© 2000 ASM International. All Rights Reserved. ASM Ready Reference: Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Data Book (#06333G)
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ASM Ready Reference
Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Prepared under the direction of the ASM International Materials Properties Database Committee Charles Moosbrugger, Technical Editor Fran Cverna, Manager, Center for Materials Data
ASM International® Materials Park, Ohio 44073-0002 www.asminternational.org
© 2000 ASM International. All Rights Reserved. ASM Ready Reference: Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Data Book (#06333G)
www.asminternational.org
Copyright 2000 by ASM International® All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the written permission of the copyright owner.
First printing, December 2000
Great care is taken in the compilation and production of this book, but it should be made clear that NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE GIVEN IN CONNECTION WITH THIS PUBLICATION. Although this information is believed to be accurate by ASM, ASM cannot guarantee that favorable results will be obtained from the use of this publication alone. This publication is intended for use by persons having technical skill, at their sole discretion and risk. Since the conditions of product or material use are outside of ASM’s control, ASM assumes no liability or obligation in connection with any use of this information. No claim of any kind, whether as to products or information in this publication, and whether or not based on negligence, shall be greater in amount than the purchase price of this product or publication in respect of which damages are claimed. THE REMEDY HEREBY PROVIDED SHALL BE THE EXCLUSIVE AND SOLE REMEDY OF BUYER, AND IN NO EVENT SHALL EITHER PARTY BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WHETHER OR NOT CAUSED BY OR RESULTING FROM THE NEGLIGENCE OF SUCH PARTY. As with any material, evaluation of the material under end-use conditions prior to specification is essential. Therefore, specific testing under actual conditions is recommended. Nothing contained in this book shall be construed as a grant of any right of manufacture, sale, use, or reproduction, in connection with any method, process, apparatus, product, composition, or system, whether or not covered by letters patent, copyright, or trademark, and nothing contained in this book shall be construed as a defense against any alleged infringement of letters patent, copyright, or trademark, or as a defense against liability for such infringement. Comments, criticisms, and suggestions are invited, and should be forwarded to ASM International.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data ASM ready reference electrical and magnetic properties of metals / prepared under the direction of the ASM International Materials Properties Database Committee; ASM International staff, Charles Moosbrugger, technical editor; Fran Cverna, manager, Center for Material Data. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Metals—Electric properties. 2. Metals—Magnetic properties. I. Title: Electrical and magnetic properties of metals. II. ASM International. Materials Properties Database Committee. TA459.A79 2000 620.1’697—dc21 00-046881
ISBN: 0-87170-690-3 SAN: 204-7586
ASM International® Materials Park, OH 44073-0002 www.asminternational.org
Printed in the United States of America
© 2000 ASM International. All Rights Reserved. ASM Ready Reference: Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Data Book (#06333G)
Contributors and Reviewers J. Gilbert Kaufman Kaufman Associates, Ltd.
Paul J. Sikorsky The Trane Company
Stephen R. Crosby Stanley Tools
Howard W. Sizek Special Metals Corporation
ASM International Materials Properties Database Committee, 2000–2001 Bruce E. Boardman, Chair Deere & Company
Barry Hindin Battelle Memorial Institute
Paul J. Sikorsky, Vice Chair The Trane Company
Gorden Lippa North Star Casteel
J. Gilbert Kaufman, Past Chair Kaufman Associates, Ltd.
Guiri L. Nash Electromotive Division General Motors Corporation
Samir K. Banerji Caterpillar, Inc.
Charles A. Parker Honeywell Aircraft Landing Systems
David L. Bourell University of Texas at Austin
Howard W. Sizek Special Metals Corporation
Steven A. Bradley UOP
Jason M. Smith University of Kentucky
Bryan R. Cope American Spring Wire Corporation
John E. Smugeresky Sandia National Laboratories
Stephen R. Crosby Stanley Tools
Gary A. Volk Illinois Central College
Earl (Bob) Eaton GM Powertrain General Motors Corporation
Jack H. Westbrook Brookline Technologie
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© 2000 ASM International. All Rights Reserved. ASM Ready Reference: Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Data Book (#06333G)
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Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Table 6.2 Table 6.3 Table 6.4
Materials Groups in Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Part 1
Electrical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Part 2
Chapter 1 Introduction to Electrical Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Chapter 2 High Conductivity Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Table 2.3a Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Aluminum Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Table 2.3b Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Copper Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Table 2.4 Weight Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Table 2.5 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of High Conductivity Material Families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Table 2.6 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of High Conductivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Table 2.7 Relative Resistivity at Extreme Temperatures of High Conductivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Chapter 3 Higher Resistivity Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Table 3.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Table 3.4 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of Higher Resistivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Chapter 4 Solders and Fusible Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Table 4.1 Volume Conductivity of Solders and Fusible Links . 147 Table 4.2 Volume Resistivity of Solders and Fusible Links. . . 150 Table 4.3 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of Solders and Fusible Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Chapter 5 Contact Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Table 5.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Contact Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Table 5.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Contact Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Table 5.3 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of Contact Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Chapter 6 Superconductivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Table 6.1 Volume Resistivity at Low and Superconducting Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Critical Temperature for Superconductors . . . . . . . . 186 Critical Fields of Superconductors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Critical Current Density for Superconductors . . . . . 190
Magnetic Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Chapter 7 Introduction to Magnetic Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Chapter 8 Magnetically Soft Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 Table 8.1 Relative Permeability (µr) of Magnetically Soft Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Table 8.2 Coercive Force (Hc) of Magnetically Soft Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Table 8.3 Peak Induction (Bm, Bmax) Magnetically Soft Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Table 8.4 Residual Induction (Br) Magnetically Soft Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Table 8.5 Curie Temperature (Tc) of Magnetically Soft Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Table 8.6 Core Loss (Pc) of Magnetically Soft Materials Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Table 8.7 Hysteresis Loss (Wh) of Magnetically Soft Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Chapter 9 Magnetically Hard Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Table 9.1 Coercive Force (Hc) of Magnetically Hard Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Table 9.2 Peak Induction (Bm, Bmax) of Magnetically Hard Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Table 9.3 Residual Induction (Br) of Magnetically Hard Materials Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 Table 9.4 Curie Temperature (Tc) of Magnetically Hard Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Table 9.5 Energy Product (BdHd) of Magnetically Hard Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 Chapter 10 Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Materials . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Table 10.1 Relative Permeability (µr) of Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 Table 10.2 Susceptibility (κ) of Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Table 10.3 Mass Susceptibility (χ) of Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Part 3
Appendix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Table A.1 Material Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 Table A.2 Abbreviations Used in Qualifiers and Notes . . . . . . 280 Table A.3 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 Table A.4 Sizes of round wire in the American Gauge (AWG) system and the properties of solid annealed copper wire (ASTM B 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
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Preface because there is no documented quality control process in place. It is, therefore, not listed on each record. If the value was derived from the information given in the source, such as conductivity is derived from resistivity, or if units were converted, a “d” follows the value. Unit conversions that are merely a change in the value by a power of 10 are not labeled as derived. Values without the “d” are those most directly attributable to the source. A value can be established by definition or by specification. There is still latitude as to how strictly the standard controls the material. It may be a mandatory or nonmandatory requirement, or one that is at the mutual consent of the buyer and seller.
This book is designed to serve the needs of the engineering and technical communities for high-quality and comprehensive information regarding specific electrical and magnetic properties of metals. In 1997, the ASM International Materials Properties Database Committee sponsored and reviewed the ASM Ready Reference: Properties & Units for Engineering Alloys. The Committee recognized the need for consistency and equivalency when integrating materials properties data from multiple sources into printed or electronic reference publications. This second book in the Ready Reference series applies the principles of the first book to selected electrical and magnetic properties of metals. The materials are sorted by a common materials hierarchy, and their property values are given in a consistent system of International Standard (SI) and customary units. The quality of the data and source of the data also are listed to enable the user to assess the data. The book chapters are broad categories of materials application: conductors, higher-resistance materials, permanent magnet materials, and so on. Materials properties significant to a specific application are listed in each chapter. Each chapter begins with a brief explanation of the related properties, derivation, and conversion of the units used within, along with a discussion of other units that the reader may encounter. We trust this will be of benefit to the reader already familiar with the basics of electricity and magnetism. We do not attempt to present a textbook on electricity and magnetism in these brief introductions but seek to clarify possibly confusing terminology. The chapters naturally lend themselves to a division according to materials groups as well. Materials commonly used for the application are found in the appropriate chapter. The data tables in each chapter have the materials sorted by the material hierarchy. The complete hierarchy for materials found in this book is given in Table A.1 of the Appendix. The Materials Groups in Tables, which follows, lists the materials groups found in each chapter. As with the classification systems for materials in general use, the hierarchy is predominantly based on composition, but there are subdivisions that are application based.
• The parameter for which the value is valid is listed: Some properties •
Limitations on the Use and Interpretation of Data This book is intended to provide the materials engineer, scientist, or other specialist with a comparative listing of materials and their magnetic and electrical properties, to aid in the materials selection process. Just as most of the sources listed bear the caveat “not for design,” the compilation of this data requires the same warning. Great effort has been expended to ensure that the source material has been faithfully duplicated, but ASM International has no formal program whereby the validity of the data can be ensured. The source references allow further investigation by the reader. It is the reader’s responsibility to take the prudent engineering and quality assurance steps necessary to ensure that any material selected meets the design requirements.
Significant Figures
Data Format
Individual sources have listed values to varied significant figures in the same data sets. The significant figures in values with trailing zeros (50,000), cannot be determined without more information. ASTM standards list sufficient decimal places to improve the accuracy of conversion and reconversion of the data. They stress that this does not imply the need to test the material to an accuracy beyond what the specification or the referenced test specification demands. For this reason, although the value has been listed to the same number of significant figures as the original when no derivation was required, no comparison should be made as to the precision of the values based on the significant figures shown. Values shown as “derived” have at least as many significant figures as the original source. Because the conversion calculations were done in mass, significant figures were added to some values to ensure that all had sufficient significant figures to preserve the original accuracy.
Data entries include the following:
• Material name: Trade name, generic alloy, element, or description as assigned by a standards organization
• Temper: As stated • UNS number: If assigned • Property values in the preferred (SI) and alternate (customary) units:
•
have multiple parameters, such as magnetic properties having both field strength and frequency. Notes: May include product forms, sizes, or processing information for which the value applies. Common uses of the alloy may be listed.
The units used are those designated in ASM Ready Reference: Properties & Units for Engineering Alloys. SI is the International System of Units (modernized metric system). The customary units are either English (lb, in.) units, or cgs-emu (gauss, oersted), depending which is the most prevalent alternative to the International Standard. Qualifier for the value: This is the qualifier as stated in the source of the data, such as typical, nominal, or maximum. The most often used abbreviations are listed on the bottom of the page. The complete list is given in Table A.2 in the Appendix.
Availability of Materials Because it is often useful to have a source of data for historical materials, obsolete materials and materials listed by former trade names are included in the alloy field. No attempt was made to verify the commercial availability of materials. If a source has identified a
Often, the source document will list the data as “not for design, for information only.” “Not for design” is applicable to all values listed v
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be a dynamic creation, under constant revision. We at ASM International, who have the dissemination of materials information at the core of our vision statement, would ask that qualified parties contribute material data to the Society for the betterment of the technical community. Your suggestions, corrections, and comments are also welcome. They can be directed to the addresses found on the title page.
designation as “obsolete,” this has been noted (Woldman’s Engineering Alloys, 9th ed., ASM International, 2000, offers this information).
Call for Future Action Gil Kaufman, committee member, stated that the lack of comprehensive sources of accurate data that make this book valuable makes compiling the data for the book difficult. A material database must
Charles Moosbrugger August 2000
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© 2000 ASM International. All Rights Reserved. ASM Ready Reference: Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Data Book (#06333G)
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Materials Groups in Tables Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Table 2.4 Weight Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Cast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Sintered Powder Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Cast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Welding filler copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Palladium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Thermostat Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Unclassified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Unclassified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Table 2.5 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of High Conductivity Material Families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Iridium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Osmium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Palladium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Rhodium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Ruthenium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Cast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Cast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Iridium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Osmium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Palladium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Rhodium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Ruthenium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Thermostat Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Unclassified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Unclassified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Table 2.6 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of High Conductivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Table 2.3a Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Aluminum Material Families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Palladium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Table 2.3b Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Copper Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Table 3.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Cast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Iridium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Osmium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Palladium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Rhodium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Ruthenium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Table 2.7 Relative Resistivity at Extreme Temperatures of High Conductivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
vii
© 2000 ASM International. All Rights Reserved. ASM Ready Reference: Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Data Book (#06333G) Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Magnesium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Cast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Low Expansion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Magnetically Soft Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Permanent Magnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Unclassified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Electrical Resistance Nickel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Magnetically Soft Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Niobium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Rhenium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Tantalum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Tungsten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Alloy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Carbon Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Cast Stainless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Wrought Stainless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Unclassified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Zinc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Cast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Actinide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Plutonium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Uranium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Carbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Graphite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Cast Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Ductile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Gray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Ceramic Permanent Magnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Lanthanide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Dysprosium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Erbium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Europium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Gadolinium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Holmium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Lutetium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Neodymium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Praseodymium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Samarium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Terbium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Thulium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Ytterbium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Magnesium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Cast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Low Expansion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Magnetically Soft Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Permanent Magnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Unclassified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
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Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Antimony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Barium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Calcium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Manganese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Potassium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Scandium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Sodium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Strontium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Technetium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Thallium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Electrical Resistance Nickel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Magnetically Soft Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Miscellaneous Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Rare Earth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Cerium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Lanthanum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Thorium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Yttrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Beryllium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Chromium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Halfnium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Niobium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Rhenium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Tantalum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Tungsten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Vanadium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Zirconium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Silicon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Carbide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Alloy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Carbon Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Cast Stainless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Wrought Stainless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Unclassified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Zinc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Cast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Actinide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Neptunium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Plutonium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Uranium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Lanthanide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Dysprosium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Erbium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Europium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Holmium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Lutetium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Neodymium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Praseodymium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Samarium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Terbium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 viii
© 2000 ASM International. All Rights Reserved. ASM Ready Reference: Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Data Book (#06333G)
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Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Beryllium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Chromium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Halfnium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Niobium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Rhenium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Tantalum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Tungsten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Vanadium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Zirconium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Alloy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Wrought Stainless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Zinc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Thulium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Magnesium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Magnetically Soft Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Unclassified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Antimony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Barium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Calcium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Manganese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Potassium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Scandium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Sodium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Strontium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Technetium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Magnetically Soft Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Rare Earth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Cerium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Lanthanum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Thorium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Yttrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Beryllium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Chromium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Halfnium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Niobium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Rhenium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Tantalum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Tungsten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Vanadium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Zirconium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Alloy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Carbon Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Wrought Stainless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Zinc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Table 4.1 Volume Conductivity of Solders and Fusible Links. . . . 147 Low melting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Bismuth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Indium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Lead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Mercury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Table 4.2 Volume Resistivity of Solders and Fusible Links . . . . . 151 Low Melting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Bismuth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Cadmium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Cesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Gallium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Indium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Lead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Lithium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Mercury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Rubidium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Table 3.4 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of Higher Resistivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Actinide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Uranium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Magnesium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Cast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Low Expansion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Unclassified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Antimony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Calcium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Sodium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Thallium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Electrical Resistance Nickel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Magnetically Soft Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Table 4.3 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of Solders and Fusible Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Low Melting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Bismuth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Cadmium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Cesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Indium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Lead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Lithium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Rubidium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Table 5.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Contact Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Cast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 ix
© 2000 ASM International. All Rights Reserved. ASM Ready Reference: Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Data Book (#06333G)
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Table 6.1 Volume Resistivity at Low and Superconducting Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Palladium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Tantalum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Tungsten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Low Melting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Cesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Lithium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Rubidium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Magnesium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Barium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Calcium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Manganese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Potassium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Sodium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Strontium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Palladium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Rare Earth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Cerium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Lanthanum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Thorium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Beryllium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Chromium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Halfnium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Tantalum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Tungsten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Vanadium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Zirconium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Zinc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Table 5.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Contact Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Cast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Iridium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Osmium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Palladium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Rhodium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Ruthenium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Beryllium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Chromium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Halfnium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Niobium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Rhenium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Tantalum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Tungsten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Vanadium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Zirconium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Table 5.3 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of Contact Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Table 6.2 Critical Temperature for Superconductors . . . . . . . . . 186
Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Iridium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Osmium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Palladium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Rhodium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Ruthenium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Beryllium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Chromium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Halfnium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Niobium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Rhenium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Tantalum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Tungsten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Vanadium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Zirconium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Actinide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Protactinium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Uranium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Lanthanide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Lutetium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Low Melting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Bismuth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Cadmium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Gallium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Indium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Lead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Mercury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Antimony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Arsenic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Barium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Germanium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Phosphorus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Technetium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 x
© 2000 ASM International. All Rights Reserved. ASM Ready Reference: Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Data Book (#06333G)
www.asminternational.org
Magnetically Soft Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Alloy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Carbon Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Wrought Stainless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Thallium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Iridium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Osmium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Ruthenium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Rare Earth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Lanthanum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Thorium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Yttrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Beryllium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Halfnium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Niobium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Rehenium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Tantalum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Tungsten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Vanadium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Zirconium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Zinc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Table 8.3 Peak Induction (Bm, B max) Magnetically Soft Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Magnetically Soft Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Alloy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Wrought Stainless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Table 8.4 Residual Induction (Br) of Magnetically Soft Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Magnetically Soft Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Unclassified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Magnetically Soft Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Tungsten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Alloy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Carbon Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Wrought Stainless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Table 6.3 Critical Fields of Superconductors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Low Melting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Lead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Rare Earth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Yttrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Niobium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Vanadium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Table 6.4 Critical Current Density for Superconductors. . . . . . . 190 Low Melting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Lead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Rare Earth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Yttrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Niobium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Table 8.5 Curie Temperature (Tc) of Magnetically Soft Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Table 8.1 Relative Permeability (µr) of Magnetically Soft Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Low Expansion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Magnetically Soft Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Permanent Magnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Unclassified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Magnetically Soft Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Miscellaneous Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Alloy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Wrought Stainless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Cast Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Magnetically Soft Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Unclassified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Magnetically Soft Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Alloy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Carbon Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Cast Stainless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Wrought Stainless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Table 8.6 Core Loss (Pc) of Magnetically Soft Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Magnetically Soft Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Magnetically Soft Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Table 8.2 Coercive Force (Hc) of Magnetically Soft Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Cast Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Magnetically Soft Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Unclassified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Table 8.7 Hysteresis Loss (Wh) of Magnetically Soft Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Magnetically Soft Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 xi
© 2000 ASM International. All Rights Reserved. ASM Ready Reference: Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Data Book (#06333G)
www.asminternational.org
Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 Cast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Magnetically Soft Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Wrought Stainless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Table 9.1 Coercive Force (Hc) of Magnetically Hard Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Cast Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Ceramic Permanent Magnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Permanent Magnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Tungsten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Table 10.2 Susceptibility (κ) Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Cast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Lanthanide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Neodymium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Praseodymium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Low Melting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Bismuth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Cesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Indium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Lithium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Magnesium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Antimony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Calcium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Manganese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Phosphorus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Silicon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Sodium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Palladium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Rare Earth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Lanthanum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Beryllium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Chromium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Niobium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Rhenium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Tantalum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Tungsten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Vanadium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Zirconium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Zinc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Table 9.2 Peak Induction (B m , B max) of Magnetically Hard Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Permanent Magnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Table 9.3 Residual Induction (Br) of Magnetically Hard Materials Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 Ceramic Permanent Magnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 Magnetically Soft Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 Permanent Magnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Tungsten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Alloy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Wrought Stainless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Table 9.4 Curie Temperature (Tc) of Magnetically Hard Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Ceramic Permanent Magnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Permanent Magnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Table 9.5 Energy Product (BdHd) of Magnetically Hard Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 Ceramic Permanent Magnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 Permanent Magnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Table 10.1 Relative Permeability (µr) Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
xii
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ASM Ready Reference Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Charles Moosbrugger, editor, p3-5 DOI: 10.1361/empm2000p003
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Chapter 1
Introduction to Electrical Properties ONE OF THE PRIME CHARACTERISTICS of a material that distinguishes it as a metal is its ability to conduct heat and electricity. A majority of the elements are classified as metals. These elements are found on the left side of the periodic table (Fig. 1.1). The elements on the border, such as carbon, have metal-like and nonmetal-like properties. Graphite and graphite composites have been included in this book because of their significant roles as contact materials. Metallic atoms tend to lose electrons in their outer shell, so the substance can be thought to exist as a matrix of positive ions in an electron gas. These free electrons have the ability to move in an ordered manner, which we perceive as an electrical current. The greater the mean free path of the electrons is, the more conductive the substance will be. An increase in the motion of the atoms is indicated by its temperature increase. Typically, metallic solids have a diminished ability to carry current as their temperature increases. Their resistance is said to have increased. In this book, conductance and resistance refer to the electrical conductance and resistance, unless specifically stated as thermal resistance and thermal conductance. The tables in Part 1 use the following units:
Property
International Standard (SI) Abbreviation unit
Volume conductivity Weight conductivity
σv σw
Volume resistivity Weight resistivity Thermal coefficient of resistivity
ρv ρw ∆ρ/ρ
Customary unit
106 /m %IACS S · m2/g Ω · mile2/lb, %IACSweight µΩ · m Ω circular-mil/ft Ωg/m2 Ω lb/mile2 °C–1 °F–1
Definitions Circular Mil. As round wire was so important to the electrical and communications industries at their inception, it is natural that units reflecting them were adopted in the customary system. Because the radial dimension of a wire
is much smaller than its axial dimension, unit of resistivity used the circular mil to press the cross-sectional area and feet to press length. A circular mil is the area of a circle 1 (0.001 in.) in diameter (d). This area is:
the exexmil
1 circular mil = πr2 = π(0.001/2)2 = 7.854 × 10–7 in.2
where the radius (r) = d/2. Circular mils were considered convenient because the area in circular mils equals the square of the diameter in mils. Conductance (G) is defined as the reciprocal of resistance: G = 1/R. The reciprocal of an ohm (Ω) had been called a mho, but is now called a siemen (S). A specimen with 1 Ω resistance has a conductance of 1 S. Conductivity. All readers of this book have the concept of what resistivity and conductivity are. Resistivity and conductivity are inverses of each other. Definitions of such basic terms tend to be self reflexive, often using the terms of resistance and impedance in the definition. Material conductivity is a factor such that the conduction-current density is equal to the electric-field intensity in the material multiplied by the conductivity (Ref 1). Implicit in this definition is the fact that material conductivity is a property of the material itself; it is a constant multiplier relating the electric field (voltage) to the current density (current per unit area), and it is independent of the shape of the material. The reciprocal of resistivity is conductivity: γ = 1/ρ
The conductivity, as with resistivity, can be either volume or weight based. The preferred SI units of conductivity are 106 S/m. In customary units, the conductivity of a metal is commonly compared with that of the International Annealed Copper Standard (%IACS), and its conductivity is then expressed as %IACS (Ref 2). This comparison is made at 20 °C (68 °F).
Conductivity, ac. For time-varying electric fields, the current will vary as well. The ability of materials to conduct alternating current (ac) is dependent on the frequency of that current, the shape of the conductor, and its proximity to other conductors. In this book, the conductivity and resistivity are non-time-varying direct current (dc). An ohm (Ω) is the unit of resistance (and impedance) in the SI system and the customary system such that a conductor with 1 Ω resistance and a constant current of 1 ampere (A) will have a potential of 1 V between its ends. Resistance is the more tangible unit than resistivity. Resistance can be measured in ohms directly with instruments. It is also what is observable through physical effects such as the temperature rise of the conductor or voltage drop through the conductor. %IACS. In customary units, the conductivity of a metal is commonly compared with that of the IACS (100% soft copper), and its conductivity is then expressed as %IACS (Ref 2). This comparison is made at 20 °C (68 °F). A 100.0% conductivity sample has a resistivity of 0.017241 µΩ · m (10.371 Ω circular-mil/ft) at 20 °C (68 °F). Resistivity is an intrinsic property of the material itself, independent of the size and shape of the conductor. The resistivity can be expressed on a volume basis or a weight (mass) basis. This allows for a direct comparison of materials. Resistivity, Volume. In ASTM B 193-95, “Standard Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor Materials” (Ref 3), resistivity is defined as the electrical resistance of a body of unit length and unit cross-sectional area or unit weight. Resistance is expressed in ohms (Ω). Volume resistivity is expressed in ohms for a theoretical conductor of unit length and crosssectional area, in units of Ω · mm2/m in SI units, and in Ω circular-mil/ft in customary units:
ρv = (A/L)R
(Eq 1.1)
Fig. 1.1
Periodic table of the elements
4 / Electrical Properties
Introduction to Electrical Properties / 5 where ρv is volume resistivity, A is the unit cross section, L is the unit length, and R is the resistance in ohms. The units of length squared over length can be simplified so the volume resistivity is expressed as Ω · mm2/m equals 10–6 Ωm or µΩ · m in the SI system. An expression of resistivity that is sometimes encountered is Ω or µΩ of a cubic centimeter, abbreviated as Ω/cm3. It actually represents a cube of the material having edges 1 cm long. The cross-sectional area of the cube face is 1 cm2. An electrical potential (V) is set up between two opposite faces. The resistance is measured across the 1 cm length so the resistivity is: ρv = (A/L)R
The values of the thermal coefficient (αA) can be used to determine the resistivity (ρB) of a material at temperature TB, given the resistivity (ρA) at temperature TA using the formula: ρB = ρA [1 + αA (TB – TA)]
The thermal coefficient (αA) is defined over a temperature range for which the linear approximation is valid. Care must be taken not to use a value of a thermal coefficient beyond its region of validity. Using Volume Resistivity Values to Determine Resistance. The volume resistivity values found in the tables can be used to find the resistance of an object with known volume in the following manner. Solving Eq 1.1 for R:
ρv = (1 cm2/1 cm)Ω R = (L/A)ρv
ρv = cm ⋅ Ω = 0.01 mΩ
Resistivity, Weight. Weight resistivity (ρw) can be expressed as:
Following are two examples of determining resistance:
• Example 1. Given a 9 m length of wire with 2 ρw = (W/L1L2)R
(Eq 1.2)
where W is weight (or mass) of the test specimen in grams for SI and pounds for customary units; L1 is the gage length used to determine the resistance, R, in meters or miles; L2 is the specimen length in meters or miles; and R is the resistance in ohms. For weight resistivity, it was natural to think in terms of the pounds of metal per mile of cable, so the units are Ω lb/mile2 (Ref 2). This leads to a large difference between the magnitude of the values in the SI and customary systems. Weight resistivity is useful to compare materials for applications where weight is a factor, such as transmission lines and in aircraft. The thermal coefficient of resistivity (α) given in the tables is defined as the slope or fractional change in resistivity per unit change in temperature: α = ∆ρ/ρ per °C or °F
The units of α are °C–1 in the SI system and °F–1 in the alternate system.
mm2 cross-sectional area, for a material at 20 °C with ρ = 0.05 Ωm, the resistance at 20 °C is: R = [(9 m)/(2 mm2 · 10–6 m2/mm2)] · 0.05 µΩ · m
Using unit analysis, the length units cancel and
Common wire gages and areas are given in Table A.3 in the Appendix. Note that these are dc resistances at specific temperatures. Alternating current resistances depend on the geometry of the conductor, proximity to other conductors, and the frequency of the alternating current. This book focuses on materials properties; an engineering textbook should be consulted for ac resistances. The data tables are constructed starting with the units as given by the source. If the source units correspond to the units presented previously, the qualifier of the source, if given, is noted behind the value. If a conversion more complex than a change in the power of 10 was needed, the value is followed by a “d” to indicate that the value was derived from the source in addition to any other qualifier. In the tables, conductivities have been derived from sources where only the resistivity is given. The reverse has not been done; that is, resistivity has not been derived from conductivity. Another temperature coefficient of resistance is found in literature that has units of Ω per degree K or R. This allows for the resistance to be found by multiplying the factor by the absolute temperature. Again, the factor is given for a particular temperature or temperature range. This coefficient is not reported in this book. Checking the units of the coefficients will ensure that the desired coefficient is being used.
R = 0.225 Ω
• Example 2. Given a 12 gage wire (80.81 mils diam and 6530 circular-mil area), 50 ft long, made of a material with ρ = 50 Ω circular-mil/ft at 68 °F, the resistance can be estimated as: R = (50 ft/6530 circular-mil) · 50 Ω circular-mil/ft R = 0.383 Ω
Since ρ and the length are known to only one significant figure, R = 0.4 Ω is sufficiently accurate.
REFERENCES 1. IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronic Terms, Std 100-1977, American National Standards Institute/Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (ANSI/IEEE), 1977 2. ASM Ready Reference: Properties & Units for Engineering Alloys, ASM International, 1997, p 100 3. “Standard Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor Materials,” B 193-95, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM, 1995
ASM Ready Reference Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Charles Moosbrugger, editor, p6-92 DOI: 10.1361/empm2000p006
Copyright © 2000 ASM International® All rights reserved. www.asminternational.org
Chapter 2
High Conductivity Materials THE MATERIALS MOST OFTEN SELECTED for their ability to conduct electricity are found in this chapter. Aluminum alloys and copper alloys are used for the bulk of conductor applications. Most electric power transmissions use copper or aluminum because of their combination of conductivity and low cost. On applications where other concerns predominate, noble metals are the conductors of choice. For the sake of consistency, all noble metals are
listed in this section, even though they vary in resistivity by a factor of over six, from palladium to silver. Silver is the highest-conductivity material. Because of its cost, it can be used in small quantities in the form of conductive coatings on glass and plastic as well as plating on copper to take advantage of its high conductivity. Gold likewise is selected as a plating material for connectors and contacts.
Rhodium and palladium are used as conductors on printed circuit boards. Platinum has uses in spark plugs, resistance temperature detectors, high-temperature resistors, and high-temperature wiring. Of the noble metals, osmium forms a toxic oxide at room temperature in an atmosphere containing oxygen, so it is not readily usable. Because of its hardness, it can be used for electrical contacts.
High Conductivity Materials / 7
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families % IACS
Temperature oC oF
Aluminum, Cast, 1xx.x Commercially Pure Aluminum 100.1 (A01001) 31 min,d 100.1 (A01001) 32 t,d 150.1 (A01501) 33 min,d 150.1 (A01501) 34 t,d 170.1 (A01701) 34 min,d 170.1 (A01701) 35 t,d
54 min 56 t 57 min 59 t 59 min 60 t
RT RT RT RT RT RT
Aluminum, Cast, 2xx.x Aluminum Copper 201.0-T43 (A02010) 19 to 20 t,d 201.0-T6 (A02010) 19 to 20 t,d 201.0-T6 (A02010) 16 to 19 t,d 201.0-T6 (A02010) 16 to 19 t,d 201.0-T7 (A02010) 19 to 20 t,d 204.0-T4 (A02040) 17 t,d 204.0-T6 (A02040) 19.7 t,d 204.0-T6 (A02040) 19.7 t,d 206.0-T4 (A02060) 17 t,d 208.0-F (A02080) 18 t,d 208.0-O (A02080) 22 t,d 208.0-T6 (A02080) 18 t,d 208.0-T7 (A02080) 18 t,d 222.0-F (A02220) 19.7 t,d 222.0-O (A02220) 24 t,d 222.0-T61 (A02220) 19 t,d 224.0-T62 (A02240) 17 t,d 224.0-T72 (A02240) 17 t,d 238.0-F (A02380) 15 t,d 238.0-F (A02380) 15 t,d 240.0-F (A02400) 13 t,d 242.0-O (A02420) 26 t,d 242.0-T21 (A02420) 26 t,d 242.0-T571 (A02420) 19.7 t,d 242.0-T571 (A02420) 19.7 t,d 242.0-T571 (A02420) 19.7 t,d 242.0-T61 (A02420) 19 t,d 242.0-T61 (A02420) 19.7 t,d 242.0-T77 (A02420) 22 t,d 242.0-T77 (A02420) 22 t,d 295.0-T4 (A02950) 20.3 t,d 295.0-T4 (A02950) 20.3 t,d 295.0-T6 (A02950) 20.3 t,d 295.0-T6 (A02950) 20.3 t,d 295.0-T62 (A02950) 21 t,d 295.0-T62 (A02950) 20.3 t,d 296.0-T4 (A02960) 19 t,d 296.0-T6 (A02960) 19 t,d 296.0-T62 (A02960) 19 t,d 296.0-T7 (A02960) 19 t,d
32 to 34 t 32 to 34 t 27 to 32 t 27 to 32 t 32 to 34 t 29 t 34 t 34 t 30 t 31 t 38 t 31 t 31 t 34 t 41 t 33 t 30 t 30 t 25 t 25 t 23 t 44 t 44 t 34 t 34 t 34 t 33 t 34 t 38 t 38 t 35 t 35 t 35 t 35 t 37 t 35 t 33 t 33 t 33 t 33 t
RT RT RT
Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
20
Notes
Reference
9 9 9 9 9 9 Permanent mold Permanent mold Sand cast 68
RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT 20
68 RT
20
68 RT RT RT RT RT RT
20
Permanent mold Sand cast Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Obsolete Obsolete Permanent mold Permanent mold Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete Sand cast, obsolete Sand cast Permanent mold Permanent mold, obsolete Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast
68 RT RT
20
Sand cast Sand cast 68
RT RT RT RT RT
Sand cast Permanent mold Permanent mold Permanent mold Permanent mold
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
7 7 5 10 5 9 9 9 9 5 5 7 7 5 5 5 5 7 7 5 5 5 10 5 10 2 5 7 5 5 5 10 6 7 10 5 5 5 5 7
8 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Aluminum, Cast, 3xx.x Aluminum Silicon plus Copper or Magnesium Alcan 143 16 u,d 27 u Alcan 164 13 u,d 23 u 308.0 (A03080) 21 t,d 37 t 308.0-F (A03080) 21 t,d 37 t 308.0-F (A03080) 21 t,d 37 t 319.0-F (A03190) 16 t,d 27 t 319.0-F (A03190) 16 t,d 28 t 324.0-F (A03240) 19.7 t,d 34 t 328.0-F (A03280) 17 t,d 30 t 332.0-T5 (A03320) 15 t,d 26 t 333.0-F (A03330) 15 t,d 26 t 333.0-T5 (A03330) 17 t,d 29 t 333.0-T6 (A03330) 17 t,d 29 t 333.0-T7 (A03330) 20.3 t,d 35 t 336.0-T551 (A03360) 17 t,d 29 t 336.0-T551 (A03360) 17 t,d 29 t 354.0-F (A03540) 19 t,d 32 t 354.0-T61 (A03540) 19 t,d 32 t 354.0-T61 (A03540) 19 t,d 32 t 355.0-T51 (A03550) 25 t,d 43 t 355.0-T6 (A03550) 23 t,d 39 t 355.0-T6 (A03550) 21 t,d 36 t 355.0-T61 (A03550) 23 t,d 39 t 355.0-T61 (A03550) 21 t,d 37 t 355.0-T62 (A03550) 22 t,d 38 t 355.0-T7 (A03550) 24 t,d 42 t 355.0-T7 (A03550) 24 t,d 42 t 355.0-T71 (A03550) 23 t,d 39 t 355.0-T71 (A03550) 23 t,d 39 t 355.0-T71 (A03550) 23 t,d 39 t 356.0-T51 (A03560) 25 t,d 43 t 356.0-T51 (A03560) 25 t,d 43 t 356.0-T6 (A03560) 24 t,d 41 t 356.0-T6 (A03560) 23 t,d 39 t 356.0-T7 (A03560) 23 t,d 40 t 356.0-T7 (A03560) 23 t,d 40 t 356.0-T7 (A03560) 25 t,d 43 t 357.0-F (A03570) 23 t,d 39 t 357.0-F (A03570) 23 t,d 39 t 357.0-T6 (A03570) 23 t,d 39 t 358.0-T6 (A03580) 23 t,d 39 t 359.0-T6 (A03590) 20.3 t,d 35 t 359.0-T61 (A03590) 20.3 t,d 35 t 360.0 (A03600) 16 t,d 28 t 360.0 (A03600) 17 t,d 30 t 360.0-F (A03600) 21 t,d 37 t 364.0-F (A03640) 17 t,d 30 t 380.0 (A03800) 16 t,d 27 t
