trade with its own ships. The town was not allowed to receive foreign ships until 1812. The town administration (Magistraten), introduced in Sweden and Finland according to German principles in the seventeenth century, was the governing body in towns that had their own jurisdiction. It consisted of a mayor and a council. The town administration also served as the national administrative authority within the town and furthermore functioned as a common court. In this latter capacity it was referred to as rådhusrätt or rådstuvurätt. This from of town administration was abolished in Sweden in 1965; the last rådhusrätt courts disappeared in 1971.

regional archives in härnösand

1979

Copies The judgement books (series AI) for the years 1635–1697 are available on microches. Related materials • •

Härnösand’s Sailors’ House (Sjömanshusets i Härnösand, reference code: SE/HLA/1170004). National Archives: Svea Court of Appeal (Svea hovrätt, reference code: SE/RA/420422); including contemporary copies of the judgement books and minutes.

Härnösand’s Sailors’ House Record group Härnösand’s Sailors’ House Sjömanshusets i Härnösand Reference code : SE/HLA/1170004 Period : 1774–1964 Extent : 24 metres Abstract The archives include registers (such as muster and sailors’ rolls), minutes, copies of letters, correspondence and papers regarding nances. Most of the records date from the twentieth century. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1774–1884 : Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Sweden : Swedish

Two series are relevant with regard to the Baltic Sea trade: E III, 1–3: Sjömansrullor (sailors’ rolls), 1774–1804. These registers list the seamen’s name, position on board, age, marital status, place of domicile, place of birth, period of service, type of ship and particulars concerning ports of origin and destination. For the period 1774–1800 most of the

1980

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destinations mentioned are in Sweden and Finland, but there are also some ships sailing to Riga and Reval (Tallinn). F I, 1: Skeppsmätningsattester (measurement records of ships’ tonnage), 1779–1848. These records deal with the tonnage of Swedish ships. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by K. Niklasson (1976); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se (reference code: SE/HLA/1170004). The information in the sailors’ rolls is available in a database named Sjömansdatabas (Seamen’s database) at: www.svar.ra.se. The researcher needs to pay a subscription charge for access to the database. It is also available on CD-rom (see under “Publications”). Record creator / provenance Sailors’ houses were founded in order to supply sufcient labour to the merchant marine, to create a better control of the hiring system and working conditions, and to improve the social security of the mariners. Its duties included: registration of seafarers, providing support for retired sailors and payment of compensation to those whose health had been impaired at sea. Any native shipowner and rm of shipowners had to cooperate with a sailors’ house and pay certain charges to it, depending on the capacity of the ship (lästpenningar) and the hire of the crew (sjömanshusavgiften). In 1748, the Swedish government decided to set up the rst Swedish sailors’ house in Stockholm, which all staple towns of the Swedish kingdom had to join. From the year 1752 onward, staple towns were allowed to have their own sailors’ houses and in the second part of the eighteenth century many of the staple towns organised their own sailors’ houses. Härnösand (on the coast north of Stockholm) became a staple town in 1765, but it had already been a staple town before the trade ordinance of 1636 (called Bottniska handelstvånget) that restricted foreign trade to certain staple towns (excluding the northern parts of Sweden and Finland). Härnösand’s sailors’ house was probably founded in 1783. Custodial history As the sailors’ house was founded in 1783, the documents dating from the period 1774–1782 probably originate from the town council of Härnösand.

göta court of appeal

1981

Related materials •

Härnösand Town. Town Court and Town Administration Archives (Härnösands stad. Rådhusrättens och magistratens arkiv, reference code: SE/HLA/1050019).

Publications • • • •

Dahlgren, Erik, “Härnösands sjömanshus arkiv”, in: Arkivvetenskapliga studier, 2 (Uppsala, 1954), pp. 43–59. Revborn, Lennart, Sjömanshus i nord (Stockholm, 1998). Sjöfolk, “Sjömanshusdatabas” (Sollefteå, 2003); on CD-rom. Tullverket 1636–1986: en Jubileumsbok (Stockholm, 1986); including an English summary.

GÖTA COURT OF APPEAL Göta Hovrätt Jönköping www.gotahovratt.dom.se/arkiv/index.htm

Göta Court of Appeal Record group Göta Court of Appeal Göta hovrätt Reference code : not applicable Period : 1590–1947 Extent : 6000 metres

1982

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Abstract This collection comprises the administration of the Göta court of appeal. The main part of the collection contains records relating to its decisions, which consist of proceedings, judgement books and series of decisions and verdicts. The material also includes estate inventories of the nobility with regard to the western and southern parts of Sweden. The records of the judge advocate of the court include, for example, documents from the hundred courts and (town) districts courts in western and southern parts of Sweden. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1590–1947 : Estonia, Finland, Sweden, various countries : Swedish

COURT OF APPEAL In the judgements of the Göta court of appeal, information concerning trade (such as smuggling, illicit trade and legal disputes between merchants) can be found. The material also includes les pertaining to the judgements and decisions of the court, for example in the following series: • • •

A: Protokoll (minutes, several series). B: Registratur (copies of outgoing letters). EVI: Rättegångsakter (case les, several series).

JUDGE ADVOCATE (ADVOKATFISKALEN ) These records contain neat copies of judgement books, for example from district courts in the towns and hundred courts in the countryside, and therefore from all coastal towns within the jurisdiction of the Göta court of appeal. The town district courts dealt with every possible issue in the towns, such as illicit trading, bankruptcies, civil actions between merchants concerning prices and payments, imports and exports, and wrecked ships and their cargoes. The town district courts were also allowed to deal with criminal cases involving foreigners. Before the sea toll courts were established in the staple towns in 1690, the court of appeal also had cognizance of customs cases (involving smuggling, for instance). Judgement books are extant from the following staple towns (which all received staple rights before 1800): Kalmar, Karlshamn, Karlskrona, Kristianstad, Falkenberg, Gothenburg (Göteborg), Halmstad, Helsingborg, Jönköping, Kungälv, Land-

göta court of appeal

1983

skrona, Malmö, Norrköping, Strömstad, Söderköping, Uddevalla, Västervik and Ystad. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available at the National Archives of Sweden. Record creator / provenance The Göta court of appeal was founded in Jönköping in 1634. The rst court of appeal in Sweden was the Svea court of appeal, which had been established in Stockholm in 1614. Its location, close to the seat of central power, provided it with a special standing among the courts of appeal that were established in the kingdom of Sweden during the seventeenth century: Turku (Åbo) in 1623, Tartu (Dorpat) in 1630, and Jönköping. The Göta court of appeal’s jurisdiction comprised the southern and western parts of present-day Sweden. The court of appeal was the second highest judicial instance, behind the Justitierevisionen (the king and Privy Council) during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and the Supreme Court from 1789 onwards. It was mainly concerned with the review of decisions passed by the local courts (hundred courts and the town district courts). In addition, it was the court of rst instance for certain criminal cases and for certain types of proceedings involving the nobility (until 1916) and certain ofcers of state. In 1595 it was decreed that the judgement books (the proceedings of the hundred and district courts) were to be submitted to the king and council for scrutiny. This task was taken over by the court of appeal in 1614, which explains why copies of these judgement books are included in the archives of the court of appeal. Custodial history The collection suffered losses as a result of weeding in the mid-nineteenth century. Some of its papers can be found in various subject collections at the National Archives. Publications •

Benz, G., Göta hovrätt genom seklerna (Stockholm, 1935).

1984

sweden

REGIONAL ARCHIVES IN LUND Landsarkivet i Lund Lund www.ra.se/lla

Administration of the Governor-General of Scania Record group Administration of the Governor-General of Scania Skånska generalguvernementet Reference code : SE/LLA/10879, SE/LLA/10880 Period : 1653–1693 Extent : 19 metres Abstract The adminstration of the Governor-General of Scania (Skåne) comprises two sections: rst, the archives of the Governor-General’s Ofce (Skånska generalguvernementskontoret) and the Provincial Counting House (Landsbokhålleriet), which dealt mainly with nancial matters (tax collection especially); and second, the Chancery of the Governor-General of Scania (Skånska generalguvernementskansliet), which handled other business (e.g. judicial and military affairs). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1653–1693 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands : High German, Low German, Swedish

Among the records of the Chancery of the Governor-General of Scania (Skånska generalguvernementskansliet, reference code: SE/LLA/10879), the following series are relevant:

regional archives in lund •

•

1985

DIIId: Letters from mayors and councils of Swedish and German towns, e.g. Lübeck, Stralsund and Hamburg, many of them relating to trade and shipping, 1653–1693 (22 volumes). DIIIh: Letters from Swedish diplomats in, for example, Copenhagen and The Hague, 1658–1693 (9 volumes).

The records of the Governor-General’s Ofce and the Provincial Counting House (Skånska generalguvernementskontoret and Landsbokhålleriet, reference code: SE/LLA/10880) contain particulars on tax collection from households in the Scania region and therefore do not include documents directly concerning foreign trade. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), A. Erlandsson (1966); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance The office of the Skåne Governor-General functioned as the regional authority of the area of Scania (Skåne, Sweden’s deep south). It was set up immediately upon Sweden’s conquest of Skåne and Blekinge from Denmark in 1658. The conquered provinces were not immediately given a civil county administration along Swedish lines. Instead, a military administration was created, headed by a Governor-General with extraordinary powers. A similar model was employed in other conquered provinces, e.g. the Baltic territories. The Skåne Governor-Generalship impinged on many elds, e.g. real estate, taxes, administration of justice and communications. One of its standing tasks was the procurement of supplies for the armed forces from the sorely tried civilian population. The division of the administration of the Skåne Governor-Generalship into two sections (the archives of the Chancery and the Ofce) reects the established practice for Swedish county administration, where the two ofces were respectively termed landskansli and landskontor. Publications •

Erlandsson, A., Det skånska generalguvernementet 1658–1693 och dess arkiv (Lund, 1967), with a German summary.

1986

sweden

Falkenberg Town Archives Record group Falkenberg Town Archives Falkenbergs stadsarkiv Reference code : SE/LLA/10086 Period : 1570–1937 Extent : 46 metres Abstract These archives comprise documents of the central administration of the town of Falkenberg. They contain the minutes of the town administration (Magistraten) meetings and town court (Rådhusrätt) proceedings, with judgement books, legal correspondence and accounts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1658–1937 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

Relevant series include the following: A Ia: Domböcker (judgements books), 1658–1900 (120 volumes). This series comprises judgements books and minutes from the town court, which contain records of civil and criminal proceedings. Some of the cases deal with trade-related subjects. A III: Magistratsprotokoll (minutes of council meetings), 1747–1929 (40 volumes). The minutes contain information about all kinds of subjects relating to the town, for example town planning, harbours and shipyards, trade and merchants. F I: Inneliggande handlingar (enclosed records), 1662–1937 (74 volumes). The series comprises records enclosed in the town court judgement books and minutes with information about all kinds of subjects, including trade, smuggling and shipping.

regional archives in lund

1987

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by S. Johansson (1976), and H. Bergstrand and A.-B. Lövgren (1985); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance The town of Falkenberg (between Göteborg and Helsingborg) received its rst charter in 1307. It lost its staple town rights in 1660, after becoming Swedish, but recovered its foreign shipping rights in 1676. The latter were restricted in 1689, when the Falkenberg sailing barges were made to enter the Halmstad roads for customs clearance. The town lost its staple rights again in 1724, and this time did not regain them until 1866. The town administration (Magistraten), introduced in Sweden and Finland according to German principles in the seventeenth century, was the governing body in towns that had their own jurisdiction. It consisted of a mayor and a council. The town administration also served as the national administrative authority within the town and furthermore functioned as a common court. In this latter capacity it was referred to as rådhusrätt or rådstuvurätt. This from of town administration was abolished in Sweden in 1965; the last rådhusrätt courts disappeared in 1971. Related materials •

•

National Board of Trade (Kommerskollegium, reference code: SE/ RA/420132), Advokatskalen, series D, comprising copies of the Falkenberg town court minutes (1743–1846). Göta Court of Appeal (Göta hovrätt) in Jönköping, comprising copies of Falkenberg town court judgement books and minutes (see: www. gotahovratt.dom.se/arkiv).

Publications •

Landsarkivet i Lund, Vol. 1: Domstolarnas, städernas och fångvårdsanstalternas arkiv i Skåne, Halland och Blekinge (Lund, 1987).

Halmstad Town Archives Record group Halmstad Town Archives Halmstads stadsarkiv

1988 Reference code Period Extent

sweden : SE/LLA/10089 : 1307–1970 : 195 metres

Abstract The archives contain documents concerning the central administration of the town of Halmstad from around 1820 onward. It includes minutes of the meetings of the town administration (Magistraten) and proceedings of the town court (Rådhusrätt), consisting mainly of minutes, judgement books, legal correspondence and accounts. There are only a few older documents, mostly charters and copies of charters. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1643–1847 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

Because of a re in the town hall in Halmstad in 1880, only a few records are left from the period before 1820. Fortunately, contemporary copies of the judgements books and the minutes of the town court and the minutes of the Sea Toll court were sent to other authorities from the seventeenth century onward. Those copies contain information about for example foreign trade and smuggling: see under “Custodial history” and “Related materials”. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by L. Johansson (1978); also available at: www. nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance Halmstad, on the Swedish west coast, was founded in the fourteenth century. The town came under Swedish rue in 1645 and became a staple town 1646. The town administration (Magistraten), introduced in Sweden and Finland according to German principles in the seventeenth century, was the governing body in towns that had their own jurisdiction. It consisted of a mayor and a council. The town administration also served as the national administrative authority within the town and furthermore functioned as a common court. In this latter capacity it was referred to as rådhusrätt or rådstuvurätt. This from of town administration was abolished in Sweden in 1965; the last rådhusrätt courts disappeared in 1971.

regional archives in lund

1989

Custodial history Because of a re in the town hall in Halmstad 1880 only a few records are left from the period before 1820, but contemporary copies of the town court judgements books were sent to the Göta Court of Appeal (Göta hovrätt) and copies of the minutes from the town court and the minutes from the sea toll court were sent to the National Board of Trade (see under “Related materials”). Copies Contemporary copies of the town court judgements books were sent to the Göta court of appeal (Göta hovrätt) and copies of the minutes of the town court and the sea toll court were sent to National Board of Trade (see under “Related materials”). Related materials •

•

National Board of Trade (Kommerskollegium, reference code: SE/ RA/420132): Advokatskalen, series D, comprising copies of the minutes of the Halmstad town court (1772–1847) and the sea toll court (1691–1827). Göta Court of Appeal (Göta hovrätt), in Jönköping, comprising copies of the judgement books of the Halmstad town court (1643–1655, 1668– 1819); see: www.gotahovratt.dom.se/arkiv.

Publications •

Landsarkivet i Lund, Vol. 1, Domstolarnas, städernas och fångvårdsanstalternas arkiv i Skåne, Halland och Blekinge (Lund, 1987).

Helsingborg Town Archives Record group Helsingborg Town Archives Helsingborgs stadsarkiv Reference code : SE/LLA/10092, SE/LLA/10103 Period : 1621–1970 Extent : 346 metres

1990

sweden

Abstract These archives comprise documents of the central administration of the town of Helsingborg. They contain the minutes of the town administration / Council (Magistraten) meetings and town court (Rådhusrätt) proceedings, with judgement books, legal correspondence and accounts. The archives also include records from other institutions, for example the sea toll court (Sjötullrätten, see also reference code SE/LLA/10103). Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1677–1970 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Relevant series are to be found both among the records of the town institutions and the sea toll court. TOWN COURT AND TOWN ADMINISTRATION / COUNCIL A I: Domböcker ( judgement books), 1682–1849 (145 volumes). This series comprises judgements books and minutes from the town court, which contain records of civil and criminal proceedings. Some of the cases deal with trade-related subjects. The series also includes journals of Swedish travellers passing through Helsingborg with information about their destinations (Copenhagen or Helsingør), dating from 1764 (A I:7), 1768 (A I:10) and 1784 (A I:85), and an inventory of ship’s passports for Swedish ships sailing abroad, 1784 (A I:85). A III: Magistratsprotokoll (minutes of council meetings), 1742–1900 (37 volumes). The minutes contain information about all kinds of subjects relating to the town, for example town planning, harbours and shipyards, trade and merchants. F I: Inneliggande handlingar till rådhusrättens protokoll (enclosed records in the town court minutes), 1677–1850 (159 volumes). The series comprises records enclosed in the town court minutes, for example incoming letters for the proceedings. F IIa: Bouppteckningar (estate inventories), 310 volumes (1661–1970), & F IVa: Konkursakter (records of bankruptcy), 405 volumes (1704–1934).

regional archives in lund

1991

These inventories of deceased persons’ estates and bankruptcy records shed light on the burghers’ lives and their properties, for example ships and shares of ships, as well as their houses, building lots, chattels, cash funds and outstanding debts and liabilities. SEA TOLL COURT The archives of the sea toll court (Sjötullrätten), a special tribunal for customs proceedings, contain documents relating to customs duties and smuggling. The appendices (such as memoranda and letters) to the records of the proceedings may include particulars on foreign skippers and seamen and the ships and their cargoes, 1708–1825 (6 volumes). Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by A.C. Meurling (1965), and A.-B. Lövgren (1973–1974); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance Helsingborg is rst mentioned in sources dating from 1070. The town was annexed by the Swedes (from the Danes) in 1658 and became a staple town around 1660. The town administration (Magistraten), introduced in Sweden and Finland according to German principles in the seventeenth century, was the governing body in towns that had their own jurisdiction. It consisted of a mayor and a council. The town administration also served as the national administrative authority within the town and furthermore functioned as a common court. In this latter capacity it was referred to as rådhusrätt or rådstuvurätt. This from of town administration was abolished in Sweden in 1965; the last rådhusrätt courts disappeared in 1971. Custodial history Much of the seventeenth-century materials from the archives of the town court and council is missing. Parts of the archives have been badly damaged by damp, especially documents from the mid-eighteenth century. Copies Contemporary copies of the town court’s judgement books were sent to the Göta Court of Appeal (Göta hovrätt), while copies of the minutes of the town court and the sea toll court were sent to the National Board of Trade (Kommerskollegium) (see under “Related materials”).

1992

sweden

Related materials •

•

National Board of Trade (Kommerskollegium, reference code: SE/RA/ 420132), Advokatskalen, series D, comprising copies of the Helsingborg town court minutes (1787–1847), and the minutes of the sea toll court (1731–1815). Göta Court of Appeal (Göta hovrätt) in Jönköping, comprising copies of Helsingborg town court judgement books and minutes (see: www. gotahovratt.dom.se/arkiv).

Publications • •

Helsingborgs historia, 7 Vols. (Helsingborg, 1925–2005). Landsarkivet i Lund, Vol. 1: Domstolarnas, städernas och fångvårdsanstalternas arkiv i Skåne, Halland och Blekinge (Lund, 1987).

Karlshamn Customs House Record group Karlshamn Customs House Karlshamns tullkammare Reference code : SE/LLA/10957 Period : 1678–1925 Extent : 20 metres Abstract Most of the materials date from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and consist of, for example, minutes, journals (e.g. registers of shipping and goods), correspondence, and records about customs and accounts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1727–1925 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

Relevant series include the following: • •

C I: Diaries of incoming records, 1718–1790 (1 volume). E I: Incoming records, for example including papers from skippers and tradesmen about goods and customs, with information on the merchant

regional archives in lund

•

1993

marine of Karlshamn and foreign and domestic trade, 1678–1925 (136 volumes). G II: Incoming journals, with information about incoming goods at the customs house, a journal from 1770 concerning conscated goods and foreigners passing or travelling to Karlshamn, 1727–1925 (44 volumes, two of which date from 1727–1731 and 1770).

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by A. Johnson (1966), S. Sjölin (1972) and J. Brunius (1976); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance “Customs house” (tullkammaren) was the name of the customs administration in Swedish staple towns and the place where the clearance of incoming and outgoing merchandise was handled. The Danish village and port of Bodekull became Swedish when Sweden won the South provinces Skåne (Scania), Halland and Blekinge from Denmark in 1658. In 1664, it was given town privileges and a shipyard and became a staple town. At that time it was also renamed Karlshamn (Karl’s harbour) after King Karl X Gustav of Sweden.

Karlshamn Town Archives Record group Karlshamn Town Archives Karlshamns stadsarkiv Reference code : SE/LLA/10105 Period : 1621–1970 Extent : 122 metres Abstract These archives comprise documents of the central administration of the town of Karlshamn. They contain the minutes of the town administration (Magistraten) meetings and town court (Rådhusrätt) proceedings, with judgement books, legal correspondence and accounts. The archives also include records from other institutions, for example the sea toll court (Sjötullrätten, see also reference code SE/LLA/10109) from the period 1808–1831.

1994

sweden

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1664–1949 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

Relevant series include the following: A Ia: Domböcker ( judgement books), 1665–1848 (145 volumes). This series comprises judgement books and minutes from the town court, which contain records of civil and criminal proceedings. Some of the cases deal with trade-related subjects. A IIIa: Magistratsprotokoll (minutes of council meetings), 1777–1949 (169 volumes). The minutes contain information about all kinds of subjects relating to the town, for example town planning, harbours and shipyards, trade and merchants. F Ia: Inneliggande handlingar till domböcker och protokoll (enclosed records in the town court judgement books and minutes), 1664–1848 (232 volumes). The series comprises records enclosed in the town court proceedings. G IIb: Skeppshandlingar (ship’s papers), 1788–1893 (22 volumes). This series consists of ship’s papers for Swedish vessels. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by L. Johansson (1974); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance The Danish village and port of Bodekull became Swedish when Sweden won the southern provinces of Skåne (Scania), Halland and Blekinge from Denmark in 1658. In 1664 the port was given town privileges and a shipyard and became a staple town; the town was also named Karlshamn (Karl’s harbour) after King Karl X Gustav of Sweden. The town administration (Magistraten), introduced in Sweden and Finland according to German principles in the seventeenth century, was the governing body in towns that had their own jurisdiction. It consisted of a mayor and a council. The town administration also served as the national

regional archives in lund

1995

administrative authority within the town and furthermore functioned as a common court. In this latter capacity it was referred to as rådhusrätt or rådstuvurätt. This from of town administration was abolished in Sweden in 1965; the last rådhusrätt courts disappeared in 1971. Copies Contemporary copies of the town court’s judgement books were sent to the Göta Court of Appeal (Göta hovrätt), while copies of the minutes of the town court and the sea toll court were sent to the National Board of Trade (Kommerskollegium) (see under “Related materials”). Related materials •

•

National Board of Trade (Kommerskollegium, reference code: SE/RA/ 420132), Advokatskalen, series D, comprising copies of the Karlshamn town court minutes (1776–1847) and the minutes of the sea toll court (1730–1827). Göta Court of Appeal (Göta hovrätt) in Jönköping, comprising copies of Helsingborg town court judgement books and minutes (see: www. gotahovratt.dom.se/arkiv).

Publications • •

Landsarkivet i Lund, Vol. 1: Domstolarnas, städernas och fångvårdsanstalternas arkiv i Skåne, Halland och Blekinge (Lund, 1987). Rosengren, H., and G. Samuelsson, Karlshamns historia (Karlshamn, 1980).

Karlskrona Customs House Record group Karlskrona Customs House Karlskrona tullkammare Reference code : SE/LLA/10959 Period : 1768–1925 Extent : 433 volumes

1996

sweden

Abstract Most of the materials in these archives date from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and consist for example of minutes, journals (e.g. registers of shipping or goods), correspondence and records concerning customs and accounts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1768–1921 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

Relevant is the series E, which comprises incoming records, with registers, from the period 1768–1931 (149 volumes). Included are papers from skippers and traders concerning customs and import and export of goods. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by L.-O. Welander (1973) and J. Dahlin (1978); also available at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance “Custom house” (tullkammaren) was the name of the customs administration in the Swedish staple towns and the place where the clearance of incoming and outgoing merchandise was handled. In 1680 Karlskrona was given town privileges and became a staple town. During the eighteenth century, Karlskrona was the third biggest town in Sweden with the largest shipyard in the country.

Kristianstad Town Archives Record group Kristianstad Town Archives Kristianstads stadsarkiv Reference code : SE/LLA/10140, SE/LLA/10143 Period : 1250–1970 Extent : 146 metres

regional archives in lund

1997

Abstract These archives comprise documents of the central administration of the town of Kristianstad. They contain the minutes of the town administration / Council (Magistraten) meetings and town court (Rådhusrätt) proceedings, with judgement books, legal correspondence and accounts. The archives also include records from other institutions, for example the sea toll court (Sjötullrätten). Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1620–1901 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Danish, Swedish

Relevant series are to be found both among the records of the town institutions and of the sea toll court. TOWN COURT AND TOWN ADMINISTRATION / COUNCIL A Ia: Domböcker (judgement books) (151 volumes). This series comprises judgement books and minutes of the town court, dating from 1616–1849 (with omissions), which contain records of civil and criminal proceedings. Some of the cases deal with trade-related subjects. A III: Magistratsprotokoll (minutes of council meetings), 1674–1900 (54 volumes). The minutes contain information about all kinds of subjects relating to the town, for example town planning, harbours and shipyards, trade and merchants. The minutes from the years 1664–1671 are kept in volume A Id:1. F IIa–F IIb: Bouppteckningar (estate inventories), 87 volumes (1620–1901), & F III: Konkursakter (records of bankruptcy), 180 volumes (1669–1900). These inventories of deceased persons’ estates and bankruptcy records shed light on the burghers’ lives and their properties, for example ships and shares of ships, as well as their houses, building lots, chattels, cash funds and outstanding debts and liabilities.

1998

sweden

G III: Passhandlingar (records concerning passports and travellers), 1745– 1785 (3 volumes). This series includes records (e.g. passports) for citizens of Kristianstad, registering the names of travellers (and skippers), their titles and professions, and their destinations (e.g. Stralsund, Lübeck, ports in Denmark). There are also letters from the town court and administration concerning travellers. H VII: Tolagräkenskaper (tolag-accounts), 1661–1813 (56 volumes). Tolag was a charge levied, from about the mid-1650s onwards, on foreign goods entering or leaving staple towns. The tolag records give details of Swedish and foreign ships and skippers, together with destinations, ports of origin, cargoes and tolag payments. They give information on the merchants and private persons purchasing or ordering the goods. H VIII: Vågräkenskaper (weighing accounts), 1661–1826 (33 volumes). These accounts provide details of imported or exported goods and vessels’ destinations and origins (for example Copenhagen, Amsterdam, Hamburg and Lübeck), in some cases with the name of the skippers. SEA TOLL COURT The archives of the sea toll court (Sjötullrätten), a special tribunal for customs proceedings, contain documents relating to customs duties and smuggling. The appendices (such as memoranda and letters) to the records of the proceedings may include particulars on foreign skippers and seamen and the ships and their cargoes, 1664–1829 (10 volumes). Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by I. Andersson (1930); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance Kristianstad was founded and granted its rst charter by King Kristian IV (Christian IV) of Denmark in 1622. Under the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658 it was ceded, like the rest of Skåne, to Sweden. Between 1739 and 1770, Kristianstad and the nearby coastal town of Åhus constituted the busiest seaport in Scania (Skåne). Salt imports from the south of Europe were important, but so were exports, e.g. of alum, pitch and a variety of timber goods. Shipping went into decline in the 1770s, due to the Helegån River (Kristianstad’s link with the Baltic) changing its course, thereby lowering the water level in the town’s harbour.

regional archives in lund

1999

The town administration (Magistraten), introduced in Sweden and Finland according to German principles in the seventeenth century, was the governing body in towns that had their own jurisdiction. It consisted of a mayor and a council. The town administration also served as the national administrative authority within the town and furthermore functioned as a common court. In this latter capacity it was referred to as rådhusrätt or rådstuvurätt. This from of town administration was abolished in Sweden in 1965; the last rådhusrätt courts disappeared in 1971. Copies Contemporary copies of the town court’s judgement books were sent to the Göta Court of Appeal (Göta hovrätt), while copies of the minutes of the town court and the sea toll court were sent to the National Board of Trade (Kommerskollegium) (see under “Related materials”). Related materials •

•

National Board of Trade (Kommerskollegium, reference code: SE/RA/ 420132), Advokatskalen, series D, comprising copies of the Kristianstad town court minutes (1772–1846), and the minutes of the sea toll court (1731–1827). Göta Court of Appeal (Göta hovrätt) in Jönköping, comprising copies of Kristianstad town court judgement books and minutes (see: www. gotahovratt.dom.se/arkiv).

Publications •

Landsarkivet i Lund, Vol. 1: Domstolarnas, städernas och fångvårdsanstalternas arkiv i Skåne, Halland och Blekinge (Lund, 1987).

Landskrona Town Archives Record group Landskrona Town Archives Landskroan stadsarkiv Reference code : SE/LLA/10165 Period : 1413–1967 Extent : 170 metres

2000

sweden

Abstract These archives comprise documents concerning the central administration of the coastal town of Landskrona. Included are minutes of the meetings of the town administration or town council (Magistraten) from the years 1661–1964, and proceedings of the town court (Rådhusrätten) from the years 1662–1850. These consist mainly of minutes, judgement books, legal correspondence and accounts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1661–1967 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Relevant materials among the records of the Landskrona town court and town administration or council include the following: A Ia: Domböcker ( judgements books), 1662–1850 (123 volumes). This series comprises judgement books and minutes of the town court (with omissions), which contain records of civil and criminal proceedings. Some of the cases deal with trade-related subjects. A Ie: Sjörättsprotokoll (minutes from the sea court) 1686–1705 (1 volume). These documents concern Swedish vessels and their skippers, cargoes and destinations, and related minutes in volume F Id:1 dating from the period 1690–1737. A IIIa: Magistratsprotokoll (minutes of council meetings), 1661–1964 (267 volumes). The minutes contain information about all kinds of subjects concerning the town, for example town planning, harbours and shipyards, trade and merchants. D IVa: Borgarematriklar (register of burghers in Landskrona), 1621–1803 (1 volume). D IVb–c: Inmönstrings- och avmönstingsböcker (muster rolls), 1784–1864 (8 volumes). These rolls register both the signing on and off of sailors in Landskrona.

regional archives in lund

2001

F Ia: Inneliggande handlingar (enclosed records), 1679–1849 (322 volumes). The series comprises appended papers on all kind of subjects, for example trade and shipping. F IIa–FIIb: Bouppteckningar (estate inventories), 1619–1967 (120 volumes); F IVa: Konkursakter (records of bankruptcy), 1702–1899 (132 volumes). These inventories of deceased persons’ estates and bankruptcy papers shed light on the lifes and properties of burghers, for example ships and shares of ships, as well as houses, building lots, chattels, cash funds and outstanding debts and liabilities. J XIVa–b: Tolagjournaler (customs records of incoming and outgoing goods), 1769–1832 (11 volumes). Tolagen was a charge levied for the benet of the town treasury from about the mid-1650s onward on foreign goods entering or leaving staple towns. The tolag records give details on Swedish and foreign ships and skippers, with destinations, ports of origin, cargoes and tolag payments. Particulars on merchants and private persons purchasing or ordering the goods are sometimes also included. Several Danish and German destinations are mentioned here, among others Lübeck and Copenhagen. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by B. Åstrand (1969), and A.-B. Lövgren (1974– 1975); also available at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance Landskrona was founded in the fteenth century (with a charter from 1413). It came under Swedish rule in 1658 and became a staple town around 1660. The town administration (Magistraten), introduced in Sweden and Finland according to German principles in the seventeenth century, was the governing body in towns that had their own jurisdiction. It consisted of a mayor and a council. The town administration also served as the national administrative authority within the town and furthermore functioned as a common court. In this latter capacity it was referred to as rådhusrätt or rådstuvurätt. This from of town administration was abolished in Sweden in 1965; the last rådhusrätt courts disappeared in 1971. Custodial history Contemporary copies of the town court’s judgement books were sent to the Göta Court of appeal (Göta hovrätt) and copies of the minutes of the town

2002

sweden

court and the sea toll court were sent to the National Board of Trade (see under “Related materials”). Related materials •

•

National Board of Trade (Kommerskollegium, reference code: SE/RA/ 420132), Advokatskalen, series D, comprising copies of the minutes of the Landskrona town court (1759–1847) and the sea toll court (1730–1822). Göta Court of Appeal (Göta hovrätt), in Jönköping (see www.gotahovratt. dom.se/arkiv), including copies of judgement books and minutes of the Landskrona town court.

Publications •

Landsarkivet i Lund, Vol. 1, Domstolarnas, städernas och fångvårdsanstalternas arkiv i Skåne, Halland och Blekinge (Lund, 1987).

Sailors’ House in Karlshamn Record group Sailors’ House in Karlshamn Sjömanshuset i Karlshamn Reference code : SE/LLA/10736 Period : 1775–1969 Extent : 32 metres Abstract The archives include registers (such as muster and sailors’ rolls), minutes and copies of outgoing letters, other correspondence and records regarding nances. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1780–1809 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden, various countries : Swedish

Relevant is only series D Ia: Påmönstringsliggare (signing-on registers), from the period 1780–1963 (2 volumes for the period 1780–1809, in total 50

regional archives in lund

2003

volumes). These registers list the names of seamen (chiey from Sweden but occasionally from elsewhere, like Denmark and Germany) with biographical information (age and place of birth) and the names of vessels. Accessibility Inventory, by K.-O. Persson (1973, 1983); also available online at: www. nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance Sailors’ houses were founded in order to supply sufcient labour to the merchant marine, to create a better control of the hiring system and working conditions, and to improve the social security of the mariners. Its duties included: registration of seafarers, providing support for retired sailors and payment of compensation to those whose health had been impaired at sea. Any native shipowner and rm of shipowners had to cooperate with a sailors’ house and pay certain charges to it, depending on the capacity of the ship (lästpenningar) and the hire of the crew (sjömanshusavgiften). In 1748, the Swedish government decided to set up the rst Swedish sailors’ house in Stockholm, which all staple towns of the Swedish kingdom had to join. From the year 1752 onward, staple towns were allowed to have their own sailors’ houses and in the second part of the eighteenth century many of the staple towns organised their own sailors’ houses. The sailors’ house in Karlshamn was founded in 1774.

Sailors’ House in Karlskrona Record group Sailors’ House in Karlskrona Sjömanshuset i Karlskrona Reference code : SE/LLA/10737 Period : 1724–1961 Extent : 17 metres Abstract The archives include registers (such as muster and sailors’ rolls), minutes and copies of outgoing letters, other correspondence and records regarding nances.

2004

sweden

Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1769–1826 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

The following series are relevant: A I: Minutes, 1769–1961 (2 volumes for the period 1769–1826, in total 10 volumes). The minutes of the management of the sailors’ house may contain information about foreign trade and salesmen, but mostly concern relief for poor seamen and seamen’s widows and the administration of the sailors’ house and their funds. D Id: Register of skippers and seamen, 1784–1968 (3 volumes for the period 1784–1801, in total 22 volumes). The registers contain biographical information about skippers and seamen registered at the sailors’ house. G II: Journals, 1770–1882 (10 volumes for the period 1770–1800, in total 38 volumes). The journals contain biographical information about seamen registered at the sailors’ house (mostly from Sweden but occasionally from elsewhere), mentioning destinations of vessels in Sweden, around the Baltic Sea, in the Netherlands and elsewhere. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by K.-O. Persson (1972, 1982); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance Sailors’ houses were founded in order to supply sufcient labour to the merchant marine, to create a better control of the hiring system and working conditions, and to improve the social security of the mariners. Its duties included: registration of seafarers, providing support for retired sailors and payment of compensation to those whose health had been impaired at sea. Any native shipowner and rm of shipowners had to cooperate with a

regional archives in lund

2005

sailors’ house and pay certain charges to it, depending on the capacity of the ship (lästpenningar) and the hire of the crew (sjömanshusavgiften). In 1748, the Swedish government decided to set up the rst Swedish sailors’ house in Stockholm, which all staple towns of the Swedish kingdom had to join. From the year 1752 onward, staple towns were allowed to have their own sailors’ houses and in the second part of the eighteenth century many of the staple towns organised their own sailors’ houses. The sailors’ house in Karlskrona was founded in 1753. Custodial history Most of the early records were destroyed in the big re at Karlskrona in 1790. Publications • •

•

Karlskrona sjömanshus: några anteckningar om en 200-årig institution (Karlskrona, 1953). Revborn, L., Sjömanshus i syd. Allmänt om sjömanshusen, bakgrund, tillkomst och verksamhet samt en orientering om sjömanshusen i Sydsverige (Karlskrona, 1996). Sjöfolk, “Sjömanshusdatabas” (Sollefteå, 2003), on CD-rom.

Varberg Town Archives Record group Varberg Town Archives Varbergs stadsarkiv Reference code : SE/LLA/10206 Period : 1534–1970 Extent : 58 metres Abstract These archives contain documents concerning the central administration of the coastal town of Varberg. The materials include minutes of the meetings of the town administration (Magistraten) and proceedings of the town court (Rådhusrätt) from 1680 onwards. They consist mainly of judgement books, legal correspondence and accounts.

2006

sweden

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1649–1948 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

Among the materials of the Varberg town court and town administration the following series are relevant: AIa: Domböcker ( judgement books), 1649–1849 (with gaps) (78 volumes). This series comprises judgement books and minutes from the town court containing records of civil and criminal proceedings. Some of the cases deal with trade-related subjects. AIIIa: Magistratsprotokoll (minutes of council meetings) 1749–1948 (66 volumes). The minutes contain information about all kinds of subjects concerning the town, for example town planning, harbours and shipyards, trade and merchants. The minutes dating from 1649–1662 are kept in volume AIa:1. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by H. Bergstrand (1984); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance Varberg was probably founded in the fourteenth century and became a staple town in 1660, exporting for example timber and cattle products. The town is situated on the Swedish west coast and in the sixteenth century was an important military town close to the Swedish-Danish border. The town administration (Magistraten), introduced in Sweden and Finland according to German principles in the seventeenth century, was the governing body in towns that had their own jurisdiction. It consisted of a mayor and a council. The town administration also served as the national administrative authority within the town and furthermore functioned as a common court. In this latter capacity it was referred to as rådhusrätt or rådstuvurätt. This from of town administration was abolished in Sweden in 1965; the last rådhusrätt courts disappeared in 1971. Custodial history The greater part of the old town archives was lost during the town hall res of 1666, 1767 and 1862. Contemporary copies of the town court’s

regional archives in lund

2007

judgement books and minutes were sent to the Göta Court of Appeal (Göta hovrätt), and in cases relating to domestic and foreign trade, copies of the minutes of the town court and minutes of the sea toll court were sent to the National Board of Trade (see under “Related materials”). Related materials •

•

National Board of Trade (Kommerskollegium, reference code: SE/ RA/420132), Advokatskalen, series D, consisting of copies of cases in the Varberg town court relating to domestic and foreign trade (1772–1847) and copies of the minutes of the sea toll court (1771–1822). Göta Court of Appeal (Göta hovrätt), Jönköping (see: www.gotahovratt. dom.se/arkiv), consisting of copies of the Varberg town court’s judgement books and minutes.

Publications •

Landsarkivet i Lund, Vol. 1: Domstolarnas, städernas och fångvårdsanstalternas arkiv i Skåne, Halland och Blekinge (Lund, 1987).

Ystad Customs House Record group Ystad Customs House Ystads tullkammare Reference code : SE/LLA/11068 Period : 1679–1963 Extent : 2 metres Abstract Most of the materials in these archives date from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and consist for example of minutes, journals (e.g. registers of shipping or goods), correspondence and records concerning customs and accounts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1679–1925 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

2008

sweden

Relevant is series E I, which comprises incoming records from the period 1679–1925 (129 volumes). Included are papers from Swedish and foreign skippers and traders concerning customs and import and export of goods (e.g. import declarations). The series also contains diaries of incoming records from the years 1723–1925. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by L. Sjölin (1972); also available at: www.nad. ra.se. Record creator / provenance “Custom house” (tullkammaren) was the name of the customs administration in the Swedish staple towns and the place where the clearance of incoming and outgoing merchandise was handled.

MALMÖ CITY ARCHIVES Malmö Stadsarkiv Malmö www.malmo.se/stadsarkivet

Burgesses of Malmö Record group Burgesses of Malmö Borgerskapet i Malmö Reference code : SE/MSA/00046 Period : 1517–1862 Extent : 61 metres

malmö city archives

2009

Abstract This record group comprises the proceedings and resolutions of the town’s aldermen (i.e. representatives of the burgesses) and its various societies, together with incoming and outgoing documents and the accounts of the town treasurer (kämnär, later stadsbokhållare). Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1520–1862 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Danish, Swedish

The following series are relevant: •

•

•

Series A: Minutes and resolutions of the Burgesses (borgerskapet) and societies (e.g. A III: 1–9: Handelssocieteten (trade society), 1726–1862), containing particulars on Malmö’s trade and merchants, 1520–1862. Series G II a: Town treasury accounts (stadskasseräkenskaper), with the main series for the period 1688–1862 (188 volumes) including tolag (customs) records of incoming and outgoing cargoes, 1717–1719, 1724–1725. Tolagen was a charge levied to the town cash on foreign goods entering or leaving the staple towns. The tolag records give details of Swedish and foreign ships and skippers, together with destinations, ports of origin, cargoes and tolag payments. Also included are particulars on merchants and private persons purchasing or ordering the goods. Series GIV a: Customs (tolag) and bridge toll (bropenning) accounts (specialer), 1661–1769 (67 volumes). These show Malmö’s exports and imports, parties and ships importing goods and ordering them, and ship destinations both in Sweden and abroad (Denmark and Germany mainly). The records also show whether ships carried passengers.

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), L. Tomner (1984); also available online at: www. nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance Founded in the mid-thirteenth century, Malmö became the principal trading town in Scania (Skåne) during the fourteenth century. Grain exports, for

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instance to the Low Countries, played an important part in the rst half of the sixteenth century. Under the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658, Malmö became Swedish and subsequently acquired staple rights. The treasurer (kämnären) handled the town’s nancial transactions and kept a watchful eye on its property. In 1687–1688 this arrangement was superseded by that of stadsbokhållaren. Starting in the 1520s, the mayor and council frequently co-opted representatives of the burgesses to discuss trade issues. The manner of representation changed through the centuries. Both during the Danish period (until 1658) and following the Swedish conquest, the representative body was variously named (e.g. aldermen, stadens äldste) and recruited, but the representatives were usually merchants and craftsmen. Publications •

Malmö stads historia, Vol. 2 (Malmö, 1977).

Customs House in Malmö Record group Customs House in Malmö Tullkammaren i Malmö Reference code : SE/MSA/00672 Period : 1658–1961 Extent : 14 metres Abstract Most of the materials date from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and consist of, for example, minutes, journals (e.g. registers of shipping and goods), correspondence and records about customs and accounts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1672–1919 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Danish, Dutch, High German, Swedish

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2011

Relevant series include the following: B 1: Drafts, 1672–1910 (4 volumes). These include for example journals of paid customs by foreign skippers and traders (with vessels and cargoes from places like Copenhagen, Lübeck, Stralsund, Rostock and Amsterdam) dating from 1660, 1670, 1671 and 1696, as well as summaries of incoming goods in the years 1658–1706. The series also includes incoming letters from the period 1683–1700, and records of the sea toll court (Sjötullrätten) dating from 1673. E 1: Incoming records, 1661–1919 (120 volumes). Included in this series are records from skippers and traders concerning customs and the import and export of goods, with information about vessels and cargoes. Volume E:6 contains certicates for Swedish vessels from the Malmö region from 1706. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by F. Johansson (2004); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance “Custom house” (tullkammaren) was the name of the customs administration in Swedish staple towns and the place where the clearance of incoming and outgoing merchandise was handled. Malmö became a staple town in 1660 (after Sweden won the southern provinces of Skåne (Scania), Halland and Blekinge from Denmark in 1658). The customs house was founded in the same year.

Malmö Town Administration Record group Malmö Town Administration Magistraten i Malmö Reference code : SE/MSA/00533 Period : 1420–1964 Extent : 114 metres

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Abstract These archives include for example minutes of the meetings of the town administration (Magistraten) from around 1850 onward, the administration’s outgoing and incoming letters from the fteenth century onward and accounts from the sixteenth century onward. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1521–1836 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Danish, Swedish

Relevant series include the following: B1 a: Brevböcker (letter books), 1671–1953 (126 volumes). The outgoing letters include, for example, copies of certicates of tonnage for vessels from Malmö. D 4: Passjournaler ( journals of passports), 1770–1836 (2 volumes). These journals of passports for skippers contain names of skippers, with information about types of vessels and ports of origin in Sweden. Included are also names of sailors on board and destinations (in particular ports in modern-day Germany, Denmark, Latvia, Finland and Russia). These records date from 1770–1788 and 1814–1816. There are also journals of Swedish travellers, with names and destinations such as Copenhagen, Riga and Stralsund, from the years 1773–1795. Ö 1: Ditlev Enbecks regnskabsbog (Ditlev Enbecks account book) 1521–1535 (1 volume). This volume comprises accounts from Enbecks, a trader in Malmö, and includes information about products and people (salesmen, skippers and others) he dealt with. Most of the foreigners mentioned here are from Lübeck, but also from places like Szczecin (Stettin), Gdansk (Danzig) and Rostock. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by Å. Norström (2001); also available at: www. nad.ra.se.

malmö city archives

2013

Record creator / provenance The town administration (Magistraten), introduced in Sweden and Finland according to German principles in the seventeenth century, was the governing body in towns that had their own jurisdiction. Founded in the twelfth century, Malmö became the leading commercial town in the region in the fourteenth century. During the sixteenth century, corn trade with, for example, the Netherlands grew important. After the Peace of Roskilde (1658), Malmö was declared Swedish and became a staple town.

Related materials • •

Borgerskapet i Malmö (reference code: SE/MSA/00046). Malmö Town Court (Rådhusrätten i Malmö 1, reference code: SE/MSA/ 00811).

Publications •

• •

Andersen, E: Malmøkøbmanden Ditlev Enbeck og hans regnskabsbog: et bidrag til Danmarks handelshistorie i det 16. århundrede (Copenhagen, 1954), publication of Ditlev Enbecks account book (no. Ö 1). Malmö stads historia, Vols. 1–3 (Malmö, 1971–1994). Munck av Rosenschiöld, T., “Stadsstyrelse och domtolsväsende i Malmö”, in: Malmö Fornminnesförenings Årsskrift (1955), pp. 7–36.

Rickard Bengtsson Customs History Collection Record group Rickard Bengtsson Customs History Collection Rickard Bengtssons tullhistoriska samling Reference code : SE/MSA/01113 Period : 1274–1974 Extent : 114 volumes Abstract This collection comprises transcripts of customs documents, mostly from the Malmö City Archives and the Danish and Swedish National Archives, made by the scholar Rickard Bengtsson between 1975 and 1995. The collection

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relates to customs administration in general and the Malmö and Öresund (Sound) regional customs in particular. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1535–1831 : Denmark, Sweden, various countries : Danish, Swedish

The copies and excerpts in this collection mostly contain particulars of Malmö’s customs duties between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries. The following volumes are of particular interest for foreign trade: • • • •

• •

10: Excerpts from the Danish National Archives (Danskt kancelliregistranter) relating to Malmö customs, 1535–1550. 11: Copy of the Danish tolag accounts for Malmö, 1577–1658. 15: Card index of Swedish documents relating to customs administration. 16: Excerpts relating to Malmö customs, taken from committee archives in the Swedish National Archives, e.g. from the Skåne Commission (Skånska kommissionen), 1669–1670. 17: Excerpts relating to Malmö customs, taken from the Malmö City Archives and the Regional Archives in Lund, 1679–1842. 78, 79. Excerpts from statutory instruments relating to the Great Sea Toll (Stora sjötullen, customs duty levied on foreign goods), 1719–1831.

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by R. Jonsson (1995).

2015

maritime museum

MARITIME MUSEUM Sjöhistoriska Museet Stockholm www.sjohistoriska.se

Maritime Museum Archives and Collections, Records, Plans and Drawings Record group Maritime Museum Archives and Collections, Records, Plans and Drawings Sjöhistoriska museets arkiv och samlingar, Acta/ritningsarkiv Reference code : see under “Relevant contents” Period : 1600–2000 Extent : 63000 maps and drawings, 750 metres Abstract The archives and collections of the Maritime Museum (also known as “Archives of Records, Plans and Drawings”), consist of many small archives and collections but here are dealt with in a single description. The materials include ship drawings, art on paper, maps and navigation charts, archives (e.g. of shipyards and ship designers), as well as shipping books and materials from the Museum’s eld surveys. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1701–1914 : Germany, Sweden, various countries : Swedish

Relevant archives and collections include the following: FREDRIK HENRIK AF CHAPMAN (1721–1808) Chapman headed the Swedish naval dockyard in Karlskrona and among other things oversaw the enlargement of the Swedish Archipelago Fleet, but he also worked in civil shipyards. The archives comprise about 600

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original drawings by Chapman, as well as documents relating to the theory of shipbuilding. MATHIAS HOLMERS (1712–1799) (reference codes: SH 511, ÖB 539) Holmers captained several Swedish East Indiamen. The archives include his life story (hand-written by himself), a description, with gradation, of the shipping route between Sweden and China, and inventory books of several of the ships he commanded. KALMAR SHIPYARD (reference codes: SR 2453–2508, 2667, 2944– 2958) These archives contain 70 drawings of merchant vessels built in the Kalmar shipyard, 1749–1870. KARLSHAMN COLLECTION (reference code: 1978:025) This collection contains about 60 drawings of merchant vessels, 1778– 1808. HIERONYMUS ABRAHAMSSON TRADING HOUSE, VÄSTERVIK (reference code: 1964:016 A–I) These archives include information on ships, testatory transactions and creditors, 1770–1772. RUDOLF NILSSON COLLECTION (reference code: 1980:010) The collection includes gradations from the coasts of Sweden and Germany, 1760s–1770s, and a description of the inlet to Stralsund, 1772. G.A. ZETHELIUS COLLECTION (reference code: 1973:593–600) This collection contains lists of merchant vessels built in shipyards in Sweden and its territories during the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries. FRÖBERG SHIPPING COMPANY COLLECTION (reference code: 1951:015/1–51) The collection includes accounting records, correspondence and various documents concerning shipping companies and ships, 1701–1914. MARITIME MUSEUM COLLECTIONS OF MAPS AND DRAWINGS These collections contain around 1000 maps and navigation charts predating 1800, covering both the Baltic Sea and other seas and waterways.

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Accessibility Most of the inventories and checklists of these archives and collections are included in the internal database of the Museum. Custodial history A large quantity of papers, maps and navigation charts was handed over to the Military Archives of Sweden (Krigsarkivet), as the materials were in fact created by the Swedish Navy. Visually attractive The archives and collections include a large number of navigation charts, maps and drawings (some 1500 from the period preceding 1800), e.g. navigation charts of the Baltic Sea and ship drawings, mainly for warships. There are also lithographs, copper engravings and drawings of maritime subjects. In addition, the Maritime Museum has an art collection (oils, watercolours etc.) on maritime themes. Related materials •

• •

Naval Museum Archives (Marinmuseums Arkiv), Karlskrona, mostly concerning the Swedish Navy, including 4000 maps and drawings and 250 metres of other papers (see www.marinmuseum.se/Marinmuseum). Swedish Military Archives (Krigsarkivet), Stockholm: Maps and Drawings Collection. Gothenburg Maritime Museum Archives (Göteborgs Sjöfartsmuseets Arkiv), Göteborg (Gothenburg), containing about 400 metres of papers from agencies such as shipping companies and shipyards, mostly relating to Göteborg and the west coast of Sweden and including, for example, newspaper clippings, photos, ship drawings, navigation charts and transcripts of early crew lists (see www.sjofartsmuseum.goteborg.se).

Publications • •

Harris, D.G., Fredrik Henrik af Chapman: the First Naval Architect and his Work (Stockholm, 2001). Sjöhistoriska museet 50 år (Stockholm, 1988).

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Swedish Maritime Archaeology Archives (SMA) Record group Swedish Maritime Archaeology Archives (SMA) Svenskt Marinarkeologiskt arkiv (SMA) Reference code : not applicable Period : 1400–1900 Abstract These archives consist of information assembled by the national maritime museums since the 1960s with regard to shipwrecks, both located and lost, and other underwater remains. Also included are reports from the Diving Company (Dykerikompaniet) to the Admiralty. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1400–1900 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

The archives consist of several sections, which can be searched on remains of ship types, ship names, particular waters or dates. The principal registers are the following: REGISTER OF SHIPWRECKS This register contains information regarding located wrecks in Sweden. Some of the descriptions are brief, giving only the position and the type of vessel, possibly accompanied by sketches of the site. Certain reports are more comprehensive, containing detailed information about the ship and the maritime declaration, as well as drawings and photographs. The number of wrecks that are located stands at approximately 2000. REGISTER OF SUNKEN SHIPS This register contains about 9000 entries relating to lost ships, the locations of which are often uncertain and in some cases unknown. The entries comprise newspaper excerpts from 1720 to the end of the 1920s. From

maritime museum

2019

these an indication can be obtained about the possible whereabouts of a particular vessel. PAPERS OF THE DIVING COMPANY The Diving Company (Dykerikompaniet) was formed at the end of the seventeenth century and was granted a monopoly on ship salvage operations. The diving commissioners were required to supply the Board of Admiralty with quarterly reports on their assignments and salvage operations. These reports are extant for the period between 1745 and 1831. Again, the locations of the wrecks are uncertain. The register contains about 3500 entries. The archives also include several smaller registers, for example listing occasional nds, dug-out boats (“log boats”), salvaged remains, etc. In addition, there are video recordings and photographs of a large number of wreck sites along the coast of Sweden and the activities carried out there. Accessibility The information in these archives is available in a database know as “SjöMIS” (Maritime Information System of the Maritime Museum and the Swedish Maritime Administration). A transfer of the data in “SjöMIS” to “FMIS”, the National Heritage Board information system for archaeological sites in Sweden, began in 2006 and is scheduled for completion in 2007. When the transfer is complete, the whole of Sweden’s underwater heritage will be searchable on the internet and via digital navigation charts. In the meantime, enquiries can be made by e-mail, letter or telephone. Record creator / provenance Since the 1960s, the National Maritime Museums have been gathering information concerning shipwrecks, sunken ships and other underwater remains. The information has been assembled in the Swedish Maritime Archaeology Archives (SMA). “SjöMIS” (the Maritime Information System of the Maritime Museum and the Swedish Maritime Administration) was formed in 1995 and data from the SMA are being added to it.

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MILITARY ARCHIVES OF SWEDEN Krigsarkivet Stockholm www.statensarkiv.se/default.asp?id=2227&red=1132

Admiralty Board, Commissions, Miscellaneous Papers Record group Admiralty Board, Commissions, Miscellaneous Papers Amiralitetskollegium, Kommissioner, Ej inordnade handlingar Reference code : SE/KRA/0502 Period : 1710–1719 Extent : 4 volumes Abstract This collection consists of papers concerning ship seizures and privateering during the Great Northern War. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1710–1719 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

The relevant documents concern ship seizures and privateering in the Baltic and Western Sea (Kattegatt) during the Great Northern War, with information about foreign vessels and cargoes. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish). Publications •

“Krigsarkivets beståndsöversikt”, Parts 1–10, in: Meddelanden från Krigsarkivet, XI: 1 (Stockholm, 1989).

military archives of sweden

2021

Admiralty Board, Pilotage Service Record group Admiralty Board, Pilotage Service Amiralitetskollegium, Lotskontoret Reference code : SE/KRA/0502 Period : 1680–1800 Extent : 102 volumes Abstract This record group comprises the administrative documents from the Pilotage Service, which was accountable to the Admiralty College. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1680–1800 : Finland, Sweden : Swedish

Relevant papers include draft versions of outgoing communications from the period 1748–1791, and Dykerihandlingar (diving papers) from the years 1745–1799 (series E VI). The diving papers contain particulars on stranded Swedish and foreign ships and their salvage. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish). Record creator / provenance The pilotage service was added to the Admiralty Board around 1641–1643 and became a separate unit in 1691. When the Admiralty Board ceased to exist in 1791 (eventually being transformed into the “Naval Affairs Administration”), the pilotage service, renamed Lotsverkskontoret, also became part of the new organisation. Related materials •

Admirality Board (Amiralitetskollegium), Kansliet, Norra lotsdistriktet and Södra Lotsdistriktet.

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Publications •

“Krigsarkivets beståndsöversikt”, Parts 1–10, in: Meddelanden från Krigsarkivet, XI: 1 (Stockholm, 1989).

Axel Magnus von Arbin Record group Axel Magnus von Arbin Axel Magnus von Arbin Reference code : SE/KRA/0035:0023 Period : 1751 Extent : 3 volumes Abstract These archives include a journal and other papers. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1751 : Sweden, the Netherlands : Swedish

Relevant is von Arbin’s hand-written travelogue (1 volume) describing an exploratory tour of Holland in 1751. This journal includes notes and sketches concerning dams, canals and buildings. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish). Record creator / provenance Axel Magnus Arbin (1717–1791, ennobled as von Arbin) was a fortication ofcer who in 1773 became Quartermaster-General and Director of Fortikationen.

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Custodial history The papers were initially kept in the library of the Fortications Administration (Fortikationen). In 1948, they were transferred to the Krigsarkivet (Swedish Military Archives). Visually attractive The journal contains a number of drawings. Publications •

“Krigsarkivets beståndsöversikt”, Part 8, in: Meddelanden från Krigsarkivet, XVI (Stockholm, 1997).

Biograca, Gathenhielm, Lars Record group Biograca, Gathenhielm, Lars Biograca, Gathenhielm, Lars Reference code : SE/KRA/Biograca, Gathenhielm Period : 1719–1733 Extent : 3 volumes Abstract These documents relate to the dispute between the Swedish Crown and the executors of the privateer captain Lars Gathenhielm. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1719–1733 : Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands : Swedish

Relevant are the accounts and minutes of proceedings pertaining to the dispute between the Swedish Crown and the executors of Ingela Gathenhielm, widow of the privateer captain Lars Gathenhielm. This dispute concerned the cost of frigates borrowed from the Crown. The accounts refer to conditions in the 1710s, when Lars Gathenhielm had letters of marque primarily

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for the Kattegat. Most of the ships he captured were Danish and Dutch vessels entering and leaving the Baltic Sea. Accessibility Inventory (card catalogue for the Biograca collections) (in Swedish). Custodial history The collection was assembled at the Military Archives of Sweden. Related materials •

Gothenburg Squadron (Göteborgs eskader, reference code: SE/KRA/ 0527).

Publications •

Ericson, L., Lasse i Gatan. Kaparkriget och det svenska stormaktsväldets fall (Lund, 1997).

Carl Johan Hacker Record group Carl Johan Hacker Carl Johan Hacker Reference code Period Extent

: SE/KRA/0035:0300 : 1740–1741 : 1 volume

Abstract The archives of Carl Johan Hacker consist of just one volume. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1740–1741 : Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

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The volume concerns Carl Johan Hacker’s tour of powder mills in Germany, the Netherlands and France in 1740–1741. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish). Record creator / provenance Carl Johan Hacker (1714–1800) worked as a chancery clerk at the Krigsexpeditionen (War Ofce), supernumerary clerk at the Kammarkollegium (Financial Ofce) and auditor with the Södermanland Regiment. In 1735 he became proprietor of the Åker powder mill. Custodial history The documents were acquired by the Krigsarkivet in 1894 from Mrs. Augusta Drakenberg. They were rst arranged and incorporated into the Artillery Department of Krigskollegium (War Ministry), but were transferred as separate archives in 1968. Publications •

“Krigsarkivets beståndsöversikt”, Part 8, in: Meddelanden från Krigsarkivet, XVI (Stockholm, 1997).

Commission Appointed by the King in Council to Audit the 1714 Prize Accounts 1726–1727 Record group Commission Appointed by the King in Council to Audit the 1714 Prize Accounts 1726–1727 Kungl. Maj:ts till 1714 års prisräkningars reviderande förordnade kommission 1726–1727 Reference code : SE/KRA/0502 Period : 1714, 1726–1727 Extent : 2 volumes

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Abstract This record group comprises just two volumes with accounts relating to ships seized on the Baltic Sea. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1714–1727 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

Relevant are both volumes, which contain accounts relating to ships seized on the Baltic Sea in 1714 and subsequently sold by auction. These accounts were not audited until after the end of the Great Northern War by a special commission within the Admiralty Board in 1726–1727. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish). Publications •

“Krigsarkivet beståndsöversikt”, Part 2, in: Meddelanden från Krigsarkivet, 11 (Stockholm, 1987), p. 513.

Foreign Maps Record group Foreign Maps Utländska kartor Reference code Period Extent

: SE/KRA/0406 : 1550–1947 : 4962 maps

Abstract The collection consists of manuscript and printed foreign topographical maps. The collection is arranged topographically and conforms on the whole to the international situation of 1815.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1550–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : various languages

Relevant maps include the following (a general map covers the whole area of the section it is listed under, a detailed map a smaller portion thereof ): The Netherlands • •

General maps, 1693–1989 (144 maps). Detailed maps, 1624–1896 (76 maps).

Holland • •

Detailed maps, 1628–1906 (57 maps). Rivers and canals, c. 1690 (1 map).

Germany • • • • • • • •

General maps, 1641–1913 (40 maps). Danube, 1550–1931 (68 maps). Rhine, 1680s-1890 (72 maps). Main, 1642–c. 1900 (56 maps). Weser, 1650–1907 (96 maps). Elbe, 1633–1933 (342 maps). Postal maps, 1722–1886 (78 maps). Rivers and canals, 1626–1913 (46 maps).

