AVESTA READER FIRST SERIES EASIER TEXTS, NOTES, AND VOCABULARY BY
A. V.
WILLIAMS JACKSON
OF COLUMBIA COLLEGE,
NEW YORK
STUTTGART \V.
K O H L H A M M E R 1893
CITY
This
little
book
is
inscribed in
remembrance
of the late
Kommerzienrat "W.
Kohlhammer
as a token of regard.
280323
PREFACE. This
book
little
beyond furnishing
lays in
no claim
to
As
those beginning to study the Avesta.
an
for
merely
introduction,
of a series
first
and being
The
it
is
designed
for
intended as
the
number of pages
selections here given are
easily be mastered
may
the
of reading books,
of texts has been limited.
such as
any special merit
convenient form some material
by
a class in one college
moreover,
always finds a certain degree of pleasure and satisfaction in a book that can be read through in a comparatively short time, and he feels
term;
he
is
the beginner,
making a
certain
amount of progress when another With that in view, a second
book has
to be taken up.
volume
being prepared,
and
is
this
will
contain
longer texts
be so arranged as to imply a step in advance. The present selections in prose and verse, are fairly will
as far as excerpts
representative,
can be,
of Yasna, Vis-
parad, Yasht, and Vendidad. The chapters Ys. 26 and 57 are given complete. The passage from Vd. 19 has the advantage of presenting a specimen of texts in which
grammatical decay
The notes cise,
but
will also
it
is
to be observed.
in general
is
prove
hoped
have been made brief and con-
that
beside
useful in giving
being explanatory they
the student an occasional
Preface.
vi
regarding books of reference, and will thus interest of the subject. brief list of useful
hint
him
A
in the literature
books has already been given Attention
p. xl-xlii.
translation
now
is
in
Avesta
Grammar
by Darmesteter, Le Zend-Avesta
Part
(3 volumes,
me
1892-3), the last two volumes of which reached
Paris
book was already
after the greater part of the present
press;
I
was pleased, however,
i,
new Avesta
also called to the
in
to note several co-incidences
of certain Yasht and Vendidad passages. The vocabulary has been made a little more full
in interpretation
perhaps than sire to give
able, for
necessary; but this was done from a de-
is
the
beginner a
fair
start.
It
and to designate the verb forms in full. ferent plan will be followed in the Second
With regard
seemed
add frequent grammatical
example, to
to the
etymologies
in
A
advis-
references, slightly dif-
Series.
the
vocabulary,
comparison has been confined to Sanskrit, Old Persian, It is presupposed, of course, Pahlavi, and New Persian. that the student has
comparisons with
made some progress
in Sanskrit.
Old Persian, Pahlavi and
New
The
Persian
added, not at all with the idea that they will be mastered by a beginner, but in order to show the pupil are
the side
importance of the Iranian as well as the Sanskrit of interpretation, and to familiarize him with the
studies
next
akin to his subject.
Old Persian
is
easily
mastered after Avestan, and the earnest student will soon discover that the well-equipped scholar can not of course long dispense with Pahlavi and
New
Persian.
The
'tradi-
and 'comparative' method must go hand in hand. In preparing the book I have had before me VV. Geiger's Handbuch der Awe staspr ache, the manual with which 1
tional'
first
began
my
Avesta
studies.
Of
course C. de Harlez'
Preface.
yj{
Manuel de rAvesta, and Bartholomae's Altiranische Dialekte have been often consulted. Justi's Handbuch der was necessarily used at every step and Lanman's admirable Sanskrit Reader furnished many a ZendspracJie
;
hint or apt English rendering for kindred Avesta-Sanskrit
The material for comparison with Old Persian was drawn from Spiegel's Altpersische Keilinschriften ; and that for comparison with Pahlavi words, mainly
words.
and Index of Arda of New Persian, reference was made
from West's the case
Glossary
Viraf.
In
to Vullers-'
Lexicon Persico-Latinum and to Palmer's Persian- English Dictionary. Paul Horn's new Grundriss der Neupersischen
Etymologic (Strassburg 1893) came
was reading the
final
but happily as I revision of the proof-sheets of the late
vocabulary; from this source, therefore, a number of good additions were made. To each of the above authors I desire
to
made
cordial
acknowledgment.
To my
friend
Professor Karl F. Geldner rny sincerest thanks as always are due.
With give
which
this
word, and with the hope that scholars
their helpful I
criticism,
corrections
and suggestions,
and personally acknowledge, started on its course.
shall gladly
Avesta Reader
is
this little
A. V. Williams Jackson September 1893.
will
Columbia College
NEW YORK
CITY.
CONTENTS. PREFACE. TEXTS TRANSCRIPTION OF AVRSTAN ALPHABET ABBREVIATIONS NOTKS ON THE TEXTS
V
VII
-33 34
36
3748
VOCABULARY
49112
SELECTION OF TEXTS. Yasna (1)
Vs. ix. 1-8.
Duty towards the cow, the horse, and Ilaoma
(2)
Vs. 26.1-11.
Sacrifice
13)
YS
Praise of the
-
57-2-34.
and praise
to the Fravashis
.
3
S
Angel Sraosha
~3
58
.
-17
Visparad (4)
Vsp. 15.1-3.
Exhortation to righteousness and worship
iS
....
Yashts (5)
Vt. 5.1-9, 132.
Praise of the
(6)
Vt. 14.1-17.
Six incarnations of the Genius of Victory
1923 2327
The
blessings of agriculture Origin of the Towers of Silence
28-
30
31
The
J2
33
Goddess of Waters
Vendidad (7)
Yd. 3.23-29.
(8) Yd. 6.44-51. (9)
\'d.
19.5-10.
temptation of Zoroaster
30
TEXTS.
YASNA. i.
Yasna n. The cow,
Haoma, if misused, utter The homage due to Haoma.
horse,
imprecations.
V asna
i
1 1
.
-t {Kor-^)-au
Yasna
n
and
26.
II.
Yasna Sacrifice
26.
and Praise to the Fravashis.
Yasna
26.
"
3
Yasna
K*TO
-R-^^rO
v
8
io3
Do)
26.
-X"!-"^
M / ro
Xi *^- M
!)-
-"
1
J
^^-"^g-"))
7
7
Hbcvi
8
^!!)-" 1103
9
/ tO3 j -"-^-"/-"ru ^^-"^g-"))-" 1J
-^X"!- 3>5JJ
-^x^i^-^^g-^ -ilJ
!?VQ)
JJ
9
"(W!
I0
J
fO3 -"-^-"/-"f*o
^
Yasna 26 and
57.
III.
Yasna
57.
Srosh Yasht. Praise of the Angel Sraosha.
103 --"-;-"
-"
3
Yasna
57.
e
v
7
in
Yasna
TO
57.
103
-"D
9
IV
103 -^-"
.^wj
10
.^-a.
10
(oar
f( -1^ "t-"- -U
.-"->j-*A
ii
ii
v
103 ^-"^-"
12
13
-tf
-^f-
^y-"
^f^gw
13
vi
"
Yasna
1 1
57.
-w
15
vii
Yasua
57.
18
9
4t*
^-"ar
-ti-^y^
-t^j^
19
vm
Yasna
57.
13
.
-U
2O
21
23
IX
ai
x
23
Vasna
14
24
.^jj.^u-
57.
-if.
-M))
.-M/^
m
-*W(
24
25
Yasna
15
57.
27
xi
27
28
28
1
30
6
rfHTty
Yasna
57.
-fr*-wr 4^^^
31
K3ar-"-^-a/'
32
J^MJOJ^) ^jo-o)
33
^^{p ^V"ir
.-(_)
)J|-w-^
^^a^'y
4i^ J>aw
^O^JIM
iv^-"
30 xii
^ro
31
.j^wQj^|53
-l^^}
32
33 XI11
Yasna
57.
34
-
103
34
VISPARAD. IV.
Visparad Exhortation
.to
15
(
1-3).
Righteousness and Worship.
YASHTS. v.
Yasht
1-9; 132). 5 ( ArduT Sur Yasht.
Praise of Ardvi Sura Anahita, the Celestial Stream
and Goddess of Waters.
20
Yasht
5.
ov<j jV-"j Qr
-"-?
3
-"ro
4
--ovar
Yasht
5.
21
Yasht
22
5-
joiDtoro
132
~"-W-"
-"K>-u .ojj^jj^
-u^>aj 132
Yasht
5
and
14.
VI.
Yasht
14
Bahram
(
1-17). Yasht.
Six of the Incarnations of Verethraghna, Genius of Victory.
23
24
Yasht
14.
6
ii
Yasht
103 '-"-f^
14-
pro in
-M
8
g
-A -"
10
|
iv
10
26
Yasht
14.
12
^825 '^
13
14
?a;
vtojj-^-^/^ro
v AeJOrt^V'/ 15
>i-fa
(^
K?-^^)ar-"-(7-"^->(Mi3
--"ih"^*"
>>a;
^
i/p
I3
14
^^en))^-"/ .A^ar-"
15
v
Yasht
27
14.
-'
1133
16
17
vi
16
17
VENDIDAD. VII.
Vendidad 3 The 23
24
v4HM(g-
-"
Blessings of Agriculture.
.^7)cv>o J -")>*>D-"
"'ro
23-29).
(
f^o
..^-M^j-u^
P**
-v
.$V>>oji^ 23
i
24
.oj/j
25
Vendidad
29
3.
-JL
.0-J--
27
ioar- u )H
i
ro
-(7V
-*'
Vendidad
30
3
and
6.
VIII.
Vendidad
6
4451).
(
Disposal of the dead bodies. Origin of the Towers of Silence.
^}-"
44
45
46
rXy-
-JCVJ
p-"-;
.-uj^^xuj-u^^^
J
/toro
-*-"))^
!}-"
-o-ujx.
-KJK5|O-"
XJ
-X"!-
45
(OOf
OO-X'C'
?-">o-u
44
Vendidad
6.
31
V M)C*1V""VS -^K>^V
47
48
/ --"O-*^
-"K
47
^^W-"
48
-"'Of)
-"
-(7)C'|
OJ AJ ))> D-" -^X^I^uO-"^
J>
-
v-w--Lu
50
(
'K j i
49
-"))3
49
M 3
50
V*-J*QM
J>
51
51
Vendidad
32
19.
IX.
Vendidad 19
(
5-10).
The Temptation of Zoroaster by 5
-.--(^.wi^-fc
-(;&-"
^/enj^V"
-**i-"9
g
v
j
o)->j
jaj !
t
the Evil Spirit.
~"^
)jU)>
'
5
Vendidad
-"
10
33
19.
-
I0
TRANSCRIPTION OF AVESTAN ALPHABET. (Compared with
Ilandhuch der Zendsprache.)^
Justi,
A. Vowels.
.......-* a
Short
>
i
a
d
-***
Long
u
>
u
i
y
I
&
$
o e
n
j
<>
if''
*V.
\***
d
e
(ej
o
~^
(e)
d
ii
u
f
*
\
(e)
CD
(do)
)c
(3)
B. Consonants.
Guttural
k
9
}y fy
k
Palatal
g
C
\>
/
t
i*
b
/
A
/ J
d ^/
^
(dh) OW
n
#n
(n)
4am
(n)
m
w
b
V
(*
I
n
(n)
(t)
W
^
.
V
?
d
f
p Nasal
d
J$
ft
(th)
pp
Labial
J
^
(i^k)
^j
c
Dental
g
(
(kh)
Semivowel and
W
Liquid
y
()
(i)
*
Aspiration
.
.
.
.
r**
2 () V (u)
v
^S^ w /
S
*"
-o
h
^ k
h
Ligature
(j
r
v
u
Sibilant
r
^
3
/ Z
qfoZ
(q)
fo
(
'-
Forms in parentheses () show >\hert Justi has lieen deviated Irom. The si^ns t, u need only be employed for purely scientilic pur-
poses; the letters
fully 1
The
r,
v for both
initial
and internal
rt)
w ,
^)
)),
answer
for practical purposes.
The
single
differentiation
si^n
.?
is
/,
/,
ordinarily
/ need only be made in scientific articles. quite sufficient for the three -t), gj, TO.
NOTES ON THE
TEXT.
ABBREVIATIONS. adj.
= adjective = adverbial = class
-
Afr.
Afringan
advl.
A.O.S.
cl.
B.B.
=
IF.
especially
esp.
=
et al.
et alia
fr.
indecl.
num.
= =-.
orig.
-
Manuscripts
Naryosangh
Ny. -- Nyaish P.
original, originally
1'hl.Vers.
=
opposed
Sir.
Skt.
Vd.
participle
ptcpl.
=
sb., subst.
=
substantive
Ys.
verb, verbal
Yt.
= with wk. = weak
Visparad 1
= =
--
Younger Yasna
Zend-Avesta
Zl'hl. Gl.
1
For explanation of GAv., YAv. see Gr,
2
All
(Stuttgart
references
1892).
to
Cr.
(
)
are
A vesta
Yasht
Z.A.
w.
Pahlavi Version
Sacred Books of East
r
VAv.
strong
=
=
= Sirosah = Sanskrit = \ enclidad
Vsp.
secondary
vb., vbl.
Persian
S.B.E.
to
= paragraph pret. = preterite
=
~
Nar.
par.
str.
Manuscript
MSS.
nomen proprium
Zeitschrift
-
numeral
opp., opp. to
scdry.
Indo-Iranian
Kuhn's
MS.
infinitive
noin. propr.
Indogermanische Forschungen
K.Z.
indeclinable
=~-
=
infin.
A vesta
Gatha
Grammar
Ind.tran.
example from
expl.
=
Gr. 2
declension
Bezzenberger's Beitrage
=
GAv. 1
compound
cpd. dcln.
American Oriental Society
=
to
= p.
Zand-Pahlavi Glossary \lvii.
Jackson,
Avesta
Grammar
n
Yasna On
General Remarks. sec Gr. Introd. p. xvii
The
13.
Notes.
book of the Yasna and
the
selection
present
its
from
it
divisions, is
one of
u, which were specially recited in preparing the sacrifice. The verses of this short chapter, mingled
three chapters, Ys. 9, 10,
Haoma
as part of the
with the prose lines of the liturgy, formed the conclusion of the Haoma ritual. The sacred wine was then drunk by the priest, and the perfor-
mance of The
the Yasna sacrifice continued.
introductory verses here given narrate how three good creatures, misused, will utter imprecations; the closing stanzas are in praise of Haoma. The Metre may be compared with the Sanskrit floka but is
if
sometimes defective; occasionally it reminds one of the Kalwala verse of See Gr. Part II, chap, on Metre. Longfellow's Hiawatha. Ys. xi. I.
as pas c a
gau$
creatures rior, k>ji
are
haomasca: respectively
the
inference
is
plausible
typical of the three classes,
that
priest.
stain balisahe: the Phi. Vers. renders 'who dost not give See Vocabulary. precious thing (to worthy people)'. Ys.
apparently the second, or see above.
warrior
tnqm zavar': on the construction, cf. 6>. po*rn-maiii kar$ay&: either in the YS. :
me
as a
1 1.2.
aspo buSarzm: to
the three
peasant, war-
class
is
here alluded
930. race or in battle.
11.3.
presumably an allusion
to
the
priest who does not
fulfil
his duty.
tsm dSraythi: from being prepared'.
the
1
'hi.
Vers.
renders
'who
witholdest
me
Ys. 11.4.
pi La: Ahura Mazda
is
of course to he understood (sec next paragraph).
Ys. var
-na: 'serpents, snakes', as in
K.Z. xxvii. p. 588.
1 1. 6.
shown by the fragment given by Geldner,
Notes
38
Yasna
to
n
and
26.
Ys. 11.7.
according to the legend, the murderer Franrasyan (i. e. later Afrasvab), took refuge in an underground palace or iron chamber; in spite of which, however, Horn captured
fr*9r*3yf*m,..pairiJlkalt9m:
him.
See Darmesteter, Etudes Iran'tunnes,
vol. xxiii.
vol. u. pp.
64 note, 144; Le Zend-Avesta,
pp.
vol.
i.
225-229; S.B.E., p.
ill
note.
Yasna 26 Notes. General Remark.
In
performance of the Yasna
the
sacrifice
this
chapter i.s recited by the priest (Zut) and his assistant (R&spl) as part of the invocation of the Fravashis. short
YS. 26.1. s ta o
mi
zba ytmi ufy e m i : compare the formulaic yasnUtca vahtnaica
Ys. 57.6 et
etc.
al.
Ys. 26.4.
ah tint
...
be usual
fravaflm:
faculties of
ahu
The same
man.
five-fold classification of the spiritual
division
is
found also
in later
Parsism
aAa) spirit, breath of life'; (2) dafna (Hhl. din} conscience'; (3) baodah (Phi. bod} 'consciousness, perception'; (i)
!
(Phi.
(Phi. rufi
from which
from nian
urvan
($)'/r
'soul',-
g?u3 huJ&vho:
'religion, (4)
all
(
animals are sprung.
his counterpart Gayo-mareton>
Adam, who was
Similarly,
mankind are descended
the primitive man, a sort of Ira-
also slain by Ahriman.
See Ys. 26.5 below.
YS. 26.9.
uzdaftyunqm^a: other lands
Zoroastrianlsm
besides Iran,
distinctly
cf. Yt.
recognized the righteous in a glimpse of the idea
13.143,144
of the universal brotherhood of mankind.
Ys. 26.10.
kaca
& saoSyantSt: an
coming of the Saviour (Saoabout equivalent to 'from here shyantj. Lhe beginning of the world to the resurrection', cf. i Corinthians xv-45...
The phrase haca
allusion to the
a
etc.
is
Ys. 26.11,
rvqno
...
cf. Yt.
y& J ravaj&yd-
13.17.
The
relative
here the souls of the dead are Fravashis,
y&
(f.)
is
attracted to fravafayo.
Notes to Yasna 57.
39
Yasna 57 Notes. Two
General Remark.
Yashts (Vs. 57, Yt.
n)
dedicated
are
to
The latter Sraosha the divinity of Religious Obedience and Devotion. Yasht (Yt. ix) is commonly termed Srosh Yasht H&dhokht and is rather more liturgical of the two. The former, our present selection (Ys. 57), the Srosh Yasht si shaba or '.Srosh Yasht of the Three Nights', since it
the is
is
used at funeral ceremonies during the
as well as being in Avesta, vol.
Kardes
i.
common
nights after the decease,
See Darmesteter,
Le.
Zend-
The MSS.
generally divide this Yasna into thirteen each of which closes with the repetition of a formula.
p. 358.
'sections',
three
use at the sacrifice.
Ys. 57-1.
a$9tn whit: the opening verse beginning with these words, merely of formulas;
it
is
consists
therefore here omitted.
Ys. 57-2-
fr as lyr* tap pai ii
bar*si3n:
on the construction,
cf.
Gr.
966 N.
I.
a Dvandva compound (Gr. ij 879 expl.), and it refers apparently to Mithra and Rashnu, the keeper and the judge at the Cinvat liridge after death. It seems at least reasonable to regard
pSyii
pwdr$tara:
Mithra
sume
(cf.
that
Yt. 10) as the watchful guardian (/>dyu);
Rashnu the
Just
balance the deeds of men,
The
(cf.
it
is
fair to
pre-
who weighs in the pwor'star who has the decision.
Yt. 12), the divinity
may be
the
Phi. Vers., moreover, supports the view as
it
actually glosses the
keeper and former Mithra'; it fails to recognize the dual of the Dvandva, treats the words as singular, and hence makes no mention of Rashnu. as p&tiak barinkar Mitro 'the
phrase
Ys. 57-3 ray
.
.
yasna: on
the construction,
cf.
Gr.
941 expl.
Ys. 57-6.
pryafystt$
etc.:
nouns in explanatory apposition to bar'sma. Ys. 57-8.
ga& frasr&vaya$ trical selections',
afsmanivqn: who :
chanted the Gathas, the me-
etc.
Ys. 57-10.
yapa
<&/<&
hence
na^dyf&vksm:
tta*dc (d) rather
reminiscence
a
of the Gathas (Ys. 34.80),
than na'd (d).
Ys. 57-11.
fnr 9 za*dim: the
MSS. reading
Phi. Vers. has for'zaiflm, this
buiand
'tall'
which would rather favor the
would imply a stem
bir'zaftya-.
Notes
AQ
to
Yasna
57.
Ys. 57.14-
d iir
'there
vdi j>i.& ve* )f,ti: compare the words of the Psalmist (Ps. xci.io) shall no evil befall thee, neither .shall any plague come
nigh
thy
t
.
.
dwelling'. Ys. 57-15-
vis pay co
f rnvOis ga epayco:
l
i.
e.
the prosperity of
all
mankind'.
The
Phi. Vers. has farulftlih 'prosperity, comfort, growth'.
Ys. 57-18.
frSnS-mS^te
fiwcrejaj: on the syntax, see Gr.
962
expl.
Ys. 57-20.
pap a. vac'tv pa* i-i.gu.va (.&:
the Phi. Vers. glosses 'he speakes prolecz acj zak pdndkiJt yemaUltincd ... For the form />a V/.Y# (Geldner's text) instead of ga (as here), see Gr. 354, 193 N. 2. tion'
etc.
...
Ys. 57-24.
diienu.disd datnaydi: Av.
for the ap[>arent
vispa'tiDt Yt. 10.18,
visit
On dafnayai sec fraor*nta ..//
Gr. .
.
etc.,
redundancy compare the phrase, visam R.V. 3.13.5.
Skt. vispdl'un
957.
Jra:
for
the
of fr&,
repetition
cf.
6V.
752
N. 2 expl.
Ys. 57-25.
ahecn avbJus: on
the syntax,
drva^byo kacnfbyo: on
cf.
Gr.
977.
the collocation (m. n.
f.)
.see
Gr.
906.
Ys. 57.27a say a: the Phi. Vers. has silyako -_- P. sSyah, as Dr E. W. West kindly wrote me (Dec. 5 1888); hence the suggestion 'not casting a shadow', with which Geldner compares the Skt. epithet chayadvitiyii 'accom-
panied by a shadow', the characteristic mark distinguishing the divinities
MBh.
man from
3.57.25.
Ys. 57-28.
Ssyavha aspacUiya;
on the dual number here,
cf.
Gr.
908 N.
2 expl.
Ys. 57-29-
av t vyt-iyti
ave df?ntc:
i. e. 'they pursue and overtake others, but they themselves never can be overtaken'; ave refers both times lo the horses of Sraosha.
...
Ys. 57-3e
kindvo;
Vers, has
it;
the
river
of the Orient
the river in the west
is
is
the-
Indus, as the Phi.
perhaps the Tigris.
Notes
to
Yasna
57, Visparad 15
and Yasht
41
5.
Ys. 57-31-
anir ap? in: karsvar the one on which we
middle one of the seven Karshvars and
the
hf
The names of
live.
the seven are given at
vd. 19.39. Ys. 57-33:
on the form
cf.
Gr.
232, 906.
Visparad 15 On
General Remark. Introd. p. xviii
14.
the Visparad and
Gr.
485
re-
'pay',
authority.
see Skt.
da
as
...
n&
t ft
yj
cf.
itto,
Gr.
...
fravakagca
n&
verb here
is
to pay off the deficits (i. See 6V. Introd. p. xxviii 44.
PWb. rndm
Here anuyamnaiH
The
order
'in
it
passive
voku vastrya.
expl.), the subject is
dare.
with which
15.1.
MS.
da-, da\uldin dd~,
cf.
in the
e.
On ]/V-
Lat. peenas
a regular instrumental of means, price.
is
Vsp. i
connection
in
2),
Life Book) with a surplus'. 'give'
compare Gr.
as an introduction to
etc.
anuyamnais:
ttyatnna
character,
was
par.
(cf.
Vsp.
(cf.
its
hence the significance of the allusions fravakaeca
so reading with
vyr'zyatqw:
Notes.
/fhe Karde here given serves
the Yasna Ilaptanhaiti cited at the ritual;
(1-3)
15-2.
i$to: the GAv. endings give an archaic tone. 1010 Note.
anapyufyte: on
the locatives see Gr.
On
992.
Yasht 5(1-9; General Remarks. the selection p. xviii
is It
15.
taken,
is
132) Notes. The Aban Yasht 'Yasht of Waters' from which
one of the longest of the Yashts,
cf.
Gr. Introd.
celebrates the praises of Ardvi Sura Anahita, the Celestial
Stream and Goddess of Waters, describes her descent from the heavens, and her worship, and closes with a description of her appearance. The worship of Ardvi Sura Anahita was widely spread in the East.
She appears as Anahata Artaxerxes
Plutarch, etc.,
Only here given.
in
the cuneiform inscription of the- Persian king
(4th century B.C.);
and she became
the
opening
her
name
(AvatTts)
familiar in Greece as
sections
and
closing
is
found
in
Venus Anahita
verse
of
the
Strabo, "
Yasht
are
Notes
42
to
Yasht
5.
Yt. 5-4for the masc. (instead of fern.)
yeyke:
a/ie Yt. 5.9
cf.
see Gr.
form,
903 N.
i.
and
below. Yt. 5-5
the
vi.Jas'a'ti:
mode
subjunctive
here,
as
also
at
Vs. 57.31 avasa'te,
seems to denote the repetition or continuity of the act; the idea seems to be developed from the future force of
Ys. 57.25 gtr'wjiqn,
the subjunctive.
vJspffiS aoi karjvqn:
cf.
Gr.
228, 402.
Yt.
hizvar'na:
5-6-
the reading of this word, as well as
its meaning, is not clear. been read and explained as 'with mighty power'. Perhaps the word is to be connected with Jtizti- 'tongue' (q. v.) and |/V- 'move', and to be referred to Ormazd's act of creat-
By some,
huzvar'na,
has
ing by a mere word, a
movement
of the tongue.
Yt. 5-7.
as pi), sta oyehi f: better here
to omit the punctuation (v)
after l-azu.staoyehi; all that intervenes
srlr-a
...
a*rva*ti:
is
and
insert
it
parenthetic.
these two epithets, iike
the
ma^tiimna,
participle
Ardvi Sura the subject of sispata.
refer to
Yt. 5.9-
ahe ray a:,
kaomayd:
see note- on par. 4 yeyhc. thus good MS. authority; the form
is
perhaps to be explained
as borrowed from such a passage as Yt. 14.5 (see below'j, Ny. 4.9 etc.
In Yt. 14.5, Ny. 4.9,
haomayo
is
properly nom. plur.
;
it
agrees with
the subject of yazama'de and alludes to the worshippers or officiating
From such
priests.
hapmayd
(pi.)
seems
formulaic passages with yazamaide (pi.), the form to have been transferred to those like Ny. x.i6
yazSi (sg.) and the present Yt. 5.9, where the plural form haomayo is haoma yd gava be read with certain If. however, not appropriate.
MSS., is
it
open
probably must be explained as haoma, yd (asti) gava, which to objection.
yeyhe hStqm:
this
formula
commonly found
is
at the
end of the Yasna
GAv.
Ys. 51.22.
a u rvaq((t stisv&vJin: a concluding prayer that the warriors
may come
chapters,
See
GJT.
cf.
Ys. 4.26, Ys. 5.6.
introd. p. xviii
It is
a later imitation of
13 end.
Yt. 5.132-
back as successful as did those of King Vishtaspa
Notes to Yasht
Yasht 14
43
14.
(1-17) Notes.
General Remark. to
whom
this
Verethraghna, or Bahram, the Genius of Victory, dedicated, corresponds in certain respects to Indra Hindu mythology. He may in fact be regarded as the
Yasht
Vrtrahan of the
is
Iranian reflex of the latter.
The
is here given, contains some ten incarnations in which Vereihraghna appeared be-
Yasht, of which only the opening
The
64 paragraphs.
the powers which the divinity bestows upon enumerated; his glorification is enjoined.
fore Zoroaster are described his worshippers are
\
Yt. 14-1.
a Aura for
...
the regular formulaic
a$&tim:
manner
ot addressing
Ormaid;
a briefer form of Ihe same see Vd. 3.23 below. Yt. 14.2.
cf. 6V. The successive 997. as seen of to be understood are probably appearances Verethraghna by Zoroaster in a vision. Similar visions elsewhere may be cited.
jasat: on
the adjective here
Yt. 14-3-
ahmai:
in construction so. mraof.
Observe that akmai
and amavastomd Verethraghna. vtr'pravasttmo: on the instrumental, see Gr.
vrpra
is
Zoroaster.
941 end.
Yt. 14.5-
ahe raya
ySiK
..
yasna:
Gr.
941 expl. d&taill: 'according to (what are) the
ha o may 6:
.
cf.
first
laws'.
see Yt. 5.9 note.
Yt. 14-7.
yim upah-i sruyt:
for the
two accusatives, sec Gr.
930 N.
2.
Yt. 14.11.
ultr*ke:
the whole picture of the camel (parr.
1
1-13)
is
graphically
and
accurately drawn.
majyo. va vhahe in all times;
:
the use of camel's hair for raiment has been familiar
we need only
recall St. Matt, iii.4;
hence che appropriate-
ness of the preceding galp&uS 'shaggy'.
Yt. 14-12.
yd %$apri$va:
here yo
ya( ho 'when he
1
.
Yt. 14.13-
yqtn he difraisuktm: 'which ahead of him'.
The metre
need of supplying daema.
(i.
e.
faaprini) his far-glance descries
of the line
is
defective;
but there
is
way no
Notes to Yasht 14 and Vendidad
44
3.
Yt. 14-15. kit:
word
this
is
metrically
and stands
dissyllabic
With the combination
hii
horse) compare par.
ufirahe vadaryaoH.
(hil,
u&ra)
1 1
var&zahe
lit.
as a gen. sg. form.
'swine-boar'
generic; the second (var&za, vafiaryu)
is
Eng. studfirst term
(cf.
In each case the is
specific.
Yt. 14.17.
nar$ p a%ca. dasavho: bloom of youth, a
denotes the ideal age in the Avesta,
this
the
sort of Iranian 'sweet-sixteen', cf. Ys. 9.5; Vd. 14.15.
Vendidad
3 (23-29) Notes. The 3rd Fargard of the Vendidad comprises
General Remarks.
it describes various places and persons that delight or grieve the earth (conceived of as a divinity); it pictures the blessings of agriculture and of grain-raising; and closes with various prescriptions relating The present selection is in praise to the Holy Law and its observance.
42 sections;
of agriculture.
Vd.
d a t a r * gacpa nq in
.
.
a / <7
it
m
3.23.
note on Yt.
.see
:
tii*ri/M: for the accusative see 6V.
ya
b& pa^ti:
an&ftni
....
tracts
or
irrigation,
934.
among
rendering
in
it
arable
3.2.
by draining,
The
the ancient Iranians.
allusions to the irrigation canals both of Asia
rounding country
Vd.
cf.
changing of desert land into cultivated
conversely
played an important role
this
.
these words are to be construed together,
k* r* naoi-l i : the
by
1 4. 1
frequent
Minor and of the sur-
Xenophon's Anabasis, are not without
interest in
connection.
Vd.
sucla:
dar'ja karjivata: ..
see 6V.
word
this
997
3.24. expl.
extra mctrum, and
is
apparently
is
an expla-
natory gloss.
from a good laboring man'. faf depends 931) and refers to the idea implied in karjya.
taf,: 'desiring this (ta{)
upon a*MJ
Gr.
(cf.
a*n'i. desires a
tutpne: compare the following vatthSus husbandman, the maid desires a husband.
tion gen. dat.
(.-.=
abl.)
cf.
Gr.
Vd. ba;vi>
da$inaca:
use of tfavd as
992 N.
instr.
(cf.
arganti; the earth
On
the colloca-
957, 958, 963, 980. 3.25-
'with the left
arm and the
rvf.urvd Ys. 10.8), see Gr.
right'.
On
the
265, 983 N.,
Notes to Vendidad 3 and
bara^ti
gaonam ca&e
.
.
pu^nm
the husbandman,
is
in
6.
45
ava.bar a^ti : the
the subject in the one other case the husband he gives
her (he) a good color, or blooming appearance.
Vd. 3-27.
aeni byr'ps:
'I
'become pregnant', opp.
go laden'
shall
to
apufra
a&ti in par. 24 above. vt$p& k a r 9 lit is ... yavahc: observe the distinction between bar'titi
and yava
i.
'all
e.
sorts of fruits .shall
beside
they reap,
the
harvest
of grain'.
