Asm Ready Reference Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals

© 2000 ASM International. All Rights Reserved. ASM Ready Reference: Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Data Book (#06333G)

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ASM Ready Reference

Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Prepared under the direction of the ASM International Materials Properties Database Committee Charles Moosbrugger, Technical Editor Fran Cverna, Manager, Center for Materials Data

ASM International® Materials Park, Ohio 44073-0002 www.asminternational.org

© 2000 ASM International. All Rights Reserved. ASM Ready Reference: Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Data Book (#06333G)

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Copyright  2000 by ASM International® All rights reserved

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the written permission of the copyright owner.

First printing, December 2000

Great care is taken in the compilation and production of this book, but it should be made clear that NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE GIVEN IN CONNECTION WITH THIS PUBLICATION. Although this information is believed to be accurate by ASM, ASM cannot guarantee that favorable results will be obtained from the use of this publication alone. This publication is intended for use by persons having technical skill, at their sole discretion and risk. Since the conditions of product or material use are outside of ASM’s control, ASM assumes no liability or obligation in connection with any use of this information. No claim of any kind, whether as to products or information in this publication, and whether or not based on negligence, shall be greater in amount than the purchase price of this product or publication in respect of which damages are claimed. THE REMEDY HEREBY PROVIDED SHALL BE THE EXCLUSIVE AND SOLE REMEDY OF BUYER, AND IN NO EVENT SHALL EITHER PARTY BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WHETHER OR NOT CAUSED BY OR RESULTING FROM THE NEGLIGENCE OF SUCH PARTY. As with any material, evaluation of the material under end-use conditions prior to specification is essential. Therefore, specific testing under actual conditions is recommended. Nothing contained in this book shall be construed as a grant of any right of manufacture, sale, use, or reproduction, in connection with any method, process, apparatus, product, composition, or system, whether or not covered by letters patent, copyright, or trademark, and nothing contained in this book shall be construed as a defense against any alleged infringement of letters patent, copyright, or trademark, or as a defense against liability for such infringement. Comments, criticisms, and suggestions are invited, and should be forwarded to ASM International.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data ASM ready reference electrical and magnetic properties of metals / prepared under the direction of the ASM International Materials Properties Database Committee; ASM International staff, Charles Moosbrugger, technical editor; Fran Cverna, manager, Center for Material Data. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Metals—Electric properties. 2. Metals—Magnetic properties. I. Title: Electrical and magnetic properties of metals. II. ASM International. Materials Properties Database Committee. TA459.A79 2000 620.1’697—dc21 00-046881

ISBN: 0-87170-690-3 SAN: 204-7586

ASM International® Materials Park, OH 44073-0002 www.asminternational.org

Printed in the United States of America

© 2000 ASM International. All Rights Reserved. ASM Ready Reference: Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Data Book (#06333G)

Contributors and Reviewers J. Gilbert Kaufman Kaufman Associates, Ltd.

Paul J. Sikorsky The Trane Company

Stephen R. Crosby Stanley Tools

Howard W. Sizek Special Metals Corporation

ASM International Materials Properties Database Committee, 2000–2001 Bruce E. Boardman, Chair Deere & Company

Barry Hindin Battelle Memorial Institute

Paul J. Sikorsky, Vice Chair The Trane Company

Gorden Lippa North Star Casteel

J. Gilbert Kaufman, Past Chair Kaufman Associates, Ltd.

Guiri L. Nash Electromotive Division General Motors Corporation

Samir K. Banerji Caterpillar, Inc.

Charles A. Parker Honeywell Aircraft Landing Systems

David L. Bourell University of Texas at Austin

Howard W. Sizek Special Metals Corporation

Steven A. Bradley UOP

Jason M. Smith University of Kentucky

Bryan R. Cope American Spring Wire Corporation

John E. Smugeresky Sandia National Laboratories

Stephen R. Crosby Stanley Tools

Gary A. Volk Illinois Central College

Earl (Bob) Eaton GM Powertrain General Motors Corporation

Jack H. Westbrook Brookline Technologie

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Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

Table 6.2 Table 6.3 Table 6.4

Materials Groups in Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Part 1

Electrical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Part 2

Chapter 1 Introduction to Electrical Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Chapter 2 High Conductivity Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Table 2.3a Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Aluminum Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Table 2.3b Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Copper Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Table 2.4 Weight Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Table 2.5 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of High Conductivity Material Families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Table 2.6 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of High Conductivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Table 2.7 Relative Resistivity at Extreme Temperatures of High Conductivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Chapter 3 Higher Resistivity Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Table 3.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Table 3.4 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of Higher Resistivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Chapter 4 Solders and Fusible Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Table 4.1 Volume Conductivity of Solders and Fusible Links . 147 Table 4.2 Volume Resistivity of Solders and Fusible Links. . . 150 Table 4.3 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of Solders and Fusible Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Chapter 5 Contact Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Table 5.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Contact Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Table 5.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Contact Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Table 5.3 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of Contact Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Chapter 6 Superconductivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Table 6.1 Volume Resistivity at Low and Superconducting Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Critical Temperature for Superconductors . . . . . . . . 186 Critical Fields of Superconductors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Critical Current Density for Superconductors . . . . . 190

Magnetic Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Chapter 7 Introduction to Magnetic Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Chapter 8 Magnetically Soft Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 Table 8.1 Relative Permeability (µr) of Magnetically Soft Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Table 8.2 Coercive Force (Hc) of Magnetically Soft Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Table 8.3 Peak Induction (Bm, Bmax) Magnetically Soft Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Table 8.4 Residual Induction (Br) Magnetically Soft Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Table 8.5 Curie Temperature (Tc) of Magnetically Soft Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Table 8.6 Core Loss (Pc) of Magnetically Soft Materials Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Table 8.7 Hysteresis Loss (Wh) of Magnetically Soft Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Chapter 9 Magnetically Hard Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Table 9.1 Coercive Force (Hc) of Magnetically Hard Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Table 9.2 Peak Induction (Bm, Bmax) of Magnetically Hard Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Table 9.3 Residual Induction (Br) of Magnetically Hard Materials Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 Table 9.4 Curie Temperature (Tc) of Magnetically Hard Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Table 9.5 Energy Product (BdHd) of Magnetically Hard Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 Chapter 10 Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Materials . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Table 10.1 Relative Permeability (µr) of Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 Table 10.2 Susceptibility (κ) of Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Table 10.3 Mass Susceptibility (χ) of Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Part 3

Appendix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

Table A.1 Material Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 Table A.2 Abbreviations Used in Qualifiers and Notes . . . . . . 280 Table A.3 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 Table A.4 Sizes of round wire in the American Gauge (AWG) system and the properties of solid annealed copper wire (ASTM B 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

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Preface because there is no documented quality control process in place. It is, therefore, not listed on each record. If the value was derived from the information given in the source, such as conductivity is derived from resistivity, or if units were converted, a “d” follows the value. Unit conversions that are merely a change in the value by a power of 10 are not labeled as derived. Values without the “d” are those most directly attributable to the source. A value can be established by definition or by specification. There is still latitude as to how strictly the standard controls the material. It may be a mandatory or nonmandatory requirement, or one that is at the mutual consent of the buyer and seller.

This book is designed to serve the needs of the engineering and technical communities for high-quality and comprehensive information regarding specific electrical and magnetic properties of metals. In 1997, the ASM International Materials Properties Database Committee sponsored and reviewed the ASM Ready Reference: Properties & Units for Engineering Alloys. The Committee recognized the need for consistency and equivalency when integrating materials properties data from multiple sources into printed or electronic reference publications. This second book in the Ready Reference series applies the principles of the first book to selected electrical and magnetic properties of metals. The materials are sorted by a common materials hierarchy, and their property values are given in a consistent system of International Standard (SI) and customary units. The quality of the data and source of the data also are listed to enable the user to assess the data. The book chapters are broad categories of materials application: conductors, higher-resistance materials, permanent magnet materials, and so on. Materials properties significant to a specific application are listed in each chapter. Each chapter begins with a brief explanation of the related properties, derivation, and conversion of the units used within, along with a discussion of other units that the reader may encounter. We trust this will be of benefit to the reader already familiar with the basics of electricity and magnetism. We do not attempt to present a textbook on electricity and magnetism in these brief introductions but seek to clarify possibly confusing terminology. The chapters naturally lend themselves to a division according to materials groups as well. Materials commonly used for the application are found in the appropriate chapter. The data tables in each chapter have the materials sorted by the material hierarchy. The complete hierarchy for materials found in this book is given in Table A.1 of the Appendix. The Materials Groups in Tables, which follows, lists the materials groups found in each chapter. As with the classification systems for materials in general use, the hierarchy is predominantly based on composition, but there are subdivisions that are application based.

• The parameter for which the value is valid is listed: Some properties •

Limitations on the Use and Interpretation of Data This book is intended to provide the materials engineer, scientist, or other specialist with a comparative listing of materials and their magnetic and electrical properties, to aid in the materials selection process. Just as most of the sources listed bear the caveat “not for design,” the compilation of this data requires the same warning. Great effort has been expended to ensure that the source material has been faithfully duplicated, but ASM International has no formal program whereby the validity of the data can be ensured. The source references allow further investigation by the reader. It is the reader’s responsibility to take the prudent engineering and quality assurance steps necessary to ensure that any material selected meets the design requirements.

Significant Figures

Data Format

Individual sources have listed values to varied significant figures in the same data sets. The significant figures in values with trailing zeros (50,000), cannot be determined without more information. ASTM standards list sufficient decimal places to improve the accuracy of conversion and reconversion of the data. They stress that this does not imply the need to test the material to an accuracy beyond what the specification or the referenced test specification demands. For this reason, although the value has been listed to the same number of significant figures as the original when no derivation was required, no comparison should be made as to the precision of the values based on the significant figures shown. Values shown as “derived” have at least as many significant figures as the original source. Because the conversion calculations were done in mass, significant figures were added to some values to ensure that all had sufficient significant figures to preserve the original accuracy.

Data entries include the following:

• Material name: Trade name, generic alloy, element, or description as assigned by a standards organization

• Temper: As stated • UNS number: If assigned • Property values in the preferred (SI) and alternate (customary) units:

•

have multiple parameters, such as magnetic properties having both field strength and frequency. Notes: May include product forms, sizes, or processing information for which the value applies. Common uses of the alloy may be listed.

The units used are those designated in ASM Ready Reference: Properties & Units for Engineering Alloys. SI is the International System of Units (modernized metric system). The customary units are either English (lb, in.) units, or cgs-emu (gauss, oersted), depending which is the most prevalent alternative to the International Standard. Qualifier for the value: This is the qualifier as stated in the source of the data, such as typical, nominal, or maximum. The most often used abbreviations are listed on the bottom of the page. The complete list is given in Table A.2 in the Appendix.

Availability of Materials Because it is often useful to have a source of data for historical materials, obsolete materials and materials listed by former trade names are included in the alloy field. No attempt was made to verify the commercial availability of materials. If a source has identified a

Often, the source document will list the data as “not for design, for information only.” “Not for design” is applicable to all values listed v

© 2000 ASM International. All Rights Reserved. ASM Ready Reference: Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Data Book (#06333G)

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be a dynamic creation, under constant revision. We at ASM International, who have the dissemination of materials information at the core of our vision statement, would ask that qualified parties contribute material data to the Society for the betterment of the technical community. Your suggestions, corrections, and comments are also welcome. They can be directed to the addresses found on the title page.

designation as “obsolete,” this has been noted (Woldman’s Engineering Alloys, 9th ed., ASM International, 2000, offers this information).

Call for Future Action Gil Kaufman, committee member, stated that the lack of comprehensive sources of accurate data that make this book valuable makes compiling the data for the book difficult. A material database must

Charles Moosbrugger August 2000

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Materials Groups in Tables Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Table 2.4 Weight Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Cast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Sintered Powder Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Cast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Welding filler copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Palladium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Thermostat Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Unclassified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Unclassified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Table 2.5 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of High Conductivity Material Families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Iridium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Osmium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Palladium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Rhodium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Ruthenium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Cast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Cast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Iridium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Osmium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Palladium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Rhodium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Ruthenium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Thermostat Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Unclassified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Unclassified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Table 2.6 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of High Conductivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Table 2.3a Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Aluminum Material Families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Palladium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Table 2.3b Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Copper Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Table 3.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Cast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Iridium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Osmium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Palladium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Rhodium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Ruthenium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Table 2.7 Relative Resistivity at Extreme Temperatures of High Conductivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

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© 2000 ASM International. All Rights Reserved. ASM Ready Reference: Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Data Book (#06333G) Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Magnesium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Cast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Low Expansion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Magnetically Soft Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Permanent Magnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Unclassified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Electrical Resistance Nickel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Magnetically Soft Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Niobium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Rhenium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Tantalum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Tungsten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Alloy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Carbon Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Cast Stainless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Wrought Stainless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Unclassified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Zinc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Cast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Actinide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Plutonium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Uranium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Carbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Graphite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Cast Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Ductile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Gray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Ceramic Permanent Magnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Lanthanide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Dysprosium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Erbium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Europium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Gadolinium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Holmium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Lutetium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Neodymium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Praseodymium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Samarium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Terbium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Thulium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Ytterbium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Magnesium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Cast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Low Expansion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Magnetically Soft Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Permanent Magnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Unclassified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

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Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Antimony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Barium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Calcium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Manganese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Potassium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Scandium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Sodium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Strontium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Technetium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Thallium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Electrical Resistance Nickel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Magnetically Soft Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Miscellaneous Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Rare Earth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Cerium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Lanthanum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Thorium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Yttrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Beryllium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Chromium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Halfnium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Niobium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Rhenium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Tantalum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Tungsten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Vanadium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Zirconium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Silicon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Carbide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Alloy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Carbon Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Cast Stainless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Wrought Stainless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Unclassified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Zinc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Cast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Actinide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Neptunium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Plutonium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Uranium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Lanthanide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Dysprosium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Erbium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Europium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Holmium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Lutetium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Neodymium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Praseodymium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Samarium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Terbium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 viii

© 2000 ASM International. All Rights Reserved. ASM Ready Reference: Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Data Book (#06333G)

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Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Beryllium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Chromium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Halfnium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Niobium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Rhenium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Tantalum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Tungsten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Vanadium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Zirconium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Alloy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Wrought Stainless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Zinc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Thulium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Magnesium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Magnetically Soft Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Unclassified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Antimony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Barium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Calcium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Manganese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Potassium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Scandium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Sodium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Strontium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Technetium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Magnetically Soft Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Rare Earth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Cerium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Lanthanum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Thorium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Yttrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Beryllium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Chromium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Halfnium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Niobium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Rhenium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Tantalum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Tungsten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Vanadium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Zirconium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Alloy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Carbon Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Wrought Stainless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Zinc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Table 4.1 Volume Conductivity of Solders and Fusible Links. . . . 147 Low melting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Bismuth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Indium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Lead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Mercury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Table 4.2 Volume Resistivity of Solders and Fusible Links . . . . . 151 Low Melting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Bismuth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Cadmium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Cesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Gallium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Indium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Lead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Lithium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Mercury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Rubidium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

Table 3.4 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of Higher Resistivity Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Actinide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Uranium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Magnesium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Cast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Low Expansion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Unclassified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Antimony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Calcium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Sodium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Thallium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Electrical Resistance Nickel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Magnetically Soft Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Table 4.3 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of Solders and Fusible Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Low Melting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Bismuth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Cadmium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Cesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Indium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Lead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Lithium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Rubidium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Table 5.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Contact Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Cast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 ix

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Table 6.1 Volume Resistivity at Low and Superconducting Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Palladium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Tantalum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Tungsten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Low Melting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Cesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Lithium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Rubidium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Magnesium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Barium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Calcium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Manganese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Potassium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Sodium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Strontium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Palladium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Rare Earth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Cerium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Lanthanum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Thorium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Beryllium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Chromium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Halfnium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Tantalum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Tungsten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Vanadium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Zirconium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Zinc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Table 5.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Contact Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Cast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Iridium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Osmium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Palladium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Rhodium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Ruthenium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Beryllium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Chromium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Halfnium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Niobium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Rhenium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Tantalum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Tungsten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Vanadium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Zirconium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Table 5.3 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of Contact Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Table 6.2 Critical Temperature for Superconductors . . . . . . . . . 186

Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Iridium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Osmium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Palladium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Rhodium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Ruthenium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Beryllium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Chromium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Halfnium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Niobium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Rhenium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Tantalum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Tungsten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Vanadium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Zirconium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Actinide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Protactinium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Uranium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Lanthanide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Lutetium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Low Melting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Bismuth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Cadmium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Gallium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Indium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Lead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Mercury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Antimony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Arsenic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Barium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Germanium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Phosphorus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Technetium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 x

© 2000 ASM International. All Rights Reserved. ASM Ready Reference: Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Data Book (#06333G)

www.asminternational.org

Magnetically Soft Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Alloy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Carbon Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Wrought Stainless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Thallium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Iridium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Osmium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Ruthenium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Rare Earth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Lanthanum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Thorium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Yttrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Beryllium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Halfnium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Niobium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Rehenium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Tantalum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Tungsten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Vanadium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Zirconium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Zinc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Table 8.3 Peak Induction (Bm, B max) Magnetically Soft Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Magnetically Soft Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Alloy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Wrought Stainless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Table 8.4 Residual Induction (Br) of Magnetically Soft Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Magnetically Soft Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Unclassified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Magnetically Soft Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Tungsten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Alloy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Carbon Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Wrought Stainless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Table 6.3 Critical Fields of Superconductors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Low Melting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Lead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Rare Earth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Yttrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Niobium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Vanadium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Table 6.4 Critical Current Density for Superconductors. . . . . . . 190 Low Melting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Lead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Rare Earth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Yttrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Niobium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Table 8.5 Curie Temperature (Tc) of Magnetically Soft Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

Table 8.1 Relative Permeability (µr) of Magnetically Soft Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Low Expansion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Magnetically Soft Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Permanent Magnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Unclassified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Magnetically Soft Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Miscellaneous Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Alloy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Wrought Stainless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Cast Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Magnetically Soft Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Unclassified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Magnetically Soft Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Alloy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Carbon Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Cast Stainless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Wrought Stainless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

Table 8.6 Core Loss (Pc) of Magnetically Soft Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Magnetically Soft Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Magnetically Soft Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Table 8.2 Coercive Force (Hc) of Magnetically Soft Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Cast Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Magnetically Soft Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Unclassified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

Table 8.7 Hysteresis Loss (Wh) of Magnetically Soft Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Magnetically Soft Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 xi

© 2000 ASM International. All Rights Reserved. ASM Ready Reference: Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Data Book (#06333G)

www.asminternational.org

Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 Cast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Magnetically Soft Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Wrought Stainless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266

Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Table 9.1 Coercive Force (Hc) of Magnetically Hard Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Cast Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Ceramic Permanent Magnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Permanent Magnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Tungsten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Table 10.2 Susceptibility (κ) Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Cast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Lanthanide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Neodymium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Praseodymium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Low Melting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Bismuth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Cesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Indium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Lithium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Magnesium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Wrought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Antimony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Calcium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Manganese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Phosphorus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Silicon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Sodium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Palladium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Rare Earth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Lanthanum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Beryllium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Chromium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Niobium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Rhenium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Tantalum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Tungsten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Vanadium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Zirconium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Zinc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

Table 9.2 Peak Induction (B m , B max) of Magnetically Hard Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Permanent Magnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Table 9.3 Residual Induction (Br) of Magnetically Hard Materials Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 Ceramic Permanent Magnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 Magnetically Soft Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 Permanent Magnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Tungsten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Alloy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Wrought Stainless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Table 9.4 Curie Temperature (Tc) of Magnetically Hard Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Ceramic Permanent Magnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Permanent Magnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Table 9.5 Energy Product (BdHd) of Magnetically Hard Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 Ceramic Permanent Magnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 Miscellaneous Iron Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 Permanent Magnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 Noble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Refractory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Table 10.1 Relative Permeability (µr) Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Material Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

xii

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ASM Ready Reference Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Charles Moosbrugger, editor, p3-5 DOI: 10.1361/empm2000p003

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Chapter 1

Introduction to Electrical Properties ONE OF THE PRIME CHARACTERISTICS of a material that distinguishes it as a metal is its ability to conduct heat and electricity. A majority of the elements are classified as metals. These elements are found on the left side of the periodic table (Fig. 1.1). The elements on the border, such as carbon, have metal-like and nonmetal-like properties. Graphite and graphite composites have been included in this book because of their significant roles as contact materials. Metallic atoms tend to lose electrons in their outer shell, so the substance can be thought to exist as a matrix of positive ions in an electron gas. These free electrons have the ability to move in an ordered manner, which we perceive as an electrical current. The greater the mean free path of the electrons is, the more conductive the substance will be. An increase in the motion of the atoms is indicated by its temperature increase. Typically, metallic solids have a diminished ability to carry current as their temperature increases. Their resistance is said to have increased. In this book, conductance and resistance refer to the electrical conductance and resistance, unless specifically stated as thermal resistance and thermal conductance. The tables in Part 1 use the following units:

Property

International Standard (SI) Abbreviation unit

Volume conductivity Weight conductivity

σv σw

Volume resistivity Weight resistivity Thermal coefficient of resistivity

ρv ρw ∆ρ/ρ

Customary unit

106 /m %IACS S · m2/g Ω · mile2/lb, %IACSweight µΩ · m Ω circular-mil/ft Ωg/m2 Ω lb/mile2 °C–1 °F–1

Definitions Circular Mil. As round wire was so important to the electrical and communications industries at their inception, it is natural that units reflecting them were adopted in the customary system. Because the radial dimension of a wire

is much smaller than its axial dimension, unit of resistivity used the circular mil to press the cross-sectional area and feet to press length. A circular mil is the area of a circle 1 (0.001 in.) in diameter (d). This area is:

the exexmil

1 circular mil = πr2 = π(0.001/2)2 = 7.854 × 10–7 in.2

where the radius (r) = d/2. Circular mils were considered convenient because the area in circular mils equals the square of the diameter in mils. Conductance (G) is defined as the reciprocal of resistance: G = 1/R. The reciprocal of an ohm (Ω) had been called a mho, but is now called a siemen (S). A specimen with 1 Ω resistance has a conductance of 1 S. Conductivity. All readers of this book have the concept of what resistivity and conductivity are. Resistivity and conductivity are inverses of each other. Definitions of such basic terms tend to be self reflexive, often using the terms of resistance and impedance in the definition. Material conductivity is a factor such that the conduction-current density is equal to the electric-field intensity in the material multiplied by the conductivity (Ref 1). Implicit in this definition is the fact that material conductivity is a property of the material itself; it is a constant multiplier relating the electric field (voltage) to the current density (current per unit area), and it is independent of the shape of the material. The reciprocal of resistivity is conductivity: γ = 1/ρ

The conductivity, as with resistivity, can be either volume or weight based. The preferred SI units of conductivity are 106 S/m. In customary units, the conductivity of a metal is commonly compared with that of the International Annealed Copper Standard (%IACS), and its conductivity is then expressed as %IACS (Ref 2). This comparison is made at 20 °C (68 °F).

Conductivity, ac. For time-varying electric fields, the current will vary as well. The ability of materials to conduct alternating current (ac) is dependent on the frequency of that current, the shape of the conductor, and its proximity to other conductors. In this book, the conductivity and resistivity are non-time-varying direct current (dc). An ohm (Ω) is the unit of resistance (and impedance) in the SI system and the customary system such that a conductor with 1 Ω resistance and a constant current of 1 ampere (A) will have a potential of 1 V between its ends. Resistance is the more tangible unit than resistivity. Resistance can be measured in ohms directly with instruments. It is also what is observable through physical effects such as the temperature rise of the conductor or voltage drop through the conductor. %IACS. In customary units, the conductivity of a metal is commonly compared with that of the IACS (100% soft copper), and its conductivity is then expressed as %IACS (Ref 2). This comparison is made at 20 °C (68 °F). A 100.0% conductivity sample has a resistivity of 0.017241 µΩ · m (10.371 Ω circular-mil/ft) at 20 °C (68 °F). Resistivity is an intrinsic property of the material itself, independent of the size and shape of the conductor. The resistivity can be expressed on a volume basis or a weight (mass) basis. This allows for a direct comparison of materials. Resistivity, Volume. In ASTM B 193-95, “Standard Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor Materials” (Ref 3), resistivity is defined as the electrical resistance of a body of unit length and unit cross-sectional area or unit weight. Resistance is expressed in ohms (Ω). Volume resistivity is expressed in ohms for a theoretical conductor of unit length and crosssectional area, in units of Ω · mm2/m in SI units, and in Ω circular-mil/ft in customary units:

ρv = (A/L)R

(Eq 1.1)

Fig. 1.1

Periodic table of the elements

4 / Electrical Properties

Introduction to Electrical Properties / 5 where ρv is volume resistivity, A is the unit cross section, L is the unit length, and R is the resistance in ohms. The units of length squared over length can be simplified so the volume resistivity is expressed as Ω · mm2/m equals 10–6 Ωm or µΩ · m in the SI system. An expression of resistivity that is sometimes encountered is Ω or µΩ of a cubic centimeter, abbreviated as Ω/cm3. It actually represents a cube of the material having edges 1 cm long. The cross-sectional area of the cube face is 1 cm2. An electrical potential (V) is set up between two opposite faces. The resistance is measured across the 1 cm length so the resistivity is: ρv = (A/L)R

The values of the thermal coefficient (αA) can be used to determine the resistivity (ρB) of a material at temperature TB, given the resistivity (ρA) at temperature TA using the formula: ρB = ρA [1 + αA (TB – TA)]

The thermal coefficient (αA) is defined over a temperature range for which the linear approximation is valid. Care must be taken not to use a value of a thermal coefficient beyond its region of validity. Using Volume Resistivity Values to Determine Resistance. The volume resistivity values found in the tables can be used to find the resistance of an object with known volume in the following manner. Solving Eq 1.1 for R:

ρv = (1 cm2/1 cm)Ω R = (L/A)ρv

ρv = cm ⋅ Ω = 0.01 mΩ

Resistivity, Weight. Weight resistivity (ρw) can be expressed as:

Following are two examples of determining resistance:

• Example 1. Given a 9 m length of wire with 2 ρw = (W/L1L2)R

(Eq 1.2)

where W is weight (or mass) of the test specimen in grams for SI and pounds for customary units; L1 is the gage length used to determine the resistance, R, in meters or miles; L2 is the specimen length in meters or miles; and R is the resistance in ohms. For weight resistivity, it was natural to think in terms of the pounds of metal per mile of cable, so the units are Ω lb/mile2 (Ref 2). This leads to a large difference between the magnitude of the values in the SI and customary systems. Weight resistivity is useful to compare materials for applications where weight is a factor, such as transmission lines and in aircraft. The thermal coefficient of resistivity (α) given in the tables is defined as the slope or fractional change in resistivity per unit change in temperature: α = ∆ρ/ρ per °C or °F

The units of α are °C–1 in the SI system and °F–1 in the alternate system.

mm2 cross-sectional area, for a material at 20 °C with ρ = 0.05 Ωm, the resistance at 20 °C is: R = [(9 m)/(2 mm2 · 10–6 m2/mm2)] · 0.05 µΩ · m

Using unit analysis, the length units cancel and

Common wire gages and areas are given in Table A.3 in the Appendix. Note that these are dc resistances at specific temperatures. Alternating current resistances depend on the geometry of the conductor, proximity to other conductors, and the frequency of the alternating current. This book focuses on materials properties; an engineering textbook should be consulted for ac resistances. The data tables are constructed starting with the units as given by the source. If the source units correspond to the units presented previously, the qualifier of the source, if given, is noted behind the value. If a conversion more complex than a change in the power of 10 was needed, the value is followed by a “d” to indicate that the value was derived from the source in addition to any other qualifier. In the tables, conductivities have been derived from sources where only the resistivity is given. The reverse has not been done; that is, resistivity has not been derived from conductivity. Another temperature coefficient of resistance is found in literature that has units of Ω per degree K or R. This allows for the resistance to be found by multiplying the factor by the absolute temperature. Again, the factor is given for a particular temperature or temperature range. This coefficient is not reported in this book. Checking the units of the coefficients will ensure that the desired coefficient is being used.

R = 0.225 Ω

• Example 2. Given a 12 gage wire (80.81 mils diam and 6530 circular-mil area), 50 ft long, made of a material with ρ = 50 Ω circular-mil/ft at 68 °F, the resistance can be estimated as: R = (50 ft/6530 circular-mil) · 50 Ω circular-mil/ft R = 0.383 Ω

Since ρ and the length are known to only one significant figure, R = 0.4 Ω is sufficiently accurate.

REFERENCES 1. IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronic Terms, Std 100-1977, American National Standards Institute/Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (ANSI/IEEE), 1977 2. ASM Ready Reference: Properties & Units for Engineering Alloys, ASM International, 1997, p 100 3. “Standard Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor Materials,” B 193-95, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM, 1995

ASM Ready Reference Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Charles Moosbrugger, editor, p6-92 DOI: 10.1361/empm2000p006

Copyright © 2000 ASM International® All rights reserved. www.asminternational.org

Chapter 2

High Conductivity Materials THE MATERIALS MOST OFTEN SELECTED for their ability to conduct electricity are found in this chapter. Aluminum alloys and copper alloys are used for the bulk of conductor applications. Most electric power transmissions use copper or aluminum because of their combination of conductivity and low cost. On applications where other concerns predominate, noble metals are the conductors of choice. For the sake of consistency, all noble metals are

listed in this section, even though they vary in resistivity by a factor of over six, from palladium to silver. Silver is the highest-conductivity material. Because of its cost, it can be used in small quantities in the form of conductive coatings on glass and plastic as well as plating on copper to take advantage of its high conductivity. Gold likewise is selected as a plating material for connectors and contacts.

Rhodium and palladium are used as conductors on printed circuit boards. Platinum has uses in spark plugs, resistance temperature detectors, high-temperature resistors, and high-temperature wiring. Of the noble metals, osmium forms a toxic oxide at room temperature in an atmosphere containing oxygen, so it is not readily usable. Because of its hardness, it can be used for electrical contacts.

High Conductivity Materials / 7

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families % IACS

Temperature oC oF

Aluminum, Cast, 1xx.x Commercially Pure Aluminum 100.1 (A01001) 31 min,d 100.1 (A01001) 32 t,d 150.1 (A01501) 33 min,d 150.1 (A01501) 34 t,d 170.1 (A01701) 34 min,d 170.1 (A01701) 35 t,d

54 min 56 t 57 min 59 t 59 min 60 t

RT RT RT RT RT RT

Aluminum, Cast, 2xx.x Aluminum Copper 201.0-T43 (A02010) 19 to 20 t,d 201.0-T6 (A02010) 19 to 20 t,d 201.0-T6 (A02010) 16 to 19 t,d 201.0-T6 (A02010) 16 to 19 t,d 201.0-T7 (A02010) 19 to 20 t,d 204.0-T4 (A02040) 17 t,d 204.0-T6 (A02040) 19.7 t,d 204.0-T6 (A02040) 19.7 t,d 206.0-T4 (A02060) 17 t,d 208.0-F (A02080) 18 t,d 208.0-O (A02080) 22 t,d 208.0-T6 (A02080) 18 t,d 208.0-T7 (A02080) 18 t,d 222.0-F (A02220) 19.7 t,d 222.0-O (A02220) 24 t,d 222.0-T61 (A02220) 19 t,d 224.0-T62 (A02240) 17 t,d 224.0-T72 (A02240) 17 t,d 238.0-F (A02380) 15 t,d 238.0-F (A02380) 15 t,d 240.0-F (A02400) 13 t,d 242.0-O (A02420) 26 t,d 242.0-T21 (A02420) 26 t,d 242.0-T571 (A02420) 19.7 t,d 242.0-T571 (A02420) 19.7 t,d 242.0-T571 (A02420) 19.7 t,d 242.0-T61 (A02420) 19 t,d 242.0-T61 (A02420) 19.7 t,d 242.0-T77 (A02420) 22 t,d 242.0-T77 (A02420) 22 t,d 295.0-T4 (A02950) 20.3 t,d 295.0-T4 (A02950) 20.3 t,d 295.0-T6 (A02950) 20.3 t,d 295.0-T6 (A02950) 20.3 t,d 295.0-T62 (A02950) 21 t,d 295.0-T62 (A02950) 20.3 t,d 296.0-T4 (A02960) 19 t,d 296.0-T6 (A02960) 19 t,d 296.0-T62 (A02960) 19 t,d 296.0-T7 (A02960) 19 t,d

32 to 34 t 32 to 34 t 27 to 32 t 27 to 32 t 32 to 34 t 29 t 34 t 34 t 30 t 31 t 38 t 31 t 31 t 34 t 41 t 33 t 30 t 30 t 25 t 25 t 23 t 44 t 44 t 34 t 34 t 34 t 33 t 34 t 38 t 38 t 35 t 35 t 35 t 35 t 37 t 35 t 33 t 33 t 33 t 33 t

RT RT RT

Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

20

Notes

Reference

9 9 9 9 9 9 Permanent mold Permanent mold Sand cast 68

RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT 20

68 RT

20

68 RT RT RT RT RT RT

20

Permanent mold Sand cast Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Obsolete Obsolete Permanent mold Permanent mold Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete Sand cast, obsolete Sand cast Permanent mold Permanent mold, obsolete Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast

68 RT RT

20

Sand cast Sand cast 68

RT RT RT RT RT

Sand cast Permanent mold Permanent mold Permanent mold Permanent mold

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

7 7 5 10 5 9 9 9 9 5 5 7 7 5 5 5 5 7 7 5 5 5 10 5 10 2 5 7 5 5 5 10 6 7 10 5 5 5 5 7

8 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Aluminum, Cast, 3xx.x Aluminum Silicon plus Copper or Magnesium Alcan 143 16 u,d 27 u Alcan 164 13 u,d 23 u 308.0 (A03080) 21 t,d 37 t 308.0-F (A03080) 21 t,d 37 t 308.0-F (A03080) 21 t,d 37 t 319.0-F (A03190) 16 t,d 27 t 319.0-F (A03190) 16 t,d 28 t 324.0-F (A03240) 19.7 t,d 34 t 328.0-F (A03280) 17 t,d 30 t 332.0-T5 (A03320) 15 t,d 26 t 333.0-F (A03330) 15 t,d 26 t 333.0-T5 (A03330) 17 t,d 29 t 333.0-T6 (A03330) 17 t,d 29 t 333.0-T7 (A03330) 20.3 t,d 35 t 336.0-T551 (A03360) 17 t,d 29 t 336.0-T551 (A03360) 17 t,d 29 t 354.0-F (A03540) 19 t,d 32 t 354.0-T61 (A03540) 19 t,d 32 t 354.0-T61 (A03540) 19 t,d 32 t 355.0-T51 (A03550) 25 t,d 43 t 355.0-T6 (A03550) 23 t,d 39 t 355.0-T6 (A03550) 21 t,d 36 t 355.0-T61 (A03550) 23 t,d 39 t 355.0-T61 (A03550) 21 t,d 37 t 355.0-T62 (A03550) 22 t,d 38 t 355.0-T7 (A03550) 24 t,d 42 t 355.0-T7 (A03550) 24 t,d 42 t 355.0-T71 (A03550) 23 t,d 39 t 355.0-T71 (A03550) 23 t,d 39 t 355.0-T71 (A03550) 23 t,d 39 t 356.0-T51 (A03560) 25 t,d 43 t 356.0-T51 (A03560) 25 t,d 43 t 356.0-T6 (A03560) 24 t,d 41 t 356.0-T6 (A03560) 23 t,d 39 t 356.0-T7 (A03560) 23 t,d 40 t 356.0-T7 (A03560) 23 t,d 40 t 356.0-T7 (A03560) 25 t,d 43 t 357.0-F (A03570) 23 t,d 39 t 357.0-F (A03570) 23 t,d 39 t 357.0-T6 (A03570) 23 t,d 39 t 358.0-T6 (A03580) 23 t,d 39 t 359.0-T6 (A03590) 20.3 t,d 35 t 359.0-T61 (A03590) 20.3 t,d 35 t 360.0 (A03600) 16 t,d 28 t 360.0 (A03600) 17 t,d 30 t 360.0-F (A03600) 21 t,d 37 t 364.0-F (A03640) 17 t,d 30 t 380.0 (A03800) 16 t,d 27 t

Temperature oC oF

20 20 20

68 68 68 RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT

20

Notes

Reference

Die casting Die casting Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Permanent mold Permanent mold, obsolete Obsolete Permanent mold Permanent mold Permanent mold Permanent mold Permanent mold

68 RT RT RT RT RT RT RT

20

68 RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT

20

Permanent mold Permanent mold Permanent mold Sand cast Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Sand cast Permanent mold Permanent mold Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Sand cast Permanent mold Permanent mold Permanent mold Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast

68 RT RT RT RT

Die cast Die cast

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

66 66 10 5 9 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 5 5 10 5 5 7 6 5 5 5 10 5 6 5 7 2 6 7 7 5 5 5 5 7 6 7 6 5 5 5 2 10 4 5 5 4

High Conductivity Materials / 9

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Aluminum, Cast, 3xx.x Aluminum Silicon plus Copper or Magnesium 380.0-F (A03800) 13 t,d 23 t 380.0-F (A03800) 16 t,d 27 t 383.0 (A03830) 13 t,d 23 t 383.0-F (A03830) 13 t,d 23 t 384.0 (A03840) 13 t,d 22 t 384.0-F (A03840) 13 t,d 23 t 384.0-F (A03840) 13 t,d 23 t 390.0-F (A03900) 15 t,d 25 t 390.0-T5 (A03900) 14 t,d 24 t 392.0-F (A03920) 13 t,d 22 t A356.0-T51 (A13560) 25 t,d 43 t A356.0-T6 (A13560) 23 t,d 39 t A356.0-T6 (A13560) 23 t,d 40 t A356.0-T6 (A13560) 24 t,d 41 t A356.0-T61 (A13560) 23 t,d 39 t A356.0-T61 (A13560) 23 t,d 39 t A356.0-T7 (A13560) 23 t,d 40 t A357.0-T6 (A13570) 23 t,d 40 t A357.0-T61 (A13570) 23 t,d 39 t A360.0 (A13600) 17 t,d 29 t A360.0 (A13600) 17 t,d 30 t A360.0-F (A13600) 17 t,d 29 t A360.0-F (A13600) 21 t,d 37 t A380.0 (A13800) 13 t,d 23 t A380.0-F (A13800) 16 t,d 27 t A390.0-F (A13900) 16 t,d 27 t A390.0-T5 (A13900) 15 t,d 25 t A390.0-T5 (A13900) 15 t,d 25 t B390.0 (A23900) 16 t,d 27 t C355.0-T6 (A33550) 21 t,d 36 t C355.0-T61 (A33550) 23 t,d 39 t C355.0-T61 (A33550) 21 t,d 37 t C355.0-T61 (A33550) 23 t,d 39 t Aluminum, Cast, 4xx.x Aluminum Silicon Alcan 135 22.6 to 24.9 u,d 413.0 (A04130) 18 t,d 413.0-F (A04130) 23 t,d 413.0-F (A04130) 39 t,d 443.0-F (A04430) 21 t,d 443.0-F (A04430) 21 t,d 443.0-F (A04430) 21 t,d 443.0-F (A04430) 21 t,d 443.0-F (A04430) 21 t,d 443.0-F (A04430) 24 t,d 443.0-F (A04430) 21 t,d 443.0-O (A04430) 24 t,d A413.0 (A14130) 18 t,d A413.0-F (A14130) 18 t,d

39 to 43 u 31 t 39 t 68 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 41 t 37 t 42 t 31 t 31 t

Temperature oC oF

RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT 20 20

Sand cast

RT 68 RT RT 20

68 RT RT RT

20

Reference

Sand cast Die cast

68 68

20

Notes

Sand cast Die cast Die cast Die cast Permanent mold Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Permanent mold Permanent mold Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast

68 RT RT RT RT

20 20

Sand cast Die cast Die cast 68 68

RT RT RT RT RT RT 20

Sand cast Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Sand cast 68

RT RT RT 20

68 RT

20

68 RT

20

68 RT RT RT RT RT

Sand, permanent mold casting Die cast Die cast Sand cast Die cast Die cast Sand cast Permanent mold Permanent mold Permanent mold Sand cast Sand cast

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

2 5 4 2 4 2 5 5 5 5 10 10 5 10 7 6 10 5 6 4 10 2 5 4 5 10 10 2 4 2 7 2 5 66 4 9 5 10 5 10 5 10 9 7 5 4 2

10 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Aluminum, Cast, 4xx.x Aluminum Silicon A413.0-F (A14130) 23 t,d A443.0-F (A14430) 21 t,d A443.0-F (A14430) 21 t,d A443.0-F (A14430) 21 t,d A444.0-F (A14440) 24 t,d A444.0-F (A14440) 24 t,d A444.0-T4 (A14440) 24 t,d B443.0-F (A24430) 21 t,d B443.0-F (A24430) 21 t,d B443.0-F (A24430) 21 t,d B443.0-F (A24430) 21 t,d B443.0-F (A24430) 21 t,d B443.0-F (A24430) 21 t,d C443.0 (A34430) 21 t,d C443.0-F (A34430) 21 t,d C443.0-F (A34430) 21 t,d C443.0-F (A34430) 21 t,d C443.0-F (A34430) 21 t,d

39 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 41 t 41 t 41 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 37 t

Aluminum, Cast, 5xx.x Aluminum Magnesium 511.0-F (A05110) 21 t,d 512.0-F (A05120) 22 t,d 513.0-F (A05130) 19.7 t,d 514.0-F (A05140) 20.3 t,d 518.0 (A05180) 14 t,d 518.0 (A05180) 15 t,d 518.0-F (A05180) 14 t,d 520.0-T4 (A05200) 12 t,d 520.0-T4 (A05200) 12 t,d 535.0 (A05350) 13 t,d 535.0-F (A05350) 13 t,d 535.0-F (A05350) 13 t,d 535.0-T5 (A05350) 13 t,d A535.0 (A15350) 13 t,d A535.0-F (A15350) 13 t,d B535.0 (A25350) 13 t,d B535.0-F (A25350) 14 t,d

36 t 38 t 34 t 35 t 24 t 25 t 24 t 21 t 21 t 23 t 23 t 23 t 23 t 23 t 23 t 23 t 24 t

Aluminum, Cast, 7xx.x Aluminum Zinc Alcan 432 20.3 u,d 705.0-F (A07050) 15 t,d 705.0-T5 (A07050) 15 t,d 707.0-F (A07070) 15 t,d 707.0-T5 (A07070) 15 t,d 710.0-F (A07100) 20.3 t,d 710.0-T5 (A07100) 20.3 t,d 711.0-F (A07100) 23 t,d 712.0 (A07120) 20.3 t,d 712.0-F (A07120) 23 t,d 712.0-T5 (A07120) 23 t,d

35 u 25 t 25 t 25 t 25 t 35 t 35 t 40 t 35 t 40 t 40 t

Temperature oC oF

RT 20 20 20

68

Die cast Sand cast Permanent mold Die cast Permanent mold Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Die cast Sand cast Permanent mold

68 68 68

Sand cast Die cast Permanent mold Sand cast

68 68 68 RT RT RT

20

68 RT RT

20

68 RT

20 RT RT 20 20 20 RT RT RT RT RT 20

Notes

Reference

Sand cast Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast 68

RT RT 20 20

Die cast Sand cast 68 68

RT RT RT 20

Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast 68

RT 20

Die cast 68

RT 20

Sand cast 68

RT RT RT RT RT RT RT 20

Sand casting Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Permanent mold

68 RT RT

Sand cast Sand cast

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

5 10 10 10 5 2 7 10 7 2 10 6 10 4 2 10 10 10 5 5 5 5 4 10 5 5 10 10 5 7 7 10 5 10 5 66 5 2 5 2 5 7 5 10 5 7

High Conductivity Materials / 11

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Aluminum, Cast, 7xx.x Aluminum Zinc 713.0 (A07130) 20.3 t,d 713.0-F (A07130) 21 t,d 713.0-T5 (A07130) 21 t,d 771.0 (A07710) 16 t,d 771.0-F (A07710) 21 t,d 771.0-T5 (A07710) 21 t,d 771.0-T51 (A07710) 21 t,d 771.0-T52 (A07710) 21 t,d 771.0-T53 (A07710) 21 t,d 771.0-T6 (A07710) 21 t,d 771.0-T71 (A07710) 21 t,d

35 t 37 t 37 t 27 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 37 t 37 t

Aluminum, Cast, 8xx.x Aluminum Tin 850.0-T5 (A0850) 850.0-T5 (A08500) 851.0-T5 (A08510) 851.0-T5 (A08510) 852.0-T5 (A08520) 852.0-T5 (A08520)

47 t 47 t 43 t 43 t 45 t 45 t

27 t,d 27 t,d 25 t,d 25 t,d 26 t,d 26 t,d

Aluminum, Sintered Powder Aluminum, 2xx.x Aluminum Copper 201AB-T4 19 t,d 32 e

Temperature oC oF

20

20

Sand cast Sand cast 68

RT RT RT RT RT RT RT

Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast

RT RT RT RT RT RT

Permanent mold Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast

20

68

20.3 t,d

35 e

20

68

201AB-T61

22 t,d

38 e

20

68

MD-22-T6 MD-24-T6

21 t,d 19 t,d

36 t 32 t

RT RT 20

68

601AB-T6

24 t,d

41 e

20

68

601AB-T61

26 t,d

44 e

20

68

602AB-T4

26 t,d

44 e

20

68

602AB-T6

27 t,d

47 e

20

68

602AB-T61

28 t,d

49 e

20

68

MD-69-T6 MD-76-T6

23 t,d 15 t,d

39 t 25 t

Aluminum, Wrought, 1xxx Commercially Pure Aluminum Al (99.996%) 37.67 u,d 64.95 u EC-H19 36 u,d 62 u EC-O 36 u,d 62 u 1050-O (A91050) 35.6 t,d 61.3 t 1050-O (A91050) 35.6 t,d 61.3 t 1060-H18 (A91060) 35 t,d 61 t

RT RT 20 20 20 20 20 20

Reference

68 RT RT

201AB-T6

Aluminum, Sintered Powder Aluminum, 6xx.x Aluminum Magnesium 601AB-T4 22 t,d 38 e

Notes

Sintered P/M. Determimed with FM-103 Magnatester Sintered P/M. Determimed with FM-103 Magnatester Sintered P/M. Determimed with FM-103 Magnatester Sintered P/M Sintered P/M Sintered P/M. Determimed with FM-103 Magnatester Sintered P/M. Determimed with FM-103 Magnatester Sintered P/M. Determimed with FM-103 Magnatester Sintered P/M. Determimed with FM-103 Magnatester Sintered P/M. Determimed with FM-103 Magnatester Sintered P/M. Determimed with FM-103 Magnatester Sintered P/M Sintered P/M

68 68 68 68 68 68

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

10 5 7 10 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 5 6 5 6 5 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 65 65 65 8 8 1

12 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Aluminum, Wrought, 1xxx Commercially Pure Aluminum 1060-H18 (A91060) 35 t 60 t,d 1060-O (A91060) 36 t,d 62 t 1060-O (A91060) 36 t 62 t,d 1100 (A91100) 5.2 t,d 9t 1100-H18 (A91100) 33 t 57 t,d 1100-H18 (A91100) 33 t,d 57 t 1100-O (A91100) 34 t 59 t,d 1100-O (A91100) 34 t,d 59 t 1145-H18 (A91145) 35 t,d 60 t 1145-O (A91145) 35 t,d 61 t 1199-O (A91199) 37.4 t,d 64.5 t 1350-All (A91350) 36 t 62 t,d 1350-All (A91350) 36 t,d 62 t 1350-H1x (A91350) 35.4 t,d 61.0 t 1350-O (A91350) 35.8 t,d 61.8 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Aluminum, Wrought, 2xxx Aluminum Copper Alcoa 2090 10 to 11 t,d 2011-T3 (A92011) 23 t,d 2011-T3 (A92011) 23 t 2011-T4 (A92011) 23 t,d 2011-T8 (A92011) 26 t,d 2011-T8 (A92011) 26 t,d 2011-T8 (A92011) 26 t 2014-O (A92014) 29 t 2014-O (A92014) 29 t,d 2014-T3 (A92014) 19.7 t,d 2014-T4 (A92014) 20 t 2014-T4 (A92014) 19.7 t,d 2014-T451 (A92014) 19.7 t,d 2014-T6 (A92014) 23 t,d 2014-T6 (A92014) 23 t 2014-T651 (A92014) 23 t,d 2014-T652 (A92014) 23 t,d 2017-O (A92017) 29 t,d 2017-O (A92017) 29 t 2017-T4 (A92017) 20 t 2017-T4 (A92017) 19.7 t,d 2018-T61 (A92018) 23 t 2018-T61 (A92018) 23 t,d 2024-O (A92024) 29 t,d 2024-O (A92024) 29 t 2024-T3 (A92024) 17 t 2024-T3 (A92024) 17 t,d 2024-T361 (A92024) 17 t,d 2024-T361 (A92024) 17 t 2024-T4 (A92024) 17 t 2024-T4 (A92024) 17 t,d 2024-T6 (A92024) 22 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

17 to 19 t 39 t 40 t,d 39 t 45 t 45 t 45 t,d 50 t,d 50 t 34 t 34 t,d 34 t 34 t 40 t 40 t,d 40 t 40 t 50 t 50 t,d 34 t,d 34 t 40 t,d 40 t 50 t 50 t,d 29 t,d 30 t 30 t 29 t,d 29 t,d 30 t 38 t,d

Notes

Reference

Obsolete, EC Grade Obsolete, EC Grade Obsolete, EC Grade Obsolete, EC Grade Aerospace sheet plate extrusion

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

3 1 3 59 3 1 3 1 8 8 8 3 1 8 8 66 1 3 8 8 1 3 3 1 8 3 1 8 1 3 8 8 1 3 3 1 3 1 1 3 3 1 1 3 3 1 3

High Conductivity Materials / 13

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Aluminum, Wrought, 2xxx Aluminum Copper 2024-T6 (A92024) 22 t,d 2024-T81 (A92024) 22 t 2024-T81 (A92024) 22 t,d 2024-T861 (A92024) 22 t 2024-T861 (A92024) 22 t,d 2025-T6 (A92025) 23 t,d 2025-T6 (A92025) 23 t 2036-O (A92036) 30.2 t,d 2036-T4 (A92036) 24 t,d 2036-T4 (A92036) 24 t Alcoa 2036-T4 (A92036) 23.8 u,d 2038-T4 (A92038) 23 t,d 2048-T851 (A92048) 24 t,d 2090 (A92090) 10 to 11 t,d 2091 (A92091) 10 to 11 t,d 2117-T4 (A92117) 23 t,d 2117-T4 (A92117) 23 t 2124-O (A92124) 29 t,d 2124-T851 (A92124) 22 t 2124-T851 (A92124) 22 t,d 2218-T61 (A92218) 22 t,d 2218-T72 (A92218) 23 t 2218-T72 (A92218) 23 t,d 2219-O (A92219) 26 t 2219-O (A92219) 26 t,d 2219-T31 (A92219) 16 t 2219-T31 (A92219) 16 t,d 2219-T351 (A92219) 16 t,d 2219-T37 (A92219) 16 t,d 2219-T37 (A92219) 16 t 2219-T6 (A92219) 17 t 2219-T6 (A92219) 17 t,d 2219-T62 (A92219) 17 t,d 2219-T81 (A92219) 17 t 2219-T81 (A92219) 17 t,d 2219-T851 (A92219) 17 t,d 2219-T87 (A92219) 17 t,d 2219-T87 (A92219) 17 t 2319-O (A92319) 26 t,d 2618-T6 (A92618) 21 t,d 2618-T6 (A92618) 21 t 2618-T61 (A92618) 21 t,d

38 t 38 t,d 38 t 38 t,d 38 t 40 t 40 t,d 52 t 41 t 41 t,d 41.0 u,d 40 t 42 t 17 to 19 t 17 to 19 t 40 t 40 t,d 50 t 38 t,d 38 t 38 t 40 t,d 40 t 45 t,d 44 t 28 t,d 28 t 28 t 28 t 28 t,d 29 t,d 30 t 30 t 29 t,d 30 t 30 t 30 t 29 t,d 44 t 37 t 36 t,d 37 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Aluminum, Wrought, 3xxx Aluminum Manganese 3003 (A93003) 29 t,d 3003-H12 (A93003) 24 t 3003-H12 (A93003) 24 t,d 3003-H14 (A93003) 24 t 3003-H14 (A93003) 24 t,d

50 t 41 t,d 42 t 41 t,d 41 t

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

Notes

Reference

Auto body sheet

Al-Li alloy Al-Li alloy

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

1 3 1 3 1 1 3 8 1 3 66 54 8 11 11 1 3 8 3 1 8 3 1 3 1 3 1 8 1 3 3 1 8 3 1 8 1 3 8 1 3 8 59 3 1 3 1

14 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Aluminum, Wrought, 3xxx Aluminum Manganese 3003-H18 (A93003) 23 t 3003-H18 (A93003) 23 t,d 3003-O (A93003) 29 t,d 3003-O (A93003) 29 t 3004-All (A93004) 24 t,d 3004-All (A93004) 24 t 3004-O (A93004) 24 t,d 3105-All (A93105) 26 t,d 3105-All (A93105) 26 t 3105-O (A93105) 26 t,d

40 t,d 40 t 50 t 50 t,d 42 t 41 t,d 42 t 45 t 45 t,d 45 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Aluminum, Wrought, 4xxx Aluminum Silicon Alcan B33S 21.5 to 27.8 u,d 4032-O (A94032) 23 t 4032-O (A94032) 23 t,d 4032-T6 (A94032) 20.3 t,d 4032-T6 (A94032) 20 t 4043-O (A94043) 24 t,d 4043-O (A94043) 24 t 4045-All (A94045) 26 t 4045-All (A94045) 26 t,d 4343-All (A94343) 24 t,d 4343-All (A94343) 27 t

37 to 48 u 40 t,d 40 t 35 t 34 t,d 42 t 41 t,d 45 t,d 45 t 42 t 47 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Extrusion ingots

66 3 1 1 3 1 3 3 1 1 3

Aluminum, Wrought, 5xxx Aluminum Magnesium Alcan 57S-Annealed 20.3 u,d 5005-All (A95005) 30.2 t,d 5005-All (A95005) 30 t 5005-H38 (A95005) 30.2 t,d 5005-O (A95005) 30.2 t,d 5050-All (A95050) 29 t 5050-All (A95050) 29 t,d 5050-H38 (A95050) 29 t,d 5050-O (A95050) 29 t,d 5052 (A95052) 34.2 t,d 5052-All (A95052) 20 t 5052-All (A95052) 20.3 t,d 5052-H38 (A95052) 20.3 u,d 5052-H38 (A95052) 20.3 t,d 5052-O (A95052) 20.3 u,d 5052-O (A95052) 20.3 t,d 5056-H38 (A95056) 15.7 u,d 5056-H38 (A95056) 16 t,d 5056-H38 (A95056) 16 t 5056-O (A95056) 17 t 5056-O (A95056) 17 t,d 5083-All (A95083) 17 t,d 5083-O (A95083) 17 t 5083-O (A95083) 17 t,d 5086-All (A95086) 18 t

35 u 52 t 52 t,d 52 t 52 t 50 t,d 50 t 50 t 50 t 59 t 34 t,d 35 t 35 u 35 t 35 u 35 t 27 u 27 t 28 t,d 29 t,d 29 t 29 t 29 t,d 29 t 31 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Sheet, plate, tube, wire, rod, bar

66 1 3 8 8 3 1 8 8 59 3 1 65 8 65 8 65 1 3 3 1 8 3 1 3

3 1 1 3 1 3 8 1 3 8

Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete

Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

High Conductivity Materials / 15

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

Aluminum, Wrought, 5xxx Aluminum Magnesium 5086-All (A95086) 18 t,d 5154-All (A95154) 19 t 5154-All (A95154) 19 t,d 5182 (A95182) 18 t,d Alcoa 5182 (A95182) 18 u,d 5252-All (A95252) 20 t 5252-All (A95252) 20.3 t,d 5254-All (A95254) 19 t 5254-All (A95254) 19 t,d 5356-O (A95356) 17 t 5356-O (A95356) 17 t,d 5454-All (A95454) 19.7 t,d 5454-O (A95454) 20 t 5454-O (A95454) 19.7 t,d Alcoa 5454-All (A95454) 19.7 t,ave,d 5454-H38 (A95456) 19.7 t,d 5454-H38 (A95456) 20 t 5456-All (A95456) 17 t,d 5456-O (A95456) 17 t 5456-O (A95456) 17 t,d 5457-All (A95457) 27 t,d 5457-All (A95457) 27 t 5652-All (A95652) 20 t 5652-All (A95652) 20.3 t,d 5657-All (A95657) 31 t 5657-All (A95657) 31 t,d

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

31 t 33 t,d 32 t 31 t 31 u 34 t,d 35 t 33 t,d 32 t 29 t,d 29 t 34 t 34 t,d 34 t 34 t,ave 34 t 34 t,d 29 t 29 t,d 29 t 46 t 47 t,d 34 t,d 35 t 53 t,d 54 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Aluminum, Wrought, 6xxx Aluminum Magnesium Silicon 6005-T1 (A96005) 27 t,d 47 t 6005-T1 (A96005) 27 t 47 t,d 6005-T5 (A96005) 28 t,d 49 t 6005-T5 (A96005) 28 t 48 t,d 6009-All (A96009) 26 t,d 44 t 6009-O (A96009) 31 t,d 54 t 6009-T4 (A96009) 26 t,d 44 t 6009-T6 (A96009) 27 t,d 47 t Alcoa 6009-O (A96009) 25.6 u,d 44.1 u,d Alcoa 6009-T4 (A96009) 25.4 u,d 43.8 u,d Alcoa 6009-T6 (A96009) 27.5 u,d 47.5 u,d 6010-All (A96010) 23 t,d 39 t 6010-O (A96010) 31 t,d 53 t 6010-T4 (A96010) 23 t,d 39 t 6010-T6 (A96010) 26 t,d 44 t Alcoa 6010-O (A96010) 30.8 u,d 53.0 u,d Alcoa 6010-T4 (A96010) 22.6 u,d 39.0 u,d Alcoa 6010-T6 (A96010) 25.5 u,d 44.0 u,d 6053-O (A96053) 26 t 45 t,d 6053-O (A96053) 26 t,d 45 t 6053-T4 (A96053) 23 t 40 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Notes

Reference

Auto body sheet

Obsolete Obsolete

Auto

Obsolete Obsolete

Auto body sheet Auto body sheet Auto body sheet

Auto body sheet Auto body sheet Auto body sheet

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

1 3 1 8 66 3 1 3 1 3 1 8 3 1 66 1 3 8 3 1 1 3 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 3 54 8 8 8 66 66 66 54 8 8 8 66 66 66 3 1 3

16 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Aluminum, Wrought, 6xxx Aluminum Magnesium Silicon 6053-T4 (A96053) 23 t,d 40 t 6053-T6 (A96053) 24 t 41 t,d 6053-T6 (A96053) 24 t,d 42 t 6061-O (A96061) 27 t 47 t,d 6061-O (A96061) 27 t,d 47 t 6061-T4 (A96061) 23 t 40 t,d 6061-T4 (A96061) 23 t,d 40 t 6061-T6 (A96061) 25 t,d 43 t 6061-T6 (A96061) 25 t 43 t,d 6063-O (A96063) 34 t 59 t,d 6063-O (A96063) 34 t,d 58 t 6063-T1 (A96063) 29 t 50 t,d 6063-T1 (A96063) 29 t,d 50 t 6063-T5 (A96063) 32 t 55 t,d 6063-T5 (A96063) 32 t,d 55 t 6063-T6 (A96063) 31 t 53 t,d 6063-T6 (A96063) 31 t,d 53 t 6063-T83 (A96063) 31 t 53 t,d 6063-T83 (A96063) 31 t,d 53 t 6066-O (A96066) 23 t 40 t,d 6066-O (A96066) 23 t,d 40 t 6066-T6 (A96066) 21 t 36 t,d 6066-T6 (A96066) 21 t,d 37 t 6070-T6 (A96070) 26 t,d 44 t 6070-T6 (A96070) 26 t 45 t,d 6101-T6 (A96101) 32 u,d 56 u 6101-T6 (A96101) 33 t 57 t,d 6101-T6 (A96101) 33 t,d 57 t 6101-T61 (A96101) 34 t 59 t,d 6101-T61 (A96101) 34 t,d 59 t 6101-T63 (A96101) 34 t,d 58 t 6101-T63 (A96101) 34 t 59 t,d 6101-T64 (A96101) 35 t 60 t,d 6101-T64 (A96101) 35 t,d 60 t 6101-T65 (A96101) 34 t,d 58 t 6101-T65 (A96101) 34 t 59 t,d 6105-T1 (A96105) 27 t 47 t,d 6105-T1 (A96105) 27 t,d 46 t 6105-T5 (A96105) 29 t 50 t,d 6105-T5 (A96105) 29 t,d 50 t 6111-T4 (A96111) 23 t,d 40 t 6111-T6 (A96111) 26 t,d 45 t 6151-O (A96151) 31 t,d 54 t 6151-O (A96151) 31 t 53 t,d 6151-T4 (A96151) 24 t 41 t,d 6151-T4 (A96151) 24 t,d 42 t 6151-T6 (A96151) 26 t 45 t,d 6151-T6 (A96151) 26 t,d 45 t

Temperature oC oF

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

Notes

Reference

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

1 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 65 3 1 3 1 1 3 3 1 1 3 3 1 3 1 54 54 1 3 3 1 3 1

High Conductivity Materials / 17

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Aluminum, Wrought, 6xxx Aluminum Magnesium Silicon 6201-T81 (A96201) 31 t 53 t,d 6201-T81 (A96201) 31 t,d 54 t 6205-T1 (A96205) 26 t,d 45 t 6205-T5 (A96205) 28 t,d 49 t 6262-T9 (A96262) 26 t 45 t,d 6262-T9 (A96262) 26 t,d 44 t 6351-T6 (A96351) 27 t,d 46 t 6351-T6 (A96351) 27 t 47 t,d 6463-T1 (A96463) 29 t 50 t,d 6463-T1 (A96463) 29 t,d 50 t 6463-T5 (A96463) 32 t 55 t,d 6463-T5 (A96463) 32 t,d 55 t 6463-T6 (A96463) 31 t 53 t,d 6463-T6 (A96463) 31 t,d 53 t 6951-O (A96951) 32 t 55 t,d 6951-O (A96951) 32 t,d 56 t 6951-T6 (A96951) 30 t 52 t,d 6951-T6 (A96951) 30.2 t,d 52 t Aluminum, Wrought, 7xxx Aluminum Zinc Alcan 74S-T4 19.01 u,d Alcan 74S-T6 20.82 u,d Alcoa 7021-T61 25 u,d Alcoa 7029-T5 24 u,d Alcoa 7029-T6 24 u,d Alcoa 7129-T5 24 u,d Alcoa 7129-T6 24 u,d Aluminum X7005-Annealed 25 u,d Aluminum X7005-Annealed and age 22 u,d Hardened 7005-O (A97005) 25 t,d 7005-T53 (A97005) 22 t,d 7005-T5351 (A97005) 22 t,d 7005-T6 (A97005) 20.3 t,d 7005-T63 (A97005) 22 t,d 7005-T6351 (A97005) 22 t,d 7021-T61 (A97021) 25 t,d 7029-T5 (A97029) 24 t,d 7029-T6 (A97029) 24 t,d 7039 (A97039) 19 to 23 t,d 7049 (A97049) 23 t,d 7049-T73 (A97049) 23 t,d 7049-T73 (A97049) 23 t 7050-O (A97050) 27 t,d 7050-T736 (A97050) 23.5 t,d 7050-T73651 (A97050) 23.5 t,d 7050-T74 (A97050) 24 t 7050-T74 (A97050) 24 t,d 7050-T76 (A97050) 22.9 t,d

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

3 1 8 8 3 1 1 3 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1

32.77 u 35.90 u 43 u 42 u 42 u 42 u 42 u 43 u 38 u

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66

43 t 38 38 t 35 t 38 t 38 t 43 t 42 t 42 t 32 to 40 t 40 t 40 t 40 t,d 47 t 40.5 t 40.5 t 41 t,d 41 t 39.5 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Auto bumper Auto bumper Auto bumper Auto bumper Auto bumper Sheet, extrusion, plate, tube Sheet, extrusion, plate, tube

T74 previously T73 and T736 T74 previously T73 and T736

T74 previously T73 and T736 T74 previously T73 and T736

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

8 8 8 8 8 8 54 54 54 8 8 1 3 8 8 8 3 1 8

18 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Aluminum, Wrought, 7xxx Aluminum Zinc 7050-T7651 (A97050) 22.9 t,d 7072-O (A97072) 34 t,d 7072-O (A97072) 34 t 7075-T6 (A97075) 19 t 7075-T6 (A97075) 19 t,d 7075-T62 (A97075) 19 t,d 7075-T651 (A97075) 19 t,d 7075-T652 (A97075) 19 t,d 7075-T73 (A97075) 23 t,d 7075-T7351 (A97075) 23 t,d 7075-T7352 (A97075) 23 t,d 7075-T76 (A97075) 22.3 t,d 7075-T7651 (A97075) 22.3 t,d 7076 (A97076) 20.3 t,d 7116-T5 (A97116) 27 t,d 7129-T5 (A97129) 24 t,d 7129-T6 (A97129) 24 t,d 7175-O (A97175) 27 t,d 7175-T66 (A97175) 21 t,d 7175-T736 (A97175) 23 t,d 7175-T74 (A97175) 23 t 7175-T7652 (A97175) 23 t,d 7178-O (A97178) 27 t,d 7178-T6 (A97178) 18 t,d 7178-T6 (A97178) 19 t,d 7178-T6 (A97178) 18 t 7178-T651 (A97178) 19 t,d 7178-T76 (A97178) 23 t,d 7178-T7651 (A97178) 23 t,d 7475-O (A97475) 27 t,d 7475-T61 (A97475) 21 t,d 7475-T61 (A97475) 20 t 7475-T651 (A97475) 21 t,d 7475-T651 (A97475) 20 t 7475-T7351 (A97475) 24 t 7475-T7351 (A97475) 24 t,d 7475-T76 (A97475) 23 t 7475-T761 (A97475) 23 t,d 7475-T761 (A97475) 23 t 7475-T7651 (A97475) 23 t,d

39.5 t 59 t 59 t,d 33 t,d 33 t 33 t 33 t 33 t 40 t 40 t 40 t 38.5 t 38.5 t 35 t 46 t 42 t 42 t 46 t 36 t 40 t 40 t,d 40 t 46 t 31 t 32 t 31 t,d 32 t 39 t 39 t 46 t 36 t 34 t,d 36 t 34 t,d 41 t,d 42 t 40 t,d 40 t 40 t,d 40 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

8 1 3 3 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 54 54 54 8 8 8 3 8 8 1 8 3 8 8 8 8 8 3 8 3 3 8 3 8 3 8

Aluminum, Wrought, 8xxx Aluminum-Other Elements 8017-H12 (A98017) 34 t 8017-H212 (A98017) 35 t 8017-H212 (A98017) 35 t,d 8017-H22 (A98017) 34 t 8030-H221 (A98030) 35 t,d 8030-H221 (A98030) 35 t 8090 (A98090) 10 to 11 t,d

59 t,d 60 t,d 61 t 59 t,d 61 t 60 t,d 17 to 19 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68

3 3 1 3 1 3 11

Al-Li alloy

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

High Conductivity Materials / 19

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Aluminum, Wrought, 8xxx Aluminum-Other Elements 8176-H24 (A98176) 35 t,d 61 t 8176-H24 (A98176) 35 t 60 t,d

20 20

68 68

Copper, Cast, Aluminum Bronze Ampco Metal 12 Ampco Metal 16 Ampco Metal 18 Ampco Metal 20 Ampco Metal 21

Notes

Reference

1 3

7.5 u,d 7.5 u,d 7.5 u,d 6.4 u,d 5.8 u,d

13 u 13 u 13 u 11 u 10.0 u

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

Ampcoloy 495

2 u,d

3u

20

68

Atlantic 25 Aur-O-Met 57-Annealed Elkaloy D Elkaloy D110 Elkaloy D120 Elkaloy D130 ASTM B148 C95200 (C95200) C95200 (C95200) ASTM B148 C95300 (C95300) C95300 (C95300) ASTM B148 C95400 (C95400) ASTM B148 C95400HT (C95400) C95400-As cast (C95400) C95400-TQ50 (C95400) Continuous Cast Aluminum Bronze (C95400) ASTM B148 C95410 (C95410) ASTM B148 C95410HT (C95410) ASTM B148 C95500 (C95500) ASTM B148 C95500HT (C95500) C95500-As cast (C95500) C95500-TQ50 (C95500) ASTM B148 C95600 (C95600) ASTM B148 C95700 (C95700) C95700-Annealed, fast cooled (C95700) C95700-As cast (C95700) ASTM B148 C95800 (C95800) C95800 (C95800)

5.2 approx,d 7.0 u,d 10 t,d 7 t,d 6 t,d 5 t,d 7.07 t,d 7.0 u,d 8.9 t,d 7.5 u,d 7.54 t,d 7.19 t,d 7.5 u,d 7.5 u,d 7.5 nom,d

9 approx 12 u 18 t 12 t 10 t 9t 12.2 t 12 u 15.3 t 13 u 13.0 t 12.4 t 13 u 13 u 13 nom

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Sand casting Casting Sand casting Casting Sand casting Sand casting Casting Casting Continuous cast

66 66 58 58 58 58 22 16 22 16 22 22 16 16 66

7.54 t,d 5.9 t,d 5.1 t,d 4.9 t,d 4.93 u,d 4.93 u,d 4.9 t,d 1.8 t,d 1.8 u,d

13.0 t 10.2 t 8.8 t 8.4 t 8.5 u 8.5 u 8.5 t 3.1 t 3.1 u

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Sand casting Sand casting Sand casting Sand casting Sand casting Sand casting Sand casting Sand casting Sand casting

22 22 22 22 16 16 22 22 16

1.8 u,d 4.1 t,d 4.1 u,d

3.1 u 7.0 t 7.1 u

20 20 20

68 68 68

Sand casting Sand casting Sand casting

16 22 16

10.4 u,d 26 to 29 u,d 26 to 29 u,d 26 to 29 u,d 12 to 14.5 u,d

18 u 45 to 50 u 45 to 50 u 45 to 50 u 20 to 25 u

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

Contact blades, switches, soldering iron tips Switches, contacts Switches, contacts

66 66 66 66 66

12 to 14.5 u,d

20 to 25 u

20

68

Copper, Cast, Beryllium Copper Belmont 4977-Heat treated Berylco 10Cr-Annealed and hardened Brush Casting 10C (C82000) Brush Casting 3C (C82000) Brush Casting 165C-Age hardened (C82400) Brush Casting 165CT-Age hardened (C82400)

Sand and centrifugal casting Sand and centrifugal casting Sand and centrifugal casting, extrusions Sand and centrifugal casting Sand casting, centrifugal casting, and wrought stock Sand and centrifugal casting, bar, rod, forging, sheet, strip, plate, and welding wire Plaster-mold and planar investment castings Die casting

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

66 66 66 66 66 66

66

20 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number) Copper, Cast, Beryllium Copper C82400-Age hardened (C82400) Brush Casting 20CT (C82500) Brush Casting 20C (C82500) Brush Casting 21C-Age hardened (C82510) Brush Casting 245C-Age hardened (C82600) Brush Casting 245CT-Age hardened (C82600) C82600-Age hardened (C82600) Brush Casting 275C (C82800) Brush Casting 275CT (C82800)

10

6

S/m

Notes

Reference

14.5 u,d 10.4 to 14.5 u,d 10.4 to 14.5 u,d 10.4 to 14.5 u,d

25 u 18 to 25 u 18 to 25 u 18 to 25 u

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

16 66 66 66

10.4 to 13 u,d

18 to 23 u

20

68

66

10.4 to 13 u,d

18 to 23 u

20

68

66

11 u,d 10 to 13 u,d 10 to 13 u,d

19 u 17 to 23 u 17 to 23 u

20 20 20

68 68 68

92 u

20

68

12 t,d 41 t,d 49 t,d 23 to 29 u,d 46 u,d

20 t 70 t 85 t 40 to 50 u 80 u

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

24 to 28 u,d

42 to 48 u

20

68

27.8 t,d 27.8 u,d 27.8 u,d 27.8 t,d 27.8 u,d 27.8 t,d 11.6 u,d 11.6 t,d 10.4 t,d 10 u,d