Mecklenburg Schwerin • • •

General maps, 1721–1803 (13 maps). Detailed maps, 1734–1813 (17 maps). Road maps, 1672 (1 map).

Swedish Pomerania and Rügen • •

General maps, 1700–1839 (36 maps). Detailed maps, 1758–1829 (31 maps).

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Road maps, undated (2 maps). Hydrographical maps, 1715–1811 (10 maps). Rivers and canals, 1759–1761 (14 maps).

Prussia • • • • •

General maps, 1627–1813 (15 maps). Detailed maps, 1584–1932 (162 maps). Postal maps, 1757–1842 (5 maps). Hydrographical maps, 1692 (6 maps). Rivers and canals, c. 1630–1806 (29 maps).

Denmark • • • •

General maps, 1650–1916 (55 maps). Detailed maps, 1635–1932 (158 maps). Hydrographical maps, 1658–1928 (52 maps). Postal maps, 1788–1911 (4 maps).

Poland • • • •

General maps, 1772–1848 (26 maps). Detailed maps, 1650–1873 (82 maps). Road maps, 1751–1915 (4 maps). Rivers and canals (1 map).

Russia • • • • •

General maps, 1734–1903 (53 maps). Detailed maps, 1632–1909 (2 maps). Road maps, 1688–1917 (22 maps). Hydrographical maps, 1655–1900 (34 maps). Rivers and canals, c. 1697–1780 (37 maps).

Finland • • • •

General maps, 1742–1931 (20 maps). Detailed maps, 1798–1911 (22 maps). Archipelago maps, 1742–1751 (3 maps). Hydrographical maps, 1792–1815 (15 maps).

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In addition, the collection includes numerous maps of the world and Europe. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); summary inventory available online at: www. statensarkiv.se/default.asp?id=7557&red=1132. A topographical register is published in “Krigsarkivets beståndsöversikt”, Part 9, in: Meddelanden från Krigsarkivet, XVII (Stockholm, 1998). Custodial history The collection has been compiled by the Military Archives of Sweden. Visually attractive The collection contains thousands of visually attractive maps. Related materials • • • • • • •

Sweden Topographical Maps (Sverige, topograska kartor, reference code: SE/KRA/0400). Foreign Town and Fortress Plans (Utländska stads- och fästningsplaner, reference code: SE/KRA/0406). Foreign War Plans (Utländska krigsplaner, reference code: SE/KRA/ 0407). Manuscript Atlases (Handritade kartverk, reference code: SE/KRA/ 0414). Sweden, Town and Fortress Plans (Sverige, Stads- och fästningsplaner, reference code: SE/KRA/0424). Sweden’s Wars (Sveriges krig, reference code: SE/KRA/0425). King’s Map Book (Kungsboken, reference code: SE/KRA/0437).

Publications •

“Krigsarkivets beståndsöversikt”, Part 9, in: Meddelanden från Krigsarkivet, XVII (Stockholm, 1998).

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Foreign Town and Fortress Plans Record group Foreign Town and Fortress Plans Utländska stads- och fästningsplaner Reference code : SE/KRA/0406 Period : 1550–1990 Extent : 7078 maps and drawings Abstract This collection concerns locations outside present-day Sweden. It contains town plans from all over the world, with special emphasis on northern Europe. It mainly consists of hand-drawn plans, but also includes several printed ones. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1550–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : various languages

The collection has been arranged according to a modied version of the borders of 1815, with the result that several plans are not to be found under the countries to which they now pertain. Present-day Estonia and Latvia, for example, are to be found under the heading “Östersjöprovinserna” (the Baltic provinces). Many of the plans have been compiled with reference to fortication needs and mainly show fortications, with less attention paid to the actual town within the walls. There are also several town plans actually showing the town, however. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); summary and detailed list available online at: www. statensarkiv.se/default.asp?id=7557&red=1132. A topograhical list has been published in “Krigsarkivets beståndsöversikt”, Part 9, in: Meddelanden från Krigsarkivet, XVII (Stockholm, 1998).

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Custodial history The greater part of the collection was acquired from the Fortications Administration (Fortikationen). At the Swedish Military Archives, the materials were initially part of the collection of Utländska kartor (Foreign maps) but were later made into a separate collection. Several town plans have since been added. Visually attractive The collection contains thousands of visually attractive maps. Copies The town and fortress plans pertaining to Finland have been microlmed. Related materials • • • • •

Foreign Maps (Utländska kartor, reference code: SE/KRA/0406). Foreign War Plans (Utländska krigsplaner, reference code: SE/KRA/ 0407). Manuscript Atlases (Handritade kartverk, reference code: SE/KRA/ 0414). Sweden, Town and Fortress Plans (Sverige, Stads- och fästningsplaner, reference code: SE/KRA/0424). Sweden’s Wars (Sveriges krig, reference code: SE/KRA/0425).

Publications •

“Krigsarkivets beståndsöversikt”, Part 9, in: Meddelanden från Krigsarkivet, XVII (Stockholm, 1998).

King’s Map Book Record group King’s Map Book Kungsboken Reference code Period Extent

: SE/KRA/0437 : 1656–1735 : 110 maps and drawings

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Abstract The collection contains maps, navigation charts, orders of battle and drawings. According to the original list of contents, the collection consisted of “charts, navigation charts, maps and journals, relations and battles found from the times of Their Majesties King Charles XI and Charles XII . . .”. All bound sheets, apart from the original list of contents, have been removed from the original volume and the collection now consists of loose pages. Most of the maps and documents are undated. Dates usually indicate when depicted events took place. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1655–1735 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : various languages

The following series may contain relevant materials: • • • • • • • • • •

Topographical maps, 1675–1735 (11 maps). Hydrographical maps, 1678–1724 (8 maps). Orders of battle, 1675–1710 (41 drawings). Battles, 1656–1678 (5 drawings). Sieges, 1672–1691 (4 drawings). Plans of towns and fortresses (10 drawings). Quartering, encampment and march route maps (12 maps). Marine subjects, 1675–1720 (6 drawings). Manuscripts, 1655–1685 (5 items). Miscellaneous materials, 1675–1720 (8 items).

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available online at: www.statensarkiv.se/default. asp?id=7573&red=1132. A topographical register is published in “Krigsarkivets beståndsöversikt”, Part 9, in: Meddelanden från Krigsarkivet, XVII (Stockholm, 1998). Custodial history The collection, created within the Swedish royal family, was transferred (together with Gustav III’s collection of books) to the Royal Library in 1792. The year in which the Krigsarkivet acquired the collection is unknown.

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Visually attractive Many of the maps and drawings are visually attractive. Publications •

“Krigsarkivets beståndsöversikt”, Part 9, in: Meddelanden från Krigsarkivet, XVII (Stockholm, 1998).

Manuscript Atlases Record group Manuscript Atlases Handritade kartverk Reference code : Se/kra/0414 Period : 1600–1837 Extent : 25 volumes Abstract The collection consists of hand-drawn and printed hand-coloured maps, town plans, orders of battle and drawings, as well as contemporary and later copies. For practical storage reasons, some of the maps have been removed from the original volume. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1600–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish, various languages

Relevant sections include the following: • • • •

1: Provincial and county maps of Sweden, by Erik Dahlberg, 1698 (32 maps). 2: Road atlas, entitled “Chartebok öfwer Landswägarne uti Swea och Giöta provincer”, 1730s (17 maps). 3: Norrland, with parts of Lapland, 1695–1743 (14 maps). 4: Nissa River, Laga River, etc., 1745–1746 (92 maps).

2034 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

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11: Svenska planteboken, Olof Örnehufvud, 1630s (47 maps and drawings). 12: Swedish and foreign castles, towns and fortresses, by Thomé, 1630s (?) (20 maps). 13: Delineations and foundation drawings of Swedish fortresses and fortications, by Erik Dahlberg, 1670–1697 (305 drawings). 14: Plans of fortresses of the realm (i.e. Sweden), by Virgin, Johan Bernahard, 1764 (17 drawings). 15: Battle pictures and orders of battle for Johan Gabriel Banér, undated (193 drawings). 21: Foreign and Swedish castles and fortresses, etc., by Erik Dahlberg, 1648 (103 drawings). 22: Foreign towns, castles and fortresses, etc., and orders of battle, 1630s (236 maps and drawings). 24: Foreign fortied towns and strongholds, early nineteenth century (81 maps and drawings). 25: “Plantas de derentes Plazas de Españia, Italia, Flandes y los Indias”, 1655 (117 maps and drawings). 26: “Recueil de Plans fait par De la Boissierre le cadet”, eighteenth century (50 maps and drawings). 27: Plans of 37 Dutch fortresses, seventeenth century (37 drawings). 28: “Topographia practica, conscripta et recognita per Fridericum Getkant, mechanicum, anno 1638”, 1638 (14 maps). 29: Fortresses in the Kingdom of Denmark, by Heer, Lander, 1650–1660 (9 maps and drawings). 30: Fortresses in France, Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands, seventeenth century (60 drawings). 31: Plans of fortresses and ghts, etc., 1693–1755? (33 maps and drawings). 32: Fortresses on the west coast of Sweden and in Skåne, by C.G. Gillberg and A.P. Boman, 1811 (12 drawings). 33: European countries, mainly Germany and Italy, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (74 maps). 34: “Maps of the locations of permanently quartered regiments and corps, together with particulars on the location and assessed value of the living quarters . . .”, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (42 maps and drawings).

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Accessibility Checklist (in Swedish); also available online at the National Archives Database: www.nad.ra.se; concise list of documents available online at: www. statensarkiv.se/default.asp?id=7561&red=1132. A topographical register is published in “Krigsarkivets beståndsöversikt”, Part 9, in: Meddelanden från Krigsarkivet, XVII (Stockholm, 1998). Visually attractive Many of the maps and drawings in the collection are visually attractive. Publications •

“Krigsarkivets beståndsöversikt”, Part 9, in: Meddelanden från Krigsarkivet, XVII (Stockholm, 1998).

Naval Affairs Administration, Pilotage Service Record group Naval Affairs Administration, Pilotage Service Förvaltningen av sjöärendena, Lotsverkskontoret Reference code : SE/KRA/0502 Period : 1798–1832 Extent : 190 volumes Abstract This record group consists of the administrative papers of the pilotage service (lotsverkskontoret) as part of the naval affairs administration (Förvaltningen av sjöärendena). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1798–1800 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

Relevant are the drafts of outgoing communications, 1798–1800, and the Dykerihandlingar (diving papers), 1798–1800 (series E III). The latter provide information regarding stranded Swedish and foreign ships and their salvage.

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Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish). Custodial history The pilotage service became part of the naval affairs administration (Förvaltningen av sjöärendena) in 1803. Before that, it fell under the Kommittén för förvaltningen av Arméns ottas ärenden (Committee for the administration of the Archipelago eet affairs). This record group, however, reects a direct continuation of that of the pilotage service as part of the Admiralty Board. Publications •

“Krigsarkivets beståndsöversikt”, Part 1, in: Meddelanden från Krigsarkivet, XI: 1 (Stockholm, 1989).

Naval Rolls, Pilot Rolls Record group Naval Rolls, Pilot Rolls Rullor ottan, Lotsrullor Reference code : SE/KRA/0500–0503/036 Period : 1693–1882 Extent : 3 metres Abstract This record group consists of the pilot muster rolls, which are part of the naval rolls of the Swedish Navy. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1693–1800 : Finland, Sweden : Swedish

Relevant are the pilot muster rolls (series XII, volume 1–17), which provide information on Swedes and Finns who were active as pilots.

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Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), Series XII. Custodial history The naval rolls derive mainly from the Admiralty board (Amiraliteskollegium) and the Naval Affairs Administration (Förvaltningen av sjöärenden). Related materials •

Stockholm Squadron (Stockholms eskader), 1716–1756 (reference code: SE/KRA/0529/A); series E IV: incoming documents, including pilot muster rolls.

Publications •

“Krigsarkivets beståndsöversikt”, Parts 1–10, in: Meddelanden från Krigsarkivet, XI: 1, 2 (Stockholm, 1989), XV: 1–5 (Stockholm, 1994), XVI (Stockholm, 1997), XVII (Stockholm, 1998), XVIII (Stockholm, 1999).

North Pilotage District Record group North Pilotage District Norra lotsdistriktet Reference code : SE/KRA/0508/01/Ö Period : 1724–1904 Extent : 8 metres Abstract These archives consist of draft documents, incoming documents, daybooks, rolls, les and accounts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1724–1800 : Sweden : Swedish

2038

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For the period until 1800, only 21 volumes (incoming documents) are extant. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance Pilotage operations along the coasts of the realm were managed by the regional pilotage districts, which were accountable to the Director of Pilotage at the Admiralty Board. Related materials • •

South Pilotage District (Södra lotsdistriktet, reference code: SE/KRA/ 0508/04/Ö). Admiralty Board, Pilotage Service (Amiralitetskollegium, Lotskontoret, reference code: SE/KRA/0502).

Publications •

“Krigsarkivets beståndsöversikt”, Part 6, in: Meddelanden från Krigsarkivet, XV: 4 (Stockholm, 1994).

Orders of Battle Record group Orders of Battle Ordres de bataille Reference code Period Extent

: Se/Kra/0438 : 1600–1749 : 5 volumes

Abstract The record groups just consists of battle plans (ordres de bataille), bound in ve volumes.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1600–1749 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

All ve volumes contain relevant materials and concern the following people and regions: •

•

• •

•

1: Princes of Orange, 1600–1650 (38 plans), Holy Roman Empire and the Confederates, 1620–1686 (39 plans), Charles IX and Gustavus Adolphus, 1605–1632 (68 plans), Queen Christina, 1634–1648 (50 plans), Charles X, 1655–1660 (28 plans), Charles XI, 1675–1679 (50 plans), compiled by Erik Dahlbergh and dedicated to Charles XI. 2: Apographum bellorum et victoriarum ab anno 1620 ad 1717 . . ., Sweden, Denmark, Holy Roman Empire, Poland, Russia, England, France, Spain and Turkey, 1620–1717 (155 plans), signed F.M.P., compiled in Dresden in the early or mid-eighteenth century. 3: “Campement der Schweden und Dänen”, Sweden, Denmark, Poland, 1655–1689 (19 plans), early eighteenth century. 4: Sweden, Denmark, Russia, Poland, Holy Roman Empire, Saxony, Weimar, Hessen, France, England, Bohemia, Austria, Venice, Sardinia, Ukraine, Turkey, 1620–1749 (206 plans), probably nineteenth century. 5: Sweden, Denmark, Poland, the Holy Roman Empire, Bavaria, Bohemia, Saxony, Hessen, Weimar, France, the Netherlands, England, Ireland, Spain, Hungary, Venice, Turkey, Moldavia, Walachia, 1620–1707 (101 plans), donated to the Military Academy (Krigsvetenskapsakademien) by Col. Rode of Norway in 1821.

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish). A topographical register is published in “Krigsarkivets beståndsöversikt”, Part 9, in: Meddelanden från Krigsarkivet, XVII (Stockholm, 1998). Visually attractive Many of the battle plans are visually attractive.

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Related materials • • •

Foreign War Plans (Utländska krigsplaner, reference code: SE/KRA/ 0407). Sweden’s Wars (Sveriges krig, reference code: SE/KRA/0425). Plates of Historical events (Historiska planscher, reference code: SE/ KRA/0426).

Publications •

“Krigsarkivets beståndsöversikt”, Part 9, in: Meddelanden från Krigsarkivet, XVI (Stockholm, 1997), XVII (Stockholm, 1998).

Plates of Historical Events Record group Plates of Historical Events Historiska planscher Reference code : Se/Kra/0426 Period : 1030–1904 Extent : 701 plates Abstract The collection contains copper engravings, lithographs, etc. (originals, reproductions and new impressions), depicting historic events. It has been arranged chronologically on the dates of the historical events depicted, the main emphasis being on military events in which Sweden was actively involved. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1520–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : various languages

As the collection focuses on military events in which Sweden was actively involved, it includes several relevant plates.

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Accessibility Checklist (in Swedish); a concise list is available online at: www.statensarkiv.se/default.asp?id=7566&red=1132. A topograhical list has been published in “Krigsarkivets beståndsöversikt”, Part 9, in: Meddelanden från Krigsarkivet, XVII (Stockholm, 1998). Record creator / provenance The collection has been compiled at the Military Archives of Sweden. Visually attractive Many of the plates are visually attractive. Related materials • • • •

Foreign Wars (Utländska krigsplaner, reference code: SE/KRA/0497). Manuscript Atlases (Handritade kartverk, reference code: SE/KRA/ 0414). Sweden’s Wars (Sveriges krig, reference code: SE/KRA/0425). Orders of Battle (Ordres de bataille, reference code: SE/KRA/0438).

Publications •

“Krigsarkivets beståndsöversikt”, Parts 1–10, in: Meddelanden från Krigsarkivet, XI: 1, 2 (Stockholm, 1989), XV: 1–5 (Stockholm, 1994), XVI (Stockholm, 1997), XVII (Stockholm, 1998), XVIII (Stockholm, 1999).

Sea Charts Administration, Sea Charts Record group Sea Charts Administration, Sea Charts Sjökarteverket, Sjökartor Reference code : SE/KRA/0515/B Period : 1645–1869 Extent : 1965 sea charts

2042

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Abstract The record group comprises manuscript and printed navigation charts created as part of the activities of precursors of the Sea Charts Administration. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1645–1852 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : various languages

Relevant sea charts depict the following regions: Coast of Sweden • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

From the Norwegian border to Särö, 1645–1816 (102 navigation charts). From Särö to Kullen, 1699–1804 (32 navigation charts). From Kullen to Stenshuvud, 1725–1851 (106 navigation charts). From Stenshuvud to Torhamn, 1684–1837 (114 navigation charts). From Torhamn to Kråkelund, 1646–1856 (57 navigation charts). From Kråkelund to Kvädö, 1771–1772 (1 navigation chart). From Kvädö to Kungshamn, 1653–1789 (26 navigation charts). From Kungshamn to Landsort, 1752–1790 (12 navigation charts). From Landsort to Arholma, 1691–1852 (146 navigation charts). From Arholma to Björn, 1724–1841 (32 navigation charts). From Björn to Bålsö, 1725–1815 (38 navigation charts). From Bålsö to Härnön, 1727–1799 (14 navigation charts). From Härnön to Skagsudde, 1736–1822 (11 navigation charts). From Skagsudde to Bjuröklubb, 1724–1799 (38 navigation charts). From Bjuröklubb to Germandö, 1736–1766 (6 navigation charts). From Germandö to the Finnish border, 1721–1841 (22 navigation charts). Gotland, 1646–1811 (67 navigation charts). Swedish lakes.

Coast of Finland • •

From the Swedish border to Sideby, 1730–1834 (83 navigation charts). From Sideby to Hangö udd, 1736–1803 (261 navigation charts).

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From Hangö udd to the Russian border, 1690–1806 (399 navigation charts). Åland archipelago, 1727–1809 (139 navigation charts).

Other countries bordering the Baltic Sea and the Netherlands • • • •

Denmark, 1801–1856 (15 navigation charts). Russia, 1701–1792 (20 navigation charts). Germany, 1759–1813 (49 navigation charts). The Netherlands, undated (2 navigation charts).

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish). Record creator / provenance The Sjömätningskåren was formed in 1809, and from 1824 onwards was included in the Naval Affairs Administration under the name of Sjökartearkivet, renamed as Sjökartekontoret in 1849. In 1872, this department was made a separate authority, Sjökarteverket. Before all this, responsibility for the compilation of navigation charts was vested in the Inspector of Pilotage (1645–1687), the Navigation Ofce (1687–c. 1745), and the Pilotage Ofce (c. 1745–1791). Custodial history These navigation charts have been kept together despite organisational changes of the archiving authority. Visually attractive Many of the sea charts are visually attractive. Related materials • •

Admiralty Board, Pilotage Service (Amiraliteskollegium, Lotskontoret, reference code: SE/KRA/0502). Foreign Sea Charts (Utländska sjökort, reference code: SE/KRA/ 0413).

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Publications •

“Krigsarkivets beståndsöversikt”, Parts 1–10, in: Meddelanden från Krigsarkivet, XI: 1, 2 (Stockholm, 1989), XV: 1–5 (Stockholm, 1994), XVI (Stockholm, 1997), XVII (Stockholm, 1998), XVIII (Stockholm, 1999).

South Pilotage District Record group South Pilotage District Södra lotsdistriktet Reference code : SE/KRA/0508A Period : 1724–1904 Extent : 18 metres Abstract These archives consist of draft documents, incoming documents, daybooks, rolls, les and accounts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1724–1800 : Sweden : Swedish

For the period until 1800, only 12 volumes (draft documents and incoming documents) are extant. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance Pilotage operations along the coasts of the realm were managed by the regional pilotage districts, which were accountable to the Director of Pilotage at the Admiralty Board.

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Related materials • • •

North Pilotage District (Norra lotsdistriktet, reference code: SE/KRA/ 0508/01/Ö). Admiralty College, Pilotage Service (Amiralitetskollegium, Lotskontoret, reference code: SE/KRA/0502). Naval Affairs Administration, Pilotage service (Förvaltningen av sjöärendena, Lotsverkskontoret, 1798–1832, reference code: SE/KRA/0502).

Publications •

“Krigsarkivets beståndsöversikt”, Part 6, in: Meddelanden från Krigsarkivet, XV: 4 (Stockholm, 1994).

Stockholm Squadron 1715–1757 Record group Stockholm Squadron 1715–1757 Stockholms eskader 1715–1757 Reference code : SE/KrA/0500–0503/036 Period : 1715–1757 Extent : 10 volumes Abstract This record group consists of the papers of the Stockholm squadron. It contains mainly pilot muster rolls. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1715–1757 : Sweden : Swedish

Relevant are the incoming documents with the pilot muster rolls (series E IV, volumes 1–10), which provide information on men active as pilots. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish) (reference code: 529 A), series E IV.

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Custodial history A permanent squadron was formed in Stockholm from 1715 on, after the principal Swedish naval base had been transferred to Karlskrona in the 1680s. Certain administrative units were formed a few years later. Related materials •

Stockholm Squadron 1716–1756 (Stockholms eskader 1716–1756, SE/ KRA/0529/A); incoming records (series E IV) also include pilot muster rolls.

Publications •

“Krigsarkivets beståndsöversikt”, Part 6, in: Meddelanden från Krigsarkivet, XV: 4 (Stockholm, 1994).

Topographical Maps, Sweden Record group Topographical Maps, Sweden Topograska kartor, Sverige Reference code : SE/KRA/0400 Period : 1500–1990 Extent : 2566 maps Abstract The collection comprises manuscript and printed topographical maps of Sweden, some also showing portions of neighbouring countries. Most of the main geographical sections are divided into general and detailed maps. A general map covers the whole area of the region it is led under, a detailed map a part thereof. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1500–1800 : Denmark, Finland, Sweden : Swedish

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The following sections contain relevant maps: Sweden • • •

General maps, sixteenth century–1942 (229 maps). Detailed maps. Communications maps (such as road maps), 1726–1984 (151 maps).

Counties of Uppland and Stockholm • •

General maps, 1720–1984 (25 maps). Detailed maps, c. 1640–1942 (185 maps).

County of Södermanland •

Detailed maps, 1718–1874 (32 maps).

County of Västmanland • •

General maps, 1800–1942 (8 maps). Detailed maps, 1778–1913 (29 maps).

County of Närke •

Detailed maps, 1718–31 (31 maps).

County of Värmland • •

General maps, 1712–1846 (19 maps). Detailed maps, 1683–1941 (82 maps).

County of Dalarna • •

General maps, 1683–1941 (21 maps). Detailed maps, 1648–1926 (47 maps).

Counties of Gästrikland and Hälsingland •

General maps, 1796–1940 (42 maps).

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Counties of Jämtland, Härjedalen and Medelpad • •

General maps, 1645–1913 (39 maps). Detailed maps, 1646–1913 (81 maps).

Counties of Västerbotten, Norrbotten and Swedish Lapland • •

General maps, 1721–1904 (19 maps). Detailed maps, 1642–1940 (78 maps).

County of Östergötland • •

General maps, 1779–1884 (10 maps). Detailed maps, 1653–1956 (51 maps).

Counties of Småland and Öland • •

General maps, 1797–1956 (11 maps). Detailed maps, 1654–1929 (63 maps).

Counties of Västergötland and Dalsland • •

General maps, 1657–1941 (35 maps). Detailed maps, 1600–1912 (107 maps).

Counties of Göteborg (Gothenburg) and Bohuslän • •

General maps, 1695–1984 (28 maps). Detailed maps, 1725–1889 (130 maps).

County of Halland • •

General maps, 1652–1985 (14 maps). Detailed maps, c. 1670–1983 (19 maps).

County of Skåne • •

General maps, 1684–1844 (46 maps). Detailed maps, 1686–1927 (138 maps).

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County of Blekinge • •

General maps, 1684–1823 (4 maps). Detailed maps, 1684–1811 (16 maps).

County of Gotland •

General maps, 1646–1990 (19 maps).

Lakes, rivers and other watercourses in Svealand and Norrland • •

General maps, 1637–1840 (26 maps). Detailed maps, 1677–1895 (83 maps).

Lakes, rivers and other watercourses in Götaland • •

General maps, 1678–1837 (31 maps). Detailed maps, 1654–1869 (57 maps).

Baltic Sea coastal archipelago •

Detailed maps, 1673–1928 (55 maps).

West coast archipelago •

Detailed maps, 1659–1778 (20 maps).

Hydrographical maps • • • • • • •

Baltic Sea, Great and Lesser Belts and the Sound (Öresund), 1761–1833 (52 maps). Bothnian Gulf and Bothnian Sea, 1759–1833 (17 maps). Stockholm archipelago, 1693–1980 (16 maps). Baltic Sea coast, c. 1680–1989 (59 maps). Kattegat and Bohus Bay, 1691–1843 (33 maps). Lakes Mälaren, Hjälmaren and Glan, 1693–1821 (9 maps). Lakes Vänern and Vättern, 1773–1838 (6 maps).

Border with Finland •

1618–1929 (22 maps).

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Border with Norway •

1659–1905 (115 maps).

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); summary available online at: www.statensarkiv. se/default.asp?id=7556&red=1132. A topograhical list has been published in “Krigsarkivets beståndsöversikt”, Part 9, in: Meddelanden från Krigsarkivet, XVII (Stockholm, 1998). Visually attractive Many of the maps are visually attractive. Related materials • •

Manuscript Atlases (Handritade kartverk, reference code: SE/KRA/ 0414). King’s Map Book (Kungsboken, reference code: SE/KRA/0437).

Publications •

“Krigsarkivets beståndsöversikt”, Part 9, in: Meddelanden från Krigsarkivet, XVII (Stockholm, 1998).

Town and Fortress Plans, Sweden Record group Town and Fortress Plans, Sweden Stads- och fästningsplaner, Sverige Reference code : SE/KRA/0424 Period : 1521–1942 Extent : 13147 maps, plans and drawings Abstract This collection consists of manuscript plans of Swedish localities and fortresses, including both ordinary town plans and fortication plans, and focusing on defence works. The collection also contains early drawings of barracks. The drawings from the Fortications Administration (Forti-

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kationen) are divided into “relations” (accounts of executed fortication works), “proposals” (incoming particulars on planned works) and plans. The collection also includes bundles of written documentation concerning some of the fortications. The materials are arranged alphabetically on location. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1521–1800 : Sweden : Swedish

The collection includes many relevant maps, plans and drawings. Accessibility Finding aid available online at: www.statensarkiv.se/default.asp?id=7564& red=1132. A topograhical list has been published in “Krigsarkivets beståndsöversikt”, Part 9, in: Meddelanden från Krigsarkivet, XVII (Stockholm, 1998). Visually attractive Many of the maps and drawings are visually attractive. Related materials • • • • • •

Foreign Maps (Utländska kartor, reference code: SE/KRA/0406). Sweden’s Wars (Sveriges krig, reference code: SE/KRA/0425). Foreign War Plans (Utländska krigsplaner, reference code: SE/KRA/ 0407). Manuscript Atlases (Handritade kartverk, reference code: SE/KRA/ 0414). Foreign Town and Fortress Plans (Utländska stads- och fästningsplaner, reference code: SE/KRA/0406). Printed Town Maps (Tryckta stadsplaner, reference code: SE/KRA/ 0432).

Publications •

“Krigsarkivets beståndsöversikt”, Part 9, in: Meddelanden från Krigsarkivet, XVII (Stockholm, 1998).

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NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF SWEDEN Riksarkivet Stockholm www.ra.se/ra

Accounts of the Town of Göteborg Record group Accounts of the Town of Göteborg Göteborgs stads räkenskaper Reference code : SE/RA/55212 Period : 1673–1818 Extent : 109 volumes, 28 metres Abstract These archives consist of the accounts and vouchers sent by the town of Göteborg (Gothenburg) to the Kammarkollegium in Stockholm. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1673–1818 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

The archives comprise main ledgers and vouchers from Göteborg for the years 1673–1701, 1703–1705, 1707–1711, 1715, 1717–1735, 1737–1738, 1741, 1752–1762, 1765–1766, 1770–1771, 1777, 1790–1818. The vouchers include, for example, tolag daybooks and “weigh books”. The tolag daybooks give particulars of skippers, ships, cargoes and destinations (towns on the west coast of Sweden, but also ports around the Baltic Sea and elsewhere). The “weigh books” list traders and goods (iron products, but also other commodities).

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Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by J. Liedgren (1943). Record creator / provenance The accounts of the Town of Göteborg are included in the Kammararkivet (Chamber Archives). This set of archives mainly consists of documents deriving from the Royal Chamber (from c. 1540 on) and the Kammarkollegium (formed in 1634). These archives, covering some 8000 metres of shelf space, merged institutionally with the national Archives in 1922. Custodial history Parts of the archives have been damaged by re. Publications • •

Dalhede, C., Tolagjournaler under tidigmodern tid i Göteborg. Källmaterial och möjligheter (Göteborg, 2005). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 4, Kammararkivet (Stockholm, 1995).

Baltic Bailiffs’ Accounts Record group Baltic Bailiffs’ Accounts Baltiska fogderäkenskaper Reference code : SE/RA/5142 Period : 1561–1629 Extent : 188 volumes, 13 metres Abstract This collection consists of accounts transmitted from various accountable persons to the Stockholm Chamber. They do not include frälsejord (taxexempted holdings of the aristocracy, a considerable portion of the sum total). The collection includes Vackeböcker, listing foodstuffs, etc., delivered to the Crown estate, and also giving personal information on the peasants delivering them.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1561–1629 : Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, Sweden : Low German, Swedish

These documents do not directly concern Baltic Sea trade but are an important source for studying Swedish-occupied territories around the Baltic Sea, such as their population structures, land ownership and agricultural produce. Accounts of various kinds exist for instance of the following areas: • • • • • • •

Harrien, e.g. Reval/Tallinn: 1561–1622, and Padis: 1562–1576, 1590– 1619. Wiek and Dagö (Hiiumaa), e.g. Hapsal Castle and its appurtenant county: 1564–1573, 1583–1629. Jerwen: 1562–1572, 1581–1616. Wierland, e.g. Narva Castle: 1581–1622, and Nyslott: 1582–1583, 1615– 1624. Ingermanland, e.g. Ivangorod: 1581–1590, 1612–1628, Nöteborg: 1612– 1618, and Nyenskans: 1613–1617. Livonia, e.g. Pernau (Pärnu) Castle and its appurtenant county: 1562–1565, 1600–1622, and Dorpat (Tartu): 1629. Ösel (Saarema): 1568–1573.

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by A. Forsell (1930). Record creator / provenance Following the incorporation of the town of Reval (Tallinn) and the north Estonian provinces of Harrien and Wierland into the kingdom of Sweden in 1561, the Swedish taxation system was introduced in parts of the Baltic territories. These were successively enlarged and in 1629 comprised Estonia, Ingria and northern Livonia. The Swedish Crown mainly acquired territories that had been held by the Teutonic Order, as well as Church lands. Thus the bailiffs’ accounts do not include the tax-exempted land holdings of the aristocracy, referred to as frälsejord. Publications •

Koit, J., “Kammararkivets baltiska samlingar”, in: Meddelande från svenska riksarkivet 1970–1973 (Stockholm, 1976), pp. 125–141.

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Ill. 22. Account book listing taxes levied in the administrative province of the Padis monastery in Estonia, 1592. National Archives of Sweden (Stockholm): “Baltic Bailiffs’ Accounts” (reference code: SE/RA/5142), no. F 375.

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Korhonen, A., Vakkalaitos. Yhteiskuntahistoriallinen tutkimus (Vakkainstitutionen. Samhällshistorisk undersökning). Tutkimuksia, Historiallisia, Vol. 6 (Helsinki, 1923). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 4, Kammararkivet (Stockholm, 1995), pp. 114–118. Tarvel, E., Adramaa (Hakeland, plogland) (Tallinn, 1972).

Barthold Ruuth Record group Barthold Ruuth Barthold Ruuth Reference code Period Extent

: SE/RA/720070 : 1650–1707 : 26 volumes

Abstract The archives of Barthold Ruuth (1626–1707) contain draft correspondence, incoming letters and ofcial and nancial papers (such as documents from the Kammarkollegium estate papers). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1680–1691 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

The archives contain documents concerning the period Ruuth served as director of the “Renovated Tar Company”, letters and accounts relating to the production and sale of pitch from the period 1681–1689, and accounts and other documents (proceedings, crew lists) regarding a number of ships from the years 1680–1691. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by D. Almqvist (1932).

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Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 8, Enskilda arkiv (Stockholm, 2006), pp. 969–971.

Bennet Family Association Record group Bennet Family Association Bennetska släktgillet Reference code : SE/RA/720082 Period : 1756–1810 Extent : 10 volumes Abstract These archives mostly consist of documents concerning captain Stephan Bennet (1751–1810), correspondence, maps and drawings. The materials also include papers from his grandfather, director Stephen Bennet (1691–1757), and his father, Thomas Wilhelm Bennet (1722–1791). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1771–1790 : Finland, Russia, Sweden, various countries : Swedish

Volume E 9254 contains documents from sea voyages, including a logbook of a trip to St. Petersburg in 1777 and a logbook kept by the rst mate of the pilot vessel Svalan in 1773. There are also notes concerning navigation and shipbuilding, and a diary written aboard the frigate Regressen during a voyage from Stockholm to Marseille in 1771–1772. Volume E 9255 contains documents relating to industries in Sweden and Finland at the end of the eighteenth century. Volume E 9258 includes drawings of warships and a sketch map of currents in the Gulf of Finland. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by A. Soom (1962).

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Visually attractive Volume E 9258 contains drawings of warships and a sketch map of currents in the Gulf of Finland. Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 8, Enskilda arkiv (Stockholm, 2006), p. 76.

Bielke Collection Record group Bielke Collection Bielkesamlingen Reference code Period Extent

: SE/RA/720095 : 1455–1783 : 479 volumes

Abstract This collection contains documents relating to the Bielke family, such as Hogenskild Bielke (1538–1605), Sten Bielke (1624–1684), and Ture Nilsson Bielke (1606–1648). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1455–1783 : Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Sweden : Swedish

Relevant materials include correspondence and a large number of estate papers from farms or estates in Sweden and Finland (in volumes E 1984, 1994–1996), the Baltic territories (Estonia: E 2162–2165, Livonia: 2166) and Germany (E 2166, 2167). Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish).

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Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 8, pp. 108–117.

Bremensia Record group Bremensia Bremensia Reference code Period Extent

: SE/RA/2408 : 1647–1720 : 155 volumes, 16 metres

Abstract The Bremensia collection contains documents relating to the provinces of Bremen and Verden during the Swedish period, 1648–1719. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1638–1719 : Germany, Sweden : High German, Low German, Swedish

This collection does not contain any specic archival series relating to trade or shipping, but documents on these subjects are to be found in all four main sections of the collection: 1. Correspondence to the King in Council from the Governor-General and government of Bremen-Verden and from commissions, the nobility, towns, localities and private persons. These include letters from the towns of Stade, Buxtehude, Verden, Lehe, Carlsburg and Geestendorf 1647–1707 (volumes 49, 50). 2. Fragments of the Bremen-Verden government archives, e.g. draft versions of correspondence from the government and Governor-General to the King in Council, 1680–1698 (volumes 58, 59), and to other towns in Germany and Sweden, 1680–1699 (volume 61), as well as letters to the Governor-General from the King in Council, 1668–1699 (volumes 70–73), and from private persons, 1638–1719 (volumes 78–98). 3. Archives of Christoph Ficke, district clerk (Amtskrivare) of Hagen, including scal data and accounts for the Hagen district (Amt), 1651–1700 (volumes 101–110).

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4. Documents, arranged by subject, relating to Bremen-Verden, e.g. documents concerning customs tariffs in Bremen-Verden for various towns and the Elbe toll in Hamburg, seventeenth century (volume 139). Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by A. Soom (1953). Record creator / provenance The archives consist of documents originating from the royal chancery (main sections 1 and 4) and from the local Bremen-Verden administration. During the Swedish period, the civil administration was divided between three institutions located at the town of Stade: the Regeringskollegiet, Justitiekollegiet (reconstituted as a court of appeal, Hovrätt, in 1663) and Konsistoriet. Having been occupied by the Swedes since 1645 (and previously between 1632 and 1636), the archdiocese of Bremen and the diocese of Verden (between the Elbe and Weser Rivers) passed to Sweden following the Peace of Westphalia. During the war between Sweden and Brandenburg, Bremen-Verden was occupied in 1676 but returned to Sweden (minus a few districts) in 1679. In 1712 the territory was captured by Denmark, and in 1719 Sweden ceded it to Hannover. Custodial history Parts of the local Bremen-Verden ofcial archives were evacuated to Sweden during the Great Northern War. Following the peace settlement of 1719, these archives were to be transferred to the Hannoverian government, but several documents of local provenance remained in Sweden. Related materials • •

Bremen-Verden. The Chamber in Stade 1651–1717 (Bremen-Verden. Kammaren i Stade 1651–1717, reference code: SE/RA/54108). Bursary in Stade. Johan Manderstiernas Archives (Räntekammaren i Stade. Johan Manderstiernas arkiv, reference code: SE/RA/54109).

Publications • •

Böhme, K.-R., Bremisch-Verdische Staatsnanzen 1643–1676 (Uppsala, 1967). Fiedler, B.-C., Die Verwaltung der Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden in der Schwedenzeit 1652–1712 (Stade, 1987).

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Fiedler, B.-C., Förvaltningen av hertigdömena Bremen och Verden under svensktiden (Karolinska Förbundets Årsbok, 1987). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden. Kungl. Maj:ts kansli. Utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996).

Central Customs Accounts Record group Central Customs Accounts Centrala tullräkenskaper Reference code : SE/RA/55305 Period : 1623–1819 Extent : 525 items, 89 metres Abstract This collection consists of general ledgers submitted by the general toll administrator of the Great Sea Toll (on foreign trade) and the inspectorgeneral of the Small Tolls (on domestic trade) to the Kammarkollegium (the Judicial Board for Public Lands and Funds), as well as accounts sent in by the general toll farmer societies. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1623–1810 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

The accounts of the general toll administrator of the Great Sea Toll (on foreign trade) contain particulars regarding the revenues collected and expenditures, based on local accounting records. Series AI consists of Crown accounts from before 1726 regarding the Great Sea Toll and the Border Toll (1623–1724, 23 volumes). These contain personal particulars of Swedish and foreign seafarers and skippers, and in certain cases concerning passengers, regarding where (which country or town) they came from and where they were bound for. Places include harbours in the Baltic Sea region and other countries. Of particular relevance with regard to information concerning goods and charges paid are the revenue

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and expenditure accounts of the Great Sea Toll (export and import duties) in Sweden and Finland, 1641 and 1657 (AI: 4, 6); vouchers for the Great Sea Toll, 1654 and 1657 (AI: 5, 7); the Sound licenten journal, 1660 (AI: 9a); and accounts of goods leaving and arriving in Stockholm, 1717 (AI: 21, 22). Series CIa consists of Crown accounts from 1726 regarding the Great Sea Toll and the Border Toll (1766–1810, 66 volumes). These contain general ledgers and vouchers. The former provide information on the proceeds of the customs duties (tolls) and charges, as well as on customs expenditure, but contain no particulars regarding skippers, goods or destinations. Information of this kind can be found in the vouchers for 1783, 1784, 1794, 1796 and 1798–1810 (CIa: 12, 14, 25, 27, 30–33, 35, 38–42, 44–48, 50–54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66). Some of these also include “conscation journals”, giving particulars of imports of illegal commodities, the nes imposed for this and the parties involved. Series CIb includes Sea Toll journals and vouchers (1773–1799, 43 volumes). These contain accounts relating to, among other things, the Sea Toll Chambers in Dalarö, Nyköping, Norrköping, Söderköping, Västervik, Karlskrona, Ystad, Kalmar, Malmö, Björneborg, Åbo (Turku), Ratan, Gamla Karleby, Uleåborg, Vasa, Jakobstad, Kaskö, Hangö, Helsingfors (Helsinki), Helsingborg, Barösund, Porkaludd, Lovisa, Härnösand, Gävle, Halmstad, Vaxholm, Visby, Varberg, Kungälv, Marstrand, Kristianstad, Strömstad, Uddevalla, Landskrona, Göteborg (Gothenburg) and Stockholm. The information contained in the journals and vouchers varies, but they usually state the size of the ship, skipper’s name, size of the crew, home port, destination and cargo. Particulars of the party or parties ordering the goods may also be included. Accessibility Inventory, by E. Blumfeldt (1969/1970). Record creator / provenance The customs accounts were compiled centrally from about 1636. The levying of customs and its supervision had for a long time been the responsibility of the Kammarkollegium (Judicial Board for Public Lands and Funds), but when the Kommerskollegium (National Board of Trade) became a separate authority in 1651, the main responsibility for customs duties was transferred there. It was reverted to the Kammarkollegium in 1676, however. During the periods when the customs were farmed out to various general toll farm societies (1726–1765, 1777–1782, 1803–1812), no particulars of customs

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revenues were sent in (only customs farmers’ accounts). These particulars can now be found in, for example, the Central Customs Archives from before 1825 (see under “Related materials”). Custodial history Only a small portion of the originally large stock of central customs accounts from before 1726 has survived. Related materials • •

Central Customs Archives before 1825 (Centrala tullräkenskaper före 1825, reference code: SE/RA/4110). Local Customs Accounts, (Lokala tullräkenskaper, reference code: SE/ RA/51309).

Publications • •

• • •

• • • •

Andersson Palm, L., “Tullserierna en värdefull historisk källa”, in: Scandia (1993), pp. 315–328. Fridén, B., På tröskeln till marknaden. Institutionell kontext, makt och ekonomisk effektivitet i Västsverige 1630–1800. Meddelande från ekonomisk-historiska institutionen vid Göteborgs universitet, Vol. 62 (Gothenburg, 1991). Fridén, B., “Småtullhuvudböckerna om vardagsekonomin”, in: Scandia (1993), pp. 297–314. Riksarkivet beståndsöversikt, Vol. 4, Kammararkivet (Stockholm, 1995), pp. 357–359. Sandström, Å., Mellan Torneå och Amsterdam. En undersökning av Stockholms roll som förmedlare av varor i regional- och utrikeshandel 1600–1650 (Stockholm 1990). Smith, W., Studier i svensk tulladministration, Vols. 1–2 (Sölvesborg, 1950–1955). Vallerö, R., Svensk handels- och sjöfartsstatistik 1637–1813. En tillkomsthistorisk undersökning (Stockholm, 1969). Wikberg, K., Alla dessa tullar—en arkivguide. Vägledning till tullarkiv och tullhandlingar i Riksarkivet (Stockholm, 2006). Åmark, K., Sveriges statsnanser 1719–1809, Vols. I–III (Stockholm 1961).

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Central Customs Authorities (Fragments) Record group Central Customs Authorities (Fragments) Centrala tullmyndigheter (fragment) Reference code : SE/RA/54101 Period : 1586–1797 Extent : 87 volumes, 9 metres Abstract These archives consist of incoming papers (royal commissions and instructions, letters to and from authorities) concerning the Swedish and Finnish customs administration and other documents relating to the administration of the customs, such as accounts (only from some years) of various customs chambers (with particulars on wages, personnel strength, etc.). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1636–1641 : Finland, Sweden, various countries : Swedish

Volume 1 b contains trade statistics dating from 1636–1641, with for instance gures on goods exported (quantity and type) from Swedish and Finnish staple towns in 1640–1641, and particulars on goods imported through Swedish and Finnish staple towns in 1640. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by E. Blumfeldt (1968/1970). Record creator / provenance Most of the fragments come from the General Toll Administrators/Deputy Directors-General of the Great Sea Toll and the Inspectors-General/Deputy Directors-General of the Small Tolls (duties charged on domestic trade). Publications •

Riksarkivet beståndsöversikt, Vol. 4, Kammararkivet (Stockholm, 1995), pp. 227–229.

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Sandström, Å., Mellan Torneå och Amsterdam. En undersökning av Stockholms roll som förmedlare av varor i regional- och utrikeshandel 1600–1650 (Stockholm, 1990). Smith, W., Studier i svensk tulladministration, Vols. 1, 2 (Sölvesborg, 1950–1955). Wikberg, K., Alla dessa tullar—en arkivguide. Vägledning till tullarkiv och tullhandlingar i Riksarkivet (Stockholm, 2006).

Commission in Halmstad Concerning the Capture of the Danish Ship St. Maria Record group Commission in Halmstad Concerning the Capture of the Danish Ship St. Maria Kommissorialrätt i Halmstad angående det uppbringande danska fartyget S.ta Maria Reference code : SE/RA/310174 Period : 1719–1721 Extent : 1 volume Abstract The records consist of minutes, resolutions and letters from and concerning the Commission. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1719–1721 : Denmark, Sweden : Swedish

All records deal with the capture of the Danish ship St. Maria in 1719. The nal report of the Commission dates from 14 March 1721. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), nding aid code: ÄK 174; also available online at: www.nad.ra.se.

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Record creator / provenance The Commission was appointed because of the capture of the Danish ship St. Maria by the Swedes in August 1719 during the Great Northern War (1700–1721). It probably existed until 1721 as it submitted its nal report in March of that year. It was based at Halmstad (in the south of Sweden halfway between Göteborg and Copenhagen). Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 3, Kommittéarkiv (Stockholm, 1993).

Commission on Foreign Merchants Trading and Residing in the Realm Record group Commission on Foreign Merchants Trading and Residing in the Realm Kommissionen angående Främmande Köpmäns Handel och Vistande i Riket Reference code : SE/RA/310537 Period : 1695 Extent : 1 volume Abstract The records of the Commission consist of letters and (drafts of ) reports sent to the King in Council. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1695 : Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, High German, Latin, Swedish

The Commission’s letters and reports contain information about the staple organisation and migration patterns, especially of merchants from the Netherlands and England. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), nding aid code: ÄK 537.

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Record creator / provenance The Commission dealt with the question whether and when foreign merchants residing and trading in the staple towns could become Swedish citizens. It was appointed on the 26th of February 1695 and probably only functioned in that year as the Commission was dissolved when the nal report had been submitted. Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 3, Kommittéarkiv (Stockholm, 1993).

Commission on the Balance of Trade Record group Commission on the Balance of Trade Kommitterande angående handelsbalansen Reference code : SE/RA/310553 Period : 1769–1770 Extent : 1 volume Abstract The records of the Commission consist of just two reports, dating from 1769 and 1770. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1769–1770 : Denmark, Sweden, various countries : Swedish

The Commission’s reports contain general information about Swedish exports and imports. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), nding aid code: ÄK 553.

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Record creator / provenance The Commission on the balance of trade was appointed on the 14th of February 1770 and seems to have been dissolved in the same year. Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 3, Kommittéarkiv (Stockholm, 1993).

Commission on the Great Sea Toll Tariff Record group Commission on the Great Sea Toll Tariff Kommissionen angående stora sjötullstaxorna Reference code : SE/RA/310775 Period : 1738–1745 Extent : 2 volumes Abstract The records consist of minutes of the Commission’s proceedings, draft versions of outgoing letters and a proposed sea toll tariff. The materials deal with imports to Sweden and its dependency Finland. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1667–1739 : Finland, Sweden : Swedish

Volume 2 contains particulars of customs tariffs for commodities according to the 1667 and 1730 regulations, plus the tariff proposed for 1739. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), nding aid code: ÄK 775. Record creator / provenance The Commission on the great sea toll tariff was appointed on the 21st of July 1738 and seems to have existed at least until 1745. It was based at Stockholm.

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Related materials • •

Äldre centrala tullarkiv. Generaltullarrendesocieteten m.. (reference code SE/RA/4110.01). Äldre centrala tullarkiv. Överdirektören vid sjötullen (reference code SE/RA/4110.02).

Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 3, Kommittéarkiv (Stockholm, 1993).

Committee Concerning the Seizure of Dutch Vessels Reclaimed by the Dutch Minister Record group Committee Concerning the Seizure of Dutch Vessels Reclaimed by the Dutch Minister Kommitterade angående uppbringningen av holländska fartyg, som av holländska ministern reklamerats Reference code : SE/RA/310800 Period : 1789 Extent : 1 volume Abstract The records consist of the minutes of the Committee. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1789 : Sweden, the Netherlands : Swedish

The minutes list the names, masters and cargoes of three Dutch ships seized in 1789, which were suspected of transporting contraband. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), nding aid code: ÄK 800.

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Record creator / provenance The Committee was appointed on 20 August 1789 and dissolved in the same year. Its task was to investigate the reclaim by a Dutch Minister of three Dutch vessels that were captured by the Swedish state during the war of 1788–1790 because of presumed contraband on board. Related materials •

Price Controls Committee (Kommitterade över Prisreglementet (Priskommissionen), reference code: SE/RA/310801).

Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 3, Kommittéarkiv (Stockholm, 1993).

Committee of Inquiry Concerning Bills of Exchange Record group Committee of Inquiry Concerning Bills of Exchange Deputerade för Utredning angående Växelförhållandena Reference code : SE/RA/310464 Period : 1763 Extent : 1 volume Abstract The records of this Committee consist of minutes and reports about nancial losses because of the bankruptcy of several merchants and businessmen in Hamburg and Amsterdam. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1763 : Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands : Swedish

Part of the records holds information about the costs of some merchandise and about businessmen and merchant houses in Amsterdam, Hamburg and Sweden.

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Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), nding aid code: ÄK 464. Record creator / provenance The Committee of Inquiry Concerning Bills of Exchange was apppointed on the 30th of August 1763 and seems to have been dissolved in the same year. Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 3, Kommittéarkiv (Stockholm, 1993).

Committee on the Wool and Corn Trade with Poland and Prussia Record group Committee on the Wool and Corn Trade with Poland and Prussia Kommitterande angående ull- och spannmålshandeln på Polen och Preussen Reference code : SE/RA/310547 Period : 1747–1752 Extent : 1 volume Abstract The records consist of minutes, letters and reports. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1747–1752 : Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden : Swedish

The records deal with Sweden’s wool and corn trade with Prussia and especially Poland. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), nding aid code: ÄK 547.

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Record creator / provenance The Committee on the wool and corn trade with Poland and Prussia was appointed in 1747 and seems to have existed at least until 1752. Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 3, Kommittéarkiv (Stockholm 1993).

Correspondence of Public Utilities, Government Ofcials, Directorates, etc., to the King in Council Record group Correspondence of Public Utilities, Government Ofcials, Directorates, etc., to the King in Council Allmänna verks, ämbetsmäns, direktioners m . skrivelser till Kungl. Maj:t Reference code : SE/RA/1135 Period : 17th century–1840 Extent : 825 volumes, 62 metres Abstract This collection consists of correspondence to the King in Council (the government) from minor authorities in Sweden and Finland, including public utilities, government ofcials and directorates. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1650–1838 : Finland, Sweden, various countries : Swedish

The correspondence may, for example, contain particulars concerning trade, shipping and customs duties. Documents from other authorities, private individuals and business enterprises, both in Sweden and Finland as well as in the Baltic provinces and other countries, may be appended to them. Materials in which particulars on trade and shipping are likely to be found include the following: •

Correspondence from customs inspectors (no. 234) and deputy DirectorsGeneral of the Great Sea Toll, seventeenth century to 1792 (nos. 235,

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236) as well as from the Generaltulldirektionerna (General Toll Directorate) and the Generelatullarrendesocieteterna (General Customs Leasehold Society), 1727–1802 (nos. 241–257). Correspondence from trading companies, e.g. tar companies, 1650–1713 (no. 800), and from manufacturing enterprises and shipyards, 1727–1838 (no. 811).

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by B. Lindén (1932). A topographic card index (with brief summaries of the contents) covers part of the collection. Record creator / provenance These documents emanate mostly from the various ofces of state formed at the beginning of the eighteenth century. These ofces drafted and presented matters for discussion by the Council. In the Royal Chancery, however, these papers were led in common series until 1840, in accordance with earlier principles. Related materials •

Correspondence to the King in Council (Government) from Administrative boards, etc., County Governors, Appeal Courts and Consistory Courts (Kollegiers m , landshövdingars, hovrätters och konsistoriers skrivelser till Kungl Maj:t, reference code: SE/RA/1134).

Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden. Kungl. Maj:ts kansli. Utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996).

Correspondence to the King in Council (Government) from Administrative Boards, etc., County Governors, Appeal Courts and Consistory Courts Record group Correspondence to the King in Council (Government) from Administrative Boards, etc., County Governors, Appeal Courts and Consistory Courts

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Kollegiers m ., landshövdingars, hovrätters och konsistoriers skrivelser till Kungl. Maj:t Reference code : SE/RA/1134 Period : 17th century–1840 Extent : 6109 volumes, 496 metres Abstract This record group consists of correspondence from central authorities in Sweden and Finland to the King in Council. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1611–1840 : Finland, Sweden, various countries : Swedish

The ofcial correspondence may contain particulars concerning, for example, trade, shipping and customs duties. Appended to this correspondence are documents deriving from other authorities, private individuals and business enterprises, both in Sweden and Finland as well as in the Baltic provinces and other countries. The correspondence is ordered chronologically and on the authorities the materials originate from (see under “Accessibility”). Some of the authorities of which the documents may include information about trade and shipping are presented below. •

•

•

•

Mines Authority (Bergskollegium), 1640–1840 (173 volumes). The papers provide information on Sweden’s mining industry, e.g. exports of mining products. Judicial Board for Public Lands and Funds (Kammarkollegium), 1611– 1840 (1014 volumes). This Board was Sweden’s main nancial administrative authority and as such audited, for example, Crown revenues from customs. Until the 1630s it was also responsible for matters concerning trade and mining. National Board of Trade (Kommerskollegium), 1651–1840 (512 volumes). This Board was mainly concerned with the promotion of trade, shipping and manufacturing, and between 1654 and 1675 it was also responsible for customs affairs. County governors (Landshövdingarna) in Sweden and Finland, 1635–1840. Ever since the establishment of the county administrations (länsstyrelsen) in 1634, the County governors served as the Crown’s representatives in the kingdom’s counties (until c. 1800 Sweden and

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Finland were divided into about thirty counties). The writings from the county governors are arranged on county or subject. They include reports on events in the counties and accordingly, in the case of the coastal counties, local information from staple towns, for instance concerning trade, shipping and manufacturing. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se (reference code: SE/RA/1134). Certain sections of the correspondence are covered by more detailed inventories. For parts of the collection, the National Archives Research Ofce (Forskarexpedition) has compiled a topographic card index with brief summaries of the contents. This index will be digitised and made available in 2007 at: www.svar.ra.se. Record creator / provenance The documents mostly derive from the various ofces of state that were formed in the early eighteenth century and that prepared matters for discussion by the Council. In the Royal Chancery, however, these transactions were led in common series until 1840, in accordance with earlier principles. Custodial history Parts of the collection, in particular records dating from before 1654, were destroyed in the re at the Stockholm Castle in 1697. Related materials •

Correspondence of Public Utilities, Government Ofcials, Directorates, etc., to the King in Council (Allmänna verks, ämbetsmäns, direktioners m  skrivelser till Kungl. Maj:t, reference code: SE/RA/1135).

Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden. Kungl. Maj:ts kansli. Utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996).

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Coyet Collection Record group Coyet Collection Coyetska samlingen Reference code : SE/RA/720205 Period : 1631–1658 Extent : 42 volumes Abstract The collection contains the archives of Peter Juliet Coyet (1618–1667), head of the Chancery and ambassador, which relate among other things to the Diocese of Bremen (1631–1657) and include correspondence (1650–1657) and les concerning negotiations with Denmark (1658). There are also papers regarding Vilhelm Julius Coyet (d. 1709) and a collection of transcripts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1631–1658 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden : High German, Latvian, Swedish

Relevant materials deriving from Peter Julius Coyet include the following: • • •

E 3397: Documents relating to the political status of Bremen-Verden, 1650–1658. E 3398: Correspondence, including many international letters. E 3401–3404: Correspondence related to diplomatic activities in Germany, 1657, and Denmark, 1658, and to the Roskilde peace negotiations.

The collection of transcripts includes papers relating to the copper trade (E 3427) and trade and shipping (E 3429–3431). Accessibility Inventory, with letter index (in Swedish) (1963). Custodial history The collection was acquired by the National Archives of Sweden through an archival exchange with the Danish National Archives in 1929.

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Copies Volumes E 3403 and E 3404 have been microlmed. Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 8, Enskilda arkiv (Stockholm, 2006), pp. 189–190.

Customs and “Licenten” Accounts of the Baltic Provinces Record group Customs and “Licenten” Accounts of the Baltic Provinces Östersjöprovinsernas tull- och licenträkenkaper Reference code : SE/RA/55412 Period : 1583–1707 Extent : 46 volumes Abstract This collection consists of the customs and licenten accounts of Sweden’s Baltic provinces. It provides only a fragmentary coverage of the Swedish period in the Baltic and contains documents relating to various customs duties and licenter (special customs charges levied in Sweden’s Baltic provinces). Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1583–1707 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Low German, Swedish

With regard to the customs accounts, especially the import and export rolls provide information concerning goods and their origin and destination, which include Baltic Sea and Dutch ports. The skippers’ names are also listed, as are the dates of the ships’ arrival or departure, and information concerning the merchants or other persons who ordered the goods and

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paid the customs dues. Similar information can be found in the vouchers regarding paid duty, which are extant for a number of years. The accounts themselves are not comprehensive and have many gaps and contain information concerning various kinds of customs duties. The collection includes accounts, in Swedish or German, concerning for example: •

•

•

•

Pound toll ( pundtulllen, paid by the Hanseatic towns since 1361 to keep the Baltic Sea clear of pirates) in Tallinn (Reval), import and export rolls, 1586, and customs registers, giving information concerning goods, merchants, skippers and ports, 1583–1587, 1600–1618, 1629–1631 and 1634–1637 (volumes 1–7). Customs registers concerning Narva, including, for example, import and export rolls and vouchers, 1583–1588 and 1610–1623 (volumes 8–19), Ivangorod, 1617–1620 (volume 20), and Novgorod, with information regarding merchants and goods, 1613–1614 (volume 21). Licenten, vouchers for the licenten ofces in Riga, Tallinn and Pärnu (Pernau), 1629 (volume 22), and for Riga, Tallinn, Narva, Nyen and Pärnu, 1631–1632 (volume 24), licenten accounts, 1650, 1652 and 1659 (volumes 30–32), and the main ledgers concerning the licenten, containing, for example, information regarding skippers (names and origin), ports of origin of the ships and their cargo for Ingria, 1679 (volume 34), and Ingria, Livonia and Estonia, 1705 and 1707 (volumes 36–37). Accounts for particular towns: import and export commodities passing through the licenten ofce in Riga, 1638–1696, and exports in 1656 (volume 40), customs slips for Narva, 1657–1691 (volume 43), customs and licenten dues for Pärnu, 1618–1677 (volume 44), accounts from the Arensburg (Kuressaare) licenten ofce, 1651, 1653 and 1655 (volume 45), and Riga, 1655–1658 (volume 46).

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by E. Blumfeldt (1953). Publications •

•

“Katalog des estländischen Generalgouverneursarchives aus der schwedischen Zeit”, in: Acta Archivi Centralis Estoniae, 3–4 (Tartu, 1936), I, p. 103, II, pp. 254, 263–264. Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, vol. 4, Kammararkivet (Stockholm, 1995).

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Customs Regulations Review Committee Record group Customs Regulations Review Committee Kommitterade angående tullförfattningarnas överseende Reference code : SE/RA/310776 Period : 1773–1776 Extent : 2 volumes Abstract The records consist of the Committee’s outgoing letters and its memorandum setting forth a proposed customs tariff. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1773–1776 : Finland, Sweden : Swedish

The materials contain particulars of proposed customs duties on certain goods and customs exemption for various trades (e.g. manufacturing, pharmacies and taverns). Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), nding aid code: ÄK 776. Record creator / provenance The Customs regulations review committee was appointed on the 26th of February 1773 and seems to have existed until 1776. Related materials • •

Äldre centrala tullarkiv. Generaltullarrendesocieteten m.. (reference code: SE/RA/4110.01). Äldre centrala tullarkiv. Överdirektören vid sjötullen (reference code: SE/RA/4110.02).

Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 3, Kommittéarkiv (Stockholm, 1993).