Temperature oC oF
20 20 20
68 68 68 RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT
20
Notes
Reference
Die casting Die casting Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Permanent mold Permanent mold, obsolete Obsolete Permanent mold Permanent mold Permanent mold Permanent mold Permanent mold
68 RT RT RT RT RT RT RT
20
68 RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT
20
Permanent mold Permanent mold Permanent mold Sand cast Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Sand cast Permanent mold Permanent mold Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Sand cast Permanent mold Permanent mold Permanent mold Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast
68 RT RT RT RT
Die cast Die cast
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
66 66 10 5 9 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 5 5 10 5 5 7 6 5 5 5 10 5 6 5 7 2 6 7 7 5 5 5 5 7 6 7 6 5 5 5 2 10 4 5 5 4
High Conductivity Materials / 9
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Aluminum, Cast, 3xx.x Aluminum Silicon plus Copper or Magnesium 380.0-F (A03800) 13 t,d 23 t 380.0-F (A03800) 16 t,d 27 t 383.0 (A03830) 13 t,d 23 t 383.0-F (A03830) 13 t,d 23 t 384.0 (A03840) 13 t,d 22 t 384.0-F (A03840) 13 t,d 23 t 384.0-F (A03840) 13 t,d 23 t 390.0-F (A03900) 15 t,d 25 t 390.0-T5 (A03900) 14 t,d 24 t 392.0-F (A03920) 13 t,d 22 t A356.0-T51 (A13560) 25 t,d 43 t A356.0-T6 (A13560) 23 t,d 39 t A356.0-T6 (A13560) 23 t,d 40 t A356.0-T6 (A13560) 24 t,d 41 t A356.0-T61 (A13560) 23 t,d 39 t A356.0-T61 (A13560) 23 t,d 39 t A356.0-T7 (A13560) 23 t,d 40 t A357.0-T6 (A13570) 23 t,d 40 t A357.0-T61 (A13570) 23 t,d 39 t A360.0 (A13600) 17 t,d 29 t A360.0 (A13600) 17 t,d 30 t A360.0-F (A13600) 17 t,d 29 t A360.0-F (A13600) 21 t,d 37 t A380.0 (A13800) 13 t,d 23 t A380.0-F (A13800) 16 t,d 27 t A390.0-F (A13900) 16 t,d 27 t A390.0-T5 (A13900) 15 t,d 25 t A390.0-T5 (A13900) 15 t,d 25 t B390.0 (A23900) 16 t,d 27 t C355.0-T6 (A33550) 21 t,d 36 t C355.0-T61 (A33550) 23 t,d 39 t C355.0-T61 (A33550) 21 t,d 37 t C355.0-T61 (A33550) 23 t,d 39 t Aluminum, Cast, 4xx.x Aluminum Silicon Alcan 135 22.6 to 24.9 u,d 413.0 (A04130) 18 t,d 413.0-F (A04130) 23 t,d 413.0-F (A04130) 39 t,d 443.0-F (A04430) 21 t,d 443.0-F (A04430) 21 t,d 443.0-F (A04430) 21 t,d 443.0-F (A04430) 21 t,d 443.0-F (A04430) 21 t,d 443.0-F (A04430) 24 t,d 443.0-F (A04430) 21 t,d 443.0-O (A04430) 24 t,d A413.0 (A14130) 18 t,d A413.0-F (A14130) 18 t,d
39 to 43 u 31 t 39 t 68 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 41 t 37 t 42 t 31 t 31 t
Temperature oC oF
RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT 20 20
Sand cast
RT 68 RT RT 20
68 RT RT RT
20
Reference
Sand cast Die cast
68 68
20
Notes
Sand cast Die cast Die cast Die cast Permanent mold Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Permanent mold Permanent mold Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast
68 RT RT RT RT
20 20
Sand cast Die cast Die cast 68 68
RT RT RT RT RT RT 20
Sand cast Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Sand cast 68
RT RT RT 20
68 RT
20
68 RT
20
68 RT RT RT RT RT
Sand, permanent mold casting Die cast Die cast Sand cast Die cast Die cast Sand cast Permanent mold Permanent mold Permanent mold Sand cast Sand cast
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
2 5 4 2 4 2 5 5 5 5 10 10 5 10 7 6 10 5 6 4 10 2 5 4 5 10 10 2 4 2 7 2 5 66 4 9 5 10 5 10 5 10 9 7 5 4 2
10 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Aluminum, Cast, 4xx.x Aluminum Silicon A413.0-F (A14130) 23 t,d A443.0-F (A14430) 21 t,d A443.0-F (A14430) 21 t,d A443.0-F (A14430) 21 t,d A444.0-F (A14440) 24 t,d A444.0-F (A14440) 24 t,d A444.0-T4 (A14440) 24 t,d B443.0-F (A24430) 21 t,d B443.0-F (A24430) 21 t,d B443.0-F (A24430) 21 t,d B443.0-F (A24430) 21 t,d B443.0-F (A24430) 21 t,d B443.0-F (A24430) 21 t,d C443.0 (A34430) 21 t,d C443.0-F (A34430) 21 t,d C443.0-F (A34430) 21 t,d C443.0-F (A34430) 21 t,d C443.0-F (A34430) 21 t,d
39 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 41 t 41 t 41 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 37 t
Aluminum, Cast, 5xx.x Aluminum Magnesium 511.0-F (A05110) 21 t,d 512.0-F (A05120) 22 t,d 513.0-F (A05130) 19.7 t,d 514.0-F (A05140) 20.3 t,d 518.0 (A05180) 14 t,d 518.0 (A05180) 15 t,d 518.0-F (A05180) 14 t,d 520.0-T4 (A05200) 12 t,d 520.0-T4 (A05200) 12 t,d 535.0 (A05350) 13 t,d 535.0-F (A05350) 13 t,d 535.0-F (A05350) 13 t,d 535.0-T5 (A05350) 13 t,d A535.0 (A15350) 13 t,d A535.0-F (A15350) 13 t,d B535.0 (A25350) 13 t,d B535.0-F (A25350) 14 t,d
36 t 38 t 34 t 35 t 24 t 25 t 24 t 21 t 21 t 23 t 23 t 23 t 23 t 23 t 23 t 23 t 24 t
Aluminum, Cast, 7xx.x Aluminum Zinc Alcan 432 20.3 u,d 705.0-F (A07050) 15 t,d 705.0-T5 (A07050) 15 t,d 707.0-F (A07070) 15 t,d 707.0-T5 (A07070) 15 t,d 710.0-F (A07100) 20.3 t,d 710.0-T5 (A07100) 20.3 t,d 711.0-F (A07100) 23 t,d 712.0 (A07120) 20.3 t,d 712.0-F (A07120) 23 t,d 712.0-T5 (A07120) 23 t,d
35 u 25 t 25 t 25 t 25 t 35 t 35 t 40 t 35 t 40 t 40 t
Temperature oC oF
RT 20 20 20
68
Die cast Sand cast Permanent mold Die cast Permanent mold Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Die cast Sand cast Permanent mold
68 68 68
Sand cast Die cast Permanent mold Sand cast
68 68 68 RT RT RT
20
68 RT RT
20
68 RT
20 RT RT 20 20 20 RT RT RT RT RT 20
Notes
Reference
Sand cast Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast 68
RT RT 20 20
Die cast Sand cast 68 68
RT RT RT 20
Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast 68
RT 20
Die cast 68
RT 20
Sand cast 68
RT RT RT RT RT RT RT 20
Sand casting Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Permanent mold
68 RT RT
Sand cast Sand cast
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
5 10 10 10 5 2 7 10 7 2 10 6 10 4 2 10 10 10 5 5 5 5 4 10 5 5 10 10 5 7 7 10 5 10 5 66 5 2 5 2 5 7 5 10 5 7
High Conductivity Materials / 11
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Aluminum, Cast, 7xx.x Aluminum Zinc 713.0 (A07130) 20.3 t,d 713.0-F (A07130) 21 t,d 713.0-T5 (A07130) 21 t,d 771.0 (A07710) 16 t,d 771.0-F (A07710) 21 t,d 771.0-T5 (A07710) 21 t,d 771.0-T51 (A07710) 21 t,d 771.0-T52 (A07710) 21 t,d 771.0-T53 (A07710) 21 t,d 771.0-T6 (A07710) 21 t,d 771.0-T71 (A07710) 21 t,d
35 t 37 t 37 t 27 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 37 t
Aluminum, Cast, 8xx.x Aluminum Tin 850.0-T5 (A0850) 850.0-T5 (A08500) 851.0-T5 (A08510) 851.0-T5 (A08510) 852.0-T5 (A08520) 852.0-T5 (A08520)
47 t 47 t 43 t 43 t 45 t 45 t
27 t,d 27 t,d 25 t,d 25 t,d 26 t,d 26 t,d
Aluminum, Sintered Powder Aluminum, 2xx.x Aluminum Copper 201AB-T4 19 t,d 32 e
Temperature oC oF
20
20
Sand cast Sand cast 68
RT RT RT RT RT RT RT
Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast
RT RT RT RT RT RT
Permanent mold Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast
20
68
20.3 t,d
35 e
20
68
201AB-T61
22 t,d
38 e
20
68
MD-22-T6 MD-24-T6
21 t,d 19 t,d
36 t 32 t
RT RT 20
68
601AB-T6
24 t,d
41 e
20
68
601AB-T61
26 t,d
44 e
20
68
602AB-T4
26 t,d
44 e
20
68
602AB-T6
27 t,d
47 e
20
68
602AB-T61
28 t,d
49 e
20
68
MD-69-T6 MD-76-T6
23 t,d 15 t,d
39 t 25 t
Aluminum, Wrought, 1xxx Commercially Pure Aluminum Al (99.996%) 37.67 u,d 64.95 u EC-H19 36 u,d 62 u EC-O 36 u,d 62 u 1050-O (A91050) 35.6 t,d 61.3 t 1050-O (A91050) 35.6 t,d 61.3 t 1060-H18 (A91060) 35 t,d 61 t
RT RT 20 20 20 20 20 20
Reference
68 RT RT
201AB-T6
Aluminum, Sintered Powder Aluminum, 6xx.x Aluminum Magnesium 601AB-T4 22 t,d 38 e
Notes
Sintered P/M. Determimed with FM-103 Magnatester Sintered P/M. Determimed with FM-103 Magnatester Sintered P/M. Determimed with FM-103 Magnatester Sintered P/M Sintered P/M Sintered P/M. Determimed with FM-103 Magnatester Sintered P/M. Determimed with FM-103 Magnatester Sintered P/M. Determimed with FM-103 Magnatester Sintered P/M. Determimed with FM-103 Magnatester Sintered P/M. Determimed with FM-103 Magnatester Sintered P/M. Determimed with FM-103 Magnatester Sintered P/M Sintered P/M
68 68 68 68 68 68
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
10 5 7 10 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 5 6 5 6 5 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 65 65 65 8 8 1
12 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Aluminum, Wrought, 1xxx Commercially Pure Aluminum 1060-H18 (A91060) 35 t 60 t,d 1060-O (A91060) 36 t,d 62 t 1060-O (A91060) 36 t 62 t,d 1100 (A91100) 5.2 t,d 9t 1100-H18 (A91100) 33 t 57 t,d 1100-H18 (A91100) 33 t,d 57 t 1100-O (A91100) 34 t 59 t,d 1100-O (A91100) 34 t,d 59 t 1145-H18 (A91145) 35 t,d 60 t 1145-O (A91145) 35 t,d 61 t 1199-O (A91199) 37.4 t,d 64.5 t 1350-All (A91350) 36 t 62 t,d 1350-All (A91350) 36 t,d 62 t 1350-H1x (A91350) 35.4 t,d 61.0 t 1350-O (A91350) 35.8 t,d 61.8 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Aluminum, Wrought, 2xxx Aluminum Copper Alcoa 2090 10 to 11 t,d 2011-T3 (A92011) 23 t,d 2011-T3 (A92011) 23 t 2011-T4 (A92011) 23 t,d 2011-T8 (A92011) 26 t,d 2011-T8 (A92011) 26 t,d 2011-T8 (A92011) 26 t 2014-O (A92014) 29 t 2014-O (A92014) 29 t,d 2014-T3 (A92014) 19.7 t,d 2014-T4 (A92014) 20 t 2014-T4 (A92014) 19.7 t,d 2014-T451 (A92014) 19.7 t,d 2014-T6 (A92014) 23 t,d 2014-T6 (A92014) 23 t 2014-T651 (A92014) 23 t,d 2014-T652 (A92014) 23 t,d 2017-O (A92017) 29 t,d 2017-O (A92017) 29 t 2017-T4 (A92017) 20 t 2017-T4 (A92017) 19.7 t,d 2018-T61 (A92018) 23 t 2018-T61 (A92018) 23 t,d 2024-O (A92024) 29 t,d 2024-O (A92024) 29 t 2024-T3 (A92024) 17 t 2024-T3 (A92024) 17 t,d 2024-T361 (A92024) 17 t,d 2024-T361 (A92024) 17 t 2024-T4 (A92024) 17 t 2024-T4 (A92024) 17 t,d 2024-T6 (A92024) 22 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
17 to 19 t 39 t 40 t,d 39 t 45 t 45 t 45 t,d 50 t,d 50 t 34 t 34 t,d 34 t 34 t 40 t 40 t,d 40 t 40 t 50 t 50 t,d 34 t,d 34 t 40 t,d 40 t 50 t 50 t,d 29 t,d 30 t 30 t 29 t,d 29 t,d 30 t 38 t,d
Notes
Reference
Obsolete, EC Grade Obsolete, EC Grade Obsolete, EC Grade Obsolete, EC Grade Aerospace sheet plate extrusion
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
3 1 3 59 3 1 3 1 8 8 8 3 1 8 8 66 1 3 8 8 1 3 3 1 8 3 1 8 1 3 8 8 1 3 3 1 3 1 1 3 3 1 1 3 3 1 3
High Conductivity Materials / 13
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Aluminum, Wrought, 2xxx Aluminum Copper 2024-T6 (A92024) 22 t,d 2024-T81 (A92024) 22 t 2024-T81 (A92024) 22 t,d 2024-T861 (A92024) 22 t 2024-T861 (A92024) 22 t,d 2025-T6 (A92025) 23 t,d 2025-T6 (A92025) 23 t 2036-O (A92036) 30.2 t,d 2036-T4 (A92036) 24 t,d 2036-T4 (A92036) 24 t Alcoa 2036-T4 (A92036) 23.8 u,d 2038-T4 (A92038) 23 t,d 2048-T851 (A92048) 24 t,d 2090 (A92090) 10 to 11 t,d 2091 (A92091) 10 to 11 t,d 2117-T4 (A92117) 23 t,d 2117-T4 (A92117) 23 t 2124-O (A92124) 29 t,d 2124-T851 (A92124) 22 t 2124-T851 (A92124) 22 t,d 2218-T61 (A92218) 22 t,d 2218-T72 (A92218) 23 t 2218-T72 (A92218) 23 t,d 2219-O (A92219) 26 t 2219-O (A92219) 26 t,d 2219-T31 (A92219) 16 t 2219-T31 (A92219) 16 t,d 2219-T351 (A92219) 16 t,d 2219-T37 (A92219) 16 t,d 2219-T37 (A92219) 16 t 2219-T6 (A92219) 17 t 2219-T6 (A92219) 17 t,d 2219-T62 (A92219) 17 t,d 2219-T81 (A92219) 17 t 2219-T81 (A92219) 17 t,d 2219-T851 (A92219) 17 t,d 2219-T87 (A92219) 17 t,d 2219-T87 (A92219) 17 t 2319-O (A92319) 26 t,d 2618-T6 (A92618) 21 t,d 2618-T6 (A92618) 21 t 2618-T61 (A92618) 21 t,d
38 t 38 t,d 38 t 38 t,d 38 t 40 t 40 t,d 52 t 41 t 41 t,d 41.0 u,d 40 t 42 t 17 to 19 t 17 to 19 t 40 t 40 t,d 50 t 38 t,d 38 t 38 t 40 t,d 40 t 45 t,d 44 t 28 t,d 28 t 28 t 28 t 28 t,d 29 t,d 30 t 30 t 29 t,d 30 t 30 t 30 t 29 t,d 44 t 37 t 36 t,d 37 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Aluminum, Wrought, 3xxx Aluminum Manganese 3003 (A93003) 29 t,d 3003-H12 (A93003) 24 t 3003-H12 (A93003) 24 t,d 3003-H14 (A93003) 24 t 3003-H14 (A93003) 24 t,d
50 t 41 t,d 42 t 41 t,d 41 t
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
Notes
Reference
Auto body sheet
Al-Li alloy Al-Li alloy
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
1 3 1 3 1 1 3 8 1 3 66 54 8 11 11 1 3 8 3 1 8 3 1 3 1 3 1 8 1 3 3 1 8 3 1 8 1 3 8 1 3 8 59 3 1 3 1
14 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Aluminum, Wrought, 3xxx Aluminum Manganese 3003-H18 (A93003) 23 t 3003-H18 (A93003) 23 t,d 3003-O (A93003) 29 t,d 3003-O (A93003) 29 t 3004-All (A93004) 24 t,d 3004-All (A93004) 24 t 3004-O (A93004) 24 t,d 3105-All (A93105) 26 t,d 3105-All (A93105) 26 t 3105-O (A93105) 26 t,d
40 t,d 40 t 50 t 50 t,d 42 t 41 t,d 42 t 45 t 45 t,d 45 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Aluminum, Wrought, 4xxx Aluminum Silicon Alcan B33S 21.5 to 27.8 u,d 4032-O (A94032) 23 t 4032-O (A94032) 23 t,d 4032-T6 (A94032) 20.3 t,d 4032-T6 (A94032) 20 t 4043-O (A94043) 24 t,d 4043-O (A94043) 24 t 4045-All (A94045) 26 t 4045-All (A94045) 26 t,d 4343-All (A94343) 24 t,d 4343-All (A94343) 27 t
37 to 48 u 40 t,d 40 t 35 t 34 t,d 42 t 41 t,d 45 t,d 45 t 42 t 47 t,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Extrusion ingots
66 3 1 1 3 1 3 3 1 1 3
Aluminum, Wrought, 5xxx Aluminum Magnesium Alcan 57S-Annealed 20.3 u,d 5005-All (A95005) 30.2 t,d 5005-All (A95005) 30 t 5005-H38 (A95005) 30.2 t,d 5005-O (A95005) 30.2 t,d 5050-All (A95050) 29 t 5050-All (A95050) 29 t,d 5050-H38 (A95050) 29 t,d 5050-O (A95050) 29 t,d 5052 (A95052) 34.2 t,d 5052-All (A95052) 20 t 5052-All (A95052) 20.3 t,d 5052-H38 (A95052) 20.3 u,d 5052-H38 (A95052) 20.3 t,d 5052-O (A95052) 20.3 u,d 5052-O (A95052) 20.3 t,d 5056-H38 (A95056) 15.7 u,d 5056-H38 (A95056) 16 t,d 5056-H38 (A95056) 16 t 5056-O (A95056) 17 t 5056-O (A95056) 17 t,d 5083-All (A95083) 17 t,d 5083-O (A95083) 17 t 5083-O (A95083) 17 t,d 5086-All (A95086) 18 t
35 u 52 t 52 t,d 52 t 52 t 50 t,d 50 t 50 t 50 t 59 t 34 t,d 35 t 35 u 35 t 35 u 35 t 27 u 27 t 28 t,d 29 t,d 29 t 29 t 29 t,d 29 t 31 t,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Sheet, plate, tube, wire, rod, bar
66 1 3 8 8 3 1 8 8 59 3 1 65 8 65 8 65 1 3 3 1 8 3 1 3
3 1 1 3 1 3 8 1 3 8
Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete
Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
High Conductivity Materials / 15
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
Aluminum, Wrought, 5xxx Aluminum Magnesium 5086-All (A95086) 18 t,d 5154-All (A95154) 19 t 5154-All (A95154) 19 t,d 5182 (A95182) 18 t,d Alcoa 5182 (A95182) 18 u,d 5252-All (A95252) 20 t 5252-All (A95252) 20.3 t,d 5254-All (A95254) 19 t 5254-All (A95254) 19 t,d 5356-O (A95356) 17 t 5356-O (A95356) 17 t,d 5454-All (A95454) 19.7 t,d 5454-O (A95454) 20 t 5454-O (A95454) 19.7 t,d Alcoa 5454-All (A95454) 19.7 t,ave,d 5454-H38 (A95456) 19.7 t,d 5454-H38 (A95456) 20 t 5456-All (A95456) 17 t,d 5456-O (A95456) 17 t 5456-O (A95456) 17 t,d 5457-All (A95457) 27 t,d 5457-All (A95457) 27 t 5652-All (A95652) 20 t 5652-All (A95652) 20.3 t,d 5657-All (A95657) 31 t 5657-All (A95657) 31 t,d
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
31 t 33 t,d 32 t 31 t 31 u 34 t,d 35 t 33 t,d 32 t 29 t,d 29 t 34 t 34 t,d 34 t 34 t,ave 34 t 34 t,d 29 t 29 t,d 29 t 46 t 47 t,d 34 t,d 35 t 53 t,d 54 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Aluminum, Wrought, 6xxx Aluminum Magnesium Silicon 6005-T1 (A96005) 27 t,d 47 t 6005-T1 (A96005) 27 t 47 t,d 6005-T5 (A96005) 28 t,d 49 t 6005-T5 (A96005) 28 t 48 t,d 6009-All (A96009) 26 t,d 44 t 6009-O (A96009) 31 t,d 54 t 6009-T4 (A96009) 26 t,d 44 t 6009-T6 (A96009) 27 t,d 47 t Alcoa 6009-O (A96009) 25.6 u,d 44.1 u,d Alcoa 6009-T4 (A96009) 25.4 u,d 43.8 u,d Alcoa 6009-T6 (A96009) 27.5 u,d 47.5 u,d 6010-All (A96010) 23 t,d 39 t 6010-O (A96010) 31 t,d 53 t 6010-T4 (A96010) 23 t,d 39 t 6010-T6 (A96010) 26 t,d 44 t Alcoa 6010-O (A96010) 30.8 u,d 53.0 u,d Alcoa 6010-T4 (A96010) 22.6 u,d 39.0 u,d Alcoa 6010-T6 (A96010) 25.5 u,d 44.0 u,d 6053-O (A96053) 26 t 45 t,d 6053-O (A96053) 26 t,d 45 t 6053-T4 (A96053) 23 t 40 t,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Notes
Reference
Auto body sheet
Obsolete Obsolete
Auto
Obsolete Obsolete
Auto body sheet Auto body sheet Auto body sheet
Auto body sheet Auto body sheet Auto body sheet
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
1 3 1 8 66 3 1 3 1 3 1 8 3 1 66 1 3 8 3 1 1 3 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 3 54 8 8 8 66 66 66 54 8 8 8 66 66 66 3 1 3
16 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Aluminum, Wrought, 6xxx Aluminum Magnesium Silicon 6053-T4 (A96053) 23 t,d 40 t 6053-T6 (A96053) 24 t 41 t,d 6053-T6 (A96053) 24 t,d 42 t 6061-O (A96061) 27 t 47 t,d 6061-O (A96061) 27 t,d 47 t 6061-T4 (A96061) 23 t 40 t,d 6061-T4 (A96061) 23 t,d 40 t 6061-T6 (A96061) 25 t,d 43 t 6061-T6 (A96061) 25 t 43 t,d 6063-O (A96063) 34 t 59 t,d 6063-O (A96063) 34 t,d 58 t 6063-T1 (A96063) 29 t 50 t,d 6063-T1 (A96063) 29 t,d 50 t 6063-T5 (A96063) 32 t 55 t,d 6063-T5 (A96063) 32 t,d 55 t 6063-T6 (A96063) 31 t 53 t,d 6063-T6 (A96063) 31 t,d 53 t 6063-T83 (A96063) 31 t 53 t,d 6063-T83 (A96063) 31 t,d 53 t 6066-O (A96066) 23 t 40 t,d 6066-O (A96066) 23 t,d 40 t 6066-T6 (A96066) 21 t 36 t,d 6066-T6 (A96066) 21 t,d 37 t 6070-T6 (A96070) 26 t,d 44 t 6070-T6 (A96070) 26 t 45 t,d 6101-T6 (A96101) 32 u,d 56 u 6101-T6 (A96101) 33 t 57 t,d 6101-T6 (A96101) 33 t,d 57 t 6101-T61 (A96101) 34 t 59 t,d 6101-T61 (A96101) 34 t,d 59 t 6101-T63 (A96101) 34 t,d 58 t 6101-T63 (A96101) 34 t 59 t,d 6101-T64 (A96101) 35 t 60 t,d 6101-T64 (A96101) 35 t,d 60 t 6101-T65 (A96101) 34 t,d 58 t 6101-T65 (A96101) 34 t 59 t,d 6105-T1 (A96105) 27 t 47 t,d 6105-T1 (A96105) 27 t,d 46 t 6105-T5 (A96105) 29 t 50 t,d 6105-T5 (A96105) 29 t,d 50 t 6111-T4 (A96111) 23 t,d 40 t 6111-T6 (A96111) 26 t,d 45 t 6151-O (A96151) 31 t,d 54 t 6151-O (A96151) 31 t 53 t,d 6151-T4 (A96151) 24 t 41 t,d 6151-T4 (A96151) 24 t,d 42 t 6151-T6 (A96151) 26 t 45 t,d 6151-T6 (A96151) 26 t,d 45 t
Temperature oC oF
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Notes
Reference
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
1 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 65 3 1 3 1 1 3 3 1 1 3 3 1 3 1 54 54 1 3 3 1 3 1
High Conductivity Materials / 17
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Aluminum, Wrought, 6xxx Aluminum Magnesium Silicon 6201-T81 (A96201) 31 t 53 t,d 6201-T81 (A96201) 31 t,d 54 t 6205-T1 (A96205) 26 t,d 45 t 6205-T5 (A96205) 28 t,d 49 t 6262-T9 (A96262) 26 t 45 t,d 6262-T9 (A96262) 26 t,d 44 t 6351-T6 (A96351) 27 t,d 46 t 6351-T6 (A96351) 27 t 47 t,d 6463-T1 (A96463) 29 t 50 t,d 6463-T1 (A96463) 29 t,d 50 t 6463-T5 (A96463) 32 t 55 t,d 6463-T5 (A96463) 32 t,d 55 t 6463-T6 (A96463) 31 t 53 t,d 6463-T6 (A96463) 31 t,d 53 t 6951-O (A96951) 32 t 55 t,d 6951-O (A96951) 32 t,d 56 t 6951-T6 (A96951) 30 t 52 t,d 6951-T6 (A96951) 30.2 t,d 52 t Aluminum, Wrought, 7xxx Aluminum Zinc Alcan 74S-T4 19.01 u,d Alcan 74S-T6 20.82 u,d Alcoa 7021-T61 25 u,d Alcoa 7029-T5 24 u,d Alcoa 7029-T6 24 u,d Alcoa 7129-T5 24 u,d Alcoa 7129-T6 24 u,d Aluminum X7005-Annealed 25 u,d Aluminum X7005-Annealed and age 22 u,d Hardened 7005-O (A97005) 25 t,d 7005-T53 (A97005) 22 t,d 7005-T5351 (A97005) 22 t,d 7005-T6 (A97005) 20.3 t,d 7005-T63 (A97005) 22 t,d 7005-T6351 (A97005) 22 t,d 7021-T61 (A97021) 25 t,d 7029-T5 (A97029) 24 t,d 7029-T6 (A97029) 24 t,d 7039 (A97039) 19 to 23 t,d 7049 (A97049) 23 t,d 7049-T73 (A97049) 23 t,d 7049-T73 (A97049) 23 t 7050-O (A97050) 27 t,d 7050-T736 (A97050) 23.5 t,d 7050-T73651 (A97050) 23.5 t,d 7050-T74 (A97050) 24 t 7050-T74 (A97050) 24 t,d 7050-T76 (A97050) 22.9 t,d
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
3 1 8 8 3 1 1 3 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1
32.77 u 35.90 u 43 u 42 u 42 u 42 u 42 u 43 u 38 u
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66
43 t 38 38 t 35 t 38 t 38 t 43 t 42 t 42 t 32 to 40 t 40 t 40 t 40 t,d 47 t 40.5 t 40.5 t 41 t,d 41 t 39.5 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Auto bumper Auto bumper Auto bumper Auto bumper Auto bumper Sheet, extrusion, plate, tube Sheet, extrusion, plate, tube
T74 previously T73 and T736 T74 previously T73 and T736
T74 previously T73 and T736 T74 previously T73 and T736
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
8 8 8 8 8 8 54 54 54 8 8 1 3 8 8 8 3 1 8
18 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Aluminum, Wrought, 7xxx Aluminum Zinc 7050-T7651 (A97050) 22.9 t,d 7072-O (A97072) 34 t,d 7072-O (A97072) 34 t 7075-T6 (A97075) 19 t 7075-T6 (A97075) 19 t,d 7075-T62 (A97075) 19 t,d 7075-T651 (A97075) 19 t,d 7075-T652 (A97075) 19 t,d 7075-T73 (A97075) 23 t,d 7075-T7351 (A97075) 23 t,d 7075-T7352 (A97075) 23 t,d 7075-T76 (A97075) 22.3 t,d 7075-T7651 (A97075) 22.3 t,d 7076 (A97076) 20.3 t,d 7116-T5 (A97116) 27 t,d 7129-T5 (A97129) 24 t,d 7129-T6 (A97129) 24 t,d 7175-O (A97175) 27 t,d 7175-T66 (A97175) 21 t,d 7175-T736 (A97175) 23 t,d 7175-T74 (A97175) 23 t 7175-T7652 (A97175) 23 t,d 7178-O (A97178) 27 t,d 7178-T6 (A97178) 18 t,d 7178-T6 (A97178) 19 t,d 7178-T6 (A97178) 18 t 7178-T651 (A97178) 19 t,d 7178-T76 (A97178) 23 t,d 7178-T7651 (A97178) 23 t,d 7475-O (A97475) 27 t,d 7475-T61 (A97475) 21 t,d 7475-T61 (A97475) 20 t 7475-T651 (A97475) 21 t,d 7475-T651 (A97475) 20 t 7475-T7351 (A97475) 24 t 7475-T7351 (A97475) 24 t,d 7475-T76 (A97475) 23 t 7475-T761 (A97475) 23 t,d 7475-T761 (A97475) 23 t 7475-T7651 (A97475) 23 t,d
39.5 t 59 t 59 t,d 33 t,d 33 t 33 t 33 t 33 t 40 t 40 t 40 t 38.5 t 38.5 t 35 t 46 t 42 t 42 t 46 t 36 t 40 t 40 t,d 40 t 46 t 31 t 32 t 31 t,d 32 t 39 t 39 t 46 t 36 t 34 t,d 36 t 34 t,d 41 t,d 42 t 40 t,d 40 t 40 t,d 40 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
8 1 3 3 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 54 54 54 8 8 8 3 8 8 1 8 3 8 8 8 8 8 3 8 3 3 8 3 8 3 8
Aluminum, Wrought, 8xxx Aluminum-Other Elements 8017-H12 (A98017) 34 t 8017-H212 (A98017) 35 t 8017-H212 (A98017) 35 t,d 8017-H22 (A98017) 34 t 8030-H221 (A98030) 35 t,d 8030-H221 (A98030) 35 t 8090 (A98090) 10 to 11 t,d
59 t,d 60 t,d 61 t 59 t,d 61 t 60 t,d 17 to 19 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68
3 3 1 3 1 3 11
Al-Li alloy
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
High Conductivity Materials / 19
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Aluminum, Wrought, 8xxx Aluminum-Other Elements 8176-H24 (A98176) 35 t,d 61 t 8176-H24 (A98176) 35 t 60 t,d
20 20
68 68
Copper, Cast, Aluminum Bronze Ampco Metal 12 Ampco Metal 16 Ampco Metal 18 Ampco Metal 20 Ampco Metal 21
Notes
Reference
1 3
7.5 u,d 7.5 u,d 7.5 u,d 6.4 u,d 5.8 u,d
13 u 13 u 13 u 11 u 10.0 u
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
Ampcoloy 495
2 u,d
3u
20
68
Atlantic 25 Aur-O-Met 57-Annealed Elkaloy D Elkaloy D110 Elkaloy D120 Elkaloy D130 ASTM B148 C95200 (C95200) C95200 (C95200) ASTM B148 C95300 (C95300) C95300 (C95300) ASTM B148 C95400 (C95400) ASTM B148 C95400HT (C95400) C95400-As cast (C95400) C95400-TQ50 (C95400) Continuous Cast Aluminum Bronze (C95400) ASTM B148 C95410 (C95410) ASTM B148 C95410HT (C95410) ASTM B148 C95500 (C95500) ASTM B148 C95500HT (C95500) C95500-As cast (C95500) C95500-TQ50 (C95500) ASTM B148 C95600 (C95600) ASTM B148 C95700 (C95700) C95700-Annealed, fast cooled (C95700) C95700-As cast (C95700) ASTM B148 C95800 (C95800) C95800 (C95800)
5.2 approx,d 7.0 u,d 10 t,d 7 t,d 6 t,d 5 t,d 7.07 t,d 7.0 u,d 8.9 t,d 7.5 u,d 7.54 t,d 7.19 t,d 7.5 u,d 7.5 u,d 7.5 nom,d
9 approx 12 u 18 t 12 t 10 t 9t 12.2 t 12 u 15.3 t 13 u 13.0 t 12.4 t 13 u 13 u 13 nom
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Sand casting Casting Sand casting Casting Sand casting Sand casting Casting Casting Continuous cast
66 66 58 58 58 58 22 16 22 16 22 22 16 16 66
7.54 t,d 5.9 t,d 5.1 t,d 4.9 t,d 4.93 u,d 4.93 u,d 4.9 t,d 1.8 t,d 1.8 u,d
13.0 t 10.2 t 8.8 t 8.4 t 8.5 u 8.5 u 8.5 t 3.1 t 3.1 u
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Sand casting Sand casting Sand casting Sand casting Sand casting Sand casting Sand casting Sand casting Sand casting
22 22 22 22 16 16 22 22 16
1.8 u,d 4.1 t,d 4.1 u,d
3.1 u 7.0 t 7.1 u
20 20 20
68 68 68
Sand casting Sand casting Sand casting
16 22 16
10.4 u,d 26 to 29 u,d 26 to 29 u,d 26 to 29 u,d 12 to 14.5 u,d
18 u 45 to 50 u 45 to 50 u 45 to 50 u 20 to 25 u
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
Contact blades, switches, soldering iron tips Switches, contacts Switches, contacts
66 66 66 66 66
12 to 14.5 u,d
20 to 25 u
20
68
Copper, Cast, Beryllium Copper Belmont 4977-Heat treated Berylco 10Cr-Annealed and hardened Brush Casting 10C (C82000) Brush Casting 3C (C82000) Brush Casting 165C-Age hardened (C82400) Brush Casting 165CT-Age hardened (C82400)
Sand and centrifugal casting Sand and centrifugal casting Sand and centrifugal casting, extrusions Sand and centrifugal casting Sand casting, centrifugal casting, and wrought stock Sand and centrifugal casting, bar, rod, forging, sheet, strip, plate, and welding wire Plaster-mold and planar investment castings Die casting
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
66 66 66 66 66 66
66
20 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number) Copper, Cast, Beryllium Copper C82400-Age hardened (C82400) Brush Casting 20CT (C82500) Brush Casting 20C (C82500) Brush Casting 21C-Age hardened (C82510) Brush Casting 245C-Age hardened (C82600) Brush Casting 245CT-Age hardened (C82600) C82600-Age hardened (C82600) Brush Casting 275C (C82800) Brush Casting 275CT (C82800)
10
6
S/m
Notes
Reference
14.5 u,d 10.4 to 14.5 u,d 10.4 to 14.5 u,d 10.4 to 14.5 u,d
25 u 18 to 25 u 18 to 25 u 18 to 25 u
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
16 66 66 66
10.4 to 13 u,d
18 to 23 u
20
68
66
10.4 to 13 u,d
18 to 23 u
20
68
66
11 u,d 10 to 13 u,d 10 to 13 u,d
19 u 17 to 23 u 17 to 23 u
20 20 20
68 68 68
92 u
20
68
12 t,d 41 t,d 49 t,d 23 to 29 u,d 46 u,d
20 t 70 t 85 t 40 to 50 u 80 u
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
24 to 28 u,d
42 to 48 u
20
68
27.8 t,d 27.8 u,d 27.8 u,d 27.8 t,d 27.8 u,d 27.8 t,d 11.6 u,d 11.6 t,d 10.4 t,d 10 u,d
48 t 48 u 48 u 48 t 48 u 48 t 20 u 20 t 18 t 18 u
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Casting alloy Casting alloy Casting alloy Casting alloy Casting alloy Casting alloy Casting alloy Casting alloy Casting alloy Casting alloy
81 16 16 81 16 81 16 81 81 16
12.4 t 15.0 t 15 u 10.1 t 10.1 u 11.6 t 11.6 t 11.5 u 9.0 t 9.0 t 9u 10.0 t 10 u 10.0 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Sand Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting Casting Sand Casting Casting Casting Sand Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting
22 22 16 22 16 22 22 16 22 22 16 22 16 22
Copper, Cast, Commercially Pure Copper C81100 (C81100) 53.4 u,d Copper, Cast, High Copper CMW 73 C81400-Heat treated (C81400) C81500-Heat treated (C81500) C81500-Heat treated (C81500) C81500-Precipitation hardened (C81500) C81540-Precipitation hardened (C81540) C81800-Heat treated (C81800) C81800-Heat treated (C81800) C82000-Heat treated (C82000) C82000-Heat treated (C82000) C82200-Heat treated (C82200) C82200-Heat treated (C82200) C82500-Heat treated (C82500) C82500-Heat treated (C82500) C82800-Heat treated (C82800) C82800-Heat treated (C82800)
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Copper, Cast, High Leaded Tin Bronze Copper ASTM B584 C93200 (C93200) 7.19 t,d ASTM B584 C93500 (C93500) 8.70 t,d C93500 (C93500) 8.7 u,d ASTM B584 C93700 (C93700) 5.9 t,d C93700 (C93700) 5.9 u,d ASTM B584 C93800 (C93800) 6.73 t,d ASTM B66 C93800 (C93800) 6.73 t,d C93800 (C93800) 6.67 u,d ASTM B584 C94300 (C94300) 5.2 t,d ASTM B66 C94300 (C94300) 5.2 t,d C94300 (C94300) 5.2 u,d ASTM B66 C94400 (C94400) 5.8 t,d C94400 (C94400) 5.8 u,d ASTM B66 C94500 (C94500) 5.8 t,d
Castings Castings
16 66 66 16
Cu-Be Casting alloy Casting alloy Casting alloy. Solution heat treated
58 81 81 16 65 65
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
High Conductivity Materials / 21
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Copper, Cast, Leaded Manganese Bronze ASTM B584 C86400 (C86400) 11.2 t,d ASTM B584 C86700 (C86700) 9.7 t,d
19.3 t 16.7 t
20 20
68 68
Sand Casting Sand Casting
22 22
Copper, Cast, Leaded Red Brass ASTM B584 C83450 (C83450) ASTM B584 C83600 (C83600) ASTM B62 C83600 (C83600) C83600 (C83600) ASTM B584 C83800 (C83800) C83800 (C83800)
11.6 t,d 8.8 t,d 8.70 t,d 8.7 u,d 8.9 t,d 8.7 u,d
20.0 t 15.1 t 15.0 t 15 u 15.3 t 15 u
20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68
Sand Casting Sand Casting Casting Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting
22 22 22 16 22 16
Copper, Cast, Leaded Tin Bronze ASTM B584 C87610 (C87610) ASTM B584 C92200 (C92200) C92200 (C92200) ASTM B584 C92300 (C92300) ASTM B584 C92600 (C92600) C93900 (C93900)
3.5 t,d 8.29 t,d 8.29 u,d 7.13 t,d 5.8 t,d 6.67 u,d
6.1 t 14.3 t 14.3 u 12.3 t 10.0 t 11.5 u
20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68
Sand Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting
22 22 16 22 22 16
Copper, Cast, Leaded Tin Bronze Copper Bearium Metal B-10 5.3 ave,d Bearium Metal B-4 8.56 ave,d Bearium Metal B-8 6.03 ave,d Bunting Alloy 72 6.3 to 7.0 approx,d ASTM B61 C92200 (C92200) 8.29 t,d
9.1 ave 14.8 ave 10.4 ave 11 to 12 approx 14.3 t
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
66 66 66 66
20
68
Sand and centrifugal castings Sand and centrifugal castings Sand and centrifugal castings Sand, centrifugal, continous and investment castings Casting
Copper, Cast, Leaded Yellow Brass ASTM B584 C85200 (C85200) C85200 (C85200) ASTM B584 C85400 (C85400) C85400 (C85400) ASTM B584 C85700 (C85700) C85700 (C85700) ASTM B176 C85800 (C85800) C85800 (C85800)
10.8 t,d 10.8 u,d 11.4 t,d 11.4 u,d 12.6 t,d 12.8 u,d 12.8 t,d 12.8 u,d
18.6 t 18.6 u 19.6 t 19.6 u 21.8 t 22 u 22.0 t 22 u
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Sand Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting Die casting Die casting
22 16 22 16 22 16 22 16
Copper, Cast, Manganese Bronze Atlantic 31 Atlantic 8A C86100 (C86100) ASTM B584 C86200 (C86200) C86200 (C86200) ASTM B22 C86300 (C86300) ASTM B584 C86300 (C86300) C86300 (C86300) ASTM B584 C86500 (C86500) C86500 (C86500)
5 approx,d 15 approx,d 4.35 u,d 4.3 t,d 4.35 u,d 4.6 t,d 4.6 t,d 5.2 u,d 11.9 t,d 11.9 u,d
8 approx 25 approx 7.5 u 7.4 t 7.5 u 8.0 t 8.0 t 9u 20.5 t 20.5 u
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Plaster-mold and planar investment castings Plaster-mold and planar investment castings Sand Casting Sand Casting Casting Sand Casting Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting
66 66 16 22 16 22 22 16 22 16
Copper, Cast, Nickel Silver ASTM B584 C97300 (C97300) ASTM B584 C97600 (C97600) ASTM B584 C97800 (C97800)
3.4 t,d 2.8 t,d 2.6 t,d
5.9 t 4.8 t 4.5 t
20 20 20
68 68 68
Sand Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting
22 22 22
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
22
22 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number) Copper, Cast, Nickel Tin Bronze ASTM B584 C94700 (C94700) ASTM B584 C94700(HT) (C94700) C94700-Precipitation hardened (C94700) ASTM B584 C94800 (C94800)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
6.67 t,d 8.56 t,d 8.7 u,d
11.5 t 14.8 t 15 u
20 20 20
68 68 68
Sand Casting Sand Casting
22 22 65
6.96 t,d
12.0 t
20
68
Sand Casting
22
Copper, Cast, Phosphor Bronze Bunting No. 156
5.9 u,d
10.1 u
20
68
Centrifugal, chill or sand casting
66
Copper, Cast, Semi-Red Brass ASTM B584 C84400 (C84400) C84400 (C84400) ASTM B584 C84800 (C84800) C84800 (C84800)
9.7 t,d 9.51 u,d 9.5 t,d 9.51 u,d
16.8 t 16.4 u 16.4 t 16.4 u
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
Sand Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting
22 16 22 16
Copper, Cast, Silicon Brass ASTM B584 C87400 (C87400) ASTM B584 C87500 (C87500) C87500 (C87500) ASTM B584 C87600 (C87600)
3.9 t,d 3.5 t,d 3.89 u,d 4.6 t,d
6.7 t 6.1 t 6.7 u 8.0 t
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
Sand Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting
22 22 16 22
Copper, Cast, Silicon Bronze Atlantic 13B ASTM B176 C87800 (C87800) C87800 (C87800)
3 approx,d 3.8 t,d 3.89 u,d
6 approx 6.5 t 6.7 u
20 20 20
68 68 68
Plaster-mold and planar investment castings Die casting Die casting
66 22 16
Copper, Cast, Silicon Copper ASTM B584 C87300 (C87300) C87300 (C87300)
3.5 t,d 3.89 u,d
6.1 t 6.7 u
20 20
68 68
Sand Casting Sand Casting
22 16
Copper, Cast, Tin Bronze ASTM B584 C90300 (C90300) ASTM B22 C90500 (C90500) ASTM B584 C90500 (C90500) C90500 (C90500) C90700 (C90700) ASTM B22 C91100 (C91100) ASTM B22 C91300 (C91300) C91700 (C91700)
7.19 t,d 6.32 t,d 6.32 t,d 6.4 u,d 5.57 u,d 4.9 t,d 4.1 t,d 5.8 u,d
12.4 t 10.9 t 10.9 t 11 u 9.6 u 8.5 t 7.0 t 10 u
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Sand Casting Casting Sand Casting Casting
22 22 22 16 16 22 22 16
Casting Casting
Copper, Cast, Unclassified CMW 3 C99400-Precipitation hardened (C99400) ASTM B176 C99700 (C99700)
46 t,d 9.9 u,d
80 t 17 u
20 20
68 68
Cu-Cr
58 65
1.7 t,d
3.0 t
20
68
Die casting
22
Copper, Cast, Unclassified Bronze Asarco Bronwite
11.2 u,d
2.0 u
20
68
Sand casting, permanent mold casting, die casting, investment cast, and ingot
66
28 min,as spec 30 nom 61 nom 60 min,as spec
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
Cable shielding, CCS or CAS Cable shielding, CCS or CAS Cable shielding, CCS or CAS Cable shielding, CCS or CAS
51 51 51 51
Copper, Miscellaneous, Copper-Clad Steel ASTM B624 16/68/16 16 min,d ASTM B624 16/68/16 17 nom,d ASTM B624 33.3/33.3/33.3 35 nom,d ASTM B624 33.3/33.3/33.3 35 min,d
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
High Conductivity Materials / 23
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Copper, Miscellaneous, Instrument and Control 67Cu5Ni27Mn 1.04 u,d 70Cu20Ni10Mn 2.1 u,d 83Cu13Mn4Ni(manganin) 2.0 u,d 85Cu10Mn4Ni(shunt manganin) 2.6 u,d 87Cu13Mn(manganin) 2.0 u,d
1.8 u 3.6 u 3.5 u 4.5 u 3.5 u
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
65 65 65 65 65
Copper, Miscellaneous, Thermocouple 55Cu45Ni(constantan) 2.0 u,d 78Cu22Ni 3.3 u,d 89Cu11Ni 6.4 u,d 94Cu6Ni 9.9 u,d 98Cu2Ni 20.3 u,d
3.5 u 5.7 u 11 u 17 u 35 u
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
65 65 65 65 65
Copper, Welding filler copper Ampcotrode 182 Copper-trode
31 u,d 23 u,d
53 u 40 u
20 20
68 68
Weld filler for high conductivity
66 66
Copper, Wrought, Aluminum Bronze Alronze Ambraloy 901 Ambraloy 917 Ambraloy 928-Annealed Ampco Metal 8 Ampcoloy 45 Bridgeport 712-Soft Copper No. 630 Coronze 638
6.09 u,d 9.9 u,d 4.35 u,d 8.70 u,d 8.1 u,d 5.2 u,d 7.0 u,d 4.35 u,d 6 u,d
10.5 u 17.0 u 7.5 u 15.0 u 14 u 9u 12 u 7.5 u 10 u
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Strip, electrical contacts Sheet, strip, plate, wire, rod, bar, and tube Rod, bar, plate, and die pressed forgings Sheet, strip, plate, rod, bar and wire Rolled plate, sheet, extrusion Extruded and forged bar Strip, tube, rod, and wire Bar, rod, plate, sheet, and tube Sheet, strip, wire, welded tube produced from strip
66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66
9.9 t,d 8.7 u,d 7.0 t,d 8.12 t,d 7.0 t,d 7.0 t,d 5.8 t,d 5.2 t,d 4.0 t,d 6 fio 8.7 t,d
17 t 15 u 12 t 14 t 12 t 12 t 10 t 9t 7t 10 fio 15 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
17 to 21 u 22 u 20 to 60 u
20 20 20
68 68 68
C60800 (C60800) Ambraloy 610-Annealed (C61000) C61300 (C61300) C61400 (C61400) C62300 (C62300) C62400 (C62400) C62500 (C62500) C63000 (C63000) C63200 (C63200) ASTM B422 C63800 (C63800) C63800 (C63800)
Copper, Wrought, Beryllium Copper 2Be + Ni or Co 9.9 to 12.2 u,d Berylco 33-25-Precipitation hardened 13 u,d Brush 10 11.6 to 25 u,d Brush 190 Brush M25-Precipitation hardened
11.6 to 16.2 u,d 12.8 to 14.5 u,d
20 to 28 u 22 to 25 u
20 20
68 68
CMW 100 CMW 73 Copper No. 170 Copper No. 172-Heat treated
28 t,d 13 t,d 12.8 to 17.4 u,d 16 to 19 u,d
48 t 23 t 22 to 30 u 28 to 33 u
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
Rod, wire
Sheet and strip
Contact material Rod, wire, tube Billet, forging, casting, ingot, rod, bar, plate, wire, strip, and fabricated shapes Strip Rod and bar, connectors, electrical and electronic components Cu-Be Strip Strip, wire, rod
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
15 66 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 44 59 65 66 66 66 66 58 58 66 66
24 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number) Copper, Wrought, Beryllium Copper C17000-As cast (C17000) C17000-Cast and aged (C17000) C17000-Precipitation hardened (C17000) C17000-TB00 (C17000) C17000-TB00 (C17000) C17000-TB00 (C17000) C17000-TB00 (C17000) C17000-TD01 (C17000) C17000-TD02 (C17000) C17000-TD04 (C17000) C17000-TD04 (C17000) C17000-TD04 (C17000) C17000-TD04 (C17000)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
9.3 to 13 t,d 10.4 to 13 t,d 12.8 u,d
16 to 22 t 18 to 23 t 22 u
20 20 20
68 68 68
Billet Billet
15 15 65
10 to 11 t,d 7.5 to 10 t,d 10 to 11 t,d 10 to 11 t,d 9.3 to 10.4 t,d 8.7 to 10 t,d 8.7 to 10 t,d 8.7 to 10 t,d 8.7 to 10 t,d 8.7 to 10 t,d
17 to 19 t 13 to 18 t 17 to 19 t 17 to 19 t 16 to 18 t 15 to 17 t 15 to 17 t 15 to 17 t 15 to 17 t 15 to 17 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
C17000-TF00 (C17000) C17000-TF00 (C17000) C17000-TF00 (C17000) C17000-TF00 (C17000) C17000-TH04 (C17000)
13 to 15 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 10.4 to 14.5 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 13 to 15 t,d
22 to 25 t 22 to 25 t 18 to 25 t 22 to 25 t 22 to 25 t
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
C17000-TH04 (C17000) C17000-TH04 (C17000) C17000-THxx (C17000) C17000-TMxx (C17000) Wellman Alloy 165HT-TH04 (C17000) Wellman Alloy 165A-TB00 (C17000) Wellman Alloy 165AT-TF00 (C17000) Wellman Alloy 165H-TD04 (C17000) Brushform 290 (C17200) C17200-Age hardened (C17200) C17200-As cast (C17200) C17200-Cast and aged (C17200) C17200-M20 (C17200) C17200-Precipitation hardened (C17200) C17200-TB00 (C17200) C17200-TB00 (C17200) C17200-TB00 (C17200) C17200-TB00 (C17200) C17200-TB00 (C17200) C17200-TD01 (C17200) C17200-TD02 (C17200) C17200-TD04 (C17200) C17200-TD04 (C17200) C17200-TD04 (C17200) C17200-TF00 (C17200) C17200-TF00 (C17200)
13 to 15 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 12 to 19 t,d 12.8 to 16.2 t,d
22 to 25 t 22 to 25 t 22 to 25 t 20 to 33 t 22 to 28 t
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
Forging Billet Strip Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Strip Strip Rod, bar, plate, tubing, t < 10 mm (0.375 in.) Strip Rod, bar, plate, tubing, t > 25 mm (1 in.) Rod, bar, plate, tubing, 10 mm (0.375 in.) <= t < 25 mm (1 in.) Strip Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Billet Forging Rod, bar, plate, tubing, 10 mm (0.375 in.) <= t < 25 mm (1 in.) Rod, bar, plate, tubing, t > 25 mm (1 in.) Rod, bar, plate, tubing, t < 10 mm (0.375 in.) Strip Strip Rod, bar
8.7 to 11 t,d 13 to 16 t,d 8.7 to 11 t,d 10 to 15 emp,d 12.8 t,d 9.3 to 13 t,d 10.4 to 13 t,d 9.9 t,d 12.8 u,d
15 to 19 t 22 to 28 t 15 to 19 t 17 to 26 emp 22 t 16 to 22 t 18 to 23 t 17 t 22 u
20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68
10 to 11 t,d 10 to 11 t,d 7.5 to 10 t,d 10 to 11 t,d 10 to 11 t,d 9.3 to 10.4 t,d 8.7 to 10 t,d 8.7 to 10 t,d 8.7 to 10 t,d 8.7 to 10 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 13 to 9 t,d
17 to 19 t 17 to 19 t 13 to 18 t 17 to 19 t 17 to 19 t 16 to 18 t 15 to 17 t 15 to 17 t 15 to 17 t 15 to 17 t 22 to 25 t 22 to 25 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
RT RT RT
Bar, plate Bar, plate Bar, plate Current carrying springs Billet Billet
Strip Wire Billet Forging Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Strip Strip Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Strip Wire Wire Strip
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 13 13 13 13 66 59 15 15 59 65 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
High Conductivity Materials / 25
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number) Copper, Wrought, Beryllium Copper C17200-TF00 (C17200) C17200-TF00 (C17200) C17200-TF00 (C17200) C17200-TH04 (C17200) C17200-TH04 (C17200) C17200-Thermal hardening (C17200) C17200-THxx (C17200) C17200-TMxx (C17200) Olin 172-Heat treated (C17200) Olin 172-Mill hardened (C17200) Olin 172-Precipitation hardened (C17200) Wellman Alloy 25A-TB00 (C17200) Wellman Alloy 25AT-TF00 (C17200) Wellman Alloy 25H-TD04 (C17200) Wellman Alloy 25HT-TH04 (C17200) C17300-As cast (C17300) C17300-Cast and aged (C17300) C17300-Precipitation hardened (C17300) C17300-TB00 (C17300) C17300-TB00 (C17300) C17300-TB00 (C17300) C17300-TB00 (C17300) C17300-TB00 (C17300) C17300-TD01 (C17300) C17300-TD02 (C17300) C17300-TD04 (C17300) C17300-TD04 (C17300) C17300-TD04 (C17300) C17300-TF00 (C17300) C17300-TF00 (C17300) C17300-TF00 (C17300) C17300-TF00 (C17300) C17300-TF00 (C17300) C17300-TH04 (C17300) C17300-TH04 (C17300) C17300-THxx (C17300) C17300-TMxx (C17300) Wellman Alloy M25A-TB00 (C17300) Wellman Alloy M25AT-TF00 (C17300) Wellman Alloy M25H-TD04 (C17300) Wellman Alloy M25HT-TH04 (C17300) Brush Alloy 174 (C17410)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
13 to 15 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 10.4 to 14.5 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 13 u,d 13 to 15 t,d 12 to 16 t,d 12.8 min,d 9.9 min,d 9.9 to 17.4 u,d
22 to 25 t 22 to 25 t 18 to 25 t 22 to 25 t 22 to 25 t 22 u 22 to 25 t 20 to 28 t 22 min 17 min 17 to 30 u
8.7 to 11 t,d 13 to 16 t,d 8.7 to 11 t,d 13 to 16 t,d 9.3 to 13 t,d 10.4 to 13 t,d 12.8 u,d
15 to 19 t 22 to 28 t 15 to 19 t 22 to 28 t 16 to 22 t 18 to 23 t 22 u
20 20 20
68 68 68
10 to 11 t,d 10 to 11 t,d 10 to 11 t,d 7.5 to 10 t,d 10 to 11 t,d 9.3 to 10.4 t,d 8.7 to 10 t,d 8.7 to 10 t,d 8.7 to 10 t,d 8.7 to 10 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 10.4 to 14.5 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 12 to 16 t,d 8.7 to 11.0 t,d 12.8 to 16.2 t,d
17 to 19 t 17 to 19 t 17 to 19 t 13 to 18 t 17 to 19 t 16 to 18 t 15 to 17 t 15 to 17 t 15 to 17 t 15 to 17 t 22 to 25 t 22 to 25 t 18 to 25 t 22 to 25 t 22 to 25 t 22 to 25 t 22 to 25 t 22 to 25 t 20 to 28 t 15 to 19 t 22 to 28 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
8.7 to 11.0 t,d 12.8 to 16.2 t,d
15 to 19 t 22 to 28 t
26.1 u
45 u
ASTM B441 C17500-TB00 (C17500) 12 min,d ASTM B441 C17500-TD04 (C17500) 12 min,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Notes
Reference
Forging Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Billet Wire Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Electrical connector Strip Strip Contact bridges, bolts, screws Contact bridges, bolts, screws Contact bridges, bolts, screws
15 15 15 15 15 17 15 15 66 66 66
Bar, plate Bar, plate Bar, plate Bar, plate Billet Billet
13 13 13 13 15 15 65
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Wire Strip Billet Forging Strip Strip Strip Wire Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Strip Forging Billet Wire Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Wire Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Strip Strip Rod, bar Rod, bar
15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 13 13
20 20
68 68
Rod, bar Rod, bar
13 13
20
68
66
20 min,as spec 20 20 min,as spec 20
68 68
For computer connectors, automotive contact materials, and appliances Rod and bar Rod and bar
RT RT RT RT
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
45 45
26 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number) Copper, Wrought, Beryllium Copper ASTM B441 C17500-TF00 (C17500) ASTM B441 C17500-TH04 (C17500) ASTM B534 C17500-TF00 (C17500) ASTM B534 C17500-TH02 (C17500) ASTM B534 C17500-TH04 (C17500) ASTM B534 C17500-TM02 (C17500) C17500-H04 (C17500) C17500-H04 (C17500) C17500-HTC (C17500) C17500-HTC (C17500) C17500-Precipitation hardened (C17500) C17500-TB00 (C17500) C17500-TB00 (C17500) C17500-TB00 (C17500) C17500-TF00 (C17500) C17500-TF00 (C17500) C17500-TF00 (C17500) C17500-TH04 (C17500) C17500-TH04 (C17500) Olin 175-Precipitation hardened (C17500) Wellman Alloy 10A-TB00 (C17500) Wellman Alloy 10AT-TF00 (C17500) Wellman Alloy 10H-TD04 (C17500) Wellman Alloy 10HT-TH04 (C17500) ASTM B441 C17510-TB00 (C17510) ASTM B441 C17510-TD04 (C17510) ASTM B441 C17510-TF00 (C17510) ASTM B441 C17510-TH04 (C17510) ASTM B534 C17500-TM04 (C17510) ASTM B534 C17510-TF00 (C17510) ASTM B534 C17510-TH02 (C17510) ASTM B534 C17510-TH04 (C17510) ASTM B534 C17510-TM02 (C17510) ASTM B534 C17510-TM04 (C17510) Olin 17510-Precipitation hardened (C17510) Olin 17510-TF00 (C17510) Olin 17510-TH04 (C17510) Wellman Alloy 3A-TB00 (C17510) Wellman Alloy 3AT-TF00 (C17510) Wellman Alloy 3H-TD04 (C17510) Wellman Alloy 3HT-TH04 (C17510) Berylco 7 (C17530) C17600-As cast (C17600) C17600-Cast and aged (C17600) C17600-H04 (C17600)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
26 min,d 28 min,d 26 min,d 28 min,d 28 min,d 29 min,d 12 to 17 t,d 12 to 17 t,d 35 t,min,d 26 to 35 t,d 28 u,d
45 min,as spec 48 min,as spec 45 min as spec 48 min as spec 48 min as spec 50 min as spec 20 to 30 t 20 to 30 t 60 t,min 45 to 60 t 48 u
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Rod and bar Rod and bar Rod and bar Rod and bar Rod and bar Rod and bar Strip Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Strip Strip
45 45 49 49 49 49 15 15 15 15 65
12 to 17 t,d 12 to 17 t,d 12 to 17 t,d 26 to 35 t,d 26 to 35 t,d 26 to 35 t,d 29 to 35 t,d 29 to 35 t,d 26.1 to 34.8 u,d
20 to 30 t 20 to 30 t 20 to 30 t 45 to 60 t 45 to 60 t 45 to 60 t 50 to 60 t 50 to 60 t 45 to 60 u
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Strip Forging Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Strip Forging Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Strip Fuse clips, springs, switches, connectors
15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 66
11.6 to 17.4 t,d 26.1 to 34.8 t,d 11.6 to 17.4 t,d 27.8 to 34.8 t,d 12 min,d 12 min,d 26 min,d 28 min,d 29 min,d 26 min,d 28 min,d 28 min,d 29 min,d 29 min,d 26.1 to 34.8 u,d
20 to 30 t 45 to 60 t 20 to 30 t 48 to 60 t 20 min,as spec 20 min,as spec 45 min,as spec 48 min,as spec 50 min as spec 45 min as spec 48 min as spec 48 min as spec 50 min as spec 50 min as spec 45 to 60 u
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Rod, bar Rod, bar Rod, bar Rod, bar Rod and bar Rod and bar Rod and bar Rod and bar Rod and bar Rod and bar Rod and bar Rod and bar Rod and bar Rod and bar Fuse clips, switch parts, electrical connectors
13 13 13 13 45 45 45 45 49 49 49 49 49 49 66
26.1 min,d 27.8 min,d 11.6 to 17.4 t,d 26.1 to 34.8 t,d 11.6 to 17.4 t,d 27.8 to 34.8 t,d 22 u,d 19 to 21 t,d 23 to 29 t,d 12 to 17 t,d
45 min 48 min 20 to 30 t 45 to 60 t 20 to 30 t 48 to 60 t 38 u 32 to 37 t 40 to 50 t 20 to 30 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Fuse clips, switch parts, electrical connectors Fuse clips, switch parts, electrical connectors Rod, bar Rod, bar Rod, bar Rod, bar
66 66 13 13 13 13 66 15 15 15
Billet Billet Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
High Conductivity Materials / 27
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Copper, Wrought, Beryllium Copper C17600-Precipitation hardened (C17600) C17600-TB00 (C17600) C17600-TB00 (C17600) C17600-TB00 (C17600) C17600-TF00 (C17600) C17600-TF00 (C17600) C17600-TF00 (C17600) C17600-TH04 (C17600)
28 u,d
48 u
20
68
12 to 17 t,d 12 to 17 t,d 13 to 16 t,d 29 to 35 t,d 26 to 35 t,d 29 to 35 t,d 29 to 35 t,d
20 to 30 t 20 to 30 t 22 to 28 t 50 to 60 t 45 to 60 t 50 to 60 t 50 to 60 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Forging Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Billet Forging Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Billet Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes
15 15 15 15 15 15 15
Copper, Wrought, Brass Bridgeport 54-Annealed Bridgeport 77-Annealed Anaconda 210-Annealed (C21000) C21000 (C21000) Anaconda 220-Annealed (C22000) C22000 (C22000) C22000 (C22000) Anaconda 230-Soft annealed (C23000) C23000 (C23000) C23000 (C23000) C24000 (C24000) C24000-O61 (C24000) Anaconda 260-Annealed (C26000) C26000 (C26000) C26000-Hardened by rolling (C26000) C26000-O61 (C26000) Anaconda 268-Annealed (C26800) Anaconda 280-Annealed (C28000)
13 u,d 16 u,d 32 u,d 11.6 t,d 24.9 u,d 29 t,d 25.5 t,d 21 u,d 32.5 t,d 21.5 t,d 25.5 t,d 18.6 t,d 16 u,d 21.5 t,d 16 u,d 16.2 t,d 15 u,d 16.5 u,d
23 u 28 u 56 u 20 t 43.0 u 50 t 44 t 37 u 56 t 37 t 44 t 32 t 28 u 37 t 28 u 28 t 26 u 28.4 u
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Tube Tube and pipe Electrical equipment and connectors
66 66 66 59 66 59 15 66 59 15 59 15 66 59 17 15 66 66
23.20 min,d
40.00 min
20
68
78
31.90 min,d
55.00 min
20
68
78
46.40 min,d
80.00 min
20
68
78
6.96 u,d 8.7 u,d 23 min,d
12.0 u 20 15 u 20 40 min,as spec 20
68 68 68
Extrusion and forging FM-103 Magnatester Cable shielding
66 12 51
90 approx 96.16 min
20 20
68 68
Ingot, billet, forging 1.024 mm (0.0403 in.) <= d < 08.255 mm (0.325 in.) 8.255 mm (0.325 in.) <= d < 11.684 mm (0.460 in.) Electrolytic cathode
66 75
1.024 mm (0.0403 in.) <= d < 08.255 mm (0.325 in.)
76
Copper, Wrought, Bronze ASTM B9 Bronze Trolly Wire Alloy 40 ASTM B9 Bronze Trolly Wire Alloy 55 ASTM B9 Bronze Trolly Wire Alloy 80 Bohnolloy R-57-Annealed Bronze (5% Sn) ASTM B624 C22000 (C22000)
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper Ampcoloy 910-Annealed 52 approx,d ASTM B1 Hard-Drawn Copper Wire 55.77 min,d ASTM B1 Hard-Drawn Copper Wire
56.35 min,d
97.16 min
20
68
ASTM B115 Grade 2
58.00 min,d
20
68
ASTM B2 Medium-HardDrawn Copper Wire
56.06 min,d
100.0 min,as spec 96.66 min
20
68
65
Sheet, strip, plate, wire, rod, bar, and tube Annealed Cable grips, connectors Annealed
Lamp sockets Electrical connector Clips, lamp sockets Muntz metal, sheet, extruded shapes, plate, rod, bar, and tube
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
75 31
28 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B2 Medium-HardDrawn 56.64 min,d Copper Wire ASTM B272-H04 56.35 min,d
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
97.66 min
20
68
97.16 min,as spec 100.00 min,as spec 100.00 min
20
Reference
76
68
8.255 mm (0.325 in.) <= d < 11.684 mm (0.460 in.) Flat wire, strip
20
68
Flat wire, strip
38
20
68 68
54.03 min,d
939.51 max,as 20 spec 93.15 min 20
68
54.61 min,d
94.16 min
20
68
55.77 min,d
96.16 min
20
68
56.64 min,d
97.66 min
20
68
ASTM B272-O61
58.000 min,d
ASTM B3 Soft or Annealed Copper Wire ASTM B33 Tinned Soft or Annealed Copper Wire ASTM B33 Tinned Soft or Annealed Copper Wire ASTM B33 Tinned Soft or Annealed Copper Wire ASTM B33 Tinned Soft or Annealed Copper Wire ASTM B33 Tinned Soft or Annealed Copper Wire ASTM B33 Tinned Soft or Annealed Copper Wire ASTM B451
58.000 min,d
56.35 min,d
97.16 min
20
68
54.35 min,d
20
ASTM B451
55.77 min,d
ASTM B47 Copper Trolly Wire ASTM B47 Copper Trolly Wire
56.35 min,d 0.15775 max
CDA Copper 109-Annealed
58 min,d
93.70 min,as spec 96.16 min,as spec 97.16 min 900.77 max,as spec 100 min
Chase 14310-Annealed Chase Tellurium Copper-Annealed ASTM B152 C10100-Hxx (C10100)
49 min,d 52 u,d 56.93 min,d
ASTM B152 C10100-O60 (C10100)
58.58 min,d
ASTM B170 Grade 1 (C10100)
58.6 min,d
ASTM B187 C10100-O60 (C10100) ASTM B188 C10100-O60 (C10100) ASTM B188 C10100-O60 (C10100) ASTM B447 C10100-H58 (C10100)
58.58 min,d 58.58 min,d 56.03 min,d 56.93 min,d
ASTM B447 C10100-O61 (C10100)
58.58 min,d
ASTM B49 C10100 (C10100)
58.58 max,as spec 56.93 min,d 56.93 min,d 56.93 min,d 58.58 min,d 58.58 min,d 58.58 min,d
ASTM B75 C10100-H55 (C10100) ASTM B75 C10100-H58 (C10100) ASTM B75 C10100-H80 (C10100) ASTM B75 C10100-O50 (C10100) ASTM B75 C10100-O60 (C10100) ASTM F68 (C10100)
Notes
0.16454 max
85 min 90 u 98.16 min,as spec 101.00 min,as spec 101 min,as spec 101.0 min,c 101.0 min,c 96.60 min,c 98.16 min,as spec 101.00 min,as spec 101.00 min,as spec 98.16 min,c 98.16 min,c 98.16 min,c 101.00 min,c 101.00 min,c 101.0 min,as spec
38
77 79
68
0.076 mm (0.0030 in.) <= d < 0.282 mm (0.0111 in.) 0.076 mm (0.0030 in.) <= d < 0.282 mm (0.0111 in.) 0.282 mm (0.0111 in.) <= d < 0.511 mm (0.0201 in.) 0.511 mm (0.0201 in.) <= d < 2.616 mm (0.103 in.) 7.366 mm (0.290 in.) <= d < 11.684 mm (0.460 in.) 2.616 mm (0.103 in.) <= d < 7.366 mm (0.290 in.) 1/2 oz/ft**2
20
68
All weights except 1/2 oz/ft**2
47
20 20
68 68
20
68
20 20 20
79 79 79 79 79 47
80 80
68 68 68
Bus bars, conductors cable shielding, waveguides, heatsinks, lead frames Strip and sheet Rod, bar, wire, and extruded shapes Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar
66 66 33
20
68
Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar
33
20
68
34
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
Oxygen free electrolytic wire bars, billets, and cakes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.) Welded tube
36 37 37 46
20
68
Welded tube
46
20
68
Redraw rod, OFE. Test to ASTM B 193
25
20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68
Seamless tube Seamless tube Seamless tube Seamless tube Seamless tube For electron devices
30 30 30 30 30 53
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
66
High Conductivity Materials / 29
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B152 C10200-Hxx (C10200) 56.35 min,d
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
ASTM B152 C10200-O60 (C10200)
58.000 min,d
ASTM B170 Grade 2 (C10200)
58 min,d
ASTM B187 C10200-H04 (C10200)
56.49 min,d
97.16 min,as spec 100.00 min,as spec 100 min,as spec 97.40 min,c
20
68
Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar
33
20
68
Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar
33
20
68
ASTM B187 C10200-H04 (C10200)
57.07 min,d
98.40 min,c
20
68
ASTM B187 C10200-O60 (C10200) ASTM B188 C10200-H80 (C10200)
58.00 min,d 56.03 min,d
100.0 min,c 96.60 min,c
20 20
68 68
ASTM B188 C10200-H80 (C10200)
56.72 min,d
97.80 min,c
20
68
ASTM B188 C10200-H80 (C10200) ASTM B188 C10200-H80 (C10200)
56.49 min,d 56.49 min,d
97.40 min,c 97.40 min,c
20 20
68 68
ASTM B188 C10200-H80 (C10200) ASTM B188 C10200-O60 (C10200) ASTM B372 C10200 (C10200)
57.07 min,d 58.00 min,d 56.49 min,d
20 20 20
68 68 68
ASTM B447 C10200-H58 (C10200)
56.49 min,d
20
68
Welded tube
46
ASTM B447 C10200-O61 (C10200)
58.000 min,d
20
68
Welded tube
46
ASTM B49 C10200 (C10200)
20
68
Redraw rod, OF. Test to ASTM B 193
25
ASTM B75 C10200-H55 (C10200) ASTM B75 C10200-H58 (C10200) ASTM B75 C10200-H80 (C10200) ASTM B75 C10200-O50 (C10200) ASTM B75 C10200-O60 (C10200) C10200, bare-H00 (C10200) C10200, tinned-H04 (C10200) C10200, tinned-O61 (C10200) C10200, tinned-O61 (C10200) OFCA (C10200) ASTM B187 C10300-H04 (C10300) ASTM B187 C10300-O60 (C10300) ASTM B188 C10300-H80 (C10300) ASTM B188 C10300-O60 (C10300) ASTM B372 C10300 (C10300)
58.000 max,as spec 56.49 min,d 56.49 min,d 56.49 min,d 58.000 min,d 58.000 min,d 58.6 t,d 57 t,d 57 t,d 58.6 t,d 58.6 t,d 56.93 min,d 56.93 min,d 55.77 min,d 56.93 min,d 55.77 min,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Seamless tube Seamless tube Seamless tube Seamless tube Seamless tube Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.50 mm (0.02 in.) Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.50 mm (0.02 in.) Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes Seamless waveguide tube
30 30 30 30 30 14 14 14 14 59 36 36 37 37 40
ASTM B379 C10300 (C10300)
56.93 min,d
20
68
Phosphorized shapes
41
ASTM B447 C10300-H58 (C10300)
55.77 min,d
20
68
Welded tube
46
ASTM B447 C10300-O61 (C10300)
56.93 min,d
20
68
Welded tube
46
ASTM B75 C10300-H55 (C10300)
55.77 min,d
98.40 min,c 100.0 min,c 97.40 min,if spec 97.40 min,as spec 100.00 min,as spec 100.00 min,as spec 97.40 min,c 97.40 min,c 97.40 min,c 100.00 min,c 100.00 min,c 101 t 99 t 99 t 101 t 101 t 98.16 min,c 98.16 min,c 96.16 min,c 98.16 min,c 96.16 min,if spec 98.16 min,as spec 96.16 min,as spec 98.16 min,as spec 96.16 min,c
Oxygen free electrolytic wire bars, billets, and cakes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.) Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes Seamless waveguide tube
34
20
68
37 37 40
20
68
Seamless tube
30
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
36
36
36 37 37 37 37
30 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B75 C10300-H58 (C10300) 55.77 min,d ASTM B75 C10300-H80 (C10300) 55.77 min,d ASTM B75 C10300-O50 (C10300) 56.93 min,d ASTM B75 C10300-O60 (C10300) 56.93 min,d ASTM B187 C10400-H04 (C10400) 56.49 min,d
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
96.16 min,c 96.16 min,c 98.16 min,c 98.16 min,c 97.40 min,c
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
ASTM B187 C10400-H04 (C10400)
57.07 min,d
98.40 min,c
20
68
ASTM B187 C10400-O60 (C10400) ASTM B188 C10400-H80 (C10400)
58.00 min,d 56.72 min,d
100.0 min,c 97.80 min,c
20 20
68 68
ASTM B188 C10400-H80 (C10400)
56.03 min,d
96.60 min,c
20
68
ASTM B188 C10400-H80 (C10400) ASTM B188 C10400-H80 (C10400)
57.07 min,d 56.49 min,d
98.40 min,c 97.40 min,c
20 20
68 68
ASTM B188 C10400-H80 (C10400) ASTM B188 C10400-O60 (C10400) ASTM B187 C10500-H04 (C10500)
56.49 min,d 58.00 min,d 56.49 min,d
97.40 min,c 100.0 min,c 97.40 min,c
20 20 20
68 68 68
ASTM B187 C10500-H04 (C10500)
57.07 min,d
98.40 min,c
20
68
ASTM B187 C10500-O60 (C10500) ASTM B188 C10500-H80 (C10500)
58.00 min,d 56.72 min,d
100.0 min,c 97.80 min,c
20 20
68 68
ASTM B188 C10500-H80 (C10500)
56.03 min,d
96.60 min,c
20
68
ASTM B188 C10500-H80 (C10500) ASTM B188 C10500-H80 (C10500)
57.07 min,d 56.49 min,d
98.40 min,c 97.40 min,c
20 20
68 68
ASTM B188 C10500-H80 (C10500) ASTM B188 C10500-O60 (C10500) ASTM B187 C10700-H04 (C10700)
56.49 min,d 58.00 min,d 56.49 min,d
97.40 min,c 100.0 min,c 97.40 min,c
20 20 20
68 68 68
ASTM B187 C10700-H04 (C10700)
57.07 min,d
98.40 min,c
20
68
ASTM B187 C10700-O60 (C10700) ASTM B188 C10700-H80 (C10700)
58.00 min,d 56.03 min,d
100.0 min,c 96.60 min,c
20 20
68 68
ASTM B188 C10700-H80 (C10700) ASTM B188 C10700-H80 (C10700)
57.07 min,d 56.72 min,d
98.40 min,c 97.80 min,c
20 20
68 68
ASTM B188 C10700-H80 (C10700) ASTM B188 C10700-H80 (C10700)
56.49 min,d 56.49 min,d
97.40 min,c 97.40 min,c
20 20
68 68
ASTM B188 C10700-O60 (C10700) ASTM B379 C10800 (C10800)
58.00 min,d 52 min,d
100.0 min,c 20 90 min,as spec 20
68 68
Notes
Reference
Seamless tube Seamless tube Seamless tube Seamless tube Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes Phosphorized shapes
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
30 30 30 30 36
36
36 37 37 37 37 37 37 36
36
36 37 37 37 37 37 37 36
36
36 37 37 37 37 37 37 41
High Conductivity Materials / 31
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B187 C10920-H04 (C10920) 56.49 min,d
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
97.40 min,c
20
68
Notes
Reference
ASTM B187 C10920-H04 (C10920)
57.07 min,d
98.40 min,c
20
68
ASTM B187 C10920-O60 (C10920) ASTM B188 C11000-H80 (C10920) ASTM B188 C11000-H80 (C10920)
58.00 min,d 57.07 min,d 56.72 min,d
100.0 min,c 98.40 min,c 97.80 min,c
20 20 20
68 68 68
ASTM B188 C11000-H80 (C10920)
56.03 min,d
96.60 min,c
20
68
ASTM B188 C11000-H80 (C10920)
56.49 min,d
97.40 min,c
20
68
ASTM B188 C11000-H80 (C10920) ASTM B188 C11000-O60 (C10920) ASTM B187 C10930-H04 (C10930)
56.49 min,d 58.00 min,d 56.49 min,d
97.40 min,c 100.0 min,c 97.40 min,c
20 20 20
68 68 68
ASTM B187 C10930-H04 (C10930)
57.07 min,d
98.40 min,c
20
68
ASTM B187 C10930-O60 (C10930) ASTM B188 C11300-H80 (C10930) ASTM B188 C11300-H80 (C10930)
58.00 min,d 57.07 min,d 56.49 min,d
100.0 min,c 98.40 min,c 97.40 min,c
20 20 20
68 68 68
ASTM B188 C11300-H80 (C10930) ASTM B188 C11300-H80 (C10930)
56.49 min,d 56.03 min,d
97.40 min,c 96.60 min,c
20 20
68 68
ASTM B188 C11300-H80 (C10930)
56.72 min,d
97.80 min,c
20
68
ASTM B188 C11300-O60 (C10930) ASTM B187 C10940-H04 (C10940)
58.00 min,d 57.07 min,d
100.0 min,c 98.40 min,c
20 20
68 68
ASTM B187 C10940-H04 (C10940)
56.49 min,d
97.40 min,c
20
68
ASTM B187 C10940-O60 (C10940) ASTM B188 C11400-H80 (C10940) ASTM B188 C11400-H80 (C10940)
58.00 min,d 56.49 min,d 56.49 min,d
100.0 min,c 97.40 min,c 97.40 min,c
20 20 20
68 68 68
ASTM B188 C11400-H80 (C10940) ASTM B188 C11400-H80 (C10940)
57.07 min,d 56.03 min,d
98.40 min,c 96.60 min,c
20 20
68 68
ASTM B188 C11400-H80 (C10940)
56.72 min,d
97.80 min,c
20
68
ASTM B188 C11400-O60 (C10940) ASTM B152 C11000-Hxx (C11000)
58.00 min,d 56.35 min,d
20 20
68 68
ASTM B152 C11000-O60 (C11000)
58.000 min,d
100.0 min,c 97.16 min,as spec 100.00 min,as spec
Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar
20
68
Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
36
36
36 37 37 37 37 37 37 36
36
36 37 37 37 37 37 37 36
36
36 37 37 37 37 37 37 33 33
32 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B187 C11000-H04 (C11000) 57.07 min,d
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
20
68
Reference
ASTM B187 C11000-H04 (C11000)
56.49 min,d
97.40 min,c
20
68
ASTM B187 C11000-O60 (C11000) ASTM B188 C11600-H80 (C11000) ASTM B188 C11600-H80 (C11000)
58.00 min,d 56.49 min,d 56.72 min,d
100.0 min,c 97.40 min,c 97.80 min,c
20 20 20
68 68 68
ASTM B188 C11600-H80 (C11000)
56.49 min,d
97.40 min,c
20
68
ASTM B188 C11600-H80 (C11000)
56.03 min,d
96.60 min,c
20
68
ASTM B188 C11600-H80 (C11000) ASTM B188 C11600-O60 (C11000) ASTM B447 C11000-H58 (C11000)
57.07 min,d 58.00 min,d 56.35 min,d
20 20 20
68 68 68
ASTM B447 C11000-O61 (C11000)
58.000 min,d
20
68
Welded tube
46
ASTM B49 C11000 (C11000)
20
68
Redraw rod, ETP. Test to ASTM B 193
25
ASTM B5 ETP (C11000)
58.000 max,as spec 58.00 min,d
20
68
56.64 min,d
20
68
ASTM B5 ETP (C11000)
56.64 min,d
20
68
Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for electical use. Test to ASTM B 193 Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for nonelectical use. Test to ASTM B 193 Ingots, ingot bars. Test to ASTM B 193
23
ASTM B5 ETP (C11000)
23
ASTM B624 C11000 (C11000)
58.000 min,d
20
68
Cable shielding
51
C11000, Ag plated-O61 (C11000) C11000, bare-O61 (C11000) C11000, tinned-O61 (C11000) C11000, tinned-O61 (C11000) ETP (C11000) ASTM B5 FRHC (C11020)
58.6 t,d 58.6 t,d 58.6 t,d 57 t,d 58 t,d 56.64 min,d
20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68
Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.50 mm (0.02 in.) Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.50 mm (0.02 in.) Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.50 mm (0.02 in.) Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.25 mm (0.01 in.)