48 t 48 u 48 u 48 t 48 u 48 t 20 u 20 t 18 t 18 u

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Casting alloy Casting alloy Casting alloy Casting alloy Casting alloy Casting alloy Casting alloy Casting alloy Casting alloy Casting alloy

81 16 16 81 16 81 16 81 81 16

12.4 t 15.0 t 15 u 10.1 t 10.1 u 11.6 t 11.6 t 11.5 u 9.0 t 9.0 t 9u 10.0 t 10 u 10.0 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Sand Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting Casting Sand Casting Casting Casting Sand Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting

22 22 16 22 16 22 22 16 22 22 16 22 16 22

Copper, Cast, Commercially Pure Copper C81100 (C81100) 53.4 u,d Copper, Cast, High Copper CMW 73 C81400-Heat treated (C81400) C81500-Heat treated (C81500) C81500-Heat treated (C81500) C81500-Precipitation hardened (C81500) C81540-Precipitation hardened (C81540) C81800-Heat treated (C81800) C81800-Heat treated (C81800) C82000-Heat treated (C82000) C82000-Heat treated (C82000) C82200-Heat treated (C82200) C82200-Heat treated (C82200) C82500-Heat treated (C82500) C82500-Heat treated (C82500) C82800-Heat treated (C82800) C82800-Heat treated (C82800)

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Copper, Cast, High Leaded Tin Bronze Copper ASTM B584 C93200 (C93200) 7.19 t,d ASTM B584 C93500 (C93500) 8.70 t,d C93500 (C93500) 8.7 u,d ASTM B584 C93700 (C93700) 5.9 t,d C93700 (C93700) 5.9 u,d ASTM B584 C93800 (C93800) 6.73 t,d ASTM B66 C93800 (C93800) 6.73 t,d C93800 (C93800) 6.67 u,d ASTM B584 C94300 (C94300) 5.2 t,d ASTM B66 C94300 (C94300) 5.2 t,d C94300 (C94300) 5.2 u,d ASTM B66 C94400 (C94400) 5.8 t,d C94400 (C94400) 5.8 u,d ASTM B66 C94500 (C94500) 5.8 t,d

Castings Castings

16 66 66 16

Cu-Be Casting alloy Casting alloy Casting alloy. Solution heat treated

58 81 81 16 65 65

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

High Conductivity Materials / 21

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Copper, Cast, Leaded Manganese Bronze ASTM B584 C86400 (C86400) 11.2 t,d ASTM B584 C86700 (C86700) 9.7 t,d

19.3 t 16.7 t

20 20

68 68

Sand Casting Sand Casting

22 22

Copper, Cast, Leaded Red Brass ASTM B584 C83450 (C83450) ASTM B584 C83600 (C83600) ASTM B62 C83600 (C83600) C83600 (C83600) ASTM B584 C83800 (C83800) C83800 (C83800)

11.6 t,d 8.8 t,d 8.70 t,d 8.7 u,d 8.9 t,d 8.7 u,d

20.0 t 15.1 t 15.0 t 15 u 15.3 t 15 u

20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68

Sand Casting Sand Casting Casting Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting

22 22 22 16 22 16

Copper, Cast, Leaded Tin Bronze ASTM B584 C87610 (C87610) ASTM B584 C92200 (C92200) C92200 (C92200) ASTM B584 C92300 (C92300) ASTM B584 C92600 (C92600) C93900 (C93900)

3.5 t,d 8.29 t,d 8.29 u,d 7.13 t,d 5.8 t,d 6.67 u,d

6.1 t 14.3 t 14.3 u 12.3 t 10.0 t 11.5 u

20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68

Sand Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting

22 22 16 22 22 16

Copper, Cast, Leaded Tin Bronze Copper Bearium Metal B-10 5.3 ave,d Bearium Metal B-4 8.56 ave,d Bearium Metal B-8 6.03 ave,d Bunting Alloy 72 6.3 to 7.0 approx,d ASTM B61 C92200 (C92200) 8.29 t,d

9.1 ave 14.8 ave 10.4 ave 11 to 12 approx 14.3 t

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

66 66 66 66

20

68

Sand and centrifugal castings Sand and centrifugal castings Sand and centrifugal castings Sand, centrifugal, continous and investment castings Casting

Copper, Cast, Leaded Yellow Brass ASTM B584 C85200 (C85200) C85200 (C85200) ASTM B584 C85400 (C85400) C85400 (C85400) ASTM B584 C85700 (C85700) C85700 (C85700) ASTM B176 C85800 (C85800) C85800 (C85800)

10.8 t,d 10.8 u,d 11.4 t,d 11.4 u,d 12.6 t,d 12.8 u,d 12.8 t,d 12.8 u,d

18.6 t 18.6 u 19.6 t 19.6 u 21.8 t 22 u 22.0 t 22 u

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Sand Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting Die casting Die casting

22 16 22 16 22 16 22 16

Copper, Cast, Manganese Bronze Atlantic 31 Atlantic 8A C86100 (C86100) ASTM B584 C86200 (C86200) C86200 (C86200) ASTM B22 C86300 (C86300) ASTM B584 C86300 (C86300) C86300 (C86300) ASTM B584 C86500 (C86500) C86500 (C86500)

5 approx,d 15 approx,d 4.35 u,d 4.3 t,d 4.35 u,d 4.6 t,d 4.6 t,d 5.2 u,d 11.9 t,d 11.9 u,d

8 approx 25 approx 7.5 u 7.4 t 7.5 u 8.0 t 8.0 t 9u 20.5 t 20.5 u

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Plaster-mold and planar investment castings Plaster-mold and planar investment castings Sand Casting Sand Casting Casting Sand Casting Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting

66 66 16 22 16 22 22 16 22 16

Copper, Cast, Nickel Silver ASTM B584 C97300 (C97300) ASTM B584 C97600 (C97600) ASTM B584 C97800 (C97800)

3.4 t,d 2.8 t,d 2.6 t,d

5.9 t 4.8 t 4.5 t

20 20 20

68 68 68

Sand Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting

22 22 22

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

22

22 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number) Copper, Cast, Nickel Tin Bronze ASTM B584 C94700 (C94700) ASTM B584 C94700(HT) (C94700) C94700-Precipitation hardened (C94700) ASTM B584 C94800 (C94800)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

6.67 t,d 8.56 t,d 8.7 u,d

11.5 t 14.8 t 15 u

20 20 20

68 68 68

Sand Casting Sand Casting

22 22 65

6.96 t,d

12.0 t

20

68

Sand Casting

22

Copper, Cast, Phosphor Bronze Bunting No. 156

5.9 u,d

10.1 u

20

68

Centrifugal, chill or sand casting

66

Copper, Cast, Semi-Red Brass ASTM B584 C84400 (C84400) C84400 (C84400) ASTM B584 C84800 (C84800) C84800 (C84800)

9.7 t,d 9.51 u,d 9.5 t,d 9.51 u,d

16.8 t 16.4 u 16.4 t 16.4 u

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

Sand Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting

22 16 22 16

Copper, Cast, Silicon Brass ASTM B584 C87400 (C87400) ASTM B584 C87500 (C87500) C87500 (C87500) ASTM B584 C87600 (C87600)

3.9 t,d 3.5 t,d 3.89 u,d 4.6 t,d

6.7 t 6.1 t 6.7 u 8.0 t

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

Sand Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting

22 22 16 22

Copper, Cast, Silicon Bronze Atlantic 13B ASTM B176 C87800 (C87800) C87800 (C87800)

3 approx,d 3.8 t,d 3.89 u,d

6 approx 6.5 t 6.7 u

20 20 20

68 68 68

Plaster-mold and planar investment castings Die casting Die casting

66 22 16

Copper, Cast, Silicon Copper ASTM B584 C87300 (C87300) C87300 (C87300)

3.5 t,d 3.89 u,d

6.1 t 6.7 u

20 20

68 68

Sand Casting Sand Casting

22 16

Copper, Cast, Tin Bronze ASTM B584 C90300 (C90300) ASTM B22 C90500 (C90500) ASTM B584 C90500 (C90500) C90500 (C90500) C90700 (C90700) ASTM B22 C91100 (C91100) ASTM B22 C91300 (C91300) C91700 (C91700)

7.19 t,d 6.32 t,d 6.32 t,d 6.4 u,d 5.57 u,d 4.9 t,d 4.1 t,d 5.8 u,d

12.4 t 10.9 t 10.9 t 11 u 9.6 u 8.5 t 7.0 t 10 u

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Sand Casting Casting Sand Casting Casting

22 22 22 16 16 22 22 16

Casting Casting

Copper, Cast, Unclassified CMW 3 C99400-Precipitation hardened (C99400) ASTM B176 C99700 (C99700)

46 t,d 9.9 u,d

80 t 17 u

20 20

68 68

Cu-Cr

58 65

1.7 t,d

3.0 t

20

68

Die casting

22

Copper, Cast, Unclassified Bronze Asarco Bronwite

11.2 u,d

2.0 u

20

68

Sand casting, permanent mold casting, die casting, investment cast, and ingot

66

28 min,as spec 30 nom 61 nom 60 min,as spec

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

Cable shielding, CCS or CAS Cable shielding, CCS or CAS Cable shielding, CCS or CAS Cable shielding, CCS or CAS

51 51 51 51

Copper, Miscellaneous, Copper-Clad Steel ASTM B624 16/68/16 16 min,d ASTM B624 16/68/16 17 nom,d ASTM B624 33.3/33.3/33.3 35 nom,d ASTM B624 33.3/33.3/33.3 35 min,d

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

High Conductivity Materials / 23

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Copper, Miscellaneous, Instrument and Control 67Cu5Ni27Mn 1.04 u,d 70Cu20Ni10Mn 2.1 u,d 83Cu13Mn4Ni(manganin) 2.0 u,d 85Cu10Mn4Ni(shunt manganin) 2.6 u,d 87Cu13Mn(manganin) 2.0 u,d

1.8 u 3.6 u 3.5 u 4.5 u 3.5 u

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

65 65 65 65 65

Copper, Miscellaneous, Thermocouple 55Cu45Ni(constantan) 2.0 u,d 78Cu22Ni 3.3 u,d 89Cu11Ni 6.4 u,d 94Cu6Ni 9.9 u,d 98Cu2Ni 20.3 u,d

3.5 u 5.7 u 11 u 17 u 35 u

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

65 65 65 65 65

Copper, Welding filler copper Ampcotrode 182 Copper-trode

31 u,d 23 u,d

53 u 40 u

20 20

68 68

Weld filler for high conductivity

66 66

Copper, Wrought, Aluminum Bronze Alronze Ambraloy 901 Ambraloy 917 Ambraloy 928-Annealed Ampco Metal 8 Ampcoloy 45 Bridgeport 712-Soft Copper No. 630 Coronze 638

6.09 u,d 9.9 u,d 4.35 u,d 8.70 u,d 8.1 u,d 5.2 u,d 7.0 u,d 4.35 u,d 6 u,d

10.5 u 17.0 u 7.5 u 15.0 u 14 u 9u 12 u 7.5 u 10 u

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Strip, electrical contacts Sheet, strip, plate, wire, rod, bar, and tube Rod, bar, plate, and die pressed forgings Sheet, strip, plate, rod, bar and wire Rolled plate, sheet, extrusion Extruded and forged bar Strip, tube, rod, and wire Bar, rod, plate, sheet, and tube Sheet, strip, wire, welded tube produced from strip

66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66

9.9 t,d 8.7 u,d 7.0 t,d 8.12 t,d 7.0 t,d 7.0 t,d 5.8 t,d 5.2 t,d 4.0 t,d 6 fio 8.7 t,d

17 t 15 u 12 t 14 t 12 t 12 t 10 t 9t 7t 10 fio 15 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

17 to 21 u 22 u 20 to 60 u

20 20 20

68 68 68

C60800 (C60800) Ambraloy 610-Annealed (C61000) C61300 (C61300) C61400 (C61400) C62300 (C62300) C62400 (C62400) C62500 (C62500) C63000 (C63000) C63200 (C63200) ASTM B422 C63800 (C63800) C63800 (C63800)

Copper, Wrought, Beryllium Copper 2Be + Ni or Co 9.9 to 12.2 u,d Berylco 33-25-Precipitation hardened 13 u,d Brush 10 11.6 to 25 u,d Brush 190 Brush M25-Precipitation hardened

11.6 to 16.2 u,d 12.8 to 14.5 u,d

20 to 28 u 22 to 25 u

20 20

68 68

CMW 100 CMW 73 Copper No. 170 Copper No. 172-Heat treated

28 t,d 13 t,d 12.8 to 17.4 u,d 16 to 19 u,d

48 t 23 t 22 to 30 u 28 to 33 u

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

Rod, wire

Sheet and strip

Contact material Rod, wire, tube Billet, forging, casting, ingot, rod, bar, plate, wire, strip, and fabricated shapes Strip Rod and bar, connectors, electrical and electronic components Cu-Be Strip Strip, wire, rod

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

15 66 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 44 59 65 66 66 66 66 58 58 66 66

24 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number) Copper, Wrought, Beryllium Copper C17000-As cast (C17000) C17000-Cast and aged (C17000) C17000-Precipitation hardened (C17000) C17000-TB00 (C17000) C17000-TB00 (C17000) C17000-TB00 (C17000) C17000-TB00 (C17000) C17000-TD01 (C17000) C17000-TD02 (C17000) C17000-TD04 (C17000) C17000-TD04 (C17000) C17000-TD04 (C17000) C17000-TD04 (C17000)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

9.3 to 13 t,d 10.4 to 13 t,d 12.8 u,d

16 to 22 t 18 to 23 t 22 u

20 20 20

68 68 68

Billet Billet

15 15 65

10 to 11 t,d 7.5 to 10 t,d 10 to 11 t,d 10 to 11 t,d 9.3 to 10.4 t,d 8.7 to 10 t,d 8.7 to 10 t,d 8.7 to 10 t,d 8.7 to 10 t,d 8.7 to 10 t,d

17 to 19 t 13 to 18 t 17 to 19 t 17 to 19 t 16 to 18 t 15 to 17 t 15 to 17 t 15 to 17 t 15 to 17 t 15 to 17 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15

C17000-TF00 (C17000) C17000-TF00 (C17000) C17000-TF00 (C17000) C17000-TF00 (C17000) C17000-TH04 (C17000)

13 to 15 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 10.4 to 14.5 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 13 to 15 t,d

22 to 25 t 22 to 25 t 18 to 25 t 22 to 25 t 22 to 25 t

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

C17000-TH04 (C17000) C17000-TH04 (C17000) C17000-THxx (C17000) C17000-TMxx (C17000) Wellman Alloy 165HT-TH04 (C17000) Wellman Alloy 165A-TB00 (C17000) Wellman Alloy 165AT-TF00 (C17000) Wellman Alloy 165H-TD04 (C17000) Brushform 290 (C17200) C17200-Age hardened (C17200) C17200-As cast (C17200) C17200-Cast and aged (C17200) C17200-M20 (C17200) C17200-Precipitation hardened (C17200) C17200-TB00 (C17200) C17200-TB00 (C17200) C17200-TB00 (C17200) C17200-TB00 (C17200) C17200-TB00 (C17200) C17200-TD01 (C17200) C17200-TD02 (C17200) C17200-TD04 (C17200) C17200-TD04 (C17200) C17200-TD04 (C17200) C17200-TF00 (C17200) C17200-TF00 (C17200)

13 to 15 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 12 to 19 t,d 12.8 to 16.2 t,d

22 to 25 t 22 to 25 t 22 to 25 t 20 to 33 t 22 to 28 t

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

Forging Billet Strip Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Strip Strip Rod, bar, plate, tubing, t < 10 mm (0.375 in.) Strip Rod, bar, plate, tubing, t > 25 mm (1 in.) Rod, bar, plate, tubing, 10 mm (0.375 in.) <= t < 25 mm (1 in.) Strip Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Billet Forging Rod, bar, plate, tubing, 10 mm (0.375 in.) <= t < 25 mm (1 in.) Rod, bar, plate, tubing, t > 25 mm (1 in.) Rod, bar, plate, tubing, t < 10 mm (0.375 in.) Strip Strip Rod, bar

8.7 to 11 t,d 13 to 16 t,d 8.7 to 11 t,d 10 to 15 emp,d 12.8 t,d 9.3 to 13 t,d 10.4 to 13 t,d 9.9 t,d 12.8 u,d

15 to 19 t 22 to 28 t 15 to 19 t 17 to 26 emp 22 t 16 to 22 t 18 to 23 t 17 t 22 u

20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68

10 to 11 t,d 10 to 11 t,d 7.5 to 10 t,d 10 to 11 t,d 10 to 11 t,d 9.3 to 10.4 t,d 8.7 to 10 t,d 8.7 to 10 t,d 8.7 to 10 t,d 8.7 to 10 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 13 to 9 t,d

17 to 19 t 17 to 19 t 13 to 18 t 17 to 19 t 17 to 19 t 16 to 18 t 15 to 17 t 15 to 17 t 15 to 17 t 15 to 17 t 22 to 25 t 22 to 25 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

RT RT RT

Bar, plate Bar, plate Bar, plate Current carrying springs Billet Billet

Strip Wire Billet Forging Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Strip Strip Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Strip Wire Wire Strip

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 13 13 13 13 66 59 15 15 59 65 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15

High Conductivity Materials / 25

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number) Copper, Wrought, Beryllium Copper C17200-TF00 (C17200) C17200-TF00 (C17200) C17200-TF00 (C17200) C17200-TH04 (C17200) C17200-TH04 (C17200) C17200-Thermal hardening (C17200) C17200-THxx (C17200) C17200-TMxx (C17200) Olin 172-Heat treated (C17200) Olin 172-Mill hardened (C17200) Olin 172-Precipitation hardened (C17200) Wellman Alloy 25A-TB00 (C17200) Wellman Alloy 25AT-TF00 (C17200) Wellman Alloy 25H-TD04 (C17200) Wellman Alloy 25HT-TH04 (C17200) C17300-As cast (C17300) C17300-Cast and aged (C17300) C17300-Precipitation hardened (C17300) C17300-TB00 (C17300) C17300-TB00 (C17300) C17300-TB00 (C17300) C17300-TB00 (C17300) C17300-TB00 (C17300) C17300-TD01 (C17300) C17300-TD02 (C17300) C17300-TD04 (C17300) C17300-TD04 (C17300) C17300-TD04 (C17300) C17300-TF00 (C17300) C17300-TF00 (C17300) C17300-TF00 (C17300) C17300-TF00 (C17300) C17300-TF00 (C17300) C17300-TH04 (C17300) C17300-TH04 (C17300) C17300-THxx (C17300) C17300-TMxx (C17300) Wellman Alloy M25A-TB00 (C17300) Wellman Alloy M25AT-TF00 (C17300) Wellman Alloy M25H-TD04 (C17300) Wellman Alloy M25HT-TH04 (C17300) Brush Alloy 174 (C17410)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

13 to 15 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 10.4 to 14.5 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 13 u,d 13 to 15 t,d 12 to 16 t,d 12.8 min,d 9.9 min,d 9.9 to 17.4 u,d

22 to 25 t 22 to 25 t 18 to 25 t 22 to 25 t 22 to 25 t 22 u 22 to 25 t 20 to 28 t 22 min 17 min 17 to 30 u

8.7 to 11 t,d 13 to 16 t,d 8.7 to 11 t,d 13 to 16 t,d 9.3 to 13 t,d 10.4 to 13 t,d 12.8 u,d

15 to 19 t 22 to 28 t 15 to 19 t 22 to 28 t 16 to 22 t 18 to 23 t 22 u

20 20 20

68 68 68

10 to 11 t,d 10 to 11 t,d 10 to 11 t,d 7.5 to 10 t,d 10 to 11 t,d 9.3 to 10.4 t,d 8.7 to 10 t,d 8.7 to 10 t,d 8.7 to 10 t,d 8.7 to 10 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 10.4 to 14.5 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 13 to 15 t,d 12 to 16 t,d 8.7 to 11.0 t,d 12.8 to 16.2 t,d

17 to 19 t 17 to 19 t 17 to 19 t 13 to 18 t 17 to 19 t 16 to 18 t 15 to 17 t 15 to 17 t 15 to 17 t 15 to 17 t 22 to 25 t 22 to 25 t 18 to 25 t 22 to 25 t 22 to 25 t 22 to 25 t 22 to 25 t 22 to 25 t 20 to 28 t 15 to 19 t 22 to 28 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

8.7 to 11.0 t,d 12.8 to 16.2 t,d

15 to 19 t 22 to 28 t

26.1 u

45 u

ASTM B441 C17500-TB00 (C17500) 12 min,d ASTM B441 C17500-TD04 (C17500) 12 min,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Notes

Reference

Forging Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Billet Wire Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Electrical connector Strip Strip Contact bridges, bolts, screws Contact bridges, bolts, screws Contact bridges, bolts, screws

15 15 15 15 15 17 15 15 66 66 66

Bar, plate Bar, plate Bar, plate Bar, plate Billet Billet

13 13 13 13 15 15 65

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Wire Strip Billet Forging Strip Strip Strip Wire Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Strip Forging Billet Wire Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Wire Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Strip Strip Rod, bar Rod, bar

15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 13 13

20 20

68 68

Rod, bar Rod, bar

13 13

20

68

66

20 min,as spec 20 20 min,as spec 20

68 68

For computer connectors, automotive contact materials, and appliances Rod and bar Rod and bar

RT RT RT RT

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

45 45

26 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number) Copper, Wrought, Beryllium Copper ASTM B441 C17500-TF00 (C17500) ASTM B441 C17500-TH04 (C17500) ASTM B534 C17500-TF00 (C17500) ASTM B534 C17500-TH02 (C17500) ASTM B534 C17500-TH04 (C17500) ASTM B534 C17500-TM02 (C17500) C17500-H04 (C17500) C17500-H04 (C17500) C17500-HTC (C17500) C17500-HTC (C17500) C17500-Precipitation hardened (C17500) C17500-TB00 (C17500) C17500-TB00 (C17500) C17500-TB00 (C17500) C17500-TF00 (C17500) C17500-TF00 (C17500) C17500-TF00 (C17500) C17500-TH04 (C17500) C17500-TH04 (C17500) Olin 175-Precipitation hardened (C17500) Wellman Alloy 10A-TB00 (C17500) Wellman Alloy 10AT-TF00 (C17500) Wellman Alloy 10H-TD04 (C17500) Wellman Alloy 10HT-TH04 (C17500) ASTM B441 C17510-TB00 (C17510) ASTM B441 C17510-TD04 (C17510) ASTM B441 C17510-TF00 (C17510) ASTM B441 C17510-TH04 (C17510) ASTM B534 C17500-TM04 (C17510) ASTM B534 C17510-TF00 (C17510) ASTM B534 C17510-TH02 (C17510) ASTM B534 C17510-TH04 (C17510) ASTM B534 C17510-TM02 (C17510) ASTM B534 C17510-TM04 (C17510) Olin 17510-Precipitation hardened (C17510) Olin 17510-TF00 (C17510) Olin 17510-TH04 (C17510) Wellman Alloy 3A-TB00 (C17510) Wellman Alloy 3AT-TF00 (C17510) Wellman Alloy 3H-TD04 (C17510) Wellman Alloy 3HT-TH04 (C17510) Berylco 7 (C17530) C17600-As cast (C17600) C17600-Cast and aged (C17600) C17600-H04 (C17600)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

26 min,d 28 min,d 26 min,d 28 min,d 28 min,d 29 min,d 12 to 17 t,d 12 to 17 t,d 35 t,min,d 26 to 35 t,d 28 u,d

45 min,as spec 48 min,as spec 45 min as spec 48 min as spec 48 min as spec 50 min as spec 20 to 30 t 20 to 30 t 60 t,min 45 to 60 t 48 u

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Rod and bar Rod and bar Rod and bar Rod and bar Rod and bar Rod and bar Strip Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Strip Strip

45 45 49 49 49 49 15 15 15 15 65

12 to 17 t,d 12 to 17 t,d 12 to 17 t,d 26 to 35 t,d 26 to 35 t,d 26 to 35 t,d 29 to 35 t,d 29 to 35 t,d 26.1 to 34.8 u,d

20 to 30 t 20 to 30 t 20 to 30 t 45 to 60 t 45 to 60 t 45 to 60 t 50 to 60 t 50 to 60 t 45 to 60 u

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Strip Forging Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Strip Forging Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Strip Fuse clips, springs, switches, connectors

15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 66

11.6 to 17.4 t,d 26.1 to 34.8 t,d 11.6 to 17.4 t,d 27.8 to 34.8 t,d 12 min,d 12 min,d 26 min,d 28 min,d 29 min,d 26 min,d 28 min,d 28 min,d 29 min,d 29 min,d 26.1 to 34.8 u,d

20 to 30 t 45 to 60 t 20 to 30 t 48 to 60 t 20 min,as spec 20 min,as spec 45 min,as spec 48 min,as spec 50 min as spec 45 min as spec 48 min as spec 48 min as spec 50 min as spec 50 min as spec 45 to 60 u

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Rod, bar Rod, bar Rod, bar Rod, bar Rod and bar Rod and bar Rod and bar Rod and bar Rod and bar Rod and bar Rod and bar Rod and bar Rod and bar Rod and bar Fuse clips, switch parts, electrical connectors

13 13 13 13 45 45 45 45 49 49 49 49 49 49 66

26.1 min,d 27.8 min,d 11.6 to 17.4 t,d 26.1 to 34.8 t,d 11.6 to 17.4 t,d 27.8 to 34.8 t,d 22 u,d 19 to 21 t,d 23 to 29 t,d 12 to 17 t,d

45 min 48 min 20 to 30 t 45 to 60 t 20 to 30 t 48 to 60 t 38 u 32 to 37 t 40 to 50 t 20 to 30 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Fuse clips, switch parts, electrical connectors Fuse clips, switch parts, electrical connectors Rod, bar Rod, bar Rod, bar Rod, bar

66 66 13 13 13 13 66 15 15 15

Billet Billet Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

High Conductivity Materials / 27

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Copper, Wrought, Beryllium Copper C17600-Precipitation hardened (C17600) C17600-TB00 (C17600) C17600-TB00 (C17600) C17600-TB00 (C17600) C17600-TF00 (C17600) C17600-TF00 (C17600) C17600-TF00 (C17600) C17600-TH04 (C17600)

28 u,d

48 u

20

68

12 to 17 t,d 12 to 17 t,d 13 to 16 t,d 29 to 35 t,d 26 to 35 t,d 29 to 35 t,d 29 to 35 t,d

20 to 30 t 20 to 30 t 22 to 28 t 50 to 60 t 45 to 60 t 50 to 60 t 50 to 60 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Forging Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Billet Forging Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes Billet Rod, bar, plate, tubing, all sizes

15 15 15 15 15 15 15

Copper, Wrought, Brass Bridgeport 54-Annealed Bridgeport 77-Annealed Anaconda 210-Annealed (C21000) C21000 (C21000) Anaconda 220-Annealed (C22000) C22000 (C22000) C22000 (C22000) Anaconda 230-Soft annealed (C23000) C23000 (C23000) C23000 (C23000) C24000 (C24000) C24000-O61 (C24000) Anaconda 260-Annealed (C26000) C26000 (C26000) C26000-Hardened by rolling (C26000) C26000-O61 (C26000) Anaconda 268-Annealed (C26800) Anaconda 280-Annealed (C28000)

13 u,d 16 u,d 32 u,d 11.6 t,d 24.9 u,d 29 t,d 25.5 t,d 21 u,d 32.5 t,d 21.5 t,d 25.5 t,d 18.6 t,d 16 u,d 21.5 t,d 16 u,d 16.2 t,d 15 u,d 16.5 u,d

23 u 28 u 56 u 20 t 43.0 u 50 t 44 t 37 u 56 t 37 t 44 t 32 t 28 u 37 t 28 u 28 t 26 u 28.4 u

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Tube Tube and pipe Electrical equipment and connectors

66 66 66 59 66 59 15 66 59 15 59 15 66 59 17 15 66 66

23.20 min,d

40.00 min

20

68

78

31.90 min,d

55.00 min

20

68

78

46.40 min,d

80.00 min

20

68

78

6.96 u,d 8.7 u,d 23 min,d

12.0 u 20 15 u 20 40 min,as spec 20

68 68 68

Extrusion and forging FM-103 Magnatester Cable shielding

66 12 51

90 approx 96.16 min

20 20

68 68

Ingot, billet, forging 1.024 mm (0.0403 in.) <= d < 08.255 mm (0.325 in.) 8.255 mm (0.325 in.) <= d < 11.684 mm (0.460 in.) Electrolytic cathode

66 75

1.024 mm (0.0403 in.) <= d < 08.255 mm (0.325 in.)

76

Copper, Wrought, Bronze ASTM B9 Bronze Trolly Wire Alloy 40 ASTM B9 Bronze Trolly Wire Alloy 55 ASTM B9 Bronze Trolly Wire Alloy 80 Bohnolloy R-57-Annealed Bronze (5% Sn) ASTM B624 C22000 (C22000)

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper Ampcoloy 910-Annealed 52 approx,d ASTM B1 Hard-Drawn Copper Wire 55.77 min,d ASTM B1 Hard-Drawn Copper Wire

56.35 min,d

97.16 min

20

68

ASTM B115 Grade 2

58.00 min,d

20

68

ASTM B2 Medium-HardDrawn Copper Wire

56.06 min,d

100.0 min,as spec 96.66 min

20

68

65

Sheet, strip, plate, wire, rod, bar, and tube Annealed Cable grips, connectors Annealed

Lamp sockets Electrical connector Clips, lamp sockets Muntz metal, sheet, extruded shapes, plate, rod, bar, and tube

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

75 31

28 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B2 Medium-HardDrawn 56.64 min,d Copper Wire ASTM B272-H04 56.35 min,d

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

97.66 min

20

68

97.16 min,as spec 100.00 min,as spec 100.00 min

20

Reference

76

68

8.255 mm (0.325 in.) <= d < 11.684 mm (0.460 in.) Flat wire, strip

20

68

Flat wire, strip

38

20

68 68

54.03 min,d

939.51 max,as 20 spec 93.15 min 20

68

54.61 min,d

94.16 min

20

68

55.77 min,d

96.16 min

20

68

56.64 min,d

97.66 min

20

68

ASTM B272-O61

58.000 min,d

ASTM B3 Soft or Annealed Copper Wire ASTM B33 Tinned Soft or Annealed Copper Wire ASTM B33 Tinned Soft or Annealed Copper Wire ASTM B33 Tinned Soft or Annealed Copper Wire ASTM B33 Tinned Soft or Annealed Copper Wire ASTM B33 Tinned Soft or Annealed Copper Wire ASTM B33 Tinned Soft or Annealed Copper Wire ASTM B451

58.000 min,d

56.35 min,d

97.16 min

20

68

54.35 min,d

20

ASTM B451

55.77 min,d

ASTM B47 Copper Trolly Wire ASTM B47 Copper Trolly Wire

56.35 min,d 0.15775 max

CDA Copper 109-Annealed

58 min,d

93.70 min,as spec 96.16 min,as spec 97.16 min 900.77 max,as spec 100 min

Chase 14310-Annealed Chase Tellurium Copper-Annealed ASTM B152 C10100-Hxx (C10100)

49 min,d 52 u,d 56.93 min,d

ASTM B152 C10100-O60 (C10100)

58.58 min,d

ASTM B170 Grade 1 (C10100)

58.6 min,d

ASTM B187 C10100-O60 (C10100) ASTM B188 C10100-O60 (C10100) ASTM B188 C10100-O60 (C10100) ASTM B447 C10100-H58 (C10100)

58.58 min,d 58.58 min,d 56.03 min,d 56.93 min,d

ASTM B447 C10100-O61 (C10100)

58.58 min,d

ASTM B49 C10100 (C10100)

58.58 max,as spec 56.93 min,d 56.93 min,d 56.93 min,d 58.58 min,d 58.58 min,d 58.58 min,d

ASTM B75 C10100-H55 (C10100) ASTM B75 C10100-H58 (C10100) ASTM B75 C10100-H80 (C10100) ASTM B75 C10100-O50 (C10100) ASTM B75 C10100-O60 (C10100) ASTM F68 (C10100)

Notes

0.16454 max

85 min 90 u 98.16 min,as spec 101.00 min,as spec 101 min,as spec 101.0 min,c 101.0 min,c 96.60 min,c 98.16 min,as spec 101.00 min,as spec 101.00 min,as spec 98.16 min,c 98.16 min,c 98.16 min,c 101.00 min,c 101.00 min,c 101.0 min,as spec

38

77 79

68

0.076 mm (0.0030 in.) <= d < 0.282 mm (0.0111 in.) 0.076 mm (0.0030 in.) <= d < 0.282 mm (0.0111 in.) 0.282 mm (0.0111 in.) <= d < 0.511 mm (0.0201 in.) 0.511 mm (0.0201 in.) <= d < 2.616 mm (0.103 in.) 7.366 mm (0.290 in.) <= d < 11.684 mm (0.460 in.) 2.616 mm (0.103 in.) <= d < 7.366 mm (0.290 in.) 1/2 oz/ft**2

20

68

All weights except 1/2 oz/ft**2

47

20 20

68 68

20

68

20 20 20

79 79 79 79 79 47

80 80

68 68 68

Bus bars, conductors cable shielding, waveguides, heatsinks, lead frames Strip and sheet Rod, bar, wire, and extruded shapes Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar

66 66 33

20

68

Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar

33

20

68

34

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

Oxygen free electrolytic wire bars, billets, and cakes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.) Welded tube

36 37 37 46

20

68

Welded tube

46

20

68

Redraw rod, OFE. Test to ASTM B 193

25

20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68

Seamless tube Seamless tube Seamless tube Seamless tube Seamless tube For electron devices

30 30 30 30 30 53

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

66

High Conductivity Materials / 29

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B152 C10200-Hxx (C10200) 56.35 min,d

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

ASTM B152 C10200-O60 (C10200)

58.000 min,d

ASTM B170 Grade 2 (C10200)

58 min,d

ASTM B187 C10200-H04 (C10200)

56.49 min,d

97.16 min,as spec 100.00 min,as spec 100 min,as spec 97.40 min,c

20

68

Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar

33

20

68

Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar

33

20

68

ASTM B187 C10200-H04 (C10200)

57.07 min,d

98.40 min,c

20

68

ASTM B187 C10200-O60 (C10200) ASTM B188 C10200-H80 (C10200)

58.00 min,d 56.03 min,d

100.0 min,c 96.60 min,c

20 20

68 68

ASTM B188 C10200-H80 (C10200)

56.72 min,d

97.80 min,c

20

68

ASTM B188 C10200-H80 (C10200) ASTM B188 C10200-H80 (C10200)

56.49 min,d 56.49 min,d

97.40 min,c 97.40 min,c

20 20

68 68

ASTM B188 C10200-H80 (C10200) ASTM B188 C10200-O60 (C10200) ASTM B372 C10200 (C10200)

57.07 min,d 58.00 min,d 56.49 min,d

20 20 20

68 68 68

ASTM B447 C10200-H58 (C10200)

56.49 min,d

20

68

Welded tube

46

ASTM B447 C10200-O61 (C10200)

58.000 min,d

20

68

Welded tube

46

ASTM B49 C10200 (C10200)

20

68

Redraw rod, OF. Test to ASTM B 193

25

ASTM B75 C10200-H55 (C10200) ASTM B75 C10200-H58 (C10200) ASTM B75 C10200-H80 (C10200) ASTM B75 C10200-O50 (C10200) ASTM B75 C10200-O60 (C10200) C10200, bare-H00 (C10200) C10200, tinned-H04 (C10200) C10200, tinned-O61 (C10200) C10200, tinned-O61 (C10200) OFCA (C10200) ASTM B187 C10300-H04 (C10300) ASTM B187 C10300-O60 (C10300) ASTM B188 C10300-H80 (C10300) ASTM B188 C10300-O60 (C10300) ASTM B372 C10300 (C10300)

58.000 max,as spec 56.49 min,d 56.49 min,d 56.49 min,d 58.000 min,d 58.000 min,d 58.6 t,d 57 t,d 57 t,d 58.6 t,d 58.6 t,d 56.93 min,d 56.93 min,d 55.77 min,d 56.93 min,d 55.77 min,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Seamless tube Seamless tube Seamless tube Seamless tube Seamless tube Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.50 mm (0.02 in.) Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.50 mm (0.02 in.) Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes Seamless waveguide tube

30 30 30 30 30 14 14 14 14 59 36 36 37 37 40

ASTM B379 C10300 (C10300)

56.93 min,d

20

68

Phosphorized shapes

41

ASTM B447 C10300-H58 (C10300)

55.77 min,d

20

68

Welded tube

46

ASTM B447 C10300-O61 (C10300)

56.93 min,d

20

68

Welded tube

46

ASTM B75 C10300-H55 (C10300)

55.77 min,d

98.40 min,c 100.0 min,c 97.40 min,if spec 97.40 min,as spec 100.00 min,as spec 100.00 min,as spec 97.40 min,c 97.40 min,c 97.40 min,c 100.00 min,c 100.00 min,c 101 t 99 t 99 t 101 t 101 t 98.16 min,c 98.16 min,c 96.16 min,c 98.16 min,c 96.16 min,if spec 98.16 min,as spec 96.16 min,as spec 98.16 min,as spec 96.16 min,c

Oxygen free electrolytic wire bars, billets, and cakes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.) Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes Seamless waveguide tube

34

20

68

37 37 40

20

68

Seamless tube

30

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

36

36

36 37 37 37 37

30 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B75 C10300-H58 (C10300) 55.77 min,d ASTM B75 C10300-H80 (C10300) 55.77 min,d ASTM B75 C10300-O50 (C10300) 56.93 min,d ASTM B75 C10300-O60 (C10300) 56.93 min,d ASTM B187 C10400-H04 (C10400) 56.49 min,d

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

96.16 min,c 96.16 min,c 98.16 min,c 98.16 min,c 97.40 min,c

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

ASTM B187 C10400-H04 (C10400)

57.07 min,d

98.40 min,c

20

68

ASTM B187 C10400-O60 (C10400) ASTM B188 C10400-H80 (C10400)

58.00 min,d 56.72 min,d

100.0 min,c 97.80 min,c

20 20

68 68

ASTM B188 C10400-H80 (C10400)

56.03 min,d

96.60 min,c

20

68

ASTM B188 C10400-H80 (C10400) ASTM B188 C10400-H80 (C10400)

57.07 min,d 56.49 min,d

98.40 min,c 97.40 min,c

20 20

68 68

ASTM B188 C10400-H80 (C10400) ASTM B188 C10400-O60 (C10400) ASTM B187 C10500-H04 (C10500)

56.49 min,d 58.00 min,d 56.49 min,d

97.40 min,c 100.0 min,c 97.40 min,c

20 20 20

68 68 68

ASTM B187 C10500-H04 (C10500)

57.07 min,d

98.40 min,c

20

68

ASTM B187 C10500-O60 (C10500) ASTM B188 C10500-H80 (C10500)

58.00 min,d 56.72 min,d

100.0 min,c 97.80 min,c

20 20

68 68

ASTM B188 C10500-H80 (C10500)

56.03 min,d

96.60 min,c

20

68

ASTM B188 C10500-H80 (C10500) ASTM B188 C10500-H80 (C10500)

57.07 min,d 56.49 min,d

98.40 min,c 97.40 min,c

20 20

68 68

ASTM B188 C10500-H80 (C10500) ASTM B188 C10500-O60 (C10500) ASTM B187 C10700-H04 (C10700)

56.49 min,d 58.00 min,d 56.49 min,d

97.40 min,c 100.0 min,c 97.40 min,c

20 20 20

68 68 68

ASTM B187 C10700-H04 (C10700)

57.07 min,d

98.40 min,c

20

68

ASTM B187 C10700-O60 (C10700) ASTM B188 C10700-H80 (C10700)

58.00 min,d 56.03 min,d

100.0 min,c 96.60 min,c

20 20

68 68

ASTM B188 C10700-H80 (C10700) ASTM B188 C10700-H80 (C10700)

57.07 min,d 56.72 min,d

98.40 min,c 97.80 min,c

20 20

68 68

ASTM B188 C10700-H80 (C10700) ASTM B188 C10700-H80 (C10700)

56.49 min,d 56.49 min,d

97.40 min,c 97.40 min,c

20 20

68 68

ASTM B188 C10700-O60 (C10700) ASTM B379 C10800 (C10800)

58.00 min,d 52 min,d

100.0 min,c 20 90 min,as spec 20

68 68

Notes

Reference

Seamless tube Seamless tube Seamless tube Seamless tube Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes Phosphorized shapes

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

30 30 30 30 36

36

36 37 37 37 37 37 37 36

36

36 37 37 37 37 37 37 36

36

36 37 37 37 37 37 37 41

High Conductivity Materials / 31

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B187 C10920-H04 (C10920) 56.49 min,d

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

97.40 min,c

20

68

Notes

Reference

ASTM B187 C10920-H04 (C10920)

57.07 min,d

98.40 min,c

20

68

ASTM B187 C10920-O60 (C10920) ASTM B188 C11000-H80 (C10920) ASTM B188 C11000-H80 (C10920)

58.00 min,d 57.07 min,d 56.72 min,d

100.0 min,c 98.40 min,c 97.80 min,c

20 20 20

68 68 68

ASTM B188 C11000-H80 (C10920)

56.03 min,d

96.60 min,c

20

68

ASTM B188 C11000-H80 (C10920)

56.49 min,d

97.40 min,c

20

68

ASTM B188 C11000-H80 (C10920) ASTM B188 C11000-O60 (C10920) ASTM B187 C10930-H04 (C10930)

56.49 min,d 58.00 min,d 56.49 min,d

97.40 min,c 100.0 min,c 97.40 min,c

20 20 20

68 68 68

ASTM B187 C10930-H04 (C10930)

57.07 min,d

98.40 min,c

20

68

ASTM B187 C10930-O60 (C10930) ASTM B188 C11300-H80 (C10930) ASTM B188 C11300-H80 (C10930)

58.00 min,d 57.07 min,d 56.49 min,d

100.0 min,c 98.40 min,c 97.40 min,c

20 20 20

68 68 68

ASTM B188 C11300-H80 (C10930) ASTM B188 C11300-H80 (C10930)

56.49 min,d 56.03 min,d

97.40 min,c 96.60 min,c

20 20

68 68

ASTM B188 C11300-H80 (C10930)

56.72 min,d

97.80 min,c

20

68

ASTM B188 C11300-O60 (C10930) ASTM B187 C10940-H04 (C10940)

58.00 min,d 57.07 min,d

100.0 min,c 98.40 min,c

20 20

68 68

ASTM B187 C10940-H04 (C10940)

56.49 min,d

97.40 min,c

20

68

ASTM B187 C10940-O60 (C10940) ASTM B188 C11400-H80 (C10940) ASTM B188 C11400-H80 (C10940)

58.00 min,d 56.49 min,d 56.49 min,d

100.0 min,c 97.40 min,c 97.40 min,c

20 20 20

68 68 68

ASTM B188 C11400-H80 (C10940) ASTM B188 C11400-H80 (C10940)

57.07 min,d 56.03 min,d

98.40 min,c 96.60 min,c

20 20

68 68

ASTM B188 C11400-H80 (C10940)

56.72 min,d

97.80 min,c

20

68

ASTM B188 C11400-O60 (C10940) ASTM B152 C11000-Hxx (C11000)

58.00 min,d 56.35 min,d

20 20

68 68

ASTM B152 C11000-O60 (C11000)

58.000 min,d

100.0 min,c 97.16 min,as spec 100.00 min,as spec

Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar

20

68

Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

36

36

36 37 37 37 37 37 37 36

36

36 37 37 37 37 37 37 36

36

36 37 37 37 37 37 37 33 33

32 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B187 C11000-H04 (C11000) 57.07 min,d

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

20

68

Reference

ASTM B187 C11000-H04 (C11000)

56.49 min,d

97.40 min,c

20

68

ASTM B187 C11000-O60 (C11000) ASTM B188 C11600-H80 (C11000) ASTM B188 C11600-H80 (C11000)

58.00 min,d 56.49 min,d 56.72 min,d

100.0 min,c 97.40 min,c 97.80 min,c

20 20 20

68 68 68

ASTM B188 C11600-H80 (C11000)

56.49 min,d

97.40 min,c

20

68

ASTM B188 C11600-H80 (C11000)

56.03 min,d

96.60 min,c

20

68

ASTM B188 C11600-H80 (C11000) ASTM B188 C11600-O60 (C11000) ASTM B447 C11000-H58 (C11000)

57.07 min,d 58.00 min,d 56.35 min,d

20 20 20

68 68 68

ASTM B447 C11000-O61 (C11000)

58.000 min,d

20

68

Welded tube

46

ASTM B49 C11000 (C11000)

20

68

Redraw rod, ETP. Test to ASTM B 193

25

ASTM B5 ETP (C11000)

58.000 max,as spec 58.00 min,d

20

68

56.64 min,d

20

68

ASTM B5 ETP (C11000)

56.64 min,d

20

68

Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for electical use. Test to ASTM B 193 Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for nonelectical use. Test to ASTM B 193 Ingots, ingot bars. Test to ASTM B 193

23

ASTM B5 ETP (C11000)

23

ASTM B624 C11000 (C11000)

58.000 min,d

20

68

Cable shielding

51

C11000, Ag plated-O61 (C11000) C11000, bare-O61 (C11000) C11000, tinned-O61 (C11000) C11000, tinned-O61 (C11000) ETP (C11000) ASTM B5 FRHC (C11020)

58.6 t,d 58.6 t,d 58.6 t,d 57 t,d 58 t,d 56.64 min,d

20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68

Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.50 mm (0.02 in.) Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.50 mm (0.02 in.) Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.50 mm (0.02 in.) Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.25 mm (0.01 in.)

14 14 14 14 59 23

ASTM B5 FRHC (C11020)

56.64 min,d

20

68

58.00 min,d

20

68

ASTM B623 FRHC (C11020)

56.64 min,d

20

68

Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for nonelectical use. Test to ASTM B 193 Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for electical use. Test to ASTM B 193 For nonelectrical use

23

ASTM B5 FRHC (C11020)

ASTM B623 FRHC (C11020)

56.64 min,d

20

68

Ingot, ingot bars

50

ASTM B623 FRHC (C11020)

58.00 min,d

20

68

Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for electical use

50

ASTM B49 C11040 (C11040)

58.000 max,as spec 57.07 min,d

98.40 min,c 100.0 min,c 97.16 min,as spec 100.00 min,as spec 100.00 min,as spec 100.0 min,as spec 97.66 min,as spec 97.66 min,as spec 100.00 min,as spec 101 t 101 t 101 t 99 t 100 t 97.66 min,as spec 97.66 min,as spec 100.0 min,as spec 97.66 min,as spec 97.66 min,as spec 100.0 min,as spec 100.00 min,as spec 98.40 min,c

Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.) Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.) Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes Welded tube

20

68

Redraw rod, ETP. Test to ASTM B 193

25

20

68

Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes

36

ASTM B187 C11300-H04 (C11300)

98.40 min,c

Notes

Ingots, ingot bars. Test to ASTM B 193

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

36

36

36 37 37 37 37 37 37 46

23

23 50

High Conductivity Materials / 33

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B187 C11300-H04 (C11300) 56.49 min,d

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

97.40 min,c

20

68

Notes

Reference

ASTM B187 C11300-O60 (C11300) ASTM B188 C12000-H80 (C11300) ASTM B188 C12000-O60 (C11300) ASTM B187 C11400-H04 (C11400)

58.00 min,d 51.04 min,d 52.2 min,d 56.49 min,d

100.0 min,c 88.0 min,c 90.0 min,c 97.40 min,c

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

ASTM B187 C11400-H04 (C11400)

57.07 min,d

98.40 min,c

20

68

ASTM B187 C11400-O60 (C11400) ASTM B187 C11500-H04 (C11500)

58.00 min,d 56.49 min,d

100.0 min,c 97.40 min,c

20 20

68 68

ASTM B187 C11500-H04 (C11500)

57.07 min,d

98.40 min,c

20

68

ASTM B187 C11500-O60 (C11500) ASTM B187 C11600-H04 (C11600)

58.00 min,d 56.49 min,d

100.0 min,c 97.40 min,c

20

68

ASTM B187 C11600-H04 (C11600)

57.07 min,d

98.40 min,c

20

68

ASTM B187 C11600-O60 (C11600) C11600-H00 (C11600) ASTM B152 C12000-Hxx (C12000) ASTM B152 C12000-Oxx (C12000) ASTM B372 C12000 (C12000) ASTM B447 C12000-H58 (C12000)

58.00 min,d 57 t,d 51 min,d 52 min,d 51 min,d 51.04 min,d

20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68

ASTM B447 C12000-O61 (C12000)

52.20 min,d

20

68

Welded tube

46

ASTM B75 C12000-H55 (C12000) ASTM B75 C12000-H58 (C12000) ASTM B75 C12000-H80 (C12000) ASTM B75 C12000-O50 (C12000) ASTM B75 C12000-O60 (C12000) C12000, tinned-O61 (C12000) Anaconda 122-Annealed (C12200)

51 min,d 51 min,d 51 min,d 52 min,d 52 min,d 57 t,d 49 u,d

100.0 min,c 98 t 88 min,as spec 90 min,as spec 88 min,if spec 88.00 min,as spec 90.00 min,as spec 88 min,c 88 min,c 88 min,c 90 min,c 90 min,c 98 t 85 u

Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes Bar, bus bar, rod, shps Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.50 mm (0.02 in.) Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar Seamless waveguide tube Welded tube

20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68

30 30 30 30 30 14 66

C13400-H00 (C13400) C13400, tinned-H00 (C13400) C13700, tinned-H00 (C13700) ASTM B301 C14500 (C14500)

57 t,d 57 t,d 57 t,d 49.3 min,d

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

ASTM B301 C14520 (C14520)

43.5 min,d

20

68

Free-cutting rod and bar

39

C14530 (C14530) ASTM B301 C14700 (C14700)

56 t,d 52.2 min,d

98 t 98 t 99 t 85.0 min,as spec 75.0 min,as spec 96 t 90.0 min,as spec

Seamless tube Seamless tube Seamless tube Seamless tube Seamless tube Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) Sheet, strip, plate, wire, rod, bar, pipe, tube, extruded shapes and wrought plating anodes Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.50 mm (0.02 in.) Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) Free-cutting rod and bar

20 20

68 68

Free-cutting rod and bar

59 39

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

36

36 37 37 36

36

36 36

36

36 36

36

36 14 33 33 40 46

14 14 14 39

34 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper C15000-Precipitation hardened 50 to 55 u,d (C15000) C15000, tinned-H00 (C15000) 54 t,d C15000, tinned-H04 (C15000) 52 t,d C15100 (C15100) 55 min,d ZHC (C15100) 55 t,d C15500 (C15500) 49.9 t,d C15500 (C15500) 50 min,d CR 155-Precipitation heat treated 55 u,d (C15500) C15500, bare-H00 (C15511) 54.4 t,d Anaconda 182-Age hardened 46 u,d (C18200) Anaconda 182-Solution annealed 23 u,d (C18200) Copper, Wrought, Copper Nickel Bridgeport 520-Soft CDA 710 Copper No. 774 Cunife II Dickalloy-Precipitation hardened ASTM B422 C70250-TM00 (C70250) ASTM B422 C70250-TM02 (C70250) ASTM B422 C70250-TM03 (C70250) ASTM B422 C70250-TR02 (C70250) C70250 (C70250) C70250 (C70250) C70250 (C70250) C70260 (C70260) Anaconda 706-Annealed (C70600) Carlson 90 10 CuNi (C70600) ASTM B624 C71000 (C71000) C71500 (C71500) C71900-Spinodal-hardened (C71900) C71900-Spinodal-hardened (C71900) ASTM B422 C72400 (C72400) C72500 (C72500) C72500-Hardened by rolling (C72500) C72650 (C72650) C72650 (C72650) C72700-Spinodal mill hardened (C72700) C72800-Spinodal heat treated (C72800) C72900-Spinodal as rolled (C72900) C72900-Spinodal mill hardened (C72900) C72900-Spinodal mill hardened (C72900) C72900-Spinodal-hardened (C72900)

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

87 to 95 u

20

68

65

93 t 90 t 95 min 95 t 86 t 86 min 94 u

20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68

93.8 t 80 u

20 20

68 68

40 u

20

68

4 u,d 3.8 u,d 6 u,d 5.3 u,d 11.6 to 14.5 u,d 23 fio 23 fio 20 fio 23 fio 23 min,d 20.3 t,d 23 min,d 20.3 t,d 5 u,d 5.23 u,d 3 min,d 2.7 t,d 2.3 u,d 2.55 t,d 6 fio 6.4 t,d 6.4 u,d 8.1 to 8.7 u,d 8.1 to 8.7 u,d 5.8 to 9.3 u,d

6.5 u 6.5 u 10 u 9.2 u 20 to 25 u 40 fio 40 fio 35 fio 40 fio 40 min 35 t 40 min 35 t 9.2 u 9.02 u,d 6 min,as spec 4.6 t 4u 4.4 t 10 fio 11 t 11 u 14 to 15 u 14 to 15 u 10 to 16 u

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

6.26 u,d

10.8 u

20

68

4.5 t,d 4.5 t,d

7.8 t 7.8 t

20 20

68 68

59 59

4.5 t,d

7.8 t

20

68

89

4.5 t,d

7.8 t

20

68

59

Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) Lead frame alloy

Lead frame alloy Electric motor commutators, heat-sink washers, hookup wire Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.50 mm (0.02 in.) Resistance welding electrodes, seam welding wheels, cable connectors, current carrying shafts Resistance welding electrodes, seam welding wheels, cable connectors, current carrying shafts Tube, wire, and strip Bar, rod, tube, pipe, plated, sheet, strip, and wire Bar, rod, extrusion, forging Wire and strip Strip for electronic switches Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Lead frame alloy Connector Connector Sheet, strip, plate, tube, rod, and bar Plate Cable shielding

Sheet and strip, obsolete Electrical connector Electrical contact springs Electrical contact springs Electrical contact springs Bar, rod, strip, sheet, pipe, plate, tube, extrusions, wire, forging

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

14 14 20 59 59 20 66 14 66 66

66 66 66 66 66 44 44 44 44 20 59 89 59 66 66 51 59 65 15 44 59 17 66 89 89 66

High Conductivity Materials / 35

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number) Copper, Wrought, Copper Nickel C72900-Spinodal-hardened (C72900)

10

6

S/m

Notes

Reference

7.8 u

20

68

Copper, Wrought, Copper Silicon Tin C65400-Hardened by rolling (C65400) 4 u,d

7u

20

68

Electrical connector

17

Copper, Wrought, Copper Zinc 15Zn 20Zn 35Zn 35Zn Alcoloy 688-Light annealed Alcoloy 688-Soft annealed Alcoloy 688-Spring temper Ambraloy 687-Annealed Anaconda 226-Annealed Brimcolloy 100 Brimcolloy 200 Brimcolloy 300 Chamet Bronze Type A-Annealed Chamet Bronze Type B-Annealed Chase 69000-Annealed

21.5 u,d 18.6 u,d 15.7 u,d 15.7 u,d 10.4 u,d 11.3 u,d 9.63 u,d 13.1 to 13.3 u,d 23 u,d 16 u,d 15 u,d 14 u,d 15 u,d 15 u,d 10.4 u,d

37 u 32 u 27 u 27 u 17.9 u 19.4 u 16.6 u 22.6 to 23 u 40 u 27 u 26 u 24 u 26 u 26 u 18 u

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

65 65 65 12 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66

17 min,d 17 min,d 7.5 t,d 9.63 t,d 10 t,d

30 min,as spec 30 min,as spec 13 t 16.6 t 18 t

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

Contact material Contact material Contact material Contact material. FM-103 Magnatester Sheet, strip, welded tube Sheet, strip, welded tube Sheet, strip, welded tube Tube Sheet, strip, plate and wire Strip Strip Strip Wire Drawn bar and rod Bellows connectors, circuit breakers, clips, springs, wiring devices Cable shielding Cable shielding

52 min,d 52 min,d 52 min,d 52 min,d 52 min,d 52 min,d 55 min,d

90 min,as spec 90 min,as spec 90 min,as spec 90 min,as spec 90 min,as spec 90 min,as spec 95 min,as spec

20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip

52 52 52 52 52 52 52

49 min,d 38 u,d

85 min 65 u

20 20

68 68

20 66

49 t,d 49 t,d 49 t,d 24 to 28 u,d

85 t 85 t 85 t 42 to 48 u

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

Lead frame alloy Electrical components such as springs, contacts, connections, terminals, transistor bases, lead frames Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.50 mm (0.02 in.) Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) Stressed relaxed wire, d = 0.25 mm (0.01 in.)

46 u,d

80 u

20

68

65

46 u,d

80 u

20

68

65

ASTM B624 C66400 (C66400) ASTM B624 C66410 (C66410) C68800 (C68800) C68800-H08 (C68800) C68800-O61 (C68800) Copper, Wrought, Copper Zirconium ASTM B747 C15100-H01 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H02 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H03 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H04 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H06 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H08 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-OS015 (C15100) Copper, Wrought, High Copper CCZ Copper No. 194-Annealed

C16200-H04 (C16200) C16200, tinned-H00 (C16200) C16200, tinned-H04 (C16200) C18000-Precipitation hardened (C18000) C18200-Precipitation hardened (C18200) C18400-Precipitation hardened (C18400)

4.5 u,d

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

17

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

51 51 59 15 15

14 14 14 65

36 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number) Copper, Wrought, High Copper C18500-Precipitation hardened (C18500) ASTM B301 C18700 (C18700) C19010 (C19010) Wellman Alloy 1915A-TB00 (C19150) Wellman Alloy 1915AT-TF00 (C19150) Wellman Alloy 1915H-TD04 (C19150) Wellman Alloy 1915HT-TH04 (C19150) ASTM B465 C19200-H01 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H02 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H03 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H04 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H06 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H08 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H10 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H14 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-O50 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-O60 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-O61 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-O62 (C19200) C19210 (C19210) ASTM B465 C19400-H01 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H02 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H03 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H04 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H06 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H08 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H10 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H14 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-O50 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-O60 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-O61 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-O62 (C19400) ASTM B624 C19400 (C19400) C19400 (C19400) C19400 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19500-H01 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H02 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H03 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H04 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H06 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H08 (C19500)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

46 u,d

80 u

20

68

65

52.2 min,d

20

68

Free-cutting rod and bar

39

35 min,d 31.9 t,d 31.9 t,d

90.0 min,as spec 60 min 55 t 55 t

20 20 20

68 68 68

Lead frame alloy Rod, bar Rod, bar

20 13 13

31.9 t,d

55 t

20

68

Rod, bar

13

31.9 t,d

55 t

20

68

Rod, bar

13

35 min,d 35 min,d 35 min,d 35 min,d 35 min,d 35 min,d 35 min,d 35 min,d 38 min,d 38 min,d 38 min,d 38 min,d 49 min,d 35 min,d 35 min,d 35 min,d 35 min,d 35 min,d 35 min,d 35 min,d 35 min,d 37.7 to 43.5 min,d 37.7 to 43.5 min,d 37.7 to 43.5 min,d 37.7 to 43.5 min,d 35 min,d 34.8 t,d 38 min,d 26 min,d 26 min,d 26 min,d 26 min,d 26 min,d 26 min,d

60 min as spec 60 min as spec 60 min as spec 60 min as spec 60 min as spec 60 min as spec 60 min as spec 60 min as spec 65 min as spec 65 min as spec 65 min as spec 65 min as spec 85 min 60 min as spec 60 min as spec 60 min as spec 60 min as spec 60 min as spec 60 min as spec 60 min as spec 60 min as spec 65 to 75 as spec 65 to 75 as spec 65 to 75 as spec 65 to 75 as spec 60 min,as spec 60 t 65 min 45 min as spec 45 min as spec 45 min as spec 45 min as spec 45 min as spec 45 min as spec

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Lead frame alloy Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 20 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Cable shielding

51 59 20 48 48 48 48 48 48

Lead frame alloy Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

High Conductivity Materials / 37

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Copper, Wrought, High Copper ASTM B465 C19500-H10 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H14 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-O50 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-O60 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-O61 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-O62 (C19500) C19500 (C19500) C19500 (C19500) C19700 (C19700) C19700 (C19700)

26 min,d 26 min,d 29 min,d 29 min,d 29 min,d 29 min,d 29.0 t,d 29 min,d 46 t,d 46 min,d

45 min as spec 45 min as spec 50 min as spec 50 min as spec 50 min as spec 50 min as spec 50 t 50 min 80 t 80 min

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

Copper, Wrought, Leaded Brass Copper No. 385-Annealed Anaconda 330-Annealed (C33000) Anaconda 360-Annealed (C36000) C37700 (C37700)

16 u,d 15 u,d 15 u,d 15.7 t,d

28 u 26 u 26 u 27 t

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

Rod, shape, extrusion, and forging Tube Wire, rod, bar, and extruded shapes

66 66 66 15

Copper, Wrought, Leaded Copper Anaconda 1870-Annealed Brush 1915 (C19150)

56 nom,d 31.9 u

96 nom 55 u

20 20

68 68

Current carrying studs, connectors, solder tips Machined electrical contact

66 66

Copper, Wrought, Nickel Silver C73500 (C73500) C75200 (C75200) C76200 (C76200) C77000 (C77000)

5.8 t,d 10.4 t,d 4.6 t,d 3.5 t,d

10 t 18 t 8t 6t

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

Copper, Wrought, Phosphor Bronze 1.25Sn + P 5Sn + P 8Sn + P Anaconda (A) 5090-Annealed Anaconda (A) 510-Annealed Anaconda (C) 521-Annealed CDA Alloy 544 Chase 444 Bronze-Annealed Anaconda (E) 505-Annealed (C50500) WRM 5058 (C50580) C50710 (C50710) C50715 (C50715) Brush Phosphor Bronze (C51000) C51000 (C51000) C51000-Hardened by rolling (C51000) C51100 (C51100) C51900 (C51900) C52100 (C52100)

28 u,d 10.4 u,d 7.5 u,d 12 u,d 8.7 u,d 7.0 u,d 10 u,d 10.4 u,d 25 u,d 23.8 u,d 17 min,d 20.3 min,d 8.7 u,d 16.2 t,d 8.7 u,d 16.2 t,d 8.7 t,d 12 t,d

48 u 18 u 13 u 20 u 15 u 12 u 17 u 18 u 43 u 41 u 30 min 35 min 15 u 28 t 15 u 28 t 15 t 20 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Contact material Contact material Contact material Electrical terminals Bar, rod, sheet, strip, plate, wire, and tube Heavy duty springs Rod, bar, rolled flat products, strip, wire Rod, strip, rolled flat products Sheet, strip, tube Lead frames, contact springs, fuse clips Lead frame alloy Lead frame alloy Electronic and precision instrument parts

25.5 to 15.1 range,d 25.5 to 15.1 range,d

44 to 26 range spec 44 to 26 range spec

20

68

Rod and bar

42

20

68

Wire

43

Copper, Wrought, Silicon Bronze ASTM B411 C64700-TF00 (C64700) ASTM B412 C64700 (C64700)

Lead frame alloy Lead frame alloy

48 48 48 48 48 48 59 20 59 20

59 59 59 59

Electrical connector

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

65 65 65 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 20 20 66 59 17 59 59 59

38 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

Copper, Wrought, Sintered Powder Metal C15715-Annealed (C15715) 53.76 u,d

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

92.68 u,d

20

68

54 u

92 u

20

68

51.6 u

89 u

20

68

45.26 u,d 45 u,d

78.04 u,d 78 u

20 20

68 68

Copper, Wrought, Tin Brass Olin C663 C42200-Annealed (C42200) C42500-Hardened by rolling (C42500) TMI Luballoy X (C42500) Anaconda 443-Annealed (C44300)

14.5 u,d 18 u,d 16 u,d 19 t,d 15 u,d

25 u 31 u 28 u 32 t 25 u

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

Connectors, dispersion/solution strengthened Flats for fuse clips, contact springs, connectors Electrical connector

Copper, Wrought, Unclassified 0.04 oxide Berylco 10-52 CMW 3

58.0 u,d 12 min,d 49 t,d

100 u 20 min 85 t

20 20 20

68 68 68

Contact material Rod, welding rod, electrical connectors Cu-Cr, forging minor dim <= 19 mm (0.75 in.). Forging minor dim <= 19 mm (0.75 in.)