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De la Gardie Collection Record group De la Gardie Collection De la Gardieska samlingen Reference code : SE/RA/720222 Period : 1570–1690 Extent : 62 metres Abstract The main part of this collection concerns Chancellor of the Realm Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie (1622–1686) and contains his draft letters, incoming correspondence and documents relating to his business transactions and lands in Sweden, Finland and the Baltic states. The collection also includes material from other members of the De la Gardie family, such as Gustaf Adolf De la Gardie and Jakob De la Gardie. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1625–1680 : Estonia, Finland, Germany, Lithuania, Sweden, various countries : High German, Low German, Swedish

Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie’s records (740 volumes) include correspondence concerning the Baltic states, Pomerania, Finland, Germany and other countries (draft documents, volumes E 1210–1297, and incoming letters, E 1328–1646). The registry series contains letters of appointment, powers of attorney, etc., from his time as Governor-General in Sweden’s Baltic provinces, 1648–1651 (E 1322–1327). The material also includes documents (economic papers and taxation documents) concerning his Swedish property (E 1683–1733) and his Baltic lands in Estonia and Livonia (for example on the islands of Saaremaa (Ösel) and Ruhnu (Runö)) (E 1734–1760). Accessibility Inventories, in Meddelande från svenska Riksarkivet (MRA) (1887).

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Record creator / provenance Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie, Swedish Chancellor of the Realm and Governor-General of Sweden’s Baltic provinces, was born in Tallinn (Reval) in 1622 and died in present-day Sweden in 1686. Related materials •

Lund University Library: De la Gardie Collection (www.lub.lu.se).

Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, vol. 8, Enskilda arkiv (Stockholm, 2006), pp. 212–218.

Deputy Director-General of Sea Toll (General Sea Toll Ofce) Record group Deputy Director-General of Sea Toll (General Sea Toll Ofce) Överdirektören för sjötullen (Generalsjötullkontoret) Reference code : SE/RA/4110/4110.02 Period : 1696–1824 Extent : 35 metres Abstract These archives, divided into the records of the central ofce, three other ofces and the judge advocate, mostly contain documents concerning the nances and personnel of local customs authorities. These include statements of account with respect to the running of local Sea Toll chambers (with expenditures on, for example, personnel, premises and administration). The archives also contain documents on customs proceedings, for instance with particulars on conscations. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1748–1824 : Finland, Sweden, various countries : Swedish

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The archives contain documents relating to the administration and nances of the Swedish customs in Sweden and Finland. Information on foreign trade may be found, for example, in the accounting material, various correspondence with the General Sea Toll Ofce and records of customs proceedings in the archives of the Advocate Fiscal. The following are some of the series in the four main sections of the archives that may pertain to foreign trade. KANSLIET Series C1 comprises letter books of incoming correspondence from the Sea Toll chambers. These give a general view of the Sea Toll chambers’ activities. A large part of the transactions concerns personnel matters, but there are also particulars, for example, on merchants requesting customs exemption for certain goods and of shipments, skippers and goods from staple towns in Sweden and Finland. Series E1 contains particulars on employees (e.g. marital status, wages and qualications) at the various toll chambers and annual reports from the toll chambers in staple towns (1765–1824). The annual reports render account, for example, of toll revenues and trade in various commodities, and also of various manufactories/factories and merchants exporting and importing goods. Particulars may also be found here, for instance, on smuggling or other improprieties affecting customs revenues in the staple towns. Series F1 contains customs tariffs (eighteenth century, in alphabetical order). BOKSLUTSKONTORET The main ledgers (Huvudböckerna, series G1) include, for example, information concerning customs and farm revenues from staple towns (and other towns too) between 1748 and 1824, but no particulars on customs revenues on individual goods. REVISIONSKONTORET Volume E4:1 includes a customs daybook from 1801, containing particulars from the toll chambers of Swedish and Finnish towns concerning ships, skippers, cargoes and foreign towns of origin of the ships, as well as customs and convoy charges paid. ADVOKATFISKALEN (JUDGE ADVOCATE) Series C2 and C3 contain letter books and draft documents relating to Sea Toll proceedings (both domestic and foreign tolls) between 1766 and 1824,

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e.g. concerning conscations, fraud and smuggling. The incoming correspondence and les in those cases are not part of these archives, but the letter book gives references to the le assignment (e.g. to Kommerskollegium, the National Board of Trade). The cases may, however, be described in the draft versions of the judge advocate’s outgoing correspondence, which is bound together with the letter books. Accessibility Inventory in “Centrala tullarkiv före 1825”, by Karin Wikberg Lindroth (2004). Record creator / provenance The Deputy Director-General of the Sea Toll (Generalsjötullkontoret, General Sea Toll Ofce) was the central executive agency of the customs administration until 1824, charged principally with checking and auditing the accounts of local customs authorities. This Ofce came into existence around the mid-eighteenth century. Previously (seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries) its functions were housed under the same roof as the Stockholm local customs administration. During the second half of the eighteenth century, the central ofce of the General Sea Toll Ofce was also segregated from the ofces of the Generaltullarrendesocieteterna and the Generaltulldirektionernas (for their archives, see reference code: SE/RA/4110/4110.01). The General Sea Toll Ofce’s scal remit is also apparent from its internal organisation into two ofces: the Bokslutskontoret (Accounts Ofce) and Revisionskontoret (Audit Ofce), which evolved during the second half of the eighteenth century. The General Sea Toll Ofce ceased to exist with the formation of the National Board of Customs in 1824. This record group also includes the archives of the judge advocate, the customs administration’s prosecutor for customs cases. From 1678 onward, the customs administration prosecutor served as assessor in the sea toll courts, i.e. the special courts handling Sea Toll cases in staple towns. Related materials •

•

Earlier Central Customs Archives. The Deputy Director-General for the Land Toll (the General Land Toll Ofce) (Äldre centrala tullarkiv. Överdirektören för landtullen, reference code: SE/RA/4110/4110.03). Earlier Central Customs Archives. General Customs Leasehold Society, etc. (Äldre centrala tullarkiv. Generaltullarrendesocieteten m , reference code: SE/RA/4110/4110.01).

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Customs administration activities before 1726 are mostly included in the archives of the National Board of Trade (Kammarkollegium): Tull- och licentkontoret (reference code: SE/RA/521/521.12); accounts for the whole period are to be found in: Centrala tullräkenskaper (reference code: SE/ RA/55305). Publications • • • • • • • •

Andersson Palm, L., “Tullserierna en värdefull historisk källa”, in: Scandia, 2 (1993). Argus: årsbok för Tullmuseum och Tullhistoriska föreningen (1987–). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 5, Centrala myndigheter och domstolar. Internationella organ (Stockholm, 1999). Stålhane, A.R. (ed.), Tull- och sjöfartsförfattningar: Sveriges (Stockholm, 1892). Stiernman, A.A. von, “Samling utaf Kongl. Bref, Stadgar och förordningar etc. angående”, in: Tullhistorisk tidskrift (1979–1987). “Tullverket 1636–1986”, in: Jubileumsbok (Stockholm, 1986), with an English summary. Wikberg, K., “Generaltullstyrelsen och dess föregångares arkiv”, in: Argus (1992). Wikberg, K., Alla dess tullar—en arkivguide. Vägledning till tullarkiv och tullhandlingar i Riksarkivet (Stockholm, 2005).

Diplomatic Papers. Papers Pertaining to Denmark Record group Diplomatic Papers. Papers Pertaining to Denmark Diplomatica. Danica Reference code : SE/RA/2104 Period : c. 1500–1809 Extent : 499 volumes, 30 metres Abstract “Danica” is one of the collections in the Diplomatica collection, which contains documents concerning Sweden’s relations with foreign powers from about 1520 until 1809, when the so-called Division for Foreign Affairs (Utrikesexpeditionen) was abolished.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1523–1809 : Denmark, Finland, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands : French, Swedish

The records in the Danica collection are arranged in seven groups or series. Among other subjects, the records deal with trade regulation, goods, customs, shipping, merchants and diplomacy. Below follows a general description of the series’ contents. Series I, volumes 1–367: Letters and archives of Swedish diplomatic missions in Denmark 1537–1809 Broadly speaking, this series includes letters, drafts and reports (dispatches) exchanged between the King in Council, the Chancery Board and the Chancery Presidents, and the Swedish missions, envoys, consuls, GovernorsGeneral and foreign diplomats in Denmark and Norway. Many of the records deal with post-war peace negotiations between Denmark and Sweden, but there are also letters and diplomatic reports about, for example, trade and customs. In addition, volumes 227–229 contain letters from the Swedish missions in other European cities such as Berlin, The Hague and Hamburg (1744–1748). Series II, volumes 368–426: Letters from boundary commissioners and other documents dealing with Sweden’s boundaries with Denmark and Norway This series contains records from boundary commissioners dating from the period c. 1500–1786. Series III, volumes 427–448: Letters from Swedish commissioners, consuls and others in Denmark and Norway 1655–1809 Series IV, volumes 449–452: Letters from members of the Royal House of Oldenburg 1529–1809 The Danish royal family originates from the Lower Saxony town of Oldenburg. Series V, volumes 453–461: Memoranda and notes of Danish envoys 1622–1808

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Series VI, volumes 462–466: Minutes and other documents from conferences with Danish envoys in Sweden 1689–1756 Series VII, volumes 467–499 Miscellaneous documents concerning relations between Sweden and DenmarkNorway This series includes for example records originating from the commission dealing with the Norwegian lumber trade over the years 1747–1758 (volumes 494–497) and documents relating to privateering from the period 1804–1809 (volumes 498–499). Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), available at: www.nad.ra.se. S. Zander, “Danica” (1961), inventory in Swedish. Card catalogue of the correspondence in the Diplomatica collections. S. Tommos, The Diplomatica Collection in the Swedish National Archives (Skrifter utgivna av Svenska Riksarkivet, 5) (Stockholm, 1980). Record creator / provenance During the period 1520–1809, Sweden’s foreign policy was controlled by the King and/or the Council of the Realm (Riksrådet). Broadly speaking, the Council of the Realm is comparable to a modern-day government, but it had less power (as it had to share it with the King and the estates of the realm, Ständerna). During some periods (especially between 1719 and 1772), it was relatively powerful compared to the King. The Council was dissolved in 1789. In practice, the Council’s foremost member was rstly the Lord High Chancellor (Rikskanslern) and later on the Chancery President (Kanslipresidenten), whose duties roughly corresponded to those of a present-day Prime Minister and Foreign Secretary. Before the reign of Gustav II Adolf, which began in 1611, Sweden kept no permanent diplomatic missions abroad. The country was mostly represented by temporary agents or correspondents with shifting titles. During the 1620s and 1630s the appointment of some permanent diplomatic missions began under the direction of legates, residents, correspondents, etc. The main part of the Danica collection comprises material sent to the central governmental authorities who were responsible for the administration of foreign policy in Stockholm and for the archives of Sweden’s representatives abroad. The collection chiey consists of documents from the

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following sources: Royal Chancery/Chancery Board; Division for Foreign Affairs; Chancery President’s Ofce/Cabinet for Foreign Correspondents (after 1791); Committees of enquiry with regard to foreign affairs; boundary commissions and the like; and Swedish representatives abroad (diplomats, consuls, etc.). Custodial history The National Archives (initially located at the Stockholm Palace) was originally the archival repository of the Royal Chancery and an integral part of it. Therefore, archival materials were transferred to it at an early date. In the Stockholm Palace re of May 1697, only one-third of the materials in the National Archives was saved. The greater part of the drafts of royal letters before 1645 as well as the bulk of the collection of treaties with foreign powers were lost. The material that remained had to be rearranged. Before the principle of provenance was introduced (in the beginning of the twentieth century), the idea behind the arrangement was that materials of the same type were to be combined to form uniform collections. The material concerning Sweden’s relations with foreign powers was thus split into different collections, one of which is “Diplomatica. Danica”. Copies Volume 19, letters to the King in Council 1621–1626 from Anders Svensson/ Ödell, has been published in Svensk agent ved Sundet: Toldkommissaer og agent i Helsingør Anders Svenssons depecher til Gustav II Adolf og Axel Oxenstierna 1621–1626 (Aarhus, 1971). Related materials Archives of the Division for Foreign Affairs (Utrikesexpeditionens arkiv, reference code: SE/RA/11201).  Archives of the Cabinet for Foreign Correspondence/Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Kabinettet för utrikes brevväxlingen/Utrikesdepartementet, reference code: SE/RA/2110.01).  Chancery Series of Council Minutes (Det odelade kansliet. Rådsprotokoll, reference code: SE/RA/1111).  Chancery Series of Letter Books (Det odelade Kansliet. Riksregistraturet, reference code: SE/RA/1112.1).  Chancery Series of Royal Drafts (Det odelade Kansliet. Kungliga brev i koncept, original och avskrift, reference code: SE/RA/1113).  Chancery Series of Correspondence Registers (Det odelade Kansliet. Diarier, reference code: SE/RA/1114). 

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De la Gardie Collection (reference code: SE/RA/720222). Diplomatic Documents (Diplomatiska aktstycken, reference code: SE/ RA/203). Draft Prepared and Letters Received by Chancery Ofcials (Kanslitjänstemäns koncept och mottagna skrivelser, reference code: SE/RA/ 1441). Treaty Collection (Traktaktsamlingen, reference code: SE/RA/220). Archives of the Lord High Chancellor, Axel Oxenstierna, 1583–1654, in the Oxenstierna Collection (reference code: SE/RA/720701) and in the Tidö Collection (reference code: SE/RA/720859); see also the Oxenstierna project: www.ra.se/ra/Oxenstierna/oxenstierna1.html. Stegeborg Collection (Stegeborgssamlingen, reference code: SE/RA/ 720810). Sprengtporten Collection (Sprengtportenska samlingen, reference code: SE/RA/720805).

Publications •

• •

•

“Förteckning över i Riksarkivet förvarade ministeriella handlingar I. Danica”, in: Meddelande från Svenska Riksarkivet (Stockholm, 1900), p. 325. Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden, Kungl. Maj:ts kansli, Utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996). Svensk agent ved Sundet: Toldkommissaer og agent i Helsingør Anders Svenssons depecher til Gustav II Adolf og Axel Oxenstierna 1621–1626 (Aarhus, 1971). Tommos, S., The Diplomatica Collection in the Swedish National Archives (Stockholm, 1980).

Diplomatic Papers. Papers Pertaining to Germany Record group Diplomatic Papers. Papers Pertaining to Germany Diplomatica. Germanica Reference code : SE/RA/2106 Period : c. 1500–1809 Extent : 1442 volumes, 116 metres

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Abstract “Germanica” is one of the collections in the Diplomatica collection, which contains documents concerning Sweden’s relations with foreign powers from about 1520 until 1809, when the so-called Division for Foreign Affairs (Utrikesexpeditionen) was abolished. The records in the Germanica collection contain documents regarding the German states except for Brandenburg and Prussia, which make up a separate collection: “BrandenburgicoBorussica”. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1541–1808 : Estonia, Finland, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden : French, High German, Low German, Swedish

The collection is arranged in seven main sections, each concerning a different governmental institution or area. Broadly speaking, all sections include letters, drafts and reports (dispatches) exchanged between the King in Council, the Chancery Board and the Chancery Presidents and the Swedish missions, envoys, consuls, Governors-General and foreign diplomats in the various German states (which today also include parts of other countries). Among other subjects, the records (in particular the diplomatic reports) deal with trade, goods, shipping, merchants and diplomacy. Below follows a general description of the sections’ contents: Volumes 1–277: Holy Roman Empire. Germany in general. This section consists of records (minutes, letters, reports, etc.,) about the peace of Westphalia (1643–1653, volumes 1–31); letters, reports and minutes from and about the Diet (Reichstag) and the Supreme Court of the Reich (Reichskammergericht) (1640–1806, volumes 32–247); and diplomatic records not belonging to a distinct court or Circuit (district) (1614–1808, volumes 248–277), for example letters from Gdansk (Danzig) and Lübeck to the King in Council (1621–1630, volume 252). Volumes 278–619: Emperor 1652–1809 This section is divided into seven series, the largest of which is series I: letters and archives of Swedish diplomatic missions to the Emperor (volumes 278–588). Volume 605 comprises records concerning, among other subjects, the trade in Rostock (1574).

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Volumes 620–727: Upper Saxon Circuit This section is divided into ve series, of which series V (volumes 720–725) includes records concerning the relations between Sweden and Pommern (Pomerania) (1541–1803), for example letters from Stralsund and other towns in Pommern (1541–1647, volumes 724–725). Volumes 728–1275: Lower Saxon Circuit This section includes the following series: •

•

• •

•

Volumes 740–1056: records of the Swedish diplomatic missions in Hamburg, for example letters from commissioners, consuls and envoys (1625–1809), and from the city of Hamburg (1564–1807); volume 799 contains records about Hamburg’s trade with Russia (Archangel); volume 1041 contains records about the tolls of Elbe in 1700. Volumes 1057–1070: records from and about Bremen and Verden over the years 1620–1718, such as minutes from conferences with the town of Bremen in 1654, transcripts of treaties, letters, etc. Volumes 1071–1116: records concerning Holstein from the period 1681– 1803. Volumes 1124–1132: records concerning relations between Sweden and Lübeck, with letters from the town of Lübeck, the chapter of Lübeck and the Hanseatic League (1561–1666); volume 1124 contains records concerning negotiations with Lübeck, Rostock and Stralsund on behalf of themselves and the Hanseatic Towns 1620; volume 1127 in particular contains documents on the trade between Lübeck and Sweden, as well as on shipping to Narva (sixteenth century). Volumes 1212–1243: records concerning Mecklenburg and its relations with Sweden (sixteenth century–1808); volumes 1222–1223 contain documents concerning the tolls of Warnemünde.

Volumes 1276–1292: Westphalian Circuit 1562–1807 This section comprises documents concerning Sweden’s relations with, for example, Herford, Münster, Oldenburg, Osnabrück and East Friesland. Volumes 1293–1433: Circuits of upper Germany 1562–1807 This section contains documents regarding, for example, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen and Würtemberg.

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Accessibility N. Holm, J. Lindroth and S. Tommos, “Germanica” (1961–1971), inventory (in Swedish). Other inventories include: • • •

A. Lewenhaupt, “Brev till E von Pufendorf [Letters to E von Pufendorf ]”, 1666–1685. A. Lewenhaupt, “Skrifvelser till svenska diplomatiska tjenstemän i Hamburg [Letters to Swedish diplomats in Hamburg]”, 1647–1809. Th. Westrin, “Furstliga Anhaltska bref 1647–1807 och Furstliga Badensiska bref 1654–1810 [Letters of the Princely House of Anhalt 1647–1807 and letters of the Princely House of Baden 1654–1810]”.

Card catalogue of the correspondence in the Diplomatica collections. S. Tommos, The Diplomatica Collection in the Swedish National Archives (Skrifter utgivna av Svenska Riksarkivet, 5) (Stockholm, 1980). Record creator / provenance During the period 1520–1809, Sweden’s foreign policy was controlled by the King and/or the Council of the Realm (Riksrådet). Broadly speaking, the Council of the Realm is comparable to a modern-day government, but it had less power (as it had to share it with the King and the estates of the realm, Ständerna). During some periods (especially between 1719 and 1772), it was relatively powerful compared to the King. The Council was dissolved in 1789. In practice, the Council’s foremost member was rstly the Lord High Chancellor (Rikskanslern) and later on the Chancery President (Kanslipresidenten), whose duties roughly corresponded to those of a present-day Prime Minister and Foreign Secretary. Before the reign of Gustav II Adolf, which began in 1611, Sweden kept no permanent diplomatic missions abroad. The country was mostly represented by temporary agents or correspondents with shifting titles. During the 1620s and 1630s the appointment of some permanent diplomatic missions began under the direction of legates, residents, correspondents, etc. The main part of the Germanica collection comprises material sent to the central governmental authorities who were responsible for the administration of foreign policy in Stockholm and for the archives of Sweden’s representatives abroad. The collection chiey consists of documents from the following sources: Royal Chancery/Chancery Board; Division for Foreign Affairs; Chancery President’s Ofce/Cabinet for Foreign Correspondents

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(after 1791); Committees of enquiry with regard to foreign affairs; boundary commissions and the like; and Swedish representatives abroad (diplomats, consuls, etc.). Custodial history The National Archives (initially located at the Stockholm Palace) was originally the archival repository of the Royal Chancery and an integral part of it. Therefore, archival materials were transferred to it at an early date. In the Stockholm Palace re of May 1697, only one-third of the materials in the National Archives was saved. The greater part of the drafts of royal letters before 1645 as well as the bulk of the collection of treaties with foreign powers were lost. The material that remained had to be rearranged. Before the principle of provenance was introduced (in the beginning of the twentieth century), the idea behind the arrangement was that materials of the same type were to be combined to form uniform collections. The material concerning Sweden’s relations with foreign powers was thus split into different collections, one of which is “Diplomatica. Germanica”. Copies The following volumes have been microlmed: • • • •

• •

Volume 610: letter from Heinrich von Sternbach to the King in Council (1655–1656). Volumes 1037–1038: documents concerning the cathedral chapter in Hamburg (1653–1714). Volumes 1057–1070: documents regarding the towns of Bremen and Verden (sixteenth century-1799). Volumes 1246–1262: documents concerning the government councillor in Bremen Schweder Dietrich Kleihe and Samuel Christopheri von Lissenhaim (1658–1701). Volumes 1268–1269: letters from the government of Bremen-Verden (1708–1712). Volumes 1277–1278: letters from J. Steiniger von Schönkirchen to the King in Council (1654–1666).

Acta pacis Westphalicae. Ser. 2. Abt. C, Die schwedischen Korrespondenzen, Bd 4. T. 1, 1647–1648, eds. Wilhelm Kohl and Paul Nachtsheim (Münster, 1994).

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Related materials Archives of the Division for Foreign Affairs (Utrikesexpeditionens arkiv, reference code: SE/RA/11201). • Archives of the Cabinet for Foreign Correspondence/Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Kabinettet för utrikes brevväxlingen/Utrikesdepartementet, reference code: SE/RA/2110.01). • Chancery Series of Council Minutes (Det odelade kansliet. Rådsprotokoll, reference code: SE/RA/1111). • Chancery Series of Letter Books (Det odelade Kansliet. Riksregistraturet, reference code: SE/RA/1112.1). • Chancery Series of Royal Drafts (Det odelade Kansliet. Kungliga brev i koncept, original och avskrift, reference code: SE/RA/1113). • Chancery Series of Correspondence Registers (Det odelade Kansliet. Diarier, reference code: SE/RA/1114). • De la Gardie Collection (reference code: SE/RA/720222). • Diplomatic Papers Pertaining to Brandenburg and Prussia (Diplomatica. Brandenburgica-Borussica, reference code: SE/RA/2109). • Diplomatic Documents (Diplomatiska aktstycken, reference code: SE/ RA/203). • Draft Prepared and Letters Received by Chancery Officials (Kanslitjänstemäns koncept och mottagna skrivelser, reference code: SE/ RA/1441). • Treaty Collection (Traktaktsamlingen, reference code: SE/RA/220). • Archives of the Lord High Chancellor, Axel Oxenstierna, 1583–1654, in the Oxenstierna Collection (reference code: SE/RA/720701) and in the Tidö Collection (reference code: SE/RA/720859); see also the Oxenstierna project: www.ra.se/ra/Oxenstierna/oxenstierna1.html. • Johan Adler Salvius Collection (Johan Adler Salvius’ samling, reference code: SE/RA/720495). •

Publications •

•

• •

Droste, H., “Johan Adler Salvius i Hamburg. Ett nätverksbygge i 1600– talets Sverige, in: Mare nostrum. Om Westfaliska freden och Östersjön som ett svenskt maktcentrum (Stockholm, 1999). Hildebrand, E., “Förteckning öfver i Riksarchivet förvarade Ministriella handlingar. V Germanica”, in: Meddelanden från Svenska Riksarkivet (1883), pp. 135–218. Hildebrand, E., “Den svenska diplomatins organisation i Tyskland under 1600-talet”, in: Historisk Tidskrift 1884, p. 155. Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden, Kungl. Maj:ts kansli, Utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996).

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Tommos, S., The Diplomatica Collection in the Swedish National Archives (Stockholm, 1980).

Diplomatic Papers. Papers Pertaining to Holland Record group Diplomatic Papers. Papers Pertaining to Holland Diplomatica. Hollandica Reference code : SE/RA/2109 Period : 1575–1897 Extent : 1055 volumes, 106 metres Abstract “Hollandica” is one of the collections in the Diplomatica collection, which contains documents concerning Sweden’s relations with foreign powers from about 1520 until 1809, when the so-called Division for Foreign Affairs (Utrikesexpeditionen) was abolished. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1575–1807 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, French, High German, Italian, Latin, Low German, Swedish

The records in the collection of Hollandica (referring to the Netherlands as a whole) are arranged in seven groups or series. Among other subjects, the records deal with trade regulation, goods, shipping, merchants and diplomacy. Below follows a general description of the series’ contents. Series I, volumes 1–1010: Letters and archives of Swedish diplomatic missions in the Netherlands Broadly speaking, this series includes letters, drafts and reports (dispatches) exchanged between the King in Council, the Chancery Board and the Chancery Presidents, and the Swedish missions, envoys, consuls, Governors-General and foreign diplomats in the Dutch republic. These include for example:

national archives of sweden •

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Jacob van Dyck (1567–1631), rst Swedish ambassador to the Dutch Republic 1614–1620, ofcial commission from 1609 onward (volumes 2–3); Harald Appelbom (1612–1674), Swedish correspondent in Amsterdam from 1642, envoy in The Hague 1665–1674 (volumes 17–95, 108– 118); Nils Eosander/Lillieroot (1636–1705), envoy in France 1674, envoy in The Hague 1691–1703 (volumes 132–150); Johan Palmquist (deceased 1716), envoy in The Hague 1702–1714 (volumes 229–339); Joakim Fredrik Preis (1667–1759), Palmquist’s secretary in The Hague 1703, envoy 1723–1759 (volumes 357–899); Carl Johan Creutz (1725–1793), secretary at the Swedish mission in The Hague 1747, envoy 1760–1775 (volumes 904–941).

In addition, volumes 311–328 and 741–768 contain letters from Swedish missions in cities and regions outside the Netherlands (London, Berlin, Frankfurt, Kassel, Hamburg, Hannover, Paris, Vienna, Copenhagen, St. Petersburg, Madrid and Sachsen-Poland) to Swedish envoys in the Netherlands. The diplomatic correspondence is mostly written in Swedish and French. Besides the diplomatic records, the series contains letters from businessmen in the Netherlands (1704–1759, for example in volumes 799–809), documents concerning craftsmen in the Netherlands and Belgium employed in the service of Sweden (1718, volume 859) and passports as well as registers of passports for merchant vessels (1716–1719, volumes 860–867). Series II, volumes 1011–1019: Letters from Swedish commissioners, consuls and others in the Netherlands 1613–1807 These letters and reports were sent to the King in Council, the Chancery Board and the Chancery President and are chiey written in Swedish and French. Most letters were written by the following Swedish agents in Amsterdam: Peter Trotzig (volume 1012), and Pierre (1679–1759) and Daniel Balguerie (1733–1788) (volumes 1013–1018), the latter two respectively functioning from 1719 and 1759 onward. There are also letters from the Swedish commissioners in Rotterdam and Ostende (volume 1019). All agents were involved in business (contracts) and trade. Series III, volumes 1020–1021: Letters from members of Dutch Princely Houses 1579–1807 This series includes correspondence by: Willem (or William) I, Willem Lodewijk, Maurits, Frederik Hendrik, Amalia, Willem II, Albertine, Willem

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III, Hendrik Casimir II, Amelia, Jan Willem Friso and Maria Louise (all in volume 1020); and Willem IV, Anna, Willem V, Wilhelmina and Willem (King Willem I?) (all in volume 1021). Series IV, volumes 1022–1023: Letters from the States General of the Netherlands 1610–1806 The records in this series are in Latin, French and Dutch. Series V, volumes 1024–1030: Memoranda and notes of Dutch envoys 1616–1806 This series includes documents pertaining to: G. van Vosberghen (1625), C. von Beuningen (1652–1654), W. van Haren (1672) (volume 1024); W. Baron van Heeckeren (1693–1698), J. van Haersolte (1701–1707) (volume 1025); C.C. Rumpf (1676–1705) (volume 1026); H.W. Rumpf (1706–1743) (volumes 1027–1028); C. Rumpf (1746–1748), L. von Marteville (1752–1760) (volume 1029); H. van Kretschmar (1763–1769), D.W. Baron de Lynden (1778–1782), and J.C. Baron de Borch (1792–1801) (volume 1030). Series VI, volumes 1031–1035: Minutes and other documents from conferences with Dutch envoys in Sweden 1656–1697 Series VII, volumes 1036–1055: Miscellaneous documents concerning relations between Sweden and the Netherlands 1675–1788 Above all, this series contains documents concerning negotiations between Sweden and the Netherlands about various matters in the period 1575–1788. Volume 1036 contains transcripts of treaties (1614–1703); volume 1045 includes documents regarding a treaty of commerce and navigation (1675); volumes 1050–1054 contain documents (mostly written in Dutch and Swedish) with respect to the seizure of Dutch and Swedish vessels (1676–1773), which often hold information on cargoes; volume 1055 is a register of passports issued by the Swedish mission (1703–1714). Accessibility Inventory in: S. Tommos, “Hollandica” (in Swedish) (1962). Card catalogue of the correspondence in the Diplomatica collections. “Hollandica. Specialförteckningar”, by T. Westrin (1895), register (in Swedish) listing letters to envoys N. Lillierot (1693–1703), J. Palmquist (1703–1715) and J.F. Preis (1715–1759).

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S. Tommos, The Diplomatica Collection in the Swedish National Archives (Skrifter utgivna av Svenska Riksarkivet, 5) (Stockholm, 1980). Record creator / provenance During the period 1520–1809, Sweden’s foreign policy was controlled by the King and/or the Council of the Realm (Riksrådet). Broadly speaking, the Council of the Realm is comparable to a modern-day government, but it had less power (as it had to share it with the King and the estates of the realm, Ständerna). During some periods (especially between 1719 and 1772), it was relatively powerful compared to the King. The Council was dissolved in 1789. In practice, the Council’s foremost member was rstly the Lord High Chancellor (Rikskanslern) and later on the Chancery President (Kanslipresidenten), whose duties roughly corresponded to those of a present-day Prime Minister and Foreign Secretary. Before the reign of Gustav II Adolf, which began in 1611, Sweden kept no permanent diplomatic missions abroad. The country was mostly represented by temporary agents or correspondents with shifting titles. During the 1620s and 1630s the establishment of some permanent diplomatic missions began with the appointment of legates, residents, correspondents, etc. As early as 1614, Sweden and the Dutch Republic agreed to exchange legates/ambassadors. The main part of the Hollandica collection comprises material sent to the central governmental authorities who were responsible for the administration of foreign policy in Stockholm and for the archives of Sweden’s representatives abroad. The collection chiey consists of documents from the following sources: Royal Chancery/Chancery Board; Division for Foreign Affairs; Chancery President’s Ofce/Cabinet for Foreign Correspondents (after 1791); Committees of enquiry with regard to foreign affairs; boundary commissions and the like; and Swedish representatives abroad (diplomats, consuls, etc.). Custodial history The National Archives (initially located at the Stockholm Palace) was originally the archival repository of the Royal Chancery and an integral part of it. Therefore, archival materials were transferred to it at an early date. In the Stockholm Palace re of May 1697, only one-third of the materials in the National Archives was saved. The greater part of the drafts of royal letters before 1645 as well as the bulk of the collection of treaties with foreign powers were lost. The material that remained had to be rearranged. Before the principle of provenance was introduced (in the beginning of

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the twentieth century), the idea behind the arrangement was that materials of the same type were to be combined to form uniform collections. The material concerning Sweden’s relations with foreign powers was thus split into different collections, one of which is “Diplomatica. Hollandica”. Copies Volume 4 (letters to the King in Council from Jan Rutgers, 1616–1625) has been microlmed (lm number: F 035 31921). Related materials Archives of the Division for Foreign Affairs (Utrikesexpeditionens arkiv, reference code: SE/RA/11201). • Archives of the Cabinet for Foreign Correspondence/Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Kabinettet för utrikes brevväxlingen/Utrikesdepartementet, reference code: SE/RA/2110.01). • Chancery Series of Council minutes (Det odelade kansliet. Rådsprotokoll, reference code: SE/RA/1111). • Chancery Series of Letter Books (Det odelade Kansliet. Riksregistraturet, reference code: SE/RA/1112.1). • Chancery Series of Royal Drafts (Det odelade Kansliet. Kungliga brev i koncept, original och avskrift, reference code: SE/RA/1113). • Chancery Series of Correspondence Registers (Det odelade Kansliet. Diarier, reference code: SE/RA/1114). • De la Gardie Collection (reference code: SE/RA/720222). • Diplomatic Documents (Diplomatiska aktstycken, reference code: SE/ RA/203). • Draft Prepared and Letters Received by Chancery Ofcials (Kanslitjänstemäns koncept och mottagna skrivelser, reference code: SE/RA/ 1441). • Treaty Collection (Traktaktsamlingen, reference code: SE/RA/220). • Archives of the Lord High Chancellor, Axel Oxenstierna, 1583–1654, in the Oxenstierna Collection (reference code: SE/RA/720701) and in the Tidö Collection (reference code: SE/RA/720859); see also the Oxenstierna project: www.ra.se/ra/oxenstierna/oxenstierna1engelska.html. • Stegeborg Collection (Stegeborgssamlingen, reference code: SE/RA/ 720810). •

Publications •

Berg, T., “Joachim Fredrik Preis och hans beskickningsarkiv”, in: Meddelanden från Svenska Riksarkivet (1951–1952), pp. 123–193.

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Fries, E., Bidrag till kännedom om Sveriges och Nederländernas diplomatiska förbindelser under Karl X Gustafs regering (Uppsala, 1883). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden, Kungl. Maj:ts kansli, Utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 6, Särskilda bestånd och allmänna forskningshjälpmedel (Stockholm, 2003). Tommos, S., The Diplomatica Collection in the Swedish National Archives (Stockholm, 1980). Westrin, T., “Förteckning öfver i Riksarkivet förvarade Ministriella handlingar. XII Hollandica”, in: Meddelanden från Svenska Riksarkivet (1895), pp. 371–394.

Diplomatic Papers. Papers Pertaining to Livonia Record group Diplomatic Papers. Papers Pertaining to Livonia Diplomatica. Livonica. Reference code : SE/RA/2111 Period : 1421–1621 Extent : 8 volumes, 1 metre Abstract “Livonica” is one of the collections in the Diplomatica collection. The Livonica collection contains documents concerning Sweden’s relations with Livonia (nowadays covered by parts of Estonia and Latvia) in the period before Sweden took control of Livonia after the Polish-Swedish war in the 1620s. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1421–1621 : Estonia, Latvia, Poland, Sweden : High German, Low German, Swedish

All volumes may contain records regarding diplomacy and trade. Volumes 1–2 contain letters from envoys, agents and correspondents of the King in Council and Duke Johan of Sweden (1523–1562). Volume 4 is a copybook of diplomatic documents (1588–1562), while volume 5 contains letters to the Swedish Royal House from Grand Masters and other ofcials of the

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Teutonic Order (1523–1562). Volumes 7–8 contain letters and documents from the town of Riga (1421–1621). Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), “Livonica”, by C.G. Löwenhielm (1972); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Card catalogue of the correspondence in the Diplomatica collections. S. Tommos, The Diplomatica Collection in the Swedish National Archives (Skrifter utgivna av Svenska Riksarkivet, 5) (Stockholm, 1980). Record creator / provenance During the period 1520–1809, Sweden’s foreign policy was controlled by the King and/or the Council of the Realm (Riksrådet). Broadly speaking, the Council of the Realm is comparable to a modern-day government, but it had less power (as it had to share it with the King and the estates of the realm, Ständerna). During some periods (especially between 1719 and 1772), it was relatively powerful compared to the King. The Council was dissolved in 1789. In practice, the Council’s foremost member was rstly the Lord High Chancellor (Rikskanslern) and later on the Chancery President (Kanslipresidenten), whose duties roughly corresponded to those of a present-day Prime Minister and Foreign Secretary. Before the reign of Gustav II Adolf, which began in 1611, Sweden kept no permanent diplomatic missions abroad. The country was mostly represented by temporary agents or correspondents with shifting titles. During the 1620s and 1630s the appointment of some permanent diplomatic missions began under the direction of legates, residents, correspondents, etc. Custodial history The National Archives (initially located at the Stockholm Palace) was originally the archival repository of the Royal Chancery and an integral part of it. Therefore, archival materials were transferred to it at an early date. In the Stockholm Palace re of May 1697, only one-third of the materials in the National Archives was saved. The greater parts of the drafts of royal letters before 1645 as well as the bulk of the collection of treaties with foreign powers were lost. The material that remained had to be rearranged. Before the principle of provenance was introduced (in the beginning of the twentieth century), the idea behind the arrangement was that materials of the same type were to be combined to form uniform collections. The material concerning Sweden’s relations with foreign powers was thus split into different collections, one of which is “Diplomatica. Livonica”.

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Related materials •

Livonica I (reference code: SE/RA/2401), comprising records pertaining to Livonia dating from 1299–1621. • Livonica II (reference code: SE/RA/2402), comprising records pertaining to Livonia dating from after 1620. • Archives of the Division for Foreign Affairs (Utrikesexpeditionens arkiv, reference code: SE/RA/11201). • Archives of the Cabinet for Foreign Correspondence/Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Kabinettet för utrikes brevväxlingen/Utrikesdepartementet, reference code: SE/RA/2110.01). • Chancery Series of Council minutes (Det odelade kansliet. Rådsprotokoll, reference code: SE/RA/1111). • Chancery Series of Letter Books (Det odelade Kansliet. Riksregistraturet, reference code: SE/RA/1112.1). • Chancery Series of Royal Drafts (Det odelade Kansliet. Kungliga brev i koncept, original och avskrift, reference code: SE/RA/1113). • Chancery Series of Correspondence Registers (Det odelade Kansliet. Diarier, reference code: SE/RA/1114). • De la Gardie Collection (reference code: SE/RA/720222). • Diplomatic Documents (Diplomatiska aktstycken, reference code: SE/ RA/203). • Draft Prepared and Letters Received by Chancery Ofcials (Kanslitjänstemäns koncept och mottagna skrivelser, reference code: SE/RA/ 1441). • Treaty Collection (Traktaktsamlingen, reference code: SE/RA/220). • Archives of the Lord High Chancellor, Axel Oxenstierna, 1583–1654, in the Oxenstierna Collection (reference code: SE/RA/720701) and in the Tidö Collection (reference code: SE/RA/720859); see also the Oxenstierna project: www.ra.se/ra/Oxenstierna/oxenstierna1.html. Publications   

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden, Kungl. Maj:ts kansli, Utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996). Tommos, S., The Diplomatica Collection in the Swedish National Archives (Stockholm, 1980). Westrin, T., “Förteckning öfver i Riksarkivet förvarade Ministriella handlingar. XIX Livonica”, in: Meddelanden från Svenska Riksarkivet (1901), p. 39.

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Diplomatic Papers. Papers Pertaining to Poland Record group Diplomatic Papers. Papers Pertaining to Poland Diplomatica. Polonica Reference code : SE/RA/2115 Period : 1524–1804 Extent : 335 volumes, 22 metres Abstract “Polonica” is one of the collections in the Diplomatica collection, which contains documents concerning Sweden’s relations with foreign powers from about 1520 until 1809, when the so-called Division for Foreign Affairs (Utrikesexpeditionen) was abolished. As the Polonica collection comprises records with regard to the areas covered by Poland from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries, the collection also includes information about Prussia and Lithuania. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1524–1804 : Lithuania, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, French, High German, Latvian, Low German, Swedish

The records in the Polonica collection are arranged in six groups or series. Among other subjects, the records deal with trade regulation, goods, shipping, merchants and diplomacy in Poland as well as the Polish parts of Prussia. Below follows a general description of the series’ contents. Series I, volumes 1–245: Letters and archives of Swedish diplomatic missions in Poland 1608–1795 Broadly speaking, this series includes letters, drafts and reports (dispatches) exchanged between the King in Council, the Chancery Board and the Chancery Presidents, and the Swedish missions, envoys, consuls, Governors-General and foreign diplomats in Poland and Prussia. Furthermore, there are records pertaining to the Netherlands: copybooks of Dutch envoys, 1627–1628 (no. 5), 1636 (no. 16), and 1653 (no. 25).

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Series II, volumes 246–300: Documents concerning Swedish agents in Gdansk (Danzig) 1646–1793 The series consists of letters exchanged between Swedish agents and the King in Council. Series III, volumes 301–323: Miscellaneous documents concerning relations between Sweden and Poland 1525–1795 Most of these records concern negotiations between Sweden and Poland. No. 319 contains a register of documents concerning the negotiations between Sweden and Poland in the period 1525–1698. Series IV, volumes 324–327: Letters from members of Polish Royal Houses 1591–1797 Series V, volume 328: Memoranda and notes of Polish envoys 1555–1795 Series VI, volumes 329–335: Documents concerning relations of Sweden vis-á-vis the Polish feudatory states of Courland and Prussia 1524–1804 This series contains for example documents concerning negotiations between Courland, Sweden and the feudatory state of Prussia, 1524–1788 (no. 329), letters from members of the Ducal House of Courland, 1618–1804 (no. 334), and memoranda and notes of envoys of Courland, 1657–1704 (no. 335). Accessibility Inventory in Swedish, “Polonica”, by N.F. Holm (1958), also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. S. Tommos, The Diplomatica Collection in the Swedish National Archives (Skrifter utgivna av Svenska Riksarkivet, 5) (Stockholm, 1980). Card catalogue of the correspondence in the Diplomatica collections. In addition, there are the following registers (correspondence surveys): •

•

Letters to the commissioner in Olivia 1658–1660, to the Swedish ambassador in Poland 1674–1769, and to the commissioner in Gdansk (Danzig) 1721–1782 (Specialförteckning över brev till kommissarien i Olivia 1658–1660, till det svenska sändebudet i Polen 1674–1769 och till kommissarierna i Danzig 1721–1782), by A. Lewenhaupt. Letters to the envoy Lars von Engelström 1787–1791 (Brev till envoyén Lars von Engelström 1787–1791), by N.F. Holm (1960).

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Letters to the chargé d’affaires S.N. Casström 1791–1795 (Brev till chargé d’affaires S.N. Casström 1791–1795), by N.F. Holm (1962).

Record creator / provenance During the period 1520–1809, Sweden’s foreign policy was controlled by the King and/or the Council of the Realm (Riksrådet). Broadly speaking, the Council of the Realm is comparable to a modern-day government, but it had less power (as it had to share it with the King and the estates of the realm, Ständerna). During some periods (especially between 1719 and 1772), it was relatively powerful compared to the King. The Council was dissolved in 1789. In practice, the Council’s foremost member was rstly the Lord High Chancellor (Rikskanslern) and later on the Chancery President (Kanslipresidenten), whose duties roughly corresponded to those of a present-day Prime Minister and Foreign Secretary. Before the reign of Gustav II Adolf, which began in 1611, Sweden kept no permanent diplomatic missions abroad. The country was mostly represented by temporary agents or correspondents with shifting titles. During the 1620s and 1630s the appointment of some permanent diplomatic missions began under the direction of legates, residents, correspondents, etc. The main part of the Polonica collection comprises material sent to the central governmental authorities who were responsible for the administration of foreign policy in Stockholm and for the archives of Sweden’s representatives abroad. The collection chiey consists of documents from the following sources: Royal Chancery/Chancery Board; Division for Foreign Affairs; Chancery President’s Ofce/Cabinet for Foreign Correspondents (after 1791); Committees of enquiry with regard to foreign affairs; boundary commissions and the like; and Swedish representatives abroad (diplomats, consuls, etc.). Custodial history The National Archives (initially located at the Stockholm Palace) was originally the archival repository of the Royal Chancery and an integral part of it. Therefore, archival materials were transferred to it at an early date. In the Stockholm Palace re of May 1697, only one-third of the materials in the National Archives was saved. The greater part of the drafts of royal letters before 1645 as well as the bulk of the collection of treaties with foreign powers were lost. The material that remained had to be re-arranged. Before the principle of provenance was introduced (in the beginning of the twentieth century), the idea behind the arrangement was that materials

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of the same type were to be combined to form uniform collections. The material concerning Sweden’s relations with foreign powers was thus split into different collections, one of which is “Diplomatica. Polonica”. Related materials  

      







Archives of the Division for Foreign Affairs (Utrikesexpeditionens arkiv, reference code: SE/RA/11201). Archives of the Cabinet for Foreign Correspondence/Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Kabinettet för utrikes brevväxlingen/Utrikesdepartementet, reference code: SE/RA/2110.01). Chancery Series of Council minutes (Det odelade kansliet. Rådsprotokoll, reference code: SE/RA/1111). Chancery Series of Letter Books (Det odelade Kansliet. Riksregistraturet, reference code: SE/RA/1112.1). Chancery Series of Royal Drafts (Det odelade Kansliet. Kungliga brev i koncept, original och avskrift, reference code: SE/RA/1113). Chancery Series of Correspondence Registers (Det odelade Kansliet. Diarier, reference code: SE/RA/1114). De la Gardie Collection (reference code: SE/RA/720222). Diplomatic Documents (Diplomatiska aktstycken, reference code: SE/ RA/203). Draft Prepared and Letters Received by Chancery Officials (Kanslitjänstemäns koncept och mottagna skrivelser, reference code: SE/ RA/1441). Archives of the Lord High Chancellor, Axel Oxenstierna, 1583–1654, in the Oxenstierna Collection (reference code SE/RA/720701) and in the Tidö Collection (reference code: SE/RA/720859); see also the Oxenstierna project: www.ra.se/ra/Oxenstierna/oxenstierna1.html. Records Connected to Prussia (Handlingar rörande generalguvernementet Preussen, reference code: SE/RA/2409); this record group is one of the archives in the collection of archives from the former Swedish provinces in modern-day Germany, Poland and the Baltic states. Stegeborg Collection (Stegeborgssamlingen, reference code: SE/ RA/720810).

Publications 

Posse, J.A., and B. Taube, “Förteckning öfver i Riksarkivet förvarade Ministeriella handlingar. III. Polonica”, in: Meddelanden från Svenska Riksarkivet (1881), pp. 187–196.

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Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden, Kungl. Maj:ts kansli, Utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996). Tommos, S., The Diplomatica Collection in the Swedish National Archives (Stockholm, 1980).

Diplomatic Papers. Papers Pertaining to Prussia and Brandenburg Record group Diplomatic Papers. Papers Pertaining to Prussia and Brandenburg Diplomatica. Brandenburgico-Borussica Reference code : SE/RA/2103 Period : 1561–1808 Extent : 208 volumes, 13 metres Abstract “Brandenburgico-Borussica” is one of the collections in the Diplomatica collection, which contains documents concerning Sweden’s relations with foreign powers from about 1520 until 1809, when the so-called Division for Foreign Affairs (Utrikesexpeditionen) was abolished. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1561–1808 : Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden : French, High German, Low German, Swedish

The records in the Brandenburgico-Borussica collection are arranged in ve groups or series. Among other subjects, the records deal with trade regulation, goods, shipping, merchants and diplomacy between Sweden and former Prussia and Brandenburg (in present-day Germany). Below follows a general description of the series’ contents. Series I, volumes 1–161: Letters and archives of Swedish diplomatic missions in BrandenburgPrussia 1631–1807 Broadly speaking, this series includes letters, drafts and reports (dispatches) exchanged between the King in Council, the Chancery Board and the Chancery

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Presidents, and the Swedish missions, envoys, consuls, Governors-General and foreign diplomats in Prussia and Brandenburg. Series II, volume 162: Letters from Swedish commissioners, consuls and others in Prussia 1792– 1808 These letter and reports were sent from commissioners in Gdansk (Danzig), Königsberg (Kaliningrad), Pillau and Memel (Klaipeda) to the King in Council, the Chancery Board and the Chancery President. Among the records are lists of Swedish ships (in the ports mentioned above) in the years 1799–1805 with information about their cargoes, destinations and names of the skippers. Series III, volumes 163–175: Letters from Princely Houses and from Margraves in Brandenburg-Prussia 1598–1808 This series contains for instance letters from Friedrich I (1701–1702, volume 165) and Friedrich II (1740–1786, volumes 168–169). Series IV, volumes 176–181: Memoranda and notes of envoys of Brandenburg-Prussia 1598–1808 Series V, volumes 182–208: Minutes from conferences with envoys of Brandenburg-Prussia and miscellaneous documents concerning relations between Sweden and BrandenburgPrussia 1561–1808 Volume 206 contains a register of documents concerning negotiations between Sweden and Brandenburg over the years 1612–1699. Volumes 207–208 contain transcripts of treaties concluded in 1627–1699, 1703–1789. Accessibility Inventory in Swedish, “Brandenburgico-Borussica”, by N.F. Holm (1961); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. S. Tommos, The Diplomatica Collection in the Swedish National Archives (Skrifter utgivna av Svenska Riksarkivet, 5) (Stockholm, 1980). Card catalogue of the correspondence in the Diplomatica collections. Record creator / provenance During the period 1520–1809, Sweden’s foreign policy was controlled by the King and/or the Council of the Realm (Riksrådet). Broadly speaking, the Council of the Realm is comparable to a modern-day government, but

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it had less power (as it had to share it with the King and the estates of the realm, Ständerna). During some periods (especially between 1719 and 1772), it was relatively powerful compared to the King. The Council was dissolved in 1789. In practice, the Council’s foremost member was rstly the Lord High Chancellor (Rikskanslern) and later on the Chancery President (Kanslipresidenten), whose duties roughly corresponded to those of a present-day Prime Minister and Foreign Secretary. Before the reign of Gustav II Adolf, which began in 1611, Sweden kept no permanent diplomatic missions abroad. The country was mostly represented by temporary agents or correspondents with shifting titles. During the 1620s and 1630s the appointment of some permanent diplomatic missions began under the direction of legates, residents, correspondents, etc. The main part of the Brandenburgico-Borussica collection comprises material sent to the central governmental authorities who were responsible for the administration of foreign policy in Stockholm and for the archives of Sweden’s representatives abroad. The collection chiey consists of documents from the following sources: Royal Chancery/Chancery Board; Division for Foreign Affairs; Chancery President’s Ofce/Cabinet for Foreign Correspondents (after 1791); Committees of enquiry with regard to foreign affairs; boundary commissions and the like; and Swedish representatives abroad (diplomats, consuls, etc.). Custodial history The National Archives (initially located at the Stockholm Palace) was originally the archival repository of the Royal Chancery and an integral part of it. Therefore, archival materials were transferred to it at an early date. In the Stockholm Palace re of May 1697, only one-third of the materials in the National Archives was saved. The greater part of the drafts of royal letters before 1645 as well as the bulk of the collection of treaties with foreign powers were lost. The material that remained had to be rearranged. Before the principle of provenance was introduced (in the beginning of the twentieth century), the idea behind the arrangement was that materials of the same type were to be combined to form uniform collections. The material concerning Sweden’s relations with foreign powers was thus split into different collections, one of which is “Diplomatica. BrandenburgicoBorussica”. Visually attractive The collection includes a map (copperplate print) of Gdansk (Danzig) from 1783.

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Copies Series III, volumes 163–175: Letters from Princely Houses and from Margraves in Brandenburg-Prussia 1598–1808, has been microlmed. Related materials • •

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• •

•

Archives of the Division for Foreign Affairs (Utrikesexpeditionens arkiv, reference code: SE/RA/11201). Archives of the Cabinet for Foreign Correspondence/Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Kabinettet för utrikes brevväxlingen/Utrikesdepartementet, reference code: SE/RA/2110.01). Chancery Series of Council Minutes (Det odelade kansliet. Rådsprotokoll, reference code: SE/RA/1111). Chancery Series of Letter Books (Det odelade Kansliet. Riksregistraturet, reference code: SE/RA/1112.1). Chancery Series of Royal Drafts (Det odelade Kansliet. Kungliga brev i koncept, original och avskrift, reference code: SE/RA/1113). Chancery Series of Correspondence Registers (Det odelade Kansliet. Diarier, reference code: SE/RA/1114). De la Gardie Collection (reference code: SE/RA/720222). Diplomatic Documents (Diplomatiska aktstycken, reference code: SE/ RA/203). Diplomatic Papers. Papers Pertaining to Germany (Diplomatica. Germanica, reference code: SE/RA/2106). Draft Prepared and Letters Received by Chancery Officials (Kanslitjänstemäns koncept och mottagna skrivelser, reference code: SE/ RA/1441). Treaty Collection (Traktaktsamlingen, reference code: SE/RA/220). Archives of the Lord High Chancellor, Axel Oxenstierna, 1583–1654, in the Oxenstierna Collection (reference code: SE/RA/720701) and in the Tidö Collection (reference code: SE/RA/720859); see also the Oxenstierna project: www.ra.se/ra/Oxenstierna/oxenstierna1.html. Stegeborg Collection (Stegeborgssamlingen, reference code: SE/RA/ 720810).

Publications •

•

Bowallius, R.M., and B. Taube (eds.), Förteckning öfver i Riksarkivet förvarade Ministeriella handlingar IV. Brandenburgico-Borussica, Meddelande från Svenska Riksarkivet (1882), p. 93. Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden, Kungl. Maj:ts kansli, Utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996).

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Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 6, Särskilda bestånd och allmänna forskningshjälpmedel (Stockholm, 2003). Tommos, S., The Diplomatica Collection in the Swedish National Archives (Stockholm, 1980).

Diplomatic Papers. Papers Pertaining to Russia Record group Diplomatic Papers. Papers Pertaining to Russia Diplomatica. Muscovitica Reference code : SE/RA/2113 Period : 1323–1809 Extent : 673 volumes, 35 metres Abstract “Muscovitica” is one of the collections in the Diplomatica collection, which contains documents concerning Sweden’s relations with foreign powers from about 1520 until 1809, when the so-called Division for Foreign Affairs (Utrikesexpeditionen) was abolished. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1323–1808 : Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden : French, High German, Low German, Swedish

The collection is arranged in seven series. Among other subjects, the records deal with trade, commodities, shipping and merchants as well as with peace negotiations and all kinds of diplomacy between Sweden and Russia. Below follows a general description of the series’ contents. Series I, volumes 1–540: Letters and archives of Swedish diplomatic missions in Russia 1536–1809 Broadly speaking, this series includes letters, drafts and reports (dispatches) exchanged between the King in Council, the Chancery Board and the Chancery Presidents, and the Swedish missions, envoys, consuls, GovernorsGeneral and foreign diplomats in Russia. The series also contains minutes of conferences between Sweden and Russia. Information about trade may

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be found in many of the volumes; volume 398, for example, contains a report on commercial matters with regard to Russia (1783, in Swedish). Series II, volumes 541–595: Letters and other documents concerning the boundaries of Sweden with Russia 1323–1805 Series III, volumes 597–615: Letters from Swedish commissioners, consuls and others in Russia 1645– 1808 Relevant with regard to the Baltic Sea trade are letters from the commissioners in Novgorod (1645–1700, volumes 597–599), St. Petersburg (1761–1808, volumes 606–607), and Libau (Liepaja/Lepaya, for example lists of Swedish ships in Libau, 1786), Riga and Viborg (1778–1808, all in volume 608). Volume 601 contains a report on commercial matters with regard to Russia (1653, in German). Series IV, volumes 616–626: Letters from members of Russian Princely Houses 1560–1808 Series V, volumes 627–630: Memoranda and notes of Russian envoys 1719–1808 Series VI, volumes 631–645: Minutes and other documents from conferences with Russian envoys in Sweden 1633–1791 Series VII, volumes 646–673: Miscellaneous documents concerning relations between Sweden and Russia 1323–1806 This series includes for example transcripts of treaties between Sweden and Russia (1323–1780, volumes 646–653) and of correspondence between the king of Sweden and the Russian Tsar (1560–1700, volumes 669–670). Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish) (1960); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. S. Tommos, The Diplomatica Collection in the Swedish National Archives (Skrifter utgivna av Svenska Riksarkivet, 5) (Stockholm, 1980). Card catalogue of the correspondence in the Diplomatica collections.

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Record creator / provenance During the period 1520–1809, Sweden’s foreign policy was controlled by the King and/or the Council of the Realm (Riksrådet). Broadly speaking, the Council of the Realm is comparable to a modern-day government, but it had less power (as it had to share it with the King and the estates of the realm, Ständerna). During some periods (especially between 1719 and 1772), it was relatively powerful compared to the King. The Council was dissolved in 1789. In practice, the Council’s foremost member was rstly the Lord High Chancellor (Rikskanslern) and later on the Chancery President (Kanslipresidenten), whose duties roughly corresponded to those of a present-day Prime Minister and Foreign Secretary. Before the reign of Gustav II Adolf, which began in 1611, Sweden kept no permanent diplomatic missions abroad. The country was mostly represented by temporary agents or correspondents with shifting titles. During the 1620s and 1630s the appointment of some permanent diplomatic missions began under the direction of legates, residents, correspondents, etc. The main part of the Muscovitica collection comprises material sent to the central governmental authorities who were responsible for the administration of foreign policy in Stockholm and for the archives of Sweden’s representatives abroad. The collection chiey consists of documents from the following sources: Royal Chancery/Chancery Board; Division for Foreign Affairs; Chancery President’s Ofce/Cabinet for Foreign Correspondents (after 1791); Committees of enquiry with regard to foreign affairs; boundary commissions and the like; and Swedish representatives abroad (diplomats, consuls, etc.). Custodial history The National Archives (initially located at the Stockholm Palace) was originally the archival repository of the Royal Chancery and an integral part of it. Therefore, archival materials were transferred to it at an early date. In the Stockholm Palace re of May 1697, only one-third of the materials in the National Archives were saved. The greater parts of the drafts of royal letters before 1645 as well as the bulk of the collection of treaties with foreign powers were lost. The material that remained had to be rearranged. Before the principle of provenance was introduced (in the beginning of the twentieth century), the idea behind the arrangement was that materials of the same type were to be combined to form uniform collections. The material concerning Sweden’s relations with foreign powers was thus split into different collections, one of which is “Diplomatica. Muscovitica”.

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Copies Series I, volumes 35 (letters to the King in Council from Erik Gyllenstierna and others 1647) and 112–118 (reports and letters to the King in Council from Commissioner Konrad Gyllenstierna and others, 1684–1700) have been microlmed (lm no. F035 32097). Related materials  

      

 



Archives of the Division for Foreign Affairs (Utrikesexpeditionens arkiv, reference code: SE/RA/11201). Archives of the Cabinet for Foreign Correspondence/Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Kabinettet för utrikes brevväxlingen/Utrikesdepartementet, reference code: SE/RA/2110.01). Chancery Series of Council Minutes (Det odelade kansliet. Rådsprotokoll, reference code: SE/RA/1111). Chancery Series of Letter Books (Det odelade Kansliet. Riksregistraturet, reference code: SE/RA/1112.1). Chancery Series of Royal Drafts (Det odelade Kansliet. Kungliga brev i koncept, original och avskrift, reference code: SE/RA/1113). Chancery Series of Correspondence Registers (Det odelade Kansliet. Diarier, reference code: SE/RA/1114). De la Gardie Collection (reference code: SE/RA/720222). Diplomatic Documents (Diplomatiska aktstycken, reference code: SE/ RA/203). Draft Prepared and Letters Received by Chancery Officials (Kanslitjänstemäns koncept och mottagna skrivelser, reference code: SE/ RA/1441). Treaty Collection (Traktaktsamlingen, reference code: SE/RA/220). Archives of the Lord High Chancellor, Axel Oxenstierna, 1583–1654, in the Oxenstierna Collection (reference code: SE/RA/720701) and in the Tidö Collection (reference code: SE/RA/720859); see also the Oxenstierna projekt: www.ra.se/ra/Oxenstierna/oxenstierna1.html. Stegeborg Collection (Stegeborgssamlingen, reference code: SE/RA/ 720810).

Publications  

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden, Kungl. Maj:ts kansli, Utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996). Tommos, S., The Diplomatica Collection in the Swedish National Archives (Stockholm, 1980).

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Bowalius, R.M., and B. Taube, Förteckning öfver Ministeriella handlingar i Riks-Archivet III. Muscovitica, Meddelande från Svenska Riksarkivet (1878), pp. 68–80.

Dockyard Documents Record group Dockyard Documents Skeppsgårdshandlingar Reference code : SE/RA/51308 Period : 1540–1640 Extent : 74 volumes Abstract The dockyard documents relate to the Swedish navy and are chronologically divided into three groups: A: Dockyards (skeppsgårdar, i.e. the places where ships were based and repaired); B: Shipyards; C: Sjötåg (navy lists). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1540–1640 : Estonia, Finland, Poland, Russia, Sweden, various countries : Swedish

These documents refer solely to ships of the Swedish navy. They contain information on shipbuilding and personnel, including craftsmen both from Sweden and from other countries, employed to repair and build ships. All series are relevant: •

• •

A: Papers containing accounts from the Stockholm, Älvsborg, Kalmar, Helsinki, Viborg (Viipuri), Kexholm (Käkisalmi), Reval (Tallinn), Elblag (Elbing) and Szczecin (Stettin) dockyards. B: Papers concerning shipyards in Sweden and Finland. C: Navy lists (sjötåg), including boatswains’ payrolls, showing places of recruitment.

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by A. Zettersten (1884).

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Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 4, Kammararkivet (Stockholm, 1995), pp. 107–109.

Earlier Central Customs Archives. Deputy Director-General for the Land Toll (General Land Toll Ofce) Record group Earlier Central Customs Archives. Deputy Director-General for the Land Toll (General Land Toll Ofce) Äldre centrala tullarkiv. Överdirektören för landtullen (Generallandtullkontoret) Reference code : SE/RA/4110/4110.03 Period : 1697–1824 Extent : 16 metres Abstract The records of the Deputy Director-General of the Land Tolls (General Land Toll Ofce) derive from the central ofce (Kansliet) and the ofces accountable to the Deputy Director-General. Since the General Land Toll Ofce was the central executive body for land tolls, the records relate to domestic tolls. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1786–1824 : Sweden : Swedish

As the land toll was levied on inland goods, documents relating to foreign trade and foreign customs duties are not to be found in this record group. The series of Audit and Visitation Archives of the General Land Toll Ofce (Generallandtullkontorets revisions- och husesynskontors arkiv), numbered E1 (23 volumes), however, contains correspondence, accounts and drawings relating to customs buildings (both sea and land toll houses) and boats, mainly for the period 1807–1824, though one or two documents may be older.