Vd. 3-29. hi Slake: the
pres. here,
The
fication.
like bairyehite
line metrically lacks
p9r *s mana euc a: observe ca. bad a pwqm: the form &whfind
is
below, is used with a future signia syllable.
gen. abl. and
yaefam
indirectly
be an interpolation from
5.32.15
upon
it
depends.
abya ba*rye*nte]:
[tl
this
seems
to
abya bafry&tite 'they shall be carried by these two'. see Gr. 1023 N.
tot
dim:
Vendidad General Remarks.
6 (44-51) Notes.
In the development of the Zoroastrian religion The purity of the
the worship of the elements played an important part.
earth, fire, and water, must not be defiled, especially not by contact with a corpse. Hence arose that peculiar mode of disposing of the dead, which has ever been a characteristic mark of the Parsi religion.
The body carried to
and
birds
(tanu), according to the present
some high to
place,
devour.
The bones
(azdbis) were
some
vault or receiver (uzddna) and preserved in recalls
the
antiquarian remains
have been found
prescription,
and
fastened (nidar'zay?n),
of the
left
afterwards
sort
is
to the
taken
to
be
dogs to
a
of a receptacle that
astodan or 'bone-receptacles' that
in Persia.
The present selection does not directly mention the Dakhma (datyma), but the word appears elsewhere in the Vendidad. The two-fold treatment of the body (tanti) and the bones (azdlns) may practically be paralleled in
the modern Dakhmas, or Towers of Silence.
For descriptions of the Towers of Silence Franiji Karaka's History p.
of the Par sis,
vol.
i.
p.
in
Bombay, see Dosabhai
199 seq.
125; Peshotan- and Geiger's Eastern Iranians,
vol.
;
i.
Ragozin's Media, p.
90
seq.
Notes
to
Vendidad
b.
Yd. 6.44. :
the entire
i.e.
body before denuded of
flesh,
in
with
contrast
the skeleton (nzdtiS par. 49).
Vd. 6.45-
barzi3tae$vaca />"// gatujva-fta]: i.e. -co.
sometimes also
as
'even upon the highest places'
'upon the mountains', us the Phl.Vers. stands at the opening of th sentence in Skt.
read simply gtltujva. dim: here refers to fanuw,
avazanqn
Gr.
su-nd: on the form
etc.:
explained as
these
see Gr.
'they will
the construction see Gr.
936
expl.
6.46.
accusatives,
some
others,
are
commonly
they ultimately
fall
under Gr.
like
accusatives of material';
933 933. bar3iit9tn frajasq-n:
a.
1023
siino,
Vd.
ayatthaHnyw
first
Vsp. 15.2 yasnahccci), the best MSS. omit the second -ca and
;
cf.
The
itself explain?. (cf.
go bearing'
=
'will
go and
carry'.
On
938.
Vd.
6.47.
f raja sal: on the change to singular from plural, see Gr. ka fie asti cipa: compare Gr. 1020 NT ., expl. Vd.
91
5 (4) expl.
6.48.
ait ti he pa*ti: 'on this account', i.e. come p3$i>:tinu. duyc sa'ic upaza'nqm. the subject
the person has
ip.so
facto
be-
ol upa*6i is evidently 'self. The use of self-castigation to drive out the. demon that has temporarily taken possession of the body is familiar in religious austerities. The
upazana, however, have been interpreted as referring to the killing of so and so many noxious animals (cf. Hdt. 1.140, Vd. z6.!2). The term later came to have a monetary sense; sins could be compensated for by a payment of loonfey to the priests. (iziil>i$:
the skeleton,
opposed
to (OKI/IK (cf.
par. 44),
see Ciener^l
Rr-
marks above. .
apparently a structure, vault or edifice of some sort in which
the bones
The
were placed and preserved
Phi. Vers.
rightly
l
bone-rrceptacles'. />'.
and
recognizes
See
Cabarlelli,
O. Record 1890 p.
7.
in receptacles (cf. asdaatfva, etc.V
this
by
its
Asiodtins
allusion to the uitodan
and Ar. Funeral
Rites,
Notes to Vendidad 6 and
19.
AJ.
Vd. 6.50. :
on the imperative
force of the 'injunctive',
Gr.
cf.
445 N.
2.
here to be observed that the bones (azdbti) are carefully placed 'out of reach of the voracious animals. Observe the contrast with k?rf
up ah' I spilmm:
is
it
ana*wi.v8r*.iitim:
be construed with nzdantm.
to
980 expl. apd yaf vairyaydb: compare Gr. up a ri.na em af: the better reading is upura.nasniaf. '
see
now
Geldner's
edition. >
Vd. 6.51.
yezi tavqn ntazdayasna:
as an apodosis to the condition supply
#*'-
da*pyqn from nida*Jita below. The idea is that 'according to circumstances' (yezi tavqn yezi noi$) the bones may be placed either ,
.
(yezi) in a stone receptacle,
or (yezi) in mortar,
upon the dead man's mat
laid
(Jva.sta'riS)
may be simply
or
upon the ground under
the beating sun.
as&nae$va: cf.
the Phi. Vers. has sagino 'made of stone'
Casartelli loc.
k8.tta*rif: on the rao c&.a iwi.-var'n
e.
ace. of goal after mdaipita, see Gr.
a
:
this loose
compound
general neut. pi. case. Ida* pit a: on the singular, cf. Gr. as
i.
in stone urns,
cit.
987.
adjective refers to hi (
azdblit)
s.
Vendidad 19 The
General Remark.
present
915
(4) expl.
(5-10) Notes. little
extract from the I9th
Vendidad
presents something of a parallel to the struggle of Buddha with Mara, or to the temptation of our Saviour
Angra Mainyu through slay Zoroaster, but the latter
by Satan. agency of one of his fiends had tried to combats him. Whereupon the Spiritual Enemy the
himself tempts the master to renounce the good religion and follow him;
he
is
repulsed, however, by Zoroaster.
The material of
the whole chapter grammatical decay are so evident that its be later. See Gr. 903.
Vd.
is
doubtless old, but signs of
composition
at least
must
19.5.
nast'3 daSvd.da t9m; on the case and on the adjective agreement, see Gr. 926, 903 N. 2, 912,
janani pa { rikqm of the Phi. Vers.
.
'
J
.
fynqfia *te: the passage is not clear; but the sense destroy the love of sorceresses [the worship of idols]'
Notes
48
to
Vendidad
19.
may perhaps best be followed. The dat. yahmai is probably used in a final sense with the subjunctive, though in Yd. 1.18 var*nym yim yahmai zayata firaetaono
caj>ru.gao$jm
.
Vd.
po u ru$aspuhe pufiro: mentioned
apparently local.
the father of Zoroaster,
The name
to the tradition (Bund. 32.10, et
was Dugheda, though
al.),
itself;
but
from
see
West
an Av. fragment
217; xxiv.
p.
103; xxxvii. p. 212 N.
Vd.
...
here
Gr
S.B.E.
in
cf.
vt. M
Or.
rvtsyaf:
denotes
OI 5 (4); and
"
though
'not
concession. f r
On
the
"3tan*M
Vd.
is
The
the
xviii,
19.7-
here he (dat. gen. sg. 1019 N.
kaua zaya huk?r f t&vh J: it
happens found
is
5.
vavuhlm daenqm:
daenqm,
noil
it
it
see note by West, Phi. Texts Translated, S.B.E. vols.
vadajano:
..
often
xxxvii. p. 483.
vol.
p.
lladhokht Nask,
the
is
of Zoroaster's mother, according
not to occur in the extant texts of the Avesta in
he
is
19.6.
Pourushaspa,
in the Avesta.
it
etc.'
The
singular
=
ace. sg.) anticipates
u
subjunctive vi. rvisya/ the verb, cf.
number of
(ace. nom.), cf.
Gr.
937.
19.8.
grammar
here, as in par. 9,
is
corrupt;
not worth while to try to defend it by any forced explanation. epithet hukzr't&vhd (pi.), and probably also asti vahfttwi (par. 9),
well be regarded as gloss. the ace. dqma depends upon vanai. location mana .. avro see preceding note, and cf. Gr.
may
man a dqma anrd:
Vd.
mana zaya da/xi}
..
i.
e.
col-
911, 903.
19.9-
asti v a his tain: see note on
fradapyn:
For the
Ormazd
made
par. 8 above.
the weapons;
Amshaspands, delivered them to Zoroaster. zrvne akarane: on the agreement see Gr. 992 N. the
2.
his
ministers,
VOCABULARY.
ORDER OF LETTERS FOR
VOCABULARY. 1
a
i
u
9
a
2
a
i
u
5
e
3
'<
VOCABULARY. (For Explanations and Abbreviations see
M
Av. 1
a-,
an-
p.
36.)
a.
Cf. afraz&nti-> anapa-. (before vowels): neg. prefix *un-'. Old P. Phi. an-; a-, a-, -; an-] [Skt.
and
2 a (vbl. prefix
aiyhimanaa tyke, a*vh& ,
under
postpos.), see
S.
see under ~\fz ah-. etc., see under aem,
6V. 422. (from I a -f *J>yejah-} adj. 'incorruptible*. pi. m. Ys. 26.3 (epithet of Amesha Spentas).
atpyejah-
[Phl.Vers. has asij-homand ; Nar. has
a*nika-:
sb.
u*pytjavhd
:
m. 'face'.
nom.
amftyumant-\
Cf. also parfvanika-.
Yt. 14.9.
enik (Horn)] a
[Skt. dnlka-; Phi.
aiida( a*pi:
I
a
(from elsewhere
-f-
-
(i) adv. 'also, too'; (2) vbl. prefix;
Ys. 57.33 Yt. ;
i,
1 4.
1
3.
see under a*wi (Gr. (?
Ys. 57.33 'both here
and
'.
(3) prep.
w. ace. 'unto, upon'.
See also under |/"j/a-.
[Skt. apt
;
Old P. apiy]
83,4).
perhaps from a*bi+]fis-, cf. Skt. gav-if, pasu-is}: vbl. adj. 'deVd. 3.24, see note ad loc. Otherwise #*7 must here siring '.
be taken prepositionally, case ... in
a*wi, a*bi:
(i) adv.
that and
[Skt. abhi;
i.
e.
a*bi$ ta$
vbl. prefix 'to unto,
Old
a^wi.tacina- (from a*wi -H
P.
.
.
a'biH ta(
.
c
in
this
Uncertain.
case'.
ably; Phi. a/-; '
~\ftac-}
:
adj.
over';
New
(2) prep.
P. af-,
same.
aw-]
running upon, attacking '.
Yt. i 4 .ir.
a*wiJana-
(from a*wi
aiwidaita-.
+ ~\fd&-}
[Cf. Skt.
ai-soi.var'na- (from a*wi
+
v<>}:
:
sb.
m. 'bridle, halter'.
abhidhamsb. n.
'covering*.
compound raoc&.a*wi.var a na only with the sunlight
'
(lit.
Vd. 6.51,
ace. pi. n. (he '
Cf. zarany5.-
'halter']
=
in the loose '
azdbiS)
having light as covering
clothed
').
a'wijtastar-
ij2
a*wi$ns tar-
(from a*wi
-\
\fhad-,
aoj-
Cr.
cf.
754,
sb.
i):
m. 'a rider,
one who bestrides'. a' wi .fast a nom. sg. Ys. 11.2. a*zvi. fdi (an- (from a*;vi \-fditan- from |V'-) *b. m. 'peasant, dweller'. :
Yd. 3.24. huta- from '\fhu-,
a*wi.;$di]ie dat. sg.
a*wiskufa-
(from a*wl
-\-
cf.
G>.
752,2): pass, ptcpl.
Ys. 11.3 note.
as adj. 'extracted, prepared'.
a*wya fyX I a r-
(from a*wi -f- afystar-, 6V. 52 c, from \fa$s'overseer, guardian'. -- Vs. 57.15. a
m.
q. v.);
sb.
q. v.):
sb. n.
Yt. 5.6. 'overseeing, guardianship'. ai TV yam a- (fiom a'loi -{- (t//ia-, Gr. 520): adj. 'exceeding strong'.
Ys. 26.3.
a*ru'$a-:
'white'.
adj.
a"rva/>a- (from a
jt
Ys. 57.27; Yt. 5.7; Yr. 14.9.
Skt, arufd-
[Cf.
I
f
r/
:
rvu?it~ (from l/ar-): warriors,
m.
*
enemy'.
Ys. 57.26.
PM
r [Skt. drvant-;
Old
[Skt. ela-
arvand;
'this'.
417 dcln.)
pron. ((Jr.
'.sb. m. 'gallant
-^ Ys. 11.2;
(sleed*).
Yt. 5.132;
a, la-,- Phi.
P.
e,
Yt. 14.13;.
{ -}-
sb. n.
possibly 'instruction' (?) a
aeprapaili-
(from ai'pra-
(Phi. utfpat;
a
P. arvond}
!tar\
Skt. sumit-pdni+ 'pupil with fire-wood in his hand*.
aepry
Ys. 57.27;
New
Yd. 6.46,4.7. postpos tf): adv. 'then, thereupon'. perhaps 'fire-wood' ( [ id- - Skt. '\fidlt- 'burn', cf. Av. aC'SMii-. It so Compare with Av. uefiropa'ti, hurnidpa'ti- Yt. 13.105,
(from
aefira-:
sb.
chargers'
gallant
Yd. 6.46 seq.
aetada
:
swift, valiant, gallant
adj.
Yi. 5.532; Yt. 5. 7.
aeta-: demonstr.
'reddish'; Hhl. 0/vfr]
rvaj>a-^
~f-/a*Vz-)-;
New
P.
-\-
cf.
J/V-,
sb.
jPhl.V.
^wj//
upa
Otherwise,
-\-\fi-.
'teacher '.-- Ys. 26.7,8.
n.
he*bad\
(from acpra~\, sb. m. 'disciple*. has
Skt.
Ys. 26.7,8.
Nar. //>>-]
aerri, see under y/-. (stems
i-,
ana-}: demonstr. pron. 'this',
^//ar-,
Ys. 11.5 etc. -.'
a
t-
num. the
j,
2./V-): sb.
Demon
of Wrath,
opponent of Sraosha; the Asniod*-us of
the Ap'ocrypha -(Tobit iii.8,17). [Phi. \tton t
aoi, see under
422 dcln.
Yi. 5.5. 369) 'one'. [Old P. aiva-; Phi. //', ix'ak\ m. 'wrath, Fury' ( person! tied). Aeshma Dacva,
adj. (Gr.
$ HI. a- (from
Gr.
(bkt. tf/fl/w]
New
atfm;
P.
Ys. 57.10,25,32.
fasm]
avi,
aofyta, see under \Taoj. '\faoj-: vb.
cl.
2 'speak,
say
'.
-
avfya pret. indie, mid. 3 sg. (Cr.
Ys. 11,8, Yd. 3.26,28 (gnomic).
90)
i
aoj auhv ant- (from
'adj.
0>j-; Phi.
-
Gr.
1.
(Skt. cj
341) Ys. 57.10.
oj\
or i/jra-,
(super!, to aojah-,
1
aojo ace. sg. n. (subst.) Yt. 14.12;
'strong'.
nora. sg. m. (adj.
t >
Ys. 57.
aojah-)\ adj. 'strong'.
-: sb n. 'strength'.
[Skt.
--- anapa-
Gr.
365): adj. 'strongest'.
[Skt. ojift/ia-]
akaranaaharSta-
I
(from
J
(from
r *\/
a,fJf-; vb. 'see',
aja-:
karSta- q. v.)t adj.
'oversee, regard' (form
harmful'.
sb. n.
aghd-; 2 ah ~'
jSkt.
subst.).
r \ avk-, see under avhu-, ahu- (from
Y
'evil,
calamity'.
New
cf.
j/r nh^\\ sb.
that
(i.e. all
'unplowed'.
Of.
causat.).
a*wya>
Skt. tks-; aksi- 'eye')
[Cf.
'evil,
adj.
-f-
--^a*wi
fatar-.
Vd. 19.9 (ee under. 2rf/7/j-). Vd. 3.24.
a-\-k}: adj. 'boundless'.
a
ra.
P.
Ys. 57. 14 (nom.pl.
nk\
(i) 'being, life, spirit'; (2) aco.
\*}.-ahuw
'world'
'spirit' Ys. 26.4 (see note);
sg.
vispsm ahfan 'all life' i. e. the world Ys. 57.16; anuke dat. sg. Yt. 5.1; avkSuS gen. sg. (Gr. 981) Vs. 57.25; ahitbya dat. du. Ys. 57.25. Cf. also ah8m.mtr*%f-. [Skt. ASM-; Phi. tf//*]
aura-
from
(prob.
add
(from
6>.
a.,
bad'.
'evil,
adj.
]/"2 a^-).:
Evil Spirit, Ahrimau'.
Vs. 57.25,26.
then, so*.
436): adv.
Esp. a am mainyu Vthe
Ys. 57.17,32; Yd- 19.5,6,8,9.
adha; Old P. ad&\
[Skt.
+
unlawful '. Vsp. 15.1. (fro m i a adj.
adaitya.-
an -,
see under ,
i
i
'
:
see under aiw, GF. (i)
422.
prep w. ace. 'along, upon'; Cf. ana.mana-. ;
rW
(from J a -f not having rain ').
ana'wi.var'ni i'
(lit,
anapi$uta-
(from
I
a H- apiguta-}
:
(2)
vbl.
r vOr'yti-
(from
I
a
q- *.): a<*J-
+ apyutydn-y.
adj.
a- (from 2 ana
anav ah abda m naing'.
-f
(fiom
|/w<w,-): adj. 'devoted'i
by
.
& -\-~tfhabda-
-Vsp. 15.2
failing asleep).
'without addition'.
of some other Av. text in the midst of the mar/,
733,5.
ut of lne f ain'
4
Vd. 6.50. adj. 'without interruption
(the Phl.V. at Ys. 19.5 explains the addition to
ana.
Gr.
prefix,
(the Phl.V. at Vs. 19.5 explains as not interrupted
anapy&hda-
aeffit.
4.
Vsp. 15.2
be the insertion
recital).
Yt. 5.8.
q. v.)- ptcpl. adj.
'never sleep-
Ys. 57.16 (bis).
a nap a- (from i
an<3hila
4 anahiia-
a
I
(from
amavant-
ahita- q. v.); adj. 'undefiled'.
-{-
-
Esp. nonien propr.
f.
Ardfi Surd Anahita ('the high, powerful, undefiled goddess'), *Avatxi.
anu:
Gr.
'along, after',
*w]
P.
Yt. 14. 1 5. (from ami- -\- "J///- q. v.) adj. pursuing '. sb. n. (from I a -f- Myanma- q. v.) ptcpl. adj. not wanting '. *
:
'
:
'a surplus'. I
(from
a
Vsp. 15.1 note.
-f-
usa'A-)
anuso ace.
'unwilling'.
adj.
:
sg.
n.
advl.
934) Ys. 57-18-
(Gr.
any a-:
Old
-
mna^v
anus ah-
[Old P. anakata-]
(2) prep. w. ace.
733).
[Skt. anu,-
735.
a n u.pd ip 10 a rt
Yt. 5.1 seq., see note.
(i) adv., vbl. prefix (Gr.
443) 'another, else'. Vd. 3.29. anyd-; Old P. aniya-; Phi. (A>]
pron. adj. (Gr. [Skt. :
>.
adv., prep, 'within,
between'.
[Skt. 0/
731,4) Ys. 57.21. sb.
ap-, sp-:
seq.;
"\fap-,
f.
P. ap-; Phi. ap; New P. 36} 10 'reach, overtake .apaye*itti pres. indie, act.
Old
cl.
i, 8,
578) Ys. 57.20.
Ys, 57.29; aftntt pass. (Gr.
a pa: adv.,
Yt. 5.3 etc.; Vd. 3-23; Vd. 6.46
286) 'water'. [Skt. ap-;
'
vb.
Sp-:
O.
(dcln.
Vd. 19.5.
vbl. prefix
'away, forth', Gr.
733, 735.
[Skt.
[Skt. tp-}
apajtara- (from a/a -(-l/^-iar-): sb. m. 'outlet'. Yt. 5.4,5. apanotima-: sn perl. adj. 'highest, supreme '.-Ys. 26.2; Ys. parently apandtoma-
formed from apana-
/]
pf. ptcpl.
57.4.
Ap-
mid. \^dp- t
apand-; hence^ 'having reached the most, highest, So Geldner.
Skt.
ap-
is
P.
apa; Old
supreme'; construed also with abl. Ys. 57.4.
api^uta-
(from
ptcpl. adj. 'interrupted'.
r*//+y/-):
Cf.
apupra- (from i <*+/<>): adj. 'childless'. Vd. 3.24. [Skt. aptr'n&y&ka- (from i a -f p3rna a//^-) sb. m. 'youth'. [Phi. aptintaik; New P. /;>
-f-
apy illida- fffm
u*pi
+ ufyda-
afraza*iiti- (from
afsman-:
sb. n.
4-/V ) adj. 'measure, metre'. :
[Phi. Vers. has
afsmanivaqt-
aco. pi. n.
m. 'strength'.
sb.
personified). -
patman
'intercalated'.
'
Cf.
' ;
Nar. has pramdya-}
afsmanivqn 'the me-
292) Ys. 57.8 note.
Ys. 57.3,23; Yt. 14.2,3; Yt. 14.7,9 ('Strength',
[Skt.
dma-]
(from ama-t Gr.
Vsp. 15.3; Yt. 14.12.
amavastimo
Ys. 11.1,3.
asmanivaqt-.
measure
(O.
ajntra-] Ys. 26.9.
Cf. anapyti?t
'without offspring*.
(from afsman-}'. adj. 'metrical'.
trical parts'
ama-:
q. v.): .adj.
I
anapi$uta-.
Yt. 14.3.
292
b.
Fem. (Skt.
dcln.): adj. 'strong'.
arnavafti
nom.
Ys. 57.10;
sg. Yt. 5.3.
dmavant-; Phi. aw&vand]
Superl.
amyr't&t-
avattf-
5
ani9rtat- (from I a+^tnar-, Gr. 842): sb. f. 'immortality, Ameretat'. One of the Amesha Spentas, and always mentioned in connection with Haurvat&t q.
p.
38. --Ys. 57.24.
xxvi
amunlat]
[Phi.
am* fa-
See Gr, Introd.
v.
163): adj. 'immortal'. Esp. (form *amarta- from -\fmar-, Gr. 32. Ani9$a Spinta* the Amshaspands, Gr. Inlrod. p. xxv Ys. 26.3; Ys. 57-2 (ace. p].),6,8,i2,23; Vd. 19.9. New P. anit&spaml] [Skt. amfta-; cf. Phi. amSospand;
ay a,
see under aim, Gr.
422. (from ayah- q. v., Gr. (Gr. 980) Ys. 11.7.
ayavha-
ayavhaena-
(from tfyaA- q.
subst.
ayar-, ayan-
Gr.
(dcln.
+ /*-):
'metal, iron'.
sb. n.
ojw-;
[Skt.
'made
829): adj. [Phi. asintn;
New
m. 'day's journey
sb.
Cf.
of iron'.
1
-
Yt. 5.4.
'.
aya#haena-, ayavha-.
ajf/ New
Phi.
?g.
P. &Jiamii\
Ys. 57-17, 3
311, 337): sb. n. 'day'.
ayar'. bar a- (from ayar-
ayah-:
Gr.
cf.
v.,
Vd. 6.46.
'iron'.
11.
aya vhahc gen.
iron '.
344): sb. n. [Skt. Syasd-}
P. Shan]
see under ayar-.
ayqn-,
"\far-: vb. cl. 5 'go, allot*.
move, come \-
t>a.*ti
\-us.;..fr&
(as fortune)'.
'advance, attack'.
569) Ys. n.4.--Cf. also paiii.9r*n-.
arap-wyaar'dtt-:
i-fr):
(from
Fern, ardvi,
Yt. 5.1.
[Cf.
Gr.
Skt. iirdhva.-,
arfan-:
adv. 'right, truly'.
'male, virile'.
adj.
48.]
Cf. arsufyda-,
ar^u^da-
argano, ar$anahe (tf-dcln., Gr.
[Cf. Skt.
(from ar$-\-
<>):
(Horn)]
arM-.
gen. sg. m. Vd. 3.24; Yt. 14.7,15; arjf/ufm gen. Yt. 14.12.
Vsp. 15.1.
epithet of Anahita q. v.
ar'dra-: adj. 'generous, giving gifts'. Yt. 5.132. ar'za-: sb. m. 'battle'. Ys. 57.12. [Cf. New P. razm
ar3, 9rs*:
(Gr.
r -]
<*r-,
[Skt,
'ill-ordered, improper'.
adj.
'high, exalted*.
adj.
'bestow,
us.fr*r/iaot
pi.
310), arjno
m. Yt. 5.2,5
;
wMd-} spoken*.
'rightly
adj.
byasca
abl. pi.
m.
Yt. 5.9? Yt. 14.5-
ar/ti -
(fr.
ar!,
cf.
Gr.
lava-: dcmonstr. Yt. 5.7;
788): sb.
Yt
lava:
adv., vbl. prefix 'to,
avapa
(from -
(from
i
'
Ys. 57.33. rectitude, Arshti' (Loyalty). 'that'. Ys. Ys. 26.2; 57.29; 432)
14.12.
[Old P. ava-i Phi.
[Skt.
f.
pron. stem (Gr.
w(?) New
o,
;
down
dva; Old P. ava
.(in
ava-): adv. 'thus, so'. irt^rt-):
upon,
to,
pi.
(au)}
ava-sta-}\ Phi. J-J Yt. 14.7 seq.
demonstr. deriv. (Gr.
avafiyd sl*r>byd dat. abl.
u
P.
in'.
441) 'that, such'.
Yt. 5.132.
[Phi.
havand}
haca
C
avavatit--- a$avan-
6 (from
Yt
ava-}: pron. adj. 'such, so great'.
1
5.3.
avafata, see under ywrr-. avaza*te, see under \ivaz-. avah-: sb. n. 'help '.Vs. 57.3;
avin
av&iti, z>/',
0/
see under
t
as an-:
[Ski.
-]
and postpos.
(2) prep,
-As prtp.
adv. Vd. 3.25.
\v.
vv.
ace.,
ace. Ys. 57.^3,24;
Vd. 6.46,47.
Yt. 5-3i4>*32; w. gen.
5 (Gr. 566) Teach, attain v-Cf. <<*//-. sb. m. 'stone'. -asatmtjva (stem as&na-, 6V.
vb.
f.
I//'-.
As
gen. 'to, unto'.
I/"'/*-.'
Yt. 5.132.-
o'wi}: (l) adv., vbl. prefix.
(cf.
avava'ti Horn. sg.
avavand]
j'Phl.
cl.
-jSkt.
309)
loc. pi.
Vd. 6.51, sec note.
asaya:
adj.
r [Skt. dsun-; Old P. a//*//-,- I'hL sang; New P. MW j 'shadowless' (epithet of Sraosha's divine horses). -Ys, 57.27,
see noty.
asah-
(from
sura-:
ast-:
sb.
*
sb. in.
(from
I. at.
cf.
nom.
us/a
pi.
acnhus
Vd. 19.7;
Skt. astfrdn-, asi/ti-; Phi. ast ;
ast-,
New
Vd. 6.46,47.
pi.
P.
asta/t]
291 b) -corporeal, mate857): adj. (dcJn. Gr. Ys. 57.16,24,25; Feni. astva*ti-.
Gr.
rial' (epithet of
Cf. (izi.as-tira-.
i'Geldner).
azdbis, azfcbjs instr. general
229, 944) Vd. 6,49; asttfm gen.
(Gr. [Cf.
astvant-
bristle '(?),
m. *bone'. pi
17]
Skt. ^ja-]
[Cf.
a
[SkL arhayd-, Gr.
jAaj-): sb. rn. 'place, space'.-- -Cf. aia'nivasah-.
avfa-, gae]>&-}.
Yt. 5.1; Yt. 14.1; Vd.3.23; Vd. 6.44,47,49[Cf. Skt. asthavdnt*, asthimant-\
a spa-: sb. m. 'horse*.
On
Fcm.
Old
[Ski. dsna-;
aspo.stuoyah-
(from
o
-t-
..... aspo.staoyehis a.1: intensive prefix
a fa-
(for
arta-
Vn. 11.1,2,- Ys. 57.28; Yt. 14.9.
rt.r/J-'marc'.
aspake aXtrnva
w. adjs.
from Yar-,
under aStrd-.
st-e
* :
adj.
nom. Cf.
pi.
f,
stouter
t\
^163):
(personified).
'
o$
n. Tight, righteousness, See Gr. Inirod. p. xxv 34.
gacfiai
Old
P.
r/er-,
I'hl.
Cf. also aja vahistu.
,////*/>/ ]
Ufa-van-, afdott', ugattn - (from
'
rali'ttn
ufakt
the Household of Faith*.
Ys. a6.2; Ys. 57.2,4,1.7: Yt. 5,9; Yt. 14.5. [Skt. fta-;
bfcava
'.
asMzu-. sb.
a$a{ liQca 'in accordance with Righteousness';
'the master of R.';
M/I]
than a horse
Yt. 5.7.
aH.aojaJi-,
Cr.
Asha, Righteousness'
New
aspa'-; Phi. <w/;
P.
st]
'
right-
:
afluntf-.
This word corresponds to the Biblical use of 'righteous, godly* hs opposite is dr9gvanl-, dnmqf' q. v. See Gr.
in the Psalms,
ahuna-
aHa
rj
Introd. p. xxv
a$avano nom.
34.
7
m. 'pure creatures' Vs. n.i
pi.
;
rid-van- } apnuqni aja- vahiSta (from rt -f r): sb. u. 'Asha Vahishta' (Best RighteousSee under a.fa-. a$m ness), one of the Amesha Spentas. gen.
vahiZtini
Vs.
6.i; etc.
sg. n.
Ys. 57.24.
pi.
nom.
(Phi, artavahiSt,
at.aojak- (from ir- (for
y
6>.
a/--,
favor, blessing its
P. ardibehisi\
'most strong'.
163): sb.
-Ys. 26.5;
resulting blessings).
V*. 57.15.
(i) 'piety, virtue'; (/) 'grace,
f.
'
'Ashi Vanuhi
(3)
;
New
afavahiSt;
o/-f- <wy ah-\. adj.
from
[Skt.
(incarnation of Piety
Ys>.
and
57.3.
[Cf. Phi. art(iiuang]
a$tr&- (from \ r az-,
cf. <^/r. 166): sb. f. 'goad, whip*. Esp, aspakc astro a horse-goad, or whip used in connection with the sraotfo.carana, (q.-v.) in religious castigation. Yd. 6.48, see note.
[Skt. dstra-; Phi.
attr]
+
-
b*): adj. -having strong fore-legs' (of camel). (from aZ as.bazaus nom. sg. m. (Gr. t? 26$) \ t. 14.12. ' (from a?a-f asi-} adj. 'righteous, pious, blessed (epithet of Srao:
Ys. 57.2 (afim acc.) ; 3,4, 13, 14,25, 26. 33,34.
slm). -:
v.b. cl. 1
'drive'.-
castigation, see ufifiztuia-}. |
-
az9m:
(from pron.
la + zata-
isi. per.->.
q. v.).
-m
1/"i
;
386)
'.
Ys. 26.6.
[Skt. aj&ta-]
azzm yd haomo
'1'.^
who
'I
[am]
Yt. 5.6 etc.
cf.
Old
'unborn
adj.
(dcln. 6V-.
[Skt. afuim
t
(in religious
upSzvit pres. opt. act. 3 sg. Vil. 6.48.
Skt. aj-\
Haoina' Ys. 11.3;
azdbi$
|Phl. ahli]
'strike, inflict blows'
-\-i/pa
adam ;
P.
Phi.
am, -m (end)
j
New
man,
P.
(encl.)j
see under
a//-/ vb.
cl.
2 (conjn. 6>.
Yd. 19.6;
Yd. 19.9; avhifn
530
seq.)
'be'. -~ahmi Ys. 11.3; Yt. 14-3;
Ys. 57.14,25;
asti
pret.
3
Yt. 5.3
Yt. 5.7;
pi.
;
Yd. 6.47
Yt. 14.1;
;
astu imperat. Vsp. 15.2.
Cf. also haiqm.
[Skt. las-;
1/^zak
vb.
cl.
i,
4
Old
(pass.)
P.
ah-;
cf.
'throw, dart*.
(see hvasla-} Ys. 57.28.
[Skt.
Phi. hast;
New
aighimanaya
P.
am,
t,
a si]
pres. pass, ptcpl.
2 as-]
la/tu-, see under avhu-. 2 tt/i u -: sb. m. lord '. Cf. ahura. '
ahuna-
ifrom nhu-,
Gr.