Noble, Gold, Commercially Pure Gold CMW Pure Gold 42 t,d

73 t

20

68

58

Noble, Gold, Electrical Contact 41.7Au32.5Cu18.8Ni7Zn 69Au25Ag6Pt 72.5Au14Cu8.5Pt4Ag1Zn 75Au25Ag 90Au10Cu CMW Elkonium 70 CMW Elkonium 72 CMW Elkonium 76 Gold

2.6 u,d 6.4 u,d 6 u,d 9.3 u,d 9.3 u,d 8 t,d 6 t,d 8 t,d 44 u,d

4.5 u 11 u 10 u 16 u 16 u 14 t 11 t 14 t 75 u

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

65 65 65 65 65 58 58 58 65

Noble, Gold, Solder 80Au20Sn 88Au12Ge

2.8 t,d 3.5 t,d

4.8 t 6.0 t

20 20

68 68

Noble, Palladium, Electrical Contact 35Pd30Ag14Cu10Pt10Au1Zn 45Pd30Ag20Au5Pt 50Pd50Ag 60Pd40Ag 60Pd40Cu 60Pd40Cu 70Pd30Ag 72Pd26Ag2Ni 90Pd10Ru 95.5Pd4.5 CMW Elkonium 40 CMW Elkonium 405

2.9 u,d 2.6 u,d 3.2 u,d 2.3 u,d 2.9 u,d 0.70 u,d 2.5 u,d 2.3 u,d 3.8 u,d 4.1 u,d 9 t,d 3 t,d

5u 4.5 u 5.5 u 4.0 u 5u 1.2 u 4.3 u 4u 6.5 u 7u 16 t 6t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

C15715-Precipitation heat treated (C15715) C15720-Annealed (C15720) C15760-Annealed (C15760) C15760-Precipitation heat treated (C15760)

Lamp leads, commutators, brush springs, switches, lead frame Lamp leads, commutators, brush springs, switches, lead frame Lamp leads, commutators, amortisseur bars, switches, lead frame Welding rods and wheels, soldering gun tips Welding rods and wheels, soldering gun tips

Sheet, strip, plate, tube, rod, and bar

Solder Solder

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

66 66 66 66 66

66 66 17 59 66 65 66 58

19 19 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 58 58

High Conductivity Materials / 39

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Noble, Palladium, Electrical Contact CMW Elkonium 42

2 t,d

4t

20

68

Noble, Palladium, Unclassified Pd

9.3 u,d

16 u

20

68

Noble, Platinum, Commercially Pure CMW Elkonium 30 9 t,d

15 t

20

68

58

Noble, Platinum, Electrical Contact 65Pt35Ir 70Pt30Ir 75Pt25Ir 80Pt20Ir 86Pt14Ru 89Pt11Ru 90Pt10Ir 90Pt10Ru 95Pt5Ir 95Pt5Ru 96Pt4W CMW Elkonium 301 CMW Elkonium 302 CMW Elkonium 305 CMW Elkonium 306 CMW Elkonium 32 CMW Elkonium 33 CMW Elkonium 331 CMW Elkonium 34

2.9 u,d 2.9 u,d 3.2 u,d 3.2 u,d 2.0 u,d 2.3 u,d 4.1 u,d 2.3 u,d 5.2 u,d 3.2 u,d 2.9 u,d 3 t,d 2 t,d 3 t,d 2 t,d 3 t,d 2 t,d 2 t,d 2 t,d

5u 5u 5.5 u 5.6 u 3.5 u 4u 7u 4u 9u 5.5 u 5u 6t 4t 5t 4t 5t 4t 4t 4t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58

Noble, Platinum, Unclassified Pt Pt

9.3 u,d 9.3 u,d

16 u 16 u

20 20

68 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

65 65

Noble, Silver, Commercially Pure CMW Fine Silver Fine silver

60 t,d 61.5 u,d

104 t 106 u

20 20

68 68

Contact material

58 65

Noble, Silver, Electrical Contact AgNiCon 2 AgNiCon 3 AgNiCon 4 AgNiCon 6 AgNiCon 8 CMW D1058 CMW D158F CMW D57F CMW D58 CMW D581F CMW D582F CMW D583F

51 u,d 48 u,d 45 u,d 41 u,d 36.8 u,d 20 t,d 57 t,d 52 t,d 32 t,d 59 t,d 60 t,d 58 t,d

88 u 83 u 78 u 70 u 63.5 u 35 t 99 t 90 t 55 t 102 t 103 t 100 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

P/M P/M P/M P/M P/M

66 66 66 66 66 58 58 58 58 58 58 58

Noble, Silver, Silver Cadmium 85Ag15Cd

20.3 u,d

35 u

20

68

Contact material

65

58 Pure metal, R depends on purity

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

65

40 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Noble, Silver, Silver Cadmium CMW D154F CMW D154X CMW D155F CMW D155X CMW D355F CMW D54 CMW D54F CMW D54X CMW D55 CMW D55F CMW D55X CMW Elkonium 17 CMW Elkonium 18 CMW Elkonium 217

44 t,d 42 t,d 41 t,d 39 t,d 39 t,d 44 t,d 48 t,d 44 t,d 32 t,d 42 t,d 41 t,d 18 t,d 25 t,d 20 t,d

75 t 73 t 70 t 68 t 68 t 75 t 82 t 75 t 55 t 72 t 70 t 31 t 43 t 35 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Noble, Silver, Silver Copper 72Ag26Cu2Ni 72Ag28Cu 90Ag10Cu 92.5Ag7.5Cu CMW Coin Silver CMW Elkonium 1 CMW Elkonium 22 CMW Elkonium 23 CMW Elkonium 73

35 u,d 50 u,d 49 u,d 49 u,d 48 t,d 44 t,d 49 t,d 56 t,d 52 t,d

60 u 87 u 85 u 85 u 83 t 75 t 84 t 97 t 90 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Contact material Contact material Contact material Contact material

65 65 65 65 58 58 58 58 58

Noble, Silver, Silver Gold 90Ag10Au CMW Elkonium 71

23.0 u,d 23 t,d

40 u 40 t

20 20

68 68

Contact material

65 58

Noble, Silver, Silver Nickel CMW D50 CMW D505F CMW D50F CMW D510F CMW D56

39 t,d 55 t,d 46 t,d 50 t,d 32 t,d

67 t 95 t 80 t 87 t 55 t

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

Noble, Silver, Silver Palladium 60Ag40Pd 70Ag30Pd 90Ag10Pd 97Ag3Pd CMW Elkonium 45 CMW Elkonium 46

4.6 u,d 7.0 u,d 17.4 u,d 35 u,d 34 t,d 46 t,d

8u 12 u 30 u 60 u 58 t 79 t

20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68

Contact material Contact material Contact material Contact material

65 65 65 65 58 58

Noble, Silver, Silver Platinum 97Ag3Pt CMW Elkonium 36

29 u,d 26 t,d

50 u 45 t

20 20

68 68

Contact material

65 58

Noble, Silver, Unclassified CMW Elkonium 28 CMW Elkonium 63

6 t,d 44 t,d

10 t 75 t

20 20

68 68

58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58

58 58 58 58 58

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

58 58

High Conductivity Materials / 41

Table 2.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Thermostat Metals, Unclassified, Unclassified 66.5Fe22Ni8.5Cr 1.9 u,d 67Ni30Cu1.4Fe1Mn 2.0 u,d 72Mn18Cu10Ni 0.87 u,d 75Fe22Ni3Cr 1.7 u,d 75Fe22Ni3Cr 7.0 u,d

3.3 u 3.5 u 1.5 u 3u 12 u

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

65 65 65 65 65

Unclassified AL 4750 Armco 48 K75 KLF-125

3.6 u 3.6 u 75 min 35 min

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

65 65 20 20

2.1 u,d 2.1 u,d 44 min,d 20.3 min,d

Lead frame alloy Lead frame alloy

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

42 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Aluminum, Cast, 2xx.x Aluminum Copper 201.0-T6 (A02010)

0.054 to 0.064 t

204.0-T4 (A02040) 206.0-T6 (A02060)

0.0421 t 0.054 to 0.064 t

206.0-T7 (A02060)

0.050 to 0.054 t

208.0-F (A02080) 208.0-O (A02080) 242.0-T21 (A02420) 242.0-T571 (A02420) 242.0-T61 (A02420) 242.0-T77 (A02420) 295.0-T4 (A02950) 295.0-T62 (A02950) 296.0-T4 (A02960) 296.0-T6 (A02960) A206.0-T6 (A12060)

0.0556 t 0.0454 t 0.0392 t 0.0507 t 0.0522 t 0.0454 t 0.0493 t 0.0493 t 0.0522 t 0.0522 t 0.054 to 0.064 t

A206.0-T7 (A12060)

0.050 to 0.054 t

32.48 to 38.50 t,d 25.32 t,d 32.48 to 38.50 t,d 30.07 to 32.48 t,d 33.45 t,d 27.31 t,d 23.58 t,d 30.50 t,d 31.40 t,d 27.31 t,d 29.66 t,d 29.66 t,d 31.40 t,d 31.40 t,d 32.48 to 38.50 t,d 30.07 to 32.48 t,d

20

68

10

20 20

68 68

20

68

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

20

68

10

28.03 t,d 38.44 t,d 35.79 t,d 24.12 t,d 26.59 t,d 28.81 t,d 26.59 t,d 24.66 t,d 24.12 t,d 26.59 t,d 25.32 t,d 25.93 t,d 37.05 t,d 39.10 t,d 24.12 t,d 25.32 t,d 26.59 t,d 25.93 t,d 39.10 t,d 24.12 t,d 26.59 t,d 28.81 t,d 26.59 t,d 24.66 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast

10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

33.45 t,d 28.03 t,d

20 20

68 68

Sand cast

10 10

Sand cast

8 10 10

Obsolete Obsolete Sand cast Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast

10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

Aluminum, Cast, 3xx.x Aluminum Silicon plus Copper or Magnesium 308.0 (A03080) 319.0 (A03190) 336.0-T551 (A03360) 355.0-T51 (A03550) 355.0-T6 (A03550) 355.0-T6 (A03550) 355.0-T61 (A03550) 355.0-T7 (A03550) 356.0-T51 (A03560) 356.0-T6 (A03560) 356.0-T6 (A03560) 356.0-T7 (A03560) 360.0 (A03600) 380.0 (A03800) A356.0-T51 (A13560) A356.0-T6 (A13560) A356.0-T6 (A13560) A356.0-T7 (A13560) A380.0 (A13800) C355.0-T51 (A33550) C355.0-T6 (A33550) C355.0-T6 (A33550) C355.0-T61 (A33550) C355.0-T7 (A33550)

0.0466 t 0.0639 t 0.0595 t 0.0401 t 0.0442 t 0.0479 t 0.0442 t 0.0410 t 0.0401 t 0.0442 t 0.0421 t 0.0431 t 0.0616 t 0.065 t 0.0401 t 0.0421 t 0.0442 t 0.0431 t 0.065 t 0.0401 t 0.0442 t 0.0479 t 0.0442 t 0.0410 t

Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast

Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Sand cast

Aluminum, Cast, 4xx.x Aluminum Silicon 413.0 (A04130) 443.0-F (A04430)

0.0556 t 0.0466 t

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

High Conductivity Materials / 43

Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Aluminum, Cast, 4xx.x Aluminum Silicon 443.0-F (A04430) 443.0-F (A04430) 443.0-O (A04430) 443.0-O (A04430) A413.0 (A14130) A443.0-F (A14430) A443.0-F (A14430) A443.0-F (A14430) A443.0-O (A14430) A443.0-O (A14430) B443.0-F (A24430) B443.0-F (A24430) B443.0-F (A24430) B443.0-O (A24430) B443.0-O (A24430) C443.0-F (A34430) C443.0-F (A34430) C443.0-F (A34430) C443.0-O (A34430) C443.0-O (A34430)

0.0466 t 0.0466 t 0.0410 t 0.0410 t 0.0556 t 0.0466 t 0.0466 t 0.0466 t 0.0410 t 0.0410 t 0.0466 t 0.0466 t 0.0466 t 0.0410 t 0.0410 t 0.0466 t 0.0466 t 0.0466 t 0.0410 t 0.0410 t

28.03 t,d 28.03 t,d 24.66 t,d 24.66 t,d 33.45 t,d 28.03 t,d 28.03 t,d 28.03 t,d 24.66 t,d 24.66 t,d 28.03 t,d 28.03 t,d 28.03 t,d 24.66 t,d 24.66 t,d 28.03 t,d 28.03 t,d 28.03 t,d 24.66 t,d 24.66 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Permanent mold Die cast Permanent mold Sand cast

0.0821 t 0.075 t 0.075 t 0.075 t

49.39 t,d 45.11 t,d 45.11 t,d 45.11 t,d

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

10 10 10 10

0.0493 t

29.66 t,d

20

68

10

0.0367 t

22.08 t,d

20

68

10

27 20 20 25 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

80.6 68 68 77 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Die cast Permanent mold Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Die cast Permanent mold Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast Die cast Permanent mold Sand cast Permanent mold Sand cast

10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

Aluminum, Cast, 5xx.x Aluminum Magnesium 520.0-T4 (A05200) 535.0 (A05350) A535.0 (A15350) B535.0 (A25350) Aluminum, Cast, 7xx.x Aluminum Zinc 712.0 (A07120) Aluminum, Cast, 8xx.x Aluminum Tin 850.0 (A0850)

Aluminum, Wrought, 1xxx Commercially Pure Aluminum Al Al Al Al Al Al (99.996%) EC-H19 EC-O 1050-O (A91050) 1050-O (A91050) 1060-H18 (A91060) 1060-H18 (A91060) 1060-H18 (A91060) 1060-O (A91060) 1060-O (A91060) 1060-O (A91060) 1100-H18 (A91100)

0.02733 u 0.02709 u 0.0267 u 0.0261 u 0.0260 u 0.0265 u 0.028 u 0.028 u 0.0281 t 0.0281 t 0.029 t 0.0283 t 0.028 t 0.028 t 0.028 t 0.0278 t 0.030 t

16.44 u,d 16.30 u,d 16.06 u,d 15.70 u,d 15.64 u,d 15.9 u,d 16.8 u,d 16.8 u,d 16.90 t,d 16.90 t,d 17.4 t,d 17.02 t,d 17 t 17 t 16.8 t,d 16.72 t,d 18 t

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

18 18 18 18 18 65 65 65 8 8 3 8 1 1 3 8 1

44 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Aluminum, Wrought, 1xxx Commercially Pure Aluminum 1100-H18 (A91100) 1100-H18 (A91100) 1100-O (A91100) 1100-O (A91100) 1100-O (A91100) 1145-H18 (A91145) 1145-O (A91145) 1199-O (A91199) 1350-All (A91350) 1350-All (A91350) 1350-H1x (A91350) 1350-O (A91350)

0.0302 t 0.030 t 0.030 t 0.029 t 0.0292 t 0.0287 t 0.0283 t 0.0267 t 0.028 t 0.028 t 0.0282 t 0.0279 t

18.17 t,d 18.0 t,d 18 t 17.4 t,d 17.56 t,d 17.26 t,d 17.02 t,d 16.06 t,d 17 t 16.8 t,d 16.96 t,d 16.78 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

26.47 t,d 27 t 25.9 t,d 26.47 t,d 23 t 22.86 t,d 22.9 t,d 20.5 t,d 21 t 30.68 t,d 31 t 30.1 t,d 30.68 t,d 25.9 t,d 26 t 25.87 t,d 25.87 t,d 21 t 20.5 t,d 31 t 30.1 t,d 26 t 25.9 t,d 20.45 t,d 21 t 20.5 t,d 35.5 t,d 34.29 t,d 35 t 34.29 t,d 34.29 t,d 35.5 t,d 35 t 34.29 t,d 34.29 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Obsolete, EC Grade Obsolete, EC Grade Obsolete, EC Grade Obsolete, EC Grade

8 3 1 3 8 8 8 8 1 3 8 8

Aluminum, Wrought, 2xxx Aluminum Copper 2011-T3 (A92011) 2011-T3 (A92011) 2011-T3 (A92011) 2011-T4 (A92011) 2011-T8 (A92011) 2011-T8 (A92011) 2011-T8 (A92011) 2014-O (A92014) 2014-O (A92014) 2014-T3 (A92014) 2014-T4 (A92014) 2014-T4 (A92014) 2014-T451 (A92014) 2014-T6 (A92014) 2014-T6 (A92014) 2014-T651 (A92014) 2014-T652 (A92014) 2017-O (A92017) 2017-O (A92017) 2017-T4 (A92017) 2017-T4 (A92017) 2018-T61 (A92018) 2018-T61 (A92018) 2024-O (A92024) 2024-O (A92024) 2024-O (A92024) 2024-T3 (A92024) 2024-T3 (A92024) 2024-T3 (A92024) 2024-T351 (A92024) 2024-T36 (A92024) 2024-T361 (A92024) 2024-T361 (A92024) 2024-T361 (A92024) 2024-T4 (A92024)

0.044 t 0.045 t 0.043 t 0.044 t 0.038 t 0.038 t 0.038 t 0.034 t 0.035 t 0.051 t 0.0515 t 0.050 t 0.051 t 0.043 t 0.043 t 0.043 t 0.043 t 0.035 t 0.034 t 0.0515 t 0.050 t 0.043 t 0.043 t 0.034 t 0.035 t 0.034 t 0.059 t 0.057 t 0.058 t 0.057 t 0.057 t 0.059 t 0.058 t 0.057 t 0.057 t

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

8 1 3 8 1 8 3 3 1 8 1 3 8 3 1 8 8 1 3 1 3 1 3 8 1 3 3 8 1 8 8 3 1 8 8

High Conductivity Materials / 45

Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Aluminum, Wrought, 2xxx Aluminum Copper 2024-T4 (A92024) 2024-T4 (A92024) 2024-T6 (A92024) 2024-T6 (A92024) 2024-T81 (A92024) 2024-T81 (A92024) 2024-T861 (A92024) 2024-T861 (A92024) 2024-T861 (A92024) 2025-T6 (A92025) 2025-T6 (A92025) 2036-O (A92036) 2036-T4 (A92036) 2036-T4 (A92036) Alcoa 2036-O (A92036) Alcoa 2036-O (A92036) Alcoa 2036-T4 (A92036) 2038-T4 (A92038) 2048-T851 (A92048) 2117-T4 (A92117) 2117-T4 (A92117) 2124-O (A92124) 2124-T851 (A92124) 2124-T851 (A92124) 2218-T61 (A92218) 2218-T72 (A92218) 2218-T72 (A92218) 2219-O (A92219) 2219-O (A92219) 2219-O (A92219) 2219-T31 (A92219) 2219-T31 (A92219) 2219-T351 (A92219) 2219-T37 (A92219) 2219-T37 (A92219) 2219-T6 (A92219) 2219-T6 (A92219) 2219-T62 (A92219) 2219-T81 (A92219) 2219-T81 (A92219) 2219-T81 (A92219) 2219-T851 (A92219) 2219-T87 (A92219) 2219-T87 (A92219) 2219-T87 (A92219) 2319-O (A92319) 2618-T6 (A92618) 2618-T6 (A92618)

0.058 t 0.059 t 0.045 t 0.045 t 0.045 t 0.045 t 0.045 t 0.045 t 0.045 t 0.043 t 0.043 t 0.0332 t 0.0415 t 0.042 t 0.0332 u 30.1 u,d 0.0421 u 0.043 t 0.040 t 0.043 t 0.043 t 0.0345 t 0.045 t 0.045 t 0.045 t 0.043 t 0.043 t 0.038 t 0.040 t 0.039 t 0.062 t 0.0615 t 0.057 t 0.0615 t 0.062 t 0.059 t 0.058 t 0.062 t 0.058 t 0.059 t 0.057 t 0.057 t 0.057 t 0.058 t 0.059 t 0.039 t 0.048 t 0.0465 t

35 t 35.5 t,d 27.1 t,d 27 t 27.1 t,d 27 t 27.1 t,d 27 t 27.07 t,d 25.9 t,d 26 t 19.97 t,d 25 t 25.3 t,d 20.0 u,d 51.9 u,d 25.3 u,d 25.9 t,d 24.06 t,d 26 t 25.9 t,d 20.75 t,d 27.1 t,d 27 t 27.07 t,d 25.9 t,d 26 t 22.9 t,d 24 t 23.46 t,d 37.3 t,d 37 t 34.29 t,d 37 t 37.3 t,d 35.5 t,d 35 t 37.29 t,d 35 t 35.5 t,d 34.29 t,d 34.29 t,d 34.29 t,d 35 t 35.5 t,d 23.46 t,d 28.9 t,d 28 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Auto body sheet Auto body sheet Auto body sheet

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

1 3 3 1 3 1 3 1 8 3 1 8 1 3 66 66 66 54 8 1 3 8 3 1 8 3 1 3 1 8 3 1 8 1 3 3 1 8 1 3 8 8 8 1 3 8 3 1

46 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Aluminum, Wrought, 2xxx Aluminum Copper 2618-T61 (A92618)

0.047 t

28.27 t,d

20

68

8

25.3 t,d 25 t 25.3 t,d 25 t 25.9 t,d 26 t 21 t 20.5 t,d 25 t 25.3 t,d 24.66 t,d 23 t 22.9 t,d 23.04 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

3 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 3 8 1 3 8

25.93 t,d 26 t 25.9 t,d 30 t 28.81 t,d 30.1 t,d 25 t 24.7 t,d 23 t 22.9 t,d 22.3 t,d 25 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

8 1 3 1 8 3 1 3 1 3 3 1

19.9 t,d 20 t 19.97 t,d 19.97 t,d 21 t 20.5 t,d 20.45 t,d 20.45 t,d 30 t 30.1 t,d 29.66 t,d 29.7 u,d 29.7 u,d 29.66 t,d 37.3 t,d 38.50 t,d 38 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

3 1 8 8 1 3 8 8 1 3 8 65 65 8 3 8 1

Aluminum, Wrought, 3xxx Aluminum Manganese 3003-H12 (A93003) 3003-H12 (A93003) 3003-H14 (A93003) 3003-H14 (A93003) 3003-H18 (A93003) 3003-H18 (A93003) 3003-O (A93003) 3003-O (A93003) 3004-All (A93004) 3004-All (A93004) 3004-O (A93004) 3105-All (A93105) 3105-All (A93105) 3105-O (A93105)

0.042 t 0.0415 t 0.042 t 0.0415 t 0.043 t 0.043 t 0.035 t 0.034 t 0.0415 t 0.042 t 0.041 t 0.038 t 0.038 t 0.0383 t

Aluminum, Wrought, 4xxx Aluminum Silicon 4032-O (A94032) 4032-O (A94032) 4032-O (A94032) 4032-T6 (A94032) 4032-T6 (A94032) 4032-T6 (A94032) 4043-O (A94043) 4043-O (A94043) 4045-All (A94045) 4045-All (A94045) 4343-All (A94343) 4343-All (A94343)

0.0431 t 0.043 t 0.043 t 0.050 t 0.0479 t 0.050 t 0.0415 t 0.041 t 0.038 t 0.038 t 0.037 t 0.0415 t

Aluminum, Wrought, 5xxx Aluminum Magnesium 5005-All (A95005) 5005-All (A95005) 5005-H38 (A95005) 5005-O (A95005) 5050-All (A95050) 5050-All (A95050) 5050-H38 (A95050) 5050-O (A95050) 5052-All (A95052) 5052-All (A95052) 5052-H38 (A95052) 5052-H38 (A95052) 5052-O (A95052) 5052-O (A95052) 5056-H38 (A95056) 5056-H38 (A95056) 5056-H38 (A95056)

0.033 t 0.033 t 0.0332 t 0.0332 t 0.035 t 0.034 t 0.034 t 0.034 t 0.050 t 0.050 t 0.0493 t 0.0493 u 0.0493 u 0.0493 t 0.062 t 0.064 t 0.063 t

Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete

Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

High Conductivity Materials / 47

Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Aluminum, Wrought, 5xxx Aluminum Magnesium 5056-H38 (A95056) 5056-O (A95056) 5056-O (A95056) 5056-O (A95056) 5083 (A95083) 5083-O (A95083) 5083-O (A95083) 5086 (A95086) 5086-All (A95086) 5086-All (A95086) 5154-All (A95154) 5154-All (A95154) 5182 (A95182) 5252-All (A95252) 5252-All (A95252) 5252-All (A95252) 5252-All (A95252) 5254 (A95254) 5254-All (A95254) 5254-All (A95254) 5356-O (A95356) 5356-O (A95356) 5356-O (A95356) 5454-All (A95454) 5454-O (A95454) 5454-O (A95454) 5454-H38 (A95456) 5454-H38 (A95456) 5456-All (A95456) 5456-O (A95456) 5456-O (A95456) 5457-All (A95457) 5457-All (A95457) 5652 (A95652) 5652-All (A95652) 5652-All (A95652) 5657 (A95657) 5657-All (A95657) 5657-All (A95657)

0.064 u 0.059 t 0.059 t 0.060 t 0.0595 t 0.060 t 0.059 t 0.056 t 0.055 t 0.056 t 0.053 t 0.053 t 0.0556 t 0.049 t,ave 0.049 t,ave 0.050 t 0.050 t 0.054 t 0.053 t 0.053 t 0.0594 t 0.059 t 0.060 t 0.051 t,ave 0.0515 t 0.050 t 0.0515 t 0.050 t 0.0595 t,ave 0.059 t 0.060 t 0.038 t 0.037 t 0.049 t 0.050 t 0.050 t 0.032 t 0.0315 t 0.032 t

38.5 u,d 35.49 t,d 35.5 t,d 36 t 35.79 t,d 36 t 35.5 t,d 33.69 t,d 33 t 33.7 t,d 31.9 t,d 32 t 33.45 t,d 29.47 t,d 29.47 t,d 30 t 30.1 t,d 32.48 t,d 31.9 t,d 32 t 35.73 t,d 35.5 t,d 36 t 30.68 t,d 31 t 30.1 t,d 31 t 30.1 t,d 35.79 t,d 35.5 t,d 36 t 23 t 22.3 t,d 29.47 t,d 30 t 30.1 t,d 19.25 t,d 19 t 19.2 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete

Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete

Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete

65 8 3 1 8 1 3 8 1 3 3 1 8 8 8 1 3 8 3 1 8 3 1 8 1 3 1 3 8 3 1 1 3 8 1 3 8 1 3

Aluminum, Wrought, 6xxx Aluminum Magnesium Silicon 6005-T1 (A96005) 6005-T1 (A96005) 6005-T5 (A96005) 6005-T5 (A96005) 6009-All (A96009) 6009-O (A96009) 6009-T4 (A96009) 6009-T6 (A96009)

0.0365 t 0.037 t 0.036 t 0.035 t 0.039 t 0.0319 t 0.0392 t 0.0367 t

22 t 22.3 t,d 21.7 t,d 21 t 23.5 t,d 19.19 t,d 23.58 t,d 22.08 t,d

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

1 3 3 1 54 8 8 8

48 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Aluminum, Wrought, 6xxx Aluminum Magnesium Silicon Alcoa 6009-O (A96009) Alcoa 6009-T4 (A96009) Alcoa 6009-T6 (A96009) 6010-All (A96010) 6010-O (A96010) 6010-T4 (A96010) 6010-T6 (A96010) Alcoa 6010-O (A96010) Alcoa 6010-T4 (A96010) Alcoa 6010-T6 (A96010) 6053 (A96053) 6053-O (A96053) 6053-O (A96053) 6053-T4 (A96053) 6053-T4 (A96053) 6053-T6 (A96053) 6053-T6 (A96053) 6061-O (A96061) 6061-O (A96061) 6061-T4 (A96061) 6061-T4 (A96061) 6061-T6 (A96061) 6061-T6 (A96061) 6063-O (A96063) 6063-O (A96063) 6063-T1 (A96063) 6063-T1 (A96063) 6063-T5 (A96063) 6063-T5 (A96063) 6063-T6 (A96063) 6063-T6 (A96063) 6063-T83 (A96063) 6063-T83 (A96063) 6066-O (A96066) 6066-O (A96066) 6066-T6 (A96066) 6066-T6 (A96066) 6070 (A96070) 6070-T6 (A96070) 6070-T6 (A96070) 6101-T6 (A96101) 6101-T6 (A96101) 6101-T6 (A96101) 6101-T6 (A96101) 6101-T61 (A96101) 6101-T61 (A96101) 6101-T61 (A96101) 6101-T63 (A96101)

0.0391 u 0.0394 u 0.0363 u 0.044 t 0.0325 t 0.0442 t 0.0392 t 0.0325 u 0.0442 u 0.0392 u 0.0375 t 0.038 t 0.038 t 0.042 t 0.043 t 0.041 t 0.0415 t 0.037 t 0.0365 t 0.043 t 0.043 t 0.040 t 0.040 t 0.030 t 0.029 t 0.034 t 0.035 t 0.031 t 0.032 t 0.033 t 0.032 t 0.033 t 0.032 t 0.043 t 0.043 t 0.048 t 0.0465 t 0.039 t 0.038 t 0.040 t 0.031 u 0.030 t 0.0302 t 0.030 t 0.0292 t 0.030 t 0.029 t 0.0297 t

23.5 u,d 23.7 u,d 21.8 u,d 26.5 t,d 19.55 t,d 26.59 t,d 23.58 t,d 19.5 u,d 26.6 u,d 23.6 u,d 22.56 t,d 22.9 t,d 23 t 25.3 t,d 26 t 24.7 t,d 25 t 22.3 t,d 22 t 26 t 25.9 t,d 24 t 24.1 t,d 18 t 17.4 t,d 20.5 t,d 21 t 18.6 t,d 19 t 20 t 19.2 t,d 20 t 19.2 t,d 26 t 25.9 t,d 28.9 t,d 28 t 23.46 t,d 22.9 t,d 24 t 18.6 u,d 18 t 18.17 t,d 18.0 t,d 17.56 t,d 18 t 17.4 t,d 17.87 t,d

19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

66 66 66 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Auto body sheet Auto body sheet Auto body sheet

Auto body sheet Auto body sheet Auto body sheet

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

66 66 66 54 8 8 8 66 66 66 8 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 3 1 3 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 3 1 3 3 1 8 3 1 65 1 8 3 8 1 3 8

High Conductivity Materials / 49

Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Temperature oC oF circular-mil/ft Ω

Notes

Reference

Aluminum, Wrought, 6xxx Aluminum Magnesium Silicon 6101-T63 (A96101) 6101-T63 (A96101) 6101-T64 (A96101) 6101-T64 (A96101) 6101-T64 (A96101) 6101-T65 (A96101) 6101-T65 (A96101) 6101-T65 (A96101) 6105-T1 (A96105) 6105-T1 (A96105) 6105-T5 (A96105) 6105-T5 (A96105) 6111-T4 (A96111) 6111-T6 (A96111) 6151-O (A96151) 6151-O (A96151) 6151-T4 (A96151) 6151-T4 (A96151) 6151-T6 (A96151) 6151-T6 (A96151) 6201-T81 (A96201) 6201-T81 (A96201) 6205-T1 (A96205) 6205-T5 (A96205) 6262-T9 (A96262) 6262-T9 (A96262) 6262-T9 (A96262) 6351-T6 (A96351) 6351-T6 (A96351) 6463-T1 (A96463) 6463-T1 (A96463) 6463-T1 (A96463) 6463-T5 (A96463) 6463-T5 (A96463) 6463-T5 (A96463) 6463-T6 (A96463) 6463-T6 (A96463) 6463-T6 (A96463) 6951-O (A96951) 6951-O (A96951) 6951-T6 (A96951) 6951-T6 (A96951)

0.030 t 0.029 t 0.0287 t 0.028 t 0.029 t 0.0297 t 0.030 t 0.029 t 0.038 t 0.037 t 0.035 t 0.034 t 0.043 t 0.038 t 0.032 t 0.0315 t 0.042 t 0.0415 t 0.038 t 0.038 t 0.0315 t 0.032 t 0.037 t 0.035 t 0.038 t 0.039 t 0.040 t 0.038 t 0.038 t 0.034 t 0.034 t 0.035 t 0.031 t 0.035 t 0.0315 t 0.032 t 0.033 t 0.033 t 0.0315 t 0.031 t 0.033 t 0.033 t

18 t 17.4 t,d 17.26 t,d 17 t 17.4 t,d 17.87 t,d 18 t 17.4 t,d 23 t 22.3 t,d 21 t 20.5 t,d 25.9 t,d 22.9 t,d 19.2 t,d 19 t 25.3 t,d 25 t 23 t 22.9 t,d 19 t 19.2 t,d 22.26 t,d 21.05 t,d 22.9 t,d 23.46 t,d 24 t 22.9 t,d 23 t 20.5 t,d 20.45 t,d 21 t 18.6 t,d 21.05 t,d 19 t 19.2 t,d 19.85 t,d 20 t 19 t 18.6 t,d 19.9 t,d 20 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

133 u 133 u 133 u 24.12 t,d 27.31 t,d

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

1 3 8 1 3 8 1 3 1 3 1 3 54 54 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 3 8 8 3 8 1 3 1 3 8 1 3 8 1 3 8 1 1 3 3 1

Aluminum, Wrought, 7xxx Aluminum Zinc Alcoa 7029-T6 Alcoa 7129-T5 Alcoa 7129-T6 7005-O (A97005) 7005-T53 (A97005)

0.221 0.221 0.221 0.0401 t 0.0454 t

Auto bumper Auto bumper Auto bumper

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

66 66 66 8 8

50 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Aluminum, Wrought, 7xxx Aluminum Zinc 7005-T5351 (A97005) 7005-T6 (A97005) 7005-T63 (A97005) 7005-T6351 (A97005) 7021-T61 (A97021) 7029-T5 (A97029) 7029-T6 (A97029) 7049 (A97049) 7049-T73 (A97049) 7049-T73 (A97049) 7050-O (A97050) 7050-T736 (A97050) 7050-T73651 (A97050) 7050-T74 (A97050) 7050-T74 (A97050) 7050-T76 (A97050) 7050-T7651 (A97050) 7072 (A97072) 7072-O (A97072) 7072-O (A97072) 7075-T6 (A97075) 7075-T6 (A97075) 7075-T62 (A97075) 7075-T651 (A97075) 7075-T652 (A97075) 7075-T73 (A97075) 7075-T7351 (A97075) 7075-T7352 (A97075) 7075-T76 (A97075) 7075-T7651 (A97075) 7116-T5 (A97116) 7129-T5 (A97129) 7129-T6 (A97129) 7175-O (A97175) 7175-T66 (A97175) 7175-T736 (A97175) 7175-T74 (A97175) 7175-T7652 (A97175) 7178-O (A97178) 7178-T6 (A97178) 7178-T6 (A97178) 7178-T6 (A97178) 7178-T651 (A97178) 7178-T76 (A97178) 7178-T7651 (A97178) 7475-O (A97475) 7475-T61 (A97475) 7475-T61 (A97475)

0.0454 t 0.0493 t 0.0454 t 0.0454 t 0.040 t 0.041 t 0.041 t 0.043 t 0.043 t 0.043 t 0.0367 t 0.0426 t 0.0426 t 0.0415 t 0.042 t 0.0436 t 0.0436 t 0.0287 t 0.029 t 0.030 t 0.0515 t 0.053 t 0.0522 t 0.0522 t 0.0522 t 0.0431 t 0.0431 t 0.0431 t 0.0448 t 0.0448 t 0.037 t 0.041 t 0.041 t 0.0375 t 0.0479 t 0.0431 t 0.043 t 0.0431 t 0.0375 t 0.056 t 0.055 t 0.0539 t 0.0539 t 0.0442 t 0.0442 t 0.0375 t 0.050 t 0.0479 t

27.31 t,d 29.66 t,d 27.31 t,d 27.31 t,d 24.1 t,d 24.7 t,d 24.7 t,d 25.87 t,d 26 t 25.9 t,d 22.08 t,d 25.63 t,d 25.63 t,d 25 t 25.3 t,d 26.23 t,d 26.23 t,d 17.26 t,d 17.4 t,d 18 t 31 t 31.9 t,d 31.40 t,d 31.40 t,d 31.40 t,d 25.93 t,d 25.93 t,d 25.93 t,d 26.95 t,d 26.95 t,d 22.3 t,d 24.7 t,d 24.7 t,d 22.56 t,d 28.81 t,d 25.93 t,d 25.9 t,d 25.93 t,d 22.56 t,d 33.7 t,d 33 t 32.42 t,d 32.42 t,d 26.59 t,d 26.59 t,d 22.56 t,d 30.1 t,d 28.81 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

T74 previously T73 and T736 T74 previously T73 and T736

T74 previously T73 and T736 T74 previously T73 and T736

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

8 8 8 8 54 54 54 8 1 3 8 8 8 1 3 8 8 8 3 1 1 3 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 54 54 54 8 8 8 3 8 8 3 1 8 8 8 8 8 3 8

High Conductivity Materials / 51

Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Aluminum, Wrought, 7xxx Aluminum Zinc 7475-T651 (A97475) 7475-T651 (A97475) 7475-T7351 (A97475) 7475-T7351 (A97475) 7475-T76 (A97475) 7475-T761 (A97475) 7475-T761 (A97475) 7475-T7651 (A97475)

0.050 t 0.0431 t 0.041 t 0.0411 t 0.043 t 0.0479 t 0.043 t 0.0431 t

30.1 t,d 25.93 t,d 24.7 t,d 24.72 t,d 25.9 t,d 28.81 t,d 25.9 t,d 25.93 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8

0.029 t 0.028 t 0.029 t 0.029 t 0.028 t 0.029 t 0.029 t 0.028 t

17.4 t,d 17 t 17.4 t,d 17.4 t,d 17 t 17.4 t,d 17.4 t,d 17 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

3 1 3 3 1 3 3 1

Ampcoloy 495

0.552 u

332 u,d

20

68

Elkaloy D Elkaloy D110 Elkaloy D120 Elkaloy D130 C95200 (C95200) C95300 (C95300) C95400-As cast (C95400) C95400-TQ50 (C95400) C95500-As cast (C95500) C95500-TQ50 (C95500) C95700-Annealed, fast cooled (C95700) C95700-As cast (C95700) C95800 (C95800)

0.096 t 0.144 t 0.172 t 0.192 t 0.144 u 0.133 u 0.133 u 0.133 u 0.203 u 0.203 u 0.556 u

57.75 t,d 86.62 t,d 103.46 t,d 115.49 t,d 86.6 u,d 80.00 u,d 80.0 u,d 80.0 u,d 122.1 u,d 122.1 u,d 334.5 u,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Casting Casting Casting Casting Sand casting Sand casting Sand casting

58 58 58 58 16 16 16 16 16 16 16

0.556 u 0.243 u

334.5 u,d 146.2 u,d

20 20

68 68

Sand casting Sand casting

16 16

0.034 to 0.038 u 20 to 23 u,d 0.034 to 0.038 u 20 to 23 u,d 0.069 to 0.086 u 42 to 52 u,d

20 20 20

68 68 68

Switches, contacts Switches, contacts

66 66 66

0.069 to 0.086 u 42 to 52 u,d

20

68

66

0.069 u 0.069 to 0.096 u 0.069 to 0.096 u 0.069 to 0.096 u

41.51 u,d 42 to 58 u,d 42 to 58 u,d 42 to 58 u,d

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

16 66 66 66

0.075 to 0.096 u 45 to 58 u,d

20

68

66

Aluminum, Wrought, 8xxx Aluminum-Other Elements 8017-H12 (A98017) 8017-H212 (A98017) 8017-H212 (A98017) 8017-H22 (A98017) 8030-H221 (A98030) 8030-H221 (A98030) 8176-H24 (A98176) 8176-H24 (A98176) Copper, Cast, Aluminum Bronze Sand and centrifugal casting, bar, rod, forging, sheet, strip, plate, and welding wire

66

Copper, Cast, Beryllium Copper Brush Casting 10C (C82000) Brush Casting 3C (C82000) Brush Casting 165C-Age hardened (C82400) Brush Casting 165CT-Age hardened (C82400) C82400-Age hardened (C82400) Brush Casting 20CT (C82500) Brush Casting 20C (C82500) Brush Casting 21C-Age hardened (C82510) Brush Casting 245C-Age hardened (C82600)

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

52 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Copper, Cast, Beryllium Copper Brush Casting 245CT-Age hardened (C82600) C82600-Age hardened (C82600) Brush Casting 275C (C82800) Brush Casting 275CT (C82800)

0.075 to 0.096 u 45 to 58 u,d

20

68

66

0.0907 u 54.56 u,d 0.075 to 0.101 u 45 to 61 u,d 0.075 to 0.101 u 45 to 61 u,d

20 20 20

68 68 68

Castings Castings

16 66 66

0.086 t 0.0383 u 0.021 u 0.0395 u 0.0395 u 0.0395 u 0.0862 u 0.0958 u

51.73 t,d 23.04 u,d 12.63 u,d 23.76 u,d 23.76 u,d 23.76 u,d 51.85 u,d 57.63 u,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Cu-Be Casting alloy. Solution heat treated Casting alloy. Precipitation hardened Casting alloy Casting alloy Casting alloy Casting alloy Casting alloy

58 16 16 16 16 16 16 16

0.17 u

102.3 u,d

20

68

Casting

16

0.12 u

72.18 u,d

20

68

Sand Casting

16

0.16 u

96 u,d

20

68

Centrifugal, chill or sand casting

66

0.284 u

170.8 u,d

20

68

Sand Casting

16

0.284 u

170.8 u,d

20

68

Die casting

16

0.18 u

108.3 u,d

20

68

0.0216 t

12.99 t,d

20

68

0.9974 u 0.4888 u 0.4821 u 0.3823 u 0.4821 u

599.97 u,d 294.03 u,d 290.00 u,d 229.97 u,d 290.00 u,d

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

65 65 65 65 65

0.4987 u 0.2992 u 0.1496 u 0.0993 u 0.0499 u

299.98 u,d 179.98 u,d 89.99 u,d 59.73 u,d 30.0 u,d

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

65 65 65 65 65

0.101 u,d 0.100 u 0.11 u,d 0.144 u 0.123 u

61 u 60.15 u,d 69 u 86.6 u,d 73.99 u,d

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

Copper, Cast, High Copper CMW 73 C81500-Heat treated (C81500) C81500-Heat treated (C81500) C81800-Heat treated (C81800) C82000-Heat treated (C82000) C82200-Heat treated (C82200) C82500-Heat treated (C82500) C82800-Heat treated (C82800)

Copper, Cast, High Leaded Tin Bronze Copper C93700 (C93700) Copper, Cast, Leaded Tin Bronze C92200 (C92200) Copper, Cast, Phosphor Bronze Bunting No. 156 Copper, Cast, Silicon Brass C87500 (C87500) Copper, Cast, Silicon Bronze C87800 (C87800) Copper, Cast, Tin Bronze C90700 (C90700)

16

Copper, Cast, Unclassified CMW 3

Cu-Cr

58

Copper, Miscellaneous, Instrument and Control 67Cu5Ni27Mn 70Cu20Ni10Mn 83Cu13Mn4Ni(manganin) 85Cu10Mn4Ni(shunt manganin) 87Cu13Mn(manganin) Copper, Miscellaneous, Thermocouple 55Cu45Ni(constantan) 78Cu22Ni 89Cu11Ni 94Cu6Ni 98Cu2Ni Copper, Wrought, Aluminum Bronze Ambraloy 901 C60800 (C60800) Ambraloy 610-Annealed (C61000) C61300 (C61300) C61400 (C61400)

Sheet, strip, plate, wire, rod, bar, and tube Rod, wire

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

66 15 66 15 15

High Conductivity Materials / 53

Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Copper, Wrought, Aluminum Bronze C62300 (C62300) C62400 (C62400) C62500 (C62500) C63000 (C63000) C63200 (C63200)

0.144 u 0.144 u 0.172 u 0.192 u 0.246 u

86.6 u,d 86.6 u,d 103.5 u,d 115.5 u,d 148.0 u,d

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

15 15 15 15 15

20

68

Contact material

65

20 20

68 68

Rod, wire, tube Rod and bar, connectors, electrical and electronic components

66 66

Copper, Wrought, Beryllium Copper 2Be + Ni or Co Berylco 33-25-Precipitation hardened Brush M25-Precipitation hardened CMW 100 CMW 73 Copper No. 172-Heat treated

0.096 to 0.115 u 57.7 to 69.2 u,d 0.0768 u,d 46.2 u 0.0768 u,d 46.2 u 0.0359 t 0.0749 t 0.048 to 0.058 u,d 0.0382 u

21.59 t,d 45.05 t,d 29 to 35 u

20 20 20

68 68 68

23.0 u

20

68

For computer connectors, automotive contact materials, and appliances

66

0.075 u 0.062 u,d 0.0308 u 0.0392 u,d 0.0391 u 0.0466 u 0.047 u 0.054 u 0.0616 u 0.062 u 0.0638 u,d 0.0607 u,d

45 u,d 37 u 18.5 u,d 23.6 u 23.52 u,d 28.0 u,d 28.27 u,d 32.48 u,d 37 u,d 37.29 u,d 38.4 u 36.5 u

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Tube Tube and pipe Electrical equipment and connectors Sheet, strip, plate, wire, rod, bar, and tube

66 66 66 66 15 66 15 15 66 15 66 66

0.043103 max

25.928 max

20

68

78

0.031348 max

18.857 max

20

68

78

0.021551 max

12.964 max

20

68

78

Ampcoloy 910-Annealed ASTM B1 Hard-Drawn Copper Wire

0.0186 approx,d 11.2 approx 0.017745 max 10.674 max

20 20

68 68

ASTM B1 Hard-Drawn Copper Wire

0.017930 max

10.785 max

20

68

ASTM B2 Medium-HardDrawn Copper Wire ASTM B2 Medium-HardDrawn Copper Wire ASTM B3 Soft or Annealed Copper Wire

0.017654 max

10.619 max

20

68

0.017837 max

10.729 max

20

68

0.017241 max

10.371 max

20

68

Brush Alloy 174 (C17410)

Cu-Be Strip, wire, rod

58 58 66

Copper, Wrought, Brass Bridgeport 54-Annealed Bridgeport 77-Annealed Anaconda 210-Annealed (C21000) Anaconda 220-Annealed (C22000) C22000 (C22000) Anaconda 230-Soft annealed (C23000) C23000 (C23000) C24000-O61 (C24000) Anaconda 260-Annealed (C26000) C26000-O61 (C26000) Anaconda 268-Annealed (C26800) Anaconda 280-Annealed (C28000)

Cable grips, connectors

Lamp sockets Clips, lamp sockets Muntz metal, sheet, extruded shapes, plate, rod, bar, and tube

Copper, Wrought, Bronze ASTM B9 Bronze Trolly Wire Alloy 40 ASTM B9 Bronze Trolly Wire Alloy 55 ASTM B9 Bronze Trolly Wire Alloy 80

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper Ingot, billet, forging 8.255 mm (0.325 in.) <= d < 11.684 mm (0.460 in.) 1.024 mm (0.0403 in.) <= d < 08.255 mm (0.325 in.) 8.255 mm (0.325 in.) <= d < 11.684 mm (0.460 in.) 1.024 mm (0.0403 in.) <= d < 08.255 mm (0.325 in.)

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

66 75 75 76 76 77

54 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B33 Tinned Soft or Annealed Copper Wire ASTM B33 Tinned Soft or Annealed Copper Wire ASTM B33 Tinned Soft or Annealed Copper Wire ASTM B33 Tinned Soft or Annealed Copper Wire ASTM B33 Tinned Soft or Annealed Copper Wire ASTM B47 Copper Trolly Wire CDA Copper 109-Annealed

0.018312 max

11.015 max

20

68

0.282 mm (0.0111 in.) <= d < 0.511 mm (0.0201 in.) 0.076 mm (0.0030 in.) <= d < 0.282 mm (0.0111 in.) 0.511 mm (0.0201 in.) <= d < 2.616 mm (0.103 in.) 2.616 mm (0.103 in.) <= d < 7.366 mm (0.290 in.) 7.366 mm (0.290 in.) <= d < 11.684 mm (0.460 in.)

0.018508 max

11.133 max

20

68

0.017930 max

10.785 max

20

68

0.017745 max

10.674 max

20

68

0.017654 max

10.619 max

20

68

0.017745 max 0.0171 u,d

10.674 max 10.3 u

20 20

68 68

Chase 14310-Annealed Cu Cu Cu Anaconda 122-Annealed (C12200)

0.0203 u,d 0.01725 u 0.0158 u 0.0169 u 0.0203 u,d

12.2 u 10.38 u,d 9.50 u,d 10.17 u,d 12.2 u

20 27 25 20 20

68 80.6 77 68 68

C15100 (C15100) C15500 (C15500) CR 155-Precipitation heat treated (C15500)

0.0181 max 0.0199 max 0.0166 u,d

10.89 max,d 11.97 max,d 10.0 u

20 20 20

68 68 68

0.266 u,d 0.2776 u,d 0.18 u 0.0431 max 0.19 u 0.191 u 0.395 u 0.159 u,d

160 u 167 u 108 u,d 25.93 max,d 114 u,d 115 u 237.6 u,d 95.8 u

20 20 25 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 77 68 68 68 68 68

Tube, wire, and strip Bar, rod, tube, pipe, plated, sheet, strip, and wire Wire and strip Lead frame alloy Sheet, strip, plate, tube, rod, and bar Plate

15Zn 20Zn 35Zn Ambraloy 687-Annealed Anaconda 226-Annealed Brimcolloy 100 Brimcolloy 200 Brimcolloy 300 Chamet Bronze Type A-Annealed Chamet Bronze Type B-Annealed Chase 69000-Annealed

0.047 u 0.054 u 0.064 u 0.0750 u,d 0.0431 u,d 0.0632 u,d 0.0665 u,d 0.0715 u,d 0.066 u,d 0.066 u,d 0.096 u,d

28 u,d 32 u,d 38.5 u,d 45.1 u 25.9 u 38 u 40 u 43 u 40 u 40 u 58 u

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Contact material Contact material Contact material Tube Sheet, strip, plate and wire Strip Strip Strip Wire Drawn bar and rod Bellows connectors, circuit breakers, clips, springs, wiring devices

C68800-H08 (C68800) C68800-O61 (C68800)

0.104 u 0.096 u

62.6 u,d 57.75 u,d

20 20

68 68

0.0203 max

12.21 max,d

20

68

Bus bars, conductors cable shielding, waveguides, heatsinks, lead frames Strip and sheet Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Sheet, strip, plate, wire, rod, bar, pipe, tube, extruded shapes and wrought plating anodes Lead frame alloy Lead frame alloy Electric motor commutators, heat-sink washers, hookup wire

79 79 79 79 79 80 66 66 18 18 18 66 20 20 66

Copper, Wrought, Copper Nickel Bridgeport 520-Soft CDA 710 Cunife II C70250 (C70250) Anaconda 706-Annealed (C70600) Carlson 90 10 CuNi (C70600) C71900-Spinodal-hardened (C71900) C72800-Spinodal heat treated (C72800)

Bar, rod, strip, sheet, pipe, plate, tube, extrusions, wire, forging

66 66 66 20 66 66 15 66

Copper, Wrought, Copper Zinc 65 65 65 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 15 15

Copper, Wrought, High Copper CCZ

Lead frame alloy

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

20

High Conductivity Materials / 55

Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Copper, Wrought, High Copper Copper No. 194-Annealed

0.0249 u,d

15 u

20

68

Electrical components such as springs, contacts, connections, terminals, transistor bases, lead frames Lead frame alloy Lead frame alloy Lead frame alloy Lead frame alloy Lead frame alloy

66

C19010 (C19010) C19210 (C19210) C19400 (C19400) C19500 (C19500) C19700 (C19700)

0.0287 max 0.0203 max 0.0254 max 0.0344 max 0.0216 max

17.26 max,d 12.21 max,d 15.28 max,d 20.69 max,d 12.99 max,d

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

0.062 u,d 0.0663 u,d 0.0663 u,d 0.064 u

37 u 39.9 u 39.9 u 38.50 u,d

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

Rod, shape, extrusion, and forging Tube Wire, rod, bar, and extruded shapes

66 66 66 15

0.0180 nom,d

10.8 nom

20

68

Current carrying studs, connectors, solder tips

66

0.036 u 0.11 u 0.13 u 0.0002 u,d 0.0575 max 0.0489 max 0.115 u

21.7 u,d 66.2 u,d 78.2 u,d 0.102 u 34.59 max,d 29.41 max,d 69.2 u,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Contact material Contact material Contact material Rod, bar, rolled flat products, strip, wire Lead frame alloy Lead frame alloy Electronic and precision instrument parts

65 65 65 66 20 20 66 66

66

20 20 20 20 20

Copper, Wrought, Leaded Brass Copper No. 385-Annealed Anaconda 330-Annealed (C33000) Anaconda 360-Annealed (C36000) C37700 (C37700) Copper, Wrought, Leaded Copper Anaconda 1870-Annealed Copper, Wrought, Phosphor Bronze 1.25Sn + P 5Sn + P 8Sn + P CDA Alloy 544 C50710 (C50710) C50715 (C50715) Brush Phosphor Bronze (C51000)

Copper, Wrought, Sintered Powder Metal C15715-Annealed (C15715)

0.0186 u

11.19 u

20

68

C15720-Annealed (C15720)

0.0194 u

11.68 u

20

68

C15760-Annealed (C15760)

0.0221 u

13.29 u

20

68

Lamp leads, commutators, brush springs, switches, lead frame Lamp leads, commutators, amortisseur bars, switches, lead frame Welding rods and wheels, soldering gun tips

0.055 u,d 0.0690 u,d

33 u 41.5 u

20 20

68 68

Flats for fuse clips, contact springs, connectors Sheet, strip, plate, tube, rod, and bar

66 66

0.0172 u 0.0371 u,d 0.0203 t

10.35 u,d 22.3 u 12.21 t,d

20 20 20

68 68 68

Contact material Rod, welding rod, electrical connectors Cu-Cr, forging minor dim <= 19 mm (0.75 in.). Forging minor dim <= 19 mm (0.75 in.)

65 66 58

0.0235 t

14.14 t,d

20

68

58

0.39 u 0.15 u 0.17 u 0.108 u 0.108 u 0.125 t 0.157 t

234.6 u,d 90.2 u,d 102.3 u,d 65.0 u,d 65.0 u,d 75.19 t,d 94.44 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68

65 65 65 65 65 58 58

66

Copper, Wrought, Tin Brass C42200-Annealed (C42200) Anaconda 443-Annealed (C44300) Copper, Wrought, Unclassified 0.04 oxide Berylco 10-52 CMW 3 Noble, Gold, Commercially Pure Gold CMW Pure Gold Noble, Gold, Electrical Contact 41.7Au32.5Cu18.8Ni7Zn 69Au25Ag6Pt 72.5Au14Cu8.5Pt4Ag1Zn 75Au25Ag 90Au10Cu CMW Elkonium 70 CMW Elkonium 72

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

56 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Noble, Gold, Electrical Contact CMW Elkonium 76 Gold

0.127 t 0.0235 u

76.39 t,d 14.1 u,d

20 20

68 68

58 65

0.020 u 0.02271 u 0.022 u

12.03 u,d 13.66 u,d 13.23 u,d

25 27 20

77 80.6 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

0.050 u 0.051 u 0.0533 u

30.08 u,d 30.68 u,d 32.06 u,d

25 20 27

77 68 80.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

0.084 u 0.088 u 0.1059 u

50.53 u,d 52.93 u,d 63.70 u,d

25 20 27

77 68 80.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

0.35 u 0.39 u 0.315 u 0.43 u 0.35 u 1.3795 u 0.40 u 0.43 u 0.27 u 0.242 u 0.108 t 0.285 t 0.430 t

210.5 u,d 234.6 u,d 189.48 u,d 258.7 u,d 210.5 u,d 829.81 u,d 240.6 u,d 258.7 u,d 162.4 u,d 145.6 u,d 64.97 t,d 171.44 t,d 258.66 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

0.108 u 0.1080 u 0.108 u 0.1050 u

64.97 u,d 64.97 u,d 65.0 u,d 63.16 u,d

27 20 20 25

80.6 68 68 77

0.113 t

67.97 t,d

20

68

58

0.36 u 0.35 u 0.33 u 0.31 u 0.46 u 0.43 u 0.25 u 0.43 u 0.19 u 0.315 u

216.6 u,d 210.5 u,d 198.5 u,d 186.5 u,d 276.7 u,d 258.7 u,d 150 u,d 258.7 u,d 114.3 u,d 189.5 u,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65

Noble, Gold, Unclassified Au Au Au Noble, Iridium, Unclassified Ir Ir Ir Noble, Osmium, Unclassified Os Os Os Noble, Palladium, Electrical Contact 35Pd30Ag14Cu10Pt10Au1Zn 45Pd30Ag20Au5Pt 50Pd50Ag 60Pd40Ag 60Pd40Cu 60Pd40Cu 70Pd30Ag 72Pd26Ag2Ni 90Pd10Ru 95.5Pd4.5 CMW Elkonium 40 CMW Elkonium 405 CMW Elkonium 42

Annealed and quenched

65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 58 58 58

Noble, Palladium, Unclassified Pd Pd Pd Pd

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 65 18

Noble, Platinum, Commercially Pure CMW Elkonium 30 Noble, Platinum, Electrical Contact 65Pt35Ir 70Pt30Ir 75Pt25Ir 80Pt20Ir 86Pt14Ru 89Pt11Ru 90Pt10Ir 90Pt10Ru 95Pt5Ir 95Pt5Ru

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

High Conductivity Materials / 57

Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Noble, Platinum, Electrical Contact 96Pt4W CMW Elkonium 301 CMW Elkonium 302 CMW Elkonium 305 CMW Elkonium 306 CMW Elkonium 32 CMW Elkonium 33 CMW Elkonium 331 CMW Elkonium 34

0.36 u 0.285 t 0.430 t 0.345 t 0.430 t 0.315 t 0.430 t 0.429 t 0.430 t

216.6 u,d 171.44 t,d 258.66 t,d 207.53 t,d 258.66 t,d 189.48 t,d 258.66 t,d 258.06 t,d 258.66 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

65 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58

0.106 u 0.1080 u 0.1064 u 0.104 u 0.106 u

63.8 u,d 64.97 u,d 64.00 u,d 62.56 u,d 63.76 u,d

20 27 20 25 20

68 80.6 68 77 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

65 18 65 18 18

0.0501 u 0.0440 u 0.0470 u 0.045 u

30.14 u,d 26.47 u,d 28.27 u,d 27.07 u,d

27 25 20 20

80.6 77 68 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18

0.075 u 0.0630 u 0.0770 u

45.11 u,d 37.90 u,d 46.32 u,d

20 25 20

68 77 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

0.0166 t 0.0159 u

9.99 t,d 9.56 u,d

20 20

68 68

Contact material

58 65

0.0493 t 0.0174 t 0.0192 t 0.0313 t 0.0169 t 0.0167 t 0.0172 t

29.66 t,d 10.47 t,d 11.55 t,d 18.83 t,d 10.17 t,d 10.05 t,d 10.35 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68

0.493 u 0.0230 t 0.0236 t 0.0246 t 0.0254 t 0.0254 t 0.0230 t 0.0210 t 0.0230 t 0.0313 t 0.0239 t

297 u,d 13.84 t,d 14.20 t,d 14.80 t,d 15.28 t,d 15.28 t,d 13.84 t,d 12.63 t,d 13.84 t,d 18.83 t,d 14.38 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Noble, Platinum, Unclassified Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Noble, Rhodium Rh Rh Rh Rh Noble, Ruthenium Ru Ru Ru Noble, Silver, Commercially Pure CMW Fine Silver Fine silver Noble, Silver, Electrical Contact CMW D1058 CMW D158F CMW D57F CMW D58 CMW D581F CMW D582F CMW D583F

58 58 58 58 58 58 58

Noble, Silver, Silver Cadmium 85Ag15Cd CMW D154F CMW D154X CMW D155F CMW D155X CMW D355F CMW D54 CMW D54F CMW D54X CMW D55 CMW D55F

Contact material

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

65 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58

58 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Noble, Silver, Silver Cadmium CMW D55X CMW Elkonium 17 CMW Elkonium 18 CMW Elkonium 217

0.0246 t 0.0556 t 0.0401 t 0.0493 t

14.80 t,d 33.45 t,d 24.12 t,d 29.66 t,d

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

58 58 58 58

0.029 u 0.02 u 0.02 u 0.02 u 0.0210 t 0.0230 t 0.0205 t 0.0178 t 0.0192 t

17 u,d 12 u,d 12 u,d 12 u,d 12.63 t,d 13.84 t,d 12.33 t,d 10.71 t,d 11.55 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Contact material Contact material Contact material Contact material

65 65 65 65 58 58 58 58 58

0.042 u 4.310E-02 t

25 u,d 25.93 t,d

20 20

68 68

Contact material

65 58

0.0257 t 0.0181 t 0.0216 t 0.0198 t 0.0313 t

15.46 t,d 10.89 t,d 12.99 t,d 11.91 t,d 18.83 t,d

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

0.23 u 0.143 u 0.053 u 0.029 u 0.0297 t 2.180E-02 t

138 u,d 86.0 u,d 32 u,d 17 u,d 17.87 t,d 13.11 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68

Contact material Contact material Contact material Contact material

65 65 65 65 58 58

0.035 u 0.0383 t

21 u,d 23.04 t,d

20 20

68 68

Contact material

65 58

0.0163 u 0.0147 u 0.016 u 0.01629 u 0.172 t 0.023 t

9.80 u,d 8.84 u,d 9.62 u,d 9.80 u,d 103.46 t,d 13.84 t,d

20 25 20 27 20 20

68 77 68 80.6 68 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 58 58

349.97 u,d 339.99 u,d 674.92 u,d 469.98 u,d 94.98 u,d

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

Noble, Silver, Silver Copper 72Ag26Cu2Ni 72Ag28Cu 90Ag10Cu 92.5Ag7.5Cu CMW Coin Silver CMW Elkonium 1 CMW Elkonium 22 CMW Elkonium 23 CMW Elkonium 73 Noble, Silver, Silver Gold 90Ag10Au CMW Elkonium 71 Noble, Silver, Silver Nickel CMW D50 CMW D505F CMW D50F CMW D510F CMW D56

58 58 58 58 58

Noble, Silver, Silver Palladium 60Ag40Pd 70Ag30Pd 90Ag10Pd 97Ag3Pd CMW Elkonium 45 CMW Elkonium 46 Noble, Silver, Silver Platinum 97Ag3Pt CMW Elkonium 36 Noble, Silver, Unclassified Ag Ag Ag Ag CMW Elkonium 28 CMW Elkonium 63

Thermostat Metals, Unclassified, Unclassified 66.5Fe22Ni8.5Cr 67Ni30Cu1.4Fe1Mn 72Mn18Cu10Ni 75Fe22Ni3Cr 75Fe22Ni3Cr

0.5818 u 0.5652 u 1.122 u 0.7813 u 0.1579 u

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

65 65 65 65 65

High Conductivity Materials / 59

Table 2.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Unclassified AL 4750 Armco 48 K75 KLF-125

0.48 u 0.48 u 0.0228 max 0.0489 max

289 u,d 289 u,d 13.71 max,d 29.41 max,d

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

Lead frame alloy Lead frame alloy

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

65 65 20 20

60 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.3a Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Aluminum Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m*

% IACS

Aluminum, Wrought, 1xxx Commercially Pure Aluminum 1060-H18 (A91060) 117 t 201 t 1060-O (A91060) 118 t 204 t 1100-H18 (A91100) 108 t 187 t 1100-O (A91100) 113 t 194 t 1350-All (A91350) 118 t 204 t Aluminum, Wrought, 2xxx Aluminum Copper 2011-T3 (A92011) 71 t 123 t 2011-T8 (A92011)

82 t

2014-O (A92014)

92 t

2014-T4 (A92014)

63 t

2014-T6 (A92014)

74 t

2017-O (A92017)

92 t

2017-T4 (A92017)

63 t

2018-T61 (A92018)

74 t

2024-O (A92024)

93 t

142 t 159 t 108 t 127 t 159 t 108 t 127 t 160 t 2024-T3 (A92024)

56 t

2024-T361 (A92024)

56 t

2024-T4 (A92024)

56 t

2024-T6 (A92024)

71 t

2024-T81 (A92024)

71 t

2024-T861 (A92024)

71 t

2025-T6 (A92025)

74 t

2036-T4 (A92036)

78 t

96 t 96 t 96 t 122 t 122 t 122 t 128 t

2038-T4 (A92038) 2117-T4 (A92117)

135 t 132 t 75 t

Temperature oF oC

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Notes

Reference

3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1

Obsolete, EC Grade Obsolete, EC Grade

3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 54 3

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References. *Ref 3 reports conductivity for equal mass at 20 o C in MS/m, MS/m=0.58 x %IACS.

High Conductivity Materials / 61

Table 2.3a Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Aluminum Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m*

Aluminum, Wrought, 2xxx Aluminum Copper 2117-T4 (A92117) 2124-T851 (A92124) 71 t

% IACS

130 t

73 t

2219-O (A92219)

80 t

2219-T31 (A92219)

57 t

2219-T37 (A92219)

57 t

2219-T6 (A92219)

58 t

2219-T81 (A92219)

58 t

2219-T87 (A92219)

58 t

2618-T6 (A92618)

70 t

1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1

158 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1

172 t

20 20

68 68

3 1

138 t 88 t 88 t 94 t 94 t 94 t 120 t Aluminum, Wrought, 3xxx Aluminum Manganese 3003-H12 (A93003) 78 t 137 t 78 t

3003-H18 (A93003)

74 t

3003-O (A93003)

92 t

3004-All (A93004)

79 t

3105-All (A93105)

86 t

134 t 130 t 163 t 137 t 148 t Aluminum, Wrought, 4xxx Aluminum Silicon 4032-O (A94032) 77 t 132 t 4032-T6 (A94032)

67 t

4043-O (A94043)

81 t

4045-All (A94045)

88 t

4343-All (A94343)

92 t

Reference

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

126 t

3003-H14 (A93003)

Notes

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

122 t 2218-T72 (A92218)

Temperature oF oC

116 t 140 t 151 t

Aluminum, Wrought, 5xxx Aluminum Magnesium 5005-All (A95005) 100 t

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References. *Ref 3 reports conductivity for equal mass at 20 o C in MS/m, MS/m=0.58 x %IACS.

62 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.3a Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Aluminum Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m*

% IACS

Aluminum, Wrought, 5xxx Aluminum Magnesium 5050-All (A95050) 96 t

Temperature oF oC

180 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Aluminum, Wrought, 6xxx Aluminum Magnesium Silicon 6005-T1 (A96005) 90 t 155 t 6005-T5 (A96005) 93 t 161 t 6009-All (A96009) 83.5 t,d 144 t 6010-All (A96010) 128 t 6053-O (A96053) 86 t 148 t 6053-T4 (A96053) 81 t 132 t 6053-T6 (A96053) 77 t 139 t 6061-O (A96061) 90 t 155 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

165 t 5052-All (A95052)

67 t

5056-H38 (A95056)

53 t

116 t 91 t 5056-O (A95056)

57 t

5083-O (A95083)

57 t

5086-All (A95086)

60 t

5154-All (A95154)

62 t

5252-All (A95252)

67 t

5254-All (A95254)

62 t

98 t 98 t 104 t 107 t 116 t 107 t 5356-O (A95356)

57 t

5454-H38 (A95456)

66 t

5454-O (A95454)

66 t

5456-O (A95456)

57 t

5457-All (A95457)

89 t

5652-All (A95652)

69 t

98 t 113 t 113 t 98 t 153 t 116 t 5657-All (A95657)

104 t

Notes

Reference

Obsolete Obsolete

3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1

Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete Obsolete

Obsolete Obsolete

Obsolete Obsolete

3 1 3 1 54 54 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References. *Ref 3 reports conductivity for equal mass at 20 o C in MS/m, MS/m=0.58 x %IACS.

High Conductivity Materials / 63

Table 2.3a Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Aluminum Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m*

% IACS

Aluminum, Wrought, 6xxx Aluminum Magnesium Silicon 6061-T4 (A96061) 77 t 132 t 6061-T6 (A96061) 82 t 142 t 6063-O (A96063) 111 t 191 t 6063-T1 (A96063) 96 t 165 t 6063-T5 (A96063) 105 t 181 t 6063-T6 (A96063) 102 t 175 t 6063-T83 (A96063) 102 t 175 t 6066-O (A96066) 77 t 132 t 6066-T6 (A96066) 71 t 122 t 6070-T6 (A96070) 84 t 145 t 6101-T6 (A96101) 109 t 188 t 6101-T61 (A96101) 113 t 194 t 6101-T63 (A96101) 111 t 191 t 6101-T64 (A96101) 115 t 198 t 6101-T65 (A96101) 111 t 191 t 6105-T1 (A96105) 88 t 151 t 6105-T5 (A96105) 96 t 165 t 6111-T4 (A96111) 76 t,d 131 t 6111-T6 (A96111) 85.3 t,d 147 t 6151-O (A96151) 103 t 178 t 6151-T4 (A96151) 80 t 138 t 6151-T6 (A96151) 86 t 148 t 6201-T81 (A96201) 104 t 180 t 6262-T9 (A96262) 84 t 145 t 6351-T6 (A96351) 88 t

Temperature oF oC

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Notes

Reference

3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 54 54 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References. *Ref 3 reports conductivity for equal mass at 20 o C in MS/m, MS/m=0.58 x %IACS.

64 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.3a Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Aluminum Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m*

% IACS

Aluminum, Wrought, 6xxx Aluminum Magnesium Silicon 6351-T6 (A96351) 151 t 6463-T1 (A96463) 96 t 165 t 6463-T5 (A96463) 105 t 181 t 6463-T6 (A96463) 102 t 175 t 6951-O (A96951) 108 t 186 t 6951-T6 (A96951) 100 t 172 t Aluminum, Wrought, 7xxx Aluminum Zinc 7021-T61 (A97021) 78.3 t,d 7029-T5 (A97029) 77.1 t,d 7029-T6 (A97029) 77.1 t,d 7049-T73 (A97049) 77 t

135 t 133 t 133 t 132 t

7050-T74 (A97050)

78 t

7072-O (A97072)

112 t

7075-T6 (A97075)

61 t

135 t 193 t

7116-T5 (A97116) 7129-T5 (A97129) 7129-T6 (A97129) 7175-T74 (A97175) 7178-T6 (A97178)

85.8 t,d 77.1 t,d 77.1 72 t 57 t

7475-T61 (A97475) 7475-T651 (A97475) 7475-T7351 (A97475) 7475-T76 (A97475) 7475-T761 (A97475) Alcoa 7021-T61 Alcoa 7029-T5

69 t 69 t 81 t 77 t 77 t

105 t 148 t 133 t 133 t

98 t 119 t,d 119 t,d 140 t,d 133 t,d 133 t,d 135 u 133 u

Aluminum, Wrought, 8xxx Aluminum-Other Elements 8017-H12 (A98017) 113 t 8017-H212 (A98017) 117 t 200 t 8017-H22 (A98017) 8030-H221 (A98030)

113 t 117 t

8176-H24 (A98176)

117 t

201 t 201 t

Temperature oF oC

Notes

Reference

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

54 54 54 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 54 54 54 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 66 66

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

T74 previously T73 and T736 T74 previously T73 and T736 T74 previously T73 and T736 T74 previously T73 and T736

Auto bumper Auto bumper

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References. *Ref 3 reports conductivity for equal mass at 20 o C in MS/m, MS/m=0.58 x %IACS.

3 3 1 3 3 1 3 1

High Conductivity Materials / 65

Table 2.3b Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Copper Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

2

Sm /g

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Copper, Wrought, Aluminum Bronze ASTM B422 C63800 (C63800)

0.652 min,d

10.00 min,d

20

68

Sheet and strip

44

2.610 min,d

40.00 min,d

20

68

78

3.588 min,d

55.01 min,d

20

68

78

5.219 min,d

80.00 min,d

20

68

78

6.339 min,d

97.16 min,d

20

68

6.274 min,d

96.16 min,d

20

68

ASTM B115 Grade 2 ASTM B152 C10100-Hxx (C10100)

6.524 min,d 6.405 min,d

100.00 min,d 98.17 min,d

20 20

68 68

ASTM B152 C10100-O60 (C10100)

6.589 min,d

101.00 min,d

20

68

ASTM B152 C10200-Hxx (C10200)

6.339 min,d

97.16 min,d

20

68

ASTM B152 C10200-O60 (C10200)

6.524 min,d

100.00 min,d

20

68

ASTM B152 C11000-Hxx (C11000)

6.339 min,d

97.16 min,d

20

68

ASTM B152 C11000-O60 (C11000)

6.524 min,d

100.00 min,d

20

68

ASTM B152 C12000-Hxx (C12000)

5.741 min,d

88.00 min,d

20

68

ASTM B152 C12000-Oxx (C12000)

5.872 min,d

90.00 min,d

20

68

ASTM B170 Grade 1 (C10100)

6.589 min,d

101.00 min,d

20

68

ASTM B170 Grade 2 (C10200)

6.524 min,d

100.00 min,d

20

68

ASTM B187 C10100-H04 (C10100)

6.483 min,d

99.37 min,d

20

68

6.416 min,d

98.35 min,d

20

68

6.589 min,d 6.420 min,d

101.00 min,d 98.40 min,d

20 20

68 68

6.354 min,d

97.40 min,d

20

68

6.524 min,d 6.274 min,d 6.405 min,d 6.420 min,d

100.00 min,d 96.16 min,d 98.17 min,d 98.40 min,d

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

Copper, Wrought, Bronze ASTM B9 Bronze Trolly Wire Alloy 40 ASTM B9 Bronze Trolly Wire Alloy 55 ASTM B9 Bronze Trolly Wire Alloy 80

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B1 Hard-Drawn Copper Wire

ASTM B187 C10100-O60 (C10100) ASTM B187 C10200-H04 (C10200)

ASTM B187 C10200-O60 (C10200) ASTM B187 C10300-H04 (C10300) ASTM B187 C10300-O60 (C10300) ASTM B187 C10400-H04 (C10400)

8.255 mm (0.325 in.) <= d < 11.684 mm (0.460 in.). Test ASTM B 193 1.024 mm (0.0403 in.) <= d < 08.255 mm (0.325 in.). Test ASTM B 193 Electrolytic cathode. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Oxygen free electrolytic wire bars, billets, and cakes. Test to ASTM B 193 Oxygen free electrolytic wire bars, billets, and cakes. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

75 75 31 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 34 34 36

36

36 36

36

36 36 36 36

66 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.3b Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Copper Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

2

Sm /g

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B187 C10400-H04 (C10400)

6.354 min,d

97.40 min,d

20

68

ASTM B187 C10400-O60 (C10400) ASTM B187 C10500-H04 (C10500)

6.524 min,d 6.420 min,d

100.00 min,d 98.40 min,d

20 20

68 68

6.354 min,d

97.40 min,d

20

68

6.524 min,d 6.420 min,d

100.00 min,d 98.40 min,d

20 20

68 68

6.354 min,d

97.40 min,d

20

68

6.524 min,d 6.420 min,d

100.00 min,d 98.40 min,d

20 20

68 68

6.354 min,d

97.40 min,d

20

68

6.524 min,d 6.420 min,d

100.00 min,d 98.40 min,d

20 20

68 68

6.354 min,d

97.40 min,d

20

68

6.524 min,d 6.420 min,d

100.00 min,d 98.40 min,d

20 20

68 68

6.354 min,d

97.40 min,d

20

68

6.524 min,d 6.420 min,d

100.00 min,d 98.40 min,d

20 20

68 68

6.354 min,d

97.40 min,d

20

68

6.524 min,d 6.420 min,d

100.00 min,d 98.40 min,d

20 20

68 68

6.354 min,d

97.40 min,d

20

68

6.524 min,d

100.00 min,d

20

68

ASTM B187 C10500-O60 (C10500) ASTM B187 C10700-H04 (C10700)

ASTM B187 C10700-O60 (C10700) ASTM B187 C10920-H04 (C10920)

ASTM B187 C10920-O60 (C10920) ASTM B187 C10930-H04 (C10930)

ASTM B187 C10930-O60 (C10930) ASTM B187 C10940-H04 (C10940)

ASTM B187 C10940-O60 (C10940) ASTM B187 C11000-H04 (C11000)

ASTM B187 C11000-O60 (C11000) ASTM B187 C11300-H04 (C11300)

ASTM B187 C11300-O60 (C11300)

Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

36

36 36

36

36 36

36

36 36

36

36 36

36

36 36

36

36 36

36

36 36

36

36

High Conductivity Materials / 67

Table 2.3b Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Copper Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

Sm 2 /g

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B187 C11400-H04 (C11400)

6.420 min,d

98.40 min,d

20

68

6.354 min,d

97.40 min,d

20

68

6.524 min,d 6.420 min,d

100.00 min,d 98.40 min,d

20 20

68 68

6.354 min,d

97.40 min,d

20

68

6.524 min,d 6.420 min,d

100.00 min,d 98.40 min,d

20 20

68 68

6.354 min,d

97.40 min,d

20

68

6.524 min,d 6.132 min,d 6.198 min,d 6.589 min,d

100.00 min,d 93.99 min,d 95.00 min,d 101.00 min,d

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

6.483 min,d

99.37 min,d

20

68

6.443 min,d

98.75 min,d

20

68

6.416 min,d

98.35 min,d

20

68

6.364 min,d

97.55 min,d

20

68

6.303 min,d

96.61 min,d

20

68

6.420 min,d

98.40 min,d

20

68

6.380 min,d

97.80 min,d

20

68

6.354 min,d

97.40 min,d

20

68

6.354 min,d

97.40 min,d

20

68

6.303 min,d

96.61 min,d

20

68

ASTM B188 C10200-O60 (C10200)

6.524 min,d

100.00 min,d

20

68

ASTM B188 C10300-H80 (C10300)

6.274 min,d

96.16 min,d

20

68

ASTM B188 C10300-O60 (C10300)

6.405 min,d

98.17 min,d

20

68

ASTM B188 C10400-H80 (C10400)

6.420 min,d

98.40 min,d

20

68

ASTM B187 C11400-O60 (C11400) ASTM B187 C11500-H04 (C11500)

ASTM B187 C11500-O60 (C11500) ASTM B187 C11600-H04 (C11600)

ASTM B187 C11600-O60 (C11600) ASTM B187 C14420-H04 (C14420) ASTM B187 C14420-O60 (C14420) ASTM B188 C10100-O60 (C10100)

ASTM B188 C10200-H80 (C10200)

Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

36

36

36 36

36

36 36

36

36 36 36 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37

68 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.3b Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Copper Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

2

Sm /g

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B188 C10400-H80 (C10400)

6.380 min,d

97.80 min,d

20

68

6.354 min,d

97.40 min,d

20

68

6.354 min,d

97.40 min,d

20

68

6.303 min,d

96.61 min,d

20

68

ASTM B188 C10400-O60 (C10400)

6.524 min,d

100.00 min,d

20

68

ASTM B188 C10500-H80 (C10500)

6.420 min,d

98.40 min,d

20

68

6.380 min,d

97.80 min,d

20

68

6.354 min,d

97.40 min,d

20

68

6.354 min,d

97.40 min,d

20

68

6.303 min,d

96.61 min,d

20

68

ASTM B188 C10500-O60 (C10500)

6.524 min,d

100.00 min,d

20

68

ASTM B188 C10700-H80 (C10700)

6.420 min,d

98.40 min,d

20

68

6.380 min,d

97.80 min,d

20

68

6.354 min,d

97.40 min,d

20

68

6.354 min,d

97.40 min,d

20

68

6.303 min,d

96.61 min,d

20

68

ASTM B188 C10700-O60 (C10700)

6.524 min,d

100.00 min,d

20

68

ASTM B188 C11000-H80 (C10920)

6.420 min,d

98.40 min,d

20

68

6.380 min,d

97.80 min,d

20

68

6.354 min,d

97.40 min,d

20

68

6.354 min,d

97.40 min,d

20

68

6.303 min,d

96.61 min,d

20

68

ASTM B188 C11000-O60 (C10920)

6.524 min,d

100.00 min,d

20

68

ASTM B188 C11300-H80 (C10930)

6.420 min,d

98.40 min,d

20

68

6.380 min,d

97.80 min,d

20

68

6.354 min,d

97.40 min,d

20

68

6.354 min,d

97.40 min,d

20

68

Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37

High Conductivity Materials / 69

Table 2.3b Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Copper Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

2

Sm /g

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B188 C11300-H80 (C10930)

6.303 min,d

96.61 min,d

20

68

ASTM B188 C11300-O60 (C10930)

6.524 min,d

100.00 min,d

20

68

ASTM B188 C11400-H80 (C10940)

6.420 min,d

98.40 min,d

20

68

6.380 min,d

97.80 min,d

20

68

6.354 min,d

97.40 min,d

20

68

6.354 min,d

97.40 min,d

20

68

6.303 min,d

96.61 min,d

20

68

ASTM B188 C11400-O60 (C10940)

6.524 min,d

100.00 min,d

20

68

ASTM B188 C11600-H80 (C11000)

6.420 min,d

98.40 min,d

20

68

6.380 min,d

97.80 min,d

20

68

6.354 min,d

97.40 min,d

20

68

6.354 min,d

97.40 min,d

20

68

6.303 min,d

96.61 min,d

20

68

ASTM B188 C11600-O60 (C11000)

6.524 min,d

100.00 min,d

20

68

ASTM B188 C12000-H80 (C11300)

5.741 min,d

88.00 min,d

20

68

ASTM B188 C12000-O60 (C11300)

5.872 min,d

90.00 min,d

20

68

ASTM B2 Medium-HardDrawn Copper Wire

6.372 min,d

97.66 min,d

20

68

6.306 min,d

96.66 min,d

20

68

6.339 min,d 6.524 min,d 6.524 min,d

97.16 min,d 100.00 min,d 100.00 min,d

20 20 20

68 68 68

5.545 min,d 4.893 min,d 5.872 min,d 6.372 min,d

85.00 min,d 75.00 min,d 90.00 min,d 97.66 min,d

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

6.339 min,d

97.16 min,d

20

68

6.274 min,d

96.16 min,d

20

68

6.143 min,d

94.16 min,d

20

68

6.078 min,d

93.15 min,d

20

68

ASTM B272-H04 ASTM B272-O61 ASTM B3 Soft or Annealed Copper Wire ASTM B301 C14500 (C14500) ASTM B301 C14520 (C14520) ASTM B301 C14700 (C14700) ASTM B33 Tinned Soft or Annealed Copper Wire

Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 8.255 mm (0.325 in.) <= d < 11.684 mm (0.460 in.). Test ASTM B 193 1.024 mm (0.0403 in.) <= d < 08.255 mm (0.325 in.). Test ASTM B 193 Flat wire, strip. Test to ASTM B 193 Flat wire, strip. Test to ASTM B 193

Free-cutting rod and bar Free-cutting rod and bar Free-cutting rod and bar 7.366 mm (0.290 in.) <= d < 11.684 mm (0.460 in.) 2.616 mm (0.103 in.) <= d < 7.366 mm (0.290 in.) 0.511 mm (0.0201 in.) <= d < 2.616 mm (0.103 in.) 0.282 mm (0.0111 in.) <= d < 0.511 mm (0.0201 in.) 0.076 mm (0.0030 in.) <= d < 0.282 mm (0.0111 in.)