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Accessibility Inventory, “Centrala tullarkiv före 1825”, by Karin Wikberg Lindroth (2004), with an appendix covering the drawings in the record group. Record creator / provenance The Deputy Director-General of the Land Toll (the General Land Toll Ofce) was the central executive agency for the land toll (i.e. the toll on inland goods). For institutional developments during the second half of the eighteenth century, see the description of the Geneneralsjötullkontoret (the General Sea Toll Ofce, reference code: SE/RA/4110/4110.02). The land toll was abolished in 1811 and with it the post of Deputy DirectorGeneral. Various documents relating to toll buildings date from after 1811, however. Visually attractive Visually attractive documents include drawings of customs buildings (for example the Dalarö customs building in the Stockholm archipelago, 1787– 1789) and of boats in the Audit and Visitation Archives of the General Land Toll Ofce (Generallandtullkontorets revisions- och husesynskontors arkiv) (series E1). Related materials •

•

Earlier Central Customs Archives. Deputy Director-General of the Sea Toll (the General Sea Toll Ofce) (Äldre centrala tullarkiv. Överdirektören för sjötullen, reference code: SE/RA/4110/4110.02). Earlier Central Customs Archives, Generaltullarrendesocieteten, etc. (Äldre centrala tullarkiv. Generaltullarrendesocieteten m , reference code: SE/RA/4110/4110.01).

Publications • • • • • •

Andersson Palm, L, “Tullserierna en värdefull historisk källa”, in: Scandia, 2 (1993). Argus: årsbok för Tullmuseum och Tullhistoriska föreningen (1987–). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 5, Centrala myndigheter och domstolar. Internationella organ (Stockholm, 1999). Bengtsson, R., and J. Berggren, Svenska tullhus. Swedish custom houses (Stockholm, 1993). Tullhistorisk tidskrift (1979–1987). Tullverket 1636–1986: en jubileumsbok (Stockholm, 1986); with an english summary.

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Stålhane, A.R. (ed.), Tull- och sjöfartsförfattningar: Sveriges (Stockholm, 1892). Wikberg, K., “Generaltullstyrelsen och dess föregångares arkiv”, in: Argus (1992). Wikberg, K., Alla dess tullar—en arkivguide. Vägledning till tullarkiv och tullhandlingar i Riksarkivet (Stockholm, 2005).

Earlier Central Customs Archives. General Customs Leasehold Society, etc. Record group Earlier Central Customs Archives. General Customs Leasehold Society, etc. Äldre centrala tullarkiv. Generaltullarrendesocieteten m  Reference code : SE/RA/4110/4110.01 Period : 1577–1849 Extent : 706 volumes, 43 metres Abstract This record group contains all records of the Customs Board directorates, known as Generaltullarrendesocieteterna and Generaltulldirektionerna for the period 1726–1825. Thus, the documents relate to the customs administration in Sweden and Finland. The main series comprise proceedings, registers, letter books and incoming letters. The accounts of Generaltullarrendesocieteterna and Generaltulldirektionerna, containing particulars of goods and tariffs, for example, are not part of this record group and are to be found in the archives of the Kammarkollegium (see under “Related materials”). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1577–1845 : Finland, Germany, Sweden, various countries : Swedish

As the entire record group contains documents relating to customs administration in Sweden and Finland, information on customs and trade is to be found in all the series included. Series A1: Proceedings of the Customs Board directorates called Generaltullarrendesocieteterna and Generaltulldirektionerna (1765–1824). Here, if a matter was discussed by the directorates, one can nd particulars on,

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for example, customs revenues from Swedish towns and customs charges, as well as individual cases from the various customs districts. Most of the proceedings are accompanied by alphabetical subject and name indexes. Series D4. This series contains, for example, excerpts from letters and resolutions of the King in Council and government boards concerning the customs administration (1577–1845), with an index of places and subjects. For the years between 1700 and 1749, there are also particulars concerning licenten in Pomerania and Wismar. The main collection of correspondence from government boards and authorities is to be found in the series E1 and E2 (1726–1824). Series E6. This series comprises correspondence from the Deputy DirectorGeneral of the Sea Toll (1790–1824), including documents appended from the “sea toll chambers” (i.e. the customs administration in the staple towns), which may, for example, contain particulars on foreign trade. Series E10. This series consists of correspondence, arranged per county, partly from the “sea toll chambers” (customs administration in the staple towns), including applications for appointments as well as daybooks particularising goods (e.g. conscated goods and nancial computations of customs revenues) and events in the seaports of Sweden and Finland (1783–1824). Volume F2:1. This item contains: calculations (in copper coinage denominations) of charges on goods under the 1739 customs tariff, based on types of commodity; contracts listing staple towns and “up-towns” (towns entitled to engage in domestic trade only); an alphabetical list of manufactories and factories with various kinds of customs exemption; and a list of duty-free military goods conveyed within Sweden and Stralsund (1739–1740). This volume also contains lists of domestic toll revenues for towns and counties of Sweden and Finland (1777–1795). Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by Karin Wikberg Lindroth (2005). Record creator / provenance Until 1726, the Kammarkollegium (judicial board for public lands and funds) and the Kommerskollegium (National Board of Trade) constituted the customs administration directorate. Between 1726 and 1825 customs came under various directorates, both private and under the Crown. Between 1726 and 1765 the Sea and Land Tolls were farmed out for a xed annual charge to the Generaltullarrendesocieteten, a private body. Between 1772 and 1776 the tolls were administered by the Crown and the Generaltulldirektionen (I) was set up for this purpose. It was abolished again in 1772 and now

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the Kammarkollegium took charge until 1776. Between 1777 and 1782 the tolls were farmed out to individual shareholders in the name of the Generaltullarrendesocieteten (II), but between 1782 and 1802 they were again administered by the Crown, through the Generaltulldirektionen (II). From 1803 to 1812 the tolls were farmed out to the Generaltullarrendesocieteten (III) and between 1813 and 1824 they were placed under the Crown through the Generaltulldirektionen (III). The materials described here include records of all these directorates and “societies” until the formation of the Board of Customs (Generaltullstyrelsen) in 1824. Related materials •

•

Earlier Central Customs Archives. The Deputy Director-General for the Land Toll (Äldre centrala tullarkiv. Överdirektören för landtullen, reference code: SE/RA/4110/4110.03). Earlier Central Customs Archives. The Deputy Director-General of the Sea Toll (Äldre centrala tullarkiv. Överdirektören för sjötullen, reference code: SE/RA/4110/4110.02).

Customs administration activities before 1726 are mostly reected in the Kammarkollegium record group of Tull- och licentkontoret (reference code: SE/RA/521/521.12); accounts for the whole period are to be found in Centrala tullräkenskaper (reference code: SE/RA/55305). Publications • • • • •

• • • •

Andersson Palm, L., “Tullserierna en värdefull historisk källa”, in: Scandia, 2 (1993). Argus: årsbok för Tullmuseum och Tullhistoriska föreningen (1987–). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 5, Centrala myndigheter och domstolar. Internationella organ (Stockholm, 1999). Stålhane, A.R. (ed.), Tull- och sjöfartsförfattningar: Sveriges (Stockholm, 1892). Stiernman, A.A. von, Samling utaf Kongl. Bref, Stadgar och förordningar etc. angående Sweriges Rikes Commerce, Politie och Oekonomi, Vols. I–VI (Stockholm, 1747–1775). Tullhistorisk tidskrift (1979–1987). Tullverket 1636–1986: en jubileumsbok (Stockholm, 1986); including an English summary. Wikberg, K., “Generaltullstyrelsen och dess föregångares arkiv”, in: Argus (1992). Wikberg, K., Alla dess tullar—en arkivguide. Vägledning till tullarkiv och tullhandlingar i Riksarkivet (Stockholm, 2005).

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Ericsberg Archives Record group Ericsberg Archives Ericsbergsarkivet Reference code Period Extent

: SE/RA/720266 : 1372–1900 : 1100 volumes, 90 metres

Abstract The Ericsberg Archives are the largest surviving collection deriving from a Swedish castle. They contain both the ancestral archives of the Bonde family and large quantities of miscellaneous materials and fragments, including a collection of parchment letters (1372–1812) and the most extensive autograph/letter collection in Sweden. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1372–1820 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Low German, Swedish, various languages

The Ericsberg Archives consist of several collections, often containing a large number of letters (with indexes of correspondents), both Swedish and foreign, which deal, for example, with trade and international contacts. Material includes the following larger collections: •

• •

Autograph Collection (314 volumes): This collection contains letters from Swedes and foreigners, for example providing information concerning trade and diplomacy. The Autograph Collection has been scanned and is available online (see under “Copies”). Bonde Family Papers: These papers consist mainly of a large number of letters from members of the Bonde family. Stenbock Archives: This collection includes, among other things, documents relating to the Stenbock family estates and industrial properties in Sweden, military

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documents from Stralsund (eighteenth century), and a voluminous collection of correspondence for the period c. 1660–1820. Princess Sophia Albertina Collection: This collection includes letters from foreign royal houses, mainly from Prussia, 1783–1827 (volume B:2). Ebba Brahe Papers: These papers include, among other things, records concerning Ebba Brahe’s (and De La Gardie’s) Finnish and Baltic lands, 1603–1673 (volume 9). Fredrik Sparre Collection: This collection contains his diary, 1753–1786, and a collection of letters, including letters from Russia, the Netherlands, Germany and other countries, from the 1780s and 1790s. Tessin Collection: This collection mainly concerns Carl Gustaf Tessin (1695–1770), who was an art collector and ambassador to France and Denmark. It includes a large number of letters from Swedes and foreigners, 1717–1760.

Accessibility All the collections mentioned under “Relevant contents” have separate inventories (in Swedish) with alphabetical indexes. Custodial history The Ericsberg Archives were deposited at the National Archives in 1948 and bought by the Swedish State in 2001. Copies Part of the collection of letters (the so-called Autograph Collection) is available on microlm and online at: www.svar.ra.se (by subscription). Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 8, Enskilda arkiv (Stockholm, 2006), pp. 261–290.

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Extranea Collection Record group Extranea Collection Extraneasamlingen Reference code : SE/RA/2415 Period : 1500–1800 Extent : 250 volumes, 19 metres Abstract This collection consists of documents originating from countries other than Sweden. The materials can be divided into three main categories: 1. Ofcial and private letters, and archival fragments and documents concerning the history of other countries. 2. Hand-written newsletters from correspondents and other informants. 3. State publications, newspapers and other printed matter. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1392–1817 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Low German, Russian, Swedish

Papers concerning countries around the Baltic Sea include the following: DENMARK •

Papers and letters from Kristian III and Fredrik VI, news sheets and notes concerning Denmark.

HOLLAND • • • •

Letters and other papers, 1572–1701 (33–42). Papers of ambassador P. de Groot, 1668–1671 (46). Newsletters, 1570–1759 (53–61). “Placard” proclamations concerning the sale of Swedish ships seized by privateers, 1675 (66).

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POLAND • • • • • • •

Papers and letters, 1562–1812 (75, 76). Royal court and state accounts from the reigns of Sigismund III and Vladislav (80–84). L. Gembicki’s archives, 1594–1655 (94–110). Papers concerning Prussia, 1566–1621 (132–134). Papers concerning Ermland and fragments of its cathedral chapter archives, 1503–1620 (146–149). Papers concerning Courland, and the Courland ducal archives, 1700–1701 (150–153). Papers concerning Livonia, lists of garrisons and stores and incoming letters for the fortress of Kokenhusen.

RUSSIA • •

Papers and letters in Russian or Church Slavonic, 1504–1835 (156– 158). Newsletters and sundry printed matter, 1720–1813 (160–164).

GERMANY • • • •

Papers and letters, 1392–1829 (174–186). Papers concerning Mecklenburg, 1582–1656 (187–191). Newspapers from Köln (Cologne), 1661–1664, and the Lower Elbe region, 1690–1710 (206, 207). Printed matter from Germany, 1551–1817 (208–214).

Accessibility Checklists and usually topical indexes (e.g. of correspondents) for each section. Record creator / provenance This collection derives from many different record creators. Some materials were captured during wars, other items were appended to diplomatic reports or purchased by the Swedish National Archives. Many documents have been transferred from the Tidö Archives. The greater part of the materials relating to Poland and Germany came to Sweden during the Thirty Years’ War.

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Publications • •

•

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden. Kungl. Maj:ts kansli. Utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996), pp. 649–657. Schieche, E., “Umfang und Schicksal der von den Schweden 1645 in Nikolsburg und 1648 in Prag erbeuteten Archivalien”, in: Bohemia, 8 (1968). Weibull, L., Om de under Karl X Gustafs krig till Sverige förda arkiven.

Foreign Ofce Record group Foreign Ofce Utrikesexpeditionen Reference code : SE/RA/11201 Period : 1684–1809 Extent : 775 volumes, 60 metres Abstract The record group contains minutes of the council, registratur (copies of outgoing letters) and diaries or letter books. The incoming letters are to be found in the Diplomatica collections (see under “Custodial history” and “Relevant materials”). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1684–1809 : Germany, Sweden : High German, Swedish

This record group contains documents concerning Sweden’s relations with (chiey) the Swedish provinces in Germany, diplomatic contacts, foreign trade and travellers (such as the issuing of passports). Important series include the following: • •

A: Rådsprotokoll, council minutes, 1723–1772. B: Registratur, copies of outgoing letters, 1684–1809 (copies of outgoing letters between 1684 and 1718 may also be found in the Riksregistraturet of the Undivided Chancery, see under “Related materials”).

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C: Ingående och utgående diarier, incoming and outgoing letter books, 1728–1809 and 1709–1809, respectively. D: Register till utrikesregistraturet, register of copies of outgoing letters, 1684–1739.

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by N.F. Holm. Other relevant inventories are: “Rådsprotokoll och föredragningslistor”, “Rådsprotokoll intill 1840”, “Riksregistratur II” and “Kungliga koncept”. Record creator / provenance The 1713, Chancery Ordinance established two state ofces for foreign affairs, known as the First and Second Ofce. The latter was also referred to as the German Ofce, because it covered the German states, Denmark and the Mediterranean. In 1719, the two ofces were amalgamated and this “Foreign Ofce” now dealt with matters both relating to Sweden’s foreign relations and the Swedish territories in Germany. After 1772, the jurisdiction of the Foreign Ofce was narrowed down mainly to issues relating to the German provinces. It was dissolved in 1809, a few years after Sweden had lost all its German territories. Custodial history Due to archival practices in earlier periods, documents sent to the Foreign Ofce (for example diplomatic reports) are to be found in various collections, rst and foremost in the following Diplomatica collections: Livonica II, Pommeranica, Bremensia and Wismariensia. The council minutes dating from before 1723 have ended up in the records of the Undivided Chancery, while copies of outgoing documents may be found in the Riksregistraturet of the Undivided Chancery. Copies Series D, copies of outgoing Foreign Ofce communications, has been microlmed. Related materials •

•

Various Diplomatica collections: Livonica II (reference code: SE/ RA/2402), Pommeranica (SE/RA/2404), Bremensia (SE/RA/2408) and Wismariensia (SE/RA/2407). Undivided Chancery. Council Minutes (Det odelade kansliet. Rådsprotokoll, reference code: SE/RA/1111).

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Undivided Chancery. Riksregistraturet (Det odelade kansliet. Riksregistraturet, reference code: SE/RA/1112.1).

Publications • • •

Lewenhaupt, S., “Historik över utrikesärendenas behandling i Sverige”, in: Utrikesdepartementets kalender (1919–1920), pp. 153–164. Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden. Kungl. Maj:ts kansli. Utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996). Den Svenska utrikesförvaltningens historia, ed. S. Tunberg (Uppsala, 1935).

Gadebusch Collection Record group Gadebusch Collection Gadebuschska samlingen Reference code : SE/RA/2405 Period : 1500–1802 Extent : 476 volumes, 21 metres Abstract The extensive collection of Professor T.H. Gadebusch consists mainly of books and other printed matter, but also includes archival documents, relating to Pomerania, such as papers concerning constitutional law, towns and local history, population statistics (e.g. census rolls for parts of Pomerania), church matters and education, literature, art, various trades and industries, and commerce. In addition, there are personal notes by Gadebusch for his own scholarly activities. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1778–1795 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Swedish

Documents pertaining to trade are mostly to be found in the following volumes:

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119: Including information on commodities, harbours and ships’ destinations at home (Pomerania) and abroad (both in Europe and other parts of the world), mainly 1780s. 120: Tables of imports and exports both by land and by sea, with particulars on ports and countries in and outside Pomerania, e.g. Stralsund, Lübeck and Hamburg (1778–1787); lists of ships in Stralsund, Greifswald and Barth with particulars on names, tonnages, types of ship and home ports (1781–1782); lists of the destinations of ships from Wismar, Stralsund, Greifswald and Wolgast (1782). 152, 285: Documents relating to grain exports and the ban on export of grain from Pomerania, including a number of printed ordinances and memoranda (1790s).

Accessibility Inventories in German and Swedish, by T.H. Gadebusch (1781) and H. Brulin (1915), with a register in Swedish to the inventory by A. Soom (1954); inventory in German also available online at: www.nad.se/ra. Record creator / provenance Thomas Heinrich Gadebusch (1736–1804) was Professor of German and Pomeranian Constitutional Law in Greifswald. In 1797 he migrated to Stockholm and from 1798 onwards served at the Pomeranian Commission. Custodial history The collection was acquired by Sweden in 1805, after Gadebusch’s death. The collection was arranged by Gadebusch himself according to his own system, which is still partly retained. Publications • • • • •

Brulin, H., “Gadebuschska samlingen i Riksarkivet. En redogörelse”, in: Nordisk tidskrift för bok- och biblioteksväsende (1916). Brulin, H., Die Gadebuschsammlung in Stockholmer Reichsarchiv. Ein Bericht (1929). Gadebusch, T.H., Schwedischpommersche Staatskunde, 2 vols. (1786– 1788). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden, Kungl. Majt:s kansli, utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 6, Särskilda bestånd och allmänna forskningshjälpmedel (Stockholm, 2003).

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Governor-General of Queen Christina’s Appanages Record group Governor-General of Queen Christina’s Appanages Generalguvernören för drottning Kristinas underhållsländer Reference code : SE/RA/54106 Period : 1654–1689 Extent : 139 volumes, 11 metres Abstract These archives comprise accounting records of various kinds from Queen Christina’s appanages in Pomerania, Bremen, Gotland, Öland, Ösel (Saaremaa) and Norrköping. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1654–1687 : Estonia, Germany, Sweden : High German, Low German, Swedish

The following accounting records are of particular interest with regard to Baltic Sea trade: •

•

•

Series VI: Customs accounts for the Great Sea Toll (export/import duty) and the Lesser Toll for Visby, Norrköping and Arensburg (Kuressaare), including customs daybooks and receipts for customs dues paid, concerning skippers, ships’ names and ports of origin, and goods (type of cargo, consignee, amount paid in customs dues), 1654–1688 (61 volumes). Series IX: Documents of the town of Norrköping, mainly comprising accounting records, containing, among other things, tolag dues, with particulars on skippers, ships, home ports and cargoes, 1655–1687 (19 volumes). Ösel documents, accounting records from Arensburg (Kuressaare), 1659–1686 (1 volume).

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by B. Medin (1951).

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Related materials •

Royal Archives collection (Kungliga arkiv, reference code: SE/RA/ 710003–10).

Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 4, Kammararkivet (Stockholm, 1995).

Harbour and Bridge Construction (Ystad) Commission Record group Harbour and Bridge Construction (Ystad) Commission Deputerade över hamn- och brobyggnaden i Ystad Reference code : SE/RA/310640 Period : 1748–1766 Extent : 1 volume Abstract The records consist of reports to the King in Council, giving nancial and technical calculations for the port of Ystad (on the south coast of Sweden), together with letters and minutes of proceedings. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1748–1766 : Sweden : Swedish

The materials include interesting maps of the Ystad harbour and coastal areas as well as daily particulars of weather conditions and water levels in Ystad between February and April 1749. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), nding aid code: ÄK 640.

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Record creator / provenance The Harbour and bridge construction (Ystad) commission was appointed on the 10th of May 1748 and seems to have existed at least until 1766. Visually attractive The materials include manuscript maps of the port of Ystad as planned and also of coastal areas near the town. Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 3, Kommittéarkiv (Stockholm, 1993).

Home Ofce Record group Home Ofce Inrikescivilexpeditionen Reference code : SE/RA/11204/11204.1 Period : 1719–1809 Extent : 1164 volumes, 112 metres Abstract This record group reects the duties of the Home Ofce or Inrikescivilexpeditionen, to which matters relating to, for example, trade, customs and manufacturing were transferred, following the abolition of the Handelsexpeditionen (Trade Ofce) in 1719. Important series in the archives of this institution are Rådsprotokollen (council proceedings), Registratur (copies of outgoing letters) and Diarier (drafts and day books / letter books. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1719–1809 : Finland, Sweden, various countries : Swedish

There are no series that specically concern trade, shipping and customs issues, and relevant documents may therefore appear in all series. The following description include are some of the more obviously relevant series and documents:

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Rådsprotokoll med register (indexed council proceedings), 1724–1789 (series A1A), and rådsprotokoll i koncept (draft council proceedings), 1720–1780 (series A1C). These proceedings of the Privy Council (which served as the government of Sweden and comprised sixteen members, chaired by the King) contain decisions relating to, for example, customs and manufacturing rights, shipping and the rights of various towns. The documents refer mainly to Sweden and Finland, but other countries may also be mentioned. Registratur och koncept (copies of outgoing letters and drafts), 1719–1809 (series B1A and B3A). These series contain Royal Ordinances and ofcial writings on various subjects. In- och utgående diarier (incoming and outgoing letter books), 1712–1809 (series C1A and C2). These letter books provide a good overview of transactions. The incoming documents are, however, not part of these archives but are distributed among various other collections (see under “Custodial history”).

Accessibility Inventory, by J. Cavallie (1986); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance The Statsexpeditionerna (Ofces of State) were the precursors of what in the 1840s came to be known as ministries or government departments (departementen). The 1713 Chancery Ordinance (kansliordning) assigned domestic affairs relating to, for example, foreign and domestic trade, manufacturing, coinage, banking and customs, to the Handelsexpeditionen (Trade Ofce). The Royal Chancery was reorganised in 1719 and matters that until then had been dealt with by the Handelsexpeditionen, were transferred to the Inrikescivilexpeditionen (Home Ofce). In 1773 matters concerning trade and shipping were transferred to the newly formed Handels- och nansexpeditionen (Trade and Finance Ofce). This was abolished in 1792, however, whereupon its business was reverted to the Inrikescivilexpeditionen again. In 1719 the so-called Kammarexpeditionen merged with the Inrikescivilexpeditionen. Custodial history The archives of the Home Ofce do not include its incoming documents. In accordance with earlier cataloguing principles, these papers have been distributed among several other collections. These include:

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Riksdagsacta (reference code: SE/RA/61302). Städernas enskilda besvär (reference code: SE/RA/61302.2). Allmänna verks, ämbetsmäns, direktioners m  skrivelser till Kungl. Maj:t (reference code: SE/RA/1135). Riksarkivets ämnessamlingar (various collections compiled by the National Archives on different subjects).

Copies The register to the copies of the outgoing letters has been put on microlm (Registraturet, series B1A). Related materials • • • • • •

Allmänna verks, ämbetsmäns, direktioners m  skrivelser till Kungl. Maj: t (reference code: SE/RA/1135). Handelsexpeditionen (Trade Office, reference code: SE/RA/11204/ 11204.2). Handels- och nansexpeditionen (Trade and Finance Ofce, reference code: SE/RA/11205/11205.1). Riksarkivets ämnessamlingar (various collections compiled by the National Archives on different subjects). Riksdagsacta (reference code: SE/RA/61301). Städernas enskilda besvär (reference code: SE/RA/61302.2).

Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden. Kungl. Maj:ts kansli. Utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996).

Ironmasters’ Association Record group Ironmasters’ Association Jernkontoret Reference code : SE/RA/420114 Period : 1744–1928 Extent : 147 metres

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Abstract This record group chiey contains minutes of the meetings of the Association’s board, correspondence and nancial documents. The materials have been divided into eight sections, the most important of which comprise the records of the managing society (brukssocieteten), the deputies (deputerade) and the delegates ( fullmäktige). Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1748–1812 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

In the section that consists of the records deriving from the Association’s delegates ( fullmäktige), there are three series relevant to the Baltic Sea trade: Series DII (1 volume for the year 1751) contains lists of charges on exported Swedish goods (such as customs and tolag) and calculations of the expenses for Swedish and foreign vessels, based on their size or cargo capacity, with information on, for example, harbour and pilot costs (not per vessel). Series DIII (1 volume) consists of export lists of drop-forging products (a special kind of forging products, such as nails, tin plates and tin roofs) from the period 1757–1812, with information on where these were produced, the Swedish ports they were shipped from and their destinations (including towns around the Baltic Sea). Series GXXIV (3 volumes for the period 1748–1800, 18 volumes for the entire series ending in 1870) comprises weighing lists with information about iron exports (from the iron scales in staple towns), specifying where the iron was produced, quantities and to which ports the iron was exported (including towns around the Baltic Sea). Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by E. Nordström (1964). Record creator / provenance The Ironmasters’ Association (Jernkontoret) was founded in 1747 as an association of the proprietors of ironworks, brukssocieteten, to support the

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Swedish export of iron bars through loans and credits. The Association cooperated with the Mines Authority (Bergskollegium) in many undertakings to support and improve Swedish iron-making, e.g. through the creation of the ofce of chief ironmaster and the funding of travelling to study ironmaking in other countries. Custodial history The bulk of the records of the Ironmasters’ Association, dating from 1869 onward, is kept by the Ironmasters’ Association in Stockholm itself (see: www. jernkontoret.se). The Association also keeps some older archival documents and a library covering elds such as mining and iron-making history. Related materials • • • •

Judicial Board for Public Lands and Funds. Collection of Records about Mining (Kammarkollegiet. Bergsbruk, reference code: SE/RA/522/02). Mines Authority (Bergskollegium, reference code: SE/RA/420013). National Archives Collection. Mining (Riksarkivets ämnessamlingar. Bergverken, reference code: SE/RA/757/05). Stockholm Pig Iron Scales (Stockholms tackjärnsvåg, reference code: SE/SSA/0565).

Publications • •

Boëthius, B., and Å. Kromnow, Jernkontorets historia, Vols. I–III (Stockholm, 1947–1968). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 5, Centrala myndigheter (Stockholm, 1999).

Judicial Board for Public Lands and Funds. Communications Record group Judicial Board for Public Lands and Funds. Communications Kammarkollegiet. Kommunikationer Reference code : SE/RA/522/12 Period : 1625–1837 Extent : 19 volumes

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Abstract This record group consists of records concerning communications of the Judicial Board for Public Lands and Funds. The material includes documents regarding roads, bridges, inns, harbours, pilotage, canals and locks, lighthouses and beacons. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1762–1773 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Low German, Swedish

The following volumes are relevant with regard to Baltic Sea shipping: • •

•

5: Correspondence concerning the Swedish harbour regulations, 1773. 6: Documents concerning the Crown revenue from pilotage dues, providing information regarding pilotage dues paid by skippers (Swedish and foreign) and including names of skipper and ship, port of origin and destination and cargo, 1763. 14–16: Documents concerning lighthouses and beacons. Including: * 16: Lists of beacon dues paid in 1762 in the towns and ports of Stockholm, Dalarö, Norrköping, Nyköping, Söderköping, Västervik, Kalmar, Gävle, Visby, Karlskrona, Karlshamn, Kristianstad, Landskrona, Malmö and Ystad, including names of Swedish and foreign skippers, their home ports and destinations.

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by V. Gödel. Related materials •

National Archives Collection. Communications System (Riksarkivets ämnsessamling. Kommunikationsväsen, reference code: SE/RA/757/20).

Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 4, Kammararkivet (Stockholm, 1995).

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Judicial Board for Public Lands and Funds. Customs and “Licenten” Ofce Record group Judicial Board for Public Lands and Funds. Customs and “Licenten” Ofce Kammarkollegiet. Tull- och licentkontoret Reference code : SE/RA/521/521.12 Period : 1586–1828 Extent : 380 volumes, 27.5 metres Abstract This record group consists of records concerning the customs and licenten ofce of the Judicial Board for Public Lands and Funds. The material contains mainly documents from the ofce’s own chancellery. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1566–1817 : Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Russia, Sweden : Swedish

The record group contains extensive series of incoming and outgoing documents addressing matters related to Baltic Sea trade and customs duties, namely series B: draft documents, 1667–1826 (9 volumes), and series E: incoming letters, 1665–1828 (109 volumes). The following series are also relevant: •

•

F II, 1–19: Customs tariffs and ordinances, 1566–1734. Including customs tariffs for Baltic provinces: * 15: Nyen, 1628–1681. * 16, 17: Pomerania, Wismar and Prussia, 1566–1734. * 18: St. Petersburg, Viborg (Viipuri) and Narva, 1724. * 19: Bremen-Verden, 1652–1680s. F IV, 26–31: Documents concerning customs exemptions, such as applications for customs exemptions regarding Russian grain, including applications, memorandums and lists of persons applying for customs exemption, with information on traders and the ports of origin of the grain (Riga, Tallinn (Reval), Pernau, Narva and St. Petersburg), 1744–1817.

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F IX, 1–15: Documents concerning customs buildings in Sweden and Finland, containing memorandums, letters and accounts, 1689–1819. F X, 1–7: Documents concerning lighthouses, 1646–1793. Including: * 3: Swedish Baltic provinces, 1646–1719.

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by E. Blumfeldt (1967). Record creator / provenance The customs and licenten (a special customs charge levied in Sweden’s Baltic provinces) ofce was formed in 1665, when a special accountant was appointed to examine the accounts submitted to the Kammarkollegium. The ofce was discontinued in 1825. The main task of the customs and licenten ofce was to examine the accounts of the great sea toll (a customs duty on export trade) and the lesser tolls (customs duties levied on domestic trade) and of other commodity taxes and (excise) surcharges, before they were submitted to the Kammarrevisionen/Kammarrätten (the administrative court of appeal) for auditing. After auditing, the customs accounts were delivered to the Kammararkivet (the Chamber Archives), and they can now be found in various collections (see under “Related materials”). The ofce also handled certain other customs matters. Custodial history A large part of the documents has been lost, partly as a result of them being divided into several collections during the nineteenth century. In the 1960s, the original collection was reinstated as much as possible. Related materials • • • • •

Bremen-Verden. Audited Accounts (Bremen-Verden. Reviderade räkenskaper, reference code: SE/RA/55404). Central Customs Accounts (Centrala tullräkenskaper, reference code: SE/RA/55305). Customs and “Licenten” Accounts of the Baltic Provinces (Östersjöprovinsernas tull- och licenträkenskaper, reference code: SE/RA/55412). Judicial Board for Public Lands and Funds. Communications (Kammarkollegiet. Kommunikationer, reference code: SE/RA/522/12). Pomerania-Wismar. Audited Accounts (Pommern-Wismar. Reviderade räkenskaper, reference code SE/RA/55405).

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Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 4, Kammararkivet (Stockholm, 1995).

Judicial Board for Public Lands and Funds. Finnish “Cameralia” Record group Judicial Board for Public Lands and Funds. Finnish “Cameralia” Kammarkollegiet. Finska cameralia Reference code : SE/RA/522/03 Period : 1538–1805 Extent : 120 volumes, 10 metres Abstract This record group comprises various accounts concerning Finland during its Swedish period. The material includes bailiff’s accounts, various taxation rolls and customs accounts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1541–1678 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Swedish

Relevant with regard to Baltic Sea trade are the customs accounts from various Finnish towns (volumes 81–90), such as Helsinki, 1556–1615; Pori (Björneborg), 1589–1618 (no. 81); Viipuri (Viborg), 1550–1678 (nos. 83, 84); and Turku (Åbo), 1541–1677 (nos. 85–89). These accounts contain information regarding imports and exports of goods, names of ships and skippers, type of cargo and ports of origin and destination, which include Gdansk (Danzig), Lübeck, Riga, Rostock, Stralsund, Viipuri, Tallinn (Reval), Stockholm, Copenhagen and places in the Netherlands. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by E. Malmsten.

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Custodial history Archival material concerning Finland was transferred from Sweden to Finland on a number of occasions during the nineteenth century (1810–1812, 1825 and 1864). Materials that, for one reason or another, were not moved to Finland/Russia, were arranged into two collections in 1910: the Finnish “Cameralia”, and the Third Provincial Ofce, Finnish and Baltic Documents (Tredje provinskontoret nska och baltiska handlingar, see under “Related materials”). Related materials •

Third Provincial Ofce, Finnish and Baltic Documents (Kammarkollegiet. Tredje provinskontoret nska och baltiska handlingar, reference code: SE/RA/521/521.08).

Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 4, Kammararkivet (Stockholm, 1995).

Judicial Board for Public Lands and Funds. Liquidation Files Record group Judicial Board for Public Lands and Funds. Liquidation Files Kammarkollegiet. Likvidationsakter Reference code : SE/RA/522/16 Period : 1500–1800 Extent : 1213 volumes, 129 metres Abstract This record group consists of les regarding “liquidations” of the Judicial Board for Public Lands and Funds. “Liquidations” are documents in which the claims of private persons or corporations on the Crown were settled. The record group contains draft versions of the documents dispatched by the Kammarkollegium to creditors. There are liquidations of various kinds, such as those of pay claims from ofcers and civil servants, leaseholds, reimbursement payments, skippers’ cargoes and merchants’ receipts.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1500–1800 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

The liquidations from skippers concern payments for cargoes transported on the Crown’s behalf. They give information concerning both Swedish and foreign skippers, and concerning cargoes and destinations (series 76–79). The liquidations also contain information regarding nanciers and merchants assisting the Swedish Crown nancially. Accessibility Inventories (in Swedish), by E. Malmsten, H. Rosman and G. Corin (1923), and by H. Appelgren and E. Blumfeldt (1959). An alphabetical card index is available in the reading room. Related materials •

Liquidation Commission 1680–1717 (Likvidationskommissionen 1680– 1717, reference code: SE/RA/5326).

Publications • •

Danielson, C., “Likvidationerna i kammararkivet—en presentation”, in: Arkivvetenskapliga studier, 6 (Stockholm, 1987), pp. 61–68. Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 4, Kammararkivet (Stockholm, 1995).

Judicial Board for Public Lands and Funds. Pomerania-Wismar. Audited Accounts Record group Judicial Board for Public Lands and Funds. Pomerania-Wismar. Audited Accounts Kammarkollegium. Pommern-Wismar. Reviderade räkenskaper Reference code : SE/RA/55405 Period : 1630–1810 Extent : 2251 volumes

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Abstract This record group consists of the audited accounts concerning PomeraniaWismar from the Judicial Board for Public Lands and Funds. It comprises two series: the main series and the licenten accounts. The main series contains accounts from the provincial administration’s regular nancial administration, which does not include the Pomeranian appanages of Queen Christina of Sweden (see under “Related materials”). The series of licenten accounts contains accounts for the special licenttull levied in the ports of Hither and Further Pomerania and Mecklenburg. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1629–1810 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Swedish

The main series (reference code: SE/RA/55405/55405.1) consists of main ledgers, daybooks and various special accounts, 1629–1805 (1766 volumes). These special accounts (including the input data for the main ledgers) contain, for example, information regarding ships, goods and customs duties. The series of licenten accounts (reference code: SE/RA/55405/55405.2) contains accounts concerning the special customs duty levied in Pomerania and Mecklenburg (licenttull), 1630–1810 (485 volumes). The series contains the summary accounts based on the reports of the licenten chambers (rst in Szczecin (Stettin) and from 1681 in Stockholm) and consists of chronological main accounts and licenten daybooks, as wel as, for certain years, of vouchers. The licenten daybooks provide names of skippers and information regarding goods and ports of origin of the ships, which include ports in the Baltic Sea region and beyond. The vouchers of paid customs dues also give information concerning cargoes, skippers and destinations. Accessibility Inventories (in Swedish): Pommern—Wismar Reviderade räkenskaper 1. Huvudserie, and Pommern—Wismar Reviderade räkenskaper 2. Licenträkenskaper, including an index of accounts concerning the Elbe tolls, both by E. Blumfeldt (1963).

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Record creator / provenance The licenttull was introduced in 1630 in the ports of Hither and Further Pomerania (with the exception of Stralsund up to 1650) and, from 1635 onwards, in the ports of Mecklenburg. Between 1653 and 1674, the collection of the duty in the ports of Further Pomerania was divided between Sweden and Brandenburg. The Swedish customs zone steadily diminished, however, and towards the end of the Swedish period comprised of the ports of “Swedish Pomerania” (Stralsund, Greifswald, Barth and Wolgast). Sweden came into possession of Pomerania-Wismar during the Thirty Years’ War (starting with the alliance with the town of Stralsund in 1628). In the peace treaty of Westphalia of 1648, Sweden was granted the whole of Hither Pomerania (Vorpommern) and the Oder River estuary (the towns of Szczecin (Stettin), Garz, Damm and Gollnow and the island of Wollin). Sweden’s territory was reduced in the eighteenth century. The lands around the Oder estuary (Szczecin included), Hither Pomerania south of the Peene River, and the island of Usedom were lost in 1720. From that time Swedish Pomerania comprised of Hither Pomerania north of the Peene River, centring on Stralsund, and the island of Rügen. This territory was ceded to Prussia in 1815. Custodial history The accounts of the main series were usually compiled in duplicate. One copy was submitted to the Kammarkollegium for auditing, constituting the present main series, while the second was kept in Pomerania. Related materials •

Governor-General of Queen Christina’s Appanages (Generalguvernören för drottning Kristinas underhållsländer, reference code: SE/RA/ 54106).

Publications •

•

•

Böhme, K.-R., Bremisch-verdische Staatsnanzen 1645–1676. Die schwedische Krone als deutsche Landesherrin (Studia Historica Upsaliensia, 26) (Uppsala, 1967). Fiedler, B.-C., Die Verwaltung der Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden in der Schwedenzeit 1652–1712. Organisation und Wesen der Verwaltung (Stade, 1987). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 4, Kammararkivet (Stockholm, 1995).

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Judicial Board for Public Lands and Funds. Trade and Shipping Record group Judicial Board for Public Lands and Funds. Trade and Shipping Kammarkollegiet. Handel och sjöfart Reference code : SE/RA/522/09 Period : 1574–1817 Extent : 30 volumes, 2 metres Abstract This record group consists of various documents relating to trade and shipping from the Judicial Board for Public Lands and Funds. The material includes trade and shipping ordinances (1574–1817), documents concerning Swedish trading and shipping companies (such as the Tobakskompaniet and the Ostindiska Kompaniet) and the colony of New Sweden (1637–1689), as well as documents from private archives. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1629–1817 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, High German, Low German, Swedish

Several volumes are relevant with regard to Baltic Sea trade: • • • •

•

1: Ordinances concerning trade from Narva, for instance with Russia and the Netherlands, 1657–1740 (1 volume). 2: Personal passports for travellers (mostly Swedes), 1653–1817 (1 volume). 3: Registers of ships with a complete or half an exemption from customs duty, from both foreign and Swedish ports, 1661–1691 (1 volume). 12–16: Documents concerning the Swedish tar companies, providing information on the production of tar in Swedish and Finnish towns, 1629–1718 (5 volumes). 51, 52, 54 and 57: Private accounts. Including: * 51: Accounts of a German trader in Stockholm, 1643–1645.

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* 52: Dutch accounts named Groot boeck, 1648–1650. * 54, 47: German accounts, 1655–1656 and 1715–1756. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by H. Rosman. Record creator / provenance These documents were acquired from various institutions: the Kammarkollegium, the Kommerskollegium, local customs accounts and private archives. Custodial history Since 1922, when the Kammararkivet (the Chamber archives) merged with the Riksarkivet, this record group has been partly dispersed, resulting in the removal from the collection of certain volumes. The remaining volumes have, however, retained their old numbering. Related materials •

Private Archives in the Kammararkivet (Enskilda arkiv i Kammararkivet).

Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 4, Kammararkivet (Stockholm, 1995), pp. 162–164.

Leufsta Archives Record group Leufsta Archives Leufstaarkivet Reference code Period Extent

: SE/RA/720584 : 1500–1900 : 219 volumes

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Abstract These archives contain private and business papers concerning the De Geer family and the Leufsta ironworks, one of the most important Swedish manufactories (bruk) in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1627–1649 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, High German, Swedish

The following records belong to just some of the sections containing documents pertaining to trade and business contacts: DOCUMENTS ORIGINATING FROM LOUIS DE GEER •

•

15–41: Private and business correspondence between Swedes and foreigners, including many Dutchmen (such as Carl and Willem De Besche), 1627–1648. 42: Contracts with employees, mostly foreigners (Walloon smiths) seventeenth century.

DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE NYKÖPING WORKS AND NYKÖPING BRASS FACTORY • • • • •

64: Documents relating to the Norrköping shipyard and other businesses in Norrköping. 78: Documents concerning grain transactions with Russia, 1629–1649. 79–81: Documents concerning copper trade, 1616–1628. 82: Documents concerning the Dutch West India Company, shipbuilding in Västervik and the Africa Company. 111: Accounts of the Leufsta Bruk, 1632–1641.

In addition, there are also papers relating to the Leufsta Bruk and several other bruk manufactories elsewhere in these archives. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish).

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Record creator / provenance Founded in 1596, the Leufsta Bruk was acquired in 1641 by Louis De Geer, who made it the most important ironworks in Sweden during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Louis De Geer (1587–1652) was a Belgian-born merchant who since 1615 had been active in Holland and Amsterdam. Moving to Sweden in 1627, he leased several bruk manufactories, including Leufsta. He also took over the Crown small-arms factories in Sweden and became Director of the Crown copper trade. He was raised to the nobility in 1641. He also played an important role in the expansion of Sweden’s trade relations and colonial empire. Related materials •

De Geer Collection (De Geersamlingen, reference code: SE/RA/ 720221).

Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 8, Enskilda arkiv (Stockholm, 2006), pp. 660–670.

Livonica I Record group Livonica I Livonica I Reference code Period Extent

: SE/RA/2401 : 1299–1621 : 50 volumes, 3 metres

Abstract These materials comprise archival fragments relating to the Teutonic Order, documents from the Polish period in Livonia and records of the Dukes of Ösel and Courland. The bulk of the papers consists of the archives of Gotthard Kettler (d. 1587), the last Grand Master of the Livonian Order.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1518–1563 : Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Sweden : Latin, Low German

There are no series specically relating to trade and shipping, but the correspondence of the Grand Master (nos. 1–24, 1540–1561) may refer to trade. Among these are letters to both church and secular authorities, including towns such as Riga, Dorpat (Tartu), Goldingen, Reval (Tallinn), Lübeck, Hapsal, Cologne (Köln) and Wismar, and royal houses (like those of Sweden and Poland) as well as letters to private persons. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by J.A. Almquist (1908). Record creator / provenance The greater part of the papers (volumes 1–44, entitled Ordensmästarnes arkiv) derives from the last Grand Master of the Livonian Order, Gotthard Kettler (d. 1587). On becoming Duke of Courland in 1561, he probably took the archives with him, and presumably documents from monasteries dissolved after the Reformation were incorporated during his lifetime. The Grand Master’s archives also include, among other material, the papers of Duke Magnus of Ösel. Volumes 45–50 are of Livonian, Polish and Courlandish provenance and may also have been captured and brought to Sweden during the wars in the seventeenth century. Documents concerning Sweden’s diplomatic relations with the Livonian Order and Reval between 1523 and 1562 and with Riga between 1421 and 1621 used to be part of the Livonica collections nos. I and II, but have since been transferred to the “Diplomatica. Livonica” collection. Custodial history The bulk of these papers fell into Swedish hands when Swedish troops captured Mitau in 1621. The greater part of it was, however, returned to the Duke of Courland in 1686. In 1860 a number of parchment letters were given to the Estonian publisher Baron Robert von Toll of Kuckers, whose archives are now in the Estonian Historical Archives at Tartu. Some of the documents may also have been acquired as Swedish booty from Livonia in the seventeenth century. The parchment letters originally included in this record

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group have been transferred to the National Archives’ medieval collections, and materials captured during the Great Northern War (1700–1721) are now in the Extranea collection (reference code: SE/RA/2415). Part of the Grand Master’s correspondence (1515–1572) is now in the Uppsala University Library (reference no.: H 135). The bulk of the Teutonic Order’s archives is now kept by the Stiftung Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin-Dahlem. Related materials •

Livonica II (reference code: SE/RA/2402), containing documents from the Swedish period in the Baltic countries (from the 1560s onward). Diplomatic Papers. Papers Pertaining to Livonia (Diplomatica. Livonica, reference code: SE/RA/2111), containing documents concerning Sweden’s relations with Livonia in the period before Sweden took control of Livonia in the 1620s.

Publications • •

•

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt. Medeltiden, Kungl. Maj:ts kansli, Utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996). Schieche, E., “Tyska ordens arkiv, dess nuvarande öde och dess öppnande för vetenskaplig forskning”, in: Historisk Tidskrift (1950), pp. 285–297. Walde, O., Storhetstidens litterära krigsbyten. En kulturhistorisk-bibliogrask studie (Uppsala, 1916).

Livonica II Record group Livonica II Livonica II Reference code Period Extent

: SE/RA/2402 : 1252–1720 : 768 volumes

Abstract This record group contains documents from the years of Swedish rule in the Baltic countries (unlike Livonica I, which comprises documents antedating the Swedish period). The materials therefore mainly date from the years

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between 1561, when Reval (Tallinn) and several of the Estonian circles became Swedish, and 1721, when the Baltic provinces were lost to Russia. The collection chiey contains administrative documents, e.g. from governors, courts of law, consistory courts, towns and the University of Dorpat-Pernau, but it also includes papers deriving from individual persons. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1560–1710 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden : High German, Latin, Low German, Swedish

The records in Livonica II are arranged in six series. Documents relating to trade and shipping are to be found among correspondence and records of proceedings, chiey in series 1–2 and 5–6 Series 1: Letters from various sources Senders of letters in this series include the following: • • • • • • •

Governors of Estonia, 1562–1710 (volumes 1–20). Estonian towns, such as Reval (Tallinn), Hapsal, Wesenberg and Wiessenstein, 1560–1710 (volumes 41–54). Governors-General of Livonia, 1630–1702, Ingria, until 1642, and Governors of Riga, 1627–1709 (volumes 64–122). Governors of Ingria, 1642–1702, and Narva, 1590–1704 (volumes 170–196). Town of Narva, 1593–1701 (volumes 205–206). Towns of Ivangorod (Jaanilinn) and Nyen, 1620–1702 (volumes 207). Burgesses of Ivangorod and Nyen, 1584–1687 (volumes 210–211).

Series 2: Archives of Governors-General and ofcials • • •

Procedural records of the Governor-General of Estonia, 1649–1671 (volume 216). Letter books of the Governor-General of Estonia, 1646–1657, 1679–1711 (volumes 232–234c). Procedural records of the Governor-General of Livonia, 1696–1697 (volume 324).

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Draft documents and letter book of the Governor-General of Livonia, 1650–1702 (volumes 325–327). Customs authority reports on imports to Riga, 1700–1702 (volume 341). Letter books of the Governor of Riga, 1626–1636 (volumes 348–351). Letters received by the Governor of Ösel (Saaremaa), 1646–1693 (volume 359). Letters received by the Governor-General and Governor of Ingria (volume 360).

Series 3: Archives of the Livonian Upper Consistory Court (1633–1708) Series 4: Archives of Dorpat-Pernau University (1632–1710) Series 5: Commission documents and fragmentary archives of courts, towns, estate of nobles and private persons This series contains documents from several commissions dealing with various disputes, some of which concern trade and shipping: •

• • •

Commission concerning disputes between the Estonian nobility and the town of Reval (Tallinn) with regard to the grain trade, 1645, and other matters (volume 478). Commission concerning shipments of salt to northern Sweden and Finland, Russian transit trade and other matters, 1664–1665 (volume 484). Commission set up to investigate merchants’ complaints of arbitrary behaviour by customs ofcials, 1684–1686 (volume 497). Commission concerning the ship St. Johannes, stranded and looted on the coast of Wierland, 1696–1697 (volume 545).

Fragments of private archives and collections include the following: • •

Unknown merchant’s account book relating to trade transactions in Narva, Riga and elsewhere, 1570–1573 (volume 620). Account books of Hans Zimmerman, burgess of Riga, 1641–1693 (volumes 623–625).

Series 6: Documents ordered by subject Some of these volumes relate to trade:

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646: Concerning the customs administration in Sweden’s Baltic provinces, 1621–1700. 647: Concerning grain trade, 1628–1631. 648: Concerning Dutch customs exemption in Riga, 1684–1685. 649: Concerning Russian trade via Reval (Tallinn), Narva and Nyen, as well as the Riga harbour company, 1638–1653.

Accessibility The six series in Livonica II are described in six inventories (in Swedish): • • • • • •

“Livonica II: 1”, by A. Soom (1952), with register of correspondents. “Livonica II: 2”, by A. Soom (1951), with register of correspondents. “Livonica II: 3”, by T. Berg (1925), with register of correspondents and information about the cases. “Livonica II: 4”, by T. Berg (1922), with register of correspondents. “Livonica II: 5”, by A. Soom (1953), with register of correspondents. “Livonica II: 6”, by A. Soom (1953).

Custodial history In the seventeenth century, documents relating to Estonia, Livonia, Kexholm and Ingria, together with documents from the Courland duchies, were formed into a Livonica collection in the Royal Chancery (Kungl. Maj:ts kansli). The archives of Governor-General Erik Dahlberg and of local authorities evacuated during the Great Northern War (1700–1721) were added in the eighteenth century, although a large part of the latter archives were handed over to Russia in 1726. Since then the archives have been rearranged several times, with documents being both added and removed. Their present form dates from the inventory work undertaken between 1944 and 1953. The Livonica collection is divided into two collections: Livonica I for documents antedating Sweden’s assumption of power in the region, and Livonica II for the Swedish period itself. Previously the Livonica collection also included documents relating to Sweden’s diplomatic relations with the Livonian Order and the town of Reval (Tallinn) between 1523 and 1562 and with Riga between 1421 and 1461, but those documents now form part of the “Diplomatica. Livonica” collection. Visually attractive The collection includes several maps of, for example, Riga, Nyen and Narva from the seventeenth century.

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Related materials • •

Diplomatica. Livonica (reference code: SE/RA/2111). Livonica I (reference code: SE/RA/2401).

Publications •

•

•

• • •

Koit, J., “Om de estländska kamerala kopieböckerna från 1600-talets första hälft i svenska samlingar. Beskrivna i deras godspolitiska sammanhang”, in: Meddelande från svenska riksarkivet 1978–1979, pp. 103–128. Laidre, M., “Avlägsna provinser eller viktiga gränsområden? Estland och Livland inom stormaktstiden Sverige”, in: Mare nostrum. Om Westfaliska freden och Östersjön som ett svenskt maktcentrum (Stockholm, 1999), pp. 154–162. Perandi, A: Die Aufgaben und Funktionen der estländischen Generalgouvernementsregierung während der schwedischen zeit (Acta Archivi Centralis Estoniae, 3/4) (Tartu, 1936), pp. 12–110. Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden, Kungl. Maj:ts kansli, Utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 6, Särskilda bestånd och allmänna forskningshjälpmedel (Stockholm, 2003). Schirren, C., Vereichniss livländischer Geschichtes-Qellen in schwedischen Archiven und Bibliotheken, 2 Vols. (Tartu, 1861–1868).

Local Customs Accounts Record group Local Customs Accounts Lokala tullräkenskaper Reference code : SE/RA/51309 Period : 1533–1774 Extent : 310 volumes, 25 metres Abstract This collection consists of import and export rolls and various specic rolls concerning goods in Swedish towns, which were compiled by local town customs clerks. The collection also includes general accounts compiled by the Chamber in Stockholm. The customs accounts contain information on both foreign and domestic trade.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1533–1717 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

The local customs accounts are a pivotal source for the study of trade links and goods imported and exported by Sweden in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The records list ships entering and leaving Swedish ports, giving names of the ships and their skippers, numbers of persons on board, details on commodities (such as quantity and origin), and amounts to be paid in customs dues. The papers deal with ports in all countries around the Baltic Sea, the Netherlands and other countries. The collection is arranged according to towns. In addition to coastal and staple towns, there are also customs accounts for inland towns and towns on the Norwegian and Danish borders. The Stockholm local customs accounts begin in 1533/1534 and continue uninterrupted until 1622, after which they only remain for certain years between 1623 and 1774. For other Swedish towns, the records begin in the 1540s and 1550s, continuing until 1622, with a long intermission during the 1560s and 1570s, when all foreign trade was halted by the Nordic Seven Years’ War. Records are also lacking for the years between 1622 and 1635, when domestic and foreign customs were farmed out, and after 1635, rolls occasionally remain until about the 1690s. For the period between 1623 and 1891 practically all so-called Sea Toll accounts are to be found in the Central Customs Accounts (Centrala tullräkenskaper), 1623–1819 (see under “Related materials”). The main ports are listed below: • • • • • • • • • •

Stockholm, 1533–1622 and some years of the period 1623–1774 (foreign trade). Öregrund, 1554–1621. Nyköping, 1557–1621, 1650–1680. Trosa, 1659, 1680. Norrköping, 1547–1618. Söderköping, 1547–1615, 1652–1677. Västervik, 1553–1617, 1651–1677. Kalmar, 1538–1615, 1623–1693. Villages in the south of Sweden (provinces of Skåne, Blekinge and Halland), 1649–1717. Sound toll (Öresundstullen) 1652, 1663–1664, 1675.

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Gothenburg (Göteborg) and villages in the provinces of Bohuslän and Dalsland, 1613–1695. Arboga, 1605–1621, 1660–1661. Västerås, 1584, 1605–1618, 1649–1651, 1656, 1681. Gävle, 1543–1621, 1673–1675, 1677–1678. Hudiksvall, 1589–1619, 1680. Härnösand, 1592, 1604–20, 1637, 1649–1652, 1675, 1695. Villages in the province of Norrland, 1637–1695.

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by L.-O. Skoglund (1972). Record creator / provenance In Sweden, foreign trade became subject to a special duty on imports in 1536, while exports were dutiable from 1539 onwards. A special charge on imports of drinks was introduced in 1572. Customs charges uctuated heavily during the 1580s. Copies Volume 564: VII (town of Piteå in the Provinces of Norrland,1637–1695) is available on microlm (no. F035 31567). Related materials • • •

• • •

Central Customs Accounts (Centrala tullräkenskaper, reference code: SE/RA/55305). Customs and “Licenten” Accounts of the Baltic Provinces (Östersjöprovinsernas tull- och licenträkenskaper, reference code: SE/RA/55412). National Archives Collection: Customs Administration (Riksarkivets ämnessamlingar: Handlingar rörande tullväsendet, reference code: SE/ RA/757/41). Mayor and Council [of Stockholm] before 1636 (Borgmästere och råds arkiv före 1636, reference code: SE/SSA/0091a). Stockholm Weigh Books (Stockholms vågböcker, reference code: SE/ RA/55306). Warehouses and Trading (Varuhus och Handling, reference code: SE/ RA/51310).

Publications •

Brunius, J., Järnet från Örebro. Studier i stadens handel 1580–1610. I Vasatidens Örebro (Kumla, 1988), pp. 115–151.

national archives of sweden •

• • •

• • •

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Friberg, N., Stockholms bottniska farvatten. Stockholms bottniska handelsfält under senmedeltiden och Gustav Vasa: en historisk-geogrask studie (Monograer utgivna av Stockholms kommun, 53) (Stockholm, 1983). Linge, L., Gränshandel i svensk politik under äldre vasatid (Bibliotheca Historica Lundensis, 23) (Lund, 1969). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 4, Kammararkivet (Stockholm, 1995) pp. 109–110. Sandström, Å., Mellan Torneå och Amsterdam. En undersökning av Stockholms roll som förmedlare av varor i regional- och utrikeshandel 1600–1650 (Stockholmsmonograer utgivna av Stockholms stad, 102) (Stockholm, 1990). Smith, W., Äldre svenskt tullväsen. Uppsatser utgivna med anslag ur Längmanska kulturfonden (Stockholm, 1934). Smith, W., Studier i svensk tulladministration, Vols. 1–2. (Sölvesborg, 1950–1955). Wikberg, K., Alla dessa tullar—en arkivguide. Vägledning till tullarkiv och tullhandlingar i Riksarkivet (Stockholm, 2006).

Lower Court of Appeal and Supreme Court Record group Lower Court of Appeal and Supreme Court Nedre justitierevisionen och Högsta domstolen Reference code : SE/RA/1311 Period : c. 1600–1981 Extent : 4150 metres Abstract The records of the Lower Court of Appeal (Nedre justitierevisionen) comprise documents relating to its own activities and, from 1789 onwards, the activities of the Supreme Court (Högsta domstolen), i.e. the court of highest instance in Sweden and Finland to which decisions by inferior instances were appealed. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1621–1800 : Finland, Sweden, various countries : Swedish

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A minor part of the cases tried by the courts refer to foreign trade. These cases deal, for example, with seized goods, smuggling or other attempts to evade the payment of duty. There are a few cases involving foreign merchants. For the period 1700–1789, there are subject indexes, e.g. for Handel och sjöfart (trade and shipping) and tullmål (customs proceedings), while for other years cases are to be found by way of the daybooks (diarier). Important is also the series of council proceedings (rådsprotokoll) and registers in which decisions and judgements are recorded. With regard to the period until 1694, the council proceedings and registers from before 1688 are included in a separate section called the “Undivided Chancery” (Odelade kansliet), and thereafter in the records of the Lower Court of Appeal. The separate series of les contains various documents appended in order to reach judgements and decisions (such as correspondence from inferior courts and private persons). Accessibility As a complete inventory is unavailable, the main sources for tracing documents are the separate series of daybooks and the subject-classied card index catalogues of the les, spanning approximately the period 1665–1789. Record creator / provenance The Lower Court of appeal (Nedre justitierevisionen or Kungl. Maj:ts Nedre Justitierevision) came into being in the seventeenth century as a division of the Chancery of the Realm, tasked with preparing judicial matters for proceedings in the Council (Justitierevisionen). The Council (in a way comparable to a cabinet) was abolished in 1789 and superseded by the Supreme Court, but as matters were still prepared in the Lower Court, the records of the Supreme Court have been included in the archives of the Lower Court. Custodial history A few records were thrown away in the 1890s, while some parts were assigned to various other record groups at the National Archives. Related materials •

Undivided Chancery (Odelade kansliet, reference code SE/RA/111).

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Publications • •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden. Kungl. Majt:s kansli. Utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996). Svenska riksrådets protokoll 1621–1658 (Stockholm, 1878–), containing the council proceedings of the period 1621–1658.

“Mantal” Rolls Record group “Mantal” Rolls Mantalslängder Reference code Period Extent

: SE/RA/55203 : 1642–1820 : 2961 volumes

Abstract The mantal rolls are taxation rolls, revenue vouchers for “mantal money”, i.e. poll tax. They contain particulars on the entire taxable population in the area of present-day Sweden. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1642–1820 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

The mantal roles are pivotal sources for personal and family history, listing the entire taxable population. Therefore, they do not cover children under 12 years old for the period 1627–1652, or people below 15 or above 63 years old for the period 1652–1841. Tax-exempt groups are also listed (e.g. seafarers, who were exempted from tax throughout the eighteenth century). The materials give both personal data and professions, which makes the mantal rolls suitable for studies of migration and occupational categories. The information is structured by county, bailiwick and parish, and in the case of towns by precinct. The rolls cover the whole of Sweden except Stockholm (the Stockholm mantal rolls are kept in the Stockholm City Archives).

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Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by H. Wichman (1975). Copies The mantal rolls were compiled in triplicate, one copy being deposited in the town archives and another in the archives of the County Administrative Board. Those copies are now kept in the provincial archives (landsarkiv). One copy, usually the most complete one, is included in the record group described here. The mantal rolls for the period between 1642–1820 have been microlmed and scanned and are available online. Related materials •

Provincial Documents and County Accounting Records (Landskapshandlingar och länsräkenskaper, reference codes: SE/RA/5121– and SE/RA/55210–).

Publications •

• •

Lext, G., Mantalsskrivningen i Sverige före 1860 (Meddelande från ekonomisk-historiska institutionen vid Göteborgs universitet, 13) (Göteborg, 1968). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 4, Kammararkivet (Stockholm, 1995). Wichman, H., “Mantalslängderna i kammararkivet. Folkbokföringen genom 350 år”, in: Släkt och hävd (1978), pp. 144–156.

Mines Authority Record group Mines Authority Bergskollegium Reference code Period Extent

: SE/RA/420013 : 1619–1884 : 3489 volumes, 341 metres

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Abstract The record group mainly comprises records deriving from the Swedish mining and iron industries. It includes, for instance, correspondence, accounts and descriptions of factories and mines. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1600–1855 : Finland, Russia, Sweden, various countries : Swedish

Records concerning foreign iron trade are rst and foremost to be found in the following series and volumes. HUVUDARKIVET (MAIN ARCHIVES) •

•

•

Series D 4:1–44: Main ledgers of the Swedish iron works, with specications from the iron scales in the staple towns on the quantity of exported iron products from each factory, 1755–1855. Vol. D 6:8: Reports about the Russian iron trade and export from St. Petersburg, with information about the quantity of iron products and foreign traders from various countries, 1731–1734. Vol. D 6:14: Including eighteenth-century copies of records (for example charters and laws) mainly dating from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries concerning mine owners and factory and town trading certicates.