848): sb. m.
the sacred formulas or prayers,
words yap&
ahQ,
va^ryd.
Ys. 57.12; Yd, 19.10.
See
the
Ahuna
Vairya'.
and so named from Gr.
Introd.
p. xviii
One its
of
initial
13.
-
akura
58
ahura-
(from ahu-, Gr.
Mazda'
85 3)
troduction p. xxiv
New akuradata-
P.
(from a -f
Yt. 14.1
i
a h if
i.
P.
aura-;
rf3/a-)
:
a,
hormazd;
auharinazd,
by Ahura'.
'created
adj.
Yt. 5.132;
'belonging to the faith of Ahura'.
adj.
):
I
(from
aim- -f ymare-,
'
Gr.
8773):
see under aim,
"my a,
Gr.
world-
422.
S.
(i) adv., vbl. prefix 'hither, unto, in'; (2) prep,
w. ace.,
adj.
Ys. 57.15.
Av.
a:
Phi.
3.1.
destroying'.
niaf,
See Gr. In-
Vs. 11.4, et passim.
seq.
m >ryc-
ahmai,
'Lord, Ahura
(2)
hormuzd~\
ahiird.tkal<[a- (from a -f/
-Yt.
(i) 'lord";
supreme god Ormazd.
31.
Old
dsura-;
m.
sb.
:
tuaidah-}, the
(cf.
[Skt.
afrivacah-
to, in'.
abl., gen., loc.
and end. postpos.
Ys. 11.7; Ys. 26.10; Ys. 57.33
'up See also ada/iyu- etc. a; Old P. a; Phi. a; New P.
(yefkad-a). [Skt.
431): adv. 'then' (lit. 'from Ys. 11.1,6 'but'. [Skt.
6"r.
-,
etc.
,7]
Ys. iz.8; Yt. 14.1
that'),
As particle (?) 'indeed' w. voc. 'O'. Ys. 57.25 Vd. 19.9. Vd. 3.23. P. New Phi.
inlerj.
;
New
[Phi.
(from a
+ zanu-
t
P.
Gr.
Sdar,
77 N.
Mas] 889): adj. 'knee-high'.
i,
(Phl.Vers. has rand j&ntfK).
r avan- (from afar-}: signation
sb.
in.
[Cf.
Gr.
(dcln.
Skt.
3I3N.
i
highest caste in the Avestn.
of the
Ys. 57.6
bhi-jftu-\
b) 'priest'.
De-
Sec also under
Yt. 11,6.
rapazstar-, vastrya f<[uyaqt-.
New P. atorb&n-] Ys. 57.31. 375, 731): adv. 'thrice'. u- (from & -\- a'afyyti-}: adj. 'in this country'. Ys. 26.9. fidu-: sb. m. 'spring, stream'. So rendered if Phl.Vers. be read as jtiy [Cf. Skt.
dtharvan-; Phi. asarvan ;
(from a+/>ritya-,
'spring', cf. is
19) Yt. 8.29; otherwise Phl.Vers.
Av. udavo (Gr.
read as Jan
aJtl.fradana- (from ap- see under ap-.
Gr.
'life'.
Cf. a^u./radana-. ;
adu--\-fr*)\ adj.
increasing the springs'.
Yt. 3.1.
t
Sfyifte, see under
afrivacah-
"\fap-.
adj. 'speaking words of benediction According to the Phl.Vers. this word J/r, like
(from J/r7--fv):
(malediction) '.
Sfrl
may be used
'/,
vacaaho nom.
of cursing as well as of blessing.
m. Ys.
pi.
eg
tyyejah-
Sfrl-
(from \ffrt~ q. v.): sb. f. 'benediction (malediction) '.Cf. P. Sfrin] vacak- (afriti-). [Cf. Skt. &pri-; cf. New
abya,
see under asm,
amananha-
Gr.
ff/ri-
422.
+ mattah^]
sb. n. 'eagerness, ardor'. Yt. 14.12. r Yt. 5.132. (from a-\-\ ap-}\ sb. n. 'reward, boon'.
ayapta-
(from &
y
r-
-\-
Introd. p. xxvi
f.
'harmony, Concord, Armaiti'
one of the Amesha Spentas.
See Gr.
spai^ta armaitiS Ys. 57.24.
36.
ardmati ; Phi. spend-armat ;
[Skt.
/-]
[Skt.
ma^ti- q. v.): sb.
of the Earth),
(Genius
P. y&ftan]
Cf. apyr'nSyuka-.
sb. n. 'age'.
tirma'ti (from
:
New
[Phi. aySft; cf.
Syu-:
Sfri-
zz.i.
New
P. sfend-arniat\
asiifta-, see under &$u-.
asu-:
(compar. Gr.
adj.
Ssiim aec.
365) 'swift'.
Compar. asyavha nom. du. m. Ys. 57.28. sg. m. Ys. 57.13. 1
sg.
m. Ys 57.11.
Superl. astfttm ace.
[Skt. 5su-, dsis(ha-\
Szaf^ti-
(from \fz zan-}
:
Introd. p. xii
'/
(q-
'understanding, explanation'.
f.
v -)
zand] vb c*- 3 <seek diligently', -
:
Cf. paity&sti-,
Shit a-: adj. 'defiled'. ah fiiri - (from ahura-,
j/"!
Cf. anahila- (ahifi-).
Gr.
825
(from ahura-, Gr. Ys. 26.3 (of
Ahura'.
d, 20)
[Cf.
adj. *of
:
Skt. asifa-]
Ahura'.
ahuiriH fra$no,
[Cf. Skt. HsUri-}
825
'
d, 20):
Amesha
Av. /-.-
i$&hatta Yt. 19.53.
e. g.
//-.
Shu'riS kaeC> Ys. 57.24.
ahu^rya-
See Gr.
Cf. /tt
Phi.
[Cf.
Ys &->
sb. 3.
lordly,
adj.
belonging to
Spentas).
/.
dem. pron. stem, see under aem, Gr. 4.22. cl. a 'go, come'. \-ava 'come down'. \-fra..ava 'attain to, d escr y aeiti pres. indie, act. 3 sg. Yd. 3.24; yft fyjaprifva avaHi 'when he goes to his females' (of male cover-
I/V-: vb.
'.
ing the female) Yt. 14.12; fravaiti 'he descries' ..
ava
note. sb.
i
[Skt. i-/ n.
(cf.
Skt. prati
'erreichen') Yt. Z4.I3; ye^ti pres. indie, act. 3 pi.
65 exmpl.) Ys. 57.23;
(Gr.
i-.'
..
Old
P.
ami
pres. subj. act.
i
sg.
Vd. 3.27
/-]
'distress, corruption'.
[Skt. tydjas-; Phi. stj;
cf.
*/>yej&
New
P.
nom. sfj]
pi.
Ys. 57.14.
M&
60 ida (from
adv. 'here'.
/'-):
uporo-
Ys. 26.2,6; Vsp. 15.1,2 'now'
at this point,
e.
(i.
ihd2\ so Angl. Sax. her}: Vd. 3.24 ida car&Hi 'just so, the maiden' (lit. here i.e. in this special case); Vd. 3.27,29. Skt.
Old
fSkf. ihd;
ida I (from i/ (from
itna-:
*-)
vb.
imd-; Old
4 'die'.
cl.
ima-
P.
rah-t
//- (see also
~\
*'/-):
vb.
lm,
4
'
;
send, drive'.
"\f-vae-,
sub.st.
6 'seek,
cl.
son
of Zoroaster,
desire petere'.
:
\-pa*ti
pa'/i$ata pres. imperat..
(worship).
nom.
m. Vsp. 15.2.
sg.
.,'/.]
see under aim, Gr.
ulida- (from
oldest
founder of ihe priestly casle.
Ys. 57-13; ifto pass, ptcpl.
at.pl.
[Skt. cl.
dead
act* ptcpl. pf.
*rifr-.
'busy one's self with'
y"2//-.- vb.
parajrista-
r ~\
propr. m. 'Isatvastra'
and according to tradition the Ys. 26 5.-i-[Phl. isatvastar-]
act.
c
trista-,
Yd. 6.44,46.49; *rirtjuqm
][irip-.
see under
isat.vastra-: nomen
]/"i
P. im*\
Ys, 26.6.
pi.
irista-, see under
*rtr)pu/qi,
New
;
r para 'perish*.
pass, ptcpl. Ys. 26.7,11,
gen.
397. [Skt. td] Gr. 422.
aim
pron. stern, see under
derti.
rip-:
idafca Ys. 57.33 (bis),
strengthening particle, Gr.
:
[Skt. i
'\f
P. id&\
Ida}: adv. 'here'.
n.
Cf.
atjma-.
Av.
-f
7
Av.
)
u.
[Skt.
2 */-/
Old
P.
/7-j
422.
pass, ptcpl. w. ///,
'word'.
77 N. 3):
6r.
Cf. anapyQ^da-.
ujsa-: adj. mighty '.Cf. aoj'tlia- (superl.). ufa-: conj. 'and'. uta ... uta 'both and'
[Skt.
adj.
'spoken'.
ukrhd-]
*
[Skt. w/fl,
Old
P.
^/
Phi. *.
[Skt. ugrd-\ Ys. 11.1,3; Yf. 14.2.
New
P.
]
and postpos. w. ace., With ace. Yt. 14.13; w. dat. Vd. 3.25.
f/^tf/ (r) adv., vbl. prefix.- -(2) prep,
on'.
[Skt. npa,;
ufia'ri
(cf.
npa")
\
[Skt.
upa*ri.aacwaupatthacaycni,
upara-
Old
P.
dat. 'to,
upon,
upa; New P. 6a, bah] With ace. Vd. 6.50; Yt. 14.7,9 note.
prep, 'above'.-
updri / Old P. upariy ; Phi. afar; -f-.ft): sb. (from see under "\fhac-.
(from upay. adj. 'superior
n.
.
New
'upper side, top'. Cf. uparai&t-.
P.
bar\
Vd. 6.50 note.
[Cf. Skt.
upara-\
uparatdt-
ria u s
Superiority
fCf. Skt. uparatat-\
Ys. 57.33.
upazana-
Victo842): sb. f. 'superiority', csp. (vanufyti uparatat), Genius of Victory.
(from upare-, Gr.
uparatat-
61
uzddtia-
-
(from upa-\-
sb. n.
|/"rt;3-):
tigation to
remove
Technical expression
'blow, stripe'
for stroke or stripe inflicted
as a religious cas-
upon the body,
Vd. 6.48 note.
sin.
see under }/~vap-. ityatn no.- see under ~)fu-. *rvajt>a- (from \ftvar-, Gr.
ufvemi,
,
*rvan-
(dissy
.,
'soul
1
,
'
793 N. 2): sb. m. friend '. Cf. a*ivapa-. Or. from *ruvan, 191. 3 I 4)' sb. m. prob. j/^z var-, or that faculty in man which gives freedom of will to
choose good [Phi.
New
(prob. from j^i var-
nrvaqt-
-
sb.
f.
[Cf.
~\f**rvis-: vb.
t
P.
ruvtln]
Gr.
191):
t
"ua-
cl.
4, 6,
^vi
10 'turn'.
-it
3,
uz
68 N.
(-", Gr.
I
epithet of camel.
...?,
adj.
(cf.
[Cf.
i): adj. du.
vi. u rvisya(
'part asunder'.
3 sg. Vd. 19.7.
act. pres. (scdry.) subjunct.
uva~
note.
Vd. 22.10, Yr. 14.19). Vd. 3.23; Vd. 6.46,47. 'tree, plant'. Skt. urvdru- ; l-'-hl. urvar-]
Yt. 14.11
urvarS-;
Vs. 26.4,7.. 11
or evil.
rUb&n;
[Gf.
'two, both*.
Skt. vri'J-]
tMpbya Ys. 57.25,29.
Skt. ubh&-}
753 N. 2): adv., vbl. prefix 'up, forth, out'. (Gr. Cf. also ttzdatyu-. Ys. 57.25. [Skt.
ud; Old P ud: PM.
ttsah- (from \fvas-)' sb. n. 'will'. \i~us-, see under y^vaa-.
uz.,
New
P.
-,
Vs. 11.4,
*/-]
Cf. ahusah-.
(from u?ah-)\ adj. 'eastern'. Ys. 57.29; u/asfarty haea (Gr.
u$aslara-
u^asta're fhi^dwi) loc. sg.
I9b)
..
m.
ujastaras6y8 Vd. 19.5.
[Phi. fidsastar]
u$ak-, ufafi- (from Y$vak-> Cf. usastara-.
u$i-
j
us-): sb.
Gr.
(dcln.
357) 'dawn'.
hos-b8m\
(perh. from ~\f"$vah-< us- 'enlighten'); sb. n. 'mind'.- u$i ace. sg. n. (not dual) Vsp. 15.1. [Phi. k6$ ; New P. has]
uZlana-:
m. 'vital principle' (of the body). 937) Vd. 19.7-
sb.
^r.
ultra-:
sb.
m. 'camel'.
Yt. i^
H
T
z, see
under
uzdahyu-
us,
and
cf.
Gr.
(from uz-\- dattyu-):
753 N. adj.
*u$t&n9m (ace.
= nom. sg.
I2.
[Cf. Skt. ustra-,- Phi. ustar-
u
f.
Skt. u$&s-.; Phi. o$, /io$
:
New
P.'te-fiaf]
2.
'outside the countr
'.
- Vs. 26.9.
[Phi. uzd&fuk\
uzdana-
(from uz
-\~
"\fda-")
:
sb.
m. 'elevation, structure'.
Vd.
6. 50
note.
62
karana-
Av. ^ "\fti-: vb.
4 be wanting, 'deficits' (i.e. '
cl.
u.
uyatnna pres. ptcpl. mid. ace.
deficient'.
\CL Skt.
anuyamna-, (una-).
Av. P"
&vhan-:
sb. n.
of Life Book).
in the audit
Cf.
/a-j
O>.
&uhano gen.
'mouth, face'.
pi. n.
Vsp. 15.1.
abl. sg.
Vd. 3.29 note.
[Skt. dsdn-]
Av.
ir'diva-:
9.
f
Ys. 57.16.
819) 'raised, uplifted*.
adj. (Gr.
[Cf. Skt. urdltvd-\
Av.
ka-i
* k.
406) 'who, what'. [-'/ indef. pron. (GV. ko m. Yt. nom. Yl. 14.1 Vd. 3.23; 5.8; 408) 'every, any'. sg. kana zaya instr. sg. m. Vd. 19.8; kalintai dat. sg. m. 'Yt. 5.8;
intcrrog. pron. (Gr.
;
kahe gen.
sg.
nom.
kascifca
[Skt. ha-; sb.
kaofa-:
m.
(i)
45 nora. m. Vd. 19.8. m. Yt. 5.4.
Old
'hill',
P. ka-; Phi. ke, (2)
'hump'
Vd. 6.47.
f.
4
kuJuib
ka;
New
(of camel).
[Old P. kaufa*; Phi. kof;
Indef.
New
P.
P. kih-}
Cf. slvi.kaofa-,
koh 'mountain
1
,
kokab,
'
hump
]
see under 2 kavi-.
kaoyqtn,
kafa-:
sg.
sg.
sb.
m. 'foam, slime'. [Skt.
karwr'da-:
Yt. 14.13.
kapka-; Phi. kaf;
cranium'
sb. n. 'skull,
New
P.
kaf]
(of evil beings).
Ys.57.io; Ys. 57.31
[Phi. katnar; New P. kamar 'cupola'] (collective). kamar* do.j an- (from k -f- !/!/"") acU- smiting the skull '. jand Phl.Vers. has kam&rzatar. gen. sg. m. (of Sraosha) Ys. 57.33 '
:
;
YI
An
obscure word denoting an imYs. 57.15. pious person or class of beings; Phl.Vers. has kJstar. k a r - : vb. cl. 5 (Gr. Caus. 'cultivate '.kir'naoni 568) make '. hr jnacl pret. indie, (injunct.) act pres. indie, act. 3 sg. Vd. 3.23
kayada-:
adj. 'heretic (?),
Kayadha'. '
;
Vd. 6.50;
kdraye*ti
caus.
pres. indie, act.
Vd. 3.23.
Cf. also
[Skt. kar-; Old P. kar-; Phi. kartan; New P. kardan} /car-: cl. 5, 9 'cut'. Cf. akarana-. vb. [Phi. karinitan ; New P. kirnidan\ 1^2 kar ana- (from |/*2 ka r-) sb. m. 'end, boundary \(v!sp<) kar and (sg for pi. Gr. 913 N. i) Yt. 5,4. Cf. also akarana-.
k)rla-.
:
[Phi.
kanarak;
New
P. kanara/t, kartln]
karapan
kar a pan-:
sb.
The
kqsaoya-
name of a
m. 'Karpan',
'deaf
3 of wicked unbelievers.
class
word of God). According to ZSd Sparam there were five brothers of the Karapan family,* foes of Zoroaster, cf. West, Phi. Texts tr. S.B.E. V. p. 187. See also 2 kavi below. kar a Yt. tradition renders
to the
(i.e.
fnqm
|/"<*r/-: vb.
cl.
i
'draw',
(i)
(2)
karsya gerundive nom.
'draw
sg.
f.
gen. pi.
14.4.
circles, furrows, to
plow'.
716) Vd. 3.24.
(Gr.
Cf. also
akarita-, kar$a-.
karf-; Phi. katotan;
[Skt.
kar$3-
(from
sb.
"]f&arjf-):
'circuit'.
f.
[Cf. Skt. karf man-
karfivaitt- (from ^karl-}:
P. kaJiiian, ki&an]
kar$ay& gen.
Ys. 11.2 note.
sg.
'
race-course
]
m. 'plowman, peasant'.
sb.
instr.
karfivata
Vd. 3.24-
sg.
karSta-
'
New
(from \~karl-}
\
pass, ptcpl., adj.
'plowed'.
Cf.
akar&a-.
[Skt. *rttd-]
kar$var4
t
kar$van-
zone, clime'.
311, 337) (from ~\[kars-}\ sb. n. (dcln. Gr. Name of the seven divisions into which, accord-
ing to the Iranians, the world was divided. Ys. 57-31; visp&is kar$vqn general pi. (Gr.
ace. sg.
karjlvar*
315, 230, 308)
Cf. also huptd.karfvairi-. [Phi. ketvar; New P. kisvar] m. 'King', title of the Persian monarchs of the Kayanian kavoiS wHiaspahe *of dynasty, Kai Kobad, Kai Khosraw, etc.
Yt. 5.5. I
kavi-:
sb.
King Vishtaspa
Kai Gushtasp' Ys. 26.5; Yt. 5.132.
(q.-v.),
New
[Cf. Skt. kavi-; Phi. kai;
i
kavi-:
sb.
name of
m. 'Kavi',
P. kai]
a class of wicked infidels or demons.
According to the tradition 'blind' (i. e. to the 62 b) Yt. 14.4. kaoyqm gen. pi. (Gr.
cf.
faith),
kar*-
pan.
kasu-'
adj.
'small, [Cf.
little'.
Skt. kasu-
:
'adherent of
ktr'ta-
K.'.
(from yikar-}: hufor'la-.
nomen
((
kastt.pafna- (from ^+/): kascifca, see under ka-. ka'tdya- (from kayada- q. v.)
'small-heeled'.
adj.
'belonging to the Kayadha'.
ka'dyehc gen. sg. pass, ptcpl.,
[Skt. kcta-
;
Old
k)rf$.h>ar- (from kzhrp- +\f'bar-}
kyhrp-:
sb.
f.
propr.); Phi. kas ; Ne\v P. kih\
adj.
'form, body'.
:
Yt. 14.17.
masc. Ys. 57.15
adj.
'made'.
kjhrpa
'corpse-eating*. insir.
sg.
sb.
m.
Ys. 61.3).
Cf. dahtnd.kjrta~,
P. karta-; Phi. kart;
adj.
(cf.
New
P. kardah] Vd. 6.45,46,47.
Yt. 14.2 seq.
[Skt. kfp-; Phi. kerp~\
-: sb. n.
nomen
propr.
'Kansavya',
name of a
waters of which the Saviour, Saoshyant, [Phi. kyansS]]
is
lake, from the
to arise.
Vd. 19.5.
*w -
64 kv*
GV. //-, (from ka- or Vd. 6.44,49. [Ski.
k*<*P~
406-407):
Av
f The Phl.Vers. renders the words
t: an uncertain word, Vd. 19.5.
whom
f
See note ad
a verb.
most severe
ftraold- (from
Some
loc.
ptcpl. adj.
:
superl. ace. firm,
one prays* and implies that the form '
from Yfraoid-}
where'.
adv.
interrog.
* va \
matters of decision
in
r/
\fbrtt3- q. v.,'cf.
nomen
propr.
(fravujiw) Phl.Vers. here lias
Ys. 26.2.
f.
sg.
render as
hard, firm '.
fyraol-
'-most*
'.
692): vb. deriv. 'make hard'.
CT. fyraoitiaitt-.
m. 'wisdom'.
sb.
fyralu- (from \fihar-\\
Cf. \rapwiita-.
krdtu -; Phi. firat : New H. fyrnd} jrrtftwifta- (superl. attached to %ratu~ jrarumuyl-}: Ys. 26.2 [Ski.
\l
tyru-: vb. 'hurt, be raw (^-formation from (from
-
Cf. tyrura-, vfynlmaqt-.
.
f \
-terrible,
adj.
jSkt. kru-\
^ru-)i vb. 'be terrible'.
'
'tffyru-Y.
'wisest'.--
adj.
t
Vs. 57.25.
wounding'.
[Skt. kriird-\
fyrvi- (from ]fhru-}\ adj. 'terrible, wounding'. -Cf. /irtfra~ .d ru~ (from \tfyru--\-Hru-)'- adj. 'of wounding mace'.
fyrvi.dru-.
t
-
fyrvt.draoS
gen. sg. m. Ys. 57.32, Nar. has kiftsusaslra-. -
(from }/^vJ-, [Phi. Sit;
New
y^5-,
^/'-)
(from
'
princely
;
-sb.
^+
n.
'rule,
power. Kingdom '.
Gr. Introd.
p.
(from
\$apra-}\
Yt. 14.12
l$aprya-
(from rtf/tf)
lj
ace. sg.
35.
New
1'.
nomen
next
P. Zaftar]
propr.
b$apr3tn va'rim Ys. 57.24.
$arivar\ 'mistress,
sb.
in.
adj.
'kingly
wife,
female'.- Yt. 5.5;
(bis).
>>ra-):
Ys. 57.19-
fa pan-:
;
sb.n.
*):
xxvi
[Phi. sarvulro -
New
Cf.
'Khshathra Vairya* (from See 'wished-for Kingdom'), one of the Amesha Spentas.
va'rya(lit.
shining '.-
P. jfo/} :
word, and faapri-, hamv.fy$aj>ra-, hitbjapra-. P. Ji$ap r a-; Phi. /a/rfr/ [Skt. ktatrd-; Old -
(2)
here \ttai, Nar. sv*ntin-}\ Yt. 14.17
Ys. 26.3 (Phi.
-
adj. (i) 'ruling,
-*.//-):
sb.
f.
[Skt.
\-haomd
'night'.-
-^*
Old
P.
(cf.
Skt.
gen. sg. Ys. 57.31;
Yt. 14.13; llafnasra ace. pi.
[Skt. kfap-;
Ifajryo
kfatnya-\ Ys. 57- '7-
fcapan-; Phi. .?^
-
t
New
P.
/
---- gaoma-
/*-' vb;
-.,.
etc.
cl.
New
ikfi-; Phi. Uyastan ; 'flow'. Cf. itfudra-.
[Skt.
-: vb.
i
ci.
(from j/^jW-)
sb.
:
n.
ftjftva- (from
-SaMm; New
[Mil.
/w//iJ
ra~ (from $>*#-
ace. pi.
Quarto
YL
4-V-): sb. n. 'propitiation'.
worship, praise,' etc. Ys. 57.6,8. (prob. best from zanu-, snu-,
[Cf.
ra-
14.1.7.
808): /l$nao;na- (from \F%&**** cf. 6>. [Phi. /;/;] sg. Yd. 3.23. j/^/w*-: vb. cl. 2 'rejoice, be pleased'. vaye*te. caus. prcs. indie, act.
w/
[Skt.
New
Phi. sas;
Av. (horn
j/^r/-, //-)
:
sb.
164, 77 N. 3,
sb. n.
'joy .Itfnaomb
1
88):
instr.
*
Catis.
propitiate,'.
3 sg. (Gr. ^ 685 e) Yd. 3.23.
P.
(*
//]
tf.
(i) 'being, living: creature'; (2)
f.
'all that lives',
(i.e.
the
for the
Skt. ksnu-; Phi. toayitun, sntiy7mtatt (cans.)] Cf. -//z>rf.-. 366) 'six'.
[Cf.
fygvas: num. (6>.
-
'
Skt. k$notra-\
Gr.
cf.
in
Frequent
See huJ^nnopra-.
'knee'.
n.
n.
//;]
F.
formula yasnalca. vahmdica J^naopruica frasasiiiyaeco,
sb.
f.
ksudrd-; Phi. fasar]
366): num. adj. 'sixth'.
Gr.
jfvajf,
[Skt.
P.
Cf.
P. Uylitan\
seed'.
'seraen,
232) Yt. 5.2,5.
(Gr.
New
Phi. liistan;
/w/fl'-,-
[Skt. -
be majestic, be splendid'.
2 'rule,
i,
65
cf.
'world'
vispaym ga^payat 'of
avhu-\
all
the
'world' Ys. 57.15; esp. w. aslvajit- (q. v.) 'material world, living beings, mankind' Ys. 57.24; Yt. 14.1, Yd. 3.23; Vd. 6.44,47,49; ajfahe gcttyS) (see [Cf.
Ys. 57.15.
tf/ff-)
P. gaijta; Phi. 'gchan;
as gaesti- 'hairy''}:
gaejbu- (same sg.
Old
m. Yt. 14 ii.
gaepv.frddatmkind'
gao-, gava-,
[Cf.
adj.
New
'shaggy
Phi. gis;
New
(from gaepa- -f //"-, Gr.
P. j>ehan, gfhdn, ji/ian] ustra/ie
.
866;:
adj.
furthering living beings ').--Yt. 5.1. gat*-: sb. m. f. (dcln, Gr. 278) (i) beef. bull, ;
'meat' (beef); (3) 'milk'. Ys. n.i,7; gyuf hud&vha gen. sg. Ys. 26.4 note. [Skt. 'go-; Phi. gv,
g&v ;
New
P.
m.
[Phi.
gif-H,
gunak ;
New
(from gao-, g&u-')'. sb. m.
cow';
,i*
(i) 'color'; (2) 'exuberant appearance'. Phl.Vers. here has sirih fullness, repletion '.
sb.
man-
Yt. 5.9; Yt. 14.5,7.
'
gaoma-
'helping
'
(lit.
(2)
gaona-:
gaepauS gen.
P, ges, gesu\
P. gtinah\
'meat, milk'.
Cf.
Vd. 3.25,
66
gaotnavaiit
cafiwar'
gaomavatit-
(from gaoma-}'.
adj.
consisting of meat,
or milk'.
Yt. 5.8 (zaoprabyo).
gao$a-
(from "\fguH-): sb.
~\fgatn
gay a-
-
,
jam-
(from
'ear'.
in.
Old
[Skt. gAJfa-;
sb.
j/*-, yV-):
(from vb.
:
'ty^tf/'fc'-)
m.
cl.
upon
m
s ^-
-
See
'life'.
P.
g?rwnqn
'.
under
also
gay a-; Phi. y'5;
[Skt.
'womb'.
^j] mar* tan-.
New
P. jSn]
Yt. 5.2,5.
garbha-; Phi. #*/r, B*r] \-tts 9, 10 'seize, grasp'.
[Skt.
"\fgarw-:
^W; New
see under "\fjam-.
,
Ys. 26.5,10 (Gayomart).
gar* wo-
Cf. za*ri.gaoa-, zaranyo.gao$a-.
P. gausa-; Phi.
pres. subj. act. 3 pi.
u agy rvaye*te pres. indie, mid. 3 sg.
'upUff.
(cl. g,
Gr.
a 'seize
\-
588) Yt. 57.25
;
10) Ys. 57.29.
(cl.
grabh-; Old P. garb; Phi. graft an; New P. girt/tan] 2 'go'. [Skt. ga- ; New P. g&dan] Cf. ga^a-. 4 'sing, chant'. [Skt. ga-\
[Skt.
y\ga-:
vb.
cl.
\figa-: vb. cl. gau-, see under
gaiu-
Vd. 6.45. [Skt.
gap a-
'
gao-,
(from l/^i^J): sb. m. (i) 'place'; (2) 'divan'. also slar'ta.gatu-.
Cf.
gala-; Old P.
gaj>it','
^
Phi.
r
(from
sb.
j/ 2,^w-):
see Gr. Inlrod. p. xvii I3b. [Skt. galha-; Phi. gas] r see under
~\fgi-, ji-, ~\[gu$-: vb.
\
i
cl.
P. #///] five
Gathas,
Ys. 57.8.
Cf. gao$a-, sasnd.gu^-.
ghup- ; Phi. nyofySitan ; 9 ~\[g9r iv-, see under j/".?Y?;-ft/-. vb.
pi.
2ji-.
'hear'.
[Skt.
"\fgram-:
New
/
Esp. the
'hymn, psalm'.
f.
loc.
gatu$va
'be angry'.
New
P.
nyo$idan\
graqta/te pass, ptcpl. gen. sg. (6"r.
711,5)
Yt. 14.15-
Av. i,
tfjiar-:-vb.
cl.
i,
10
'flow,
j.
stream'.
\-vi
Cf. also
ye*tttim pres. ptcpl. Yt. 5.132.
'overflow'.
vijzara-
Vsgar-, apajtera-.
[Skt. k far-}
Av. p
-ca:
encl.
'and'
conj.
Ys. 57.17.
(Lat.
As
in
[Skt.
-ca;
(6"r.
[Skt.
Old
ca ... ca
'both
and' Ys. xi.i;
sometimes apparently 'even', cf. bar'Observe -ca (GAv.) Yt. 5.9; Yt. 14.5.
Skt.
zistaefraca Vd. 6.45.
cafwar-: num.
-que].
c.
P. -ca; Phi.
372) 'four'.
-c,
-/>]
Yt. 57.27.
catvdr-; Phi. r^Jr, t/'^r;
Cf. also tu*rya-.
New
P.
cahar, car]
ca]>war.satavb.
pres. subj. act.
car an a- (from
sc
)
H/
car'tar-
(from
'
f.
maiden '.
r \ ikar-
New
car'tar-.
vb.
Yzci-:
dp a-
cl.
551) sb.
:
-)
1020 N.,
f.
'.
New
'fraear&ti P.
caridan\.
Cf. srao$o.carana~.
[Phi. caraittk} in.
'maker'.
>-.
[Skt.
sb.
expi.)
*
atone '.Cf.
cis-, (kit-):- vb.
cl.
'even, indeed';
7 (6r.
(from yy<7-) jajnvffi, see under
sb.
:
'
f.
//
Cf. /rafo.-
<:/-]
j// f//0
(6V.
(2) generalizing, yatci^
-/// Old P. Cf. 555) 'announce'.
5.4.'
[Skt.
Av. K -
a
'atonement, penalty'. Vd. 6.47.
Ys. 57.29; kasdfca Yt. r
come
car-;
<;<<-]
76 N.):
-<*//: encl. particle (i) emphatic,
-\
Yt. 5.4.
[Skt. itdrtar-\
3 (6V.
^
(from
P.
Vd. 3.24. Gr.
t
[Skt.
'instrument'.
sb. n.
[Skt. kdrcnia-; cf.
sb.
366) 'forty'.
'go forth,
5.57.24.
3 sg.
j/~i/for-):
car&iti-:
num. (Gr.
sb. n.
:
'move, go'.
I
cl.
-f-
P. eikil]
[New
Year-:
c
(from
6/
jam -
capwar* .sata.
-ciy\
/.
*.-*-Cf. pa*ti.ja*ti-.
smiting
[Skt. ^d//-]
"\fjan-.
jajrnust)ina- (from jajmvah-, Ys. 57.4.
see
~\/'J
am ~}'-
J?u
perl, adj.
'most prompt'.
[Cf. Skt. garniftfia-]
4 'ask, pray, demand '.ja*dyehi pres. indie, act. 2 sg. ace., Gr. 930) Ys. 11.2; ja^yantdi pres. ptcpl. act. dat. sg. m. (a-dcln. Gr. 297) Yt. 5.132.
vb.