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 76 76 38 38 77 39 39 39 79 79 79 79 79

70 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.3b Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Copper Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

2

Sm /g

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B372 C10200 (C10200) ASTM B372 C10300 (C10300) ASTM B372 C12000 (C12000) ASTM B379 C10300 (C10300) ASTM B379 C10800 (C10800) ASTM B447 C10100-H58 (C10100) ASTM B447 C10100-O61 (C10100) ASTM B447 C10200-H58 (C10200) ASTM B447 C10200-O61 (C10200) ASTM B447 C10300-H58 (C10300) ASTM B447 C10300-O61 (C10300) ASTM B447 C11000-H58 (C11000) ASTM B447 C11000-O61 (C11000) ASTM B447 C12000-H58 (C12000) ASTM B447 C12000-O61 (C12000) ASTM B451

6.354 min,d 6.274 min,d 5.741 min,d 6.405 min,d 5.854 min,d 6.405 min,d 6.589 min,d 6.354 min,d 6.524 min,d 6.274 min,d 6.405 min,d 6.339 min,d 6.524 min,d 5.741 min,d 5.872 min,d 6.274 min,d

97.40 min,d 96.16 min,d 88.00 min,d 98.17 min,d 89.73 min,d 98.17 min,d 101.00 min,d 97.40 min,d 100.00 min,d 96.16 min,d 98.17 min,d 97.16 min,d 100.00 min,d 88.00 min,d 90.00 min,d 96.16 min,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

ASTM B47 Copper Trolly Wire ASTM B49 C10100 (C10100) ASTM B49 C10200 (C10200) ASTM B49 C11000 (C11000) ASTM B49 C11040 (C11040) ASTM B5 ETP (C11000)

6.113 min,d 6.339 min,d 6.589 min,d 6.524 min,d 6.524 min,d 6.524 min,d 6.524 min,d

93.69 min,d 97.16 min,d 101.00 min,d 100.00 min,d 100.00 min,d 100.00 min,d 100.00 min,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68

6.372 min,d

97.66 min,d

20

68

6.372 min,d 6.524 min,d

97.66 min,d 100.00 min,d

20 20

68 68

6.372 min,d 6.372 min,d

97.66 min,d 97.66 min,d

20 20

68 68

ASTM B623 FRHC (C11020)

6.524 min,d

100.00 min,d

20

68

ASTM B75 C10100-H55 (C10100) ASTM B75 C10100-H58 (C10100) ASTM B75 C10100-H80 (C10100) ASTM B75 C10100-O50 (C10100) ASTM B75 C10100-O60 (C10100) ASTM B75 C10200-H55 (C10200) ASTM B75 C10200-H58 (C10200) ASTM B75 C10200-H80 (C10200) ASTM B75 C10200-O50 (C10200) ASTM B75 C10200-O60 (C10200) ASTM B75 C10300-H55 (C10300) ASTM B75 C10300-H58 (C10300)

6.372 min,d 6.372 min,d 6.405 min,d 6.405 min,d 6.405 min,d 6.589 min,d 6.589 min,d 6.354 min,d 6.354 min,d 6.354 min,d 6.524 min,d 6.524 min,d 6.274 min,d 6.274 min,d

97.66 min,d 97.66 min,d 98.17 min,d 98.17 min,d 98.17 min,d 101.00 min,d 101.00 min,d 97.40 min,d 97.40 min,d 97.40 min,d 100.00 min,d 100.00 min,d 96.16 min,d 96.16 min,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

ASTM B5 FRHC (C11020)

Seamless waveguide tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless waveguide tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless waveguide tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Phosphorized shapes. Test to ASTM B 193 Phosphorized shapes. Test to ASTM B 193 Welded tube Welded tube Welded tube Welded tube Welded tube Welded tube Welded tube Welded tube Welded tube Welded tube All weights except 1/2 oz/ft**2. Test to ASTM B 193 1/2 oz/ft**2. Test to ASTM B 193 Redraw rod, OFE. Test to ASTM B 193 Redraw rod, OF. Test to ASTM B 193 Redraw rod, ETP. Test to ASTM B 193 Redraw rod, ETP. Test to ASTM B 193 Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for electical use. Test to ASTM B 193 Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for nonelectical use. Test to ASTM B 193 Ingots, ingot bars. Test to ASTM B 193 Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for electical use. Test to ASTM B 193 Ingots, ingot bars. Test to ASTM B 193 Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for nonelectical use. Test to ASTM B 193 Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for electical use. Test to ASTM B 193 Ingot, ingot bars. Test to ASTM B 193 For nonelectrical use. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

40 40 40 41 41 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 47 47 80 25 25 25 25 23 23 23 23 23 23 50 50 50 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30

High Conductivity Materials / 71

Table 2.3b Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Copper Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

2

Sm /g

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B75 C10300-H80 (C10300) ASTM B75 C10300-O50 (C10300) ASTM B75 C10300-O60 (C10300) ASTM B75 C12000-H55 (C12000) ASTM B75 C12000-H58 (C12000) ASTM B75 C12000-H80 (C12000) ASTM B75 C12000-O50 (C12000) ASTM B75 C12000-O60 (C12000) ASTM F68 (C10100)

6.274 min,d 6.405 min,d 6.405 min,d 5.741 min,d 5.741 min,d 5.741 min,d 5.872 min,d 5.872 min,d 6.589 min,d

96.16 min,d 98.17 min,d 98.17 min,d 88.00 min,d 88.00 min,d 88.00 min,d 90.00 min,d 90.00 min,d 101.00 min,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193 For electron devices. Test to ASTM B 193

30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 53

2.372 min,d 2.372 min,d 2.284 min,d 2.372 min,d 0.652 min,d

36.36 min,d 36.36 min,d 35.00 min,d 36.36 min,d 10.00 min,d

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip, obsolete

44 44 44 44 44

5.872 min,d 5.872 min,d 5.872 min,d 5.872 min,d 5.872 min,d 5.872 min,d 6.197 min,d

90.00 min,d 90.00 min,d 90.00 min,d 90.00 min,d 90.00 min,d 90.00 min,d 94.99 min,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip

52 52 52 52 52 52 52

5.872 min,d 3.914 min,d 3.914 min,d 3.914 min,d 3.914 min,d 3.914 min,d 3.914 min,d 3.914 min,d 3.914 min,d 4.241 min,d 4.241 min,d 4.241 min,d 4.241 min,d 3.914 min,d 3.914 min,d 3.914 min,d 3.914 min,d 3.914 min,d 3.914 min,d 3.914 min,d 3.914 min,d

90.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 65.00 min,d 65.00 min,d 65.00 min,d 65.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 60.00 min,d 60.00 min,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Free-cutting rod and bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

39 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48

Copper, Wrought, Copper Nickel ASTM B422 C70250-TM00 (C70250) ASTM B422 C70250-TM02 (C70250) ASTM B422 C70250-TM03 (C70250) ASTM B422 C70250-TR02 (C70250) ASTM B422 C72400 (C72400) Copper, Wrought, Copper Zirconium ASTM B747 C15100-H01 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H02 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H03 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H04 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H06 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H08 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-OS015 (C15100) Copper, Wrought, High Copper ASTM B301 C18700 (C18700) ASTM B465 C19200-H01 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H02 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H03 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H04 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H06 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H08 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H10 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H14 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-O50 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-O60 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-O61 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-O62 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19400-H01 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H02 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H03 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H04 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H06 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H08 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H10 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H14 (C19400)

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

72 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.3b Weight Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Copper Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

Sm 2 /g

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Copper, Wrought, High Copper ASTM B465 C19400-O50 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-O60 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-O61 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-O62 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19500-H01 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H02 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H03 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H04 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H06 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H08 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H10 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H14 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-O50 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-O60 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-O61 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-O62 (C19500)

4.241 to 4.893 min,d 4.241 to 4.893 min,d 4.241 to 4.893 min,d 4.241 to 4.893 min,d 2.926 min,d 2.926 min,d 2.926 min,d 2.926 min,d 2.926 min,d 2.926 min,d 2.926 min,d 2.926 min,d 3.251 min,d 3.251 min,d 3.251 min,d 3.251 min,d

65.00 to 75.00 min,d 65.00 to 75.00 min,d 65.00 to 75.00 min,d 65.00 to 75.00 min,d 44.85 min,d 44.85 min,d 44.85 min,d 44.85 min,d 44.85 min,d 44.85 min,d 44.85 min,d 44.85 min,d 49.83 min,d 49.83 min,d 49.83 min,d 49.83 min,d

1.696 to 2.871 min,d 1.696 to 2.871 min,d

26.00 to 44.45 min,d 26.00 to 44.45 min,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48

20

68

Rod and bar

42

20

68

Wire. Test to ASTM B 193

43

Copper, Wrought, Silicon Bronze ASTM B411 C64700-TF00 (C64700) ASTM B412 C64700 (C64700)

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

High Conductivity Materials / 73

Table 2.4 Weight Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

2 Ω g/m

2 Ω lb/mile

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Copper, Wrought, Aluminum Bronze ASTM B422 C63800 (C63800)

1.5328 fio

8752.29 fio,d

20

68

Sheet and strip

44

0.38320 max

2188 max,as spec 1591 max,as spec 1094 max,as spec

20

68

78

20

68

78

20

68

78

20

68

Copper, Wrought, Bronze ASTM B9 Bronze Trolly Wire Alloy 40 ASTM B9 Bronze Trolly Wire Alloy 55 ASTM B9 Bronze Trolly Wire Alloy 80

0.27868 max 0.19160 max

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B1 Hard-Drawn Copper Wire

0.15775 max

900.77 max,as spec 910.15 max,as spec 875.23 max,d

20

68

20

68

891.56 max,d

20

68

866.55 max,d

20

68

900.75 max,d

20

68

875.23 max,d

20

68

900.75 max,d

20

68

875.23 max,d

20

68

994.57 max,d

20

68

972.47 max,d

20

68

866.55 max,d

20

68

875.23 max,d

20

68

880.77 max,d

20

68

0.15585 max,as spec

889.90 max,d

20

68

0.15176 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec

866.55 max,d

20

68

898.58 max,d

20

68

0.15577 max,as spec

889.45 max,d

20

68

0.15328 max,as spec 0.15940 max,as spec 0.15614 max,as spec

875.23 max,d

20

910.17 max,d 891.56 max,d

0.15940 max ASTM B115 Grade 2 ASTM B152 C10100-Hxx (C10100) ASTM B152 C10100-O60 (C10100) ASTM B152 C10200-Hxx (C10200) ASTM B152 C10200-O60 (C10200) ASTM B152 C11000-Hxx (C11000) ASTM B152 C11000-O60 (C11000) ASTM B152 C12000-Hxx (C12000) ASTM B152 C12000-Oxx (C12000) ASTM B170 Grade 1 (C10100) ASTM B170 Grade 2 (C10200) ASTM B187 C10100-H04 (C10100)

ASTM B187 C10100-O60 (C10100) ASTM B187 C10200-H04 (C10200)

ASTM B187 C10200-O60 (C10200) ASTM B187 C10300-H04 (C10300) ASTM B187 C10300-O60 (C10300)

0.15328 max,as spec 0.15614 max,as spec 0.15176 max,as spec 0.15775 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15775 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.17418 max,as spec 0.17031 max,as spec 0.15176 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15425 max,as spec

8.255 mm (0.325 in.) <= d < 11.684 mm (0.460 in.). Test ASTM B 193 1.024 mm (0.0403 in.) <= d < 08.255 mm (0.325 in.). Test ASTM B 193 Electrolytic cathode. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Sheet, strip, plate, rolled bar. Test to ASTM B 193 Oxygen free electrolytic wire bars, billets, and cakes. Test to ASTM B 193 Oxygen free electrolytic wire bars, billets, and cakes. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193

75 75 31 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 34 34 36

36

36

68

Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193

36

20

68

Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193

36

20

68

Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193

36

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

36

36

74 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.4 Weight Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

2

Ω g/m

Ω lb/mile

2

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B187 C10400-H04 (C10400)

ASTM B187 C10400-O60 (C10400) ASTM B187 C10500-H04 (C10500)

ASTM B187 C10500-O60 (C10500) ASTM B187 C10700-H04 (C10700)

ASTM B187 C10700-O60 (C10700) ASTM B187 C10920-H04 (C10920)

ASTM B187 C10920-O60 (C10920) ASTM B187 C10930-H04 (C10930)

ASTM B187 C10930-O60 (C10930) ASTM B187 C10940-H04 (C10940)

ASTM B187 C10940-O60 (C10940) ASTM B187 C11000-H04 (C11000)

ASTM B187 C11000-O60 (C11000)

0.15737 max,as spec

898.58 max,d

20

68

0.15577 max,as spec

889.45 max,d

20

68

0.15328 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec

875.23 max,d

20

68

898.58 max,d

20

68

0.15577 max,as spec

889.45 max,d

20

68

0.15328 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec

875.23 max,d

20

68

898.58 max,d

20

68

0.15577 max,as spec

889.45 max,d

20

68

0.15328 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec

875.23 max,d

20

68

898.58 max,d

20

68

0.15577 max,as spec

889.45 max,d

20

68

0.15328 max,as spec 0.15577 max,as spec

875.23 max,d

20

68

889.45 max,d

20

68

0.15737 max,as spec

898.58 max,d

20

68

0.15328 max,as spec 0.15577 max,as spec

875.23 max,d

20

68

889.45 max,d

20

68

0.15737 max,as spec

898.58 max,d

20

68

0.15328 max,as spec 0.15577 max,as spec

875.23 max,d

20

68

889.45 max,d

20

68

0.15737 max,as spec

898.58 max,d

20

68

0.15328 max,as spec

875.23 max,d

20

68

Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

36

36

36 36

36

36 36

36

36 36

36

36 36

36

36 36

36

36 36

36

36

High Conductivity Materials / 75

Table 2.4 Weight Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

2

Ω g/m

Ω lb/mile

2

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B187 C11300-H04 (C11300)

ASTM B187 C11300-O60 (C11300) ASTM B187 C11400-H04 (C11400)

ASTM B187 C11400-O60 (C11400) ASTM B187 C11500-H04 (C11500)

ASTM B187 C11500-O60 (C11500) ASTM B187 C11600-H04 (C11600)

ASTM B187 C11600-O60 (C11600) ASTM B187 C14420-H04 (C14420) ASTM B187 C14420-O60 (C14420) ASTM B188 C10100-O60 (C10100)

ASTM B188 C10200-H80 (C10200)

0.15577 max,as spec

889.45 max,d

20

68

0.15737 max,as spec

898.58 max,d

20

68

0.15328 max,as spec 0.15577 max,as spec

875.23 max,d

20

68

889.45 max,d

20

68

0.15737 max,as spec

898.58 max,d

20

68

0.15328 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec

875.23 max,d

20

68

898.58 max,d

20

68

0.15577 max,as spec

889.45 max,d

20

68

0.15328 max,as spec 0.15577 max,as spec

875.23 max,d

20

68

889.45 max,d

20

68

0.15737 max,as spec

898.58 max,d

20

68

0.15328 max,as spec 0.16307 max,as spec 0.16135 max,as spec 0.15865 max,as spec 0.15713 max,as spec 0.15521 max,as spec 0.15176 max,as spec 0.15425 max,as spec 0.15585 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15673 max,as spec 0.15577 max,as spec 0.15865 max,as spec

875.23 max,d

20

931.13 max,d

Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193

36

36

36 36

36

36 36

36

36

68

Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod 50.8 mm (2 in.) < d <= 76.2 mm (3 in.), bar > 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick, all shapes, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Rod <= 50.8 mm (2 in.), bar <= 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) thick and 102 mm (4 in.) wide, test to ASTM B 193 Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193

36

20

68

Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193

36

921.31 max,d

20

68

Bar, bus bar, rod, shps. Test to ASTM B 193

36

905.89 max,d

20

68

37

897.21 max,d

20

68

886.25 max,d

20

68

866.55 max,d

20

68

880.77 max,d

20

68

889.90 max,d

20

68

898.58 max,d

20

68

894.93 max,d

20

68

889.45 max,d

20

68

905.89 max,d

20

68

Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

36

36

37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37

76 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.4 Weight Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

2

Ω g/m

Ω lb/mile

2

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B188 C10200-H80 (C10200) ASTM B188 C10200-O60 (C10200) ASTM B188 C10300-H80 (C10300) ASTM B188 C10300-O60 (C10300) ASTM B188 C10400-H80 (C10400)

ASTM B188 C10400-O60 (C10400) ASTM B188 C10500-H80 (C10500)

ASTM B188 C10500-O60 (C10500) ASTM B188 C10700-H80 (C10700)

ASTM B188 C10700-O60 (C10700) ASTM B188 C11000-H80 (C10920)

0.15737 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15940 max,as spec 0.15614 max,as spec 0.15577 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15673 max,as spec 0.15865 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15865 max,as spec 0.15577 max,as spec 0.15673 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15577 max,as spec 0.15865 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15673 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15673 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15577 max,as spec 0.15865 max,as spec

898.58 max,d

20

68

875.23 max,d

20

68

910.17 max,d

20

68

891.56 max,d

20

68

889.45 max,d

20

68

898.58 max,d

20

68

898.58 max,d

20

68

894.93 max,d

20

68

905.89 max,d

20

68

875.23 max,d

20

68

898.58 max,d

20

68

905.89 max,d

20

68

889.45 max,d

20

68

894.93 max,d

20

68

898.58 max,d

20

68

875.23 max,d

20

68

898.58 max,d

20

68

889.45 max,d

20

68

905.89 max,d

20

68

898.58 max,d

20

68

894.93 max,d

20

68

875.23 max,d

20

68

894.93 max,d

20

68

898.58 max,d

20

68

898.58 max,d

20

68

889.45 max,d

20

68

905.89 max,d

20

68

Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37

High Conductivity Materials / 77

Table 2.4 Weight Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

2

Ω g/m

Ω lb/mile

2

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B188 C11000-O60 (C10920) ASTM B188 C11300-H80 (C10930)

ASTM B188 C11300-O60 (C10930) ASTM B188 C11400-H80 (C10940)

ASTM B188 C11400-O60 (C10940) ASTM B188 C11600-H80 (C11000)

ASTM B188 C11600-O60 (C11000) ASTM B188 C12000-H80 (C11300) ASTM B188 C12000-O60 (C11300) ASTM B2 Medium-HardDrawn Copper Wire

0.15328 max,as spec 0.15577 max,as spec 0.15865 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15673 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15577 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15673 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15865 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15673 max,as spec 0.15865 max,as spec 0.15577 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.17418 max,as spec 0.17031 max,as spec 0.15694 max 0.15857 max

ASTM B272-H04 ASTM B272-O61 ASTM B3 Soft or Annealed Copper Wire ASTM B301 C14500 (C14500)

0.15775 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15328 max 0.18033 max,as spec

875.23 max,d

20

68

68

Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t <= 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD > 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim <= 152 mm (6 in.), t > 4.8 mm (3/16 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Round OD <= 102 mm (4 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. Rect dim > 152 mm (6 in.), test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 Seamless pipe tube. All types and sizes, test to ASTM B 193 8.255 mm (0.325 in.) <= d < 11.684 mm (0.460 in.). Test ASTM B 193 1.024 mm (0.0403 in.) <= d < 08.255 mm (0.325 in.). Test ASTM B 193 Flat wire, strip. Test to ASTM B 193

889.45 max,d

20

68

905.89 max,d

20

68

898.58 max,d

20

68

894.93 max,d

20

68

898.58 max,d

20

68

875.23 max,d

20

68

889.45 max,d

20

68

898.58 max,d

20

68

894.93 max,d

20

68

898.58 max,d

20

68

905.89 max,d

20

68

875.23 max,d

20

68

898.58 max,d

20

68

898.58 max,d

20

68

894.93 max,d

20

68

905.89 max,d

20

68

889.45 max,d

20

68

875.23 max,d

20

68

994.57 max,d

20

68

972.47 max,d

20

68

896.15 max,as spec 905.44 max,as spec 900.75 max,d

20

68

20

68

20

875.23 max,d 875.20 max,as spec 1029.68 max,d

37

38

20

68

Flat wire, strip. Test to ASTM B 193

38

20

68

20

68

37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 76 76

77 Free-cutting rod and bar

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

39

78 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.4 Weight Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

2

Ω g/m

Ω lb/mile

2

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B301 C14520 (C14520) ASTM B301 C14700 (C14700) ASTM B33 Tinned Soft or Annealed Copper Wire

0.20437 max,as spec 0.17030 max,as spec 0.15694 max 0.15940 max 0.16279 max 0.15775 max

ASTM B372 C10200 (C10200) ASTM B372 C10300 (C10300) ASTM B372 C12000 (C12000) ASTM B379 C10300 (C10300) ASTM B379 C10800 (C10800) ASTM B447 C10100-H58 (C10100) ASTM B447 C10100-O61 (C10100) ASTM B447 C10200-H58 (C10200) ASTM B447 C10200-O61 (C10200) ASTM B447 C10300-H58 (C10300) ASTM B447 C10300-O61 (C10300) ASTM B447 C11000-H58 (C11000) ASTM B447 C11000-O61 (C11000) ASTM B447 C12000-H58 (C12000) ASTM B447 C12000-O61 (C12000) ASTM B451

ASTM B49 C10100 (C10100) ASTM B49 C10200 (C10200) ASTM B49 C11000 (C11000) ASTM B49 C11040 (C11040)

0.15737 max,if spec 0.15940 max,if spec 0.17418 max,if spec 0.15614 max,as spec 0.17081 max,as spec 0.15614 max,as spec 0.15176 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15940 max,as spec 0.15614 max,as spec 0.15775 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.17418 max,as spec 0.17031 max,as spec 0.16359 max,as spec 0.15940 max,as spec 0.15176 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec

1166.95 max,d

20

68

Free-cutting rod and bar

39

972.41 max,d

20

68

Free-cutting rod and bar

39

896.15 max,as spec 910.15 max,as spec 929.52 max,as spec 900.77 max,as spec 898.58 max,d

20

68

79

20

68

20

68

20

68

20

68

7.366 mm (0.290 in.) <= d < 11.684 mm (0.460 in.) 0.511 mm (0.0201 in.) <= d < 2.616 mm (0.103 in.) 0.282 mm (0.0111 in.) <= d < 0.511 mm (0.0201 in.) 2.616 mm (0.103 in.) <= d < 7.366 mm (0.290 in.) Seamless waveguide tube. Test to ASTM B 193

40

910.17 max,d

20

68

Seamless waveguide tube. Test to ASTM B 193

40

994.57 max,d

20

68

Seamless waveguide tube. Test to ASTM B 193

40

891.56 max,d

20

68

Phosphorized shapes. Test to ASTM B 193

41

975.33 max,d

20

68

Phosphorized shapes. Test to ASTM B 193

41

891.56 max,d

20

68

Welded tube

46

866.55 max,d

20

68

Welded tube

46

898.58 max,d

20

68

Welded tube

46

875.23 max,d

20

68

Welded tube

46

910.17 max,d

20

68

Welded tube

46

891.56 max,d

20

68

Welded tube

46

900.75 max,d

20

68

Welded tube

46

875.23 max,d

20

68

Welded tube

46

994.57 max,d

20

68

Welded tube

46

972.47 max,d

20

68

Welded tube

46

934.10 max,d

20

68

1/2 oz/ft**2. Test to ASTM B 193

47

910.17 max,d

20

68

47

866.55 max,d

20

68

All weights except 1/2 oz/ft**2. Test to ASTM B 193 Redraw rod, OFE. Test to ASTM B 193

25

875.23 max,d

20

68

Redraw rod, OF. Test to ASTM B 193

25

875.23 max,d

20

68

Redraw rod, ETP. Test to ASTM B 193

25

875.23 max,d

20

68

Redraw rod, ETP. Test to ASTM B 193

25

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

79 79 79

High Conductivity Materials / 79

Table 2.4 Weight Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

2

Ω g/m

Ω lb/mile

2

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B5 ETP (C11000)

ASTM B5 FRHC (C11020)

ASTM B623 FRHC (C11020)

ASTM B75 C10100-H55 (C10100) ASTM B75 C10100-H58 (C10100) ASTM B75 C10100-H80 (C10100) ASTM B75 C10100-O50 (C10100) ASTM B75 C10100-O60 (C10100) ASTM B75 C10200-H55 (C10200) ASTM B75 C10200-H58 (C10200) ASTM B75 C10200-H80 (C10200) ASTM B75 C10200-O50 (C10200) ASTM B75 C10200-O60 (C10200) ASTM B75 C10300-H55 (C10300) ASTM B75 C10300-H58 (C10300) ASTM B75 C10300-H80 (C10300) ASTM B75 C10300-O50 (C10300) ASTM B75 C10300-O60 (C10300) ASTM B75 C12000-H55 (C12000) ASTM B75 C12000-H58 (C12000) ASTM B75 C12000-H80 (C12000)

0.15694 max,as spec 0.15694 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15694 max,as spec 0.15694 max,as spec 0.15694 max,as spec 0.15694 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15614 max,as spec 0.15614 max,as spec 0.15614 max,as spec 0.15176 max,as spec 0.15176 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15737 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15328 max,as spec 0.15940 max,as spec 0.15940 max,as spec 0.15940 max,as spec 0.15614 max,as spec 0.15614 max,as spec 0.17418 max,as spec 0.17418 max,as spec 0.17418 max,as spec

896.13 max,d

20

68

896.13 max,d

20

68

875.23 max,d

20

68

875.23 max,d

20

68

896.13 max,d

20

68

896.13 max,d

20

896.13 max,d

Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for nonelectical use. Test to ASTM B 193 Ingots, ingot bars. Test to ASTM B 193

23 23

68

Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for electical use. Test to ASTM B 193 Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for electical use. Test to ASTM B 193 Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for nonelectical use. Test to ASTM B 193 Ingots, ingot bars. Test to ASTM B 193

23

20

68

Ingot, ingot bars. Test to ASTM B 193

50

896.13 max,d

20

68

For nonelectrical use. Test to ASTM B 193

50

875.23 max,d

20

68

50

891.56 max,d

20

68

Wire bar, cake, slab, billet for electical use. Test to ASTM B 193 Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193

30

891.56 max,d

20

68

Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193

30

891.56 max,d

20

68

Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193

30

866.55 max,d

20

68

Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193

30

866.55 max,d

20

68

Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193

30

898.58 max,d

20

68

Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193

30

898.58 max,d

20

68

Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193

30

898.58 max,d

20

68

Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193

30

875.23 max,d

20

68

Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193

30

875.23 max,d

20

68

Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193

30

910.17 max,d

20

68

Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193

30

910.17 max,d

20

68

Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193

30

910.17 max,d

20

68

Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193

30

891.56 max,d

20

68

Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193

30

891.56 max,d

20

68

Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193

30

994.57 max,d

20

68

Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193

30

994.57 max,d

20

68

Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193

30

994.57 max,d

20

68

Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193

30

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

23 23 23

80 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.4 Weight Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

2

Ω g/m

Ω lb/mile

2

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper ASTM B75 C12000-O50 (C12000) ASTM B75 C12000-O60 (C12000) ASTM F68 (C10100)

0.17031 max,as spec 0.17031 max,as spec 0.15176 max,as spec

972.47 max,d

20

68

Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193

30

972.47 max,d

20

68

Seamless tube. Test to ASTM B 193

30

866.55 max,d

20

68

For electron devices. Test to ASTM B 193

53

0.4215 fio 0.4215 fio 0.4379 fio 0.4215 fio 1.5328 fio

2406.77 max,d 2406.77 max,d 2500.41 max,d 2406.77 max,d 8752.29 max,d

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip, obsolete

44 44 44 44 44

0.17031 max,as spec 0.17031 max,as spec 0.17031 max,as spec 0.17031 max,as spec 0.17031 max,as spec 0.17031 max,as spec 0.16136 max,as spec

972.47 max,d

20

68

Sheet and strip

52

972.47 max,d

20

68

Sheet and strip

52

972.47 max,d

20

68

Sheet and strip

52

972.47 max,d

20

68

Sheet and strip

52

972.47 max,d

20

68

Sheet and strip

52

972.47 max,d

20

68

Sheet and strip

52

921.37 max,d

20

68

Sheet and strip

52

972.41 max,d

20

68

Free-cutting rod and bar

39

1458.73 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1458.73 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1458.73 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1458.73 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1458.73 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1458.73 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1458.73 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1458.73 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1346.48 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1346.48 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1346.48 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

Copper, Wrought, Copper Nickel ASTM B422 C70250-TM00 (C70250) ASTM B422 C70250-TM02 (C70250) ASTM B422 C70250-TM03 (C70250) ASTM B422 C70250-TR02 (C70250) ASTM B422 C72400 (C72400) Copper, Wrought, Copper Zirconium ASTM B747 C15100-H01 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H02 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H03 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H04 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H06 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-H08 (C15100) ASTM B747 C15100-OS015 (C15100) Copper, Wrought, High Copper ASTM B301 C18700 (C18700) ASTM B465 C19200-H01 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H02 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H03 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H04 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H06 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H08 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H10 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-H14 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-O50 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-O60 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19200-O61 (C19200)

0.17030 max,as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.23581 max as spec 0.23581 max as spec 0.23581 max as spec

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

High Conductivity Materials / 81

Table 2.4 Weight Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

2

Ω g/m

Ω lb/mile

2

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Copper, Wrought, High Copper ASTM B465 C19200-O62 (C19200) ASTM B465 C19400-H01 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H02 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H03 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H04 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H06 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H08 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H10 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-H14 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-O50 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-O60 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-O61 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19400-O62 (C19400) ASTM B465 C19500-H01 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H02 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H03 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H04 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H06 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H08 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H10 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-H14 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-O50 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-O60 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-O61 (C19500) ASTM B465 C19500-O62 (C19500)

0.23581 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.25547 max as spec 0.23581 to 0.20437 as spec 0.23581 to 0.20437 as spec 0.23581 to 0.20437 as spec 0.23581 to 0.20437 as spec 0.34175 max as spec 0.34175 max as spec 0.34175 max as spec 0.34175 max as spec 0.34175 max as spec 0.34175 max as spec 0.34175 max as spec 0.34175 max as spec 0.30758 max as spec 0.30758 max as spec 0.30758 max as spec 0.30758 max as spec

1346.48 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1458.73 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1458.73 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1458.73 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1458.73 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1458.73 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1458.73 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1458.73 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1458.73 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1346.48 to 1166.95 max,d 1346.48 to 1166.95 max,d 1346.48 to 1166.95 max,d 1346.48 to 1166.95 max,d 1951.39 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1951.39 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1951.39 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1951.39 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1951.39 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1951.39 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1951.39 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1951.39 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1756.28 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1756.28 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1756.28 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

1756.28 max,d

20

68

Cu-Fe plate, sheet, strip, rolled bar

48

0.34836 to 0.58954 range 0.34836 to 0.58954 range

1969.00 to 3366.27 max,d 1969.00 to 3366.27 max,d

20

68

Rod and bar

42

20

68

Wire. Test to ASTM B 193

43

Copper, Wrought, Silicon Bronze ASTM B411 C64700-TF00 (C64700) ASTM B412 C64700 (C64700)

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

82 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.5 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Aluminum, Wrought, 1xxx Commercially Pure Aluminum 5-9s purity commercial Al-O 5-9s purity commercial Al-O 6-9s purity commercial Al-O 6-9s purity commercial Al-O 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 99.99% Al 99.99% Al 99.99% Al 99.99% Al 99.99% Al 99.99% Al 99.99% Al 99.99% Al 99.998% Al 99.998% Al 99.998% Al 99.998% Al 99.998% Al 99.998% Al 99.998% Al 99.998% Al 99.998% Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al

2.20E-03 e 5.7E-05 e 2.20E-03 e 2.3E-05 e 0.0250 e 0.0362 e 0.0478 e 0.0600 e 0.0729 e 0.0863 e 0.1010 e 0.1090 e 0.292 e 0.3065 e 0.3215 e 0.1095 e 0.242 e 0.2475 e 0.2625 e 0.2775 e 6.14E-03 e 3.51E-03 e 2.11E-03 e 1.17E-03 e 8.70E-04 e 7.33E-06 e 2.61E-06 e 9.25E-07 e 9.25E-07 e 1.006E-02 u 4.42E-03 u 2.45E-03 u 9.59E-04 u 2.117E-02 u 1.81E-04 u 7.5E-06 u 1.9E-06 u 1E-06 u 1.587E-02 u 0.0265 u 0.0355 u 0.0387 u 0.0478 u 0.0499 u 0.0599 u 0.0613 u 0.0730 u 0.0735 u

1.32 e,d 3.43E-02 e,d 1.32 e,d 1.38E-02 e,d 15.04 e,d 21.78 e,d 28.75 e,d 36.09 e,d 43.85 e,d 51.91 e,d 60.75 e,d 65.57 e,d 175.65 e,d 184.37 e,d 193.39 e,d 65.87 e,d 145.57 e,d 148.88 e,d 157.90 e,d 166.92 e,d 3.69 e,d 2.11 e,d 1.27 e,d 0.70 e,d 0.523 e,d 4.41E-03 e,d 1.57E-03 e,d 5.564E-04 e,d 5.564E-04 e,d 6.05 u,d 2.66 u,d 1.47 u,d 0.58 u,d 12.73 u,d 0.109 u,d 4.51E-03 u,d 1.14E-03 u,d 6.02E-04 u,d 9.55 u,d 15.94 u,d 21.35 u,d 23.28 u,d 28.75 u,d 30.02 u,d 36.03 u,d 36.87 u,d 43.91 u,d 44.21 u,d

-196 -269.0 -196 -269.0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 650 1000 1100 1200 660 660 700 800 900 -161.6 -182.84 -195.8 -209.7 -215 -252.8 -259.2 -268.93 -271.5 -123 -173 -193 -213 -23 -233 -253 -263 -272 -73 0 100 127 200 227 300 327 400 427

-321 -452.2 -321 -452.2 32 212 392 572 752 932 1112 1202 1832 2012 2192 1220 1220 1292 1472 1652 -258.9 -297.11 -320.4 -409.5 -355 -423.0 -435.6 -452.07 -456.7 -189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -9.4 -387.4 -423.4 -441 -457.6 -99.4 32 212 260.6 392 440.6 572 620.6 752 800.6

Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

High Conductivity Materials / 83

Table 2.5 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Aluminum, Wrought, 1xxx Commercially Pure Aluminum Al Al

0.0870 u 0.1018 u

52.33 u,d 61.24 u,d

527 627

980.6 1160.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18

0.043 u

26 u,d

RT

RT

T74 previously T73 and T736

66

0.057 to 0.10

34 to 61

RT

RT

Contact bridges, bolts, screws

66

0.028 to 0.038

17 to 23

RT

RT

Fuse clips, springs, switches, connectors

66

0.028 to 0.038

17 to 23

RT

RT

Fuse clips, switch parts, electrical connectors

66

0.272 0.330 0.338 0.299 0.304

163.6 198.5 203.3 179.9 182.9

1100 538 649 593 649

2012 1000 1200 1100 1200

Liquid state Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid

15 15 15 15 15

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Phosphorous deoxidized copper Phosphorous deoxidized copper Phosphorous deoxidized copper Phosphorous deoxidized copper Phosphorous deoxidized copper Phosphorous deoxidized copper Oxygen free high conductivity copper. Molten metal Oxygen free high conductivity copper. Molten metal Oxygen free high conductivity copper. Molten metal

18 18 94 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 22 22 22 22 22 22 22

Aluminum, Wrought, 7xxx Aluminum Zinc 7049-T73 (A97049) Copper, Wrought, Beryllium Copper Olin 172-Precipitation hardened (C17200) Olin 175-Precipitation hardened (C17500) Olin 17510-Precipitation hardened (C17510) Copper, Wrought, Brass C22000 (C22000) C22000 (C22000) C22000 (C22000) C23000 (C23000) C23000 (C23000)

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu DHP (C12200) DHP (C12200) DHP (C12200) DHP (C12200) DHP (C12200) DHP (C12200) OFHC

6.99E-03 u 3.48E-03 u 3.48E-03 u 2.15E-03 u 9.71E-04 u 2.39E-04 u 2.8E-05 u 2.0E-05 u 1.046E-02 u 1.543E-02 u 0.2101 u 0.02402 u 0.2342 u 0.0293 u 0.03792 u 0.05262 u 0.06858 u 0.08626 u 0.2245 u 0.229 u 0.233 u 0.2375 u 0.242 u 0.251 ext 0.218 u

4.20 u,d 2.09 u,d 2.09 u,d 1.29 u,d 0.58 u,d 0.14 u,d 1.68E-02 u,d 1.20E-02 u,d 6.29 u,d 9.28 u,d 126.38 u,d 14.45 u,d 140.88 u,d 17.62 u,d 22.81 u,d 31.65 u,d 41.25 u,d 51.89 u,d 135.04 u,d 137.8 u,d 140.2 u,d 142.86 u,d 145.6 u,d 151.0 ext,d 131.1 u,d

-123 -173 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 0 1127 127 1327 200 327 527 727 927 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1400 1100

-189.4 -279.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 32 2060.6 260.6 2420.6 392 620.6 980.6 1340.6 1700 2012 2102 2192 2282 2372 2552 2012

OFHC

0.222 u

133.5 u,d

1150

2102

OFHC

0.2255 u

135.65 u,d

1200

2192

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

22 22

84 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.5 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper OFHC

0.229 u

137.8 u,d

1250

2282

OFHC

0.233 u

140.2 u,d

1300

2372

OFHC

0.2365 u

142.26 u,d

1350

2462

OFHC

0.241 ext

145.0 ext,d

1400

2552

0.294 0.089

177 u 53.5

200 RT

0.068

41

0.0426 u,d 0.0499 u,d 0.0572 u,d 0.0648 u,d 0.0710 u,d

Oxygen free high conductivity copper. Molten metal Oxygen free high conductivity copper. Molten metal Oxygen free high conductivity copper. Molten metal Oxygen free high conductivity copper. Molten metal

22

392 RT

Bar, rod, tube, pipe, plated, sheet, strip, and wire Strip for electronic switches

66 66

RT

RT

Connectors, dispersion/solution strengthened

66

25.6 u 30.0 u 34.4 u 39.0 u 42.7 u

100 200 300 400 500

212 392 572 752 932

Rod, welding rod, electrical connectors Rod, welding rod, electrical connectors Rod, welding rod, electrical connectors Rod, welding rod, electrical connectors Rod, welding rod, electrical connectors

66 66 66 66 66

0.906 d 1.150 d 1.184 d 1.195 d 1.217 d

545 692 712 719 732

31 538 649 732 816

87 1000 1200 1350 1500

Superalloy, precipitation-hardenable Superalloy, precipitation-hardenable Superalloy, precipitation-hardenable Superalloy, precipitation-hardenable Superalloy, precipitation-hardenable

61 61 61 61 61

1.061E-02 u 6.50E-03 u 4.81E-03 u 3.08E-03 u 1.41E-03 u 3.5E-04 u 2.2E-04 u 1.462E-02 u 2.051E-02 u 0.028 u 0.3108 u 0.03107 u 0.3483 u 0.04875 u 0.068 u 0.06808 u 0.08986 u 0.118 u 0.1149 u

6.38 u,d 3.91 u,d 2.89 u,d 1.85 u,d 0.85 u,d 0.21 u,d 0.13 u,d 8.79 u,d 12.34 u,d 16.84 u,d 186.96 u,d 18.69 u,d 209.51 u,d 29.32 u,d 40.90 u,d 40.95 u,d 54.05 u,d 70.98 u,d 69.12 u,d

-123 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 0 100 1127 127 1327 327 500 527 727 900 927

-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 32 212 2060.6 260.6 2420.6 620.6 932 980.6 1340.6 1652 1700

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

0.0116 u 0.0325 u

6.98 u,d 19.55 u,d

-173 -73

-279.4 -99.4

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18

22 22 22

Copper, Wrought, Copper Nickel CDA 710 Dickalloy-Precipitation hardened Copper, Wrought, Tin Brass Olin C663 Copper, Wrought, Unclassified Berylco 10-52 Berylco 10-52 Berylco 10-52 Berylco 10-52 Berylco 10-52 Nickel, Nickel, Iron Nickel Chromium A286 (S66286) A286 (S66286) A286 (S66286) A286 (S66286) A286 (S66286) Noble, Gold, Unclassified Au Au Au Au Au Au Au Au Au Au Au Au Au Au Au Au Au Au Au Noble, Iridium, Unclassified Ir Ir

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

High Conductivity Materials / 85

Table 2.5 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Noble, Iridium, Unclassified Ir Ir Ir Ir Ir Ir Ir Ir Ir Ir Ir Ir Ir

0.0477 u 0.068 u 0.310 u 0.0739 u 0.370 u 0.483 u 0.544 u 0.602 u 0.112 u 0.151 u 0.153 u 0.201 u 0.251 u

28.69 u,d 40.90 u,d 186.47 u,d 44.45 u,d 222.57 u,d 290.54 u,d 327.23 u,d 362.12 u,d 67.37 u,d 90.83 u,d 92.03 u,d 120.91 u,d 150.98 u,d

0 100 1127 127 1327 1727 1927 2127 327 500 527 727 927

32 212 2060.6 260.6 2420.6 3140.6 3500.6 3860.6 620.6 932 980.6 1340.6 1700

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

0.0195 u 0.0549 u 0.00814 u 0.5210 u 0.1530 u 0.5850 u 0.2260 u 0.3020 u 0.3750 u 0.4510 u

11.73 u,d 33.02 u,d 4.90 u,d 313.40 u,d 92.03 u,d 351.90 u,d 135.95 u,d 181.66 u,d 225.57 u,d 271.29 u,d

-173 -73 0 1127 127 1327 327 527 727 927

-279.4 -99.4 32 2060.6 260.6 2420.6 620.6 980.6 1340.6 1700

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

4.800E-02 u 0.0262 u 0.0262 u 1.750E-02 u 9.38E-03 u 3.34E-03 u 5.63E-04 u 2.00E-04 u 0.0688 u 6.880E-02 u 9.780E-02 u 0.138 u 0.40 u 0.1448 u 0.212 u 0.275 u 0.271 u

28.87 u,d 15.76 u,d 15.76 u,d 10.53 u,d 5.64 u,d 2.01 u,d 0.34 u,d 0.12 u,d 41.39 u,d 41.39 u,d 58.83 u,d 83.01 u,d 240.61 u,d 87.10 u,d 127.52 u,d 165.42 u,d 163.01 u,d

-123 -173 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 -73 0 100 1000 127 327 500 527

-189.4 -279.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 -99.4 32 212 1832 260.6 620.6 932 980.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

4.760E-02 u 2.755E-02 u 0.02795 u 1.992E-02 u

28.63 u,d 16.57 u,d 16.81 u,d 11.98 u,d

-123 -173 -173 -193

-189.4 -279.4 -279.4 -315.4

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18

Noble, Osmium, Unclassified Os Os Os Os Os Os Os Os Os Os Noble, Palladium, Unclassified Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Noble, Platinum, Unclassified Pt Pt Pt Pt

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

86 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.5 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Noble, Platinum, Unclassified Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt

1.107E-02 u 0.00736 u 4.09E-03 u 4.84E-04 u 2.0E-05 u 6.770E-02 u 0.06884 u 9.600E-02 u 0.136 u 0.431 u 0.4669 u 0.1460 u 0.5180 u 0.554 u 0.5652 u 0.2185 u 0.279 u 0.287 u 0.3510 u 0.4089 u

6.66 u,d 4.43 u,d 2.46 u,d 0.29 u,d 1.20E-02 u,d 40.72 u,d 41.41 u,d 57.75 u,d 81.81 u,d 259.26 u,d 280.85 u,d 87.82 u,d 311.59 u,d 333.25 u,d 339.99 u,d 131.43 u,d 167.83 u,d 172.64 u,d 211.14 u,d 245.97 u,d

-213 -223 -233 -253 -272 -73 -73 0 100 1000 1127 127 1327 1500 1527 327 500 527 727 927

-351.4 -369.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 -99.4 32 212 1832 2060.6 260.6 2420.6 2732 2780.6 620.6 932 980.6 1340.6 1700

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

0.0091 u 0.0295 u 0.062 u 0.311 u 0.0710 u 0.369 u 0.420 u 0.480 u 0.115 u 0.146 u 0.160 u 0.286 u 0.260 u

5.47 u,d 17.75 u,d 37.29 u,d 187.08 u,d 42.71 u,d 221.96 u,d 252.64 u,d 288.73 u,d 69.18 u,d 87.82 u,d 96.24 u,d 172.04 u,d 156.40 u,d

-173 -73 100 1127 127 1327 1527 1727 327 500 527 727 927

-279.4 -99.4 212 2060.6 260.6 2420.6 2780.6 3140.6 620.6 932 980.6 1340.6 1700

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

0.0280 u 0.0755 u 0.0136 u 0.0023 u 0.0595 u 0.0050 u 0.0430 u 0.0669 u 0.4120 u 0.498 u 0.1030 u 0.4760 u 0.610 u

16.84 u,d 45.42 u,d 8.18 u,d 1.38 u,d 35.79 u,d 3.01 u,d 25.87 u,d 40.24 u,d 247.83 u,d 299.56 u,d 61.96 u,d 286.33 u,d 366.93 u,d

-123 -173 -173 -223 -23 -260 -73 0 1127 1200 127 1327 1500

-189.4 -279.4 -279.4 -369.4 -9.4 -436 -99.4 32 2060.6 2192 260.6 2420.6 2732

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

Noble, Rhodium Rh Rh Rh Rh Rh Rh Rh Rh Rh Rh Rh Rh Rh Noble, Ruthenium Ru Ru Ru Ru Ru Ru Ru Ru Ru Ru Ru Ru Ru

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

High Conductivity Materials / 87

Table 2.5 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Noble, Ruthenium Ru Ru Ru Ru Ru Ru

0.1620 u 0.300 u 0.2210 u 0.2830 u 0.393 u 0.3760 u

97.45 u,d 180.46 u,d 132.94 u,d 170.23 u,d 236.40 u,d 226.18 u,d

327 400 527 727 800 927

620.6 752 980.6 1340.6 1472 1700

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18

7.26E-03 u 4.18E-03 u 2.89E-03 u 1.62E-03 u 5.39E-04 u 4.2E-05 u 1.0E-05 u 1.029E-02 u 1.467E-02 u 0.021 u 0.1869 u 0.02241 u 0.2038 u 0.03531 u 0.047 u 0.04912 u 0.06396 u 0.076 u 0.08089 u

4.37 u,d 2.51 u,d 1.74 u,d 0.97 u,d 0.32 u,d 2.53E-02 u,d 6.02E-03 u,d 6.19 u,d 8.82 u,d 12.63 u,d 112.43 u,d 13.48 u,d 122.59 u,d 21.24 u,d 28.27 u,d 29.55 u,d 38.47 u,d 45.72 u,d 48.66 u,d

-123 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 0 100 1127 127 1327 327 500 527 727 900 927

-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 32 212 2060.6 260.6 2420.6 620.6 932 980.6 1340.6 1652 1700

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

Noble, Silver, Unclassified Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

88 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.6 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

oC -1

Aluminum, Cast, 2xx.x Aluminum Copper 204.0-T4 (A02040) 0.00238 t,d

oF -1 0.00132 t,d

Aluminum, Wrought, 1xxx Commercially Pure Aluminum 1050-O (A91050) 0.00356 t,d 0.00198 t,d 1050-O (A91050) 0.00356 t,d 0.00198 t,d 1060-H18 (A91060) 0.00353 t,d 0.00196 t,d 1060-O (A91060) 0.00360 t,d 0.00200 t,d 1100-H18 (A91100) 0.00331 t,d 0.00184 t,d 1100-O (A91100) 0.00342 t,d 0.00190 t,d 1145-H18 (A91145) 0.00348 t,d 0.00193 t,d 1145-O (A91145) 0.00353 t,d 0.00196 t,d 1199-O (A91199) 0.00375 t,d 0.00208 t,d 1350-H1x (A91350) 0.00355 t,d 0.00197 t,d 1350-O (A91350) 0.00358 t,d 0.00199 t,d 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 0.00436 d 0.00242 d 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 0.00315 d 0.00175 d 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 0.00249 d 0.00138 d 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 0.00207 d 0.00115 d 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 0.00178 d 0.00099 d 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 0.00152 d 0.00084 d 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 0.00152 d 0.00084 d 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 0.00161 d 0.00089 d Al 0.0045 u 0.00250 u,t Aluminum, Wrought, 2xxx Aluminum Copper 2011-T3 (A92011) 0.00227 t,d 2011-T4 (A92011) 0.00227 t,d 2011-T8 (A92011) 0.00263 t,d 2014-T3 (A92014) 0.00196 t,d 2014-T451 (A92014) 0.00196 t,d 2014-T651 (A92014) 0.00233 t,d 2014-T652 (A92014) 0.00233 t,d 2024-O (A92024) 0.00294 t,d 2024-T3 (A92024) 0.00175 t,d 2024-T351 (A92024) 0.00175 t,d 2024-T36 (A92024) 0.00175 t,d 2024-T361 (A92024) 0.00175 t,d 2024-T4 (A92024) 0.00175 t,d 2024-T861 (A92024) 0.00222 t,d 2036-O (A92036) 0.00301 t,d 2048-T851 (A92048) 0.00250 t,d 2124-O (A92124) 0.00290 t,d 2218-T61 (A92218) 0.00222 t,d 2219-O (A92219) 0.00256 t,d 2219-T351 (A92219) 0.00175 t,d 2219-T62 (A92219) 0.00161 t,d 2219-T81 (A92219) 0.00175 t,d 2219-T851 (A92219) 0.00175 t,d 2219-T87 (A92219) 0.00175 t,d 2319-O (A92319) 0.00256 t,d

0.00126 t,d 0.00126 t,d 0.00146 t,d 0.00109 t,d 0.00109 t,d 0.00129 t,d 0.00129 t,d 0.00163 t,d 0.00097 t,d 0.00097 t,d 0.00097 t,d 0.00097 t,d 0.00097 t,d 0.00123 t,d 0.00167 t,d 0.00139 t,d 0.00161 t,d 0.00123 t,d 0.00142 t,d 0.00097 t,d 0.00089 t,d 0.00097 t,d 0.00097 t,d 0.00097 t,d 0.00142 t,d

Temperature oC oF 20

68

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 0 100 200 300 400 600 650 500 0 to 100

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 32 212 392 572 752 1112 1202 932 32 to 212

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Notes

Reference

Sand cast

Obsolete, EC Grade Obsolete, EC Grade Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Pure metal, R depends on purity

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 18

8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

High Conductivity Materials / 89

Table 2.6 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

oC -1

oF -1

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Aluminum, Wrought, 2xxx Aluminum Copper 2618-T61 (A92618) 0.00213 t,d Alcoa 2036-O (A92036) 0.00301 u,d Alcoa 2036-T4 (A92036) 0.00238 u,d

0.00118 t,d 0.00167 u,d 0.00132 u,d

20 RT RT

68 RT RT

Aluminum, Wrought, 3xxx Aluminum Manganese 3004-O (A93004) 0.00244 t,d 3105-O (A93105) 0.00261 t,d

0.00136 t,d 0.00145 t,d

20 20

68 68

8 8

Aluminum, Wrought, 4xxx Aluminum Silicon 4032-O (A94032) 0.00232 t,d 4032-T6 (A94032) 0.00209 t,d

0.00129 t,d 0.00116 t,d

20 20

68 68

8 8

Aluminum, Wrought, 5xxx Aluminum Magnesium 5005-H38 (A95005) 0.00301 t,d 5005-O (A95005) 0.00301 t,d 5050-H38 (A95050) 0.00294 t,d 5050-O (A95050) 0.00294 t,d 5052-H38 (A95052) 0.00203 t,d 5052-O (A95052) 0.00203 t,d 5056-H38 (A95056) 0.00156 t,d 5056-O (A95056) 0.00169 t,d 5083 (A95083) 0.00168 t,d 5086 (A95086) 0.00179 t,d 5182 (A95182) 0.00180 t,d 5252-All (A95252) 0.00204 t,d 5252-All (A95252) 0.00204 t,d 5254 (A95254) 0.00185 t,d 5356-O (A95356) 0.00168 t,d 5454-All (A95454) 0.00196 t,d 5456-All (A95456) 0.00168 t,d 5652 (A95652) 0.00204 t,d 5657 (A95657) 0.00313 t,d

0.00167 t,d 0.00167 t,d 0.00163 t,d 0.00163 t,d 0.00113 t,d 0.00113 t,d 0.00087 t,d 0.00094 t,d 0.00093 t,d 0.00099 t,d 0.00100 t,d 0.00113 t,d 0.00113 t,d 0.00103 t,d 0.00093 t,d 0.00109 t,d 0.00093 t,d 0.00113 t,d 0.00174 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

Aluminum, Wrought, 6xxx Aluminum Magnesium Silicon 6009-O (A96009) 0.00313 t,d 0.00174 t,d 6009-T4 (A96009) 0.00255 t,d 0.00142 t,d 6009-T6 (A96009) 0.00272 t,d 0.00151 t,d 6010-O (A96010) 0.00308 t,d 0.00171 t,d 6010-T4 (A96010) 0.00226 t,d 0.00126 t,d 6010-T6 (A96010) 0.00255 t,d 0.00142 t,d 6053 (A96053) 0.00267 t,d 0.00148 t,d 6070 (A96070) 0.00256 t,d 0.00142 t,d 6101-T6 (A96101) 0.00331 t,d 0.00184 t,d 6101-T61 (A96101) 0.00342 t,d 0.00190 t,d 6101-T63 (A96101) 0.00337 t,d 0.00187 t,d 6101-T64 (A96101) 0.00348 t,d 0.00193 t,d 6101-T65 (A96101) 0.00337 t,d 0.00187 t,d 6205-T1 (A96205) 0.00270 t,d 0.00150 t,d 6205-T5 (A96205) 0.00286 t,d 0.00159 t,d 6262-T9 (A96262) 0.00256 t,d 0.00142 t,d 6463-T1 (A96463) 0.00294 t,d 0.00163 t,d 6463-T5 (A96463) 0.00286 t,d 0.00159 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Auto body sheet Auto body sheet

Obsolete Obsolete

Obsolete Obsolete

Obsolete

Obsolete

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

8 66 66

8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

90 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.6 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

oC -1

oF -1

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Aluminum, Wrought, 6xxx Aluminum Magnesium Silicon 6463-T6 (A96463) 0.00303 t,d 0.00168 t,d

20

68

8

Aluminum, Wrought, 7xxx Aluminum Zinc 7005-O (A97005) 0.00249 t,d 7005-T53 (A97005) 0.00220 t,d 7005-T5351 (A97005) 0.00220 t,d 7005-T6 (A97005) 0.00203 t,d 7005-T63 (A97005) 0.00220 t,d 7005-T6351 (A97005) 0.00220 t,d 7049 (A97049) 0.00233 t,d 7050-O (A97050) 0.00272 t,d 7050-T736 (A97050) 0.00235 t,d 7050-T73651 (A97050) 0.00235 t,d 7050-T76 (A97050) 0.00229 t,d 7050-T7651 (A97050) 0.00229 t,d 7072 (A97072) 0.00348 t,d 7075-T62 (A97075) 0.00192 t,d 7075-T651 (A97075) 0.00192 t,d 7075-T652 (A97075) 0.00192 t,d 7075-T73 (A97075) 0.00232 t,d 7075-T7351 (A97075) 0.00232 t,d 7075-T7352 (A97075) 0.00232 t,d 7075-T76 (A97075) 0.00223 t,d 7075-T7651 (A97075) 0.00223 t,d 7175-O (A97175) 0.00267 t,d 7175-T66 (A97175) 0.00209 t,d 7175-T736 (A97175) 0.00232 t,d 7175-T7652 (A97175) 0.00232 t,d 7178-O (A97178) 0.00267 t,d 7178-T6 (A97178) 0.00186 t,d 7178-T651 (A97178) 0.00186 t,d 7178-T76 (A97178) 0.00226 t,d 7178-T7651 (A97178) 0.00226 t,d 7475-O (A97475) 0.00267 t,d 7475-T61 (A97475) 0.00209 t,d 7475-T651 (A97475) 0.00232 t,d 7475-T7351 (A97475) 0.00243 t,d 7475-T761 (A97475) 0.00209 t,d 7475-T7651 (A97475) 0.00232 t,d

0.00138 t,d 0.00122 t,d 0.00122 t,d 0.00113 t,d 0.00122 t,d 0.00122 t,d 0.00129 t,d 0.00151 t,d 0.00131 t,d 0.00131 t,d 0.00127 t,d 0.00127 t,d 0.00193 t,d 0.00107 t,d 0.00107 t,d 0.00107 t,d 0.00129 t,d 0.00129 t,d 0.00129 t,d 0.00124 t,d 0.00124 t,d 0.00148 t,d 0.00116 t,d 0.00129 t,d 0.00129 t,d 0.00148 t,d 0.00103 t,d 0.00103 t,d 0.00126 t,d 0.00126 t,d 0.00148 t,d 0.00116 t,d 0.00129 t,d 0.00135 t,d 0.00116 t,d 0.00129 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

Copper, Wrought, Brass C24000-O61 (C24000) C26000-O61 (C26000)

0.00086 d 0.00082 d

20 20

68 68

15 15

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper Cu 0.0043 u

0.00239 u,t

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Noble, Gold, Unclassified Au

0.00222 u,t

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

0.00154 d 0.00148 d

0.0040 u

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

High Conductivity Materials / 91

Table 2.6 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of High Conductivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

oC -1

oF -1

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Noble, Iridium, Unclassified Ir

0.0045 u

0.00250 u,t

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Noble, Osmium, Unclassified Os

0.0041 u

0.00228 u,t

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Noble, Palladium, Unclassified Pd

0.0042 u

0.00233 u,t

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Noble, Platinum, Unclassified Pt

0.0039 u

0.00217 u,t

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Noble, Rhodium Rh

0.0044 u

0.00244 u,t

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Noble, Ruthenium Ru

0.0041 u

0.00228 u,t

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Noble, Silver, Unclassified Ag

0.0041 u

0.00228 u,t

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

92 / Electrical Properties

Table 2.7 Relative Resistivity at Extreme Temperatures of High Conductivity Material Families Temperature oC oF

Notes

Aluminum, Wrought, 1xxx Commercially Pure Aluminum 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 1 def 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 1.448 e 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 1.911 e 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 2.400 e 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 2.915 e 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 3.453 e 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 4.036 e 99.9% Al (0.05% Si) 4.361 e 99.998% Al 0.246 e 99.998% Al 0.140 e 99.998% Al 9.34E-2 e 99.998% Al 4.68E-2 e 99.998% Al 3.48E-2 e 99.998% Al 2.94E-4 e 99.998% Al 1.04E-4 e 99.998% Al 3.69E-5 e 99.998% Al 3.69E-5 e

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 650 -161.6 -182.84 -195.8 -209.7 -215 -252.8 -259.2 -268.93 -271.5

32 212 392 572 752 932 1112 1202 -258.9 -297.11 -320.4 -409.5 -355 -423.0 -435.6 -452.07 -456.7

Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal

Noble, Palladium, Unclassified Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd

1.0 u 4.25 u 1.5 u 2.8 u 3.8 u

0 1127 127 527 927

32 2060.6 260.6 980.6 1700

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18

Noble, Platinum, Unclassified Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt

1.0 u 5.0 u 1.5 u 3.0 u 4.2 u

0 1200 127 527 927

32 2192 260.6 980.6 1700

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18

Relative Resistivity Alloy-temper (UNS number)

(Unitless)

Reference

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

ASM Ready Reference Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Charles Moosbrugger, editor, p93-145 DOI: 10.1361/empm2000p093

Copyright © 2000 ASM International® All rights reserved. www.asminternational.org

Chapter 3

Higher Resistivity Materials SOME OF THE MATERIALS found in this chapter are used for applications where electrical power is transformed into heat or light. Heating elements require good high-temperature mechanical properties and oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures to satisfy the design requirements. Nickel-chromium, nickelchromium iron, iron-chromium aluminum, and elements such as tungsten and platinum are used as heating elements. Electronic controls and instrumentation make use of these higher-resistance alloys. Precision resistors and resistance temperature detectors are two applications. Thermal stability is an important consideration for precision resistors, so the thermal coefficient of resistivity should be low. Copper-nickel alloys, including constantan, and copper-manganese nickels, called manganins, are used for precision resistors. Constantan is also a popular thermocouple material. Nickel-chromium and nickel-chromium alloys also are used. Precision resistors are wire or ribbon wound.

While it is a characteristic of metals that the resistance increases with temperature, there are exceptions to the rule. The precision resistance alloys having a ± preceding the temperature coefficient may have an inverse temperature resistance relation. This effect is illustrated by the positive and negative slopes of the curves in Fig. 3.1. For resistance temperature detectors (RTD), the resistance is directly converted to a temperature reading. A material with a linear coefficient of resistivity over the operating temperature range is desired. The properties found in the Chapter 3 tables are identical to those of Chapter 2. Other higher-resistivity alloys, which are not used as precision resistors or heating elements, are included in this chapter. These alloys include all the iron and steel alloys not mentioned already. Steels and stainless steels are used in power resistors and load cells. Variation of resistance with temperature for precision resistor alloys. The slopes of the lines correspond to the coefficients of resistivity.