OORDNADE HANDLINGAR (UNARRANGED RECORDS) •

Vol. 10: Tables of exports of iron products from Sweden and Finland, 1762–1769.

Accessibility An inventory (in Swedish) by Karin Wikberg Lindroth will become available in 2007. Record creator / provenance The Mines Authority (Bergskollegium) was founded in 1630 as an independent public authority. It was dissolved in 1857 when its task of supervising Swedish iron-making was taken over by the National Board

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of Trade (Kommerskollegium). The Mines Authority co-operated with the Ironmasters’ Association (Jernkontoret) in many undertakings to support and improve Swedish iron-making, e.g. through the creation of the ofce of chief ironmaster and the funding of travelling to study iron-making in other countries. Visually attractive The records include drawings and maps of mines and factories in Sweden and occasionally in other countries. Related materials • • •

Ironmasters’ Association (Jernkontoret, reference code: SE/RA/ 420114). Judicial Board for Public Lands and Funds. Collection of Records about Mining (Kammarkollegiet. Bergsbruk, reference code: SE/RA/522/02). National Archives Collections. Mining (Riksarkivets ämnessamling. Bergverken, reference code: SE/RA/757/05).

Publications • •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 5, Centrala myndigheter (Stockholm, 1999). Åberg, K.G., Tusen svenska hamrar och järnbruk, anlagda omkring 1540–1870, samt hundra bergsmanshamrar och femtio hamrar och bruk i Finland (Mellerud, 1995).

Momma-Reenstierna Collection Record group Momma-Reenstierna Collection Momma-Reenstiernasamlingen Reference code : SE/RA/720631 Period : 1647–1703 Extent : 282 volumes, 19 metres Abstract This collection consists of the papers of the brothers Abraham and Jakob Momma-Reenstierna, who migrated to Sweden from the Dutch Republic

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in the 1640s and built up a considerable manufacturing, mining and shipbuilding business. The collection contains business correspondence and accounts from the brothers’ various business operations between the 1640s and 1690s. It also includes separate archives from Abel Reenstierna, mostly consisting of correspondence. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1647–1690 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, High German, Low German, Swedish

Large sections of this collection are relevant, as they contain information regarding the brothers’ business activities. The following volumes are of particular relevance, containing mostly business papers: • • •

•

•

•

• • • •

E 2470: Business journals of Abraham Momma-Reenstierna, 1640s– 1680s. E 2471: Business notes of Abraham Momma-Reenstierna, 1640s– 1680s. E 2473–2483: Copybooks and correspondence of Jakob and Abraham Momma-Reenstierna concerning factories (bruk), mines and other businesses. E 2492–2497: Incoming letters to Abraham Momma-Reenstierna, for example from business contacts in Sweden, the Dutch Republic and Germany, with an index of correspondents. E 2498–2530: Incoming letters to Jakob Momma-Reenstierna, for instance from business contacts in Sweden, the Netherlands and Germany, with an index of correspondents. E 2532–2536: Business documents relating to the bruk factories in Västmanland (Färna, Norn, Bastmora, Finnbo, Flena, Gunnilbo Hammare and Melings Bruk). E 2537–2543: Business documents relating to the bruk factories in Lapland (such as Svappavaara). E 2544: Documents concerning shipbuilding in Gotland and Jakobstad, with information regarding individual ships, 1640s–1660s. E 2547–2567: Documents concerning the leasing of Queen Christina’s revenues from Gotland and Saaremaa (Ösel), 1667–1680s. E 2567: Documents relating to the Norrköping Brass Factory.

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E 2572: Documents regarding business dealings with trading companies. E 2573: Documents concerning business dealings with Västerviks Skeppskompani, 1666. E 2576–2608: Documents regarding business dealings and legal disputes with individuals, both from Sweden and abroad, with an index of correspondents, 1650s–1670s. E 2627–2688: Business journals, 1644–1680s.

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by P. Sondén (1911). Record creator / provenance Abraham Momma (d. 1690) came to Sweden (Nyköping) from the Dutch Republic in 1648 and eventually took over the Färna and Norn bruk properties in Västmanland, followed later on by several other Västmanland bruk. During the 1650s he built up a large mining business in Lapland (including, for example, the Svappavaara copper mine) together with his brother Jakob Momma (d. 1678). Jakob Momma had set up as a merchant in Stockholm in 1647 and ran a wholesale business that was probably the largest of its kind in Sweden. In 1666 he acquired the Norrköping Brass Factory. In 1667 he took out a lease on Queen Christina’s appanages of Gotland and Saaremaa (Ösel), establishing among other things a shipyard at Slite on the island of Gotland (with Dutch shipwrights) and various business operations on Ösel. Both brothers were ennobled under the name of Reenstierna in 1669. They were badly hit, however, by the Franco-Dutch war in the 1670s. The Västmanland manufactories were sold off, and after Jakob Momma had died in 1678, the Lapland mines fell into decay. The Gotland shipyard was lost when the Danes captured the island in 1676. Related materials •

Private Archives in Kammararkivet. Momma-Reenstierna (reference code: SE/RA/54317).

Publications • •

Müller, L., The merchant house of Stockholm c. 1640–1800 (1998). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 8, Enskilda arkiv (Stockholm, 2006), pp. 762–766.

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National Archives Collection. Customs Administration Record group National Archives Collection. Customs Administration Riksarkivets ämnessamlingar. Tullväsen Reference code : SE/RA/757/41 Period : 1614–1855 Extent : 48 volumes, 3.5 metres Abstract This collection contains documents of various kinds relating to the Swedish customs administration: correspondence with the King in Council (e.g. from customs ofcials), resolutions and memoranda, customs tariffs, documents about customs ofcials, and nancial accounts of tolls on both domestic and foreign trade. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1618–1855 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Danish, Dutch, French, High German, Swedish

The following volumes and documents are particularly relevant to Baltic trade: • •

•

•

3: Papers containing particulars about customs duties on Swedish imports and exports. 20: Documents relating to the Great Sea Toll, i.e. the toll on foreign goods, such as correspondence and memoranda (seventeenth to nineteenth centuries) and lists of goods subject to import or export prohibitions or special customs charges in 1757. 22: Documents concerning the Sound toll, e.g. particulars on Swedish and foreign ships passing through the Sound, with information concerning cargoes, destinations and home ports, 1640s–1660s (some documents in Dutch, most in Swedish). 22: Papers including a transcript of Christian IV’s tariff for the Sound toll in 1643 and 1645 (in Danish, German and French).

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•

29: Calculations of the Great Sea Toll and documents concerning Sweden’s export and import during the period 1618–1855 (with gaps, mostly seventeenth and nineteenth centuries), including calculations of customs revenues from Swedish and Finnish towns (and also some particulars on revenues from the Swedish Baltic provinces) and information concerning imports and exports and revenues from various towns and countries, both in the Baltic and elsewhere. • 38–51: Accounts concerning the Great Sea Toll, 1653–1686, and vouchers (in Swedish or German) giving particulars on skippers, home ports and goods cleared through customs. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by P. Sondén (1913); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Register of letters to the King in Council (vols. 9–11 in the collection), by M. Posse (1932). Record creator / provenance Before the principle of provenance was introduced (in the beginning of the twentieth century), the idea behind the arrangement of many archival records was that materials of the same type were to be combined to form uniform collections. The Customs Administration Collection is an example of that. The records chiey originate from the Customs Board directorates (Generaltullarrendesocieteten, etc., see under “Related materials”). Related materials •

Earlier Central Customs Archives. General Customs Leasehold Society, etc. (Äldre centrala tullarkiv. Generaltullarrendesocieteten m , reference code: SE/RA/4110/4110.01).

Publications • • •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden. Kungl. Maj:ts kansli. Utrikesförvaltingen (Stockholm, 1996). Tullverket 1636–1986: en Jubileumsbok (Falköping, 1986). Wikberg, K., Alla dessa tullarkiv—en arkivguide. Vägledning till tullarkiv och tullhandlingar i Riksarkivet (Stockholm, 2006).

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National Archives Collection. Industry Record group National Archives Collection. Industry Riksarkivets ämnessamlingar. Industri Reference code : SE/RA/757/18 Period : c. 1500–1800 Extent : 30 volumes, 1.5 metres Abstract The collection contains various kinds of documents concerning industry, craftsmen and guilds, relating for example to the manufacturing of salt, silk and gunpowder as well as to small-arms factories, foundries, breweries and weaving (textile) mills. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1700–1800 : Finland, Sweden : Swedish

The collection includes some letters to the King in Council related to shipbuilding. Volume 26 contains a few letters about shipping and shipbuilding. Volume 29 includes a few letters about sailcloth factories. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by A. Löfgren (1938); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Custodial history Before the principle of provenance was introduced (in the beginning of the twentieth century), the idea behind the arrangement of many archival records was that materials of the same type were to be combined to form uniform collections. The Industry Collection is an example of that. As a consequence, the records in the collection derive for example from the archives of government ofces, courts and private people.

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Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden. Kungl. Maj:ts kansli. Utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996).

National Archives Collection. Mining Record group National Archives Collection. Mining Riksarkivets ämnessamlingar. Bergverken Reference code : SE/RA/757/05 Period : 1500–1800 Extent : 56 volumes, 5 metres Abstract The collection comprises various records about the Swedish mining industry. It is geographically arranged (on mining districts), except for volumes 44–56 that include records about mining in general. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1500–1800 : Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands : Swedish

The collection does not include records directly related to the Baltic Sea trade. Since mining products were among the most important Swedish export products from the Middle Ages onward, however, the collection provides valuable information about, for example, which mines and works these products originated from. Mining products included iron, silver, brass, copper, gold, marble, porphyry, glassworks and gunpowder. For the various mines and works, there are letters, memorandums and often accounts with lists of their products and their quantity. There are also records about the workers and the ironmasters, many of them originating from foreign countries such as Germany and the Netherlands. Accessibility Inventory, “Bergverken” (in Swedish), by E. Grill (1959); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se (reference code: SE/RA/757/05).

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Custodial history Before the principle of provenance was introduced (in the beginning of the twentieth century), the idea behind the arrangement of many archival records was that materials of the same type were to be combined to form uniform collections. The Mining Collection is an example of that. Therefore, the records in this collection originate from, for example, the archives of government ofces and courts as well as private archives. Related materials • • •

Mines Authority (Bergskollegium, reference code: SE/RA/420013). Ironmasters’ Association (Jernkontoret, reference code: SE/RA/ 420114). Judicial Board for Public Lands and Funds. Collection of Records about Mining (Kammarkollegiet. Bergsbruk, reference code: SE/RA/522/02).

National Archives Collection. Passport System Record group National Archives Collection. Passport System Riksarkivets ämnessamlingar. Passväsen Reference code : SE/RA/757/29 Period : 1666–1809 Extent : 9 volumes Abstract The collection contains correspondence of the King in council regarding passports, applications for passports and lists of travellers calling at Swedish harbours. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1693–1695 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Poland, Sweden : Swedish

Volumes 2–3 contain information about travellers passing the harbours in Scania (Skåne, the southernmost part of Sweden), such as Malmö, Ystad, Landskrona and Helsingborg, 1693–1695. Mentioned are the names of

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travellers (and skippers), their hometowns and their titles and professions. There is also information about the destinations of vessels or their ports of origin, like Stralsund, Lübeck, Reval (Tallinn), Copenhagen and Helsingör. Volume 2 also includes a document about a vessel with passengers sailing from Gdansk to Gävle (200 kilometres north of Stockholm), 1693. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), “Smärre ämnesserier”, by H. Appelgren (1955); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Custodial history Before the principle of provenance was introduced (in the beginning of the twentieth century), the idea behind the arrangement of many archival records was that materials of the same type were to be combined to form uniform collections. The Passport System Collection is an example of that. As a consequence, the records in the collection derive for example from the archives of government ofces, courts and private people. Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden. Kungl. Maj:ts kansli. Utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996).

National Archives Collection. Pilots and Lighthouses Record group National Archives Collection. Pilots and Lighthouses Riksarkivets ämnessamlingar. Lots- och fyrväsendet Reference code : SE/RA/757/23 Period : 1614–1840 Extent : 5 volumes Abstract The collection chiey consists of letters to the King in council that concern pilots and lighthouses.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1614–1813 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Sweden : High German, Swedish

All ve volumes are relevant: •

•

•

• •

1: Documents dealing with the lighthouses at Kullen, Falsterbo and Nidingen, and Paternoster, as well as a memorandum (in German) about the pilots and lighthouses in Sweden and Finland, dating from 1649. 2: Documents about the pilotage service in the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Bothnia, 1726, 1737, a journal on pilot and beacon duties at the islands of Strupö and Kråkelund (near the town of Kalmar), 1767, and a collection of statutes concerning pilot and lighthouses, 1710–1786. 3: Report about beacon duties, for example dealing with lightships at Helsingör, Bornholm and Christiansö (Denmark), 1783, and documents concerning the income from beacon duties in towns and ports in Sweden and Finland from both Swedish and foreign vessels, 1781 (among other records). 4: Records about the lighthouse at Landsort (near Stockholm), 1669– 1761. 5: Records about the lighthouses in Scania (Skåne, in the south of Sweden) and at the island of Öland, including for example contracts on the maintenance of the lighthouses, 1647–1813.

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by P.-G. Ottosson (1992); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Custodial history Before the principle of provenance was introduced (in the beginning of the twentieth century), the idea behind the arrangement of many archival records was that materials of the same type were to be combined to form uniform collections. The Pilots and Lighthouses Collection is an example of that. As a consequence, the records in the collection derive for example from the archives of government ofces, courts and private people.

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Visually attractive The collection includes a map of the Gulf of Riga (kept separately), indicating the lighthouses on the southern part of Ösel (Saaremaa) and northern part of Courland, undated. Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden. Kungl. Maj:ts kansli. Utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996).

National Archives Collection. Seizures Record group National Archives Collection. Seizures Riksarkivets ämnessamlingar. Uppbringningar Reference code : SE/RA/757/42 Period : 1600c–1825 Extent : 27 volumes, 2 metres Abstract This collection consists of documents, arranged chronologically, relating to Swedish privateers in general and Swedish ship seizures in particular. There are letters from skippers and commanders of Swedish privateer vessels as well as applications and complaints from the owners of foreign ships seized and other interested parties. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1500–1825 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, French, High German, Latin, Swedish

The les contain information on the privateer system and on the ships seized, with particulars about the skipper’s name, ship type and cargo. The documents are mostly in Swedish, but incoming letters from the representatives of the seized ships seized may be in German, French, Latin and Dutch.

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Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by G. Cliff (1952), including a specic register of the les from the period 1700–1720; also available online (without the register) at: www.nad.ra.se. Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden. Kungl. Majt:s kansli. Utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996).

National Archives Collection. Trade and Shipping Record group National Archives Collection. Trade and Shipping Riksarkivets ämnessamlingar. Handel och sjöfart Reference code : SE/RA/757/16 Period : 1500–1800 Extent : 175 volumes, 12 metres Abstract This collection consists of records concerning both national and foreign Swedish trade. The main part of the records deals with trading companies and Swedish business contacts and colonies in Africa, Asia and North America, but there are also documents about trade and shipping in Europe including the Baltic Sea. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1500–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, English, French, High German, Latin, Low German, Swedish

The collection is divided into three main series. Of interest for the Baltic Sea trade are especially series A (“trade and shipping”) and some volumes in series B (“trading companies”). Series C holds records about the Swedish colonies. Most of the records are in Swedish or German, some documents

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are in French or Dutch (especially in volumes regarding the Netherlands). In addition, there are a few records in Latin, English and Russian. TRADE AND SHIPPING In series A, volumes 1–8 deal with various kinds of trade, within Sweden and abroad. The volumes contain all kinds of documents, such as letters, memorandums, contracts and account lists of, for example, prices and types of products, names of companies and business men, and in some cases give information about skippers, vessels and their destinations. The volumes deal with the following kinds of trade: • • • • • •

1: Iron trade, 1500–1800. 2–3: Copper trade in general, 1582–1815. 4: Copper trade with the Netherlands, 1616–1635. 5: Salt trade, 1500–1800. 6: Corn trade 1620–1850. 7–8: General goods trade 1627–1770.

Volumes 9–21 hold information about trade with European countries, Asia and North America and contain documents similar to those in volumes 1–8: • •

• •

10: Trade with the Netherlands, 1544–1788. 15–20: Trade with Russia, 1500–1800, including for example in vol. 16 records about skippers, their vessels and cargoes, destinations and tariffs, eighteenth century. 21: Trade with Germany, 1608–1812. 22–41: Trade in general (no specic countries or products). Including for example: * 24: Statistical information about Swedish export and import based on customs records from the customs houses in Sweden and Finland with notes about commodities and customs, 1637–1652. * 26: Concerning convoys (escort) of vessels, 1692–1799. * 31: Concerning rights of foreign businessmen, seventeenth century. * 34: Concerning rights of seamen, 1607–1814, and records (memorandums, letters) about Swedish sailors’ houses, 1755–1831.

TRADING COMPANIES Most of the trading companies mentioned in series B (such as the African, East Indian, West Indian and Tobacco companies) were trading with countries outside Europe, but one of them was operating in the Baltic Sea: the

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Tar trade company, later on the Tar trade society. The volumes in question, nos. 63–65, cover the years 1648–1715 and contain records from and about the companies: charters, letters (for example from businessmen and staple towns) and accounts (especially in volume 63, with information about vessels, destinations and customs for tar and pitch for the years 1662–1670). Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance The Tar trade company (Tjärhandelskompanierna or Tjärukompanier) held a monopoly from 1648 to 1715 on the Swedish export of tar and pitch from the northern parts of the country (north of Stockholm, including Finland) and Nyen (a small Swedish town close to St. Petersburg), and under the name of the Tar trade society (Tjärhandelssocieteten) also for the southern part of Sweden from 1689 to 1715. This monopoly meant that staple towns lost the important trade in tar and pitch as a result of which the products were sold by the company from only a few cities. Custodial history Before the principle of provenance was introduced (in the beginning of the twentieth century), the idea behind the arrangement of many archival records was that materials of the same type were to be combined to form uniform collections. The “Trade and Shipping Collection” is an example of that. Therefore, the records in this collection originate for example from the archives of government ofces, courts and trade companies as well as from private archives. Related materials •

The Judicial Board for Public Lands and Funds. Trade and Shipping (Kammarkollegiet. Handel och sjöfart, reference code: SE/RA/522/09).

Publications • • • •

Berg, S., Svenska riksarkivet 1618–1637 (Stockholm, 1916). Berg, S., Svenska riksarkivet 1837–1846 (Stockholm, 1927). Hallberg, A., Tjärexport och tjärhandelskompanier under stormaktstiden (Helsinki, 1960). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden, Kungl. Majt:s kansli, utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996).

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National Board of Trade Record group National Board of Trade Kommerskollegium Reference code : SE/RA/420132 Period : 1651–1973 Extent : 8894 volumes, 710 metres Abstract This record group is divided into the main archives (Huvudarkivet) and several other archives of various administrative authorities (byråarkiv/kontorsarkiv). Many of these authorities, most of them established in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, were concerned with the compilation of trade statistics. Most of the earlier documents are part of the Huvudarkivet (which makes up the largest part of the record group as a whole) and the archives of the Advokatskalskontoret, Kammarkontoret and Manufakturdiskontoret. Here, documents are to be found that refer to all kinds of trade, as well as documents dealing with shipping and exports, such as correspondence, reports (statistics concerning factories, artisans and various commodities) and records of legal proceedings. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1651–1846 : Finland, Sweden, various countries : Swedish

As the Kommerskollegium (National Board of Trade) was established to promote trade, shipping and manufacturing, documents on these subjects are to be found in all sections of the archives. Below are some of the series that deal chiey with shipping and import and export. HUVUDARKIVET (MAIN ARCHIVES) The following series mainly concern shipping passes and letters of exemption: • •

B IIa: Drafts of letters of safe conduct, etc., 1652–1891. B IIb: Drafts of shipping passes, 1665–1712.

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C IIb: Books of letters of safe conduct, 1739–1831. F IIa: Documents concerning shipping passes, 1800–1831. C IIc: Letter books of letters of exemption, 1758–1831. F IIb: Letters of exemption, 1768, 1775–1831. E IIIa: Documents received, 1651–1711. E IIIb: Afdavits for letters of safe conduct, 1666–1712. E IIIc: Afdavits for letters of exemption from staple towns, 1687– 1710.

The Kommerskollegium (or the governors of the Swedish provinces) issued shipping passes of safe conduct and letters of exemption on the basis of documentation from staple towns. These guaranteed a vessel’s Swedish nationality. Letters of safe conduct were needed for trafc to the Barbary States, otherwise ships risked seizure. Letters of exemption guaranteed certain benets and rights, for instance regarding customs dues. Both types of document contain particulars on shipowners, skippers, ship types and home ports. Series F IV consists of documents concerning industries in Finland from the eighteenth century and includes the following volumes: •

• • • • • • •

1: Papers concerning manufacturing and the import and export of commodities at Turku/Åbo, Nystad/Uusikaupunki and towns in the county of Björneborg/Pori, mainly 1770s–1780s. 2–6: Papers concerning trade and manufacturing in various parts of Sweden (reports from provincial governors and others), 1773. 8–13: Papers concerning foreign (e.g. Russian) trade and industry, 1723–1872. 20, 21: Papers concerning the balance of trade, 1761–1790. 22: Papers concerning sugar, 1748, and grain trade, 1750–1765. 32: Papers concerning seafarers’ housing, 1774–1824. 33: Papers concerning navigation lights, 1747–1763. 35, 36: Papers concerning the region of Västerbotten (in the north of Sweden), shipping of agrarian products, 1768–1773, stock exchange, 1769, and gunpowder trade, 1769–1770.

In addition, series F Vb contains two volumes with reports on the convoying of Swedish merchantmen, dating from 1759–1763, and volume F VIIIg:2 concerns customs tariffs on foreign goods, dating from 1667, 1740, 1743, 1748, 1759.

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ADVOKATFISKALEN Series C includes annual reports on the salt trade, 1757–1876 (13 volumes), imports of sugar and tobacco, 1765–1824 (3 volumes), Swedish manufactured goods, 1766–1825 (16 volumes), and travel passports, 1761–1826 (10 volumes). Series D comprises Renovationer av protokoll, i.e. copies of records of proceedings in cases relating to domestic and foreign trade, administered in local courts of Swedish and Finnish towns, dating from c. 1740–1846 (1142 volumes). These records are arranged alphabetically and on town. The local courts that would try cases related to foreign trade are the Rådhusrätter, Hallrätter and Sjötullrätter. The Rådhusrätten was the court of rst instance for common causes in towns and as such would try, for example, disputes between merchants. Until 1846, every town with a manufacturing industry had to have a Hallrätt (hall- och manufakturrätt), which among other matters dealt with matters concerning permits for and supervision of factories or manufacturing industries and their products. Consequently, in the records of these courts, one may nd documents relating to factories and industries in towns. The Sjötullrätterna (sea toll courts), which existed in the staple towns until 1831, tried cases concerning breaches of the toll statute. These records, accordingly, include documents relating to smuggling cases. KAMMARKONTORET Series D consists of the comprehensive series of annual reports on trade, industry and manufacturing in Sweden (and, until 1809, in Finland as well). These reports are among the most important statistical sources for trade and industry in Sweden in the mid-eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. They include among other things: • •

• • •

Annual reports on factories in Sweden (Årsberättelser om fabriker i Sverige), 1740–1846 (134 volumes). Annual reports on artisans and merchants, containing for example particulars on artisans and merchants in Swedish ports, 1750–1890 (158 volumes). Particulars on foreign trade arranged per country, 1738–1789 (51 volumes). Particulars on foreign trade arranged per commodity, 1738–1812 (13 volumes). Particulars on foreign shipping, 1769–1816 (3 volumes).

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Series H comprises the Stockholms hall- och manufakturrätts originalräkenskaper (original accounts), dating from 1739–1768 (27 volumes), the contents of which include particulars on Stockholm merchants. Accessibility Inventory of the main archives (Huvudarkivet), by L. Hallberg (1999), also available online at: www.nad.ra.se; inventories of the Advokatskal ofce and Kammarkontoret, by H. Rosman (1907) (all three inventories in Swedish). Record creator / provenance The Kommerskollegium (the Swedish Board of Trade) was founded in 1651 to promote trade, shipping and manufacturing. In 1654, the responsibility for customs matters was transferred from the Kammarkollegium (Judicial Board for Public Lands and Funds) to the Kommerskollegium too, but it was reverted to the Kammarkollegium again in 1676. From 1666 onward, appeals against decisions in maritime cases could be lodged with the Kommerskollegium, but this appeal jurisdiction was transferred in 1679 to the Svea Court of Appeal. The Kommerskollegium was abolished in 1681 but re-established in 1711. During the interim period, commercial matters were handled by the Kammarkollegium. Between 1770 and 1828, certain decisions by local town courts on matters of trade and shipping could be appealed against at the Kommerskollegium. Custodial history The archives were heavily weeded in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, for instance with regard to incoming documents, letters of safe conduct and letters of exemption. Parts of the archives relating to Finland were transferred here in the nineteenth century. Copies The annual reports (Kammarkontoret, series D) have been microlmed. Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 5, Centrala myndigheter (Stockholm, 1999).

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Novgorod Occupation Archives Record group Novgorod Occupation Archives Ockupationsarkivet från Novgorod Reference code : SE/RA/2403 Period : 1500–1710 Extent : 168 items, 8 metres Abstract These archives consist of the administration of the province and town of Novgorod under Swedish occupation from 1611 to 1621. It contains supplications with investigation reports and decisions, accounts and administrative documents relating to customs and taxation revenue, property documents and records concerning the levying of foodstuffs for the Swedish troops. The documents are in dialectal Russian mixed with literary Church Slavonic. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1610–1616 : Russia, Sweden : Russian

Three items are relevant with regard to trade in general and Baltic Sea trade in particular (all from series 1): •

•

•

114: Customs book from Novgorod, chiey covering the period from 1 September 1610 to 1 September 1611, providing information on goods bought by the citizens of Novgorod and goods brought to Novgorod by merchants from elsewhere, such as skins, sh, salt and craftmen’s products, which were sometimes transported to other towns, also including lists of foreign merchants. 121: Customs book concerning Swedish and Russian merchants travelling from Nevskoe Ust’e to Oresek (Nöteborg) and to Novgorod and back, including information regarding Swedish ships and their cargo, prices of goods and duties levied, 1615–1616. 137: Customs book, containing information concerning duties paid by merchants from, for example, Novgorod, Ivangorod and Tichvin, on goods such as sh, butter, grain and cattle, 1613–1614.

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The collection also includes records concerning the levying of customs in Nyen, dating from 1614. Accessibility Inventories, by S. Dimitrievski (1955–1961), and E. Löfstrand and L. Nordquist, Accounts of an Occupied City. Catalogue of the Novgorod Occupation Archives 1611–1617 (Stockholm, 2005). Record creator / provenance The province and town of Novgorod were occupied by Sweden in 1611. An occupation administration was set up with a native governor who functioned beside the Swedish military commanders. The province was for the most part evacuated in 1617, except for a small area that was retained until the Swedish nally withdrew completely in 1621. Visually attractive Some of the documents are beautifully written. Copies The entire collection is available on microlm. Publications •

• •

Birnbaum, H., “Novgorodiana Stockholmiensia. Zur bedeutung und Geschichte der Novgoroder Akten des Stockholmer Reichsarchives”, in: Scando-Slavica, X (1964), pp. 54–173. Löfstrand, E., and L. Nordquist, Accounts of an Occupied City. Catalogue of the Novgorod Occupation Archives 1611–1617 (Stockholm, 2005). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden. Kungl. Maj:ts kansli, Utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996), pp. 625–628.

Oxenstierna Collection Record group Oxenstierna Collection Oxenstiernasamlingen

2180 Reference code Period Extent

sweden : SE/RA/72071 : 1442–1770 : 1700 volumes

Abstract This collection consists of the papers of Chancellor of the Realm Axel Oxenstierna (1583–1654) and his sons, President Johan (1611–1657) and Chancellor of the Realm Erik (1624–1656), as well as their descendants. A large part of the collection consists of correspondence, but it also includes estate papers from lands in Sweden, Finland, Livonia, Ingria and Germany. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1620–1654 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Low German, Swedish

Several series connected with Axel Oxenstierna may include information concerning trade, shipping and international contacts: •

• • • • •

•

B I E 555–761: Letters received from princes, ofcers of state and private persons (including merchants), both from Sweden and abroad, arranged alphabetically and including an index of correspondents. B II A, E 771–777: Letters from ofcial corporations in Sweden (at that time also including Finland and parts of the Baltic States). B II B, E 778–782: Letters from foreign authorities, for example in Brandenburg, Mecklenburg and the Dutch Republic. B III A, E 784–786: Letters from towns and other communities in Sweden and Finland. B III B, E 787: Letters from towns and localities in Sweden’s Baltic provinces, such as Riga, Pernau, Narva, Ivangorod and Wenden. B III C, E 790–793: Letters from towns and communities in Germany, Prussia, Courland, the Netherlands and Switzerland, such as Amsterdam, Bremen, Szczecin (Stettin) and Stralsund. C: Documents relating to Axel Oxenstierna’s activities, for example concerning Swedish trade (E 799) and customs and licenten dues (E 801).

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Accessibility Inventories (in Swedish); also available online at www.nad.ra.se. See also the website of the Oxenstierna projekt: www.ra.se/ra/Oxenstierna/oxenstierna1.html. Custodial history The main part of this collection was acquired by the Swedish National Archives from the Tidö estate in 1848. Visually attractive The collection contains atlasses and maps, which include drawings of fortications in Germany and Livonia. Related materials •

Tidö Archives (Tidöarkivet, reference code: SE/RA/720859).

Publications •

Backhaus, H., “Axel Oxenstierna und seine pommerschen Korrespondenten”, in: H. Rischer and M. Schoebel (eds.), Verfassung und Verwaltung Pommerns in der Neuzeit: Vorträge des 19. Demminer Kolloquiums zum 75. Geburtstag von Joachim Wächter am 12. Mai 2001 (Bremen, 2004). • Backhaus, H., “Presentation of the Oxenstierna project. De svenska historiedagarna, Tartu 27–29 september 2002”, in: Aktuellt om historia, 1 (2003), pp. 8–9. • Dunsdorfs, E., The Livonian estates of Axel Oxenstierna (Stockholm, 1981). • Holm, N.F., and I. Carlsson, Enskilda arkiv i riksarkivet (Stockholm, 1975), p. 47. • Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 6, Särskilda bestånd och allmänna forskningshjälpmedel (Stockholm, 2003), p. 113. • Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 8, Enskilda arkiv, Person- släkt- och gårdsarkiv (Stockholm, 2006), pp. 859–869. • Rikskansleren Axel Oxenstiernas skrifter och brevväxling (Stockholm, 1888–1977), 28 volumes; parts of Axel Oxenstierna’s correspondence are also available on the website of the Oxenstierna projekt: www. ra.se/ra/Oxenstierna/oxenstierna1.html. • Sondén, P., “Rikskanslern Axel Oxenstiernas brefväxling”, in: Meddelande från svenska riksarkivet, Ny följd 2.2 (Stockholm, 1907). • Wetterberg, G., Axel Oxenstierna i sin tid, 2 Vols. (Stockholm 2002).

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Pommeranica Record group Pommeranica Pommeranica Reference code Period Extent

: SE/RA/2404 : 1338–1820 : 547 volumes

Abstract This record group mostly contains documents dating from the period of Swedish rule in Pomerania, from 1628 to 1814. These are chiey papers sent to the Royal Chancery in Stockholm from Pomerania (principally by the Pomeranian government, court of appeal, consistory court, University of Greifswald and a number of Pomeranian towns) and archives of commissions relating to Pomerania. There are also a few archival fragments deriving from local Pomeranian authorities before the Swedish period, as well as documents of the Pomeranian Diet for the period between 1338 and 1613. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1500–1816 : Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden : High German, Low German, Swedish

There are few series exclusively dealing with trade and shipping, but information on Baltic trade can be gleaned from the volumes listed below: • • •

•

1–127: Letters from the Pomeranian government to the Royal Chancery in Stockholm, 1645–1815. 188–205: Papers pertaining to the Pomeranian Chamber, nancial documents and scal papers, 1685–1815. 230–243, 482–490: Letters from towns, e.g. from mayors and councils, and corporations of various kinds (guilds, confraternities, skippers), in Szczecin (Stettin), Rostock, Greifswald, Wolgast, Wollin and elsewhere, sixteenth to nineteenth centuries. 346–383: Letters from commissions dealing with Pomerania, concerning for instance the Pomeranian coinage system, 1698–1699.

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514–529: Documents relating to the customs administration and taxation system, among other topics, 1599–1816. 544–546: Documents concerning trade and shipping, 1569–1814.

Accessibility Inventory and register (both in Swedish) of people mentioned in the Pommeranica collection, by H. Brulin (1915). Record creator / provenance These papers mostly consist of documents from Pomerania’s Swedish period, which commenced when the Swedes signed a defensive alliance with Stralsund in 1628 and the Duke of Pomerania concluded a treaty of alliance in 1630, which among other things entitled the Swedes to levy licenten tolls in the harbours. Vorpommern (Western Pomerania) and the islands of Rügen and Usedom, together with parts of Hinterpommern (Eastern Pomerania, e.g. Szczecin (Stettin), Damm and Gollnow, and the island of Wollin), were formally ceded to Sweden through the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Pomerania was occupied by Danish and Brandenburg troops in the 1670s. In 1720 Sweden lost Hinterpommern and parts of Vorpommern and the island of Usedom, among other territories, to Prussia. The remaining vestiges of Swedish Pomerania came under Danish rule in 1814. The Peace of Westphalia required Sweden to respect the autonomy and separate legislation of the German provinces. From 1638 onwards, Pomerania was ruled by a Swedish Governor-General, assisted by a local board of government located in Szczecin until 1720 and after that in Stralsund. An instrument of government for Pomerania was promulgated in 1663 and remained in force until the beginning of the nineteenth century. Greifswald had a court of appeal, consistory court and university. Visually attractive The materials include maps (c. 1700–1755) of Gingst, Vorpommern, Mecklenburg and islands in the Oder River as well as a drawing of barracks in Stralsund. Related materials • •

Chancery Series of Council Minutes (Det odelade Kansliet. Rådsprotokoll, reference code: SE/RA/1111). Chancery Series of Letter Books (Det odelade Kansliet. Riksregistraturet, reference code: SE/RA/1112.1).

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Chancery Series of Royal Drafts (Det odelade Kansliet. Kungliga brev i koncept, original och avskrift, reference code: SE/RA/1113). Chancery Series of Correspondence Registers (Det odelade Kansliet. Diarier, reference code: SE/RA/1114). Diplomatic Papers. Papers Pertaining to Brandenburg and Prussia (Diplomatica. Brandenburgica-Borussica, reference code: SE/RA/2109). Diplomatic Papers. Papers Pertaining to Germany (Diplomatica. Germanica, reference code SE/RA/2106). Gadebusch Collection (reference code: SE/RA/2405).

Publications • •

• • • •

Backhaus, H., Reichsterritorium und schwedische Provinz: Vorpommern unter Karls XI. Vormündern (1660–1672) (Göttingen, 1969). Buchholz, W., Öffentliche Finanzen und Finanzverwaltung im entwickelten frühmodernen Staat: Landesherr und Landstände in Schwedisch-Pommern 1720–1806 (Cologne, 1992). Gadebusch, T.H., Schwedischpommersche Staatskunde, 2 vols. (Greifswald, 1786–1788). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden, Kungl. Maj:ts kansli, Utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 6, Särskilda bestånd och allmänna forskningshjälpmedel (Stockholm, 2003). Wächter, J., “Quellengut zur pommerschen Geschichte in ausländischen Archiven”, in: Greifswald-Stralsunder Jahrbuch (1964).

Price Controls Committee Record group Price Controls Committee Kommitterade över Prisreglementet (Priskommissionen) Reference code : SE/RA/31801 Period : 1790–1791 Extent : 1 volume Abstract The materials comprise the minutes of the Committee and its written communications to the King in Council with regard to the “Seizure of Ships Regulation” (Reglementet för Uppbringningar), as well as excerpts from judgements of the Upper and Lower Courts of the Admiralty.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1790–1791 : Finland, Germany, Latvia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : French, Swedish

The documents give particulars of the home ports, destinations, cargoes and skippers of a number of seized ships. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), nding aid code: ÄK 801. Record creator / provenance The Price Controls Committee, based at Stockholm, was appointed in 1790 and dissolved in the same year. Its task was to investigate the complaints of foreign ships captured by the Swedish state during the war of 1788–1790 because of presumed contraband on board. Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 3, Kommittéarkiv (Stockholm, 1993).

Private Archives in the Chamber Archives Record group Private Archives in the Chamber Archives Enskilda arkiv i Kammararkivet Reference code : See under “Relevant contents” Period : 1578–1839 Extent : 295 volumes Abstract The Chamber archives (Kammararkivet), which have been part of the National Archives since 1922, include 32 collections of private papers and archival fragments. These collections all contain accounting records.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1578–1690 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, Low German, Swedish

The following collections are relevant with regard to Baltic trade and trading links with the Dutch Republic: FRANCES BRUYN (reference code: SE/RA/54302) Frances Bruyn was an ironmaster and at one time in the service of Abraham and Jacob Momma-Reenstierna. This collection contains incoming letters in Swedish and Dutch, relating among other matters to his business contacts, 1644–1675 (1 volume). BÖRJE CRONBERGS (reference code: SE/RA/54303) Börje Cronbergs (1622–1673) was treasurer to Magnus Gabriel de la Gardie and from 1653 Master of the receipts of the realm. His archives were sequestrated by the Crown in 1690. This collection, made up of 130 volumes and covering approximately the period 1649–1690, contains several sub-collections, such as records concerning De la Gardie’s business transactions and correspondence and business papers of Cronbergs’ wife Anna Maria Gyldensson, as well as documents relating to the administration of their estate after their deaths. The voluminous correspondence series in the collection (for both spouses) include many letters, most of which are in Swedish, although there are also isolated letters from foreign merchants, for example in Hamburg, Lübeck, Riga, Amsterdam, Copenhagen and Gdansk (Danzig) (volumes 12–55, 57, 89–106). The commodities involved include copper, salt, grain, wine, textiles and piece goods. The collection also includes accounts, such as main ledgers and vouchers (volumes 58–88), and special accounts for transactions of copper and piece goods (volumes 120, 121). MAGNUS GABRIEL DE LA GARDIE (reference code: SE/RA/54305) Magnus Gabriel de la Gardie (1622–1686) was Chancellor of the Realm and Governor-General of Sweden’s Baltic provinces. His collection includes documents and accounts relating to his estates in these provinces, from 1662–1680 (volume 5) and estate accounts from Saaremaa (Ösel), from 1650–1653 (volume 6).

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MOMMA-REENSTIERNA (reference code: SE/RA/54317) The brothers Abraham and Jacob Momma were businessmen and ironmasters who migrated to Sweden from the Dutch Republic in the 1640s. In 1669 they were raised to the nobility and took the name of Reenstierna. Their collection includes accounts from the Norna (1674) and Färna factories (1680), and accounting daybooks and main ledgers (1669–1673). MÅRTEN WEWITZER-ROSENSTIERNA (reference code: SE/RA/54321) Mårten Wewitzer-Rosenstierna (1582–1638), from Pomerania, was a businessman and the king’s Master of receipts. In his main ledgers, one can trace his dealings with various merchants, most of them German, dating from 1621–1658 (volumes 1, 2, 5, 7, 9). SIGFRID HENRIKSSON SARFVE (SARFFUE) (reference code: SE/RA/54323) Sigfrid Henriksson Sarfve was a royal secretary and merchant. This collection, one of the few non-noble Swedish mercantile archives extant from the sixteenth century, contains a memorandum book with notes regarding liabilities and statements of account regarding cargo shipments and trade, for example with Lübeck, dating from 1590–1598, and business and private correspondence, mainly with Swedish but also with foreign merchants from Gdansk, Lübeck and Turku (Åbo), 1578–1598. The collection also includes documents, mostly incoming letters, connected with Sarfve’s wife, Elin Köningsdotter, from 1588–1589. JOHAN UTHOFF (reference code: SE/RA/54328) Johan Uthoff came from a Lübeck family of merchants and in 1612 migrated to Norrköping, where he became Duke Johan’s business representative and also carried on extensive business operations on his own account. The collection includes correspondence with merchants and others, mostly in Swedish towns but also abroad, such as in Lübeck, Rostock and Hamburg. Isolated letters from Stralsund, Flensburg, Copenhagen, Amsterdam, Riga, Narva and Wismar are to be found too, dating from 1605–1620 (volumes 1–13). The collection also contains accounts, from 1605–1616 (volumes 14–22). Volume 14 is an account book concerning trade with Germany in 1605, containing particulars of merchants. The collection also includes letters to Uthoff’s wife, Maria Uthoff, from Lübeck, from 1615–1617 (volume 23).

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PALMSTRUCHSKA BANKEN (reference code: SE/RA/54333) This collection emanates from Sweden’s rst bank, founded in 1657 by the Dutchman Johan Palmstruch (1611–1671). The bank was under Crown supervision but failed to gain the condence of the public and in 1668 suspended payments. The collection contains correspondence, among other things regarding the bank in Turku, dating from 1661–1667 (1 volume), and accounts including main ledgers, daybooks and cash books, from 1657–1668 (volume 2–13). Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), covering all the collections, by L. Sjödin (1954). Some of the collections have separate inventories as well: • • • • •

Inventory of the Börje Cronbergs collection, by H. Appelgren (1934), with a register regarding the letters in the collection. Inventory of the Mårten Wewitzer-Rosenstierna collection, by K. Molin (1960). Inventory of the Sigrid Henriksson Sarfve collection, by C. Bager (1960), with an index of letters. Inventory of the Palmstruchska banken collection, by E. Blumfeldt (1960). Inventory of the Johan Uthoff collection, by W. Tham (1934), with an index of letters.

Custodial history The Chamber archives (Kammararkivet) were organisationally incorporated into the National Archives in 1922 and mainly consist of documents generated by the Royal Chamber (beginning c. 1540) and subsequently by the activities of the Kammarkollegium (the Judicial Board for Lands and Funds, formed in 1634). These archives comprise some 8000 metres of documents. Many of the private collections have been added to the Chamber archives as a result of conscations connected with legal proceedings. Some of these collections were in the past divided between several collections, but have since been amalgamated into single collections (such as the Börje Cronberg, Mårten Wewitzer-Rosenstierna, Sigfrid Henriksson Sarfve, and Johan Uthoff collections).

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Related materials • • •

De la Gardie Collection (reference code: SE/RA/720222). Momma-Reenstierna Collection (reference code: SE/RA/720631), volumes E 2469–2738B. Uppsala Univeristy Library: Westinska Collection (Westinska samlingen); containing records regarding Johan Uthoff.

Publications • •

•

Hedar, S., Enskilda arkiv under karolinska enväldet. Studier i svensk arkivhistoria och räfstepolitik (Stockholm, 1935). Odén, B., “Ett svenskt köpmansarkiv från senare 1500–talet”, in: Vetenskaps-societetens i Lund årsbok (1960), pp. 67–73; regarding the collection of Sigfrid Henriksson Sarfve. Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 4, Kammararkivet (Stockholm, 1995).

Privateers’ Accounts Record group Privateers’ Accounts Kaperiräkenskaper Reference code : SE/RA/51303 Period : 1535–1809 Extent : 10 volumes Abstract The privateers’ accounts consist of inventories of the cargoes of ships seized and of the distribution of the proceeds (divided among the Crown, the commander of the privateer eet and the crews), and accounts showing how the Crown’s share of the captured goods was administered. The papers mostly date from the 1560s. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1535–1809 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

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All volumes contain particulars on goods and seized ships, giving ship names, home ports and destinations, and skippers’ names. Frequently mentioned home ports and destinations include Lübeck, Gdansk (Danzig), Rostock, Stockholm, Szczecin (Stettin), Viborg (Viipuri), Narva, Copenhagen, Riga, Söderköping and Groningen. Most of the materials concern ships seized off Narva, but seizures elsewhere (e.g. off Bornholm) are also recorded. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by E. Blumfeldt. Record creator / provenance The privateers’ accounts originated from Erik XIV’s blockade of Narva in 1562, as part of the ongoing struggle against Russian trade. Custodial history This collection was formed in 1964. Related materials •

National Archives Collection. Seizures (Riksarkivets ämnessamlingar. Uppbringningar, reference code: SE/RA/757/42).

Publications • •

Attman, A., Den ryska marknaden i 1500-talets baltiska politik (Lund, 1944). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 4, Kammararkivet (Stockholm, 1995), pp. 101–102.

Royal Bailiff’s Accounts and County Tax Records Record group Royal Bailiff’s Accounts and County Tax Records Landskapshandlingar och länsräkenskaper Reference code : SE/RA/5121–, SE/RA/55210– Period : 1530–1820 Extent : 16300 volumes

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Abstract The Royal bailiff’s accounts from 1530 to 1630 were sent to the Royal Chamber for auditing. The accounts were arranged according to the various Swedish provinces (landskap) and therefore called Landskapshandlingar (registered under reference code SE/RA/5121–, comprising 8215 volumes). From 1630 onward, Sweden was divided into counties, and the tax records were then preserved in each county, hence the name “County tax records” (länsräkenskaper) (registered under reference code SE/RA/55210–, comprising 8085 volumes). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1530–1820 : Sweden : Swedish

The accounts show various kinds of taxes, giving personal particulars and accounts, e.g. for farmsteads and manufactories (bruk) everywhere in Sweden. Accessibility Inventories (in Swedish), partly available online at: www.nad.ra.se. A digital register for the Royal bailiff’s accounts (Landskapshandlingarna) is available at the Swedish National Archives. Copies Parts of both the Landskapshandlingar and the Länsräkenskaperna are available on microlm. Related materials •

“Mantal” Rolls (Mantalslängder, reference code: SE/RA/55203).

Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 4, Kammararkivet (Stockholm, 1995).

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Salt Trade Commission Record group Salt Trade Commission Kommission angående salthandeln Reference code : SE/RA/310549 Period : 1750 Extent : 1 volume Abstract The record group just consists of a draft report on the salt trade in Sweden. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1750–1750 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

The Commission’s report deals primarily with the export and shipment of salt to Sweden from other countries around the Baltic Sea and elsewhere, but it also includes a certain amount of information about trade and shipping in general (chiey concerning merchants and shipowners). Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), nding aid code: ÄK 549. Record creator / provenance The Salt Trade Commission was appointed on the 10th of April 1750 and was probably dissolved in the same year. Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 3, Kommittéarkiv (Stockholm, 1993).

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Skokloster Collection Record group Skokloster Collection Skoklostersamlingen Reference code : SE/RA/720795 Period : 1287–1900 Extent : 80 metres Abstract The Skokloster collection is one of the largest collections from any castle in Sweden. It comprises two main parts: a collection of manuscripts and transcripts, and a number of family archives, mostly from the Brahe, Wrangel, Königsmarck, Vellingk and Bielke families. The members of these families were highly inuential in Sweden during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The collection also includes minor estate archives and a collection of parchment letters (1287–1747). Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1500–1680 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Low German, Swedish

Few series deal specically with trade or shipping, but the large collections of correspondence may include letters concerning trade and merchants. Below, a concise account is given of the main parts of the collection: SKOKLOSTER COLLECTION 1 (manuscripts and transcripts) This is a voluminous collection, of which a few items contain information about the Baltic Sea region: • • •

E 8623: Manuscript in German about Gdansk in 1645. E 8687: Manuscipt in German about Hamburg. E 8733: Documents concerning the permanent quartering of seamen (båtsmän) in 1730 and “bosuns’ pence” in Turku (Åbo) and other places.

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E 8735: Report on Baltic trade. E 8736: Description of archipelago routes between Stockholm and Helsinki, 1724. E 8740: Documents regarding the Turku-Stockholm postal route, Riga currency denominations in 1686, and contracts for shipping between Gothenburg and Norrköping in 1718.

SKOKLOSTER COLLECTION 2 This collection contains letters from Swedes and foreigners to, and draft letters from, for example: Per Abrahamson Brahe, 1650s–1660s (nos. E 8132–8170, of which no. 8138 contains letters from mayors and corporations in Swedish towns and towns around the Baltic Sea such as Tallinn (Reval), Riga, Nyen, Narva and Pernau); Jacob and Pontus Fredrik de La Gardie (E 8171–8172); and Carl Gustaf Wrangel (E 8182–8205). CARL CUSTAF WRANGEL COLLECTION This collection contains Wrangel’s draft letters, dating from 1635–1674 (nos. E 8253–8296); incoming letters from various persons, both Swedes and foreigners (E 8298–8528); and papers received from German towns (E 8543–8549), the Teutonic Order (E 8552), and the government of Pomerania (E 8555–8557). POLISH MANUSCRIPTS AND LETTERS The Polish manuscripts and letters became part of the collection as trophies of war. They include documents relating to Polish history and Polish-Russian relations, especially in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (nos. E 8596–8600); letters to and from the kings of Poland, such as Sigismund I and III, dating from 1534–1652 (E 8601); and Polish letters, with an index of correspondents, from 1616–1653 (E 8604–8608). RUSSIAN PAPERS These concern Russian-Polish relations, for example with regard to Smolensk in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (no. E 8609). Accessibility Separate lists for each major collection, frequently with an index of correspondents. Most of the letters are also searchable in a card index of correspondents and in a database of letters at: www.svar.ra.se.

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Record creator / provenance Skokloster, a castle some miles north of Stockholm, was built between 1654 and 1658 by Carl Gustaf Wrangel (1613–1676), soldier and ofcer of state, and also Governor-General of Pomerania and privy councillor from 1646 onward. From 1701 the castle was managed by the Brahe family. It was taken over by the Swedish state in 1967. Custodial history The collection was deposited at the Swedish National Archives by the Brahe family in 1929 and was purchased by the state in 1968. Visually attractive The collection comprises drawings and an atlas with a few maps of the Baltic Sea region. Publications • •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 6, Särskilda bestånd och allmänna forskningshjälpmedel (Stockholm, 2003), p. 127. Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 8, Enskilda arkiv (Stockholm, 2006), pp. 1116–1171.

Stafsund Archives Record group Stafsund Archives Stafsundsarkiv Reference code Period Extent

: SE/RA/720807 : 1400–1900 : 969 volumes

Abstract The Stafsund Archives comprise the collections formerly kept at the castle of Stafsund (some miles outside Stockholm) and contain archival materials from several persons and families who played an important part in Swedish history (e.g. the Klinckowström, von Fersen, Estenberg, Wachtmeister and Soop families). The materials include correspondence and collections

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of letters (autographs) as well as accounts from several estates in Sweden and also in Finland. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1520–1865 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Low German, Swedish

Most of the collections deal with Swedish matters. The letter collections (for which there is an index of correspondents) may, however, include international correspondence. Relevant collections include the following: • •

•

•

• •

Axel von Fersen the Elder: correspondence with Swedes and foreigners, 1734–1801. Hans von Fersen: correspondence, estate papers from the estates in the Baltic territories and the Fersen House in Reval (Tallinn), 1520–1732 (volumes 36–40). Reinhold Johan von Fersen: correspondence, 1676–1715 (volumes 1–26), and documents concerning prohibited shipping trafc and illicit commodity imports 1712–1716 (volumes 40). Fersenska kontoret (ofce): accounts referring to estates mainly in Sweden (such as Steninge, Mälsåker, Engsö, Finnåkers Bruk), 1632–1865, but also in Finland (like Porkala, Vuojoki, Lavila, Irjante, Harvila), 1587–1799 (volumes 228–247). Autograph Collection: many autographs containing letters from wellknown persons. Collection of parchment and paper letters for Sweden and Finland (1462–1739): letters from the Baltic region, the Netherlands and Germany.

Accessibility Each sizeable collection is separately listed, often with an index of correspondents. Custodial history The greater part of the Stafsund Archives was purchased by the National Archives of Sweden in 1955.

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Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 8, Enskilda arkiv (Stockholm, 2006), pp. 1186–1211.

State Ofce Record group State Ofce Statskontoret Reference code Period Extent

: SE/RA/420405 : 1680–1989 : 18762 volumes

Abstract This record group consists of the administration the Statskontoret (State Ofce) chancery, dating from 1680–1961 (6760 volumes), and of papers from other Statskontoret divisions, such as the Räntekammaren (Chamber of Receipts), from 1680–1961 (3398 volumes), and the Kammarkontoret, from 1681–1875 (2272 volumes). As it was the Statskontoret’s principal task to draft the national budget, overviews of the Swedish national expenditure and revenue can be found here (in the memorandum books and national ledgers), as well as appendices to these overviews and other reports pertaining to national government nances, such as incoming nancial reports and accounts concerning taxes, imposts, customs duties and tasks. The material also includes documents relating to Finland and the Swedish provinces in Germany. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1600–1875 : Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : French, High German, Swedish

A few series are relevant with regard to trade: Records of the chancery, volumes E 3F: 17, contain writings and accounts from consuls and bankers abroad, for example in Hamburg, Amsterdam, London and Paris (mainly in Swedish, French and German), concerning nancial affairs such as the dealing in foreign currency and bills of exchange, dating from 1748–1832.

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The Kammarkontoret’s memorandum books provide information on the expenditure of the Swedish customs administration and, for example, the breakdown of revenue from different customs duties, dating from 1681–1875. There are, however, no specic data concerning particular commodities or merchants. The Kammarkontoret, volumes G 2K: 1–28, contain accounts of the customs revenue from the towns, dating from 1600–1816. These only contain total gures, however, and no specications regarding goods, countries of origin or traders. Accessibility Two inventories: one covering the Kansliet (chancery), by A. Claesson and L. Wickström (1999) (reference code: SE/RA/420405/420405.01); and the other covering the Kammarkontoret, by A. Claesson (1999) (reference code: SE/RA/420405/420405.03). Record creator / provenance The Statskontoret began as an ofce within the Kammarkollegium (Judicial Board for Public Lands and Funds) but became an independent body in 1680. Initially, its task was to draft a state budget and to take responsibility for the disposition of national/state funds, but during the 1750s and 1760s it was also put in charge of international borrowing and lending. Publications • • • •

Lagerroth, F., Statsreglering och nansförvaltning i Sverige till och med frihetstidens ingång (Malmö, 1928). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 5, Centrala myndigheter, Internationella organ (Stockholm, 1999). Statskontoret 1680–1980 (Stockholm, 1980). Åmark, K., Sveriges statsnanser 1719–1809 (Stockholm, 1961).

Stedingk Archives Record group Stedingk Archives Stedingkska arkivet

national archives of sweden Reference code Period Extent

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: SE/RA/720808 : 1560–1836 : 224 volumes

Abstract These archives consist of two parts, the Pomeranian and Swedish family archives, and contain papers of the Stedingk family, such as draft letters, incoming letters, notes and estate papers as well as documents relating to the military activities of the Stedingk family. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1583–1782 : Germany, Poland, Sweden : High German, Swedish

The Pomeranian family archives (66 volumes) include estate papers from Pomerania, for instance concerning the Bömitz, Lentzkow, Libbenow, Pinnow and Zarrentin properties (volumes 30, 40, 41, 53–62), dating from 1583– 1782. These archives also include correspondence and documents relating to the islands of Wollin and Usedom and the administration of Wolgast in the years 1756–1775 (volumes 45–50). The Swedish family archives (158 volumes) include correspondence with Swedes and foreigners. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by S. Hedar (1924). Record creator / provenance The Stedingks are an ancient Pomeranian family whose ancestral home was the estate of Lentzkow in Pomerania. Visually attractive The archives include maps of Zarrentin and Lentzkow in Pomerania, dating from the eighteenth century. Publications •

Platen, Carl Henrik von, Stedingk. Curt von Stedingk (1746–1837): kosmopolit, krigare och diplomat hos Ludvig XVI, Gustav III och Katarina den stora (Stockholm, 1995).

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•

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Platen, Karl Chenrik fon [Carl Henrik von], Stedink. Kurt fon Stedink (1746–1837), kosmopolit, voin i diplomat pri Ljudovike XVI, Gustave III i Jekaterine Velikoj (St. Petersburg, 1999). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 8, Enskilda arkiv (Stockholm, 2006), pp. 1212–1216.

Stockholm Weigh Books Record group Stockholm Weigh Books Stockholms vågböcker Reference code : SE/RA/55306 Period : 1544–1722 Extent : 55 volumes, 4 metres Abstract The Weigh Books list goods weighed for reasons of export and import. Most of the entries concern iron, but other metals and other commodities are also mentioned. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1544–1722 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

The Stockholm Weigh Books mostly deal with iron, but also concern other metals (copper, brass, sulphur) and products such as butter, sh, meat, hemp and ax. These were weighed in connection with export or import and sale in Stockholm. In addition, the Weigh Books give particulars on buyers and traders. The collection is divided as follows: I: Early Weigh Books, 1544, 1546, 1548 (3 volumes). These books contain particulars on various types of goods and the Swedish and German merchants who bought them. II: Audited Weigh Books, 1637–1643, 1645–1666, 1689–1695, 1700, 1702, 1704–1710, 1712–1714, 1716–1722 (51 volumes).

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After 1695 only exports are entered in these volumes. Before 1689, each merchant’s weighings are listed chronologically, while after 1689 the Weigh Books are compiled with reference to the skippers exporting the goods. Goods and dues are noted here, together with the names of the merchants dealing in these goods, as well as the names and home ports of the skippers (e.g. Riga, Gdansk, Amsterdam and Lübeck). Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by L.-O. Skoglund (1975). Record creator / provenance All goods imported and exported had to be weighed at the Stockholm town scales and subsequently a charge was to be paid. This was, however, not only a source of revenue for Stockholm (awarded by letters patent in 1436) but also a means for the central power to regulate trade. Custodial history The Weigh Books were initially kept in four different collections and have been merged into the present one. Related materials • • •

Local Customs Accounts (Lokala tullräkenskaper, reference code: SE/ RA/51309). Mayor and Council [of Stockholm] before 1636 (Borgmästare och råds arkiv före 1636, reference code: SE/SSA/0091a). Stockholm Pig Iron Scales (Stockholms tackjärnsvåg, reference code: SE/SSA/0565).

Publications • • • •

Fahlström, J.M., “Stockholms offentliga vågväsen”, in: Stockholms stads arkivnämnd och stadsarkiv. Årsberättelse (1952), pp. 19–34. Odén, B., “Stockholms äldre vågböcker”, in: Scandia (1959), pp. 113–171. Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 4, Kammararkivet (Stockholm, 1995), pp. 359–360. Sandström, Å., Mellan Torneå och Amsterdam. En undersökning av Stockholms roll som förmedlare av varor i regional- och utrikeshandel 1600–1650 (Stockholm, 1990).

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Svea Court of Appeal Record group Svea Court of Appeal Svea hovrätt Reference code : SE/RA/420422 Period : 1614–1971 Extent : 4837 metres Abstract This record group consists of the administration of the Svea Court of Appeal. The main section contains documents relating to its decisions, documented in the proceedings, judgement books, and decisions and verdicts series. The record group also includes estate inventories of the nobility of central and northern Sweden. The records of the judge advocate contain, among other things, documents from the hundred and (town) district courts in central and northern Sweden. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1614–1950 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

Relevant material with regard to trade can be found in several sections. MAIN SECTION The main section includes material relating to trade, such as smuggling, illicit trade and legal disputes between merchants, which are found in the court’s judgements and the les pertaining to the judgements, for example in the following series: • • •

A: Protokoll (minutes), 1614–1950 (several series). B: Registratur (drafts), 1614–1802. E VI: Rättegångsakter (records from court proceedings) (several series), 1615–1950.

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JUDGE ADVOCATE (Advokatskalen) This section contains neat copies of judgement books, for example from the district courts in the towns and the hundred courts in the countryside, and therefore from all coastal towns within the jurisdiction of the Svea Court of Appeal, from 1584 to 1845. The town district courts dealt with every possible issue that may have arisen in the towns, such as illicit trading, bankruptcies, and civil actions between merchants concerning prices and payments, imports and exports, and wrecked ships and their cargoes. The town district courts were also allowed to deal with criminal cases involving foreigners. Before the sea toll courts were established in the staple towns in 1690, the court of appeal also had cognizance of customs cases (involving smuggling, for instance). Judgement books are extant from the following staple towns (which all received staple rights before 1800): Härnösand, 1698–1850; Sundsvall, 1721–1850; Gävle, 1699–1850; Nyköping, 1641–1850; Visby, 1649–1850; and Umeå, 1698–1850. Accessibility Inventory, by S. Landahl. Alphabetical registers are available for the case les, for example those in Janus regius, 1614–1748, and the Kuylenstiernas register, 1615–1680. Record creator / provenance The Svea Court of Appeal was set up in Stockholm in 1614. Additional courts of appeal were established in the Swedish Kingdom in Åbo/Turku in 1623, in Dorpat/Tartu in 1630 and in Jönköping (Göta Court of Appeal) in 1634. The location of the Svea Court of Appeal, however, close to seat of central power, provided it with a special standing among the courts of appeal. Following the creation of the Göta Court of Appeal in 1634, the jurisdiction of the Svea Court of Appeal comprised the central and northern parts of present-day Sweden (Svealand and Norrland). From 1654 it also included Gotland. The court of appeal was the second highest judicial instance, behind the Justitierevisionen (the king and Privy council) during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and the Supreme Court from 1789 onwards. It was mainly concerned with the review of decisions passed by the local courts (hundred courts and the town district courts). In addition, it was the court of rst instance for certain criminal cases and for certain types of proceedings involving the nobility (until 1916) and certain ofcers of state. In 1595 it was decreed that judgement books (the proceedings of the hundred and

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district courts) were to be submitted to the king and council for scrutiny. This task was taken over by the court of appeal in 1614, which explains why copies of these judgement books are included in the archives of the court of appeal. Custodial history The material suffered heavy losses as a result of two res in 1697 and 1802, and of weeding in the mid-nineteenth century, when most of its les regarding civil cases (1689–1804) and criminal cases (1883-nineteenth century) were taken away. Some of these papers were sold to collectors and can now be found in, for example, the Westin Collection in the Uppsala University Library and the Sjöholm Archives in the Swedish National Archives. Some of the papers of the Svea Court of Appeal can also be found in subject collections at the Swedish National archives. Copies Parts of the judgement books are available on microlm. Publications •

• • •

Landahl, S., “Skoglar Bergström och gallringen i Svea hovrätts arkiv”, in: Donum Boëthianum. Arkivvetenskapliga bidrag tillägnade Bertil Boëthius 31.1 1950 (Stockholm, 1950), pp. 199–244. Malmsten, E., “Anteckningar om Svea hovrätts arkiv”, in: Meddelande från Svenska Riksarkivet, Ny följd, 1, 4 (1913–1915), pp. 113–144. Petrén, S., Svea hovrätt. Studier till 350-årsminnet (Stockholm, 1964). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 5, Centrala myndigheter Band 2 (Stockholm, 1999), pp. 418–430.