14 14 14 14 59 23
ASTM B5 FRHC (C11020)
56.64 min,d
20
68
58.00 min,d
20
68
ASTM B623 FRHC (C11020)
56.64 min,d
20
68
Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for nonelectical use. Test to ASTM B 193 Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for electical use. Test to ASTM B 193 For nonelectrical use
23
ASTM B5 FRHC (C11020)
ASTM B623 FRHC (C11020)
56.64 min,d
20
68
Ingot, ingot bars
50
ASTM B623 FRHC (C11020)
58.00 min,d
20
68
Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for electical use
50
ASTM B49 C11040 (C11040)
58.000 max,as spec 57.07 min,d
98.40 min,c 100.0 min,c 97.16 min,as spec 100.00 min,as spec 100.00 min,as spec 100.0 min,as spec 97.66 min,as spec 97.66 min,as spec 100.00 min,as spec 101 t 101 t 101 t 99 t 100 t 97.66 min,as spec 97.66 min,as spec 100.0 min,as spec 97.66 min,as spec 97.66 min,as spec 100.0 min,as spec 100.00 min,as spec 98.40 min,c
Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.) Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes Welded tube
20
68
Redraw rod, ETP. Test to ASTM B 193
25
20
68
Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes
36
ASTM B187 C11300-H04 (C11300)
98.40 min,c
Notes
Ingots, ingot bars. Test to ASTM B 193
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
36
36
36 37 37 37 37 37 37 46
23
23 50
High Conductivity Materials / 33
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B187 C11300-H04 (C11300) 56.49 min,d
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
97.40 min,c
20
68
Notes
Reference
ASTM B187 C11300-O60 (C11300) ASTM B188 C12000-H80 (C11300) ASTM B188 C12000-O60 (C11300) ASTM B187 C11400-H04 (C11400)
58.00 min,d 51.04 min,d 52.2 min,d 56.49 min,d
100.0 min,c 88.0 min,c 90.0 min,c 97.40 min,c
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
ASTM B187 C11400-H04 (C11400)
57.07 min,d
98.40 min,c
20
68
ASTM B187 C11400-O60 (C11400) ASTM B187 C11500-H04 (C11500)
58.00 min,d 56.49 min,d
100.0 min,c 97.40 min,c
20 20
68 68
ASTM B187 C11500-H04 (C11500)
57.07 min,d
98.40 min,c
20
68
ASTM B187 C11500-O60 (C11500) ASTM B187 C11600-H04 (C11600)
58.00 min,d 56.49 min,d
100.0 min,c 97.40 min,c
20
68
ASTM B187 C11600-H04 (C11600)
57.07 min,d
98.40 min,c
20
68
ASTM B187 C11600-O60 (C11600) C11600-H00 (C11600) ASTM B152 C12000-Hxx (C12000) ASTM B152 C12000-Oxx (C12000) ASTM B372 C12000 (C12000) ASTM B447 C12000-H58 (C12000)
58.00 min,d 57 t,d 51 min,d 52 min,d 51 min,d 51.04 min,d
20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68
ASTM B447 C12000-O61 (C12000)
52.20 min,d
20
68
Welded tube
46
ASTM B75 C12000-H55 (C12000) ASTM B75 C12000-H58 (C12000) ASTM B75 C12000-H80 (C12000) ASTM B75 C12000-O50 (C12000) ASTM B75 C12000-O60 (C12000) C12000, tinned-O61 (C12000) Anaconda 122-Annealed (C12200)
51 min,d 51 min,d 51 min,d 52 min,d 52 min,d 57 t,d 49 u,d
100.0 min,c 98 t 88 min,as spec 90 min,as spec 88 min,if spec 88.00 min,as spec 90.00 min,as spec 88 min,c 88 min,c 88 min,c 90 min,c 90 min,c 98 t 85 u
Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.50 mm (0.02 in.) Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar Seamless waveguide tube Welded tube
20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68
30 30 30 30 30 14 66
C13400-H00 (C13400) C13400, tinned-H00 (C13400) C13700, tinned-H00 (C13700) ASTM B301 C14500 (C14500)
57 t,d 57 t,d 57 t,d 49.3 min,d
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
ASTM B301 C14520 (C14520)
43.5 min,d
20
68
Free-cutting rod and bar
39
C14530 (C14530) ASTM B301 C14700 (C14700)
56 t,d 52.2 min,d
98 t 98 t 99 t 85.0 min,as spec 75.0 min,as spec 96 t 90.0 min,as spec
Seamless tube Seamless tube Seamless tube Seamless tube Seamless tube Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) Sheet, strip, plate, wire, rod, bar, pipe, tube, extruded shapes and wrought plating anodes Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.50 mm (0.02 in.) Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) Free-cutting rod and bar
20 20
68 68
Free-cutting rod and bar
59 39
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
36
36 37 37 36
36
36 36
36
36 36
36
36 14 33 33 40 46
14 14 14 39
34 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper C15000-Precipitation hardened 50 to 55 u,d (C15000) C15000, tinned-H00 (C15000) 54 t,d C15000, tinned-H04 (C15000) 52 t,d C15100 (C15100) 55 min,d ZHC (C15100) 55 t,d C15500 (C15500) 49.9 t,d C15500 (C15500) 50 min,d CR 155-Precipitation heat treated 55 u,d (C15500) C15500, bare-H00 (C15511) 54.4 t,d Anaconda 182-Age hardened 46 u,d (C18200) Anaconda 182-Solution annealed 23 u,d (C18200) Copper, Wrought, Copper Nickel Bridgeport 520-Soft CDA 710 Copper No. 774 Cunife II Dickalloy-Precipitation hardened ASTM B422 C70250-TM00 (C70250) ASTM B422 C70250-TM02 (C70250) ASTM B422 C70250-TM03 (C70250) ASTM B422 C70250-TR02 (C70250) C70250 (C70250) C70250 (C70250) C70250 (C70250) C70260 (C70260) Anaconda 706-Annealed (C70600) Carlson 90 10 CuNi (C70600) ASTM B624 C71000 (C71000) C71500 (C71500) C71900-Spinodal-hardened (C71900) C71900-Spinodal-hardened (C71900) ASTM B422 C72400 (C72400) C72500 (C72500) C72500-Hardened by rolling (C72500) C72650 (C72650) C72650 (C72650) C72700-Spinodal mill hardened (C72700) C72800-Spinodal heat treated (C72800) C72900-Spinodal as rolled (C72900) C72900-Spinodal mill hardened (C72900) C72900-Spinodal mill hardened (C72900) C72900-Spinodal-hardened (C72900)
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
87 to 95 u
20
68
65
93 t 90 t 95 min 95 t 86 t 86 min 94 u
20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68
93.8 t 80 u
20 20
68 68
40 u
20
68
4 u,d 3.8 u,d 6 u,d 5.3 u,d 11.6 to 14.5 u,d 23 fio 23 fio 20 fio 23 fio 23 min,d 20.3 t,d 23 min,d 20.3 t,d 5 u,d 5.23 u,d 3 min,d 2.7 t,d 2.3 u,d 2.55 t,d 6 fio 6.4 t,d 6.4 u,d 8.1 to 8.7 u,d 8.1 to 8.7 u,d 5.8 to 9.3 u,d
6.5 u 6.5 u 10 u 9.2 u 20 to 25 u 40 fio 40 fio 35 fio 40 fio 40 min 35 t 40 min 35 t 9.2 u 9.02 u,d 6 min,as spec 4.6 t 4u 4.4 t 10 fio 11 t 11 u 14 to 15 u 14 to 15 u 10 to 16 u
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
6.26 u,d
10.8 u
20
68
4.5 t,d 4.5 t,d
7.8 t 7.8 t
20 20
68 68
59 59
4.5 t,d
7.8 t
20
68
89
4.5 t,d
7.8 t
20
68
59
Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) Lead frame alloy
Lead frame alloy Electric motor commutators, heat-sink washers, hookup wire Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.50 mm (0.02 in.) Resistance welding electrodes, seam welding wheels, cable connectors, current carrying shafts Resistance welding electrodes, seam welding wheels, cable connectors, current carrying shafts Tube, wire, and strip Bar, rod, tube, pipe, plated, sheet, strip, and wire Bar, rod, extrusion, forging Wire and strip Strip for electronic switches Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Lead frame alloy Connector Connector Sheet, strip, plate, tube, rod, and bar Plate Cable shielding
Sheet and strip, obsolete Electrical connector Electrical contact springs Electrical contact springs Electrical contact springs Bar, rod, strip, sheet, pipe, plate, tube, extrusions, wire, forging
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
14 14 20 59 59 20 66 14 66 66
66 66 66 66 66 44 44 44 44 20 59 89 59 66 66 51 59 65 15 44 59 17 66 89 89 66
High Conductivity Materials / 35
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number) Copper, Wrought, Copper Nickel C72900-Spinodal-hardened (C72900)
10
6
S/m
Notes
Reference
7.8 u
20
68
Copper, Wrought, Copper Silicon Tin C65400-Hardened by rolling (C65400) 4 u,d
7u
20
68
Electrical connector
17
Copper, Wrought, Copper Zinc 15Zn 20Zn 35Zn 35Zn Alcoloy 688-Light annealed Alcoloy 688-Soft annealed Alcoloy 688-Spring temper Ambraloy 687-Annealed Anaconda 226-Annealed Brimcolloy 100 Brimcolloy 200 Brimcolloy 300 Chamet Bronze Type A-Annealed Chamet Bronze Type B-Annealed Chase 69000-Annealed
21.5 u,d 18.6 u,d 15.7 u,d 15.7 u,d 10.4 u,d 11.3 u,d 9.63 u,d 13.1 to 13.3 u,d 23 u,d 16 u,d 15 u,d 14 u,d 15 u,d 15 u,d 10.4 u,d
37 u 32 u 27 u 27 u 17.9 u 19.4 u 16.6 u 22.6 to 23 u 40 u 27 u 26 u 24 u 26 u 26 u 18 u
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
65 65 65 12 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66
17 min,d 17 min,d 7.5 t,d 9.63 t,d 10 t,d
30 min,as spec 30 min,as spec 13 t 16.6 t 18 t
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
Contact material Contact material Contact material Contact material. FM-103 Magnatester Sheet, strip, welded tube Sheet, strip, welded tube Sheet, strip, welded tube Tube Sheet, strip, plate and wire Strip Strip Strip Wire Drawn bar and rod Bellows connectors, circuit breakers, clips, springs, wiring devices Cable shielding Cable shielding
52 min,d 52 min,d 52 min,d 52 min,d 52 min,d 52 min,d 55 min,d
90 min,as spec 90 min,as spec 90 min,as spec 90 min,as spec 90 min,as spec 90 min,as spec 95 min,as spec
20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip
52 52 52 52 52 52 52
49 min,d 38 u,d
85 min 65 u
20 20
68 68
20 66
49 t,d 49 t,d 49 t,d 24 to 28 u,d
85 t 85 t 85 t 42 to 48 u
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
Lead frame alloy Electrical components such as springs, contacts, connections, terminals, transistor bases, lead frames Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.50 mm (0.02 in.) Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.25 mm (0.01 in.)
46 u,d
80 u
20
68
65
46 u,d
80 u
20
68
65
ASTM B624 C66400 (C66400) ASTM B624 C66410 (C66410) C68800 (C68800) C68800-H08 (C68800) C68800-O61 (C68800) Copper, Wrought, Copper Zirconium ASTM B747 C15100-H01 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H02 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H03 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H04 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H06 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H08 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-OS015 (C15100) Copper, Wrought, High Copper CCZ Copper No. 194-Annealed
C16200-H04 (C16200) C16200, tinned-H00 (C16200) C16200, tinned-H04 (C16200) C18000-Precipitation hardened (C18000) C18200-Precipitation hardened (C18200) C18400-Precipitation hardened (C18400)
4.5 u,d
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
17
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
51 51 59 15 15
14 14 14 65
36 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number) Copper, Wrought, High Copper C18500-Precipitation hardened (C18500) ASTM B301 C18700 (C18700) C19010 (C19010) Wellman Alloy 1915A-TB00 (C19150) Wellman Alloy 1915AT-TF00 (C19150) Wellman Alloy 1915H-TD04 (C19150) Wellman Alloy 1915HT-TH04 (C19150) ASTM B465 C19200-H01 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H02 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H03 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H04 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H06 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H08 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H10 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H14 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-O50 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-O60 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-O61 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-O62 (C19200) C19210 (C19210) ASTM B465 C19400-H01 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H02 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H03 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H04 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H06 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H08 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H10 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H14 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-O50 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-O60 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-O61 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-O62 (C19400) ASTM B624 C19400 (C19400) C19400 (C19400) C19400 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19500-H01 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H02 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H03 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H04 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H06 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H08 (C19500)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
46 u,d
80 u
20
68
65
52.2 min,d
20
68
Free-cutting rod and bar
39
35 min,d 31.9 t,d 31.9 t,d
90.0 min,as spec 60 min 55 t 55 t
20 20 20
68 68 68
Lead frame alloy Rod, bar Rod, bar
20 13 13
31.9 t,d
55 t
20
68
Rod, bar
13
31.9 t,d
55 t
20
68
Rod, bar
13
35 min,d 35 min,d 35 min,d 35 min,d 35 min,d 35 min,d 35 min,d 35 min,d 38 min,d 38 min,d 38 min,d 38 min,d 49 min,d 35 min,d 35 min,d 35 min,d 35 min,d 35 min,d 35 min,d 35 min,d 35 min,d 37.7 to 43.5 min,d 37.7 to 43.5 min,d 37.7 to 43.5 min,d 37.7 to 43.5 min,d 35 min,d 34.8 t,d 38 min,d 26 min,d 26 min,d 26 min,d 26 min,d 26 min,d 26 min,d
60 min as spec 60 min as spec 60 min as spec 60 min as spec 60 min as spec 60 min as spec 60 min as spec 60 min as spec 65 min as spec 65 min as spec 65 min as spec 65 min as spec 85 min 60 min as spec 60 min as spec 60 min as spec 60 min as spec 60 min as spec 60 min as spec 60 min as spec 60 min as spec 65 to 75 as spec 65 to 75 as spec 65 to 75 as spec 65 to 75 as spec 60 min,as spec 60 t 65 min 45 min as spec 45 min as spec 45 min as spec 45 min as spec 45 min as spec 45 min as spec
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Lead frame alloy Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 20 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Cable shielding
51 59 20 48 48 48 48 48 48
Lead frame alloy Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
High Conductivity Materials / 37
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Copper, Wrought, High Copper ASTM B465 C19500-H10 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H14 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-O50 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-O60 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-O61 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-O62 (C19500) C19500 (C19500) C19500 (C19500) C19700 (C19700) C19700 (C19700)
26 min,d 26 min,d 29 min,d 29 min,d 29 min,d 29 min,d 29.0 t,d 29 min,d 46 t,d 46 min,d
45 min as spec 45 min as spec 50 min as spec 50 min as spec 50 min as spec 50 min as spec 50 t 50 min 80 t 80 min
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
Copper, Wrought, Leaded Brass Copper No. 385-Annealed Anaconda 330-Annealed (C33000) Anaconda 360-Annealed (C36000) C37700 (C37700)
16 u,d 15 u,d 15 u,d 15.7 t,d
28 u 26 u 26 u 27 t
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
Rod, shape, extrusion, and forging Tube Wire, rod, bar, and extruded shapes
66 66 66 15
Copper, Wrought, Leaded Copper Anaconda 1870-Annealed Brush 1915 (C19150)
56 nom,d 31.9 u
96 nom 55 u
20 20
68 68
Current carrying studs, connectors, solder tips Machined electrical contact
66 66
Copper, Wrought, Nickel Silver C73500 (C73500) C75200 (C75200) C76200 (C76200) C77000 (C77000)
5.8 t,d 10.4 t,d 4.6 t,d 3.5 t,d
10 t 18 t 8t 6t
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
Copper, Wrought, Phosphor Bronze 1.25Sn + P 5Sn + P 8Sn + P Anaconda (A) 5090-Annealed Anaconda (A) 510-Annealed Anaconda (C) 521-Annealed CDA Alloy 544 Chase 444 Bronze-Annealed Anaconda (E) 505-Annealed (C50500) WRM 5058 (C50580) C50710 (C50710) C50715 (C50715) Brush Phosphor Bronze (C51000) C51000 (C51000) C51000-Hardened by rolling (C51000) C51100 (C51100) C51900 (C51900) C52100 (C52100)
28 u,d 10.4 u,d 7.5 u,d 12 u,d 8.7 u,d 7.0 u,d 10 u,d 10.4 u,d 25 u,d 23.8 u,d 17 min,d 20.3 min,d 8.7 u,d 16.2 t,d 8.7 u,d 16.2 t,d 8.7 t,d 12 t,d
48 u 18 u 13 u 20 u 15 u 12 u 17 u 18 u 43 u 41 u 30 min 35 min 15 u 28 t 15 u 28 t 15 t 20 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Contact material Contact material Contact material Electrical terminals Bar, rod, sheet, strip, plate, wire, and tube Heavy duty springs Rod, bar, rolled flat products, strip, wire Rod, strip, rolled flat products Sheet, strip, tube Lead frames, contact springs, fuse clips Lead frame alloy Lead frame alloy Electronic and precision instrument parts
25.5 to 15.1 range,d 25.5 to 15.1 range,d
44 to 26 range spec 44 to 26 range spec
20
68
Rod and bar
42
20
68
Wire
43
Copper, Wrought, Silicon Bronze ASTM B411 C64700-TF00 (C64700) ASTM B412 C64700 (C64700)
Lead frame alloy Lead frame alloy
48 48 48 48 48 48 59 20 59 20
59 59 59 59
Electrical connector
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
65 65 65 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 20 20 66 59 17 59 59 59
38 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
Copper, Wrought, Sintered Powder Metal C15715-Annealed (C15715) 53.76 u,d
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
92.68 u,d
20
68
54 u
92 u
20
68
51.6 u
89 u
20
68
45.26 u,d 45 u,d
78.04 u,d 78 u
20 20
68 68
Copper, Wrought, Tin Brass Olin C663 C42200-Annealed (C42200) C42500-Hardened by rolling (C42500) TMI Luballoy X (C42500) Anaconda 443-Annealed (C44300)
14.5 u,d 18 u,d 16 u,d 19 t,d 15 u,d
25 u 31 u 28 u 32 t 25 u
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
Connectors, dispersion/solution strengthened Flats for fuse clips, contact springs, connectors Electrical connector
Copper, Wrought, Unclassified 0.04 oxide Berylco 10-52 CMW 3
58.0 u,d 12 min,d 49 t,d
100 u 20 min 85 t
20 20 20
68 68 68
Contact material Rod, welding rod, electrical connectors Cu-Cr, forging minor dim <= 19 mm (0.75 in.). Forging minor dim <= 19 mm (0.75 in.)
Noble, Gold, Commercially Pure Gold CMW Pure Gold 42 t,d
73 t
20
68
58
Noble, Gold, Electrical Contact 41.7Au32.5Cu18.8Ni7Zn 69Au25Ag6Pt 72.5Au14Cu8.5Pt4Ag1Zn 75Au25Ag 90Au10Cu CMW Elkonium 70 CMW Elkonium 72 CMW Elkonium 76 Gold
2.6 u,d 6.4 u,d 6 u,d 9.3 u,d 9.3 u,d 8 t,d 6 t,d 8 t,d 44 u,d
4.5 u 11 u 10 u 16 u 16 u 14 t 11 t 14 t 75 u
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
65 65 65 65 65 58 58 58 65
Noble, Gold, Solder 80Au20Sn 88Au12Ge
2.8 t,d 3.5 t,d
4.8 t 6.0 t
20 20
68 68
Noble, Palladium, Electrical Contact 35Pd30Ag14Cu10Pt10Au1Zn 45Pd30Ag20Au5Pt 50Pd50Ag 60Pd40Ag 60Pd40Cu 60Pd40Cu 70Pd30Ag 72Pd26Ag2Ni 90Pd10Ru 95.5Pd4.5 CMW Elkonium 40 CMW Elkonium 405
2.9 u,d 2.6 u,d 3.2 u,d 2.3 u,d 2.9 u,d 0.70 u,d 2.5 u,d 2.3 u,d 3.8 u,d 4.1 u,d 9 t,d 3 t,d
5u 4.5 u 5.5 u 4.0 u 5u 1.2 u 4.3 u 4u 6.5 u 7u 16 t 6t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
C15715-Precipitation heat treated (C15715) C15720-Annealed (C15720) C15760-Annealed (C15760) C15760-Precipitation heat treated (C15760)
Lamp leads, commutators, brush springs, switches, lead frame Lamp leads, commutators, brush springs, switches, lead frame Lamp leads, commutators, amortisseur bars, switches, lead frame Welding rods and wheels, soldering gun tips Welding rods and wheels, soldering gun tips
Sheet, strip, plate, tube, rod, and bar
Solder Solder
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
66 66 66 66 66
66 66 17 59 66 65 66 58
19 19 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 58 58
High Conductivity Materials / 39
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Noble, Palladium, Electrical Contact CMW Elkonium 42
2 t,d
4t
20
68
Noble, Palladium, Unclassified Pd
9.3 u,d
16 u
20
68
Noble, Platinum, Commercially Pure CMW Elkonium 30 9 t,d
15 t
20
68
58
Noble, Platinum, Electrical Contact 65Pt35Ir 70Pt30Ir 75Pt25Ir 80Pt20Ir 86Pt14Ru 89Pt11Ru 90Pt10Ir 90Pt10Ru 95Pt5Ir 95Pt5Ru 96Pt4W CMW Elkonium 301 CMW Elkonium 302 CMW Elkonium 305 CMW Elkonium 306 CMW Elkonium 32 CMW Elkonium 33 CMW Elkonium 331 CMW Elkonium 34
2.9 u,d 2.9 u,d 3.2 u,d 3.2 u,d 2.0 u,d 2.3 u,d 4.1 u,d 2.3 u,d 5.2 u,d 3.2 u,d 2.9 u,d 3 t,d 2 t,d 3 t,d 2 t,d 3 t,d 2 t,d 2 t,d 2 t,d
5u 5u 5.5 u 5.6 u 3.5 u 4u 7u 4u 9u 5.5 u 5u 6t 4t 5t 4t 5t 4t 4t 4t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58
Noble, Platinum, Unclassified Pt Pt
9.3 u,d 9.3 u,d
16 u 16 u
20 20
68 68
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
65 65
Noble, Silver, Commercially Pure CMW Fine Silver Fine silver
60 t,d 61.5 u,d
104 t 106 u
20 20
68 68
Contact material
58 65
Noble, Silver, Electrical Contact AgNiCon 2 AgNiCon 3 AgNiCon 4 AgNiCon 6 AgNiCon 8 CMW D1058 CMW D158F CMW D57F CMW D58 CMW D581F CMW D582F CMW D583F
51 u,d 48 u,d 45 u,d 41 u,d 36.8 u,d 20 t,d 57 t,d 52 t,d 32 t,d 59 t,d 60 t,d 58 t,d
88 u 83 u 78 u 70 u 63.5 u 35 t 99 t 90 t 55 t 102 t 103 t 100 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
P/M P/M P/M P/M P/M
66 66 66 66 66 58 58 58 58 58 58 58
Noble, Silver, Silver Cadmium 85Ag15Cd
20.3 u,d
35 u
20
68
Contact material
65
58 Pure metal, R depends on purity
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
65
40 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Noble, Silver, Silver Cadmium CMW D154F CMW D154X CMW D155F CMW D155X CMW D355F CMW D54 CMW D54F CMW D54X CMW D55 CMW D55F CMW D55X CMW Elkonium 17 CMW Elkonium 18 CMW Elkonium 217
44 t,d 42 t,d 41 t,d 39 t,d 39 t,d 44 t,d 48 t,d 44 t,d 32 t,d 42 t,d 41 t,d 18 t,d 25 t,d 20 t,d
75 t 73 t 70 t 68 t 68 t 75 t 82 t 75 t 55 t 72 t 70 t 31 t 43 t 35 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Noble, Silver, Silver Copper 72Ag26Cu2Ni 72Ag28Cu 90Ag10Cu 92.5Ag7.5Cu CMW Coin Silver CMW Elkonium 1 CMW Elkonium 22 CMW Elkonium 23 CMW Elkonium 73
35 u,d 50 u,d 49 u,d 49 u,d 48 t,d 44 t,d 49 t,d 56 t,d 52 t,d
60 u 87 u 85 u 85 u 83 t 75 t 84 t 97 t 90 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Contact material Contact material Contact material Contact material
65 65 65 65 58 58 58 58 58
Noble, Silver, Silver Gold 90Ag10Au CMW Elkonium 71
23.0 u,d 23 t,d
40 u 40 t
20 20
68 68
Contact material
65 58
Noble, Silver, Silver Nickel CMW D50 CMW D505F CMW D50F CMW D510F CMW D56
39 t,d 55 t,d 46 t,d 50 t,d 32 t,d
67 t 95 t 80 t 87 t 55 t
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
Noble, Silver, Silver Palladium 60Ag40Pd 70Ag30Pd 90Ag10Pd 97Ag3Pd CMW Elkonium 45 CMW Elkonium 46
4.6 u,d 7.0 u,d 17.4 u,d 35 u,d 34 t,d 46 t,d
8u 12 u 30 u 60 u 58 t 79 t
20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68
Contact material Contact material Contact material Contact material
65 65 65 65 58 58
Noble, Silver, Silver Platinum 97Ag3Pt CMW Elkonium 36
29 u,d 26 t,d
50 u 45 t
20 20
68 68
Contact material
65 58
Noble, Silver, Unclassified CMW Elkonium 28 CMW Elkonium 63
6 t,d 44 t,d
10 t 75 t
20 20
68 68
58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58
58 58 58 58 58
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
58 58
High Conductivity Materials / 41
Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Thermostat Metals, Unclassified, Unclassified 66.5Fe22Ni8.5Cr 1.9 u,d 67Ni30Cu1.4Fe1Mn 2.0 u,d 72Mn18Cu10Ni 0.87 u,d 75Fe22Ni3Cr 1.7 u,d 75Fe22Ni3Cr 7.0 u,d
3.3 u 3.5 u 1.5 u 3u 12 u
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
65 65 65 65 65
Unclassified AL 4750 Armco 48 K75 KLF-125
3.6 u 3.6 u 75 min 35 min
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
65 65 20 20
2.1 u,d 2.1 u,d 44 min,d 20.3 min,d
Lead frame alloy Lead frame alloy
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
42 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ . m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Aluminum, Cast, 2xx.x Aluminum Copper 201.0-T6 (A02010)
0.054 to 0.064 t
204.0-T4 (A02040) 206.0-T6 (A02060)
0.0421 t 0.054 to 0.064 t
206.0-T7 (A02060)
0.050 to 0.054 t
208.0-F (A02080) 208.0-O (A02080) 242.0-T21 (A02420) 242.0-T571 (A02420) 242.0-T61 (A02420) 242.0-T77 (A02420) 295.0-T4 (A02950) 295.0-T62 (A02950) 296.0-T4 (A02960) 296.0-T6 (A02960) A206.0-T6 (A12060)
0.0556 t 0.0454 t 0.0392 t 0.0507 t 0.0522 t 0.0454 t 0.0493 t 0.0493 t 0.0522 t 0.0522 t 0.054 to 0.064 t
A206.0-T7 (A12060)
0.050 to 0.054 t
32.48 to 38.50 t,d 25.32 t,d 32.48 to 38.50 t,d 30.07 to 32.48 t,d 33.45 t,d 27.31 t,d 23.58 t,d 30.50 t,d 31.40 t,d 27.31 t,d 29.66 t,d 29.66 t,d 31.40 t,d 31.40 t,d 32.48 to 38.50 t,d 30.07 to 32.48 t,d
20
68
10
20 20
68 68
20
68
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
20
68
10
28.03 t,d 38.44 t,d 35.79 t,d 24.12 t,d 26.59 t,d 28.81 t,d 26.59 t,d 24.66 t,d 24.12 t,d 26.59 t,d 25.32 t,d 25.93 t,d 37.05 t,d 39.10 t,d 24.12 t,d 25.32 t,d 26.59 t,d 25.93 t,d 39.10 t,d 24.12 t,d 26.59 t,d 28.81 t,d 26.59 t,d 24.66 t,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
33.45 t,d 28.03 t,d
20 20
68 68
Sand cast
10 10
Sand cast
8 10 10
Obsolete Obsolete Sand cast Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Aluminum, Cast, 3xx.x Aluminum Silicon plus Copper or Magnesium 308.0 (A03080) 319.0 (A03190) 336.0-T551 (A03360) 355.0-T51 (A03550) 355.0-T6 (A03550) 355.0-T6 (A03550) 355.0-T61 (A03550) 355.0-T7 (A03550) 356.0-T51 (A03560) 356.0-T6 (A03560) 356.0-T6 (A03560) 356.0-T7 (A03560) 360.0 (A03600) 380.0 (A03800) A356.0-T51 (A13560) A356.0-T6 (A13560) A356.0-T6 (A13560) A356.0-T7 (A13560) A380.0 (A13800) C355.0-T51 (A33550) C355.0-T6 (A33550) C355.0-T6 (A33550) C355.0-T61 (A33550) C355.0-T7 (A33550)
0.0466 t 0.0639 t 0.0595 t 0.0401 t 0.0442 t 0.0479 t 0.0442 t 0.0410 t 0.0401 t 0.0442 t 0.0421 t 0.0431 t 0.0616 t 0.065 t 0.0401 t 0.0421 t 0.0442 t 0.0431 t 0.065 t 0.0401 t 0.0442 t 0.0479 t 0.0442 t 0.0410 t
Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast
Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Sand cast
Aluminum, Cast, 4xx.x Aluminum Silicon 413.0 (A04130) 443.0-F (A04430)
0.0556 t 0.0466 t
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
High Conductivity Materials / 43
Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ . m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Aluminum, Cast, 4xx.x Aluminum Silicon 443.0-F (A04430) 443.0-F (A04430) 443.0-O (A04430) 443.0-O (A04430) A413.0 (A14130) A443.0-F (A14430) A443.0-F (A14430) A443.0-F (A14430) A443.0-O (A14430) A443.0-O (A14430) B443.0-F (A24430) B443.0-F (A24430) B443.0-F (A24430) B443.0-O (A24430) B443.0-O (A24430) C443.0-F (A34430) C443.0-F (A34430) C443.0-F (A34430) C443.0-O (A34430) C443.0-O (A34430)
0.0466 t 0.0466 t 0.0410 t 0.0410 t 0.0556 t 0.0466 t 0.0466 t 0.0466 t 0.0410 t 0.0410 t 0.0466 t 0.0466 t 0.0466 t 0.0410 t 0.0410 t 0.0466 t 0.0466 t 0.0466 t 0.0410 t 0.0410 t
28.03 t,d 28.03 t,d 24.66 t,d 24.66 t,d 33.45 t,d 28.03 t,d 28.03 t,d 28.03 t,d 24.66 t,d 24.66 t,d 28.03 t,d 28.03 t,d 28.03 t,d 24.66 t,d 24.66 t,d 28.03 t,d 28.03 t,d 28.03 t,d 24.66 t,d 24.66 t,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Permanent mold Die cast Permanent mold Sand cast
0.0821 t 0.075 t 0.075 t 0.075 t
49.39 t,d 45.11 t,d 45.11 t,d 45.11 t,d
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
10 10 10 10
0.0493 t
29.66 t,d
20
68
10
0.0367 t
22.08 t,d
20
68
10
27 20 20 25 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
80.6 68 68 77 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Die cast Permanent mold Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Die cast Permanent mold Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Die cast Permanent mold Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Aluminum, Cast, 5xx.x Aluminum Magnesium 520.0-T4 (A05200) 535.0 (A05350) A535.0 (A15350) B535.0 (A25350) Aluminum, Cast, 7xx.x Aluminum Zinc 712.0 (A07120) Aluminum, Cast, 8xx.x Aluminum Tin 850.0 (A0850)
Aluminum, Wrought, 1xxx Commercially Pure Aluminum Al Al Al Al Al Al (99.996%) EC-H19 EC-O 1050-O (A91050) 1050-O (A91050) 1060-H18 (A91060) 1060-H18 (A91060) 1060-H18 (A91060) 1060-O (A91060) 1060-O (A91060) 1060-O (A91060) 1100-H18 (A91100)
0.02733 u 0.02709 u 0.0267 u 0.0261 u 0.0260 u 0.0265 u 0.028 u 0.028 u 0.0281 t 0.0281 t 0.029 t 0.0283 t 0.028 t 0.028 t 0.028 t 0.0278 t 0.030 t
16.44 u,d 16.30 u,d 16.06 u,d 15.70 u,d 15.64 u,d 15.9 u,d 16.8 u,d 16.8 u,d 16.90 t,d 16.90 t,d 17.4 t,d 17.02 t,d 17 t 17 t 16.8 t,d 16.72 t,d 18 t
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
18 18 18 18 18 65 65 65 8 8 3 8 1 1 3 8 1
44 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ . m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Aluminum, Wrought, 1xxx Commercially Pure Aluminum 1100-H18 (A91100) 1100-H18 (A91100) 1100-O (A91100) 1100-O (A91100) 1100-O (A91100) 1145-H18 (A91145) 1145-O (A91145) 1199-O (A91199) 1350-All (A91350) 1350-All (A91350) 1350-H1x (A91350) 1350-O (A91350)
0.0302 t 0.030 t 0.030 t 0.029 t 0.0292 t 0.0287 t 0.0283 t 0.0267 t 0.028 t 0.028 t 0.0282 t 0.0279 t
18.17 t,d 18.0 t,d 18 t 17.4 t,d 17.56 t,d 17.26 t,d 17.02 t,d 16.06 t,d 17 t 16.8 t,d 16.96 t,d 16.78 t,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
26.47 t,d 27 t 25.9 t,d 26.47 t,d 23 t 22.86 t,d 22.9 t,d 20.5 t,d 21 t 30.68 t,d 31 t 30.1 t,d 30.68 t,d 25.9 t,d 26 t 25.87 t,d 25.87 t,d 21 t 20.5 t,d 31 t 30.1 t,d 26 t 25.9 t,d 20.45 t,d 21 t 20.5 t,d 35.5 t,d 34.29 t,d 35 t 34.29 t,d 34.29 t,d 35.5 t,d 35 t 34.29 t,d 34.29 t,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Obsolete, EC Grade Obsolete, EC Grade Obsolete, EC Grade Obsolete, EC Grade
8 3 1 3 8 8 8 8 1 3 8 8
Aluminum, Wrought, 2xxx Aluminum Copper 2011-T3 (A92011) 2011-T3 (A92011) 2011-T3 (A92011) 2011-T4 (A92011) 2011-T8 (A92011) 2011-T8 (A92011) 2011-T8 (A92011) 2014-O (A92014) 2014-O (A92014) 2014-T3 (A92014) 2014-T4 (A92014) 2014-T4 (A92014) 2014-T451 (A92014) 2014-T6 (A92014) 2014-T6 (A92014) 2014-T651 (A92014) 2014-T652 (A92014) 2017-O (A92017) 2017-O (A92017) 2017-T4 (A92017) 2017-T4 (A92017) 2018-T61 (A92018) 2018-T61 (A92018) 2024-O (A92024) 2024-O (A92024) 2024-O (A92024) 2024-T3 (A92024) 2024-T3 (A92024) 2024-T3 (A92024) 2024-T351 (A92024) 2024-T36 (A92024) 2024-T361 (A92024) 2024-T361 (A92024) 2024-T361 (A92024) 2024-T4 (A92024)
0.044 t 0.045 t 0.043 t 0.044 t 0.038 t 0.038 t 0.038 t 0.034 t 0.035 t 0.051 t 0.0515 t 0.050 t 0.051 t 0.043 t 0.043 t 0.043 t 0.043 t 0.035 t 0.034 t 0.0515 t 0.050 t 0.043 t 0.043 t 0.034 t 0.035 t 0.034 t 0.059 t 0.057 t 0.058 t 0.057 t 0.057 t 0.059 t 0.058 t 0.057 t 0.057 t
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
8 1 3 8 1 8 3 3 1 8 1 3 8 3 1 8 8 1 3 1 3 1 3 8 1 3 3 8 1 8 8 3 1 8 8
High Conductivity Materials / 45
Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Aluminum, Wrought, 2xxx Aluminum Copper 2024-T4 (A92024) 2024-T4 (A92024) 2024-T6 (A92024) 2024-T6 (A92024) 2024-T81 (A92024) 2024-T81 (A92024) 2024-T861 (A92024) 2024-T861 (A92024) 2024-T861 (A92024) 2025-T6 (A92025) 2025-T6 (A92025) 2036-O (A92036) 2036-T4 (A92036) 2036-T4 (A92036) Alcoa 2036-O (A92036) Alcoa 2036-O (A92036) Alcoa 2036-T4 (A92036) 2038-T4 (A92038) 2048-T851 (A92048) 2117-T4 (A92117) 2117-T4 (A92117) 2124-O (A92124) 2124-T851 (A92124) 2124-T851 (A92124) 2218-T61 (A92218) 2218-T72 (A92218) 2218-T72 (A92218) 2219-O (A92219) 2219-O (A92219) 2219-O (A92219) 2219-T31 (A92219) 2219-T31 (A92219) 2219-T351 (A92219) 2219-T37 (A92219) 2219-T37 (A92219) 2219-T6 (A92219) 2219-T6 (A92219) 2219-T62 (A92219) 2219-T81 (A92219) 2219-T81 (A92219) 2219-T81 (A92219) 2219-T851 (A92219) 2219-T87 (A92219) 2219-T87 (A92219) 2219-T87 (A92219) 2319-O (A92319) 2618-T6 (A92618) 2618-T6 (A92618)
0.058 t 0.059 t 0.045 t 0.045 t 0.045 t 0.045 t 0.045 t 0.045 t 0.045 t 0.043 t 0.043 t 0.0332 t 0.0415 t 0.042 t 0.0332 u 30.1 u,d 0.0421 u 0.043 t 0.040 t 0.043 t 0.043 t 0.0345 t 0.045 t 0.045 t 0.045 t 0.043 t 0.043 t 0.038 t 0.040 t 0.039 t 0.062 t 0.0615 t 0.057 t 0.0615 t 0.062 t 0.059 t 0.058 t 0.062 t 0.058 t 0.059 t 0.057 t 0.057 t 0.057 t 0.058 t 0.059 t 0.039 t 0.048 t 0.0465 t
35 t 35.5 t,d 27.1 t,d 27 t 27.1 t,d 27 t 27.1 t,d 27 t 27.07 t,d 25.9 t,d 26 t 19.97 t,d 25 t 25.3 t,d 20.0 u,d 51.9 u,d 25.3 u,d 25.9 t,d 24.06 t,d 26 t 25.9 t,d 20.75 t,d 27.1 t,d 27 t 27.07 t,d 25.9 t,d 26 t 22.9 t,d 24 t 23.46 t,d 37.3 t,d 37 t 34.29 t,d 37 t 37.3 t,d 35.5 t,d 35 t 37.29 t,d 35 t 35.5 t,d 34.29 t,d 34.29 t,d 34.29 t,d 35 t 35.5 t,d 23.46 t,d 28.9 t,d 28 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Auto body sheet Auto body sheet Auto body sheet
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
1 3 3 1 3 1 3 1 8 3 1 8 1 3 66 66 66 54 8 1 3 8 3 1 8 3 1 3 1 8 3 1 8 1 3 3 1 8 1 3 8 8 8 1 3 8 3 1
46 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ . m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Aluminum, Wrought, 2xxx Aluminum Copper 2618-T61 (A92618)
0.047 t
28.27 t,d
20
68
8
25.3 t,d 25 t 25.3 t,d 25 t 25.9 t,d 26 t 21 t 20.5 t,d 25 t 25.3 t,d 24.66 t,d 23 t 22.9 t,d 23.04 t,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
3 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 3 8 1 3 8
25.93 t,d 26 t 25.9 t,d 30 t 28.81 t,d 30.1 t,d 25 t 24.7 t,d 23 t 22.9 t,d 22.3 t,d 25 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
8 1 3 1 8 3 1 3 1 3 3 1
19.9 t,d 20 t 19.97 t,d 19.97 t,d 21 t 20.5 t,d 20.45 t,d 20.45 t,d 30 t 30.1 t,d 29.66 t,d 29.7 u,d 29.7 u,d 29.66 t,d 37.3 t,d 38.50 t,d 38 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
3 1 8 8 1 3 8 8 1 3 8 65 65 8 3 8 1
Aluminum, Wrought, 3xxx Aluminum Manganese 3003-H12 (A93003) 3003-H12 (A93003) 3003-H14 (A93003) 3003-H14 (A93003) 3003-H18 (A93003) 3003-H18 (A93003) 3003-O (A93003) 3003-O (A93003) 3004-All (A93004) 3004-All (A93004) 3004-O (A93004) 3105-All (A93105) 3105-All (A93105) 3105-O (A93105)
0.042 t 0.0415 t 0.042 t 0.0415 t 0.043 t 0.043 t 0.035 t 0.034 t 0.0415 t 0.042 t 0.041 t 0.038 t 0.038 t 0.0383 t
Aluminum, Wrought, 4xxx Aluminum Silicon 4032-O (A94032) 4032-O (A94032) 4032-O (A94032) 4032-T6 (A94032) 4032-T6 (A94032) 4032-T6 (A94032) 4043-O (A94043) 4043-O (A94043) 4045-All (A94045) 4045-All (A94045) 4343-All (A94343) 4343-All (A94343)
0.0431 t 0.043 t 0.043 t 0.050 t 0.0479 t 0.050 t 0.0415 t 0.041 t 0.038 t 0.038 t 0.037 t 0.0415 t
Aluminum, Wrought, 5xxx Aluminum Magnesium 5005-All (A95005) 5005-All (A95005) 5005-H38 (A95005) 5005-O (A95005) 5050-All (A95050) 5050-All (A95050) 5050-H38 (A95050) 5050-O (A95050) 5052-All (A95052) 5052-All (A95052) 5052-H38 (A95052) 5052-H38 (A95052) 5052-O (A95052) 5052-O (A95052) 5056-H38 (A95056) 5056-H38 (A95056) 5056-H38 (A95056)
0.033 t 0.033 t 0.0332 t 0.0332 t 0.035 t 0.034 t 0.034 t 0.034 t 0.050 t 0.050 t 0.0493 t 0.0493 u 0.0493 u 0.0493 t 0.062 t 0.064 t 0.063 t
Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete
Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
High Conductivity Materials / 47
Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Aluminum, Wrought, 5xxx Aluminum Magnesium 5056-H38 (A95056) 5056-O (A95056) 5056-O (A95056) 5056-O (A95056) 5083 (A95083) 5083-O (A95083) 5083-O (A95083) 5086 (A95086) 5086-All (A95086) 5086-All (A95086) 5154-All (A95154) 5154-All (A95154) 5182 (A95182) 5252-All (A95252) 5252-All (A95252) 5252-All (A95252) 5252-All (A95252) 5254 (A95254) 5254-All (A95254) 5254-All (A95254) 5356-O (A95356) 5356-O (A95356) 5356-O (A95356) 5454-All (A95454) 5454-O (A95454) 5454-O (A95454) 5454-H38 (A95456) 5454-H38 (A95456) 5456-All (A95456) 5456-O (A95456) 5456-O (A95456) 5457-All (A95457) 5457-All (A95457) 5652 (A95652) 5652-All (A95652) 5652-All (A95652) 5657 (A95657) 5657-All (A95657) 5657-All (A95657)
0.064 u 0.059 t 0.059 t 0.060 t 0.0595 t 0.060 t 0.059 t 0.056 t 0.055 t 0.056 t 0.053 t 0.053 t 0.0556 t 0.049 t,ave 0.049 t,ave 0.050 t 0.050 t 0.054 t 0.053 t 0.053 t 0.0594 t 0.059 t 0.060 t 0.051 t,ave 0.0515 t 0.050 t 0.0515 t 0.050 t 0.0595 t,ave 0.059 t 0.060 t 0.038 t 0.037 t 0.049 t 0.050 t 0.050 t 0.032 t 0.0315 t 0.032 t
38.5 u,d 35.49 t,d 35.5 t,d 36 t 35.79 t,d 36 t 35.5 t,d 33.69 t,d 33 t 33.7 t,d 31.9 t,d 32 t 33.45 t,d 29.47 t,d 29.47 t,d 30 t 30.1 t,d 32.48 t,d 31.9 t,d 32 t 35.73 t,d 35.5 t,d 36 t 30.68 t,d 31 t 30.1 t,d 31 t 30.1 t,d 35.79 t,d 35.5 t,d 36 t 23 t 22.3 t,d 29.47 t,d 30 t 30.1 t,d 19.25 t,d 19 t 19.2 t,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete
Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete
Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete
65 8 3 1 8 1 3 8 1 3 3 1 8 8 8 1 3 8 3 1 8 3 1 8 1 3 1 3 8 3 1 1 3 8 1 3 8 1 3
Aluminum, Wrought, 6xxx Aluminum Magnesium Silicon 6005-T1 (A96005) 6005-T1 (A96005) 6005-T5 (A96005) 6005-T5 (A96005) 6009-All (A96009) 6009-O (A96009) 6009-T4 (A96009) 6009-T6 (A96009)
0.0365 t 0.037 t 0.036 t 0.035 t 0.039 t 0.0319 t 0.0392 t 0.0367 t
22 t 22.3 t,d 21.7 t,d 21 t 23.5 t,d 19.19 t,d 23.58 t,d 22.08 t,d
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
1 3 3 1 54 8 8 8
48 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ . m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Aluminum, Wrought, 6xxx Aluminum Magnesium Silicon Alcoa 6009-O (A96009) Alcoa 6009-T4 (A96009) Alcoa 6009-T6 (A96009) 6010-All (A96010) 6010-O (A96010) 6010-T4 (A96010) 6010-T6 (A96010) Alcoa 6010-O (A96010) Alcoa 6010-T4 (A96010) Alcoa 6010-T6 (A96010) 6053 (A96053) 6053-O (A96053) 6053-O (A96053) 6053-T4 (A96053) 6053-T4 (A96053) 6053-T6 (A96053) 6053-T6 (A96053) 6061-O (A96061) 6061-O (A96061) 6061-T4 (A96061) 6061-T4 (A96061) 6061-T6 (A96061) 6061-T6 (A96061) 6063-O (A96063) 6063-O (A96063) 6063-T1 (A96063) 6063-T1 (A96063) 6063-T5 (A96063) 6063-T5 (A96063) 6063-T6 (A96063) 6063-T6 (A96063) 6063-T83 (A96063) 6063-T83 (A96063) 6066-O (A96066) 6066-O (A96066) 6066-T6 (A96066) 6066-T6 (A96066) 6070 (A96070) 6070-T6 (A96070) 6070-T6 (A96070) 6101-T6 (A96101) 6101-T6 (A96101) 6101-T6 (A96101) 6101-T6 (A96101) 6101-T61 (A96101) 6101-T61 (A96101) 6101-T61 (A96101) 6101-T63 (A96101)
0.0391 u 0.0394 u 0.0363 u 0.044 t 0.0325 t 0.0442 t 0.0392 t 0.0325 u 0.0442 u 0.0392 u 0.0375 t 0.038 t 0.038 t 0.042 t 0.043 t 0.041 t 0.0415 t 0.037 t 0.0365 t 0.043 t 0.043 t 0.040 t 0.040 t 0.030 t 0.029 t 0.034 t 0.035 t 0.031 t 0.032 t 0.033 t 0.032 t 0.033 t 0.032 t 0.043 t 0.043 t 0.048 t 0.0465 t 0.039 t 0.038 t 0.040 t 0.031 u 0.030 t 0.0302 t 0.030 t 0.0292 t 0.030 t 0.029 t 0.0297 t
23.5 u,d 23.7 u,d 21.8 u,d 26.5 t,d 19.55 t,d 26.59 t,d 23.58 t,d 19.5 u,d 26.6 u,d 23.6 u,d 22.56 t,d 22.9 t,d 23 t 25.3 t,d 26 t 24.7 t,d 25 t 22.3 t,d 22 t 26 t 25.9 t,d 24 t 24.1 t,d 18 t 17.4 t,d 20.5 t,d 21 t 18.6 t,d 19 t 20 t 19.2 t,d 20 t 19.2 t,d 26 t 25.9 t,d 28.9 t,d 28 t 23.46 t,d 22.9 t,d 24 t 18.6 u,d 18 t 18.17 t,d 18.0 t,d 17.56 t,d 18 t 17.4 t,d 17.87 t,d
19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
66 66 66 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Auto body sheet Auto body sheet Auto body sheet
Auto body sheet Auto body sheet Auto body sheet
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
66 66 66 54 8 8 8 66 66 66 8 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 3 1 3 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 3 1 3 3 1 8 3 1 65 1 8 3 8 1 3 8
High Conductivity Materials / 49
Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ . m
Temperature oC oF circular-mil/ft Ω
Notes
Reference
Aluminum, Wrought, 6xxx Aluminum Magnesium Silicon 6101-T63 (A96101) 6101-T63 (A96101) 6101-T64 (A96101) 6101-T64 (A96101) 6101-T64 (A96101) 6101-T65 (A96101) 6101-T65 (A96101) 6101-T65 (A96101) 6105-T1 (A96105) 6105-T1 (A96105) 6105-T5 (A96105) 6105-T5 (A96105) 6111-T4 (A96111) 6111-T6 (A96111) 6151-O (A96151) 6151-O (A96151) 6151-T4 (A96151) 6151-T4 (A96151) 6151-T6 (A96151) 6151-T6 (A96151) 6201-T81 (A96201) 6201-T81 (A96201) 6205-T1 (A96205) 6205-T5 (A96205) 6262-T9 (A96262) 6262-T9 (A96262) 6262-T9 (A96262) 6351-T6 (A96351) 6351-T6 (A96351) 6463-T1 (A96463) 6463-T1 (A96463) 6463-T1 (A96463) 6463-T5 (A96463) 6463-T5 (A96463) 6463-T5 (A96463) 6463-T6 (A96463) 6463-T6 (A96463) 6463-T6 (A96463) 6951-O (A96951) 6951-O (A96951) 6951-T6 (A96951) 6951-T6 (A96951)
0.030 t 0.029 t 0.0287 t 0.028 t 0.029 t 0.0297 t 0.030 t 0.029 t 0.038 t 0.037 t 0.035 t 0.034 t 0.043 t 0.038 t 0.032 t 0.0315 t 0.042 t 0.0415 t 0.038 t 0.038 t 0.0315 t 0.032 t 0.037 t 0.035 t 0.038 t 0.039 t 0.040 t 0.038 t 0.038 t 0.034 t 0.034 t 0.035 t 0.031 t 0.035 t 0.0315 t 0.032 t 0.033 t 0.033 t 0.0315 t 0.031 t 0.033 t 0.033 t