Fig. 3.1

94 / Electrical Properties

Table 3.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Copper, Miscellaneous, Copper-Clad Steel ASTM B624 16/68/16 16 min,d ASTM B624 16/68/16 17 nom,d ASTM B624 33.3/33.3/33.3 35 min,d ASTM B624 33.3/33.3/33.3 35 nom,d

28 min,as spec 30 nom 60 min,as spec 61 nom

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

Cable shielding, CCS or CAS Cable shielding, CCS or CAS Cable shielding, CCS or CAS Cable shielding, CCS or CAS

51 51 51 51

Copper, Wrought, Copper Nickel Marinel-Precipitation hardened

4.91 u,d

20

68

High strength bolting material

66

Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Aluminum AM100A-F (M10100) 6.67 u,d AM100A-T4 (M10100) 5.74 u,d AM100A-T6 (M10100) 7.13 u,d

11.5 u 9.9 u 12.3 u

20 20 20

68 68 68

Casting Casting Casting

84 84 84

Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Aluminum Zinc AZ63A-F (M11630) 8.70 u,d AZ63A-T4 (M11630) 7.13 u,d AZ63A-T5 (M11630) 8.00 u,d AZ81A (M11810) 6.96 u,d AZ91A-F (M11910) 5.86 u,d AZ91B-F (M11912) 5.86 u,d AZ91C-F (M11914) 6.67 u,d AZ91C-T4 (M11914) 5.74 u,d AZ91C-T6 (M11914) 6.50 u,d AZ91D-F (M11916) 5.86 u,d AZ92A-F (M11920) 7.13 u,d AZ92A-T4 (M11920) 6.09 u,d AZ92A-T6 (M11920) 7.13 u,d AZ91E-F (M11921) 6.67 u,d AZ91E-T4 (M11921) 5.74 u,d AZ91E-T6 (M11921) 6.50 u,d

15 u 12.3 u 13.8 u 12 u 10.1 u 10.1 u 11.5 u 9.9 u 11.2 u 10.1 u 12.3 u 10.5 u 12.3 u 11.5 u 9.9 u 11.2 u

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting

84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84

Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Rare Earth Zinc EZ33A (M12330) 14.50 u,d

25 u

20

68

Casting

84

Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Silver EQ21 (M16330) QE22A (M18220)

25.2 u 25.2 u

20 20

68 68

Casting Casting

84 84

Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Thorium Silver QH21A 14.62 u,d

25.2 u,d

20

68

Casting

84

Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Thorium Zinc HZ32A-T5 (M13320) 15.37 u,d

26.5 u

20

68

Casting

84

Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Thorium Zirconium HK31A-T6 (M13310) 12.76 u,d

22 u

20

68

Casting

84

Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Yttrium Rare Earth WE54 (M18410) 5.8 u WE43 (M18430) 6.8 u

10 u,d 12 u,d

20 20

68 68

Casting Casting

84 84

Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Zinc ZC63 (M16631)

32 u,d

20

68

Casting

84

2.85 u

14.62 u,d 14.62 u,d

18.5 u,d

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Higher Resistivity Materials / 95

Table 3.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Zinc Rare Earth ZE63A (M16630) 17.92 u,d

30.9 u

20

68

Casting

84

Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Zinc Thorium ZH62A (M16620) 15.37 u,d

26.5 u

20

68

Casting

84

Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Zinc Zirconium ZK51A (M16510) 16.24 u,d

28 u

20

68

Casting

84

Magnesium, Wrought, Magnesium Aluminum Zinc AZ31B-F,O, H24 (M11311) 10.73 u,d AZ31C-F,O, H24 (M11312) 10.73 u,d AZ61A-F (M11610) 6.73 u,d AZ80A (M11800) 6.15 u,d

18.5 u 18.5 u 11.6 u 10.6 u

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

Forging, rod, sheet, plate Forging, rod, sheet, plate, commercial grade Sheet used for batteries Extruded

84 84 84 84

Magnesium, Wrought, Magnesium Manganese M1A (M13100) 20.01 u,d

34.5 u

20

68

Extruded, forgings

84

Magnesium, Wrought, Magnesium Thorium Manganese HM31A-F (M13312) 15.08 u,d 26 u

20

68

Extruded

84

Magnesium, Wrought, Magnesium Zinc Zirconium ZK60A-F (M16600) 16.82 u,d ZK60A-T5 (M16600) 17.40 u,d

29 u 30 u

20 20

68 68

Extruded Extruded

84 84

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Low Expansion, Iron Nickel 50% Ni Iron-Annealed 2.0 u,d 3.5 u 78% Ni Iron-Annealed 6.4 u,d 11 u 79% Ni Iron(Mo)-Annealed 1.7 u,d 3u

20 20 20

68 68 68

65 65 65

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Low Expansion, Iron Nickel Chromium 35Ni20Cr43.5Fe1.5Si 0.99 u,d 1.7 u 35Ni20Cr45Fe 0.99 u,d 1.7 u 77% Ni Iron(Cu, Cr)-Annealed 1.7 u,d 3u

20 20 20

68 68 68

65 65 65

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 RT

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Electrical Steel Ingot Iron-Annealed 10.2 u,d 17.5 u M-14 1.7 to 2.0 u,d 3 to 3.5 u M-15 1.7 to 2.0 u,d 3 to 3.5 u M-17 1.7 to 2.0 u,d 3 to 3.5 u M-19 2.0 to 2.9 u,d 3.5 to 5 u M-22 2.0 to 2.9 u,d 3.5 to 5 u M-27 2.0 to 4.4 u,d 3.5 to 7.5 u M-36 3.2 to 4.4 u,d 5.5 to 7.5 u M-43 3.5 to 5.2 u,d 6 to 9 u M-5 1.7 to 2.0 u,d 3 to 3.5 u M-50 5.5 u,d 9.5 u M-6 1.7 to 2.0 u,d 3 to 3.5 u M-7 1.7 to 2.0 u,d 3 to 3.5 u USS M-19-Fully processed, not 0.52 t 313 t,d annealed USS M-19-Fully processed, not 0.52 t 313 t,d annealed USS M-19-Fully processed, not 0.52 t 313 t,d annealed

Electrical

29 Gage (0.0140 in.)

65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 69

RT

26 Gage (0.0185 in.)

69

RT

24 Gage (0.0250 in.)

69

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

6112-Titanium-Chapter 3

96 / Electrical Properties

Table 3.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Electrical Steel USS M-22-Fully processed, not 0.52 t 313 t,d annealed USS M-22-Fully processed, not 0.52 t 313 t,d annealed USS M-22-Fully processed, not 0.52 t 313 t,d annealed USS M-27-Fully processed, not 0.49 t 295 t,d annealed USS M-27-Fully processed, not 0.49 t 295 t,d annealed USS M-27-Fully processed, not 0.49 t 295 t,d annealed USS M-36-Fully processed, not 0.49 t 295 t,d annealed USS M-36-Fully processed, not 0.49 t 295 t,d annealed USS M-36-Fully processed, not 0.49 t 295 t,d annealed USS M-43-Fully processed, not 0.39 t 235 t,d annealed USS M-43-Fully processed, not 0.39 t 235 t,d annealed USS M-45-Fully processed, not 0.35 t 211 t,d annealed USS M-45-Fully processed, not 0.35 t 211 t,d annealed USS M-47-Fully processed, not 0.23 t 138 t,d annealed USS M-47-Fully processed, not 0.23 t 138 t,d annealed USS Stator B-Fully processed, not 0.23 t 138 t,d annealed USS Stator B-Fully processed, not 0.23 t 138 t,d annealed

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

RT

29 Gage (0.0140 in.)

69

RT

26 Gage (0.0185 in.)

69

RT

24 Gage (0.0250 in.)

69

RT

26 Gage (0.0185 in.)

69

RT

29 Gage (0.0140 in.)

69

RT

24 Gage (0.0250 in.)

69

RT

29 Gage (0.0140 in.)

69

RT

24 Gage (0.0250 in.)

69

RT

26 Gage (0.0185 in.)

69

RT

26 Gage (0.0185 in.)

69

RT

24 Gage (0.0250 in.)

69

RT

26 Gage (0.0185 in.)

69

RT

24 Gage (0.0250 in.)

69

RT

26 Gage (0.0185 in.)

69

RT

24 Gage (0.0250 in.)

69

RT

24 Gage (0.0250 in.)

69

RT

26 Gage (0.0185 in.)

69

65 65 65

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Iron-Cobalt Soft Magnetic 20 2V Permendur-Annealed 2.6 u,d 4.5 u 35Co1Cr-Annealed 5.2 u,d 9u 20 Supermendur-Annealed 2.6 u,d 4.5 u 20

68 68 68

High permeability

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Nickel-Iron Soft Magnetic 20 45 Permalloy 2.1 u,d 3.6 u High Permaloy 49 2.1 u,d 3.6 u 20

68 68

Obsolete

Obsolete

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Unclassified Magnetically Soft Iron 20 68 16 Alfenol 0.41 u,d 0.7 u Lowcarbon Iron-Annealed 10.2 u,d 17.5 u 20 68 Sinimax 1.2 u,d 2u 20 68 20 68 Thermenol 0.29 u,d 0.5 u Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Unclassified Alnico 1 1.9 u,d 3.3 u Alnico 2 1.9 u,d 3.3 u Alnico 3 1.9 u,d 3.3 u Alnico 4 1.9 u,d 3.3 u

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

65 65 65 65

Cast Cast Cast Cast

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

6112-Titanium-Chapter 3

65 65

65 65 65 65

Higher Resistivity Materials / 97

Table 3.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Unclassified Alnico 5 2.0 u,d 3.5 u Alnico 6 2.0 u,d 3.5 u Carbon steel (0.65%C) 5.5 u,d 9.5 u Carbon steel (1%C) 4.6 u,d 8u Chromium steel (3.5%Cr) 3.5 u,d 6.1 u Cobalt steel (17%Co) 3.7 u,d 6.3 u Cobalt steel (36%Co) 3.8 u,d 6.5 u Comol 2.1 u,d 3.6 u Cunico 4.4 u,d 7.5 u Cunife 5.5 u,d 9.5 u Tungsten steel (6%W) 3.5 u,d 6u

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Cast Cast

65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Unclassified Iron (wrought plate) 9.3 u,d Iron(99.99%) 10.3 u,d

16 u 17.75 u

20 20

68 68

Plate. FM-103 Magnatester Pure metal, R depends on purity

12 65

Nickel, Electrical Resistance Nickel, Nickel Chromium 60Ni16Cr22.5Fe1.5Si 0.87 u,d 68Ni20Cr8.5Fe2Si 0.87 u,d 78.5Ni20Cr1.5Si(80-20) 0.93 u,d

1.5 u 1.5 u 1.6 u

20 20 20

68 68 68

Nickel, Magnetically Soft Nickel, Unclassified Magnetically Soft Nickel 4-79 Moly Permalloy 1.7 u,d 3u Hymu 80 1.7 u,d 3u Monimax 1.5 u,d 2.5 u Mumetal 1.7 u,d 3u Supermalloy 1.7 u,d 3u

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

Nickel, Nickel, Commercially Pure 99.8 Ni

23 u

20

68

1.49 u,d

24

75

Superalloy

96

3 min,t,d 3 min,t,d 3 min,t,d 2 min,t,d 2.3 t,d 4.1 t,d

5 min,t 6 min,t 5 min,t 4 min,t 4t 7t

20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68

Cast Wrought Wrought Wrought Rod, bar Rod, bar

17 17 17 17 13 13

4.1 t,d

7t

20

68

Rod, bar

13

4.1 t,d

7t

20

68

Rod, bar

13

0.87 u,d 5.2 u,d 0.75 u,d 0.75 u,d 0.87 u,d

1.5 u 9u 1.3 u 1.3 u 1.5 u

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

13.3 u,d

Nickel, Nickel, Iron Nickel Chromium Hastelloy G-30-Solution strengthened 0.862 u,d (N06030) Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Beryllium 42C-Aged N03360-Aged (N03360) N03360-Mill hardened (N03360) N03360-Unaged (N03360) Wellman (Nibryl)360A-A (N03360) Wellman (Nibryl)360H1050-H1050 (N03360) Wellman (Nibryl)360H775-H775 (N03360) Wellman (Nibryl)360H925-H925 (N03360) Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Chromium 60Ni16Cr24Fe 71Ni29Fe 75Ni20Cr3Al+Cu or Fe 76Ni17Cr4Si3Mn 80Ni20Cr (N06003)

65 65 65

Obsolete Magnetic shielding

65 65 65 65 65

65

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

65 65 65 65 65

98 / Electrical Properties

Table 3.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Refractory, Cobalt, Cobalt Chromium Haynes Stellite No. 4 1.1 u,d

1.88 u

20

68

Used in dry batteries

66

Refractory, Cobalt, Commercially Pure Co 15.95 u,d

27.6 u

20

68

Pure metal, R depends on purity

83

Refractory, Molybdenum, Commercially Pure CMW Elkon 100M 19 t

33 t

20

68

Refractory, Molybdenum, Molybdenum Silver CMW Elkonite 7065 26 t,d CMW Elkonite 7165 20 t,d CMW Elkonite G17 26 t,d CMW Elkonite G18 32 t,d

44 t 35 t 45 t 55 t

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Repress Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate

58 58 58 58

Refractory, Molybdenum, Unclassified CMW Thermkon 65M 16 t,d CMW Thermkon 70M 19 t,d Mo 19.7 u,d Mo 19.1 u,d

28 t 32 t 34 u 33.0 u

20 20 20 18

68 68 68 64

Composite Composite Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

58 58 65 90

Refractory, Niobium Cabot Columbium Nb

7.7 u,d 7.7 u,d

13.2 u 13.2 u

25 18

77 64

Unalloyed Pure metal, R depends on purity

66 90

Refractory, Rhenium Re

4.7 u,d

8.1 u

18

64

Pure metal, R depends on purity

90

Refractory, Tantalum Ta Ta

8.06 u,d 7.5 u,d

13.9 u 13.0 u

20 18

68 64

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

65 90

31 t

20

68

4.3 u

20

68

Tungsten carbide

65

Refractory, Tungsten, Commercially Pure CMW Elkon 100W 18 t

58

58

Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Cobalt 71WC12TiC12TaC4.5Co medium 2.5 u,d grain 72WC8TiC11.5TaC8.5Co medium 3.0 u,d grain 75WC25Co medium grain 5.7 u,d 84WC16Co course grain 5.3 u,d 90WC10Co course grain 6.61 u,d 94WC6Co course grain 5.80 u,d 94WC6Co medium grain 4.5 u,d 97WC3Co medium grain 3.1 u,d

5.2 u

20

68

Tungsten carbide

65

9.8 u 9.2 u 11.4 u 10.0 u 7.8 u 5.3 u

20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68

Tungsten carbide Tungsten carbide Tungsten carbide Tungsten carbide Tungsten carbide Tungsten carbide

65 65 65 65 65 65

Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Copper CMW Elkonite 10W3 26 t,d CMW Elkonite 10W53 16 t,d CMW Elkonite 1W3 31 t,d CMW Elkonite 2050C 34 t,d CMW Elkonite 2140C 17 t,d CMW Elkonite 30W3 24 t,d CMW Elkonite 3W3 29 t,d CMW Elkonite 3W53 17 t,d

45 t 28 t 53 t 58 t 30 t 41 t 50 t 30 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Repress Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate

58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Higher Resistivity Materials / 99

Table 3.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Copper CMW Elkonite 40W3 21 t,d CMW Elkonite 50W3 20 t,d CMW Elkonite 5W3 28 t,d CMW Elkonite TC1O 24 t,d CMW Elkonite TC20 17 t,d CMW Elkonite TC5 26 t,d CMW Elkonite TC53 10 t,d CMW Thermkon 62 19 t,d CMW Thermkon 68 20 t,d CMW Thermkon 76 24 t,d CMW Thermkon 83 26 t,d

37 t 35 t 48 t 42 t 30 t 45 t 18 t 32 t 35 t 41 t 45 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Nickel CMW 1000 8.1 t,d CMW 2000 9.3 t,d CMW 3000 5.8 t,d CMW 3950 7.5 t,d

14.0 t 16.0 t 10.0 t 13.0 t

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Silver CMW Elkonite 1060 CMW Elkonite 2088 CMW Elkonite 20S CMW Elkonite 20SB CMW Elkonite 2110 CMW Elkonite 2150 CMW Elkonite 3042 CMW Elkonite 30S CMW Elkonite 30SB CMW Elkonite 3150 CMW Elkonite 35S CMW Elkonite 35SB CMW Elkonite 4050 CMW Elkonite 40S CMW Elkonite 40SB CMW Elkonite 45S CMW Elkonite 50S CMW Elkonite G12 CMW Elkonite G13 CMW Elkonite G14

21 t,d 20 t,d 28 t,d 26 t,d 53 t,d 35 t,d 30 t,d 29 t,d 27 t,d 26 t,d 32 t,d 30 t,d 36 t,d 34 t,d 32 t,d 36 t,d 38 t,d 33 t,d 27 t,d 21 t,d

36 t 35 t 49 t 45 t 92 t 60 t 52 t 50 t 47 t 45 t 55 t 51 t 62 t 58 t 55 t 62 t 65 t 57 t 47 t 37 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter Press-Sinter-Repress Press-Sinter-Repress Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter Press-Sinter-Repress Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate

58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58

Refractory, Tungsten, Unclassified W W

17.4 u,d 17.4 u,d

30 u 30.0 u

20 18

68 64

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

65 90

Steel, Alloy, Nickel 50% Ni Iron-Annealed ASTM F15 ASTM F30 K94100 (K94100) K94610 (K94610)

2.0 u,d 2 min,d 1.5 min,d 29.0 t,d 20.3 t,d

3.5 u 4 min 2.5 min 50 t 35 t

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Composite Composite Composite Composite

58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58

58 58 58 58

Lead frame alloy, Sealing Alloy Lead frame alloy, Sealing Alloy

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

65 20 20 59 59

100 / Electrical Properties

Table 3.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Steel, Alloy, Silicon 0.5% Si steel-Annealed 1% Si steel-Annealed 1.75% Si steel-Annealed 2.5 % Si steel-Annealed 3% Si steel-Annealed 3.0% Si steel-Annealed 4% Si steel-Annealed Grain oriented 3% Si steel-Annealed Grain oriented 3.0% Si steel-Annealed Grain oriented 50% Ni iron-Annealed

3.5 u,d 4.4 u,d 2.7 u,d 2.3 u,d 2.0 u,d 2.1 u,d 1.7 u,d 2.0 u,d 2.0 u,d 2.1 u,d

6u 7.5 u 4.6 u 4u 3.5 u 3.6 u 3u 3.5 u 3.5 u 3.6 u

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Steel, Carbon Steel, Nonresulfurized 1010-Annealed (G10100) 1040 (G10400)

8.41 u,d 1.7 u,d

14.5 u 3u

20 20

68 68

65 65

Steel, Cast Stainless, Heat Resisting HH (J93503) HK (J94224) HT (N08605)

1.5 u,d 1.2 u,d 0.99 u,d

2.5 u 2u 1.7 u

20 20 20

68 68 68

65 65 65

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Austenitic S30100 (S30100) 302 (S30200) 302 (S30200) 304 (S30400) S30500 (S30500) 309 (S30900) 310 (S31000) 316 (S31600) 316 (S31600) 317 (S31700) 321 (S32100) 347 (S34700)

2.0 t,d 1.4 t,d 1.7 u,d 1.5 t,d 1.4 t,d 1.5 u,d 1.4 t,d 1.4 t,d 1.5 u,d 1.5 u,d 1.3 t,d 1.5 u,d

3.5 t 2.4 t 3u 2.5 t 2.4 t 2.5 u 2.4 t 2.4 t 2.5 u 2.5 u 2.2 t 2.5 u

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Ferritic 405 (S40500) 430-Annealed (S43000) S43000 (S43000) 446-Annealed (S44600)

1.7 u,d 1.7 u,d 1.3 t,d 1.7 u,d

3u 3u 2.3 t 3u

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Martensitic 403 (S40300) 410-Annealed (S41000) 416-Annealed (S41600) 443-Annealed (S44300)

1.7 u,d 1.7 u,d 1.7 u,d 1.7 u,d

3u 3u 3u 3u

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

1.73 u 1.76 u 2.16 u 6u 2.16 u

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Precipitation Hardening 14-4PH-A (J92240) 1.0 u,d 14-4PH-A (J92240) 1.0 u,d 14-4PH-H1075 (J92240) 1.3 u,d 14-4PH-H1075 (J92240) 3.5 u,d 14-4PH-H900 (J92240) 1.3 u,d

Electrical Electrical

Electrical

Electrical Electrical

Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy

Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy

65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65

59 59 65 59 59 65 59 59 65 65 59 65

65 65 59 65

Superalloy

Bar Sheet Bar Bar Bar

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

65 65 65 65

64 64 64 65 64

Higher Resistivity Materials / 101

Table 3.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Sheet

64

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Precipitation Hardening 14-4PH-H900 (J92240) 1.3 u,d

2.24 u

20

68

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Unclassified 55Fe37.5Cr7.5Al 72Fe23Cr5Al 72Fe23Cr5Al0.5Co 501 (S50100)

0.70 u,d 0.75 u,d 0.75 u,d 2.6 u,d

1.2 u 1.3 u 1.3 u 4.5 u

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

65 65 65 65

Unclassified AL 4750 Armco 48

2.1 u,d 2.1 u,d

3.6 u 3.6 u

20 20

68 68

65 65

Zinc, Cast Z33520 (Z33520) Z33531 (Z33531)

16 t,d 15 t,d

27 t 26 t

20 20

68 68

Casting alloy Casting alloy

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

55 55

102 / Electrical Properties

Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Actinide, Plutonium Pu Pu Pu Pu

1.46 u 1.50 u 1.42 u 1.458 u

878.23 u,d 902.30 u,d 854.17 u,d 877.03 u,d

20 25 25 20

68 77 77 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Alpha phase Alpha phase Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18

0.27 u 0.248 u 0.32 u

162.41 u,d 149.18 u,d 192.49 u,d

20 25 20

68 77 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Alpha phase

18 18 18

Actinide, Uranium U U U

Aluminum, Wrought, 1xxx Commercially Pure Aluminum Al (99.996%)

0.02655 t

16.0 t,d

20

68

Resistance alloy

91

9.100 t

5474 t,d

20

68

Heating element. Heating alloy

91

1.02 u 1.0 est 1.0 est 0.58 to 0.87 u

614 u,d 602 e,d 600 e,d 350 to 420 u,d

RT RT RT RT

65 65 65 65

2.4 u 1.0 est 1.4 to1.7 u 1.5 to 1.7 u

1440 u,d 602 e,d 840 to 1020 u 900 to 1020 u,d

RT RT RT RT

65 65 65 65

0.50 u

301 u,d

RT

65

0.53 u 0.80 u

319 u,d 481 u,d

RT RT

65 65

10E10 approx 10E10 approx 10E10 approx 10E10 approx 10E10 nom 10E10 nom

6E12 approx,d 6E12 approx,d 6E12 approx,d 6E12 approx,d 6E12 nom,t 6E12 nom,t

RT RT RT RT RT RT

Carbon, Graphite Graphite Cast Iron, Ductile High-nickel ductile (20 Ni) High-nickel ductile (23 Ni) High-nickel ductile iron Medium-silicon ductile Cast Iron, Gray High-aluminum High-nickel gray iron High-nickel gray iron Nickel-chromium-silicon iron Cast Iron, Miscellaneous High-silicon iron Cast Iron, White Low-C white iron Martensitic nickel-chromium iron Ceramic Permanent Magnet Bonded Ferrite A Sintered Ferrite 1 Sintered Ferrite 2 Sintered Ferrite 3 Sintered Ferrite 4 Sintered Ferrite 5

Permanent magnet Permanent magnet Permanent magnet Permanent magnet Permanent magnet Permanent magnet

88 88 88 88 88 88

Copper, Miscellaneous, Instrument and Control 83Cu13Mn4Ni(manganin) 85Cu10Mn4Ni(shunt manganin) 87Cu13Mn(manganin)

0.480 t 0.380 t 0.480 t

289 t,d 229 t,d 289 t,d

20 20 20

68 68 68

Resistance alloy Resistance alloy Resistance alloy

91 91 91

0.525 t 0.500 t 0.500 t 0.300 t 0.150 t 0.100 t

316 t,d 301 t,d 301 t,d 180 t,d 90.2 t,d 60.2 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68

Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy Resistance alloy Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy Resistance alloy Resistance alloy Resistance alloy

91 91 91 91 91 91

Copper, Miscellaneous, Thermocouple 53Cu44Ni3Mn(constantan) 55Cu45Ni(constantan) 57Cu43Ni(constantan) 78Cu22Ni 89Cu11Ni 94Cu6Ni

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Higher Resistivity Materials / 103

Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Copper, Miscellaneous, Thermocouple 98Cu2Ni

0.050 t

30.1 t,d

20

68

Resistance alloy

91

0.01673 t

10.1 t,d

20

68

Resistance alloy

91

0.35 u

211 u,d

20

68

High strength bolting material

66

0.97 u 1.00 u 0.91 u

583.48 u,d 601.53 u,d 547.39 u,d

25 27 20

77 80.6 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

0.86 u 0.80 u 0.80 u

517.32 u,d 481.22 u,d 481.22 u,d

20 25 27

68 77 80.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

0.8100 u 0.86 u 1.1600 u

487.24 u,d 517.32 u,d 697.78 u,d

20 27 25

68 80.6 77

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

1.3200 u 1.3400 u

794.02 u,d 806.05 u,d

25 20

77 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18

0.94 u 0.87 u 0.90 u

565.44 u,d 523.33 u,d 541.38 u,d

20 25 27

68 77 80.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

0.67 u 0.65 u 0.67 u

403.03 u,d 390.99 u,d 403.03 u,d

20 27 25

68 80.6 77

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

0.6400 u 0.68 u 0.6450 u

384.98 u,d 409.04 u,d 387.99 u,d

20 27 25

68 80.6 77

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

0.6800 u 0.69 u 0.6600 u

409.04 u,d 415.06 u,d 397.01 u,d

20 27 25

68 80.6 77

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

0.9200 u 0.90 u 0.8600 u

553.41 u,d 541.38 u,d 517.32 u,d

20 27 25

68 80.6 77

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

1.0700 u 1.1600 u 1.17 u

643.64 u,d 697.78 u,d 703.79 u,d

25 20 27

77 68 80.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper Cu(99.99) Copper, Wrought, Copper Nickel Marinel-Precipitation hardened Lanthanide, Dysprosium Dy Dy Dy Lanthanide, Erbium Er Er Er Lanthanide, Europium Eu Eu Eu Lanthanide, Gadolinium Gd Gd Lanthanide, Holmium Ho Ho Ho Lanthanide, Lutetium Lu Lu Lu Lanthanide, Neodymium Nd Nd Nd Lanthanide, Praseodymium Pr Pr Pr Lanthanide, Samarium Sm Sm Sm Lanthanide, Terbium Tb Tb Tb

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

104 / Electrical Properties

Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Lanthanide, Thulium Tm Tm Tm

0.90 u 1.07 u 0.78 u

541.38 u,d 643.64 u,d 469.19 u,d

20 25 27

68 77 80.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

0.29 u 0.28 u

174.44 u,d 168.43 u,d

25 20

77 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18

90.2 u,d 105.3 u,d 84.2 u,d

20 20 20

68 68 68

Casting Casting Casting

84 84 84

69.2 u,d 84.2 u,d 75.2 u,d 8.6 u,d 102.3 u,d 102.3 u,d 90.2 u,d 105.3 u,d 91.1 u,d 102.3 u,d 84.2 u,d 99.3 u,d 84.2 u,d 90.2 u,d 105.3 u,d 91.1 u,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting Casting

84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84

0.070 u

42.1 u,d

20

68

Casting

84

0.0685 u 0.0685 u

41.2 u,d 41.2 u,d

20 20

68 68

Casting Casting

84 84

41.2 u,d

20

68

Casting

84

39.1 u,d

20

68

Casting

84

36.7 u,d 36.1 u,d 46.3 u,d

20 20 20

68 68 68

Casting Casting Casting

84 84 84

0.173 u 0.148 u

104.1 u,d 89.0 u,d

20 20

68 68

Casting Casting

84 84

0.054 u

32.5 u,d

20

68

Casting

84

Lanthanide, Ytterbium Yb Yb

Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Aluminum AM100A-F (M10100) AM100A-T4 (M10100) AM100A-T6 (M10100)

0.150 u 0.175 u 0.140 u

Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Aluminum Zinc AZ63A-F (M11630) AZ63A-T4 (M11630) AZ63A-T5 (M11630) AZ81A (M11810) AZ91A-F (M11910) AZ91B-F (M11912) AZ91C-F (M11914) AZ91C-T4 (M11914) AZ91C-T6 (M11914) AZ91D-F (M11916) AZ92A-F (M11920) AZ92A-T4 (M11920) AZ92A-T6 (M11920) AZ91E-F (M11921) AZ91E-T4 (M11921) AZ91E-T6 (M11921)

0.115 u 0.140 u 0.125 u 0.0143 u 0.170 u 0.170 u 0.150 u 0.175 u 0.1515 u 0.170 u 0.140 u 0.165 u 0.140 u 0.150 u 0.175 u 0.1515 u

Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Rare Earth Zinc EZ33A (M12330) Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Silver EQ21 (M16330) QE22A (M18220)

Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Thorium Silver QH21A

0.0685 u

Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Thorium Zinc HZ32A-T5 (M13320)

0.065 u

Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Thorium Zirconium HK31A-H24 (M13310) HK31A-O (M13310) HK31A-T6 (M13310)

0.061 u 0.060 u 0.077 u

Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Yttrium Rare Earth WE54 (M18410) WE43 (M18430) Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Zinc ZC63 (M16631)

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Higher Resistivity Materials / 105

Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Zinc Rare Earth ZE41A-T5 (M16410) ZE63A (M16630)

0.060 u 0.056 u

36.1 u,d 33.7 u,d

20 20

68 68

Casting Casting

84 84

39.1 u,d

20

68

Casting

84

37.3 u,d

20

68

Casting

84

34.3 u,d

20

68

Casting

84

38.5 u,d 55.3 u,d 55.3 u,d 75.2 u,d 87.2 u,d

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

Rods, bars, shapes Forging, rod, sheet, plate Forging, rod, sheet, plate, commercial grade Sheet used for batteries Extruded

84 84 84 84 84

30.1 u,d

20

68

Extruded, forgings

84

36.7 u,d 36.1 u,d

20 20

68 68

Sheet, plate Sheet, plate

84 84

31.3 u,d 30.1 u,d 39.7 u,d

20 20 20

68 68 68

Sheet, plate, forging Sheet, plate, forging Extruded

84 84 84

0.054 u

32.5 u,d

20

68

0.0451 u 0.0420 u 0.0451 u

27.13 u,d 25.26 u,d 27.13 u,d

27 20 25

80.6 68 77

289 u,d 96 u,d 349 u,d

20 20 20

68 68 68

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

Resistance heating alloy. Heating alloy Resistance alloy

91 91 65 65 65

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

Electrical

65 65 65 65 65

Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Zinc Thorium ZH62A (M16620)

0.065 u

Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Zinc Zirconium ZK51A (M16510)

0.062 u

Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Zirconium K1A (M18010)

0.057 u

Magnesium, Wrought, Magnesium Aluminum Zinc AZ10A-All (M11100) AZ31B-F,O, H24 (M11311) AZ31C-F,O, H24 (M11312) AZ61A-F (M11610) AZ80A (M11800)

0.064 u 0.092 u 0.092 u 0.125 u 0.145 u

Magnesium, Wrought, Magnesium Manganese M1A (M13100)

0.050 u

Magnesium, Wrought, Magnesium Thorium HK31A-H24 (M13310) HK31A-O (M13310)

0.061 u 0.060 u

Magnesium, Wrought, Magnesium Thorium Manganese HM21A-H24 (M13210) HM21A-O (M13210) HM31A-F (M13312)

0.052 u 0.050 u 0.066 u

Magnesium, Wrought, Magnesium Zinc ZC71 (M16710)

84

Magnesium, Wrought, Unclassified Mg Mg Mg

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Low Expansion, Iron Nickel 50% Ni Iron-Annealed 78% Ni Iron-Annealed 79% Ni Iron(Mo)-Annealed

0.48 u 0.16 u 0.58 u

65 65 65

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Low Expansion, Iron Nickel Chromium 35Ni20Cr42.5Fe1.5Si1Nb 35Ni20Cr43.5Fe1.5Si 35Ni20Cr43.5Fe1.5Si 35Ni20Cr45Fe 77% Ni Iron(Cu, Cr)-Annealed

1.00 t 1.000 t 1.014 u 1.014 u 0.60 u

602 t,d 602 t,d 609.95 u,d 609.95 u,d 361 u,d

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Electrical Steel Ingot Iron-Annealed M-14 M-15 M-17 M-19

0.10 u 0.58 to 0.69 u 0.45 to 0.69 u 0.45 to 0.58 u 0.41 to 0.56 u

60 u,d 350 to 415 u 270 to 415 u 270 to 350 u 250 to 340 u

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

106 / Electrical Properties

Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Electrical Steel M-22 M-27 M-36 M-43 M-5 M-50 M-6 M-7

0.41 to 0.52 u 0.32 to 0.47 u 0.24 to 0.33 u 0.20 to 0.28 u 0.45 to 0.52 u 0.18 u 0.45 to 0.52 u 0.45 to 0.52 u

250 to 310 u,d 190 to 280 u,d 140 to 200 u,d 120 to 170 u,d 270 to 310 u,d 108 u,d 270 to 310 u 270 to 310 u

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Iron-Cobalt Electrical Steel Carpenter Hiperco Alloy 27 Carpenter Hiperco Alloy 50 Carpenter Hiperco Alloy 50A Carpenter Hiperco Alloy 50HS Carpenter Hiperco Alloy 50HS-Cold rolled and annealed Carpenter Hiperco Alloy 50HS-Cold rolled and annealed Carpenter Hiperco Alloy 50HS-Cold rolled and annealed

0.19 t 0.40 t 0.40 t 0.42 t 0.420

114 t 241 t 241 t 253 t 253

RT RT RT RT RT

Fe-Co-V, all shapes Fe-Co-V, all shapes Fe-Co-V, all shapes Fe-Co-V, all shapes Test ring with 503 MPa (73 ksi) yield

57 57 57 57 66

0.420

253

RT

Test ring with 593 MPa (86 ksi) yield

66

0.420

253

RT

Test ring with 683 MPa (99 ksi) yield

66

High permeability

65 65 74 74 66 65

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Iron-Cobalt Soft Magnetic 2V Permendur-Annealed 35Co1Cr-Annealed ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1 ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2 Permendur V Supermendur-Annealed

0.40 u 0.20 u 0.40 t 0.19 t 0.40 u 0.40 u

241 u,d 120 u,d 240 t,d 114 t,d 241 u,d 241 u,d

68 68

20 20 RT RT RT 20

All forms and sizes All forms and sizes 68

Obsolete

68 68

Obsolete

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Nickel-Iron Soft Magnetic 45 Permalloy High Permaloy 49 ASTM A753 Type 1 K94490 (K94490) ASTM A753 Type 2 K94840 (K94840)

0.45 u 0.48 u 0.55 t

271 u,d 289 u,d 330 t,d

0.49 t

294 t,d

20 20 RT

All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.) All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.)

RT

65 65 73 73

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Silicon Core Iron Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "A" Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "A-FM" Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "B" Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "B-FM" Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "C"

0.25 t 0.25 t 0.40 t 0.40 t 0.58 t

150 t 150 t 240 t 240 t 350 t

RT RT RT RT RT

All shapes All shapes All shapes All shapes All shapes

57 57 57 57 57

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Unclassified Magnetically Soft Iron 16 Alfenol Airmelted magnetic iron-Annealed Airmelted magnetic iron-Annealed Airmelted magnetic iron-Annealed Carpenter Consumet Electrical Iron Carpenter Electrical Iron Lowcarbon Iron-Annealed Sinimax

1.53 u 0.13 t 0.13 t 0.13 t 0.13 t 0.13 t 0.10 u 0.90 u

920 u,d 78 t,d 78 t,d 78 t,d 78 t 78 t,d 60 u,d 541 u,d

20

68 Bar Strip > 1 mm (0.040 in.) Bar Bar, strip, billet All shapes

RT RT RT RT RT 20 20

68 68

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

65 85 85 85 57 57 65 65

Higher Resistivity Materials / 107

Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Unclassified Magnetically Soft Iron Thermenol

1.62 u

974 u,d

20

68

65

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Ductile Permanent Magnet Carpenter "73" Alloy Carpenter "83" Alloy Carpenter Chrominur II Carpenter P6 Alloy Carpenter Vicalloy I-Aged for max energy product

0.29 t 0.27 t 0.75 t 0.33 t 0.63

174 t,d 162 t,d 451 t,d 199 t,d 379 t,d

RT RT RT RT RT

All shapes All shapes All shapes All shapes All shapes

57 57 57 57 57

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Iron Cobalt GE Alloy P6

0.30 u

180 u,d

66

RT

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Neodymium Iron Boron Bonded neodymium Hotformed neodymium Hotpressed neodymium Sintered neodymium

10E06 nom 1.60 nom 1.60 nom 1.60 nom

6.0E08 nom,t 962 nom,t 962 nom,t 962 nom,t

RT RT RT RT

Sintered. Permanent magnet Sintered. Permanent magnet Sintered. Permanent magnet Sintered. Permanent magnet

88 88 88 88

Cast. Permanent magnet Cast Cast. Permanent magnet Cast Cast. Permanent magnet Scintered. Permanent magnet Cast. Permanent magnet Cast Cast Cast. Permanent magnet Scintered. Permanent magnet Cast Cast. Permanent magnet Scintered. Permanent magnet Cast. Permanent magnet Cast. Permanent magnet Cast Cast. Permanent magnet Scintered. Permanent magnet Cast. Permanent magnet Cast. Permanent magnet

88 65 88 65 88 88 88 65 65 88 88 65 88 88 88 88 65 88 88 88 88 65 65 88 65 88 65 65 88 65 65

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Unclassified Alnico 1 Alnico 1 Alnico 12 Alnico 2 Alnico 2 Alnico 2 Alnico 3 Alnico 3 Alnico 4 Alnico 4 Alnico 4 Alnico 5 Alnico 5 Alnico 5 Alnico 5-7 Alnico 5DG Alnico 6 Alnico 6 Alnico 6 Alnico 7 Alnico 8 Carbon steel (0.65%C) Carbon steel (1%C) Chromium steel (3.5%Cr) Chromium steel (3.5%Cr) Cobalt steel (17%Co) Cobalt steel (17%Co) Cobalt steel (36%Co) Cobalt steel (36%Co) Comol Cunico

0.75 nom 0.75 u 0.62 nom 0.65 u 0.65 nom 0.68 nom 0.60 nom 0.60 u 0.75 u 0.75 nom 0.68 nom 0.47 u 0.47 nom 0.50 nom 0.47 nom 0.47 nom 0.50 u 0.50 nom 0.53 nom 0.58 nom 0.50 nom 0.18 u 0.20 u 0.29 nom 0.29 u 0.28 nom 0.28 u 0.27 u 0.27 nom 0.45 u 0.24 u

451 nom,d 451 u,d 373 nom,d 391 u,d 391 nom,d 409 nom,d 361 nom,d 361 u,d 451 u,d 451 nom,d 409 nom,d 283 u,d 283 nom,d 301 nom,d 283 nom,d 283 nom,d 301 u,d 301 nom,d 319 nom,d 349 nom,d 301 nom,d 108.3 u,d 120 u,d 174 nom,d 174 u,d 168 nom,d 168 u,d 162 u,d 162 nom,d 271 u,d 144 u,d

RT 20

68 RT

20

68 RT RT RT

20 20

68 68 RT RT 68

20 RT RT RT RT 20

68 RT RT RT RT

20 20

68 68 RT

20

Permanent magnet 68 Permanent magnet

RT 20 20

68 68 RT

20 20

Permanent magnet 68 68

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

108 / Electrical Properties

Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Unclassified Cunife Cunife Tungsten steel (6%W) Tungsten steel (6%W)

0.18 u 0.18 nom 0.30 nom 0.30 u

108 u,d 108 nom,d 180 nom,d 180 u,d

0.0980 u 0.1000 u 0.102 u 0.1010 u 0.970 t 0.10 t

20

68 RT RT

Permanent magnet Permanent magnet

65 88 88 65

20

68

58.95 u,d 60.15 u,d 61.36 u,d 60.75 u,d 583 t,d 60 t,d

25 20 27 20 20

77 68 80.6 68 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Resistance alloy Bar, strip >1mm (0.040 in.). ASTM A 596 test

18 18 18 18 91 85

0.0971 u

58.41 u,d

20

68

Pure metal, R depends on purity

65

0.4010 u 0.3760 u

241.21 u,d 226.18 u,d

20 25

68 77

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18

0.3430 u

206.32 u,d

25

77

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

0.0370 u 0.0345 u

22.26 u,d 20.75 u,d

20 25

68 77

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18

Mn Mn

1.4400 u 1.442 u

866.20 u,d 867.41 u,d

25 27

77 80.6

18 18

Mn

1.440 u

866.20 u,d

20

68

Mn

1.6000 u

962.45 u,d

20

68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99% Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99% Pure metal, R depends on purity

0.0747 u 0.0680 u 0.0747 u

44.93 u,d 40.90 u,d 44.93 u,d

27 20 25

80.6 68 77

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

0.6600 u 0.64 u 0.52 u

397.01 u,d 384.98 u,d 312.80 u,d

20 20 27

68 68 80.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.96% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

0.0493 u 0.0493 u 0.0470 u

29.66 u,d 29.66 u,d 28.27 u,d

25 27 20

77 80.6 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

0.1350 u 0.1350 u

81.21 u,d 81.21 u,d

25 20

77 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18

0.185 u 0.204 u

111.28 u,d 122.71 u,d

25 27

77 80.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Unclassified Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe(99.94) Fe, vacuum-melted high purityAnnealed Iron(99.99%)

RT

Miscellaneous, Antimony Sb Sb Miscellaneous, Barium Ba Miscellaneous, Calcium Ca Ca Miscellaneous, Manganese

18 18

Miscellaneous, Potassium K K K Miscellaneous, Scandium Sc Sc Sc Miscellaneous, Sodium Na Na Na Miscellaneous, Strontium Sr Sr Miscellaneous, Technetium Tc Tc

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Higher Resistivity Materials / 109

Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous, Thallium Tl Tl Tl

0.195 u 0.150 u 0.166 u

117.30 u,d 90.23 u,d 99.85 u,d

20 25 20

68 77 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

650 t,d 677 t,d 674.92 u,d 714 t,d 701 t,d 699.94 u,d 827 t,d 650 t,d 649.95 u,d 650 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy Resistance alloy

91 91 65 91 91 65 91 91 65 91

68

Obsolete Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F) Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F) Annealed at 995 C (1750 F) Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F) Annealed at 1065 C (1950 F) Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F) Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F) Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F) All shapes, used for tape recorder heads Magnetic shielding

Nickel, Electrical Resistance Nickel, Nickel Chromium 37Ni21Cr40Fe2Si 60Ni16Cr22.5Fe1.5Si 60Ni16Cr22.5Fe1.5Si 68.5Ni30Cr1.5Si 68Ni20Cr8.5Fe2Si 68Ni20Cr8.5Fe2Si 72Ni20Cr3Al5Mn 77.5Ni20Cr1.5Si1Nb 78.5Ni20Cr1.5Si(80-20) 78.5Ni20Cr1.5Si(80-20)

1.080 t 1.125 t 1.1220 u 1.187 t 1.165 t 1.1636 u 1.375 t 1.080 t 1.0805 u 1.080 t

Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy Heating alloy Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy Resistance heating alloy. Heating alloy Resistance alloy

Nickel, Magnetically Soft Nickel, Unclassified Magnetically Soft Nickel 4-79 Moly Permalloy 45Ni-Fe-Annealed 45Ni3MoFe-Annealed 49NiFe-Annealed 49NiFe-Annealed 49NiFe-Annealed 75Ni5Cu2CrFe-Annealed 78.5NiFe-Annealed 79Ni4MoFe-Annealed Carpenter Wear Resistant HyMu 800A Hymu 80 Monimax Mumetal Supermalloy ASTM A753 Type 3 N14076 (N14076) ASTM A753 Type 4 N14080 (N14080)

0.58 u 0.50 t 0.65 t 0.47 t 0.47 t 0.47 t 0.56 t 0.16 t 0.59 t 0.625 t 0.58 u 0.82 u 0.60 u 0.65 u 0.60 t

349 u,d 301 t,d 391 t,d 283 t,d 283 t,d 283 t,d 337 t,d 96 t,d 355 t,d 376 t,d 349 u,d 493 u,d 361 u,d 391 u,d 360 t,d

20

0.60 t

360 t,d

RT

1.02 u

614 u,d

RT

Sheet

82

0.61 u

367 u,d

RT

Sheet

82

0.697 u

419 u,d

RT

Sheet

82

0.728 u

438 u,d

RT

Sheet

82

0.0798 u 0.109 u 0.088 u 0.096 d 0.085 u 0.095 u

48.00 u,d 66 u,d 53 u,d 58 51 u,d 57 u,d

Sheet Sheet Rod, bar, sheet, strip, pipe, tube, wire Sheet Sheet

65 82 82 61 82 82

RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 RT

All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.) All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.)

65 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 57 65 65 65 65 73 73

Nickel, Miscellaneous Nickel, Controlled-expansion NI-SPAN-C alloy 902-Precipitation hardened (N09902) INCOLOY alloy 903-Precipitation hardened (N19903) INCOLOY alloy 907-Precipitation hardened (N19907) INCOLOY alloy 909-Precipitation hardened (N19909) Nickel, Nickel, Commercially Pure 99.8 Ni Nickel 212-Annealed Nickel 222-Annealed Nickel 200 (N02200) Nickel 201-Annealed (N02201) Nickel 205-Annealed (N02205)

68

20 RT RT 21

70 RT RT

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

110 / Electrical Properties

Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Sheet Sheet

82 82 61

Sheet

82

72

Superalloy

61

75

Sheet Sheet Sheet Sheet Sheet Superalloy

82 82 82 82 82 96

Nickel, Nickel, Commercially Pure Nickel 211-Annealed (N02211) Nickel 270-Annealed (N02270) DURANICKEL Alloy 301-Aged (N03301) DURANICKEL Alloy 301Precipitation hardened (N03301)

0.169 u 0.075 u 0.424 d

102 u,d 45 u,d 255

0.424 u

255 u,d

RT RT 21

70 RT

Nickel, Nickel, Iron Chromium Aluminum INCOLOY Alloy MA956 (S67956)

1.386 d

833.7

22

1.082 u 1.056 u 1.082 u 0.952 u 0.989 u 1.16 d

651 u,d 635 u,d 651 u,d 573 u,d 595 u,d 698 u,d

0.952 u

573 u,d

RT

Sheet

82

1.13 u

680 u,d

RT

Sheet

82

1.166 u

701 u,d

RT

Sheet

82

0.345 max,t 0.21 t 0.095 u 0.287 max,t 0.345 max,t 0.431 max,t

207.5 max,t,d 126.3 t,d 57 u,d 172.6 max,t,d 207.5 max,t,d 259.3 max,t,d

Cast Cast Sheet Wrought Wrought Wrought

17 17 82 17 17 17

1.120 t 1.122 u 0.208 t 0.1995 u 1.333 t 1.3298 u 1.330 t 1.3298 u 1.28 u 1.18 u 1.237 1.139 d 1.25 u

674 t,d 674.92 u,d 125 t,d 120.01 u,d 802 t,d 799.92 u,d 800 t,d 799.92 u,d 770 u,d 710 u,d 744.1 d 685.1 752 u,d

Heating alloy

91 65 91 65 91 65 91 65 82 82 61 61 82

1.16 u 1.112 u 1.03 u 1.19 u 1.193

698 u,d 668.90 u,d 620 u,d 716 u,d 717.6 d

Nickel, Nickel, Iron Nickel Chromium 20Cb3-Annealed 20Mo-4-Annealed 20Mo-6-Annealed Alloy 556-Annealed Alloy 800HT-Annealed Hastelloy G-30-Solution strengthened (N06030) INCOLOY alloy 800-Annealed (N08800) INCOLOY alloy 825-Annealed (N08825) INCOLOY alloy 925-Annealed (N09925)

RT RT RT RT RT 24

Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Beryllium 42C-Aged M220C-Aged Nickel 200-Annealed (N02200) N03360-Aged (N03360) N03360-Mill hardened (N03360) N03360-Unaged (N03360)

68 68

20 20 RT 20 20 20

68 68 68

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Chromium 60Ni16Cr24Fe 60Ni16Cr24Fe 71Ni29Fe 71Ni29Fe 75Ni20Cr3Al+Cu or Fe 75Ni20Cr3Al+Cu or Fe 76Ni17Cr4Si3Mn 76Ni17Cr4Si3Mn Alloy S-Annealed Alloy X-Annealed INCONEL alloy 686 INCONEL Alloy MA758 Alloy 230(a)-Cold rolled and annealed (N02230) Alloy HX-Annealed (N06002) 80Ni20Cr (N06003) Alloy 600-Annealed (N06600) Alloy 601-Annealed (N06601) INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601)

RT RT 22 21

Resistance alloy Resistance alloy Sheet Sheet

72 70 RT

Superalloy Sheet

RT

Sheet

20

68 RT RT

26

Resistance alloy

Sheet Sheet 78

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

82 65 82 82 61

Higher Resistivity Materials / 111

Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Sheet Sheet

82 82 61 82 82

Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Chromium Alloy 617-Annealed (N06617) Alloy 625-Annealed (N06625) INCONELAlloy 625 (N06625) Alloy 690-Annealed (N06690) Alloy 718-Precipitation hardened (N07718) INCONEL Alloy 725 (N07725) Alloy X750-Annealed (N07750) Alloy 751-Annealed (N07751) INCONEL Alloy MA754 (N07754) Alloy C276-Annealed (N10276)

1.22 u 1.29 u 1.290 d 1.148 u 1.25 u

734 u,d 776 u,d 776 691 u,d 752 u,d

RT RT

1.144 d 1.22 u 1.22 u 1.075 d 1.3 u

688.3 734 u,d 734 u,d 646.6 782 u,d

21

1.033 u

621.4 u,d

21

0.412 u 0.547 u 0.489 u 0.51 u 0.615 u

248 u,d 329 u,d 294 u,d 307 u,d 370 u,d

0.58 t 0.62 to 0.63 t 0.58 t 0.62 t

349 t 370 to 380 t 349 t 373 t,d

7.37 u 0.0690 u 0.0620 u 0.080 t

4433.28 u,d 41.51 u,d 37.29 u,d 48.1 t,d

27 20 25 20

0.02350 t

14.1 t,d

20

21

70 RT RT

Sheet Sheet 70

Sheet

61 82 82 61 82

Ultra-high strength

66

RT RT RT RT RT

Sheet Sheet Sheet Sheet Sheet

82 82 82 82 82

RT RT RT RT

All shapes All shapes All shapes All shapes

57 57 57 57

80.6 68 77 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Resistance alloy

18 18 18 91

68

Resistance alloy

91

Permanent magnet

88

Sheet Sheet

RT RT 26

78 RT

Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Cobalt MP35N

70

Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Copper Alloy 450-Annealed Alloy 400-Annealed (N04400) Alloy 401-Annealed (N04401) Alloy R-405-Annealed (N04405) Alloy K-500-Precipitation hardened (N05500) Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Molybdenum Carpenter HyMu "80" Alloy Carpenter HyMu "800" Carpenter HyRa "80" Carpenter Vacumet HyMu "800" Alloy Nickel, Nickel, Unclassified Ni Ni Ni Ni(99.8) Noble, Gold, Commercially Pure Gold Au(99.999+)

Noble, Platinum, Platinum Cobalt Permanent Magnet Platinum cobalt

0.28 nom

168 nom,t

RT

0.105 t

63.2 t,d

20

68

Resistance alloy

91

0.016 t

9.6 t,d

20

68

Resistance alloy

91

0.7500 u 0.8540 u 0.77 u

451.15 u,d 513.71 u,d 463.18 u,d

25 20 27

77 68 80.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

0.6200 u 0.5700 u 0.617 u

372.95 u,d 342.87 u,d 371.14 u,d

25 20 27

77 68 80.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

Noble, Platinum, Unclassified Pt(99.99+) Noble, Silver, Unclassified Ag(99.99) Rare Earth, Cerium Ce Ce Ce Rare Earth, Lanthanum La La La

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

112 / Electrical Properties

Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Rare Earth, Lanthanum La

0.565 u

339.86 u,d

20

68

Pure metal, R depends on purity. 98% pure

18

0.14 u 0.142 u

84.21 u,d 85.42 u,d

20 25

68 77

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18

0.667 c 0.5960 u 0.5300 u

401.22 u,d 358.51 u,d 318.81 u,d

27 25 20

80.6 77 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

0.0330 u 0.0376 u

19.85 u,d 22.62 u,d

20 25

68 77

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18

0.127 u 0.13 u 0.1320 u 0.1290 u

76.39 u,d 78.20 u,d 79.40 u,d 77.60 u,d

27 20 20 25

80.6 68 68 77

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18

1.011 u,d 0.94 u 0.88 u 0.84 u 0.91 u 0.917 u 0.89

608 u,d 565 u,d 529 u,d 505 u,d 547 u,d 552 u,d 535

68

Composite, tool and die alloy Wear resistant Wear resistant Wear resistant Wear resistant Used in dry batteries High temp corrosion res

66 83 83 83 83 66 66

1.033 1.03 u

621 620 u,d

RT

Work hardened and aged

66 83

0.55 t 0.55 t

331 t,d 331 t,d

RT RT

Magnet alloy Magnet alloy

66 66

RT

Permanent magnet

88

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 83 18 18

CoFeV CoFeV

66 66

Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy

66 83 83

Rare Earth, Thorium Th Th Rare Earth, Yttrium Y Y Y Refractory, Beryllium Be Be Refractory, Chromium Cr Cr Cr Cr Refractory, Cobalt, Cobalt Chromium ALX Alloy-Cast Cobalt Alloy 1-Cast Cobalt Alloy 12-Cast Cobalt Alloy 6-Cast Cobalt Alloy 6B-Wrought Haynes Stellite No. 4 Conicro 5010W (R30605)

RT RT RT RT RT RT 20

Refractory, Cobalt, Cobalt Nickel Carpenter MP35N (R30035) Cobalt Alloy MP35N (R30035)

21

70

Refractory, Cobalt, Cobalt Rare Earth INCOR 18 INCOR 21

Refractory, Cobalt, Cobalt Rare Earth Permanent Magnet Cobalt rare earth 1

0.50 nom

301 nom,t

Refractory, Cobalt, Commercially Pure Co Co Co Co Co

0.599 u 0.0634 u 0.0525 u 0.0520 u 0.0568 u

360.32 u,d 38.14 u,d 31.6 u,d 31.28 u,d 34.17 u,d

27 20

80.6 68 RT

25 20

77 68

Refractory, Cobalt, Soft Magnetic Alloy Covandur-Annealed Covandur-Unannealed

0.26 u 0.26 u

156 u,d 156 u,d

0.922 u,d 1.01 u 0.89 u

555 u,d 607.5 u,d 535 u,d

RT RT

Refractory, Cobalt, Superalloy Colbalt 188 Colbalt 188 Colbalt 25

21

70 RT RT

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Higher Resistivity Materials / 113

Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Refractory, Cobalt, Superalloy HS-21 HS-31 (X-40) UMCo50 UMCo51 Elgiloy (R30003) Stellite 6 (R30006) L-605 (R30605)

0.8738 t,d 0.9703 t,d 0.8255 t,d 1.0185 t,d 0.9975 t,d 0.9093 t,d 0.8865 t,d

525.6 t,d 583.7 t,d 496.6 t,d 612.7 t,d 600.0 t,d 547.0 t,d 533.2 t,d

21 21 21 21 21 22 24

70 70 70 70 70 72 75

Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy

56 56 56 56 56 56 56

0.3400 u 0.322 u 0.355 u

204.52 u,d 193.69 u,d 213.54 u,d

27 20 20

80.6 68 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

31.28 t,d

20

68

0.0392 t 0.0383 t 0.0313 t

23.58 t,d 23.04 t,d 18.83 t,d

20 20 20

68 68 68

Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate

58 58 58

0.052 u 0.052 u 0.0530 u 0.0570 u 0.052 t

31.3 u,d 31.3 u,d 31.88 u,d 34.29 u,d 31.3 t,d

20 20 25 20 20

68 68 77 68 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Resistance alloy

90 65 18 18 91

0.125 u 0.1600 u 0.16 u 0.146 u 0.1330 u

75.2 u,d 96.24 u,d 96.2 u,d 87.82 u,d 80.00 u,d

25 20 20 20 25

77 68 68 68 77

Unalloyed Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

66 18 90 18 18

0.210 u 0.169 u 0.1988 u 0.187 u 0.193 u 0.193 u

126.32 u,d 101.66 u,d 119.58 u,d 112.49 u,d 116.10 u,d 116 u,d

20 25 27 20 20 20

68 77 80.6 68 68 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 90

0.1245 u 0.131 u 0.135 u 0.134 u 0.135 u 0.125 t

74.89 u,d 78.80 u,d 81.2 u,d 80.61 u,d 81.21 u,d 75.2 t,d

20 25 20 27 20 20

68 77 68 80.6 68 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Resistance alloy

65 18 90 18 18 91

33.08 t,d

20

68

Refractory, Halfnium Hf Hf Hf

Refractory, Molybdenum, Commercially Pure CMW Elkon 100M

0.052 t

58

Refractory, Molybdenum, Molybdenum Silver CMW Elkonite 7065 CMW Elkonite G17 CMW Elkonite G18 Refractory, Molybdenum, Unclassified Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo(99.9) Refractory, Niobium Cabot Columbium Nb Nb Nb Nb Refractory, Rhenium Re Re Re Re Re Re Refractory, Tantalum Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta(99.96)

Refractory, Tungsten, Commercially Pure CMW Elkon 100W

0.055 t

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

58

114 / Electrical Properties

Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Copper CMW Elkonite 10W3 CMW Elkonite 10W53 CMW Elkonite 1W3 CMW Elkonite 2050C CMW Elkonite 2140C CMW Elkonite 30W3 CMW Elkonite 3W3 CMW Elkonite 3W53 CMW Elkonite 40W3 CMW Elkonite 50W3 CMW Elkonite 5W3 CMW Elkonite TC1O CMW Elkonite TC20 CMW Elkonite TC5 CMW Elkonite TC53 CMW Thermkon 62 CMW Thermkon 68 CMW Thermkon 76 CMW Thermkon 83

0.0383 t 0.0616 t 0.0325 t 0.0297 t 0.0575 t 0.0421 t 0.0345 t 0.0575 t 0.0466 t 0.0493 t 0.0359 t 0.0410 t 0.0575 t 0.0383 t 0.0958 t 0.0539 t 0.0492 t 0.0421 t 0.0383 t

23.04 t,d 37.05 t,d 19.55 t,d 17.87 t,d 34.59 t,d 25.32 t,d 20.75 t,d 34.59 t,d 28.03 t,d 29.66 t,d 21.59 t,d 24.66 t,d 34.59 t,d 23.04 t,d 57.63 t,d 32.42 t,d 29.60 t,d 25.32 t,d 23.04 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

0.1230 t 0.1078 t 0.1724 t 0.1330 t

73.99 t,d 64.84 t,d 103.70 t,d 80.00 t,d

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

0.0475 t 0.0493 t 0.0352 t 0.0383 t 0.0187 t 0.0287 t 0.0322 t 0.0345 t 0.0367 t 0.0383 t 0.0313 t 0.0338 t 0.0278 t 0.0297 t 0.0313 t 0.0278 t 0.0265 t 0.0302 t 0.0367 t 0.0466 t

28.57 t,d 29.66 t,d 21.17 t,d 23.04 t,d 11.25 t,d 17.26 t,d 19.37 t,d 20.75 t,d 22.08 t,d 23.04 t,d 18.83 t,d 20.33 t,d 16.72 t,d 17.87 t,d 18.83 t,d 16.72 t,d 15.94 t,d 18.17 t,d 22.08 t,d 28.03 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter Press-Sinter-Repress Press-Sinter-Repress Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter Press-Sinter-Repress Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate

58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58

0.053 u

31.9 u,d

20

68

Pure metal, R depends on purity

90

Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Repress Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Composite Composite Composite Composite

58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58

Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Nickel CMW 1000 CMW 2000 CMW 3000 CMW 3950

58 58 58 58

Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Silver CMW Elkonite 1060 CMW Elkonite 2088 CMW Elkonite 20S CMW Elkonite 20SB CMW Elkonite 2110 CMW Elkonite 2150 CMW Elkonite 3042 CMW Elkonite 30S CMW Elkonite 30SB CMW Elkonite 3150 CMW Elkonite 35S CMW Elkonite 35SB CMW Elkonite 4050 CMW Elkonite 40S CMW Elkonite 40SB CMW Elkonite 45S CMW Elkonite 50S CMW Elkonite G12 CMW Elkonite G13 CMW Elkonite G14 Refractory, Tungsten, Unclassified W

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Higher Resistivity Materials / 115

Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Refractory, Tungsten, Unclassified W W W W W W(99.9)

0.052 u 0.055 u 0.054 u 0.0565 u 0.0545 u 0.055 t

31.28 u,d 33.08 u,d 32.48 u,d 34.0 u,d 32.78 u,d 33.1 t,d

25 20 20 20 27 20

77 68 68 68 80.6 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Resistance alloy

18 18 18 65 18 91

0.201 u 0.248 u 0.1990 u 0.1960 u

120.91 u,d 149.18 u,d 119.70 u,d 117.90 u,d

27 20 25 20

80.6 68 77 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18

0.435 u 0.50 u 0.3890 u 0.4400 u

261.67 u,d 300.77 u,d 234.00 u,d 264.67 u,d

27 20 25 20

80.6 68 77 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.9% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18

0.995 to 1.995 t

599 to 1176 t,d

20

68

Heating element. Heating alloy

91

1.250 t 1.12 t 0.49 t

752 t,d 674 t,d 295 t

20 20

68 68

Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy Heating element. Heating alloy All shapes

91 91 57

0.210 u 0.228 u

126.3 u,d 137 u,d

20 20

68 68

Nearest AISI Nearest AISI

65 65

0.223 u 0.222 u

134.1 u,d 133.5 u,d

20 20

68 68

Nearest AISI Nearest AISI

65 65

0.6 to 0.7 u 0.50 u 0.49 max 0.70 max 0.80 t

360 to 420 u,d 301 u,d 295.0 max,d 421.0 max,d 480 t

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 RT

Lead frame alloy, Sealing Alloy Lead frame alloy, Sealing Alloy All shapes

65 65 20 20 57

0.80 t

480 t

RT

All shapes

57

0.48 t 0.989 d

290 t 595

21

70

All shapes Superalloy

57 61

0.248 u

149.2 u,d

20

68

Nearest AISI

65

0.28 u 0.23 u 0.25 t 0.25 t

168 u,d 138 u,d 150 t,d 150 t,d

20 20

68 68

Electrical

65 65 85 85

Refractory, Vanadium V V V V Refractory, Zirconium Zr Zr Zr Zr Silicon, Carbide Silicon carbide Steel, Alloy, Chromium 81Fe15Cr4Al 83.5Fe13Cr3.25Al Carpenter Chrome Core 8 & 8FM Alloys 5132# (G51320) 5140# (G51400)

RT

Steel, Alloy, Chromium Molybdenum 4130# (G41300) 4140# (G41400) Steel, Alloy, Nickel 18Ni250 50% Ni Iron-Annealed ASTM F15 ASTM F30 Carpenter Temperature Compensator "32" (Type 1) Carpenter Temperature Compensator "32" (Type 2, 3, and 4) Carpenter "49" Alloy (K94840) INCOLOY alloy 800 (N08800)

RT

Steel, Alloy, Nickel Chromium Molybdenum 4340# (G43400) Steel, Alloy, Silicon 0.5% Si steel-Annealed 1% Si steel-Annealed 1% Si steel-Annealed 1% Si steel-Annealed

RT RT

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

116 / Electrical Properties

Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Steel, Alloy, Silicon 1% Si steel, free machining-Annealed 1.75% Si steel-Annealed 2.5 % Si steel-Annealed 2.5 % Si steel-Annealed 2.5 % Si steel, free machiningAnnealed 2.5 % Si steel, free machiningAnnealed 3% Si steel-Annealed 3.0% Si steel-Annealed 4% Si steel-Annealed 4% Si steel-Annealed Grain oriented 3% Si steel-Annealed Grain oriented 3.0% Si steel-Annealed Grain oriented 50% Ni iron-Annealed

0.25 t 0.37 u 0.41 u 0.40 t 0.40 t

150 t,d 223 u,d 247 u,d 241 t,d 241 t,d

RT

0.40 t

241 t,d

0.48 u 0.47 u 0.59 u 0.58 t 0.48 u 0.50 u 0.45 u

289 u,d 283 u,d 355 u,d 349 t,d 289 u,d 301 u,d 271 u,d

20 20 20

68 68 68

Electrical Electrical

65 65 65 85 65 65 65

0.208 u

125.1 u,d

20

68

Nearest AISI

65

0.130 u 0.142 u 0.12 u 0.13 t 0.169 u 0.56 u 0.171 u 0.180 u

78.2 u,d 85.4 u,d 72 u,d 78 t,d 101.7 u,d 337 u,d 102.9 u,d 108.3 u,d

20 20 20

68 68 68

Nearest AISI Nearest AISI

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

Nearest AISI

65 65 65 85 65 65 65 65

0.840 u 0.900 u 0.896 u

505.3 u,d 541.4 u,d 539.0 u,d

21 21 21

70 70 70

64 64 64

0.760 u 0.770 u

457.2 u,d 463.2 u,d

21 21

70 70

64 64

0.80 u 0.90 u 1.00 u

481 u,d 541 u,d 602 u,d

20 20 20

68 68 68

65 65 65

0.780 u 0.760 u

469.2 u,d 457.2 u,d

21 21

70 70

64 64

0.820 u 0.762 u 0.762 u 0.779 u 0.720 u 0.710 u

493.3 u,d 458.4 u,d 458.4 u,d 468.6 u,d 433.1 u,d 427.1 u,d

21 21 21 21 21 21

70 70 70 70 70 70

64 64 64 64 64 64

RT RT

Bar

85 65 65 85 85

RT

Bar

85

20 20

68 68

20 20 20

68 68 68

Bar Electrical

Electrical

RT

Steel, Carbon Steel, High-Manganese 1524# (G1524) Steel, Carbon Steel, Nonresulfurized 1008# (0.06C) (G10080) 1008#(0.07C) (G10080) 1010-Annealed (G10100) 1010-Annealed (G10100) 1025# (G10250) 1040 (G10400) 1042# (G10420) 1078# (G10780)

RT

Nearest AISI Nearest AISI

Steel, Cast Stainless, Austenitic CH-20 (J93402) CK-20 (J94202) CN-7M (N08007) Steel, Cast Stainless, Ferritic CB30 (J91803) CC50 (J92615) Steel, Cast Stainless, Heat Resisting HH (J93503) HK (J94224) HT (N08605) Steel, Cast Stainless, Martensitic CA15 (J91150) CA40 (J91153) Steel, Cast Stainless, Unclassified CF-12M CF-3 (J92500) CF-8 (J92600) CF-20 (J92602) CF-16F (J92701) CF-8C (J92710)

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Higher Resistivity Materials / 117

Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Steel, Cast Stainless, Unclassified CF-3M (J92900) CF-8M (J92900) CG-8M (J93000) CE-30 (J93423)

0.820 u 0.820 u 0.820 u 0.850 u

493.3 u,d 493.3 u,d 493.3 u,d 511.3 u,d

1.020 t 0.69 t 0.69 0.69 t 0.72 u 0.72 t 0.72 0.72 t 0.72 u 0.72 t 0.72 t 0.72 u 0.72 t 1.8288 t,d 0.72 t 0.72 t 0.72 t 0.72 t 0.78 u 0.78 t 0.78 t 0.77 t 1.9558 t,d 0.74 t 0.74 u 0.74 u 0.74 t 0.74 u 0.74 t 0.79 t 0.72 t 0.75 t 0.73 t 0.73 u 0.79 t

613.6 t,d 415 t,d 415 415 t,d 432 u,d 433 t,d 433 433 t,d 433 u,d 433 t,d 433 t,d 433 u,d 433 t,d 1100.1 t,d 433 t,d 433 t,d 433 t,d 433 t,d 469 u,d 469 t,d 469 t,d 463 t,d 1176.5 t,d 445 t,d 445 u,d 445 u,d 445 t,d 445 u,d 445 t,d 475 t,d 433 t,d 451 t,d 439 t,d 439 u,d 475 t,d

0.85

511

0.57 t

343 t

0.755 t

453 t

21 21 21 21

70 70 70 70

64 64 64 64

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Austenitic 330-Annealed (N08330) 201-Annealed (S20100) J&L Type 201-Annealed (S20100) 202-Annealed (S20200) 301-Annealed (S30100) 301-Annealed (S30100) J&L Type 301 (S30100) 302 (S30200) 302 (S30200) 302B-Annealed (S30215) 303-Annealed (S30300) 304 (S30400) 304 (S30400) 304L (S30403) S30430-Annealed (S30430) 304N-Annealed (S30451) 305-Annealed (S30500) 308-Annealed (S30800) 309 (S30900) 309-Annealed (S30900) 310 (S31000) 314 (S31400) 314 (S31400) 316 (S31600) 316 (S31600) 316-Annealed (S31600) 316N-Annealed (S31651) 317 (S31700) 317-Annealed (S31700) 317L-Annealed (S31703) 321 (S32100) 329-Annealed (S32900) 347 (S34700) 347 (S34700) 384-Annealed (S38400)

RT RT 21

70

Ingot, slabs, sheet, strip

RT 20

68 RT

21

70 RT 68

20

Superalloy Superalloy

RT RT 20

68 RT

20

68

Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy

RT RT RT RT 20

68 RT RT RT 68

20 RT 20 20

68 68

Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy

RT 20

68 RT RT RT RT RT

Superalloy

65 65 66 65 64 65 66 65 65 65 65 64 65 56 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 56 65 65 64 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65

68

Superalloy Superalloy

70

Continuous mill plate, slabs, sheet, strip

66

RT

All shapes

57

RT

All shapes

57

20 RT

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Duplex J&L Type 2205 (S31803)

21

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Ferritic Carpenter Chrome Core 12 & 12FM Alloys Carpenter Chrome Core 18FM Solenoid Quality Stainless

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

118 / Electrical Properties

Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Ferritic Carpenter Stainless Type 430FR Solenoid Quality 405 (S40500) 405-Annealed (S40500) 429-Annealed (S42900) 430-Annealed (S43000) 430-Annealed (S43000) 430F-Annealed (S43020) Carpenter Stainless Type 430F Solenoid Quality (S43020) 434-Annealed (S43400) 436-Annealed (S43600) 444-Annealed (S44400) 446-Annealed (S44600) 446-Annealed (S44600)

0.76 t

460 t

0.60 u 0.60 t 0.59 t 0.60 u 0.60 t 0.60 t 0.60 t

361 u,d 361 t,d 355 t,d 361 u,d 361 t,d 361 t,d 361 t

0.60 t 0.60 t 0.62 t 0.67 t 0.61 u

361 t,d 361 t,d 373 t,d 403 t,d 367 u,d

0.57 u 0.57 t 0.57 u 0.70 t 0.57 t 0.57 u 0.7874 t,d 0.55 t 0.72 t 0.60 t 0.60 t 0.68 u

343 u,d 342.9 u,d 343 u,d 421 t,d 343 t,d 343 u,d 473.6 t,d 331 t,d 433 t,d 361 t,d 361 t,d 409 u,d

RT 20

All shapes

57

All shapes

65 65 65 65 65 65 57

68 RT RT

20

68 RT RT RT

65 65 65 65 65

RT RT RT RT 68

20

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Martensitic 403 (S40300) 410 (S41000) 410-Annealed (S41000) 414-Annealed (S41400) 416-Annealed (S41600) 416-Annealed (S41600) Greek Ascoloy (S41800) 420-Annealed (S42000) 431-Annealed (S43100) 440A-Annealed (S44002) 440C-Annealed (S44004) 443-Annealed (S44300)

20

68 RT

20

68

Superalloy Superalloy

68 77

Superalloy

RT RT 20 25 RT RT RT RT 20

68

20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68

Bar Sheet Bar Bar Bar Sheet

70 70

70

Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy

80

Superalloy

65 65 65 65 65 65 56 65 65 65 65 65

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Precipitation Hardening 14-4PH-A (J92240) 14-4PH-A (J92240) 14-4PH-H1075 (J92240) 14-4PH-H1075 (J92240) 14-4PH-H900 (J92240) 14-4PH-H900 (J92240) PH13-8Mo-Annealed (S13800) 15-5PH-Annealed (S15500) PH15-7Mo (S15789) 17-4PH (S17400) 17-4PH (S17400) Stainless W (S17600) 17-7PH (S17700) 17-7PH (S17700) 17-7PH-A (S17700) 17-7PH-CH 900 (S17700) 17-7PH-RH 950 (S17700) 17-7PH-TH 1050 (S17700) AM-350 (S35000)

0.770 u,d 0.025 u,d 0.285 u 0.800 u,d 1.001 u,d 0.980 u,d 1.02 t 0.77 t 2.1082 t,d 1.9558 t,d 0.80 t 2.1590 t,d 0.83 t 2.1082 t,d 0.800 u,d 0.838 u,d 0.831 u,d 0.826 u,d 2.0015 t,d

463 u,d 15 u,d 171.4 u,d 481 u,d 602 u,d 590 u,d 614 t,d 463 t,d 1268.1 t,d 1176.5 t,d 481 t,d 1298.7 t,d 499 t,d 1268.1 t,d 481 u,d 504 u,d 500 u,d 497 u,d 1204.0 t,d

RT RT 21 21 RT 21

70 RT

21 RT RT RT RT 27

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

64 64 65 64 64 64 65 65 56 56 65 56 65 56 64 64 64 64 56

Higher Resistivity Materials / 119

Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Precipitation Hardening AM-355 (S35500)

1.9202 t,d

1155.1 t,d

27

80

1.6623 u 1.450 t 1.388 u 1.3548 u 1.350 t 1.390 t 0.40 u

999.9 u 872 t,d 834.92 u,d 814.95 u 812 t,d 836 t,d 241 u,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68

0.65 approx 1.6 t 1.67 t 1.7 t 1.8 t 1.6 t 1.573 u 1.85 to 1.9 t 1.97 approx 1.6 u 1.27 u

391 approx RT 962 t RT 1005 t RT 1023 t RT 1083 t RT 962 t RT 946.2 u 20 68 1110 to 1140 t RT 1185 approx RT 962 u RT 764 u RT

63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63

1.59 t 1.7 t 1.64 t 1.62 t 1.71 t 0.92 1.9 to 2.05 t 1.57 t 1.7 t

956 t 1023 t 987 t 974 t 1029 t 553 1140 to 1230 t 944.40 t 1023 t

63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63

1.48 t 1.4 t 1.4 t 1.56 t 1.35 t 1.6 t

890 t 842 t 842 t 938 t 812 t 962 t

Superalloy

56

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Unclassified 55Fe37.5Cr7.5Al 72.5Fe22Cr5.5Al 72Fe23Cr5Al 72Fe23Cr5Al0.5Co 73.5Fe22Cr4.55Al 73Fe22Cr5Al 501 (S50100)

Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy

Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy

65 91 65 65 91 91 65

Titanium, Titanium, Alpha IMI 230 IMI 679 IMI 685 Ti5621S Timetal 1100 Ti5Al2.5Sn (R54520) Ti5Al2.5Sn (R54520) Ti6242Si (R54620) Ti811 (R54810) Ti621/0.8 (R56210) Ti3Al2.5V (R56320) Titanium, Titanium, Alpha Beta IMI 550 IMI 551 SP-700 Timetal 62S Ti5522S (R54560) Ti8Mn (R56080) Ti6246 (R56260) Ti6Al6V2Sn (R56620) Ti7Al4Mo (R56740)

RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT

Titanium, Titanium, Beta Ti15-3 Ti15-3 Ti13-11-3 (R58010) Beta III (R58030) Timetal 21S (R58210) Beta C (R58640)

25 RT RT RT RT RT

77

63 63 63 63 63 63

Titanium, Titanium, Commercially Pure High-Purity Ti Unalloyed Ti Grade 2 (R50400) Unalloyed Ti Grade 4 (R50700) Ti0.2 Pd (Grade 11) (R52250) Ti0.2 Pd (Grade 7) (R52400) Ti0.3Mo0.8Ni (Grade 12) (R53400)

0.42 u 0.5 to 0.55 u 0.6 u 0.55 u 0.55 u 0.52 u

253 u 55 to 331 u 361 u 331 u 331 u 313 u

RT RT RT RT RT RT

63 63 63 63 63 63

0.82 t

493 t

RT

63

Titanium, Titanium, Titanium Nickel TiNi Shape Memory Alloy (austenite)

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

120 / Electrical Properties

Table 3.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Titanium, Titanium, Titanium Nickel TiNi Shape Memory Alloy (martensite) 0.76 t

457 t

RT

63

Titanium, Titanium, Unclassified Ti Ti Ti Ti

0.5400 u 0.65 u 0.54 u 0.3900 u

324.83 u,d 390.99 u,d 324.83 u,d 234.60 u,d

20 27 20 25

68 80.6 68 77

0.48 u 0.48 u

289 u,d 289 u,d

20 20

68 68

0.063694 t 0.065359 t

38.314 t,d 39.315 t,d

20 20

68 68

Casting alloy Casting alloy

55 55

0.0596 u 0.06 u 0.061 u 0.0545 u

35.85 u,d 36.09 u,d 36.69 u,d 32.78 u,d

20 20 20 25

68 68 68 77

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. Pure Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.74% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18

Unclassified AL 4750 Armco 48

65 65

Zinc, Cast Z33520 (Z33520) Z33531 (Z33531) Zinc, Miscellaneous Zn Zn Zn Zn

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Higher Resistivity Materials / 121

Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Ω circular-mil/ft

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Actinide, Neptunium Np Np Np Np Np Np Np Np Np Np Np Np Np Np Np Np

1.164 u 1.177 u 1.191 u 1.193 u 1.205 u 1.209 u 1.213 u 1.053 u 1.071 u 1.089 u 1.099 u 1.098 u 1.097 u 1.098 u 1.094 u 1.096 u

700.18 u,d 708.00 u,d 716.42 u,d 717.63 u,d 724.84 u,d 727.25 u,d 729.66 u,d 633.41 u,d 644.24 u,d 655.07 u,d 661.08 u,d 660.48 u,d 659.88 u,d 660.48 u,d 658.07 u,d 659.28 u,d

310 334 370 373 425 472 538 600 641 705 771 828 849 873 896 902

590 633.2 698 703.4 797 881.6 1000 1112 1185.8 1301 1419.8 1522.4 1560.2 1603.4 1644.8 1655.6

Alpha phase Alpha phase Alpha phase Alpha phase Alpha phase Alpha phase Alpha phase Beta phase Beta phase Beta phase Beta phase Beta phase Gamma phase Gamma phase Gamma phase Gamma phase

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

1.40 u 1.416 u 1.11 u 1.08 u 1.08 u 1.078 u 1.10 u 1.10 u 1.07 u 1.07 u 1.074 u 1.10 u 1.00 u 1.03 u 1.007 u 1.02 u 1.05 u 1.14 u 1.14 u 1.106 u 1.20 u 1.14 u 1.00 u

842.14 u,d 851.77 u,d 667.70 u,d 649.65 u,d 649.65 u,d 648.45 u,d 661.68 u,d 661.68 u,d 643.64 u,d 643.64 u,d 646.04 u,d 661.68 u,d 601.53 u,d 619.58 u,d 605.74 u,d 613.56 u,d 631.61 u,d 685.74 u,d 685.74 u,d 665.29 u,d 721.84 u,d 685.74 u,d 601.53 u,d

100 100 130 150 200 200 200 220 225 275 300 300 325 360 400 400 470 500 500 500 500 550 725

212 212 163.8 302 392 392 392 428 437 527 572 572 617 680 752 752 878 932 932 932 932 1022 1337

Alpha phase Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Beta phase Beta phase Pure metal, R depends on purity Beta phase Pure metal, R depends on purity Gamma phase Gamma phase Pure metal, R depends on purity Gamma phase Delta phase Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Delta phase Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Epsilon phase Pure metal, R depends on purity Epsilon phase Epsilon phase Delta phase

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

0.040 u 0.32 u 0.59 u 0.50 u 0.557 u 0.557 u 0.54 u

24.06 u,d 192.49 u,d 354.90 u,d 300.77 u,d 335.05 u,d 335.05 u,d 324.83 u,d

-150 0 100 300 700 700 800

-238 32 212 572 1292 1292 1472

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Alpha phase Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Beta phase Gamma phase

18 18 18 18 18 18 18

Actinide, Plutonium Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Actinide, Uranium U U U U U U U

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

122 / Electrical Properties

Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Ω circular-mil/ft

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Actinide, Uranium U U

0.557 u 0.557 u

335.05 u,d 335.05 u,d

900 900

1652 1652

Pure metal, R depends on purity Gamma phase

18 18

0.88 u 1.10 u 1.20 u 1.30 u 1.42 u

529.35 u,d 661.68 u,d 721.84 u,d 781.99 u,d 854.17 u,d

-73 127 227 327 427

-99.4 260.6 440.6 620.6 800.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18

0.60 u 2.04 u 0.96 u 1.11 u 1.26 u 1.40 u 1.52 u 1.62 u 1.72 u 1.90 u

360.92 u,d 1227.12 u,d 577.47 u,d 667.70 u,d 757.93 u,d 842.14 u,d 914.33 u,d 974.48 u,d 1034.63 u,d 1142.91 u,d

-73 1127 127 227 327 427 527 627 727 927

-99.4 2060.6 260.6 440.6 620.6 800.6 980.6 1160.6 1340.6 1700

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

0.84 u 0.81 u 1.02 u 1.20 u 1.40 u 1.59 u 1.79 u 1.86 u 1.93 u

505.29 u,d 487.24 u,d 613.56 u,d 721.84 u,d 842.14 u,d 956.43 u,d 1076.74 u,d 1118.85 u,d 1160.95 u,d

-173 -73 127 227 327 427 527 627 727

-279.4 -99.4 260.6 440.6 620.6 800.6 980.6 1160.6 1340.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

0.71 u 1.06 u 1.23 u 1.36 u 1.49 u

427.09 u,d 637.62 u,d 739.88 u,d 818.08 u,d 896.28 u,d

-73 127 227 327 427

-99.4 260.6 440.6 620.6 800.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18

0.20 u 0.46 u 0.83 u 0.98 u 1.14 u 1.27 u 1.40 u 1.50 u 1.60 u 1.74 u

120.31 u,d 276.70 u,d 499.27 u,d 589.50 u,d 685.74 u,d 763.94 u,d 842.14 u,d 902.30 u,d 962.45 u,d 1046.66 u,d

-173 -73 127 227 327 427 527 627 727 927

-279.4 -99.4 260.6 440.6 620.6 800.6 980.6 1160.6 1340.6 1700

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

Lanthanide, Dysprosium Dy Dy Dy Dy Dy Lanthanide, Erbium Er Er Er Er Er Er Er Er Er Er Lanthanide, Europium Eu Eu Eu Eu Eu Eu Eu Eu Eu Lanthanide, Holmium Ho Ho Ho Ho Ho Lanthanide, Lutetium Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Higher Resistivity Materials / 123

Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Ω circular-mil/ft

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Lanthanide, Neodymium Nd Nd Nd Nd Nd Nd Nd

0.26 u 0.50 u 0.80 u 0.90 u 0.98 u 1.07 u 1.15 u

156.40 u,d 300.77 u,d 481.22 u,d 541.38 u,d 589.50 u,d 643.64 u,d 691.76 u,d

-173 -73 127 227 327 427 527

-279.4 -99.4 260.6 440.6 620.6 800.6 980.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18

0.41 u 0.55 u 0.78 u 0.89 u 0.97 u 1.04 u 1.11 u 1.17 u

246.63 u,d 330.84 u,d 469.19 u,d 535.36 u,d 583.48 u,d 625.59 u,d 667.70 u,d 703.79 u,d

-173 -73 127 227 327 427 527 627

-279.4 -99.4 260.6 440.6 620.6 800.6 980.6 1160.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

0.64 u 0.77 u 1.00 u 1.11 u 1.23 u 1.40 u 1.53 u 1.64 u

384.98 u,d 463.18 u,d 601.53 u,d 667.70 u,d 739.88 u,d 842.14 u,d 920.34 u,d 986.51 u,d

-173 -73 127 227 327 427 527 627

-279.4 -99.4 260.6 440.6 620.6 800.6 980.6 1160.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

0.87 u 1.28 u 1.37 u 1.47 u 1.56 u 1.69 u 1.70 u 1.76 u 1.84 u

523.33 u,d 769.96 u,d 824.10 u,d 884.25 u,d 938.39 u,d 1016.59 u,d 1022.60 u,d 1058.69 u,d 1106.82 u,d

-73 127 227 327 427 527 627 727 927

-99.4 260.6 440.6 620.6 800.6 980.6 1160.6 1340.6 1700

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

0.42 u 0.61 u 0.93 u 1.04 u 1.16 u

252.64 u,d 366.93 u,d 559.42 u,d 625.59 u,d 697.78 u,d

-173 -73 127 227 327

-279.4 -99.4 260.6 440.6 620.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18

Lanthanide, Praseodymium Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Lanthanide, Samarium Sm Sm Sm Sm Sm Sm Sm Sm Lanthanide, Terbium Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Lanthanide, Thulium Tm Tm Tm Tm Tm

Magnesium, Wrought, Magnesium Thorium Manganese HM31A-F (M13312) HM31A-F (M13312) HM31A-F (M13312)

0.097 u 0.115 u 0.079 u

58.3 u,d 69.2 u,d 47.5 u,d

200 316 93

392 600 200

Extruded Extruded Extruded

84 84 84

1.840E-02 u

11.07 u,d

-123

-189.4

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Magnesium, Wrought, Unclassified Mg

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

124 / Electrical Properties

Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families µΩ . m

Alloy-temper (UNS number)

Ω circular-mil/ft

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Magnesium, Wrought, Unclassified Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg

0.00908 u 9.10E-03 u 5.57E-03 u 2.61E-03 u 7.4E-04 u 1.23E-04 u 6.2E-05 u 2.750E-02 u 0.0275 u 0.0405 u 0.0560 u 0.0619 u 0.0720 u 0.07865 u 0.0952 u 0.1210 u 0.112 u 0.128 u 0.144 u

5.46 u,d 5.47 u,d 3.35 u,d 1.57 u,d 0.45 u,d 0.07 u,d 0.04 u,d 16.54 u,d 16.54 u,d 24.36 u,d 33.69 u,d 37.23 u,d 43.31 u,d 47.31 u,d 57.27 u,d 72.79 u,d 67.37 u,d 77.00 u,d 86.62 u,d

-173 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 -73 0 100 127 200 227 327 400 427 527 627

-279.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 -99.4 32 212 260.6 392 440.6 620.6 752 800.6 980.6 1160.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Nickel-Iron Soft Magnetic ASTM A753 Type 1 K94490 (K94490) ASTM A753 Type 2 K94840 (K94840)

1.60 t

16.0 t

727

1.55 t

15.5 t

727

18.95 u,d 7.22 u,d 7.70 u,d 4.17 u,d 1.63 u,d 0.46 u,d 0.17 u,d 0.14 u,d 31.28 u,d 30.68 u,d 51.55 u,d 88.42 u,d 703.79 u,d 98.65 u,d 733.87 u,d 135.95 u,d 145.57 u,d 201.51 u,d 259.26 u,d 269.49 u,d 352.50 u,d 419.87 u,d 445.13 u,d

-123 -173 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 -73 0 100 1127 127 1327 200 227 327 400 427 527 600 627

1340.6 All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.) 1340.6 All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.)