Swedish Administration in Germany Record group Swedish Administration in Germany Svenska förvaltningen i Tyskland Reference code : SE/RA/54108–SE/RA/54111 Period : 1651–1769 Extent : 116 volumes

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Abstract This record group consists of the papers of the Swedish administration in Germany. It actually includes four collections relating to the administration of the Swedish territories in Germany: • • • •

Bremen-Verden: Chamber in Stade. Chamber of receipts in Stade: Johan Manderstierna’s records. Wismariensia: Johan von Steeb’s papers. Supreme war commissariat in Pomerania.

Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1651–1769 : Germany, Sweden : High German, Low German, Swedish

The collections extensively deal with the administration of the Swedish territories in Germany. Correspondence and accounts from merchants as well as information concerning goods can be found in all four collections. BREMEN-VERDEN: CHAMBER IN STADE (reference code: SE/RA/54108), 1651–1717 (15 volumes) This collection contains documents formerly belonging to the Chamber in Stade, such as correspondence, from 1667–1715; liquidation documents concerning the quartering of the militia during the Bremen War of 1666–1668; Bremen and Verden chapter accounts, from 1711–1712; and Rothenburg county accounts, from 1714–1715. CHAMBER OF RECEIPTS IN STADE: JOHAN MANDERSTIERNA’S RECORDS (reference code: SE/RA/54109), 1690–1724 (74 volumes) Manderstierna headed the Chamber of receipts of the duchies in Stade. The collection consists of Manderstierna’s drafts and incoming letters, as well as parts of the documents of the Chamber of receipts, such as accounts regarding various persons, from 1696–1722 (volumes 39–41), and magazine documents from Bremen-Verden containing information concerning goods and merchants, from 1694–1724 (volumes 54–66).

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WISMARIENSA: JOHAN VON STEEB’S PAPERS (reference code: SE/RA/54110), 1690–1715 (12 volumes) Johan von Steeb was appointed County master of receipts and Commissioner for war in Wismar in 1689. The contents of this collection include correspondence and magazine documents. SUPREME WAR COMMISSARIAT IN POMERANIA (reference code: SE/RA/54111), 1757–1769 (15 volumes) This collection contains accounting records from the war with Prussia and, among other things, correspondence, military muster rolls and contracts, for example with citizens, merchants and skippers regarding goods and transports, from 1757–1764 (volume 9). Accessibility Inventories (in Swedish): • • • •

Bremen—Verden: Kammaren i Stade, by E. Blumfeldt (1963). Räntekammaren i Stade: Johan Manderstiernas arkiv, by E. Blumfeldt (1947). Wismariensia: Johan von Steebs papper, by E. Blumfeldt (1946). Överkrigskommissariatet i Pommern, by E. Blumfeldt (1954).

Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 4, Kammararkivet (Stockholm, 1995), pp. 240–244.

Swedish Church Archives Record group Swedish Church Archives Svenska kyrkoarkiv Reference code : not applicable Period : 1500–1895

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Abstract The Swedish church archives contain documents concerning ecclesiastical nances and the local adminstration of the parishes before 1863, as well as civil registration records up to 1991. Between 1686 and 1991 the established Church of Sweden was required by law to keep records of the entire population, but even before 1686, some churches entered particulars of their parishioners in parish registers (kyrkböcker). The most important series with regard to individuals are the registers of births and baptisms (series C), registers of marriages (series E), migration rolls (series B) and lists of deaths and burials (series F). The collection also includes “house examination lists” (series A I). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1500–1895 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

As the civil registration documents in the church archives were kept up to date continuously by the clergy, the collection provides good source material for tracing individuals and studying the overall structure of the population. Of particular relevance with regard to trade, shipping and immigration are the following series. Series F includes the registers of deaths, which may include information regarding, for example, foreign sailors dying in connection with a shipwreck. Series A I consists of house examination lists. House examinations (husförhör) were held annually between 1686 and the end of the nineteenth century, with the priest examining his parishioners, family by family, on the catechism, testing their literacy and listing each family member’s particulars (name, place of birth, occupation, number of children, etc.). Some of these lists are provided with occupational indexes to facilitate searches for particular occupations, such as traders, skippers and seamen. Series B contains the migration rolls. These also provide information with regard to the occupation of the persons listed. Series G contains demographic and occupational statistics. Accessibility Inventories (in Swedish) of the collections at the regional archives and the Swedish national archives; partly also available online at: www.nad.ra.se, and at: www.svar.ra.se.

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Copies The civil registration material of the Church of Sweden is generally available on microlm. Large parts have been digitised from the 1990s onwards. During the 1990s the microlms were also converted to microches, and in this form deposited in the relevant provincial archives (landsarkiv) as well as the National Archives (with regard to the parochial archives for the whole of Sweden). Microces can also be ordered from SVAR (www.svar.ra.se). Some of the civil registration material for certain parts of Sweden can be accessed online at: www.svar.ra.se (click on “Forska”), subject to a fee. Related materials Related are the Swedish parochial archives kept at the provincial archival repositories (landsarkiv) to which the parishes pertain geographically. These list everyone living within the boundaries of each parish concerned. The archives up to 1895 have been microlmed and are also accessible on microche at the Swedish National Archives.

Swedish National Archives Collection of Maps and Drawings of Unknown Provenance Record group Swedish National Archives Collection of Maps and Drawings of Unknown Provenance Riksarkivets kart- och ritningssamling. Utan känd proveniens. Reference code : SE/RA/81001 Period : 1594–1930 Extent : 1347 sheets Abstract The collection comprises maps and drawings of which the provenance is unknown in the sense that they cannot be related to any particular archives. The collection includes maps and drawings of locations all over the world, but the bulk concerns Sweden, Finland and Sweden’s former Baltic provinces. Most of the materials are hand-drawn and coloured.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1600–1800 : Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : French, High German, Swedish

The collection includes maps of all countries bordering the Baltic Sea as well as the Netherlands, together with town maps and descriptions of towns and fortications. Only a small number of maps are concerned with shipping and shipping lanes, but coastal stretches, skerries and islands are depicted on maps focussing on land areas (the greater part of the collection). The town plans may also yield information concerning harbours and shipyards, for example. Listed below are maps and drawings relating to the principal trading towns and coasts of Sweden and the rest of the Baltic Sea. Plans and maps of Swedish towns: • • • • • •

Göteborg (Gothenburg), 1667, eighteenth century (nos. 112a, 112). Kalmar, 1648 (no. 124), 1639 (no. 124a), seventeenth century (no. 125), 1671 (no. 126), 1688 (no. 127). Karlskrona (Carlscrona), eighteenth century (nos. 128, 129). Karlskrona shipyard, 1748 (no. 130). Malmö (Malmoe), 1713 (no. 145). Stockholm, 1733 (no. 171).

Maps of Swedish archipelagos and coastal stretches: • • • •

Göteborg’s archipelago, eighteenth century (no. 304). Stockholm’s archipelago and shipping lanes, 1800 (no. 308). Nyköping’s archipelago, eighteenth century (no. 309). Archipelago at Grisslehamn north of Stockholm, eighteenth century (no. 253).

Plans and maps of Finnish towns: • • • • •

Helsingfors (Helsinki), 1763 (no. 389). Kexholm, seventeenth century (nos. 394, 395). Kristinestad (Kristiinankaupunki), 1650 (nos. 396–399). Gamla Karleby (Karleby, Kokkola), 1649, 1650 (nos. 378, 379). Nykarleby, 1649 (no. 410).

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Torneå, seventeenth century (nos. 433, 434). Uleåborg (Oulu), 1650 (nos. 436–438). Viborg (Viipuri), seventeenth century (nos. 439–441). Åbo (Turku), c. 1630 (nos. 447, 448).

Maps of Finnish archipelagos and coastal stretches: • • • • • • • • •

Helsingfors-Tavastehus, eighteenth century (nos. 342, 343). Helsingfors-Viborg, eighteenth century (no. 344). Björneborg-Helsingfors-Borgå, eighteenth century (no. 345). Helsingfors-Borgå-Lovisa, eighteenth century (no. 352). Shipping lane to Helsingfors, seventeenth century (no. 384), 1739 (no. 469). Lovisa (Loviisa), eighteenth century (nos. 353, 470, 471). Uleåborg, seventeenth century (no. 365), eighteenth century (nos. 363, 364). Viborg, eighteenth century (no. 369). Nautical chart of the archipelago of Hangö (Hanko), eighteenth century (no. 468).

Plans and maps of Swedish towns in, mostly, former Swedish provinces: • • • •

Narva, seventeenth century (no. 479). Nyen, c. 1600 (nos. 480–482). Rope walk in Riga, seventeenth century (no. 500). Gdansk (Danzig), eighteenth century (no. 509).

Maps, with for example coastal stretches, of former Swedish provinces: • • • • • •

Ösel and Dagö (Saaremaa and Hiiumaa), 1687–1688 (nos. 487, 488), and Dagö (Hiiumaa), seventeenth century (no. 490). Territories around Riga and the Daugava (Düna) River, seventeenth century (nos. 491–493). Prussia, eighteenth century, 1629–1635 (nos. 507, 508). Pomerania, seventeenth century (no. 510), and Pomerania and Rügen, eighteenth century (nos. 511, 515). Hannover, 1745. Bremen and Verden, seventeenth century.

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Ill. 23. Plan of Karlskrona (Sweden’s largest shipyard), 18th century, depicting the navy’s harbour and the ropewalk in the south and the customs house in east (section H). National Archives of Sweden (Stockholm): “Collection of Maps and Drawings of Unknown Provenance” (reference code: SE/RA/81001), no. 129.

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Various other maps: • • •

Holland, seventeenth century (no. 586). Friesland, 1616, 1618 (nos. 587, 588). Poland, seventeenth century (no. 591).

Accessibility Register. Visually attractive Many of the maps and town plans are beautiful, coloured manuscripts. Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 6, Särskilda bestånd och allmänna forskningshjälpmedel (Stockholm, 2003).

Tidö Archives Record group Tidö Archives Tidöarkivet Reference code Period Extent

: SE/RA/720859 : 1500–1900 : 99 metres

Abstract The Tidö archives are made up of several components containing a large number of nancial papers concerning the lands of the Oxenstierna family, the Tidö estate and many other estates and properties. The archives also contain correspondence from several branches of the Oxenstierna clan. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1553–1700 : Estonia, Finland, Germany, Lithuania, Sweden : High German, Low German, Swedish

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The collection contains nancial records and correspondence from a large number of properties. Of particular relevance with regard to trade and lands in Sweden’s Baltic provinces and Germany are the following papers: AXEL (GUSTAFSSON) OXENSTIERNA (1553–1654) •

•

5: Accounts relating to the war in Germany, 1628–1635, for instance accounts concerning Swedish Crown revenues from the Baltic and Prussian ports, 1628–1632. 43: Documents relating to the Copper Company, 1605–1639.

JOHAN (AXELSSON) OXENSTIERNA (1611–1657) •

46: Accounts concerning shipbuilding activities in the Hörningsholm shipyard, 1629–1630.

ERIK (AXELSSON) OXENSTIERNA (1624–1656), GOVERNOR OF ESTONIA, CHANCELLOR OF THE REALM • •

49, 50: Incoming letters, 1649–1660. 51–58: Cash accounts, 1645–1656.

SÖDERMÖRE ESTATE (EXECUTORSHIP) RECORDS • • •

• •

•

•

75: Copybook concerning lands in Livonia and Estonia held by the Oxenstierna executors, 1622–1671. 132–134: Resumption and liquidation documents concerning Swedish, Baltic and Finnish estates, 1681–1709. 143–170, 174–221: Oxenstierna Swedish and Finnish estate papers, for example concerning the Tidö, Fiholm, Hjulsta and Bergshammar estates and the Barony of Kimito, 1528–1800. 171–173: Accounts from individual estates in Livonia and Estonia, 1661–1675. 256–265: Documents relating to the Barony of Kimito in Finland, incoming letters and business papers, including customs rolls for Finnish peasant shipping (Vackannar). 266–348: Livonian estate papers concerning Wenden (Cesis) and Wolmar (Valmiera), incoming letters and business documents (Vackeböcker), 1500–1700. 349–351: Business papers, title deeds and individual letters, 1582– 1672.

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369: Writings from the mayor and corporation of Tartu (Dorpat), 1586. 383: Documents concerning Oxenstierna from Croneborg regarding his Ingrian lands, 1693–1699. 441–448: Documents relating to Chancellor of the Realm Magnus Gabriel de La Gardie (1622–1686); nos. 441–442 are accounts from estates and manufactories (bruk) in Sweden; nos. 443–448 are the same for Sweden’s Baltic provinces, such as Ösel and Moon. 469–493: Records of chief inspector of customs Zacheus Leuhusen, includes drafts of his outgoing letters, 1656–1683 (nos. 469–471), and customs extracts for Riga, Tallinn (Reval), Pernau and Dagö, 1670s and 1681 (nos. 492–493). 503: Documents relating to Västerviks shipping company (skeppskompanie), 1646–1651. 509: Description of Russian trade in the seventeenth century and deliveries to the tar company from Viborg (Viipuri), 1662–1668.

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by A. Soom and I. Carlsson (1970). Custodial history The archives from Tidö, the ancestral home of the Oxenstierna clan, were acquired by the Swedish National Archives in 1848 and came to be known as the Oxenstierna Collection (see under “Related materials”). In 1968, other documents, which consisted mainly of business papers relating to the Oxenstierna’s estates and nances, were purchased, and went to make up the bulk of these archives, known as the Tidö Archives. Visually attractive The collection includes drawings of Tidö and some other estates, 1656– 1928. Related materials •

Oxenstierna Collection (Oxenstiernasamlingen, reference code: SE/RA/ 72071).

Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 8, Enskilda arkiv (Stockholm, 2006), pp. 1316–1331.

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Tott Collection Record group Tott Collection Tottska samlingen Reference code Period Extent

: SE/RA/720874 : 1500–1688 : 130 volumes

Abstract This collection contains incoming and drafts of outgoing letters to and from Åke Tott (1598–1640) and his son Field Marshall Claes Tott (1630–1674), as well as accounts and estate papers from the family’s estates in Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Livonia and Germany. The archives are divided into two parts, the Åke Tott Archives and the Claes Tott Archives. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1500–1680 : Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Sweden : High German, Low German, Swedish

Both the Åke Tott and Claes Tott archives contain collections of letters including international correspondence. They also include accounting records and other estate papers relating to the family’s estates in Sweden, Finland, Estonia (Leal, Ruhde, Wosel, Nehhat, Sastama), Livonia (Matzal) and Germany (Toytenwinckel, Wesseldorf ), mainly between the 1630s and 1680s (e.g. in volumes E 5819–5824, 5906). Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by P. Sondén. Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 8, Enskilda arkiv (Stockholm, 2006), pp. 1346–1348.

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Trade and Finance Ofce Record group Trade and Finance Ofce Handels och nansexpeditionen Reference code : SE/RA/11205 Period : 1773–1793 Extent : 174 volumes, 11 metres Abstract The records reect the responsibilities of the Trade and Finance Ofce, which included trade, shipping and manufacturing. Central series are: council minutes, copies of public documents, drafts, diaries of incoming and outgoing papers, and incoming papers in a separate section of the record group called Finance Ofce (Finanskontoret). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1773–1793 : Finland, Sweden, various countries : Swedish

There is no section in which all records concerning trade and shipping have been put together. Therefore, relevant documents have to be searched for in all series, which include the following: Series A Rådsprotokollen (council minutes), 1773–1792: The Privy Council being Sweden’s government (consisting of sixteen members and chaired by the King), these minutes include decisions relating, for example, to customs duties, manufacturing rights, shipping and the rights of various towns. The documents refer mainly to Sweden and Finland, though other countries may also be mentioned. Series B Registratur och koncept (copies of public documents and drafts), 1773–1792: This series contains Royal Ordinances and ofcial communications on various subjects.

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Series C1A and C2 In- och utgående diarier (incoming and outgoing letter books), 1773–1793: These diaries provide a useful overview of the business concerned. Series B and E Finanskontoret (nance ofce), 1787–1793: These series consist of registratur (copies of outgoing letters), 1787–1792 (series B), and incoming papers, 1787–1793 (series E). Accessibility Inventory in: Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden. Kungl. Maj: ts kansli. Utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996), pp. 104–106. There is a separate inventory of the records of the Finance Ofce (in Swedish) by S. Clason (1904). Record creator / provenance The “Ofces of State” (Statsexpeditionerna) were the predecessors of what in the 1840s came to be known as ministries or government departments (departementen). The Chancery Ordinance (Kansliordning) of 1713 assigned to the “Trade Ofce” (Handelsexpeditionen) domestic affairs relating, for example, to foreign and domestic trade, manufacturing, coinage, banking and customs. The Royal Chancery was reorganised in 1719 and matters until then dealt with by the Trade Ofce were transferred to the “Home Ofce” (Inrikescivilexpeditionen). In 1773 matters regarding trade and shipping were transferred to the newly formed Trade and Finance Ofce (Handels- och nansexpeditionen). This ofce was dissolved in 1792, whereupon its tasks were reverted to the Home Ofce. Related materials • •

Home Ofce (Inrikescivilexpeditionen, reference code: SE/RA/11204/ 11204.1). Undivided Chancery (Det Odelade kansliet, reference code: SE/RA/ 111).

Publications •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden. Kungl. Maj:ts kansli. Utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996).

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Trade Ofce Record group Trade Ofce Handelsexpeditionen Reference code : SE/RA/11204/11204.2 Period : 1714–1719 Extent : 9 volumes Abstract This record group contains duplicates of copies of outgoing letters (copies of the registratur) as well as outgoing letter books, a resolutions book and transcripts of town charters. Most of the Trade Ofce’s records, such as council proceedings, original copies of outgoing letters (registratur) and draft documents, are to be found in the archives of the Undivided Chancery (Odelade kansliet, see under “Related materials”). Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1714–1717 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Series B, Registraturet, contains correspondence of the Trade Ofce concerning, for example, domestic and foreign trade, customs duties and manufacturing in the entire Swedish kingdom. The town charter transcripts (in series E) give information on the various trading rights of Swedish towns (but not of those of Finland or elsewhere). Accessibility Inventory; also available online at www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance The “Ofces of State” (Statsexpeditionerna) were the predecessors of what in the 1840s came to be known as ministries or government departments (departementen). The Chancery Ordinance (Kansliordning) of 1713 assigned

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to the Trade Ofce domestic affairs relating, for example, to foreign and domestic trade, manufacturing, coinage, banking and customs. The Royal Chancery was reorganised in 1719 and matters until then dealt with by the Trade Ofce were transferred to the “Home Ofce” (Inrikescivilexpeditionen). In 1773 matters regarding trade and shipping were transferred to the newly formed “Trade and Finance Ofce” (Handels- och nansexpeditionen). This ofce was dissolved in 1792, whereupon its tasks were reverted to the “Home Ofce”. Related materials • • •

Home Ofce (Inrikescivilexpeditionen, reference code: SE/RA/11204/ 11204.1). Trade and Finance Ofce (Handels- och nansexpeditionen, reference code: SE/RA/11205/11205.1). Undivided Chancery (Odelade kansliet, reference code: SE/RA/111).

Publications • •

Herlitz, N., “De svenska städernas privilegier”, in: Svenska Stadsförbundets tidskrift (1920), pp. 352 ff. Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden. Kungl. Maj:ts kansli. Utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996).

Treaty Collection Record group Treaty Collection Originaltraktater med främmande makter Reference code : SE/RA/25.3 Period : 1526–1813 Extent : 246 volumes Abstract This collection comprises Sweden’s agreements with foreign powers, such as alliances and commercial treaties, truces and peace settlements, as well as other documents of international political and legal signicance, including declarations and assurances.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1568–1812 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Danish, Dutch, French, High German, Latvian, Russian, Swedish

The documents are rst arranged geographically and second chronologically. Relevant are the following countries, regions and towns: • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Denmark, 1568–1809 (29 volumes). Russia, 1561–1812 (45 volumes). Poland, 1572–1732, and Gdansk (Danzig) 1630 (7 volumes). Livonia, 1562, and Courland, 1630–1660 (1 volume). Germany, 1633–1740 (20 volumes). Brandenburg-Prussia, 1627–1813 (24 volumes). Braunschweig-Lüneburg with Hannover, 1639–1768 (10 volumes). Hamburg, 1674–1739 (1 volume). Lothringen (Lorraine), 1566, and Lübeck, 1568–1633 (1 volume). Mecklenburg-Güstrow, 1666–1695 (1 volume). Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 1634–1813 (3 volumes). Saxony, 1633–1778 (3 volumes). Stralsund, 1648 (1 volume). Holland (Netherlands), 1526–1781 (22 volumes).

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by B. Taube and S. Bergh, published in Meddelande från svenska riksarkivet 1892–1894. A less detailed inventory is available at: www.nad.ra.se. Custodial history Parts of the collection were destroyed in the re at the Stockholm Castle in 1697. Visually attractive Many of the treaties are beautiful and written on parchment with seals.

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Copies The treaties dating from the period 1521–1648 and 1723–1771 have been published in Sverges traktater med främmande magter (see under “Publications”). Treaties from the years 1649–1722 and 1772–1813 are available on microlm. The whole collection is going to be scanned and will become available at: www.nad.ra.se (reference code: SE/RA/25.3) in 2007. Related materials •

Various Diplomatica collections (reference code: SE/RA/2103–).

Publications •

• •

•

•

Holm, N.F., Svenska ratikationer i riksarkivets traktatsamling, Vol. I, Archivistica et mediaevistica Ernesto Nygren oblata (Stockholm, 1956), pp. 218–227. Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden, Kungl. Maj:ts kansli, Utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996). Rydberg, O.S., Sverges traktater med främmande magter, Vols. D 4–6:1 (1521–1648) and D 8 (1723–1771), Gränskartor 1752–1766 och 1810 (Stockholm, 1877–1934). Sandgren, C., Recueil des traités, conventions et autre actes diplomatiques de la Suède, entièrement ou partiellement . . . en vigueur le1 janvier 1910 (Stockholm, 1910). Seitz, H., and E. Rosengren, Huvuddragen av Sveriges freder och fördrag 1524–1905 (Stockholm, 1944).

Undivided Chancery Record group Undivided Chancery Det odelade kansliet Reference code : SE/RA/111 Period : 1522–1723 Extent : 2087 volumes, 171 metres

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Abstract The “Undivided Chancery” (Det odelade kansliet) is the archival designation of the Royal Chancery between 1522 and 1723. The main series consist of council minutes, copies of public documents (Riksregistraturet), drafts and diaries. Incoming letters to the Chancery are scattered over various collections (see under “Custodial history”). Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1523–1723 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Latvian, Swedish

The various series are chronologically ordered and contain transactions of various kinds. Therefore, documents relating to, for example, trade and shipping are not gathered in one section but may be found in many places in all different series. Briey, the main series are the following: Rådsprotokoll (Council minutes), 1621–1723 (234 volumes): These records correspond to present-day minutes of cabinet proceedings. They include transactions from all ofces of state (i.e. the predecessors of present-day government departments or ministries), and accordingly, all types of business are represented, such as shipping, domestic and foreign trade, customs and the privileges of various towns. The easiest way to locate transactions is by consulting the existing indexes: minutes up to and including 1658 have been printed and indexed, while minutes for most years after 1660 are indexed in the original volumes. Riksregistraturet, 1523–1718 (818 volumes): This series consists of copybooks, in chronological order, of letters patent and other correspondence handled by the Royal Chancery, i.e. basically all types of business in the whole Kingdom of Sweden, except for those parts that were intermittently, and especially between 1556 and 1625, granted in fee as duchies or appanages for the royal family. Duke Karl’s letter book (Hertig Karls registratur, 1568–1598), however, forms a series in its own right. Most of the Riksregistraturet is in Swedish, but some parts are in German and Latin. From 1684 onwards, there is a separate letter book for foreign affairs in the archives of the Utrikesexpeditionen (Foreign Ofce), but foreign matters can also still be found in the Riksregistraturet after that date. The Riksregistraturet has several indexes (see under “Accessibility”).

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Kungliga brev i koncept, original och avskrift (Letters patent, draft and original versions, transcripts), 1523–1718 (827 volumes). Diarier (Diaries) 1551–1718 (88 volumes): These daybooks are not complete for the entire period, but the surviving ones convey a good picture of the various transactions of the Royal Chancery and, sometimes, information concerning documents that have since been lost. Accessibility Each main series has its own inventory: •

•

•

•

Rådsprotokoll (Council Minutes), reference code SE/RA/1111: inventories in “Rådsprotokoll och föredragningslistor” and “Rådsprotokoll intill 1840”. Riksregistraturet (Copies of public documents), reference code SE/ RA/1112.1: * Inventory by T. Gihl (1914) and at: www.nad.ra.se. * F. Ludwigs, “Register till riksregistraturet” (1990). There are several registers to the Riksregistratur: * In the archives themselves are two registers: “Titularregister 1522–1690” (16 items) and “Register 1547–1718”. * At the reference desk of the National Archives is a card catalogue (index) for most of the Riksregistratur, as well as “Stadshistoriska institutets register”, an index concerning records about towns and urban history in the Riksregistratur. * For the period 1521–1560, the Riksregistratur has been published with registers. Kungliga brev i koncept, original och avskrift (Letters patent, draft and original versions, transcripts), reference code SE/RA/1113: inventory in “Kungliga koncept” (1952). Diarier (Diaries/daybooks), reference code SE/RA/1114): inventory in “Kungliga kansliets diarier”.

Custodial history Parts of the archives were lost in the Stockholm Castle re of 1697. These include the Council Minutes from the years 1689–1693 and parts of 1697, parts of Riksregistraturet (above all the German and Latin letter books for the period 1521–1560) and most letters patent drafts from before 1645. Minutes relating to, for example, foreign affairs may in certain cases have been transferred to other collections at the Swedish National Archives

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or manuscript collections at libraries, especially those of the Uppsala University Library. At certain times government business could also be transacted by national authorities (“boards” or “ofces”), in which case documents are to be found in their copybooks, e.g. those of the Judicial Board for Public Lands and Funds (Kammarkollegium) and the Mines Authority (Bergskollegium). In accordance with archival practices of earlier periods, correspondence to the Chancery is scattered over various collections, e.g. the Diplomatica collections, “Writings of public utilities, government ofcials, directorates etc. to the King in Council” and “Writings to the King in Council (government) from administrative boards etc., county governors, appeal courts and consistory courts”, see under “Related materials”. Copies On microlm: • •

•

Rådsprotokollen (Council minutes), 1621–1656. Riksregistraturet (Copies of public documents), 1523–1718, including the registers to the Riksregistratur: “Titularregister 1522–1690” and “Register 1547–1718”. Diarier (Diaries), for incoming letters, 1575–1580, 1595, and outgoing letters, 1553–1563, 1575–1580.

Published: • • •

Rådsprotokollen (Council Minutes), 1621–1658, published in “Svenska riksrådets protokoll 1621–1658”. Riksregistraturet, 1521–1560, published in “Gustaf den Förstes registratur”. Diaries for incoming letters, 1566, and outgoing letters from Duke Johan of Finland, 1556–1592.

Related materials • • •

•

Diplomatica Collections (Diplomaticasamlingarna, reference code: SE/ RA/2101–2120). Foreign Ofce (Utrikesexpeditionen, reference code: SE/RA/11201). Correspondence of Public Utilities, Government Ofcials, Directorates etc. to the King in Council (Allmänna verks, ämbetsmäns, direktioners m  skrivelser till Kungl. Maj:t, reference code: SE/RA/1135). Correspondence to the King in Council (Government) from Administrative Boards etc., County Governors, Appeal Courts and Consistory

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Courts (Kollegiers m ., landshövdingars, hovrätters och konsistoriers skrivelser till Kungl. Maj:t, reference code: SE/RA/1134). Publications •

Bergh, S., “Rådsprotokoll och därmed jämförliga i riksarkivet förvarade protokoll”, in: Meddelande från svenska riksarkivet (1911). • Carlsson, A.B., “De äldsta kända rådsprotokollen”, in: Historisk Tidskrift (1910). • Clason, S., “Stenograska rådsprotokoll från 1600-talet”, in: Meddelande från svenska riksarkivet (1911). • Danielson, C., “De stenografiska rådsprotokollen”, in: RA-nytt, 5 (1984). • Granlund, V., G.O. Berg and J.A. Almquist, Gustaf den Förstes registratur, Vols. I–XXIX (Stockholm, 1861–1916). • Leinberg, K.G., “Hertig Johans af Finlands diarium öfver utgånga bref ”, in: Bidrag till Åbo stads historia, series 1:7 (Helsinki, 1891). • Lindberg, F., Katalog över Stadshistoriska institutets registersamling (Stockholm, 1937). • Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden. Kungl. Majts kansli. Utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996). • Silfverstolpe, C., “Kongl. kansliets diarium öfver ingångna skrifvelser 1566”, in: Historiska handlingar, Vol. 8, no. 2 (Stockholm, 1878). • Svalenius, I., Rikskansliet i Sverige 1560–1592 (Stockholm, 1991). • Svenska riksrådets protokoll 1621–1658 (Stockholm, 1878–).

Warehouses and Trading Record group Warehouses and Trading Varuhus och handling Reference code : SE/RA/51310 Period : 1538–1621 Extent : 106 volumes, 10 metres Abstract This collection consists of accounts of warehouses as well as the King’s Merchants’ trading registers from the various towns where these warehouses were located.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1538–1621 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Russia, Sweden, various countries : High German, Low German, Swedish

The collection is arranged according to the various warehouses: • • • • • •

• •

Stockholm, 1539–1621 (68 volumes). Söderköping, 1564–1599 (5 volumes). Norrköping, 1548–1562 (4 volumes). Kalmar, dealing mainly in butter and hides, 1538–1595 (9 volumes). Älvsborg (Lödöse), dealing mainly in butter, 1545–1595 (8 volumes). Varberg, organised in the 1560s for the purpose of conveying Russian goods from Narva to Varberg for sale (a project frustrated by transport problems), 1566–1568 (1 volume). Nyköping, 1562–1615 (9 volumes). Reval (Tallinn), existing solely for the castle and the military forces, 1561–1589.

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by C. Andrae (1970). Record creator / provenance Starting around 1540, the administration of taxes in kind was entrusted to a special organisation: “Warehouses and Trading”. The bailiffs delivered to the warehouses the taxes in kind eligible for export (mainly butter, tallow, hides, lead, iron, copper and grain). Sales of goods and purchases of goods from abroad, on the other hand, were conducted by a so-called King’s Merchant within the Trading (Handling) section of the organisation. The most important warehouse was located in Stockholm (goods were conveyed here from northern and central Sweden and from Finland), but there were smaller warehouses elsewhere in Sweden. “Warehouses and Trading” gradually faded out of existence from the 1590s onwards, as the sale of merchandise was taken over by the local bailiffs. Publications •

Edén, N., Om centralregeringens organisation under den äldre vasatiden (1523–1594) (Upsala, 1899).

national archives of sweden •

• •

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Odén, B., Rikets uppbörd och utgift. Statsnanser och nansförvaltning under senare 1500–talet (Bibliotheca Historica Lundensis, 1) (Lund, 1955). Odén, B., Kronohandel och nanspolitik 1560–1595 (Vetenskaps-societetens årsbok i Lund, 56) (Lund, 1966). Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 4, Kammararkivet (Stockholm, 1995).

Wismariensia Record group Wismariensia Wismariensia Reference code Period Extent

: SE/RA/2407 : 1631–1802 : 78 volumes, 5.5 metres

Abstract This record group consists of documents of what is known as the “Wismar Tribunal”, including both papers relating to the administration of Wismar and papers from cases heard by the Tribunal. There are letters to and from the president and the ofcials of the Tribunal as well as letters and other documents from commissions, which for instance concerned the church, burgesses, trade and customs duties. Tribunal presidents could also act as diplomatic envoys to Germany, for which reason their letters often deal with political conditions there. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1651–1782 : Germany, Sweden : High German, Low German, Swedish

Since the Tribunal was concerned with the levying of licenten tolls on shipping in both Wismar and Warnemünde, there several documents dealing with this matter. Volume 62 concerns Wismar’s revenues in 1722. Volume 73 mostly contains letters relating to customs duties between 1651 and 1782. Volume 74 comprises freight accounts of Wismar skippers between

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1657 and 1659, including, among other things, the names of the skippers and their assets and liabilities. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by H. Brulin (1915). Record creator / provenance The Wismariensia documents emanate from the “Wismar Tribunal”, which was set up in 1653. It served as a supreme court for all of Sweden’s German provinces and as civil administrative authority for the Mecklenburg territories. The Tribunal was transferred to Stralsund in 1802 and later on to Greifswald. The town of Wismar, the island of Poel and the port of Warnemünde were occupied by the Swedes in 1632 and, together with nearby Neukloster, nally ceded to Sweden through the Peace of Westphalia (1648). The area was occupied by Danish troops between 1676 and 1680 and again from 1716 to 1720. The Swedish period ended in 1803, when Wismar, Poel and Neukloster were ceded to the Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin as collateral for a state loan that Sweden formally refrained from paying off in 1903. Warnemünde had already been mortgaged in 1714 without being redeemed. Related materials •

Diplomatic Papers. Papers Pertaining to Germany (Diplomatica. Germanica, reference code: SE/RA/2106).

Publications • •

Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt, Vol. 1, Medeltiden, Kungl. Majt:s kansli, utrikesförvaltningen (Stockholm, 1996). Techen, F., Geschichte der Seestadt Wismar (Wismar, 1929).

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NATIONAL LIBRARY OF SWEDEN Kungl. Biblioteket Stockholm www.kb.se

Royal Library’s Manuscripts Collections Record group Royal Library’s Manuscripts Collections Kungliga bibliotekets handskriftssamling Reference code : not applicable Period : 750–2000 Extent : 2000 metres Abstract The Royal Library’s collections of manuscripts cover a wide range of topics. The systematic catalogue (Realkatalogen) and some other catalogues list the materials classied by subject, which include, for example, documents concerning theology, law, antiquarian studies, philology, history of literature and art, biography, geography (Sweden and other countries), and trade and history for various periods (medieval times to c. 1900), subject elds and countries. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1393–1839 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, French, Low German, Swedish

Listed below is the material in the systematic catalogue dealing with trade, as found both under the reference Handel (trade) and other references:

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B: LAW •

•

B 522: collection of resolutions and statutory instruments relating to Sweden’s trade, customs, mining industry and manufactories, 1651– 1689. B 582–612: Documents of Swedish guilds, fraternities and societies (fourteenth to nineteenth centuries), including: a “fraternity book” from the Guild of St. Gertrud in Stockholm, with particulars of members (both Swedish and German citizens), 1419–1484; statutes, membership lists and accounts of the Corpus Christi Guild in Stockholm, 1393–1474 (no. B 587A); and minutes, lists of ships, correspondence, membership lists and accounts from the Stockholm Society of Skippers (including particulars of foreign skippers awarded the freedom of Stockholm), 1745–1839 (no. B 604).

D: HISTORY This section includes, for example, chronicles of the Kings of Sweden from Gustaf I to Erik XIV (sixteenth century–1840s). •

D 493a: Notes for a history of Gustaf I, including particulars of commodity prices in 1534.

M: GEOGRAPHY This section consists of letters, hand-written relations and memoranda dealing mainly with towns and provinces of Sweden and Finland: • •

M 23: Brief description of the trade movements and industries of the town of Kalmar in 1748. M 49: Documents relating to the Stockholm iron scales (where iron was weighed for export), 1795–1818.

X 926–975: TRADE •

• •

X 928: Printed forms (mostly in Dutch, but also some in German and French) for cargo vessels sailing to and from Stockholm, 1640s–1670s, and receipts for Sound toll payments, 1750. X 935: Accounts from a voyage of the Dutch vessel Sanckt Oloff in 1593. X 957: Documents, including some essays, concerning Swedish trade in the eighteenth century.

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The Royal Library’s Manuscripts Collections also include the so-called Engeström’s collection, with its own catalogue. This collection comprises family records and documents of older, mainly aristocratic families, as well as other kind of records. The following documents have a direct bearing on trade and shipping: • • • • •

•

B IV 1.6: Documents relating to Gävle shipping and the staple towns of the Norrland coast (northern Sweden), 1655. B VI 2: Correspondence with towns in Ermland, Prussia and parts of Pomerania, especially Gdansk (Danzig) and Brandenburg, 1700–1716. B IX 1.7: Relation concerning, among other matters, Kristianstad’s trade and shipping, 1735. C X 1.1: Documents relating to Dutch trade, undated (1.1.12), and Russian trade, 1770 (1.1.24). C X 1: Daybooks concerning Swedish trade, 1664 (1.3) and 1687 (1.5), Swedish exports and imports, 1745 (1.8), and Swedish companies and manufactories (1.19). C XII 1.24: Memorandum concerning the Russian iron trade, 1724.

Accessibility The systematic catalogue is available in the reading room of the Royal Library Manuscripts (MSS) Department. The Royal Library’s MSS collections and archives are searchable in the database of Swedish research libraries, now under construction (www. ediffah.org). Letters can be searched for in the separate index of correspondents, also accessible at: www.svar.ra.se (under the heading “Brevdatabas”). Inventory for Engeström’s collection in: Handlingar ur Stats-Ministerns m.m. Herr Grefve L.V. Engeströms bibliotek (Stockholm, 1824). Record creator / provenance The archival collections listed in the systematic catalogue derive from many different quarters. For the most part the materials have not been kept in their original order, and documents deriving from single collections or archives are now to be found under various categories. The materials were acquired by the Royal Library through donations by private collectors, permanent loans, purchase or exchanges with other institutions. Lars von Engeström (1751–1826) was a diplomat and utrikesstatsminister from 1809 to 1824 (roughly speaking, the present-day ofces of prime minister and foreign minister combined) and a collector of documents.

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Custodial history Most of the earlier collections of manuscripts (and books) were destroyed in the Stockholm Castle re of 1697, when only about 300 volumes out of an original 1100 manuscripts could be saved. During the nineteenth century there were several exchanges of material, mostly between the Royal Library and the National Archives (including medieval parchments, which were deposited with the National Archives) and between the Royal Library and other countries. Engeström’s library and collection of manuscripts were bought by the Royal Library in 1864. Copies The documents in B 587 and B 587A are microlmed (MPH 1425–1428) and also published (see under “Publications”). Publications • • • • •

Burius, A., “Samlingarna av handskrifter”, in: Kungl. biblioteket: byggnaden och samlingarna (Stockholm, 1998), pp. 65. Handlingar ur Stats-Ministerns m.m. Herr Grefve L.V. Engeströms bibliotek (Stockholm, 1824). Järv, H., “Kungl. bibliotekets handskriftsavdelning: en presentation”, in: Arkiv, samhälle och forskning (1972), pp. 20–28. Klemming, G.E., Småstycken på forn svenska 1868–1881, pp. 297–318; containing inv. no. B 587. Upplands fornminnesförenings tidskrift, 46 (1938–1943), p 177; containing inv. no. B 587A.

Other remarks The Royal Library keeps several archives associated with Swedish cultural gures, mainly authors. In addition to the systematic catalogue, these archives can also be searched through the Royal Library’s alphabetical correspondents’ index and its nominal catalogue (which lists all non-letter material). The correspondents’ index (up to and including archives and collections catalogues in 2001) is also searchable on the Internet (www.svar. ra.se, under the heading “Brevdatabas”), with the exception of particulars concerning persons still living. These particulars and letter indexes for post2001 acquisitions can be searched for in lists at the Royal Library.

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ROYAL SWEDISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, CENTRE FOR HISTORY OF SCIENCE Kungl. Vetenskapsakademien, Centrum för Vetenskapshistoria Stockholm www.center.kva.se/engelska/index.htm

Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Archives / Secretary’s Archives Record group Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Archives / Secretary’s Archives Kungliga Vetenskapsakademiens arkiv / Sekreterarens arkiv Reference code : not applicable Period : 1727–1920 Extent : 15 metres Abstract The archives contain papers from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, such as addresses, biographies of members and a large number of scientic research submitted to the Academy. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1744–1779 : Finland, Russia, Sweden, various countries : Swedish

The archives have been arranged by subject. Documents relating to trade and shipping are mostly to be found under the heading “Trade”, for instance in scientic accounts concerning the following topics:

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Usefulness of shipping, 1749 (K 29). Russian trade in the north of Sweden, 1765 (K 9). Metals and minerals exported via Stockholm, Uddevalla, Gävle, Norrköping, Västervik, Kalmar, Nyköping, Åbo (Turku), Lovisa and Helsingfors (Helsinki), 1760–1779 (K 22). Currency exchange rates, 1744 (K 1).

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish) (1943–1944).

STOCKHOLM CITY ARCHIVES Stockholms Stadsarkiv Stockholm www.ssa.stockholm.se

Governor’s Ofce Record group Governor’s Ofce Överståthållarämbetets äldre kansli Reference code : SE/SSA/15705 Period : c. 1600–1878 Extent : 160 metres Abstract The papers include the Governor’s Ofce’s minutes, incoming letters and copies of outgoing letters, all reecting the Ofce’s various duties, such as the surveillance of the royal residence and other Crown properties in Stockholm, and the supervision of Stockholm’s administration.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1600–1800 : Denmark, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : French, High German, Swedish

Forty-seven volumes are relevant with regard to the Baltic Sea. Series F 1 A contains surviving passports and passport applications for foreign travel from the seventeenth century to 1800. Several passports (including printed ones, with hand-written sections for names and destinations) were issued in the major Baltic seaports. Volume G 9:1 contains Räkenskaper rörande ryska köpmäns egendom i Ryssgården (accounts relating to property of Russian merchants at Ryssgården) over the years 1700–1722 (Ryssgården was an area in central Stockholm where Russian were generally staying, presently known as Stadsgården). The creation of these accounts was prompted by the outbreak of the Great Northern War in the autumn of 1700, which transformed the situation for Russians in Stockholm. The Russian traders were imprisoned and their goods and money conscated. In November 1700, on the Governor’s orders, Ryssgården was visited by two city court judges and a notary who, in the presence of the Russians and an interpreter, inventoried and valued the property held by the Russians. After this war the Russian trade in Stockholm never recovered its former intensity. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance The origins of the Stockholm Överståthållarämbete (Governor’s Ofce) date back to the 1634 Instrument of Government. Its rst written instructions were issued in 1664. The Governor’s Ofce was responsible for the surveillance of the royal residence and other Crown properties in Stockholm. The Governor’s duties also included supervising the city’s administration, public order, building activities, the administration of justice in city courts, and prisons. The Chancery of the Governor’s Ofce also served as the city’s passport ofce until 1 March 1831. The Governor’s Ofce was dissolved 1968.

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Ill. 24. Passport issued on 24 June 1698 by the mayor and council of Tallinn (Reval) to the merchant Johan Alberti, travelling rst to Stockholm and next to Hamburg and Amsterdam, with a note at the bottom stating that Alberti arrived at Vaxholm in the Stockholm archipelago six days later. Stockholm City Archives: “Governor’s Ofce” (reference code: SE/SSA/15705), no. F1 A: 2.

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Mayor and Council until 1636 Record group Mayor and Council until 1636 Borgmästare och råds arkiv före 1636 Reference code : SE/SSA/0091a Period : 1474–1636 Extent : 10 metres Abstract The records include the so-called Tänkeböcker but also other kinds of documents pertaining to the Mayor and Council in Stockholm, for example drafts of their outgoing letters from the years 1520–1636. Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1474–1635 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Swedish

The vast archives of the Mayor and Council include Stockholm’s Tänkeböcker, which belong to the stadsböcker group, stadsböcker (town registers) being the collective name of the books kept by town authorities in the Baltic Sea area during the late Middle Ages and in some cases even later. These consist of the minutes of council meetings and contain records of civil and criminal proceedings, by-laws, minutes of administrative transactions, edicts by the Crown, entries concerning divisions and purchases of property and various other notes. The Tänkeböcker consist of two series: A 1–44, Tänkeböcker i renskrift (neat copy); and A 45–56: Tänkeböcker i koncept (draft). These frequently contain notes about nancial dealings and transactions of Stockholm burghers with their contacts and kinsmen at coastal towns in North Germany and Holland. There are many entries about Stockholmers shipping goods to Amsterdam and Hamburg and obtaining court permission to sail through the Sound (Öresund).

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Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Copies The Tänkeböcker for the period 1474–1632 have been printed; for further information, see under “Publications”. Related materials •

Norra Förstaden (North Fauborg, reference code: SE/SSA/0091b); series A 1–8 contain Tänkeböcker concerning the northern suburb of Stockholm for the period 1614–1634.

Publications •

Stockholms tänkeböcker 1474–1632, Vols. 1–20 (Stockholm, 1939–) (a printed edition of the Tänkeböcker from 1633 is expected to be published in 2006; the printed Tänkeböcker are annotated and include indexes of persons, places and subjects).

North Faubourg Record group North Faubourg Norra förstaden Reference code Period Extent

: SE/SSA/0091b : 1602–1635 : 13 volumes

Abstract The record group includes the so-called Tänkeböcker but also other kinds of materials such as incoming letters and nancial records, pertaining to the mayor and the council of the North Faubourg (suburb) of Stockholm.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1614–1634 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Swedish

The archives of the North Faubourg include Stockholm’s Tänkeböcker, which belong to the stadsböcker group, stadsböcker (town registers) being the collective name of the books kept by town authorities in the Baltic Sea region during the late Middle Ages and in some cases even later. They include the minutes of council meetings and also contain records of civil and criminal proceedings, by-laws, minutes of administrative transactions, edicts of the Crown, entries concerning divisions and purchases of property and various other notes. The Tänkeböcker comprise the series A 1–8, Tänkeböcker i renskrift och koncept (Tänkeböcker in neat copy and draft). These frequently contain notes about nancial dealings and transactions of Stockholm burghers with their contacts and kinsmen at coastal towns in North Germany and Holland. There are many entries about Stockholmers shipping goods to Amsterdam and Hamburg and obtaining court permission to sail through the Sound. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance During the period 1602–1635, the North Faubourg (northern suburb) was a separate town, situated in the Norrmalm district in Stockholm, with its own mayor and council. Copies The Tänkeböcker for the period 1474–1632 have been printed; for further information, see under “Publications”. Related materials •

Borgmästare och råds arkiv före 1636 (Mayor and Council before 1636, reference code: SE/SSA/0091a); containing Tänkeböcker from the period 1474–1634 for the main part of Stockholm.

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Publications •

Stockholms tänkeböcker 1474–1632, Vols. 1–20 (Stockholm, 1939–) (a printed edition of the Tänkeböcker from 1633 is expected to be published in 2006; the printed Tänkeböcker are annotated and include indexes of persons, places and subjects).

Stockholm Pig-Iron Scales Record group Stockholm Pig-Iron Scales Stockholms tackjärnsvåg Reference code : SE/SSA/0565 Period : 1751–1869 Extent : 10.5 metres Abstract These records concern the Stockholm pig-iron scales (tackjärnsvåg), which were used to weigh the pig-iron and osmund iron passing through the city. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1751–1800 : Finland, Sweden : Swedish

Series D II a comprises vågböcker (weighing books) from the period 1751–1800. It consists of 16 archival boxes, each containing two or three vågböcker, one for each year. The weighing books give the weighing date, consignor and consignee, stamp, place of production, grade, weight, export date and destination. The only foreign destinations mentioned are ironworks and manufactories (bruk) in Finland, which at that time was part of the Swedish Kingdom. Pig-iron from the Bergslagen region (northwest of Stockholm) was shipped across to the following Finnish bruk (among others): Antskog, Kimo, Orisberg, Koskis, Kantua and Kirjakala. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se.

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Record creator / provenance The pig-iron scales (tackjärnsvåg) were established in 1749 at Munkbron (in the centre of Stockholm) and were used to weigh the pig-iron and osmund iron passing through the town. Initially this was part of a system to ensure that the products concerned were only shipped to other parts of Sweden as exports of pig-iron and osmund iron were prohibited up to and including 1855. The pig-iron scales were decommissioned in 1869. Publications •

Fahlström, J.M., “Stockholms offentliga vågväsen”, in: Årsberättelse/ Stockholms stads arkivnämnd och stadsarkiv 1952 (Stockholm, 1952), pp. 19–34.

Stockholm Sailors’ House Record group Stockholm Sailors’ House Stockholms sjömanshus Reference code : SE/SSA/0826 Period : 1748–1961 Extent : 160 metres Abstract The records include registers (such as muster rolls), minutes, copies of letters, correspondence (mostly twentieth-century) and nancial papers. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1749–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Two series are relevant with regard to the Baltic Sea trade: •

D Ia: 1–54: Mönstringsrullor (muster rolls, bound), 1749–1800 (c. 5 metres for the years concerned). These rolls list the name and cargo capacity of ships; the name of shipmasters; name, birth place, age,

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marital status and wage of petty ofcers and crew; and ports of origin and destinations. Both Swedish and foreign vessels are registered. Ports around the Baltic Sea and in Holland are regularly mentioned. D Ib: 1–50: Manskapsregister till mönstringsböcker (crew registers for ships’ articles, bound), 1749–1800 (c. 2 metres for the years concerned). These registers list names of seamen, their positions on board, age, marital status, place of domicile, place of birth, period of service and particulars concerning ports of origin and destination around the Baltic Sea.

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance The sailors’ house in Stockholm was the rst of its kind in Sweden when it was founded in 1748. Its duties included: registration and hiring of seafarers, providing support for retired sailors and payment of compensation to those whose health had been impaired at sea. From 1788 until its winding up in 1961, the sailors’ house was located in the Gamla Stan (Old Town) district of Stockholm. Publications • •

Gerentz, S., Stockholms sjömanshus 1748–1948 (Stockholm, 1948). Stockholms sjömanshus 1748–1961 (Stockholm, 1961); comprising catalogue of an exhibition at the Stockholm City Archives.

Stockholm Town Engineer’s Ofce Record group Stockholm Town Engineer’s Ofce Stadsingenjörskontoret Reference code : not applicable Period : 1636–1970 Extent : 6000 maps and drawings, 75 metres

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Abstract Stockholm’s Stadsingenjörskontors arkiv (archives of the Stockholm City Engineer’s Ofce) includes maps, drawings, cadastral plans and designations from 1636 (the foundation year) onwards, as well as minutes, outgoing letters, property records and registers. Part of the maps and drawings has been indexed under the designation Gamla ritningssamlingen (GS, collection of old drawings). The archives of the City Engineer’s Ofce also include the stock of drawings ordered by parishes, which are known as församlingsritningarna (parochial drawings). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1674–1800 : Russia, Sweden : Swedish

Relevant materials are to be found in both the collection of old drawings and the collection of parochial drawings. GAMLA RITNINGSSAMLINGEN (GS, COLLECTION OF OLD DRAWINGS): • •

•

•

GS 27, 28, 29, 33, 41: Drawings of Skeppsbron, the harbour of Gamla Stan (old town) in Stockholm, eighteenth century. GS 138: Drawings with regard to the järnvågen (iron scales), eighteenth century. (Järnvågen was the place where iron from Sweden’s ironworks was weighed, inspected and stored. An ordinance promulgated in 1671 enjoined the provision of iron scales in all Swedish export harbours, for the purpose of inspecting Swedish exports of iron. The system remained in use until the mid-nineteenth century.) GS 144, nos. 6, 11, 19: Drawings of the Russian church in Södra Stadshuset, Stockholm, 1761, 1764. (The chapel of the Russian trading post in Stockholm, Ryssgården, was intended for the use of the Russian merchants there. It had no xed premises but was set up in various warehouses. Ryssgården was completely destroyed by re on 6 December 1694. The town no longer dared to erect wooden buildings, and two rows of warehouses and booths, all of brick and half-timber, were built instead. The Russian church moved into one of the new half-timbered buildings, and here the Russian church stayed until 1748, when it transferred to Södra Stadshuset.) GS 144, nos. 17, 19, 20, and GS 158: Drawings of Ryssgården, the Russian trading post in Stockholm, mid-eighteenth century.

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GS 176: Drawings concerning the sjömanshuset (sailors’ house) in Gaffelgränd in Stockholm’s old town, eighteenth century.

FÖRSAMLINGSRITNINGAR (PAROCHIAL DRAWINGS): •

MAR 88–93: Drawings of the Parish of Maria Magdalena and in particular of Ryssgården, the Russian trading post in Stockholm, eighteenth century.

STADSINGENJÖRSKONTORET (STOCKHOLM CITY ENGINEER’S OFFICE), series D I a: •

Olof Holms tomtbok, 1674, Kvarteret Stadsgården, no. 1: Pictures of Ryssgården, the Russian trading post in Stockholm.

Accessibility Inventories, nding aid codes: 71 and 85. The drawings in the Gamla ritningssamlingen (collection of old drawings) cannot be accessed online. Record creator / provenance The Stockholms Stadsingenjörskontor (Stockholm City Engineer’s Ofce) was formed in 1636. The rst City Engineer was Anders Torstensson (1636–1667). Visually attractive The record group includes 6000 maps and drawings. Publications •

•

Rosell, C.M., “Fastighetsforskning och kartor. Källor till Stockholms byggnadsmiljö”, in: Forska själv! En bok om arkiven i Stockholm (Stockholm, 1990). Wikström, L., “Fastighetsforskning i Stadsarkivet: En översikt av källmaterialet intill 1850”, in: In Årsberättelse / Stockholms stads arkivnämnd och Stadsarkivet (Stockholm, 1968), pp. 33–55.

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Stockholm Trade Ofce Record group Stockholm Trade Ofce Stockholms Handelskollegium Reference code : SE/SSA/0147 Period : 1635–1849 Extent : 50 metres Abstract The records of the Stockholm Trade Ofce pertain to trade and business in Stockholm during the period 1636–1849 and to the town’s nances in general during the years 1672–1814. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1674–1800 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Swedish

The records of the Handelskollegium (Trade Ofce) include a substantial number of documents relating to the Baltic Sea trade: •

•

•

Series D II d 1 contains Förteckningar över till Stockholms handelskollegium anmälda främmande köpmän (lists of foreign merchants registered with the Trade Ofce as being in Stockholm), 1674–1675. Series D VIII g (1 bundle) contains Förteckning över förolyckade skepp och sjöfolk (list of ships and seafarers lost at sea), 1772–1792, dealing not only with Swedish waters but other parts of the Baltic Sea as well. Series E VIII IX b contains Prisuppgifter angående av ryssar sålda och köpta varor (prices of goods bought and sold by Russians), 1695– 1700.

Listor över ankomna skeppare (lists of shipmasters arriving), series E XI a 1 (1 bundle), have survived for 1712, 1718 and 1719 and also include foreign shipmasters arriving in Stockholm.

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Accessibility Inventories (in Swedish); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance Stockholm’s Handelskollegium evolved from the Freight Chamber (Fraktkammaren) and was formed in compliance with the statute on “the division of ofce between the mayors of Stockholm”, issued by the Governor, Mayors and Council in 1636 and dividing the governance of the town between four boards. One of these, the Handelskollegiet, was to cover commerce and trade. In 1850 the Handelskollegium merged with another board to form the Handels- och ekonomikollegiet. Related materials •

Handelskollegiet’s Sjöfolkskontroll (reference code: SE/SSA/0102, listed separately in the Stadsarkivets förteckning, or City Archives inventory, no. 102), containing ships’ protocols, ships’ afdavits, crew lists, lists of ships and seafarers and incoming ships’ passports, over the years 1691–1841, is also highly interesting. These records provide much information, above all about Swedish ships and crews, ship names, home ports and destinations.

Publications •

Jägerskiöld, O., “Sjöfolkskontrollen i Stockholms handelskollegium”, in: Arkivnämndens och Stadsarkivets årsberättelse 1935 (Stockholm, 1936).

Town Treasurer Record group Town Treasurer Stadskamreraren Reference code Period Extent

: 37 : 1636–1800 : 510 volumes

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Abstract The record group consists of the almost complete archives of the Stockholm Stadskamreraren, centered around the series of the town’s general ledgers and supporting vouchers (stadens huvudböcker och verikationer). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1636–1800 : Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : Swedish

Among many other subjects, the Stockholms huvudböcker (series G I a 1) and the verikationer (series G I b) contain a substantial amount of information about Stockholm’s trade relations with various Baltic Sea ports and the Netherlands. The tolagslängderna (rolls recording imports and exports at the port of Stockholm) are of particular interest. The tolag was a customs charge on foreign trade. After the rst ship with an outgoing cargo liable for tolag was cleared through customs in 1636, the tolag quickly became Stockholm’s biggest single source of revenue. The tolag rolls give the names of the exporter and shipmaster, the goods carried and their value. Places frequently mentioned include Holland, Gdansk, Lübeck, Rostock, Stralsund and Kolobrzeg (Kolberg). The rolls also provide exhaustive documentation concerning Ryssgården (“Russian Yard”). This area was situated at what is now Stockholm’s Stadsgården and comprised booths, chapels and warehouses for Russian merchants, who were normally stationed here from June till the end of October. The Russians rented this trading post from the town of Stockholm. Accessibility Inventory. Publications • • •

Abrahamsson, Å., “Ryssgården”, in: Stadsvandringar, 18 (Stockholm, 1998). Attman, A., Ryssland och Europa. En handelspolitisk översikt (Stockholm, 1946). Lang, S., Stadsgården och Ryssgården (Stockholms stadsmuseums småskrifter) (Stockholm, 1966).

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Sandström, Å., Mellan Torneå och Amsterdam. En undersökning av Stockholms roll som förmedlare av varor i regional- och utrikeshandel 1600–1650 (Stockholm, 1990). Simonsson, I., “Stadskamrerare och stadskassör”, in: Nordisk Familjebok, 3rd edition (Stockholm, 1923–1937).

REGIONAL ARCHIVES IN UPPSALA Landsarkivet i Uppsala Uppsala www.ra.se/ula

Nyköping Customs House Record group Nyköping Customs House Nyköpings tullkammare Reference code : SE/ULA/11600 Period : 1676–1830 Extent : 2.5 metres Abstract This record group consists of the administration of the Nyköping customs house. Most of the material dates from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and consists of minutes, journals (such as registers of shipping and goods), correspondence, records concerning customs, and accounts.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1676–1830 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Low German, Swedish

Relevant with regard to imports into and exports from Nyköping are the following: • • •

1: Minutes, 1757–1830. 3: Customs journals, including information concerning incoming goods at the customs house, 1710–1722. 4–22: Incoming records, including papers from skippers and merchants concerning goods and customs, 1676–1830.

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish). Record creator / provenance Tullkammaren (customs house) was the name of the customs administration in Swedish staple towns and the place where the clearance of incoming and outgoing merchandise was handled.

Nyköping Sailors’ House Record group Nyköping Sailors’ House Nyköpings sjömanshus Reference code : SE/ULA/11330 Period : 1716–1961 Extent : 242 volumes, 18 metres Abstract This record group consists of the papers of the sailors’ house in Nyköping. It includes registers (such as muster and sailors’ rolls), minutes, copies of letters, other correspondence and papers regarding nances.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1716–1946 : Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : High German, Swedish

Relevant with regard to trade and shipping are three items: •

•

•

A 1: Minutes of the management of the sailors’ house, mostly regarding relief for poor seamen and sailor’s widows, and the administration of the sailors’ house but possibly including information concerning foreign trade and merchants, 1785–1946 (1 volume). E IIIb: Register of sailors, containing biographical information about seamen (mostly from Sweden) registered at the sailors’ house, 1782–1897 (1 volume). F V: Documents from German and Dutch ships, 1716–1727.

Accessibility Inventory. Record creator / provenance Sailors’ houses were founded in order to supply sufcient labour to the merchant marine, create a better control of the hiring system and working conditions, and improve the social security of mariners. Its duties included: registration of seafarers, providing support for retired sailors and payment of compensation to those whose health had been impaired at sea. Any native shipowner and rm of shipowners had to cooperate with a sailors’ house and pay certain charges to it, depending on the capacity of the ship (lästpenningar) and the hire of the crew (sjömanshusavgiften). In 1748, the Swedish government decided to set up the rst Swedish sailors’ house in Stockholm, which all staple towns of the Swedish kingdom had to join. From the year 1752 onward, staple towns were allowed to have their own sailors’ houses and in the second part of the eighteenth century many of the staple towns organised their own sailors’ houses. The sailors’ house in Nyköping was founded around 1752–1754. Publications •

•

Revbron, L., Sjömanshus i ost. Allmänt om sjömanshusen, bakgrund, tillkomst och verksamhet samt en orientering om sjömanshusen i östra Sverige (Karlskrona, 1997). “Sjöfolk”, in: Sjömanshusdatabas (Sollefteå, 2003), on CD-rom.