18 t 17.4 t,d 17.26 t,d 17 t 17.4 t,d 17.87 t,d 18 t 17.4 t,d 23 t 22.3 t,d 21 t 20.5 t,d 25.9 t,d 22.9 t,d 19.2 t,d 19 t 25.3 t,d 25 t 23 t 22.9 t,d 19 t 19.2 t,d 22.26 t,d 21.05 t,d 22.9 t,d 23.46 t,d 24 t 22.9 t,d 23 t 20.5 t,d 20.45 t,d 21 t 18.6 t,d 21.05 t,d 19 t 19.2 t,d 19.85 t,d 20 t 19 t 18.6 t,d 19.9 t,d 20 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
133 u 133 u 133 u 24.12 t,d 27.31 t,d
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
1 3 8 1 3 8 1 3 1 3 1 3 54 54 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 3 8 8 3 8 1 3 1 3 8 1 3 8 1 3 8 1 1 3 3 1
Aluminum, Wrought, 7xxx Aluminum Zinc Alcoa 7029-T6 Alcoa 7129-T5 Alcoa 7129-T6 7005-O (A97005) 7005-T53 (A97005)
0.221 0.221 0.221 0.0401 t 0.0454 t
Auto bumper Auto bumper Auto bumper
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
66 66 66 8 8
50 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ . m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Aluminum, Wrought, 7xxx Aluminum Zinc 7005-T5351 (A97005) 7005-T6 (A97005) 7005-T63 (A97005) 7005-T6351 (A97005) 7021-T61 (A97021) 7029-T5 (A97029) 7029-T6 (A97029) 7049 (A97049) 7049-T73 (A97049) 7049-T73 (A97049) 7050-O (A97050) 7050-T736 (A97050) 7050-T73651 (A97050) 7050-T74 (A97050) 7050-T74 (A97050) 7050-T76 (A97050) 7050-T7651 (A97050) 7072 (A97072) 7072-O (A97072) 7072-O (A97072) 7075-T6 (A97075) 7075-T6 (A97075) 7075-T62 (A97075) 7075-T651 (A97075) 7075-T652 (A97075) 7075-T73 (A97075) 7075-T7351 (A97075) 7075-T7352 (A97075) 7075-T76 (A97075) 7075-T7651 (A97075) 7116-T5 (A97116) 7129-T5 (A97129) 7129-T6 (A97129) 7175-O (A97175) 7175-T66 (A97175) 7175-T736 (A97175) 7175-T74 (A97175) 7175-T7652 (A97175) 7178-O (A97178) 7178-T6 (A97178) 7178-T6 (A97178) 7178-T6 (A97178) 7178-T651 (A97178) 7178-T76 (A97178) 7178-T7651 (A97178) 7475-O (A97475) 7475-T61 (A97475) 7475-T61 (A97475)
0.0454 t 0.0493 t 0.0454 t 0.0454 t 0.040 t 0.041 t 0.041 t 0.043 t 0.043 t 0.043 t 0.0367 t 0.0426 t 0.0426 t 0.0415 t 0.042 t 0.0436 t 0.0436 t 0.0287 t 0.029 t 0.030 t 0.0515 t 0.053 t 0.0522 t 0.0522 t 0.0522 t 0.0431 t 0.0431 t 0.0431 t 0.0448 t 0.0448 t 0.037 t 0.041 t 0.041 t 0.0375 t 0.0479 t 0.0431 t 0.043 t 0.0431 t 0.0375 t 0.056 t 0.055 t 0.0539 t 0.0539 t 0.0442 t 0.0442 t 0.0375 t 0.050 t 0.0479 t
27.31 t,d 29.66 t,d 27.31 t,d 27.31 t,d 24.1 t,d 24.7 t,d 24.7 t,d 25.87 t,d 26 t 25.9 t,d 22.08 t,d 25.63 t,d 25.63 t,d 25 t 25.3 t,d 26.23 t,d 26.23 t,d 17.26 t,d 17.4 t,d 18 t 31 t 31.9 t,d 31.40 t,d 31.40 t,d 31.40 t,d 25.93 t,d 25.93 t,d 25.93 t,d 26.95 t,d 26.95 t,d 22.3 t,d 24.7 t,d 24.7 t,d 22.56 t,d 28.81 t,d 25.93 t,d 25.9 t,d 25.93 t,d 22.56 t,d 33.7 t,d 33 t 32.42 t,d 32.42 t,d 26.59 t,d 26.59 t,d 22.56 t,d 30.1 t,d 28.81 t,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
T74 previously T73 and T736 T74 previously T73 and T736
T74 previously T73 and T736 T74 previously T73 and T736
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
8 8 8 8 54 54 54 8 1 3 8 8 8 1 3 8 8 8 3 1 1 3 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 54 54 54 8 8 8 3 8 8 3 1 8 8 8 8 8 3 8
High Conductivity Materials / 51
Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ . m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Aluminum, Wrought, 7xxx Aluminum Zinc 7475-T651 (A97475) 7475-T651 (A97475) 7475-T7351 (A97475) 7475-T7351 (A97475) 7475-T76 (A97475) 7475-T761 (A97475) 7475-T761 (A97475) 7475-T7651 (A97475)
0.050 t 0.0431 t 0.041 t 0.0411 t 0.043 t 0.0479 t 0.043 t 0.0431 t
30.1 t,d 25.93 t,d 24.7 t,d 24.72 t,d 25.9 t,d 28.81 t,d 25.9 t,d 25.93 t,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8
0.029 t 0.028 t 0.029 t 0.029 t 0.028 t 0.029 t 0.029 t 0.028 t
17.4 t,d 17 t 17.4 t,d 17.4 t,d 17 t 17.4 t,d 17.4 t,d 17 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
3 1 3 3 1 3 3 1
Ampcoloy 495
0.552 u
332 u,d
20
68
Elkaloy D Elkaloy D110 Elkaloy D120 Elkaloy D130 C95200 (C95200) C95300 (C95300) C95400-As cast (C95400) C95400-TQ50 (C95400) C95500-As cast (C95500) C95500-TQ50 (C95500) C95700-Annealed, fast cooled (C95700) C95700-As cast (C95700) C95800 (C95800)
0.096 t 0.144 t 0.172 t 0.192 t 0.144 u 0.133 u 0.133 u 0.133 u 0.203 u 0.203 u 0.556 u
57.75 t,d 86.62 t,d 103.46 t,d 115.49 t,d 86.6 u,d 80.00 u,d 80.0 u,d 80.0 u,d 122.1 u,d 122.1 u,d 334.5 u,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Casting Casting Casting Casting Sand casting Sand casting Sand casting
58 58 58 58 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
0.556 u 0.243 u
334.5 u,d 146.2 u,d
20 20
68 68
Sand casting Sand casting
16 16
0.034 to 0.038 u 20 to 23 u,d 0.034 to 0.038 u 20 to 23 u,d 0.069 to 0.086 u 42 to 52 u,d
20 20 20
68 68 68
Switches, contacts Switches, contacts
66 66 66
0.069 to 0.086 u 42 to 52 u,d
20
68
66
0.069 u 0.069 to 0.096 u 0.069 to 0.096 u 0.069 to 0.096 u
41.51 u,d 42 to 58 u,d 42 to 58 u,d 42 to 58 u,d
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
16 66 66 66
0.075 to 0.096 u 45 to 58 u,d
20
68
66
Aluminum, Wrought, 8xxx Aluminum-Other Elements 8017-H12 (A98017) 8017-H212 (A98017) 8017-H212 (A98017) 8017-H22 (A98017) 8030-H221 (A98030) 8030-H221 (A98030) 8176-H24 (A98176) 8176-H24 (A98176) Copper, Cast, Aluminum Bronze Sand and centrifugal casting, bar, rod, forging, sheet, strip, plate, and welding wire
66
Copper, Cast, Beryllium Copper Brush Casting 10C (C82000) Brush Casting 3C (C82000) Brush Casting 165C-Age hardened (C82400) Brush Casting 165CT-Age hardened (C82400) C82400-Age hardened (C82400) Brush Casting 20CT (C82500) Brush Casting 20C (C82500) Brush Casting 21C-Age hardened (C82510) Brush Casting 245C-Age hardened (C82600)
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
52 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ . m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Copper, Cast, Beryllium Copper Brush Casting 245CT-Age hardened (C82600) C82600-Age hardened (C82600) Brush Casting 275C (C82800) Brush Casting 275CT (C82800)
0.075 to 0.096 u 45 to 58 u,d
20
68
66
0.0907 u 54.56 u,d 0.075 to 0.101 u 45 to 61 u,d 0.075 to 0.101 u 45 to 61 u,d
20 20 20
68 68 68
Castings Castings
16 66 66
0.086 t 0.0383 u 0.021 u 0.0395 u 0.0395 u 0.0395 u 0.0862 u 0.0958 u
51.73 t,d 23.04 u,d 12.63 u,d 23.76 u,d 23.76 u,d 23.76 u,d 51.85 u,d 57.63 u,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Cu-Be Casting alloy. Solution heat treated Casting alloy. Precipitation hardened Casting alloy Casting alloy Casting alloy Casting alloy Casting alloy
58 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
0.17 u
102.3 u,d
20
68
Casting
16
0.12 u
72.18 u,d
20
68
Sand Casting
16
0.16 u
96 u,d
20
68
Centrifugal, chill or sand casting
66
0.284 u
170.8 u,d
20
68
Sand Casting
16
0.284 u
170.8 u,d
20
68
Die casting
16
0.18 u
108.3 u,d
20
68
0.0216 t
12.99 t,d
20
68
0.9974 u 0.4888 u 0.4821 u 0.3823 u 0.4821 u
599.97 u,d 294.03 u,d 290.00 u,d 229.97 u,d 290.00 u,d
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
65 65 65 65 65
0.4987 u 0.2992 u 0.1496 u 0.0993 u 0.0499 u
299.98 u,d 179.98 u,d 89.99 u,d 59.73 u,d 30.0 u,d
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
65 65 65 65 65
0.101 u,d 0.100 u 0.11 u,d 0.144 u 0.123 u
61 u 60.15 u,d 69 u 86.6 u,d 73.99 u,d
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
Copper, Cast, High Copper CMW 73 C81500-Heat treated (C81500) C81500-Heat treated (C81500) C81800-Heat treated (C81800) C82000-Heat treated (C82000) C82200-Heat treated (C82200) C82500-Heat treated (C82500) C82800-Heat treated (C82800)
Copper, Cast, High Leaded Tin Bronze Copper C93700 (C93700) Copper, Cast, Leaded Tin Bronze C92200 (C92200) Copper, Cast, Phosphor Bronze Bunting No. 156 Copper, Cast, Silicon Brass C87500 (C87500) Copper, Cast, Silicon Bronze C87800 (C87800) Copper, Cast, Tin Bronze C90700 (C90700)
16
Copper, Cast, Unclassified CMW 3
Cu-Cr
58
Copper, Miscellaneous, Instrument and Control 67Cu5Ni27Mn 70Cu20Ni10Mn 83Cu13Mn4Ni(manganin) 85Cu10Mn4Ni(shunt manganin) 87Cu13Mn(manganin) Copper, Miscellaneous, Thermocouple 55Cu45Ni(constantan) 78Cu22Ni 89Cu11Ni 94Cu6Ni 98Cu2Ni Copper, Wrought, Aluminum Bronze Ambraloy 901 C60800 (C60800) Ambraloy 610-Annealed (C61000) C61300 (C61300) C61400 (C61400)
Sheet, strip, plate, wire, rod, bar, and tube Rod, wire
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
66 15 66 15 15
High Conductivity Materials / 53
Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Copper, Wrought, Aluminum Bronze C62300 (C62300) C62400 (C62400) C62500 (C62500) C63000 (C63000) C63200 (C63200)
0.144 u 0.144 u 0.172 u 0.192 u 0.246 u
86.6 u,d 86.6 u,d 103.5 u,d 115.5 u,d 148.0 u,d
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
15 15 15 15 15
20
68
Contact material
65
20 20
68 68
Rod, wire, tube Rod and bar, connectors, electrical and electronic components
66 66
Copper, Wrought, Beryllium Copper 2Be + Ni or Co Berylco 33-25-Precipitation hardened Brush M25-Precipitation hardened CMW 100 CMW 73 Copper No. 172-Heat treated
0.096 to 0.115 u 57.7 to 69.2 u,d 0.0768 u,d 46.2 u 0.0768 u,d 46.2 u 0.0359 t 0.0749 t 0.048 to 0.058 u,d 0.0382 u
21.59 t,d 45.05 t,d 29 to 35 u
20 20 20
68 68 68
23.0 u
20
68
For computer connectors, automotive contact materials, and appliances
66
0.075 u 0.062 u,d 0.0308 u 0.0392 u,d 0.0391 u 0.0466 u 0.047 u 0.054 u 0.0616 u 0.062 u 0.0638 u,d 0.0607 u,d
45 u,d 37 u 18.5 u,d 23.6 u 23.52 u,d 28.0 u,d 28.27 u,d 32.48 u,d 37 u,d 37.29 u,d 38.4 u 36.5 u
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Tube Tube and pipe Electrical equipment and connectors Sheet, strip, plate, wire, rod, bar, and tube
66 66 66 66 15 66 15 15 66 15 66 66
0.043103 max
25.928 max
20
68
78
0.031348 max
18.857 max
20
68
78
0.021551 max
12.964 max
20
68
78
Ampcoloy 910-Annealed ASTM B1 Hard-Drawn Copper Wire
0.0186 approx,d 11.2 approx 0.017745 max 10.674 max
20 20
68 68
ASTM B1 Hard-Drawn Copper Wire
0.017930 max
10.785 max
20
68
ASTM B2 Medium-HardDrawn Copper Wire ASTM B2 Medium-HardDrawn Copper Wire ASTM B3 Soft or Annealed Copper Wire
0.017654 max
10.619 max
20
68
0.017837 max
10.729 max
20
68
0.017241 max
10.371 max
20
68
Brush Alloy 174 (C17410)
Cu-Be Strip, wire, rod
58 58 66
Copper, Wrought, Brass Bridgeport 54-Annealed Bridgeport 77-Annealed Anaconda 210-Annealed (C21000) Anaconda 220-Annealed (C22000) C22000 (C22000) Anaconda 230-Soft annealed (C23000) C23000 (C23000) C24000-O61 (C24000) Anaconda 260-Annealed (C26000) C26000-O61 (C26000) Anaconda 268-Annealed (C26800) Anaconda 280-Annealed (C28000)
Cable grips, connectors
Lamp sockets Clips, lamp sockets Muntz metal, sheet, extruded shapes, plate, rod, bar, and tube
Copper, Wrought, Bronze ASTM B9 Bronze Trolly Wire Alloy 40 ASTM B9 Bronze Trolly Wire Alloy 55 ASTM B9 Bronze Trolly Wire Alloy 80
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper Ingot, billet, forging 8.255 mm (0.325 in.) <= d < 11.684 mm (0.460 in.) 1.024 mm (0.0403 in.) <= d < 08.255 mm (0.325 in.) 8.255 mm (0.325 in.) <= d < 11.684 mm (0.460 in.) 1.024 mm (0.0403 in.) <= d < 08.255 mm (0.325 in.)
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
66 75 75 76 76 77
54 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B33 Tinned Soft or Annealed Copper Wire ASTM B33 Tinned Soft or Annealed Copper Wire ASTM B33 Tinned Soft or Annealed Copper Wire ASTM B33 Tinned Soft or Annealed Copper Wire ASTM B33 Tinned Soft or Annealed Copper Wire ASTM B47 Copper Trolly Wire CDA Copper 109-Annealed
0.018312 max
11.015 max
20
68
0.282 mm (0.0111 in.) <= d < 0.511 mm (0.0201 in.) 0.076 mm (0.0030 in.) <= d < 0.282 mm (0.0111 in.) 0.511 mm (0.0201 in.) <= d < 2.616 mm (0.103 in.) 2.616 mm (0.103 in.) <= d < 7.366 mm (0.290 in.) 7.366 mm (0.290 in.) <= d < 11.684 mm (0.460 in.)
0.018508 max
11.133 max
20
68
0.017930 max
10.785 max
20
68
0.017745 max
10.674 max
20
68
0.017654 max
10.619 max
20
68
0.017745 max 0.0171 u,d
10.674 max 10.3 u
20 20
68 68
Chase 14310-Annealed Cu Cu Cu Anaconda 122-Annealed (C12200)
0.0203 u,d 0.01725 u 0.0158 u 0.0169 u 0.0203 u,d
12.2 u 10.38 u,d 9.50 u,d 10.17 u,d 12.2 u
20 27 25 20 20
68 80.6 77 68 68
C15100 (C15100) C15500 (C15500) CR 155-Precipitation heat treated (C15500)
0.0181 max 0.0199 max 0.0166 u,d
10.89 max,d 11.97 max,d 10.0 u
20 20 20
68 68 68
0.266 u,d 0.2776 u,d 0.18 u 0.0431 max 0.19 u 0.191 u 0.395 u 0.159 u,d
160 u 167 u 108 u,d 25.93 max,d 114 u,d 115 u 237.6 u,d 95.8 u
20 20 25 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 77 68 68 68 68 68
Tube, wire, and strip Bar, rod, tube, pipe, plated, sheet, strip, and wire Wire and strip Lead frame alloy Sheet, strip, plate, tube, rod, and bar Plate
15Zn 20Zn 35Zn Ambraloy 687-Annealed Anaconda 226-Annealed Brimcolloy 100 Brimcolloy 200 Brimcolloy 300 Chamet Bronze Type A-Annealed Chamet Bronze Type B-Annealed Chase 69000-Annealed
0.047 u 0.054 u 0.064 u 0.0750 u,d 0.0431 u,d 0.0632 u,d 0.0665 u,d 0.0715 u,d 0.066 u,d 0.066 u,d 0.096 u,d
28 u,d 32 u,d 38.5 u,d 45.1 u 25.9 u 38 u 40 u 43 u 40 u 40 u 58 u
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Contact material Contact material Contact material Tube Sheet, strip, plate and wire Strip Strip Strip Wire Drawn bar and rod Bellows connectors, circuit breakers, clips, springs, wiring devices
C68800-H08 (C68800) C68800-O61 (C68800)
0.104 u 0.096 u
62.6 u,d 57.75 u,d
20 20
68 68
0.0203 max
12.21 max,d
20
68
Bus bars, conductors cable shielding, waveguides, heatsinks, lead frames Strip and sheet Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Sheet, strip, plate, wire, rod, bar, pipe, tube, extruded shapes and wrought plating anodes Lead frame alloy Lead frame alloy Electric motor commutators, heat-sink washers, hookup wire
79 79 79 79 79 80 66 66 18 18 18 66 20 20 66
Copper, Wrought, Copper Nickel Bridgeport 520-Soft CDA 710 Cunife II C70250 (C70250) Anaconda 706-Annealed (C70600) Carlson 90 10 CuNi (C70600) C71900-Spinodal-hardened (C71900) C72800-Spinodal heat treated (C72800)
Bar, rod, strip, sheet, pipe, plate, tube, extrusions, wire, forging
66 66 66 20 66 66 15 66
Copper, Wrought, Copper Zinc 65 65 65 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 15 15
Copper, Wrought, High Copper CCZ
Lead frame alloy
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
20
High Conductivity Materials / 55
Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ . m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Copper, Wrought, High Copper Copper No. 194-Annealed
0.0249 u,d
15 u
20
68
Electrical components such as springs, contacts, connections, terminals, transistor bases, lead frames Lead frame alloy Lead frame alloy Lead frame alloy Lead frame alloy Lead frame alloy
66
C19010 (C19010) C19210 (C19210) C19400 (C19400) C19500 (C19500) C19700 (C19700)
0.0287 max 0.0203 max 0.0254 max 0.0344 max 0.0216 max
17.26 max,d 12.21 max,d 15.28 max,d 20.69 max,d 12.99 max,d
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
0.062 u,d 0.0663 u,d 0.0663 u,d 0.064 u
37 u 39.9 u 39.9 u 38.50 u,d
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
Rod, shape, extrusion, and forging Tube Wire, rod, bar, and extruded shapes
66 66 66 15
0.0180 nom,d
10.8 nom
20
68
Current carrying studs, connectors, solder tips
66
0.036 u 0.11 u 0.13 u 0.0002 u,d 0.0575 max 0.0489 max 0.115 u
21.7 u,d 66.2 u,d 78.2 u,d 0.102 u 34.59 max,d 29.41 max,d 69.2 u,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Contact material Contact material Contact material Rod, bar, rolled flat products, strip, wire Lead frame alloy Lead frame alloy Electronic and precision instrument parts
65 65 65 66 20 20 66 66
66
20 20 20 20 20
Copper, Wrought, Leaded Brass Copper No. 385-Annealed Anaconda 330-Annealed (C33000) Anaconda 360-Annealed (C36000) C37700 (C37700) Copper, Wrought, Leaded Copper Anaconda 1870-Annealed Copper, Wrought, Phosphor Bronze 1.25Sn + P 5Sn + P 8Sn + P CDA Alloy 544 C50710 (C50710) C50715 (C50715) Brush Phosphor Bronze (C51000)
Copper, Wrought, Sintered Powder Metal C15715-Annealed (C15715)
0.0186 u
11.19 u
20
68
C15720-Annealed (C15720)
0.0194 u
11.68 u
20
68
C15760-Annealed (C15760)
0.0221 u
13.29 u
20
68
Lamp leads, commutators, brush springs, switches, lead frame Lamp leads, commutators, amortisseur bars, switches, lead frame Welding rods and wheels, soldering gun tips
0.055 u,d 0.0690 u,d
33 u 41.5 u
20 20
68 68
Flats for fuse clips, contact springs, connectors Sheet, strip, plate, tube, rod, and bar
66 66
0.0172 u 0.0371 u,d 0.0203 t
10.35 u,d 22.3 u 12.21 t,d
20 20 20
68 68 68
Contact material Rod, welding rod, electrical connectors Cu-Cr, forging minor dim <= 19 mm (0.75 in.). Forging minor dim <= 19 mm (0.75 in.)
65 66 58
0.0235 t
14.14 t,d
20
68
58
0.39 u 0.15 u 0.17 u 0.108 u 0.108 u 0.125 t 0.157 t
234.6 u,d 90.2 u,d 102.3 u,d 65.0 u,d 65.0 u,d 75.19 t,d 94.44 t,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68
65 65 65 65 65 58 58
66
Copper, Wrought, Tin Brass C42200-Annealed (C42200) Anaconda 443-Annealed (C44300) Copper, Wrought, Unclassified 0.04 oxide Berylco 10-52 CMW 3 Noble, Gold, Commercially Pure Gold CMW Pure Gold Noble, Gold, Electrical Contact 41.7Au32.5Cu18.8Ni7Zn 69Au25Ag6Pt 72.5Au14Cu8.5Pt4Ag1Zn 75Au25Ag 90Au10Cu CMW Elkonium 70 CMW Elkonium 72
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
56 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ . m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Noble, Gold, Electrical Contact CMW Elkonium 76 Gold
0.127 t 0.0235 u
76.39 t,d 14.1 u,d
20 20
68 68
58 65
0.020 u 0.02271 u 0.022 u
12.03 u,d 13.66 u,d 13.23 u,d
25 27 20
77 80.6 68
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18
0.050 u 0.051 u 0.0533 u
30.08 u,d 30.68 u,d 32.06 u,d
25 20 27
77 68 80.6
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18
0.084 u 0.088 u 0.1059 u
50.53 u,d 52.93 u,d 63.70 u,d
25 20 27
77 68 80.6
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18
0.35 u 0.39 u 0.315 u 0.43 u 0.35 u 1.3795 u 0.40 u 0.43 u 0.27 u 0.242 u 0.108 t 0.285 t 0.430 t
210.5 u,d 234.6 u,d 189.48 u,d 258.7 u,d 210.5 u,d 829.81 u,d 240.6 u,d 258.7 u,d 162.4 u,d 145.6 u,d 64.97 t,d 171.44 t,d 258.66 t,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
0.108 u 0.1080 u 0.108 u 0.1050 u
64.97 u,d 64.97 u,d 65.0 u,d 63.16 u,d
27 20 20 25
80.6 68 68 77
0.113 t
67.97 t,d
20
68
58
0.36 u 0.35 u 0.33 u 0.31 u 0.46 u 0.43 u 0.25 u 0.43 u 0.19 u 0.315 u
216.6 u,d 210.5 u,d 198.5 u,d 186.5 u,d 276.7 u,d 258.7 u,d 150 u,d 258.7 u,d 114.3 u,d 189.5 u,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
Noble, Gold, Unclassified Au Au Au Noble, Iridium, Unclassified Ir Ir Ir Noble, Osmium, Unclassified Os Os Os Noble, Palladium, Electrical Contact 35Pd30Ag14Cu10Pt10Au1Zn 45Pd30Ag20Au5Pt 50Pd50Ag 60Pd40Ag 60Pd40Cu 60Pd40Cu 70Pd30Ag 72Pd26Ag2Ni 90Pd10Ru 95.5Pd4.5 CMW Elkonium 40 CMW Elkonium 405 CMW Elkonium 42
Annealed and quenched
65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 58 58 58
Noble, Palladium, Unclassified Pd Pd Pd Pd
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 65 18
Noble, Platinum, Commercially Pure CMW Elkonium 30 Noble, Platinum, Electrical Contact 65Pt35Ir 70Pt30Ir 75Pt25Ir 80Pt20Ir 86Pt14Ru 89Pt11Ru 90Pt10Ir 90Pt10Ru 95Pt5Ir 95Pt5Ru
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
High Conductivity Materials / 57
Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Noble, Platinum, Electrical Contact 96Pt4W CMW Elkonium 301 CMW Elkonium 302 CMW Elkonium 305 CMW Elkonium 306 CMW Elkonium 32 CMW Elkonium 33 CMW Elkonium 331 CMW Elkonium 34
0.36 u 0.285 t 0.430 t 0.345 t 0.430 t 0.315 t 0.430 t 0.429 t 0.430 t
216.6 u,d 171.44 t,d 258.66 t,d 207.53 t,d 258.66 t,d 189.48 t,d 258.66 t,d 258.06 t,d 258.66 t,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
65 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58
0.106 u 0.1080 u 0.1064 u 0.104 u 0.106 u
63.8 u,d 64.97 u,d 64.00 u,d 62.56 u,d 63.76 u,d
20 27 20 25 20
68 80.6 68 77 68
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
65 18 65 18 18
0.0501 u 0.0440 u 0.0470 u 0.045 u
30.14 u,d 26.47 u,d 28.27 u,d 27.07 u,d
27 25 20 20
80.6 77 68 68
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18
0.075 u 0.0630 u 0.0770 u
45.11 u,d 37.90 u,d 46.32 u,d
20 25 20
68 77 68
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18
0.0166 t 0.0159 u
9.99 t,d 9.56 u,d
20 20
68 68
Contact material
58 65
0.0493 t 0.0174 t 0.0192 t 0.0313 t 0.0169 t 0.0167 t 0.0172 t
29.66 t,d 10.47 t,d 11.55 t,d 18.83 t,d 10.17 t,d 10.05 t,d 10.35 t,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68
0.493 u 0.0230 t 0.0236 t 0.0246 t 0.0254 t 0.0254 t 0.0230 t 0.0210 t 0.0230 t 0.0313 t 0.0239 t
297 u,d 13.84 t,d 14.20 t,d 14.80 t,d 15.28 t,d 15.28 t,d 13.84 t,d 12.63 t,d 13.84 t,d 18.83 t,d 14.38 t,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Noble, Platinum, Unclassified Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Noble, Rhodium Rh Rh Rh Rh Noble, Ruthenium Ru Ru Ru Noble, Silver, Commercially Pure CMW Fine Silver Fine silver Noble, Silver, Electrical Contact CMW D1058 CMW D158F CMW D57F CMW D58 CMW D581F CMW D582F CMW D583F
58 58 58 58 58 58 58
Noble, Silver, Silver Cadmium 85Ag15Cd CMW D154F CMW D154X CMW D155F CMW D155X CMW D355F CMW D54 CMW D54F CMW D54X CMW D55 CMW D55F
Contact material
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
65 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58
58 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ . m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Noble, Silver, Silver Cadmium CMW D55X CMW Elkonium 17 CMW Elkonium 18 CMW Elkonium 217
0.0246 t 0.0556 t 0.0401 t 0.0493 t
14.80 t,d 33.45 t,d 24.12 t,d 29.66 t,d
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
58 58 58 58
0.029 u 0.02 u 0.02 u 0.02 u 0.0210 t 0.0230 t 0.0205 t 0.0178 t 0.0192 t
17 u,d 12 u,d 12 u,d 12 u,d 12.63 t,d 13.84 t,d 12.33 t,d 10.71 t,d 11.55 t,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Contact material Contact material Contact material Contact material
65 65 65 65 58 58 58 58 58
0.042 u 4.310E-02 t
25 u,d 25.93 t,d
20 20
68 68
Contact material
65 58
0.0257 t 0.0181 t 0.0216 t 0.0198 t 0.0313 t
15.46 t,d 10.89 t,d 12.99 t,d 11.91 t,d 18.83 t,d
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
0.23 u 0.143 u 0.053 u 0.029 u 0.0297 t 2.180E-02 t
138 u,d 86.0 u,d 32 u,d 17 u,d 17.87 t,d 13.11 t,d
20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68
Contact material Contact material Contact material Contact material
65 65 65 65 58 58
0.035 u 0.0383 t
21 u,d 23.04 t,d
20 20
68 68
Contact material
65 58
0.0163 u 0.0147 u 0.016 u 0.01629 u 0.172 t 0.023 t
9.80 u,d 8.84 u,d 9.62 u,d 9.80 u,d 103.46 t,d 13.84 t,d
20 25 20 27 20 20
68 77 68 80.6 68 68
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 58 58
349.97 u,d 339.99 u,d 674.92 u,d 469.98 u,d 94.98 u,d
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
Noble, Silver, Silver Copper 72Ag26Cu2Ni 72Ag28Cu 90Ag10Cu 92.5Ag7.5Cu CMW Coin Silver CMW Elkonium 1 CMW Elkonium 22 CMW Elkonium 23 CMW Elkonium 73 Noble, Silver, Silver Gold 90Ag10Au CMW Elkonium 71 Noble, Silver, Silver Nickel CMW D50 CMW D505F CMW D50F CMW D510F CMW D56
58 58 58 58 58
Noble, Silver, Silver Palladium 60Ag40Pd 70Ag30Pd 90Ag10Pd 97Ag3Pd CMW Elkonium 45 CMW Elkonium 46 Noble, Silver, Silver Platinum 97Ag3Pt CMW Elkonium 36 Noble, Silver, Unclassified Ag Ag Ag Ag CMW Elkonium 28 CMW Elkonium 63
Thermostat Metals, Unclassified, Unclassified 66.5Fe22Ni8.5Cr 67Ni30Cu1.4Fe1Mn 72Mn18Cu10Ni 75Fe22Ni3Cr 75Fe22Ni3Cr
0.5818 u 0.5652 u 1.122 u 0.7813 u 0.1579 u
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
65 65 65 65 65
High Conductivity Materials / 59
Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ . m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Unclassified AL 4750 Armco 48 K75 KLF-125
0.48 u 0.48 u 0.0228 max 0.0489 max
289 u,d 289 u,d 13.71 max,d 29.41 max,d
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
Lead frame alloy Lead frame alloy
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
65 65 20 20
60 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.3a Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Aluminum Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m*
% IACS
Aluminum, Wrought, 1xxx Commercially Pure Aluminum 1060-H18 (A91060) 117 t 201 t 1060-O (A91060) 118 t 204 t 1100-H18 (A91100) 108 t 187 t 1100-O (A91100) 113 t 194 t 1350-All (A91350) 118 t 204 t Aluminum, Wrought, 2xxx Aluminum Copper 2011-T3 (A92011) 71 t 123 t 2011-T8 (A92011)
82 t
2014-O (A92014)
92 t
2014-T4 (A92014)
63 t
2014-T6 (A92014)
74 t
2017-O (A92017)
92 t
2017-T4 (A92017)
63 t
2018-T61 (A92018)
74 t
2024-O (A92024)
93 t
142 t 159 t 108 t 127 t 159 t 108 t 127 t 160 t 2024-T3 (A92024)
56 t
2024-T361 (A92024)
56 t
2024-T4 (A92024)
56 t
2024-T6 (A92024)
71 t
2024-T81 (A92024)
71 t
2024-T861 (A92024)
71 t
2025-T6 (A92025)
74 t
2036-T4 (A92036)
78 t
96 t 96 t 96 t 122 t 122 t 122 t 128 t
2038-T4 (A92038) 2117-T4 (A92117)
135 t 132 t 75 t
Temperature oF oC
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Notes
Reference
3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1
Obsolete, EC Grade Obsolete, EC Grade
3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 54 3
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References. *Ref 3 reports conductivity for equal mass at 20 o C in MS/m, MS/m=0.58 x %IACS.
High Conductivity Materials / 61
Table 2.3a Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Aluminum Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m*
Aluminum, Wrought, 2xxx Aluminum Copper 2117-T4 (A92117) 2124-T851 (A92124) 71 t
% IACS
130 t
73 t
2219-O (A92219)
80 t
2219-T31 (A92219)
57 t
2219-T37 (A92219)
57 t
2219-T6 (A92219)
58 t
2219-T81 (A92219)
58 t
2219-T87 (A92219)
58 t
2618-T6 (A92618)
70 t
1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1
158 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1
172 t
20 20
68 68
3 1
138 t 88 t 88 t 94 t 94 t 94 t 120 t Aluminum, Wrought, 3xxx Aluminum Manganese 3003-H12 (A93003) 78 t 137 t 78 t
3003-H18 (A93003)
74 t
3003-O (A93003)
92 t
3004-All (A93004)
79 t
3105-All (A93105)
86 t
134 t 130 t 163 t 137 t 148 t Aluminum, Wrought, 4xxx Aluminum Silicon 4032-O (A94032) 77 t 132 t 4032-T6 (A94032)
67 t
4043-O (A94043)
81 t
4045-All (A94045)
88 t
4343-All (A94343)
92 t
Reference
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
126 t
3003-H14 (A93003)
Notes
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
122 t 2218-T72 (A92218)
Temperature oF oC
116 t 140 t 151 t
Aluminum, Wrought, 5xxx Aluminum Magnesium 5005-All (A95005) 100 t
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References. *Ref 3 reports conductivity for equal mass at 20 o C in MS/m, MS/m=0.58 x %IACS.
62 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.3a Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Aluminum Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m*
% IACS
Aluminum, Wrought, 5xxx Aluminum Magnesium 5050-All (A95050) 96 t
Temperature oF oC
180 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Aluminum, Wrought, 6xxx Aluminum Magnesium Silicon 6005-T1 (A96005) 90 t 155 t 6005-T5 (A96005) 93 t 161 t 6009-All (A96009) 83.5 t,d 144 t 6010-All (A96010) 128 t 6053-O (A96053) 86 t 148 t 6053-T4 (A96053) 81 t 132 t 6053-T6 (A96053) 77 t 139 t 6061-O (A96061) 90 t 155 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
165 t 5052-All (A95052)
67 t
5056-H38 (A95056)
53 t
116 t 91 t 5056-O (A95056)
57 t
5083-O (A95083)
57 t
5086-All (A95086)
60 t
5154-All (A95154)
62 t
5252-All (A95252)
67 t
5254-All (A95254)
62 t
98 t 98 t 104 t 107 t 116 t 107 t 5356-O (A95356)
57 t
5454-H38 (A95456)
66 t
5454-O (A95454)
66 t
5456-O (A95456)
57 t
5457-All (A95457)
89 t
5652-All (A95652)
69 t
98 t 113 t 113 t 98 t 153 t 116 t 5657-All (A95657)
104 t
Notes
Reference
Obsolete Obsolete
3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1
Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete
Obsolete Obsolete
Obsolete Obsolete
3 1 3 1 54 54 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References. *Ref 3 reports conductivity for equal mass at 20 o C in MS/m, MS/m=0.58 x %IACS.
High Conductivity Materials / 63
Table 2.3a Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Aluminum Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m*
% IACS
Aluminum, Wrought, 6xxx Aluminum Magnesium Silicon 6061-T4 (A96061) 77 t 132 t 6061-T6 (A96061) 82 t 142 t 6063-O (A96063) 111 t 191 t 6063-T1 (A96063) 96 t 165 t 6063-T5 (A96063) 105 t 181 t 6063-T6 (A96063) 102 t 175 t 6063-T83 (A96063) 102 t 175 t 6066-O (A96066) 77 t 132 t 6066-T6 (A96066) 71 t 122 t 6070-T6 (A96070) 84 t 145 t 6101-T6 (A96101) 109 t 188 t 6101-T61 (A96101) 113 t 194 t 6101-T63 (A96101) 111 t 191 t 6101-T64 (A96101) 115 t 198 t 6101-T65 (A96101) 111 t 191 t 6105-T1 (A96105) 88 t 151 t 6105-T5 (A96105) 96 t 165 t 6111-T4 (A96111) 76 t,d 131 t 6111-T6 (A96111) 85.3 t,d 147 t 6151-O (A96151) 103 t 178 t 6151-T4 (A96151) 80 t 138 t 6151-T6 (A96151) 86 t 148 t 6201-T81 (A96201) 104 t 180 t 6262-T9 (A96262) 84 t 145 t 6351-T6 (A96351) 88 t
Temperature oF oC
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Notes
Reference
3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 54 54 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References. *Ref 3 reports conductivity for equal mass at 20 o C in MS/m, MS/m=0.58 x %IACS.
64 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.3a Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Aluminum Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m*
% IACS
Aluminum, Wrought, 6xxx Aluminum Magnesium Silicon 6351-T6 (A96351) 151 t 6463-T1 (A96463) 96 t 165 t 6463-T5 (A96463) 105 t 181 t 6463-T6 (A96463) 102 t 175 t 6951-O (A96951) 108 t 186 t 6951-T6 (A96951) 100 t 172 t Aluminum, Wrought, 7xxx Aluminum Zinc 7021-T61 (A97021) 78.3 t,d 7029-T5 (A97029) 77.1 t,d 7029-T6 (A97029) 77.1 t,d 7049-T73 (A97049) 77 t
135 t 133 t 133 t 132 t
7050-T74 (A97050)
78 t
7072-O (A97072)
112 t
7075-T6 (A97075)
61 t
135 t 193 t
7116-T5 (A97116) 7129-T5 (A97129) 7129-T6 (A97129) 7175-T74 (A97175) 7178-T6 (A97178)
85.8 t,d 77.1 t,d 77.1 72 t 57 t
7475-T61 (A97475) 7475-T651 (A97475) 7475-T7351 (A97475) 7475-T76 (A97475) 7475-T761 (A97475) Alcoa 7021-T61 Alcoa 7029-T5
69 t 69 t 81 t 77 t 77 t
105 t 148 t 133 t 133 t
98 t 119 t,d 119 t,d 140 t,d 133 t,d 133 t,d 135 u 133 u
Aluminum, Wrought, 8xxx Aluminum-Other Elements 8017-H12 (A98017) 113 t 8017-H212 (A98017) 117 t 200 t 8017-H22 (A98017) 8030-H221 (A98030)
113 t 117 t
8176-H24 (A98176)
117 t
201 t 201 t
Temperature oF oC
Notes
Reference
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
54 54 54 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 54 54 54 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 66 66
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
T74 previously T73 and T736 T74 previously T73 and T736 T74 previously T73 and T736 T74 previously T73 and T736
Auto bumper Auto bumper
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References. *Ref 3 reports conductivity for equal mass at 20 o C in MS/m, MS/m=0.58 x %IACS.
3 3 1 3 3 1 3 1
High Conductivity Materials / 65
Table 2.3b Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Copper Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
2
Sm /g
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Copper, Wrought, Aluminum Bronze ASTM B422 C63800 (C63800)
0.652 min,d
10.00 min,d
20
68
Sheet and strip
44
2.610 min,d
40.00 min,d
20
68
78
3.588 min,d
55.01 min,d
20
68
78
5.219 min,d
80.00 min,d
20
68
78
6.339 min,d
97.16 min,d
20
68
6.274 min,d
96.16 min,d
20
68
ASTM B115 Grade 2 ASTM B152 C10100-Hxx (C10100)
6.524 min,d 6.405 min,d
100.00 min,d 98.17 min,d
20 20
68 68
ASTM B152 C10100-O60 (C10100)
6.589 min,d
101.00 min,d
20
68
ASTM B152 C10200-Hxx (C10200)
6.339 min,d
97.16 min,d
20
68
ASTM B152 C10200-O60 (C10200)
6.524 min,d
100.00 min,d
20
68
ASTM B152 C11000-Hxx (C11000)
6.339 min,d
97.16 min,d
20
68
ASTM B152 C11000-O60 (C11000)
6.524 min,d
100.00 min,d
20
68
ASTM B152 C12000-Hxx (C12000)
5.741 min,d
88.00 min,d
20
68
ASTM B152 C12000-Oxx (C12000)
5.872 min,d
90.00 min,d
20
68
ASTM B170 Grade 1 (C10100)
6.589 min,d
101.00 min,d
20
68
ASTM B170 Grade 2 (C10200)
6.524 min,d
100.00 min,d
20
68
ASTM B187 C10100-H04 (C10100)
6.483 min,d
99.37 min,d
20
68
6.416 min,d
98.35 min,d
20
68
6.589 min,d 6.420 min,d
101.00 min,d 98.40 min,d
20 20
68 68
6.354 min,d
97.40 min,d
20
68
6.524 min,d 6.274 min,d 6.405 min,d 6.420 min,d
100.00 min,d 96.16 min,d 98.17 min,d 98.40 min,d
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
Copper, Wrought, Bronze ASTM B9 Bronze Trolly Wire Alloy 40 ASTM B9 Bronze Trolly Wire Alloy 55 ASTM B9 Bronze Trolly Wire Alloy 80
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B1 Hard-Drawn Copper Wire
ASTM B187 C10100-O60 (C10100) ASTM B187 C10200-H04 (C10200)
ASTM B187 C10200-O60 (C10200) ASTM B187 C10300-H04 (C10300) ASTM B187 C10300-O60 (C10300) ASTM B187 C10400-H04 (C10400)
8.255 mm (0.325 in.) <= d < 11.684 mm (0.460 in.). Test ASTM B 193 1.024 mm (0.0403 in.) <= d < 08.255 mm (0.325 in.). Test ASTM B 193 Electrolytic cathode. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Oxygen free electrolytic wire bars, billets, and cakes. Test to ASTM B 193 Oxygen free electrolytic wire bars, billets, and cakes. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
75 75 31 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 34 34 36
36
36 36
36
36 36 36 36
66 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.3b Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Copper Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
2
Sm /g
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B187 C10400-H04 (C10400)
6.354 min,d
97.40 min,d
20
68
ASTM B187 C10400-O60 (C10400) ASTM B187 C10500-H04 (C10500)
6.524 min,d 6.420 min,d
100.00 min,d 98.40 min,d
20 20
68 68
6.354 min,d
97.40 min,d
20
68
6.524 min,d 6.420 min,d
100.00 min,d 98.40 min,d
20 20
68 68
6.354 min,d
97.40 min,d
20
68
6.524 min,d 6.420 min,d
100.00 min,d 98.40 min,d
20 20
68 68
6.354 min,d
97.40 min,d
20
68
6.524 min,d 6.420 min,d
100.00 min,d 98.40 min,d
20 20
68 68
6.354 min,d
97.40 min,d
20
68
6.524 min,d 6.420 min,d
100.00 min,d 98.40 min,d
20 20
68 68
6.354 min,d
97.40 min,d
20
68
6.524 min,d 6.420 min,d
100.00 min,d 98.40 min,d
20 20
68 68
6.354 min,d
97.40 min,d
20
68
6.524 min,d 6.420 min,d
100.00 min,d 98.40 min,d
20 20
68 68
6.354 min,d
97.40 min,d
20
68
6.524 min,d
100.00 min,d
20
68
ASTM B187 C10500-O60 (C10500) ASTM B187 C10700-H04 (C10700)
ASTM B187 C10700-O60 (C10700) ASTM B187 C10920-H04 (C10920)
ASTM B187 C10920-O60 (C10920) ASTM B187 C10930-H04 (C10930)
ASTM B187 C10930-O60 (C10930) ASTM B187 C10940-H04 (C10940)
ASTM B187 C10940-O60 (C10940) ASTM B187 C11000-H04 (C11000)
ASTM B187 C11000-O60 (C11000) ASTM B187 C11300-H04 (C11300)
ASTM B187 C11300-O60 (C11300)
Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
36
36 36
36
36 36
36
36 36
36
36 36
36
36 36
36
36 36
36
36 36
36
36
High Conductivity Materials / 67
Table 2.3b Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Copper Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
Sm 2 /g
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B187 C11400-H04 (C11400)
6.420 min,d
98.40 min,d
20
68
6.354 min,d
97.40 min,d
20
68
6.524 min,d 6.420 min,d
100.00 min,d 98.40 min,d
20 20
68 68
6.354 min,d
97.40 min,d
20
68
6.524 min,d 6.420 min,d
100.00 min,d 98.40 min,d
20 20
68 68
6.354 min,d
97.40 min,d
20
68
6.524 min,d 6.132 min,d 6.198 min,d 6.589 min,d
100.00 min,d 93.99 min,d 95.00 min,d 101.00 min,d
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
6.483 min,d
99.37 min,d
20
68
6.443 min,d
98.75 min,d
20
68
6.416 min,d
98.35 min,d
20
68
6.364 min,d
97.55 min,d
20
68
6.303 min,d
96.61 min,d
20
68
6.420 min,d
98.40 min,d
20
68
6.380 min,d
97.80 min,d
20
68
6.354 min,d
97.40 min,d
20
68
6.354 min,d
97.40 min,d
20
68
6.303 min,d
96.61 min,d
20
68
ASTM B188 C10200-O60 (C10200)
6.524 min,d
100.00 min,d
20
68
ASTM B188 C10300-H80 (C10300)
6.274 min,d
96.16 min,d
20
68
ASTM B188 C10300-O60 (C10300)
6.405 min,d
98.17 min,d
20
68
ASTM B188 C10400-H80 (C10400)
6.420 min,d
98.40 min,d
20
68
ASTM B187 C11400-O60 (C11400) ASTM B187 C11500-H04 (C11500)
ASTM B187 C11500-O60 (C11500) ASTM B187 C11600-H04 (C11600)
ASTM B187 C11600-O60 (C11600) ASTM B187 C14420-H04 (C14420) ASTM B187 C14420-O60 (C14420) ASTM B188 C10100-O60 (C10100)
ASTM B188 C10200-H80 (C10200)
Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
36
36
36 36
36
36 36
36
36 36 36 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37
68 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.3b Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Copper Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
2
Sm /g
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B188 C10400-H80 (C10400)
6.380 min,d
97.80 min,d
20
68
6.354 min,d
97.40 min,d
20
68
6.354 min,d
97.40 min,d
20
68
6.303 min,d
96.61 min,d
20
68
ASTM B188 C10400-O60 (C10400)
6.524 min,d
100.00 min,d
20
68
ASTM B188 C10500-H80 (C10500)
6.420 min,d
98.40 min,d
20
68
6.380 min,d
97.80 min,d
20
68
6.354 min,d
97.40 min,d
20
68
6.354 min,d
97.40 min,d
20
68
6.303 min,d
96.61 min,d
20
68
ASTM B188 C10500-O60 (C10500)
6.524 min,d
100.00 min,d
20
68
ASTM B188 C10700-H80 (C10700)
6.420 min,d
98.40 min,d
20
68
6.380 min,d
97.80 min,d
20
68
6.354 min,d
97.40 min,d
20
68
6.354 min,d
97.40 min,d
20
68
6.303 min,d
96.61 min,d
20
68
ASTM B188 C10700-O60 (C10700)
6.524 min,d
100.00 min,d
20
68
ASTM B188 C11000-H80 (C10920)
6.420 min,d
98.40 min,d
20
68
6.380 min,d
97.80 min,d
20
68
6.354 min,d
97.40 min,d
20
68
6.354 min,d
97.40 min,d
20
68
6.303 min,d
96.61 min,d
20
68
ASTM B188 C11000-O60 (C10920)
6.524 min,d
100.00 min,d
20
68
ASTM B188 C11300-H80 (C10930)
6.420 min,d
98.40 min,d
20
68
6.380 min,d
97.80 min,d
20
68
6.354 min,d
97.40 min,d
20
68
6.354 min,d
97.40 min,d
20
68
Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37
High Conductivity Materials / 69
Table 2.3b Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Copper Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
2
Sm /g
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B188 C11300-H80 (C10930)
6.303 min,d
96.61 min,d
20
68
ASTM B188 C11300-O60 (C10930)
6.524 min,d
100.00 min,d
20
68
ASTM B188 C11400-H80 (C10940)
6.420 min,d
98.40 min,d
20
68
6.380 min,d
97.80 min,d
20
68
6.354 min,d
97.40 min,d
20
68
6.354 min,d
97.40 min,d
20
68
6.303 min,d
96.61 min,d
20
68
ASTM B188 C11400-O60 (C10940)
6.524 min,d
100.00 min,d
20
68
ASTM B188 C11600-H80 (C11000)
6.420 min,d
98.40 min,d
20
68
6.380 min,d
97.80 min,d
20
68
6.354 min,d
97.40 min,d
20
68
6.354 min,d
97.40 min,d
20
68
6.303 min,d
96.61 min,d
20
68
ASTM B188 C11600-O60 (C11000)
6.524 min,d
100.00 min,d
20
68
ASTM B188 C12000-H80 (C11300)
5.741 min,d
88.00 min,d
20
68
ASTM B188 C12000-O60 (C11300)
5.872 min,d
90.00 min,d
20
68
ASTM B2 Medium-HardDrawn Copper Wire
6.372 min,d
97.66 min,d
20
68
6.306 min,d
96.66 min,d
20
68
6.339 min,d 6.524 min,d 6.524 min,d
97.16 min,d 100.00 min,d 100.00 min,d
20 20 20
68 68 68
5.545 min,d 4.893 min,d 5.872 min,d 6.372 min,d
85.00 min,d 75.00 min,d 90.00 min,d 97.66 min,d
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
6.339 min,d
97.16 min,d
20
68
6.274 min,d
96.16 min,d
20
68
6.143 min,d
94.16 min,d
20
68
6.078 min,d
93.15 min,d
20
68
ASTM B272-H04 ASTM B272-O61 ASTM B3 Soft or Annealed Copper Wire ASTM B301 C14500 (C14500) ASTM B301 C14520 (C14520) ASTM B301 C14700 (C14700) ASTM B33 Tinned Soft or Annealed Copper Wire
Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 8.255 mm (0.325 in.) <= d < 11.684 mm (0.460 in.). Test ASTM B 193 1.024 mm (0.0403 in.) <= d < 08.255 mm (0.325 in.). Test ASTM B 193 Flat wire, strip. Test to ASTM B 193 Flat wire, strip. Test to ASTM B 193
Free-cutting rod and bar Free-cutting rod and bar Free-cutting rod and bar 7.366 mm (0.290 in.) <= d < 11.684 mm (0.460 in.) 2.616 mm (0.103 in.) <= d < 7.366 mm (0.290 in.) 0.511 mm (0.0201 in.) <= d < 2.616 mm (0.103 in.) 0.282 mm (0.0111 in.) <= d < 0.511 mm (0.0201 in.) 0.076 mm (0.0030 in.) <= d < 0.282 mm (0.0111 in.)