73

-189.4 -279.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 -99.4 32 212 2060.6 260.6 2420.6 392 440.6 620.6 752 800.6 980.6 1112 1160.6

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

73

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Unclassified Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe

0.0315 u 0.012 u 0.0128 u 0.00693 u 0.00271 u 7.58E-4 u 2.87E-4 u 2.25E-4 u 0.0520 u 0.051 u 0.0857 u 0.1470 u 1.17 u 0.164 u 1.22 u 0.2260 u 0.242 u 0.335 u 0.4310 u 0.448 u 0.586 u 0.6980 u 0.740 u

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Higher Resistivity Materials / 125

Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families µΩ

Alloy-temper (UNS number)

.m

Ω circular-mil/ft

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Unclassified Fe Fe Fe

0.914 u 1.0550 u 1.119 u

549.80 u,d 634.61 u,d 673.11 u,d

727 800 927

1340.6 Pure metal, R depends on purity 1472 Pure metal, R depends on purity 1700 Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

0.590 u 1.540 u

354.90 u,d 926.36 u,d

100 500

212 932

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18

0.143 u 8.850E-02 u 6.830E-02 u 4.860E-02 u 2.910E-02 u 9.40E-03 u 8.1E-04 u 0.202 u 0.302 u

86.02 u,d 53.24 u,d 41.08 u,d 29.23 u,d 17.50 u,d 5.65 u,d 0.49 u,d 121.51 u,d 181.66 u,d

-123 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 0

-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 32

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

1.560E-02 u 9.10E-03 u 6.50E-03 u 4.00E-03 u 1.75E-03 u 6.0E-04 u 4.5E-04 u 2.190E-02 u 0.0311 u

9.38 u,d 5.47 u,d 3.91 u,d 2.41 u,d 1.05 u,d 0.36 u,d 0.27 u,d 13.17 u,d 18.71 u,d

-123 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 0

-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 32

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

Mn

1.359 u

817.48 u,d

-123

-189.4

18

Mn Mn

1.36 u 1.321 u

818.08 u,d 794.62 u,d

-123 -173

-189.4 -279.4

Mn Mn Mn Mn

1.32 u 1.32 u 1.31 u 1.419 u

794.02 u,d 794.02 u,d 788.00 u,d 853.57 u,d

-173 -193 -213 -23

-279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -9.4

Mn Mn

1.16 u 1.161 u

697.78 u,d 698.38 u,d

-233 -233

-387.4 -387.4

Mn

0.536 u

322.42 u,d

-253

-423.4

Mn Mn Mn

0.54 u 0.189 u 0.1884 u

324.83 u,d 113.69 u,d 113.33 u,d

-253 -263 -263

-423.4 -441 -441

Mn Mn

7.020E-02 u 0.088 u

42.23 u,d 52.93 u,d

-272 -273

-457.6 -459.4

Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99% Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99% Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99% Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99% Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99% Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99% Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99%

Miscellaneous, Antimony Sb Sb Miscellaneous, Barium Ba Ba Ba Ba Ba Ba Ba Ba Ba Miscellaneous, Calcium Ca Ca Ca Ca Ca Ca Ca Ca Ca Miscellaneous, Manganese

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

126 / Electrical Properties

Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Ω circular-mil/ft

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous, Manganese Mn

1.391 u

836.73 u,d

-73

-99.4

Mn Mn Mn Mn

1.39 u 1.43 u 1.43 u 1.430 u

836.13 u,d 860.19 u,d 860.19 u,d 860.19 u,d

-73 0 0 0

-99.4 32 32 32

Mn

1.477 u

888.46 u,d

127

260.6

Mn

1.501 u

902.90 u,d

227

440.6

Mn

1.521 u

914.93 u,d

327

620.6

Mn

1.536 u

923.95 u,d

427

800.6

Mn

1.461 u

878.84 u,d

77

171

2.990E-02 u 1.790E-02 u 0.0179 u 9.00E-03 u 0.00689 u 4.80E-03 u 1.17E-03 u 8.0E-06 u 0.0426 u 4.260E-02 u 0.0649 u 1.363 u 0.1718 u 2.014 u,F 3.138 u,F 5.753 u,F 0.2291 u 0.2958 u 0.3731 u 0.4620 u 0.5636 u 0.6794 u 0.9604 u

17.99 u,d 10.77 u,d 10.77 u,d 5.41 u,d 4.14 u,d 2.89 u,d 0.70 u,d 0.00 u,d 25.63 u,d 25.63 u,d 39.04 u,d 819.89 u,d 103.34 u,d 1211.48 u,d 1887.60 u,d 3460.60 u,d 137.81 u,d 177.93 u,d 224.43 u,d 277.91 u,d 339.02 u,d 408.68 u,d 577.71 u,d

-123 -173 -173 -213 -223 -233 -253 -272 -73 -73 0 1127 127 1327 1527 1727 227 327 427 527 627 727 927

-189.4 -279.4 -279.4 -351.4 -369.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 -99.4 32 2060.6 260.6 2420.6 2780.6 3140.6 440.6 620.6 800.6 980.6 1160.6 1340.6 1700

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

0.12 u 0.11 u 0.30 u 2.10 u 0.72 u 1.15 u 0.91 u

72.18 u,d 66.17 u,d 180.46 u,d 1263.21 u,d 433.10 u,d 691.76 u,d 547.39 u,d

-173 -250 -73 1000 127 200 227

-279.4 -418 -99.4 1832 260.6 392 440.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.96% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.96% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.96% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18

Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99% Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99% Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99% Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99% Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99% Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99% Pure metal, R depends on purity. Very pure, >= 99.99%

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

Miscellaneous, Potassium K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K Miscellaneous, Scandium Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Higher Resistivity Materials / 127

Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Ω circular-mil/ft

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous, Scandium Sc Sc Sc

1.09 u 1.24 u 1.70 u

655.67 u,d 745.90 u,d 1022.60 u,d

327 427 600

620.6 800.6 1112

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.96% pure

18 18 18

2.030E-02 u 0.01158 u 1.160E-02 u 4.47E-03 u 0.00300 u 1.72E-03 u 1.5E-05 u 9.0E-06 u 0.0289 u 0.0289 u 0.0433 u 0.7644 u 0.1050 u 1.351 u,F 1.844 u,F 0.1436 u 0.1856 u 0.2320 u 0.2838 u 0.3419 u 0.4073 u 0.5645 u

12.21 u,d 6.97 u,d 6.98 u,d 2.69 u,d 1.80 u,d 1.03 u,d 0.01 u,d 0.01 u,d 17.38 u,d 17.38 u,d 26.05 u,d 459.81 u,d 63.16 u,d 812.67 u,d 1109.22 u,d 86.38 u,d 111.64 u,d 139.56 u,d 170.71 u,d 205.66 u,d 245.00 u,d 339.56 u,d

-123 -173 -173 -213 -223 -233 -253 -272 -73 -73 0 1127 127 1527 1727 227 327 427 527 627 727 927

-189.4 -279.4 -279.4 -351.4 -369.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 -99.4 32 2060.6 260.6 2780.6 3140.6 440.6 620.6 800.6 980.6 1160.6 1340.6 1700

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

6.840E-02 u 4.580E-02 u 3.640E-02 u 0.17 u 2.680E-02 u 1.700E-02 u 9.20E-03 u 8.00E-03 u 9.040E-02 u 0.20 u 0.123 u 0.60 u 0.94 u

41.14 u,d 27.55 u,d 21.90 u,d 102.26 u,d 16.12 u,d 10.23 u,d 5.53 u,d 4.81 u,d 54.38 u,d 120.31 u,d 73.99 u,d 360.92 u,d 565.44 u,d

-123 -173 -193 -20 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 0 0 400 700

-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 32 32 752 1292

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

-273

-459.4

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

1127 127 127 1527 227

2060.6 260.6 260.6 2780.6 440.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18

Miscellaneous, Sodium Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Miscellaneous, Strontium Sr Sr Sr Sr Sr Sr Sr Sr Sr Sr Sr Sr Sr Miscellaneous, Technetium Tc Tc Tc Tc Tc Tc

approaching 0 u approaching 0 u,d 0.592 u 356.11 u,d 0.257 u 154.59 u,d 0.25 u 150.38 u,d 0.650 u 390.99 u,d 0.308 u 185.27 u,d

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

128 / Electrical Properties

Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Temperature oC oF

Ω circular-mil/ft

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous, Technetium Tc Tc Tc Tc Tc Tc Tc Tc

0.355 u 0.398 u 0.440 u 0.439 u 0.476 u 0.510 u 0.560 u 0.564 u

213.54 u,d 239.41 u,d 264.67 u,d 264.07 u,d 286.33 u,d 306.78 u,d 336.86 u,d 339.26 u,d

327 427 527 527 627 727 927 927

620.6 800.6 980.6 980.6 1160.6 1340.6 1700 1700

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

Nickel, Magnetically Soft Nickel, Unclassified Magnetically Soft Nickel ASTM A753 Type 3 N14076 (N14076) ASTM A753 Type 4 N14080 (N14080)

0.69 t

6.9 t

727

1340.6 All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.) 1340.6 All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.)

73

0.78 t

7.8 t

727

0.670 d

403

1093

2000

61

0.500 d

301

204

400

61

0.530 d

319

316

600

61

0.560 d

337

427

800

61

0.580 d

349

538

1000

61

0.595 d

358

649

1200

61

0.610 d

367

760

1400

61

0.630 d

379

871

1600

61

0.465 d

280

93

200

61

0.650 d

391

982

1800

61

0.537 d 0.188 d 0.273 d 0.339 d 0.379 d 0.412 d 0.447 d 0.480 d 0.126 d 0.509 d

323 113 164 204 228 248 269 289 76 306

1093 204 316 427 538 649 760 871 93 982

2000 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 200 1800

Rod, bar, sheet, strip, pipe, tube, wire Rod, bar, sheet, strip, pipe, tube, wire Rod, bar, sheet, strip, pipe, tube, wire Rod, bar, sheet, strip, pipe, tube, wire Rod, bar, sheet, strip, pipe, tube, wire Rod, bar, sheet, strip, pipe, tube, wire Rod, bar, sheet, strip, pipe, tube, wire Rod, bar, sheet, strip, pipe, tube, wire Rod, bar, sheet, strip, pipe, tube, wire Rod, bar, sheet, strip, pipe, tube, wire

61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61

909.5 833.1 839.1 850 865.6

1093 204 316 427 538

2000 400 600 800 1000

Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy

61 61 61 61 61

73

Nickel, Nickel, Commercially Pure DURANICKEL Alloy 301-Aged (N03301) DURANICKEL Alloy 301-Aged (N03301) DURANICKEL Alloy 301-Aged (N03301) DURANICKEL Alloy 301-Aged (N03301) DURANICKEL Alloy 301-Aged (N03301) DURANICKEL Alloy 301-Aged (N03301) DURANICKEL Alloy 301-Aged (N03301) DURANICKEL Alloy 301-Aged (N03301) DURANICKEL Alloy 301-Aged (N03301) DURANICKEL Alloy 301-Aged (N03301) Nickel 200 (N02200) Nickel 200 (N02200) Nickel 200 (N02200) Nickel 200 (N02200) Nickel 200 (N02200) Nickel 200 (N02200) Nickel 200 (N02200) Nickel 200 (N02200) Nickel 200 (N02200) Nickel 200 (N02200)

Nickel, Nickel, Iron Chromium Aluminum INCOLOY Alloy MA956 (S67956) INCOLOY Alloy MA956 (S67956) INCOLOY Alloy MA956 (S67956) INCOLOY Alloy MA956 (S67956) INCOLOY Alloy MA956 (S67956)

1.512 d 1.385 d 1.395 d 1.413 d 1.439 d

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Higher Resistivity Materials / 129

Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Ω circular-mil/ft

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Nickel, Nickel, Iron Chromium Aluminum INCOLOY Alloy MA956 (S67956) INCOLOY Alloy MA956 (S67956) INCOLOY Alloy MA956 (S67956) INCOLOY Alloy MA956 (S67956) INCOLOY Alloy MA956 (S67956)

1.462 d 1.485 d 1.496 d 1.380 d 1.506 d

879.5 893.3 899.9 830.1 905.9

649 760 871 93 982

1200 1400 1600 200 1800

Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy

61 61 61 61 61

0.906 d 1.150 d 1.184 d 1.195 d 1.217 d 1.17 d

545 692 712 719 732 704 u,d

31 538 649 732 816 100

87 1000 1200 1350 1500 212

Superalloy, precipitation-hardenable Superalloy, precipitation-hardenable Superalloy, precipitation-hardenable Superalloy, precipitation-hardenable Superalloy, precipitation-hardenable Superalloy

61 61 61 61 61 96

1.19 d

716 u,d

200

392

Superalloy

96

1.21 d

728 u,d

300

572

Superalloy

96

1.23 d

740 u,d

400

752

Superalloy

96

1.24 d

746 u,d

500

932

Superalloy

96

1.25 d

752 u,d

600

1112

Superalloy

96

1.212 1.223 1.241 1.250 1.251 1.259 1.251 1.259 1.261 1.267 1.268 1.272 1.285 1.290 1.245 1.258 1.265 1.273 1.296 1.290 1.269 1.237 1.265 1.181 d 1.209 d

729.1 d 735.7 d 746.5 d 751.9 d 752.5 d 757.3 d 752.5 d 757.3 d 758.5 d 762.1 d 762.7 d 765.1 d 773.0 d 776.0 d 748.9 d 756.7 d 760.9 d 765.7 d 779.6 d 776.0 d 763.3 d 744.1 d 760.9 d 710.4 727.1

129 192 309 369 400 446 493 578 635 704 777 831 929 994 204 316 427 538 649 760 871 93 982 204 316

265 378 588 697 752 835 920 1073 1175 1299 1430 1527 1704 1822 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 200 1800 400 600

Nickel, Nickel, Iron Nickel Chromium A286 (S66286) A286 (S66286) A286 (S66286) A286 (S66286) A286 (S66286) Hastelloy G-30-Solution strengthened (N06030) Hastelloy G-30-Solution strengthened (N06030) Hastelloy G-30-Solution strengthened (N06030) Hastelloy G-30-Solution strengthened (N06030) Hastelloy G-30-Solution strengthened (N06030) Hastelloy G-30-Solution strengthened (N06030) Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Chromium INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601) INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601) INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601) INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601) INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601) INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601) INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601) INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601) INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601) INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601) INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601) INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601) INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601) INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601) INCONEL alloy 686 INCONEL alloy 686 INCONEL alloy 686 INCONEL alloy 686 INCONEL alloy 686 INCONEL alloy 686 INCONEL alloy 686 INCONEL alloy 686 INCONEL alloy 686 INCONEL Alloy 725 (N07725) INCONEL Alloy 725 (N07725)

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61

130 / Electrical Properties

Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Ω circular-mil/ft

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Chromium INCONEL Alloy 725 (N07725) INCONEL Alloy 725 (N07725) INCONEL Alloy 725 (N07725) INCONEL Alloy 725 (N07725) INCONEL Alloy 725 (N07725) INCONEL Alloy 725 (N07725) INCONEL Alloy MA754 (N07754) INCONEL Alloy MA754 (N07754) INCONEL Alloy MA754 (N07754) INCONEL Alloy MA754 (N07754) INCONEL Alloy MA754 (N07754) INCONEL Alloy MA754 (N07754) INCONEL Alloy MA754 (N07754) INCONEL Alloy MA754 (N07754) INCONEL Alloy MA754 (N07754) INCONEL Alloy MA754 (N07754) INCONEL Alloy MA754 (N07754) INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONEL Alloy MA758 INCONELAlloy 625 (N06625) INCONELAlloy 625 (N06625) INCONELAlloy 625 (N06625) INCONELAlloy 625 (N06625) INCONELAlloy 625 (N06625) INCONELAlloy 625 (N06625) INCONELAlloy 625 (N06625) INCONELAlloy 625 (N06625) INCONELAlloy 625 (N06625) INCONELAlloy 625 (N06625)

1.232 d 1.261 d 1.266 d 1.290 d 1.304 d 1.157 d 1.174 d 1.194 d 1.100 d 1.114 d 1.127 d 1.142 d 1.142 d 1.138 d 1.142 d 1.085 d 1.157 d 1.205 d 1.211 d 1.215 d 1.153 d 1.162 d 1.169 d 1.173 d 1.179 d 1.185 d 1.192 d 1.204 d 1.203 d 1.199 d 1.196 d 1.195 d 1.196 d 1.197 d 1.198 d 1.144 d 1.201 d 1.340 d 1.340 d 1.350 d 1.360 d 1.380 d 1.380 d 1.370 d 1.360 d 1.320 d 1.350 d

741.3 758.6 761.7 776.1 784.6 696.2 706.2 718.2 661.7 670.1 677.9 686.9 686.9 684.5 686.9 652.7 696 724.9 728.4 730.8 693.5 699 703 705.8 709.2 712.6 716.8 724.4 723.6 721.4 719.6 718.9 719.5 720.1 720.7 688.3 722.6 806 806 812 818 830 830 824 818 794 812

427 538 649 760 871 93 1093 1204 204 316 427 538 649 760 871 93 982 1038 1093 1149 149 204 260 316 371 427 482 538 593 649 704 760 816 871 927 93 982 1093 204 316 427 538 649 760 871 93 982

800 1000 1200 1400 1600 200 2000 2200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 200 1800 1900 2000 2100 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 200 1800 2000 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 200 1800

Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61

Higher Resistivity Materials / 131

Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Ω circular-mil/ft

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Cobalt MP35N MP35N MP35N MP35N MP35N MP35N MP35N MP35N

0.986 u 1.011 u 1.078 u 1.104 u 1.129 u 1.154 u 1.179 u 1.051 u

593.1 u,d 608.1 u,d 648.4 u,d 664.1 u,d 679.1 u,d 694.2 u,d 709.2 u,d 632.2 u,d

-184 -73 204 316 427 538 649 93

-300 -100 400 600 800 1000 1200 200

Ultra-high strength Ultra-high strength Ultra-high strength Ultra-high strength Ultra-high strength Ultra-high strength Ultra-high strength Ultra-high strength

66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66

4.0132 t,d 2.8702 t,d 3.1496 t,d 3.6068 t,d 3.4519 t,d 3.7109 t,d

2414.1 t,d 1726.5 t,d 1894.6 t,d 2169.6 t,d 2076.4 t,d 2232.2 t,d

871 800 800 800 982 982

1600 1472 1472 1472 1800 1800

Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy

56 56 56 56 56 56

2.210E-02 u 9.60E-03 u 0.98 u 5.45E-03 u 2.42E-03 u 6.8E-04 u 1.40E-04 u 3.2E-05 u 3.91 u 3.670E-02 u 0.0616 u 0.103 u 0.5237 u 0.1191 u 0.158 u 0.1795 u 0.225 u 0.2609 u 0.3202 u 0.3551 u 0.3874 u 0.4176 u 0.455 u 0.4729 u

13.29 u,d 5.77 u,d 589.50 u,d 3.28 u,d 1.46 u,d 0.41 u,d 0.08 u,d 0.02 u,d 2351.98 u,d 22.08 u,d 37.05 u,d 61.96 u,d 315.02 u,d 71.64 u,d 95.04 u,d 107.97 u,d 135.34 u,d 156.94 u,d 192.61 u,d 213.60 u,d 233.03 u,d 251.20 u,d 273.70 u,d 284.46 u,d

-123 -173 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 -73 0 100 1127 127 200 227 300 327 427 527 627 727 900 927

-189.4 -279.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 -99.4 32 212 2060.6 260.6 392 440.6 572 620.6 800.6 980.6 1160.6 1340.6 1652 1700

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

0.67 u 0.82 u 0.91 u 0.98 u 1.03 u 1.08 u

403.03 u,d 493.26 u,d 547.39 u,d 589.50 u,d 619.58 u,d 649.65 u,d

-73 127 227 327 427 527

-99.4 260.6 440.6 620.6 800.6 980.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18

Nickel, Nickel, Superalloy Alloy 713C NIMONIC Alloy 75 (N06075) NIMONIC Alloy 90 (N07090) NIMONIC Alloy 105 Udimet 500 (N07500) Udimet700 Nickel, Nickel, Unclassified Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Rare Earth, Cerium Ce Ce Ce Ce Ce Ce

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

132 / Electrical Properties

Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Ω circular-mil/ft

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Rare Earth, Cerium Ce

1.12 u

673.71 u,d

627

1160.6 Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

0.25 u 9.000E-02 u 0.50 u 0.72 u 0.79 u 0.890 u 1.270 u

150.38 u,d 54.14 u,d 300.77 u,d 433.10 u,d 475.21 u,d 535.36 u,d 763.94 u,d

-173 -260 -73 127 227 400 920

-279.4 -436 -99.4 260.6 440.6 752 1688

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 98% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 98% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity. 98% pure

18 18 18 18 18 18 18

0.19 u 0.71 u 0.88 u 0.42 u 0.64 u

114.29 u,d 427.09 u,d 529.35 u,d 252.64 u,d 384.98 u,d

0 1200 1700 400 800

32 2192 3092 752 1472

Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.1%pure Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.9% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.9% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.1% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.1% pure

18 18 18 18 18

2.136 c 0.868 c 2.196 c 1.042 c 1.224 c 1.278 c 1.53 c 1.666 c 1.79 c 2.00 c

1284.87 u,d 522.13 u,d 1320.96 u,d 626.79 u,d 736.27 u,d 768.76 u,d 920.34 u,d 1002.15 u,d 1076.74 u,d 1203.06 u,d

1127 127 1327 227 327 427 527 627 727 927

2060.6 260.6 2420.6 440.6 620.6 800.6 980.6 1160.6 1340.6 1700

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

5.10E-03 u 1.33E-03 u 7.5E-04 u 6.7E-04 u 3.67E-04 u 3.36E-04 u 3.32E-04 u 0.0129 u 0.0302 u 0.0530 u 0.1050 u 0.1110 u 0.2180 u 0.2600 u

3.07 u,d 0.80 u,d 0.45 u,d 0.40 u,d 0.22 u,d 0.20 u,d 0.20 u,d 7.76 u,d 18.17 u,d 31.88 u,d 63.16 u,d 66.77 u,d 131.13 u,d 156.40 u,d

-123 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 0 100 200 300 500 700

-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 32 212 392 572 932 1292

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

4.500E-02 u 5.00E-03 u 1.600E-02 u 0.118 u 0.077 u

27.07 u,d 3.00 u,d 9.62 u,d 70.98 u,d 46.32 u,d

-123 -173 -173 -23 -73

-189.4 -279.4 -279.4 -9.4 -99.4

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 94 18 18 18

Rare Earth, Lanthanum La La La La La La La Rare Earth, Thorium Th Th Th Th Th Rare Earth, Yttrium Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Refractory, Beryllium Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Refractory, Chromium Cr Cr Cr Cr Cr

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Higher Resistivity Materials / 133

Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families µΩ

Alloy-temper (UNS number)

.m

Ω circular-mil/ft

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Refractory, Chromium Cr Cr Cr Cr Cr Cr

0.077 u 0.118 u 0.201 u 0.295 u 0.346 u 0.399 u

46.32 u,d 70.98 u,d 120.91 u,d 177.45 u,d 208.13 u,d 240.01 u,d

-73 0 227 427 527 627

-99.4 32 440.6 800.6 980.6 1160.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18

0.93

553

100

212

High temp corrosion res

66

0.986 1.154 1.179 1.051 1.104

593 694 709 632 664

-300 1000 1200 200 600

-184 1832 2192 392 1112

9.300E-02 u 0.321 u 0.0930 u 0.7740 u 0.871 u 0.9190 u 0.954 u 0.948 u 0.976 u 0.1388 u 0.1411 u 0.1978 u 0.1987 u 0.2656 u 0.2659 u 0.3205 u 0.4020 u 0.4037 u 0.4956 u 0.5860 u 0.6911 u

55.94 u,d 193.09 u,d 55.94 u,d 465.58 u,d 523.93 u,d 552.81 u,d 573.86 u,d 570.25 u,d 587.09 u,d 83.49 u,d 84.88 u,d 118.98 u,d 119.52 u,d 159.77 u,d 159.95 u,d 192.79 u,d 241.82 u,d 242.84 u,d 298.12 u,d 352.50 u,d 415.72 u,d

-173 -73 100 1000 1127 1200 127 1327 1427 200 227 300 327 400 427 527 600 627 727 800 927

-279.4 -99.4 212 1832 2060.6 2192 260.6 2420.6 2600.6 392 440.6 572 620.6 752 800.6 980.6 1112 1160.6 1340.6 1472 1700

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

0.1500 u 9.120E-02 u 6.750E-02 u 4.530E-02 u 2.520E-02 u 1.110E-02 u 1.00E-02 u 0.2100 u 0.2100 u 0.3040 u

90.23 u,d 54.86 u,d 40.60 u,d 27.25 u,d 15.16 u,d 6.68 u,d 6.02 u,d 126.32 u,d 126.32 u,d 182.87 u,d

-123 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 -73 0

-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 -99.4 32

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

Refractory, Cobalt, Cobalt Chromium Conicro 5010W (R30605) Refractory, Cobalt, Cobalt Nickel Carpenter MP35N (R30035) Carpenter MP35N (R30035) Carpenter MP35N (R30035) Carpenter MP35N (R30035) Carpenter MP35N (R30035)

66 66 66 66 66

Refractory, Cobalt, Commercially Pure Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Refractory, Halfnium Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

134 / Electrical Properties

Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families µΩ . m

Alloy-temper (UNS number)

Ω circular-mil/ft

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Refractory, Halfnium Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf

0.465 u 1.580 u 0.4810 u 1.660 u 1.690 u 1.620 u 1.580 u 0.603 u 0.6310 u 0.7708 u 0.844 u 0.8961 u 1.0190 u 1.1390 u 1.253 u 1.448 u

279.71 u,d 950.42 u,d 289.34 u,d 998.54 u,d 1016.59 u,d 974.48 u,d 950.42 u,d 362.72 u,d 379.57 u,d 463.66 u,d 507.69 u,d 539.03 u,d 612.96 u,d 685.14 u,d 753.72 u,d 871.02 u,d

100 1127 127 1327 1527 1727 1927 200 227 327 400 427 527 627 727 927

212 2060.6 260.6 2420.6 2780.6 3140.6 3500.6 392 440.6 620.6 752 800.6 980.6 1160.6 1340.6 1700

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

1.990E-02 u 8.58E-03 u 2.06E-03 u 4.57E-04 u 2.61E-05 u 7.0E-06 u 0.0313 u 0.0485 u 0.076 u 0.31 u 0.46 u 0.176 u

11.97 u,d 5.16 u,d 1.24 u,d 0.27 u,d 0.02 u,d 0.00 u,d 18.83 u,d 29.17 u,d 45.72 u,d 186.47 u,d 276.70 u,d 105.87 u,d

-123 -173 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 0 100 1000 1500 500

-189.4 -279.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 32 212 1832 2732 932

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

0.548 u 0.883 u 0.713 u 0.250 u 0.366 u 0.481 u 0.597 u

330.0 u,d 531.2 u,d 428.89 u,d 150.38 u,d 220.16 u,d 289.34 u,d 359.11 u,d

1027 2027 1000 200 400 600 800

1881 3681 1832 392 752 1112 1472

Unalloyed Unalloyed Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

66 66 18 18 18 18 18

0.254 u 0.250 u 0.805 u 0.812 u 0.255 u 0.870 u 0.877 u 0.930 u 0.94 u

152.79 u,d 150.38 u,d 484.23 u,d 488.44 u,d 153.39 u,d 523.33 u,d 527.54 u,d 559.42 u,d 565.44 u,d

100 100 1100 1127 127 1300 1327 1500 1527

212 212 2012 2060.6 260.6 2372 2420.6 2732 2780.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

Refractory, Molybdenum, Unclassified Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Refractory, Niobium Cabot Columbium Cabot Columbium Nb Nb Nb Nb Nb Refractory, Rhenium Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Higher Resistivity Materials / 135

Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Ω circular-mil/ft

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Refractory, Rhenium Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re

0.985 u 1.00 u 1.030 u 1.04 u 1.065 u 1.08 u 0.334 u 1.090 u 1.11 u 1.320 u 1.15 u 1.18 u 0.400 u 0.41 u 0.482 u 0.526 u 0.547 u 0.60 u 0.630 u 0.66 u 0.725 u 0.747 u

592.51 u,d 601.53 u,d 619.58 u,d 625.59 u,d 640.63 u,d 649.65 u,d 200.91 u,d 655.67 u,d 667.70 u,d 794.02 u,d 691.76 u,d 709.81 u,d 240.61 u,d 246.63 u,d 289.94 u,d 316.41 u,d 329.04 u,d 360.92 u,d 378.96 u,d 397.01 u,d 436.11 u,d 449.34 u,d

1700 1727 1900 1927 2100 2127 227 2300 2327 2500 2527 2727 300 327 427 500 527 627 700 727 900 927

3092 3140.6 3452 3500.6 3812 3860.6 440.6 4172 4220.6 4532 4580.6 4940.6 572 620.6 800.6 932 980.6 1160.6 1292 1340.6 1652 1700

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

6.190E-02 u 3.640E-02 u 2.620E-02 u 1.650E-02 u 7.51E-03 u 1.46E-03 u 1.02E-03 u 0.0876 u 0.0866 u 0.1220 u 0.173 u 0.588 u 0.180 u 0.656 u 0.710 u 0.729 u 0.795 u 0.860 u 0.922 u 0.225 u 0.983 u 1.020 u 1.041 u 1.099 u 1.155 u

37.23 u,d 21.90 u,d 15.76 u,d 9.93 u,d 4.52 u,d 0.88 u,d 0.61 u,d 52.69 u,d 52.09 u,d 73.39 u,d 104.06 u,d 353.70 u,d 108.28 u,d 394.60 u,d 427.09 u,d 438.52 u,d 478.22 u,d 517.32 u,d 554.61 u,d 135.34 u,d 591.30 u,d 613.56 u,d 626.19 u,d 661.08 u,d 694.77 u,d

-123 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -263 -73 -73 0 100 1127 127 1327 1500 1527 1727 1927 2127 227 2327 2500 2527 2727 2927

-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -441 -99.4 -99.4 32 212 2060.6 260.6 2420.6 2732 2780.6 3140.6 3500.6 3860.6 440.6 4220.6 4532 4580.6 4940.6 5300.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

Refractory, Tantalum Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

136 / Electrical Properties

Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Ω circular-mil/ft

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Refractory, Tantalum Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta

0.269 u 0.312 u 0.350 u 0.353 u 0.395 u 0.435 u 0.513 u

161.81 u,d 187.68 u,d 210.54 u,d 212.34 u,d 237.60 u,d 261.67 u,d 308.59 u,d

327 427 500 527 627 727 927

620.6 800.6 932 980.6 1160.6 1340.6 1700

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18

2.090E-02 u 1.020E-02 u 2.66E-03 u 5.44E-04 u 1.96E-05 u 1.6E-07 u 0.0318 u 0.0319 u 0.0482 u 0.073 u 0.330 u 0.369 u 0.0784 u 0.435 u 0.502 u 0.571 u 0.640 u 0.650 u 0.710 u 0.103 u 0.781 u 0.853 u 0.926 u 1.00 u 1.000 u 1.07 u 0.129 u 1.15 u 0.156 u 0.180 u 0.185 u 0.214 u 0.244 u 0.305 u

12.57 u,d 6.14 u,d 1.60 u,d 0.33 u,d 0.01 u,d 0.00 u,d 19.13 u,d 19.19 u,d 28.99 u,d 43.91 u,d 198.51 u,d 221.96 u,d 47.16 u,d 261.67 u,d 301.97 u,d 343.47 u,d 384.98 u,d 390.99 u,d 427.09 u,d 61.96 u,d 469.80 u,d 513.11 u,d 557.02 u,d 601.53 u,d 601.53 u,d 643.64 u,d 77.60 u,d 691.76 u,d 93.84 u,d 108.28 u,d 111.28 u,d 128.73 u,d 146.77 u,d 183.47 u,d

-123 -173 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 -73 0 100 1000 1127 127 1327 1527 1727 1927 2000 2127 227 2327 2527 2727 2927 3000 3127 327 3327 427 500 527 627 727 927

-189.4 -279.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 -99.4 32 212 1832 2060.6 260.6 2420.6 2780.6 3140.6 3500.6 3632 3860.6 440.6 4220.6 4580.6 4940.6 5300.6 5432 5660.6 620.6 6020.6 800.6 932 980.6 1160.6 1340.6 1700

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

8.200E-02 u 4.010E-02 u 2.410E-02 u 1.110E-02 u 3.04E-03 u

49.33 u,d 24.12 u,d 14.50 u,d 6.68 u,d 1.83 u,d

-123 -173 -193 -213 -233

-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18

Refractory, Tungsten, Unclassified W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W Refractory, Vanadium V V V V V

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Higher Resistivity Materials / 137

Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Ω circular-mil/ft

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Refractory, Vanadium V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V

3.90E-04 u 1.45E-04 u 0.124 u 0.127 u 0.181 u 0.315 u 0.821 u 0.271 u 0.911 u 0.999 u 1.088 u,F 1.133 u,F 0.338 u 0.401 u 0.461 u 0.519 u 0.574 u 0.627 u 0.727 u

0.23 u,d 0.09 u,d 74.59 u,d 76.39 u,d 108.88 u,d 189.48 u,d 493.86 u,d 163.01 u,d 547.99 u,d 600.93 u,d 654.47 u,d 681.53 u,d 203.32 u,d 241.21 u,d 277.31 u,d 312.19 u,d 345.28 u,d 377.16 u,d 437.31 u,d

-253 -263 -73 -73 0 100 1127 127 1327 1527 1727 1827 227 327 427 527 627 727 927

-423.4 -441 -99.4 -99.4 32 212 2060.6 260.6 2420.6 2780.6 3140.6 3320.6 440.6 620.6 800.6 980.6 1160.6 1340.6 1700

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

0.17800 u 9.790E-02 u 6.640E-02 u 0.10 u 3.750E-02 u 1.440E-02 u 3.57E-03 u 2.50E-03 u 0.26300 u 0.268 u 0.38800 u 1.14 u 0.602 u 1.22 u 1.18 u 1.26 u 1.23 u 1.27 u 0.763 u 0.912 u 1.02 u 1.03 u 1.13 u 1.21 u 1.26 u 1.14 u 1.10 u

107.07 u,d 58.89 u,d 39.94 u,d 60.15 u,d 22.56 u,d 8.66 u,d 2.15 u,d 1.50 u,d 158.20 u,d 161.21 u,d 233.39 u,d 685.74 u,d 362.12 u,d 733.87 u,d 709.81 u,d 757.93 u,d 739.88 u,d 763.94 u,d 458.97 u,d 548.60 u,d 613.56 u,d 619.58 u,d 679.73 u,d 727.85 u,d 757.93 u,d 685.74 u,d 661.68 u,d

-123 -173 -193 -200 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 -73 0 1127 127 1300 1327 1500 1527 1727 227 327 400 427 527 627 727 900 927

-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -328 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 -99.4 32 2060.6 260.6 2372 2420.6 2732 2780.6 3140.6 440.6 620.6 752 800.6 980.6 1160.6 1340.6 1652 1700

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.9% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.9% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.9% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.9% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.9% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

Refractory, Zirconium Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr Zr

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

138 / Electrical Properties

Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Ω circular-mil/ft

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Steel, Alloy, Chromium 5132# (G51320) 5132# (G51320) 5132# (G51320) 5132# (G51320) 5132# (G51320) 5132# (G51320) 5132# (G51320) 5132# (G51320) 5132# (G51320) 5132# (G51320) 5132# (G51320) 5140# (G51400) 5140# (G51400) 5140# (G51400) 5140# (G51400)

0.259 u 1.177 u 1.205 u 1.230 u 1.251 u 0.330 u 0.517 u 0.778 u 0.934 u 1.106 u 1.145 u 0.281 u 0.352 u 0.530 u 0.785 u

155.8 u,d 708.0 u,d 724.8 u,d 739.9 u,d 753 u,d 198.5 u,d 311.0 u,d 468.0 u,d 561.8 u,d 665.3 u,d 688.8 u,d 169 u,d 211.7 u,d 318.8 u,d 472.2 u,d

100 1000 1100 1200 1300 200 400 600 700 800 900 100 200 400 600

212 1832 2012 2192 2372 392 752 1112 1292 1472 1652 212 392 752 1112

Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI

65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65

0.271 u 1.171 u 1.222 u 0.342 u 0.529 u 0.786 u 1.103 u 0.263 u 0.326 u 0.475 u 0.646 u

163.0 u,d 704.4 u,d 735.1 u,d 205.7 u,d 318 u,d 472.8 u,d 663.5 u,d 158.2 u,d 196.1 u,d 285.7 u,d 388.6 u,d

100 1000 1200 200 400 600 800 100 200 400 600

212 1832 2192 392 752 1112 1472 212 392 752 1112

Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI

65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65

1.310 d 1.092 d 1.134 d 1.170 d 1.200 d 1.240 d 1.260 d 1.280 d 1.031 d 1.290 d

788 657 682 704 722 746 758 770 620 776

1093 204 316 427 538 649 760 871 93 982

2000 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 200 1800

Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy

61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61

0.298 u 0.367 u 0.552 u 0.797 u

179.3 u,d 220.8 u,d 332.0 u,d 479.4 u,d

100 200 400 600

212 392 752 1112

Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI

65 65 65 65

0.259 u 1.174 u 1.202 u

155.8 u,d 706.2 u,d 723.0 u,d

100 1000 1100

212 1832 2012

Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI

65 65 65

Steel, Alloy, Chromium Molybdenum 4130# (G41300) 4130# (G41300) 4130# (G41300) 4130# (G41300) 4130# (G41300) 4130# (G41300) 4130# (G41300) 4140# (G41400) 4140# (G41400) 4140# (G41400) 4140# (G41400) Steel, Alloy, Nickel INCOLOY alloy 800 (N08800) INCOLOY alloy 800 (N08800) INCOLOY alloy 800 (N08800) INCOLOY alloy 800 (N08800) INCOLOY alloy 800 (N08800) INCOLOY alloy 800 (N08800) INCOLOY alloy 800 (N08800) INCOLOY alloy 800 (N08800) INCOLOY alloy 800 (N08800) INCOLOY alloy 800 (N08800)

Steel, Alloy, Nickel Chromium Molybdenum 4340# (G43400) 4340# (G43400) 4340# (G43400) 4340# (G43400) Steel, Carbon Steel, High-Manganese 1524# (G1524) 1524# (G1524) 1524# (G1524)

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Higher Resistivity Materials / 139

Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Ω circular-mil/ft

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Steel, Carbon Steel, High-Manganese 1524# (G1524) 1524# (G1524) 1524# (G1524) 1524# (G1524) 1524# (G1524) 1524# (G1524) 1524# (G1524) 1524# (G1524)

1.227 u 1.250 u 0.333 u 0.523 u 0.786 u 0.946 u 1.103 u 1.143 u

738.1 u,d 751.9 u,d 200.3 u,d 314.6 u,d 472.8 u,d 569.0 u,d 663.5 u,d 687.5 u,d

1200 1300 200 400 600 700 800 900

2192 2372 392 752 1112 1292 1472 1652

Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI

65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65

0.178 u 1.160 u 1.189 u 1.216 u 1.241 u 0.252 u 0.448 u 0.725 u 0.898 u 1.073 u 1.124 u 0.190 u 1.165 u 1.193 u 1.220 u 1.244 u 0.263 u 0.458 u 0.734 u 0.905 u 1.081 u 1.130 u 0.219 u 1.167 u 1.194 u 1.219 u 1.239 u 0.292 u 0.487 u 0.758 u 0.925 u 1.094 u 1.136 u 0.221 u 1.179 u 1.207 u 1.230 u 0.296 u 0.493 u

107.1 u,d 697.8 u,d 715.2 u,d 731.5 u,d 746.5 u,d 151.6 u,d 269.5 u,d 436.1 u,d 540.2 u,d 645.4 u,d 676.1 u,d 114.3 u,d 700.8 u,d 717.6 u,d 733.9 u,d 748.3 u,d 158.2 u,d 275.5 u,d 441.5 u,d 544.4 u,d 650.3 u,d 679.7 u,d 131.7 u,d 702.0 u,d 718.2 u,d 733.3 u,d 745.3 u,d 175.6 u,d 292.9 u,d 456.0 u,d 556.4 u,d 658.1 u,d 683.3 u,d 132.9 u,d 709.2 u,d 726.0 u,d 739.9 u,d 178.1 u,d 296.6 u,d

100 1000 1100 1200 1300 200 400 600 700 800 900 100 1000 1100 1200 1300 200 400 600 700 800 900 100 1000 1100 1200 1300 200 400 600 700 800 900 100 1000 1100 1200 200 400

212 1832 2012 2192 2372 392 752 1112 1292 1472 1652 212 1832 2012 2192 2372 392 752 1112 1292 1472 1652 212 1832 2012 2192 2372 392 752 1112 1292 1472 1652 212 1832 2012 2192 392 752

Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI

65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65

Steel, Carbon Steel, Nonresulfurized 1008# (0.06C) (G10080) 1008# (0.06C) (G10080) 1008# (0.06C) (G10080) 1008# (0.06C) (G10080) 1008# (0.06C) (G10080) 1008# (0.06C) (G10080) 1008# (0.06C) (G10080) 1008# (0.06C) (G10080) 1008# (0.06C) (G10080) 1008# (0.06C) (G10080) 1008# (0.06C) (G10080) 1008#(0.07C) (G10080) 1008#(0.07C) (G10080) 1008#(0.07C) (G10080) 1008#(0.07C) (G10080) 1008#(0.07C) (G10080) 1008#(0.07C) (G10080) 1008#(0.07C) (G10080) 1008#(0.07C) (G10080) 1008#(0.07C) (G10080) 1008#(0.07C) (G10080) 1008#(0.07C) (G10080) 1025# (G10250) 1025# (G10250) 1025# (G10250) 1025# (G10250) 1025# (G10250) 1025# (G10250) 1025# (G10250) 1025# (G10250) 1025# (G10250) 1025# (G10250) 1025# (G10250) 1042# (G10420) 1042# (G10420) 1042# (G10420) 1042# (G10420) 1042# (G10420) 1042# (G10420)

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

140 / Electrical Properties

Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Ω circular-mil/ft

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Steel, Carbon Steel, Nonresulfurized 1042# (G10420) 1042# (G10420) 1042# (G10420) 1042# (G10420) 1078# (G10780) 1078# (G10780) 1078# (G10780) 1078# (G10780) 1078# (G10780) 1078# (G10780) 1078# (G10780) 1078# (G10780) 1078# (G10780) 1078# (G10780) 1078# (G10780)

0.766 u 0.932 u 1.111 u 1.149 u 0.232 u 1.191 u 1.214 u 1.231 u 1.246 u 0.308 u 0.505 u 0.722 u 0.935 u 1.129 u 1.164 u

460.8 u,d 560.6 u,d 668.3 u,d 691.2 u,d 139.6 u,d 716.4 u,d 730.3 u,d 740.5 u,d 749.5 u,d 185.3 u,d 303.8 u,d 434.3 u,d 562.4 u,d 679.1 u,d 700.2 u,d

600 700 800 900 100 1000 1100 1200 1300 200 400 600 700 800 900

1112 1292 1472 1652 212 1832 2012 2192 2372 392 752 1112 1292 1472 1652

0.78 u 0.86 u 1.00 u 1.11 u 1.21 u 1.26 u 2.7686 t,d 0.86 u 0.95 u 1.02 u 1.08 u 1.14 u 2.8956 t,d 1.18 u 1.25 u 0.78 u 2.9464 t,d 3.1496 t,d 2.7940 t,d 0.87 u 0.93 u 0.99 u 1.04 u 1.10 u 0.79 u 2.9718 t,d 2.8194 t,d 1.1887 t,d

469 u,d 516 u,d 602 u,d 668 u,d 727 u,d 758 u,d 1665.4 t,d 517 u,d 571 u,d 614 u,d 650 u,d 686 u,d 1741.8 t,d 710 u,d 752 u,d 469 u,d 1772.3 t,d 1894.6 t,d 1680.7 t,d 523 u,d 559 u,d 596 u,d 626 u,d 662 u,d 475 u,d 1787.6 t,d 1696.0 t,d 715.1 t,d

100 200 400 600 800 900 649 204 316 427 538 649 649 760 871 93 649 649 649 204 316 427 538 649 93 649 649 649

212 392 752 1112 1472 1652 1200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1200 1400 1600 200 1200 1200 1200 400 600 800 1000 1200 200 1200 1200 1200

0.8788 t,d

528.6 t,d

399

750

Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI Nearest AISI

65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Austenitic 301-Annealed (S30100) 301-Annealed (S30100) 301-Annealed (S30100) 301-Annealed (S30100) 301-Annealed (S30100) 301-Annealed (S30100) 302 (S30200) 304 (S30400) 304 (S30400) 304 (S30400) 304 (S30400) 304 (S30400) 304 (S30400) 304 (S30400) 304 (S30400) 304 (S30400) 309S (S30909) 310 (S31000) 316 (S31600) 316-Annealed (S31600) 316-Annealed (S31600) 316-Annealed (S31600) 316-Annealed (S31600) 316-Annealed (S31600) 316-Annealed (S31600) 321 (S32100) 347 (S34700) A286 (S66286)

Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy

64 64 64 64 64 64 56 64 64 64 64 64 56 64 64 64 56 56 56 64 64 64 64 64 64 56 56 56

Superalloy

56

Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Martensitic 410 (S41000)

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Higher Resistivity Materials / 141

Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Ω circular-mil/ft

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Titanium, Titanium, Alpha 5Al2.5Sn 8Al1Mo1V Ti5Al2.5Sn (R54520) Ti5Al2.5Sn (R54520) Ti5Al2.5Sn (R54520) Ti679

4.6482 t,d 5.1054 t,d 1.707 u 1.860 u 1.885 u 4.6990 t,d

2796.0 t,d 3071.1 t,d 1026.8 u 1118.8 u 1133.8 u 2826.6 t,d

427 427 200 540 760 427

800 800 392 1000 1400 800

Superalloy Superalloy

4.3688 t,d 4.7498 t,d 4.6482 t,d 3.5560 t,d 4.5720 t,d 1.675 u 1.469 u 1.501 u 1.610 u 1.563 u 1.331 u 1.366 u 1.490 u

2628.0 t,d 2857.1 t,d 2796.0 t,d 2139.0 t,d 2750.2 t,d 1007.5 u 883.65 u 902.90 u 968.46 u 940.19 u 800.64 u 821.69 u 896.28 u

427 427 427 427 427 0 292.81 348.91 465.6 0 292.81 348.91 465.6

800 800 800 800 800 32 559.1 660.0 870.1 32 559.1 660.0 870.1

Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy

1.55 t 1.60 t

932 t 962 t

250 540

482 1000

0.20 u 0.46 u 0.70 u 0.83 u 0.88 u 0.88 u 0.98 u 1.14 u 1.19 u 1.19 u 1.27 u 1.40 u 1.52 u 1.52 u 1.50 u 1.60 u 1.65 u 1.65 u 1.74 u

120.31 u,d 276.70 u,d 421.07 u,d 499.27 u,d 529.35 u,d 529.35 u,d 589.50 u,d 685.74 u,d 715.82 u,d 715.82 u,d 763.94 u,d 842.14 u,d 914.33 u,d 914.33 u,d 902.30 u,d 962.45 u,d 992.53 u,d 992.53 u,d 1046.66 u,d

-173 -73 100 127 200 200 227 327 400 400 427 527 600 600 627 727 800 800 927

-279.4 -99.4 212 260.6 392 392 440.6 620.6 752 752 800.6 980.6 1112 1112 1160.6 1340.6 1472 1472 1700

Pure metal, R depends on purity. Pure Pure metal, R depends on purity. Pure Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. Pure Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.74% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity. Pure Pure metal, R depends on purity. Pure Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.74% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity. Pure Pure metal, R depends on purity. Pure Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.74% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. Pure Pure metal, R depends on purity. Pure Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.74% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. Pure

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

2.710E-02 u 2.200E-02 u 1.600E-02 u

16.30 u,d 13.23 u,d 9.62 u,d

-123 -160 -173

-189.4 -256 -279.4

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

Superalloy

56 56 63 63 63 56

Titanium, Titanium, Alpha Beta 4Al4Mn 6Al4V 7Al4Mo 8Mn Ti155a Ti6Al4V-Annealed (R56400) Ti6Al4V-Annealed (R56400) Ti6Al4V-Annealed (R56400) Ti6Al4V-Annealed (R56400) Ti6Al4V ELI-Annealed (R56401) Ti6Al4V ELI-Annealed (R56401) Ti6Al4V ELI-Annealed (R56401) Ti6Al4V ELI-Annealed (R56401)

56 56 56 56 56 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63

Titanium, Titanium, Beta Ti15-3 Ti15-3

63 63

Titanium, Titanium, Unclassified Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Zinc, Miscellaneous Zn Zn Zn

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

142 / Electrical Properties

Table 3.3 Volume Resistivity at High and Low Temperatures of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Ω circular-mil/ft

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Zinc, Miscellaneous Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn

1.150E-02 u 7.15E-03 u 3.06E-03 u 3.87E-04 u 1.00E-04 u 3.830E-02 u 0.0546 u 0.0780 u 0.08 u 0.079 u 0.084 u 0.110 u 0.10 u 0.130 u 0.12 u 0.165 u 0.18 u 0.108 u

6.92 u,d 4.30 u,d 1.84 u,d 0.23 u,d 0.06 u,d 23.04 u,d 32.84 u,d 46.92 u,d 48.12 u,d 47.52 u,d 50.53 u,d 66.17 u,d 60.15 u,d 78.20 u,d 72.18 u,d 99.25 u,d 108.28 u,d 64.97 u,d

-193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 0 100 100 100 200 200 200 300 300 400 400 500

-315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 32 212 212 212 392 392 392 572 572 752 752 932

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

Higher Resistivity Materials / 143

Table 3.4 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number) Actinide, Uranium U

oC -1

0.0034 u

oF -1

0.00189 u,t

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Aluminum, Wrought, 1xxx Commercially Pure Aluminum Al (99.996%) 0.004290 t 0.002383 t,d

20

68

Resistance alloy

91

Copper, Miscellaneous, Instrument and Control 83Cu13Mn4Ni(manganin) +/-15E-06 t

+/-8E-06 t,d

15 to 35

59 to 81

Resistance alloy

91

85Cu10Mn4Ni(shunt manganin)

+/-10E-06 t

+/-6E-06 t,d

40 to 60

104 to 140

Resistance alloy

91

87Cu13Mn(manganin)

+/-15E-06 t

+/-8E-06 t,d

15 to 35

59 to 81

Resistance alloy

91

+/-39E-06 t,d

-55 to 105

-67 to 221

Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy

91

Copper, Miscellaneous, Thermocouple 53Cu44Ni3Mn(constantan) +/-70E-06 t 55Cu45Ni(constantan)

+/-40E-06 t

+/-22E-06 t,d

-55 to 105

-67 to 221

Resistance alloy

91

57Cu43Ni(constantan)

+/-20E-06 t

+/-11E-06 t,d

25 to 105

77 to 221

Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy

91

78Cu22Ni

0.000180 t

0.000100 t,d

25 to 105

77 to 221

Resistance alloy

91

89Cu11Ni

0.000450 t

0.000250 t,d

25 to 105

77 to 221

Resistance alloy

91

94Cu6Ni

0.000700 t

0.000389 t,d

25 to 105

77 to 221

Resistance alloy

91

98Cu2Ni

0.001400 t

0.000778 t,d

25 to 105

77 to 221

Resistance alloy

91

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper Cu(99.99) 0.004270 t

0.002372 t,d

0 to 50

32 to 122

Resistance alloy

91

Magnesium, Cast, Magnesium Zinc Zirconium ZK51A (M16510) 0.00258 u,d 0.00143 u,d

20

68

Casting

84

Magnesium, Wrought, Magnesium Thorium Manganese HM31A-F (M13312) 0.00273 u,d 0.00152 u,d

20

68

Extruded

84

Magnesium, Wrought, Unclassified Mg

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Low Expansion, Iron Nickel Chromium 35Ni20Cr43.5Fe1.5Si 0.000400 t 0.000222 t,d 25 to 105

77 to 221

Resistance alloy

91

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Unclassified Fe 0.0065 u

0.00425 u

0.00236 u,t

0.00361 u,t

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

0.005000 t

0.002778 t,d

20

68

Resistance alloy

91

Miscellaneous, Antimony Sb

0.0051 u

0.00283 u,t

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Miscellaneous, Calcium Ca

0.00457 u

0.00254 u,t

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Miscellaneous, Sodium Na

0.0055 u

0.00306 u,t

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Miscellaneous, Thallium Tl

0.0052 u

0.00289 u,t

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Fe(99.94)

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

144 / Electrical Properties

Table 3.4 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

oC -1

oF -1

Nickel, Electrical Resistance Nickel, Nickel Chromium 37Ni21Cr40Fe2Si 0.000300 t 0.000167 t,d

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

20 to 100

68 to 212

Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy

91

60Ni16Cr22.5Fe1.5Si

0.000150 t

83E-06 t,d

25 to 105

77 to 221

Resistance alloy

91

68.5Ni30Cr1.5Si

90E-06 t

50E-06 t,d

25 to 105

77 to 221

Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy

91

72Ni20Cr3Al5Mn

+/-20E-06 t

+/-11E-06 t,d

-55 to 105

-67 to 221

Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy

91

78.5Ni20Cr1.5Si(80-20)

80E-06 t

44E-06 t,d

25 to 105

77 to 221

Resistance alloy

91

0 to 930

All shapes, used for tape recorder heads

57

Nickel, Magnetically Soft Nickel, Unclassified Magnetically Soft Nickel Carpenter Wear Resistant HyMu 800A 0.0011 t 0.0006 t -17.8 to 499 Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Chromium 71Ni29Fe

0.004300 t

0.002389 t,d

25 to 105

77 to 221

Resistance alloy

91

75Ni20Cr3Al+Cu or Fe

+/-20E-06 t

+/-11E-06 t,d

-55 to 105

-67 to 221

Resistance alloy

91

76Ni17Cr4Si3Mn

+/-20E-06 t

+/-11E-06 t,d

-55 to 105

-67 to 221

Resistance alloy

91

0.0011 t

0.0006 t

-17.8 to 499

0 to 930

All shapes

57

Carpenter HyMu "800"

0.0011 t

0.0006 t

-17.8 to 499

0 to 930

All shapes

57

Carpenter HyRa "80"

0.0011 t

0.0006 t

-20 to 500

0 to 930

All shapes

57

Carpenter Vacumet HyMu "800" Alloy 0.0011 t

0.0006 t

-18 to 500

0 to 930

All shapes

57

0.006000 t

0.003333 t,d

20 to 35

68 to 81

Resistance alloy

91

Noble, Gold, Commercially Pure Gold Au(99.999+) 0.004000 t

0.002222 t,d

0 to 100

32 to 212

Resistance alloy

91

Noble, Platinum, Unclassified Pt(99.99+)

0.003920 t

0.002178 t,d

0 to 100

32 to 212

Resistance alloy

91

Noble, Silver, Unclassified Ag(99.99)

0.004100 t

0.002278 t,d

20

68

Resistance alloy

91

Refractory, Beryllium Be

0.0090 u

0.00500 u,d

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Refractory, Chromium Cr

0.00214 u

0.00119 u,d

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Molybdenum Carpenter HyMu "80" Alloy

Nickel, Nickel, Unclassified Ni(99.8)

Refractory, Cobalt, Commercially Pure Co 0.0066 u

0.00367 u,d

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Co

0.0068 u

0.00378 u,d

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Co

0.101 u,d

0.056 u,d

RT

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

83

0.0044 u

0.00244 u,d

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Refractory, Halfnium Hf

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Higher Resistivity Materials / 145

Table 3.4 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of Higher Resistivity Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

oC -1

Refractory, Molybdenum, Unclassified Mo 0.0044 u

oF -1

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

0.00244 u,d

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

0.003300 t

0.001833 t,d

20

68

Resistance alloy

91

0.00395 u

0.00219 u,t

0 to 600

32 to 1112

Unalloyed

66

0.0026 u

0.00144 u,d

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Refractory, Rhenium Re

0.0045 u

0.00250 u,d

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Refractory, Tantalum Ta

0.0035 u

0.00194 u,d

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

0.003820 t

0.002122 t,d

0 to 100

32 to 212

Resistance alloy

91

0.0048 u

0.00267 u,d

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

0.004500 t

0.002500 t,d

20

68

Resistance alloy

91

Refractory, Vanadium V

0.0039 u

0.00217 u,d

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Refractory, Zirconium Zr

0.0044 u

0.00244 u,d

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Steel, Alloy, Chromium 81Fe15Cr4Al

+/-50E-06 t

+/-28E-06 t,d

25 to 105

77 to 221

Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy

91

0.00126 t

0.0007 t

0 to 100

32 to 212

All shapes

57

Carpenter Temperature Compensator "32" (Type 2, 3, and 4)

0.00126 t

0.0007 t

0 to 100

32 to 212

All shapes

57

Carpenter "49" Alloy (K94840)

0.0036 t

0.002 t

-17.8 to 499

0 to 930

All shapes

57

11E-06 t,d

25 to 105

77 to 221

Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy

91

Mo(99.9) Refractory, Niobium Cabot Columbium Nb

Ta(99.96) Refractory, Tungsten, Unclassified W W(99.9)

Steel, Alloy, Nickel Carpenter Temperature Compensator "32" (Type 1)

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Unclassified 72.5Fe22Cr5.5Al 20E-06 t 73.5Fe22Cr4.55Al

60E-06 t

33E-06 t,d

25 to 105

77 to 221

Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy

91

73Fe22Cr5Al

40E-06 t

22E-06 t,d

25 to 105

77 to 221

Electrical resistance alloy. Resistance alloy

91

Titanium, Titanium, Unclassified Ti

0.0038 u

0.00211 u,d

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Zinc, Miscellaneous Zn

0.0042 u

0.00233 u,t

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

ASM Ready Reference Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Charles Moosbrugger, editor, p146-155 DOI: 10.1361/empm2000p146

Copyright © 2000 ASM International® All rights reserved. www.asminternational.org

Chapter 4

Solders and Fusible Links SOLDERS AND FUSIBLE LINK MATERIALS share the combination of a relatively low melting point along with moderately high conductivity. By definition, soldering is the process of joining metals by heating them to a suitable temperature below the solidus temperature of the base metals with a filler metal having a liquidus temperature below 450 °C (840 °F). When base metals are joined with filler metals with liquidus above 450 °C (840 °F) but below the solidus of the base metals, the process is defined as brazing (Ref 1). Other definitions relevant to these materials are as follows:

• Liquidus: The lowest temperature at which a metal is completely liquid.

• Melting point: For metals, the melting point is the temperature at which a pure metal,

compound, or eutectic alloy changes from a liquid to a solid. Melting range: The range of temperature for alloys other than pure metals, compounds, or eutectic alloys at which they change from a solid to a liquid, thus between the solidus and liquidus temperatures. Solidus: The highest temperature at which the metal is completely solid. In these tables, the solidus, liquidus, and melting points are given as appropriate, along with conductivity and resistivity. When the material is a pure metal, compound, or eutectic alloy, the solidus temperature is equal to the liquidus temperature.

must be given to other circuit elements in proximity to the process that may be susceptible to the temperature rise. A fusible link could be any circuit element designed to melt or vaporize under a specified overcurrent condition with the intent of protecting other circuit elements. This process can be achieved by a reduction in cross-sectional area of the conductor as well as by materials selection. Fusible metal alloys also can be employed in applications such as fire sprinklers.