~\[jad-:
cl.
(w.
two
[Cf.
gan-:
-,
Skt. ga
vb.
=
Old
P.
New
jud;
2 'strike, smite, slay'.
cl.
ja*t}ti pres. indie, act.
P. zfiyitan (Horn)]
--
{-
ni
'strike down'.
3 sg. Ys. 57.10; nijne pres. indie, mid.
525) Ys. 57.29; janani pres. subj. act. I sg. (Gr. Cf.-katmr'521) Vd. 19.5; jajnvA pf. ptcpl. act. Ys. 57.10.
3 sg. (Gr.
[Skt.
jaqtar-
han-; Old P. /aw-/ Phi. zatan; New P. zadan\ sb. m. 'smiter' nom. sg. Ys. 57.15.
(from "]//-)
:
[Skt. tiantdr-; >
Old
P. jatar-; Phi.
sa/r]
gam-, jas-: vb. cl. 2, i (inchoat.) 'go, come '.- -|- z/a 'come down', -fa 'come hither', -\-paiti 'come back, come to',
'go forth'.
-\-fra
ajamyaf
-\-vi
aor. opt. 3 sg. Ys. 57.3;
3 sg. (inchoat. Gr. Yt. 14.4 seq.
;
'go apart, distribute'. pa^ti.jasaiti
ava.jasa pres. imperat.
pres. subj. act.
pres.
indie,
697-8) Ys. 57.12; SJasaf pres. indie,
3 sg. Yt. 5.4
;
act.
act. act.
2sg. Yt. 5.132; vt.jasa'ti
frajasqn (frajasat) bamttom pres.
>* ---- tan--
68
(Gr. $ 915-4 cxmpl.') Yd. C.,}7; pa*ti.jasqn pres. subj.
3
Vt.
pi. I
5.132; jajuivaha-mataj}
\'
j as-
\'2ji-: vb.
jlra-
'live'.
New
;
under
^iuchoai.), see
: 'J,
pirpi. act. as adj.
\A.
jfw-. giick-; Old
Skt.
+ j-):
;
New
d".
the head quickly'
moving
adj.
2 /'/-].
Ski.
[Cf.
[Skt-yiVJ-/
Tradition has 'intelligent',
(
lujnntslttna-.
Phi. (gjmatan,
P. a.-uiadari\
Cf. ga*j>a- t jtra-.
jirft.sara- (fromy'
in
cf.
jam-.
|"2y/-): adj. 'lively, quick',
(fr.
uw-, jam-;
1'.
New
cl.
P. s/r7* (Horn)] Vt.
(?).
V. zTrak, see
14.1^
y^a X
68 N. 2) prcs. ptcf>l. act. gen. pi. "\fjiv-: vb. cl. i 'live'. fvantam (6V. m. Ys.a6.b. Old [Skt.yVz--/ P.y/r'-/ Phi. ztvasst/ri; New P. ztsiun\ ~\fju-, see under "J^/fw-. Av. /
(hu-
Ys. 57.3,1^,29; la-
jSkl.
taeza-
Skt.
(cf.
r
a
7-
<M' r
a
hm
/-.
32; Yt. 14.5,
409) 'this Vd. 3-2^,29.
...... .
Ys. IT. 5,
/dj--)j
m. 'sharpness, edge'.
sb.
see under
,
6
(dcln.
Cf. brdibrti.tae'~a-.
tan:-.
|'
sc2 under j/A/o.
^tak-, t
;/ /
sfi-,
1
Skt, h'jas-}
[Cf. t
pron.
Vt. 5.9,
(sa-,
"[/"///'-):
/.
1
ha-, la-): dem.
t
K>
a-
(from
Vs. atj. 3 Y*. 57. 11,33 adj. 'bold, sturdy'. [Old P. "taJpnn; (Phi. /tf^.) New P. /'<* 'run along,
|'"/iif-)
:
;
Yt. 14.15. J/
tak-, flow'.
'"/iZf-,
ii
'
(''/;,
;
fraitica'ti,
tuiin-J-,
[Skt. ta
n
it
in
r a-
-i
hiti
tafyma-,
//^..
(from
pres.
f.
/anA-; Phi. tjftaii ; N'o\v P. to^lan\ adj. 'the word incarnate' (i.
/o
6V.
(dcln.
'
271)
e.
per-
'.
/ffwf/",-
Y. 57.26 New P.
;
Vol. 6.44.
/flj
see under \/'tac-.
r \ t>in.-ista-
(from
sturdy
faraaca
also
Ys. 57.33.
body
[Skt. lanA-t land-; Phi. '\ftffitc-,
Yt. 5.3,4, --Cf.
act.
tanu--^- in*}:
sonification of the Manthra).
tanfi-: sb
li t
/vqcij/a-.
^//oc-,
(instr. advi.
~\ftarj:>-: vb.
cl.
Gr.
tf/t-
365 N.
(O>.
2)
'most
Ysi 57.13, Nar. has a-rfkatanta-.
^87): prep.
4 'Steal'.
[Skt.
super!, adj.
laqc-}:
Vs. 11.7;
.
v.".
lar'Jyal pres. (bcdry
(in trpu-*}
Yd. 3.29.
ace. 'acrotsS, past'.
j
subj. aci. 3 bg. Yi. 11.5.
Phi. tarfiinitan
:
cf.
New
P.
larjand,
'
larb 1/V #/*>-: vb.
cl.
k
lie,
deceit
j
10 'overcome'.- -tn*rvuy
[Skt.
///rz'-,
//-v-/ Phi.
act. J ng. Yt. 14.4.
fanr \ tars- (from prah-, Gr.
>
09
698 N.)
'
vb. inehoat.
:
flee
tar Ha
'.
pass.
ptcpl. Vs. 57.18 (bis).
Old P. far*-; Phi. tarsitan; New P. torsidari\ hew, shape 'construct -\- ham ItqnUa^li pres. act. 3 sg. Ys 57.10. Cf. also
[Cf. Skt. tras-;
y/ a s-
:
vb.
cl.
a
indie,
'
'.
'.
t
'
Old
[Skt. toe?-;
taltta- (from y/W-)
P. ta1p~; Phi.
sb. n.
:
haoma was poured.-tasta
New
[Phi. to.#;
fayu-: sb, m, 'thief
tijra-, tili
Ys.
the sacred chalice into which the
'cup',-
P.
instr.
Vd. 19.9.
*g.
/a//] /
[Skt
1.1.3.
c/. st&ytt
^"xia- 'steal')
t
compels.), cf. Skt. j/V//-.' adj. 'sharp'. [Cf. Skt. tig-ma; Phi. tfs/ New P. /f]
Cf. tili.asura-.
(in
//J/o, see under figra-.
tiii.asur a-
(see /// -f
tizLaqstra
(sea
r l fu-: vb. el. Vd. i
f
l
fr
//'z/ -4-
be able
'
)
^
:
adj.
:
adj.
'
)
sharp-tusked
lavqn pres. (scdry.)
'.
Phi. A/i^;;/
[Skt. /*-,
6.51.
(for ^c^l^rya-, cf. --Yt. 14.11; /*>//
ii'rya-
bristles
having sharp
(
Yt. x 4.
'.
?
5
Yt. 14.
1
5.
.
subj. act. 3 pi. (Gr.
New
486)
P. /wt/J/i]
from fapivar-}-. nam.
ti-fylu'rya-
'.
)
1
adj. 'fourth'.
934) Vd. 3.23.
(6V.
[Skt. turya-f cf. Phi. caharnm ; New P. cafifirttm] Itut'rya-: adj. 'Turanian'. belonging to ihe land hostile to Iran. t&rim (Gr. 63) Yt. 11.7. [Phi. tilr, (fir an; New P. t&ran}
tiituc-: ^b.
f.
'carpet, cloth (?)'. --tftttt^a
New
(Cf.
loc.
P. tnf.uk 'curtain, veil
pi.
Vd. 6.51, see note.
'j
Urn: pron. 2 pers. (del. 6V. 390) thou'. -Ys. n.i,7; Ys. 57.26; Vd. 3.29; Vd. 19.6. [Skt. tvdm: Old P. twtam ; Phi.://;/ New P. /w] ttmah- (cf. Ski, ftjm '}'- slj n towavho i^ea. sg. 'darkness, Hell'. I
Y
-
~
-
982) Y;J. 57. 1 8.-*- [Skt. tqm-as; Phh /tow; see under la- above. (6?/-.
/
tqprya*
(cf.
r
Skt.
\ tam-}:
[Cf.
Skt.
I
adj.
\ffianj-:
fiivaeja-;
]fpwa%$-:
cl.
cl.
<
fright I
New
/
P. tur]
A
^
Ys. 57.18.
'.-
'work, be active, be stirring,
[Skt. tvakf-
pwafyfa-
P.
10 'draw, drive, rein'.~-Cf. nipatyar-.
sb. ro.
vb.
New
dark'.--Yt 14.13.
fam*as-ctc.; Phi. t6rt tank;
AV. 6 vb.
cf.
;
Phi. iiifttlan}
(from l/^wtf^/-) Ys. 57-13.
:
adj.
[Cf. Skt. to&ksas-
active,
'
'
activity
make
haste'.
-
;.
=
busy\}uHtjfiJ/
;
New
P.
siiperl.
pwar
fO ~\f"pwar~: vb. 'hasten'.
daino.disa-
Cf.
pwars-, piv&$a-. [Skt. tvar-] Gr. 698): vb. inchoat. (i) 'cut, create'; (2) 'decide, judge'. \-fra 'cut off. \-pani 'to shoe'
r
\ pwars-
(from 'tfpwar-,
pwir'sato pres. indie,
(of horses).
pret. (injunct.) act. 2 sg.
nom.
PW&, p-wqm, -
Ys. 57.27.
pi.
Cf. also'/wJr'jfar-.
see under turn,
Gr.
(from y'pwar-, Gr.
934) Vs. xx. 7. r- (from pwars-, Gr.
be
vb. 'fear,
'
371)
'[Skt. tri-; Phi.
Pritya-
39
New
/
num.
(from /;v-):
*
three
advl.
n.
sg.
'judge'
(i.e.
who
'
6
(from /r/-,
Ys. xx.i.
in.
pi.
P. .//]
third \-prityd
adj.
//w-]
[Skt.
.prdyo nom.
Spritim (Gr.'% 375) Ys. 57.31.
prigva-
m
sb.
exp].):
Sec yiars-.
terrified'.
(TV.
(dcln.
quick './avfp/// ace.
[Skt. t&rtani\
Ys. 57.2 note.
decides).
///-: num.
390. '
163):
r '>'-
frah-:
3du. Ys. 57.2; fr5j>w9r9sd
act.
Ys. 11.7; fa*ti.pwar1ta*hd pass, ptcpl.
997) Yt. 14.9;
(Gr.
tftiya-
[Skt.
;
Old
P.
p
r itiya-]
1
N., 827):. sb.
376
/'.
in.
'a third'.
Ys. xx.;.
[Phi. srisutak]
prqf-:
prof9d<>
vb. 'to satisfy'.
Ys. 57-14.
[Cf.
*kt.
pass, ptcpl.
//-/-
68
pryafySti- (from jri-+ya.Jti-, Gr. haoma) Gr.
891.
datiyu- (from 'country,
m. (Gr.
sg.
77 N. 3)
a):
sb.
f.
'three
stalks'
(of
Ys. 57.6 note.
Av. _3
(ta*yhu-,
nom.
(irmp-dti).
the
sb.
da/i-}\
"\fJavk-,
nation',
d.
largest
f.
(dcln.
<7r.
270)
division in the four-fold con-
stitution of the Iranian state, viz. (i)
wnana-, (1} vis-, (3) zaqtH-, {ta%yu-.Ys. 57.14; Yt. 5.6; Yd. 3.27. [Cf. Skt. ddsyu; Old P. dahyu-; Phi. dahyte, dih ; New P. dih\ daiyhu.paiti- (from d -f 2 /) sb. m. 'lord of the nation, governor'. (4)
:
Vd. 19.6.
[Phi.
da*ig htt.fr Rdan a- (from
dahyupat} -f //):
adj.
'increasing the country*.
Yt. 5.1.
daena-
(from |A#-): sb. f. 'conscience, Religion*. The datnS (New P. dtn) is an integral element in the spiritual constitution of man,
by the the
light
Vd. 19.6,7.
daino.disa-
of which he discerns
divine insight, [Phi. din,
religion.
dtn;
(from dalna--\-'\fdisYs. 57.24.
religion'.
t
New
Gr.
right
and
Ys. 26.4,6
;
wrong;
hence
Ys. 57.24 (bis)
;
P. din]
866): sb. m. 'teacher of the
daeman
dal man- (from daSva-: sb. m.
]/Vj-)
:
Cf.
sb. n. 'eye*.
Demon'. Esp.
'devil,
p. xxvii
das ti-
Fzm.daevt-.
41.
smar$nd.daeman-.'\R&N. dei\
plur.
daevay& gen.
31,32,33; Yt. 14.4;
'the Daevas', Gr.
Introd.
Ys. 57:17,18 (bib), 68 N. 3, adj. (Gr.
adj. 'devilish'. sg.
f.
257) Ys. 57.15.
[Opp. Skt. devd- ('god,
New daevo.d&ta-
dafva-
(from
Ys. 57.25
dao$atara-:
j
[Cf. Skr. dosA-
\b.
dahmn-.
davhah-
:
data-}
Vd. 19.5
==
Phi. dev
'created
adj.
Ys. 57.29 'evening'; Phi. do'Sasiar ;
'be mighty, be wise'
[Skt. dqs-,
('demon');
the
by
Demons'.
(bis).
'western, occidental'.
adj.
ydavh-, dak-:
-\- i
divine'),-
div ('demon')]
P. dev,
(loc. cf.
sg.}.
New
(Pischel).
E>.
doH\
Cf. daukah-,
das-}
(from ydavh-, dah-): sb.
n.
Yt. 5.9; Yt. 14.5.
'mastery'.
[Skt. dqsas-}
dap-
t
see under |/V
dapu$a, dadqsudadvah-
from
(redupl. (pf.
~\filqs-,
from
ptcpl.
Gr.
d
ydar-:
vb.
cl.
pres. indie, act.
340);
sb.
Yt. 14.11.
m. 'creator, Maker'.
86) Yt. 5.7.
10 'hold, keep'.
i,
'biting'.
adj.
das-)-,
'\fda-,
-
+ av
2 sg. 'hold back,
'apply'. ddrayehi (cl. 10) keep from' Ys. 11.3; ava ...
Cf. also drva-. (cl. 10) imperat. mid. 2 pi. Vsp. 15.1. dhar~; Old P. dar- ; Phi. dastan; New P. dastan] Vd. 3.24 (6>. 977 expl.). (from ~\fdraj-)\ adj. 'long, continual'. [Skt. dirgha-(Gr. 48); QhW'.darga-; Phi. der ; New P. dir}
darayadwjw [Skt.
dar'ja\
rdars-: vb.
cl.
i
'see, look'.
Cf. fradtr*sra-, hvar*.darsya-.
[Skt. dars-] r \ darS-:
vb.
cl.
[Skt.
dar$i- (from
be hardy'. dhar?-; Old P. darJ-]
5 'be bold,
~\fdar3-}\
adj.
'bold,
hardy \dar$yotf (observe/!) gen.
m. (Gr.
254) Yt. 14.2. dar $it a- (from ydarX-, pass, ptcpl. Gr. sg.
Ys. 57.11.
ydarz-
(cf.
Cf. ttarfi-, dar$ita-.
[Cf.
New V._duruSt (Horn)] 10 'hold, fasten'. \-ni 'fasten
[Skt. dhrtita-; cf.
\fdraj- below): vb.
down, secure'.
cl.
nidarzayyn
pret. (injunct.) act. 3 pi.
nidar>zaycon.ti pres. subj. act. 3 pi.
das a-: num.
adj.
[Skt.
Skt. dadhj-fi-}
712, 786 N. i): adj. 'daring'.
Vd. 6.47.
Vd. 6.46;
[Skt. dark-]
366) 'ten'. Cf. paiica.dasah-. ddia-i Phi. dah> dahum ; New P. dah\
(6V.
tins ft- (from yds-): sb. n.
paying
Dat.) Vsp. 15.1 note.
'.
daste dat. sg. as infin. (Gr.
254
:
adj.
Ja/taka-:
da$'wa bazvti havdyaca 'with the right arm and Vd. 3.25 note. [Skt. ddftsiw : Phi. ita&n] some kind of a serpent. Esp. azi dahdka 'Azhi
'right'. 1
the left
m.
sb.
Dahaka, the dragon'.
In Vs.
n.6 duhnkUca
(Gr.
19) denotes
fiendish creatures.
dahnta-
(from \fdauh-, dak-}\ (i) sb. m> 'master 4
d.
-
pious '.
kyr'ta
-
[Cf.
(from
Skt. datnui'
dc
-\-
k?r!a^:
(see dcilivia-) Ys. 26.9. -,
(2) adj.
'begotten of pious parents'
adj.
-[Phi. uah:nan-kart\
see under datyhtt-.
dn]>~: vb.
,
(a Dastur);
Phi. dahni\
;
3
cl.
541 seq.) 'give, put, create, make'.
(Gr.
-
'pluce around'. ---- {* uz 'elevate, preserve'. 'erect' de pos :'. < ~\- vl -f'profer, give'.
-f a'tcv
'
-\~fra
i t
indie, act.
3
(6V
sg.
pres. indie, act.
-^fl'rt'/jfrfV/
(a house).
r
3 du. (6V. 553) Ys.
Vd. 19.9; nidapGina
3
Vt. 5.2; dtiiiiUint pret.
.sg
543) Vs. 57. 17; 11.5; Vd.
pres.
pret.
\w\-fradafrn
subj. act.
I p]>
indie, act.
(Gr.
553) Vd. 6.44,49; niddfilu.
subj. mid. 3 sg. (6V. 546) Vd. 6.51; dayM aor. opt. act. 2 sg. (Gr. 634) Ys. 57.26; 2-i(ttltJtH pass, ptcpl. Ys. 57.21. Cf. u l ividiina-, itzdiinn-.
]>res.
[Skt. ^7-,
d&itya-
(from 2 <&/#-, pi.
\tta.lU"
n.
(from
da fa- (from
85.2): adj.
/Vtf-)
P.
da-; Phi. ^l/o/?,
sg.
|,
niatda
,
].
Vt. 5.2.
n.
established '.~Cf.
pass, ptcpl. as adj. 'created,
;
New
'lawful, right \~-dattyanqm gen.
Vsp. 15.1; d<lni pacina. ace,
tihnrn.data-,
2
(7r.
Old
83),
(0V.
rfaSuo*.
preceding): sb. m. 'law, ordinance'. -Yt. 14.5.
[Old P. ^d&la-i Phi. .d&t; New P. dad 322) 'maker Creator'. (from \fda*}\ sb. ni. (dcln. 6V. Vd. 3.23 Vd. 6.44 seq. \
d filar-
Yt. 14.1
;
;
[Skt.
dfatar-; Pbl. daitir ;
New
P.
d&dSi^ '
benefactress .jaidyaqtdi dapril dyapttm 'she that grants a favor to the qne that asks' Yt. 5.132.
ddfi-i- (from Jalar-]:
[Skt.
d Satan- (from
[Skt. -;
sh>.
f.
'giver,
:
sb.
r>.
(dcJn. 6>.
Ys. 57.2. (bis,
dliaman-; Thl.
'wisdom',
maidah-.
f.
d&tri-\
\fda-]
lective),
sb.
in
<;V.
308) 'creature, creation' (col-
308 expl.),i6,i7,3o.
tfitm\
duidtiJi-,
and according
huJah,
to
Plil.Vers.
.[Cf. Skt. dhi-\
~ (from a'fi/iyu-, 6V. g825
'
bel6nglng to the country,
draonah-
di
di-:
73
3rd. pers. (Or. 396) 'he, it*.. Vd. 3.29 (<7/-. Vd. 6.45. P. di-\ [Old Cf. daenv.disa-. "\fdis-: vb. cl. 4, xo 'point, show, teach'. encl. pron.
did-:
"\fdf-,
vb.
cl.
3 'see, look'.
2,
68 N. 2 expl.)
(Gr.
pf.
1023 N.);
[Skt.
'look around'.
\-vi
'-]
i<jdidv&
nojn. sg. Yt. 14.13.
act. ptcpl.
Cf.
also dacnian-t ddifrra-. [Cf. Skt. dhi-, dldhl-; Old. P. di-; Phi. dltan;
di-
(fr. \fdt-\. sb.
j/V-;
vb.
dztjl
,
i
el.
in
f.
See under
'thought, devotion'.
shout'.
evil beings),
'speak (of
response
adavafa
...
'./r/'Vi
New
for'3a*di-.
P. .fidau]
[Skt.
P&ti 'vociferate
\-
mid.
indie,
pret.
Yd. 19.6,8. [Phi. davastan] dttz" {Gr. 753 N. 2): inseparable prefix 'evil, bad'. Peculiar [Skt. -
df;
Old
(from
Ys. 57.26.
d3u$.sravah-
is
:
duStnan
[Phi.
<&a; New
;
P.
'evil-minded'.
adj.
Cf. dttl-
(q. v.).
P. //J*/ Phi.
w)
3 sg.
New
^/^j m.
sb.
''foe'.
P. dusinan]
see under duf.
du 1. da man
(from duf~\-d]
nom.
6^r.
ttuid&h- (from diti+d&h- q. v.): nom. sg. in. Ys. 57.25 [Skt. J*4h?-,- Phi.
dulvarsta-
(from
rf///
Vsp. 15.1.
dura-
:
adj.
'far'.
'far from [Skt.
duraSnika-
4- z')
[Phi.
Vd, 19.6,8.
'.duidtd
voc. sg. m. Vd. 19.5,9.
New P.
duldfin&k;
'ill-done'.
sb.
^^//,
/wirf 'thief']
'evil
u.
deed'.
dilshi'tvarSt\
731,4) Ys. 57.14; Yt. 5.3; du*re
Yt. 14.13.
dura-; Old
(from dura-,
glance*.
adj.
b)
'evil-thinking, malignant
^/
.///!
(Gr.
ciurfff
him'
234
adj. ;
duz.damo
'evil-creating, maleficent^,
adj.
:
m. (-dcin.,
sg.
P.
loc.,
6>.
Cf.
..
aetahe
duracstika-.
V/r-; Phl.y^r; 877 d -f- sftka-}
New
P. diir\
sb. n.
:
'
far-reaching
Yt. 14.13.
dtiraoja-: adj. 'holding death afar' (so Phi. tradition). haomd dftr ciefd Phi. Jtiros] nom. sg. m. Ys. 11.3. [Cf. Skt. d&rofd-; ill-famed '.sb. n. dsus.sravah- (from dus \- syavah- Gr. 60): adj. '
t
'
slander ''.dSu'l.sravat hacimnd
'ddifrra- (from wiri".
dqnta, ~\/dqs-,
~\fdt-)
sb.
:
n.
'eye'.
*
attended by slanders' Ys. 11.1,3*
Ys. 11.4.
Cf.
vzr-zi.doipra-, spiti
,
[Phi. doisar]
see under daman-,
das-:
vb. 'bite'.
dqstra- (from \r dqs-,
draonak-:
Cf. dadqsu-,
ifqsfra-.
sb. a. 'offering, portion',-- Later the
used, like the [Cf. >Skt.
[Skt.
rfs-): sb, n. 'tusk' (of boar).
Hebrew shew-bread,
Cf. tili.dqstra-.
daiun a small
flat
cake
in the oblation. --Ys. 11.4,5,7.
drdvitws-; Phi. dar-un;
New
P.
darun\
draonian
JA
draoman-
vb.
(drag-):
]/'draj-,
q. v.)
(from ~\[dru~
I
cl.
177) Ys. 57.31.
draf$a-:
{kaeja-
n.
'assault'.
'hold'.
dralimnd
sb.
:
New
Ys. 57.10.-
y
vb.
sb.
n.
(i)
3 sg. (w. ace.) Ys. 57.25.
'wood',
(2)
(Gr.
f.
362,2)
P. darvlS]
'make onslaughts'.
cl.
subj. act.
dru-:
New
[Phi. dargtli;
see under driju-. Cans, I 'rush'.
drlvy&sca,
Ys. 57-25.
diraf!}
drijaojfcu drivy&sea gen. sg. m.
'poor'.
adj.
P.
(Gr.
Skt, dark-}
[Cf.
m. 'spear, banner' (attached to spear).
sb.
mid.
ptcpi.
pres.
and ydarz-.
Cf. dar'ja-
[Skt. drapsd-; Phi. drafs;
driju-:
Ys. 57.25.
'mace' (wooden
dravayal caus.
/r-]
[Skt.
Cf. fritter u-.
club).
[Skt. dru-}
"\fdruj-: vb.
cl.
6 'deceive, lie' (esp. hurt by deceit).
Old
[Skt. drttk-;
druj-
(from \[druj^\ sb.
f.
P.
Falsehood',
'fiend,
Ys. 57.15.
sonified.
[Ski.
Cf. druj-, drvaqt-.
Phi. drUjttan}
&//-////
and corruption per-
lie
druh-; Phi.
rtV///]
drva- (from J/V<7/'-) adj. 'firm, sound*. Cf. drvatat-. 'soundness'. drvatat- (from drva-, Gr. 842): sb. Gr. drvaqt- (from druj-, 31 expl.) adj. (dcln. 6V. :
f.
sb.
m. 'fiend,
dhnnd-}
291) 'wicked, the wicked' (6V. Introd. p. xxv
:
fiendish'.
[Skt.
Y*. 57.26.
(pi.)
Ys. 57-25 (bis), 3 2/ darvami ; [Cf. Skt. druhvan-; Phi,
34).
dva-: num.
[Skt.
dva e siva-
370) 'two'.
(6>.
(from
'\fdvar-: vb.
cl.
dvd-;
yVwV-) I
sb.
[
(cf.
New
sb.
n.
evil
(of
New
P.
dii.
n.
n.
'door'.
P.
dvartqli pres. indie, act.
beings).
Vd. 3.29.
dvara-; Old P. duvara-;
New
P. dar}
Cf. dvaiStva-.
dvis-; Phi.
Av.
(^
/.
(conn. w. y^/7-, r/7- 'announce'): sb. m. velation, promulgation of the Religion).
claiming the religion, promulgator first
darvand} Vd. 6.48.
hatred '.Cf. vidvailtoa-.
/#/): vb. 'hate, be malicious'. [Skt.
-
*
ace.
Phi. tfavaristfitt]
[Skt. di'fir-,
"\fdvii-
:
'rush'
Ys. 57.18.
dvar-, dvara-:
I'hl.
.ra'A?
o'i/y*
faithful
i.
e.
'.
the disciples pf Zoroaster
'announcement'
(re-
'proEsp. pao*ryo.{kaf$d the adj.
(as subst.)
who made
the
first
pro-
pau*rya nqm [kagjapaganda, including also himself (Yt. 13.90). nqm gen. pi. in. Ys. 26.4; KhafriS fkaf^o 'the Ahurian Revelation' Ys. 57.24.
Cf. also ahnr5.lkal$a-.
[Phi. kcS ;
New
P. */V]
tbae$ah
(from j//<W-): sb. n. 'hatred, malice'. [Skt. dvcsas-; Phi. l>es]
-
i
/-
vb.
(cf. dvi$-}:
-
4 'hate'.
cl.
jbifyeutfqm pres. ptcpl. act. gen.
(from ]//*/-): adj. 'hating, malicious'.
Av.
nd;
[Skt.
cf.
ndrya-;
na^ry J. savha- (from Nairyosanha
P. na,
nah-"]
'manly, human'.
adj.
-}-
s)
sb.
:
Cf.
New
Phi. nerok;
na'rya-
P.
m. nom. propr.
messenger of Ahura Mazda;
',
11
a
(cf.
em a-:
na): neg.
sb. n. 'side'.
Vd. ig.5(bU).
Cf. an.tara.nacna-, upafri
nema-; Phi. nem, nemak; New from nabinavel -j- tuisdiSta-} (
[Cf. Skt.
nabann zdiSta-
Neryosang.
P.
:
mm, '
'
'
Ys. 57.3.
Ys. n.6.
"not, nor'.
conj.
893)
(Gr.
later
na^nm sauham
Compare VedtcNdj-Ssasa-, name of Agni.
naeda
Yt. 14.4 (gen. pi.).
n.
i
New
Phi. n-;
n a try a- (from nar-}: [Skt.
m.
pi.
Cf. nava.
neg. 'n-' (in composition).
'*
Yt. 14.4.
-[Cf. Skt. dvif-; Phi. betitan}
Ys. 57.26.
na:
jC
nazdyah-
adj.
,
nistara.
ntiiiah-}
next-of-kin
'
(nearest relatives).
i
cl.
i&mante
'bow, bend,
(on
sb.
franamS'ne pres. subj. mid. 478 N. 2) Ys. 57.18. [Skt. nam-} Gr. 332) 'man'. Ys. 26.6,7,10; Ys. 57. 14,34
^.
cf.
m. (dcln.
;
Vd. 3.27 seq.
Yt. 5.4; Yl. 14.17; [Skt. 1
nava
2
nava- num.
;
flee'.
pres. indie, mid. Ys. 57.18;
*///,
nar-, nar a-:
nom. propr. Phi. nabanazdist ] fra ... \-fra 'flee from'.
Skt. nabh&ntdlstha-
[Cf.
"\fnain-: vb.
nar-; Phi. ;w?r-;
+ va}:
New
;
Yd. 6.44,49.
P.
nar\ Ys. 11.3.
[Cf. Skt. na vd} //] 366) 'nine '.-[Skt. nava; Phi. ;/<7z/, nuh; New P. nava.yafySti- (from 2 nava -{- y} * sb. m. 'nine stalks' (of Barsom).
(from na
neg. particle 'not'.
(Gr.
Ys. 57.6 note. j/"ittrtj-: vb.
cl.
[Skt.
4 'perish, be ruined'. Cf. uasit-. \nas-; Phi. nostmian (caus.); New P. tiastdan] v
nastt- (from yiwtfj--): sb^^(i 'corpse', (2) nom. propr., esp. w. druj 'the D ruj Nasu (corpse-fiend); the spirit of corruption, which ruisits in the form of a fly takes possession of the dead body. )
'
(nom. as [Phi.
Gr.
ace.,
nasat
;
nazdyah-, nazdiSta-:
New adj.
Vd
926)
19.5.
P. w/Vj/ cf.
compar.,
Gk.
superl.
vix-?)f]
'nearer,
nearest'.
Cf.
nabanazdista-. [Skt. ntdlyas-, nedislha-
;
Phi. nazdtk, nastiisl ;
New
P.
nazd]
76
>J
nil, see
Q
under nar*.
n&*dy
]fnad-}: Ys. 57.10 note.
'-
(from nar-, Gr.
sb.
837):
see under
nijne,
nipaJ^ta r- (from
wife'.
Ys. 26.7,
8,
10
w)
(cf.
Cf.
a
m. 'driver'
sb.
:
P.
ttSri]
[Skt.
nd'dyah.-.
natk-\
itfidJi,
he
(i.e.
who
holds the
sb.
:
*
f.
safe-keeping
Yt. 5.6.
'.
749) 'out, forth'. [Skt. nis] nl -\\fhar-, Gr. 754,3): sb. f.
nis,
vhasti-
1
guardian-
see under \f'had-.
:
731,4). */44*rv0*'//j see under vbl.
'
(dat. sg.).
n it tar a- (from rtiJF): rulj. -outer'. Cf. niftara.Mag//ta-. nitfara. n a $ma- (from iv> -f- ) sb. n. 'the outside'.
(nl):
reins).
vbl. prefix (Cr.
ship '.--Yt. 5.6
prefix
Ys. 57.21
(6V.
\fJtitr-.
750) -down,
(<. Old
[Skt. M/;
P.
Phi.
///>.,
unto'.
in,
New
/r/o,-
P.
ni*\
nrmufi-.ttiom \fnam-}: sl) Tu 'homage'. Ys. ii.S. [Skt. namas- ; Phi. namaz, mimec ; >few P. nan/di] nd, n& sec under :#///, 6'r. 386. -
-
,
oi/
;
noni. sg. Ys. 11.2.
rtiiauhar'ti- (from
ni
346)
"\fjttn-.
nipa*ti- (from 1//-j
.?
New
be weak'.
]f/>a%/'"\
iiifiaiffii
;/ /
'woman,
f.
(Gr.
see under in.