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 76 76 38 38 77 39 39 39 79 79 79 79 79
70 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.3b Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Copper Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
2
Sm /g
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B372 C10200 (C10200) ASTM B372 C10300 (C10300) ASTM B372 C12000 (C12000) ASTM B379 C10300 (C10300) ASTM B379 C10800 (C10800) ASTM B447 C10100-H58 (C10100) ASTM B447 C10100-O61 (C10100) ASTM B447 C10200-H58 (C10200) ASTM B447 C10200-O61 (C10200) ASTM B447 C10300-H58 (C10300) ASTM B447 C10300-O61 (C10300) ASTM B447 C11000-H58 (C11000) ASTM B447 C11000-O61 (C11000) ASTM B447 C12000-H58 (C12000) ASTM B447 C12000-O61 (C12000) ASTM B451
6.354 min,d 6.274 min,d 5.741 min,d 6.405 min,d 5.854 min,d 6.405 min,d 6.589 min,d 6.354 min,d 6.524 min,d 6.274 min,d 6.405 min,d 6.339 min,d 6.524 min,d 5.741 min,d 5.872 min,d 6.274 min,d
97.40 min,d 96.16 min,d 88.00 min,d 98.17 min,d 89.73 min,d 98.17 min,d 101.00 min,d 97.40 min,d 100.00 min,d 96.16 min,d 98.17 min,d 97.16 min,d 100.00 min,d 88.00 min,d 90.00 min,d 96.16 min,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
ASTM B47 Copper Trolly Wire ASTM B49 C10100 (C10100) ASTM B49 C10200 (C10200) ASTM B49 C11000 (C11000) ASTM B49 C11040 (C11040) ASTM B5 ETP (C11000)
6.113 min,d 6.339 min,d 6.589 min,d 6.524 min,d 6.524 min,d 6.524 min,d 6.524 min,d
93.69 min,d 97.16 min,d 101.00 min,d 100.00 min,d 100.00 min,d 100.00 min,d 100.00 min,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68
6.372 min,d
97.66 min,d
20
68
6.372 min,d 6.524 min,d
97.66 min,d 100.00 min,d
20 20
68 68
6.372 min,d 6.372 min,d
97.66 min,d 97.66 min,d
20 20
68 68
ASTM B623 FRHC (C11020)
6.524 min,d
100.00 min,d
20
68
ASTM B75 C10100-H55 (C10100) ASTM B75 C10100-H58 (C10100) ASTM B75 C10100-H80 (C10100) ASTM B75 C10100-O50 (C10100) ASTM B75 C10100-O60 (C10100) ASTM B75 C10200-H55 (C10200) ASTM B75 C10200-H58 (C10200) ASTM B75 C10200-H80 (C10200) ASTM B75 C10200-O50 (C10200) ASTM B75 C10200-O60 (C10200) ASTM B75 C10300-H55 (C10300) ASTM B75 C10300-H58 (C10300)
6.372 min,d 6.372 min,d 6.405 min,d 6.405 min,d 6.405 min,d 6.589 min,d 6.589 min,d 6.354 min,d 6.354 min,d 6.354 min,d 6.524 min,d 6.524 min,d 6.274 min,d 6.274 min,d
97.66 min,d 97.66 min,d 98.17 min,d 98.17 min,d 98.17 min,d 101.00 min,d 101.00 min,d 97.40 min,d 97.40 min,d 97.40 min,d 100.00 min,d 100.00 min,d 96.16 min,d 96.16 min,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
ASTM B5 FRHC (C11020)
Seamless waveguide tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless waveguide tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless waveguide tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Phosphorized shapes. Test to ASTM B 193 Phosphorized shapes. Test to ASTM B 193 Welded tube Welded tube Welded tube Welded tube Welded tube Welded tube Welded tube Welded tube Welded tube Welded tube All weights except 1/2 oz/ft**2. Test to ASTM B 193 1/2 oz/ft**2. Test to ASTM B 193 Redraw rod, OFE. Test to ASTM B 193 Redraw rod, OF. Test to ASTM B 193 Redraw rod, ETP. Test to ASTM B 193 Redraw rod, ETP. Test to ASTM B 193 Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for electical use. Test to ASTM B 193 Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for nonelectical use. Test to ASTM B 193 Ingots, ingot bars. Test to ASTM B 193 Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for electical use. Test to ASTM B 193 Ingots, ingot bars. Test to ASTM B 193 Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for nonelectical use. Test to ASTM B 193 Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for electical use. Test to ASTM B 193 Ingot, ingot bars. Test to ASTM B 193 For nonelectrical use. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
40 40 40 41 41 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 47 47 80 25 25 25 25 23 23 23 23 23 23 50 50 50 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
High Conductivity Materials / 71
Table 2.3b Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Copper Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
2
Sm /g
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B75 C10300-H80 (C10300) ASTM B75 C10300-O50 (C10300) ASTM B75 C10300-O60 (C10300) ASTM B75 C12000-H55 (C12000) ASTM B75 C12000-H58 (C12000) ASTM B75 C12000-H80 (C12000) ASTM B75 C12000-O50 (C12000) ASTM B75 C12000-O60 (C12000) ASTM F68 (C10100)
6.274 min,d 6.405 min,d 6.405 min,d 5.741 min,d 5.741 min,d 5.741 min,d 5.872 min,d 5.872 min,d 6.589 min,d
96.16 min,d 98.17 min,d 98.17 min,d 88.00 min,d 88.00 min,d 88.00 min,d 90.00 min,d 90.00 min,d 101.00 min,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 For electron devices. Test to ASTM B 193
30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 53
2.372 min,d 2.372 min,d 2.284 min,d 2.372 min,d 0.652 min,d
36.36 min,d 36.36 min,d 35.00 min,d 36.36 min,d 10.00 min,d
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip, obsolete
44 44 44 44 44
5.872 min,d 5.872 min,d 5.872 min,d 5.872 min,d 5.872 min,d 5.872 min,d 6.197 min,d
90.00 min,d 90.00 min,d 90.00 min,d 90.00 min,d 90.00 min,d 90.00 min,d 94.99 min,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip
52 52 52 52 52 52 52
5.872 min,d 3.914 min,d 3.914 min,d 3.914 min,d 3.914 min,d 3.914 min,d 3.914 min,d 3.914 min,d 3.914 min,d 4.241 min,d 4.241 min,d 4.241 min,d 4.241 min,d 3.914 min,d 3.914 min,d 3.914 min,d 3.914 min,d 3.914 min,d 3.914 min,d 3.914 min,d 3.914 min,d
90.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 65.00 min,d 65.00 min,d 65.00 min,d 65.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 60.00 min,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Free-cutting rod and bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
39 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48
Copper, Wrought, Copper Nickel ASTM B422 C70250-TM00 (C70250) ASTM B422 C70250-TM02 (C70250) ASTM B422 C70250-TM03 (C70250) ASTM B422 C70250-TR02 (C70250) ASTM B422 C72400 (C72400) Copper, Wrought, Copper Zirconium ASTM B747 C15100-H01 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H02 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H03 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H04 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H06 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H08 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-OS015 (C15100) Copper, Wrought, High Copper ASTM B301 C18700 (C18700) ASTM B465 C19200-H01 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H02 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H03 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H04 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H06 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H08 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H10 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H14 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-O50 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-O60 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-O61 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-O62 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19400-H01 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H02 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H03 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H04 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H06 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H08 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H10 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H14 (C19400)
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
72 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.3b Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Copper Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
Sm 2 /g
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Copper, Wrought, High Copper ASTM B465 C19400-O50 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-O60 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-O61 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-O62 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19500-H01 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H02 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H03 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H04 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H06 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H08 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H10 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H14 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-O50 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-O60 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-O61 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-O62 (C19500)
4.241 to 4.893 min,d 4.241 to 4.893 min,d 4.241 to 4.893 min,d 4.241 to 4.893 min,d 2.926 min,d 2.926 min,d 2.926 min,d 2.926 min,d 2.926 min,d 2.926 min,d 2.926 min,d 2.926 min,d 3.251 min,d 3.251 min,d 3.251 min,d 3.251 min,d
65.00 to 75.00 min,d 65.00 to 75.00 min,d 65.00 to 75.00 min,d 65.00 to 75.00 min,d 44.85 min,d 44.85 min,d 44.85 min,d 44.85 min,d 44.85 min,d 44.85 min,d 44.85 min,d 44.85 min,d 49.83 min,d 49.83 min,d 49.83 min,d 49.83 min,d
1.696 to 2.871 min,d 1.696 to 2.871 min,d
26.00 to 44.45 min,d 26.00 to 44.45 min,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48
20
68
Rod and bar
42
20
68
Wire. Test to ASTM B 193
43
Copper, Wrought, Silicon Bronze ASTM B411 C64700-TF00 (C64700) ASTM B412 C64700 (C64700)
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
High Conductivity Materials / 73
Table 2.4 Weight Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
2 Ω g/m
2 Ω lb/mile
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Copper, Wrought, Aluminum Bronze ASTM B422 C63800 (C63800)
1.5328 fio
8752.29 fio,d
20
68
Sheet and strip
44
0.38320 max
2188 max,as spec 1591 max,as spec 1094 max,as spec
20
68
78
20
68
78
20
68
78
20
68
Copper, Wrought, Bronze ASTM B9 Bronze Trolly Wire Alloy 40 ASTM B9 Bronze Trolly Wire Alloy 55 ASTM B9 Bronze Trolly Wire Alloy 80
0.27868 max 0.19160 max
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B1 Hard-Drawn Copper Wire
0.15775 max
900.77 max,as spec 910.15 max,as spec 875.23 max,d
20
68
20
68
891.56 max,d
20
68
866.55 max,d
20
68
900.75 max,d
20
68
875.23 max,d
20
68
900.75 max,d
20
68
875.23 max,d
20
68
994.57 max,d
20
68
972.47 max,d
20
68
866.55 max,d
20
68
875.23 max,d
20
68
880.77 max,d
20
68
0.15585 max,as spec
889.90 max,d
20
68
0.15176 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec
866.55 max,d
20
68
898.58 max,d
20
68
0.15577 max,as spec
889.45 max,d
20
68
0.15328 max,as spec 0.15940 max,as spec 0.15614 max,as spec
875.23 max,d
20
910.17 max,d 891.56 max,d
0.15940 max ASTM B115 Grade 2 ASTM B152 C10100-Hxx (C10100) ASTM B152 C10100-O60 (C10100) ASTM B152 C10200-Hxx (C10200) ASTM B152 C10200-O60 (C10200) ASTM B152 C11000-Hxx (C11000) ASTM B152 C11000-O60 (C11000) ASTM B152 C12000-Hxx (C12000) ASTM B152 C12000-Oxx (C12000) ASTM B170 Grade 1 (C10100) ASTM B170 Grade 2 (C10200) ASTM B187 C10100-H04 (C10100)
ASTM B187 C10100-O60 (C10100) ASTM B187 C10200-H04 (C10200)
ASTM B187 C10200-O60 (C10200) ASTM B187 C10300-H04 (C10300) ASTM B187 C10300-O60 (C10300)
0.15328 max,as spec 0.15614 max,as spec 0.15176 max,as spec 0.15775 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15775 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.17418 max,as spec 0.17031 max,as spec 0.15176 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15425 max,as spec
8.255 mm (0.325 in.) <= d < 11.684 mm (0.460 in.). Test ASTM B 193 1.024 mm (0.0403 in.) <= d < 08.255 mm (0.325 in.). Test ASTM B 193 Electrolytic cathode. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Oxygen free electrolytic wire bars, billets, and cakes. Test to ASTM B 193 Oxygen free electrolytic wire bars, billets, and cakes. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193
75 75 31 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 34 34 36
36
36
68
Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193
36
20
68
Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193
36
20
68
Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193
36
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
36
36
74 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.4 Weight Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
2
Ω g/m
Ω lb/mile
2
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B187 C10400-H04 (C10400)
ASTM B187 C10400-O60 (C10400) ASTM B187 C10500-H04 (C10500)
ASTM B187 C10500-O60 (C10500) ASTM B187 C10700-H04 (C10700)
ASTM B187 C10700-O60 (C10700) ASTM B187 C10920-H04 (C10920)
ASTM B187 C10920-O60 (C10920) ASTM B187 C10930-H04 (C10930)
ASTM B187 C10930-O60 (C10930) ASTM B187 C10940-H04 (C10940)
ASTM B187 C10940-O60 (C10940) ASTM B187 C11000-H04 (C11000)
ASTM B187 C11000-O60 (C11000)
0.15737 max,as spec
898.58 max,d
20
68
0.15577 max,as spec
889.45 max,d
20
68
0.15328 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec
875.23 max,d
20
68
898.58 max,d
20
68
0.15577 max,as spec
889.45 max,d
20
68
0.15328 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec
875.23 max,d
20
68
898.58 max,d
20
68
0.15577 max,as spec
889.45 max,d
20
68
0.15328 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec
875.23 max,d
20
68
898.58 max,d
20
68
0.15577 max,as spec
889.45 max,d
20
68
0.15328 max,as spec 0.15577 max,as spec
875.23 max,d
20
68
889.45 max,d
20
68
0.15737 max,as spec
898.58 max,d
20
68
0.15328 max,as spec 0.15577 max,as spec
875.23 max,d
20
68
889.45 max,d
20
68
0.15737 max,as spec
898.58 max,d
20
68
0.15328 max,as spec 0.15577 max,as spec
875.23 max,d
20
68
889.45 max,d
20
68
0.15737 max,as spec
898.58 max,d
20
68
0.15328 max,as spec
875.23 max,d
20
68
Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
36
36
36 36
36
36 36
36
36 36
36
36 36
36
36 36
36
36 36
36
36
High Conductivity Materials / 75
Table 2.4 Weight Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
2
Ω g/m
Ω lb/mile
2
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B187 C11300-H04 (C11300)
ASTM B187 C11300-O60 (C11300) ASTM B187 C11400-H04 (C11400)
ASTM B187 C11400-O60 (C11400) ASTM B187 C11500-H04 (C11500)
ASTM B187 C11500-O60 (C11500) ASTM B187 C11600-H04 (C11600)
ASTM B187 C11600-O60 (C11600) ASTM B187 C14420-H04 (C14420) ASTM B187 C14420-O60 (C14420) ASTM B188 C10100-O60 (C10100)
ASTM B188 C10200-H80 (C10200)
0.15577 max,as spec
889.45 max,d
20
68
0.15737 max,as spec
898.58 max,d
20
68
0.15328 max,as spec 0.15577 max,as spec
875.23 max,d
20
68
889.45 max,d
20
68
0.15737 max,as spec
898.58 max,d
20
68
0.15328 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec
875.23 max,d
20
68
898.58 max,d
20
68
0.15577 max,as spec
889.45 max,d
20
68
0.15328 max,as spec 0.15577 max,as spec
875.23 max,d
20
68
889.45 max,d
20
68
0.15737 max,as spec
898.58 max,d
20
68
0.15328 max,as spec 0.16307 max,as spec 0.16135 max,as spec 0.15865 max,as spec 0.15713 max,as spec 0.15521 max,as spec 0.15176 max,as spec 0.15425 max,as spec 0.15585 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15673 max,as spec 0.15577 max,as spec 0.15865 max,as spec
875.23 max,d
20
931.13 max,d
Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193
36
36
36 36
36
36 36
36
36
68
Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193
36
20
68
Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193
36
921.31 max,d
20
68
Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193
36
905.89 max,d
20
68
37
897.21 max,d
20
68
886.25 max,d
20
68
866.55 max,d
20
68
880.77 max,d
20
68
889.90 max,d
20
68
898.58 max,d
20
68
894.93 max,d
20
68
889.45 max,d
20
68
905.89 max,d
20
68
Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
36
36
37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37
76 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.4 Weight Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
2
Ω g/m
Ω lb/mile
2
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B188 C10200-H80 (C10200) ASTM B188 C10200-O60 (C10200) ASTM B188 C10300-H80 (C10300) ASTM B188 C10300-O60 (C10300) ASTM B188 C10400-H80 (C10400)
ASTM B188 C10400-O60 (C10400) ASTM B188 C10500-H80 (C10500)
ASTM B188 C10500-O60 (C10500) ASTM B188 C10700-H80 (C10700)
ASTM B188 C10700-O60 (C10700) ASTM B188 C11000-H80 (C10920)
0.15737 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15940 max,as spec 0.15614 max,as spec 0.15577 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15673 max,as spec 0.15865 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15865 max,as spec 0.15577 max,as spec 0.15673 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15577 max,as spec 0.15865 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15673 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15673 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15577 max,as spec 0.15865 max,as spec
898.58 max,d
20
68
875.23 max,d
20
68
910.17 max,d
20
68
891.56 max,d
20
68
889.45 max,d
20
68
898.58 max,d
20
68
898.58 max,d
20
68
894.93 max,d
20
68
905.89 max,d
20
68
875.23 max,d
20
68
898.58 max,d
20
68
905.89 max,d
20
68
889.45 max,d
20
68
894.93 max,d
20
68
898.58 max,d
20
68
875.23 max,d
20
68
898.58 max,d
20
68
889.45 max,d
20
68
905.89 max,d
20
68
898.58 max,d
20
68
894.93 max,d
20
68
875.23 max,d
20
68
894.93 max,d
20
68
898.58 max,d
20
68
898.58 max,d
20
68
889.45 max,d
20
68
905.89 max,d
20
68
Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37
High Conductivity Materials / 77
Table 2.4 Weight Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
2
Ω g/m
Ω lb/mile
2
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B188 C11000-O60 (C10920) ASTM B188 C11300-H80 (C10930)
ASTM B188 C11300-O60 (C10930) ASTM B188 C11400-H80 (C10940)
ASTM B188 C11400-O60 (C10940) ASTM B188 C11600-H80 (C11000)
ASTM B188 C11600-O60 (C11000) ASTM B188 C12000-H80 (C11300) ASTM B188 C12000-O60 (C11300) ASTM B2 Medium-HardDrawn Copper Wire
0.15328 max,as spec 0.15577 max,as spec 0.15865 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15673 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15577 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15673 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15865 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15673 max,as spec 0.15865 max,as spec 0.15577 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.17418 max,as spec 0.17031 max,as spec 0.15694 max 0.15857 max
ASTM B272-H04 ASTM B272-O61 ASTM B3 Soft or Annealed Copper Wire ASTM B301 C14500 (C14500)
0.15775 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15328 max 0.18033 max,as spec
875.23 max,d
20
68
68
Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 8.255 mm (0.325 in.) <= d < 11.684 mm (0.460 in.). Test ASTM B 193 1.024 mm (0.0403 in.) <= d < 08.255 mm (0.325 in.). Test ASTM B 193 Flat wire, strip. Test to ASTM B 193
889.45 max,d
20
68
905.89 max,d
20
68
898.58 max,d
20
68
894.93 max,d
20
68
898.58 max,d
20
68
875.23 max,d
20
68
889.45 max,d
20
68
898.58 max,d
20
68
894.93 max,d
20
68
898.58 max,d
20
68
905.89 max,d
20
68
875.23 max,d
20
68
898.58 max,d
20
68
898.58 max,d
20
68
894.93 max,d
20
68
905.89 max,d
20
68
889.45 max,d
20
68
875.23 max,d
20
68
994.57 max,d
20
68
972.47 max,d
20
68
896.15 max,as spec 905.44 max,as spec 900.75 max,d
20
68
20
68
20
875.23 max,d 875.20 max,as spec 1029.68 max,d
37
38
20
68
Flat wire, strip. Test to ASTM B 193
38
20
68
20
68
37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 76 76
77 Free-cutting rod and bar
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
39
78 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.4 Weight Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
2
Ω g/m
Ω lb/mile
2
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B301 C14520 (C14520) ASTM B301 C14700 (C14700) ASTM B33 Tinned Soft or Annealed Copper Wire
0.20437 max,as spec 0.17030 max,as spec 0.15694 max 0.15940 max 0.16279 max 0.15775 max
ASTM B372 C10200 (C10200) ASTM B372 C10300 (C10300) ASTM B372 C12000 (C12000) ASTM B379 C10300 (C10300) ASTM B379 C10800 (C10800) ASTM B447 C10100-H58 (C10100) ASTM B447 C10100-O61 (C10100) ASTM B447 C10200-H58 (C10200) ASTM B447 C10200-O61 (C10200) ASTM B447 C10300-H58 (C10300) ASTM B447 C10300-O61 (C10300) ASTM B447 C11000-H58 (C11000) ASTM B447 C11000-O61 (C11000) ASTM B447 C12000-H58 (C12000) ASTM B447 C12000-O61 (C12000) ASTM B451
ASTM B49 C10100 (C10100) ASTM B49 C10200 (C10200) ASTM B49 C11000 (C11000) ASTM B49 C11040 (C11040)
0.15737 max,if spec 0.15940 max,if spec 0.17418 max,if spec 0.15614 max,as spec 0.17081 max,as spec 0.15614 max,as spec 0.15176 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15940 max,as spec 0.15614 max,as spec 0.15775 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.17418 max,as spec 0.17031 max,as spec 0.16359 max,as spec 0.15940 max,as spec 0.15176 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec
1166.95 max,d
20
68
Free-cutting rod and bar
39
972.41 max,d
20
68
Free-cutting rod and bar
39
896.15 max,as spec 910.15 max,as spec 929.52 max,as spec 900.77 max,as spec 898.58 max,d
20
68
79
20
68
20
68
20
68
20
68
7.366 mm (0.290 in.) <= d < 11.684 mm (0.460 in.) 0.511 mm (0.0201 in.) <= d < 2.616 mm (0.103 in.) 0.282 mm (0.0111 in.) <= d < 0.511 mm (0.0201 in.) 2.616 mm (0.103 in.) <= d < 7.366 mm (0.290 in.) Seamless waveguide tube. Test to ASTM B 193
40
910.17 max,d
20
68
Seamless waveguide tube. Test to ASTM B 193
40
994.57 max,d
20
68
Seamless waveguide tube. Test to ASTM B 193
40
891.56 max,d
20
68
Phosphorized shapes. Test to ASTM B 193
41
975.33 max,d
20
68
Phosphorized shapes. Test to ASTM B 193
41
891.56 max,d
20
68
Welded tube
46
866.55 max,d
20
68
Welded tube
46
898.58 max,d
20
68
Welded tube
46
875.23 max,d
20
68
Welded tube
46
910.17 max,d
20
68
Welded tube
46
891.56 max,d
20
68
Welded tube
46
900.75 max,d
20
68
Welded tube
46
875.23 max,d
20
68
Welded tube
46
994.57 max,d
20
68
Welded tube
46
972.47 max,d
20
68
Welded tube
46
934.10 max,d
20
68
1/2 oz/ft**2. Test to ASTM B 193
47
910.17 max,d
20
68
47
866.55 max,d
20
68
All weights except 1/2 oz/ft**2. Test to ASTM B 193 Redraw rod, OFE. Test to ASTM B 193
25
875.23 max,d
20
68
Redraw rod, OF. Test to ASTM B 193
25
875.23 max,d
20
68
Redraw rod, ETP. Test to ASTM B 193
25
875.23 max,d
20
68
Redraw rod, ETP. Test to ASTM B 193
25
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
79 79 79
High Conductivity Materials / 79
Table 2.4 Weight Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
2
Ω g/m
Ω lb/mile
2
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B5 ETP (C11000)
ASTM B5 FRHC (C11020)
ASTM B623 FRHC (C11020)
ASTM B75 C10100-H55 (C10100) ASTM B75 C10100-H58 (C10100) ASTM B75 C10100-H80 (C10100) ASTM B75 C10100-O50 (C10100) ASTM B75 C10100-O60 (C10100) ASTM B75 C10200-H55 (C10200) ASTM B75 C10200-H58 (C10200) ASTM B75 C10200-H80 (C10200) ASTM B75 C10200-O50 (C10200) ASTM B75 C10200-O60 (C10200) ASTM B75 C10300-H55 (C10300) ASTM B75 C10300-H58 (C10300) ASTM B75 C10300-H80 (C10300) ASTM B75 C10300-O50 (C10300) ASTM B75 C10300-O60 (C10300) ASTM B75 C12000-H55 (C12000) ASTM B75 C12000-H58 (C12000) ASTM B75 C12000-H80 (C12000)
0.15694 max,as spec 0.15694 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15694 max,as spec 0.15694 max,as spec 0.15694 max,as spec 0.15694 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15614 max,as spec 0.15614 max,as spec 0.15614 max,as spec 0.15176 max,as spec 0.15176 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15940 max,as spec 0.15940 max,as spec 0.15940 max,as spec 0.15614 max,as spec 0.15614 max,as spec 0.17418 max,as spec 0.17418 max,as spec 0.17418 max,as spec
896.13 max,d
20
68
896.13 max,d
20
68
875.23 max,d
20
68
875.23 max,d
20
68
896.13 max,d
20
68
896.13 max,d
20
896.13 max,d
Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for nonelectical use. Test to ASTM B 193 Ingots, ingot bars. Test to ASTM B 193
23 23
68
Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for electical use. Test to ASTM B 193 Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for electical use. Test to ASTM B 193 Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for nonelectical use. Test to ASTM B 193 Ingots, ingot bars. Test to ASTM B 193
23
20
68
Ingot, ingot bars. Test to ASTM B 193
50
896.13 max,d
20
68
For nonelectrical use. Test to ASTM B 193
50
875.23 max,d
20
68
50
891.56 max,d
20
68
Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for electical use. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193
30
891.56 max,d
20
68
Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193
30
891.56 max,d
20
68
Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193
30
866.55 max,d
20
68
Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193
30
866.55 max,d
20
68
Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193
30
898.58 max,d
20
68
Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193
30
898.58 max,d
20
68
Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193
30
898.58 max,d
20
68
Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193
30
875.23 max,d
20
68
Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193
30
875.23 max,d
20
68
Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193
30
910.17 max,d
20
68
Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193
30
910.17 max,d
20
68
Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193
30
910.17 max,d
20
68
Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193
30
891.56 max,d
20
68
Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193
30
891.56 max,d
20
68
Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193
30
994.57 max,d
20
68
Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193
30
994.57 max,d
20
68
Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193
30
994.57 max,d
20
68
Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193
30
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
23 23 23
80 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.4 Weight Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
2
Ω g/m
Ω lb/mile
2
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B75 C12000-O50 (C12000) ASTM B75 C12000-O60 (C12000) ASTM F68 (C10100)
0.17031 max,as spec 0.17031 max,as spec 0.15176 max,as spec
972.47 max,d
20
68
Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193
30
972.47 max,d
20
68
Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193
30
866.55 max,d
20
68
For electron devices. Test to ASTM B 193
53
0.4215 fio 0.4215 fio 0.4379 fio 0.4215 fio 1.5328 fio
2406.77 max,d 2406.77 max,d 2500.41 max,d 2406.77 max,d 8752.29 max,d
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip, obsolete
44 44 44 44 44
0.17031 max,as spec 0.17031 max,as spec 0.17031 max,as spec 0.17031 max,as spec 0.17031 max,as spec 0.17031 max,as spec 0.16136 max,as spec
972.47 max,d
20
68
Sheet and strip
52
972.47 max,d
20
68
Sheet and strip
52
972.47 max,d
20
68
Sheet and strip
52
972.47 max,d
20
68
Sheet and strip
52
972.47 max,d
20
68
Sheet and strip
52
972.47 max,d
20
68
Sheet and strip
52
921.37 max,d
20
68
Sheet and strip
52
972.41 max,d
20
68
Free-cutting rod and bar
39
1458.73 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1458.73 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1458.73 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1458.73 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1458.73 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1458.73 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1458.73 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1458.73 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1346.48 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1346.48 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1346.48 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
Copper, Wrought, Copper Nickel ASTM B422 C70250-TM00 (C70250) ASTM B422 C70250-TM02 (C70250) ASTM B422 C70250-TM03 (C70250) ASTM B422 C70250-TR02 (C70250) ASTM B422 C72400 (C72400) Copper, Wrought, Copper Zirconium ASTM B747 C15100-H01 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H02 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H03 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H04 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H06 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H08 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-OS015 (C15100) Copper, Wrought, High Copper ASTM B301 C18700 (C18700) ASTM B465 C19200-H01 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H02 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H03 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H04 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H06 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H08 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H10 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H14 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-O50 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-O60 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-O61 (C19200)
0.17030 max,as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.23581 max as spec 0.23581 max as spec 0.23581 max as spec
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
High Conductivity Materials / 81
Table 2.4 Weight Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
2
Ω g/m
Ω lb/mile
2
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Copper, Wrought, High Copper ASTM B465 C19200-O62 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19400-H01 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H02 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H03 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H04 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H06 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H08 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H10 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H14 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-O50 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-O60 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-O61 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-O62 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19500-H01 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H02 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H03 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H04 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H06 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H08 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H10 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H14 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-O50 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-O60 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-O61 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-O62 (C19500)
0.23581 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.23581 to 0.20437 as spec 0.23581 to 0.20437 as spec 0.23581 to 0.20437 as spec 0.23581 to 0.20437 as spec 0.34175 max as spec 0.34175 max as spec 0.34175 max as spec 0.34175 max as spec 0.34175 max as spec 0.34175 max as spec 0.34175 max as spec 0.34175 max as spec 0.30758 max as spec 0.30758 max as spec 0.30758 max as spec 0.30758 max as spec
1346.48 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1458.73 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1458.73 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1458.73 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1458.73 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1458.73 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1458.73 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1458.73 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1458.73 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1346.48 to 1166.95 max,d 1346.48 to 1166.95 max,d 1346.48 to 1166.95 max,d 1346.48 to 1166.95 max,d 1951.39 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1951.39 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1951.39 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1951.39 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1951.39 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1951.39 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1951.39 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1951.39 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1756.28 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1756.28 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1756.28 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
1756.28 max,d
20
68
Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar
48
0.34836 to 0.58954 range 0.34836 to 0.58954 range
1969.00 to 3366.27 max,d 1969.00 to 3366.27 max,d
20
68
Rod and bar
42
20
68
Wire. Test to ASTM B 193
43
Copper, Wrought, Silicon Bronze ASTM B411 C64700-TF00 (C64700) ASTM B412 C64700 (C64700)
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
82 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.5 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Aluminum, Wrought, 1xxx Commercially Pure Aluminum 5-9s purity commercial Al-O 5-9s purity commercial Al-O 6-9s purity commercial Al-O 6-9s purity commercial Al-O 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 99.99% Al 99.99% Al 99.99% Al 99.99% Al 99.99% Al 99.99% Al 99.99% Al 99.99% Al 99.998% Al 99.998% Al 99.998% Al 99.998% Al 99.998% Al 99.998% Al 99.998% Al 99.998% Al 99.998% Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al
2.20E-03 e 5.7E-05 e 2.20E-03 e 2.3E-05 e 0.0250 e 0.0362 e 0.0478 e 0.0600 e 0.0729 e 0.0863 e 0.1010 e 0.1090 e 0.292 e 0.3065 e 0.3215 e 0.1095 e 0.242 e 0.2475 e 0.2625 e 0.2775 e 6.14E-03 e 3.51E-03 e 2.11E-03 e 1.17E-03 e 8.70E-04 e 7.33E-06 e 2.61E-06 e 9.25E-07 e 9.25E-07 e 1.006E-02 u 4.42E-03 u 2.45E-03 u 9.59E-04 u 2.117E-02 u 1.81E-04 u 7.5E-06 u 1.9E-06 u 1E-06 u 1.587E-02 u 0.0265 u 0.0355 u 0.0387 u 0.0478 u 0.0499 u 0.0599 u 0.0613 u 0.0730 u 0.0735 u
1.32 e,d 3.43E-02 e,d 1.32 e,d 1.38E-02 e,d 15.04 e,d 21.78 e,d 28.75 e,d 36.09 e,d 43.85 e,d 51.91 e,d 60.75 e,d 65.57 e,d 175.65 e,d 184.37 e,d 193.39 e,d 65.87 e,d 145.57 e,d 148.88 e,d 157.90 e,d 166.92 e,d 3.69 e,d 2.11 e,d 1.27 e,d 0.70 e,d 0.523 e,d 4.41E-03 e,d 1.57E-03 e,d 5.564E-04 e,d 5.564E-04 e,d 6.05 u,d 2.66 u,d 1.47 u,d 0.58 u,d 12.73 u,d 0.109 u,d 4.51E-03 u,d 1.14E-03 u,d 6.02E-04 u,d 9.55 u,d 15.94 u,d 21.35 u,d 23.28 u,d 28.75 u,d 30.02 u,d 36.03 u,d 36.87 u,d 43.91 u,d 44.21 u,d
-196 -269.0 -196 -269.0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 650 1000 1100 1200 660 660 700 800 900 -161.6 -182.84 -195.8 -209.7 -215 -252.8 -259.2 -268.93 -271.5 -123 -173 -193 -213 -23 -233 -253 -263 -272 -73 0 100 127 200 227 300 327 400 427
-321 -452.2 -321 -452.2 32 212 392 572 752 932 1112 1202 1832 2012 2192 1220 1220 1292 1472 1652 -258.9 -297.11 -320.4 -409.5 -355 -423.0 -435.6 -452.07 -456.7 -189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -9.4 -387.4 -423.4 -441 -457.6 -99.4 32 212 260.6 392 440.6 572 620.6 752 800.6
Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
High Conductivity Materials / 83
Table 2.5 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ . m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Aluminum, Wrought, 1xxx Commercially Pure Aluminum Al Al
0.0870 u 0.1018 u
52.33 u,d 61.24 u,d
527 627
980.6 1160.6
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18
0.043 u
26 u,d
RT
RT
T74 previously T73 and T736
66
0.057 to 0.10
34 to 61
RT
RT
Contact bridges, bolts, screws
66
0.028 to 0.038
17 to 23
RT
RT
Fuse clips, springs, switches, connectors
66
0.028 to 0.038
17 to 23
RT
RT
Fuse clips, switch parts, electrical connectors
66
0.272 0.330 0.338 0.299 0.304
163.6 198.5 203.3 179.9 182.9
1100 538 649 593 649
2012 1000 1200 1100 1200
Liquid state Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid
15 15 15 15 15
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Phosphorous deoxidized copper Phosphorous deoxidized copper Phosphorous deoxidized copper Phosphorous deoxidized copper Phosphorous deoxidized copper Phosphorous deoxidized copper Oxygen free high conductivity copper. Molten metal Oxygen free high conductivity copper. Molten metal Oxygen free high conductivity copper. Molten metal
18 18 94 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 22 22 22 22 22 22 22
Aluminum, Wrought, 7xxx Aluminum Zinc 7049-T73 (A97049) Copper, Wrought, Beryllium Copper Olin 172-Precipitation hardened (C17200) Olin 175-Precipitation hardened (C17500) Olin 17510-Precipitation hardened (C17510) Copper, Wrought, Brass C22000 (C22000) C22000 (C22000) C22000 (C22000) C23000 (C23000) C23000 (C23000)
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu DHP (C12200) DHP (C12200) DHP (C12200) DHP (C12200) DHP (C12200) DHP (C12200) OFHC
6.99E-03 u 3.48E-03 u 3.48E-03 u 2.15E-03 u 9.71E-04 u 2.39E-04 u 2.8E-05 u 2.0E-05 u 1.046E-02 u 1.543E-02 u 0.2101 u 0.02402 u 0.2342 u 0.0293 u 0.03792 u 0.05262 u 0.06858 u 0.08626 u 0.2245 u 0.229 u 0.233 u 0.2375 u 0.242 u 0.251 ext 0.218 u
4.20 u,d 2.09 u,d 2.09 u,d 1.29 u,d 0.58 u,d 0.14 u,d 1.68E-02 u,d 1.20E-02 u,d 6.29 u,d 9.28 u,d 126.38 u,d 14.45 u,d 140.88 u,d 17.62 u,d 22.81 u,d 31.65 u,d 41.25 u,d 51.89 u,d 135.04 u,d 137.8 u,d 140.2 u,d 142.86 u,d 145.6 u,d 151.0 ext,d 131.1 u,d
-123 -173 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 0 1127 127 1327 200 327 527 727 927 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1400 1100
-189.4 -279.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 32 2060.6 260.6 2420.6 392 620.6 980.6 1340.6 1700 2012 2102 2192 2282 2372 2552 2012
OFHC
0.222 u
133.5 u,d
1150
2102
OFHC
0.2255 u
135.65 u,d
1200
2192
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
22 22
84 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.5 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper OFHC
0.229 u
137.8 u,d
1250
2282
OFHC
0.233 u
140.2 u,d
1300
2372
OFHC
0.2365 u
142.26 u,d
1350
2462
OFHC
0.241 ext
145.0 ext,d
1400
2552
0.294 0.089
177 u 53.5
200 RT
0.068
41
0.0426 u,d 0.0499 u,d 0.0572 u,d 0.0648 u,d 0.0710 u,d
Oxygen free high conductivity copper. Molten metal Oxygen free high conductivity copper. Molten metal Oxygen free high conductivity copper. Molten metal Oxygen free high conductivity copper. Molten metal
22
392 RT
Bar, rod, tube, pipe, plated, sheet, strip, and wire Strip for electronic switches
66 66
RT
RT
Connectors, dispersion/solution strengthened
66
25.6 u 30.0 u 34.4 u 39.0 u 42.7 u
100 200 300 400 500
212 392 572 752 932
Rod, welding rod, electrical connectors Rod, welding rod, electrical connectors Rod, welding rod, electrical connectors Rod, welding rod, electrical connectors Rod, welding rod, electrical connectors
66 66 66 66 66
0.906 d 1.150 d 1.184 d 1.195 d 1.217 d
545 692 712 719 732
31 538 649 732 816
87 1000 1200 1350 1500
Superalloy, precipitation-hardenable Superalloy, precipitation-hardenable Superalloy, precipitation-hardenable Superalloy, precipitation-hardenable Superalloy, precipitation-hardenable
61 61 61 61 61
1.061E-02 u 6.50E-03 u 4.81E-03 u 3.08E-03 u 1.41E-03 u 3.5E-04 u 2.2E-04 u 1.462E-02 u 2.051E-02 u 0.028 u 0.3108 u 0.03107 u 0.3483 u 0.04875 u 0.068 u 0.06808 u 0.08986 u 0.118 u 0.1149 u
6.38 u,d 3.91 u,d 2.89 u,d 1.85 u,d 0.85 u,d 0.21 u,d 0.13 u,d 8.79 u,d 12.34 u,d 16.84 u,d 186.96 u,d 18.69 u,d 209.51 u,d 29.32 u,d 40.90 u,d 40.95 u,d 54.05 u,d 70.98 u,d 69.12 u,d
-123 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 0 100 1127 127 1327 327 500 527 727 900 927
-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 32 212 2060.6 260.6 2420.6 620.6 932 980.6 1340.6 1652 1700
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
0.0116 u 0.0325 u
6.98 u,d 19.55 u,d
-173 -73
-279.4 -99.4
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18
22 22 22
Copper, Wrought, Copper Nickel CDA 710 Dickalloy-Precipitation hardened Copper, Wrought, Tin Brass Olin C663 Copper, Wrought, Unclassified Berylco 10-52 Berylco 10-52 Berylco 10-52 Berylco 10-52 Berylco 10-52 Nickel, Nickel, Iron Nickel Chromium A286 (S66286) A286 (S66286) A286 (S66286) A286 (S66286) A286 (S66286) Noble, Gold, Unclassified Au Au Au Au Au Au Au Au Au Au Au Au Au Au Au Au Au Au Au Noble, Iridium, Unclassified Ir Ir
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
High Conductivity Materials / 85
Table 2.5 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Noble, Iridium, Unclassified Ir Ir Ir Ir Ir Ir Ir Ir Ir Ir Ir Ir Ir
0.0477 u 0.068 u 0.310 u 0.0739 u 0.370 u 0.483 u 0.544 u 0.602 u 0.112 u 0.151 u 0.153 u 0.201 u 0.251 u
28.69 u,d 40.90 u,d 186.47 u,d 44.45 u,d 222.57 u,d 290.54 u,d 327.23 u,d 362.12 u,d 67.37 u,d 90.83 u,d 92.03 u,d 120.91 u,d 150.98 u,d
0 100 1127 127 1327 1727 1927 2127 327 500 527 727 927
32 212 2060.6 260.6 2420.6 3140.6 3500.6 3860.6 620.6 932 980.6 1340.6 1700
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
0.0195 u 0.0549 u 0.00814 u 0.5210 u 0.1530 u 0.5850 u 0.2260 u 0.3020 u 0.3750 u 0.4510 u
11.73 u,d 33.02 u,d 4.90 u,d 313.40 u,d 92.03 u,d 351.90 u,d 135.95 u,d 181.66 u,d 225.57 u,d 271.29 u,d
-173 -73 0 1127 127 1327 327 527 727 927
-279.4 -99.4 32 2060.6 260.6 2420.6 620.6 980.6 1340.6 1700
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
4.800E-02 u 0.0262 u 0.0262 u 1.750E-02 u 9.38E-03 u 3.34E-03 u 5.63E-04 u 2.00E-04 u 0.0688 u 6.880E-02 u 9.780E-02 u 0.138 u 0.40 u 0.1448 u 0.212 u 0.275 u 0.271 u
28.87 u,d 15.76 u,d 15.76 u,d 10.53 u,d 5.64 u,d 2.01 u,d 0.34 u,d 0.12 u,d 41.39 u,d 41.39 u,d 58.83 u,d 83.01 u,d 240.61 u,d 87.10 u,d 127.52 u,d 165.42 u,d 163.01 u,d
-123 -173 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 -73 0 100 1000 127 327 500 527
-189.4 -279.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 -99.4 32 212 1832 260.6 620.6 932 980.6
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
4.760E-02 u 2.755E-02 u 0.02795 u 1.992E-02 u
28.63 u,d 16.57 u,d 16.81 u,d 11.98 u,d
-123 -173 -173 -193
-189.4 -279.4 -279.4 -315.4
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18
Noble, Osmium, Unclassified Os Os Os Os Os Os Os Os Os Os Noble, Palladium, Unclassified Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Noble, Platinum, Unclassified Pt Pt Pt Pt
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
86 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.5 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ . m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Noble, Platinum, Unclassified Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt
1.107E-02 u 0.00736 u 4.09E-03 u 4.84E-04 u 2.0E-05 u 6.770E-02 u 0.06884 u 9.600E-02 u 0.136 u 0.431 u 0.4669 u 0.1460 u 0.5180 u 0.554 u 0.5652 u 0.2185 u 0.279 u 0.287 u 0.3510 u 0.4089 u
6.66 u,d 4.43 u,d 2.46 u,d 0.29 u,d 1.20E-02 u,d 40.72 u,d 41.41 u,d 57.75 u,d 81.81 u,d 259.26 u,d 280.85 u,d 87.82 u,d 311.59 u,d 333.25 u,d 339.99 u,d 131.43 u,d 167.83 u,d 172.64 u,d 211.14 u,d 245.97 u,d
-213 -223 -233 -253 -272 -73 -73 0 100 1000 1127 127 1327 1500 1527 327 500 527 727 927
-351.4 -369.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 -99.4 32 212 1832 2060.6 260.6 2420.6 2732 2780.6 620.6 932 980.6 1340.6 1700
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
0.0091 u 0.0295 u 0.062 u 0.311 u 0.0710 u 0.369 u 0.420 u 0.480 u 0.115 u 0.146 u 0.160 u 0.286 u 0.260 u
5.47 u,d 17.75 u,d 37.29 u,d 187.08 u,d 42.71 u,d 221.96 u,d 252.64 u,d 288.73 u,d 69.18 u,d 87.82 u,d 96.24 u,d 172.04 u,d 156.40 u,d
-173 -73 100 1127 127 1327 1527 1727 327 500 527 727 927
-279.4 -99.4 212 2060.6 260.6 2420.6 2780.6 3140.6 620.6 932 980.6 1340.6 1700
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
0.0280 u 0.0755 u 0.0136 u 0.0023 u 0.0595 u 0.0050 u 0.0430 u 0.0669 u 0.4120 u 0.498 u 0.1030 u 0.4760 u 0.610 u
16.84 u,d 45.42 u,d 8.18 u,d 1.38 u,d 35.79 u,d 3.01 u,d 25.87 u,d 40.24 u,d 247.83 u,d 299.56 u,d 61.96 u,d 286.33 u,d 366.93 u,d
-123 -173 -173 -223 -23 -260 -73 0 1127 1200 127 1327 1500
-189.4 -279.4 -279.4 -369.4 -9.4 -436 -99.4 32 2060.6 2192 260.6 2420.6 2732
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
Noble, Rhodium Rh Rh Rh Rh Rh Rh Rh Rh Rh Rh Rh Rh Rh Noble, Ruthenium Ru Ru Ru Ru Ru Ru Ru Ru Ru Ru Ru Ru Ru
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
High Conductivity Materials / 87
Table 2.5 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ . m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Noble, Ruthenium Ru Ru Ru Ru Ru Ru
0.1620 u 0.300 u 0.2210 u 0.2830 u 0.393 u 0.3760 u
97.45 u,d 180.46 u,d 132.94 u,d 170.23 u,d 236.40 u,d 226.18 u,d
327 400 527 727 800 927
620.6 752 980.6 1340.6 1472 1700
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18
7.26E-03 u 4.18E-03 u 2.89E-03 u 1.62E-03 u 5.39E-04 u 4.2E-05 u 1.0E-05 u 1.029E-02 u 1.467E-02 u 0.021 u 0.1869 u 0.02241 u 0.2038 u 0.03531 u 0.047 u 0.04912 u 0.06396 u 0.076 u 0.08089 u
4.37 u,d 2.51 u,d 1.74 u,d 0.97 u,d 0.32 u,d 2.53E-02 u,d 6.02E-03 u,d 6.19 u,d 8.82 u,d 12.63 u,d 112.43 u,d 13.48 u,d 122.59 u,d 21.24 u,d 28.27 u,d 29.55 u,d 38.47 u,d 45.72 u,d 48.66 u,d
-123 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 0 100 1127 127 1327 327 500 527 727 900 927
-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 32 212 2060.6 260.6 2420.6 620.6 932 980.6 1340.6 1652 1700
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
Noble, Silver, Unclassified Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
88 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.6 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
oC -1
Aluminum, Cast, 2xx.x Aluminum Copper 204.0-T4 (A02040) 0.00238 t,d
oF -1 0.00132 t,d
Aluminum, Wrought, 1xxx Commercially Pure Aluminum 1050-O (A91050) 0.00356 t,d 0.00198 t,d 1050-O (A91050) 0.00356 t,d 0.00198 t,d 1060-H18 (A91060) 0.00353 t,d 0.00196 t,d 1060-O (A91060) 0.00360 t,d 0.00200 t,d 1100-H18 (A91100) 0.00331 t,d 0.00184 t,d 1100-O (A91100) 0.00342 t,d 0.00190 t,d 1145-H18 (A91145) 0.00348 t,d 0.00193 t,d 1145-O (A91145) 0.00353 t,d 0.00196 t,d 1199-O (A91199) 0.00375 t,d 0.00208 t,d 1350-H1x (A91350) 0.00355 t,d 0.00197 t,d 1350-O (A91350) 0.00358 t,d 0.00199 t,d 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 0.00436 d 0.00242 d 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 0.00315 d 0.00175 d 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 0.00249 d 0.00138 d 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 0.00207 d 0.00115 d 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 0.00178 d 0.00099 d 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 0.00152 d 0.00084 d 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 0.00152 d 0.00084 d 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 0.00161 d 0.00089 d Al 0.0045 u 0.00250 u,t Aluminum, Wrought, 2xxx Aluminum Copper 2011-T3 (A92011) 0.00227 t,d 2011-T4 (A92011) 0.00227 t,d 2011-T8 (A92011) 0.00263 t,d 2014-T3 (A92014) 0.00196 t,d 2014-T451 (A92014) 0.00196 t,d 2014-T651 (A92014) 0.00233 t,d 2014-T652 (A92014) 0.00233 t,d 2024-O (A92024) 0.00294 t,d 2024-T3 (A92024) 0.00175 t,d 2024-T351 (A92024) 0.00175 t,d 2024-T36 (A92024) 0.00175 t,d 2024-T361 (A92024) 0.00175 t,d 2024-T4 (A92024) 0.00175 t,d 2024-T861 (A92024) 0.00222 t,d 2036-O (A92036) 0.00301 t,d 2048-T851 (A92048) 0.00250 t,d 2124-O (A92124) 0.00290 t,d 2218-T61 (A92218) 0.00222 t,d 2219-O (A92219) 0.00256 t,d 2219-T351 (A92219) 0.00175 t,d 2219-T62 (A92219) 0.00161 t,d 2219-T81 (A92219) 0.00175 t,d 2219-T851 (A92219) 0.00175 t,d 2219-T87 (A92219) 0.00175 t,d 2319-O (A92319) 0.00256 t,d
0.00126 t,d 0.00126 t,d 0.00146 t,d 0.00109 t,d 0.00109 t,d 0.00129 t,d 0.00129 t,d 0.00163 t,d 0.00097 t,d 0.00097 t,d 0.00097 t,d 0.00097 t,d 0.00097 t,d 0.00123 t,d 0.00167 t,d 0.00139 t,d 0.00161 t,d 0.00123 t,d 0.00142 t,d 0.00097 t,d 0.00089 t,d 0.00097 t,d 0.00097 t,d 0.00097 t,d 0.00142 t,d
Temperature oC oF 20
68
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 0 100 200 300 400 600 650 500 0 to 100
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 32 212 392 572 752 1112 1202 932 32 to 212
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Notes
Reference
Sand cast
Obsolete, EC Grade Obsolete, EC Grade Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Pure metal, R depends on purity
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 18
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
High Conductivity Materials / 89
Table 2.6 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
oC -1
oF -1
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Aluminum, Wrought, 2xxx Aluminum Copper 2618-T61 (A92618) 0.00213 t,d Alcoa 2036-O (A92036) 0.00301 u,d Alcoa 2036-T4 (A92036) 0.00238 u,d
0.00118 t,d 0.00167 u,d 0.00132 u,d
20 RT RT
68 RT RT
Aluminum, Wrought, 3xxx Aluminum Manganese 3004-O (A93004) 0.00244 t,d 3105-O (A93105) 0.00261 t,d
0.00136 t,d 0.00145 t,d
20 20
68 68
8 8
Aluminum, Wrought, 4xxx Aluminum Silicon 4032-O (A94032) 0.00232 t,d 4032-T6 (A94032) 0.00209 t,d
0.00129 t,d 0.00116 t,d
20 20
68 68
8 8
Aluminum, Wrought, 5xxx Aluminum Magnesium 5005-H38 (A95005) 0.00301 t,d 5005-O (A95005) 0.00301 t,d 5050-H38 (A95050) 0.00294 t,d 5050-O (A95050) 0.00294 t,d 5052-H38 (A95052) 0.00203 t,d 5052-O (A95052) 0.00203 t,d 5056-H38 (A95056) 0.00156 t,d 5056-O (A95056) 0.00169 t,d 5083 (A95083) 0.00168 t,d 5086 (A95086) 0.00179 t,d 5182 (A95182) 0.00180 t,d 5252-All (A95252) 0.00204 t,d 5252-All (A95252) 0.00204 t,d 5254 (A95254) 0.00185 t,d 5356-O (A95356) 0.00168 t,d 5454-All (A95454) 0.00196 t,d 5456-All (A95456) 0.00168 t,d 5652 (A95652) 0.00204 t,d 5657 (A95657) 0.00313 t,d
0.00167 t,d 0.00167 t,d 0.00163 t,d 0.00163 t,d 0.00113 t,d 0.00113 t,d 0.00087 t,d 0.00094 t,d 0.00093 t,d 0.00099 t,d 0.00100 t,d 0.00113 t,d 0.00113 t,d 0.00103 t,d 0.00093 t,d 0.00109 t,d 0.00093 t,d 0.00113 t,d 0.00174 t,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
Aluminum, Wrought, 6xxx Aluminum Magnesium Silicon 6009-O (A96009) 0.00313 t,d 0.00174 t,d 6009-T4 (A96009) 0.00255 t,d 0.00142 t,d 6009-T6 (A96009) 0.00272 t,d 0.00151 t,d 6010-O (A96010) 0.00308 t,d 0.00171 t,d 6010-T4 (A96010) 0.00226 t,d 0.00126 t,d 6010-T6 (A96010) 0.00255 t,d 0.00142 t,d 6053 (A96053) 0.00267 t,d 0.00148 t,d 6070 (A96070) 0.00256 t,d 0.00142 t,d 6101-T6 (A96101) 0.00331 t,d 0.00184 t,d 6101-T61 (A96101) 0.00342 t,d 0.00190 t,d 6101-T63 (A96101) 0.00337 t,d 0.00187 t,d 6101-T64 (A96101) 0.00348 t,d 0.00193 t,d 6101-T65 (A96101) 0.00337 t,d 0.00187 t,d 6205-T1 (A96205) 0.00270 t,d 0.00150 t,d 6205-T5 (A96205) 0.00286 t,d 0.00159 t,d 6262-T9 (A96262) 0.00256 t,d 0.00142 t,d 6463-T1 (A96463) 0.00294 t,d 0.00163 t,d 6463-T5 (A96463) 0.00286 t,d 0.00159 t,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Auto body sheet Auto body sheet
Obsolete Obsolete
Obsolete Obsolete
Obsolete
Obsolete
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
8 66 66
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
90 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.6 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
oC -1
oF -1
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Aluminum, Wrought, 6xxx Aluminum Magnesium Silicon 6463-T6 (A96463) 0.00303 t,d 0.00168 t,d
20
68
8
Aluminum, Wrought, 7xxx Aluminum Zinc 7005-O (A97005) 0.00249 t,d 7005-T53 (A97005) 0.00220 t,d 7005-T5351 (A97005) 0.00220 t,d 7005-T6 (A97005) 0.00203 t,d 7005-T63 (A97005) 0.00220 t,d 7005-T6351 (A97005) 0.00220 t,d 7049 (A97049) 0.00233 t,d 7050-O (A97050) 0.00272 t,d 7050-T736 (A97050) 0.00235 t,d 7050-T73651 (A97050) 0.00235 t,d 7050-T76 (A97050) 0.00229 t,d 7050-T7651 (A97050) 0.00229 t,d 7072 (A97072) 0.00348 t,d 7075-T62 (A97075) 0.00192 t,d 7075-T651 (A97075) 0.00192 t,d 7075-T652 (A97075) 0.00192 t,d 7075-T73 (A97075) 0.00232 t,d 7075-T7351 (A97075) 0.00232 t,d 7075-T7352 (A97075) 0.00232 t,d 7075-T76 (A97075) 0.00223 t,d 7075-T7651 (A97075) 0.00223 t,d 7175-O (A97175) 0.00267 t,d 7175-T66 (A97175) 0.00209 t,d 7175-T736 (A97175) 0.00232 t,d 7175-T7652 (A97175) 0.00232 t,d 7178-O (A97178) 0.00267 t,d 7178-T6 (A97178) 0.00186 t,d 7178-T651 (A97178) 0.00186 t,d 7178-T76 (A97178) 0.00226 t,d 7178-T7651 (A97178) 0.00226 t,d 7475-O (A97475) 0.00267 t,d 7475-T61 (A97475) 0.00209 t,d 7475-T651 (A97475) 0.00232 t,d 7475-T7351 (A97475) 0.00243 t,d 7475-T761 (A97475) 0.00209 t,d 7475-T7651 (A97475) 0.00232 t,d
0.00138 t,d 0.00122 t,d 0.00122 t,d 0.00113 t,d 0.00122 t,d 0.00122 t,d 0.00129 t,d 0.00151 t,d 0.00131 t,d 0.00131 t,d 0.00127 t,d 0.00127 t,d 0.00193 t,d 0.00107 t,d 0.00107 t,d 0.00107 t,d 0.00129 t,d 0.00129 t,d 0.00129 t,d 0.00124 t,d 0.00124 t,d 0.00148 t,d 0.00116 t,d 0.00129 t,d 0.00129 t,d 0.00148 t,d 0.00103 t,d 0.00103 t,d 0.00126 t,d 0.00126 t,d 0.00148 t,d 0.00116 t,d 0.00129 t,d 0.00135 t,d 0.00116 t,d 0.00129 t,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
Copper, Wrought, Brass C24000-O61 (C24000) C26000-O61 (C26000)
0.00086 d 0.00082 d
20 20
68 68
15 15
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper Cu 0.0043 u
0.00239 u,t
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
Noble, Gold, Unclassified Au
0.00222 u,t
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
0.00154 d 0.00148 d
0.0040 u
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
High Conductivity Materials / 91
Table 2.6 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
oC -1
oF -1
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Noble, Iridium, Unclassified Ir
0.0045 u
0.00250 u,t
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
Noble, Osmium, Unclassified Os
0.0041 u
0.00228 u,t
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
Noble, Palladium, Unclassified Pd
0.0042 u
0.00233 u,t
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
Noble, Platinum, Unclassified Pt
0.0039 u
0.00217 u,t
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
Noble, Rhodium Rh
0.0044 u
0.00244 u,t
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
Noble, Ruthenium Ru
0.0041 u
0.00228 u,t
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
Noble, Silver, Unclassified Ag
0.0041 u
0.00228 u,t
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
92 / Electrical Properties
Table 2.7 Relative Resistivity at Extreme Temperatures of High Conductivity Material Families Temperature oC oF
Notes
Aluminum, Wrought, 1xxx Commercially Pure Aluminum 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 1 def 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 1.448 e 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 1.911 e 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 2.400 e 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 2.915 e 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 3.453 e 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 4.036 e 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 4.361 e 99.998% Al 0.246 e 99.998% Al 0.140 e 99.998% Al 9.34E-2 e 99.998% Al 4.68E-2 e 99.998% Al 3.48E-2 e 99.998% Al 2.94E-4 e 99.998% Al 1.04E-4 e 99.998% Al 3.69E-5 e 99.998% Al 3.69E-5 e
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 650 -161.6 -182.84 -195.8 -209.7 -215 -252.8 -259.2 -268.93 -271.5
32 212 392 572 752 932 1112 1202 -258.9 -297.11 -320.4 -409.5 -355 -423.0 -435.6 -452.07 -456.7
Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal
Noble, Palladium, Unclassified Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd
1.0 u 4.25 u 1.5 u 2.8 u 3.8 u
0 1127 127 527 927
32 2060.6 260.6 980.6 1700
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18
Noble, Platinum, Unclassified Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt
1.0 u 5.0 u 1.5 u 3.0 u 4.2 u
0 1200 127 527 927
32 2192 260.6 980.6 1700
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18
Relative Resistivity Alloy-temper (UNS number)
(Unitless)
Reference
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
ASM Ready Reference Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Charles Moosbrugger, editor, p93-145 DOI: 10.1361/empm2000p093
Copyright © 2000 ASM International® All rights reserved. www.asminternational.org
Chapter 3
Higher Resistivity Materials SOME OF THE MATERIALS found in this chapter are used for applications where electrical power is transformed into heat or light. Heating elements require good high-temperature mechanical properties and oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures to satisfy the design requirements. Nickel-chromium, nickelchromium iron, iron-chromium aluminum, and elements such as tungsten and platinum are used as heating elements. Electronic controls and instrumentation make use of these higher-resistance alloys. Precision resistors and resistance temperature detectors are two applications. Thermal stability is an important consideration for precision resistors, so the thermal coefficient of resistivity should be low. Copper-nickel alloys, including constantan, and copper-manganese nickels, called manganins, are used for precision resistors. Constantan is also a popular thermocouple material. Nickel-chromium and nickel-chromium alloys also are used. Precision resistors are wire or ribbon wound.