Conductors and other circuit elements can be joined by soldering, brazing, and other more general welding processes. Due consideration

1. J.R. Davis, ASM Materials Engineering Dictionary, ASM International, 1992, p 48, 431

•

•

REFERENCES

Solders and Fusible Links / 147

Table 4.1 Volume Conductivity of Solders and Fusible LInks Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

4.50 u

20

Notes

Solidus oC oF

Liquidus oC oF

Melting point oC oF Reference

Low Melting, Bismuth Indalloy #117

2.61 u,d

68

Indalloy #136

1.41 u,d

2.43 u

20

68

Indalloy #158

2.32 u,d

4.00 u

20

68

Indalloy #255

2.32 u,d

4.00 u

20

68

Indalloy #281

2.61 u,d

4.50 u

20

68

47 u

117 u

58 u

136 u

70 u

158 u

124 u

255 u

138 u

281 u

60 u

140 u

118 u

244 u

143 u

290 u

60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60

Low Melting, Indium Indalloy #19

1.91 u,d

3.30 u

20

68

Indalloy #1E

6.79 u,d

11.70 u

20

68

Indalloy #2

7.54 u,d

13.00 u

20

68 149 u

Indalloy #204

5.10 u,d

8.80 u

20

4.06 u,d

7.00 u

154 u

309 u

175 u

347 u

181 u

358 u

68 165 u

Indalloy #205

300 u

20

329 u

68 173 u

Indalloy #290

13.34 u,d

23.00 u

20

68

Indalloy #3

12.82 u,d

22.10 u

20

68 143 u

Indalloy #4

13.92 u,d

24.00 u

20

68

Indalloy #7

3.48 u,d

6.00 u

20

68 184 u

343 u

289 u 237 u

459 u

157 u

314 u

210 u

410 u

363 u

60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60

Low melting, Lead, Lead Indium 50Pb50In

3.0 t,d

5.1 t

20

68 RT RT

Indalloy #10

2.67 u,d

4.60 u

20

Solder Solder Solder

180 t

2.61 u,d

4.50 u

20

3.19 u,d

5.50 u

20

3.02 u,d

5.20 u

20

260 u

500 u

275 u

527 u

310 u

590 u

464 u

500 u

68 300 u

Indalloy #206

410 t

68 260 u

Indalloy #164

210 t

68 240 u

Indalloy #150

355 t

572 u

68

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

19 19 19 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60

148 / Electrical Properties

Table 4.1 Volume Conductivity of Solders and Fusible LInks Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Solidus oC oF

Liquidus oC oF

Melting point oC oF Reference

Low melting, Lead, Lead Indium Indalloy #206

197 u

387 u 231 u

60 60

448 u

Low Melting, Lead, Tin Lead 10Sn90Pb Indalloy #151

4.8 u,d 4.99 u,d

8.2 u 8.60 u

20 20

68 68

Solder 287 u

Indalloy #159

5.16 u,d

8.90 u

20

5.10 u,d

8.80 u

20

4.93 u,d

8.50 u

296 u

565 u

302 u

576 u

312 u

594 u

299 u

570 u

527 u

68 308 u

Indalloy #228

549 u

68 275 u

Indalloy #171

21 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60

20

586 u

68 267 u

513 u

Low Melting, Lead, Unclassified Indalloy #165

3.48 u,d

6.00 u

20

68 309 u

588 u

60 60

Low Melting, Mercury Hg

20

68

20

68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

-38.87 u -37.97 u,d

18

-38.87 u -37.97 u,d

93

Low Melting, Tin, Commercially Pure Tin 100Sn0Pb

1.4 t,d

2.4 t

20

68 RT

59 59

300 t

572 t

327 t

621 t

240 u

464 u

255 u

491 u

21 59 60 60 60 60 60 60

369 u

60 60 60

420 u

21 21 59 21

Low Melting, Tin, Tin Antimony 95Sn5Sb 97Sn3Sb Indalloy #133

6.9 u,d

11.9 u

20

68

Solder

RT 6.90 u,d

11.90 u

20

68 235 u

Indalloy #233

3.48 u,d

6.00 u

20

455 u

68 245 u

473 u

Low Melting, Tin, Tin Indium Indalloy #227

5.68 u,d

9.80 u

20

68 175 u

347 u 187 u

Low Melting, Tin, Tin Lead 50Sn50Pb

6.3 u,d

10.9 u

20

68 RT RT RT

Solder Solder Solder

183 u 183 t

360 u 361 t 216 u

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Solders and Fusible Links / 149

Table 4.1 Volume Conductivity of Solders and Fusible LInks Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

11.5 u

20

Notes

Solidus oC oF

Liquidus oC oF

Melting point oC oF Reference

Low Melting, Tin, Tin Lead 50Sn50Pb 60Sn40Pb

RT 6.7 u,d

68 RT RT RT RT

62Sn36Pb2Ag

8.1 t,d

14.0 t

20

68 RT RT RT RT RT

63Sn37Pb

6.7 t,d

11.5 t

20

68 RT RT RT RT RT

95Sn5 Pb 97.5Pb2.5Ag Indalloy #106(Sn63)

1.7 t,d

2.9 t

20

Solder Solder

Solder Solder Solder Solder Solder Solder Solder Solder

183 u 183 t

177 u 180 t

183 t 183 t

11.50 u

7.08 u,d

12.20 u

6.90 u,d

11.90 u

367 t 370 u

221 t 185 t 189 u

430 t 365 t 370 u

183 t 191 t

360 t 376 t

179 t

355 t

183 u

361 u

167 u

333 u

360 t 361 t 183 t

360 t

179 u

354 u

68

20

68

20

361 u

68 154 u

Indalloy #Sn62

186 t 188 u 350 u 355 t

Solder Solder

183 u Indalloy #9

372 t

360 u 361 t

RT 6.67 u,d

189 t

20

309 u

68

59 21 21 59 59 21 19 21 19 59 19 21 19 19 59 19 19 59 59 59 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60

Low melting, Tin, Tin Silver 95Sn5Ag

7.3 t,d

12.6 t

20

68 RT RT RT RT

96.5Sn3.5Ag

8.1 u,d

14 u

20

Solder

68 RT RT RT RT RT

Indalloy #121

9.28 u,d

16.00 u

20

Solder 185 t 221 t

365 t 430 t

Solder Solder Solder Solder

232 t 221 u

243 t 245 t

470 t 475 t

240 t 221 u

464 t 430 u

450 t 430 u

Solder

221 u

430 u

221 u

430 u

68

19 59 19 59 19 21 59 21 21 59 21 60 60

Low Melting, Tin, Tin Zinc 60Sn40Zn

RT RT

250 t

482 t 264 t

508 t

59 59

Low Melting, Tin, Unclassified Sn

9.0 u,d

15.6 u

20

68

Solder

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

21

150 / Electrical Properties

Table 4.1 Volume Conductivity of Solders and Fusible LInks Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

% IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Solidus oC oF

Liquidus oC oF

Melting point oC oF Reference

Low Melting, Tin, Unclassified Sn

RT RT RT

Solder Solder Solder

232 u

450 u 232 u

232 u

450 u

199 u

390 u

450 u

21 21 21

Low Melting, Tin, Zinc Indalloy #201

8.70 u,d

15.00 u

20

68

60 60

Noble, Gold, Solder 80Au20Sn

2.8 t,d

4.8 t

20

68 RT RT RT

88Au12Ge

3.5 t,d

6.0 t

20

68 RT RT RT

Solder Solder Solder Solder Solder Solder Solder Solder

280 t

356 t

535 t 280 t

535 t

356 t

675 t

280 t

535 t

356 t

675 t

675 t

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19

Solders and Fusible Links / 151

Table 4.2 Volume Resistivity of Solders and Fusible LInks Alloy-temper (UNS number) µ Ω

.m

Ω circular-mil/ft

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Solidus oC oF

Liquidus oC oF

Melting point oC oF Reference

Low Melting, Bismuth Bi

1.190 u

715.82 u,d

20

68

1.15 u

691.76 u,d

25

77

1.17 u

703.79 u,d

20

68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

Indalloy #117 Indalloy #136 Indalloy #158 Indalloy #255 Indalloy #281

47 u 58 u 70 u 124 u 138 u

117 u 136 u 158 u 255 u 281 u

60 60 60 60 60

Low Melting, Cadmium Cd

0.0660 u

39.70 u,d

25

77

0.0757 u

45.54 u,d

20

68

0.0730 u

43.91 u,d

20

68

0.2104 u

126.56 u,d

27

80.6

0.2100 u

126.32 u,d

25

77

0.2000 u

120.31 u,d

20

68

0.1365 u

82.11 u,d

25

77

0.1370 u

82.41 u,d

20

68

0.0880 u

52.93 u,d

20

68

0.0800 u

48.12 u,d

25

77

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

Low Melting, Cesium Cs

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

18 18

Low Melting, Gallium Ga

18

Low Melting, Indium In

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18

Indalloy #19 Indalloy #1E Indalloy #2

149 u 300 u

Indalloy #204

165 u 329 u

Indalloy #205

173 u 343 u

Indalloy #290 Indalloy #3 Indalloy #4 Indalloy #7

154 u

309 u

175 u

347 u

181 u

358 u

60 u 118 u

140 u 244 u

143 u

290 u

143 u 289 u 237 u 157 u

459 u 314 u

210 u

410 u

184 u 363 u

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60

152 / Electrical Properties

Table 4.2 Volume Resistivity of Solders and Fusible LInks Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Ω circular-mil/ft

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Solidus oC oF

Liquidus oC oF

Melting point oC oF Reference

Low melting, Lead, Lead Indium 50Pb50In

RT RT

Solder Solder

180 t 355 t

Indalloy #10

240 u 464 u

Indalloy #150

260 u 500 u

Indalloy #164

300 u 572 u

Indalloy #206

197 u 387 u

210 t

410 t

260 u

500 u

275 u

527 u

310 u

590 u

231 u

448 u

296 u

565 u

302 u

576 u

312 u

594 u

299 u

570 u

19 19 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60

Low Melting, Lead, Tin Lead Indalloy #151

60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60

287 u 549 u

Indalloy #159

275 u 527 u

Indalloy #171

308 u 586 u

Indalloy #228

267 u 513 u

Low Melting, Lead, Unclassified Indalloy #165 Pb

309 u 0.211 u

126.92 u,d

25

77

0.193 u

116.10 u,d

25

77

0.206 u

123.92 u,d

20

68

0.213 u

128.13 u,d

27

80.6

0.0929 u

55.88 u,d

20

68

0.0955 u

57.45 u,d

25

77

0.0955 u

57.45 u,d

27

80.6

0.958 u

576.3 u,d

20

68

0.959 u

576.9 u,d

20

68

20

68

20

68

588 u

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

60 18 18 18 18

Low Melting, Lithium Li

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

Low Melting, Mercury Hg

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

93 18 -38.87 u -37.97 u,d

18

-38.87 u -37.97 u,d

93

Low Melting, Rubidium Rb

0.1210 u

72.79 u,d

20

68

0.1332 u

80.12 u,d

27

80.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

18 18

Solders and Fusible Links / 153

Table 4.2 Volume Resistivity of Solders and Fusible LInks Alloy-temper (UNS number) µ Ω

.m

Ω circular-mil/ft

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Solidus oC oF

Liquidus oC oF

Melting point oC oF Reference

Low Melting, Rubidium Rb

0.1330 u

80.00 u,d

25

77

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Low Melting, Tin, Commercially Pure Tin 100Sn0Pb

RT

300 t

572 t

59

327 t

621 t

240 u

464 u

255 u

491 u

59 60 60 60 60

187 u

369 u

60 60

Low Melting, Tin, Tin Antimony 97Sn3Sb Indalloy #133

RT 235 u 455 u

Indalloy #233

245 u 473 u

Low Melting, Tin, Tin Indium Indalloy #227

175 u 347 u

Low Melting, Tin, Tin Lead 50Sn50Pb

60Sn40Pb

62Sn36Pb2Ag

63Sn37Pb

97.5Pb2.5Ag Indalloy #106(Sn63)

RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT

Solder Solder

Solder Solder Solder Solder Solder Solder

Solder Solder Solder

183 t 361 t 183 u 360 u 216 u 189 t

420 u 372 t

188 u 186 t

370 u 367 t

189 u 185 t 221 t

370 u 365 t 430 t

183 t 191 t 179 t

360 t 376 t 355 t

183 u

361 u

167 u

333 u

183 t 361 t 183 u 360 u

177 u 350 u 180 t 355 t

183 t 361 t 183 t 360 t 183 t

360 t

179 u

354 u

183 u 361 u

Indalloy #9

154 u 309 u

Indalloy #Sn62

59 21 21 59 59 21 21 59 21 19 21 19 59 59 19 19 19 59 59 60 60 60 60 60

Low melting, Tin, Tin Silver 95Sn5Ag

96.5Sn3.5Ag

RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT

Solder

221 t 430 t 185 t 365 t

Solder Solder Solder

243 t 245 t

470 t 475 t

240 t

464 t

232 t 450 t 221 u 430 u 221 u

430 u

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

19 59 59 19 59 21 21 59

154 / Electrical Properties

Table 4.2 Volume Resistivity of Solders and Fusible LInks Alloy-temper (UNS number) µ Ω

.m

Ω circular-mil/ft

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Solidus oC oF

Liquidus oC oF

Melting point oC oF Reference

Low melting, Tin, Tin Silver 96.5Sn3.5Ag Indalloy #121

RT

221 u

Solder

430 u 221 u

430 u

21 60

Low Melting, Tin, Tin Zinc 60Sn40Zn

RT RT

59 59

250 t 482 t 264 t

508 t

Low Melting, Tin, Unclassified Sn

0.126 u

75.79 u,d

20

68

0.1010 u

60.75 u,d

25

77

0.1260 u

75.79 u,d

20

68 RT RT RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Solder 232 u 450 u Solder 232 u Solder

18 18 18

232 u

450 u

21 21 21

199 u

390 u

60

280 t

535 t

356 t

675 t

450 u

Low Melting, Tin, Zinc Indalloy #201 Noble, Gold, Solder 80Au20Sn

88Au12Ge

RT RT RT RT RT RT

Solder Solder Solder Solder Solder Solder

280 t 535 t 280 t

535 t

356 t 675 t 356 t

675 t

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

19 19 19 19 19 19

Solders and Fusible Links / 155

Table 4.3 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of Solders and Fusible Links Alloy-temper (UNS number)

oC -1

oF -1

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Low Melting, Bismuth Bi

0.0046 u

0.00256

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Low Melting, Cadmium Cd

0.0043 u

0.00239

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Low Melting, Cesium Cs

0.0048 u

0.00267

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Low Melting, Indium In

0.0052 u

0.00289

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Low Melting, Lead, Unclassified Pb

0.0042 u

0.00233

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Low Melting, Lithium Li

0.00435 u

0.00242

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Low Melting, Rubidium Rb

0.0048 u

0.00267

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Low Melting, Tin, Unclassified Sn

0.0046 u

0.00256

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

ASM Ready Reference Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Charles Moosbrugger, editor, p156-178 DOI: 10.1361/empm2000p156

Copyright © 2000 ASM International® All rights reserved. www.asminternational.org

Chapter 5

Contact Materials ELECTRICAL CONTACTS complete and disconnect electrical circuits, or they may allow for completion of an electrical circuit between moving parts. The first are called make-orbreak contacts, and the latter are sliding contacts. The materials that make up the contact may be wrought, cast, powdered metals, composites, plated metals, or films. These materials are exposed to a variety of stresses depending on the nature of the circuit. Not only is the magnitude of the voltage and current a consideration, but the nature of circuit, such as whether it is ac or dc, inductive, capacitive, or resistive, must be taken into account. Absence of any load, very low voltages, and a low-duty cycle are factors as much as large loads and high-duty cycles. Primarily, the same electrical properties that are desirable in an electrical conductor (i.e., low electrical resistivity and good thermal conduction) are desired in contacts. On a microscopic level, the electrical contact is made between a few high points on the surface of the adjoining parts. The current densities are high, so the lesser the ohmic heat (I2R) generated is and the greater the heat conduction away from these points is, the better for the life and performance of the contact. Increased contact pressure improves the electrical contact by increasing contact area and decreasing surface coatings and contaminates. Materials selection must be a compromise between optimizing the electrical performance and satisfying the other severe stresses present. The high temperatures of an electrical usually require high-melting-point materials (mercury being the exception). Good mechanical strength, especially at elevated temperatures, is required to avoid permanent deformations and

to maintain contact pressures. Chemically nonreactive materials are necessary to withstand the effects of the electrical arcing and to resist oxidation that would form a high-resistance coating. The groups of materials commonly used for make-or-break contacts and connectors are the copper contact alloys, hard contacts (tungsten and molybdenum), noncorroding contacts (noble metals), and miscellaneous contacts such as graphite, composites, and mercury. Copper contact alloys are widely available, economical, good for machining and other manufacturing processes, and have good electrical and thermal conductivity. Copper is often silver or nickel plated when oxidation poses a problem. The hard contacts have the desirable characteristics of high melting and boiling points that resist material loss due to arcing, and the mechanical properties to resist wear. The noble metals are used because of their high conductivity and resistance to oxidation. Because of cost, their desirable features can be utilized in the form of plating and other depositions on less expensive base metals. Silver has the highest conductivity of all metals. Silver alloys have combinations of properties that make them desirable as contacts. Silver itself should not be used for very low voltage contacts (less than 10 volts dc) because the silver oxide resistance is then detrimental. Gold is most resistant to oxidation and most other chemicals. It is alloyed to enhance other properties. Platinum and palladium combine chemical resistance with good high-temperature characteristics. The properties of the composite contacts are dependent on the method of manufacture,

listed in the notes with the following abbreviations:

• • • • • • •

PSR, press-sinter-re-press INF, press-sinter-infiltrate PS, press-sinter PSE, press-sinter-extrude IO, internal oxidation PPSE, preoxidize-press-sinter-extrude SF, oxidized from one direction

Sliding contacts require low friction and reasonable wear characteristics. In motors and generators, the contact is composed of a conductive slip ring of a material such as brass, and the sliding brushes are composed of metal-graphite. Most brushes are copper based, but silver, tungsten, molydenum, platinum, palladium, and gold are used (Ref 1). Connectors are contacts that are designed to make and break the circuit under no-load conditions. Materials for spring-type connectors require electrical properties and wear properties as do sliding contacts. Bolted connectors can be made of the parent conductor and improved for corrosion resistance with plating. Silver is used on copper, and aluminum uses a combination of copper and silver or tin. Wire and cable connectors must have selected yield strength to allow for crimping, but not relax. REFERENCES 1. Y.-S. Shen, P. Lattari, J. Gardner, and H. Wiegard, Electrical Contact Materials, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, Vol 2, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 1990

Contact Materials / 157

Table 5.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Contact Materials Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

%IACS

Temperature oC oF

Copper, Cast, Aluminum Bronze Elkaloy D Elkaloy D110 Elkaloy D120 Elkaloy D130 C95400-TQ50 (C95400)

10 t,d 7 t,d 6 t,d 5 t,d 5.8 u,d

18 t 12 t 10 t 9t 10 u

20 20 20 20

Copper, Cast, High Copper CMW 73

12 t,d

20 t

20

Copper, Cast, Unclassified CMW 3

46 t,d

80 t

20

Copper, Miscellaneous, Copper-Graphite Copper-graphite 30-70 0.063 u,d Copper-graphite 30-70 1.2 u,d Copper-graphite 36-64 1.7 u,d Copper-graphite 40-60 2.3 u,d Copper-graphite 40-60 1.5 u,d Copper-graphite 50-50 0.48 u,d Copper-graphite 50-50 3.5 u,d Copper-graphite 50-50 0.42 u,d Copper-graphite 62-38 1.7 u,d Copper-graphite 65-35 1.7 u,d Copper-graphite 75-25 0.30 u,d Copper-graphite 92-8 23.8 u,d Copper-graphite 95-5 19.7 u,d Copper-graphite 96-4 24.4 u,d Copper, Wrought, Beryllium Copper 2Be + Ni or Co CMW 100 CMW 73 Olin 172-Heat treated (C17200) Olin 172-Mill hardened (C17200) Olin 172-Precipitation hardened (C17200) Olin 175-Precipitation hardened (C17500) Olin 17510-Precipitation hardened (C17510) Olin 17510-TF00 (C17510) Olin 17510-TH04 (C17510)

Reference

68 68 68 68 Casting

58 58 58 58 92

68

Cu-Be

58

68

Cu-Cr

58

Brush contact, 2.60 g/cm**3 Brush contact, 2.50 g/cm**3 Brush contact Brush contact, 2.75 g/cm**3 Brush contact, 2.75 g/cm**3 Brush contact, 3.18 g/cm**3 Brush contact, 2.97 g/cm**3 Brush contact, 3.09 g/cm**3 Brush contact Brush contact Brush contact Brush contact Brush contact Brush contact

92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92

Contact material

RT

0.11 u 2u 3u 4u 2.5 u 0.83 u 6u 0.73 u 3u 3u 0.51 u 41 u 34 u 42 u

Notes

RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT

9.9 to 12.2 u,d 28 t,d 13 t,d 12.8 min,d 9.9 min,d 9.9 to 17.4 u,d

17 to 21 u 48 t 23 t 22 min 17 min 17 to 30 u

20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68

Cu-Be Contact bridges, bolts, screws Contact bridges, bolts, screws Contact bridges, bolts, screws

65 58 58 66 66 66

26.1 to 34.8 u,d

45 to 60 u

20

68

Fuse clips, springs, switches, connectors

66

26.1 to 34.8 u,d

45 to 60 u

20

68

Fuse clips, switch parts, electrical connectors

66

26.1 min,d 27.8 min,d

45 min 48 min

20 20

68 68

Fuse clips, switch parts, electrical connectors Fuse clips, switch parts, electrical connectors

66 66

Copper, Wrought, Bronze Bronze (5% Sn)

8.7 u,d

15 u

20

68

Copper, Wrought, Copper Nickel Dickalloy-Precipitation hardened ASTM B422 C70250-TM00 (C70250) ASTM B422 C70250-TM02 (C70250) ASTM B422 C70250-TM03 (C70250) ASTM B422 C70250-TR02 (C70250)

11.6 to 14.5 u,d 23 fio 23 fio 20 fio 23 fio

20 to 25 u 40 fio 40 fio 35 fio 40 fio

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

12

Strip for electronic switches Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip Sheet and strip

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

66 44 44 44 44

158 / Electrical Properties

Table 5.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Contact Materials Alloy-temper (UNS number) Copper, Wrought, Copper Nickel C70250 (C70250) C70250 (C70250) C70250 (C70250) C72650 (C72650) C72650 (C72650) C72700-Spinodal mill hardened (C72700) C72900-Spinodal as rolled (C72900) C72900-Spinodal mill hardened (C72900) C72900-Spinodal mill hardened (C72900) C72900-Spinodal-hardened (C72900) C72900-Spinodal-hardened (C72900)

10

6

S/m

%IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

23 min,d 20.3 t,d 23 min,d 8.1 to 8.7 u,d 8.1 to 8.7 u,d 5.8 to 9.3 u,d

40 min 35 t 40 min 14 to 15 u 14 to 15 u 10 to 16 u

20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68

4.5 t,d 4.5 t,d

7.8 t 7.8 t

20 20

68 68

59 59

4.5 t,d

7.8 t

20

68

89

4.5 t,d 4.5 u,d

7.8 t 7.8 u

20 20

68 68

59 17

Copper, Wrought, Copper Zinc 15Zn 20Zn 35Zn 35Zn

21.5 u,d 18.6 u,d 15.7 u,d 15.7 u,d

37 u 32 u 27 u 27 u

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

Contact material Contact material Contact material Contact material

65 65 12 65

Copper, Wrought, Phosphor Bronze 1.25Sn + P 5Sn + P 8Sn + P WRM 5058 (C50580)

28 u,d 10.4 u,d 7.5 u,d 23.8 u,d

48 u 18 u 13 u 41 u

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

Contact material Contact material Contact material Lead frames, contact springs, fuse clips

65 65 65 66

Copper, Wrought, Tin Brass Olin C663

14.5 u,d

25 u

20

68

Connectors, dispersion/solution strengthened

66

Copper, Wrought, Unclassified 0.04 oxide CMW 3

58.0 u,d 49 t,d

100 u 85 t

20 20

68 68

Contact material Cu-Cr, forging minor dim <= 19 mm (0.75 in.)

65 58

Noble, Gold, Commercially Pure Gold CMW Pure Gold 42 t,d

73 t

20

68

58

Noble, Gold, Electrical Contact 41.7Au32.5Cu18.8Ni7Zn 69Au25Ag6Pt 69Au25Ag6Pt 71.5Au14.5Cu8.5Pt4Ag1Zn 71Au5Ag9Pt15Cu 72.5Au14Cu8.5Pt4Ag1Zn 72Au26.2Ag1.8Ni 75Au25Ag 75Au25Ag 90Au10Cu 90Au10Cu 99Au CMW Elkonium 70 CMW Elkonium 72

4.5 u 10 u 11 u 11 u 8u 10 u 14 u 16 u 17 u 16 u 16 u 74 u 14 t 11 t

20

68

65 92 65 92 92 65 92 65 92 65 92 92 58 58

2.6 u,d 5.8 u,d 6.4 u,d 6.4 u,d 4.6 u,d 6 u,d 8.1 u,d 9.3 u,d 9.9 u,d 9.3 u,d 9.3 u,d 42.9 u,d 8 t,d 6 t,d

Connector Connector Lead frame alloy Electrical contact springs Electrical contact springs Electrical contact springs

RT 20

68 RT RT

20

Electrical contact Electrical contact 68

RT 20

Electrical contact 68

RT 20

68 RT RT

20 20

Electrical contact 68 68

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

89 59 20 89 66 89

Contact Materials / 159

Table 5.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Contact Materials Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

%IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Noble, Gold, Electrical Contact CMW Elkonium 76 Gold

8 t,d 44 u,d

14 t 75 u

20 20

68 68

58 65

Noble, Palladium, Electrical Contact 35Pd30Ag14Cu10Pt10Au1Zn 45Pd30Ag20Au5Pt 50Pd50Ag 60Pd40Ag 60Pd40Cu 60Pd40Cu 70Pd30Ag 72Pd26Ag2Ni 90Pd10Ru 95.5Pd4.5 CMW Elkonium 40 CMW Elkonium 405 CMW Elkonium 42

2.9 u,d 2.6 u,d 3.2 u,d 2.3 u,d 0.70 u,d 2.9 u,d 2.5 u,d 2.3 u,d 3.8 u,d 4.1 u,d 9 t,d 3 t,d 2 t,d

5u 4.5 u 5.5 u 4.0 u 1.2 u 5u 4.3 u 4u 6.5 u 7u 16 t 6t 4t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 58 58 58

Noble, Palladium, Unclassified Pd

9.3 u,d

16 u

20

68

Noble, Platinum, Commercially Pure CMW Elkonium 30 9 t,d

15 t

20

68

58

Noble, Platinum, Electrical Contact 65Pt35Ir 70Pt30Ir 75Pt25Ir 80Pt20Ir 86Pt14Ru 89Pt11Ru 90Pt10Ir 90Pt10Ru 95Pt5Ir 95Pt5Ru 96Pt4W CMW Elkonium 301 CMW Elkonium 302 CMW Elkonium 305 CMW Elkonium 306 CMW Elkonium 32 CMW Elkonium 33 CMW Elkonium 331 CMW Elkonium 34

2.9 u,d 2.9 u,d 3.2 u,d 3.2 u,d 2.0 u,d 2.3 u,d 4.1 u,d 2.3 u,d 5.2 u,d 3.2 u,d 2.9 u,d 3 t,d 2 t,d 3 t,d 2 t,d 3 t,d 2 t,d 2 t,d 2 t,d

5u 5u 5.5 u 5.6 u 3.5 u 4u 7u 4u 9u 5.5 u 5u 6t 4t 5t 4t 5t 4t 4t 4t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58

Noble, Platinum, Unclassified Pt Pt

9.3 u,d 9.3 u,d

16 u 16 u

20 20

68 68

Noble, Silver, Commercially Pure CMW Fine Silver

60 t,d

104 t

20

68

Pure metal, R depends on purity

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

65

65 65

58

160 / Electrical Properties

Table 5.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Contact Materials Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

%IACS

Temperature oC oF

Noble, Silver, Commercially Pure Fine silver

61.5 u,d

106 u

Noble, Silver, Electrical Contact 60Ag23Pd12Cu5Ni 75Ag24.5Cu0.5Ni 77Ag22.6Cd0.4Ni 86.8Ag5.5Cd0.2Ni7.5Cu 99.47Ag0.18Mg0.2Ni0.15Cu 99.55Ag0.25Mg0.2Ni 99Ag1Pd Ag(99.9) AgNiCon 2 AgNiCon 3 AgNiCon 4 AgNiCon 6 AgNiCon 8 CMW D1058 CMW D158F CMW D57F CMW D58 CMW D581F CMW D582F CMW D583F Silver-graphite 50-50 Silver-graphite 75-20 Silver-graphite 85-3 Silver-graphite 90-10

6.4 u,d 43.5 u,d 18.0 u,d 24.9 u,d 43.5 u,d 40.6 u,d 45.8 u,d 60.3 u,d 51 u,d 48 u,d 45 u,d 41 u,d 36.8 u,d 20 t,d 57 t,d 52 t,d 32 t,d 59 t,d 60 t,d 58 t,d 1.2 u,d 7.0 u,d 26.1 u,d 24.4 u,d

11 u 75 u 31 u 43 u 75 u 70 u 79 u 104 u 88 u 83 u 78 u 70 u 63.5 u 35 t 99 t 90 t 55 t 102 t 103 t 100 t 2u 12 u 45 u 42 u

Noble, Silver, Silver Cadmium 85Ag15Cd 85Ag15Cd CMW D154F CMW D154X CMW D155F CMW D155X CMW D355F CMW D54 CMW D54F CMW D54X CMW D55 CMW D55F CMW D55X CMW Elkonium 17 CMW Elkonium 18 CMW Elkonium 217

20.3 u,d 20.3 u,d 44 t,d 42 t,d 41 t,d 39 t,d 39 t,d 44 t,d 48 t,d 44 t,d 32 t,d 42 t,d 41 t,d 18 t,d 25 t,d 20 t,d

35 u 35 u 75 t 73 t 70 t 68 t 68 t 75 t 82 t 75 t 55 t 72 t 70 t 31 t 43 t 35 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

60 u

20

68

Noble, Silver, Silver Cadmium Oxide Composite 75Ag-25CdO 34.8 u,d

20

68

RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

Notes

Reference

Contact material

Electrical contact

Electrical contact Electrical contact Electrical contact 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

RT RT RT RT

P/M P/M P/M P/M P/M

Brush contact Brush contact Brush contact Brush contact

68 RT

65

92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 66 66 66 66 66 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 92 92 92 92

Contact material Contact material

65 92 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58

PPSE, aircraft circuit breakers, aircraft relays, truck controls, contactors, circuit breakers, governor relays

92

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Contact Materials / 161

Table 5.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Contact Materials Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

Noble, Silver, Silver Cadmium Oxide Composite 80Ag-20CdO 39.4 u,d

%IACS

Temperature oC oF

68 u

20

68

83Ag-17CdO

40.6 u,d

70 u

20

68

83Ag-17CdO

36.0 u,d

62 u

20

68

85Ag-15CdO

31.9 to 43.5 u,d

55 to 75 u

20

68

85Ag-15CdO 85Ag-15CdO

37.7 u,d 31.9 to 43.5 u,d

65 u 55 to 75 u

20 20

68 68

85Ag-15CdO 86.5Ag-13.5CdO

41.8 u,d 43.5 u,d

72 u 75 u

20 20

68 68

86.7Ag-13.3CdO

39.4 u,d

68 u

20

68

87Ag-13CdO

24.9 u,d

43 u

20

68

88Ag-12CdO

47.0 u,d

81 u

20

68

90Ag-10CdO

43.5 u,d

75 u

20

68

90Ag-10CdO

47.6 u,d

82 u

20

68

90Ag-10CdO

41.8 to 49.3 u,d

72 to 85 u

20

68

90Ag-10CdO

48.7 to 50.5 u,d

84 to 87 u

20

68

95Ag-5CdO

46.4 u,d

80 u

20

68

Notes

Reference

PPSE, aircraft circuit breakers, aircraft relays, truck controls, contactors, circuit breakers, governor relays PPSE, aircraft circuit breakers, aircraft relays, truck controls, contactors, circuit breakers, governor relays IO, aircraft circuit breakers, aircraft relays, truck controls, contactors, circuit breakers, governor relays PSE, aircraft circuit breakers, aircraft relays, automotive relays, truck controls, snap switches, contactors, motor controllers, circuit breakers, governor relays IO, pressure and temperature controls PSR, aircraft circuit breakers, aircraft relays, automotive relays, truck controls, snap switches, contactors, motor controllers, circuit breakers, governor relays PPSE, pressure and temperature controls PPSE, aircraft circuit breakers, aircraft relays, automotive relays, truck controls, snap switches, contactors, motor controllers, circuit breakers, governor relays IO, aircraft circuit breakers, aircraft relays, automotive relays, truck controls, snap switches, contactors, motor controllers, circuit breakers, governor relays Aircraft circuit breakers, aircraft relays, automotive relays, truck controls, snap switches, contactors, motor controllers, circuit breakers, governor relays PSE, aircraft circuit breakers, aircraft relays, automotive relays, truck controls, snap switches, contactors, motor controllers, circuit breakers, governor relays IO, aircraft circuit breakers, aircraft relays, automotive relays, truck controls, snap switches, contactors, motor controllers, circuit breakers, governor relays PPSE, aircraft circuit breakers, aircraft relays, automotive relays, truck controls, snap switches, contactors, motor controllers, circuit breakers, governor relays PSR, aircraft circuit breakers, aircraft relays, automotive relays, truck controls, snap switches, contactors, motor controllers, circuit breakers, governor relays PSE, aircraft circuit breakers, aircraft relays, automotive relays, truck controls, snap switches, contactors, motor controllers, circuit breakers, governor relays IO, aircraft circuit breakers, aircraft relays, automotive relays, truck controls, snap switches, contactors, motor controllers, circuit breakers, governor relays

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

92

92

92

92

92 92

92 92

92

92

92

92

92

92

92

92

162 / Electrical Properties

Table 5.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Contact Materials Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

Noble, Silver, Silver Cadmium Oxide Composite 95Ag-5CdO 46.4 to 52.2 u,d

%IACS

Temperature oC oF

80 to 90 u

20

68

Notes

Reference

PSR, aircraft circuit breakers, aircraft relays, automotive relays, truck controls, snap switches, contactors, motor controllers, circuit breakers, governor relays PSE, aircraft circuit breakers, aircraft relays, automotive relays, truck controls, snap switches, contactors, motor controllers, circuit breakers, governor relays PPSE, aircraft circuit breakers, aircraft relays, automotive relays, truck controls, snap switches, contactors, motor controllers, circuit breakers, governor relays PSE, aircraft circuit breakers, aircraft relays, automotive relays, truck controls, snap switches, contactors, motor controllers, circuit breakers, governor relays PSR, aircraft circuit breakers, aircraft relays, automotive relays, truck controls, snap switches, contactors, motor controllers, circuit breakers, governor relays

92

95Ag-5CdO

53.4 u,d

92 u

20

68

95Ag-5CdO

49.3 u,d

85 u

20

68

97.5Ag-2.5CdO

55.1 u,d

95 u

20

68

97.5Ag-2.5CdO

49.3 u,d

85 u

20

68

Noble, Silver, Silver Complex Composite 25Ag-50Fe-25Cu -PSR 12.2 u,d 88Ag-10Ni-2C 40.6 u,d

21 u 70 u

20 20

68 68

PSR, circuit breakers PSR, sliding contacts

92 92

Noble, Silver, Silver Copper 72Ag26Cu2Ni 72Ag28Cu 72Ag28Cu 90Ag10Cu 90Ag10Cu 92.5Ag7.5Cu 92.5Ag7.5Cu CMW Coin Silver CMW Elkonium 1 CMW Elkonium 22 CMW Elkonium 23 CMW Elkonium 73

35 u,d 48.7 u,d 50 u,d 49.3 u,d 49 u,d 51.0 u,d 49 u,d 48 t,d 44 t,d 49 t,d 56 t,d 52 t,d

60 u 84 u 87 u 85 u 85 u 88 u 85 u 83 t 75 t 84 t 97 t 90 t

20

68

Contact material Contact material Contact material Contact material Contact material Contact material Contact material

65 92 65 92 65 92 65 58 58 58 58 58

Noble, Silver, Silver Gold 90Ag10Au 90Ag10Au CMW Elkonium 71

23.2 u,d 23.0 u,d 23 t,d

40 u 40 u 40 t

20 20

68 68

Contact material Contact material

92 65 58

43 to 53 u 50 to 57 u

20 20

68 68

PSR, electrical brush PSR, mate with other contact materials in circuit breakers PSR, mate with other contact materials in circuit breakers PSE, mate with other contact materials in circuit breakers PSE, mate with other contact materials in circuit breakers

92 92

Noble, Silver, Silver Graphite Composite 90Ag10C 24.9 to 30.7 u,d 93Ag7C 29.0 to 33.1 u,d

RT 20

68 RT

20

68 RT

20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68

RT

95Ag5C

31.9 to 36.0 u,d

55 to 62 u

20

68

95Ag5C

43.5 u,d

75 u

20

68

96Ag4C

45.8 u,d

79 u

20

68

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

92

92

92

92

92 92 92

Contact Materials / 163

Table 5.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Contact Materials Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

Noble, Silver, Silver Graphite Composite 97Ag3C 31.9 to 36.0 u,d

Temperature oC oF

%IACS

55 to 62 u

20

68

Notes

Reference

PSR, mate with other contact materials in circuit breakers PSE, mate with other contact materials in circuit breakers PSR, mate with other contact materials in circuit breakers PSR, mate with other contact materials in circuit breakers PSR, automotive regulators, low voltage makebreak contacts, sliding contacts PSR, automotive regulators, low voltage makebreak contacts, sliding contacts PSR, automotive regulators, low voltage makebreak contacts, sliding contacts PSR, automotive regulators, low voltage makebreak contacts, sliding contacts

92

97Ag3C

49.9 u,d

86 u

20

68

98.5Ag1.5C

56.3 u,d

97 u

20

68

98Ag2C

47.6 to 52.2 u,d

82 to 90 u

20

68

99.25Ag0.75C

52.2 to 58.0 u,d

90 to 100 u

20

68

99.5Ag0.5C

53.4 to 59.2 u,d

92 to 102 u

20

68

99.75Ag0.25C

55.1 to 59.7 u,d

95 to 103 u

20

68

99Ag1C

50.5 to 57.4 u,d

87 to 99 u

20

68

50.5 to 53.4 u,d

87 to 92 u

20

68

PSR, wall switches, thermostat controls

92

27 to 30 28 to 31 28 to 32 31 to 34 35 to 45 40 to 45

u u u u u u

20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68

INF, semiconducting material INF, arcing contacts, heavy duty INF, arcing contacts, heavy duty INF, air circuit breakers, low-erosion arcing tips INF, air circuit breakers, low-erosion arcing tips INF, aircraft switches, breaker arcing tips, electric razors, air/oil-circuit breakers INF, aircraft switches, breaker arcing tips, electric razors, air/oil-circuit breakers PSR, aircraft switches, breaker arcing tips, electric razors, air/oil-circuit breakers INF, air/oil-circuit breakers, arcing tips, traffic signal relays, home circuit breakers INF, air/oil-circuit breakers, arcing tips, traffic signal relays, home circuit breakers PSR, air/oil-circuit breakers, arcing tips, traffic signal relays, home circuit breakers PSR, automatic circuit protectors, starting switches PSR, automatic circuit protectors, starting switches PSR, light/medium duty, automotive circuit breakers PSR, light/medium duty, automotive circuit breakers PSR, light/medium duty, automotive circuit breakers PSR, air conditioner control

92 92 92 92 92 92

Noble, Silver, Silver Iron Composite 90Ag10Fe

Noble, Silver, Silver Molybdenum Composite 10Ag90Mo 15.7 to 17.4 u,d 15Ag85Mo 16.2 to 18.0 u,d 20Ag80Mo 16.2 to 18.6 u,d 25Ag75Mo 18.0 to 19.7 u,d 30Ag70Mo 20.3 to 26.1 u,d 35Ag65Mo 23.2 to 26.1 u,d 40Ag60Mo

24.4 to 28.4 u,d

42 to 49 u

20

68

40Ag60Mo

26.1 u,d

45 u

20

68

45Ag55Mo

25.5 to 33.6 u,d

44 to 58 u

20

68

50Ag50Mo

26.1 to 30.2 u,d

45 to 52 u

20

68

50Ag50Mo

29.0 u,d

50 u

20

68

60Ag40Mo

31.9 to 36.0 u,d

55 to 62 u

20

68

65Ag35Mo

31.9 to 37.1 u,d

55 to 64 u

20

68

70Ag30Mo

32.5 to 34.8 u,d

56 to 60 u

20

68

75Ag25Mo

33.6 to 35.4 u,d

58 to 61 u

20

68

80Ag20Mo

34.2 to 36.0 u,d

59 to 62 u

20

68

90Ag10Mo

37.7 to 39.4 u,d

65 to 68 u

20

68

39 t,d 55 t,d 46 t,d 50 t,d

67 t 95 t 80 t 87 t

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

Noble, Silver, Silver Nickel CMW D50 CMW D505F CMW D50F CMW D510F

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

92 92 92 92 92 92 92

92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92

58 58 58 58

164 / Electrical Properties

Table 5.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Contact Materials Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

Temperature oC oF

%IACS

Notes

Reference

Noble, Silver, Silver Nickel CMW D56

32 t,d

55 t

20

68

Noble, Silver, Silver Nickel Composite 20Ag80Ni 25Ag75Ni 30Ag70Ni 35Ag65Ni 40Ag60Ni 40Ag60Ni 45Ag55Ni 50Ag50Ni 55Ag45Ni 60Ag40Ni 60Ag40Ni 65Ag35Ni 70Ag30Ni 75Ag25Ni 80Ag20Ni 85Ag15Ni 90Ag10Ni 95Ag5Ni 99.7Ag0.3Ni

12.2 u,d 13.9 u,d 15.7 u,d 17.4 u,d 23.2 u,d 18.6 u,d 20.3 u,d 22.0 u,d 23.8 u,d 34.8 u,d 25.5 to 27.3 u,d 28.4 u,d 31.9 to 32.5 u,d 34.2 u,d 36.5 to 43.5 u,d 38.3 to 46.4 u,d 43.5 to 52.2 u,d 46.4 to 55.1 u,d 58.0 u,d

21 u 24 u 27 u 30 u 40 u 32 u 35 u 38 u 41 u 60 u 44 to 47 49 u 55 to 56 59 u 63 to 75 66 to 80 75 to 90 80 to 95 100 u

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

PSR, transformer protectors, contactors, relays PSR, transformer protectors, contactors, relays PSR, transformer protectors, contactors, relays PSR, transformer protectors, contactors, relays PSE, transformer protectors, contactors, relays PSR, circuit breakers PSR, circuit breakers PSR, circuit breakers PSR, circuit breakers, disconnect switches PSE, circuit breakers, disconnect switches PSR, circuit breakers, disconnect switches PSR, circuit breakers, disconnect switches PSR, circuit breakers, disconnect switches PSR, circuit breakers, disconnect switches PSR, circuit breakers, disconnect switches PSR, circuit breakers PSR, low rating line starters PSR, appliance switches

92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92

Noble, Silver, Silver Palladium 60Ag40Pd 70Ag30Pd 90Ag10Pd 90Ag10Pd 97Ag3Pd 97Ag3Pd CMW Elkonium 45 CMW Elkonium 46

4.6 u,d 7.0 u,d 15.7 u,d 17.4 u,d 35 u,d 33.6 u,d 34 t,d 46 t,d

8u 12 u 27 u 30 u 60 u 58 u 58 t 79 t

20 20

68 68

Contact material Contact material Contact material Contact material Contact material Contact material

65 65 92 65 65 92 58 58

Noble, Silver, Silver Platinum 97Ag3Pt 97Ag3Pt CMW Elkonium 36

29 u,d 26.1 u,d 26 t,d

50 u 45 u 45 t

20

Contact material Contact material

20

68

65 92 58

Noble, Silver, Silver Tin Oxide Composite 88Ag12SnO2 41.8 u,d

72 u

20

68

PSE, low-voltage motor contactors and switches rated to 10A. Low-voltage circuit breakers rated to 100A PSE, light switches, relays, motor vehicle switches PSE, light switches, relays, motor vehicle switches

92

u u u u u u

RT 20 20

68 68 RT

20 20

58

68 68

68 RT

90Ag10SnO2

47.6 u,d

82 u

20

68

92Ag8SnO2

51.0 u,d

88 u

20

68

Noble, Silver, Silver Zinc Oxide Composite 92Ag8ZnO 44.7 u,d

77 u

20

68

PSE, low-voltage circuit breakers rated to 200A

92

Noble, Silver, Tungsten Silver Carbide Composite 65Ag35WC 31.9 to 34.8 u,d

55 to 60 u

20

68

INF, aircraft contactors, lighting relays, lowvoltage switches, circuit breakers

92

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

92 92

Contact Materials / 165

Table 5.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Contact Materials Alloy-temper (UNS number) Noble, Silver, Unclassified CMW Elkonium 28 CMW Elkonium 63

10

6

S/m

6 t,d 44 t,d

%IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

10 t 75 t

20 20

68 68

Refractory, Cobalt, Commercially Pure Co 15.95 u,d

27.6 u

20

68

Refractory, Molybdenum, Commercially Pure CMW Elkon 100M 19 t

33 t

20

68

Refractory, Molybdenum, Molybdenum Silver CMW Elkonite 7065 26 t,d CMW Elkonite 7165 20 t,d CMW Elkonite G17 26 t,d CMW Elkonite G18 32 t,d

44 t 35 t 45 t 55 t

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Repress Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate

58 58 58 58

Refractory, Molybdenum, Unclassified CMW Thermkon 65M 16 t,d CMW Thermkon 70M 19 t,d Mo 19.7 u,d

28 t 32 t 34 u

20 20 20

68 68 68

Composite Composite Pure metal, R depends on purity

58 58 65

Refractory, Tantalum Ta

13.9 u

20

68

Pure metal, R depends on purity

65

31 t

20

68

Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Carbide Copper Composite 30Cu 17.4 u,d 30 u

20

68

8.06 u,d

Refractory, Tungsten, Commercially Pure CMW Elkon 100W 18 t

58 58

Pure metal, R depends on purity

83

58

58

INF, arcing contacts in oil switches, wiping shoes in power transformers INF, arcing contacts in oil switches, wiping shoes in power transformers INF, arcing contacts in oil switches, wiping shoes in power transformers

92

44Cu

24.9 u,d

43 u

20

68

92

50Cu

24.4 to 27.3 u,d

42 to 47 u

20

68

4.3 u

20

68

Tungsten carbide

65

92

Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Cobalt 71WC12TiC12TaC4.5Co medium 2.5 u,d grain 72WC8TiC11.5TaC8.5Co medium 3.0 u,d grain 75WC25Co medium grain 5.7 u,d 84WC16Co course grain 5.3 u,d 90WC10Co course grain 6.61 u,d 94WC6Co course grain 5.80 u,d 94WC6Co medium grain 4.5 u,d 97WC3Co medium grain 3.1 u,d

5.2 u

20

68

Tungsten carbide

65

9.8 u 9.2 u 11.4 u 10.0 u 7.8 u 5.3 u

20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68

Tungsten carbide Tungsten carbide Tungsten carbide Tungsten carbide Tungsten carbide Tungsten carbide

65 65 65 65 65 65

Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Copper CMW Elkonite 10W3 26 t,d CMW Elkonite 10W53 16 t,d CMW Elkonite 1W3 31 t,d CMW Elkonite 2050C 34 t,d CMW Elkonite 2140C 17 t,d CMW Elkonite 30W3 24 t,d CMW Elkonite 3W3 29 t,d CMW Elkonite 3W53 17 t,d

45 t 28 t 53 t 58 t 30 t 41 t 50 t 30 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Repress Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate

58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

166 / Electrical Properties

Table 5.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Contact Materials Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

%IACS

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Copper CMW Elkonite 40W3 21 t,d CMW Elkonite 50W3 20 t,d CMW Elkonite 5W3 28 t,d CMW Elkonite TC1O 24 t,d CMW Elkonite TC20 17 t,d CMW Elkonite TC5 26 t,d CMW Elkonite TC53 10 t,d CMW Thermkon 62 19 t,d CMW Thermkon 68 20 t,d CMW Thermkon 76 24 t,d CMW Thermkon 83 26 t,d

37 t 35 t 48 t 42 t 30 t 45 t 18 t 32 t 35 t 41 t 45 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Composite Composite Composite Composite

58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58

Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Copper Composite 10.4Cu89.6W 17.4 u,d

30 u

20

68

92

92 92 92 92 92 92

92 92 92

13.4Cu86.6W

19.1 u,d

33 u

20

68

15Cu85W

11.6 u,d

20 u

20

68

20Cu80W

17.4 to 23.2 u,d

30 to 40 u

20

68

25Cu75W

19.1 to 27.8 u,d

33 to 48 u

20

68

26Cu74W

26.7 u,d

46 u

20

68

30Cu70W

20.9 to 29.6 u,d

36 to 51 u

20

68

32Cu68W

29.0 u,d

50 u

20

68

35Cu65W

31.3 u,d

54 u

20

68

40Cu60W

24.4 to 33.0 u,d

42 to 57 u

20

68

44Cu56W 50Cu50W 60Cu40W 65Cu35W 70Cu30W 75Cu25W

31.9 u,d 26.1 to 36.5 u,d 39.4 u,d 41.8 u,d 44.0 u,d 29.0 to 45.8 u,d

55 u 45 to 63 u 68 u 72 u 76 u 50 to 79 u

20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68

INF, vacuum switches, arcing tips, oil-circuit breakers INF, vacuum switches, arcing tips, oil-circuit breakers PSR, vacuum switches, arcing tips, oil-circuit breakers INF, vacuum switches, arcing tips, oil-circuit breakers INF, vacuum switches, arcing tips, oil-circuit breakers INF, circuit breaker runners, arcing tips, tap change arcing tips INF, circuit breaker runners, arcing tips, tap change arcing tips INF, oil-circuit breakers, reclosing devices, arcing tips, tap change arcing tips, contactors INF, oil-circuit breakers, reclosing devices, arcing tips, tap change arcing tips, contactors INF, oil-circuit breakers, reclosing devices, arcing tips, tap change arcing tips, contactors INF, oil-circuit breakers, arcing tips INF, oil-circuit breakers, arcing tips Oil-circuit breakers, arcing tips Vacuum interrupter Current-carrying contacts PSR, current-carrying contacts

Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Graphite Silver Composite 45Ag50W5C 21.5 to 24.9 u,d 37 to 43 u 46Ag53W1C 31.9 u,d 55 u 48Ag51.75W0.25C 37.7 u,d 65 u

20 20 20

68 68 68

PSR, circuit breakers, arcing tips PSR, circuit breakers, arcing tips PSR, circuit breakers, arcing tips

Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Nickel CMW 1000 8.1 t,d CMW 2000 9.3 t,d CMW 3000 5.8 t,d CMW 3950 7.5 t,d

14.0 t 16.0 t 10.0 t 13.0 t

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Silver CMW Elkonite 1060 21 t,d

36 t

20

68

92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92

58 58 58 58

Press-Sinter-Infiltrate

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

58

Contact Materials / 167

Table 5.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Contact Materials Alloy-temper (UNS number) Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Silver CMW Elkonite 2088 CMW Elkonite 20S CMW Elkonite 20SB CMW Elkonite 2110 CMW Elkonite 2150 CMW Elkonite 3042 CMW Elkonite 30S CMW Elkonite 30SB CMW Elkonite 3150 CMW Elkonite 35S CMW Elkonite 35SB CMW Elkonite 4050 CMW Elkonite 40S CMW Elkonite 40SB CMW Elkonite 45S CMW Elkonite 50S CMW Elkonite G12 CMW Elkonite G13 CMW Elkonite G14

10

6

S/m

20 t,d 28 t,d 26 t,d 53 t,d 35 t,d 30 t,d 29 t,d 27 t,d 26 t,d 32 t,d 30 t,d 36 t,d 34 t,d 32 t,d 36 t,d 38 t,d 33 t,d 27 t,d 21 t,d

Temperature oC oF

%IACS

Notes

Reference

35 t 49 t 45 t 92 t 60 t 52 t 50 t 47 t 45 t 55 t 51 t 62 t 58 t 55 t 62 t 65 t 57 t 47 t 37 t

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter Press-Sinter-Repress Press-Sinter-Repress Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter Press-Sinter-Repress Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate

58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58

Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Silver Carbide Composite 20Ag80WC 11.0 u,d 19 u

20

68

PSR, suppression of tungstate formation in lowvoltage and high-voltage circuit breakers INF, semiconducting material INF, heavy-duty circuit breakers INF, heavy-duty circuit breakers INF, aircraft contactors, lighting relays, lowvoltage switches, circuit breakers PSR, aircraft contactors, lighting relays, lowvoltage switches, circuit breakers PSR, aircraft contactors, lighting relays, lowvoltage switches, circuit breakers PSR, aircraft contactors, lighting relays, lowvoltage switches, circuit breakers

92

35Ag65WC 38Ag62WC 40Ag60WC 50Ag50WC

17.4 to 21.5 u,d 20.3 to 22.0 u,d 23.2 to 27.3 u,d 24.9 to 30.2 u,d

30 to 37 35 to 38 40 to 47 43 to 52

u u u u

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

58Ag42WC

29.0 to 31.9 u,d

50 to 55 u

20

68

60Ag40WC

26.7 to 31.9 u,d

46 to 55 u

20

68

65Ag35WC

29.0 to 34.8 u,d

50 to 60 u

20

68

Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Silver Composite 10Ag90W 16.8 to 20.3 u,d 15Ag85W 18.6 to 23.8 u,d 20Ag80W 20.3 to 23.2 u,d

29 to 35 u 32 to 41 u 35 to 40 u

20 20 20

68 68 68

25Ag75W

23.2 to 29.0 u,d

40 to 50 u

20

68

27.5Ag72.5W

28.4 u,d

49 u

20

68

30Ag70W

23.2 to 29.0 u,d

40 to 50 u

20

68

35Ag65W

26.1 to 30.7 u,d

45 to 53 u

20

68

35Ag65W 35Ag65W 60Ag40W

27.3 to 29.0 u,d 27.3 to 29.0 u,d 34.8 to 37.7 u,d

47 to 50 u 47 to 50 u 60 to 65 u

20 20 20

68 68 68

PSR, semiconducting material INF, motor governors INF, motor starters, aircraft equipment, circuit breakers, contactors, computers, arcing tips INF, motor starters, aircraft equipment, circuit breakers, contactors, computers, arcing tips INF, motor starters, aircraft equipment, circuit breakers, contactors, computers, arcing tips INF, motor starters, aircraft equipment, circuit breakers, contactors, computers, arcing tips INF, automotive starting switches, circuit breakers PS, automotive starting switches, circuit breakers PS, automotive starting switches, circuit breakers PSR, current-carrying contacts in circuit breakers, light-duty contactors

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

92 92 92 92 92 92 92

92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92

168 / Electrical Properties

Table 5.1 Volume Conductivity at Ambient Temperature of Contact Materials Alloy-temper (UNS number)

10

6

S/m

Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Silver Composite 65Ag35W 39.4 u,d

%IACS

Temperature oC oF

68 u

20

68

70Ag30W

41.8 to 46.4 u,d

72 to 80 u

20

68

80Ag20W

46.4 to 49.3 u,d

80 to 85 u

20

68

85Ag15W

49.3 to 52.2 u,d

85 to 90 u

20

68

90Ag10W

52.2 to 55.1 u,d

90 to 95 u

20

68

17.4 u,d

30 u

20

68

Refractory, Tungsten, Unclassified W

Notes

Reference

PSR, current-carrying contacts in circuit breakers, light-duty contactors PSR, current-carrying contacts in circuit breakers, light-duty contactors PSR, current-carrying contacts in circuit breakers, light-duty contactors PSR, current-carrying contacts in circuit breakers, light-duty contactors PSR, controls, automatic circuit protectors, wall switches

92

Pure metal, R depends on purity

65

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

92 92 92 92

Contact Materials / 169

Table 5.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Contact Materials Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Copper, Cast, Aluminum Bronze Elkaloy D Elkaloy D110 Elkaloy D120 Elkaloy D130

0.096 t 0.144 t 0.172 t 0.192 t

57.75 t,d 86.62 t,d 103.46 t,d 115.49 t,d

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

Copper, Cast, High Copper CMW 73

0.086 t

51.73 t,d

20

68

Cu-Be

58

Copper, Cast, Unclassified CMW 3

0.0216 t

12.99 t,d

20

68

Cu-Cr

58

20

68

Contact material

65

20 20

68 68 RT

Cu-Be Contact bridges, bolts, screws

58 58 66

RT

Fuse clips, springs, switches, connectors

66

RT

Fuse clips, switch parts, electrical connectors

66

Copper, Wrought, Beryllium Copper 2Be + Ni or Co 0.096 to 0.115 u 57.7 to 69.2 u,d CMW 100 0.0359 t 21.59 t,d CMW 73 0.0749 t 45.05 t,d Olin 172-Precipitation hardened 0.057 to 0.10 34 to 61 (C17200) Olin 175-Precipitation hardened 0.028 to 0.038 17 to 23 (C17500) Olin 17510-Precipitation hardened 0.028 to 0.038 17 to 23 (C17510)

58 58 58 58

Copper, Wrought, Copper Nickel Dickalloy-Precipitation hardened C70250 (C70250)

0.089 0.0431 max

53.5 25.93 max,d

20

68

Strip for electronic switches Lead frame alloy

66 20

Copper, Wrought, Copper Zinc 15Zn 20Zn 35Zn

0.047 u 0.054 u 0.064 u

28 u,d 32 u,d 38.5 u,d

20 20 20

68 68 68

Contact material Contact material Contact material

65 65 65

Copper, Wrought, Phosphor Bronze 1.25Sn + P 5Sn + P 8Sn + P

0.036 u 0.11 u 0.13 u

21.7 u,d 66.2 u,d 78.2 u,d

20 20 20

68 68 68

Contact material Contact material Contact material

65 65 65

Copper, Wrought, Tin Brass Olin C663

0.068

41

Connectors, dispersion/solution strengthened

66

Copper, Wrought, Unclassified 0.04 oxide CMW 3

0.0172 u 0.0203 t

10.35 u,d 12.21 t,d

20 20

68 68

Contact material Cu-Cr, forging minor dim <= 19 mm (0.75 in.)

65 58

Noble, Gold, Commercially Pure Gold CMW Pure Gold 0.0235 t

14.14 t,d

20

68

58

Noble, Gold, Electrical Contact 41.7Au32.5Cu18.8Ni7Zn 69Au25Ag6Pt 72.5Au14Cu8.5Pt4Ag1Zn 75Au25Ag 90Au10Cu CMW Elkonium 70 CMW Elkonium 72

234.6 u,d 90.2 u,d 102.3 u,d 65.0 u,d 65.0 u,d 75.19 t,d 94.44 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68

65 65 65 65 65 58 58

0.39 u 0.15 u 0.17 u 0.108 u 0.108 u 0.125 t 0.157 t

RT

RT

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

170 / Electrical Properties

Table 5.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Contact Materials Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Noble, Gold, Electrical Contact CMW Elkonium 76 Gold

0.127 t 0.0235 u

76.39 t,d 14.1 u,d

20 20

68 68

Noble, Gold, Unclassified Au Au Au

0.020 u 0.022 u 0.02271 u

12.03 u,d 13.23 u,d 13.66 u,d

25 20 27

77 68 80.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

Noble, Iridium, Unclassified Ir Ir Ir

0.050 u 0.051 u 0.0533 u

30.08 u,d 30.68 u,d 32.06 u,d

25 20 27

77 68 80.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

Noble, Osmium, Unclassified Os Os Os

0.084 u 0.1059 u 0.088 u

50.53 u,d 63.70 u,d 52.93 u,d

25 27 20

77 80.6 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

Noble, Palladium, Electrical Contact 35Pd30Ag14Cu10Pt10Au1Zn 45Pd30Ag20Au5Pt 50Pd50Ag 60Pd40Ag 60Pd40Cu 60Pd40Cu 70Pd30Ag 72Pd26Ag2Ni 90Pd10Ru 95.5Pd4.5 CMW Elkonium 40 CMW Elkonium 405 CMW Elkonium 42

0.35 u 0.39 u 0.315 u 0.43 u 0.35 u 1.3795 u 0.40 u 0.43 u 0.27 u 0.242 u 0.108 t 0.285 t 0.430 t

210.5 u,d 234.6 u,d 189.48 u,d 258.7 u,d 210.5 u,d 829.81 u,d 240.6 u,d 258.7 u,d 162.4 u,d 145.6 u,d 64.97 t,d 171.44 t,d 258.66 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Noble, Palladium, Unclassified Pd Pd Pd Pd

0.108 u 0.1080 u 0.108 u 0.1050 u

64.97 u,d 64.97 u,d 65.0 u,d 63.16 u,d

27 20 20 25

80.6 68 68 77

Noble, Platinum, Commercially Pure CMW Elkonium 30 0.113 t

67.97 t,d

20

68

58

Noble, Platinum, Electrical Contact 65Pt35Ir 70Pt30Ir 75Pt25Ir 80Pt20Ir 86Pt14Ru 89Pt11Ru 90Pt10Ir 90Pt10Ru 95Pt5Ir

216.6 u,d 210.5 u,d 198.5 u,d 186.5 u,d 276.7 u,d 258.7 u,d 150 u,d 258.7 u,d 114.3 u,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65

0.36 u 0.35 u 0.33 u 0.31 u 0.46 u 0.43 u 0.25 u 0.43 u 0.19 u

Notes

Reference

58 65

65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 58 58 58

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

18 18 65 18

Contact Materials / 171

Table 5.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Contact Materials Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Noble, Platinum, Electrical Contact 95Pt5Ru 96Pt4W CMW Elkonium 301 CMW Elkonium 302 CMW Elkonium 305 CMW Elkonium 306 CMW Elkonium 32 CMW Elkonium 33 CMW Elkonium 331 CMW Elkonium 34

0.315 u 0.36 u 0.285 t 0.430 t 0.345 t 0.430 t 0.315 t 0.430 t 0.429 t 0.430 t

189.5 u,d 216.6 u,d 171.44 t,d 258.66 t,d 207.53 t,d 258.66 t,d 189.48 t,d 258.66 t,d 258.06 t,d 258.66 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Noble, Platinum, Unclassified Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt

0.1064 u 0.1080 u 0.106 u 0.106 u 0.104 u

64.00 u,d 64.97 u,d 63.8 u,d 63.76 u,d 62.56 u,d

20 27 20 20 25

68 80.6 68 68 77

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

65 18 65 18 18

Noble, Rhodium Rh Rh Rh Rh

0.045 u 0.0440 u 0.0470 u 0.0501 u

27.07 u,d 26.47 u,d 28.27 u,d 30.14 u,d

20 25 20 27

68 77 68 80.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18

Noble, Ruthenium Ru Ru Ru

0.0630 u 0.0770 u 0.075 u

37.90 u,d 46.32 u,d 45.11 u,d

25 20 20

77 68 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

Noble, Silver, Commercially Pure CMW Fine Silver Fine silver

0.0166 t 0.0159 u

9.99 t,d 9.56 u,d

20 20

68 68

Contact material

58 65

Noble, Silver, Electrical Contact CMW D1058 CMW D158F CMW D57F CMW D58 CMW D581F CMW D582F CMW D583F

0.0493 t 0.0174 t 0.0192 t 0.0313 t 0.0169 t 0.0167 t 0.0172 t

29.66 t,d 10.47 t,d 11.55 t,d 18.83 t,d 10.17 t,d 10.05 t,d 10.35 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Noble, Silver, Silver Cadmium 85Ag15Cd CMW D154F CMW D154X CMW D155F CMW D155X CMW D355F CMW D54 CMW D54F

0.493 u 0.0230 t 0.0236 t 0.0246 t 0.0254 t 0.0254 t 0.0230 t 0.0210 t

297 u,d 13.84 t,d 14.20 t,d 14.80 t,d 15.28 t,d 15.28 t,d 13.84 t,d 12.63 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

65 65 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58

58 58 58 58 58 58 58

Contact material

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

65 58 58 58 58 58 58 58

172 / Electrical Properties

Table 5.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Contact Materials Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Noble, Silver, Silver Cadmium CMW D54X CMW D55 CMW D55F CMW D55X CMW Elkonium 17 CMW Elkonium 18 CMW Elkonium 217

0.0230 t 0.0313 t 0.0239 t 0.0246 t 0.0556 t 0.0401 t 0.0493 t

13.84 t,d 18.83 t,d 14.38 t,d 14.80 t,d 33.45 t,d 24.12 t,d 29.66 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Noble, Silver, Silver Copper 72Ag26Cu2Ni 72Ag28Cu 90Ag10Cu 92.5Ag7.5Cu CMW Coin Silver CMW Elkonium 1 CMW Elkonium 22 CMW Elkonium 23 CMW Elkonium 73

0.029 u 0.02 u 0.02 u 0.02 u 0.0210 t 0.0230 t 0.0205 t 0.0178 t 0.0192 t

17 u,d 12 u,d 12 u,d 12 u,d 12.63 t,d 13.84 t,d 12.33 t,d 10.71 t,d 11.55 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Contact material Contact material Contact material Contact material

65 65 65 65 58 58 58 58 58

Noble, Silver, Silver Gold 90Ag10Au CMW Elkonium 71

0.042 u 4.310E-02 t

25 u,d 25.93 t,d

20 20

68 68

Contact material

65 58

Noble, Silver, Silver Nickel CMW D50 CMW D505F CMW D50F CMW D510F CMW D56

0.0257 t 0.0181 t 0.0216 t 0.0198 t 0.0313 t

15.46 t,d 10.89 t,d 12.99 t,d 11.91 t,d 18.83 t,d

20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68

Noble, Silver, Silver Palladium 60Ag40Pd 70Ag30Pd 90Ag10Pd 97Ag3Pd CMW Elkonium 45 CMW Elkonium 46

0.23 u 0.143 u 0.053 u 0.029 u 0.0297 t 2.180E-02 t

138 u,d 86.0 u,d 32 u,d 17 u,d 17.87 t,d 13.11 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68

Contact material Contact material Contact material Contact material

65 65 65 65 58 58

Noble, Silver, Silver Platinum 97Ag3Pt CMW Elkonium 36

0.035 u 0.0383 t

21 u,d 23.04 t,d

20 20

68 68

Contact material

65 58

Noble, Silver, Unclassified Ag Ag Ag Ag CMW Elkonium 28 CMW Elkonium 63

0.0163 u 0.0147 u 0.01629 u 0.016 u 0.172 t 0.023 t

9.80 u,d 8.84 u,d 9.80 u,d 9.62 u,d 103.46 t,d 13.84 t,d

20 25 27 20 20 20

68 77 80.6 68 68 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 58 58

Refractory, Beryllium Be

0.0376 u

22.62 u,d

25

77

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

58 58 58 58 58 58 58

58 58 58 58 58

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Contact Materials / 173

Table 5.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Contact Materials Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Refractory, Beryllium Be

0.0330 u

19.85 u,d

20

68

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Refractory, Chromium Cr Cr Cr Cr

0.13 u 0.1290 u 0.127 u 0.1320 u

78.20 u,d 77.60 u,d 76.39 u,d 79.40 u,d

20 25 27 20

68 77 80.6 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18

Refractory, Cobalt, Cobalt Nickel Cobalt Alloy MP35N (R30035)

1.03 u

620 u,d

83

RT

Refractory, Cobalt, Commercially Pure Co 0.0634 u Co 0.0520 u Co 0.0568 u Co 0.599 u Co 0.0525 u

38.14 u,d 31.28 u,d 34.17 u,d 360.32 u,d 31.6 u,d

Refractory, Cobalt, Superalloy Colbalt 188 Colbalt 188 Colbalt 25 HS-21 HS-31 (X-40) UMCo50 UMCo51 Elgiloy (R30003) Stellite 6 (R30006) L-605 (R30605)

1.01 u 0.922 u,d 0.89 u 0.8738 t,d 0.9703 t,d 0.8255 t,d 1.0185 t,d 0.9975 t,d 0.9093 t,d 0.8865 t,d

607.5 u,d 555 u,d 535 u,d 525.6 t,d 583.7 t,d 496.6 t,d 612.7 t,d 600.0 t,d 547.0 t,d 533.2 t,d

21 21 21 21 21 22 24

Refractory, Halfnium Hf Hf Hf

0.355 u 0.3400 u 0.322 u

213.54 u,d 204.52 u,d 193.69 u,d

Refractory, Molybdenum, Commercially Pure CMW Elkon 100M 0.052 t

20 25 20 27

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 83

70 70 70 70 70 72 75

Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy Superalloy

83 66 83 56 56 56 56 56 56 56

20 27 20

68 80.6 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

31.28 t,d

20

68

Refractory, Molybdenum, Molybdenum Silver CMW Elkonite 7065 0.0392 t CMW Elkonite G17 0.0383 t CMW Elkonite G18 0.0313 t

23.58 t,d 23.04 t,d 18.83 t,d

20 20 20

68 68 68

Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate

58 58 58

Refractory, Molybdenum, Unclassified Mo 0.0570 u Mo 0.0530 u Mo 0.052 u

34.29 u,d 31.88 u,d 31.3 u,d

20 25 20

68 77 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 65

Refractory, Niobium Nb Nb Nb

87.82 u,d 80.00 u,d 96.24 u,d

20 25 20

68 77 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18

0.146 u 0.1330 u 0.1600 u

68 77 68 80.6 RT

RT 21

70 RT

58

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

174 / Electrical Properties

Table 5.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Contact Materials Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Refractory, Rhenium Re Re Re Re Re

0.187 u 0.1988 u 0.169 u 0.210 u 0.193 u

112.49 u,d 119.58 u,d 101.66 u,d 126.32 u,d 116.10 u,d

20 27 25 20 20

68 80.6 77 68 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18

Refractory, Tantalum Ta Ta Ta Ta

0.134 u 0.135 u 0.1245 u 0.131 u

80.61 u,d 81.21 u,d 74.89 u,d 78.80 u,d

27 20 20 25

80.6 68 68 77

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 65 18

Refractory, Tungsten, Commercially Pure CMW Elkon 100W 0.055 t

33.08 t,d

20

68

Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Copper CMW Elkonite 10W3 0.0383 t CMW Elkonite 10W53 0.0616 t CMW Elkonite 1W3 0.0325 t CMW Elkonite 2050C 0.0297 t CMW Elkonite 2140C 0.0575 t CMW Elkonite 30W3 0.0421 t CMW Elkonite 3W3 0.0345 t CMW Elkonite 3W53 0.0575 t CMW Elkonite 40W3 0.0466 t CMW Elkonite 50W3 0.0493 t CMW Elkonite 5W3 0.0359 t CMW Elkonite TC1O 0.0410 t CMW Elkonite TC20 0.0575 t CMW Elkonite TC5 0.0383 t CMW Elkonite TC53 0.0958 t CMW Thermkon 62 0.0539 t CMW Thermkon 68 0.0492 t CMW Thermkon 76 0.0421 t CMW Thermkon 83 0.0383 t

23.04 t,d 37.05 t,d 19.55 t,d 17.87 t,d 34.59 t,d 25.32 t,d 20.75 t,d 34.59 t,d 28.03 t,d 29.66 t,d 21.59 t,d 24.66 t,d 34.59 t,d 23.04 t,d 57.63 t,d 32.42 t,d 29.60 t,d 25.32 t,d 23.04 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Nickel CMW 1000 0.1230 t CMW 2000 0.1078 t CMW 3000 0.1724 t CMW 3950 0.1330 t

73.99 t,d 64.84 t,d 103.70 t,d 80.00 t,d

20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68

Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Silver CMW Elkonite 1060 CMW Elkonite 2088 CMW Elkonite 20S CMW Elkonite 20SB CMW Elkonite 2110 CMW Elkonite 2150 CMW Elkonite 3042 CMW Elkonite 30S

28.57 t,d 29.66 t,d 21.17 t,d 23.04 t,d 11.25 t,d 17.26 t,d 19.37 t,d 20.75 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

0.0475 t 0.0493 t 0.0352 t 0.0383 t 0.0187 t 0.0287 t 0.0322 t 0.0345 t

58

Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Repress Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Composite Composite Composite Composite

58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58

58 58 58 58

Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter Press-Sinter-Repress Press-Sinter-Repress Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58

Contact Materials / 175

Table 5.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Contact Materials Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Notes

Reference

Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Silver CMW Elkonite 30SB CMW Elkonite 3150 CMW Elkonite 35S CMW Elkonite 35SB CMW Elkonite 4050 CMW Elkonite 40S CMW Elkonite 40SB CMW Elkonite 45S CMW Elkonite 50S CMW Elkonite G12 CMW Elkonite G13 CMW Elkonite G14

0.0367 t 0.0383 t 0.0313 t 0.0338 t 0.0278 t 0.0297 t 0.0313 t 0.0278 t 0.0265 t 0.0302 t 0.0367 t 0.0466 t

22.08 t,d 23.04 t,d 18.83 t,d 20.33 t,d 16.72 t,d 17.87 t,d 18.83 t,d 16.72 t,d 15.94 t,d 18.17 t,d 22.08 t,d 28.03 t,d

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68

Press-Sinter Press-Sinter-Repress Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate Press-Sinter-Infiltrate

58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58

Refractory, Tungsten, Unclassified W W W W W

0.0545 u 0.052 u 0.055 u 0.0565 u 0.054 u

32.78 u,d 31.28 u,d 33.08 u,d 34.0 u,d 32.48 u,d

27 25 20 20 20

80.6 77 68 68 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 65 18

Refractory, Vanadium V V V V

0.1990 u 0.1960 u 0.201 u 0.248 u

119.70 u,d 117.90 u,d 120.91 u,d 149.18 u,d

25 20 27 20

77 68 80.6 68

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18

Refractory, Zirconium Zr Zr Zr Zr

0.50 u 0.435 u 0.4400 u 0.3890 u

300.77 u,d 261.67 u,d 264.67 u,d 234.00 u,d

20 27 20 25

68 80.6 68 77

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18

Titanium, Titanium, Alpha IMI 230 IMI 679 IMI 685 Ti5621S Timetal 1100 Ti5Al2.5Sn (R54520) Ti5Al2.5Sn (R54520) Ti6242Si (R54620) Ti811 (R54810) Ti621/0.8 (R56210) Ti3Al2.5V (R56320)

0.65 approx 1.6 t 1.67 t 1.7 t 1.8 t 1.573 u 1.6 t 1.85 to 1.9 t 1.97 approx 1.6 u 1.27 u

391 approx RT 962 t RT 1005 t RT 1023 t RT 1083 t RT 946.2 u 20 68 962 t RT 1110 to 1140 t RT 1185 approx RT 962 u RT 764 u RT

63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63

Titanium, Titanium, Alpha Beta IMI 550 IMI 551 SP-700 Timetal 62S Ti5522S (R54560)

1.59 t 1.7 t 1.64 t 1.62 t 1.71 t

956 t 1023 t 987 t 974 t 1029 t

63 63 63 63 63

RT RT RT RT RT

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

176 / Electrical Properties

Table 5.2 Volume Resistivity at Ambient Temperature of Contact Materials Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Temperature oF Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Titanium, Titanium, Alpha Beta Ti8Mn (R56080) Ti6246 (R56260) Ti6Al6V2Sn (R56620) Ti7Al4Mo (R56740)

0.92 1.9 to 2.05 t 1.57 t 1.7 t

553 1140 to 1230 t 944.40 t 1023 t

Titanium, Titanium, Beta Ti15-3 Ti15-3 Ti13-11-3 (R58010) Beta III (R58030) Timetal 21S (R58210) Beta C (R58640)

1.4 t 1.48 t 1.4 t 1.56 t 1.35 t 1.6 t

842 t 890 t 842 t 938 t 812 t 962 t

Notes

Reference

63 63 63 63

RT RT RT RT

RT RT RT RT RT

63 63 63 63 63 63

77

25

Titanium, Titanium, Commercially Pure High-Purity Ti 0.42 u Unalloyed Ti Grade 2 (R50400) 0.5 to 0.55 u Unalloyed Ti Grade 4 (R50700) 0.6 u Ti0.2 Pd (Grade 11) (R52250) 0.55 u Ti0.2 Pd (Grade 7) (R52400) 0.55 u Ti0.3Mo0.8Ni (Grade 12) (R53400) 0.52 u

253 u 55 to 331 u 361 u 331 u 331 u 313 u

RT RT RT RT RT RT

63 63 63 63 63 63

Titanium, Titanium, Titanium Nickel TiNi Shape Memory Alloy (austenite) 0.82 t TiNi Shape Memory Alloy (martensite) 0.76 t

493 t 457 t

RT RT

63 63

Titanium, Titanium, Unclassified Ti Ti Ti Ti

234.60 u,d 324.83 u,d 324.83 u,d 390.99 u,d

0.3900 u 0.54 u 0.5400 u 0.65 u

25 20 20 27

77 68 68 80.6

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

18 18 18 18

Contact Materials / 177

Table 5.3 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of Contact Materials Alloy-temper (UNS number)

oC -1

oF -1

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Noble, Gold, Unclassified Au

0.0040 u

0.00222 u,t

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Noble, Iridium, Unclassified Ir

0.0045 u

0.00250 u,t

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Noble, Osmium, Unclassified Os

0.0041 u

0.00228 u,t

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Noble, Palladium, Unclassified Pd

0.0042 u

0.00233 u,t

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Noble, Platinum, Unclassified Pt

0.0039 u

0.00217 u,t

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Noble, Rhodium Rh

0.0044 u

0.00244 u,t

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Noble, Ruthenium Ru

0.0041 u

0.00228 u,t

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Noble, Silver, Unclassified Ag

0.0041 u

0.00228 u,t

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Refractory, Beryllium Be

0.0090 u

0.00500 u,d

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Refractory, Chromium Cr

0.00214 u

0.00119 u,d

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Refractory, Cobalt, Commercially Pure 0.101 u,d Co

Pure metal, R depends on purity

83

Co

0.0066 u

0.00367 u,d

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Co

0.0068 u

0.00378 u,d

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

0.0044 u

0.00244 u,d

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Refractory, Molybdenum, Unclassified 0.0044 u Mo

0.00244 u,d

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Refractory, Niobium Nb

0.0026 u

0.00144 u,d

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Refractory, Rhenium Re

0.0045 u

0.00250 u,d

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Refractory, Tantalum Ta

0.0035 u

0.00194 u,d

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Refractory, Tungsten, Unclassified 0.0048 u W

0.00267 u,d

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Refractory, Vanadium V

0.0039 u

0.00217 u,d

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Refractory, Zirconium Zr

0.0044 u

0.00244 u,d

0 to 100

32 to 212

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

Refractory, Halfnium Hf

0.056 u,d

RT

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

178 / Electrical Properties

Table 5.3 Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity of Contact Materials Alloy-temper (UNS number)

oC -1

Titanium, Titanium, Unclassified 0.0038 u Ti

oF -1

0.00211 u,d

Temperature oC oF

0 to 100

32 to 212

Notes

Reference

Pure metal, R depends on purity

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

18

ASM Ready Reference Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Charles Moosbrugger, editor, p179-190 DOI: 10.1361/empm2000p179

Copyright © 2000 ASM International® All rights reserved. www.asminternational.org

Chapter 6

Superconductivity IN 1911, ONNES DISCOVERED that mercury had superconducting properties at approximately 4 K. Superconductivity is the property of many elements, alloys, and compounds by virtue of which their electrical resistance vanishes and they become strongly diamagnetic under appropriate conditions. Tin and lead were identified as superconductors after mercury. The temperature at which resistance disappears is the critical temperature (Tc). It usually is expressed only in degrees kelvin (K). Shortly after the discovery of superconductors, the application creating large magnetic fields was recognized. Unfortunately, the magnetic field thus created has an adverse effect on the superconducting nature of the material. The presence of a critical external field greater than Hc destroys the superconducting state. Superconductors are classified as type I and type II. For type I, usually elements, the superconduction is terminated above Hc. Type II su-

perconductors are perfectly diamagnetic up to Hc1. A mixed state exists from Hc1 to Hc2. Above Hc2, the superconduction is terminated. The higher Hc2 field allows these materials, usually alloys, to be used for high field applications. Just as magnets are called “hard” and “soft,” these type II alloys are called “hard” superconductors. Linked to the critical temperature and critical magnetic field strength is the critical current density (Jc). The superconductive state is stable only if the temperature, magnetic field strength, and current density are below their critical values. This interdependence is seen for a niobium titanium alloy in Fig. 6.1. Elements that are superconductors and potential superconductors are illustrated in Fig. 6.2. In addition, there are hundreds of alloys exhibiting superconducting properties. The residual resistance ratio (RRR) is the ratio of resistivity at room temperature (293 K) to

8

6 5 4 3 2

4

1 0 2 K re,

tu

8 10

6 era mp Te

Current density, kA · mm–2

7

2 4 6 Fie 8 ld, T

10 12 14 16

The critical surface for a niobium-titanium alloy. As long as the state of the superconductor remains within the critical surface, it will be superconducting. The strong interdependence of the three critical parameters (Tc, Hc2, and Jc) is clearly seen.