,
/
weaker .na'dy&uhtm
i.
n&ink ;
Skt. nltri-; Phi.
I
vb. 'be needy,
f-:
'
compar.
a.lj.
geo. sg. Ys. IT.
Mi 9
p^tl
):
(cf.
adv. 'not'.
[Skt.
nmSna^
n-gd
-
t
(GAv. d*m&na-. sb. n.
\'s.
Old \[
dam-
^
Ys. 57.17
New
'build',
The
'house, abode'.
ment of the Iranian (4)
ti.f
P. na-iy:
state,
cf.
et passim.
/r^]
Skt. damas-,
vi/.
(i) nmanu*-,
yi] vis-,
V.s.
(bis),
57.10, 14
Av. i/*rt/:'- (from
J/V-): SD
m
'85):
(3) zotifu-,
2 1,34; Yt. 5.6.
[Old P. tnoniya-; Phi. ;
4
Gr
unit (family) in the Four-fold arrange-
Ys. 26.7;
dahyu-.\s. n.6;
P.
(having the
/.
tord'.
C'f.
a^rapa'ti, fvu?pa[f)\'a-. Nc\v P. ^t/J 2/ni'fi: (i) vbl. pr;fix ((7r. $ 735. 750) 'towards, against, back'. With ace. yal Ad pa'ti wher(2) prep, 'to, upon, for, with'. [Skt. pdti-
;
-
Phi.
-
/to7,
/)a/,-
'
ever indeed' Vd. 3 23;
&me
dat.
with ins.tr. &HIO, pttnl Yt. 5.3,---with cf. Vd. 19.6, 7 ,8,9,---with abl. //<*-
pa*tl Vd. 6.51;
bar'smin (Gr.
st)i-(at pniti
'upon Albor/' with. I o account' Vd. 6.48 ;
Vd. 6.45.
(from /
paiti.jr'n- (from
Old
P. jmtiy
/a 'V/-)r
-j-
tyara^}.pa{ti.3r
j n6
;
Yt; 5.9 (pa'ti);
'
pa'ti-}- \ ~sta-]
sb.
:
in.
'foot, leg'
pass,
:
\l ah,-,
-\-
K
//]
;tf,<
(cf. />*'-
'support').
Ys. 57.14,33.
sb.
;,?-?):
(lit.
patiJMttt]
'welcomed; received'
ptcpl, adj.
'acknowledged, recognized'),
pa'tvast'i- ^from p&ti
; 'PJil.
[Ski. pratisthana-
paiti*zattltt- (from y*2 sfl-)
New
^*rf;
smiting '.---Ys. 57.36.
sg.
:
(lit.
31
l,
a ^J' 'opposing, combative* m. Yt. 14 15.
gen.
Cf. hupaittttana-.
Phi
;
f.
V^-):
jiitts-t*
paitiftiina- (from
Ys. 57. 1 9.
c.
also pai'ijasaiti, pn*liltana- etc.
Cf.
FSkt. pvati;
panl.jani-
with gen. 2) Ys. 57>2; 57.19,21; uptake paH't 'on ihis
966 N. Ys,.
iiaruipyd pa'ti
i.
receiving*
'acquisition,
Vsp. 15 ;3.
(mentally).
r
/ a i mnu- see under \ pal-> pa*pya- (from ipa*ti-}: (i) sb. '
t
possession.
pa*rl
(Gr.
with d a
t.
pa,*rika~:
sb.
-see
under
'[/"ga-,
7tept-o5o).
pa* r i.ga.vac&h<7
*'v
cf.
.
of.
'
prep. (bis);
var*2&i 'against doing' Vsp. 15.1. pdri; Old P. party; Phi. par; JNew P. A"*]
"\fhar-.
a class
oi
female
fairies
bewitching
Vd, 19.5 note.
P. pert,
Slct.
pan]
purogfr^*.
sb.
m.
'cycle,
period'
(cf.
(from pa'ri.go --r?-'* cab*-}', adj. speaking timely words' Vs. 57.20 nole (6V. 864 end, -t-). '
rightly Phi. Vers. ).
|/"^
'before, prior'. u (from pa rva-]: sb.
adj.
pa^rvutalpaema.n-: sb.
'
11.
[Cf.
/'tiy.tis-;
Phi
(ffom
|/"//.f-,
i'~ispv.pMsa-,
st?hr.
(from parva-, Yt. 14.2,
{Skt. pttrvd-, Gr. i.
milk \--Yt. 5.2
Skt.
poesah-, pacsaCf.
suffix
Cf. following,
i&kf-afyta-, ^ee under
-
(2)
around'.--(2) With abl. Ys. 57. 25
vbl. prefix
against'.
Yt. 14.4';
punk; New
[Phi.
parva-:
and
'Pairika, Peri',
f.
pa*ri.ga- (trom
(.so
..
[Skt.
and seductive.
p
'from,
pa^ri
Cf. pah-'n'&za-.
pa*ri*9k(tr$t*~i
'Idrdship, possession'.
(f^ adv.
735, 750): ace. dat. abl.
\v.
n.
Cf. haepaipya-.
5.
;>,?#*;
q, v.):
/i# ; //^
New
sb,
11.
P.
///]
'form, figure, beauty'.
[Skt. pesas-, pcsa-\
Gr,
Qid
I'.
'.- Vs. 57.20.
5.
62.
\Vith //imvfc- q.
[Skt. ptlrvytl--;
48; Old
mastery
'priority,
P.
v.
852
expl.):
Ys. 26.4.
pamviya-\
'first'.
Ys. 26.2, 3;
papra-
pat-
78 "\fpat-: vb.
cl.
ptcpl.
patar*ta-
4 'possess' (Lat. -/to/iri\ pa^imno (Gr. 63 'expl.) pres. mid. Ys. 57.20. [Skt. pat-, patyate 'possess'] Skt. pattrita-\
[Cf.
pad-:
m.
sb.
'
foot
'.
num. (Gr.
Cf. pad*-.
Vsp. 15.1. Ys. 57.8.
366) 'five'. Phi.
pdnca;
[Skt.
panca.dasah-
ace. pi.
/tfrfc?
pad-; Old P. /W-j
[Skt.
paqc a:
Vs. 57.28.
(from *paiira- 'wing'): adj. 'winged'.
+
/ fiaqca.yafySti- (from / (from
-f-
/awiv
>')
New
P.
//]
'of fifteen (years) '.Yt. 14.17 note, sb. in. 'five stalks' (the haoma twigs).
adj.
:
:
Ys. 57.4 note.
\\par-: vb. cl. par a-: (i) adv. (
Gr
9 (Gr.
and
Cf. piia-.
'fill'.
part; Old
P.
under
Cf.
para; Phi. par;
I
[Skt.
750) 'forth,
(Gr.
735) 'before, from'.
-
[Skt.
/r<7
591)
vbl. prefix
par-}
away';
(2) prep.
"\fbar-.
New
P. /ar]
731), with abl. 'before, from'; para}-, prep, and postpos. (Gr. w. ace. 'besides'. Ys. 57.18 (w. abl. bis), 25; Yd. 3.27 (with
(cf.
ace. bir'pwqm}.
p ar dkatar st jma-f-
[Skt.
paras;
tartta- q. v.)
:
Gk. rcapog]
cf.
MS. parCi.kaiarsttma-
,
superl. adj. 'fled
(prob. paroha-
from even
~
Skt.
Here the MS. reading pard.katarsliiMin.
Ys. 57. 13.
paraka-
at a distance'.
given by
is
the Phl.Vers. pes-kamak-tuui 'foremost in loving'.
par$u-
(if
Skt.
r
pars-,
~\
nika-(Y).
parjvanikaface'
[Cf.
stream'.
Cf.
par$va~
'
:
is
'line of battle', cf. p?t^J>va^mk
\\..
14.15.
731,4): (1) adv. 'behind, from behind'; Ys. 57.29 (bis). (2) prep, 'behind'. [Skt. po'fcSf]
(from
Gr.
fiasco,
Ys. 57.10,16.
'after'.
[Skt. pasca;
Old
P. fiasa; cf. Phi.
yal 'since' vb.
cl.
(cf.
New P. pas] Ys. 57. 17 pascaeta ...
pas;
(from pasca}: adv. 'after, afterwards'.
pascatta r
'drop,
'brook, spring']
from -par$u- -p atnika-} adj. having a dripping ( ? ) foaming from madness or rut). Uncertain. Perhaps
e. (t.
fiasco: prep. w. ace.
\ pa-:
P. parit
(perh.
here a'^nika-
paskat
sb. n.
pru?-?):
New
Biblical 'after that' Jer. xxxi.19).
2 'keep, protect'.
\-
ni
'keep saf e
'.
-/J'V/'
pres. indie.
act.
3 ?g. Yt. 14.12,-
nipa'ti Ys. 57.16 (bis);
act.
2 sg. Ys. 57.25;
pala pass, ptcpl. Ys. 57.34; Yt. 14.12.
nipayft
pres.
opt.
pa-; Old P. pa-; New P. fiayiJan] r 60 a): adj. 'rushing about'. (how. pa'ri -\-\ vas-, Gr.
[Skt.
p&irivaza-
Yt. 14.15.
papra-
(from j//a-) [Skt.
:
sb. n.
patra-;
'keeping, protection'.
cf.
Phi. pat (Bund.);
New
Yt. 5.6 dat. sg. innn. P. pas,
pahrah (Horn)]
p&da
pa da-
~\[pa-)\
p&po.vacah-
'protecting*.
adj.
+
(fro ni />/<*
m. 'heel'. Skt.
[Cf.
r
pi-, pinv-: vb.
cl.
879) Ys. 57.2 note. Phi. panak]
cf.
payu-;
[Skt.
pa}
8 words protect '. Ys. 57. 20 note. ): adj. 'whose m. 'keeper, protector'. payu pw6r*$tara ace.
Gr.
du. (clvandva,
P. pSi,
Cf. next word.
z>
sb.
(from J//J-):
-: sb.
New
pada-; Phi. pal;
[Skt.
(from
JQ
Vd. 6.46.
(from /<*/-): sb. m. 'foot'.
papa-
"\
fofd.sara-
Cf. kasu.pa$na-.
New
parwi-; Phi. paSnak; 5 'advance'.
p'tar-, patar-, ptar-;
m.
sb.
P.
pajnah}
Cf. anu.poifwa-.
Gr.
(dcln.
[Skt. //-, pinv-\
322, 235)
'father'.
Ys. 11.4.
Old
[Skt. pitdr-;
1///J-:
vb. 'form, adorn'.
P. pitar-; Phi. pit;
New
P. pidar,
pid\
Cf. paSsah-.
[Skt. ///-; Phi. pesitan;
\r-pu1ida- (from/fl^ra): num.
New
P. abestan 'adorn']
374)
(Gr.
adj.
'fifth'.
Yt. 14.15.
[Cf. Skt. pant^tha-^
pu}ra-:
m. 'son'.
sb.
Ys. xx.i; Vd. 3.25; Vd. 19.6.
Cf. apupra-.
r putrd-; Old P. pup a-; Phi. pusar, pus; New P. pusar,pur] See next word. 'broad, wide'. [Skt. pfthu-\
[Skt.
p?rJ>u-:
adj.
p+/r
p9rpH.frHkapir'na-
Yt. 5.1. (from ): adj. 'wide-expanding'. sb. f. 'a full vessel'. aoi pir9nqm (from \i~par-}: adj. 'full'. 'down to the full (vessel of milk at the sacrifice)' Yt. 5.1,32.
Cf. also aptr'nayuka-. [Skt. pur#d- ; see under ]ffras-. 163, probably from (for p9rta~, Gr.
Phi.
par;
New
P. pur]
ptr's-,
p9$a-
}[ipar-}\ pass, ptcpl. adj.
filled
e.
(i.
with
uncertain word,
condemned,
sin),
A
forfeit'.
difficult
and
In the exgeneral idea is clear. pressions p*6.ianu-, pz$d.sara-, the inference seems to be to a superfluity of sins which would render the body (or head) for-
when weighed
feit
from
safely
comes
its
though
in the balance
crossing
p3$o.tanu-, pt&.sara-,
possessed;
he
the right side of the scale.
(from bja-
(2) adj.
(from
pa$a-}.
+ tanu-}
'having
tanuye dat.
pyfo.sdra-
is
sg.
p^a-
(2) sb.
etc.'
:
Vd. 6.48. '
:
and
etc.
to
a person be-
condemned
as
one
(see upazana-^]
is
ne-
on
increase the weight
See next word.
(i) sb.
i.e.
+ s&ra-) m.
When
practically
atonement by castigation
cessary in order drive out evil
p*jd.tanu-
and would prevent the soul
the Chinvat Bridge.
f.
'a
'damned'. [Cf.
(i) adj.
criminal'.
New
body
filled
with sin';
See under p9$a-.pe$6.P. baSotan 'vile wretch ']
'whose head Ys. 11.3
(cf.
is forfeit'
Yt. 14.46).
(cf.
po^ru -- fravaka-
8o po*ru-
(from "\f\par-\.
many,
'full,
adj.
rich',
Comparison
'
'
Old
fSkt. f>uru~;
-
-f-
/w-)
q. v.)
:
:
/>; Now
adj. 'rich in
P.
/r]
understanding'.
-'thronged with men'.
adj.
Gr.
pwu-,
(from
(
851):
adj.
crowded
Vs. 11.2.
po*ruma*ti
'.
sg. n. VS. xi. 2.
loc.
/
paru-; Phi.
Vs. 57.20.
a- (from /
o
P.
+ asafyti-
povnt.aeaityti- (from p*
.\' u ru-,
365) Vd. 3.23,29.
frayah-, frvtfta- rcoXug, itXeiwv, TrXEtsios (/* See next word.
a r'da - (from p*
'
r u.
s
rtf.
p#rsartak] sb. f. spafysti- (from / -|- ->') i'hl.Vcrs. has pul patptnih (cf.
-f*
sarda-}
adj.
:
manifold
YS.
'.
I
x.6.
[Phi.
PC,
i*
:
pV'ru $as/>a-
nomen
m.
sb.
asfia-}:
(cf.
Vd. 19.6 note.
Zoroaster.
/ra
,
and
adv.
fra:
vbl.
P.
1*. '
propr.
fasba* 'keeper').
Pourushaspa', father of
New
purisasp\
750) 'forwards, forth'.
Phi.
fra;
P.
/.
prefix (6>.
Old
[Skt. //-4;
Q)
over'.-- Vs. 57.26,
watch
full
New
[I'M. fi'ifsusp;
Av. a
;
//,
New
/ra, cf.//v7.i;
P.
frai'Sta- (see /><>/-) super!, adj. 'most'. Vd. 3.23. fraolt^a- (from y>v/- -f- 1/Wr-j pass, ptcpl. adj. 'pronounced'.
/Vz/j
:
:
Cf.
[Skt. prdkta-}
jraofyti- (from
Yvaf
fraorinta, see // ar asyan:
s1j -
^ 'pronunciation'.
Vsp. 15.2.
r (from \ da~]
'
?
Franrasyan
(
later
A
fr
i
-s
y ab
).
note.
xi. .7
fray/iar*zi*itqt/t, sec uuder
fradapa-
:
)
j^w-.
m. nom. propr.
sb.
See Vs.
7^ s
(jr'
">
under
:
.sb.
'\fhurz-.
'increase, furtherance*.
n.
Yt. 5.6 (infin.).
Vsp. 15.2. (from y"2.w/-}: sb. f. 'recitation'. 163 from j,'"vtf/--) 'Fravashi' -one of frava$i- (for *fravarti~, Gr. the elements in the spiritual constitution of man, and serving See Ys. 26.1 note; and for the as a sort of guardian angel. worship of tlie Frava^his, see the Fravardin Yasht (Yt. 13).
frani9r*ti-
:
Ys. 26.1,2 seq.
[Old
nomen
r. frrivarli-
Xew /ravd'/i,
sec under
fravaka-
(from fra-
r
\ -f-
propr.;
Phi.
fravyator (frtkar);
P. farvar, fro<j(irain\
i;
and Gr. ^ 51 N. i. sb. n. 'pronouncing,
'\fvat-)
:
[Cf. Skt. pravdcuHa-\
recital'.
-Vsp. 15.3.
fradan aa-'
^Aom wood';
(from
\:
=
move'
frit-
Skt.
vb. inchoat
pyr^s-.
spond
'made of a
adj.
\fpru-\\ sb,
log'.
'progress, prosper-
f.
re
pay
Vt. 14.1; ofrasani subj. act.
i
Old P fras+; sb.
^a//-):
"J/"j
-\-
a
ptr-'saf prei. indi'j. act.
'.
'*
re-
3 sg.
Vd. 3.27; psr^stnanne^u pres.
sg.
m. 'among those that beg' Yd, 3.29.
pi.
[Skt. firas-;
(from
-
698) 'ask, question
(Gr.
requite,
to,
ptcpl. mid. loc.
frasastt-
829):
Ys. 57 15 note.
ity".
~\f//'as",
'a sprout, shoot'; (2) 'stick of
(i)
Of. frara%$ag#a-.
(3) 'penis'.-
(from fravaJj*a-, Gr. m. 'log'.- Vd. 6.46 note.
sb.
fravi-
m.
sb.
\fvii^-}'.
$j
Phi. pGrsildn
New'
;
1
.
pursidan}
V&. 57.6, 8,
'glorification'.
I.
[Skt. prasasti-}
frastir'ta-
'stretched, extended'
(from j/O/ar- q. v.) pass, ptcpl. adj fused of bafsoin before being tied up). :
by 'bound 9 frastjr ta
f fas par ana-
in
in. bundles',
The
Phl.Vers. renders
accordance with the Jarer custom.
bar'smtn
f>a*ti
abl. sg. n. (Gr. 966 N. i) Ys. 57.2. Gr. ^ 507): adj. * stamping forwards'.
(from \fspar-,
Yt. 14.11.
frasruta- (from //"- -f- \~sru-} pas-. [>tcpl. adj. fraga-; adj. 'forward, renovated, prepared' (in :
'famed*.
1.5.3.
the HibJicai sense).
See next word.
f r a so.ca r* tar -
(from frasa-
+ car tar9
paring* (the world, resurrection
fra$na-
and
cf.
final
'making ready, pre-
Yt. 19.11), i.e. ready for the
;
Frashokereti.
restoration,-
/ra$Q.car*prqm
gen. pi. m. Ys. a6.6, epithet of the Saoshyants. q. v. (from \ffras-, Gr. question -^fiu^ris fra$no 160)- sb. m. 'the Revelation of Ahura' (personiHed) Ys. 57.24. '
'
[Skt.
prasnd-; Phi. fraSn, pursiitn
fraza*ii*i- (from fra-- T \fizan-Y, [Phi. farzana';
fra,
adj,
q. v.):
Ys. 30.9
New
sb.
;
New
'progeny
f.
P. '.
purs it]
-Cf. afrazaiyti-.
P. ftirzand]
see under /^cs.
frdka-
(from fra^c-
f ratio, t-gaepa-
q. v.)
(from
crease'
(i.e.
:
adj
helping mankind). -Ys. 57.2.
fr5dyr*.$ra,- (from /r^-
+ j/V#
Vers. has fraz pelak
\ffrSd-:
fradana*
vb.
I
cl.
(from -,
[Cf.
'increase,
j/Yrtzi/-,
vuf)iv6<>,
'forward, expanding'.- -Cf. pyrtyu.fraka-. a ^j- 'making the world in-
Yfr**"^'gaSP&~)'-
Gr.
/-<"-)
:
adj.
'seea afar'.
fac-conspicuous
adj.
'increasing'. -Cf. sdn.frd-
et al.
Phi. fradat, frayul
;
'
help
Phi.
Cf. <-fr&dana^ fradat.gaepii-.
promote'. 763):
Vs. 57.27,
'.
;
New
P. faryeuf}
82
frayah-
fr&yah-
(see /
compar.
ffuja-
'more'.
adj.
fr&yd vohunqm 'a superSee next word.
of good things' Vd. 3.29.
frayo. hum at a-
(from fr&yah-
-\-
h]
in
adj. 'rich
:
good thoughts'.
nH frayo Jittmatd nom. sg. m. Ys. 57.14,34, i. e. the man who has more good (than bad) thoughts, words, deeds (recorded to
The
his account). credit
when
p. *xxviii
frShumat]
+ kittya?)
(from frayah-
fr Sy o. h v a r $ t a -
:
adj.
'rich
(from frayah-
Av}
-f-
rich
' :
adj.
good words'.
[Phi. frdhufyt]
in
good deeds
'.
See under frdyo.humata- above.
Ys. 57.14, 34.
fr&havar$t
]
(perhaps from fra--\-]fr&-, ra/t-}:
frdravha-
in
See under frayd.humata-.
Ys. 57.14, 34.
[Phi.
a surplus (fravu) to his See Gr. Introd.
balanced.
is
and Vsp. 15.1 note.
44,
[Phi.
fr ay QJiufyta-
man has
righteous
the account at death
adj.
'bestowing
gifts'.
Yt. 5.8.
fra/wi-:
regenerating' (?). haoino frSfmtt Ys. 57.19, probably alludes to the part played by Haoma at the resurrection and regeneration of the world (Fra$dk)r>ti). adj. 'restoring,
but
uncertain,
Cf. htl fr8$md.d&'ti-.
frSjmo.d&iti-
(cf.
fragmi-, and Yda-): sb.
the night, evening twilight.
down'
f.
'sunset 'first quarter of
fasca hu fra$ind.daittm
'
after sun-
Ys. 57.10, 16.
[Fhl.Vers. merely transcribes hu-fr&i$md-d&td\
fripa-
beloved '.~Ys. 57-34-
(from Y/rt-): adj.
585) 'gladden, love'. See under d/rivacah- above.
vb.
"\l~fri-:
cl.
g (Gr.
[Skt. prt-; Phi. afritan,
fr$r*naot sec imder frqqc- (from fra, Gr. t
Y
ar ~ aDOVe
afrimiau
;
1-
New
a 'bless, curse'. P. afriilan]
-
287): adj. 'forward'.
Cf.
fr&ka- above.
fnlz; New P. farffz] m. friend '.Vs. 57.34 Vd. 3.25
[Skt. prafic-; Phi. frac,
fry a -
'
(from Y/ri-}
:
adj.
dear '.
[Skt. priya-;
flaonayaf$aoni-
Yfi u " : /fufa-
New
sb. P.
'
;
(bis).
fart (Horn)]
(from fjaoni-}: vb. denom. (Gr. 695) 'fatten' ftaonayehe pres. indie, mid. 2 sg. Ys. ii.i.
(art.
Xey.).
Cf. ftaonaya-. (from ]/"//-): sb. (i) 'fatness', (2) 'food, fodder'. 1- 4 'make thrive, increase, raise cattle'. f$uyqs pres. act. See under vdstrya-. ptcpl. nom. sg. m. (Gr. 291) Ys. n.6.
v ^-
(from
Y/fu ~)'
World of Ys. 57.22.
ac^J-
'thriving, prosperous' '
Prosperity
(i.
e.
/jit fasca
mqfird 'the
the Fshusha Munthra Chapter, Ys. 58)
[Phi. flu3-ni&nsar]
bar'zah-
ba'rya-
Av. _j
g^
b.
Cf. karpd.ba?rya-. ba*rya- (from )/%?/-, Gr. 812): .adj. 'bearing'. baS$aza- (from ~]fbijaz- 'heal'): sb. n. 'remedy, balm'. Yt. 14,2,3.
[Skt. bhe?ajd-; Phi. bilaz; cf.
baSfazya-
(from baZgaza-, Gr.
New
P. bizisk}
Ys. 57.19; Yt, 5.1;
852): adj. 'healing'.
Yt. 14.3-
baodah-
(from ][bud-
q. v.)
sb. n.
:
'consciousness'
tual faculties; the sense or perception
vb.
i
cl.
(i)
'divide,
share,
whereby impressions are
present';
u.i
bafysahe pres. indie, mid. 2 sg. Ys.
cl.
also
P. baffidan]
baydaya( pret. indie, act. 3 sg. Ys. 11.7; 3 sg. (cf. below under ma) Ys. 11.7.
New P. bastan} 'bestow upon* (Yt. 5.2);
bandh-; Old P. bad-; Phi. bastan;
[Skt. i
cl.
'bear,
carry'.
ava
\-
'flov'
a 'bring forth, display*. (intrans. Yt. 5.5). b r i n g forth'. \~ uz 'bring unto, bestow'. 'bear away' (reap a harvest), ava.baraiti pres. indie, \-
+ upa -\-para
'partake, eat'.
Yt. 6.7).
10 'bind'.
i,
battdaya$ subj. act.
"\fbar-: vb.
(2)
(cf.
New
[Skt. bhaks-; Phi. balfiitan, bafean;
"\fbattd-: vb.
of the spiri-
Ys. 26.4 (see note); Vd. 19.7.
received.
VbafyZ-:
onjc
'
barafti 3 sg. Yt. 5.2, 5 Vd. 3.25 Hbaraili Yt. 14.12; upa Vd. 3.25; uzbaire pres. indie, mid. i sg. Yt. 5.6; bgfryttitte pres. indie, pass. 3 pi. Vd. 3.29; barqt pret. indie, act. 3 sg. Yt. 14.2; bararna subj. act. I pi. Vd. 6.44, 49 para.barqn subj. act. 3 pi.
act.
;
,
;
.
.
;
'they
(i.e.
men)
m. (Gr.
pres. ptcpl. act. ace. sg.
m. 'riding' Yt.
ptcpl. mid. dat. sg.
[Skt. bhar-;
bir'pwa-.
bar'prl-
Old
5.4.
P. bar-; Phi.
(fem. to bar*(ar- m. from ~\[bar-, Gr. Cf.
barprya-
Cf. also ba*rya-,
bur tan;
New
787): sb.
f.
hqm.bur dan} 'mother*.
P.
barprya-.
(from bar'pri-): sb.
ba r* sman- (from used by
The Greeks times
[Phi.
(from
'mother's womb'.
Vd. 19.6
(cf.
zu-}.
the ceremony. (cf. Ys. 57.4) varied according to described them as 0d8oi. Brass rods have in later
replaced
bar'smm
n.
' baresma, barsom', the sacred twigs ]fbarz-\. sb. n. the Parsis at their religious ceremonies. The number
of the twigs
barzah-
Vd. 3.27; bartttttm frajasqn 938) Vd. 6.46,47; barsmndi pres.
shall reap a harvest'
the
real
barsom; \fbarz-]
:
New
;
Yt. 5. 9; Yt. 14.5;
308) Ys. 57.2.
P. barsuni\
sb. n.
highest height' (loc. sg.) [Cf. Skt.
Ys. 57. 6
twigs.
for abl. sg. (Gr.
'height'. ;
Ys. 57. 19, 21
Yt. 5.3.
tar/ias-; Phi. burz;
New
P. 6urz]
'upon the
bar'zd*
84 bar'za-
(from ^barz-\
Bareza
sb.
:
l>9r*zaiit-
nomen
'height'.
f.
(adj.)
Itaraiti
propr.
'upon Mount Alborz'.
Ys. 57.19,21
(Mount Alborz).
Cf. for'za-.
barzi$-
(from j/Ywrs-)
sb.
:
'mat, Cushion*.
n.
New
[Cf. Skt. barhis-; Phi. baliSn; b
a r 'z iX t a
-
f'Skt.
bd: strengthening
(cf.
verily,
particle,
-C.ius.
indeed'.
'
vaf
ex a] Ini
Skt. "\fb3dh- 'press'): adv. 'continually'.
731.
Cf. b9t#zaqt-.
I'.
pa^ti
'(it
is
there)
Ys. 57.10;
r bar-,
t'
ni.
1
1.2.
f.
basvd loc.
Yt. 5.7;
[Skt. bahu-
staoyah
-
(from
instr.
<$
j/)
-f-
New
si;-,
P.
P.
bumf\
'rider'.
in.
2/-/ar]
bazava nom. Cf.
pi.
ai.Msu-.
*Ji, Me] an arm'.
'stouter than
adj.
:
New
m. Vd. 3.25, 26, 28.
sg.
Phi. />J^//
;
fxlmtk ;
'foreleg' (of animnls).
(2)
h>ani-
'bright'.
adj.
163, 787 N. i):
Skt. bkartar-; Phi.
[Cf.
'arm',
(i)
Or.
~\
Vd-3-27,29.
Vd. 6.45.
i)
la my a- (from bcima*- = Skt. bftiima- 'brightness'): ra^ni bamlm ace. sg. n. Ys. 57.31. [Phi.
liizn.
V<1. 6.45.
\M. 3.23.
etc.'
Superi. bsfditom (Gr.
bazu-:
;
see under b&da.
baidiUta-,
baJa
be nigh, be great'.
wherever
verily,
'.
:
vb. 'grow,
j/Wrz-.-
- Ys. 57. 19, 2 1
'
to Arj*Mny/$) adj. highest bar hi si ha-; Phi. &?//]
(sit perl,
Cf. fva.t>ar!>zis-. bali* 'pillow, cushion']
I'
bdzu.-
staoyehi Yt. 5.7.
baztos.aojah- (from bazuarmed'.
bitya-: num. r
bnd-:
vb.
'
cl.
867 N.
Gf.
Old
second'. P.
Yt. 14.7 (6V.
duvitiya-
'strong-
^<W-] 'become, be'.
997
expl.).
Phi. ditigar}
cf.
;
4 'know, perceive, be awatce
I,
adj.
i):
[Skt. frthti-ojas-}
374)
(6>.
adj.
[Skt. cfviliya-;
\
+ aojah-,
Ys. 57.33.
'.
baodah- above.
Cf.
[Skt. /'//-.
vb.
i
cl.
buy&
aor.
opt.
645) Ys. zi.l
2 sg. (^/V.
seq.; Yt. 5.9. [Skt. bkft-; >
(from
\
bar-}
:
P.
adj.
Phi. baian:
//fl-/
(fiom
btr'za- -f dl-
far'ztiidim ace. sg.
see note ad loc. -
Ys. 26.3;
q. v.)
:
adj.
On
m. Ys. 57.11. [l*hl.
(ptcph of \ffxJn:-):
[Skt.
P.
/>*A///|
byr'pe
nom.
sg.
f.
Ys. 57.30; Yt. I4.l2.--Cf. also
(from ]/~forz-): adj. 'high, tall'. t-
New
'burdened, laden',
245, 67) Yd. 3-27 note.
,^r.
bria-
Old
F
6s r by a-
'high-spirited,
burz, bttrzfik
adj.
(dcln.
New
,
Gr.
P.
MlatiJ ;
New
1
I
burz\
291) 'great, lofty'.-
Ys. 57. 3 (ucc. sg. f.),4.
hflidnt-; Phi.
valiant'.
the vaiiont fot*Mfffm here
.
buhnd\
-
85 b*r'*i-. side-form of
byr'za- in
See next word.
compounds.
lrzyastn-
(from bar^zi- -j- ^yiih-} adj. 'high-girt' (with loins girt up for fighting or for helping). Vs. 57.30
\fbri-: vb.
:
cl.
9 (G>. % 591.2) 'cut'.
Gr.
brvipra- (from \fbrl-t brolbro.taela- (from
791): sb.
4- tatfa-}
i/-
sna*J>/{ ... brt>ibrd.taez)ni
(from "\fman-, Gr.
adj.
sharp as a knife '.
Ys. 57.3
1
>w-
-6
788): sb.
[Skt. ///a//./ Phi.
'middle
:
P. burni
'knife, battle-axe'.
n.
'a keen-edged weapon'.
Av.
ma'/i-
Cf. broipi'a-
bun tan; New
[Skt. 4*rf-; Phi.
f.
'mind, thought'.
Cf.
armaHi-.
/rca/]
1
Cf. maidyoi*, ntadiina-. wdtihya-; cf. Phi. /ntySn; New P. mtvan\ 877 -|- pa?ti$tan(i-'] ma'dyoi.p a i Li sla na- (from maidya-. Gr. adj 4 half a foot (or leg) high '. pryatystls maidydi.paiti^tdnqsca cc. pi. m. Vs. 57.0. Phl.Vers. has
ma'
adj.
(medius).-- Yi. 5.4.
[Skt.
:
.
ma'tiinina-, see under
mainivasah-
.
.
J/'wj'w-.
(for jnaJtiyv-asah-,
from mainyu-
-+-
asah-,
Gr.
68): adj.
'darting through the heavenly space' (epithet of horses, arrow). The Phl.Vers. has pavan maindg divak'eh through the domain '
of the
wa''nyava -
Ys. 57.27.
(K. \V. West).
spirit'
(from mu*nyu-}\
yazatanam gen.
pi.
adj.
heavenly'.