While it is a characteristic of metals that the resistance increases with temperature, there are exceptions to the rule. The precision resistance alloys having a ± preceding the temperature coefficient may have an inverse temperature resistance relation. This effect is illustrated by the positive and negative slopes of the curves in Fig. 3.1. For resistance temperature detectors (RTD), the resistance is directly converted to a temperature reading. A material with a linear coefficient of resistivity over the operating temperature range is desired. The properties found in the Chapter 3 tables are identical to those of Chapter 2. Other higher-resistivity alloys, which are not used as precision resistors or heating elements, are included in this chapter. These alloys include all the iron and steel alloys not mentioned already. Steels and stainless steels are used in power resistors and load cells. Variation of resistance with temperature for precision resistor alloys. The slopes of the lines correspond to the coefficients of resistivity.
Fig. 3.1
94 / Electrical Properties
Table 3.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Copper, Miscellaneous, Copper-Clad Steel ASTM B624 16/68/16 16 min,d ASTM B624 16/68/16 17 nom,d ASTM B624 33.3/33.3/33.3 35 min,d ASTM B624 33.3/33.3/33.3 35 nom,d
28 min,as spec 30 nom 60 min,as spec 61 nom
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
Cable shielding, CCS or CAS Cable shielding, CCS or CAS Cable shielding, CCS or CAS Cable shielding, CCS or CAS
51 51 51 51
Copper, Wrought, Copper Nickel Marinel-Precipitation hardened
4.91 u,d
20
68
High strength bolting material
66
Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Aluminum AM100A-F (M10100) 6.67 u,d AM100A-T4 (M10100) 5.74 u,d AM100A-T6 (M10100) 7.13 u,d
11.5 u 9.9 u 12.3 u
20 20 20
68 68 68
Casting Casting Casting
84 84 84
Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Aluminum Zinc AZ63A-F (M11630) 8.70 u,d AZ63A-T4 (M11630) 7.13 u,d AZ63A-T5 (M11630) 8.00 u,d AZ81A (M11810) 6.96 u,d AZ91A-F (M11910) 5.86 u,d AZ91B-F (M11912) 5.86 u,d AZ91C-F (M11914) 6.67 u,d AZ91C-T4 (M11914) 5.74 u,d AZ91C-T6 (M11914) 6.50 u,d AZ91D-F (M11916) 5.86 u,d AZ92A-F (M11920) 7.13 u,d AZ92A-T4 (M11920) 6.09 u,d AZ92A-T6 (M11920) 7.13 u,d AZ91E-F (M11921) 6.67 u,d AZ91E-T4 (M11921) 5.74 u,d AZ91E-T6 (M11921) 6.50 u,d
15 u 12.3 u 13.8 u 12 u 10.1 u 10.1 u 11.5 u 9.9 u 11.2 u 10.1 u 12.3 u 10.5 u 12.3 u 11.5 u 9.9 u 11.2 u
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting
84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84
Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Rare Earth Zinc EZ33A (M12330) 14.50 u,d
25 u
20
68
Casting
84
Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Silver EQ21 (M16330) QE22A (M18220)
25.2 u 25.2 u
20 20
68 68
Casting Casting
84 84
Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Thorium Silver QH21A 14.62 u,d
25.2 u,d
20
68
Casting
84
Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Thorium Zinc HZ32A-T5 (M13320) 15.37 u,d
26.5 u
20
68
Casting
84
Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Thorium Zirconium HK31A-T6 (M13310) 12.76 u,d
22 u
20
68
Casting
84
Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Yttrium Rare Earth WE54 (M18410) 5.8 u WE43 (M18430) 6.8 u
10 u,d 12 u,d
20 20
68 68
Casting Casting
84 84
Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Zinc ZC63 (M16631)
32 u,d
20
68
Casting
84
2.85 u
14.62 u,d 14.62 u,d
18.5 u,d
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
Higher Resistivity Materials / 95
Table 3.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Zinc Rare Earth ZE63A (M16630) 17.92 u,d
30.9 u
20
68
Casting
84
Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Zinc Thorium ZH62A (M16620) 15.37 u,d
26.5 u
20
68
Casting
84
Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Zinc Zirconium ZK51A (M16510) 16.24 u,d
28 u
20
68
Casting
84
Magnesium, Wrought, Magnesium Aluminum Zinc AZ31B-F,O, H24 (M11311) 10.73 u,d AZ31C-F,O, H24 (M11312) 10.73 u,d AZ61A-F (M11610) 6.73 u,d AZ80A (M11800) 6.15 u,d
18.5 u 18.5 u 11.6 u 10.6 u
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
Forging, rod, sheet, plate Forging, rod, sheet, plate, commercial grade Sheet used for batteries Extruded
84 84 84 84
Magnesium, Wrought, Magnesium Manganese M1A (M13100) 20.01 u,d
34.5 u
20
68
Extruded, forgings
84
Magnesium, Wrought, Magnesium Thorium Manganese HM31A-F (M13312) 15.08 u,d 26 u
20
68
Extruded
84
Magnesium, Wrought, Magnesium Zinc Zirconium ZK60A-F (M16600) 16.82 u,d ZK60A-T5 (M16600) 17.40 u,d
29 u 30 u
20 20
68 68
Extruded Extruded
84 84
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Low Expansion, Iron Nickel 50% Ni Iron-Annealed 2.0 u,d 3.5 u 78% Ni Iron-Annealed 6.4 u,d 11 u 79% Ni Iron(Mo)-Annealed 1.7 u,d 3u
20 20 20
68 68 68
65 65 65
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Low Expansion, Iron Nickel Chromium 35Ni20Cr43.5Fe1.5Si 0.99 u,d 1.7 u 35Ni20Cr45Fe 0.99 u,d 1.7 u 77% Ni Iron(Cu, Cr)-Annealed 1.7 u,d 3u
20 20 20
68 68 68
65 65 65
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 RT
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Electrical Steel Ingot Iron-Annealed 10.2 u,d 17.5 u M-14 1.7 to 2.0 u,d 3 to 3.5 u M-15 1.7 to 2.0 u,d 3 to 3.5 u M-17 1.7 to 2.0 u,d 3 to 3.5 u M-19 2.0 to 2.9 u,d 3.5 to 5 u M-22 2.0 to 2.9 u,d 3.5 to 5 u M-27 2.0 to 4.4 u,d 3.5 to 7.5 u M-36 3.2 to 4.4 u,d 5.5 to 7.5 u M-43 3.5 to 5.2 u,d 6 to 9 u M-5 1.7 to 2.0 u,d 3 to 3.5 u M-50 5.5 u,d 9.5 u M-6 1.7 to 2.0 u,d 3 to 3.5 u M-7 1.7 to 2.0 u,d 3 to 3.5 u USS M-19-Fully processed, not 0.52 t 313 t,d annealed USS M-19-Fully processed, not 0.52 t 313 t,d annealed USS M-19-Fully processed, not 0.52 t 313 t,d annealed
Electrical
29 Gage (0.0140 in.)
65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 69
RT
26 Gage (0.0185 in.)
69
RT
24 Gage (0.0250 in.)
69
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
6112-Titanium-Chapter 3
96 / Electrical Properties
Table 3.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Electrical Steel USS M-22-Fully processed, not 0.52 t 313 t,d annealed USS M-22-Fully processed, not 0.52 t 313 t,d annealed USS M-22-Fully processed, not 0.52 t 313 t,d annealed USS M-27-Fully processed, not 0.49 t 295 t,d annealed USS M-27-Fully processed, not 0.49 t 295 t,d annealed USS M-27-Fully processed, not 0.49 t 295 t,d annealed USS M-36-Fully processed, not 0.49 t 295 t,d annealed USS M-36-Fully processed, not 0.49 t 295 t,d annealed USS M-36-Fully processed, not 0.49 t 295 t,d annealed USS M-43-Fully processed, not 0.39 t 235 t,d annealed USS M-43-Fully processed, not 0.39 t 235 t,d annealed USS M-45-Fully processed, not 0.35 t 211 t,d annealed USS M-45-Fully processed, not 0.35 t 211 t,d annealed USS M-47-Fully processed, not 0.23 t 138 t,d annealed USS M-47-Fully processed, not 0.23 t 138 t,d annealed USS Stator B-Fully processed, not 0.23 t 138 t,d annealed USS Stator B-Fully processed, not 0.23 t 138 t,d annealed
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
RT
29 Gage (0.0140 in.)
69
RT
26 Gage (0.0185 in.)
69
RT
24 Gage (0.0250 in.)
69
RT
26 Gage (0.0185 in.)
69
RT
29 Gage (0.0140 in.)
69
RT
24 Gage (0.0250 in.)
69
RT
29 Gage (0.0140 in.)
69
RT
24 Gage (0.0250 in.)
69
RT
26 Gage (0.0185 in.)
69
RT
26 Gage (0.0185 in.)
69
RT
24 Gage (0.0250 in.)
69
RT
26 Gage (0.0185 in.)
69
RT
24 Gage (0.0250 in.)
69
RT
26 Gage (0.0185 in.)
69
RT
24 Gage (0.0250 in.)
69
RT
24 Gage (0.0250 in.)
69
RT
26 Gage (0.0185 in.)
69
65 65 65
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Iron-Cobalt Soft Magnetic 20 2V Permendur-Annealed 2.6 u,d 4.5 u 35Co1Cr-Annealed 5.2 u,d 9u 20 Supermendur-Annealed 2.6 u,d 4.5 u 20
68 68 68
High permeability
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Nickel-Iron Soft Magnetic 20 45 Permalloy 2.1 u,d 3.6 u High Permaloy 49 2.1 u,d 3.6 u 20
68 68
Obsolete
Obsolete
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Unclassified Magnetically Soft Iron 20 68 16 Alfenol 0.41 u,d 0.7 u Lowcarbon Iron-Annealed 10.2 u,d 17.5 u 20 68 Sinimax 1.2 u,d 2u 20 68 20 68 Thermenol 0.29 u,d 0.5 u Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Unclassified Alnico 1 1.9 u,d 3.3 u Alnico 2 1.9 u,d 3.3 u Alnico 3 1.9 u,d 3.3 u Alnico 4 1.9 u,d 3.3 u
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
65 65 65 65
Cast Cast Cast Cast
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
6112-Titanium-Chapter 3
65 65
65 65 65 65
Higher Resistivity Materials / 97
Table 3.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Unclassified Alnico 5 2.0 u,d 3.5 u Alnico 6 2.0 u,d 3.5 u Carbon steel (0.65%C) 5.5 u,d 9.5 u Carbon steel (1%C) 4.6 u,d 8u Chromium steel (3.5%Cr) 3.5 u,d 6.1 u Cobalt steel (17%Co) 3.7 u,d 6.3 u Cobalt steel (36%Co) 3.8 u,d 6.5 u Comol 2.1 u,d 3.6 u Cunico 4.4 u,d 7.5 u Cunife 5.5 u,d 9.5 u Tungsten steel (6%W) 3.5 u,d 6u
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Cast Cast
65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Unclassified Iron (wrought plate) 9.3 u,d Iron(99.99%) 10.3 u,d
16 u 17.75 u
20 20
68 68
Plate. FM-103 Magnatester Pure metal, R depends on purity
12 65
Nickel, Electrical Resistance Nickel, Nickel Chromium 60Ni16Cr22.5Fe1.5Si 0.87 u,d 68Ni20Cr8.5Fe2Si 0.87 u,d 78.5Ni20Cr1.5Si(80-20) 0.93 u,d
1.5 u 1.5 u 1.6 u
20 20 20
68 68 68
Nickel, Magnetically Soft Nickel, Unclassified Magnetically Soft Nickel 4-79 Moly Permalloy 1.7 u,d 3u Hymu 80 1.7 u,d 3u Monimax 1.5 u,d 2.5 u Mumetal 1.7 u,d 3u Supermalloy 1.7 u,d 3u
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
Nickel, Nickel, Commercially Pure 99.8 Ni
23 u
20
68
1.49 u,d
24
75
Superalloy
96
3 min,t,d 3 min,t,d 3 min,t,d 2 min,t,d 2.3 t,d 4.1 t,d
5 min,t 6 min,t 5 min,t 4 min,t 4t 7t
20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68
Cast Wrought Wrought Wrought Rod, bar Rod, bar
17 17 17 17 13 13
4.1 t,d
7t
20
68
Rod, bar
13
4.1 t,d
7t
20
68
Rod, bar
13
0.87 u,d 5.2 u,d 0.75 u,d 0.75 u,d 0.87 u,d
1.5 u 9u 1.3 u 1.3 u 1.5 u
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
13.3 u,d
Nickel, Nickel, Iron Nickel Chromium Hastelloy G-30-Solution strengthened 0.862 u,d (N06030) Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Beryllium 42C-Aged N03360-Aged (N03360) N03360-Mill hardened (N03360) N03360-Unaged (N03360) Wellman (Nibryl)360A-A (N03360) Wellman (Nibryl)360H1050-H1050 (N03360) Wellman (Nibryl)360H775-H775 (N03360) Wellman (Nibryl)360H925-H925 (N03360) Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Chromium 60Ni16Cr24Fe 71Ni29Fe 75Ni20Cr3Al+Cu or Fe 76Ni17Cr4Si3Mn 80Ni20Cr (N06003)
65 65 65
Obsolete Magnetic shielding
65 65 65 65 65
65
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
65 65 65 65 65
98 / Electrical Properties
Table 3.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Refractory, Cobalt, Cobalt Chromium Haynes Stellite No. 4 1.1 u,d
1.88 u
20
68
Used in dry batteries
66
Refractory, Cobalt, Commercially Pure Co 15.95 u,d
27.6 u
20
68
Pure metal, R depends on purity
83
Refractory, Molybdenum, Commercially Pure CMW Elkon 100M 19 t
33 t
20
68
Refractory, Molybdenum, Molybdenum Silver CMW Elkonite 7065 26 t,d CMW Elkonite 7165 20 t,d CMW Elkonite G17 26 t,d CMW Elkonite G18 32 t,d
44 t 35 t 45 t 55 t
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Repress Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate
58 58 58 58
Refractory, Molybdenum, Unclassified CMW Thermkon 65M 16 t,d CMW Thermkon 70M 19 t,d Mo 19.7 u,d Mo 19.1 u,d
28 t 32 t 34 u 33.0 u
20 20 20 18
68 68 68 64
Composite Composite Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
58 58 65 90
Refractory, Niobium Cabot Columbium Nb
7.7 u,d 7.7 u,d
13.2 u 13.2 u
25 18
77 64
Unalloyed Pure metal, R depends on purity
66 90
Refractory, Rhenium Re
4.7 u,d
8.1 u
18
64
Pure metal, R depends on purity
90
Refractory, Tantalum Ta Ta
8.06 u,d 7.5 u,d
13.9 u 13.0 u
20 18
68 64
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
65 90
31 t
20
68
4.3 u
20
68
Tungsten carbide
65
Refractory, Tungsten, Commercially Pure CMW Elkon 100W 18 t
58
58
Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Cobalt 71WC12TiC12TaC4.5Co medium 2.5 u,d grain 72WC8TiC11.5TaC8.5Co medium 3.0 u,d grain 75WC25Co medium grain 5.7 u,d 84WC16Co course grain 5.3 u,d 90WC10Co course grain 6.61 u,d 94WC6Co course grain 5.80 u,d 94WC6Co medium grain 4.5 u,d 97WC3Co medium grain 3.1 u,d
5.2 u
20
68
Tungsten carbide
65
9.8 u 9.2 u 11.4 u 10.0 u 7.8 u 5.3 u
20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68
Tungsten carbide Tungsten carbide Tungsten carbide Tungsten carbide Tungsten carbide Tungsten carbide
65 65 65 65 65 65
Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Copper CMW Elkonite 10W3 26 t,d CMW Elkonite 10W53 16 t,d CMW Elkonite 1W3 31 t,d CMW Elkonite 2050C 34 t,d CMW Elkonite 2140C 17 t,d CMW Elkonite 30W3 24 t,d CMW Elkonite 3W3 29 t,d CMW Elkonite 3W53 17 t,d
45 t 28 t 53 t 58 t 30 t 41 t 50 t 30 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Repress Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate
58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
Higher Resistivity Materials / 99
Table 3.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Copper CMW Elkonite 40W3 21 t,d CMW Elkonite 50W3 20 t,d CMW Elkonite 5W3 28 t,d CMW Elkonite TC1O 24 t,d CMW Elkonite TC20 17 t,d CMW Elkonite TC5 26 t,d CMW Elkonite TC53 10 t,d CMW Thermkon 62 19 t,d CMW Thermkon 68 20 t,d CMW Thermkon 76 24 t,d CMW Thermkon 83 26 t,d
37 t 35 t 48 t 42 t 30 t 45 t 18 t 32 t 35 t 41 t 45 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Nickel CMW 1000 8.1 t,d CMW 2000 9.3 t,d CMW 3000 5.8 t,d CMW 3950 7.5 t,d
14.0 t 16.0 t 10.0 t 13.0 t
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Silver CMW Elkonite 1060 CMW Elkonite 2088 CMW Elkonite 20S CMW Elkonite 20SB CMW Elkonite 2110 CMW Elkonite 2150 CMW Elkonite 3042 CMW Elkonite 30S CMW Elkonite 30SB CMW Elkonite 3150 CMW Elkonite 35S CMW Elkonite 35SB CMW Elkonite 4050 CMW Elkonite 40S CMW Elkonite 40SB CMW Elkonite 45S CMW Elkonite 50S CMW Elkonite G12 CMW Elkonite G13 CMW Elkonite G14
21 t,d 20 t,d 28 t,d 26 t,d 53 t,d 35 t,d 30 t,d 29 t,d 27 t,d 26 t,d 32 t,d 30 t,d 36 t,d 34 t,d 32 t,d 36 t,d 38 t,d 33 t,d 27 t,d 21 t,d
36 t 35 t 49 t 45 t 92 t 60 t 52 t 50 t 47 t 45 t 55 t 51 t 62 t 58 t 55 t 62 t 65 t 57 t 47 t 37 t
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter Press-Sinter-Repress Press-Sinter-Repress Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter Press-Sinter-Repress Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate
58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58
Refractory, Tungsten, Unclassified W W
17.4 u,d 17.4 u,d
30 u 30.0 u
20 18
68 64
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
65 90
Steel, Alloy, Nickel 50% Ni Iron-Annealed ASTM F15 ASTM F30 K94100 (K94100) K94610 (K94610)
2.0 u,d 2 min,d 1.5 min,d 29.0 t,d 20.3 t,d
3.5 u 4 min 2.5 min 50 t 35 t
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Composite Composite Composite Composite
58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58
58 58 58 58
Lead frame alloy, Sealing Alloy Lead frame alloy, Sealing Alloy
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
65 20 20 59 59
100 / Electrical Properties
Table 3.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Steel, Alloy, Silicon 0.5% Si steel-Annealed 1% Si steel-Annealed 1.75% Si steel-Annealed 2.5 % Si steel-Annealed 3% Si steel-Annealed 3.0% Si steel-Annealed 4% Si steel-Annealed Grain oriented 3% Si steel-Annealed Grain oriented 3.0% Si steel-Annealed Grain oriented 50% Ni iron-Annealed
3.5 u,d 4.4 u,d 2.7 u,d 2.3 u,d 2.0 u,d 2.1 u,d 1.7 u,d 2.0 u,d 2.0 u,d 2.1 u,d
6u 7.5 u 4.6 u 4u 3.5 u 3.6 u 3u 3.5 u 3.5 u 3.6 u
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Steel, Carbon Steel, Nonresulfurized 1010-Annealed (G10100) 1040 (G10400)
8.41 u,d 1.7 u,d
14.5 u 3u
20 20
68 68
65 65
Steel, Cast Stainless, Heat Resisting HH (J93503) HK (J94224) HT (N08605)
1.5 u,d 1.2 u,d 0.99 u,d
2.5 u 2u 1.7 u
20 20 20
68 68 68
65 65 65
Steel, Wrought Stainless, Austenitic S30100 (S30100) 302 (S30200) 302 (S30200) 304 (S30400) S30500 (S30500) 309 (S30900) 310 (S31000) 316 (S31600) 316 (S31600) 317 (S31700) 321 (S32100) 347 (S34700)
2.0 t,d 1.4 t,d 1.7 u,d 1.5 t,d 1.4 t,d 1.5 u,d 1.4 t,d 1.4 t,d 1.5 u,d 1.5 u,d 1.3 t,d 1.5 u,d
3.5 t 2.4 t 3u 2.5 t 2.4 t 2.5 u 2.4 t 2.4 t 2.5 u 2.5 u 2.2 t 2.5 u
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Steel, Wrought Stainless, Ferritic 405 (S40500) 430-Annealed (S43000) S43000 (S43000) 446-Annealed (S44600)
1.7 u,d 1.7 u,d 1.3 t,d 1.7 u,d
3u 3u 2.3 t 3u
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
Steel, Wrought Stainless, Martensitic 403 (S40300) 410-Annealed (S41000) 416-Annealed (S41600) 443-Annealed (S44300)
1.7 u,d 1.7 u,d 1.7 u,d 1.7 u,d
3u 3u 3u 3u
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
1.73 u 1.76 u 2.16 u 6u 2.16 u
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
Steel, Wrought Stainless, Precipitation Hardening 14-4PH-A (J92240) 1.0 u,d 14-4PH-A (J92240) 1.0 u,d 14-4PH-H1075 (J92240) 1.3 u,d 14-4PH-H1075 (J92240) 3.5 u,d 14-4PH-H900 (J92240) 1.3 u,d
Electrical Electrical
Electrical
Electrical Electrical
Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy
Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy
65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
59 59 65 59 59 65 59 59 65 65 59 65
65 65 59 65
Superalloy
Bar Sheet Bar Bar Bar
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
65 65 65 65
64 64 64 65 64
Higher Resistivity Materials / 101
Table 3.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Sheet
64
Steel, Wrought Stainless, Precipitation Hardening 14-4PH-H900 (J92240) 1.3 u,d
2.24 u
20
68
Steel, Wrought Stainless, Unclassified 55Fe37.5Cr7.5Al 72Fe23Cr5Al 72Fe23Cr5Al0.5Co 501 (S50100)
0.70 u,d 0.75 u,d 0.75 u,d 2.6 u,d
1.2 u 1.3 u 1.3 u 4.5 u
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
65 65 65 65
Unclassified AL 4750 Armco 48
2.1 u,d 2.1 u,d
3.6 u 3.6 u
20 20
68 68
65 65
Zinc, Cast Z33520 (Z33520) Z33531 (Z33531)
16 t,d 15 t,d
27 t 26 t
20 20
68 68
Casting alloy Casting alloy
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
55 55
102 / Electrical Properties
Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ . m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Actinide, Plutonium Pu Pu Pu Pu
1.46 u 1.50 u 1.42 u 1.458 u
878.23 u,d 902.30 u,d 854.17 u,d 877.03 u,d
20 25 25 20
68 77 77 68
Pure metal, R depends on purity Alpha phase Alpha phase Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18
0.27 u 0.248 u 0.32 u
162.41 u,d 149.18 u,d 192.49 u,d
20 25 20
68 77 68
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Alpha phase
18 18 18
Actinide, Uranium U U U
Aluminum, Wrought, 1xxx Commercially Pure Aluminum Al (99.996%)
0.02655 t
16.0 t,d
20
68
Resistance alloy
91
9.100 t
5474 t,d
20
68
Heating element. Heating alloy
91
1.02 u 1.0 est 1.0 est 0.58 to 0.87 u
614 u,d 602 e,d 600 e,d 350 to 420 u,d
RT RT RT RT
65 65 65 65
2.4 u 1.0 est 1.4 to1.7 u 1.5 to 1.7 u
1440 u,d 602 e,d 840 to 1020 u 900 to 1020 u,d
RT RT RT RT
65 65 65 65
0.50 u
301 u,d
RT
65
0.53 u 0.80 u
319 u,d 481 u,d
RT RT
65 65
10E10 approx 10E10 approx 10E10 approx 10E10 approx 10E10 nom 10E10 nom
6E12 approx,d 6E12 approx,d 6E12 approx,d 6E12 approx,d 6E12 nom,t 6E12 nom,t
RT RT RT RT RT RT
Carbon, Graphite Graphite Cast Iron, Ductile High-nickel ductile (20 Ni) High-nickel ductile (23 Ni) High-nickel ductile iron Medium-silicon ductile Cast Iron, Gray High-aluminum High-nickel gray iron High-nickel gray iron Nickel-chromium-silicon iron Cast Iron, Miscellaneous High-silicon iron Cast Iron, White Low-C white iron Martensitic nickel-chromium iron Ceramic Permanent Magnet Bonded Ferrite A Sintered Ferrite 1 Sintered Ferrite 2 Sintered Ferrite 3 Sintered Ferrite 4 Sintered Ferrite 5
Permanent magnet Permanent magnet Permanent magnet Permanent magnet Permanent magnet Permanent magnet
88 88 88 88 88 88
Copper, Miscellaneous, Instrument and Control 83Cu13Mn4Ni(manganin) 85Cu10Mn4Ni(shunt manganin) 87Cu13Mn(manganin)
0.480 t 0.380 t 0.480 t
289 t,d 229 t,d 289 t,d
20 20 20
68 68 68
Resistance alloy Resistance alloy Resistance alloy
91 91 91
0.525 t 0.500 t 0.500 t 0.300 t 0.150 t 0.100 t
316 t,d 301 t,d 301 t,d 180 t,d 90.2 t,d 60.2 t,d
20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68
Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy Resistance alloy Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy Resistance alloy Resistance alloy Resistance alloy
91 91 91 91 91 91
Copper, Miscellaneous, Thermocouple 53Cu44Ni3Mn(constantan) 55Cu45Ni(constantan) 57Cu43Ni(constantan) 78Cu22Ni 89Cu11Ni 94Cu6Ni
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
Higher Resistivity Materials / 103
Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ . m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Copper, Miscellaneous, Thermocouple 98Cu2Ni
0.050 t
30.1 t,d
20
68
Resistance alloy
91
0.01673 t
10.1 t,d
20
68
Resistance alloy
91
0.35 u
211 u,d
20
68
High strength bolting material
66
0.97 u 1.00 u 0.91 u
583.48 u,d 601.53 u,d 547.39 u,d
25 27 20
77 80.6 68
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18
0.86 u 0.80 u 0.80 u
517.32 u,d 481.22 u,d 481.22 u,d
20 25 27
68 77 80.6
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18
0.8100 u 0.86 u 1.1600 u
487.24 u,d 517.32 u,d 697.78 u,d
20 27 25
68 80.6 77
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18
1.3200 u 1.3400 u
794.02 u,d 806.05 u,d
25 20
77 68
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18
0.94 u 0.87 u 0.90 u
565.44 u,d 523.33 u,d 541.38 u,d
20 25 27
68 77 80.6
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18
0.67 u 0.65 u 0.67 u
403.03 u,d 390.99 u,d 403.03 u,d
20 27 25
68 80.6 77
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18
0.6400 u 0.68 u 0.6450 u
384.98 u,d 409.04 u,d 387.99 u,d
20 27 25
68 80.6 77
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18
0.6800 u 0.69 u 0.6600 u
409.04 u,d 415.06 u,d 397.01 u,d
20 27 25
68 80.6 77
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18
0.9200 u 0.90 u 0.8600 u
553.41 u,d 541.38 u,d 517.32 u,d
20 27 25
68 80.6 77
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18
1.0700 u 1.1600 u 1.17 u
643.64 u,d 697.78 u,d 703.79 u,d
25 20 27
77 68 80.6
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper Cu(99.99) Copper, Wrought, Copper Nickel Marinel-Precipitation hardened Lanthanide, Dysprosium Dy Dy Dy Lanthanide, Erbium Er Er Er Lanthanide, Europium Eu Eu Eu Lanthanide, Gadolinium Gd Gd Lanthanide, Holmium Ho Ho Ho Lanthanide, Lutetium Lu Lu Lu Lanthanide, Neodymium Nd Nd Nd Lanthanide, Praseodymium Pr Pr Pr Lanthanide, Samarium Sm Sm Sm Lanthanide, Terbium Tb Tb Tb
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
104 / Electrical Properties
Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Lanthanide, Thulium Tm Tm Tm
0.90 u 1.07 u 0.78 u
541.38 u,d 643.64 u,d 469.19 u,d
20 25 27
68 77 80.6
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18
0.29 u 0.28 u
174.44 u,d 168.43 u,d
25 20
77 68
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18
90.2 u,d 105.3 u,d 84.2 u,d
20 20 20
68 68 68
Casting Casting Casting
84 84 84
69.2 u,d 84.2 u,d 75.2 u,d 8.6 u,d 102.3 u,d 102.3 u,d 90.2 u,d 105.3 u,d 91.1 u,d 102.3 u,d 84.2 u,d 99.3 u,d 84.2 u,d 90.2 u,d 105.3 u,d 91.1 u,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting
84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84
0.070 u
42.1 u,d
20
68
Casting
84
0.0685 u 0.0685 u
41.2 u,d 41.2 u,d
20 20
68 68
Casting Casting
84 84
41.2 u,d
20
68
Casting
84
39.1 u,d
20
68
Casting
84
36.7 u,d 36.1 u,d 46.3 u,d
20 20 20
68 68 68
Casting Casting Casting
84 84 84
0.173 u 0.148 u
104.1 u,d 89.0 u,d
20 20
68 68
Casting Casting
84 84
0.054 u
32.5 u,d
20
68
Casting
84
Lanthanide, Ytterbium Yb Yb
Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Aluminum AM100A-F (M10100) AM100A-T4 (M10100) AM100A-T6 (M10100)
0.150 u 0.175 u 0.140 u
Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Aluminum Zinc AZ63A-F (M11630) AZ63A-T4 (M11630) AZ63A-T5 (M11630) AZ81A (M11810) AZ91A-F (M11910) AZ91B-F (M11912) AZ91C-F (M11914) AZ91C-T4 (M11914) AZ91C-T6 (M11914) AZ91D-F (M11916) AZ92A-F (M11920) AZ92A-T4 (M11920) AZ92A-T6 (M11920) AZ91E-F (M11921) AZ91E-T4 (M11921) AZ91E-T6 (M11921)
0.115 u 0.140 u 0.125 u 0.0143 u 0.170 u 0.170 u 0.150 u 0.175 u 0.1515 u 0.170 u 0.140 u 0.165 u 0.140 u 0.150 u 0.175 u 0.1515 u
Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Rare Earth Zinc EZ33A (M12330) Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Silver EQ21 (M16330) QE22A (M18220)
Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Thorium Silver QH21A
0.0685 u
Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Thorium Zinc HZ32A-T5 (M13320)
0.065 u
Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Thorium Zirconium HK31A-H24 (M13310) HK31A-O (M13310) HK31A-T6 (M13310)
0.061 u 0.060 u 0.077 u
Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Yttrium Rare Earth WE54 (M18410) WE43 (M18430) Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Zinc ZC63 (M16631)
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
Higher Resistivity Materials / 105
Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Zinc Rare Earth ZE41A-T5 (M16410) ZE63A (M16630)
0.060 u 0.056 u
36.1 u,d 33.7 u,d
20 20
68 68
Casting Casting
84 84
39.1 u,d
20
68
Casting
84
37.3 u,d
20
68
Casting
84
34.3 u,d
20
68
Casting
84
38.5 u,d 55.3 u,d 55.3 u,d 75.2 u,d 87.2 u,d
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
Rods, bars, shapes Forging, rod, sheet, plate Forging, rod, sheet, plate, commercial grade Sheet used for batteries Extruded
84 84 84 84 84
30.1 u,d
20
68
Extruded, forgings
84
36.7 u,d 36.1 u,d
20 20
68 68
Sheet, plate Sheet, plate
84 84
31.3 u,d 30.1 u,d 39.7 u,d
20 20 20
68 68 68
Sheet, plate, forging Sheet, plate, forging Extruded
84 84 84
0.054 u
32.5 u,d
20
68
0.0451 u 0.0420 u 0.0451 u
27.13 u,d 25.26 u,d 27.13 u,d
27 20 25
80.6 68 77
289 u,d 96 u,d 349 u,d
20 20 20
68 68 68
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
Resistance heating alloy. Heating alloy Resistance alloy
91 91 65 65 65
20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68
Electrical
65 65 65 65 65
Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Zinc Thorium ZH62A (M16620)
0.065 u
Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Zinc Zirconium ZK51A (M16510)
0.062 u
Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Zirconium K1A (M18010)
0.057 u
Magnesium, Wrought, Magnesium Aluminum Zinc AZ10A-All (M11100) AZ31B-F,O, H24 (M11311) AZ31C-F,O, H24 (M11312) AZ61A-F (M11610) AZ80A (M11800)
0.064 u 0.092 u 0.092 u 0.125 u 0.145 u
Magnesium, Wrought, Magnesium Manganese M1A (M13100)
0.050 u
Magnesium, Wrought, Magnesium Thorium HK31A-H24 (M13310) HK31A-O (M13310)
0.061 u 0.060 u
Magnesium, Wrought, Magnesium Thorium Manganese HM21A-H24 (M13210) HM21A-O (M13210) HM31A-F (M13312)
0.052 u 0.050 u 0.066 u
Magnesium, Wrought, Magnesium Zinc ZC71 (M16710)
84
Magnesium, Wrought, Unclassified Mg Mg Mg
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Low Expansion, Iron Nickel 50% Ni Iron-Annealed 78% Ni Iron-Annealed 79% Ni Iron(Mo)-Annealed
0.48 u 0.16 u 0.58 u
65 65 65
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Low Expansion, Iron Nickel Chromium 35Ni20Cr42.5Fe1.5Si1Nb 35Ni20Cr43.5Fe1.5Si 35Ni20Cr43.5Fe1.5Si 35Ni20Cr45Fe 77% Ni Iron(Cu, Cr)-Annealed
1.00 t 1.000 t 1.014 u 1.014 u 0.60 u
602 t,d 602 t,d 609.95 u,d 609.95 u,d 361 u,d
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Electrical Steel Ingot Iron-Annealed M-14 M-15 M-17 M-19
0.10 u 0.58 to 0.69 u 0.45 to 0.69 u 0.45 to 0.58 u 0.41 to 0.56 u
60 u,d 350 to 415 u 270 to 415 u 270 to 350 u 250 to 340 u
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
106 / Electrical Properties
Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Electrical Steel M-22 M-27 M-36 M-43 M-5 M-50 M-6 M-7
0.41 to 0.52 u 0.32 to 0.47 u 0.24 to 0.33 u 0.20 to 0.28 u 0.45 to 0.52 u 0.18 u 0.45 to 0.52 u 0.45 to 0.52 u
250 to 310 u,d 190 to 280 u,d 140 to 200 u,d 120 to 170 u,d 270 to 310 u,d 108 u,d 270 to 310 u 270 to 310 u
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Iron-Cobalt Electrical Steel Carpenter Hiperco Alloy 27 Carpenter Hiperco Alloy 50 Carpenter Hiperco Alloy 50A Carpenter Hiperco Alloy 50HS Carpenter Hiperco Alloy 50HS-Cold rolled and annealed Carpenter Hiperco Alloy 50HS-Cold rolled and annealed Carpenter Hiperco Alloy 50HS-Cold rolled and annealed
0.19 t 0.40 t 0.40 t 0.42 t 0.420
114 t 241 t 241 t 253 t 253
RT RT RT RT RT
Fe-Co-V, all shapes Fe-Co-V, all shapes Fe-Co-V, all shapes Fe-Co-V, all shapes Test ring with 503 MPa (73 ksi) yield
57 57 57 57 66
0.420
253
RT
Test ring with 593 MPa (86 ksi) yield
66
0.420
253
RT
Test ring with 683 MPa (99 ksi) yield
66
High permeability
65 65 74 74 66 65
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Iron-Cobalt Soft Magnetic 2V Permendur-Annealed 35Co1Cr-Annealed ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1 ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2 Permendur V Supermendur-Annealed
0.40 u 0.20 u 0.40 t 0.19 t 0.40 u 0.40 u
241 u,d 120 u,d 240 t,d 114 t,d 241 u,d 241 u,d
68 68
20 20 RT RT RT 20
All forms and sizes All forms and sizes 68
Obsolete
68 68
Obsolete
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Nickel-Iron Soft Magnetic 45 Permalloy High Permaloy 49 ASTM A753 Type 1 K94490 (K94490) ASTM A753 Type 2 K94840 (K94840)
0.45 u 0.48 u 0.55 t
271 u,d 289 u,d 330 t,d
0.49 t
294 t,d
20 20 RT
All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.) All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.)
RT
65 65 73 73
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Silicon Core Iron Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "A" Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "A-FM" Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "B" Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "B-FM" Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "C"
0.25 t 0.25 t 0.40 t 0.40 t 0.58 t
150 t 150 t 240 t 240 t 350 t
RT RT RT RT RT
All shapes All shapes All shapes All shapes All shapes
57 57 57 57 57
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Unclassified Magnetically Soft Iron 16 Alfenol Airmelted magnetic iron-Annealed Airmelted magnetic iron-Annealed Airmelted magnetic iron-Annealed Carpenter Consumet Electrical Iron Carpenter Electrical Iron Lowcarbon Iron-Annealed Sinimax
1.53 u 0.13 t 0.13 t 0.13 t 0.13 t 0.13 t 0.10 u 0.90 u
920 u,d 78 t,d 78 t,d 78 t,d 78 t 78 t,d 60 u,d 541 u,d
20
68 Bar Strip > 1 mm (0.040 in.) Bar Bar, strip, billet All shapes
RT RT RT RT RT 20 20
68 68
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
65 85 85 85 57 57 65 65
Higher Resistivity Materials / 107
Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ . m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Unclassified Magnetically Soft Iron Thermenol
1.62 u
974 u,d
20
68
65
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Ductile Permanent Magnet Carpenter "73" Alloy Carpenter "83" Alloy Carpenter Chrominur II Carpenter P6 Alloy Carpenter Vicalloy I-Aged for max energy product
0.29 t 0.27 t 0.75 t 0.33 t 0.63
174 t,d 162 t,d 451 t,d 199 t,d 379 t,d
RT RT RT RT RT
All shapes All shapes All shapes All shapes All shapes
57 57 57 57 57
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Iron Cobalt GE Alloy P6
0.30 u
180 u,d
66
RT
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Neodymium Iron Boron Bonded neodymium Hotformed neodymium Hotpressed neodymium Sintered neodymium
10E06 nom 1.60 nom 1.60 nom 1.60 nom
6.0E08 nom,t 962 nom,t 962 nom,t 962 nom,t
RT RT RT RT
Sintered. Permanent magnet Sintered. Permanent magnet Sintered. Permanent magnet Sintered. Permanent magnet
88 88 88 88
Cast. Permanent magnet Cast Cast. Permanent magnet Cast Cast. Permanent magnet Scintered. Permanent magnet Cast. Permanent magnet Cast Cast Cast. Permanent magnet Scintered. Permanent magnet Cast Cast. Permanent magnet Scintered. Permanent magnet Cast. Permanent magnet Cast. Permanent magnet Cast Cast. Permanent magnet Scintered. Permanent magnet Cast. Permanent magnet Cast. Permanent magnet
88 65 88 65 88 88 88 65 65 88 88 65 88 88 88 88 65 88 88 88 88 65 65 88 65 88 65 65 88 65 65
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Unclassified Alnico 1 Alnico 1 Alnico 12 Alnico 2 Alnico 2 Alnico 2 Alnico 3 Alnico 3 Alnico 4 Alnico 4 Alnico 4 Alnico 5 Alnico 5 Alnico 5 Alnico 5-7 Alnico 5DG Alnico 6 Alnico 6 Alnico 6 Alnico 7 Alnico 8 Carbon steel (0.65%C) Carbon steel (1%C) Chromium steel (3.5%Cr) Chromium steel (3.5%Cr) Cobalt steel (17%Co) Cobalt steel (17%Co) Cobalt steel (36%Co) Cobalt steel (36%Co) Comol Cunico
0.75 nom 0.75 u 0.62 nom 0.65 u 0.65 nom 0.68 nom 0.60 nom 0.60 u 0.75 u 0.75 nom 0.68 nom 0.47 u 0.47 nom 0.50 nom 0.47 nom 0.47 nom 0.50 u 0.50 nom 0.53 nom 0.58 nom 0.50 nom 0.18 u 0.20 u 0.29 nom 0.29 u 0.28 nom 0.28 u 0.27 u 0.27 nom 0.45 u 0.24 u
451 nom,d 451 u,d 373 nom,d 391 u,d 391 nom,d 409 nom,d 361 nom,d 361 u,d 451 u,d 451 nom,d 409 nom,d 283 u,d 283 nom,d 301 nom,d 283 nom,d 283 nom,d 301 u,d 301 nom,d 319 nom,d 349 nom,d 301 nom,d 108.3 u,d 120 u,d 174 nom,d 174 u,d 168 nom,d 168 u,d 162 u,d 162 nom,d 271 u,d 144 u,d
RT 20
68 RT
20
68 RT RT RT
20 20
68 68 RT RT 68
20 RT RT RT RT 20
68 RT RT RT RT
20 20
68 68 RT
20
Permanent magnet 68 Permanent magnet
RT 20 20
68 68 RT
20 20
Permanent magnet 68 68
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
108 / Electrical Properties
Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ . m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Unclassified Cunife Cunife Tungsten steel (6%W) Tungsten steel (6%W)
0.18 u 0.18 nom 0.30 nom 0.30 u
108 u,d 108 nom,d 180 nom,d 180 u,d
0.0980 u 0.1000 u 0.102 u 0.1010 u 0.970 t 0.10 t
20
68 RT RT
Permanent magnet Permanent magnet
65 88 88 65
20
68
58.95 u,d 60.15 u,d 61.36 u,d 60.75 u,d 583 t,d 60 t,d
25 20 27 20 20
77 68 80.6 68 68
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Resistance alloy Bar, strip >1mm (0.040 in.). ASTM A 596 test
18 18 18 18 91 85
0.0971 u
58.41 u,d
20
68
Pure metal, R depends on purity
65
0.4010 u 0.3760 u
241.21 u,d 226.18 u,d
20 25
68 77
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18
0.3430 u
206.32 u,d
25
77
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
0.0370 u 0.0345 u
22.26 u,d 20.75 u,d
20 25
68 77
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18
Mn Mn
1.4400 u 1.442 u
866.20 u,d 867.41 u,d
25 27
77 80.6
18 18
Mn
1.440 u
866.20 u,d
20
68
Mn
1.6000 u
962.45 u,d
20
68
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99% Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99% Pure metal, R depends on purity
0.0747 u 0.0680 u 0.0747 u
44.93 u,d 40.90 u,d 44.93 u,d
27 20 25
80.6 68 77
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18
0.6600 u 0.64 u 0.52 u
397.01 u,d 384.98 u,d 312.80 u,d
20 20 27
68 68 80.6
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.96% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18
0.0493 u 0.0493 u 0.0470 u
29.66 u,d 29.66 u,d 28.27 u,d
25 27 20
77 80.6 68
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18
0.1350 u 0.1350 u
81.21 u,d 81.21 u,d
25 20
77 68
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18
0.185 u 0.204 u
111.28 u,d 122.71 u,d
25 27
77 80.6
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Unclassified Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe(99.94) Fe, vacuum-melted high purityAnnealed Iron(99.99%)
RT
Miscellaneous, Antimony Sb Sb Miscellaneous, Barium Ba Miscellaneous, Calcium Ca Ca Miscellaneous, Manganese
18 18
Miscellaneous, Potassium K K K Miscellaneous, Scandium Sc Sc Sc Miscellaneous, Sodium Na Na Na Miscellaneous, Strontium Sr Sr Miscellaneous, Technetium Tc Tc
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
Higher Resistivity Materials / 109
Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ . m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Miscellaneous, Thallium Tl Tl Tl
0.195 u 0.150 u 0.166 u
117.30 u,d 90.23 u,d 99.85 u,d
20 25 20
68 77 68
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18
650 t,d 677 t,d 674.92 u,d 714 t,d 701 t,d 699.94 u,d 827 t,d 650 t,d 649.95 u,d 650 t,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy Resistance alloy
91 91 65 91 91 65 91 91 65 91
68
Obsolete Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F) Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F) Annealed at 995 C (1750 F) Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F) Annealed at 1065 C (1950 F) Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F) Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F) Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F) All shapes, used for tape recorder heads Magnetic shielding
Nickel, Electrical Resistance Nickel, Nickel Chromium 37Ni21Cr40Fe2Si 60Ni16Cr22.5Fe1.5Si 60Ni16Cr22.5Fe1.5Si 68.5Ni30Cr1.5Si 68Ni20Cr8.5Fe2Si 68Ni20Cr8.5Fe2Si 72Ni20Cr3Al5Mn 77.5Ni20Cr1.5Si1Nb 78.5Ni20Cr1.5Si(80-20) 78.5Ni20Cr1.5Si(80-20)
1.080 t 1.125 t 1.1220 u 1.187 t 1.165 t 1.1636 u 1.375 t 1.080 t 1.0805 u 1.080 t
Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy Heating alloy Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy Resistance heating alloy. Heating alloy Resistance alloy
Nickel, Magnetically Soft Nickel, Unclassified Magnetically Soft Nickel 4-79 Moly Permalloy 45Ni-Fe-Annealed 45Ni3MoFe-Annealed 49NiFe-Annealed 49NiFe-Annealed 49NiFe-Annealed 75Ni5Cu2CrFe-Annealed 78.5NiFe-Annealed 79Ni4MoFe-Annealed Carpenter Wear Resistant HyMu 800A Hymu 80 Monimax Mumetal Supermalloy ASTM A753 Type 3 N14076 (N14076) ASTM A753 Type 4 N14080 (N14080)
0.58 u 0.50 t 0.65 t 0.47 t 0.47 t 0.47 t 0.56 t 0.16 t 0.59 t 0.625 t 0.58 u 0.82 u 0.60 u 0.65 u 0.60 t
349 u,d 301 t,d 391 t,d 283 t,d 283 t,d 283 t,d 337 t,d 96 t,d 355 t,d 376 t,d 349 u,d 493 u,d 361 u,d 391 u,d 360 t,d
20
0.60 t
360 t,d
RT
1.02 u
614 u,d
RT
Sheet
82
0.61 u
367 u,d
RT
Sheet
82
0.697 u
419 u,d
RT
Sheet
82
0.728 u
438 u,d
RT
Sheet
82
0.0798 u 0.109 u 0.088 u 0.096 d 0.085 u 0.095 u
48.00 u,d 66 u,d 53 u,d 58 51 u,d 57 u,d
Sheet Sheet Rod, bar, sheet, strip, pipe, tube, wire Sheet Sheet
65 82 82 61 82 82
RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 RT
All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.) All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.)