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Nyköping Sea Toll Court Record group Nyköping Sea Toll Court Nyköpings sjötullrätt Reference code : SE/ULA/11127 Period : 1684–1831 Extent : 1 metre Abstract This record group consists of the administration of the sea toll court of Nyköping. It contains mainly minutes of the court with appendices. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1684–1831 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

As the sea toll court (Sjötullrätten) was a special tribunal for customs proceedings, the record group contains documents relating to customs duties and smuggling (A I, 1–4: Minutes). The appendices to the minutes (F, 1–4) include memorandums and letters of foreign skippers and sailors, and concern ships and their cargoes, dating from 1684–1831. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish) (1966). Record creator / provenance The sea toll court (Sjötullrätten) was a special tribunal for customs proceedings in staple towns. In 1831 this jurisdiction passed to the district or town courts (Rådhusrätten). Copies Contemporary copies of the proceedings of the sea toll court were sent to the National Board of Trade and, consequently, can now be found in the archives of this body (see under “Related materials”).

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Related materials •

National Board of Trade (Kommerskollegium, reference code: SE/RA/ 420132), Advokatskalen, series D; including copies of some of the minutes of the sea toll court, 1742–1827.

Nyköping Town Court and Administration Record group Nyköping Town Court and Administration Nyköpings rådhusrätt och magistrat Reference code : SE/ULA/11126 Period : 1656–1968 Extent : 187 metres Abstract The record group consists of the records of the central administration of the town of Nyköping. It contains minutes of meetings of the town administration (magistraten) and proceedings of the town court (rådhusrätt), which include judgement books, legal correspondence and accounts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1656–1907 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

Relevant with regards to trade is series A I, which consists of Domböcker ( judgement books), from 1656–1907 (192 volumes) and Magistratsprotokoll (minutes of council meetings), from 1656–1907 (37 volumes). The series of judgements books and minutes deriving from the town court contain records regarding civil and criminal proceedings. Some of the cases are trade-related. The minutes of the council meetings include information concerning various subjects with regard to the town, such as town planning, harbours, shipyards, trade and merchants. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se.

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Record creator / provenance The town of Nyköping is rst mentioned in the sources in 1280. It became a staple town around 1636. The town administration (magistraten), introduced in Sweden and Finland according to German principles in the seventeenth century, was the governing body in towns that had their own jurisdiction. It consisted of a mayor and a council. The town administration also served as the national administrative authority within the town and furthermore functioned as a common court. In this latter capacity it was referred to as rådhusrätt or rådstuvurätt. This form of town administration was abolished in Sweden in 1965; the last rådhusrätt courts disappeared in 1971. Copies Contemporary copies of the judgement books of the town court were sent to the Svea Court of Appeal (Svea hovrätt) and are now to be found at the Swedish National Archives. Related materials •

National Archives of Sweden (Stockholm): Svea Court of Appeal (Svea hovrätt, reference code: SE/RA/420422); including copies of the judgement books and minutes of the Nyköping town court.

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UPPSALA UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, MANUSCRIPTS AND MUSIC Uppsala Universitetsbibliotek, Handskriftsoch Musikenheten Uppsala www.ub.uu.se/adress/enydetaljadress.cfm?IdNamn=BI:12

Gustavian Collection Record group Gustavian Collection Gustavianska samlingen Reference code : not applicable Period : 1750–1792 Extent : 119 volumes Abstract This collection contains the surviving papers of King Gustaf III (1746–1792), namely his correspondence, personal writings, ofcial reports and state papers. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1760–1792 : Germany, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : French, High German, Swedish

Among other things, the collection includes letters from Swedes abroad (e.g. in St. Petersburg, The Hague and Hamburg) and from foreigners (volumes 22–23). Volume 37 deals with metals and minerals exported from the Stockholm and Göteborg (Gothenburg) metal scales in the period 1760–1779.

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Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish) (1934). Copies The collection has been microlmed.

Nordin Collection Record group Nordin Collection Nordinska samlingen Reference code : not applicable Period : 1500–1800 Extent : 2054 volumes Abstract This collection, assembled by Bishop Carl Gustaf Nordin (1749–1812), contains original documents and transcripts relating to the history and topography of Sweden. The collection is divided into several subjects, such as theology, literature history, Swedish history and topography. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1643–1780 : Finland, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Dutch, High German, Swedish

Relevant materials listed under the heading “Trade and shipping” include the following: • •

387, 388: Charges levied on foreign goods for Sweden and Finland, and charges on goods exported, 1753. 392: Various documents relating to the following subjects: * Tjärukompaniet (Tar Company) in Stockholm, Finnish towns and Swedish staple towns, 1643–1682. * Salt trade, 1653–1657, contracts between Factorie contoret and merchants in Hamburg, 1663 (in German), and Amsterdam, 1663 (in Dutch).

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* Copper and iron trade, 1664. * Customs duties, individual ship’s passes, seventeenth century. 393: Documents relating to customs duties, export of copper and iron, tar trade and grain trade. 396: Documents concerning copper production and copper trade in Sweden, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. 397, 398: Tables of customs dues and trade, mostly from Stockholm, with particulars on goods and countries they were dispatched to, sometimes with names of skippers, 1730s–1780s (scattered years).

Accessibility Inventory.

Palmskiöld Collection Record group Palmskiöld Collection Palmskiöldksa samlingen Reference code : not applicable Period : 1400–1719 Extent : 468 volumes Abstract This collection, compiled by Elias Palmskiöld (1667–1719), contains his notes and transcripts of documents and printed papers concerning the history and topography of Sweden. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1448–1717 : Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands : High German, Low German, Swedish

Relevant documents include the following: • •

56: Letters relating to Baltic Sea trade, 1714. 72: Letters from Swedish ministers abroad and from foreigners in Sweden.

uppsala university library, manuscripts and music •

• • • •

•

• •

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78: Regulations and other papers concerning Pomeranian customs, particulars of customs stations, seventeenth century, and particulars on duty-free goods, 1716–1717. 79: Documents relating to Sweden’s coinage, 1448–1708. 81: Papers concerning Swedish trade, 1637–1713, and Dutch sh trade and navigation. 82–84: Trade and manufacturing ordinances for Sweden and parts of the Baltic provinces (such as Riga), 1547–1717. 91, 92: Sundry papers relating to the Öresund navigation toll, including ordinances concerning Swedish ships passing through the Sound, 1680. 259–273: Documents relating to Stockholm, for instance concerning buildings and urban development, harbours and maritime buildings, and guilds, sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. 303: Sundry papers relating to Gotland trade, seventeenth century. 317–319: Documents relating to the Baltic provinces, including Reval (Tallinn), Ivangorod, Novgorod, Nyen, Riga, Dorpat (Tartu) and Arensburg, and sundry papers relating to trade.

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish) (1935). Visually attractive Volume 445 contains a nautical chart of the Stockholm archipelago.

Westin Manuscript Collection Record group Westin Manuscript Collection Westinska handskriftssamlingen Reference code : not applicable Period : 1500–1800 Extent : 1861 items Abstract The Westin Manuscript Collection, assembled by Jacob Westin (1810–1880), chiefly concerns biography and topography, with special emphasis on Stockholm.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1620–1793 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

The collection is arranged by subject headings, such as Swedish history (nos. 203–338), Law (425–488), Biography (785–1000a), and Topography with particulars on Swedish towns (1001–1789). Relevant documents under the heading Trade and industries (339–424) include the following: •

• • • • •

341–345 Documents relating to Swedish mining and metal manufacturing, seventeenth–eighteenth centuries, with no. 345 including a stamp book for the Great Metal Scales in Stockholm, 1777. 349: Salt Ofce papers, relating to the salt trade, 1750s–1760s. 351–353: Resolutions and letters patent concerning Sweden’s trade and industries, sixteenth–nineteenth centuries. 356: Documents relating to Sweden’s foreign trade, 1620–1793. 359: Export figures from Gävle, Norrköping and Västervik, 1784, 1785. 366–424: Documents relating to various craft guilds (such as tanners and shoemakers), mainly in Stockholm, seventeenth–nineteenth centuries.

Accessibility Inventory published in: Å. Davidsson, Katalog över Westinska handskriftssamlingen i Uppsala universitetsbibliotek (Uppsala, 1989). Custodial history Jacob Westin acquired most of the documents in his collection at auctions, from antiquarian book dealers and from other collectors. Some of the material consists of state papers weeded out, for instance from the National Archives in Stockholm (such as the archives of the Svea Court of Appeal and the Kammararkivet). The manuscript collection and Westin’s large library were transferred to the Uppsala University library in 1881.

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REGIONAL ARCHIVES IN VADSTENA Landsarkivet i Vadstena Vadstena www.ra.se/vala

Customs House in Kalmar Record group Customs House in Kalmar Tullkammaren i Kalmar Reference code : SE/VALA/00682 Period : 1718–1960 Extent : 25 metres Abstract The records of the custom house in Kalmar (southeast Sweden) consist of minutes, journals (for example of ships leaving or entering Kalmar harbour), correspondence (for example about customs) and accounts. All materials date from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, except for some incoming papers dating from 1736 onward. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1718–1830 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

The only series containing records dating from before the nineteenth century are the following. They include a few letters concerning customs of foreign goods and Swedish products that were sent abroad, and also contain information about ships entering or leaving Kalmar harbour. • •

C I: Diaries of incoming letters, with volume C I:1 covering the years 1718–1729. E: Incoming letters, with the volumes numbered E:1 covering the years 1736–1830.

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Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance “Customs house” (Tullkammaren) was the name of the customs administration in Swedish staple towns and the place where the clearance of incoming and outgoing merchandise was handled.

Customs House in Norrköping Record group Customs House in Norrköping Tullkammaren i Norrköping Reference code : SE/VALA/00689 Period : 1658–1981 Extent : 75 metres Abstract The materials consist of the records of the customs house in Norrköping and of the Barösunds Sea Toll Chamber. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1658–1830 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

Relevant series include the following: •

• • •

1–12: Outgoing letters of the Barösund Sea Toll Chamber concerning the Barösund toll and Swedish and foreign ships entering Barösund, 1726–1830. 19, 108: Ordinances and customs tariffs, 1658–1805 and 1770–1830 respectively. 25: Great sea toll tariffs, 1782. 59–95: Incoming ordinances and letters at the customs house in Norrköping from the Crown, sea toll courts, customs ofcers, private persons (such as traders, owners of mines and skippers), for example concerning

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sailors, vessels and their goods and applications for exemption from duties, 1719–1830. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish). Record creator / provenance “Customs house” (tullkammaren) was the name of the customs administration in Swedish staple towns and the place where the clearance of incoming and outgoing merchandise was handled. The Barösund Sea Toll Chamber was located in the archipelago near Norrköping, close to the open sea. To prevent smuggling, according to the customs statute of 1636, customs had to be paid at Barösund before ships entered the harbours of Norrköping or Söderköping. Visually attractive No. A236 contains a plan of the Barösund Sea Toll Chamber, 1771.

Customs House in Västervik Record group Customs House in Västervik Tullkammaren i Västervik Reference code : SE/VALA/00697 Period : 1669–1973 Extent : 24 metres Abstract The materials comprise of records of the customs house in Västervik (opposite the island of Gotland) and include minutes, journals, correspondence (for example about customs) and accounts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1669–1973 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

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Relevant series include the following: • •

D IIa: Skeppslistor (registers of shipping), with information on the ships’ name, origin, capacity and owner, 1741–1972 (8 volumes). E: Incoming records, including letters from customs ofcers, traders and skippers concerning foreign sailors, vessels and commodities, 1669–1973 (42 volumes for the period 1669–1799).

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish). Record creator / provenance “Custom house” (tullkammaren) was the name of the customs administration in the Swedish staple towns and the place where the clearance of incoming and outgoing merchandise was handled.

Hoppenstedt Archives Record group Hoppenstedt Archives Hoppenstedtska arkivet Reference code : SE/VALA/00614 Period : 1734–1777 Extent : 47 volumes Abstract These archives contain documents regarding the business activities of Baltzar Georg Hoppenstedt (1718–1762), as well as documents concerning his brother, Caspar Didric Hoppenstedt (1719–1769). The papers consist mainly of business correspondence and accounts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1736–1762 : Denmark, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands : Dutch, High German, Swedish

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Relevant papers include the following: • •

•

B: Draft documents, including replies to incoming letters (in series E I), 1736–1757 (3 volumes). E I: Incoming letters, including correspondence (mostly in German and Dutch) from merchants in towns like Gdansk, Lübeck, Hamburg, Amsterdam, Riga, Stralsund, Rostock, Wismar, Copenhagen and Rotterdam, 1737–1762 (22 volumes). G I: Accounts of Swedish and foreign merchants 1741–1761 (6 volumes), with volume G I: 2 containing specications of Swedish and foreign ships entering and leaving Kalmar harbour, and their cargoes and dues, 1753–1760.

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by W. Pursche (1999); also available at: www. nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance Baltzar Georg Hoppenstedt founded the Flerohopps ironworks. He also owned a tobacco factory and ran a bricks factory and a tannery in Kalmar. Furthermore, he owned the ship Gerssen. Custodial history These papers were formerly part of the archives of the Kalmar town court and town administration (Magistrat). Some items are registered in the inventories of both the Hoppenstedt Archives and the Kalmar town court and town administration. Related materials •

Kalmar Town Court and Town Administration (Kalmar Rådhusrätt och magistrat, reference code: SE/VALA/01674).

Publications •

Pursche, W., “Det Hoppenstedtska arkivet: en presentation”, in: Släkt och hävd (2001), pp. 232–253.

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Jönköping Town Court and Town Administration Record group Jönköping Town Court and Town Administration Jönköpings rådhusrätt och magistrat Reference code : SE/VALA/01665 Period : 1284–1970 Extent : 382 metres Abstract This record group contains the records concerning the central administration of the town of Jönköping. It mainly includes minutes of the meetings of the town administration (Magistraten), judgement books from the town court (Rådhusrätt), legal correspondence and accounts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1284–1929 : Denmark, Sweden, various countries : Swedish

There are a few series that include information concerning trade. Of particular relevance are the following: Series A I includes Tänkeböcker, 1456–1609 (4 volumes), and series A IIa Domböcker (judgement books), 1548–1957 (566 volumes). The latter series comprises judgement books and minutes from the town court (Magistratsprotokoll), 1744–1849, which are bound together. The judgement books contain records of civil and criminal proceedings, which include cases concerning trade-related subjects. The minutes contain information about a variety of subjects regarding the town, such as town planning, harbours, shipyards, trade and merchants. Series E II a–c consists of incoming documents, privileges and resolutions (Inkomna handlingar), 1284–1929 (16 volumes). These include letters to the central administration from authorities, private persons, etc., and privileges granted by king and council. Accessibility Inventory; also available online at: www.nad.ra.se.

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Record creator / provenance Jönköping, situated on lake Vättern, is rst mentioned in the sources around 1270. Before the peace of Roskilde was settled in 1658 (when the provinces of Skåne, Blekinge and Halland became Swedish), Jönköping was of strategical importance in the export of animal products, being close to the Danish border. The town became a staple town in the seventeenth century. The town administration (Magistraten), introduced in Sweden and Finland according to German principles in the seventeenth century, was the governing body in towns that had their own jurisdiction. It consisted of a mayor and a council. The town administration also served as the national administrative authority within the town and furthermore functioned as a common court. In this latter capacity it was referred to as rådhusrätt or rådstuvurätt. This form of town administration was abolished in Sweden in 1965; the last rådhusrätt courts disappeared in 1971. Related materials •

National Board of Trade (Kommerskollegium), Advokatskalen, series D (reference code: SE/RA/420132); including copies of cases dealt with by the Jönköping town court, 1744–1845 (23 volumes).

Publications •

Sallnäs, B. (ed.), Jönköpings stads historia, 2 Vols. (Jönköping, 1963– 1965).

Kalmar Town Court and Town Administration Record group Kalmar Town Court and Town Administration Kalmar rådhusrätt och magistrat Reference code : SE/VALA/01674 Period : 1381–1830 Extent : 82 metres Abstract These archives comprise documents of the central administration of the coastal town of Kalmar. They contain the minutes of the town administration (Magistraten) meetings and town court (Rådhusrätt) proceedings from 1614 onwards, consisting mainly of judgement books, legal correspondence and

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accounts. The record group also includes papers referred to as the Kalmar town archives (Kalmar stadsarkiv), which contain older records connected to the town administration. The materials also include records from the trade guild and the board of the shipyard in Kalmar (Handelsgillet och varvsdirektionen i Kalmar). Relevant contents Period Countries involved

Languages

: 1381–1830 : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

Relevant series include the following: A Ia: Domböcker (judgement books), (1381–) 1614–1831 (204 volumes). This series comprises judgement books and minutes from the town court over the period 1614–1831, which contain records of civil and criminal proceedings. Some of the cases deal with trade-related subjects. (The judgement books for the period 1381–1530 are available in a copy from 1768, found in volume A Ia:1). A V: Magistratsprotokoll (minutes of council meetings), 1764–1830 (64 volumes). The minutes of council meetings contain information about all kinds of subjects relating to the town, for example town planning, harbours and shipyards, trade and merchants. B I: Koncept (drafts), 1764–1830 (85 volumes). This series comprises drafts of outgoing letters. E II: Inkomna skrivelser (incoming letters), 1664–1812 (79 volumes). This series consists of letters to the central administration received from other authorities, private persons, etc. I: Kalmar stadsarkiv (Kalmar town archives) (42 volumes). Relevant materials in this sub-collection include the following items: •

I:17: Minutes and letters to the trade guild in Kalmar, with information about domestic and foreign trade, 1751–1773, also including documents concerning the sailors’ house in Kalmar, 1771.

regional archives in vadstena •

•

•

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I:35: Incoming letters to Kalmar’s sailors’ house from Swedish sailors and skippers, containing information on the sailors’ name, age, place of birth and name of the vessel they worked on 1755–1790. I:36: Records concerning the maritime customs court, including letters, verications and customs journals regarding Swedish and foreign skippers and their vessels, goods and destinations (towns in the Baltic Sea and other regions, such as Holland), 1629, 1694, 1721, 1725–1728, 1731. I:39: Specications of arrived and departed foreign and domestic vessels, with information about destinations, skippers and merchandise, 1654–1773.

Handelsgillet och varvsdirektionen i Kalmar (trade guild and the board of the shipyard in Kalmar), 1746–1807. These records include the following relevant items: • • • •

4099–4103: Minutes and correspondence, 1748–1800. 4106: Inventory of traders in Kalmar, 1774. 4116: Records pertaining to the shipyard, including minutes and correspondence 1764–1774. 4119: Records pertaining to customs, for instance customs accounts, 1728, and inventories of vessels 1760–1763.

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance Founded around 1200, Kalmar was an important commercial centre and, being close to the Swedish-Danish border, also served as a frontier town until 1658. From 1636 onward, Kalmar was one of the seven towns in Sweden with full staple rights. The town administration (Magistraten), introduced in Sweden and Finland according to German principles in the seventeenth century, was the governing body in towns that had their own jurisdiction. It consisted of a mayor and a council. The town administration also served as the national administrative authority within the town and furthermore functioned as a common court. In this latter capacity it was referred to as rådhusrätt or rådstuvurätt. This from of town administration was abolished in Sweden in 1965; the last rådhusrätt courts disappeared in 1971.

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Related materials • • •

•

Hoppenstedt Archives (Hoppenstedtska arkivet, reference code: SE/ VALA/00614). Sailors’ House in Kalmar (Sjömanshuset i Kalmar, reference code: SE/ VALA/00666). National Board of Trade (Kommerskollegium, reference code: SE/RA/ 420132), Advokatskalen, series D, containing copies of cases of the Kalmar town court (1674–1847), relating to domestic and foreign trade, and copies of the minutes of the sea toll court (1772–1847). Göta Court of Appeal (Göta hovrätt) in Jönköping, containing copies of Kalmar town court judgement books and minutes (see: www.gotahovratt. dom.se/arkiv).

Publications •

Kalmar stads historia, 3 Vols. (Kalmar, 1979–1984).

Norrköping Town Court and Town Administration Record group Norrköping Town Court and Town Administration Norrköpings rådhusrätt och magistrat Reference code : SE/VALA/01697 Period : 1384–1970 Extent : 556 metres Abstract These archives contain documents concerning the central administration of the coastal town of Norrköping. They include minutes of the meetings of the town administration (Magistraten) and the town court (Rådhusrätt). The papers consist mainly of judgement books, legal correspondence and accounts. The archives also include the records referred to as the Norrköping town archives (Norrköpings stadsarkiv), which comprises older records related to the town administration. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1450–1800 : Sweden, various countries : Latin, Swedish

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Relevant series and items in the main archives include the following: •

•

•

• •

•

A Ia: Domböcker (Judgements books), 1709–1849 (113 volumes). This series comprises judgements books and minutes of the town court, which contain records of civil and criminal proceedings. Some of the cases deal with trade-related subjects. A IVaa–ac: Magistratens allmänna protokoll (Minutes of council meetings), 1742–1900. These records consist of the minutes of council meetings and contain information about all kinds of subjects concerning the town, for example town planning, harbours and shipyards, trade and merchants. B I: Koncept (Drafts), 1709–1960. This series consists of drafts of outgoing letters, with every volume covering one year. E I: Privilegiesamlingen (collection of charters), 1348–1720 (11 volumes). E II: Kungliga brev och resolutioner (Royal ordinances and resolutions) 1485–1897 (7 volumes). Some of the resolutions deal with trade and concern for example Royal ordinances for the trade guild in Norrköping (1620) and ordinances for traders in Norrköping (1622, 1666). L IIc: Plan of the Norrköping harbour, with the Iron scale and surrounding buildings, 1778.

The records referred to as the Norrköping town archives (Norrköpings stadsarkiv) include the following relevant series: • •

IIIb: Accounts concerning the Great Sea Toll (toll on foreign trade), 1771 (1 volume). V: Records (daybook and correspondence) about the building of the iron scale in Norrköping, 1793–1796 (1 volume).

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish) (1984). Record creator / provenance Norrköping was probably founded at the beginning of the fourteenth century. From around 1550 until the seventeenth century the town was important for the Swedish arms industry. After the decline of this industry (from the mid-seventeenth century) the town became a centre for textile industry

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and drapery goods. From the sixteenth century, the town also served as an important port for the export of iron from the works in the region. From 1636 onward, Norrköping was one of the seven towns in Sweden with full staple rights. The town administration (Magistraten), introduced in Sweden and Finland according to German principles in the seventeenth century, was the governing body in towns that had their own jurisdiction. It consisted of a mayor and a council. The town administration also served as the national administrative authority within the town and furthermore functioned as a common court. In this latter capacity it was referred to as rådhusrätt or rådstuvurätt. This from of town administration was abolished in Sweden in 1965; the last rådhusrätt courts disappeared in 1971. Visually attractive Volume L IIc: 1A contains a drawing of the Norrköping harbour in 1778. Related materials •

•

National Board of Trade (Kommerskollegium, reference code: SE/ RA/420132), Advokatskalen, series D, including copies of cases in the Norrköping town court (1747–1844) relating to domestic and foreign trade. Göta Court of Appeal (Göta hovrätt), in Jönköping, including copies of judgements books and minutes of the Norrköping town court (see: www.gotahovratt.dom.se/arkiv).

Publications •

Sjöstaden Norrköping: Skeppare gillet & Skeppare societeten 1641–1991 (Norrköping, 1991).

Sailors’ House in Kalmar Record group Sailors’ House in Kalmar Sjömanshuset i Kalmar Reference code : SE/VALA/00666 Period : 1753–1969 Extent : 60 metres

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Abstract The archives include registers (such as muster and sailors’ rolls), minutes, copies of letters, other correspondence and papers regarding nances. Most of the records date from the twentieth century. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1753–1825 : Germany, Sweden, various countries : Swedish

There are only a few relevant records: •

•

A I:1–2: Minutes, including information about, above all, Swedish seamen and vessels, and occasionally about foreign trade and seamen (many vessels from Kalmar had German skippers), 1753–1757 and 1799–1825. D IIa:1: Register, mostly listing Swedish seamen in Kalmar, 1788– 1848.

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by L. Nilsson (1963); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance Sailors’ houses were founded in order to supply sufcient labour to the merchant marine, to create a better control of the hiring system and working conditions, and to improve the social security of the mariners. Its duties included: registration of seafarers, providing support for retired sailors and payment of compensation to those whose health had been impaired at sea. Any native shipowner and rm of shipowners had to cooperate with a sailors’ house and pay certain charges to it, depending on the capacity of the ship (lästpenningar) and the hire of the crew (sjömanshusavgiften). In 1748, the Swedish government decided to set up the rst Swedish sailors’ house in Stockholm, which all staple towns of the Swedish kingdom had to join. From the year 1752 onward, staple towns were allowed to have their own sailors’ houses and in the second part of the eighteenth century many of the staple towns organised their own sailors’ houses. The sailors’ house in Kalmar was founded in 1753. Founded around 1200, Kalmar became an important commercial centre and before 1658 functioned as a frontier town (being close to the Swedish-

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Danish border). It also had a central position for vessels sailing between Sweden and the Swedish provinces in the Baltic states and Germany. From 1636 onward, Kalmar was one of the seven towns in Sweden with full staple rights. Custodial history Most of the records dating from before 1800 were probably destroyed in the big re in Kalmar in the year 1800. Related materials •

Kalmar Town Court and Town Administration 1600–1830 (Kalmar rådhusrätts och magistrat 1600–1830, reference code: SE/VALA/01674), volumes I:17 and I:35.

Publications • •

Hofrén, M., Sjöfart och sjömanshus i Kalmar: en historik med anledning av Sjömanshusets i Kalmar 200–årsminne (Kalmar, 1954). Revborn, L., Sjömanshus i ost. Allmänt om sjömanshusen, bakgrund, tillkomst och verksamhet samt en orientering om sjömanshusen i östra Sverige (Karlskrona, 1997).

Sailors’ House in Norrköping Record group Sailors’ House in Norrköping Sjömanshuset i Norrköping Reference code : SE/VALA/00667 Period : 1746–1973 Extent : 22 metres Abstract The archives include registers (such as muster and sailors’ rolls), minutes and copies of outgoing letters, other correspondence and records regarding nances. Most of the records date from the twentieth century.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1746–1800 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

Two series are relevant: • •

A I: Protokoll (minutes), often dealing with Swedish seamen and vessels, 1746–1973. G I:1–15: Huvudböcker (general ledgers), providing information on the activities of the merchant marine of Norrköping, 1746–1961.

Records from the relief fund for poor seamen and the skippers’ guild in Norrköping from the period 1746–1754 are bound together with the records from the sailors’ house. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by A. Brattander (1971). Record creator / provenance Sailors’ houses were founded in order to supply sufcient labour to the merchant marine, to create a better control of the hiring system and working conditions, and to improve the social security of the mariners. Its duties included: registration of seafarers, providing support for retired sailors and payment of compensation to those whose health had been impaired at sea. Any native shipowner and rm of shipowners had to cooperate with a sailors’ house and pay certain charges to it, depending on the capacity of the ship (lästpenningar) and the hire of the crew (sjömanshusavgiften). In 1748, the Swedish government decided to set up the rst Swedish sailors’ house in Stockholm, which all staple towns of the Swedish kingdom had to join. From the year 1752 onward, staple towns were allowed to have their own sailors’ houses and in the second part of the eighteenth century many of the staple towns organised their own sailors’ houses. The sailors’ house in Norrköping was founded in 1754, succeeding the relief fund for the poor seamen and the skippers’ guild in Norrköping. Norrköping was probably founded at the beginning of the fourteenth century. From the mid-sixteenth to the late seventeenth century, the town was important for the Swedish arms industry. After the decline of this industry (from the mid-seventeenth century), it became a centre for textile industry and drapery goods. From the sixteenth century, Norrköping was also an important harbour for export of iron from the works in the region.

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From 1636 onward, it was one of the seven towns in Sweden with full staple rights. Publications •

Revborn, L., Sjömanshus i ost. Allmänt om sjömanshusen, bakgrund, tillkomst och verksamhet samt en orientering om sjömanshusen i östra Sverige (Karlskrona, 1997).

Sailors’ House in Västervik Record group Sailors’ House in Västervik Sjömanshuset i Västervik Reference code : SE/VALA/00671 Period : 1753–1961 Extent : 17 metres Abstract The archives include registers (such as muster and sailors’ rolls), minutes and copies of outgoing letters, correspondence, and records regarding nances. Most of the records date from the twentieth century. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1753–1888 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

Two series are relevant with regards to the Baltic Sea trade before 1800: A: Minutes, 1753–1888 (3 volumes). The minutes of the management of the sailors’ house may contain information about foreign trade and salesmen, but most of the information in the minutes concern relief for poor seamen and seamen’s widows and the administration of the sailors’ house. D IIa: Ledgers, 1758–1921. Mentioned in the ledgers are the seamen belonging to the sailors’ house in Västervik with biographical information. These are mostly Swedish seamen,

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but some foreign seamen working on Swedish vessels are listed too. For the period 1758–1826, the ledgers are found in the Västervik town court and town administration archives (series GVf ). Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by K. Berg (1969) and C. Gustafsson (1972); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance Sailors’ houses were founded in order to supply sufcient labour to the merchant marine, to create a better control of the hiring system and working conditions, and to improve the social security of the mariners. Its duties included: registration of seafarers, providing support for retired sailors and payment of compensation to those whose health had been impaired at sea. Any native shipowner and rm of shipowners had to cooperate with a sailors’ house and pay certain charges to it, depending on the capacity of the ship (lästpenningar) and the hire of the crew (sjömanshusavgiften). In 1748, the Swedish government decided to set up the rst Swedish sailors’ house in Stockholm, which all staple towns of the Swedish kingdom had to join. From the year 1752 onward, staple towns were allowed to have their own sailors’ houses and in the second part of the eighteenth century many of the staple towns organised their own sailors’ houses. The Sailors’ house in Västervik was founded in 1753. Västervik is rst mentioned in sources in 1275. In 1548 a shipyard was established by King Gustav I. The town became an important staple town in the seventeenth century and got full staple rights in 1636. Related materials •

Västervik Town Court and Town Administration, series GVf (Västerviks rådhusrätt och magistrat, reference code: SE/VALA/01725).

Publications •

•

Revborn, L., Sjömanshus i ost. Allmänt om sjömanshusen, bakgrund, tillkomst och verksamhet samt en orientering om sjömanshusen i östra Sverige (Karlskrona, 1997). Sjöfolk, “Sjömanshusdatabas” (Sollefteå, 2003), on CD-Rom.

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Söderköping Town Court and Town Administration

Record group Söderköping Town Court and Town Administration Söderköpings rådhusrätt och magistrat Reference code : SE/VALA/01710 Period : 1561–1946 Extent : 80 metres Abstract These archives comprise documents of the central administration of the coastal town of Söderköping. They chiey contain minutes of the meetings of the town administration or Council (Magistraten), judgement books of the town court (Rådhusrätt), legal correspondence and accounts. Also included are minutes of the sea toll court. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1517–1940 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

Relevant series include the following: A Ia: Tänkeböcker, 1517–1613 (5 volumes). This series consists of the minutes of council meetings and contains records of civil and criminal proceedings, by-laws, minutes of administrative transactions, edicts by the Crown, entries concerning divisions and purchases of property and various other notes. A Ib: Domböcker och magistratsprotokoll ( judgement books and minutes of council meetings), 1596–1940 (206 volumes). The judgement books (1596–1940) contain records of civil and criminal proceedings. Some of the cases deal with trade-related subjects. The minutes of the council meetings (1676–1940) contain information about all kinds of subjects relating to the town, for example town planning, harbours and shipyards, trade and merchants.

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A XIII: Sjötullrättsprotokoll (minutes of the sea toll court), 1754–1755 (1 volume). The sea toll courts tried all kinds of smuggling cases and customs offences. If a smuggler was caught, he was sentenced by the sea toll court to pay a ne, and the goods were sold on auction in favour of the Crown and the denouncer. Therefore, the minutes contain information about smugglers (seamen or others, for example peasants) and their goods. B: Koncept (drafts), 1707–1855 (28 volumes). This series includes drafts of outgoing letters (1707–1800, vols. B:1–25), of reports about business and commerce in Söderköping (1744–1855, vols. B:63–64), and of ships’ passports. These passes were issued by the National Board of Trade on the basis of documentation from the staple towns and they registered the vessels’ Swedish origin. The passes contain particulars on the shipowner, master, type of ship and home port (volume B:65). F XII. This series contains records about illegal tar trade (1643-eighteenth century, vol. F XII:4) and records about the tolag and incoming goods (1663), and reports and correspondence concerning the toll and the tolag (mid-seventeenth century-1851, vol. F XII:5). The tolag was a customs duty paid for all import and export goods in the Swedish kingdom, a certain percentage of the cargo’s value that was debited to the town treasury. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish). Record creator / provenance Probably founded in the early thirteenth century, during the middle ages Söderköping was an important seaport with close contacts with the Hanseatic League. During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Söderköping lost its importance and instead Norrköping became the leading seaport in the region. Söderköping had full staple rights from 1636 to 1832 (except for the period 1723–1727). The town administration (Magistraten), introduced in Sweden and Finland according to German principles in the seventeenth century, was the governing body in towns that had their own jurisdiction. It consisted of a mayor and a council. The town administration also served as the national administrative authority within the town and furthermore functioned as a common court. In this latter capacity it was referred to as rådhusrätt or

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rådstuvurätt. This from of town administration was abolished in Sweden in 1965; the last rådhusrätt courts disappeared in 1971. Related materials •

National Board of Trade (Kommerskollegium, reference code: SE/RA/ 420132), Advokatskalen, series D, comprising copies of cases in the Söderköping town court (1762–1846), relating to domestic and foreign trade, and copies of the minutes of the sea toll court (1757–1827).

Sea Toll Court in Norrköping Record group Sea Toll Court in Norrköping Sjötullrätten i Norrköping Reference code : SE/VALA/01702 Period : 1725–1831 Extent : 10 volumes, 1 metre Abstract The archives consists of the minutes of the sea toll court with appendices. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1725–1831 : Sweden, various countries : High German, Swedish

As the sea toll court (Sjötullrätten) was a special tribunal for customs proceedings, the archives contain documents relating to customs duties and smuggling. The appendices may include memoranda and letters of foreign skippers and sailors and concern ships and their cargoes. Most of the documents are in Swedish but some are in German. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish).

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Record creator / provenance The sea toll court (Sjötullrätten) was a special tribunal for customs proceedings in staple towns. In 1831 this jurisdiction passed to the district or town court (Rådhusrätten). Copies Copies of proceedings of the sea toll court were sent to the Board of Trade and, consequently, are now to be found in the Board’s archives (see under “Related materials”). Related materials •

National Board of Trade (Kommerskollegium, reference code: SE/RA/ 420132), Advokatskalen, series D, including copies of the minutes of the sea toll court (1718–1826).

Sea Toll Court in Västervik Record group Sea Toll Court in Västervik Sjötullrätten i Västervik Reference code : SE/VALA/01740 Period : 1684–1831 Extent : 16 volumes, 1 metre Abstract The archives comprise the minutes of the sea toll court with appendices. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1684–1831 : Sweden, various countries : High German, Swedish

As the sea toll court (Sjötullrätten) was a special tribunal for customs proceedings, the archives contain documents relating to customs duties and smuggling. The appendices may include memoranda and letters of foreign skippers and sailors and concern ships and their cargoes. Most of the documents are in Swedish but some are in German.

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Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance The sea toll court (Sjötullrätten) was a special tribunal for customs proceedings in Swedish staple towns. In 1831 this jurisdiction passed to the district or town court (Rådhusrätten). Copies Copies of proceedings of the sea toll court were sent to the Board of Trade and, consequently, are now to be found in the Board’s archives (see under “Related materials”). Related materials •

National Board of Trade (Kommerskollegium, reference code: SE/RA/ 420132), Advokatskalen, series D, including copies of the minutes of the sea toll court (1718–1843).

Västervik Town Court and Town Administration Record group Västervik Town Court and Town Administration Västerviks rådhusrätt och magistrat Reference code : SE/VALA/01725 Period : 1421–1959 Extent : 200 metres Abstract These archives contain documents concerning the central administration of the coastal town of Västervik (opposite the island of Gotland). The records include minutes of meetings of the town administration or town council (Magistraten) as well as judgement books from the town court (Rådhusrätt), legal correspondence and accounts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1421–1959 : Sweden, the Netherlands, various countries : Swedish

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Relevant series include the following: AIa: Domböcker ( judgements books), 1635–1920 (in 228 volumes). This series comprises judgements books and minutes from the town court containing records of civil and criminal proceedings. Some of the cases deal with trade-related subjects. AV: Magistratsprotokoll (minutes of council meetings), 1716–1959. These minutes (for the years 1716–1822 bound together with the judgements books) contain information about all kinds of subjects in the town, for example town planning, harbours and shipyards, trade and merchants. E I: Skrivelser från Kungl. Maj:t angående Privilegier (privileges granted by the King in Council), 1421–1904 (3 volumes). This series consists of privileges granted to the town of Västervik. E II: Inkomna handlingar (incoming records), 1654–1944 (175 volumes). These records include letters to the central town administration from various authorities, private persons, etc., and contain for example specications from 1675 on Dutch carpenters in Västervik’s ship company (volume E II:2) and registers on sailors in Västervik in the years 1701–1702 (volume E II:7). GVf: Handlingar rörande sjöfarten (records concerning shipping) 1681–1839 (6 volumes). Included are for example inventories of ships belonging to Västervik, 1680 (volume GVf:1) and registers on (mostly Swedish) sailors in Västervik with biographical information, 1748–1808 (volume GVf:3). Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance Västervik was rst mentioned in sources in 1275. King Gustav I established a shipyard in 1548 and during the seventeenth century the town became an important staple town (with full staple rights from 1636 onward) exporting iron from the works in the region and also timber. In the eighteenth century several manufactories were established. The town administration (Magistraten), introduced in Sweden and Finland according to German principles in the seventeenth century, was the governing body in towns that had their own jurisdiction. It consisted of a mayor and a council. The town administration also served as the national

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administrative authority within the town and furthermore functioned as a common court. In this latter capacity it was referred to as rådhusrätt or rådstuvurätt. This from of town administration was abolished in Sweden in 1965; the last rådhusrätt courts disappeared in 1971. Related materials •

National Board of Trade (Kommerskollegium, reference code: SE/RA/ 420132), National Archives, with series D, Advokatskalen, including copies of cases in the Västervik town court (1772–1843) relating to domestic and foreign trade.

REGIONAL ARCHIVES IN VISBY Landsarkivet i Visby Visby www.ra.se/vila

Gotland County Administrative Board, County Chancellery Record group Gotland County Administrative Board, County Chancellery Länsstyrelsen i Gotlands län, Landskansliet Reference code : SE/ViLA/20146 Period : 1645–1958 Extent : 250 metres Abstract This record group consists of the administration of the chancellery of the Gotland county administrative board. The material includes incoming and outgoing correspondence, resolutions and appendices to the resolutions.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1783–1899 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

The county chancellery dealt with, among other things, matters concerning Gotland’s role in international and domestic trade and shipping. Series D XXIIIa includes a few volumes of particular interest: • • •

47–51: Documents concerning shipwrecks, 1787–1899. 76–91: Documents concerning trade and industry, 1783–1899. 175–178: Documents concerning shipping and harbours, 1783–1899.

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by T. Siltberg (1979). Record creator / provenance The county administrative board was the supreme (and often the only) national authority within the county and was, essentially, responsible for all national government activity. Until the mid-twentieth century the board was divided into two departments under the responsibility of the county governor: the county chancellery (Landskansliet), headed by a registrar, and the county ofce (Landskontoret), led by an accountant. This division had taken place in the late seventeenth century in response to the growth of the regional administration. The duties of both bodies were further specied in 1752. The county ofce dealt with the general accounts of the county administrative board’s activities (see under “Related materials”). The activities of the county chancellery were of an overarching nature and included the responsibility for urban and public planning in the county, maintenance of public order and prisons and poor relief. Related materials •

Gotland County Administrative Board, County Ofce (Länsstyrelsen i Gotlands län, Landskontoret, reference code: SE/ViLA/20147).

The records of the county administrative board that predate 1645, that is to say from the period when Gotland was Danish, are not kept in Gotland. Some papers can be found in Copenhagen and Stockholm (see Siltberg under “Publications”, pp. 94–95, and also Melefors).

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Publications •

•

•

•

Dannert, L., “Huvuddragen av Gotlands politiska historia [efter 1645]. Förvaltningen och rättsväsendet”, in: Boken om Gotland II (1945), pp. 17–95. Melefors, E. (ed.), Ivar Axelsson Totts räkenskapsbok för Gotland 1485–1487 (Visby, 1991), including the two oldest books concerning the Gotland county administrative board (Länsstyrelsen). Melefors, E., and T. Siltberg, “Sören Norbys räkenskapsbok för Gotland 1523–24”, in: Arkiv på Gotland, Vol. 1, Skriftserie för Landsarkivet i Visby och Gotlands kommunarkiv (Visby, 2003). Siltberg, T., “Presentation av länsstyrelsens i Gotlands län arkiv 1645– 1957/58”, in: S. Körner, T. Siltberg, and T. Sundberg, Arkivforskning på Gotland, Gotlandica nr. 16 (Visby, 1979), pp. 69–124.

Gotland County Administrative Board, County Ofce Record group Gotland County Administrative Board, County Ofce Länsstyrelsen i Gotlands län, Landskontoret Reference code : SE/ViLA/20147 Period : (1652) 1730–1957 Extent : 300 metres Abstract The County Administrative Board (vicegerent of the King in Council) was the supreme (and often the only) national authority for, essentially, all national government activities within the county. Until the mid-twentieth century, it was divided, under the authority of the County Governor, into two departments: the County Secretariat (Landskansliet) and the County Ofce (Landskontoret). The County Ofce managed the general accounts of activities of the County Administrative Board and the collection of national revenue (taxes etc.). Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1652–1800 : Sweden : Swedish

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The main County Ofce series are: • • • • •

A Ib: Draft correspondence, 1730–1957. D I: Incoming letters, 1686–1957. D II: Transactions pending, 1730–1860. E Ia: Landsbok (county summaries of Crown revenue and expenditure), 1652–1917. E Ib: Verications, 1717–1871.

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by T. Siltberg (1979). Record creator / provenance Starting in 1615, the bailiffs ( fogde) were gradually made accountable for their revenue collection and accounting records to the royal governors (ståthållare), whereas previously they had been directly accountable to the King in Council in Stockholm. The county ofces came into existence together with the accounting services that were established for this purpose, on the premises of the royal governors and subsequently (from 1635 onwards) with the county governors. These accountants reported directly to the county governor and had no powers of their own. Together with the county governor, they were to take charge of the revenue collection system, i.e. delivery to the Crown of taxes and imposts, and also of Crown property. The term “county ofce” (landskontor) was rst used in the late seventeenth century, when, in response to the growth of the regional administration, the duties of the county administrative board were divided between a county ofce headed by the accountant and a county secretariat headed by a secretary. There was no clear allocation of duties between them, but the tasks of the accountant were limited by standing instructions (bokhållarinstruktionen), the rst of which were already issued in 1628. During the eighteenth century the designation “accountant” (bokhållare) was superseded by that of “county treasurer” (landskamrerare), and in 1752 a clear division of responsibilities was nally established between the ofce and the secretariat. The activities of the County Secretariat were of an overarching nature, and it was in general charge of urban and public planning. The tasks of the ofce were now concentrated on accountancy and military matters (other than the mustering and recruitment of troops).

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Related materials •

Gotland County Administrative Board, County Secretariat (Länsstyrelsen i Gotlands län, Landskontoret, reference code: SE/ViLA/ 20146).

Publications The two oldest account books pertaining to the Gotland County Administrative Board (Länsstyrelsen) and with information about trade and shipping are published in facsimile, with transcriptions and comments: • •

Axelsson, Ivar, Totts räkenskapsbok för Gotland 1485–1487, ed. E. Melefors (Visby, 1991). “Sören Norbys räkenskapsbok för Gotland 1523–24”, ed. Evert Melefors and T. Siltberg, in: Arkiv på Gotland 1. Skriftserie för Landsarkivet i Visby och Gotlands kommunarkiv (Visby, 2003).

Other publications: •

•

•

Dannert, L., “Huvuddragen av Gotlands politiska historia [efter 1645]. Förvaltningen och rättsväsendet”, in: Boken om Gotland, Vol. II (1945), pp. 17–95. Siltberg, T., “Presentation av länsstyrelsens i Gotlands län arkiv 1645– 1957/58”, in: S. Körner, T. Siltberg and T. Sundberg, Arkivforskning på Gotland, Gotlandica, 16 (Visby, 1979), pp. 69–124. Sörndal, O., Den svenska länsstyrelsen. Uppkomst, organisation och allmänna maktställning (Lund, 1937).

Gotland “Lagman” Court Record group Gotland “Lagman” Court Gotlands Lagmansrätt Reference code : SE/ViLA/20088 Period : 1690–1849 Extent : 168 volumes

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Abstract These archives contain the records of the Lagmansrätt court, e.g. juridical records and supporting documents. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1690–1849 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

As the Lagmansrätt was the court of second instance for certain causes (civil, not criminal) involving the Gotland countryside and this region included several ports with international shipping links, the proceedings may accordingly deal with shipping matters and related topics. The biggest and most important series are: • •

A I: Court records (records of judgement), 1690–1849. B: Transactions, 1700–1849.

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish).

Gotland North Hundred Court Record group Gotland North Hundred Court Häradsrätten i Gotlands norra härad Reference code : SE/ViLA/20056 Period : 1681–1899 Extent : 78 metres Abstract These archives contain court records from the northern part of the Gotland countryside.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1681–1899 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

The Gotland countryside included several ports with international shipping. Matters related to this shipping may therefore occur in the court records among affairs concerning public order, crime and economic topics. The main series are: • •

A 1 A: Judgement books or court records (main series), 1681–1899. F 1: Files or dossiers.

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish). Copies The judgement books or court records and the estate inventories are available on microche and also online at: www.svar.ra.se. Contemporary copies of some of the judgement books were sent to the Svea Court of Appeal and are now at the Swedish National Archives (Svea Court of Appeal, Svea hovrätts arkiv, reference code: SE/RA/420422). Related materials • •

Gotlands nordertredings Tingslag (reference code: SE/ViLA/20278), containing judgement books or court records from 1645–1681. Gotlands medeltredings Tingslag (reference code: SE/ViLA/20279), containing judgement books or court records from 1645–1681.

Gotland South Hundred Court Record group Gotland South Hundred Court Häradsrätten i Gotlands södra härad Reference code : SE/ViLA/20060 Period : 1681–1899 Extent : 65 metres

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Abstract These archives contain court records from the southern part of the Gotland countryside. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1681–1899 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

The Gotland countryside included several ports with international shipping. Matters related to this shipping may therefore occur in the court records among affairs concerning public order, crime and economic topics. The main series are: • •

A 1 A: Court records (main series), 1681–1899. F 1: Files or dossiers.

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish). Copies The judgement books or court records and the estate inventories are available on microche and also online at: www.svar.ra.se. Contemporary copies of some of the judgement books were sent to the Svea Court of Appeal and are now at the Swedish National Archives (Svea Court of Appeal, Svea hovrätts arkiv, reference code: SE/RA/420422). Related materials • •

Gotlands medeltredings Tingslag (reference code: SE/ViLA/20279), containing judgement books or court records from 1645–1681. Gotlands sudertredings Tingslag (reference code: SE/ViLA/20280) containing judgement books or court records from 1645–1681.

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Kinberg Business Archives Record group Kinberg Business Archives Kinbergska affärsarkivet Reference code : SE/ViLA/11240 Period : (1744) 1774–1835 (1921) Extent : 63 volumes Abstract Lars Kinberg’s business archives contain accounting records and (outgoing) letter books. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1774–1835 : Germany, Latvia, Sweden, various countries : English, High German, Swedish

These mercantile archives deal with Gotland and international trade. Of the accounting records (1774–1823), volumes 5–8 (1795–1823) concern shipping, while volume 19 contains ships’ papers (1760–1835). In addition, the letter books include commercial contracts (volumes 22–35, 1790–1821). Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish), by D. Gadd (1953); also available online at: www. nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance These archives originate from members of the Kinberg family, in particular from the merchant Lars Kinberg, who was born at Visby in 1761 and died in 1833.

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Mathias Lythberg’s Business Archives Record group Mathias Lythberg’s Business Archives Mathias Lythbergs affärsarkiv Reference code : SE/ViLA/11262 Period : 1752–1763 Extent : 1 volume Abstract These archives originate from Mathias Lythberg, who was a business man. They just comprise a letter book. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1752–1763 : Germany, Sweden, various countries : English, High German, Swedish

The book of outgoing letters dates from the years 1752–1763 and reects domestic and international trade on Gotland. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se.

Merchant House of Donner Record group Merchant House of Donner Donners affärsarkiv Reference code : SE/ViLA/11177 Period : 1746–1845 Extent : 141 volumes, 6.3 metres Abstract The archives consist of copies of outgoing letters, incoming letters and accounts of various kinds.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1746–1844 : Denmark, Germany, Latvia, Sweden, various countries : English, High German, Swedish

The archives of this merchant house may serve as supplementary sources to the archives of public authorities. Here, information of those authorities about export and import can be compared with the information of a merchant, since the Donner family dominated the market on Gotland from 1746 to the 1830s. Like most merchant (and harbour) archives, a large part of the record group consists of accounts and bookkeeping, for example: general ledgers (series GIa–GIc, 1777–1825), and cash books (series GII, 1746–1843). The books with copies of letters are an exception and are more of a narrative nature (series BI, 1785–1844). Here, one may nd letters between traders in ports both inside and outside the Baltic Sea and skippers sailing as far as the Mediterranean Sea. Accessibility Inventory, in German, by R. Bohn (1982); also available online at: www. nad.ra.se. A register of 8178 letters in the books with copies of letters (series BI) dating from the period 1785–1844 (with senders and dates) is available online at: www.ra.se/vila/databaser.html. Record creator / provenance The Donner merchant house was founded by Jörgen Heinrich Donner (1717–1751) from Lübeck. It became prosperous under the care of his widow Anna Margaretha Donner, born Lythberg (1726–1774) and was further developed by their two sons. Publications • •

Bohn, R., “Handelshuset Donners arkiv i Landsarkivet i Visby”, in: Gotländskt Arkiv (1983), pp. 31–40. Bohn, R., Das Handelshaus Donner in Visby und der gotländische Aussenhandel im 18. Jahrhundert. Eine Studie zur Handels- und Seefahrtsgeschichte des Ostseeraums im Spätmerkantilismus (Quellen und Darstellungen zur Hansischen Geschichte N.F. 33) (Cologne, Vienna, 1989).

regional archives in visby •

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Bohn, R., “The Lubeck Connection. Handelshuset Donner och den gotländska utrikeshandeln under 1700–talet”, in: Gotländskt Arkiv (1989), pp. 197–210.

Other remarks One of the books with copies of letters (no. BI: 3, dating from 1787–1789) begins with a prayer, a poem in Swedish: Vår handel och correspondens O Herre Gud Du styre så Att vi må handla med avance Och att oss alltid väl må gå Amen (Please rule our merchandise and correspondence O dear Lord So that we can trade at a prot And we will always have good fortune Amen)

Sailors’ House in Visby Record group Sailors’ House in Visby Sjömanshuset i Visby Reference code : SE/ViLA/ 20246 Period : 1753–1961 Extent : 22 metres Abstract The archives include registers (such as muster and sailors’ rolls), minutes, copies of letters, correspondence and papers regarding economics. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1753–1961 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

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The sailors’ house registered ships based in Gotland, as well as their skippers and crews. The materials include documents showing the destinations to which ships sailed in spring and from which they returned in autumn of each year. For each seafarer there are papers listing who sailed with the skipper. The rolls include seamen (Inmönstringsböcker, D I a–d) and, secondly, skippers and ships (Utmönstringsböcker, D III). Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. The information in the sailors’ rolls is available in a database named Sjömansdatabas (Seamen’s database) at: www.svar.ra.se. The researcher needs to pay a subscription charge for access to the database. It is also available on CD-rom (see under “Publications”). Record creator / provenance Sailors’ houses were founded in order to supply sufcient labour to the merchant marine, to create a better control of the hiring system and working conditions, and to improve the social security of the mariners. Its duties included: registration of seafarers, providing support for retired sailors and payment of compensation to those whose health had been impaired at sea. Any native shipowner and rm of shipowners had to cooperate with a sailors’ house and pay certain charges to it, depending on the capacity of the ship (lästpenningar) and the hire of the crew (sjömanshusavgiften). In 1748, the Swedish government decided to set up the rst Swedish sailors’ house in Stockholm, which all staple towns of the Swedish kingdom had to join. From the year 1752 onward, staple towns were allowed to have their own sailors’ houses and in the second part of the eighteenth century many of the staple towns organised their own sailors’ houses. Publications • •

Revborn, L., Sjömanshus i ost (Stockholm, 1997). Sjöfolk, “Sjömanshusdatabas” (Sollefteå, 2003), on CD-rom.

Sea Toll Court in Visby Record group Sea Toll Court in Visby Sjötullrätten i Visby stad

regional archives in visby Reference code Period Extent

2295

: SE/ViLA/20259 : 1690–1831 : 13 volumes, 1 metre

Abstract The archives consist of the minutes and judgement books of the sea toll court. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1690–1831 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

As the sea toll court (Sjötullrätten) was a special tribunal for customs proceedings, the archives contain documents relating to customs duties and smuggling. The materials may also include memoranda and letters of foreign skippers and sailors concerning ships and their cargoes. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance The sea toll court (Sjötullrätten) was a special tribunal for customs proceedings in staple towns. In 1831, this jurisdiction passed to the district or town court (Rådhusrätten). Copies Copies of proceedings of the sea toll court were sent to the Board of Trade and, consequently, are now to be found in the Board’s archives (see under “Related materials”). Related materials •

National Archives, Stockholm: National Board of Trade (Kommerskollegium, reference code: SE/RA/420132), Advokatfiskalen, series D, including copies of the minutes of the sea toll court (1767–1828).

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Town of Visby: Auction Room Record group Town of Visby: Auction Room Staden Visby: Auktionskammaren Reference code : SE/ViLA/20254 Period : 1742–1888 Extent : 4 metres Abstract The archives consist of records of public auctions. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1742–1888 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

The records contain information concerning imports, exports and shipping, including details on shipwrecks in the form of auctions of stranded ships and cargoes. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish).

Town of Visby: Town Elders (the Sixteen) Record group Town of Visby: Town Elders (the Sixteen) Staden Visby: Stadens äldste (sextonmännen) Reference code : SE/ViLA/20260 Period : 1679–1867 (1906) Extent : 0.5 metres Abstract This record group comprises materials deriving from Visby’s Town Elders, who represented the burghers in the Visby town administration.

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Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1679–1867 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

Since the Town Elders handled the economy in Visby (for example the income and expenses of the harbour) and commercial business in general, all papers may concern international and domestic trade in Gotland. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish). Record creator / provenance The Town Elders represented the burghers in the Visby town administration and represented the interests of the mass of the people vis-à-vis the “lords” of the council. The institution was founded in 1531 under the name of Stadt gemenheidt, i.e. the community of the town, and was responsible for the management of its nances. Later the institution was called the Twenty-Four Men. This was changed in the 1650s to the Sixteen Men and later still to the Town Elders. Publications •

•

Dannert, L., “Huvuddragen av Gotlands politiska historia [efter 1645]. Förvaltningen och rättsväsendet”, in: Boken om Gotland, Vol. II (1945), pp. 17–95. Siltberg, T., “Gotlands landskapssigill och äldre judiciella sigill”, in: T. Sundberg (ed.), Landsarkivet i Visby 1905–2005 (Visby, 2005), pp. 277–370.

Visby Cathedral Chapter Record group Visby Cathedral Chapter Domkapitlet i Visby stift Reference code : SE/ViLA/20012 Period : 1586–1975 Extent : 47 metres

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Abstract The archives mainly consist of minutes of proceedings and incoming and outgoing documents. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1438–1973 : Denmark, Sweden : Danish, Latin, Swedish

The archives, in particular the minutes of proceedings, concern all kinds of social matters, including trade and shipping. The early parts of the material are especially relevant with regard to Gotland, for which practically no court records remain from before 1645. The main series are the following: • • • • • • •

A I aa: Minutes of proceedings, 1586–1930. B I: Draft documents and ledgers (main series), 1714–1973. E I: Incoming documents: letters patent and other papers, 1586–1971. E III: Incoming documents: non-Gotland authorities, 1650–1845. E IV: Incoming documents: Gotland authorities 1664–1845. E V: Incoming documents: sundry papers, 1438–1935. F Ia: Visitation documents, 1680–1969.

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. An index on persons and parishes in the Cathedral Chapter’s minutes (series A I aa) for the period 1586–1780 by A. Lundgren is available at the reading room. Record creator / provenance The cathedral chapters handled matters concerning religion and the duties of the clergy. Until the eighteenth century, they also constituted law courts for certain cases related to these matters. Copies The minutes from the years 1586–1861 (series A I aa) are available on microche and also online at: www.svar.ra.se. The incoming documents dating from 1438–1680 (volume E V:1) are available on microlm no. D 61.

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Publications •

Jansson, H., “Visby kapitel under den danska tiden (1586–1645)”, in: Historiska studier tillägnade Professor Harald Hjärne på hans sextioårsdag den 2 maj 1908 af lärjungar (Uppsala, 1908).

Visby Customs House 1, -1879 Record group Visby Customs House 1, -1879 Tullkammaren i Visby 1, -1879 Reference code : SE/ViLA/20286 Period : 1647–1879 Extent : 12 metres Abstract This record group consists of the administration of the Visby customs house. It includes the incoming and outgoing correspondence of the customs house, and its accounts. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1647–1879 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

The customs ofce (Tullkammaren) recorded export and import dues, and especially the customs records (tulljournaler) are relevant with regard to Gotland’s imports and exports. • •

G II: Customs records concerning Visby and Gotland’s rural or provincial harbours with regard to incoming goods, 1650–1879. G VII: Customs records concerning Visby and Gotland’s rural or provincial harbours with regard to outgoing goods, 1647–1879.

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. A database and digitised versions of the customs rolls are currently (2007) being produced by the Regional Archives in Visby as part of the project Gotlands import- och exportdata.

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Related materials Some older customs rolls (the rolls in the Regional Archives in Visby cover only the period from 1647) are kept in the National Archives of Denmark. They cover the years 1616/1617, 1625, 1627/1628–1640/1641 (with the exception of 1630/1631 and 1638/1639) and 1676–1677 (see Siltberg under “Publications”). Publications Bergström, G., and B. Bergström, “Gotländska strandridare”, in: Gotländskt Arkiv (1965), pp. 35–86. • Dannert, L., “Gotland 1645–1654”, in: Skrifter utgivna av humanistiska föreningen vid Stockholms högskola (1939), pp. 61–108. • Gerentz, S., “Gotlands varuutbyte 1654–1689”, in: Skrifter utgivna av Sjöhistoriska samfundet, IV (1944), pp. 69–95. • Rosman, H., “Gotlands handelsförbindelser på 1600–talet”, in: RIG, 3, 4 (1930). • Siltberg, T., “Förteckning över gotländska journaler för sjötullen [1616– 1700]”, in: S. Körner, T. Siltberg, and T. Sundberg, Arkivforskning på Gotland (Visby, 1979), pp. 185–192. • Sjöberg, Å.G., “Äldre gotländsk handel”, in: Gotländskt Arkiv (1961), pp. 83–100. • Sjöberg, Å.G., “Gotländska skutor och skeppare i gotländsk sjöfart under 1630– och 1640-talen”, in: Gotländska studier, 2 (1973), pp. 72–88. • Sjöberg, Å.G., “Gotländska tulljournaler”, in: Gotländska studier, 5 (1977), pp. 27–43. • Sjöberg, Å.G., “Fartygslästen. En undersökning av lästen som fartygsmått i de gotländska hamnarna 1630–1660”, in: Gotländska studier, 5 (1977), pp. 44–77. •

Visby Merchants’ Guild Record group Visby Merchants’ Guild Köpmannagillet i Visby Reference code : SE/ViLA/0096 Period : 1694–1970 Extent : 33 volumes

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Abstract This record group consists of the administration of the Visby merchants’ guild (Köpmannagillet, otherwise known as Handelssocieteten or trading society). It mostly contains minutes of proceedings and incoming correspondence. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1694–1919 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

Until about 1850, the merchants’ guild represented the interests of Visby merchants, for example with regard to the regulation of trade in tar, timber and grain. These activities are best studied in the minutes of proceedings (1694–1919, 12 volumes). Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance The merchants’ guild represented the interests of Visby merchants until about 1850. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the guild was mainly concerned with organising pensions (the nancial importance of which declined steadily) and social events. Publications • •

Steffen, R., Köpmannagillet i Visby 1694–1944 (Lund, 1944). Nilson, K.L., and Å.G. Sjöberg, Stadens sällskap (Visby 1979), pp. 50–55.