'spiritual,
YI. 14-
inahiyavancim
1.
mahiyu .. sp^td (from |/"///a-, CV. 814): sb. m. 'spirit'. avro nom. du. Ormazd and Aliriman Ys. 57.17. See also
mainyu-
'
..
Ys. 57.32; Yt. 14.1; Vd. ig.S seq. [Cf. Skt.
ma'rya-
New
(from
nnno\ sb. m. 'murderer,
^5
-
11.7.
mar]
|/" w/s-)
[Skt. -
:
m. 'cloud'.
sb.
mdghd-;
cf.
(superl. to ma*
Ys. 57.28 (abl. du.),
Phi. miznah, tNfj (Vd.)
63 N. 3
Gr.
Ys. 11.7 'in the middle third of the 63 N. 3] [Skt. madJiyama-, Gr. :
P. .
[Phi,
maeja-
luanyu- ; Phi. mainUg;
r
(from | i mar-']: adj. 'deadly, murderous criminal'. ma*nm ace. sg. m. (6V 2.3,9)
Ys. 57.25.
[Skk.JMtfA Gr.
dzniyfi-) (from ma( Zend commentary). gaj>& -f-
:
New adj,
expl.):
see note.
P.
#] 'midmost'.
arth'.
735) 'with'.
prep. w. instf. abl. gen. (Gr.
;
Ys. 11.4,5;
Ys 26.6; -
140] adj. 'with the explanation* (i.e. ..
ma/aza*%tts
ace. pi.
f.
Ys. 57.8.
86
maz-
nia^.pafti.frasa
m af.pa* ti.frasa-
ma
(from
:
-\-paiti -{-/rasa-
answers to the questions
'question'):
Ys. 57.8,
'.
adj.
'with
compare perhaps such
catechetical chapters as Ys. 19.16-21; Ys. 21.1-5. [Cf. Phi. pafi Ss 'inquisition,
~\fm a
n- :
vb.
cl.
4
*
think '.
Caus.
pret. (injunct.) act.
man-; Old
man a, see under azun, ma n ah- (from ~\fman^]'. Good Mind'
P.
man-;
Cf. also
in
expl.) Yt. 5.7.
63
386.
sb. n.
'thought, spirit, mind'. Gr. Introd. p. xxv
vohu mano 'the 34) Ys. 57.24;
(personified,
amanavha.
\Svi\..
as'
comparisons);
Phi. mainitan]
Gr.
manavha mainimna 'thinking
P. badafrah\
mqnayin ahe ya]>a
them think thereof
3 pi. Vd. 3.25 'let
974 gen.) = 'just as' (used regularly mafrumna pres. mid. ptcpl. nom. sg. f. (Gr. (Gr.
[Skt.
New
punishment';
'make believe'.
mind' (Gr. 941 mdnas- ; Phi. "man; in
expl.) Yt. 5.7.
New
P.
man}
manahya-
Ys. 57.25. (from uianaA-): adj. 'spiritual'. Cf. amtr'tat-, am$a-, 677). ~\fitnar-: vb. cl. 4 'die' (see also Gr. ma*rya-, mar'tan-. [Skt.
yzwar-:
vb.
Cf.
cl.
mar-; Old P. mar-; Phi. murtan; New P. murdan\ x, 3 (i) 'have in mind, remember'; (2) 'recite'.
fram)rti~. [Skt. smar- (Gr.
140); Phi. hdlmtirtan; New P. Sumurdan} (from jAi Mar-): sb. m. 'mortal, man'. Esp. gay a mar'tan 'Gaya Maretan* (lit. 'living-man'), the first man, Adam.
mar 9 tan-
Ys. 26.5, 10.
Vt ark-,
[Phi.
i/i?r*nc-: vb.
New
gayomart; 7 'destroy
[Cf.
mas-
sb.
f.
563) Vd. 19.6.
mar$uy&
mas;
(from mas-}:
New
sb. n.
[Cf. Phi.
'
greedy-gut Cf. maaah-,
'greatness, size'. -Yt. 5.3 ace.
Skt. martya-;
163 expl.):
Old
P.
vajl -]
'
adj-
Yt. 14.11
[Skt.
Gr.
934.
mdh-]
f.
'wisdom'.
Ys. 57.20.
'
New
P.
Yt. 14.4.
mardtlm]
serving as clothing for
note.
(from ~\fmaz- 'be great' == Skt. '\fmah-']: /wa*-.
sg.,
'mortal, man'.
sb. in.
martiya-; Phi. mart&m;
majfyd.vavha- (from majya- + ]f 2 man' (i. e. camel's hair).
maz-
masita-.
masih]
(from ~\[mar-, Gr. j
').
P. tniK\
masita- (from man-}: adj. 'great'. Yt. 5.3. masti- (for *mad-ti, Gk. p.a9-, cf. mazddh-']\ sb.
majya-
62,1) Ys. xi.i.
gen. sg. (Gr.
Nar. here has dusfddarSya (cf. Eng. (side-form of maz- q. v.): adj. 'great*.
mas ah-
m9rn.cavuha
555, $&-).
marc- ; Phi. tnarancttritan}
Skt.
'paunch, gut'.
[Phi.
gayomard}
(Gr.
pres. imperal. mid. 2 sg. (Gr.
niarfvf:
P.
1
cl.
adj.
'great*.
See also
mqm
mazaqt
87
=
Skt. Vwah-}: adj. 'great*. from "\fmaz- 'be great' [Skt. mahdnt-] sg. m. (Gr. 295) Vsp. 15.3. mazifta- (superl. to maz-, mazant- q. v.): adj. 'greatest, jieYtoiog'. Ys. 26.2; Yt. 14.12 (bis); Vd. 3.23 'with the greatest joy'.
maza^t-
(orig. ptcpl.
maza nom.
[Skt. mahiftha- ; cf.
mazdadata* Ys.
mazdah-
(from
1 1.8 (bis); Yt.
-\-
14.2
Old
P. maplsta-} :
"\fda-)
adj.
by Mazda'.
'created
(bis).
[Cf. Phi.
aaharmazdat] mazdayasna (from mazdah -\-yasna-): adj. sb. m. Mazdayasnian, worshipper of Mazda'. Ys. 57.13; Vsp. 15.1; Vd. 6.46,51. '
[Phi.
mazda*ti-
masdayasn] e.
i.
(from "\fmazdd-
madh-
-f-
cf.
dhi-,
sb.
mazdah-'}'.
f.
're-
membering'.
Vsp. 15.2 (dat. sg.). Gk. jia9-): sb. f. (m.) dcln. Gr. (from ~]f*madh-
mazdah-
256 'Mazda,
Wisdom'. Phi. tradition derives it as maz- -\-da- niagna Scientia*. Ahura Mazda 'Ormazd' ('Lord of Wisdom') Ys. 11.4 et passim. azsm yd ahuro mazd<& I who [am] Ahura Mazda Yt. 5.6. '
'
'
mSdhds-; Old
[Skt.
P.
Phi.
aura-mazda-;
auharmazd;
New
P.
ormuzd~\
mazdo.fr aofyta-
-Vd.
mahrka-
<
(from mazdah~-\-fr >]\ adj. 'pronounced
by Mazda'.
19.9-
100 N.
(from "\fmark-, msr'tic-, Gr. Ys. 57.25.
m. 'desolation,
i): sb.
Death'. fit
a: adv. and conj. 'not,
With
|iif)'.
opt. Ys. ix.2; with imj>erat.
Vd. 19.6;
with subjunct. 'in order that not, lest' Ys. 11.7. [Skt.
ma; Old
ma; New
P.
P.
mah]
'Mazanian'.
Epithet of a class of demons, 'the Divs of MazanderSn', a province south of Caspian Sea. Ys. 57.17,32. ' mazdayasna- (from mazdayasna-, Gr. Mazdayasnian adj. 60)
tnazainya-:
adj.
'
:
(belonging to the worshippers of Mazda). ace. sg.
vb.
\fmiz-:
cl.
i
[Skt.
muraka-
(perh.
f.
(Gr.
'make mi A- ;
362) Vd. 19.6. water, drop rain'. Phi. mlzitan;
from Av. mura- 'dumb'):
m&rakaca nom.
m 9r* me,
n,
c
,
pi.
(from "\fman-)
adj.
Cf.
maeja-.
nnzldan\ (sb.
m.)
'dumb,
idiots'.
Ys. xx.6, see note.
386.
[Skt.
m. 'word, spell'. Esp. mqpra spaqta Ys. 57.20,22; Yt. 5.9; Yt. 14.5.
sb.
:
Holy Word'.
mqm,
P.
see under ]fmark-, marc-.
see under azam, Gr.
mqpra-
New
daSnqm mdzdayasnlm
mdntra-; Phi. mansar}
see under az?m,
Gr.
386.
'the
mrij
88 vb.
\fntri/~'.
(pdgm. 6V.
J
cl.
mdic.
y&ua-
act.
517) -speak, say. call'.-
Yt. 5 i;
3 sg.
Vt. 14.1
Av. ro
ya-:
pron
(6V.
f'jyti
x/
///w,
(i) pron. of
l
yat hj) Vi.
1 1.
1
,
2
;
reference,
who
keeper and judge
pw9rsaW ihe (2) equivalent
ya
Yt. 14
1
2
-
de-
demonstr.. yd as c o n n e c t v e
to conjunct, (3 }
-f
i
,
article, azarn yv ahuru nuizdw i who [am] vaz^mna yiin Vokuin srao^in 'carrying the
or resembling Gk.
OrmD/d'
y.
'who, which'.
30.9)
fi:v.'i/---'S;'ara
cide' Ys. 57.2. (js.
pret.
^rw-j
[Skt.
rel.
mrao^ Yd, 3.23; Vd. 6.45.
;
'
Yr. 5.6;
Y^. 57.29; avfous yv att-vato 'the material world' \\. 57.25; fra,i
good Sraosha'
;
Old
[Skr. ya~,
vavl*:
yaojl,
Cf.
|/"ja
qzda
a-ivl.
ne\t word.
-({torn -
hya~ sis
dat. abl.
P.
/ j
750 N.)
N., 692); vb.
750
indie,
proper'.
right,
3 sg. Yt
act.
5,
el. 3
1,5;
'purify, cleanse y(i<^^id(ii'>y:>
'.
pass,
Vt. 5.8.
f.
m. 'twig, stalk'.
sb.
(6V.
y^j
[Skt.
pres.
New
Phi. f;
:
prefix
y a os -\-J5-, Gr.
yiirj-'foiitjifi
ptcpl.
yntl^ti-:
P.
s^.
gc:n.
Cf. prya^li-, patia^ya^sfi-,
hupta
.
(Skt. yasfi-] f
~\fyat~
\b.
TO
cl.
strive
'stretch,
(i)
1
(2)
;
'stretch forwards, speed' 3 pi.
yap a
Ys. 57.29.
(from ya-]
friiyulayci/i-ii
Ys. 11.3, 7;
fra
-.
j)re. indie, act.
[Skt, yat-}
ndv. and conj. (i) -as, like';
ret.
:
come'.
'reach,
Ys. 57.10;
(2) *that.
Yd. 3.25,
Yt. 14.13;
Vt. 5.3;
so that'.
Yd
yapa paijt.jusan ,. yapa Lhat they jnay return ... as' Yt. [Skt. yat ha; Old P. yapS\ rel. adv. -when'. Cf. next word. ya-} [Skt. yat/u] (from
19.6;
'
.
yada
y a do it
5.1^.'-.
;
(from yada
-\- //)
j/a/ (from ya~, Gr. ... ya$ 1
:
adv. 'in order that'.
'since'
whether
...
'when she
(lit.
or
llows
'nfter
(sivt fortli
'
.
.
Ys.
that') .
Vd. 6.45.
'that, since,
adv., conj.
731,1):
5717;
3--rJ Ys, 57.29
Vt. 5.4.
[Sk-t.
yut
;
when
'.
/>asca?ia
y
ya-fcif
yat
.
.
.
i1
tc*t
/ratatafa
} 1
\fyain-, yas-
(i.e.
*ytn-s,
Gr.
6<)&)
:
vb.
'hold,
reach,
grant
.
Gr.
450) apa 'repel '.afa.yasai (i. e. yasa[h~]i, likt ini>ia[hji.. apu.yasam suhj. mid. l sg. Vd. iq.q. .>uhj. act 2 sg. Vd. 19.8;
-f-
[Skt. yarn-, yac/t-]
vava-:
sb.
m. 'grain, corn'
note.
[.SUt.
ydva-;
(field
products, opp. ktar'nti-"].- -Yd. 3.23, 27
Phi. yc/v,
;'
New
1\ yr/j
vb, inchoal., see under "\fyam- above. r (from \ yaz-): bb m. (i) 'worship' (consisting of sacrifice, praise,
'j/ji/tff-'
yasna-
thanksgiving, offerings); (2) 'Yasna' (Gr. Inlfod. p. xvii 13). Sec also haptavh&iti-. Ys. 57.3 (bis), 6, S, 13,20; Vsp 15.2 (bis); k
Yt. 5.9,13?: Yt. 14.5.- Cf. mazdayasna*. !-Skt.
New
yajnd-t' Phi. yasn, yajisn;
y a s n o. k 9 r > ti - (from yasna-
prob.
'
kar-
"]f?
Yasna.
section, of the
i.e.
kerejti',
-\-
P.
cut
izasn} '
)
st>.
;
*
f.
YasnoThe
Visparad Kardts*
cf.
,
would rather imply. } r i kar- 'make' i.e. performance of the sacrifice, and refers it to the, concluding formula Yenhe
Plil.Vers.
Hatam.
^yaz
vb.
-.
-Ys.
57.22.
cl. t
'worship' (with sacrifice, yazamaide pres. indie, mid. i mid. 3
indie,
pret.
Vs. 57.3;
Ys. 26.1
et
Yt. 14.5;
yaz&te
[.Skt.
5.1
3 sg. Yt. 5.8;
yaz)mn3m>
;
fii
yaj ; Phi. yasfaw] Gr.
cf.
'\f yaz-,
(from
subj.
mid.
subj.
yazae$a pres. opt. mid. 2 sg. (Gr. 487) Yt. prea. ptcpl. mid. ace. (dat.) sg. Yt. 5.132.
yazata-
passim; yazata mid. I sg.
Ys. 57.2 (bis), 19: yazai
sg.
Yt. 5.9;
thanksgiving, oblation).
praise, pi.
786 N.
2): adj. sb.
m. 'divinity, Angel'.
Ys. 57*3,33; Yt. 14,1. [Skt. yujuta-
sb. m.
yaltt-i
'
gen.
yana-
sorcerer, pi.
Phi.
;
Yatu
Yt. 14.4.
(from ]fya/fi-
q. v.)
[Cf. Ski.
Vs
adj.
11.5
see under
y&trha-f i
vb.
cl.
yana-
New
;
Vd. 19.6.
Phi. yau]
:
'.
698): vb.
apa
'.
yapiuqtn
P. j&dti]
.
.
.
yas&iti
Superl.
cl.
i-
subj.
yana -
'seek*. act.
3 sg.
P. ySsidan}
yasta.- pass, ptcpl.
cf,
&jr*yasfa-.
Cf. ynJitar-, yufjda-,
Phi. ayi?jitan\
yuidye'ti pres. indie, act. 3 sg. Ys. 57.17.
4 'fight'.
[vSkt.
ym
male magicians.
\fyam*, Gr.
'yoke, bind, gird'. ,
wtirt,
'abounding in favors
\fydh-. vb. cK 2, 10 'gird'.
[Skt. yuj-
yyud-:
New
[Cf.
t
~\fvuj-: vb. cL
P.
'seek to'withhold
"\fyah-,
yasta-
Old
,
(prob. j^-fonnation from apa>
P.
m. 'favor, reward '.--Yt. 14.3
sb.
:
yana-
(from yaita~\\ vast
-f-
New
a class of evil
[Skt. yattf-; Phi. y&t&k.;
ydnavaift-
|/yj-
vctzd ;
',
yut/k-}
r
]/
yus-:
vb.
cl.
i
'Shake, stir'.-
pres. indie, act.
3
pU
f-
Yt. 5.4
a 'boil ;
a
.
.
.
up, b
u b
bit
'.
yaoz9titi
yaaza*ti- pres. indie, act. 3 sg.
Yt. 5.4-
yfifytar- (from \fyuj-): Ys. xi. 2.
sb.
m. 'one
-[Phi. tyfytor]
who
harnesses'.
ytifya
nom.
sg.
r&-
yutyda
a- (from ~^yuj-, Gr. 77 N. 3) adj. 'girded, ready for battle'. varazahe ... yu^dahe of a boar ready to fight' Yt. 14.15. yunqm, see under yvan below. :
4
yc*nti, see under
yeyhada
vispe
y eight hatqm,
ytsnya-
J/V-.
(from _y-)
adv. (abl.
rel.
:
nmana
...
f.
adv.,
'all the
yeyhada
Gr.
houses
329, 731) 'where'. where' Ys. 57.34.
...
see Yt. 5.9 note.
(from yasna-, Yt. 5.1.
Gr.
852
:
expl.)
adj.
'worthy of worship'.
[Skt. yajAiya-]
Vd. 6.46,47, 51. ya-)\ conj. 'if. see under ya- t Gr. 399. y&n-: sb. m. (dcln. Gr. 314 N.
yezi (from
[Skt.
yadi ; Old P. yadiy]
y&vhqm, yvan-,
i)
young man'.
'youth,
Ys. 57.13.
raivaqt-
rao^lna-
68
yuvan- (Gr.
[Skt.
New
P. javftii]
raeva nom. sg. m. (Gr. radiant, splendid '. Skt. rivdnt-; Phi. 295) Yt. 14.12. rayomand] [Cf. ruc ~} ad J- 'shining*. Ys. 57.27 (of white steeds). (from '
Y
:
[l*li\.
sb. n. 'light,
(from "\fruc-}: ra0c&.ai-wLvar'na Vd. 6.51, [Cf.
raoda-
javSn;
(from rdi-): adj.
Cf. also Ava.rtM>i/na-.
raocah-
b); Phi. yu-v&n,
Skt. rods-;
Old
roSan;
P. raucah-
;
(from ~\f\rud^)\ sb. m. 'form, face'. [Skt. roha-; cf. Phi. rJi//
raoia-: sb. m. 'fox*. Vd. 6.50. ratu-: sb. m. (i) 'master, Ratu',
New
P.
rdfan]
day'. raocfc ace. See a*wi.var'na-.
New
Phi. roj ;
pi.
in loose cpcl.
New
P. roz]
Cf. huraoda-.
P. rui]
a spiritual chief or head presiding
over a class of things or beings, or over a division of time; (2) 'division of a day' (named from its presiding genius). Ys. 57.2
(bis).
[Phi.
rat,
ratil ;
New
P.
ra
rap a-: sb. m. 'wagon, chariot'. Cf. rafiaestS-, [Skt. rdtha-} 877, 881): rapae$ta-> ra}ag3tar- (from rafa- -f- |Aj/a-, Cr. 249, 330) 'warrior', a man belonging (dcln. Gr.
m.
sb.
to
the
class; see spravan-, vastrya f$uyant. ;
second
rapwya-
(from ratu-, Gr.
Vsp. 15.1 [Cf.
y>J-, rah-:
;
8526^1.): adj. 'well-ordered, proper'. rapwim paSina ace. sg. n. Yt. 5.2.
SkU
vb.
cl.
r/z'/>a-J
a 'grant, bestow '.- Cf. frUrawha-.
[Skt.
jArJ-]
rdi
vac-
gI
r&i-, ran- (from V>J-): sb> *' ( dcln- Gr 3 2 ?') 'radiance, splendor'. ahe raya bar'navhaca for his radiance and his glory instr. '
'
'
\fruc-:
[Skt. rue-; Phi. af-rofyian; "J/~i
[Skt. rat-; Phi. rat]
Yt. 5-9; Yt. 14.5. sg. (formulaic) Ys. 57-3; vb. cl. 10 'shine, be bright '.
rud-:
vb.
'grow*. r>&-; Phi. rostan;
[Skt.
Av. (from
yitw-):
P.
af-rdfytan]
*
P.
v.
m. 'lake'.
sb.
(from va'ri-}: sb. m.
lva*rya2va*rya-
New
4>
Skt. v&ri-; Phi.
[Cf.
New
Cf. huraoda-.
z
cl.
Cf.
wr-] channel'.
1.5.4.
desirable'. Esp. ahuna 35). vairya (see ahuna'-), l^a^ra vafrya (Gr. Introd. p. xxvi Ys. 57. 22, 24; Vd. 19.10. (Skt. vdrya-]
vat* by a
vagja-
(from 1/~2zw-):
'wished-for,
adj.
see under
i.e. tta&bya,
z>tf.
=
(from j/V//- 'dart, strike* Cf. hva.vaija-.
weapon).
vu8]>8, see below under vaidy&ca
vaonar*>
sb.
l/wy-):
'stroke'
m.
(of
[Skt. vtga-]
w
|/"i
*
vattfya- (from y"iwV/-): () instr.
Skt.
adj.
knowing
(Gr.
sg.
(2) sb. n.
'.
'knowledge'.
941) Ys. 57.23.
see under "\fvan-.
vajdana-
(ety.?,
cf.
v^-):
sb.
m. 'mouth, head*.
Yt. 14.13.
[Phi. vajtan]
vav/iu-, vohu- (from *vn-su from "\fvan-, Geldner) adj. 'good' (orig. something won, praiseworthy). vavhu? nom. sg. m. Ys. xi.8; voh&m srao&m ace. sg. m. Ys. 57.29 vavhSul a*wi.$oipne gen. sg. m. Vd. 3.24 note; vohu har*nd ace. sg. n, Yt. 14.2; vohu :
;
vdstrya aec.
vavuhlm pi.
f.
~\[vak- t see under
"\f
\~vac-, vak-: vb. pf.
f.
vohumqm gen. pi. n. Vd. 3.29. Ys. 57.3; Vd. 19.6,7; vattuhtJ fravafayo ace.
Vsp. 15.1
Old P. vahu-
;
7wr ~-
cl.
2 'say, sneak*.
indie, mid.
frava%gye*te
;
365), Yt. 5.9. Comparat. vauho ace. sg. n. (Gr. Phi. veh; New P. bah] (in nom. propr.)
Ys. 26.1.
[Skt. vdsu-;
vaoce
n.
pi.
ace. sg.
fut.
(pass.) 3
mid.
'pronounce
\-'fra
sg.
(pass.) 3
Gr.
(cf.
sg.
ofraofyta- pass, ptcpl. (cf. mazd&.fr*}.
(Gr.
(bis);
/r
672)
Vsp. 15.3;
[Skt. vac-]
vac-, vac- (from YVOC-): sb. masc. (Gr. 220 N. i, dcln. word, prayer'. vacqm gen.pl. Vsp. 15.3; vaca Vd. 19.8,9.
'.
606) Vsp. 15.3;
[Skt. vac-; Phi. vttj ;
New
285) 'speech, instr. sg.
P.
l>8j,
Yt. 5.9
b&z, avis]
vacah-
C^2
vacah-
'word
\fvac-}: sb. n.
(from
I
-
var-
vacastaXt!-, Jivacah-.
Cf.
v* designates sb. f. 'strophe', (from vacah- -f- ~\ftas-} both the single strophe and the characteristic strophe-type of a Gatha. Sec remark on introduction to Y.s. 35 (GeJdner's edi:
Cf. next word.
tion).
[Phi. van/as/]
fa cas taJtivayt-
#)
(from
adj.
:
a special strophe'.
'containing
Ys. 57.8 ace. sg. n. -
side-form
(a
of
~\fvaz-,
vmih-A 'bride', J/Va//-):
Skt.
cf.
(i) 'to lead', (2)
A
'marry', (3) 'cover, copulate' verb inferable from ladayatta, htaetvadapa- (? cf.
assumed ivajar-
(from
Geldaer, Drei Yasht
cf.
c^&ta),
from
ftf*/-
j/^i
q. v.):
rutting' (epithet of camel eager for the female).(written for vada*ryn$}
m. Yt. 14 II
sg.
'
Yt. 14.12;
rn.
sg.
uMr&vlw vafairyavj
;
e.
cf. \Vest,
Pahlavi Texts,
ex
pf. indie, act.
3
pi.
Vs.
subj. act, 2 sg.
;
26.4^.6;
va natd (ranaqt )
gen. sg. m. Ys. 57.33; vanu*ntitn pres. ptcpl. act.
:
[Skt.
(from Vvati-,
Vd. 19.9
YU. 19.8, vtionar*
f. Ys. 57.33; vanano pres. ptcpl. mid. nom. 507) Ys. 57.15; z az'n>a> pf. ptcpl. act. nora. sg. m.
Ys. 57.12.
xxiv.iOj.
2 sg.
ace. sg.
-
Dar-
wicked ruler favored
S.ti.F.. xviii.2J7,
for, conquer'.- vanaui vana [kj i Gr. 450) subj. act.
pres. ptcpl. act.
'jada*ryaos gen. Yt. 17. 13).
ixinghan]
IJ'hl.
614)
(Gr.
'male,
nstro vaila*ri$
burden-bearing
win, strive
(i.
adj.
p. 69.
'
'
m. nom. propr. 'Vadaghana',
sb.
by Ahriman --Yd. 196. ~\fvan-: vb. cl. x vauat
nom
also
(cf.
mesteter renders
v a da j ana-:
i>adi-eyaiiii-,
),
vaJa'ryu- (? 2 vadar-, ii, see uexl word
vb.
(of animals).
cf.
sg. in.
(Gr.
(d:
611)
van-; Phi. vJni/an] Whitney, Skt.
sb.
M57g):
(Jr.
f.
'victory'.
ace. pi. Ys. 57.33.
(from vat/afti-): adj. 'endowed with victory '.- Ys. 57.33. sb. m. 'spouse' fryai vaqtave (used of a wife, Eug. 'spouse* m. f.) dat. sg. Yd. 3.25.
toaytu- (from ^van^): cf.
]fva/-:
vb,
cl.
4 'pray, invoke'. vakma-.
nfyetni prex indie, act.
I
sg. Ys. 26.1.
Cf. also
vayti- (perhaps from
]/'z//-
c|.
v. ):
sb.
m. (dcln. Gr. ^ 256 N.) 'bird*.
vavativya abl. du. Ys. 57.28, ste note.
vayo> see under lY l var ~- vl> cl. -
dcck
'.
|Cf.
Skt. vi-]
zvi-.
5 (Gr. $ 567) 'cover, enclose, protect'. 4-
hqm 'defend'.
[Ski.
wr-; Old
4- a' w/ P. var-]
'be-
2 var
if 2 var-. vb.
9 (pdgin. Gr.
cl.
a
'profess
Old
[Skt. var-;
P. var-}
genus and species)
e.
New
varakd-; Phi. vartb;
[Skr.
var* tin--,
expl.) Ys. 57.24. (i,
j-/>
fraor'nta pret. indie, mid.
(w. instr.).
hu varazahe
'boar'.
sb. rn.
93
584) 'choose, wish, believe'.
religion' 586
3 pi. (G-r.
varaza-:
vakiSta-
Vt. 14.15.
P. gurSz]
see fi^n>iA>ar*na-.
var's-, var'sa-:
m. 'k&u'.haepaipyata varlsa
sb.
Instr.
Vd. 6.46.
sg.
[Phi. var s, gars; New P. (gurs)\ var*$yamna-t see under \fvarz
var'za-
(from jfiws-): Vbl. sb.
720,5)
var Si a-
'the doing'.
n.
(from J/*W2-) pass, prcpl. (T) adj. 'done'. Ys. 57.4. Cf. also duZvartta-, hvarha-.
(2) sb, n.
:
varf/ia-:
m.
sb.
"^z/tfrr-.- vb.
snake
'
'
\-
a*wi *cul
pres. indie, act. 2, 3 sg.
e*tl
pres. imperat. mid. (pass-.)
3 sg; varSta pass, ptcpl. ace, pi.
note;
mid. (pass.) ptcpl. ace. Cf. also kvttrjlta-.
vavanv,
see under
|/"ftf^-: vb.
pi. n.
vat
e
,
(
u^un.vsr'z-
i 1 1 '.
Vd. 3.25, 26, 28, V9r*zyatqm
485
(Gr<
expl.) Vsp. 15.1
var 9 vamr.a
Ys. 57.4;
n.
fut.
165, 185-6, 673) Ys. 57.4.
(Gr.
[Phi. varzffan;
New
P.
varzuian\
auusak-, vasah-.
Cf.
m. 'will, wish'.
sb.
y^j-): [Cf. Skt.
ti
yW-.
2 'will, wish'.
ci.
(from
'deed*.
Vs. n.6; see note.
(?)
4 'do, work*.
cl.
y*hi,
vasah-
var'zai dat. infin. (GV.
Vsp. 15.1.
rdsa-; Old P. vaXua-; Phi. tun;
vasd.fySapra- (from vasah-
-f
f^)
r
adj
:
[Skt.
z'^/-j
See next word.
New
ruling at will,
P. /ya?|
independent'.
Ys. 57-24.
j/W/-
(prob. orig. vb.
1/W2-:
vb.
i
cl.
i
cl.
hi the
r
>--nor.
to ~\[vac-, crystallized as
vuzy^ti
'.
subj. mid. 3 sg. sg.,
[Skt. vah- t
]f\vah
:
YZVO/I-: 1/3 vaht
vb. vb.
cl. cl.
its-, efc.
;
'
clothe
us- (Gr. [Skt. 2W.F-,
[Skt.
sg. \-
156,482): Vd. 19.7.
3
a 'drive
pi.
Cf. fia'rivaza.
New
P. va*Wati\
vas-}
'. Cf. wujyd.tMvha-, vastra-. fSkt. vas-} Cf. 698): vb. cl. -i, 6 'gleam, burn'. .<*//-,
/^j-,
uch-}
Gr.
fravasim vahislqm Ys. 57-24;
;
act.
Ys. 57.29.
vA&tan;
-dwell'.
i
2
Phi.
v a hit la- (superl. to vavhu-,
tf/a-)
root, Gr.
Ys. 37.27,- avazitftt vazyntnv, *mna pres. ptcpl. mid. nom.
indie,
pres.
Ys. 57.31
Yt. 14.2 seq.
pi.
new
'speak, say'.ava$at>j. pret indie, mid. 3 'carry, draw (trans.), drive' (intrans.).
wana
365):
ace. sg.
f.
adj.
'most excellent, best'.
Vs. 26.2
:
asjui
vuhisltm
zayn asti vatiifoni Vd. 19.9 note.
[Skt. vdstftfa-; Phi. vaAiti;
New
P. bahi$t\
(see
vahma
QA
vahma-
praj'er, invocation'. \fvaf-, Gr. page 273): sb. m. Chiefly in the formula, yasnaica vahmdica fy$naopraica frasasta'
(from
'
yaeca Ys. if
for
worship,
prayer,
vahma
adta
57-6,8
ah my a- (from
va:
vi (vi)
and
propitiation,
instr.
sg.
glorification
'.
Yt. 5.132.
'worthy to receive prayer'. Yt. 5.1. Ys. 57.31 va va 'either ., 3* 2 3 et passim; srira vd 'fair indeed' Yt. 5.7.
vahma-}-. adj.
conj. 'or'.
Emph.
particle 'indeed'.
or' -Yd. 11.1,5,- ^r d.
.
.
.
vd; Old P. va]
[Skt.
v airy a- (from v&ra-):
'relating to rain'.
adj.
water* gen. sg. f. (Gr. vajtibyo, see under vac-, Gr.
vHt a- (from ]/W- 'blow'):
sb.
980
fr.
vb.
vara-]'.
apo ya Vd. 6.50.
expl.)
va*ryay& 'rain
285.
m. 'wind'.
[Skt. vata-; Phi. vat;
]fvar- (denom.
.
cl.
New
Ys. 57.28, see note; Yt. 14.2.
P. bad}
'to rain'.
i
aiwi 'rain
1-
upon'.
[Phi. varitan; New P. bartdan] Cf. also va'rya-. varae*hya abl. du. Ys. 57.28 note.
Cf. atiaiwi.vSr'nti-.
vara-:
sb.
m.
'rain'.
[Cf.
var'ntl-, '
rain
New
Skt. var-; Phi. varan,-
or var'titi- (from
cf.
j/'e'ar-,
P. baran]
karnti- from y/^r-)
Cf.
.
sb.
f.
anaiivi.vartqti-.
var 3 prajni-
(from vjr*prajna- q. v., and cf. torious'. Ys. 57.21,22; Vsp. 15.3.
vastra-
:
'
sb. n.