65 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 57 65 65 65 65 73 73
Nickel, Miscellaneous Nickel, Controlled-expansion NI-SPAN-C alloy 902-Precipitation hardened (N09902) INCOLOY alloy 903-Precipitation hardened (N19903) INCOLOY alloy 907-Precipitation hardened (N19907) INCOLOY alloy 909-Precipitation hardened (N19909) Nickel, Nickel, Commercially Pure 99.8 Ni Nickel 212-Annealed Nickel 222-Annealed Nickel 200 (N02200) Nickel 201-Annealed (N02201) Nickel 205-Annealed (N02205)
68
20 RT RT 21
70 RT RT
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
110 / Electrical Properties
Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Sheet Sheet
82 82 61
Sheet
82
72
Superalloy
61
75
Sheet Sheet Sheet Sheet Sheet Superalloy
82 82 82 82 82 96
Nickel, Nickel, Commercially Pure Nickel 211-Annealed (N02211) Nickel 270-Annealed (N02270) DURANICKEL Alloy 301-Aged (N03301) DURANICKEL Alloy 301Precipitation hardened (N03301)
0.169 u 0.075 u 0.424 d
102 u,d 45 u,d 255
0.424 u
255 u,d
RT RT 21
70 RT
Nickel, Nickel, Iron Chromium Aluminum INCOLOY Alloy MA956 (S67956)
1.386 d
833.7
22
1.082 u 1.056 u 1.082 u 0.952 u 0.989 u 1.16 d
651 u,d 635 u,d 651 u,d 573 u,d 595 u,d 698 u,d
0.952 u
573 u,d
RT
Sheet
82
1.13 u
680 u,d
RT
Sheet
82
1.166 u
701 u,d
RT
Sheet
82
0.345 max,t 0.21 t 0.095 u 0.287 max,t 0.345 max,t 0.431 max,t
207.5 max,t,d 126.3 t,d 57 u,d 172.6 max,t,d 207.5 max,t,d 259.3 max,t,d
Cast Cast Sheet Wrought Wrought Wrought
17 17 82 17 17 17
1.120 t 1.122 u 0.208 t 0.1995 u 1.333 t 1.3298 u 1.330 t 1.3298 u 1.28 u 1.18 u 1.237 1.139 d 1.25 u
674 t,d 674.92 u,d 125 t,d 120.01 u,d 802 t,d 799.92 u,d 800 t,d 799.92 u,d 770 u,d 710 u,d 744.1 d 685.1 752 u,d
Heating alloy
91 65 91 65 91 65 91 65 82 82 61 61 82
1.16 u 1.112 u 1.03 u 1.19 u 1.193
698 u,d 668.90 u,d 620 u,d 716 u,d 717.6 d
Nickel, Nickel, Iron Nickel Chromium 20Cb3-Annealed 20Mo-4-Annealed 20Mo-6-Annealed Alloy 556-Annealed Alloy 800HT-Annealed Hastelloy G-30-Solution strengthened (N06030) INCOLOY alloy 800-Annealed (N08800) INCOLOY alloy 825-Annealed (N08825) INCOLOY alloy 925-Annealed (N09925)
RT RT RT RT RT 24
Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Beryllium 42C-Aged M220C-Aged Nickel 200-Annealed (N02200) N03360-Aged (N03360) N03360-Mill hardened (N03360) N03360-Unaged (N03360)
68 68
20 20 RT 20 20 20
68 68 68
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Chromium 60Ni16Cr24Fe 60Ni16Cr24Fe 71Ni29Fe 71Ni29Fe 75Ni20Cr3Al+Cu or Fe 75Ni20Cr3Al+Cu or Fe 76Ni17Cr4Si3Mn 76Ni17Cr4Si3Mn Alloy S-Annealed Alloy X-Annealed INCONEL alloy 686 INCONEL Alloy MA758 Alloy 230(a)-Cold rolled and annealed (N02230) Alloy HX-Annealed (N06002) 80Ni20Cr (N06003) Alloy 600-Annealed (N06600) Alloy 601-Annealed (N06601) INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601)
RT RT 22 21
Resistance alloy Resistance alloy Sheet Sheet
72 70 RT
Superalloy Sheet
RT
Sheet
20
68 RT RT
26
Resistance alloy
Sheet Sheet 78
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
82 65 82 82 61
Higher Resistivity Materials / 111
Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ . m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Sheet Sheet
82 82 61 82 82
Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Chromium Alloy 617-Annealed (N06617) Alloy 625-Annealed (N06625) INCONELAlloy 625 (N06625) Alloy 690-Annealed (N06690) Alloy 718-Precipitation hardened (N07718) INCONEL Alloy 725 (N07725) Alloy X750-Annealed (N07750) Alloy 751-Annealed (N07751) INCONEL Alloy MA754 (N07754) Alloy C276-Annealed (N10276)
1.22 u 1.29 u 1.290 d 1.148 u 1.25 u
734 u,d 776 u,d 776 691 u,d 752 u,d
RT RT
1.144 d 1.22 u 1.22 u 1.075 d 1.3 u
688.3 734 u,d 734 u,d 646.6 782 u,d
21
1.033 u
621.4 u,d
21
0.412 u 0.547 u 0.489 u 0.51 u 0.615 u
248 u,d 329 u,d 294 u,d 307 u,d 370 u,d
0.58 t 0.62 to 0.63 t 0.58 t 0.62 t
349 t 370 to 380 t 349 t 373 t,d
7.37 u 0.0690 u 0.0620 u 0.080 t
4433.28 u,d 41.51 u,d 37.29 u,d 48.1 t,d
27 20 25 20
0.02350 t
14.1 t,d
20
21
70 RT RT
Sheet Sheet 70
Sheet
61 82 82 61 82
Ultra-high strength
66
RT RT RT RT RT
Sheet Sheet Sheet Sheet Sheet
82 82 82 82 82
RT RT RT RT
All shapes All shapes All shapes All shapes
57 57 57 57
80.6 68 77 68
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Resistance alloy
18 18 18 91
68
Resistance alloy
91
Permanent magnet
88
Sheet Sheet
RT RT 26
78 RT
Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Cobalt MP35N
70
Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Copper Alloy 450-Annealed Alloy 400-Annealed (N04400) Alloy 401-Annealed (N04401) Alloy R-405-Annealed (N04405) Alloy K-500-Precipitation hardened (N05500) Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Molybdenum Carpenter HyMu "80" Alloy Carpenter HyMu "800" Carpenter HyRa "80" Carpenter Vacumet HyMu "800" Alloy Nickel, Nickel, Unclassified Ni Ni Ni Ni(99.8) Noble, Gold, Commercially Pure Gold Au(99.999+)
Noble, Platinum, Platinum Cobalt Permanent Magnet Platinum cobalt
0.28 nom
168 nom,t
RT
0.105 t
63.2 t,d
20
68
Resistance alloy
91
0.016 t
9.6 t,d
20
68
Resistance alloy
91
0.7500 u 0.8540 u 0.77 u
451.15 u,d 513.71 u,d 463.18 u,d
25 20 27
77 68 80.6
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18
0.6200 u 0.5700 u 0.617 u
372.95 u,d 342.87 u,d 371.14 u,d
25 20 27
77 68 80.6
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18
Noble, Platinum, Unclassified Pt(99.99+) Noble, Silver, Unclassified Ag(99.99) Rare Earth, Cerium Ce Ce Ce Rare Earth, Lanthanum La La La
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
112 / Electrical Properties
Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Rare Earth, Lanthanum La
0.565 u
339.86 u,d
20
68
Pure metal, R depends on purity. 98% pure
18
0.14 u 0.142 u
84.21 u,d 85.42 u,d
20 25
68 77
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18
0.667 c 0.5960 u 0.5300 u
401.22 u,d 358.51 u,d 318.81 u,d
27 25 20
80.6 77 68
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18
0.0330 u 0.0376 u
19.85 u,d 22.62 u,d
20 25
68 77
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18
0.127 u 0.13 u 0.1320 u 0.1290 u
76.39 u,d 78.20 u,d 79.40 u,d 77.60 u,d
27 20 20 25
80.6 68 68 77
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18
1.011 u,d 0.94 u 0.88 u 0.84 u 0.91 u 0.917 u 0.89
608 u,d 565 u,d 529 u,d 505 u,d 547 u,d 552 u,d 535
68
Composite, tool and die alloy Wear resistant Wear resistant Wear resistant Wear resistant Used in dry batteries High temp corrosion res
66 83 83 83 83 66 66
1.033 1.03 u
621 620 u,d
RT
Work hardened and aged
66 83
0.55 t 0.55 t
331 t,d 331 t,d
RT RT
Magnet alloy Magnet alloy
66 66
RT
Permanent magnet
88
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 83 18 18
CoFeV CoFeV
66 66
Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy
66 83 83
Rare Earth, Thorium Th Th Rare Earth, Yttrium Y Y Y Refractory, Beryllium Be Be Refractory, Chromium Cr Cr Cr Cr Refractory, Cobalt, Cobalt Chromium ALX Alloy-Cast Cobalt Alloy 1-Cast Cobalt Alloy 12-Cast Cobalt Alloy 6-Cast Cobalt Alloy 6B-Wrought Haynes Stellite No. 4 Conicro 5010W (R30605)
RT RT RT RT RT RT 20
Refractory, Cobalt, Cobalt Nickel Carpenter MP35N (R30035) Cobalt Alloy MP35N (R30035)
21
70
Refractory, Cobalt, Cobalt Rare Earth INCOR 18 INCOR 21
Refractory, Cobalt, Cobalt Rare Earth Permanent Magnet Cobalt rare earth 1
0.50 nom
301 nom,t
Refractory, Cobalt, Commercially Pure Co Co Co Co Co
0.599 u 0.0634 u 0.0525 u 0.0520 u 0.0568 u
360.32 u,d 38.14 u,d 31.6 u,d 31.28 u,d 34.17 u,d
27 20
80.6 68 RT
25 20
77 68
Refractory, Cobalt, Soft Magnetic Alloy Covandur-Annealed Covandur-Unannealed
0.26 u 0.26 u
156 u,d 156 u,d
0.922 u,d 1.01 u 0.89 u
555 u,d 607.5 u,d 535 u,d
RT RT
Refractory, Cobalt, Superalloy Colbalt 188 Colbalt 188 Colbalt 25
21
70 RT RT
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
Higher Resistivity Materials / 113
Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Refractory, Cobalt, Superalloy HS-21 HS-31 (X-40) UMCo50 UMCo51 Elgiloy (R30003) Stellite 6 (R30006) L-605 (R30605)
0.8738 t,d 0.9703 t,d 0.8255 t,d 1.0185 t,d 0.9975 t,d 0.9093 t,d 0.8865 t,d
525.6 t,d 583.7 t,d 496.6 t,d 612.7 t,d 600.0 t,d 547.0 t,d 533.2 t,d
21 21 21 21 21 22 24
70 70 70 70 70 72 75
Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy
56 56 56 56 56 56 56
0.3400 u 0.322 u 0.355 u
204.52 u,d 193.69 u,d 213.54 u,d
27 20 20
80.6 68 68
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18
31.28 t,d
20
68
0.0392 t 0.0383 t 0.0313 t
23.58 t,d 23.04 t,d 18.83 t,d
20 20 20
68 68 68
Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate
58 58 58
0.052 u 0.052 u 0.0530 u 0.0570 u 0.052 t
31.3 u,d 31.3 u,d 31.88 u,d 34.29 u,d 31.3 t,d
20 20 25 20 20
68 68 77 68 68
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Resistance alloy
90 65 18 18 91
0.125 u 0.1600 u 0.16 u 0.146 u 0.1330 u
75.2 u,d 96.24 u,d 96.2 u,d 87.82 u,d 80.00 u,d
25 20 20 20 25
77 68 68 68 77
Unalloyed Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
66 18 90 18 18
0.210 u 0.169 u 0.1988 u 0.187 u 0.193 u 0.193 u
126.32 u,d 101.66 u,d 119.58 u,d 112.49 u,d 116.10 u,d 116 u,d
20 25 27 20 20 20
68 77 80.6 68 68 68
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 90
0.1245 u 0.131 u 0.135 u 0.134 u 0.135 u 0.125 t
74.89 u,d 78.80 u,d 81.2 u,d 80.61 u,d 81.21 u,d 75.2 t,d
20 25 20 27 20 20
68 77 68 80.6 68 68
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Resistance alloy
65 18 90 18 18 91
33.08 t,d
20
68
Refractory, Halfnium Hf Hf Hf
Refractory, Molybdenum, Commercially Pure CMW Elkon 100M
0.052 t
58
Refractory, Molybdenum, Molybdenum Silver CMW Elkonite 7065 CMW Elkonite G17 CMW Elkonite G18 Refractory, Molybdenum, Unclassified Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo(99.9) Refractory, Niobium Cabot Columbium Nb Nb Nb Nb Refractory, Rhenium Re Re Re Re Re Re Refractory, Tantalum Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta(99.96)
Refractory, Tungsten, Commercially Pure CMW Elkon 100W
0.055 t
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
58
114 / Electrical Properties
Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ . m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Copper CMW Elkonite 10W3 CMW Elkonite 10W53 CMW Elkonite 1W3 CMW Elkonite 2050C CMW Elkonite 2140C CMW Elkonite 30W3 CMW Elkonite 3W3 CMW Elkonite 3W53 CMW Elkonite 40W3 CMW Elkonite 50W3 CMW Elkonite 5W3 CMW Elkonite TC1O CMW Elkonite TC20 CMW Elkonite TC5 CMW Elkonite TC53 CMW Thermkon 62 CMW Thermkon 68 CMW Thermkon 76 CMW Thermkon 83
0.0383 t 0.0616 t 0.0325 t 0.0297 t 0.0575 t 0.0421 t 0.0345 t 0.0575 t 0.0466 t 0.0493 t 0.0359 t 0.0410 t 0.0575 t 0.0383 t 0.0958 t 0.0539 t 0.0492 t 0.0421 t 0.0383 t
23.04 t,d 37.05 t,d 19.55 t,d 17.87 t,d 34.59 t,d 25.32 t,d 20.75 t,d 34.59 t,d 28.03 t,d 29.66 t,d 21.59 t,d 24.66 t,d 34.59 t,d 23.04 t,d 57.63 t,d 32.42 t,d 29.60 t,d 25.32 t,d 23.04 t,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
0.1230 t 0.1078 t 0.1724 t 0.1330 t
73.99 t,d 64.84 t,d 103.70 t,d 80.00 t,d
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
0.0475 t 0.0493 t 0.0352 t 0.0383 t 0.0187 t 0.0287 t 0.0322 t 0.0345 t 0.0367 t 0.0383 t 0.0313 t 0.0338 t 0.0278 t 0.0297 t 0.0313 t 0.0278 t 0.0265 t 0.0302 t 0.0367 t 0.0466 t
28.57 t,d 29.66 t,d 21.17 t,d 23.04 t,d 11.25 t,d 17.26 t,d 19.37 t,d 20.75 t,d 22.08 t,d 23.04 t,d 18.83 t,d 20.33 t,d 16.72 t,d 17.87 t,d 18.83 t,d 16.72 t,d 15.94 t,d 18.17 t,d 22.08 t,d 28.03 t,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter Press-Sinter-Repress Press-Sinter-Repress Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter Press-Sinter-Repress Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate
58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58
0.053 u
31.9 u,d
20
68
Pure metal, R depends on purity
90
Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Repress Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Composite Composite Composite Composite
58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58
Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Nickel CMW 1000 CMW 2000 CMW 3000 CMW 3950
58 58 58 58
Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Silver CMW Elkonite 1060 CMW Elkonite 2088 CMW Elkonite 20S CMW Elkonite 20SB CMW Elkonite 2110 CMW Elkonite 2150 CMW Elkonite 3042 CMW Elkonite 30S CMW Elkonite 30SB CMW Elkonite 3150 CMW Elkonite 35S CMW Elkonite 35SB CMW Elkonite 4050 CMW Elkonite 40S CMW Elkonite 40SB CMW Elkonite 45S CMW Elkonite 50S CMW Elkonite G12 CMW Elkonite G13 CMW Elkonite G14 Refractory, Tungsten, Unclassified W
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
Higher Resistivity Materials / 115
Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Refractory, Tungsten, Unclassified W W W W W W(99.9)
0.052 u 0.055 u 0.054 u 0.0565 u 0.0545 u 0.055 t
31.28 u,d 33.08 u,d 32.48 u,d 34.0 u,d 32.78 u,d 33.1 t,d
25 20 20 20 27 20
77 68 68 68 80.6 68
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Resistance alloy
18 18 18 65 18 91
0.201 u 0.248 u 0.1990 u 0.1960 u
120.91 u,d 149.18 u,d 119.70 u,d 117.90 u,d
27 20 25 20
80.6 68 77 68
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18
0.435 u 0.50 u 0.3890 u 0.4400 u
261.67 u,d 300.77 u,d 234.00 u,d 264.67 u,d
27 20 25 20
80.6 68 77 68
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.9% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18
0.995 to 1.995 t
599 to 1176 t,d
20
68
Heating element. Heating alloy
91
1.250 t 1.12 t 0.49 t
752 t,d 674 t,d 295 t
20 20
68 68
Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy Heating element. Heating alloy All shapes
91 91 57
0.210 u 0.228 u
126.3 u,d 137 u,d
20 20
68 68
Nearest AISI Nearest AISI
65 65
0.223 u 0.222 u
134.1 u,d 133.5 u,d
20 20
68 68
Nearest AISI Nearest AISI
65 65
0.6 to 0.7 u 0.50 u 0.49 max 0.70 max 0.80 t
360 to 420 u,d 301 u,d 295.0 max,d 421.0 max,d 480 t
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 RT
Lead frame alloy, Sealing Alloy Lead frame alloy, Sealing Alloy All shapes
65 65 20 20 57
0.80 t
480 t
RT
All shapes
57
0.48 t 0.989 d
290 t 595
21
70
All shapes Superalloy
57 61
0.248 u
149.2 u,d
20
68
Nearest AISI
65
0.28 u 0.23 u 0.25 t 0.25 t
168 u,d 138 u,d 150 t,d 150 t,d
20 20
68 68
Electrical
65 65 85 85
Refractory, Vanadium V V V V Refractory, Zirconium Zr Zr Zr Zr Silicon, Carbide Silicon carbide Steel, Alloy, Chromium 81Fe15Cr4Al 83.5Fe13Cr3.25Al Carpenter Chrome Core 8 & 8FM Alloys 5132# (G51320) 5140# (G51400)
RT
Steel, Alloy, Chromium Molybdenum 4130# (G41300) 4140# (G41400) Steel, Alloy, Nickel 18Ni250 50% Ni Iron-Annealed ASTM F15 ASTM F30 Carpenter Temperature Compensator "32" (Type 1) Carpenter Temperature Compensator "32" (Type 2, 3, and 4) Carpenter "49" Alloy (K94840) INCOLOY alloy 800 (N08800)
RT
Steel, Alloy, Nickel Chromium Molybdenum 4340# (G43400) Steel, Alloy, Silicon 0.5% Si steel-Annealed 1% Si steel-Annealed 1% Si steel-Annealed 1% Si steel-Annealed
RT RT
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
116 / Electrical Properties
Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Steel, Alloy, Silicon 1% Si steel, free machining-Annealed 1.75% Si steel-Annealed 2.5 % Si steel-Annealed 2.5 % Si steel-Annealed 2.5 % Si steel, free machiningAnnealed 2.5 % Si steel, free machiningAnnealed 3% Si steel-Annealed 3.0% Si steel-Annealed 4% Si steel-Annealed 4% Si steel-Annealed Grain oriented 3% Si steel-Annealed Grain oriented 3.0% Si steel-Annealed Grain oriented 50% Ni iron-Annealed
0.25 t 0.37 u 0.41 u 0.40 t 0.40 t
150 t,d 223 u,d 247 u,d 241 t,d 241 t,d
RT
0.40 t
241 t,d
0.48 u 0.47 u 0.59 u 0.58 t 0.48 u 0.50 u 0.45 u
289 u,d 283 u,d 355 u,d 349 t,d 289 u,d 301 u,d 271 u,d
20 20 20
68 68 68
Electrical Electrical
65 65 65 85 65 65 65
0.208 u
125.1 u,d
20
68
Nearest AISI
65
0.130 u 0.142 u 0.12 u 0.13 t 0.169 u 0.56 u 0.171 u 0.180 u
78.2 u,d 85.4 u,d 72 u,d 78 t,d 101.7 u,d 337 u,d 102.9 u,d 108.3 u,d
20 20 20
68 68 68
Nearest AISI Nearest AISI
20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68
Nearest AISI
65 65 65 85 65 65 65 65
0.840 u 0.900 u 0.896 u
505.3 u,d 541.4 u,d 539.0 u,d
21 21 21
70 70 70
64 64 64
0.760 u 0.770 u
457.2 u,d 463.2 u,d
21 21
70 70
64 64
0.80 u 0.90 u 1.00 u
481 u,d 541 u,d 602 u,d
20 20 20
68 68 68
65 65 65
0.780 u 0.760 u
469.2 u,d 457.2 u,d
21 21
70 70
64 64
0.820 u 0.762 u 0.762 u 0.779 u 0.720 u 0.710 u
493.3 u,d 458.4 u,d 458.4 u,d 468.6 u,d 433.1 u,d 427.1 u,d
21 21 21 21 21 21
70 70 70 70 70 70
64 64 64 64 64 64
RT RT
Bar
85 65 65 85 85
RT
Bar
85
20 20
68 68
20 20 20
68 68 68
Bar Electrical
Electrical
RT
Steel, Carbon Steel, High-Manganese 1524# (G1524) Steel, Carbon Steel, Nonresulfurized 1008# (0.06C) (G10080) 1008#(0.07C) (G10080) 1010-Annealed (G10100) 1010-Annealed (G10100) 1025# (G10250) 1040 (G10400) 1042# (G10420) 1078# (G10780)
RT
Nearest AISI Nearest AISI
Steel, Cast Stainless, Austenitic CH-20 (J93402) CK-20 (J94202) CN-7M (N08007) Steel, Cast Stainless, Ferritic CB30 (J91803) CC50 (J92615) Steel, Cast Stainless, Heat Resisting HH (J93503) HK (J94224) HT (N08605) Steel, Cast Stainless, Martensitic CA15 (J91150) CA40 (J91153) Steel, Cast Stainless, Unclassified CF-12M CF-3 (J92500) CF-8 (J92600) CF-20 (J92602) CF-16F (J92701) CF-8C (J92710)
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
Higher Resistivity Materials / 117
Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Steel, Cast Stainless, Unclassified CF-3M (J92900) CF-8M (J92900) CG-8M (J93000) CE-30 (J93423)
0.820 u 0.820 u 0.820 u 0.850 u
493.3 u,d 493.3 u,d 493.3 u,d 511.3 u,d
1.020 t 0.69 t 0.69 0.69 t 0.72 u 0.72 t 0.72 0.72 t 0.72 u 0.72 t 0.72 t 0.72 u 0.72 t 1.8288 t,d 0.72 t 0.72 t 0.72 t 0.72 t 0.78 u 0.78 t 0.78 t 0.77 t 1.9558 t,d 0.74 t 0.74 u 0.74 u 0.74 t 0.74 u 0.74 t 0.79 t 0.72 t 0.75 t 0.73 t 0.73 u 0.79 t
613.6 t,d 415 t,d 415 415 t,d 432 u,d 433 t,d 433 433 t,d 433 u,d 433 t,d 433 t,d 433 u,d 433 t,d 1100.1 t,d 433 t,d 433 t,d 433 t,d 433 t,d 469 u,d 469 t,d 469 t,d 463 t,d 1176.5 t,d 445 t,d 445 u,d 445 u,d 445 t,d 445 u,d 445 t,d 475 t,d 433 t,d 451 t,d 439 t,d 439 u,d 475 t,d
0.85
511
0.57 t
343 t
0.755 t
453 t
21 21 21 21
70 70 70 70
64 64 64 64
Steel, Wrought Stainless, Austenitic 330-Annealed (N08330) 201-Annealed (S20100) J&L Type 201-Annealed (S20100) 202-Annealed (S20200) 301-Annealed (S30100) 301-Annealed (S30100) J&L Type 301 (S30100) 302 (S30200) 302 (S30200) 302B-Annealed (S30215) 303-Annealed (S30300) 304 (S30400) 304 (S30400) 304L (S30403) S30430-Annealed (S30430) 304N-Annealed (S30451) 305-Annealed (S30500) 308-Annealed (S30800) 309 (S30900) 309-Annealed (S30900) 310 (S31000) 314 (S31400) 314 (S31400) 316 (S31600) 316 (S31600) 316-Annealed (S31600) 316N-Annealed (S31651) 317 (S31700) 317-Annealed (S31700) 317L-Annealed (S31703) 321 (S32100) 329-Annealed (S32900) 347 (S34700) 347 (S34700) 384-Annealed (S38400)
RT RT 21
70
Ingot, slabs, sheet, strip
RT 20
68 RT
21
70 RT 68
20
Superalloy Superalloy
RT RT 20
68 RT
20
68
Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy
RT RT RT RT 20
68 RT RT RT 68
20 RT 20 20
68 68
Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy
RT 20
68 RT RT RT RT RT
Superalloy
65 65 66 65 64 65 66 65 65 65 65 64 65 56 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 56 65 65 64 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
68
Superalloy Superalloy
70
Continuous mill plate, slabs, sheet, strip
66
RT
All shapes
57
RT
All shapes
57
20 RT
Steel, Wrought Stainless, Duplex J&L Type 2205 (S31803)
21
Steel, Wrought Stainless, Ferritic Carpenter Chrome Core 12 & 12FM Alloys Carpenter Chrome Core 18FM Solenoid Quality Stainless
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
118 / Electrical Properties
Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Steel, Wrought Stainless, Ferritic Carpenter Stainless Type 430FR Solenoid Quality 405 (S40500) 405-Annealed (S40500) 429-Annealed (S42900) 430-Annealed (S43000) 430-Annealed (S43000) 430F-Annealed (S43020) Carpenter Stainless Type 430F Solenoid Quality (S43020) 434-Annealed (S43400) 436-Annealed (S43600) 444-Annealed (S44400) 446-Annealed (S44600) 446-Annealed (S44600)
0.76 t
460 t
0.60 u 0.60 t 0.59 t 0.60 u 0.60 t 0.60 t 0.60 t
361 u,d 361 t,d 355 t,d 361 u,d 361 t,d 361 t,d 361 t
0.60 t 0.60 t 0.62 t 0.67 t 0.61 u
361 t,d 361 t,d 373 t,d 403 t,d 367 u,d
0.57 u 0.57 t 0.57 u 0.70 t 0.57 t 0.57 u 0.7874 t,d 0.55 t 0.72 t 0.60 t 0.60 t 0.68 u
343 u,d 342.9 u,d 343 u,d 421 t,d 343 t,d 343 u,d 473.6 t,d 331 t,d 433 t,d 361 t,d 361 t,d 409 u,d
RT 20
All shapes
57
All shapes
65 65 65 65 65 65 57
68 RT RT
20
68 RT RT RT
65 65 65 65 65
RT RT RT RT 68
20
Steel, Wrought Stainless, Martensitic 403 (S40300) 410 (S41000) 410-Annealed (S41000) 414-Annealed (S41400) 416-Annealed (S41600) 416-Annealed (S41600) Greek Ascoloy (S41800) 420-Annealed (S42000) 431-Annealed (S43100) 440A-Annealed (S44002) 440C-Annealed (S44004) 443-Annealed (S44300)
20
68 RT
20
68
Superalloy Superalloy
68 77
Superalloy
RT RT 20 25 RT RT RT RT 20
68
20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68
Bar Sheet Bar Bar Bar Sheet
70 70
70
Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy
80
Superalloy
65 65 65 65 65 65 56 65 65 65 65 65
Steel, Wrought Stainless, Precipitation Hardening 14-4PH-A (J92240) 14-4PH-A (J92240) 14-4PH-H1075 (J92240) 14-4PH-H1075 (J92240) 14-4PH-H900 (J92240) 14-4PH-H900 (J92240) PH13-8Mo-Annealed (S13800) 15-5PH-Annealed (S15500) PH15-7Mo (S15789) 17-4PH (S17400) 17-4PH (S17400) Stainless W (S17600) 17-7PH (S17700) 17-7PH (S17700) 17-7PH-A (S17700) 17-7PH-CH 900 (S17700) 17-7PH-RH 950 (S17700) 17-7PH-TH 1050 (S17700) AM-350 (S35000)
0.770 u,d 0.025 u,d 0.285 u 0.800 u,d 1.001 u,d 0.980 u,d 1.02 t 0.77 t 2.1082 t,d 1.9558 t,d 0.80 t 2.1590 t,d 0.83 t 2.1082 t,d 0.800 u,d 0.838 u,d 0.831 u,d 0.826 u,d 2.0015 t,d
463 u,d 15 u,d 171.4 u,d 481 u,d 602 u,d 590 u,d 614 t,d 463 t,d 1268.1 t,d 1176.5 t,d 481 t,d 1298.7 t,d 499 t,d 1268.1 t,d 481 u,d 504 u,d 500 u,d 497 u,d 1204.0 t,d
RT RT 21 21 RT 21
70 RT
21 RT RT RT RT 27
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
64 64 65 64 64 64 65 65 56 56 65 56 65 56 64 64 64 64 56
Higher Resistivity Materials / 119
Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ . m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Steel, Wrought Stainless, Precipitation Hardening AM-355 (S35500)
1.9202 t,d
1155.1 t,d
27
80
1.6623 u 1.450 t 1.388 u 1.3548 u 1.350 t 1.390 t 0.40 u
999.9 u 872 t,d 834.92 u,d 814.95 u 812 t,d 836 t,d 241 u,d
20 20 20 20 20 20 20
68 68 68 68 68 68 68
0.65 approx 1.6 t 1.67 t 1.7 t 1.8 t 1.6 t 1.573 u 1.85 to 1.9 t 1.97 approx 1.6 u 1.27 u
391 approx RT 962 t RT 1005 t RT 1023 t RT 1083 t RT 962 t RT 946.2 u 20 68 1110 to 1140 t RT 1185 approx RT 962 u RT 764 u RT
63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63
1.59 t 1.7 t 1.64 t 1.62 t 1.71 t 0.92 1.9 to 2.05 t 1.57 t 1.7 t
956 t 1023 t 987 t 974 t 1029 t 553 1140 to 1230 t 944.40 t 1023 t
63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63
1.48 t 1.4 t 1.4 t 1.56 t 1.35 t 1.6 t
890 t 842 t 842 t 938 t 812 t 962 t
Superalloy
56
Steel, Wrought Stainless, Unclassified 55Fe37.5Cr7.5Al 72.5Fe22Cr5.5Al 72Fe23Cr5Al 72Fe23Cr5Al0.5Co 73.5Fe22Cr4.55Al 73Fe22Cr5Al 501 (S50100)
Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy
Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy
65 91 65 65 91 91 65
Titanium, Titanium, Alpha IMI 230 IMI 679 IMI 685 Ti5621S Timetal 1100 Ti5Al2.5Sn (R54520) Ti5Al2.5Sn (R54520) Ti6242Si (R54620) Ti811 (R54810) Ti621/0.8 (R56210) Ti3Al2.5V (R56320) Titanium, Titanium, Alpha Beta IMI 550 IMI 551 SP-700 Timetal 62S Ti5522S (R54560) Ti8Mn (R56080) Ti6246 (R56260) Ti6Al6V2Sn (R56620) Ti7Al4Mo (R56740)
RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT
Titanium, Titanium, Beta Ti15-3 Ti15-3 Ti13-11-3 (R58010) Beta III (R58030) Timetal 21S (R58210) Beta C (R58640)
25 RT RT RT RT RT
77
63 63 63 63 63 63
Titanium, Titanium, Commercially Pure High-Purity Ti Unalloyed Ti Grade 2 (R50400) Unalloyed Ti Grade 4 (R50700) Ti0.2 Pd (Grade 11) (R52250) Ti0.2 Pd (Grade 7) (R52400) Ti0.3Mo0.8Ni (Grade 12) (R53400)
0.42 u 0.5 to 0.55 u 0.6 u 0.55 u 0.55 u 0.52 u
253 u 55 to 331 u 361 u 331 u 331 u 313 u
RT RT RT RT RT RT
63 63 63 63 63 63
0.82 t
493 t
RT
63
Titanium, Titanium, Titanium Nickel TiNi Shape Memory Alloy (austenite)
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
120 / Electrical Properties
Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC
Notes
Reference
Titanium, Titanium, Titanium Nickel TiNi Shape Memory Alloy (martensite) 0.76 t
457 t
RT
63
Titanium, Titanium, Unclassified Ti Ti Ti Ti
0.5400 u 0.65 u 0.54 u 0.3900 u
324.83 u,d 390.99 u,d 324.83 u,d 234.60 u,d
20 27 20 25
68 80.6 68 77
0.48 u 0.48 u
289 u,d 289 u,d
20 20
68 68
0.063694 t 0.065359 t
38.314 t,d 39.315 t,d
20 20
68 68
Casting alloy Casting alloy
55 55
0.0596 u 0.06 u 0.061 u 0.0545 u
35.85 u,d 36.09 u,d 36.69 u,d 32.78 u,d
20 20 20 25
68 68 68 77
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. Pure Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.74% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18
Unclassified AL 4750 Armco 48
65 65
Zinc, Cast Z33520 (Z33520) Z33531 (Z33531) Zinc, Miscellaneous Zn Zn Zn Zn
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
Higher Resistivity Materials / 121
Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ . m
Ω circular-mil/ft
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Actinide, Neptunium Np Np Np Np Np Np Np Np Np Np Np Np Np Np Np Np
1.164 u 1.177 u 1.191 u 1.193 u 1.205 u 1.209 u 1.213 u 1.053 u 1.071 u 1.089 u 1.099 u 1.098 u 1.097 u 1.098 u 1.094 u 1.096 u
700.18 u,d 708.00 u,d 716.42 u,d 717.63 u,d 724.84 u,d 727.25 u,d 729.66 u,d 633.41 u,d 644.24 u,d 655.07 u,d 661.08 u,d 660.48 u,d 659.88 u,d 660.48 u,d 658.07 u,d 659.28 u,d
310 334 370 373 425 472 538 600 641 705 771 828 849 873 896 902
590 633.2 698 703.4 797 881.6 1000 1112 1185.8 1301 1419.8 1522.4 1560.2 1603.4 1644.8 1655.6
Alpha phase Alpha phase Alpha phase Alpha phase Alpha phase Alpha phase Alpha phase Beta phase Beta phase Beta phase Beta phase Beta phase Gamma phase Gamma phase Gamma phase Gamma phase
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
1.40 u 1.416 u 1.11 u 1.08 u 1.08 u 1.078 u 1.10 u 1.10 u 1.07 u 1.07 u 1.074 u 1.10 u 1.00 u 1.03 u 1.007 u 1.02 u 1.05 u 1.14 u 1.14 u 1.106 u 1.20 u 1.14 u 1.00 u
842.14 u,d 851.77 u,d 667.70 u,d 649.65 u,d 649.65 u,d 648.45 u,d 661.68 u,d 661.68 u,d 643.64 u,d 643.64 u,d 646.04 u,d 661.68 u,d 601.53 u,d 619.58 u,d 605.74 u,d 613.56 u,d 631.61 u,d 685.74 u,d 685.74 u,d 665.29 u,d 721.84 u,d 685.74 u,d 601.53 u,d
100 100 130 150 200 200 200 220 225 275 300 300 325 360 400 400 470 500 500 500 500 550 725
212 212 163.8 302 392 392 392 428 437 527 572 572 617 680 752 752 878 932 932 932 932 1022 1337
Alpha phase Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Beta phase Beta phase Pure metal, R depends on purity Beta phase Pure metal, R depends on purity Gamma phase Gamma phase Pure metal, R depends on purity Gamma phase Delta phase Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Delta phase Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Epsilon phase Pure metal, R depends on purity Epsilon phase Epsilon phase Delta phase
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
0.040 u 0.32 u 0.59 u 0.50 u 0.557 u 0.557 u 0.54 u
24.06 u,d 192.49 u,d 354.90 u,d 300.77 u,d 335.05 u,d 335.05 u,d 324.83 u,d
-150 0 100 300 700 700 800
-238 32 212 572 1292 1292 1472
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Alpha phase Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Beta phase Gamma phase
18 18 18 18 18 18 18
Actinide, Plutonium Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Actinide, Uranium U U U U U U U
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
122 / Electrical Properties
Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Ω circular-mil/ft
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Actinide, Uranium U U
0.557 u 0.557 u
335.05 u,d 335.05 u,d
900 900
1652 1652
Pure metal, R depends on purity Gamma phase
18 18
0.88 u 1.10 u 1.20 u 1.30 u 1.42 u
529.35 u,d 661.68 u,d 721.84 u,d 781.99 u,d 854.17 u,d
-73 127 227 327 427
-99.4 260.6 440.6 620.6 800.6
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18
0.60 u 2.04 u 0.96 u 1.11 u 1.26 u 1.40 u 1.52 u 1.62 u 1.72 u 1.90 u
360.92 u,d 1227.12 u,d 577.47 u,d 667.70 u,d 757.93 u,d 842.14 u,d 914.33 u,d 974.48 u,d 1034.63 u,d 1142.91 u,d
-73 1127 127 227 327 427 527 627 727 927
-99.4 2060.6 260.6 440.6 620.6 800.6 980.6 1160.6 1340.6 1700
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
0.84 u 0.81 u 1.02 u 1.20 u 1.40 u 1.59 u 1.79 u 1.86 u 1.93 u
505.29 u,d 487.24 u,d 613.56 u,d 721.84 u,d 842.14 u,d 956.43 u,d 1076.74 u,d 1118.85 u,d 1160.95 u,d
-173 -73 127 227 327 427 527 627 727
-279.4 -99.4 260.6 440.6 620.6 800.6 980.6 1160.6 1340.6
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
0.71 u 1.06 u 1.23 u 1.36 u 1.49 u
427.09 u,d 637.62 u,d 739.88 u,d 818.08 u,d 896.28 u,d
-73 127 227 327 427
-99.4 260.6 440.6 620.6 800.6
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18
0.20 u 0.46 u 0.83 u 0.98 u 1.14 u 1.27 u 1.40 u 1.50 u 1.60 u 1.74 u
120.31 u,d 276.70 u,d 499.27 u,d 589.50 u,d 685.74 u,d 763.94 u,d 842.14 u,d 902.30 u,d 962.45 u,d 1046.66 u,d
-173 -73 127 227 327 427 527 627 727 927
-279.4 -99.4 260.6 440.6 620.6 800.6 980.6 1160.6 1340.6 1700
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
Lanthanide, Dysprosium Dy Dy Dy Dy Dy Lanthanide, Erbium Er Er Er Er Er Er Er Er Er Er Lanthanide, Europium Eu Eu Eu Eu Eu Eu Eu Eu Eu Lanthanide, Holmium Ho Ho Ho Ho Ho Lanthanide, Lutetium Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
Higher Resistivity Materials / 123
Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ . m
Ω circular-mil/ft
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Lanthanide, Neodymium Nd Nd Nd Nd Nd Nd Nd
0.26 u 0.50 u 0.80 u 0.90 u 0.98 u 1.07 u 1.15 u
156.40 u,d 300.77 u,d 481.22 u,d 541.38 u,d 589.50 u,d 643.64 u,d 691.76 u,d
-173 -73 127 227 327 427 527
-279.4 -99.4 260.6 440.6 620.6 800.6 980.6
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18
0.41 u 0.55 u 0.78 u 0.89 u 0.97 u 1.04 u 1.11 u 1.17 u
246.63 u,d 330.84 u,d 469.19 u,d 535.36 u,d 583.48 u,d 625.59 u,d 667.70 u,d 703.79 u,d
-173 -73 127 227 327 427 527 627
-279.4 -99.4 260.6 440.6 620.6 800.6 980.6 1160.6
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
0.64 u 0.77 u 1.00 u 1.11 u 1.23 u 1.40 u 1.53 u 1.64 u
384.98 u,d 463.18 u,d 601.53 u,d 667.70 u,d 739.88 u,d 842.14 u,d 920.34 u,d 986.51 u,d
-173 -73 127 227 327 427 527 627
-279.4 -99.4 260.6 440.6 620.6 800.6 980.6 1160.6
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
0.87 u 1.28 u 1.37 u 1.47 u 1.56 u 1.69 u 1.70 u 1.76 u 1.84 u
523.33 u,d 769.96 u,d 824.10 u,d 884.25 u,d 938.39 u,d 1016.59 u,d 1022.60 u,d 1058.69 u,d 1106.82 u,d
-73 127 227 327 427 527 627 727 927
-99.4 260.6 440.6 620.6 800.6 980.6 1160.6 1340.6 1700
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
0.42 u 0.61 u 0.93 u 1.04 u 1.16 u
252.64 u,d 366.93 u,d 559.42 u,d 625.59 u,d 697.78 u,d
-173 -73 127 227 327
-279.4 -99.4 260.6 440.6 620.6
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18
Lanthanide, Praseodymium Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Lanthanide, Samarium Sm Sm Sm Sm Sm Sm Sm Sm Lanthanide, Terbium Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Lanthanide, Thulium Tm Tm Tm Tm Tm
Magnesium, Wrought, Magnesium Thorium Manganese HM31A-F (M13312) HM31A-F (M13312) HM31A-F (M13312)
0.097 u 0.115 u 0.079 u
58.3 u,d 69.2 u,d 47.5 u,d
200 316 93
392 600 200
Extruded Extruded Extruded
84 84 84
1.840E-02 u
11.07 u,d
-123
-189.4
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
Magnesium, Wrought, Unclassified Mg
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
124 / Electrical Properties
Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families µΩ . m
Alloy-temper (UNS number)
Ω circular-mil/ft
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Magnesium, Wrought, Unclassified Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg
0.00908 u 9.10E-03 u 5.57E-03 u 2.61E-03 u 7.4E-04 u 1.23E-04 u 6.2E-05 u 2.750E-02 u 0.0275 u 0.0405 u 0.0560 u 0.0619 u 0.0720 u 0.07865 u 0.0952 u 0.1210 u 0.112 u 0.128 u 0.144 u
5.46 u,d 5.47 u,d 3.35 u,d 1.57 u,d 0.45 u,d 0.07 u,d 0.04 u,d 16.54 u,d 16.54 u,d 24.36 u,d 33.69 u,d 37.23 u,d 43.31 u,d 47.31 u,d 57.27 u,d 72.79 u,d 67.37 u,d 77.00 u,d 86.62 u,d
-173 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 -73 0 100 127 200 227 327 400 427 527 627
-279.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 -99.4 32 212 260.6 392 440.6 620.6 752 800.6 980.6 1160.6
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Nickel-Iron Soft Magnetic ASTM A753 Type 1 K94490 (K94490) ASTM A753 Type 2 K94840 (K94840)
1.60 t
16.0 t
727
1.55 t
15.5 t
727
18.95 u,d 7.22 u,d 7.70 u,d 4.17 u,d 1.63 u,d 0.46 u,d 0.17 u,d 0.14 u,d 31.28 u,d 30.68 u,d 51.55 u,d 88.42 u,d 703.79 u,d 98.65 u,d 733.87 u,d 135.95 u,d 145.57 u,d 201.51 u,d 259.26 u,d 269.49 u,d 352.50 u,d 419.87 u,d 445.13 u,d
-123 -173 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 -73 0 100 1127 127 1327 200 227 327 400 427 527 600 627
1340.6 All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.) 1340.6 All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.)
73
-189.4 -279.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 -99.4 32 212 2060.6 260.6 2420.6 392 440.6 620.6 752 800.6 980.6 1112 1160.6
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
73
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Unclassified Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe
0.0315 u 0.012 u 0.0128 u 0.00693 u 0.00271 u 7.58E-4 u 2.87E-4 u 2.25E-4 u 0.0520 u 0.051 u 0.0857 u 0.1470 u 1.17 u 0.164 u 1.22 u 0.2260 u 0.242 u 0.335 u 0.4310 u 0.448 u 0.586 u 0.6980 u 0.740 u
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
Higher Resistivity Materials / 125
Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families µΩ
Alloy-temper (UNS number)
.m
Ω circular-mil/ft
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Unclassified Fe Fe Fe
0.914 u 1.0550 u 1.119 u
549.80 u,d 634.61 u,d 673.11 u,d
727 800 927
1340.6 Pure metal, R depends on purity 1472 Pure metal, R depends on purity 1700 Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18
0.590 u 1.540 u
354.90 u,d 926.36 u,d
100 500
212 932
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18
0.143 u 8.850E-02 u 6.830E-02 u 4.860E-02 u 2.910E-02 u 9.40E-03 u 8.1E-04 u 0.202 u 0.302 u
86.02 u,d 53.24 u,d 41.08 u,d 29.23 u,d 17.50 u,d 5.65 u,d 0.49 u,d 121.51 u,d 181.66 u,d
-123 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 0
-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 32
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
1.560E-02 u 9.10E-03 u 6.50E-03 u 4.00E-03 u 1.75E-03 u 6.0E-04 u 4.5E-04 u 2.190E-02 u 0.0311 u
9.38 u,d 5.47 u,d 3.91 u,d 2.41 u,d 1.05 u,d 0.36 u,d 0.27 u,d 13.17 u,d 18.71 u,d
-123 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 0
-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 32
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
Mn
1.359 u
817.48 u,d
-123
-189.4
18
Mn Mn
1.36 u 1.321 u
818.08 u,d 794.62 u,d
-123 -173
-189.4 -279.4
Mn Mn Mn Mn
1.32 u 1.32 u 1.31 u 1.419 u
794.02 u,d 794.02 u,d 788.00 u,d 853.57 u,d
-173 -193 -213 -23
-279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -9.4
Mn Mn
1.16 u 1.161 u
697.78 u,d 698.38 u,d
-233 -233
-387.4 -387.4
Mn
0.536 u
322.42 u,d
-253
-423.4
Mn Mn Mn
0.54 u 0.189 u 0.1884 u
324.83 u,d 113.69 u,d 113.33 u,d
-253 -263 -263
-423.4 -441 -441
Mn Mn
7.020E-02 u 0.088 u
42.23 u,d 52.93 u,d
-272 -273
-457.6 -459.4
Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99% Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99% Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99% Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99% Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99% Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99% Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99%
Miscellaneous, Antimony Sb Sb Miscellaneous, Barium Ba Ba Ba Ba Ba Ba Ba Ba Ba Miscellaneous, Calcium Ca Ca Ca Ca Ca Ca Ca Ca Ca Miscellaneous, Manganese
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
126 / Electrical Properties
Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Ω circular-mil/ft
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Miscellaneous, Manganese Mn
1.391 u
836.73 u,d
-73
-99.4
Mn Mn Mn Mn
1.39 u 1.43 u 1.43 u 1.430 u
836.13 u,d 860.19 u,d 860.19 u,d 860.19 u,d
-73 0 0 0
-99.4 32 32 32
Mn
1.477 u
888.46 u,d
127
260.6
Mn
1.501 u
902.90 u,d
227
440.6
Mn
1.521 u
914.93 u,d
327
620.6
Mn
1.536 u
923.95 u,d
427
800.6
Mn
1.461 u
878.84 u,d
77
171
2.990E-02 u 1.790E-02 u 0.0179 u 9.00E-03 u 0.00689 u 4.80E-03 u 1.17E-03 u 8.0E-06 u 0.0426 u 4.260E-02 u 0.0649 u 1.363 u 0.1718 u 2.014 u,F 3.138 u,F 5.753 u,F 0.2291 u 0.2958 u 0.3731 u 0.4620 u 0.5636 u 0.6794 u 0.9604 u
17.99 u,d 10.77 u,d 10.77 u,d 5.41 u,d 4.14 u,d 2.89 u,d 0.70 u,d 0.00 u,d 25.63 u,d 25.63 u,d 39.04 u,d 819.89 u,d 103.34 u,d 1211.48 u,d 1887.60 u,d 3460.60 u,d 137.81 u,d 177.93 u,d 224.43 u,d 277.91 u,d 339.02 u,d 408.68 u,d 577.71 u,d
-123 -173 -173 -213 -223 -233 -253 -272 -73 -73 0 1127 127 1327 1527 1727 227 327 427 527 627 727 927
-189.4 -279.4 -279.4 -351.4 -369.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 -99.4 32 2060.6 260.6 2420.6 2780.6 3140.6 440.6 620.6 800.6 980.6 1160.6 1340.6 1700
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
0.12 u 0.11 u 0.30 u 2.10 u 0.72 u 1.15 u 0.91 u
72.18 u,d 66.17 u,d 180.46 u,d 1263.21 u,d 433.10 u,d 691.76 u,d 547.39 u,d
-173 -250 -73 1000 127 200 227
-279.4 -418 -99.4 1832 260.6 392 440.6
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.96% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.96% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.96% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18
Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99% Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99% Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99% Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99% Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99% Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99% Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99%
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
Miscellaneous, Potassium K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K Miscellaneous, Scandium Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
Higher Resistivity Materials / 127
Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Ω circular-mil/ft
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Miscellaneous, Scandium Sc Sc Sc
1.09 u 1.24 u 1.70 u
655.67 u,d 745.90 u,d 1022.60 u,d
327 427 600
620.6 800.6 1112
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.96% pure
18 18 18
2.030E-02 u 0.01158 u 1.160E-02 u 4.47E-03 u 0.00300 u 1.72E-03 u 1.5E-05 u 9.0E-06 u 0.0289 u 0.0289 u 0.0433 u 0.7644 u 0.1050 u 1.351 u,F 1.844 u,F 0.1436 u 0.1856 u 0.2320 u 0.2838 u 0.3419 u 0.4073 u 0.5645 u
12.21 u,d 6.97 u,d 6.98 u,d 2.69 u,d 1.80 u,d 1.03 u,d 0.01 u,d 0.01 u,d 17.38 u,d 17.38 u,d 26.05 u,d 459.81 u,d 63.16 u,d 812.67 u,d 1109.22 u,d 86.38 u,d 111.64 u,d 139.56 u,d 170.71 u,d 205.66 u,d 245.00 u,d 339.56 u,d
-123 -173 -173 -213 -223 -233 -253 -272 -73 -73 0 1127 127 1527 1727 227 327 427 527 627 727 927
-189.4 -279.4 -279.4 -351.4 -369.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 -99.4 32 2060.6 260.6 2780.6 3140.6 440.6 620.6 800.6 980.6 1160.6 1340.6 1700
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
6.840E-02 u 4.580E-02 u 3.640E-02 u 0.17 u 2.680E-02 u 1.700E-02 u 9.20E-03 u 8.00E-03 u 9.040E-02 u 0.20 u 0.123 u 0.60 u 0.94 u
41.14 u,d 27.55 u,d 21.90 u,d 102.26 u,d 16.12 u,d 10.23 u,d 5.53 u,d 4.81 u,d 54.38 u,d 120.31 u,d 73.99 u,d 360.92 u,d 565.44 u,d
-123 -173 -193 -20 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 0 0 400 700
-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 32 32 752 1292
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
-273
-459.4
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
1127 127 127 1527 227
2060.6 260.6 260.6 2780.6 440.6
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18
Miscellaneous, Sodium Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Miscellaneous, Strontium Sr Sr Sr Sr Sr Sr Sr Sr Sr Sr Sr Sr Sr Miscellaneous, Technetium Tc Tc Tc Tc Tc Tc
approaching 0 u approaching 0 u,d 0.592 u 356.11 u,d 0.257 u 154.59 u,d 0.25 u 150.38 u,d 0.650 u 390.99 u,d 0.308 u 185.27 u,d
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
128 / Electrical Properties
Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Temperature oC oF
Ω circular-mil/ft
Notes
Reference
Miscellaneous, Technetium Tc Tc Tc Tc Tc Tc Tc Tc
0.355 u 0.398 u 0.440 u 0.439 u 0.476 u 0.510 u 0.560 u 0.564 u
213.54 u,d 239.41 u,d 264.67 u,d 264.07 u,d 286.33 u,d 306.78 u,d 336.86 u,d 339.26 u,d
327 427 527 527 627 727 927 927
620.6 800.6 980.6 980.6 1160.6 1340.6 1700 1700
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
Nickel, Magnetically Soft Nickel, Unclassified Magnetically Soft Nickel ASTM A753 Type 3 N14076 (N14076) ASTM A753 Type 4 N14080 (N14080)
0.69 t
6.9 t
727
1340.6 All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.) 1340.6 All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.)