Visby Skippers’ Guild Record group Visby Skippers’ Guild Skepparegillet i Visby Reference code : SE/ViLA/10166 Period : 1693–1983 Extent : 1.8 metres

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Abstract These archives include minutes of proceedings, lists of members and accounting records. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1693–1983 : Sweden, various countries : Swedish

Series AI: 1–6 contain the minutes of proceedings, dating from the years 1693–1983, which concern all aspects of the Guild. Series DI: 1–5 consist of the Guild’s membership lists for the period 1740–1936. Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Record creator / provenance Until about 1850, the Skippers’ Guild represented the interests of skippers. In the twentieth century it was mainly concerned with organising social events and looking after an extensive collection of museum exhibits and images relating to Gotland shipping. Publications • • • • •

Herlitz, R., Skepparegillet i Visby 1682–1982 (1982). Jakobsson, C.A., and E. Nordström, Skepparegillets Samlingar, Vol. I (Visby, 1985). Nilson, K.L., and Å.G. Sjöberg, Stadens sällskap (Visby, 1979). Rosman, H., Skepparegillet i Visby under 250 år. 156 sid (Stockholm, 1932). “Skepparegillet i Visby”, in: Medlemsblad, 1951/1 (Visby, 1951).

Visby Town Court and Town Administration Record group Visby Town Court and Town Administration Rådhusrätten-Magistraten i Visby stad

regional archives in visby Reference code Period Extent

2303

: SE/ViLA/20252 : 1624–1961 : 126 metres

Abstract This record group consists of the records regarding the administration of the town of Visby. It contains the records of the town’s principal court of law (rådhusrätten) and of several of its governing bodies. Included are the records of the rådhusrätten, which also contain minutes of proceedings of the magistraten, correspondence of both bodies, incoming letters patent and charters, incoming documents from other authorities, and pending transactions of both the rådhusrätten and the magistraten. Relevant contents Period Countries involved Languages

: 1657–1961 : Denmark, Sweden, various countries : Danish, High German, Low German, Swedish

The archives of the town court and administration contain information with regard to the town’s harbour, domestic and foreign trade, and shipping. The most important series are the following: ECONOMIC AFFAIRS • •

F 2 A, B: Estate inventories, 1657–1935. F 3 A: Bankruptcy dossiers, 1754–1961.

SHIPS AND SHIPPING • • • • • •

G G G G G G

2 A: Ships’ measurement deeds (uträkningar, bilbrev), 1701–1881. 2 B: Ships’ deeds of sale, 1849–1882. 2 C: Ships’ inspections, valuations etc., 1709–1883. 2 D: Ships’ logs and wreck investigation reports, 1736–1828. 2 E: Documents of passage regarding seafarers, 1737–1753. 3: Boatswain and muster rolls, 1695–1911.

HARBOUR DUES The town of Visby levied harbour dues. The registers of these provide information concerning ships arriving and departing, and exports and

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imports. The data refer to the port of Visby, but also, until 1832, to the provincial Gotland harbours. Before 1834, the farmers on Gotland had to maintain their country harbours themselves, although the income of harbour dues had to be handed over to the town of Visby. The documents are best preserved for the period from 1783, but some are also available for the period from 1680: • • •

H 6 A: Tolag records, 1680–1844. H 6 B: Sundry tolag documents, 1754–1838. H 6 C: Tolag vouchers, 1783–1842.

Accessibility Inventory (in Swedish); also available online at: www.nad.ra.se. Copies Microches of the judgements books and the estate inventories are available at the reading room and digitally at: www.svar.ra.se. Related materials •

Visby Harbour Authority (Visby stads hamndirektion, reference code: SE/ViLA/32017), and Visby Town Harbour Dues Ofce (Visby stads hamnuppbördskontor); both containing Tolag records from 1860 onwards.

Copies of the judgement book were sent to the Svea Court of Appeal (Svea hovrätt). These contemporary copies are now available at the Swedish National Archives. Publications • •

• •

Dannert, L., Huvuddragen av Gotlands politiska historia [efter 1645]. Förvaltningen och rättsväsendet, I: Boken om Gotland (1945), pp. 17–95. Secher, V.A. (ed.), Corpus Constitutionum Daniae. Forordninger, Recesser og andre Kongelige breve, Danmarks Lovgivning vedkommende, Vols. 1–6: 1558–1660 (Copenhagen, 1887–1918). Siltberg, T., “Gotlands äldsta arkivbestånd och pergamentsbrevet 1402”, Haimdagar [Gotland], 4 (2002), pp. 28–37. Siltberg, T., “Gotlands landskapssigill och äldre judiciella sigill”, in: Tommy Sundberg (ed.), Landsarkivet i Visby 1905–2005 (Visby, 2005), pp. 277–370.

regional archives in visby • • • •

2305

Steffen, R., Visby hamns historia (Visby, 1942; 2nd edition: Visby, 1962), p. 157. Steffen, R., Visby stads styrelse, förvaltning och tjänstemän från äldsta tider (Visby, 1947), p. 20. Yrwing, H., Gotlands medeltid (Visby, 1978). Yrwing, H., Visby—Hansestad på Gotland (Södertälje, 1986).

Other remarks The oldest dated document in the Visby Town Archives is an incoming parchment letter of 24 June 1402, in which “the land of Gotland” leases the Gotenhof, Gotland’s trading post in Novgorod, to “the German merchant” (the Hanseatic League). The letter is published in: Svenskt Diplomatarium, II, no. 1572.

INDEX This index covers all sections of the descriptions (including, for instance, publications) in Volume III. It only contains geographical terms. Note that the entries may vary in the three volumes. For personal names, commodities, institutions, languages, ship names and any other possible keywords, one is referred to the website, www.balticconnections.net (under “Archival Guide”), where all descriptions can be digitally searched. Aalborg, 1618 Åbo. See Turku Adelin, 1879 Adersberg, 1786 Africa, 2145, 2171–2172 Åland islands, 1796, 2043 Ålborg. See Aalborg Alkmaar, 1620 Altona, 1618, 1624, 1715 Altwarp, 1800 Älvsborg, 2114, 2226 America, 1800, 2171–2172 Amsterdam, 1608–1609, 1613, 1616, 1618, 1620, 1624, 1626, 1665–1666, 1669, 1715, 1727, 1738, 1768, 1783, 1793, 1819, 1824, 1830, 1855, 1874, 1876, 1909, 1918, 1948, 1998, 2011, 2063, 2065, 2070, 2094–2095, 2146, 2155, 2180, 2186–2187, 2197, 2201, 2237, 2239, 2248, 2255, 2263 Anklam, 1800 Antskog, 2240 Antwerp, 1608, 1618, 1620, 1624, 1635, 1688–1689, 1713, 1783, 1867 Arboga, 2154 Archangel, 1921–1922, 1929, 1936, 2090 Arensburg, 1714, 1919, 1945, 2078, 2128, 2257. See also Kuressaare Arholma, 2042 Armenia, 1946 Arnemuiden, 1620 Atlantic Ocean, 1955, 1961 Austria, 1610, 1627, 1717, 1745, 1843, 1847, 1864, 2039

Balga, 1619, 1714, 1727 Bålsö, 2042 Baltischport. See Paldiski Baltisk / Baltiysk. See Pillau Bamberg, 1816 Barbary, 2175 Barnim, 1787, 1788, 1791, 1802, 1816, 1842–1843 Barösund, 2062, 2260–2261 Barth, 1791, 2127, 2142 Barwice, 1813 Bastmora, 2161 Bavaria, 2039 Belarus, 1945 Belgium, 1608, 1762, 2034, 2095, 2146 Belt, Great and/or Little, 1796, 1926, 2049 Beltan, 1814 Bergen, 1619 Bergshammar, 2213 Bergslagen, 2240 Berlin, 1633, 1748, 1792–1794, 1800, 1803, 1808–1809, 1812, 1817, 1913, 1931, 2085, 2095, 2148 Bialogard, 1814 Birzai, 1850 Birze. See Birzai Björn, 2042 Björneborg, 2062, 2138, 2175, 2210 Bjuröklubb, 2042 Blekinge, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1992–1995, 1999, 2002, 2007, 2011, 2049, 2153, 2265 Bodekull, 1993–1994 Bohemia, 2039, 2124

2308

index

Bohlendorf, 1804 Bohuslän, 2048, 2154 Bömitz, 2199 Bordeaux, 1666 Borgå, 2210 Bornholm, 1796, 2169, 2189 Bothnia, Gulf of, 1796, 1974, 1978, 2049, 2169 Brabant, 1765, 1909 Brandenburg, 1642, 1657, 1665, 1691, 1722, 1762, 1778, 1786, 1788, 1793, 1795, 1797, 1802, 1807, 1809, 1812–1813, 1816, 1840, 1842–1843, 2060, 2089, 2093, 2106–2107, 2109, 2142, 2180, 2183–2184, 2220, 2231 Braniewo, 1619, 1642–1643, 1647, 1649–1650, 1714, 1718, 1751, 1756–1758 Braunschweig, 1690, 2220. See also Brunswick Bremen, 1618–1619, 1626, 1663, 1669, 1691, 1713, 1715, 1726, 1752, 1765, 1783, 1809, 1819, 1824, 1853, 2059, 2060–2061, 2076, 2090, 2092, 2125, 2128, 2136–2137, 2142, 2180–2181, 2205–2206, 2210 Brouwershaven, 1620 Bruges, 1620, 1649, 1688, 1690, 1717, 1756 Brunswick, 1690–1691. See also Braunschweig Brussels, 1624 Buxtehude, 2059 Cadiz, 1793, 1922 Canada, 1864 Carelia, 1937 Carlham, 1727 Carlsburg, 2059 Cashubia, 1774, 1795 Cesis. See Wenden Chelmno, 1630 China, 1951–1952, 2016 Choszczno, 1814 Christiansö, 2169 Cieplice, 1864 Cologne, 1690–1691, 1895, 1900, 2123, 2147, 2184, 2292 Copenhagen, 1608–1609, 1617–1618, 1626, 1669, 1715, 1782–1783, 1795,

1824, 1908, 1918, 1926, 1985, 1990, 1998, 2001, 2011–2013, 2066, 2095, 2138, 2168, 2186–2187, 2189, 2263, 2283, 2304 Courland, 1608–1609, 1616–1617, 1625–1626, 1636, 1657, 1661, 1668, 1714, 1717, 1762, 1767, 1780, 1783, 1786, 1790, 1809, 1819–1820, 1832, 1847, 1858–1859, 1862, 1867, 1870–1871, 1944, 2103, 2123, 2146–2147, 2151, 2170, 2180, 2220. See also Kurland Cracow, 1607, 1610–1612, 1690, 1821–1822, 1841, 1843, 1846–1847, 1852, 1864, 1879 Crimea, 1861 Croneborg, 2214 Czerniejewo, 1769–1770 Dabie, 1619, 1787–1788 Dabskie, Lake, 1788, 1790 Dagö, 1918, 2054, 2210, 2214. See also Hiiumaa Dahlem, 1633, 1794, 1809, 2148 Dalarna, 2047 Dalarö, 2062, 2116, 2135 Dalsland, 2048, 2154 Damm, 2142, 2183 Danube River, 2027 Danzig. See Gdansk Darlowo, 1619, 1714, 1727, 1787, 1797 Daugava River, 2210 Daugavgriva, 1908 Delft, 1624 Delmenhorst, 1726 Demmin, 1813 Denin, 1800 Denmark, 1608, 1611, 1613, 1616–1617, 1622, 1625–1626, 1633, 1635, 1641, 1643–1644, 1649–1650, 1658, 1660, 1662, 1665–1666, 1668–1669, 1672, 1674–1675, 1678, 1680, 1688–1689, 1693, 1696, 1698, 1701, 1703, 1705, 1709, 1711, 1713, 1715, 1717, 1721, 1726, 1730, 1733, 1738, 1746, 1756, 1762–1763, 1765, 1767–1768, 1775, 1777, 1780, 1782, 1785–1786, 1790, 1795–1796, 1804, 1806, 1813, 1818–1820, 1824, 1832, 1839–1840, 1842–1843, 1849,

index 1852, 1854, 1858–1859, 1862, 1866–1867, 1870, 1874–1875, 1877, 1887, 1897, 1917, 1919, 1921–1922, 1925–1926, 1943, 1954, 1960, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1984–1985, 1990–1991, 1993–1994, 1997–1998, 2000–2004, 2006, 2009–2014, 2018, 2023–2024, 2027–2028, 2030, 2032–2034, 2039–2040, 2042–2043, 2046, 2052, 2060–2061, 2065–2067, 2076–2077, 2084–2086, 2094, 2120–2122, 2125–2126, 2133, 2135, 2138, 2141, 2143, 2145, 2149, 2153, 2161–2163, 2167, 2169–2171, 2180, 2182–2183, 2186, 2189, 2193, 2196, 2200, 2218, 2220, 2222, 2226, 2228–2229, 2235, 2237, 2239, 2241, 2245, 2249, 2256, 2262, 2264–2267, 2272, 2283, 2292, 2298, 2300, 2303 Deventer, 1783 Dithmarschen, 1715, 1819, 1876 Dobra Nowogardzka, 1813 Dordrecht, 1620 Dorpat, 1861, 1940, 1983, 2054, 2147, 2149–2150, 2203, 2214, 2257. See also Tartu Dortmund, 1691 Dresden, 1633, 2039 Drottingholm, 1613 Dubinka, 1850 Düna River. See Daugava River Dünamünde. See Daugavgriva Dziwna River, 1788, 1849, 1851 Dziwnow, 1780, 1782 Dziwnow Straits, 1782 East Indies, 1625, 1951–1952, 2172 East-Friesland, 2090 East-Frisia. See East-Friesland Elbe River, 2027, 2060, 2090, 2123, 2141 Elbing. See Elblag Elblag, 1609–1617, 1619, 1622–1625, 1627, 1629, 1632–1637, 1639–1658, 1661, 1665–1669, 1671, 1677, 1680–1681, 1688–1689, 1692, 1694, 1699–1700, 1703, 1706, 1708, 1710, 1712, 1714, 1718, 1721–1723, 1725, 1727, 1729, 1732, 1734, 1740, 1742, 1744–1745, 1748–1751, 1753–1756, 1758, 1766, 1771,

2309

1775–1776, 1783–1784, 1823, 1825, 1829, 1836, 1840, 1842, 1848–1849, 1859, 1861, 1863, 1865, 1870–1871, 1873–1874, 1876, 1879, 2114 Emden, 1618–1619, 1715, 1726, 1819 England, 1624–1625, 1633–1634, 1641, 1643, 1646, 1649–1650, 1659, 1661–1663, 1665, 1668, 1672, 1676, 1688–1690, 1703, 1713, 1717, 1785, 1791, 1795, 1807, 1809, 1811, 1820, 1893–1894, 1900, 1905, 1908, 1917–1918, 1921–1923, 1926, 1935, 1946, 1977, 1981, 2039, 2066, 2084, 2119, 2171–2172, 2290–2292 Engsö, 2196 Enkhuizen, 1727 Ermland, 1760, 2123, 2231 Estland. See Estonia Estonia, 1608, 1611, 1613, 1616, 1622, 1633, 1641, 1649, 1658, 1668, 1672, 1675, 1678, 1680, 1688, 1696, 1698, 1701, 1705, 1709, 1711, 1713–1714, 1717, 1721, 1726, 1730, 1733, 1756, 1762–1763, 1765, 1767, 1775, 1780, 1782, 1785, 1790, 1795–1796, 1806, 1809, 1813, 1818, 1824, 1832, 1839, 1842, 1849, 1858, 1862, 1866–1867, 1870, 1874–1875, 1877, 1887, 1897, 1908, 1910–1911, 1917, 1919, 1921, 1924–1925, 1937–1938, 1940, 1943, 1960, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1979, 1982, 1990, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2009–2010, 2012, 2018, 2027, 2030, 2032–2033, 2039–2040, 2042, 2052, 2054, 2058, 2061, 2077, 2078, 2080, 2089, 2094, 2099, 2106, 2110, 2114, 2120, 2122, 2126, 2128, 2133, 2135–2136, 2138, 2141, 2143, 2145, 2147, 2149–2151, 2153, 2161, 2163, 2167, 2169–2171, 2180, 2186, 2189, 2193, 2196, 2200, 2209, 2212–2213, 2215, 2218, 2220, 2222, 2226, 2229, 2237, 2239, 2241, 2245, 2247, 2249, 2256, 2266 Falkenberg, 1982, 1986–1987 Falsterbo, 2169 Färna, 2161–2162, 2187 Faubourg, North, 2238–2239 Fielderup, 1726

2310

index

Fiholm, 2213 Finland, 1608–1609, 1611, 1616–1617, 1622, 1633, 1641, 1658, 1668, 1672, 1675, 1678, 1688, 1698, 1705, 1709, 1711, 1713, 1717, 1721, 1726, 1730, 1756, 1762–1763, 1765, 1767, 1775, 1780, 1782, 1785, 1795–1796, 1800, 1806, 1818–1819, 1824, 1832, 1839, 1858–1859, 1866, 1874–1875, 1877, 1897, 1908, 1910, 1917–1919, 1921, 1925, 1940, 1943, 1958, 1960, 1963, 1970, 1972–1975, 1977–1980, 1982, 1987–1988, 1990–1991, 1994, 1997, 1999–2001, 2004, 2006, 2009–2010, 2012–2013, 2018, 2021, 2027–2028, 2030–2033, 2036, 2039–2040, 2042–2043, 2046, 2049, 2052, 2057–2058, 2061–2062, 2064, 2068, 2072, 2074–2075, 2077, 2079–2082, 2085, 2089, 2094, 2106, 2110, 2114, 2117–2118, 2120–2121, 2126, 2130–2131, 2133, 2135–2139, 2141, 2143, 2145, 2149–2150, 2153, 2155, 2159–2161, 2163–2165, 2169–2177, 2180, 2185–2186, 2189, 2193, 2196–2197, 2200, 2208–2210, 2212–2213, 2215–2216, 2218, 2220, 2222, 2224, 2226, 2229–2230, 2233, 2235, 2237, 2239–2241, 2245, 2247, 2249, 2253, 2255, 2265–2267, 2270, 2277, 2281 Finland, Gulf of, 1616, 1859, 1908, 1911, 1915, 1917, 1920, 2057–2058, 2169 Finnåker, 2196 Finnbo, 2161 Fischhorn, 1864 Flanders, 1617, 1620, 1625, 1662, 1756, 1762, 1767, 1780, 1819, 1832, 1858, 1862, 1867 Flena, 2161 Flensburg, 1619, 1726, 2187 France, 1608, 1613, 1616, 1623–1624, 1649, 1661–1662, 1666, 1668, 1688, 1693, 1703, 1713, 1717, 1728, 1762, 1767, 1771, 1777, 1780, 1793, 1795, 1806, 1818, 1824, 1830, 1832, 1839–1840, 1845, 1847, 1852, 1854, 1858, 1864, 1866, 1871, 1874, 1877–1878, 1908, 1910, 1917, 1918, 1921, 1926, 1934,

1943, 1946, 2025, 2034, 2039, 2085, 2089, 2094–2096, 2102, 2106, 2110, 2121, 2162–2163, 2170–2172, 2185, 2197, 2209, 2220, 2229, 2230, 2235, 2254 Frankfurt, 1786, 1798, 1809, 2090, 2095 Friesian Islands, 1608, 1617, 1715 Friesland, 1763, 1767, 1780, 1819, 1832, 1837, 1858–1859, 1875, 2212 Frisia. See Friesland Frombork, 1619, 1714, 1718, 1756–1758 Fursterbug, 1786 Gamla Karleby, 2062, 2209 Garz, 2142 Gästrikland, 2047 Gävle, 1973–1978, 2062, 2135, 2154, 2168, 2203, 2231, 2234, 2258 Gdansk, 1609–1613, 1615–1617, 1619–1637, 1639, 1641–1643, 1646–1651, 1653–1736, 1738, 1742–1749, 1751–1753, 1755–1756, 1758, 1762–1763, 1766, 1770, 1773–1776, 1778, 1782–1783, 1793, 1800, 1809, 1813, 1819, 1821–1823, 1825, 1827, 1830, 1832–1833, 1836–1837, 1840, 1846, 1848–1849, 1851, 1855–1856, 1858–1859, 1861–1862, 1865, 1867, 1869–1871, 1873–1876, 1878–1879, 1918, 2012, 2089, 2103, 2107–2108, 2138, 2168, 2186–2187, 2189, 2193, 2201, 2210, 2220, 2231, 2247, 2263 Geestendorf, 2059 Germandö, 2042 Germany, 1608, 1611, 1613, 1616–1617, 1619, 1622–1623, 1625, 1627, 1630–1631, 1633, 1635, 1637, 1639, 1641, 1643, 1648–1652, 1654–1658, 1661, 1667–1670, 1672, 1674–1675, 1678, 1680, 1682–1683, 1685, 1688, 1690, 1693, 1695–1699, 1701, 1703, 1705, 1707, 1709, 1711–1713, 1717, 1719, 1721, 1724, 1726–1728, 1730, 1732–1733, 1735, 1738, 1740, 1742–1743, 1745–1746, 1749–1750, 1752–1757, 1760, 1762–1763, 1765, 1767, 1770–1771, 1773, 1775, 1777, 1780, 1782,

index 1785, 1790, 1793, 1795, 1797, 1800, 1802, 1804, 1806, 1809, 1811, 1813–1815, 1818–1819, 1821, 1824–1826, 1828–1830, 1832–1833, 1835, 1837, 1839–1840, 1842, 1846–1847, 1849, 1851–1852, 1854, 1858–1859, 1861–1862, 1864, 1866–1867, 1870, 1874–1875, 1877, 1897, 1903, 1908, 1917, 1925, 1937, 1940, 1943, 1955, 1958, 1960, 1963, 1970, 1972–1975, 1977–1978, 1984–1985, 1987–1988, 1990–1991, 1994, 1997, 1999–2004, 2006, 2009–2010, 2012–2013, 2015–2016, 2018, 2024, 2027, 2030, 2032–2034, 2039–2040, 2042–2043, 2052, 2058–2059, 2061, 2070–2071, 2076–2077, 2080, 2085, 2088–2090, 2094, 2105–2106, 2109, 2117, 2120–2126, 2128, 2133, 2135–2136, 2138, 2141, 2143, 2145, 2147, 2153, 2161, 2163, 2166–2167, 2170–2172, 2180–2182, 2184–2187, 2189, 2193–2194, 2196–2197, 2199–2200, 2204–2205, 2209, 2212–2213, 2215, 2218, 2220, 2222, 2226–2229, 2235, 2237, 2239, 2241, 2245, 2247, 2249–2250, 2253–2256, 2262, 2265–2267, 2270–2272, 2277, 2281, 2290–2292 Gingst, 2183 Glan, Lake, 2049 Goldingen, 2147 Goleniow, 1619, 1787–1788, 1801–1803 Gollnow, 1803, 2142, 2183 Goslar, 1810 Götaland, 2049 Göteborg, 1613, 1617, 1951–1952, 1954–1955, 1958–1960, 1965, 1982, 1987, 2017, 2048, 2052–2053, 2062, 2066, 2154, 2158, 2209, 2254. See also Gothenburg Gothenburg, 1617, 1951–1961, 1964, 1966–1967, 1982, 2017, 2024, 2048, 2052, 2062–2063, 2154, 2194, 2209, 2254. See also Göteborg Gotland, 1796, 2042, 2049, 2128, 2161–2162, 2203, 2257, 2261, 2280, 2282–2284, 2286–2287, 2288–2292,

2311

2294, 2297–2298, 2299–2300, 2302, 2304–2305 Granary Island, 1614, 1674 Grasleben, 1828–1829 Greece, 1864, 1908 Greifswald, 1619, 1640, 1715, 1726, 1778, 1789–1792, 1799, 1803, 1808–1810, 1812–1814, 1816–1817, 2127, 2142, 2182–2184, 2228 Grisslehamn, 2209 Groningen, 1620, 1626, 1727, 1762–1763, 1859, 1867, 2189 Groten, 1727 Gryn, 1788 Gryno, 1813 Gunnilbo Hammare, 2161 Güstrow, 2220 Haapsalu, 1911, 1945. See also Hapsal Haarlem, 1620, 1624, 1783 Hagen, 2059 Halland, 1987, 1989, 1992–1995, 1999, 2002, 2007, 2011, 2048, 2153, 2265 Halle, 1623, 1635, 1643 Halmstad, 1982, 1987–1989, 2062, 2065–2066 Hälsingland, 2047 Hamburg, 1618–1619, 1624–1627, 1643, 1649, 1663, 1666, 1669, 1689–1691, 1713, 1715, 1726, 1783, 1785, 1790, 1793, 1809, 1820, 1824, 1826, 1840, 1853–1855, 1867, 1918, 1946, 1985, 1998, 2060, 2070, 2085, 2090–2093, 2095, 2127, 2186–2187, 2193, 2197, 2220, 2237, 2239, 2254–2255, 2263 Hangö, 2043, 2062, 2210 Hangö udd, 2042 Hannover, 2060, 2095, 2210, 2220 Hapsal, 1911, 1945, 2054, 2147, 2149. See also Haapsalu Harderwijk, 1783 Härjedalen, 2048 Harjumaa. See Harrien Härnön, 2042 Härnösand, 1973, 1977–1981, 2062, 2154, 2203 Harrien, 2054 Harvila, 2196 Havel, 1786

2312

index

Heeden, 1827 Heiligen Beil, 1619 Hel, 1617, 1624, 1636, 1654–1655, 1692–1693, 1699, 1718–1719, 1727, 1735–1736, 1778, 1859 Hel Peninsula, 1617, 1624, 1636, 1694, 1699, 1736, 1778, 1859 Helegån River, 1998 Helsingborg, 1982, 1987, 1989–1992, 1995, 2062, 2167 Helsingfors, 1859, 2062, 2209–2210, 2234. See also Helsinki Helsingør, 1618, 1990, 2087–2088, 2168–2169 Helsinki, 1859, 2056, 2062, 2114, 2138, 2173, 2194, 2209, 2225, 2234. See also Helsingfors Herford, 2090 Hessen, 2039, 2090 Hiiumaa, 1918, 2054, 2210. See also Dagö Hjälmaren, Lake, 2049 Hjulsta, 2213 Holland. See Netherlands Holstein, 1613, 1636, 1808–1809, 1819, 1862, 1876, 2090 Hörningsholm, 2213 Hudiksvall, 2154 Humber, 1796 Hungary, 1717, 1821, 2039 Ina River, 1787, 1802, 1815–1816 Ingermanland, 1918, 1927, 2054. See also Ingria Ingria, 1896, 1912, 1938, 2054, 2078, 2149–2151, 2180, 2214. See also Ingermanland Ireland, 2039 Irjante, 2196 Isfahan, 1861 Italy, 1610, 1621, 1628, 1668, 1688, 1690, 1713, 1717, 1765, 1821, 2034, 2094 Ivangorod, 1919, 2054, 2078, 2149, 2178, 2180, 2257 Jaanilinn. See Ivangorod Jablonna, 1838, 1855 Jakobstad, 2062, 2161 Jämtland, 2048 Jaroslaw, 1830

Järvamaa. See Jerwen Jelgava. See Mitau Jerwen, 2054 Jerzy, 1842 Jönköping, 1970, 1972, 1981–1983, 1987, 1989, 1992, 1995, 1999, 2002, 2007, 2203, 2264–2265, 2268, 2270 Jutland, 1608 Käkisalmi. See Kexholm Kaliningrad, 1609, 1617, 1619, 1623, 1625, 1633, 1636, 1641–1642, 1650, 1666, 1727, 1736, 1760, 1765, 1770–1771, 1775, 1783, 1793, 1795, 1834–1835, 1849, 1851, 1859, 1861, 2107. See also Königsberg Kalisz, 1868 Kalmar, 1982, 2016, 2062, 2114, 2135, 2153, 2169, 2209, 2226, 2230, 2234, 2259, 2263, 2265–2268, 2270–2272 Kamianets-Podilskyi, 1864 Kamien Pomorski, 1619, 1714, 1788, 1797–1799, 1807, 1813 Kammin. See Kamien Pomorski Kampen, 1620, 1666, 1727 Kantua, 2240 Kardis, 1939 Karlshamn, 1982, 1992–1995, 2002–2003, 2016, 2135 Karlskrona, 1926, 1965, 1982, 1995–1996, 2003, 2005, 2015, 2017, 2046, 2062, 2135, 2209, 2250, 2272, 2274–2275 Kaskinen. See Kaskö Kaskö, 2062 Kassel, 2095 Kattegat, 1859, 2020, 2024, 2049 Kexholm, 1938, 2114, 2151, 2209 Kiel, 1824, 1926 Kimito, 2213 Kimo, 2240 Kirjakala, 2240 Klaipeda, 1618, 1669, 1714, 1718, 1726, 1756, 1771, 1826, 1858, 1867, 1918, 2107 Kokenhusen, 2123 Kokkola. See Gamla Karleby Kolberg. See Kolobrzeg Köln. See Cologne

index Kolobrzeg, 1619, 1666, 1715, 1718, 1727, 1771, 1775, 1778, 1783, 1787, 1795, 1797–1798, 1800, 1805–1808, 1813–1814, 2247 Kolsky, 1913, 1922 Königsberg, 1609, 1617, 1619, 1623–1627, 1633–1634, 1636, 1641–1643, 1646–1647, 1650, 1666, 1684, 1699, 1714, 1718, 1727, 1736, 1742, 1751, 1760–1761, 1765, 1770–1771, 1775, 1783, 1793, 1795, 1822, 1834–1835, 1849, 1851, 1859, 1861, 2107. See also Kaliningrad Koskis, 2240 Kostrzyn, 1786, 1790 Koszalin, 1727, 1813 Kotlin, 1908, 1934 Kråkelund, 2042, 2169 Krakow. See Cracow Kristianstad, 1982, 1996–1999, 2062, 2135, 2231 Kristiinankaupunki. See Kristinestad Kristinestad, 2209 Kronstadt, 1618, 1893, 1911, 1915, 1926, 1931, 1945–1946 Kullen, 2042, 2169 Kungälv, 1961, 1967, 1982, 2062 Kungshamn, 2042 Kuressaare, 1919, 1945, 2078, 2128 Kurland, 1643. See also Courland Kuron, 1843 Kvädö, 2042 Laba, 1786, 1790 Labiau, 1619 Ladoga, Lake / Canal, 1895–1897, 1911, 1915, 1917, 1921, 1926 Laga River, 2033 Lancut, 1838, 1864, 1868 Landskrona, 1983, 1999–2002, 2062, 2135, 2167 Landsort, 2042, 2169 Lapland, 2033, 2048, 2161–2162 Lassen, 1791 Latvia, 1608, 1611, 1616, 1618, 1622, 1633, 1641, 1649, 1656, 1658, 1668, 1672, 1674–1675, 1678, 1680, 1688–1689, 1696, 1698, 1701, 1703, 1705, 1709, 1711, 1713–1714, 1717, 1721, 1726, 1730, 1733, 1743, 1756, 1762–1763, 1765, 1767, 1770,

2313

1775, 1780, 1782–1783, 1785, 1790, 1795, 1806, 1809, 1813, 1818, 1821, 1824, 1832–1833, 1839, 1842, 1849, 1851, 1856, 1858, 1861, 1866–1867, 1870, 1874–1875, 1877, 1887, 1897, 1908, 1910, 1917, 1925, 1937, 1940, 1943, 1960, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1979, 1990, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2009–2010, 2012, 2018, 2027, 2030, 2032–2033, 2039–2040, 2042, 2052, 2054, 2058, 2061, 2076–2077, 2094, 2099, 2102, 2106, 2110, 2120, 2122, 2126, 2133, 2135–2136, 2138, 2141, 2143, 2145, 2147, 2149, 2153, 2161, 2163, 2169–2171, 2180, 2185, 2189, 2193, 2196, 2200, 2209, 2215, 2218, 2220, 2222, 2229, 2235, 2237, 2239, 2241, 2245, 2247, 2249, 2256, 2266, 2290, 2292 Lauenburg, 1808 Lavila, 2196 Leal, 2215 Leba, 1619, 1718 Lebork-Bytow, 1842 Lehe, 2059 Leipzig, 1631–1632, 1655, 1657, 1667, 1669, 1671, 1675, 1677, 1679, 1681, 1683, 1694, 1704, 1707, 1708, 1710, 1712, 1723, 1725, 1727, 1729, 1731–1732, 1735, 1809, 1931 Lentzkow, 2199 Lepaya. See Liepaja Libau. See Liepaja Libbenow, 2199 Lidzbark Warminski, 1756, 1758 Liepaja, 1626, 1714, 1911, 1926, 2111 Lipawa. See Liepaja Lithuania, 1608–1609, 1611, 1613, 1616–1617, 1622, 1633, 1640–1641, 1649, 1656, 1658, 1668, 1672, 1675, 1678, 1680, 1688, 1696, 1698, 1701, 1703, 1705, 1709, 1711, 1713–1714, 1717, 1721, 1726, 1730, 1733, 1738, 1743, 1756, 1762–1763, 1765, 1767, 1770–1771, 1775, 1780, 1782–1783, 1785, 1790, 1793, 1795, 1804, 1806, 1809, 1813, 1818–1821, 1824, 1826, 1832–1833, 1835, 1837–1839, 1841–1842, 1844, 1846,

2314

index

1849–1851, 1854, 1856, 1858–1859, 1861, 1866–1867, 1870, 1874–1875, 1877–1878, 1897, 1917, 1925, 1943, 1960, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1990, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2009–2010, 2012, 2018, 2027, 2030, 2032–2033, 2039–2040, 2042, 2052, 2054, 2061, 2071, 2077, 2080, 2094, 2102, 2106, 2110, 2120, 2126, 2133, 2135, 2138, 2141, 2143, 2145, 2149, 2153, 2161, 2163, 2170–2171, 2180, 2189, 2193, 2196, 2200, 2209, 2212, 2218, 2220, 2222, 2229, 2237, 2239, 2245, 2249, 2266 Livland. See Livonia Livonia, 1609, 1617, 1625–1626, 1688, 1691, 1762, 1765, 1767, 1786, 1790, 1795, 1861, 1867, 1870–1871, 1908, 1924, 1938, 1944, 2054, 2058, 2078, 2080, 2099–2101, 2123, 2125, 2146–2152, 2180–2181, 2213, 2215, 2220 Lödöse, 2226 London, 1636, 1643, 1669, 1688, 1690, 1855, 1862, 1923, 1931, 1935, 2095, 2197 Lorraine. See Lothringen Lothringen, 2220 Loviisa. See Lovisa Lovisa, 2062, 2210, 2234 Lower Saxony, 1854, 2085 Lubczyn, 1782 Lübeck, 1609, 1618–1619, 1624, 1626–1627, 1633, 1641–1643, 1647, 1649, 1663, 1668–1669, 1678, 1689–1692, 1712–1713, 1715, 1717, 1726, 1733, 1785, 1787, 1802, 1807, 1809, 1811, 1816, 1824, 1842, 1853, 1903, 1926, 1937, 1985, 1998, 2001, 2011–2012, 2089–2090, 2127, 2138, 2147, 2168, 2186–2187, 2189, 2201, 2220, 2247, 2263, 2292 Lubiechowo, 1814 Lublin, 1830 Lund, 1625, 1662, 1689, 1984–1985, 1987, 1989, 1992, 1995, 1999, 2002, 2007, 2014, 2024, 2081, 2155, 2189–2190, 2227, 2286, 2301 Lüneburg, 1689–1690, 2220 Lviv, 1861, 1864, 1876, 1878–1879

Madrid, 1923, 2095 Magdeburg, 1771, 1787, 1802, 1816 Main River, 1711, 1712, 1716, 1730, 1872, 2027, 2090, 2159 Mälaren, Lake, 2049 Malbork, 1697, 1736, 1878 Malmö, 1618, 1952, 1983, 2008–2014, 2062, 2135, 2167, 2198, 2209 Mälsåker, 2196 Mamonovo, 1619 Marienburg, 1655, 1712, 1727, 1736, 1738 Mariestadt, 1727 Marseille, 2057 Marstrand, 1962–1963, 2062 Masuria, 1760 Matzal, 2215 Mazovia, 1869 Mecklenburg, 1608, 1617, 1625, 1663, 1666, 1689, 1715, 1717, 1726, 1762, 1768, 1775, 1778, 1780, 1793, 1808–1809, 1813, 1820, 1833, 1842–1843, 1858–1859, 1867, 1875, 2027, 2090, 2123, 2141–2142, 2180, 2183, 2220, 2228 Medelpad, 2048 Mediterranean, 2125, 2292 Melings, 2161 Memel. See Klaipeda Miastko, 1813 Mierzecin, 1805, 1814 Minorca, 1923 Mitau, 1714, 1770, 2147 Moldavia, 2039 Montreal, 1864 Moon, 2214 Moscow, 1688, 1845, 1862, 1864, 1878, 1885–1886, 1888–1891, 1895, 1900, 1902, 1904, 1907, 1909–1910, 1912–1914, 1916, 1921, 1923, 1927, 1930, 1934–1935, 1938–1939, 1941–1942, 1946–1947 Motlawa River, 1624, 1627, 1698, 1732, 1748 Münster, 1828, 1832, 2090, 2092 Muscovy, 1786, 1790, 1936–1938, 1946 Narew River, 1790 Närke, 2047

index Narva, 1613, 1669, 1680, 1714, 1913, 1919, 1922, 1937, 2054, 2078, 2090, 2136, 2143, 2149–2151, 2180, 2187, 2189–2190, 2194, 2210, 2226 Narva River, 1926 Nehhat, 2215 Netherlands, 1608, 1611, 1613, 1616–1617, 1620, 1622–1627, 1633–1635, 1639, 1641, 1646, 1649–1650, 1658–1662, 1665–1666, 1668–1669, 1672, 1674–1675, 1678, 1680, 1683, 1685, 1688–1691, 1695–1696, 1698, 1701, 1703, 1705, 1709, 1711, 1713, 1715, 1717, 1721–1722, 1726–1727, 1730, 1733, 1738, 1740, 1743, 1746, 1749, 1753, 1756, 1762–1763, 1765, 1767, 1777, 1780, 1782, 1785, 1790, 1793, 1795, 1806–1807, 1809, 1813, 1818–1820, 1824, 1827, 1830, 1832–1833, 1839–1840, 1842–1843, 1845, 1847, 1849, 1852–1856, 1858–1859, 1862, 1866–1867, 1874–1875, 1877–1878, 1884, 1893, 1897–1898, 1908–1910, 1917–1918, 1921–1922, 1925–1926, 1934–1935, 1937, 1943–1944, 1946, 1955, 1960, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1984, 1990, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2009–2010, 2012–2013, 2018, 2022–2025, 2027, 2030, 2032–2034, 2039–2040, 2042–2043, 2052, 2061, 2066, 2069–2070, 2077, 2085, 2094–2097, 2102, 2120–2122, 2126, 2133, 2135, 2138, 2141, 2143–2146, 2151, 2153, 2160–2163, 2166, 2170–2172, 2180, 2185–2187, 2189, 2193, 2196–2197, 2200, 2209, 2212, 2218, 2220, 2222, 2229–2231, 2235, 2237, 2239, 2241–2242, 2245, 2247, 2249–2250, 2254–2257, 2262–2263, 2266–2267, 2280–2281 Neukloster, 2228 Neuwarp. See Warpno Neva River, 1867, 1896, 1908, 1911, 1915, 1926 Nevskoe Ust’e, 2178 Niasviž. See Nieswiez Nidingen, 2169 Niemen River, 1849, 1851 Nieswiez, 1850, 1864, 1868

2315

Nissa River, 2033 Nogat River, 1640, 1743 Norn, 2161–2162 Norna, 2187 Norrbotten, 2048 Norrköping, 1983, 2062, 2128, 2135, 2145, 2153, 2161–2162, 2187, 2194, 2226, 2234, 2258, 2260–2261, 2268–2270, 2272–2273, 2277–2278 Norrland, 1974, 1978, 2033, 2049, 2154, 2203, 2231 Norrmalm, 2239 North Sea, 1616, 1763, 1765, 1771, 1795–1796, 1824, 1832, 1858, 1867, 1926, 1954 North-Holland, 1624 Norway, 1688, 1713, 1768, 1796, 1819, 1824, 1919, 1970, 2039, 2042, 2050, 2085, 2086, 2153 Nöteborg, 2054, 2178 Notec River, 1785 Novgorod, 1649, 1688, 1690, 1908, 1937, 1938–1939, 1942, 2078, 2111, 2178–2179, 2257, 2305 Nowe Warpno. See Warpno Nowogrod, 1851 Nyborg, 1618 Nyen, 2078, 2136, 2149, 2151, 2173, 2179, 2194, 2210, 2257 Nyenskans, 1908, 2054 Nyenstadt, 1911 Nykarleby, 2209 Nyköping, 2062, 2135, 2145, 2153, 2162, 2203, 2209, 2226, 2234, 2248–2253 Nyslott, 2054 Nystad, 2175 Obrzyck, 1768 Odense, 1618 Oder River, 1717, 1785–1786, 1788, 1790, 1798, 2142, 2183 Oksywie, 1727 Öland, 2048, 2128, 2169 Oldenburg, 2085, 2090 Oliwa, 1622, 1631–1632, 1664, 1667, 1694, 1842–1843 Olonets, 1942 Olsztyn, 1755, 1757–1761 Oosthuizen, 1727 Öregrund, 2153

2316

index

Oresek. See Nöteborg Oreshek, 1896 Öresund. See Sound Orisberg, 2240 Ösel, 2054, 2080, 2128, 2146–2147, 2150, 2161–2162, 2170, 2186, 2210, 2214. See also Saaremaa Osnabrück, 1813, 2090 Ostend, 1618, 1620, 1756, 1783, 1840, 1867 Ostende, 2095 Östergötland, 2048 Oulu. See Uleåborg Padis, 2054 Paldiski, 1926, 1945 Palermo, 1633 Paris, 1692, 1862, 2095, 2197 Pärnu, 1714, 1908, 1945, 2054, 2078, 2136, 2149–2150, 2180, 2194, 2214 Parseta River, 1806 Paternoster, 2169 Peene River, 2142 Peenemünde, 1640 Persia, 1861, 1946 Petrograd. See St. Petersburg Pezin, 1789, 1791, 1794, 1799, 1803, 1808, 1816 Piaski, 1674 Pietersaari. See Jacobstad Pilawa, 1810 Pillau, 1617, 1619, 1625, 1633–1635, 1641–1644, 1650, 1652–1653, 1661, 1714, 1738, 1742, 1751, 1760, 1775, 1783, 1859, 1867, 2107 Pillau Strait, 1635, 1645–1646, 1751 Piltyn, 1843 Pinnow, 2199 Piteå, 2154 Poel, 2228 Poland, 1607–1879, 1897, 1908, 1917, 1925, 1943, 1960, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1990, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2018, 2027–2028, 2030, 2032–2033, 2039–2040, 2042, 2052, 2061, 2071–2072, 2077, 2089, 2094–2095, 2099, 2102–2103, 2105–2106, 2110, 2114, 2120, 2122–2123, 2126, 2133, 2135, 2138, 2141, 2143, 2145–2147, 2149, 2153, 2161, 2163, 2167, 2170–2171, 2180, 2182, 2186, 2189, 2193–2194, 2196,

2199–2200, 2209, 2212, 2218, 2220, 2222, 2229, 2235, 2237, 2239, 2241, 2245, 2247, 2249, 2266 Polanow, 1813 Polesk, 1619 Pomerania, 1608–1609, 1616–1617, 1619, 1625, 1630, 1632–1633, 1641, 1643, 1666, 1669, 1679, 1681, 1691–1692, 1694, 1696, 1702, 1704, 1706, 1708, 1710, 1713–1714, 1717–1718, 1722–1723, 1725, 1727, 1732, 1734, 1736, 1738, 1742–1743, 1745, 1754, 1762, 1768, 1770, 1772–1775, 1777–1791, 1794–1795, 1797–1801, 1804–1805, 1807–1809, 1812–1814, 1816–1821, 1824–1825, 1832–1836, 1838, 1858–1859, 1862, 1867, 1871, 1875, 2027, 2080, 2090, 2118, 2125–2128, 2136–2137, 2140–2142, 2182–2184, 2187, 2194–2195, 2199, 2205–2206, 2210, 2231, 2257 Pori. See Björneborg Porkala, 2196 Porkaludd, 2062 Porkkalanniemi. See Porkaludd Portugal, 1662, 1668, 1672, 1688, 1690, 1713, 1717 Poznan, 1761, 1763–1770, 1799, 1808, 1817, 1831 Prenzlau, 1786 Prussia, 1608–1609, 1613, 1616–1617, 1619, 1622–1623, 1625–1628, 1630, 1632–1637, 1640–1644, 1647–1648, 1651–1654, 1657–1658, 1660–1663, 1665–1667, 1669, 1674–1675, 1679, 1689, 1691, 1693, 1699–1700, 1703–1704, 1706, 1708, 1710, 1714, 1718, 1721–1723, 1725, 1727–1729, 1743–1749, 1754, 1756, 1759–1760, 1762–1763, 1767, 1771, 1774–1775, 1780, 1782, 1788, 1792–1795, 1798, 1800, 1802, 1804–1805, 1807, 1811–1814, 1816, 1818–1822, 1824, 1827, 1829, 1832–1833, 1835, 1847–1848, 1858–1859, 1861–1862, 1867, 1870–1871, 1875, 1878, 1922, 2028, 2071–2072, 2089, 2093, 2102–2103, 2105–2107, 2109, 2121, 2123, 2136, 2142, 2180, 2183–2184, 2206, 2210, 2213, 2220, 2231 Przemysl, 1844, 1864

index Pskov, 1938 Puck, 1617, 1626, 1663, 1667, 1669, 1699, 1714, 1718, 1727, 1736, 1746–1747, 1775, 1859, 1862 Puck Bay, 1617, 1775 Pyrzyce, 1813 Ralswick, 1812, 1816 Rapperswil, 1863 Ratan, 2062 Rega River, 1787 Reval, 1635, 1690, 1715, 1790, 1917, 1922, 1926, 1937–1938, 1945, 1980, 2054, 2078, 2080, 2114, 2136, 2138, 2147, 2149–2151, 2168, 2194, 2196, 2214, 2226, 2257. See also Tallinn Rewel, 1727 Rhine River, 2027 Rhineland, 1624, 1691 Riga, 1609, 1618, 1642–1643, 1669, 1690–1691, 1714, 1726, 1770, 1809, 1833, 1842–1843, 1849, 1851, 1853, 1863, 1870, 1908, 1931, 1938, 1940, 1944–1945, 1980, 2012, 2078, 2100, 2111, 2136, 2138, 2147, 2149–2151, 2170, 2180, 2186–2187, 2189, 2194, 2201, 2210, 2214, 2257, 2263 Romania, 1864 Rome, 1713, 1717, 1832 Roskilde, 1998, 2010, 2013, 2076, 2265 Rostock, 1619, 1649, 1669, 1690–1691, 1715, 1717, 1726, 1771, 1918, 2011–2012, 2089–2090, 2138, 2182, 2187, 2189, 2247, 2263 Rostov-on-Don, 1872–1873 Rotterdam, 1620, 1624, 1626, 1783, 2095, 2263 Rügen, 1619, 1715, 1763, 1778, 1780, 1789–1790, 1795–1796, 1804, 1819, 1867, 2027, 2142, 2183, 2210 Ruhde, 2215 Ruhnu, 2080 Runö. See Ruhnu Russia, 1608–1609, 1611, 1613, 1616, 1618, 1622–1623, 1633–1634, 1641–1643, 1647–1650, 1652, 1658, 1662, 1668–1669, 1672, 1675, 1678–1681, 1688–1689, 1692, 1694–1695, 1698, 1701–1706,

2317

1709–1711, 1713, 1715, 1717, 1719, 1721, 1723, 1725–1728, 1730, 1732, 1738, 1745, 1750, 1756–1758, 1760, 1762, 1765, 1767, 1775, 1780, 1785–1786, 1790, 1793, 1795, 1797, 1804, 1806, 1809, 1818–1819, 1821, 1824, 1826, 1832–1833, 1837–1839, 1843, 1846–1847, 1851, 1853, 1858–1859, 1861, 1866–1867, 1870, 1872, 1874–1875, 1877, 1883–1948, 1960, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1990, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2009–2010, 2012, 2018, 2027–2028, 2030, 2032–2033, 2039–2040, 2042–2043, 2052, 2054, 2057, 2061, 2077, 2089–2090, 2094, 2106, 2110–2111, 2114, 2120–2123, 2126, 2133, 2135–2136, 2138–2139, 2141, 2143, 2145, 2149, 2151, 2153, 2159, 2161, 2163, 2170–2172, 2178, 2180, 2189, 2193–2194, 2196, 2200, 2209, 2218, 2220, 2222, 2226, 2229, 2231, 2233, 2235, 2237, 2239, 2241, 2243, 2245, 2247, 2249, 2254, 2256, 2266 Rybinsk, 1914 Ryssgården, 2235, 2243–2244, 2247 Rzecki, 1814 Saaremaa, 2054, 2080, 2128, 2150, 2161–2162, 2170, 2186, 2210. See also Ösel Samogitia, 1783 Sardinia, 2039 Särö, 2042 Sastama, 2215 Saxony, 1691, 1809, 1837, 2039, 2090, 2095, 2220 Scania, 1617, 1876, 1984–1985, 1993–1994, 1998, 2009, 2011, 2167, 2169. See also Skåne Schleswig, 1613, 1619, 1636, 1808, 1819 Schlüsselburg, 1895–1897, 1921 Schwedt, 1786 Schwerin, 1666, 1843, 2027, 2220, 2228 Scotland, 1672, 1686, 1717, 1785, 1830 Sicily, 1813 Sideby, 2042 Silesia, 1879 Skagsudde, 2042

2318

index

Skåne, 1984–1985, 1987, 1989, 1992–1995, 1998–1999, 2002, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014, 2034, 2048, 2153, 2167, 2169, 2265. See also Scania Skorzewscy, 1769–1770 Slawno, 1809 Slite, 2162 Slupia River, 1773 Slupsk, 1727, 1772–1773, 1782, 1787, 1800, 1811, 1813 Småland, 2048 Söderköping, 1983, 2062, 2135, 2153, 2189, 2226, 2261, 2276–2278 Södermanland, 2025, 2047 Södermöre, 2213 Sound, 1782, 1786, 1796, 1825, 2014, 2049, 2062, 2153, 2163, 2230, 2237, 2239, 2257 Spain, 1662, 1668, 1672, 1688–1690, 1713, 1717, 1840, 1842, 1866, 1922, 1946, 2034, 2039 Spantekov/Spantekow, 1789, 1791, 1810 Spree, 1786 St. Petersburg, 1608–1609, 1617–1618, 1660, 1809, 1825, 1845–1846, 1863, 1867, 1872–1874, 1876, 1883–1904, 1906–1920, 1922–1936, 1938–1939, 1941–1947, 2057, 2095, 2111, 2136, 2159, 2173, 2199, 2254 Stade, 1809, 1908, 2059–2060, 2142, 2205–2206 Stafsund, 2195–2196 Stantekow, 1789 Stargard, 1782, 1784, 1787, 1809, 1813–1817, 1864 Steninge, 2196 Stenshuvud, 2042 Stepnica, 1782 Stettin. See Szczecin Stockholm, 1608, 1617–1618, 1643, 1669, 1715, 1756, 1758, 1788, 1825, 1833, 1908, 1918, 1926, 1938–1940, 1942, 1965, 1973–1978, 1980–1981, 1983, 2003, 2005, 2015, 2017, 2020, 2022–2023, 2025–2026, 2029–2033, 2035–2038, 2040–2041, 2044–2047, 2049–2054, 2056–2058, 2061–2073, 2075, 2077–2079, 2081, 2083–2084, 2086–2088, 2091–2094,

2097, 2099–2101, 2103–2104, 2106–2117, 2119, 2121, 2124, 2126–2127, 2129–2130, 2132, 2134–2135, 2138–2144, 2146, 2148, 2152–2155, 2157–2158, 2160, 2162, 2164, 2166, 2168–2171, 2173, 2177, 2179, 2181–2182, 2184–2185, 2189–2192, 2194–2195, 2197–2201, 2203–2204, 2206, 2209, 2212, 2214–2215, 2217, 2219–2221, 2223, 2225–2235, 2237–2248, 2250, 2253–2258, 2271, 2273, 2275, 2283, 2285, 2294–2295, 2302 Stolbovo, 1936, 1938, 1939 Stolp. See Slupsk Stralsund, 1609, 1613, 1618, 1620, 1649, 1669, 1689, 1691, 1715, 1726, 1756, 1787, 1789–1791, 1795, 1799, 1804, 1824, 1908, 1985, 1998, 2011–2012, 2016, 2090, 2118, 2121, 2127, 2138, 2142, 2168, 2180, 2183, 2187, 2220, 2228, 2247, 2263 Strömstad, 1964–1965, 1968–1970, 1983, 2062 Strupö, 2169 Strzelce Kraj, 1814 Sundsvall, 2203 Svappavaara, 2161–2162 Svealand, 2049, 2203 Sweden, 1608, 1611, 1613, 1616, 1618, 1622, 1624–1627, 1630–1636, 1639, 1641–1643, 1647–1650, 1655–1658, 1661–1666, 1668–1669, 1672, 1674–1675, 1678, 1680, 1683, 1688–1689, 1693, 1696, 1698, 1701, 1703, 1705, 1709, 1711, 1713, 1715, 1717, 1721–1722, 1726–1727, 1730–1733, 1735, 1738, 1740, 1746–1747, 1753–1754, 1756–1758, 1762–1763, 1765, 1767–1768, 1775, 1777, 1780, 1782–1783, 1785–1791, 1795–1800, 1802, 1804, 1806, 1809, 1812–1813, 1816–1821, 1824, 1829, 1832–1833, 1835, 1837, 1839–1840, 1842–1843, 1849, 1851–1852, 1858–1859, 1861–1862, 1866–1867, 1870–1871, 1874–1875, 1877, 1897, 1908, 1910, 1912–1913, 1917–1919, 1921–1923, 1925–1927, 1936–1943, 1951–2305

index Swidwin, 1813 Swina River, 1782 Swinoujscie, 1619, 1715, 1780, 1795, 1800 Switzerland, 1765, 2180 Szczecin, 1608–1610, 1616, 1618–1619, 1621, 1625–1626, 1640, 1643, 1669, 1685, 1690, 1700, 1714, 1727, 1744, 1746, 1749, 1756, 1762–1763, 1771, 1773, 1775, 1777–1792, 1794–1796, 1799–1805, 1807–1817, 1820, 1825, 1833–1834, 1842–1843, 1859, 1862, 1867, 1874, 1876, 1908, 1926, 2012, 2114, 2141–2142, 2180, 2182–2183, 2189 Szkarpawa River, 1656, 1657 Tallinn, 1635, 1669, 1690, 1715, 1790, 1917, 1922, 1926, 1937–1938, 1945, 1980, 2054–2054, 2056, 2078, 2080, 2114, 2136, 2138, 2147, 2149–2151, 2168, 2194, 2196, 2214, 2226, 2257. See also Reval Tartu, 1714, 1726, 1861, 1940, 1983, 2054, 2078, 2147, 2152, 2181, 2203, 2214, 2257. See also Dorpat Tavastehus, 2210 The Hague, 1618, 1620, 1624, 1795, 1824, 1840, 1845, 1848, 1985, 2085, 2094–2095, 2254 Tichvin, 2178 Tidö, 2088, 2093, 2098, 2101, 2105, 2109, 2113, 2123, 2181, 2212–2214 Tikhvin, 1940–1942 Tikhvinka River, 1941 Tolkmicko, 1642–1643, 1647, 1649–1650, 1699, 1714, 1727, 1753–1755 Torhamn, 2042 Torneå, 2063, 2065, 2155, 2201, 2210, 2248 Torun, 1610, 1615, 1631–1632, 1722, 1736, 1818, 1820–1823, 1825–1831, 1834–1836, 1842, 1848, 1861 Toytenwinckel, 2215 Trosa, 2153 Trzebiatow, 1619, 1715, 1727, 1787 Trzebiez, 1800 Turkey, 1668, 1717, 1866, 1870, 1878, 2039 Turku, 1983, 2062, 2138, 2175,

2319

2187–2188, 2193–2194, 2203, 2210, 2234 Tver, 1914 Ückermünde. See Ueckermünde Uddevalla, 1613, 1971–1972, 1983, 2062, 2234 Ueckermünde, 1620, 1715, 1782, 1800 Ukraine, 1876, 1879, 2039 Uleåborg, 2062, 2210 Umeå, 2203 Uppland, 2047 Uppsala, 1756, 1758, 1975, 1981, 2060, 2099, 2126, 2142, 2148, 2189, 2204, 2224, 2248, 2254, 2258, 2299 Usedom, 1620, 1715, 1795, 1867, 2142, 2183, 2199 Ustka, 1727, 1773, 1787, 1797 Utrecht, 1688 Uusikaupunki. See Nystad Uznam, 1640 Vaasa. See Vasa Vallisaare, 1937 Valmiera. See Wolmar Vänern, Lake, 2049 Varberg, 2005–2007, 2062, 2226 Värmland, 2047 Vasa, 1626, 2062, 2155 Västerås, 2154 Västerbotten, 2048, 2175 Västergötland, 2048 Västervik, 1983, 2016, 2062, 2135, 2145, 2153, 2162, 2214, 2234, 2258, 2261, 2274–2275, 2279–2282 Västmanland, 2047, 2161–2162 Vättern, Lake, 2049, 2265 Vaxholm, 2062 Venice, 1713, 1832, 2039 Ventspils, 1911, 1918, 1926 Verden, 2059–2061, 2076, 2090, 2092, 2136–2137, 2142, 2205–2206, 2210 Viborg, 2111, 2114, 2136, 2138, 2189, 2210, 2214. See also Viipuri, Vyborg Vienna, 1713, 1843, 1876, 1878, 1895, 1900, 2095, 2292 Viipuri, 1859, 1908, 1913, 1917, 1922, 1938, 1940, 2114, 2136, 2138,

2320

index

2189, 2210, 2214. See also Viborg, Vyborg Vilnius, 1713, 1746, 1834, 1836 Virumaa. See Wierland Visby, 1635, 1669, 1690–1691, 2062, 2128, 2135, 2203, 2282, 2284, 2286, 2290, 2292–2294, 2296–2297, 2299–2305 Vistula Bay, 1656–1659, 1699 Vistula River, 1624, 1627, 1633, 1640–1641, 1659, 1675–1676, 1698–1699, 1738, 1743, 1775, 1819, 1824–1825, 1837, 1849, 1851, 1856, 1867 Volkhov River, 1896 Vuojoki, 2196 Vyborg, 1859, 1908, 1913, 1917, 1922, 1938, 1940. See also Viborg, Viipuri Walachia, 2039 Wallonia, 2145 Warmia, 1755–1758, 1760 Warnemünde, 2090, 2227–2228 Warp. See Warpno Warpno, 1782, 1800, 1810–1812 Warsaw, 1610, 1612, 1629, 1631–1632, 1637, 1639–1640, 1642, 1645, 1648, 1651, 1654–1657, 1667–1668, 1670–1671, 1673, 1675, 1677, 1679–1681, 1683–1684, 1687, 1692, 1694–1697, 1700, 1702, 1704–1705, 1707–1708, 1710, 1712, 1716, 1719, 1721, 1723, 1725, 1727–1729, 1731–1733, 1735–1736, 1738, 1740, 1742, 1744–1745, 1747, 1749–1752, 1754–1755, 1764, 1766, 1769–1770, 1772, 1784, 1789, 1792, 1794, 1799, 1801, 1803, 1805, 1808, 1810, 1812, 1814–1815, 1817, 1821–1823, 1830, 1836–1838, 1840–1841, 1844–1848, 1850, 1852–1857, 1860–1861, 1863–1866, 1868–1869, 1872–1873, 1879 Warta River, 1785 Wawel, 1864 Weimar, 2039 Wenden, 1714, 2180, 2213

Wesenberg, 2149 Weser River, 2027, 2060 Wesseldorf, 2215 West Indies, 2145, 2172 Westphalia, 1691, 1791, 1807, 1816, 2060, 2089–2090, 2142, 2183, 2228 White Sea, 1796 Wiek, 2054 Wielkopolska, 1768 Wien. See Vienna Wierland, 2054, 2150 Wiessenstein, 2149 Windau. See Ventspils Wisloujscie, 1617, 1624–1625, 1627, 1632, 1636, 1656, 1659–1660, 1665, 1678, 1694, 1699, 1701–1702, 1704, 1709, 1745, 1748, 1775, 1825, 1859 Wismar, 1609, 1620, 1649, 1691, 1715, 1717, 1804, 1820, 1833, 1867, 2118, 2125, 2127, 2136–2137, 2140–2142, 2147, 2187, 2205–2206, 2227–2228, 2263 Wloclawek, 1864 Wolgast, 1620, 1715, 1726, 1787–1792, 1805, 2127, 2142, 2182, 2199 Wolin, 1609, 1619, 1727, 1778, 1780, 1782, 1786, 1795, 1797, 1798, 1800 Wokowsk, 1851 Wollin, 1715, 1800, 2142, 2182–2183, 2199 Wolmar, 2213 Wosel, 2215 Wroclaw, 1620–1621, 1628, 1700, 1744, 1746, 1749, 1874, 1876–1879 Wschowa, 1864 Würtemberg, 2090 Yaroslavl, 1914 Ystad, 1983, 2007, 2062, 2129–2130, 2135, 2167 Zamosc, 1830, 1856 Zarnowiec, 1629–1630 Zarrentin, 2199 Zealand, 1623, 1775, 1875 Zwierzyniec, 1856 Zwolle, 1620, 1727