(from favaA-):
'grass,
6>.
825 d):
adj.
Vd. 3.23.
pasture'.
'vic-
Cf. also
vastrya-. [Phi. vastar j Gr. vastra-, (iro\\\ 852 expl.): adj. 'relating to husbandry*. vastryasb. m. 'husbandman, farmer' (man of the peasant class; l
see apravan-, rapaestar-^.
man' Ys.
1
1.6;
vi
zvi-
,
1
see under vi below. (perh. from ~\fvi-}\ sb. pi.
vb.
\f\vid-:
act. act. act.
Vd. 6.45 cl.
2
'
pi.
act. '
(vi):
'.
Caus.
3 sg. (Gr.
Gr.
-f-
us
'
256 N.) 'bird'.z/a;^ [Skt. vi-; Phi.
nora.
vat]
ad dress \-vaepa (GAv.)
vifo&vhd 'knowing'
pf.
pf.
ptcpl.
349) Ys. 57.27; tttva^dayaf caus. pret. indie.
(Gr.
3sg. Vd. 19.5. cl.
(dcln.
621) Yt. 5.9;
3 sg. (Gr.
nom.
in.
Cf. also vuya-.
seq.
know
viiid-: vb.
V^vid-,
vi
lhe thrifty husband-
voku vastrya 'the good deeds of husbandry
[Phi. vastrydS]
Vsp. 15.1. I
vastryo f$uyqs
[Skt. vld-\
viq
7 (Gr.
S^S, 450) subj. act. 2 sg. Vd. 19.6. 1 [Skt, via -, vittd-; Phi. vanditan] adv., vbl. prefix 'apart, against'. r vl (\ lar-), Phi. vc, [Skt. vi; Old P.
SIP;
New
P. .$7/]
vt-
Yvi~:
vb.
r
6
cl.
go
after, drive,
Ys. 57.29.
vye'nti pres. indie, act. 3 pi.
pursue'.
[Skt. vt-]
vtlrumant- (from yftru-}: adj. vide a: sb. m. 'mortar, pottery'. bones are to be placed or in bags).
ttidaeva- (from
95
viXtSspa-
New
P. gac\
'against the
adj.
vidvaH3tva~
epithet of
Demons',
Ys. 5.1 (an&hitqm).
Zoroastrian divinities or sacred things.
vidi
the
e.
(i.
in stone ossuaries, or in terra-cotta vases,
:
)
Ys. 57.10.
bruising'.
vicicaefva k>c. pi. Yd. 6.51
gac ;
[Phi.
+ datva-
vl
*
"\fdl-.
(from vi 4- dvatftva-
'destroying malice*.
adj.
:
q. v.)
Vsp. 15.3see under
vtdSta-,
'Vidhatu'
m.
sb.
vidataof abl. sg. Ys. 57.25.
Death.
vidv&vho,
~\fdfi~.
+ 1/VJ-):
vittatu- (from vi
demon
(dissolution),
of
[Phi. vihQf\
see under ~\fvid-.
'come to, become'. cl. 6 ~\[vts-: vb. Ys. 57.22. [Skt. vis-.}
vtsata
indie,
pret.
mid.
3 sg.
sb. f. (dcln. Gr. 279) 'village, clan'. Designation of the second division in the constitution of the Iranian state
vis- (from YVIS-)\ -
;
vJsag abl. sg. Ys. 57.14; vtsake
see nmana, (vis), zaqtu-, dafyyM.
gen. sg. (a-dcln., Gr. (Skt. vis-,-
vis pa-
(cf.
Y
Old
vis ~}'
vts-,
vispo tHoidyo
283 N.) Yt.
pron. adj.
nom.
sg.
ace. pi. Ys. 57.29;
Yt. 5.5;
vispaPbyd
(daevanqm,
Neat,
dat.
ar$nqm) gen.
vispa
443)
(Gr.
Yt. 5.4; vispsm
nom.
vispe daeva (karano, a*rvanta)
vispJ
5.6.
P. vt}-; Phi. vis]
abl.
pi.
instr.
vispsii!
Masc.
ace. sg. Ys. 57.16;
Ys. 57.18, Yt. 5.4,132;
general
Ys. 57.12;
pi.
every'.
'all,
ahum
pi.
Ys. 57.17,
vispanqm
narqm
Ys. 26.8 etc., Ys. 57.32, Yt. 5.2.
pi.
dqmqn (nmdna)
ace. pi. Ys. 57.2,4,34.
Fern.
vispqm zqm ace. sg. Ys. 57.15; visps ace. pi. Ys. 26.10, Ys. 57.33, Yt, 5.2, Vd. 3.27; vtspabyd dat. pi. Ys. 26.6; vispanqm gen. pi. Yt. 5.2.
[Skt. visva-;
vispo.paesa- (from v
Old
P. visa-; Phi. visp] '
\-paesah-}'. adj.
all-adorning, manifold
paeslm mastitn 'universal knowledge' ace. sg. [Cf. Skt. visvdpesas- ; cf.
vlUaspa-
village'.
frava$ay&.
[Cf.
Skt. vityk-;
(cf.
patron
Old
vtspd.-
sb.
m. nom. propr.
*
of the Visya '.
'
visyffi
'.
Ys. 57.20.
Phi. harvisp-ptstt]
visya- (from vts-}: adj. 'belonging to the Visya (hierarch of the village). '
f.
adj. propr.
P. vipiya-}
aspa-): sb. m. 'Vishtaspa* (Gushtasp), the Iranian king,
of Zoroaster.
(Not to be
confounded with Vishtaspa
the
Darius.) --kaml*
of
father
;vv/. ./'/#
l
oi
Yishtasp' gen. sg. \t. 5.132.
(from
sb.
|/"is>r-): Ski.
[Cf.
vir'prajna
New
vi Hasp;
j"PM. -
P.
Old
cf.
^Hitotp;
n.
'defense',
(i>
P.
zvY'c/r/oj '
(a)
fiend
Yt. 14.3.
'.
TT//V*-]
(from t'.V/'vv-
-f-
1/"/^
'
sb. in. (i)
//'):
'
''Vs.
victory
57.3
etc.');
Verethraglma (genius of Victory, later ['arahrSn, Bahrain] -Ys. 57.3,33; Yt. 14.1 ,2 eq. See next word. *
(a)
317) 'victorious'. (from vtr'pra- -f- Yja't-} adj. (dcln. ^/-. --Ys. a6.io(abl. sg.), Vs. 57.2, 5,9 (ace.),, 3,4,22 (nom.)? V*p. 15 2
virprajan-
;
(clat.),
vj
r
van
'/>ra
-
Vd.
3 (nom.);
[Cf.
Cr.
(from vjr'fira-,
vjr'pravastinio nom.
vtr'zi- (from in
also vai^prajni-.
Cf.
19.5(110111.).
Skt. I'l-trahdn-}
855): adj. 'defensive'. m. ^6>. 365 N. 3^ Yt. 14.3.
xg.
Form
'working, effective'. See next word.
adj.
^/"c^re-):
compounds.
v*r j z /. do // r ^ -
(from wr'ziVs. 26 3, ste note.
+ lidipra-)
'
adj
:
Superl.
regularly used
of beneficent glance
'.
% '
c
Skt. vrasc-) z'vhrtta- (probably from J/ZVY//-- tear Yd. 6.50 ace. sg., cf. 6>. Q35
.
sb.
m. 'wolf.
K
^//r^j [Skt. vfku-; Phi. ^///^; New See next word. 38) adj. 'broad, wide '. (from \~\var-, 6V. [Cf. Skt. ?/r-, vdrtyqi- (compar.)j VO*/-M. k^sa- (cf.v0*ru-): sb. m. nom. propr. Vourukasha', a mythical
voru-
:
Yt. 5.3,4.
sea.
vohu-,
vohu-
below under
C'f.
zravnti-.
see under vvvhu-.
ffrom
HiHiiiih-
Amesha
Spentas,
P.alunan.
.
o
):
sb.
n.
'Good Thought'.
genius
guardian
lutrod. p. xxv
vohuman ; New
[Phi.
voijna-
^H-w
(prob. from |A'y-
P.
of
the
cattle;
One
of the
later
called
Ys. 57.24.'
33
bahman\
Skt.
//-
'dart, strike')-
sb.
f.
'plague'.
Vs. 57.14. -
(from '(/Vm-, 6V. -
vy a Ionian-
('prob.
sb. n.
from jAivrc-
'council,
-f
//")
---
assembly
example).
set:
792): sb.
(from vqfovS-
above under
.
Skt. .
f.
'herd'.
adj.
|
'herd-increasing'.
;
^_ytff-
- Vs. 57.12
Yt. 5-i-
'encompass, assemble*)' . (ace. of goal;
933
saeta
97
Av. rsl*
sagta, see below under \
saoka-
(from ~]fsu-
q. v.)
s
a ok avail t- (from superl.
saojyatit-
saoka-)'.
nom.
sg.
act. (fut. ptcpl.
instr.
saving health'
welfare,
'weal,
n.
saoka
religious sense).
indie.
pret.
sb.
:
'abounding in weal'.
adj.
m. Yt. 14.3. from "\fsu- q.
(in
Yt. 14 3.
sg.
sb.
v.):
saokavasttnio
m. 'Saoshyant, Saviour'.
Designation of the prophets or apostles of the faith, espein a goodly company at cially those holy men who will appear the millenium and will make the world prepared for the final (l)
(2) In particular,
restoration.
saojyaiitqm
gen.
pi.
the Saoshyant.
their leader,
Y,s.a6.6;
saoyaiita
Ys. 26.10; sao/yqs nom. sg. Vd. 19.5.
(tf-dcln.)
abl.
~\fsavh-, sah-: vb. 'speak, say, announce' (of formal speaking). Old P. /<M-] \$\.\., sef.t- ; frasasti-, na*ryo.savha-. savha- (from ^savh-) sb. m. 'word'. nafr'im snvhzm nom. propr. :
Ys. 57.3.
"J/
Old
fSkt. *ud-;
q. v.
act.
P.
pad-;
cf.
New
Vd. 6.48.
n.
New
Phi. sat;
3 P.
sg.
F. sad\
591)
(Gr.
pc-send (Horn)]
saa-,
m. 'hoof.
saf&oho nom.
[Skt. saftha-; Phi.
Skt.
pi.
sumb ;
sarah-: sb. m. 'head .See j?ra-. sar'da-; sb. m. 'kind, sort'. Cf. [Cf.
;
-
see under sb.
[Skt. totta-
10 'appear'.- suiiaj pret. indie,
9,
Yt. 14.7,9.
sanaf, safa-:
duye sane ace. du.
374) 'hundred'.
Cf. also cap-Mar'. sata-. cl.
Cf.
[Skt. sqsa-]
sat a-: num. (6V. "\fsad-: vb.
sg.
[Phi. sao$yds\
P.
sum, sumb\ Phi. J^A/
[Skt. s'/ras-;
New
P. sar]
pcrujar>d'a-.
Old
sdrdhas-;
Ys. 57.27.
NTe\v
P.
parda- ;
Phi. sarZtak;
New
P.
sardah, tartak]
y$ah-,
see urieler
s&far-.i
sb.
|^tonl-.
m. 'tormentor, oppressor'. Designation of a class of saprqm gen. pi. Yt. 14.4. beings, men or demons. [Phl.Vers. has sdstaran
s&ra-
'head
sb. m. (cf. sara-):
;
Nar. has anyaytlnain}
-See jird.sara-, p9$o.sara-. [Phi. sar-var 'helmet'; -New P. .c5/-] * commanded '. Cf. zavano.sasta-. adj. pic pi. from ~\fsa ft-) '.-
1
sdsta-
(pass,
:
[Skt. tesfa-]
sastar-
^from
\fsah-Y. sb. m. 'ruler',
sasfa
nom.
^g.
Yt. 14.13.
[Skt. sastdr-; Phi. ^7j/J;-j
sasna-
evil
(from sah-y. sb. [Cf.
f.
'commandment,
Skt. s3sana-]
doctrine'.
Cf.
(from sasna-
sasnd.gus
ments'. YS
star 9 (a.galu-
sasna.gits
98
"\fgMif)
:
adj.
sasnd.gte$qiH gen. pi.
J/ja//-):
(cf.
vb.
a
cl.
(i) 'direct,
Cf. sasta-, sastar-, sasna-.
sis pat a, see under
yjf-:
vb.
cl.
J/~2
teach';
[Skt.
'command,
(2)
Ms-,
rule*.
A'/-]
jr/ff-.
down,
'lie
i
2,
hearkening unto the commandm. Ys. 26.4.
'
-j-
Vd. 3.24; sayamnJ
recline*.
(cl. i)
j^/tf
pret.
pres. ptcpl. mid.
indie,
nom.
sg.
mid.
3 sg.
m. Vd. 3.25.
[Skt. sz-]
"\fsuc-: vb.
Cf. siika-.
'burn, gleam'.
i
cl.
[Skt. sue-; Phi. sultan;
surunvayi"\fsu-:
vb.
New
821
(from "\fsru-, Gr. s u runvata tradition'.
P. sufytan]
'heard, following oral m. Ys. 57.3; Yt. 5.9; Yt. 14.5. 4 'swell, increase, prosper, save' (esp. of good beings
cl.
or holy things).
instr.
expl.)'! adj.
sg.
Cf. saoka-, syviSta-,
[Skt. sii-; Phi.
afzUtan;
New
P.
etc.
afztidan]
suka-
(from J/"W-): adj. 'bright, gleaming'; Cf. duraS.suka-.
suno,
see under span-.
stir a- (from "\fsathet
:
q. v.)
'mighty, valiant, helpful'
adj.
(to save).
Epi-
Ys. 26.1,10; Ys. 57.11.; Yt. 5.1,4,7,9
divinities.
good
ot"
m. 'glance, sight'.
sb.
(Anahita); sure voc. sg.
f. Yt. 5.9,132. nomen propr.] Old P. sura-; fftra-vdhara[Skt.
siviUta- (from
~\fsu- q. v.)
stair is (from
"\fstar-}: sb.
n.
stui-,
(from
cf.
New
sta0ye'ii-.~Cf. asp(>.st, bazu.st
cl.
adj.
s/Mviyas-] g 'stretch, spread, extend'.
'stouter,
--V fro
star'nuta pret. indie, mid. 3 sg. (Gr. sljr'ta- pass, ptcpl. (see [Skt. star-; Phi.
star- (from \rstar-}\
\fstar-]
star* t a. gat K- (from
:
star,
Ys. 57.2.
'
Cf. star'ta.gatu-, sta'riX-.
New
P.
st&rak;
New
1'.
gustardan]
+ g*)\ 'a
adj.
man
styr*-
sitarah]
pass, ptcpl. adj. 'spread, stretch
sayamno
Fern.
ex tend '. fra.591 expl.) Ys. 57.6; fra-
vastartati, vistartan;
st
star'ta.gatuS
Vd. 3.25.
v.)
'.
haca avaf&yo m. (dcln. Gr. 329) 'star'. pi. 'from yonder stars' Yt. 5.132.
[Skt. star-; Phi.
iia
s.
thicker
sb.
byo dat. abl.
star '(a- (from
Cf.
.
[Skt.
"\fstar-: vb.
help and
P. bi-star]
compar.
stvi-):
(to
[Skt.
'bedding, carpet'.
Skt. stard-;
[Cf.
staoyah-
'most mighty'
superl. adj.
:
swislahe Vsp. 15.2 (Mazda).
save).
'.Cf.
star'ta.-
'having a divan spread'. lying
upon a spread divan'
slS
"\fsta-: vb.
hiStahe pres. indie, mid. 2 sg. Vd. 3.29; hiStaltc
3 'stand*.
cl.
AQ
spit-
pres. indie, mid. 3 sg. Yt. 14.13.
Old
[Skt. sthS-i
"\j~stu-:
Cf. pa*tiift&na- t
P. sta-}
cl. 2, i (Gr. 529) 'praise, laud*. -\-apa 'reno.uncel staomi pres. indie, act. I sg. Ys. 26.1; staz-af pres. (scdry.) 529.3) Yt. 5.8; apa.stavSne pres. subj. mid. subj. act. 3 sg. (Gr.
vb.
I
Vd. 19.7; apa.stavavuha
sg.
[Skt. stu-; Phi. stutan,
"\fsta- (a side-form of \fsta~):
stut-, stvi- (from
J/>/#-)
:
New
;
P. situdan\
'stand, stand firm, be stout'.
vb.
slvi.kaofa-, staoyah-*
2 sg. Vd. 19.6.
pres. imperat. mid.
stayttan
Cf.
[Skt. sthu-]
'firm, stout'.
adj.
Gf. stvi.kaofa-, staoyah-.
[Cf. Skt. sthurd-, stdviyas-]
stuna-
(from ~\fstu-
sb.
q. v.):
'column,
f.
st9r 9p"want- (from ^star-, Gr. -
Cf. hazavro.stuna-.
pillar'.
New
[Skt. sthtiyti-; Phi. stun;
P. sulun\
821): adj. 'leveling, striking down'. sg. n. Ys. 57.10.
instr.
stjr*pwata snai]>i$a
(from star- -\-p]: adj. 'star-adorned'.
stihrpagsa-
Ys. 57.21.
[Phi. star-pestt]
stvi.kaofa-(hom snaipil- (from
stui-
+
snapa-
i
cl.
(from
'smite, pierce
down' Ys.
spastita- (from
57.32.
span-
f,
jwa/ (Horn)]
New
:
sb
-
m
-
(
c^ cln -
stinu
cl.
[Skt. sphar-, sphur-
y**as-:
vb.
cl.
^''
nom.
[Skt.
jaM-]
'for smiting
Yt. 14.13.
q. v.,
Gr.
158):
'.
3
J
4 N. I b) 'dog'. spaium Vd. 6.45,46,47.
(ace.) pi.
svdu-; Phi. sak, sag; New P. sag] 6 'go, tread, stamp, spring'. Cf. frasparana-.
[Skt.
"\fspar-: vb.
~)
Vd. 6.50;
ace. sg.
-r
sg.
P. sipctt]
observation, watchfulness
Ysa
(from
Ys. 57.10,
an J-formation from \fspas-
~\ffpa^s-, '
sb.
Yt. 14.12.
weapon'.
Cf. sna^a-, sna^piS-.
'.
[Skt. svetita-; Phi. spet ;
spafySti- (from
(of camel).
786): adj. 'white'.
6"r.
j/"j/z/-,
359)
m. 'smiting*. snapdl dat. [Phi. ,r0>W, j
sb.
"J/".wtf/-):
'
6V.
[Phi, .
16,22,29,31.
"\fsnap~: vb.
'stout-humped'
): adj.
sb. n. (dcln.
"|/"jw
;
Phi. spurtan (Bund.);
4 'watch, observe'.
New
P. sipardan\
Cf. po^ru.spaJ^ti-.
[Skt. spas-, pas-]
"\fispa-: vb.
'
throw
'.
-
+
(
a*/>i
toss'.
a*pi.spaye*ti
pres, indie.
Yt,i 4 .i3.
3 sg.
"]f2spa-: vb.
4
cl.
cl.
3 'deck, adorn'.
'
\-fra
decorate
'.
/r<7 ... sispata
pret. indie, mid. Yt. 5.7.
"\fspit-: vb.
cl.
i
[Skt.
'be bright, shining, white'. j'w'/-]
Cf. spaetita-, spiti-.
IOO
spi la
spltawa-, spit&ma-
\
(cf.
ma
srava't-
r
Gr.
cf.
spii-,
'descendcnt of Spitama'. Esp. Ys. 26.5
Vs. 57-8; Yi. 5.1
,-
Vt. 14.1
;
849):
patrouvm.,
m.
sb.
Spitama Zarathushtra. ;
Vd. 3.23; Vd. 6.45; Vd. 19.7.
[Phi. tp:t
spiti- (from
clear,
bright
Cf. spiiSma-, spiti.-
'.
[Cf. Skt. svity-dr-\
spiti.doifrra- (from
']/su-
'
af&uv.ik
Yt. 14.17
'clear-eyed'.
adj.
n
(of
[Phi. sf>St-dosr\ q. v.|:
\\ord
cardinal
+ d)\
spiti-
young man). spfiita- (from
'white,
adj.
"\fspit-):
doipra-
A
'wholesome, beneficent, holy'.
adj.
the
in
A vesta-, and
increasing, bounteous
'
[cf.
= reverend,
rendered for
in
Phi. Vers.
by '
'
meaning Eng.
august Nar. generally has
from Lat. aug-eo 'to increase'). a compd. or superl. mahat-, guru-. Ys. 26.1,3,10 (Fravashis)
;
Ys. 26.3, Ys. 57.2,6,8, 12,23, Vd. 19.9 (AmeshaSpentas); Ys. 57.24 (Spenta Armaiti) Ys. 57.17, Vd. 19.9 (Holy Spirit of Ormazd) ;
;
Ys. 57.27 (horses of Sraosha). [Cf.
spanista-
New
Skt. svantd-; Phi. *spami ;
Gr.
(superl. to sp^ila-,
365):
Epithet of Ahura Mazda.
ficent'.
adj.
P.
-isfund, ixfemt]
'holiest,
Yt. 14.1
most bene-
(voc. sg.).
[Phi. spa exist]
smarSna-
(?
cf.
(from smar$no
(superl. to
Ys. 26.2.
srao$a-
noun
dafm an-}:
'having" hairy eyes'.
sri-
c|.
v.):
'fairest,
adj.
most
excellent'.
[Skt. srestha-\
(from |/^>v/-): as divinity,
m. 'hearing, obedience*.
sb.
Sraosha
[Phi. sroS;
New
1
the
15.1 (personified devotion).
P. $ero$\
sr a e$d. ca ran a- (from sravja* causing obedience '). \vith
Esp. personified Ys. 57.2,3,4,
(see IntroJ. to Ys. 57.1).
13,14,25,26,32,33; Vsp.
nection
-f-
brows of Bactrian camel).
Yt. 14.12 (shaggy
sraesla-
See next word.
'beard'): sb. m. 'hair'.
Skt. smdsrti-
smar$n6.daet/m-
-f
A
uspa/te
sb. f. 'whip, rod' (lit. whip or scourge used in cona&ra (q. vj for inflicting stripe* in
far ana-
q. v.)
:
sort of
religious llagellation or .self-castigation.
Vd. 6.48
(instr.
sr aogo.pa ta - (from sr -\- \ffa- q. v.j: adj. 'protected by under Sraosha's keeping '.---Ys. 57.34 (ace. pi.). s
rusk a-
ifs r u s c
sravah-
(from
~\[~srasc-
q. v.):
sb.
m. 'drop, hail'.
sg.).
Sraosha,
See next word.
[Ph!. sriSk; New P. siriSk 'drop'] : vb. 'fall in drops, or as hail'.- xrasci>i(i2 k a r*pift pn.s. ptcpl. nom. pi. fern, 'victuals trickling from the mouth' Vd. 3.29.
(from
\/sru-')\
sb.
also iiy-uLs)\wah-.
n.
'word'.
'Skt.
-
sr&vas-
srarJi ,
ace. pi.
Ys. 57.4.
Phi. srav (Horn);
Cf.
vb.
~\fsri-i
i
cl.
(i) 'lean, rest'; (z\
nom.
ptcpl. mid.
sri-:
sb.
'beauty, fairness'.
f.
srira- (from
sri-}:
Yt. 14.
]fsru-: vb.
adj.
frasr&vayat s.
(see
sra-:
sb.
n.
Caus. 'recite'.
--KA'fl
pret. indie, act. 3 Sg. Ys. 57.8,
[Skt. Jru-
/.).
'horn'.
Cf. srt&-, srvacna-.
[Phi.
Yt. 5.7 (bis);
'chant'.-
(cans.)
Yd. 19.10;
New
Phi. srutan;
;
sri-\
j>/-j
[.Skt.
beautiful '.--Ys. 57.19;
[Skt. srlrd-}
5 'hear'.
cl.
srayand pres.
507) Yd. 3.29. -[SUl.
Of. srtra-, sracSta-.
'fair,
2, 7, 9, 17.
'betake oneself.
m. (Gr.
sg.
frastrtila
P. srftdan\
jrw^,-
New
P.
suru]
see under snrd-.
sruye,
sriifffna- (from sru-, Gr. 829): adj. 'made of harn'.<-~srzadna nom. pi. m. Ys. 57.27 (hoofs of horn). [Phi. srfdin]
srv a-
sb.
sru-}:
(cf.
'horn'.
f.
sruye ace. du. Yt. 14.7.
ranyd.srva-.- [Phi. J^^, sruv /
^
Av.
/ad/a-
n
:sb.
(fr. J/",ft:-):
New
Cf. also
za-
P.
/.
Cf. jfaetd.fradana-.
'land, property, possession'.
(from $a?ta- -{-ft'"}: adj. 'increasing property, furthering the land'. Yt. 5.1.
faStd.frHdanagS-:
ad),
j/"/
rt -
'happy, joyful'./* nom.
vb.
I/"//'-;
:
cl.
vb.
f.
sg.
2 'dwell, occupy, possess'. 158 N. i] [Skt. kst-, Gr.
cl.
'
i
ptcpJ.
(<[.
move,
stir
'.
Old
start, pret.
$u->
'.
---\- fra
act.
indie,
'interrupt
'.
attapi.$uta- pass.
Cf. also /ragusaf, gyaopna-.
New P. Sudan] 697): inchoat. vb.
6V.
inchoat.,
stir
afpi
Cf. ahoLgditan-, $acta-.
P. siyu~;
r
\
f-
Ysp. 15.2.
v.)
[Skt. cyit-;
|/"/y.f- (from
--
250) Yd. 3.24.
(Gr.
cl.
6 (Gr.
'come forth, proceed'. Yt. 5.7.
3 sg.
Av. ro
/
(from ~\/ fu-, Gr. 162): sb. n. 'deed, action'. Vsp. 15 i, Yt. 5.9; Yt. 14.5. [Skt. cyaufnd'}
jyao^na-
Av. / ssfl'ri-: adj.
'yellow, golden*. [Skr. hdri'
(from
z
[Cf. Phi.
;
Cf.
adj.
zanngoS]
Ys. 57.4
;
.-.
za*ri.gao$a-,
Phi. zar, sarin
+):
697)
fra$usat
;
New
*doi]>ra~.
P.
'golden-eared'.
zar-] Yt. 14.9 (of a horse).
102
w'ri.doifra
zaya-
adj. 'golden-eyed' (epithet of Haoma, (from c -f d} because of -its yellow flowers). Ys. 57.19. Ys. 57.16. (from \fzi-]: sb. n. 'vigilance, watchfulness'. :
zaenahizaotar-
[PhLVers. has zSnavandih] (from ]fizu-): sb. m. 'invoker, priest'. Title of the Zoroastrian priest, later Zot.-aoi zaotar*m ace. sg. 'to the officiating priest' Yt. 5.132. [Ski. ho tar- ; Phi. zot]
2zaotar-: uncertain, drover '(?).
zaotartn ace.
n.l.
sg. Ys.
Perhaps 'keeper,
Nar. has gfhttSram 'keeper, retainer'; Phl.Vers.
transcribes as zot (possibly z&t,
cf.
West
&
Haug, Arda Viraf
Glossary p. 150). The reference in zao&ram is at all events to a man of the third class, since bajfarym and hSgdrsm refer
and
respectively to the warrior
zaopra-
priestly classes.
(from '\fizn-']: sb. f. 'offering, oblation, libation' (esp. conYs. 57.3 Yt. 5.8, 9 Yt. 14.5. secrated water). ;
[Skt. hotrd-; Phi. zohr ;
zao]>ro.bara-
(
;
New
P. zor\ '
from
zaopra-
-f-
~\fbar- )
:
libations
offering
adj.
'.
Yt. 5.132.
YI zan-:
'beget, bear'; (2) 'be born' (tntrans. and mid.). zana'te pres. subj, mid. 3 sg. (on 5, cf. 1 N. Ys. 1.6; zay&nte (cl. 4) pres. subj. mid. 3 pi. 478 2)
vb.
-
4
cl. i,
Gr.
Ys. xi. 6; azata-,
~\[zzan~: vb.
(i)
'be born'.
-j- its
-\-
act.
Vd. 6.45
3
'
pi.
a.v a
\-paiti
r
;
pafti.zaitfd
Cf. also
P. zddan\ r e
ecogniz e,
per ceive '.-^ava.zanqn
come',
'
New
Jan-; Phi. zatan;
[Skt.
'know'.
i
cl.
3 sg. Vd. 19.5.
pres. subj. mid,
us.zay&ite
zaiitii-.
ceive, wel-
pres.
pass, ptcpl. (adj.)
(scdry.) subj.
nom.
sg.
m,
Cf. also aza*nti- t huza^tu-.
Ys. 57.14,34.
Phi. danistan
New
P. danistau] the third (Lat. gens} of the Iranian state, constitution four-fold in the division largest za^taot abl. sg. viz. (i) nmana-, (2) vis-, (3) zantu-, (4) dahyu-. [Skt. Jan-, jtta-; cf.
zan.tn- (from \fizan-}:
sb.
m.
'tribe,
;
town'
'from that town' Ys. 57.14; zaitt3u3 gen.
Yt. 5.6.
sg.
[Skt, jantu-; Phi. zand}
zaqtuma-
to (from za^tu-}: adj. 'belonging Ys. 26.1.
or
presiding over the
tribe'.
zam-,z'm-: zqm sg.
zaya-
sb.
f.
(dcln. Gr.
318) 'earth'.
z& nom.
sg.
Vd. 3.24, 26,28;
Vd. 3.23,25,26,28 z'mci paHi instr. Yt. 5.3; zme p&ti dat. sg. Vcl. 6.51; z*mo gen. sg. Ys. 11.7. Phi. zamik ; New P. zatm] [Skt. jam-, jm-; ace. sg. Ys. 57.23,33,
r
(from \
zi-}\
zayuDma-.
sb.
m.
n.
;
'weapon, missile '.Vd. 19.8,9.
[Phi. zai]
Cf. also
zazvGwha
zayana
zaya.na- (from J/V-, cf.Av.zya/n-, to
[Cf.
z ay 5
tun a-
zzaya 'hiems'):
zitn-,
'winter
m.
sb.
winter';
Yt. 5.5 (see
'.
adj.
Gr.
'relating
932
expl.).
Skt. hayana-]
noun zaya-
to
(superl. corresp.
q. v.)
:
'best-armed'.
adj.
Yt. 14.1.
"\fzar-: vb. 'grow old, waste away*. [Skt. i jar-; cf. Phi. z&r ;
zarapuJtra-
(cf.
P.
nom. propr.
uStra-}: sb. m.
s5r (Horn)]
'
Zarathushtra, Zoroaster', The founder of the Avestan religion and pro-
Gk. ZtopodaTpvjg.
Ys. xi.8; Ys. 26.5; Ys. 57.8; Yt. 5.1,7,9;
phet of ancient Iran. Yt. 14.1;
Cf. zrvan-*
New
Vd. 3.23; Yd. 6.45; Vd. 19.5 seq.
[Phi. zartuJt, zaratuhatt ; '
xarapuStri-
(from 2): adj. from Zoroaster'.
zarafiuZtri sra-vab ace. pi. n.
zarapuStrayo voc>
New
P. zardust etc.]
Zarathushtrian, belonging to or descended zarapu$troi$ gen. sg. m. 'son of Z.' Ys. 26.5;
'words of
Z.'
252) Ys. 57.4;
(Gr.
m. 'ye followers of
pi.
Z.'
Vsp. 15.1.
[Phi. zartuSt&n}
zarapuStrdttma-
(superl. to zarafiuStra-):
chief high-priest,
the
Dastur
the Zarathushtrotema'.
i
sb.
m.
Dasturan
Ys. 26.1
'
Zarathushtrotema ', adj.
;
'belonging to
(frava$ayo).
[Phi. zarat&3tuni\ sb. m. 'gold'. za*ri-}: adj. 'golden'; m. Ys. 57.27 (horses' hoofs shod with gold).
zaranya-
(cf.
New
[Skt. hiranya- ; Phi. zarin ;
zaranyd.aiwiflana-
(from
z
-f a*widana-'}
zaranyo.srva- (from z + swa-} zar a zda i ti (from zard- -J- ][da-}
zaritt]
adj.
'with golden bridle,
' :
:
adj. sb.
f.
golden-horned
'.
'laying to heart,
Yt. 14.7.
[Skt.
hfd-; Phi. dil; '
'.
<
zavana-
New
when sb.