73
0.78 t
7.8 t
727
0.670 d
403
1093
2000
61
0.500 d
301
204
400
61
0.530 d
319
316
600
61
0.560 d
337
427
800
61
0.580 d
349
538
1000
61
0.595 d
358
649
1200
61
0.610 d
367
760
1400
61
0.630 d
379
871
1600
61
0.465 d
280
93
200
61
0.650 d
391
982
1800
61
0.537 d 0.188 d 0.273 d 0.339 d 0.379 d 0.412 d 0.447 d 0.480 d 0.126 d 0.509 d
323 113 164 204 228 248 269 289 76 306
1093 204 316 427 538 649 760 871 93 982
2000 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 200 1800
Rod, bar, sheet, strip, pipe, tube, wire Rod, bar, sheet, strip, pipe, tube, wire Rod, bar, sheet, strip, pipe, tube, wire Rod, bar, sheet, strip, pipe, tube, wire Rod, bar, sheet, strip, pipe, tube, wire Rod, bar, sheet, strip, pipe, tube, wire Rod, bar, sheet, strip, pipe, tube, wire Rod, bar, sheet, strip, pipe, tube, wire Rod, bar, sheet, strip, pipe, tube, wire Rod, bar, sheet, strip, pipe, tube, wire
61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61
909.5 833.1 839.1 850 865.6
1093 204 316 427 538
2000 400 600 800 1000
Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy
61 61 61 61 61
73
Nickel, Nickel, Commercially Pure DURANICKEL Alloy 301-Aged (N03301) DURANICKEL Alloy 301-Aged (N03301) DURANICKEL Alloy 301-Aged (N03301) DURANICKEL Alloy 301-Aged (N03301) DURANICKEL Alloy 301-Aged (N03301) DURANICKEL Alloy 301-Aged (N03301) DURANICKEL Alloy 301-Aged (N03301) DURANICKEL Alloy 301-Aged (N03301) DURANICKEL Alloy 301-Aged (N03301) DURANICKEL Alloy 301-Aged (N03301) Nickel 200 (N02200) Nickel 200 (N02200) Nickel 200 (N02200) Nickel 200 (N02200) Nickel 200 (N02200) Nickel 200 (N02200) Nickel 200 (N02200) Nickel 200 (N02200) Nickel 200 (N02200) Nickel 200 (N02200)
Nickel, Nickel, Iron Chromium Aluminum INCOLOY Alloy MA956 (S67956) INCOLOY Alloy MA956 (S67956) INCOLOY Alloy MA956 (S67956) INCOLOY Alloy MA956 (S67956) INCOLOY Alloy MA956 (S67956)
1.512 d 1.385 d 1.395 d 1.413 d 1.439 d
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
Higher Resistivity Materials / 129
Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Ω circular-mil/ft
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Nickel, Nickel, Iron Chromium Aluminum INCOLOY Alloy MA956 (S67956) INCOLOY Alloy MA956 (S67956) INCOLOY Alloy MA956 (S67956) INCOLOY Alloy MA956 (S67956) INCOLOY Alloy MA956 (S67956)
1.462 d 1.485 d 1.496 d 1.380 d 1.506 d
879.5 893.3 899.9 830.1 905.9
649 760 871 93 982
1200 1400 1600 200 1800
Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy
61 61 61 61 61
0.906 d 1.150 d 1.184 d 1.195 d 1.217 d 1.17 d
545 692 712 719 732 704 u,d
31 538 649 732 816 100
87 1000 1200 1350 1500 212
Superalloy, precipitation-hardenable Superalloy, precipitation-hardenable Superalloy, precipitation-hardenable Superalloy, precipitation-hardenable Superalloy, precipitation-hardenable Superalloy
61 61 61 61 61 96
1.19 d
716 u,d
200
392
Superalloy
96
1.21 d
728 u,d
300
572
Superalloy
96
1.23 d
740 u,d
400
752
Superalloy
96
1.24 d
746 u,d
500
932
Superalloy
96
1.25 d
752 u,d
600
1112
Superalloy
96
1.212 1.223 1.241 1.250 1.251 1.259 1.251 1.259 1.261 1.267 1.268 1.272 1.285 1.290 1.245 1.258 1.265 1.273 1.296 1.290 1.269 1.237 1.265 1.181 d 1.209 d
729.1 d 735.7 d 746.5 d 751.9 d 752.5 d 757.3 d 752.5 d 757.3 d 758.5 d 762.1 d 762.7 d 765.1 d 773.0 d 776.0 d 748.9 d 756.7 d 760.9 d 765.7 d 779.6 d 776.0 d 763.3 d 744.1 d 760.9 d 710.4 727.1
129 192 309 369 400 446 493 578 635 704 777 831 929 994 204 316 427 538 649 760 871 93 982 204 316
265 378 588 697 752 835 920 1073 1175 1299 1430 1527 1704 1822 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 200 1800 400 600
Nickel, Nickel, Iron Nickel Chromium A286 (S66286) A286 (S66286) A286 (S66286) A286 (S66286) A286 (S66286) Hastelloy G-30-Solution strengthened (N06030) Hastelloy G-30-Solution strengthened (N06030) Hastelloy G-30-Solution strengthened (N06030) Hastelloy G-30-Solution strengthened (N06030) Hastelloy G-30-Solution strengthened (N06030) Hastelloy G-30-Solution strengthened (N06030) Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Chromium INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601) INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601) INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601) INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601) INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601) INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601) INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601) INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601) INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601) INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601) INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601) INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601) INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601) INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601) INCONEL alloy 686 INCONEL alloy 686 INCONEL alloy 686 INCONEL alloy 686 INCONEL alloy 686 INCONEL alloy 686 INCONEL alloy 686 INCONEL alloy 686 INCONEL alloy 686 INCONEL Alloy 725 (N07725) INCONEL Alloy 725 (N07725)
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61
130 / Electrical Properties
Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Ω circular-mil/ft
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Chromium INCONEL Alloy 725 (N07725) INCONEL Alloy 725 (N07725) INCONEL Alloy 725 (N07725) INCONEL Alloy 725 (N07725) INCONEL Alloy 725 (N07725) INCONEL Alloy 725 (N07725) INCONEL Alloy MA754 (N07754) INCONEL Alloy MA754 (N07754) INCONEL Alloy MA754 (N07754) INCONEL Alloy MA754 (N07754) INCONEL Alloy MA754 (N07754) INCONEL Alloy MA754 (N07754) INCONEL Alloy MA754 (N07754) INCONEL Alloy MA754 (N07754) INCONEL Alloy MA754 (N07754) INCONEL Alloy MA754 (N07754) INCONEL Alloy MA754 (N07754) INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONELAlloy 625 (N06625) INCONELAlloy 625 (N06625) INCONELAlloy 625 (N06625) INCONELAlloy 625 (N06625) INCONELAlloy 625 (N06625) INCONELAlloy 625 (N06625) INCONELAlloy 625 (N06625) INCONELAlloy 625 (N06625) INCONELAlloy 625 (N06625) INCONELAlloy 625 (N06625)
1.232 d 1.261 d 1.266 d 1.290 d 1.304 d 1.157 d 1.174 d 1.194 d 1.100 d 1.114 d 1.127 d 1.142 d 1.142 d 1.138 d 1.142 d 1.085 d 1.157 d 1.205 d 1.211 d 1.215 d 1.153 d 1.162 d 1.169 d 1.173 d 1.179 d 1.185 d 1.192 d 1.204 d 1.203 d 1.199 d 1.196 d 1.195 d 1.196 d 1.197 d 1.198 d 1.144 d 1.201 d 1.340 d 1.340 d 1.350 d 1.360 d 1.380 d 1.380 d 1.370 d 1.360 d 1.320 d 1.350 d
741.3 758.6 761.7 776.1 784.6 696.2 706.2 718.2 661.7 670.1 677.9 686.9 686.9 684.5 686.9 652.7 696 724.9 728.4 730.8 693.5 699 703 705.8 709.2 712.6 716.8 724.4 723.6 721.4 719.6 718.9 719.5 720.1 720.7 688.3 722.6 806 806 812 818 830 830 824 818 794 812
427 538 649 760 871 93 1093 1204 204 316 427 538 649 760 871 93 982 1038 1093 1149 149 204 260 316 371 427 482 538 593 649 704 760 816 871 927 93 982 1093 204 316 427 538 649 760 871 93 982
800 1000 1200 1400 1600 200 2000 2200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 200 1800 1900 2000 2100 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 200 1800 2000 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 200 1800
Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61
Higher Resistivity Materials / 131
Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Ω circular-mil/ft
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Cobalt MP35N MP35N MP35N MP35N MP35N MP35N MP35N MP35N
0.986 u 1.011 u 1.078 u 1.104 u 1.129 u 1.154 u 1.179 u 1.051 u
593.1 u,d 608.1 u,d 648.4 u,d 664.1 u,d 679.1 u,d 694.2 u,d 709.2 u,d 632.2 u,d
-184 -73 204 316 427 538 649 93
-300 -100 400 600 800 1000 1200 200
Ultra-high strength Ultra-high strength Ultra-high strength Ultra-high strength Ultra-high strength Ultra-high strength Ultra-high strength Ultra-high strength
66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66
4.0132 t,d 2.8702 t,d 3.1496 t,d 3.6068 t,d 3.4519 t,d 3.7109 t,d
2414.1 t,d 1726.5 t,d 1894.6 t,d 2169.6 t,d 2076.4 t,d 2232.2 t,d
871 800 800 800 982 982
1600 1472 1472 1472 1800 1800
Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy
56 56 56 56 56 56
2.210E-02 u 9.60E-03 u 0.98 u 5.45E-03 u 2.42E-03 u 6.8E-04 u 1.40E-04 u 3.2E-05 u 3.91 u 3.670E-02 u 0.0616 u 0.103 u 0.5237 u 0.1191 u 0.158 u 0.1795 u 0.225 u 0.2609 u 0.3202 u 0.3551 u 0.3874 u 0.4176 u 0.455 u 0.4729 u
13.29 u,d 5.77 u,d 589.50 u,d 3.28 u,d 1.46 u,d 0.41 u,d 0.08 u,d 0.02 u,d 2351.98 u,d 22.08 u,d 37.05 u,d 61.96 u,d 315.02 u,d 71.64 u,d 95.04 u,d 107.97 u,d 135.34 u,d 156.94 u,d 192.61 u,d 213.60 u,d 233.03 u,d 251.20 u,d 273.70 u,d 284.46 u,d
-123 -173 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 -73 0 100 1127 127 200 227 300 327 427 527 627 727 900 927
-189.4 -279.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 -99.4 32 212 2060.6 260.6 392 440.6 572 620.6 800.6 980.6 1160.6 1340.6 1652 1700
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
0.67 u 0.82 u 0.91 u 0.98 u 1.03 u 1.08 u
403.03 u,d 493.26 u,d 547.39 u,d 589.50 u,d 619.58 u,d 649.65 u,d
-73 127 227 327 427 527
-99.4 260.6 440.6 620.6 800.6 980.6
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18
Nickel, Nickel, Superalloy Alloy 713C NIMONIC Alloy 75 (N06075) NIMONIC Alloy 90 (N07090) NIMONIC Alloy 105 Udimet 500 (N07500) Udimet700 Nickel, Nickel, Unclassified Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Rare Earth, Cerium Ce Ce Ce Ce Ce Ce
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
132 / Electrical Properties
Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Ω circular-mil/ft
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Rare Earth, Cerium Ce
1.12 u
673.71 u,d
627
1160.6 Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
0.25 u 9.000E-02 u 0.50 u 0.72 u 0.79 u 0.890 u 1.270 u
150.38 u,d 54.14 u,d 300.77 u,d 433.10 u,d 475.21 u,d 535.36 u,d 763.94 u,d
-173 -260 -73 127 227 400 920
-279.4 -436 -99.4 260.6 440.6 752 1688
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 98% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 98% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity. 98% pure
18 18 18 18 18 18 18
0.19 u 0.71 u 0.88 u 0.42 u 0.64 u
114.29 u,d 427.09 u,d 529.35 u,d 252.64 u,d 384.98 u,d
0 1200 1700 400 800
32 2192 3092 752 1472
Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.1%pure Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.9% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.9% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.1% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.1% pure
18 18 18 18 18
2.136 c 0.868 c 2.196 c 1.042 c 1.224 c 1.278 c 1.53 c 1.666 c 1.79 c 2.00 c
1284.87 u,d 522.13 u,d 1320.96 u,d 626.79 u,d 736.27 u,d 768.76 u,d 920.34 u,d 1002.15 u,d 1076.74 u,d 1203.06 u,d
1127 127 1327 227 327 427 527 627 727 927
2060.6 260.6 2420.6 440.6 620.6 800.6 980.6 1160.6 1340.6 1700
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
5.10E-03 u 1.33E-03 u 7.5E-04 u 6.7E-04 u 3.67E-04 u 3.36E-04 u 3.32E-04 u 0.0129 u 0.0302 u 0.0530 u 0.1050 u 0.1110 u 0.2180 u 0.2600 u
3.07 u,d 0.80 u,d 0.45 u,d 0.40 u,d 0.22 u,d 0.20 u,d 0.20 u,d 7.76 u,d 18.17 u,d 31.88 u,d 63.16 u,d 66.77 u,d 131.13 u,d 156.40 u,d
-123 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 0 100 200 300 500 700
-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 32 212 392 572 932 1292
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
4.500E-02 u 5.00E-03 u 1.600E-02 u 0.118 u 0.077 u
27.07 u,d 3.00 u,d 9.62 u,d 70.98 u,d 46.32 u,d
-123 -173 -173 -23 -73
-189.4 -279.4 -279.4 -9.4 -99.4
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 94 18 18 18
Rare Earth, Lanthanum La La La La La La La Rare Earth, Thorium Th Th Th Th Th Rare Earth, Yttrium Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Refractory, Beryllium Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Refractory, Chromium Cr Cr Cr Cr Cr
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
Higher Resistivity Materials / 133
Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families µΩ
Alloy-temper (UNS number)
.m
Ω circular-mil/ft
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Refractory, Chromium Cr Cr Cr Cr Cr Cr
0.077 u 0.118 u 0.201 u 0.295 u 0.346 u 0.399 u
46.32 u,d 70.98 u,d 120.91 u,d 177.45 u,d 208.13 u,d 240.01 u,d
-73 0 227 427 527 627
-99.4 32 440.6 800.6 980.6 1160.6
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18
0.93
553
100
212
High temp corrosion res
66
0.986 1.154 1.179 1.051 1.104
593 694 709 632 664
-300 1000 1200 200 600
-184 1832 2192 392 1112
9.300E-02 u 0.321 u 0.0930 u 0.7740 u 0.871 u 0.9190 u 0.954 u 0.948 u 0.976 u 0.1388 u 0.1411 u 0.1978 u 0.1987 u 0.2656 u 0.2659 u 0.3205 u 0.4020 u 0.4037 u 0.4956 u 0.5860 u 0.6911 u
55.94 u,d 193.09 u,d 55.94 u,d 465.58 u,d 523.93 u,d 552.81 u,d 573.86 u,d 570.25 u,d 587.09 u,d 83.49 u,d 84.88 u,d 118.98 u,d 119.52 u,d 159.77 u,d 159.95 u,d 192.79 u,d 241.82 u,d 242.84 u,d 298.12 u,d 352.50 u,d 415.72 u,d
-173 -73 100 1000 1127 1200 127 1327 1427 200 227 300 327 400 427 527 600 627 727 800 927
-279.4 -99.4 212 1832 2060.6 2192 260.6 2420.6 2600.6 392 440.6 572 620.6 752 800.6 980.6 1112 1160.6 1340.6 1472 1700
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
0.1500 u 9.120E-02 u 6.750E-02 u 4.530E-02 u 2.520E-02 u 1.110E-02 u 1.00E-02 u 0.2100 u 0.2100 u 0.3040 u
90.23 u,d 54.86 u,d 40.60 u,d 27.25 u,d 15.16 u,d 6.68 u,d 6.02 u,d 126.32 u,d 126.32 u,d 182.87 u,d
-123 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 -73 0
-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 -99.4 32
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
Refractory, Cobalt, Cobalt Chromium Conicro 5010W (R30605) Refractory, Cobalt, Cobalt Nickel Carpenter MP35N (R30035) Carpenter MP35N (R30035) Carpenter MP35N (R30035) Carpenter MP35N (R30035) Carpenter MP35N (R30035)
66 66 66 66 66
Refractory, Cobalt, Commercially Pure Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Refractory, Halfnium Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
134 / Electrical Properties
Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families µΩ . m
Alloy-temper (UNS number)
Ω circular-mil/ft
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Refractory, Halfnium Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf
0.465 u 1.580 u 0.4810 u 1.660 u 1.690 u 1.620 u 1.580 u 0.603 u 0.6310 u 0.7708 u 0.844 u 0.8961 u 1.0190 u 1.1390 u 1.253 u 1.448 u
279.71 u,d 950.42 u,d 289.34 u,d 998.54 u,d 1016.59 u,d 974.48 u,d 950.42 u,d 362.72 u,d 379.57 u,d 463.66 u,d 507.69 u,d 539.03 u,d 612.96 u,d 685.14 u,d 753.72 u,d 871.02 u,d
100 1127 127 1327 1527 1727 1927 200 227 327 400 427 527 627 727 927
212 2060.6 260.6 2420.6 2780.6 3140.6 3500.6 392 440.6 620.6 752 800.6 980.6 1160.6 1340.6 1700
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
1.990E-02 u 8.58E-03 u 2.06E-03 u 4.57E-04 u 2.61E-05 u 7.0E-06 u 0.0313 u 0.0485 u 0.076 u 0.31 u 0.46 u 0.176 u
11.97 u,d 5.16 u,d 1.24 u,d 0.27 u,d 0.02 u,d 0.00 u,d 18.83 u,d 29.17 u,d 45.72 u,d 186.47 u,d 276.70 u,d 105.87 u,d
-123 -173 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 0 100 1000 1500 500
-189.4 -279.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 32 212 1832 2732 932
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
0.548 u 0.883 u 0.713 u 0.250 u 0.366 u 0.481 u 0.597 u
330.0 u,d 531.2 u,d 428.89 u,d 150.38 u,d 220.16 u,d 289.34 u,d 359.11 u,d
1027 2027 1000 200 400 600 800
1881 3681 1832 392 752 1112 1472
Unalloyed Unalloyed Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
66 66 18 18 18 18 18
0.254 u 0.250 u 0.805 u 0.812 u 0.255 u 0.870 u 0.877 u 0.930 u 0.94 u
152.79 u,d 150.38 u,d 484.23 u,d 488.44 u,d 153.39 u,d 523.33 u,d 527.54 u,d 559.42 u,d 565.44 u,d
100 100 1100 1127 127 1300 1327 1500 1527
212 212 2012 2060.6 260.6 2372 2420.6 2732 2780.6
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
Refractory, Molybdenum, Unclassified Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Refractory, Niobium Cabot Columbium Cabot Columbium Nb Nb Nb Nb Nb Refractory, Rhenium Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
Higher Resistivity Materials / 135
Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Ω circular-mil/ft
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Refractory, Rhenium Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re
0.985 u 1.00 u 1.030 u 1.04 u 1.065 u 1.08 u 0.334 u 1.090 u 1.11 u 1.320 u 1.15 u 1.18 u 0.400 u 0.41 u 0.482 u 0.526 u 0.547 u 0.60 u 0.630 u 0.66 u 0.725 u 0.747 u
592.51 u,d 601.53 u,d 619.58 u,d 625.59 u,d 640.63 u,d 649.65 u,d 200.91 u,d 655.67 u,d 667.70 u,d 794.02 u,d 691.76 u,d 709.81 u,d 240.61 u,d 246.63 u,d 289.94 u,d 316.41 u,d 329.04 u,d 360.92 u,d 378.96 u,d 397.01 u,d 436.11 u,d 449.34 u,d
1700 1727 1900 1927 2100 2127 227 2300 2327 2500 2527 2727 300 327 427 500 527 627 700 727 900 927
3092 3140.6 3452 3500.6 3812 3860.6 440.6 4172 4220.6 4532 4580.6 4940.6 572 620.6 800.6 932 980.6 1160.6 1292 1340.6 1652 1700
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
6.190E-02 u 3.640E-02 u 2.620E-02 u 1.650E-02 u 7.51E-03 u 1.46E-03 u 1.02E-03 u 0.0876 u 0.0866 u 0.1220 u 0.173 u 0.588 u 0.180 u 0.656 u 0.710 u 0.729 u 0.795 u 0.860 u 0.922 u 0.225 u 0.983 u 1.020 u 1.041 u 1.099 u 1.155 u
37.23 u,d 21.90 u,d 15.76 u,d 9.93 u,d 4.52 u,d 0.88 u,d 0.61 u,d 52.69 u,d 52.09 u,d 73.39 u,d 104.06 u,d 353.70 u,d 108.28 u,d 394.60 u,d 427.09 u,d 438.52 u,d 478.22 u,d 517.32 u,d 554.61 u,d 135.34 u,d 591.30 u,d 613.56 u,d 626.19 u,d 661.08 u,d 694.77 u,d
-123 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -263 -73 -73 0 100 1127 127 1327 1500 1527 1727 1927 2127 227 2327 2500 2527 2727 2927
-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -441 -99.4 -99.4 32 212 2060.6 260.6 2420.6 2732 2780.6 3140.6 3500.6 3860.6 440.6 4220.6 4532 4580.6 4940.6 5300.6
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
Refractory, Tantalum Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
136 / Electrical Properties
Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Ω circular-mil/ft
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Refractory, Tantalum Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta
0.269 u 0.312 u 0.350 u 0.353 u 0.395 u 0.435 u 0.513 u
161.81 u,d 187.68 u,d 210.54 u,d 212.34 u,d 237.60 u,d 261.67 u,d 308.59 u,d
327 427 500 527 627 727 927
620.6 800.6 932 980.6 1160.6 1340.6 1700
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18
2.090E-02 u 1.020E-02 u 2.66E-03 u 5.44E-04 u 1.96E-05 u 1.6E-07 u 0.0318 u 0.0319 u 0.0482 u 0.073 u 0.330 u 0.369 u 0.0784 u 0.435 u 0.502 u 0.571 u 0.640 u 0.650 u 0.710 u 0.103 u 0.781 u 0.853 u 0.926 u 1.00 u 1.000 u 1.07 u 0.129 u 1.15 u 0.156 u 0.180 u 0.185 u 0.214 u 0.244 u 0.305 u
12.57 u,d 6.14 u,d 1.60 u,d 0.33 u,d 0.01 u,d 0.00 u,d 19.13 u,d 19.19 u,d 28.99 u,d 43.91 u,d 198.51 u,d 221.96 u,d 47.16 u,d 261.67 u,d 301.97 u,d 343.47 u,d 384.98 u,d 390.99 u,d 427.09 u,d 61.96 u,d 469.80 u,d 513.11 u,d 557.02 u,d 601.53 u,d 601.53 u,d 643.64 u,d 77.60 u,d 691.76 u,d 93.84 u,d 108.28 u,d 111.28 u,d 128.73 u,d 146.77 u,d 183.47 u,d
-123 -173 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 -73 0 100 1000 1127 127 1327 1527 1727 1927 2000 2127 227 2327 2527 2727 2927 3000 3127 327 3327 427 500 527 627 727 927
-189.4 -279.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 -99.4 32 212 1832 2060.6 260.6 2420.6 2780.6 3140.6 3500.6 3632 3860.6 440.6 4220.6 4580.6 4940.6 5300.6 5432 5660.6 620.6 6020.6 800.6 932 980.6 1160.6 1340.6 1700
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
8.200E-02 u 4.010E-02 u 2.410E-02 u 1.110E-02 u 3.04E-03 u
49.33 u,d 24.12 u,d 14.50 u,d 6.68 u,d 1.83 u,d
-123 -173 -193 -213 -233
-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18
Refractory, Tungsten, Unclassified W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W Refractory, Vanadium V V V V V
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
Higher Resistivity Materials / 137
Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Ω circular-mil/ft
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Refractory, Vanadium V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V
3.90E-04 u 1.45E-04 u 0.124 u 0.127 u 0.181 u 0.315 u 0.821 u 0.271 u 0.911 u 0.999 u 1.088 u,F 1.133 u,F 0.338 u 0.401 u 0.461 u 0.519 u 0.574 u 0.627 u 0.727 u
0.23 u,d 0.09 u,d 74.59 u,d 76.39 u,d 108.88 u,d 189.48 u,d 493.86 u,d 163.01 u,d 547.99 u,d 600.93 u,d 654.47 u,d 681.53 u,d 203.32 u,d 241.21 u,d 277.31 u,d 312.19 u,d 345.28 u,d 377.16 u,d 437.31 u,d
-253 -263 -73 -73 0 100 1127 127 1327 1527 1727 1827 227 327 427 527 627 727 927
-423.4 -441 -99.4 -99.4 32 212 2060.6 260.6 2420.6 2780.6 3140.6 3320.6 440.6 620.6 800.6 980.6 1160.6 1340.6 1700
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
0.17800 u 9.790E-02 u 6.640E-02 u 0.10 u 3.750E-02 u 1.440E-02 u 3.57E-03 u 2.50E-03 u 0.26300 u 0.268 u 0.38800 u 1.14 u 0.602 u 1.22 u 1.18 u 1.26 u 1.23 u 1.27 u 0.763 u 0.912 u 1.02 u 1.03 u 1.13 u 1.21 u 1.26 u 1.14 u 1.10 u
107.07 u,d 58.89 u,d 39.94 u,d 60.15 u,d 22.56 u,d 8.66 u,d 2.15 u,d 1.50 u,d 158.20 u,d 161.21 u,d 233.39 u,d 685.74 u,d 362.12 u,d 733.87 u,d 709.81 u,d 757.93 u,d 739.88 u,d 763.94 u,d 458.97 u,d 548.60 u,d 613.56 u,d 619.58 u,d 679.73 u,d 727.85 u,d 757.93 u,d 685.74 u,d 661.68 u,d
-123 -173 -193 -200 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 -73 0 1127 127 1300 1327 1500 1527 1727 227 327 400 427 527 627 727 900 927
-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -328 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 -99.4 32 2060.6 260.6 2372 2420.6 2732 2780.6 3140.6 440.6 620.6 752 800.6 980.6 1160.6 1340.6 1652 1700
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.9% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.9% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.9% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.9% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.9% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
Refractory, Zirconium Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
138 / Electrical Properties
Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Ω circular-mil/ft
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Steel, Alloy, Chromium 5132# (G51320) 5132# (G51320) 5132# (G51320) 5132# (G51320) 5132# (G51320) 5132# (G51320) 5132# (G51320) 5132# (G51320) 5132# (G51320) 5132# (G51320) 5132# (G51320) 5140# (G51400) 5140# (G51400) 5140# (G51400) 5140# (G51400)
0.259 u 1.177 u 1.205 u 1.230 u 1.251 u 0.330 u 0.517 u 0.778 u 0.934 u 1.106 u 1.145 u 0.281 u 0.352 u 0.530 u 0.785 u
155.8 u,d 708.0 u,d 724.8 u,d 739.9 u,d 753 u,d 198.5 u,d 311.0 u,d 468.0 u,d 561.8 u,d 665.3 u,d 688.8 u,d 169 u,d 211.7 u,d 318.8 u,d 472.2 u,d
100 1000 1100 1200 1300 200 400 600 700 800 900 100 200 400 600
212 1832 2012 2192 2372 392 752 1112 1292 1472 1652 212 392 752 1112
Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI
65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
0.271 u 1.171 u 1.222 u 0.342 u 0.529 u 0.786 u 1.103 u 0.263 u 0.326 u 0.475 u 0.646 u
163.0 u,d 704.4 u,d 735.1 u,d 205.7 u,d 318 u,d 472.8 u,d 663.5 u,d 158.2 u,d 196.1 u,d 285.7 u,d 388.6 u,d
100 1000 1200 200 400 600 800 100 200 400 600
212 1832 2192 392 752 1112 1472 212 392 752 1112
Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI
65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
1.310 d 1.092 d 1.134 d 1.170 d 1.200 d 1.240 d 1.260 d 1.280 d 1.031 d 1.290 d
788 657 682 704 722 746 758 770 620 776
1093 204 316 427 538 649 760 871 93 982
2000 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 200 1800
Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy
61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61
0.298 u 0.367 u 0.552 u 0.797 u
179.3 u,d 220.8 u,d 332.0 u,d 479.4 u,d
100 200 400 600
212 392 752 1112
Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI
65 65 65 65
0.259 u 1.174 u 1.202 u
155.8 u,d 706.2 u,d 723.0 u,d
100 1000 1100
212 1832 2012
Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI
65 65 65
Steel, Alloy, Chromium Molybdenum 4130# (G41300) 4130# (G41300) 4130# (G41300) 4130# (G41300) 4130# (G41300) 4130# (G41300) 4130# (G41300) 4140# (G41400) 4140# (G41400) 4140# (G41400) 4140# (G41400) Steel, Alloy, Nickel INCOLOY alloy 800 (N08800) INCOLOY alloy 800 (N08800) INCOLOY alloy 800 (N08800) INCOLOY alloy 800 (N08800) INCOLOY alloy 800 (N08800) INCOLOY alloy 800 (N08800) INCOLOY alloy 800 (N08800) INCOLOY alloy 800 (N08800) INCOLOY alloy 800 (N08800) INCOLOY alloy 800 (N08800)
Steel, Alloy, Nickel Chromium Molybdenum 4340# (G43400) 4340# (G43400) 4340# (G43400) 4340# (G43400) Steel, Carbon Steel, High-Manganese 1524# (G1524) 1524# (G1524) 1524# (G1524)
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
Higher Resistivity Materials / 139
Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Ω circular-mil/ft
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Steel, Carbon Steel, High-Manganese 1524# (G1524) 1524# (G1524) 1524# (G1524) 1524# (G1524) 1524# (G1524) 1524# (G1524) 1524# (G1524) 1524# (G1524)
1.227 u 1.250 u 0.333 u 0.523 u 0.786 u 0.946 u 1.103 u 1.143 u
738.1 u,d 751.9 u,d 200.3 u,d 314.6 u,d 472.8 u,d 569.0 u,d 663.5 u,d 687.5 u,d
1200 1300 200 400 600 700 800 900
2192 2372 392 752 1112 1292 1472 1652
Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI
65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
0.178 u 1.160 u 1.189 u 1.216 u 1.241 u 0.252 u 0.448 u 0.725 u 0.898 u 1.073 u 1.124 u 0.190 u 1.165 u 1.193 u 1.220 u 1.244 u 0.263 u 0.458 u 0.734 u 0.905 u 1.081 u 1.130 u 0.219 u 1.167 u 1.194 u 1.219 u 1.239 u 0.292 u 0.487 u 0.758 u 0.925 u 1.094 u 1.136 u 0.221 u 1.179 u 1.207 u 1.230 u 0.296 u 0.493 u
107.1 u,d 697.8 u,d 715.2 u,d 731.5 u,d 746.5 u,d 151.6 u,d 269.5 u,d 436.1 u,d 540.2 u,d 645.4 u,d 676.1 u,d 114.3 u,d 700.8 u,d 717.6 u,d 733.9 u,d 748.3 u,d 158.2 u,d 275.5 u,d 441.5 u,d 544.4 u,d 650.3 u,d 679.7 u,d 131.7 u,d 702.0 u,d 718.2 u,d 733.3 u,d 745.3 u,d 175.6 u,d 292.9 u,d 456.0 u,d 556.4 u,d 658.1 u,d 683.3 u,d 132.9 u,d 709.2 u,d 726.0 u,d 739.9 u,d 178.1 u,d 296.6 u,d
100 1000 1100 1200 1300 200 400 600 700 800 900 100 1000 1100 1200 1300 200 400 600 700 800 900 100 1000 1100 1200 1300 200 400 600 700 800 900 100 1000 1100 1200 200 400
212 1832 2012 2192 2372 392 752 1112 1292 1472 1652 212 1832 2012 2192 2372 392 752 1112 1292 1472 1652 212 1832 2012 2192 2372 392 752 1112 1292 1472 1652 212 1832 2012 2192 392 752
Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI
65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
Steel, Carbon Steel, Nonresulfurized 1008# (0.06C) (G10080) 1008# (0.06C) (G10080) 1008# (0.06C) (G10080) 1008# (0.06C) (G10080) 1008# (0.06C) (G10080) 1008# (0.06C) (G10080) 1008# (0.06C) (G10080) 1008# (0.06C) (G10080) 1008# (0.06C) (G10080) 1008# (0.06C) (G10080) 1008# (0.06C) (G10080) 1008#(0.07C) (G10080) 1008#(0.07C) (G10080) 1008#(0.07C) (G10080) 1008#(0.07C) (G10080) 1008#(0.07C) (G10080) 1008#(0.07C) (G10080) 1008#(0.07C) (G10080) 1008#(0.07C) (G10080) 1008#(0.07C) (G10080) 1008#(0.07C) (G10080) 1008#(0.07C) (G10080) 1025# (G10250) 1025# (G10250) 1025# (G10250) 1025# (G10250) 1025# (G10250) 1025# (G10250) 1025# (G10250) 1025# (G10250) 1025# (G10250) 1025# (G10250) 1025# (G10250) 1042# (G10420) 1042# (G10420) 1042# (G10420) 1042# (G10420) 1042# (G10420) 1042# (G10420)
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
140 / Electrical Properties
Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ . m
Ω circular-mil/ft
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Steel, Carbon Steel, Nonresulfurized 1042# (G10420) 1042# (G10420) 1042# (G10420) 1042# (G10420) 1078# (G10780) 1078# (G10780) 1078# (G10780) 1078# (G10780) 1078# (G10780) 1078# (G10780) 1078# (G10780) 1078# (G10780) 1078# (G10780) 1078# (G10780) 1078# (G10780)
0.766 u 0.932 u 1.111 u 1.149 u 0.232 u 1.191 u 1.214 u 1.231 u 1.246 u 0.308 u 0.505 u 0.722 u 0.935 u 1.129 u 1.164 u
460.8 u,d 560.6 u,d 668.3 u,d 691.2 u,d 139.6 u,d 716.4 u,d 730.3 u,d 740.5 u,d 749.5 u,d 185.3 u,d 303.8 u,d 434.3 u,d 562.4 u,d 679.1 u,d 700.2 u,d
600 700 800 900 100 1000 1100 1200 1300 200 400 600 700 800 900
1112 1292 1472 1652 212 1832 2012 2192 2372 392 752 1112 1292 1472 1652
0.78 u 0.86 u 1.00 u 1.11 u 1.21 u 1.26 u 2.7686 t,d 0.86 u 0.95 u 1.02 u 1.08 u 1.14 u 2.8956 t,d 1.18 u 1.25 u 0.78 u 2.9464 t,d 3.1496 t,d 2.7940 t,d 0.87 u 0.93 u 0.99 u 1.04 u 1.10 u 0.79 u 2.9718 t,d 2.8194 t,d 1.1887 t,d
469 u,d 516 u,d 602 u,d 668 u,d 727 u,d 758 u,d 1665.4 t,d 517 u,d 571 u,d 614 u,d 650 u,d 686 u,d 1741.8 t,d 710 u,d 752 u,d 469 u,d 1772.3 t,d 1894.6 t,d 1680.7 t,d 523 u,d 559 u,d 596 u,d 626 u,d 662 u,d 475 u,d 1787.6 t,d 1696.0 t,d 715.1 t,d
100 200 400 600 800 900 649 204 316 427 538 649 649 760 871 93 649 649 649 204 316 427 538 649 93 649 649 649
212 392 752 1112 1472 1652 1200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1200 1400 1600 200 1200 1200 1200 400 600 800 1000 1200 200 1200 1200 1200
0.8788 t,d
528.6 t,d
399
750
Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI
65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
Steel, Wrought Stainless, Austenitic 301-Annealed (S30100) 301-Annealed (S30100) 301-Annealed (S30100) 301-Annealed (S30100) 301-Annealed (S30100) 301-Annealed (S30100) 302 (S30200) 304 (S30400) 304 (S30400) 304 (S30400) 304 (S30400) 304 (S30400) 304 (S30400) 304 (S30400) 304 (S30400) 304 (S30400) 309S (S30909) 310 (S31000) 316 (S31600) 316-Annealed (S31600) 316-Annealed (S31600) 316-Annealed (S31600) 316-Annealed (S31600) 316-Annealed (S31600) 316-Annealed (S31600) 321 (S32100) 347 (S34700) A286 (S66286)
Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy
64 64 64 64 64 64 56 64 64 64 64 64 56 64 64 64 56 56 56 64 64 64 64 64 64 56 56 56
Superalloy
56
Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy
Steel, Wrought Stainless, Martensitic 410 (S41000)
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
Higher Resistivity Materials / 141
Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Ω circular-mil/ft
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Titanium, Titanium, Alpha 5Al2.5Sn 8Al1Mo1V Ti5Al2.5Sn (R54520) Ti5Al2.5Sn (R54520) Ti5Al2.5Sn (R54520) Ti679
4.6482 t,d 5.1054 t,d 1.707 u 1.860 u 1.885 u 4.6990 t,d
2796.0 t,d 3071.1 t,d 1026.8 u 1118.8 u 1133.8 u 2826.6 t,d
427 427 200 540 760 427
800 800 392 1000 1400 800
Superalloy Superalloy
4.3688 t,d 4.7498 t,d 4.6482 t,d 3.5560 t,d 4.5720 t,d 1.675 u 1.469 u 1.501 u 1.610 u 1.563 u 1.331 u 1.366 u 1.490 u
2628.0 t,d 2857.1 t,d 2796.0 t,d 2139.0 t,d 2750.2 t,d 1007.5 u 883.65 u 902.90 u 968.46 u 940.19 u 800.64 u 821.69 u 896.28 u
427 427 427 427 427 0 292.81 348.91 465.6 0 292.81 348.91 465.6
800 800 800 800 800 32 559.1 660.0 870.1 32 559.1 660.0 870.1
Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy
1.55 t 1.60 t
932 t 962 t
250 540
482 1000
0.20 u 0.46 u 0.70 u 0.83 u 0.88 u 0.88 u 0.98 u 1.14 u 1.19 u 1.19 u 1.27 u 1.40 u 1.52 u 1.52 u 1.50 u 1.60 u 1.65 u 1.65 u 1.74 u
120.31 u,d 276.70 u,d 421.07 u,d 499.27 u,d 529.35 u,d 529.35 u,d 589.50 u,d 685.74 u,d 715.82 u,d 715.82 u,d 763.94 u,d 842.14 u,d 914.33 u,d 914.33 u,d 902.30 u,d 962.45 u,d 992.53 u,d 992.53 u,d 1046.66 u,d
-173 -73 100 127 200 200 227 327 400 400 427 527 600 600 627 727 800 800 927
-279.4 -99.4 212 260.6 392 392 440.6 620.6 752 752 800.6 980.6 1112 1112 1160.6 1340.6 1472 1472 1700
Pure metal, R depends on purity. Pure Pure metal, R depends on purity. Pure Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. Pure Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.74% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity. Pure Pure metal, R depends on purity. Pure Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.74% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity. Pure Pure metal, R depends on purity. Pure Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.74% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. Pure Pure metal, R depends on purity. Pure Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.74% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. Pure
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
2.710E-02 u 2.200E-02 u 1.600E-02 u
16.30 u,d 13.23 u,d 9.62 u,d
-123 -160 -173
-189.4 -256 -279.4
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18
Superalloy
56 56 63 63 63 56
Titanium, Titanium, Alpha Beta 4Al4Mn 6Al4V 7Al4Mo 8Mn Ti155a Ti6Al4V-Annealed (R56400) Ti6Al4V-Annealed (R56400) Ti6Al4V-Annealed (R56400) Ti6Al4V-Annealed (R56400) Ti6Al4V ELI-Annealed (R56401) Ti6Al4V ELI-Annealed (R56401) Ti6Al4V ELI-Annealed (R56401) Ti6Al4V ELI-Annealed (R56401)
56 56 56 56 56 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63
Titanium, Titanium, Beta Ti15-3 Ti15-3
63 63
Titanium, Titanium, Unclassified Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Zinc, Miscellaneous Zn Zn Zn
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
142 / Electrical Properties
Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ
.m
Ω circular-mil/ft
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Zinc, Miscellaneous Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn
1.150E-02 u 7.15E-03 u 3.06E-03 u 3.87E-04 u 1.00E-04 u 3.830E-02 u 0.0546 u 0.0780 u 0.08 u 0.079 u 0.084 u 0.110 u 0.10 u 0.130 u 0.12 u 0.165 u 0.18 u 0.108 u
6.92 u,d 4.30 u,d 1.84 u,d 0.23 u,d 0.06 u,d 23.04 u,d 32.84 u,d 46.92 u,d 48.12 u,d 47.52 u,d 50.53 u,d 66.17 u,d 60.15 u,d 78.20 u,d 72.18 u,d 99.25 u,d 108.28 u,d 64.97 u,d
-193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 0 100 100 100 200 200 200 300 300 400 400 500
-315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 32 212 212 212 392 392 392 572 572 752 752 932
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
Higher Resistivity Materials / 143
Table 3.4 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number) Actinide, Uranium U
oC -1
0.0034 u
oF -1
0.00189 u,t
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
Aluminum, Wrought, 1xxx Commercially Pure Aluminum Al (99.996%) 0.004290 t 0.002383 t,d
20
68
Resistance alloy
91
Copper, Miscellaneous, Instrument and Control 83Cu13Mn4Ni(manganin) +/-15E-06 t
+/-8E-06 t,d
15 to 35
59 to 81
Resistance alloy
91
85Cu10Mn4Ni(shunt manganin)
+/-10E-06 t
+/-6E-06 t,d
40 to 60
104 to 140
Resistance alloy
91
87Cu13Mn(manganin)
+/-15E-06 t
+/-8E-06 t,d
15 to 35
59 to 81
Resistance alloy
91
+/-39E-06 t,d
-55 to 105
-67 to 221
Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy
91
Copper, Miscellaneous, Thermocouple 53Cu44Ni3Mn(constantan) +/-70E-06 t 55Cu45Ni(constantan)
+/-40E-06 t
+/-22E-06 t,d
-55 to 105
-67 to 221
Resistance alloy
91
57Cu43Ni(constantan)
+/-20E-06 t
+/-11E-06 t,d
25 to 105
77 to 221
Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy
91
78Cu22Ni
0.000180 t
0.000100 t,d
25 to 105
77 to 221
Resistance alloy
91
89Cu11Ni
0.000450 t
0.000250 t,d
25 to 105
77 to 221
Resistance alloy
91
94Cu6Ni
0.000700 t
0.000389 t,d
25 to 105
77 to 221
Resistance alloy
91
98Cu2Ni
0.001400 t
0.000778 t,d
25 to 105
77 to 221
Resistance alloy
91
Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper Cu(99.99) 0.004270 t
0.002372 t,d
0 to 50
32 to 122
Resistance alloy
91
Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Zinc Zirconium ZK51A (M16510) 0.00258 u,d 0.00143 u,d
20
68
Casting
84
Magnesium, Wrought, Magnesium Thorium Manganese HM31A-F (M13312) 0.00273 u,d 0.00152 u,d
20
68
Extruded
84
Magnesium, Wrought, Unclassified Mg
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Low Expansion, Iron Nickel Chromium 35Ni20Cr43.5Fe1.5Si 0.000400 t 0.000222 t,d 25 to 105
77 to 221
Resistance alloy
91
Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Unclassified Fe 0.0065 u
0.00425 u
0.00236 u,t
0.00361 u,t
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
0.005000 t
0.002778 t,d
20
68
Resistance alloy
91
Miscellaneous, Antimony Sb
0.0051 u
0.00283 u,t
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
Miscellaneous, Calcium Ca
0.00457 u
0.00254 u,t
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
Miscellaneous, Sodium Na
0.0055 u
0.00306 u,t
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
Miscellaneous, Thallium Tl
0.0052 u
0.00289 u,t
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
Fe(99.94)
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
144 / Electrical Properties
Table 3.4 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
oC -1
oF -1
Nickel, Electrical Resistance Nickel, Nickel Chromium 37Ni21Cr40Fe2Si 0.000300 t 0.000167 t,d
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
20 to 100
68 to 212
Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy
91
60Ni16Cr22.5Fe1.5Si
0.000150 t
83E-06 t,d
25 to 105
77 to 221
Resistance alloy
91
68.5Ni30Cr1.5Si
90E-06 t
50E-06 t,d
25 to 105
77 to 221
Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy
91
72Ni20Cr3Al5Mn
+/-20E-06 t
+/-11E-06 t,d
-55 to 105
-67 to 221
Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy
91
78.5Ni20Cr1.5Si(80-20)
80E-06 t
44E-06 t,d
25 to 105
77 to 221
Resistance alloy
91
0 to 930
All shapes, used for tape recorder heads
57
Nickel, Magnetically Soft Nickel, Unclassified Magnetically Soft Nickel Carpenter Wear Resistant HyMu 800A 0.0011 t 0.0006 t -17.8 to 499 Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Chromium 71Ni29Fe
0.004300 t
0.002389 t,d
25 to 105
77 to 221
Resistance alloy
91
75Ni20Cr3Al+Cu or Fe
+/-20E-06 t
+/-11E-06 t,d
-55 to 105
-67 to 221
Resistance alloy
91
76Ni17Cr4Si3Mn
+/-20E-06 t
+/-11E-06 t,d
-55 to 105
-67 to 221
Resistance alloy
91
0.0011 t
0.0006 t
-17.8 to 499
0 to 930
All shapes
57
Carpenter HyMu "800"
0.0011 t
0.0006 t
-17.8 to 499
0 to 930
All shapes
57
Carpenter HyRa "80"
0.0011 t
0.0006 t
-20 to 500
0 to 930
All shapes
57
Carpenter Vacumet HyMu "800" Alloy 0.0011 t
0.0006 t
-18 to 500
0 to 930
All shapes
57
0.006000 t
0.003333 t,d
20 to 35
68 to 81
Resistance alloy
91
Noble, Gold, Commercially Pure Gold Au(99.999+) 0.004000 t
0.002222 t,d
0 to 100
32 to 212
Resistance alloy
91
Noble, Platinum, Unclassified Pt(99.99+)
0.003920 t
0.002178 t,d
0 to 100
32 to 212
Resistance alloy
91
Noble, Silver, Unclassified Ag(99.99)
0.004100 t
0.002278 t,d
20
68
Resistance alloy
91
Refractory, Beryllium Be
0.0090 u
0.00500 u,d
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
Refractory, Chromium Cr
0.00214 u
0.00119 u,d
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Molybdenum Carpenter HyMu "80" Alloy
Nickel, Nickel, Unclassified Ni(99.8)
Refractory, Cobalt, Commercially Pure Co 0.0066 u
0.00367 u,d
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
Co
0.0068 u
0.00378 u,d
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
Co
0.101 u,d
0.056 u,d
RT
RT
Pure metal, R depends on purity
83
0.0044 u
0.00244 u,d
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
Refractory, Halfnium Hf
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
Higher Resistivity Materials / 145
Table 3.4 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)
oC -1
Refractory, Molybdenum, Unclassified Mo 0.0044 u
oF -1
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
0.00244 u,d
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
0.003300 t
0.001833 t,d
20
68
Resistance alloy
91
0.00395 u
0.00219 u,t
0 to 600
32 to 1112
Unalloyed
66
0.0026 u
0.00144 u,d
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
Refractory, Rhenium Re
0.0045 u
0.00250 u,d
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
Refractory, Tantalum Ta
0.0035 u
0.00194 u,d
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
0.003820 t
0.002122 t,d
0 to 100
32 to 212
Resistance alloy
91
0.0048 u
0.00267 u,d
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
0.004500 t
0.002500 t,d
20
68
Resistance alloy
91
Refractory, Vanadium V
0.0039 u
0.00217 u,d
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
Refractory, Zirconium Zr
0.0044 u
0.00244 u,d
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
Steel, Alloy, Chromium 81Fe15Cr4Al
+/-50E-06 t
+/-28E-06 t,d
25 to 105
77 to 221
Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy
91
0.00126 t
0.0007 t
0 to 100
32 to 212
All shapes
57
Carpenter Temperature Compensator "32" (Type 2, 3, and 4)
0.00126 t
0.0007 t
0 to 100
32 to 212
All shapes
57
Carpenter "49" Alloy (K94840)
0.0036 t
0.002 t
-17.8 to 499
0 to 930
All shapes
57
11E-06 t,d
25 to 105
77 to 221
Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy
91
Mo(99.9) Refractory, Niobium Cabot Columbium Nb
Ta(99.96) Refractory, Tungsten, Unclassified W W(99.9)
Steel, Alloy, Nickel Carpenter Temperature Compensator "32" (Type 1)
Steel, Wrought Stainless, Unclassified 72.5Fe22Cr5.5Al 20E-06 t 73.5Fe22Cr4.55Al
60E-06 t
33E-06 t,d
25 to 105
77 to 221
Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy
91
73Fe22Cr5Al
40E-06 t
22E-06 t,d
25 to 105
77 to 221
Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy
91
Titanium, Titanium, Unclassified Ti
0.0038 u
0.00211 u,d
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
Zinc, Miscellaneous Zn
0.0042 u
0.00233 u,t
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
ASM Ready Reference Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Charles Moosbrugger, editor, p146-155 DOI: 10.1361/empm2000p146
Copyright © 2000 ASM International® All rights reserved. www.asminternational.org
Chapter 4
Solders and Fusible Links SOLDERS AND FUSIBLE LINK MATERIALS share the combination of a relatively low melting point along with moderately high conductivity. By definition, soldering is the process of joining metals by heating them to a suitable temperature below the solidus temperature of the base metals with a filler metal having a liquidus temperature below 450 °C (840 °F). When base metals are joined with filler metals with liquidus above 450 °C (840 °F) but below the solidus of the base metals, the process is defined as brazing (Ref 1). Other definitions relevant to these materials are as follows:
• Liquidus: The lowest temperature at which a metal is completely liquid.
• Melting point: For metals, the melting point is the temperature at which a pure metal,
compound, or eutectic alloy changes from a liquid to a solid. Melting range: The range of temperature for alloys other than pure metals, compounds, or eutectic alloys at which they change from a solid to a liquid, thus between the solidus and liquidus temperatures. Solidus: The highest temperature at which the metal is completely solid. In these tables, the solidus, liquidus, and melting points are given as appropriate, along with conductivity and resistivity. When the material is a pure metal, compound, or eutectic alloy, the solidus temperature is equal to the liquidus temperature.
must be given to other circuit elements in proximity to the process that may be susceptible to the temperature rise. A fusible link could be any circuit element designed to melt or vaporize under a specified overcurrent condition with the intent of protecting other circuit elements. This process can be achieved by a reduction in cross-sectional area of the conductor as well as by materials selection. Fusible metal alloys also can be employed in applications such as fire sprinklers.
Conductors and other circuit elements can be joined by soldering, brazing, and other more general welding processes. Due consideration
1. J.R. Davis, ASM Materials Engineering Dictionary, ASM International, 1992, p 48, 431
•
•
REFERENCES
Solders and Fusible Links / 147
Table 4.1 Volume Conductivity of Solders and Fusible LInks Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
4.50 u
20
Notes
Solidus oC oF
Liquidus oC oF
Melting point oC oF Reference
Low Melting, Bismuth Indalloy #117
2.61 u,d
68
Indalloy #136
1.41 u,d
2.43 u
20
68
Indalloy #158
2.32 u,d
4.00 u
20
68
Indalloy #255
2.32 u,d
4.00 u
20
68
Indalloy #281
2.61 u,d
4.50 u
20
68
47 u
117 u
58 u
136 u
70 u
158 u
124 u
255 u
138 u
281 u
60 u
140 u
118 u
244 u
143 u
290 u
60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Low Melting, Indium Indalloy #19
1.91 u,d
3.30 u
20
68
Indalloy #1E
6.79 u,d
11.70 u
20
68
Indalloy #2
7.54 u,d
13.00 u
20
68 149 u
Indalloy #204
5.10 u,d
8.80 u
20
4.06 u,d
7.00 u
154 u
309 u
175 u
347 u
181 u
358 u
68 165 u
Indalloy #205
300 u
20
329 u
68 173 u
Indalloy #290
13.34 u,d
23.00 u
20
68
Indalloy #3
12.82 u,d
22.10 u
20
68 143 u
Indalloy #4
13.92 u,d
24.00 u
20
68
Indalloy #7
3.48 u,d
6.00 u
20
68 184 u
343 u
289 u 237 u
459 u
157 u
314 u
210 u
410 u
363 u
60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Low melting, Lead, Lead Indium 50Pb50In
3.0 t,d
5.1 t
20
68 RT RT
Indalloy #10
2.67 u,d
4.60 u
20
Solder Solder Solder
180 t
2.61 u,d
4.50 u
20
3.19 u,d
5.50 u
20
3.02 u,d
5.20 u
20
260 u
500 u
275 u
527 u
310 u
590 u
464 u
500 u
68 300 u
Indalloy #206
410 t
68 260 u
Indalloy #164
210 t
68 240 u
Indalloy #150
355 t
572 u
68
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
19 19 19 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
148 / Electrical Properties
Table 4.1 Volume Conductivity of Solders and Fusible LInks Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Solidus oC oF
Liquidus oC oF
Melting point oC oF Reference
Low melting, Lead, Lead Indium Indalloy #206
197 u
387 u 231 u
60 60
448 u
Low Melting, Lead, Tin Lead 10Sn90Pb Indalloy #151
4.8 u,d 4.99 u,d
8.2 u 8.60 u
20 20
68 68
Solder 287 u
Indalloy #159
5.16 u,d
8.90 u
20
5.10 u,d
8.80 u
20
4.93 u,d
8.50 u
296 u
565 u
302 u
576 u
312 u
594 u
299 u
570 u
527 u
68 308 u
Indalloy #228
549 u
68 275 u
Indalloy #171
21 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
20
586 u
68 267 u
513 u
Low Melting, Lead, Unclassified Indalloy #165
3.48 u,d
6.00 u
20
68 309 u
588 u
60 60
Low Melting, Mercury Hg
20
68
20
68
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
-38.87 u -37.97 u,d
18
-38.87 u -37.97 u,d
93
Low Melting, Tin, Commercially Pure Tin 100Sn0Pb
1.4 t,d
2.4 t
20
68 RT
59 59
300 t
572 t
327 t
621 t
240 u
464 u
255 u
491 u
21 59 60 60 60 60 60 60
369 u
60 60 60
420 u
21 21 59 21
Low Melting, Tin, Tin Antimony 95Sn5Sb 97Sn3Sb Indalloy #133
6.9 u,d
11.9 u
20
68
Solder
RT 6.90 u,d
11.90 u
20
68 235 u
Indalloy #233
3.48 u,d
6.00 u
20
455 u
68 245 u
473 u
Low Melting, Tin, Tin Indium Indalloy #227
5.68 u,d
9.80 u
20
68 175 u
347 u 187 u
Low Melting, Tin, Tin Lead 50Sn50Pb
6.3 u,d
10.9 u
20
68 RT RT RT
Solder Solder Solder
183 u 183 t
360 u 361 t 216 u
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
Solders and Fusible Links / 149
Table 4.1 Volume Conductivity of Solders and Fusible LInks Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
11.5 u
20
Notes
Solidus oC oF
Liquidus oC oF
Melting point oC oF Reference
Low Melting, Tin, Tin Lead 50Sn50Pb 60Sn40Pb
RT 6.7 u,d
68 RT RT RT RT
62Sn36Pb2Ag
8.1 t,d
14.0 t
20
68 RT RT RT RT RT
63Sn37Pb
6.7 t,d
11.5 t
20
68 RT RT RT RT RT
95Sn5 Pb 97.5Pb2.5Ag Indalloy #106(Sn63)
1.7 t,d
2.9 t
20
Solder Solder
Solder Solder Solder Solder Solder Solder Solder Solder
183 u 183 t
177 u 180 t
183 t 183 t
11.50 u
7.08 u,d
12.20 u
6.90 u,d
11.90 u
367 t 370 u
221 t 185 t 189 u
430 t 365 t 370 u
183 t 191 t
360 t 376 t
179 t
355 t
183 u
361 u
167 u
333 u
360 t 361 t 183 t
360 t
179 u
354 u
68
20
68
20
361 u
68 154 u
Indalloy #Sn62
186 t 188 u 350 u 355 t
Solder Solder
183 u Indalloy #9
372 t
360 u 361 t
RT 6.67 u,d
189 t
20
309 u
68
59 21 21 59 59 21 19 21 19 59 19 21 19 19 59 19 19 59 59 59 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Low melting, Tin, Tin Silver 95Sn5Ag
7.3 t,d
12.6 t
20
68 RT RT RT RT
96.5Sn3.5Ag
8.1 u,d
14 u
20
Solder
68 RT RT RT RT RT
Indalloy #121
9.28 u,d
16.00 u
20
Solder 185 t 221 t
365 t 430 t
Solder Solder Solder Solder
232 t 221 u
243 t 245 t
470 t 475 t
240 t 221 u
464 t 430 u
450 t 430 u
Solder
221 u
430 u
221 u
430 u
68
19 59 19 59 19 21 59 21 21 59 21 60 60
Low Melting, Tin, Tin Zinc 60Sn40Zn
RT RT
250 t
482 t 264 t
508 t
59 59
Low Melting, Tin, Unclassified Sn
9.0 u,d
15.6 u
20
68
Solder
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
21
150 / Electrical Properties
Table 4.1 Volume Conductivity of Solders and Fusible LInks Alloy-temper (UNS number)
10
6
S/m
% IACS
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Solidus oC oF
Liquidus oC oF
Melting point oC oF Reference
Low Melting, Tin, Unclassified Sn
RT RT RT
Solder Solder Solder
232 u
450 u 232 u
232 u
450 u
199 u
390 u
450 u
21 21 21
Low Melting, Tin, Zinc Indalloy #201
8.70 u,d
15.00 u
20
68
60 60
Noble, Gold, Solder 80Au20Sn
2.8 t,d
4.8 t
20
68 RT RT RT
88Au12Ge
3.5 t,d
6.0 t
20
68 RT RT RT
Solder Solder Solder Solder Solder Solder Solder Solder
280 t
356 t
535 t 280 t
535 t
356 t
675 t
280 t
535 t
356 t
675 t
675 t
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19
Solders and Fusible Links / 151
Table 4.2 Volume Resistivity of Solders and Fusible LInks Alloy-temper (UNS number) µ Ω
.m
Ω circular-mil/ft
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Solidus oC oF
Liquidus oC oF
Melting point oC oF Reference
Low Melting, Bismuth Bi
1.190 u
715.82 u,d
20
68
1.15 u
691.76 u,d
25
77
1.17 u
703.79 u,d
20
68
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18
Indalloy #117 Indalloy #136 Indalloy #158 Indalloy #255 Indalloy #281
47 u 58 u 70 u 124 u 138 u
117 u 136 u 158 u 255 u 281 u
60 60 60 60 60
Low Melting, Cadmium Cd
0.0660 u
39.70 u,d
25
77
0.0757 u
45.54 u,d
20
68
0.0730 u
43.91 u,d
20
68
0.2104 u
126.56 u,d
27
80.6
0.2100 u
126.32 u,d
25
77
0.2000 u
120.31 u,d
20
68
0.1365 u
82.11 u,d
25
77
0.1370 u
82.41 u,d
20
68
0.0880 u
52.93 u,d
20
68
0.0800 u
48.12 u,d
25
77
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18
Low Melting, Cesium Cs
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
18 18
Low Melting, Gallium Ga
18
Low Melting, Indium In
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18
Indalloy #19 Indalloy #1E Indalloy #2
149 u 300 u
Indalloy #204
165 u 329 u
Indalloy #205
173 u 343 u
Indalloy #290 Indalloy #3 Indalloy #4 Indalloy #7
154 u
309 u
175 u
347 u
181 u
358 u
60 u 118 u
140 u 244 u
143 u
290 u
143 u 289 u 237 u 157 u
459 u 314 u
210 u
410 u
184 u 363 u
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
152 / Electrical Properties
Table 4.2 Volume Resistivity of Solders and Fusible LInks Alloy-temper (UNS number)
µΩ . m
Ω circular-mil/ft
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Solidus oC oF
Liquidus oC oF
Melting point oC oF Reference
Low melting, Lead, Lead Indium 50Pb50In
RT RT
Solder Solder
180 t 355 t
Indalloy #10
240 u 464 u
Indalloy #150
260 u 500 u
Indalloy #164
300 u 572 u
Indalloy #206
197 u 387 u
210 t
410 t
260 u
500 u
275 u
527 u
310 u
590 u
231 u
448 u
296 u
565 u
302 u
576 u
312 u
594 u
299 u
570 u
19 19 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Low Melting, Lead, Tin Lead Indalloy #151
60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
287 u 549 u
Indalloy #159
275 u 527 u
Indalloy #171
308 u 586 u
Indalloy #228
267 u 513 u
Low Melting, Lead, Unclassified Indalloy #165 Pb
309 u 0.211 u
126.92 u,d
25
77
0.193 u
116.10 u,d
25
77
0.206 u
123.92 u,d
20
68
0.213 u
128.13 u,d
27
80.6
0.0929 u
55.88 u,d
20
68
0.0955 u
57.45 u,d
25
77
0.0955 u
57.45 u,d
27
80.6
0.958 u
576.3 u,d
20
68
0.959 u
576.9 u,d
20
68
20
68
20
68
588 u
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
60 18 18 18 18
Low Melting, Lithium Li
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
18 18 18
Low Melting, Mercury Hg
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
93 18 -38.87 u -37.97 u,d
18
-38.87 u -37.97 u,d
93
Low Melting, Rubidium Rb
0.1210 u
72.79 u,d
20
68
0.1332 u
80.12 u,d
27
80.6
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
18 18
Solders and Fusible Links / 153
Table 4.2 Volume Resistivity of Solders and Fusible LInks Alloy-temper (UNS number) µ Ω
.m
Ω circular-mil/ft
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Solidus oC oF
Liquidus oC oF
Melting point oC oF Reference
Low Melting, Rubidium Rb
0.1330 u
80.00 u,d
25
77
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
Low Melting, Tin, Commercially Pure Tin 100Sn0Pb
RT
300 t
572 t
59
327 t
621 t
240 u
464 u
255 u
491 u
59 60 60 60 60
187 u
369 u
60 60
Low Melting, Tin, Tin Antimony 97Sn3Sb Indalloy #133
RT 235 u 455 u
Indalloy #233
245 u 473 u
Low Melting, Tin, Tin Indium Indalloy #227
175 u 347 u
Low Melting, Tin, Tin Lead 50Sn50Pb
60Sn40Pb
62Sn36Pb2Ag
63Sn37Pb
97.5Pb2.5Ag Indalloy #106(Sn63)
RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT
Solder Solder
Solder Solder Solder Solder Solder Solder
Solder Solder Solder
183 t 361 t 183 u 360 u 216 u 189 t
420 u 372 t
188 u 186 t
370 u 367 t
189 u 185 t 221 t
370 u 365 t 430 t
183 t 191 t 179 t
360 t 376 t 355 t
183 u
361 u
167 u
333 u
183 t 361 t 183 u 360 u
177 u 350 u 180 t 355 t
183 t 361 t 183 t 360 t 183 t
360 t
179 u
354 u
183 u 361 u
Indalloy #9
154 u 309 u
Indalloy #Sn62
59 21 21 59 59 21 21 59 21 19 21 19 59 59 19 19 19 59 59 60 60 60 60 60
Low melting, Tin, Tin Silver 95Sn5Ag
96.5Sn3.5Ag
RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT
Solder
221 t 430 t 185 t 365 t
Solder Solder Solder
243 t 245 t
470 t 475 t
240 t
464 t
232 t 450 t 221 u 430 u 221 u
430 u
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
19 59 59 19 59 21 21 59
154 / Electrical Properties
Table 4.2 Volume Resistivity of Solders and Fusible LInks Alloy-temper (UNS number) µ Ω
.m
Ω circular-mil/ft
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Solidus oC oF
Liquidus oC oF
Melting point oC oF Reference
Low melting, Tin, Tin Silver 96.5Sn3.5Ag Indalloy #121
RT
221 u
Solder
430 u 221 u
430 u
21 60
Low Melting, Tin, Tin Zinc 60Sn40Zn
RT RT
59 59
250 t 482 t 264 t
508 t
Low Melting, Tin, Unclassified Sn
0.126 u
75.79 u,d
20
68
0.1010 u
60.75 u,d
25
77
0.1260 u
75.79 u,d
20
68 RT RT RT
Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Solder 232 u 450 u Solder 232 u Solder
18 18 18
232 u
450 u
21 21 21
199 u
390 u
60
280 t
535 t
356 t
675 t
450 u
Low Melting, Tin, Zinc Indalloy #201 Noble, Gold, Solder 80Au20Sn
88Au12Ge
RT RT RT RT RT RT
Solder Solder Solder Solder Solder Solder
280 t 535 t 280 t
535 t
356 t 675 t 356 t
675 t
RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.
19 19 19 19 19 19
Solders and Fusible Links / 155
Table 4.3 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of Solders and Fusible Links Alloy-temper (UNS number)
oC -1
oF -1
Temperature oC oF
Notes
Reference
Low Melting, Bismuth Bi
0.0046 u
0.00256
0 to 100
32 to 212
Pure metal, R depends on purity
18
Low Melting, Cadmium Cd
0.00