Gr.
829): adj.
,
'made of stone';
sb.
m.
invocat or
'.
Cf. zavandjasta-,
hdvana-}
(from z -{- sasta-): adj. invoked'. Ys. 5.9.
m. 'hand*. see under
'commanded
at
call,
at
call
zastaya loc. sg. Ys. 57.31; zasty ace. pi. Vsp. 15.1. Old P. dasta- ; Phi. dast ; New P. dast]
[Skt. hdsta-;
zazv&vha
P. dil (cf. Horn)]
'.
[Skt.
zavanu. s&sta-
sg.).
Cf. zarstvaina-.
Vd. 6.46, see note. (from ~\[\zu-}\ sb. m. 'call, stone
de-
heart's
votion, propagation (of the Gospel)'. Vsp. 15.2 (dat. See preceding word. sb. n. (cf. Ys. 31.12) 'heart'.
zarXfva-: sb. m. stone zarjtvagna- (from zarZtva-,
zasta-:
P.
iustr. sg.
Yt. 14.9.
or caparison',
zard-:
:
zaranya
zd-.
ZS
1Q4 |/~jz
vb.
ZVrt-
zazv&vUa
3 'get, obtain, win'.
el.
act.
ptcpl.
pf.
noni.
pi.
'victorious' Yt. 5.132.
zdla- (from \r l
zan-, pass, ptcpl.)
azatft-.
Cf.
see under |Ai //;/-. m. 'knee'. -Cf. afySnu-.
zdna'tf,
zanu-:
'born'.
adj.
:
r/l
[Skt. jatd-f Phi.
sb.
sau-): sb.
|/'i
[Skt. jamt-\ rz
sfivar- (from \
A
zavi/i, see under
|^
'
n.
zav&t'
.:<>/,
New
;
'birth'. -Cf. huzamil-,
f.
f>b.
zu-)\
'hi.
[I
Phi. zdnuk, jantik
janu-;
[Skt.
zd-ni- (from
fleetness.
New
;
vigor
P.
2<7/?;7]
and hu:aini-
Yt. 5.87.
Ys. 11.2; Ys. 57.26.
'.
P. 3<>r]
s^/-.
I
Cf. zaenah-, zwy
y~s/'-: vb.
sf.- particle
poslpos. 'for. indeed, verily'. [Skt.
zufa;
word.
uncertain
Yt. 14.12;
Vd. 3.24.
/'-i
Yt. 5.7,
also frazufrni Yt. 5.126,
cf.
baro.zufrm
19.43, possibly also ///<*, ZPhL.Gl. p. 30. 2. Perhaps a special garment or adornment, possibly 'bracelet' serving also as armV
t.
See representation of Ardvi and Dieup. 94
protector in the case of an archer.
Sura
in
Geschuhte dcs alien Persiens
Justi's
lafoy's Persian archers
r \ iztl-: vb.
from Susa
in
the
;
Louvre.
(2) 'cry out, chide, curse' (euphea iqti pres. indie, act. 3 sg., pi. Ys. 11.1, 2,3 za-vi$i aor. indie, mid. pass, i sg. (6V. 664) Yd. 19.6 (Phi. Ver.s. also has thy ancestors worshipped me, do thou also wori
cl.
invoke';
(i) 'call, ziwa'ti,
mistic).
;
'
ship
me
'
).
/iff-,
[Skt.
~\f2zfi-- vb.
i
cl.
See
r ~\
hva- ;
zbd- below. cf.
Phi. azbayiSti 'invocation, prayer' (Horn)]
'speed, hasten, drive'.
[Skt. yz?-/
cf.
Phi. ziit;
New
P.
Cf. lavar-. ztid 'cpjick'J
z'tntl, z-'/jte etc., see under zain-.
zq/>a- (from \f
\
zqm,
sb.
zan-)\
wombs
m. 'birth'.
Yt.
5.2 'Ardvi Sura purifies the
for child-bearing'.
see under zant-.
\fzl>3-: vb.
cl.
4
See
'.call,
J/"i
[Skt.
]fzya-,
\b.
'/-.'
zin5.(,
invoke'.
zri-
zbaycmi pres. indie,
act.
i
sg.
Ys. 26.1.
above.
lift-; Phi. azbayiSn 'invocation, prayer' (Morn)] 9 (Or. $ 588) 'take away, deprive forcibly'.-
hvd-, cl.
pres. (scdry.) subj. act.
[Skt. jyd-, ji- (jinaltj;
New
P.
ii
Old
3 sg.
Ys. 11.5 (\\ith
two
P. at-; cf. Phi. zinftar
ace.).
(ZPhl.GI.);
zrayiih
s
ray ah-
r
(from
\
sb.
zri-^\
Vouru kasha. loc.
sg.
(Gr.
[Cf.
Skt.
IO5
expanse of ocean'.
'sea,
Ksp. the
uoi zruyS ace. sg. 'to the sea'
Yt. 5.3;
Sea
zrayai
3*1, 357 N. 2) Yt. 5.4.
]ray as-; Old
P.
tfraya/t-
Phi. darySk
;
New
;
P.
(Horn)j
Cf. zraya/i-. [Skt. _/>/] 'go, stretch, expand'. sb. n. 'time'. Esp. with akarana- (q. v.) (from |/ l jsar- q. v.) Boundless Time, Eternity'. In later Zoroastrianism Ormazd and
"\fzri-: vb.
zrvan-
n.
----- Jitiotttattnvha-
cl.
i
r
:
'
Ahriman are conceived 992 N. 2
(Gr.
^ iff gar- (side-form
+/ra
I
'
Ys. 57- iS; 2.
haipya-
sg.
Cf. hakyr'l,
C7r.
q. v.,
Old
[Skt. satya-;
ha"rva-
'flow,
run, stream'.
pit:s. indie, act.
I.at. sttnel}
hazawa-
ace. 6g. advl. (Gr.
i
cl.
3 sg. Yt. 5.4.
409) *this".---^J uom. sg. m. See also '-. [Skt. sa-. s3-, ta-]
6>.
Gk. &-7tXcGg,
cf.
(from hant-
vb.
Yt. 5.5.
f.
P. sari/Sit]
.
fralgaraiti
pron. (dcln.
nom,
///f
ha* (from ham, Aw, one'.
ill)
of \ rjiar~ q. v.):
flow forth*.
ha-, ha-, ta-: dem.
New
[Phi. zar-vnn;
Av.
Vd. 19.9
sprung from Zarvan.
as
of
cxpl.)
inscp. prefix 'together,
3 [Skt. sa ]
*
% 812): adj. 'real, true. very'. 934) 'essentially' Vs. ii.l.
katyim
P. hasiya-\
Cf. karvaldt-. (from [/^r-, Gr. 819): adj. 'whole, entire'. New P. Atfr] [Skt. sdrva-; Old P. harttva-,- 1'hl. /m^ har-vlsp;
ka*rv4t&t-
(from ha"rv4-
f
Gr.
842): sb.
f.
'wholeness, perfection,
ha*rvat&s Haurvatat (Salvation). Cf. 6V. Introd. p. xxvi tf nom. sg. (r/V. See amyrHat- above. 281) Ys. 57. 24. .
[Skt. sarvdiat-; Phi. tyrdat;
haSna-
(from |/A/-):
sb.
f.
New
P.
prefer/]
'band, host, horde' (always in bad sense,
ravaging army). hainSbyd dau abl. pi. (Gr. [Skt. sin*-; Old P */*-/ Phi. M/|
hacva-, haoya-:
adj.
'left,
left
N. 2 expl.) Ys. 11.4.
haom-i-
(from -Ys.
"J^f
>6-)
i r. i, 3,
:
sb.
4, 7,
m.
do man av ha- (from minded".
htt
'.
-\-
expi.) Ys. 57.25.
ace. sg. u. (Gr.
-hoy&m
63
[Skt. savyd-;'Ph\. hot} '
haoma-plant, juice,
8; Ys. 57-195
[Skt. sonta-; Phi.
h
side
247
/ww/ New
manah-,
Yt. 5,8 (dat. sg
cf.
m.).
Vd
-
Haoma'
(divinity).
I 9-9-
P. /5Jw]
6V.
60 N.
c):
adj.
[Skt. sazemanasd-]
'well-
j
haomayo
0(3
Jtaomayo,
see below, under adjective haomi-.
'
f byo zaopra >yo dat. abl.
soma vant- ;
[Skt.
(from haoma-,
'
oblations
haomava^ti-
'.
Yt. 5.8.
'provided with haoma'.
adj.
adv.
:
[Skt. sakft
//"
(from
'gracious knowledge, reverence*.
sb. n.
Ys. 57.23.
sg.
ha -f j/"ar-)
hator't-jan-.
hakzr* .jan-
haoma
Phi. hdmdrnand~\
cf.
q. v.):
instr.
haozqfiwa 2
pi.
also Ys. 7.3):
cf.
haoy&, see under hava-. haozapwa- (from huzaqfu(from
f.
Yt. 5.9, see note.
haomayo
hak)rt
haoma
(from haoma-}'. adj. 'consisting of
haomavatit-
haomi-
hapta
+ ~]fjan-y.
[Phi. h&zanditi]
'once'.
375, 730)
(.
Cf.
]
adj. 'killing at
one stroke'.
Yt. 14.15
(epithet of a boar).
havuhar 9 na|/"//
ac
- :
sb. n. 'jaw-bone' (cf. paHis-kar^na-, (from ]/"i bar-} ^iaw'^.hatrtt/iar'ne ace. du. Ys. 11.4,5. vb. cl. i accompany, attend, follow '. ---\- upa 'attend '. :
'
upavhacayeni caus. pres. subj. act. I sg. 'attach myself to' Yt. 5.8; hacimno pres. ptcpl. pass. nom. sg. m. attended by evil reports
'
'
Ys. 11.1,3.
haca-
[Skt.
sac-]
(i) prep.
(from Y/iac-}:
'with, together with, from';
instr. abl.
vv.
With
haca.mana-.
cf.
(2) prefix,
abl. Ys. 26.10; Ys.
57.12,14;
Yt. 5.3.7,9,132; Yt. 14.5; Vd. 19.6. [Skt. saca;
hac a.mana-
(from haca
Old
New
P. haca; Phi. aj ;
-\- "J/~
man-}
'
adj.
:
P. a&, z-\
attentive in thought
See next word.
hapra: hapra.nivaiti- (from hapra-^-^van-^): adv. 'together, complete'.
sb.
Yt. 5.8.
'.
[Skt. satra\
'complete conquest'.
f.
Ys. 57.26.
~\[had-:
vb. cL
x,
3
Old
[Skt. sad-;
hada-:
(i) adv.
'always';
[Skt. sahd,
h a
11
ja
m analoc.
(from sg.
[Cf.
ttant-,
Skt.
creature'. haipya-.
(6V.
-\-
to'.
754.3) Ys. 57.30.
/;/'-
Cf. also
had-; Phi. ni-Sastan; New P. ni-$astan} 'with'. Ys. 57.17.
P.
(2) prep. w. abl. instr.
sdda; Old
P.
~\[gam-, jam-}
hada] :
sb. n.
'
meeting
'.
hatijamane
Ys. ix. 2 (the race-course, or battle).
hat- (from
hapta: num.
cf.
ham
'descend
seat oneself. ----\- ni
'sit,
Savhasti pres. indie, act. 3 sg. (Gr.
sqgamd-; "\fiah-,
Phi.
pres.
hatqm gen.
pi.
hanjaman
;
adj.
ptcpl.):
m. (Gr,
New
P.
'being,
anjuman] living
18 N. 3) Yt. 5.9.
[Skt. sdnt-, sat-]
366) 'seven'.
vars' Yt. 5.5.
karSvqn yais hapta 'the seven
[Skt. saptd; Phi.
haft;
New
P. haft}
being, Cf. also
hava-
haptawhSiti
+ haHi-
hapta.vha.iti- (from hapta
hapta. ya^ti- (from
ap t o.
+ yaffil-}
//
Gr.
(see
Introd. p. xviii
[Phi. haft-hat}
m.
sb.
:
comprising seven chap-
'
'
seven stalks
(of barsom).
m
(from h-\-k}\ adj. 'consisting of seven Karshvars
or zones'.
haptd.kargvairfm ace. sg. fem.
Ys. 57.23.
together '
f.
vbl.
adv.,
summer
ham;
P.
samd-; Old
[Skt.
*
^/)
-\-
:
adj.
'with,
ham} '
year, season
hamay&
...
New
P.
'
]
gen. sg.
hamah]
844, 942): adv. 'continually'.
hama-
(from
P.
[Cf. Skt. sdtnS-
hama-; Phi. hamak;
P.
(from hama-, Gr.
hamo./i^apra-
expl.)
haqjamana-.
ham; New
Phi.
Cf. hqmln-.
'.
(from hani): adj. 'same, entire'. hamahe m. f. Ys. 57.31. Cf. also, harno.faapra-.
hamapa-
855
750, 753 N. 2)
prefix (Gr.
Cf. hama-, hani3r9pa- t hqm.tasti>
'.
sdm; Old
[Skt.
sb.
:
(Gr.
haft-kelvaro}
[Phi.
kqm, kay:
\harn,
hamhama-
adj.
Q7
Ys. 57.6 (ace. pi.), see note. k a r $v a *r I , see under next word.
hapto.kargvan-
2
:
Ys. 57.22; Vsp. 15.2.
13).
h
'
q. v.)
m. 'Yasna Haptanhaiti'
sb.
tens';
j
Yt. 5.5.
monarch '.
all-powerful,
Yt. 14.13.
ham)rpaar -:
vb.
*
8
cl.
-{-
guard
ni 3ha"rvaiti Cf.
haraiti-
(cf.
J/W-)
sb.
m. 'adversary, foe*.
Ys. 57.26.
\-ni
'.
hard.-}:
'keep guard over, preserve'.
(Gr. 754.2) Ys. 57.16. har 3 tar-, hartyra-, hiHara-. nom. propr. 'Haraiti', name of a mountain,
pres. indie, act. 3 sg.
also ha u rva-,
Haraiti
:
Skt. sdmrti- 'conflict']
[Cf. ~\fh
ham
(from
sb.
f.
Mount Alborz.
Bareza,
haraipyd gen.
sg.
(Gr.
259)
Ys. 57.19,21.
hara-:
f. nomen propr. 'Hara', Mount Alborz in Mazanderan, south of Caspian Sea. Cf. haraHl-. har'tar- (from }[har-}\ sb. m. 'guardian, keeper'. har'ta nom. sg.
sb.
Ys. 57.15.
harpra-
(from ~\[har-}
:
sb. n.
'guarding'.
har3prai
dat. sg.
(infin.)
Yt. 5.6.
"\fharz-: vb. (
cl.
haoma
6
'send forth,
juice
).
ptcpl. act. gen. pi.
hava-
\-fra
let
go'.
\-pairi
'emit seed',
m. 'of males that are
'strain, filter*
frawhar'ziiitqm pres, in rut' Yt. 14.12; zao-
Pr&byo pairiavharttibyo pass, ptcpl.
dat. abl. pi.
Yt. 5.8.
New
[Skt. sarj-
;
Phi. hiStan
;
f.
(Gr.
754.3)
P. hiilan]
(side-form of hva-, h>a- q. v.) poss. adj. pron. (Gr, 440 N. i) 'own', Lat. suus. haoyQ gen. sg. f. (Gr. 440 N. I, 62.2) Ys. 11.1; havapbya pada^bya instr. du, Vd. 6.46. [Skt sva-} :
1
08
haiatira
liazauri-: num.
sb.
next word.
kazaurd.s tfina-
n.
htika'rya-
[Skt. scihdsra-; Phi. haziir
sMfru-sfAapa-;
//
<~i
Phi. bazar stun;
pcrh..
Skt.
.tf//-
q
tn
New
cf.
Cf.
P.
haidr
suttin,
777): ^b.
Mew
P.
//<7j
'female '.Yt. 5.2
f.
(ace.
see under hail!-.
,
ha van a- (from \fi
hueva-, haoya-}:
see npte.
[Cf.
left
adj.
Skt. suvya,
(in
'.
Gr.
P. h&van] hav^ya 6otvo Vd. 3.25,26, 60 N. d]
-
.
"\fAt-: vb. 'bind, span'.--Cf. hita-, hac,,d-, ha fin-.
m.
sb.
z6 5
T 933 N
Ys. 57-29, see note.
Old
fSkt. simlhu-; -
[Skt. si-\
m. 'team, span of horses'. Vs. 57.26 (dat. pi.). nomen propr. 'river, Indus'. ///^
(ficnn I'V//'-):
-:
which (he haoina
New
savana-; Phi. hdvan;
jCf. Skt.
htivdya- (from
in. 'mortar, havana' Vd. 19.9 (instr. sg.).
AU-): sb.
>\as pounded).-
kit a-
h,izar\
haptaahaiti-.
(jAra//-); ;= Phi. hat ;
////- (prob. from I/"///*/-, G>. and gen. pi.). f
P.
for Fersepolis]
ha, see under ha-, la-, haiti-: sb f. 'section, chapter, Ha'. *
New
:
name
[Cf.
See also
Yt. 5.4.
'.
,
fi -f stuna-} adj. 'with a thousand columns'. 'a house of a thousand columns'.
(from
Vs. 57-21 [Skt.
thousand
'
374)
(6V.
htnHukan; New I. A/W] 'keeping guard over'. Ys. 57. 17
P. hi(n)tiu-; Phi.
(from \l'har- redupl,):
adj.
(with acr.).
hista'ne, see under yV<7~. hizu-, /'tizva-: sb. m. (6V. V.>s.
ii..j,5;
///>i/
220 N.
[Skt. jihva- ; Phi.
prelix *well,
1
Old
rac
P.
//,
uv ;
Phi.
Ys. 11.3
(see
note
zai'-an\
also
htt\
generate, produce*. sb.
Yt. 5.3.
n.
on Phl.Vers.).
-
\-
a^wi 'ex-
me when
Cf.
also
ex-
fiaoma-,
[Skt. .vw-/ Phi. hiinitan\
(probably crig. conn, with }fi
huka'rya-:
P.
Similarly
Cf. hukfr'ta-, hutastu-, httmata- etc.
5 'press out' (esp. extract haoina juicr). t'. *>iwi$hut?tn (q. v.) dtiravehi 'wilholdest
Jiuurura-.*
2 /in-
ioc.
cl.
tracted'
\
ad
Yt. 5.9; Yt. 14.5.
New
zaran;
see note
Yt. 5.6,
'
I.e.
good'.
[Skt. su;
"\l~\hu-: vb.
1
oflongui
Darniejjteter.
kltn, hlS, sec under
AM":
skill
gen. abl.
///// ///svo
'tongue'.
t/zvan, huzviin,
hi zv&r'na: uncertain word.
now
i)
dav/tavhe 'with
nomen
////-):
[Skt. SH-,
vl>. cl.
propr. 'Hukairya',
[Phi. /tukar,
htigar\
9 (GV.
^
583, 591)
jv?-|
name
of a
mountain. ---
huktr'ta
hukir'ta-
-- 2 ha-
+ kyrta- q. v.):
(from hu
9,
see
Mart]
[Skt, suklta- ; Phi.
note.
well-made'.- Vd. 19.8,
'
adj.
=
Skt. "\fkalp-}: adj. 'well-Formed, of per(from ~\fkarpfect shape'. fravajttn hukjr3pt)tnqm superl. ace. sg. f. Ys. 26.2.
hukr*pta-
rSkt. stiklpta-}
h ufyfap ra- (from hu -f- $*>) Vd. 19.9 (nom.
huli$naopra-
:
having goodly power, rightly ruling '.
adj.
Amesha
m.,
pi.
(from hu -f 2 fygnaopra-}
htf!$naopre h>ipani$l&ne 'upon his firm knees and
(from hu
-
hudah-
(from hu
(Amesha
adj.
good knee
'
882, i). (Gr. Gr. 879)
(dvandva cpd.,
sure
See hu-
feet' Yt. 14.13.
Yt. 14.7,9.
well-shapen *.
q. v.):
adj.
beneficent, benevolent'.
hud&vho nom.
sg. Ys. 26.4, see note;
Spentas).
pi.
m. Vd. 19.9
Skt. sudas-; Phi. hudak]
[Cf.
+ pa*ti$tdna-):
(from /w
hupaitittana-
:
'
Phi. hutalt}
;
*
dSh-
-\-
d&vho gen.
*
///-)
-j-
[Skt. stitaf{a-
ace. du. his
[Skt. suhsatra-}
Spenias).
sb. n.
:
sb. n.
'sure foot'
882,1).
(ffr.
Yt. 14.13, sec httJ^nuopra- above.
hu pat a-
(from hu-
1//^-
-f-
sb.
huraorfa-
'
n.
good thought
'well-kept, protected'.
adj.
hupatvt9m& superl. nom. pi. hum at a- (from hu -\- mata-, pass, ptcpl.
j/"/rf//- q. v.)
'.
Y.s.
(Strength); Vd. 3.24 (maiden). ////
offered*. parative
huHhafah-,
huyaSla yurna
nom.
an
sg.
(from ~\[h>ap- q.
+
v.,
(sc.
asli,
huzaqtuadj. \/~2 c-) p wa -. [Cf. Phi. hilsamilh] huzamit- (from hu 4- z&ini- q. v., cf. //
ti
ft
it-
(in
gen. sg.
q. v.)
:
'in the
Cf. also
huyaStara- com-
Gr.
as often
\v.
348, and Gr.
95,
Ys. 57/17
'who
'.
pf.
ptcpl.).
'well-minded, wise'. Skt. hdri-,
Cf. haozq-
harit-): adj.
'having
(dissyllabic) kyhrpa
varazahe
f.
Yt. 5.2 (ucc. pi.).
'.
hff frag/nit.dijiti-}.
(from \f2 hu-
pf. ptcpl.
soundly sleeping
'
:
easy childbirth
Yt. 14.7,9
166): adj. 'well-
Gr.
m. Yt. 5.9;
instr. sg.
'
(from hu
;
[Phi. Aarost]
Yt. 5.9.
f.
has not slept since
beautiful'.
57.3 (Nairyo-Sanha)
pass, ptcpl. ~\fyaz-,
-\-yastu-,
correction), pf. ptcpl. adj.
1
'well-thought';
:
Ys. 57.2,5,9,25,26 (Sraosha);
2
adj.
:
Cf.
frayd.humata-. [Cf. Skt. sumati-; Phi. humat, hantat] adj. 'fair of form, (from hu -f raoda- q. v.)
kuyailta- (from
faaflrtif
Yt. 14.12.
f.
see under hvar-. sb.
m. 'swine'.
hu
shape of a wild boar'
(lit.
'boar-pig') Yt. 14.15.
vanna-.
.f*Z~
(in
sukar
New
P. lpik (Horn)]
HO
hutya
<(a
//// -f-
(from
hl$: pron. encl. 3d pers. (Gr. him (ardvim stirqtn) ace. s^.
,
gen.
'his
sg.
Yt. 14.13;
skull'
he
ttpa
Vd. 3.25; ka he ...
dat.
'well-spoken';
adj.
=
for
them'
'deposit
Jiil
vupe karano)
(i.e.
[Skt.
(I'rakrit)
hdyum, sec under haeva-, hqm, see under ham.
sS,
(from 2 ham-, Gr. sb. m. 'summer'.
hq
r 3P
and winter' (Gr.
'his
bestows
'
glance
upon her'
Gr.
proleptic,
1019 N.)
one make a raised place or Gr.
azdb'is,
(sc.
ht
1019)
1.6.50; 1019) Vd. 6.JI
Gr.
;
m. Vt. 5.4.
ace. pi.
sim encl.]
316, ^35): a-lj. 'relating to summer'; hq/ninstnca zayait^inca ace. sg. 'both summer expl.) Yt. 5.5.
932
(from ~\l~bar-, Gr. harvest'. Vd. 3.27 (ace. -
Phi.
etc.'
hnoya-.
hqmin
[Cf.
'let
f.
azdb'is,
(i.e.
them'
nidapitu
'he
f.
it
kaniyrtfom dat.
duraesukam
he sg.
ace. sg.
Vd. 19.7; uzdilntm hs ktr'naot repository
seq.) 'he, lie
^
Gr.
nidarzaym (perh. daenqm (dat.
Yt. 5.1;
1020 N.) Vd. 6.47; aetada hi ... 1019 N.) Vd. 6.46;
astl cipa (Gr. cf.
wa
:
1016
395, f.
5.57.10;
baraiti
iiha.stavane
in. l>9
q. v.)
\fvac-
Cf. frayo.hufyta-.
Skt. sukld-; 1'hl. hft^t}
fCf.
he, hi in
ptcpl.
pass,
ttfya-,
'good word'.
n.
sb.
fi-aj-
[Skt.
792]: sb. f. sg.), see nofe.
ham-in-}
'collection,
burden,
AamtaralniS]
(from ham -f- ^\fvar-, Gr. 788) sb. f. defense, courage '. a Cf. hqm.var*tivatil-. Esp. na*re hqm.var ti$ 'Manly Courage'.
h q m. v a r *
1 1'-
'
:
(from hqm.var'ti-}: adj. 'endowed with vato gen. sg. m. Ys. 57.33 (Sraosha).
hqm.var* t iv u)it age'.
hva-, ha-
hava-}
(cf.
Lat. s u u
pipya-.
hal
:
poss. pron. adj. (Gr.
See hava- above.
s.
[Skt. svd-i
Old
P.
440 N.
svay-am; Old
itva-\
Cf.
P. avffi*]
hracpaijtya- (from h'aS- + pa*pya-} adj. 'own, personal'. var'sa by his own hair Vd. 6. 46. [Cf. Skt. svapatyd-; cf. OKI P. uv&ipaSiya-] hva c ah* (from hu + vacah-, Gr. 68 b) adj. 'whose word :
:
hvac& nom. [Skt.
aj -
,
ha qj -
:
kaepaipyaca
'
'
~\fh>
'own, self,
Cf. ka.stairi3-,
(from hva-, foa-}: prefix in cpds. 'self, own'. [Cf. Skt.
i)
manly cour-
is
gracious'.
m. (Gr. 339) Ys. 57.20. suvacas-, Gr, 17]
vb.
cl. i
pairifhrafitern
sg.
'
encompass, embrace '.
ayavhahe pass, ptcpl. ace.
round with iron' Ys. 11.7, see note.
(-
pa*ri
'surround'.
'
sg.
though encompassed
[Skt. svaj-, svaftj-\
kvarSta-
brad
~\[kad-,
bad-:
vb.
i
cl.
'make
(trans.)
desirable, sweeten'; (intrans.)
See under
'be liked, desired, relished'.
nomen
n.
sb.
Jvasta-.
svad-; Phi. foastan 'wish';
[Skt. svad-,
kanirapa-:
\\\
New
P.
hvastan\
Hvaniratha ', name of the
*
propr.
men
Karshvare, the zone on which
central
Ys. 57.31.
live.
[Phi. hvaniras\
yh>ap-:
vb. 'sleep, slumber'.
svap-
[Skt.
"\/~h>abda- (from
;
^kap-, Gr.
'drop asleep', ~\fl
bar-:
vb.
See hushafah-
cl. I
kar-.
692): vb.
consume'.
'eat, drink,
vb. j/"i
h,
ar- (from
'consume,
~\fkar-}
(also
Prob. originally the same as '
akar'ta-
?
Gr.
(from ^"3 bar-
q. v.)
New
[Phi. far; cf. h>ar ypa- (from ]/"i bar-}:
sb.
P.
n.
).
forah}
nom.
h>ar }pffi
'food'.
f.
232) 'food, victuals' Vd. 3.29.
Cf.
pi.
n.
f.
(Gr.
also h>ar*po.ba*rya-.
Phi. fyvarisn}
[Cf.
bar'pd.bair ya-
(from
(gen. pi.
hvar'.dar' syathe
'
New P. far} Ys. 57.10.
m. 'wound'.
sb.
:
unconsumed
333) 'sun'. hit (dissyllabic) as v. Ys. 57.10,16. Cf. also hvar'.-
gen. sg. in hft fr&smo.do.Hi- q. dar'sya-. [Skt. svar-; Phi. kvar, fyur ;
bar a-
\>ava
asleep'.
Cf. kar>pa-t ka$ar-, ktr'ft.-
wound'.
sb. n. (dcln.
:
'fall,
pres. ptcpl. mid.
P. fyurdan] root inferable from hvar-, kar'nah-.
A
injure,
See kara-,
kar-*
next word.
cf.
P. fyiftan, fyusptdan]
New
fyurtan;
t
"\fzhfar-: vb. 'shine, be bright'.
~\[$kar-:
10
I,
an-avavhabdamna-
cf.
[Phi. fyvartan
cl.
pf. ptcpl.,
New
Phi. tyuaftan, Jiuftan;
+ ba^rya^]
h>
(from hvar-
sun,
:
'fruit-bearing'.
adj.
Vd. 3.23
f.).
exposed
Gr.
"\fdars-,
-f-
the
to
'
716):
sunlight'.-
sya
adj.
beheld by
ace. pi. n. (Ag
=
azd&tt) Vd. 6.51.
h>ar*navuhaiitsuper!,
(from har'nah-}: adj. sg. m. Yt. 14.3.
'glorious'.
hartnavuhasttmo
nom.
sb. n. 'glory'. Esp. kavaem foar'nd 'the (from j/~2 ha r-) Kingly Glory ', a divine light or halo supposed to be possessed 3 by kings. bar no ace. sg. Yt. 14.2 hrar'navha instr. sg. (Gr.
hrar'nah-
:
;
941) Ys. 57-3; Yt. 5.9; Yt. 14.2,5. [Phi. fourth;
bar*nti-
New
P.
fair rah, farra/i]
'food' (esp. food other than grain). karntl$ ace. pi. 'all kinds of fruits' (pi.) Vd. 3.27;
(from y"i bar-}:
sb.
f.
Vd. 3.29.
hvarlfta- (from deed'.
////
4- varsta-
q. v.)
:
Ys. 57.4; Vsp. 15.1.
[Phi. havarSt]
adj.
'well-done'; sb. n. ray 5. hvarst a-.
Cf. also
f
'good
hvasta*
112
hvasla-
ha$ar-
(from hu \-asia-, pass, ptcpl. ["2
arrow-shot' gen.
hvaspa-
4
Yt. 10.21).
hu
-\-
Old
fSkt. svasva-;
vb.
y/eah-:
yc*ti pri-s.
la.ar*ziX
a
good horse
indie,
//?v/-
(from
ace. sg.
'
'a
(sc. /A/-)
good
-j-
act. /'")
:
(dat.
sg.
m.)
'
\-paili
//w-dt.r/"j
crush'.
/*"/; /vavha*
Vs. 57. 10.
3 sg.
,6ar'si3 nidatyita 'own cushion'. !iis own cushion (Gr. 897)
n.
sl>.
Yi. 5.4
'.
uvaspa- ; Phi.
P.
to 'press together'.
cl.
m.
afuhimanay& (probably
'well-horsed'.
adj.
a*pa--};
man mounted on
for a
sb.
//-):
hvastayto
Ys. 57.28
clu.)
(from
(ef.
'
deposit (the dead) upon
Vd. 6.51.
hvar
-Ys. 57.21, adj. 'self-shining'. t'Jifna- (Irom /iz/a- -f raojfpia-} Phl.Vers. has min hcnafimun rdsuno 'shining of itself :
[Cf.
hva.v
<;
fj a
-
Skt. sv&socis-} '
(from kva-
-|-
vatya-
q. v.)
:
adj.
striking of itself
'.
Ys. 57.3
1
(with snaifof).
btl.sta'ris (from Awi-
+ stofri$
}
:
sb. n.
'own
bed, carpet'.
Vd. 6.51,
see note.
h-asta- (from \
r
1inni- t
had-
q. v.):
pass, ptcpl. adj. -liked, desired, soli-
Uncertain. cited '(?). yd titqm basiqin ndi bafjjdhe Ys. ix.i. Phl.Vers. explains a.- 'giving the cow lo good people as a treasure' (Ipi&jtuk) ; Nar. has laksmya. Prob. therefor*?, 'who doest
not present
me
for [Cf.
me when
thyself. Slvt.
It
si alia
desired (i. e. to worthy men), but fattenest can hardly mean 'cooked'.
-\ '
ka$ar-
i
for sb.
kar'tar-
from |
m. 'drinker'.
A'frr-,
Gr.
164,
h>5$3rtHi ace. sg.
of the priestly class
who keeps
the
and
compensatory a): is to one
Ys. 11.3, allusion
haoma from being drunk.
n
,
7