Fig. 6.1

Fig. 6.2

Elements with superconducting properties

that at low temperature (4.2 K) and is a measure of the purity of the material. Degree of purity influences the mean free path (λ) of electrons, with higher purity specimens having higher λ and, thus, lower resistance. The mean free path can be comparable to the specimen size itself at low temperatures. The RRR is a unitless quantity.

REFERENCES 1. “Standard Definitions of Terms Relating to Superconductors,” B 713-82, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM 2. W.H. Warrens, Principles of Superconductivity, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, Vol 2, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 1990

180 / Electrical Properties

Table 6.1 Volume Resistivity at Low and Superconducting Temperatures Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ . m

Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Temperature oF Kelvin

Notes

Reference

Aluminum, Wrought, 1xxx Commercially Pure Aluminum 5-9s purity commercial Al-O 5-9s purity commercial Al-O 6-9s purity commercial Al-O 6-9s purity commercial Al-O 99.998% Al 99.998% Al 99.998% Al 99.998% Al 99.998% Al 99.998% Al 99.998% Al 99.998% Al 99.998% Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al Al

2.20E-03 e 5.7E-05 e 2.20E-03 e 2.3E-05 e 6.14E-03 e 3.51E-03 e 2.11E-03 e 1.17E-03 e 8.70E-04 e 7.33E-06 e 2.61E-06 e 9.25E-07 e 9.25E-07 e 1.006E-02 u 4.42E-03 u 2.45E-03 u 9.59E-04 u 2.117E-02 u 1.81E-04 u 7.5E-06 u 1.9E-06 u 1E-06 u 1.587E-02 u

1.32 e,d 3.43E-02 e,d 1.32 e,d 1.38E-02 e,d 3.69 e,d 2.11 e,d 1.27 e,d 0.70 e,d 0.523 e,d 4.41E-03 e,d 1.57E-03 e,d 5.564E-04 e,d 5.564E-04 e,d 6.05 u,d 2.66 u,d 1.47 u,d 0.58 u,d 12.73 u,d 0.109 u,d 4.51E-03 u,d 1.14E-03 u,d 6.02E-04 u,d 9.55 u,d

-196 -269.0 -196 -269.0 -161.6 -182.84 -195.8 -209.7 -215 -252.8 -259.2 -268.93 -271.5 -123 -173 -193 -213 -23 -233 -253 -263 -272 -73

-321 -452.2 -321 -452.2 -258.9 -297.11 -320.4 -409.5 -355 -423.0 -435.6 -452.07 -456.7 -189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -9.4 -387.4 -423.4 -441 -457.6 -99.4

4.66 u,d 4.20 u,d 3.82 u,d 2.95 u,d 2.09 u,d 2.09 u,d 2.10 u,d 1.684 u,d 1.29 u,d 1.293 u,d 0.920 u,d 0.571 u,d 0.58 u,d 0.301 u,d 8.4 u,d 0.14 u,d 0.132 u,d 3.800E-02 u,d 1.500E-02 u,d 1.68E-02 u,d 4.800E-03 u,d 6.000E-04 u,d 1.20E-02 u,d 7.2 u,d

-113 -123 -133 -153 -173 -173 -173 -183 -193 -193 -203 -213 -213 -223 -23 -233 -233 -243 -248 -253 -253 -258 -272 -53

-171 -189.4 -207 -243 -279.4 -279.4 -279.4 -297 -315.4 -315.4 -333 -351.4 -351.4 -369.4 -9.4 -387.4 -387.4 -405 -414 -423.4 -423.4 -432 -457.6 -63

77 4.2 77 4.2 111.6 90.31 77.4 63.5 58 20.4 14 4.22 1.65 150 100 80 60 250 40 20 10 1 200

Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Single crystal Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

160 150 140 120 100 100 100 90 80 80 70 60 60 50 250 40 40 30 25 20 20 15 1 220

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

94 18 94 94 18 94 94 94 18 94 94 94 18 94 94 18 94 94 94 18 94 94 18 94

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu

7.75E-03 u 6.99E-03 u 6.35E-03 u 4.90E-03 u 3.48E-03 u 3.48E-03 u 3.50E-03 u 2.80E-03 u 2.15E-03 u 2.15E-03 u 1.53E-03 u 9.50E-04 u 9.71E-04 u 5.00E-04 u 1.400E-02 u 2.39E-04 u 2.20E-04 u 6.30E-05 u 2.50E-05 u 2.8E-05 u 8.00E-06 u 1.00E-06 u 2.0E-05 u 1.200E-02 u

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Superconductivity / 181

Table 6.1 Volume Resistivity at Low and Superconducting Temperatures Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Temperature oF Kelvin

Notes

Reference

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper Cu Cu Cu Cu

1.060E-02 u 1.046E-02 u 9.20E-03 u 1.543E-02 u

6.38 u,d 6.29 u,d 5.5 u,d 9.28 u,d

-73 -73 -93 0

-100 -99.4 -135 32

200 200 180 273

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

94 18 94 18

8.430E-02 u 5.280E-02 u 3.070E-02 u 1.990E-02 u 8.60E-03 u 2.6E-05 u 0.122 u 0.187 u

50.71 u,d 31.76 u,d 18.47 u,d 11.97 u,d 5.17 u,d 0.02 u,d 73.39 u,d 112.49 u,d

-123 -173 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 0

-189.4 -279.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 32

150 100 60 40 20 1 200 273

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

3.720E-02 u 1.730E-02 u 3.45E-03 u 7.4E-04 u 1.2E-04 u 5.710E-02 u 8.530E-02 u

22.38 u,d 10.41 u,d 2.08 u,d 0.45 u,d 0.07 u,d 34.35 u,d 51.31 u,d

-123 -173 -213 -233 -253 -73 0

-189.4 -279.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -99.4 32

150 100 60 40 20 200 273

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18

5.270E-02 u 3.360E-02 u 1.940E-02 u 1.210E-02 u 4.44E-03 u 1.31E-04 u 7.490E-02 u 0.115 u

31.70 u,d 20.21 u,d 11.67 u,d 7.28 u,d 2.67 u,d 0.08 u,d 45.05 u,d 69.18 u,d

-123 -173 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 0

-189.4 -279.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 32

150 100 60 40 20 1 200 273

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

1.840E-02 u 9.10E-03 u 5.57E-03 u 2.61E-03 u 7.4E-04 u 1.23E-04 u 6.2E-05 u 2.750E-02 u

11.07 u,d 5.47 u,d 3.35 u,d 1.57 u,d 0.45 u,d 0.07 u,d 0.04 u,d 16.54 u,d

-123 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73

-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4

150 100 80 60 40 20 1 200

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

0.143 u 8.850E-02 u 6.830E-02 u 4.860E-02 u 2.910E-02 u 9.40E-03 u 8.1E-04 u

86.02 u,d 53.24 u,d 41.08 u,d 29.23 u,d 17.50 u,d 5.65 u,d 0.49 u,d

-123 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272

-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6

150 100 80 60 40 20 1

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18

Low Melting, Cesium Cs Cs Cs Cs Cs Cs Cs Cs Low Melting, Lithium Li Li Li Li Li Li Li Low Melting, Rubidium Rb Rb Rb Rb Rb Rb Rb Rb Magnesium, Wrought, Unclassified Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Miscellaneous, Barium Ba Ba Ba Ba Ba Ba Ba

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

182 / Electrical Properties

Table 6.1 Volume Resistivity at Low and Superconducting Temperatures Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Temperature oF Kelvin

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous, Barium Ba Ba

0.202 u 0.302 u

121.51 u,d 181.66 u,d

-73 0

-99.4 32

200 273

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18

1.560E-02 u 9.10E-03 u 6.50E-03 u 4.00E-03 u 1.75E-03 u 6.0E-04 u 4.5E-04 u 2.190E-02 u

9.38 u,d 5.47 u,d 3.91 u,d 2.41 u,d 1.05 u,d 0.36 u,d 0.27 u,d 13.17 u,d

-123 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73

-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4

150 100 80 60 40 20 1 200

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

1.36 u 1.32 u 1.32 u 1.31 u 1.16 u 0.54 u 0.189 u 7.020E-02 u 1.39 u

818.08 u,d 794.02 u,d 794.02 u,d 788.00 u,d 697.78 u,d 324.83 u,d 113.69 u,d 42.23 u,d 836.13 u,d

-123 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -263 -272 -73

-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -441 -457.6 -99.4

150 100 80 60 40 20 10 1 200

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

2.990E-02 u 1.790E-02 u 9.00E-03 u 4.80E-03 u 1.17E-03 u 8.0E-06 u 4.260E-02 u

17.99 u,d 10.77 u,d 5.41 u,d 2.89 u,d 0.70 u,d 0.00 u,d 25.63 u,d

-123 -173 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73

-189.4 -279.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4

150 100 60 40 20 1 200

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18

2.030E-02 u 1.160E-02 u 4.47E-03 u 1.72E-03 u 1.5E-05 u 9.0E-06 u

12.21 u,d 6.98 u,d 2.69 u,d 1.03 u,d 0.01 u,d 0.01 u,d

-123 -173 -213 -233 -253 -272

-189.4 -279.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6

150 100 60 40 20 1

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18

6.840E-02 u 4.580E-02 u 3.640E-02 u 2.680E-02 u 1.700E-02 u 9.20E-03 u 8.00E-03 u 9.040E-02 u 0.123 u

41.14 u,d 27.55 u,d 21.90 u,d 16.12 u,d 10.23 u,d 5.53 u,d 4.81 u,d 54.38 u,d 73.99 u,d

-123 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 0

-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 32

150 100 80 60 40 20 1 200 273

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

Miscellaneous, Calcium Ca Ca Ca Ca Ca Ca Ca Ca Miscellaneous, Manganese Mn Mn Mn Mn Mn Mn Mn Mn Mn Miscellaneous, Potassium K K K K K K K Miscellaneous, Sodium Na Na Na Na Na Na Miscellaneous, Strontium Sr Sr Sr Sr Sr Sr Sr Sr Sr

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Superconductivity / 183

Table 6.1 Volume Resistivity at Low and Superconducting Temperatures Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Temperature oF Kelvin

Notes

Reference

Nickel, Nickel, Unclassified Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni

2.210E-02 u 9.60E-03 u 5.45E-03 u 2.42E-03 u 6.8E-04 u 1.40E-04 u 3.2E-05 u 3.670E-02 u

13.29 u,d 5.77 u,d 3.28 u,d 1.46 u,d 0.41 u,d 0.08 u,d 0.02 u,d 22.08 u,d

-123 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73

-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4

150 100 80 60 40 20 1 200

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

1.061E-02 u 6.50E-03 u 4.81E-03 u 3.08E-03 u 1.41E-03 u 3.5E-04 u 2.2E-04 u 1.462E-02 u 2.051E-02 u

6.38 u,d 3.91 u,d 2.89 u,d 1.85 u,d 0.85 u,d 0.21 u,d 0.13 u,d 8.79 u,d 12.34 u,d

-123 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 0

-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 32

150 100 80 60 40 20 1 200 273

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

4.800E-02 u 1.750E-02 u 9.38E-03 u 3.34E-03 u 5.63E-04 u 2.00E-04 u 6.880E-02 u 9.780E-02 u

28.87 u,d 10.53 u,d 5.64 u,d 2.01 u,d 0.34 u,d 0.12 u,d 41.39 u,d 58.83 u,d

-123 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 0

-189.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 32

150 80 60 40 20 1 200 273

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

0.430 t

258.66 t,d

20

68

293

4.760E-02 u 2.755E-02 u 1.992E-02 u 1.107E-02 u 4.09E-03 u 4.84E-04 u 2.0E-05 u 6.770E-02 u 9.600E-02 u

28.63 u,d 16.57 u,d 11.98 u,d 6.66 u,d 2.46 u,d 0.29 u,d 1.20E-02 u,d 40.72 u,d 57.75 u,d

-123 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 0

-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 32

150 100 80 60 40 20 1 200 273

4.310E-02 t

25.93 t,d

20

68

293

58

2.180E-02 t

13.11 t,d

20

68

293

58

7.26E-03 u 4.18E-03 u

4.37 u,d 2.51 u,d

-123 -173

-189.4 -279.4

150 100

Noble, Gold, Unclassified Au Au Au Au Au Au Au Au Au Noble, Palladium, Unclassified Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Noble, Platinum, Electrical Contact CMW Elkonium 302

58

Noble, Platinum, Unclassified Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

Noble, Silver, Silver Gold CMW Elkonium 71 Noble, Silver, Silver Palladium CMW Elkonium 46 Noble, Silver, Unclassified Ag Ag

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

18 18

184 / Electrical Properties

Table 6.1 Volume Resistivity at Low and Superconducting Temperatures µΩ

Alloy-temper (UNS number)

.m

Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Temperature oF Kelvin

Notes

Reference

Noble, Silver, Unclassified Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag

2.89E-03 u 1.62E-03 u 5.39E-04 u 4.2E-05 u 1.0E-05 u 1.029E-02 u 1.467E-02 u

1.74 u,d 0.97 u,d 0.32 u,d 2.53E-02 u,d 6.02E-03 u,d 6.19 u,d 8.82 u,d

-193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73 0

-315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4 32

80 60 40 20 1 200 273

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18

0.67 u

403.03 u,d

-73

-99.4

200

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

La La

0.25 u 9.000E-02 u

150.38 u,d 54.14 u,d

-173 -260

-279.4 -436

100 13

18 18

La

0.50 u

300.77 u,d

-73

-99.4

200

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 98% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity

0.19 u

114.29 u,d

0

32

273

Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.1%pure

18

5.10E-03 u 1.33E-03 u 7.5E-04 u 6.7E-04 u 3.67E-04 u 3.36E-04 u 3.32E-04 u

3.07 u,d 0.80 u,d 0.45 u,d 0.40 u,d 0.22 u,d 0.20 u,d 0.20 u,d

-123 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272

-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6

150 100 80 60 40 20 1

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18

4.500E-02 u 1.600E-02 u 5.00E-03 u 0.118 u

27.07 u,d 9.62 u,d 3.00 u,d 70.98 u,d

-123 -173 -173 -23

-189.4 -279.4 -279.4 -9.4

150 100 100 250

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 94 18

9.300E-02 u

55.94 u,d

-173

-279.4

100

Pure metal, R depends on purity

18

0.1500 u 9.120E-02 u 6.750E-02 u 4.530E-02 u 2.520E-02 u 1.110E-02 u 1.00E-02 u

90.23 u,d 54.86 u,d 40.60 u,d 27.25 u,d 15.16 u,d 6.68 u,d 6.02 u,d

-123 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272

-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6

150 100 80 60 40 20 1

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18

11.97 u,d 5.16 u,d 1.24 u,d 0.27 u,d 0.02 u,d 0.00 u,d

-123 -173 -213 -233 -253 -272

-189.4 -279.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6

150 100 60 40 20 1

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18

Rare Earth, Cerium Ce Rare Earth, Lanthanum

18

Rare Earth, Thorium Th Refractory, Beryllium Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Refractory, Chromium Cr Cr Cr Cr

Refractory, Cobalt, Commercially Pure Co Refractory, Halfnium Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf

Refractory, Molybdenum, Unclassified Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo

1.990E-02 u 8.58E-03 u 2.06E-03 u 4.57E-04 u 2.61E-05 u 7.0E-06 u

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Superconductivity / 185

Table 6.1 Volume Resistivity at Low and Superconducting Temperatures Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µΩ

.m

Ω circular-mil/ft oC

Temperature oF Kelvin

Notes

Reference

Refractory, Tantalum Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta

6.190E-02 u 3.640E-02 u 2.620E-02 u 1.650E-02 u 7.51E-03 u 1.46E-03 u 1.02E-03 u

37.23 u,d 21.90 u,d 15.76 u,d 9.93 u,d 4.52 u,d 0.88 u,d 0.61 u,d

-123 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -263

-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -441

150 100 80 60 40 20 10

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18

2.090E-02 u 1.020E-02 u 2.66E-03 u 5.44E-04 u 1.96E-05 u 1.6E-07 u

12.57 u,d 6.14 u,d 1.60 u,d 0.33 u,d 0.01 u,d 0.00 u,d

-123 -173 -213 -233 -253 -272

-189.4 -279.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6

150 100 60 40 20 1

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18

8.200E-02 u 4.010E-02 u 2.410E-02 u 1.110E-02 u 3.04E-03 u 3.90E-04 u 1.45E-04 u

49.33 u,d 24.12 u,d 14.50 u,d 6.68 u,d 1.83 u,d 0.23 u,d 0.09 u,d

-123 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -263

-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -441

150 100 80 60 40 20 10

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18

Zr Zr Zr Zr

0.17800 u 9.790E-02 u 6.640E-02 u 0.10 u

107.07 u,d 58.89 u,d 39.94 u,d 60.15 u,d

-123 -173 -193 -200

-189.4 -279.4 -315.4 -328

150 100 80 73

18 18 18 18

Zr Zr Zr Zr

3.750E-02 u 1.440E-02 u 3.57E-03 u 2.50E-03 u

22.56 u,d 8.66 u,d 2.15 u,d 1.50 u,d

-213 -233 -253 -272

-351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6

60 40 20 1

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. 99.9% pure Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18

2.710E-02 u 2.200E-02 u 1.600E-02 u 1.150E-02 u 7.15E-03 u 3.06E-03 u 3.87E-04 u 1.00E-04 u 3.830E-02 u

16.30 u,d 13.23 u,d 9.62 u,d 6.92 u,d 4.30 u,d 1.84 u,d 0.23 u,d 0.06 u,d 23.04 u,d

-123 -160 -173 -193 -213 -233 -253 -272 -73

-189.4 -256 -279.4 -315.4 -351.4 -387.4 -423.4 -457.6 -99.4

150 113 100 80 60 40 20 1 200

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

Refractory, Tungsten, Unclassified W W W W W W Refractory, Vanadium V V V V V V V Refractory, Zirconium

Zinc, Miscellaneous Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

186 / Electrical Properties

Table 6.2 Critical Temperature for Superconductors Alloy-temper (UNS number)

K

Actinide, Protactinium Pa

1.4 u

Actinide, Uranium U

2.4 to 0.4 u

Condition

Notes

Reference

Pure metal, R depends on purity

65

Pressure: High pressure

Pure metal, R depends on purity

65

Aluminum, Wrought, 1xxx Commercially Pure Aluminum Al 1.98 to 0.075 u Pressure: High pressure Al 1.75 u

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

65 65

Lanthanide, Lutetium Lu Lu

0.022 to 1.0 u 0.1 u

Pressure: High pressure

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

65 65

Low Melting, Bismuth Bi

6.17 to 2.6 u

Pressure: High pressure

Pure metal, R depends on purity

65

Low Melting, Cadmium Cd Cd Cd

0.517 u 0.53 to 0.59 u 0.79 to 0.91 u

Form: Thin films Form: Thin films

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity. Ordered Pure metal, R depends on purity. Disordered

65 65 65

Low Melting, Gallium Ga

1.083 u

Pure metal, R depends on purity

65

Low Melting, Indium In

3.408 u

Pure metal, R depends on purity

65

Low Melting, Lead, Unclassified Pb Pb Pb Pb0.9Mo5.1S6 PbMo6S8

7.3 approx 1.8 to 7.5 u 7.196 u 14.4 u 14 to 15 approx

Magnetic induction: 0 T Pressure: High pressure

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

97 65 65 98 97

Low Melting, Mercury Hg

3.87 to 4.5 u

Pressure: High pressure

Pure metal, R depends on purity

65

Low Melting, Tin, Tin Lead 37.5Sn37.5Pb25In

4.5 to 5.4 u

Pressure: High pressure

Low Melting, Tin, Unclassified Sn Sn

3.5 to ~6 u 3.722 u

Pressure: High pressure

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

65 65

Miscellaneous, Antimony Sb

2.6 to 2.7 u

Pressure: High pressure

Pure metal, R depends on purity

65

Miscellaneous, Arsenic As

0.31 to 0.5 u

Pressure: High pressure

Miscellaneous, Barium BaII BaIII

~1 to 1.8 u 1.8 to 5 u

Pressure: High pressure Pressure: High pressure

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

65 65

Miscellaneous, Germanium Ge

5.35 u

Pressure: High pressure

Pure metal, R depends on purity

65

Miscellaneous, Phosphorus P

5.8 u

Pressure: High pressure

Pure metal, R depends on purity

65

Miscellaneous, Technetium Tc Tc

7.8 u 4.6 to 7.7 u

Form: Thin films

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

65 65

Miscellaneous, Thallium Tl

1.95 u

Pressure: High pressure

Pure metal, R depends on purity. Hexagonal form

65

Magnetic induction: 0 T

65

65

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Superconductivity / 187

Table 6.2 Critical Temperature for Superconductors Alloy-temper (UNS number)

K

Condition

Miscellaneous, Thallium Tl Tl

1.45 u 2.38 u

Noble, Iridium, Unclassified Ir Noble, Osmium, Unclassified Os Noble, Ruthenium Ru Rare Earth, Lanthanum La La

~5.5 to 12.9 u 3.55 to 6.74 u

Rare Earth, Thorium Th

1.38 u

Rare Earth, Yttrium Y YBa2Cu3O7

2.3 to 1.7 u 92 approx

Pressure: High pressure Magnetic induction: 0 T

Refractory, Beryllium Be Be

0.026 u 5 to 9.75 u

Form: Thin films

Pressure: High pressure

Reference

Pure metal, R depends on purity. Cubic form Pure metal, R depends on purity

65 65

0.1125 u

Pure metal, R depends on purity

65

0.66 u

Pure metal, R depends on purity

65

0.49 u

Pure metal, R depends on purity

65

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

65 65

Pure metal, R depends on purity

65

Pure metal, R depends on purity

65 97

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

65 65

Pure metal, R depends on purity

65

Pure metal, R depends on purity

65

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

97 65 65

Magnetic induction: 0 T Magnetic induction: 0 T

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

98 98 97 98 98 97 98 97 97

Form: Thin films

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

65 65

Pure metal, R depends on purity. Thin film Pure metal, R depends on purity

65 65

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

65 65

Pure metal, R depends on purity

65

Pressure: High pressure Form: Thin films

Refractory, Halfnium Hf 0.128 u Refractory, Molybdenum, Unclassified Mo 0.915 u Refractory, Niobium Nb Nb Nb

Notes

9.3 approx 9.25 u 2.0 to 10.1 u

Refractory, Niobium, Niobium Superconductor Nb-Ti 9u Nb3(Al0.7Ge0.3) 20.7 u Nb3Ge 23 approx Nb3N 15.7 u Nb3N 22.5 u Nb3N 16 to 18 approx Nb3Sn 18.0 u Nb3Sn 18 approx Nb45-50Ti 8.9 to 9.3 approx Refractory, Rhenium Re Re

1.697 u 1.7 to ~7 u

Refractory, Tantalum Ta Ta

<1.7 to 4.51 u 4.47 u

Refractory, Tungsten, Unclassified W W

0.0154 u <1.0 to 4.1 u

Refractory, Vanadium V

5.40 u

Magnetic induction: 0 T Form: Thin films

Magnetic induction: 0 T

Magnetic induction: 0 T

Pressure: High pressure

Form: Thin films

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

188 / Electrical Properties

Table 6.2 Critical Temperature for Superconductors Alloy-temper (UNS number)

K

Refractory, Vanadium V V3Ga V3Si

1.8 to 6.02 u 14.8 u 16.9 u

Refractory, Zirconium Zr

0.61 u

Titanium, Titanium, Unclassified Ti Ti

0.40 u 1.3 max

Zinc, Miscellaneous Zn Zn

0.85 u 0.77 to 1.70 u

Condition Form: Thin films

Notes

Reference

Pure metal, R depends on purity

65 98 98

Pure metal, R depends on purity

65

Form: Thin films

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

65 65

Form: Thin films

Pure metal, R depends on purity Pure metal, R depends on purity

65 65

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Superconductivity / 189

Table 6.3 Critical Fields of Superconductors Alloy-temper (UNS number)

Thermodynamic Critical Field, T

Low Melting, Lead, Unclassified Pb0.9Mo5.1S6 PbMo6S8 Rare Earth, Yttrium YBa2Cu3O7

Refractory, Niobium Nb

4.8 u

4.2 K

98 97

> 200 approx

4.2 K

At mu zero H sub c2, measured with field parallel to a-b plane

97

60 approx

4.2 K

At mu zero H sub c2, measured with field parallel to c-axis

97

0.41 approx

4.2 K

Pure metal, R depends on purity. At mu zero H sub c2

97

0.9 u

4.2 K

98

3.3 u

4.2 K

98

36 to 41 approx

4.2 K

Pure metal, R depends on purity. At mu zero H sub c2

97

0.8 u

4.2 K

Pure metal, R depends on purity

98

2.9 u

4.2 K

Pure metal, R depends on purity

98

4.2 K

Pure metal, R depends on purity. At mu zero H sub c2

97

4.2 K

Pure metal, R depends on purity

98

19 to 25 approx

4.2 K

Pure metal, R depends on purity. A mu zero H sub c2

97

10.5 to 11.0 approx

4.2 K

Pure metal, R depends on purity. At mu zero H sub c2

97

20 to 35 approx Nb3Sn

V3Si

Reference

At mu zero H sub c2

Nb3N

Refractory, Vanadium V3Ga

Notes

4.2 K

Nb3(Al0.7Ge0.3)

Nb45-50Ti

Kelvin

40 to 55 approx

Refractory, Niobium, Niobium Superconductor Nb-Ti

Nb3Ge

Field Strength H c x 10 -7 A/m

2.1 u

1.9 u

4.2 K

98

1.8 u

4.2 K

98

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

190 / Electrical Properties

Table 6.4 Critical Current Density for Superconductors Alloy-temper (UNS number)

J c , kA/mm2

Kelvin

Notes

Reference

Low Melting, Lead, Unclassified PbMo6S8

0.8 approx

5T

At 4.2 K

97

1 approx

0T

At 77 K, thin film

97

Rare Earth, Yttrium YBa2Cu3O7

Refractory, Niobium, Niobium Superconductor Nb3Ge

10 approx

5T

Pure metal, R depends on purity. At 4.2 K

97

Nb3N

10 approx

0T

Pure metal, R depends on purity. At 4.2 K

97

Nb3Sn

10 approx

5T

Pure metal, R depends on purity. At 4.2 K

97

Nb45-50Ti

3 approx

5T

Pure metal, R depends on purity. At 4.2 K

97

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

ASM Ready Reference Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Charles Moosbrugger, editor, p193-195 DOI: 10.1361/empm2000p193

Copyright © 2000 ASM International® All rights reserved. www.asminternational.org

Chapter 7

Introduction to Magnetic Properties when measured in the two unit systems also can cause confusion. A review of fundamentals is helpful in ameliorating the situation.

Magnetic Fundamentals The Curie temperature (TC) is the temperature at which ferromagnetic materials can no longer be magnetized by outside forces and the temperature at which they lose their residual magnetism. Above this temperature, the ferromagnetics become paramagnetic.

Magnetic Field Strength (H) The space around a moving charge is altered by such a change in current density. A magnetic field exists and is quantified by H, the magnetic field strength. The SI unit is amps per meter (A/m), and the customary unit is oersted (Oe). Oersted discovered the relationship between moving charges and magnetism. The unit A/m is defined in terms of the magnetic field produced in a long, uniformly wound solenoid, with N turns of wire per meter carrying current a current of I amps. The magnetic field strength in the center would

be H = NI/m (Fig. 7.1). A long solenoid is specified because the field is not uniform at the end, but H is uniform through the length if the winding is uniform. The magnetic field would be the same if fewer and larger conductors were carrying a greater current, or if more smaller conductors were each carrying less current, so long as the product NI is the same. The term ampere-turn per meter is used often to describe the magnetic field strength in recognition of this equivalency. The cgs-emu unit, oersted, relates to a field produced by two poles having a strength such that two magnetic poles have a repulsive force of 1 dyne at a distance of 1 cm. The cgs-emu field unit was represented as that field in a sphere of 1 unit radius surrounding a unit pole. The surface area of the unit sphere is 4π. This factor appears often in magnetic units. The solenoid that would have field strength of 1 Oe would have 10/4π A/cm in the coil. Therefore, the conversion factor is 1 Oe = 10/4π A/cm (m/100 cm) = 1000/4π A/m = 79.57747A/m. The field strengths for the SI and customary unit system are often listed by sources as differing by a factor of 80. A bar-type permanent magnet can create an identical external field to that of the solenoid (Fig. 7.2). Other Magnetic Field Strengths. Various peak values of H are defined depending on the

I

H

× × × × × × × × × × × × × ×

MAGNETISM ARISES as the result of moving charges, either on the atomic level or on a larger scale. This movement of charge establishes a magnetic field. Most materials do not interact with the magnetic field in which they are placed to any great extent, but certain classes of materials interact significantly. These materials, called ferromagnetic materials, are predominantly alloys of iron, cobalt, and nickel. Magnetic materials often are classified as being either hard or soft. Magnetically hard alloys are ferromagnetic alloys capable of being magnetized permanently because of their ability to retain induced magnetization and magnetic poles after removal of the externally applied field. These alloys have a high coercive force. The name is based on the fact that the quality of the early permanent magnets was related to their hardness. The permanent magnets had been made of hardened steels. Many of the steels first used for permanent magnets were tool steels. A major advancement came in 1917 when the Japanese discovered the magnetic properties of cobalt steels (Ref 1). Since that time, iron-nickel-copper, Cunife, nickel-iron-aluminum, Alnico, cobalt and rare-earth alloys, and hard ferrites (ceramics) have been most widely used. Data for these materials are found in Chapter 9. Magnetically soft alloys are ferromagnetic alloys that become magnetized readily upon application of a field and that return to practically a nonmagnetic condition when the field is removed. Such alloys have high magnetic permeability, low coercive force, and low magnetic hysteresis loss. Chapter 8 contains data on these alloys. They are useful in applications needing time-varying magnetic fields, such as motors, generators, transformers, and relays. At first, distinguishing magnetic properties can seem to be a daunting task because of the subtle differences between some of the terms. The task is complicated by the basic differences in the two most commonly used systems of units, the SI and cgs-emu unit systems. The large differences in the values of the properties

NI/m I

Fig. 7.1

Magnetic field in a long solenoid. If NI/m = 79.57747 A/m, the field in the center of the solenoid would be 1 Oe.

194 / Magnetic Properties

• Bm: Maximum value of B on a dc hysteresis loop

• Bmax: Maximum value of B on an ac flux current loop S

Fig. 7.2

Note that Bm and Hm occur at the same time on the hysteresis loop, while in the cyclic ac flux current loop, Bmax occurs after Hmax. If so stipulated by the source, the qualifier indicates ac or dc to contrast Bm and Bmax. These values are listed sometimes as minimum peak values, indicating in a specification that these are the smallest maximum values that will satisfy the specification. Note also that there are often large differences between the typical maximum induction and the guaranteed value.

H

N

Field of bar type permanent magnet is identical to external field of solenoid.

Bm

B

Magnetic Permeability

B µ 0H D 0

0

0 0

m0H

Fig. 7.3

B-versus-H curve for the solenoid in Fig. 7.1 (units arbitrary)

method of determining that peak value. It can be determined by the peak value of the exciting current, or it can be the computed peak value of the magnetizing current from the assumption that the rms current is sinusoidal. Other magnetic field strength definitions include:

• Hd, demagnetizing field strength: The field • •

strength required to reduce the induction in a magnetized body Hm: The maximum value of field strength in a dc hysteresis loop Hmax: The maximum value in an ac current loop curve

Magnetic Induction (B) Magnetic induction, also called the flux density, is the strength of the induced field that permeates space near a magnet or magnetic coil: B = µ0µr H

where µ0 is the magnetic permeability of free space (vacuum), and µr is the relative permeability of a material that is placed in the H field. Note that in the ASTM definitions, the magnetic permeability of unoccupied space (vacuum) is symbolized by µv and is identical to Γm, which is called the magnetic field constant (in ASTM standards, µ0 is the initial permeability). B is measured by the force experienced by an element of an electric current or by the electromotive force (emf) induced in a test coil due to a

Fig. 7.4

µ 0H

Hm

B-versus-H curve for a virgin iron bar in the solenoid field. Vertical scale represents values

102 to 104 times those of Fig. 7.3.

change in the flux. B is a vector quantity and also is described in terms of the flux per unit area: B = ϕ/A

B has the unit of tesla (T) in the SI system and gauss (G) in the alternate cgs-emu system. A tesla is a Weber/meter2 (Wb/m2), which is equivalent to a volt per second/m2. A tesla is 10 kilogauss (kG), or 10,000 G. Other Magnetic Inductions. Magnetic induction is a fundamental term. There are several magnetic inductions that relate to the induction or flux density that remains in a material after the magnetizing field has been reduced to zero. Residual induction (Br) is the magnetic induction corresponding to the H field being zero, under cyclic conditions. Remanent induction (Bd) is the magnetic induction when the H field is removed from a magnetic circuit. When there are no inhomogeneities, such as air gaps, Br = Bd; if there are inhomogeneities, Bd < Br. The maximum value of Br is called retentivity (Brs), which is associated with the saturation induction (Bs). Remanence (Bdm) is the maximum value of the Bd. When there are no inhomogeneities, such as air gaps, Brs = Bdm; if there are inhomogeneities, Bdm < Brs. In the tables for residual induction, the qualifier “max” indicates retentivity. Remanent and remanence are not given because they are beyond strictly material properties. Maximum values of magnetic induction are given in the maximum magnetic induction tables. The values reported are as follows:

Magnetic permeability is a generic term that represents a number of different measured properties. ASTM A 340-96, “Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing,” is an essential source for anyone conducting permeability tests or trying to interpret them. The standard lists nine ac permeabilities and 12 dc permeabilities. Magnetic permeability, dc (µ), is the ratio of the magnetic induction, B, to the magnetic field strength, H, under defined conditions. It expresses the relationship between B and H in the expression B = µH. Figure 7.3 shows the relationship between B and H is linear in the air core solenoid. If a virgin iron bar were placed in the solenoid, the H field could be controlled to be the same values as before since it is dependent only on the current. The B field would now be much larger, and the B-versus-H curve would now be as shown in Fig. 7.4. The curve is now nonlinear, and B will reach some maximum value. Because of the nonlinearity of magnetic materials, the magnetic permeability must be given at a stated value of either B or H. As noted earlier, µ0 is the magnetic permeability of free space (vacuum), µr is the relative permeability of a material that is placed in the H field, and B = µ0µrH; hence, µ = µ0µr. In the alternate cgs-emu system, µ0 = 1, and so µ = µr;; the relative permeability is identical to the absolute permeability. In the SI system, µv ( µ0 above) is identical to Γm (µ0 is used in some sources to denote the initial permeability, which is the limiting value as the H field approaches zero.) Magnetic Constant or Permeability of Free Space (Γm). Γm = 4π10−7 H/m. (Note that this H is for henry, not the field H.) In the cgs-em system, Γm = 1 G/Oe: µabs = Γm µr

Henry (H) is the unit of induction (not the field H). H/m = Wb turn/A/m. However, a tesla is Wb/m2, so H/m = Tm/A or T/(A/m), which are units of B/H in the SI system.

Introduction to Magnetic Properties / 195 Relative Permeability (µr). In either system, the relative permeability (µr) is a pure number (unitless) and, hence, identical in value. Ferromagnetic materials have relative permeability values on the order of 102 to 106. Nonmagnetic materials will have permeability µr on the order of 1.00000 ± 0.00001; therefore, the difference between B and H is 1 part in 10−5. A more convenient parameter to use in this case is the magnetic susceptibility (κ). Susceptibility (κ). The nature of the ability of a material to interact with a magnetic field is expressed as susceptibility (κ), which is closely related to the permeability: κ = µr – 1

In the cgs-emu units, κ = (µr – 1)/4π, where κ is unitless. In free space, κ = 0. If κ is slightly positive, the material is paramagnetic; if slightly negative, it is diamagnetic. Ferromagnetic materials have large positive values such that the difference between κ and µr is insignificant. The value range is up to 1,000,000. Diamagnetic materials will have a negative value of κ, whereas paramagnetic materials have a slightly positive value of κ.

B

B

(H m, B m )

(H m, B m )

Br H

H (a)

(b)

directly opposite the original force in order to reduce the magnetic flux density (B) to zero. In ferromagnetic materials, this force is low, thus allowing these materials practical application to ac apparatus. In permanent magnetic materials, Hc is high, thus allowing permanent magnets to maintain themselves. Demagnetizing forces include the earth’s field, and in the case of permanent magnetic motors and generators, short circuits and normal induced magnetism. The coercive force needed to reduce the intrinsic magnetic induction (Bi) to zero is the intrinsic coercive force (Hci). These values are given in the same tables as Hc and are labeled “intrinsic” as a qualifier. Coercivity (Hcs) is the maximum Hc of a material. It is the field strength required to reduce the magnetic flux density from saturation (Bs) to zero. Hcs is listed in the coercive force tables qualified as “max.” Weber (Wb) is the SI unit of flux equal to a volt per second. The relationship between the preferred SI units and alternate, customary cgs-emu units is summarized in Table 1.

• Permeability, ac, rms, impedance, (µz): The

•

•

ratio of the measured peak value of magnetic induction B to the calculated peak value of H determined from the Irms value of the total exciting current. H peak = 1.414 Irms. Permeability, ac peak (µp): The ratio of the measured maximum value of the magnetic induction to the peak value of the magnetic field strength calculated from measuring the peak value of the exciting current. Permeability, ac inductance, (µL): This permeability is evaluated from measuring a parallel inductance of the electric circuit that is considered to carry the magnetizing current exclusively.

REFERENCES

Coercive force (Hc) is a measure of the magnetic retentivity of the material. Hc is the magnetizing force that is required to be applied

B

B

Hysteresis Curve. A look at a hysteresis curve will point out that a given value of H or B may have two values of the other variable, so the history of the material is important as well. The history of a virgin iron bar placed in the solenoid is shown in the development of the hysteresis curve in Fig. 7.5. From the preceding discussion, it is seen that µ is also unitless in the cgs-emu system, while in the SI system, the units are B/H, which is µ = µvµ r or Γmµ r. The value of Γm is 4π ⋅ 10−7 H/m; therefore, µ also has those units (this H is for henry, not the field H). A H/m = Wb turn/Amp/meter. But a tesla is Wb/m2, so H/m = Tm/A or T/(A/m), which are units of B/H in the SI system. Magnetic permeability, ac, is also generic, and the method of determining B and/or H determines the specific permeability. The most widely reported parameters include:

1. F.G. Spreadbury, Permanent Magnets, Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd., 1949

Br – Hc

H

H

Table 1

–Bm (c)

Comparison of magnetic units

(d) Property

Magnetic field strength B

B

Magnetic induction –Hc

Hc

H

H –Bm

(–Hm, –Bm) (e)

(f)

Development of hysteresis curve for an iron bar. (a) Current increases in solenoid. (b) Current reduced to 0. (c) Reverse current increased until bar is demagnetized. (d) Reverse current increased until saturation. (e) Reverse current reduced to 0, and then current increased in original direction until B = 0. Curve width (–Hc–Hc ) is ideally narrow for soft magnets and wide for permanent magnets. (f) Current increased until saturation is reached. Near saturation, the hysteresis loop may be inside the original magnetizing line.

Fig. 7.5

Magnetic induction, intrinsic Absolute dc permeability

Permeability of free space Magnetic constant Permeability, normal dc Permeability, relative Permeability, intrinsic Susceptibility

Susceptibility, mass Density

Symbol

SI

Customary (cgs-emu)

H (units) (Equals) (Equals) (Equals) B (units) (Equals) (Equals) Bi (formula) µabs (formula) (Units) (Equals) µ0, µv (assigned values) Γm (assigned values) µ (formula) µr (formula) µr (units) µi (formula) κ (formula)

amp (turn)/m 1 amp (turn)/m (1000/4π) amp (turn)/m 79.59 amp (turn)/m tesla (T) 1T 10–4 T B–Γm H ∆B/∆H T/(amp/m) = H/m H/m 4π 10 –7H/m 4π 10–7H/m B/H µabs/Γm Unitless µabs – Γm = Bi/H Bi /ΓmH = µr – 1

(Units) χ (formula) (Units) δ (equals)

Unitless κ/δ (cm3/g) kg/m3

oersted (Oe) 4π 10–3 Oe 1 Oe 1 Oe gauss (G) 10,000 G 1G B – Γm H ∆B/∆H G/Oe (1 4 π) 107 G/Oe 1 1 B/H µabs/Γm = µabs Unitless µabs – Γm = µabs – 1 Bi /4 πΓm H = (µr – 1)/4π Unitless κ/δ cm3/g 10–3 g/cm3

ASM Ready Reference Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Charles Moosbrugger, editor, p196-246 DOI: 10.1361/empm2000p196

Copyright © 2000 ASM International® All rights reserved. www.asminternational.org

Chapter 8

Magnetically Soft Materials MAGNETICALLY SOFT MATERIALS are those that are readily magnetized in a relatively low magnetic field and are equally easily demagnetized with a small residual magnetic induction. These characteristics suit their use in ac circuits. The basis of transformers, motors, and generators are time-varying induced magnetic fields. Relays, electromagnets, and magnetic shielding are other applications of these materials. The coercive force for these materials is typically from 0.16 to 400 A/m (0.002–5 Oe) (Ref 1). Magnetic properties of importance to ac applications include the following.

Magnetic core loss (Pc ) is the active power (watts) expended per unit mass of magnetic material in which there is a cyclically, normally sinusoidal, varying induction at a specified maximum induction (Bmax) at a specified frequency (f). The core loss is made up of eddy current and hysteresis losses. The core loss usually is reported at power frequencies, 50 and 60 Hz, and at the higher frequency, 400 Hz, which is used aboard aircraft. Hysteresis losses are a component of the core loss. The hysteresis loss (Wh) can be determined as the power expended for a single slow

path around the hysteresis curve. The power is proportional to the area enclosed by the B-H curve. This Wh is reported for alloys with the units of energy per unit volume of material per cycle (J/m3 or erg/cm3 per cycle). REFERENCES 1. D.W. Dietrich, Magnetically Soft Materials, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, Vol 2, ASM Handbook, 1990, p 761–781

Magnetically Soft Materials / 197

Table 8.1 Relative Permeability ( µ r ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Parameter Values Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µ r [unitless]

Parameter

SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Cast Iron, Miscellaneous Alten 50WR

9000 u

Magnetic field 8000 A/m (100 strength Oe) Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Cold-Rolled Magnetic Lamination

66

ASTM A726/A726M 47D200Semiprocessed

2100 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 47D230Semiprocessed

2200 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 47D270Semiprocessed

2550 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 47D330Semiprocessed

2600 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 47D380Semiprocessed

2600 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 56D230Semiprocessed

2200 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.56 mm (0.022 in.) thick. Epstein frequency kG, 60Hz) specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 56D260Semiprocessed

2300 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.56 mm (0.022 in.) thick. Epstein frequency kG, 60Hz) specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 56D310Semiprocessed

2650 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.56 mm (0.022 in.) thick. Epstein frequency kG, 60Hz) specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 56D380Semiprocessed

2650 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.56 mm (0.022 in.) thick. Epstein frequency kG, 60Hz) specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 56D440Semiprocessed

2650 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.56 mm (0.022 in.) thick. Epstein frequency kG, 60Hz) specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 64D260Semiprocessed

2300 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.025 in.) thick. Epstein frequency kG, 60Hz) specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 64D290Semiprocessed

2400 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.025 in.) thick. Epstein frequency kG, 60Hz) specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 64D360Semiprocessed

2650 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.025 in.) thick. Epstein frequency kG, 60Hz) specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 64D430Semiprocessed

2650 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.025 in.) thick. Epstein frequency kG, 60Hz) specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 64D490Semiprocessed

2650 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.025 in.) thick. Epstein frequency kG, 60Hz) specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 71D410Semiprocessed

2650 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.71 mm (0.028 in.) thick. Epstein frequency kG, 60Hz) specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 71D480Semiprocessed

2650 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.71 mm (0.028 in.) thick. Epstein frequency kG, 60Hz) specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 71D550Semiprocessed

2650 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.71 mm (0.028 in.) thick. Epstein frequency kG, 60Hz) specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 79D450Semiprocessed

2650 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.79 mm mm (0.031 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 79D540Semiprocessed

2650 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.79 mm (0.031 in.) thick. Epstein frequency kG, 60Hz) specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 79D610Semiprocessed

2650 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.79 mm mm (0.031 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

72

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

198 / Magnetic Properties

Table 8.1 Relative Permeability ( µ r ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Parameter Values Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µ r [unitless]

Parameter

SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Nickel-Iron Soft Magnetic ASTM A753 Type 1 K94490 (K94490)

35,000 max,smallest

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.). ASTM A34/A34M

73

ASTM A753 Type 1 K94490 (K94490)

4500 min

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.). ASTM A34/A34M

73

ASTM A753 Type 1 K94490 (K94490)

40,000 max,smallest

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) Bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d <=1 2.7 mm (0.500 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 1 K94490 (K94490)

55,000 max,smallest

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) Sheet, strip 1.52 mm (0.0600 in.) <= d <= 4.75 mm (0.187 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 1 K94490 (K94490)

5000 min

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) Bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d <=1 2.7 mm (0.500 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 1 K94490 (K94490)

7500 min

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) Sheet, strip 1.52 mm (0.0600 in.) <= d <= 4.75 mm (0.187 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 1 K94490 (K94490)

50,000 max,smallest

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) Sheet, strip 1.52 mm (0.0600 in.) <= d <= 4.75 mm (0.187 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 1 K94490 (K94490)

6000 min

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) Sheet, strip 1.52 mm (0.0600 in.) <= d <= 4.75 mm (0.187 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 2 K94840 (K94840)

60,000 max,smallest

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) Bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d <= 12.7 mm (0.500 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 2 K94840 (K94840)

90,000 max,smallest

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) Sheet, strip 1.52 mm (0.0600 in.) <= d <= 4.75 mm (0.187 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 2 K94840 (K94840)

8000 min

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) Sheet, strip 1.52 mm (0.0600 in.) <= d <= 4.75 mm (0.187 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 2 K94840 (K94840)

9000 min

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) Sheet, strip 1.52 mm (0.0600 in.) <= d <= 4.75 mm (0.187 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 2 K94840 (K94840)

6000 min

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.). ASTM A34/A34M

73

ASTM A753 Type 2 K94840 (K94840)

50,000 max,smallest

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Magnetically Soft Materials / 199

Table 8.1 Relative Permeability ( µ r ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Parameter Values Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µ r [unitless]

Parameter

SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Nickel-Iron Soft Magnetic ASTM A753 Type 2 K94840 (K94840)

7500 min

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) Bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d <= 12.7 mm (0.500 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 2 K94840 (K94840)

100,000 max,smallest

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) Sheet, strip 1.52 mm (0.0600 in.) <= d <= 4.75 mm (0.187 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Nonoriented Electrical Steel ASTM A677 36F145-Fully processed

700 to 1100 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 36F155-Fully processed

750 to 1150 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 36F165-Fully processed

800 to 1200 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 36F175-Fully processed

1000 to 1600 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 36F185-Fully processed

1000 to 1650 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 36F195-Fully processed

1000 to 1700 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 36F205-Fully processed

1000 to 2000 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 47F165-Fully processed

800 to 1200 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 47F180-Fully processed

800 to 1250 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 47F190-Fully processed

800 to 1650 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 47F200-Fully processed

800 to 1700 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 47F210-Fully processed

800 to 1750 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 47F240-Fully processed

900 to 2050 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 47F280-Fully processed

900 to 2150 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 47F400-Fully processed

1500 to 2250 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 47F450-Fully processed

1500 to 2400 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 64F200-Fully processed

800 to 1250 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 64F210-Fully processed

800 to 1300 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 64F225-Fully processed

800 to 1700 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

67

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

200 / Magnetic Properties

Table 8.1 Relative Permeability ( µ r ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Parameter Values Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µ r [unitless]

Parameter

SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Nonoriented Electrical Steel ASTM A677 64F235-Fully processed

800 to 1750 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 64F250-Fully processed

800 to 1800 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 64F275-Fully processed

900 to 2100 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 64F320-Fully processed

950 to 2200 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 64F500-Fully processed

1500 to 2300 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 64F550-Fully processed

1500 to 2500 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677M 36F320M-Fully processed

700 to 1100 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 36F342M-Fully processed

750 to 1150 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 36F364M-Fully processed

800 to 1200 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 36F386M-Fully processed

1000 to 1600 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 36F408M-Fully processed

1000 to 1650 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 36F430M-Fully processed

1000 to 1700 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 36F452M-Fully processed

1000 to 2000 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 47F364M-Fully processed

800 to 1200 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 47F397M-Fully processed

800 to 1250 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 47F419M-Fully processed

800 to 1650 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 47F441M-Fully processed

800 to 1700 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 47F463M-Fully processed

800 to 1750 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 47F529M-Fully processed

900 to 2050 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 47F617M-Fully processed

900 to 2150 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 47F882M-Fully processed

1500 to 2250 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 47F922M-Fully processed

1500 to 2400 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 64F1102M-Fully processed

1500 to 2300 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

68

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Magnetically Soft Materials / 201

Table 8.1 Relative Permeability ( µ r ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Parameter Values Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µ r [unitless]

Parameter

SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Nonoriented Electrical Steel ASTM A677M 64F1213M-Fully processed

1500 to 2500 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 64F441M-Fully processed

800 to 1250 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 64F463M-Fully processed

800 to 1300 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 64F496M-Fully processed

800 to 1700 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 64F518M-Fully processed

800 to 1750 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 64F551M-Fully processed

800 to 1800 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 64F606M-Fully processed

900 to 2100 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 64F705M-Fully processed

950 to 2200 t

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A683 47S175-Semiprocessed

1400 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 47S190-Semiprocessed

1600 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 47S200-Semiprocessed

1800 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 47S230-Semiprocessed

1900 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 47S250-Semiprocessed

2000 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 47S300-Semiprocessed

2100 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 64S200-Semiprocessed

1600 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 64S215-Semiprocessed

1800 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 64S230-Semiprocessed

2000 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 64S260-Semiprocessed

2100 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 64S290-Semiprocessed

2200 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 64S350-Semiprocessed

2300 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683M 47S386MSemiprocessed

1400 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 47S419MSemiprocessed

1600 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 47S441MSemiprocessed

1800 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

71

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

202 / Magnetic Properties

Table 8.1 Relative Permeability ( µ r ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Parameter Values Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µ r [unitless]

Parameter

SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Nonoriented Electrical Steel ASTM A683M 47S507MSemiprocessed

1900 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 47S551MSemiprocessed

2000 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 47S661MSemiprocessed

2100 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 64S441MSemiprocessed

1600 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 64S474MSemiprocessed

1800 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 64S507MSemiprocessed

2000 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 64S573MSemiprocessed

2100 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 64S639MSemiprocessed

2200 t,peak

Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 64S772M2300 t,peak Magnetic induction, 1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Semiprocessed frequency kG, 60Hz) Epstein specimens Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Oriented Electrical Steel

71

ASTM A876/876M 18G041-Fully processed

>1800 t

Magnetic field strength

796 A/m (10 Oe) Sheet, 0.18 mm mm (0.0070 in.) thick

86

ASTM A876/876M 23G045-Fully processed

>1800 t

Magnetic field strength

796 A/m (10 Oe) Sheet, 0.23 mm (0.0090 in.) thick

86

ASTM A876/876M 23H070-Fully processed

>1800 t

Magnetic field strength

796 A/m (10 Oe) Sheet, 0.23 mm (0.0090 in.) thick

86

ASTM A876/876M 23P060-Fully processed

>1880 t

Magnetic field strength

796 A/m (10 Oe) Sheet, 0.23 mm (0.0090 in.) thick

86

ASTM A876/876M 23Q054-Fully processed

>1880 t

Magnetic field strength

796 A/m (10 Oe) Sheet, 0.23mm (0.0090 in.) thick

86

ASTM A876/876M 27G051-Fully processed

>1800 t

Magnetic field strength

796 A/m (10 Oe) Sheet, 0.27 mm (0.0106 in.) thick

86

ASTM A876/876M 27H074-Fully processed

>1800 t

Magnetic field strength

796 A/m (10 Oe) Sheet, 0.27mm (0.0106 in.) thick

86

ASTM A876/876M 27P066-Fully processed

>1880 t

Magnetic field strength

796 A/m (10 Oe) Sheet, 0.27 mm (0.0106 in.) thick

86

ASTM A876/876M 27Q057-Fully processed

>1880 t

Magnetic field strength

796 A/m (10 Oe) Sheet, 0.27 mm (0.0106 in.) thick

86

ASTM A876/876M 30G058-Fully processed

>1800 t

Magnetic field strength

796 A/m (10 Oe) Sheet, 0.30 mm (0.0118 in.) thick

86

ASTM A876/876M 30H083-Fully processed

>1800 t

Magnetic field strength

796 A/m (10 Oe) Sheet, 0.30 mm (0.0118 in.) thick

86

ASTM A876/876M 35G066-Fully processed

>1800 t

Magnetic field strength

796 A/m (10 Oe) Sheet, 0.35 mm (0.0138 in.) thick

86

ASTM A876/876M 35H094-Fully processed

>1800 t

Magnetic field strength

796 A/m (10 Oe) Sheet, 0.35 mm (0.0138 in.) thick

86

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Magnetically Soft Materials / 203

Table 8.1 Relative Permeability ( µ r ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Parameter Values Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µ r [unitless]

Parameter

SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Unclassified Magnetically Soft Iron Airmelted magnetic iron-Annealed

7000 max

Temperature

RT

Bar. ASTM A 341 test

85

Airmelted magnetic iron-Annealed

8000 max

Temperature

RT

Bar. ASTM A 596 test

85

Airmelted magnetic iron-Annealed

11,000 max

Temperature

RT

Strip > 1 mm (0.040 in.). ASTM A 596 test

85

8000 max

Temperature

RT

Bar, strip >1mm (0.040 in.). ASTM A 341 test

85

Fe, vacuum-melted high purity17,000 max Temperature Annealed Nickel, Magnetically Soft Nickel, Unclassified Magnetically Soft Nickel

RT

Bar, strip >1mm (0.040 in.). ASTM A 596 test

85

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Unclassified Fe, vacuum-melted high purityAnnealed

45Ni-Fe-Annealed

7000 initial,t

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F)

45Ni-Fe-Annealed

90,000 max,t

Temperature

45Ni3MoFe-Annealed

6000 initial,t

Magnetic induction

45Ni3MoFe-Annealed

60,000 max,t

Temperature

49NiFe-Annealed

6100 initial,t

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) Annealed at 995 C (1750 F)

85

49NiFe-Annealed

14,000 initial,t

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) Annealed at 1065 C (1950 F)

85

49NiFe-Annealed

17,000 initial,t

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F)

85

49NiFe-Annealed

140,000 max,t

Temperature

RT

Annealed at 1065 C (1950 F)

85

49NiFe-Annealed

180,000 max,t

Temperature

RT

Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F)

85

49NiFe-Annealed

64,000 max,t

Temperature

RT

Annealed at 995 C (1750 F)

85

75Ni5Cu2CrFe-Annealed

85,000 initial,t

Magnetic induction

75Ni5Cu2CrFe-Annealed

375,000 max,t

Temperature

78.5NiFe-Annealed

50,000 initial,t

Magnetic induction

78.5NiFe-Annealed

300,000 max,t

Temperature

79Ni4MoFe-Annealed

90,000 initial,t

Magnetic induction

79Ni4MoFe-Annealed

400,000 max,t

Temperature

ASTM A753 Type 3 N14076 (N14076)

50,000 min

Magnetic induction

0.004 T (40 G) Sheet, strip 1.52 mm (0.0600 in.) <= d <= 4.75 mm (0.187 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 3 N14076 (N14076)

65,000 min

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) Sheet, strip 1.52 mm (0.0600 in.) <= d <= 4.75 mm (0.187 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 3 N14076 (N14076)

230,000 max,smallest

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) Sheet, strip 1.52 mm (0.0600 in.) <= d <= 4.75 mm (0.187 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 4 N14080 (N14080)

35,000 min

Magnetic induction

0.004 T (40 G) Sheet, strip 1.52 mm (0.0600 in.) <= d <= 4.75 mm (0.187 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

RT

85

Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F)

85

0.010 T (100 G) Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F)

85

RT

Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F)

0.004 T (40 G) Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F) RT

85

85

Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F)

85

0.004 T (40 G) Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F)

85

RT

Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F)

85

0.004 T (40 G) Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F)

85

RT

Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F)

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

85

204 / Magnetic Properties

Table 8.1 Relative Permeability ( µ r ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Parameter Values Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µ r [unitless]

Parameter

SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Nickel, Magnetically Soft Nickel, Unclassified Magnetically Soft Nickel ASTM A753 Type 4 N14080 (N14080)

35,000 min

Magnetic induction

0.004 T (40 G) Bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d <= 12.7 mm (0.500 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 4 N14080 (N14080)

35,000 min

Magnetic induction

0.004 T (40 G) All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.). ASTM A34/A34M

73

ASTM A753 Type 4 N14080 (N14080)

50,000 min

Magnetic induction

0.004 T (40 G) Sheet, strip 1.52 mm (0.0600 in.) <= d <= 4.75 mm (0.187 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 4 N14080 (N14080)

42,000 min

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) Bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d <= 12.7 mm (0.500 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 4 N14080 (N14080)

175,000 max,smallest

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 4 N14080 (N14080)

175,000 max,smallest

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) Bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d <= 12.7 mm (0.500 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 4 N14080 (N14080)

42,000 min

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) Sheet, strip 1.52 mm (0.0600 in.) <= d <= 4.75 mm (0.187 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 4 N14080 (N14080)

200,000 max,smallest

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) Sheet, strip 1.52 mm (0.0600 in.) <= d <= 4.75 mm (0.187 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 4 N14080 (N14080)

65,000 min

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) Sheet, strip 1.52 mm (0.0600 in.) <= d <= 4.75 mm (0.187 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 4 N14080 (N14080)

42,000 min

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.). ASTM A34/A34M

73

ASTM A753 Type 4 N14080 (N14080)

230,000 max,smallest

Magnetic induction

0.010 T (100 G) Sheet, strip 1.52 mm (0.0600 in.) <= d <= 4.75 mm (0.187 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

Nickel, Nickel, Iron Chromium Aluminum INCOLOY Alloy MA956 (S67956)

1.001 u

Magnetic field strength

15920 A/m (200 Superalloy. at 21.1 C (70 F) Oe)

61

INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601)

1.003 u

Magnetic field strength

15920 A/m (200 at 24.4 C (76 F) Oe)

61

INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601)

1.004 u

Magnetic field strength

15920 A/m (200 at -78.3 C (-109 F) Oe)

61

INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601)

1.016 u

Magnetic field strength

15920 A/m (200 at -195.6 C (-320 F) Oe)

61

Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Chromium

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Magnetically Soft Materials / 205

Table 8.1 Relative Permeability ( µ r ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Parameter Values Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µ r [unitless]

Parameter

SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Chromium INCONELAlloy 625 (N06625)

1.006 u

Magnetic field strength

15920 A/m (200 at 24.4 C (76 F) Oe)

61

INCONEL Alloy 725 (N07725)

< 1.001 u

Magnetic field strength

15920 A/m (200 Oe)

61

INCONEL Alloy MA754 (N07754)

1.001 u

Magnetic field strength

15920 A/m (200 at 21.1 C ( 70 F) Oe)

61

Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Molybdenum Carpenter Hipernom Alloy

60,000 min

Magnetic induction

0.004 T (40 G) All shapes. ASTM A 596

57

Carpenter HyMu "80" Alloy

50,000 u

Magnetic induction

0.004 T (40 G) Bar, wire

57

Carpenter HyMu "80" Alloy

200,000 max

Temperature

RT

Bar, wire

57

Refractory, Cobalt, Cobalt Chromium Haynes Stellite No. 4

1.2 max

Magnetic field strength

9280 A/m (116 Used in dry batteries Oe)

66

Covandur-Annealed

1700 max

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 CoFeV Oe)

66

Covandur-Unannealed

400 max

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 CoFeV Oe)

66

INCOLOY alloy 800 (N08800)

1.014 u

Magnetic field strength

15920 A/m (200 Superalloy. at 21.1 C ( 70 F) annealed Oe)

61

INCOLOY alloy 800 (N08800)

1.014 u

Magnetic field strength

15920 A/m (200 Superalloy. at 21.1 C (70 F) hot rolled Oe)

61

Refractory, Cobalt, Soft Magnetic Alloy

Steel, Alloy, Nickel

Steel, Alloy, Silicon 1% Si steel-Annealed

7700 max

Temperature

RT

ASTM A 341 test

85

1% Si steel-Annealed

14,800 max

Temperature

RT

ASTM A 596 test

85

1% Si steel, free machining-Annealed

9000 max

Temperature

RT

Bar. ASTM A 341 test

85

2.5 % Si steel-Annealed

18,000 max

Temperature

RT

ASTM A 596 test

85

2.5 % Si steel, free machiningAnnealed

10,000 max

Temperature

RT

Bar. ASTM A 341 test

85

2.5 % Si steel, free machiningAnnealed

14,000 max

Temperature

RT

Bar. ASTM A 596 test

85

4% Si steel-Annealed

18,500 max

Temperature

RT

ASTM A 596 test

85

3800 max

Temperature

RT

85

CH-20 (J93402)

1.71

Temperature

RT

64

CK-20 (J94202)

1.02

Temperature

RT

64

CN-7M (N08007)

1.01 to 1.1 u

Temperature

RT

64

CB30 (J91803)

Ferromagnetic

Temperature

RT

64

CC50 (J92615)

Ferromagnetic

Temperature

RT

64

Steel, Carbon Steel, Nonresulfurized 1010-Annealed (G10100) Steel, Cast Stainless, Austenitic

Steel, Cast Stainless, Ferritic

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

206 / Magnetic Properties

Table 8.1 Relative Permeability ( µ r ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Parameter Values Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µ r [unitless]

Parameter

SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Steel, Cast Stainless, Martensitic CA15 (J91150)

Ferromagnetic

Temperature

RT

64

CA40 (J91153)

Ferromagnetic

Temperature

RT

64

CF-12M

1.5 to 2.5

Temperature

RT

64

CF-8 (J92600)

1.0 to 1.3 u

Temperature

RT

64

CF-20 (J92602)

1.01 u

Temperature

RT

64

CF-16F (J92701)

1.0 to 2.0 u

Temperature

RT

64

CF-8C (J92710)

1.2 to 1.8

Temperature

RT

64

CF-8M (J92900)

1.5 to 2.5

Temperature

RT

64

CE-30 (J93423) Steel, Wrought Stainless, Austenitic

>1.5 u

Temperature

RT

64

330-Annealed (N08330)

1.02 approx

Temperature

RT

65

201-Annealed (S20100)

1.02 approx

Temperature

RT

65

202-Annealed (S20200)

1.02 approx

Temperature

RT

65

301-Annealed (S30100)

1.02 approx

Temperature

RT

65

302 (S30200)

1.02 approx

Temperature

RT

302B-Annealed (S30215)

1.02 approx

Temperature

RT

65

303-Annealed (S30300)

1.02 approx

Temperature

RT

65

304 (S30400)

1.02 approx

Temperature

RT

Superalloy

65

304L (S30403)

1.02 approx

Temperature

RT

Superalloy

65

S30430-Annealed (S30430)

1.02 approx

Temperature

RT

65

304N-Annealed (S30451)

1.02 approx

Temperature

RT

65

305-Annealed (S30500)

1.02 approx

Temperature

RT

65

309-Annealed (S30900)

1.02 approx

Temperature

RT

65

310 (S31000)

1.02 approx

Temperature

RT

Superalloy

65

314 (S31400)

1.02 approx

Temperature

RT

Superalloy

65

316 (S31600)

1.02 approx

Temperature

RT

Superalloy

65

316L-Annealed (S31603)

1.02 approx

Temperature

RT

65

316N-Annealed (S31651)

1.02 approx

Temperature

RT

65

317-Annealed (S31700)

1.02 approx

Temperature

RT

65

321 (S32100)

1.02 approx

Temperature

RT

Superalloy

65

347 (S34700)

1.02 approx

Temperature

RT

Superalloy

65

384-Annealed (S38400)

1.02 approx

Temperature

RT

Steel, Cast Stainless, Unclassified

Superalloy

65

65

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Ferritic ASTM A838/A838M Alloy 1 Grade 1Mill annealed

2300 t,max

()

Bar, HRB 75 to 82, 6.35 mm (0.250 in.) <= d <= 17.46 mm (0.6825 in.)

87

ASTM A838/A838M Alloy 2 Grade 1Mill annealed

2350 t,max

()

Bar, HRB 80 to 88, 6.35 mm (0.250 in.) <= d <= 17.46 mm (0.6825 in.)

87

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Magnetically Soft Materials / 207

Table 8.1 Relative Permeability ( µ r ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Parameter Values Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µ r [unitless]

Parameter

SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Ferritic 430-Annealed (S43000)

600 to 1100 approx

Temperature

RT

65

434-Annealed (S43400)

600 to 1100 approx

Temperature

RT

65

436-Annealed (S43600)

600 to 1100 approx

Temperature

RT

65

446-Annealed (S44600)

1000 max

Temperature

RT

446-Annealed (S44600)

400 to 700 approx

Temperature

RT

410 (S41000)

700 to 1000 approx

Temperature

RT

Superalloy

65

410-Annealed (S41000)

750 max

Temperature

RT

Superalloy. ASTM A 341 using Fahy permeameter

85

410-Heat Treated (S41000)

95 max

Temperature

RT

Superalloy. ASTM A 341 using Fahy permeameter

85

416-Annealed (S41600)

700 to 1000 approx

Temperature

RT

416-Annealed (S41600)

750 max

Temperature

RT

ASTM A 341 using Fahy permeameter

85

416-Heat Treated (S41600)

95 max

Temperature

RT

ASTM A 341 using Fahy permeameter

85

420-Annealed (S42000)

950 max

Temperature

RT

ASTM A 341 using Fahy permeameter

85

420-Heat Treated (S42000)

40 max

Temperature

RT

ASTM A 341 using Fahy permeameter

85

440B-Heat Treated (S44003)

62 max

Temperature

RT

ASTM A 341 using Fahy permeameter

85

ASTM A 341 using Fahy permeameter

85 65

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Martensitic

65

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Precipitation Hardening 14-4PH-A (J92240)

48 u

Magnetic field strength

15920 A/m (200 All wrought forms Oe)

64

14-4PH-A (J92240)

74 u

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 All wrought forms Oe)

64

14-4PH-A (J92240)

95 max

14-4PH-H1075 (J92240)

52 u

14-4PH-H1075 (J92240)

88 u

14-4PH-H1075 (J92240)

136 max

14-4PH-H1150 (J92240)

38 u

14-4PH-H1150 (J92240)

59 u

14-4PH-H1150 (J92240)

71 max

14-4PH-H900 (J92240)

56 u

14-4PH-H900 (J92240)

90 u

14-4PH-H900 (J92240)

135 max

Temperature

All wrought forms

64

Magnetic field strength

15920 A/m (200 All wrought forms Oe)

64

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 All wrought forms Oe)

64

Temperature

RT

All wrought forms

64

Magnetic field strength

15920 A/m (200 All wrought forms Oe)

64

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 All wrought forms Oe)

64

Temperature

RT

All wrought forms

64

Magnetic field strength

15920 A/m (200 All wrought forms Oe)

64

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 All wrought forms Oe)

64

Temperature

RT

RT

All wrought forms

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

64

208 / Magnetic Properties

Table 8.1 Relative Permeability ( µ r ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Parameter Values Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µ r [unitless]

Parameter

SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Precipitation Hardening 15-5PH-Annealed (S15500)

95 approx

Temperature

RT

17-4PH (S17400)

95 approx

Temperature

RT

65 Superalloy

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

65

Magnetically Soft Materials / 209

Table 8.2 Coercive Force ( H c ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Hc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

A/m

Oe

Parameter

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Cast Iron, Miscellaneous Type CC Meehanite-As cast

995 u,d

12.5 u

Temperature

RT

Corrosion resistant iron. As cast

66

RT

Fe-Co-V, all shapes

57

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Iron-Cobalt Electrical Steel Carpenter Hiperco Alloy 27

135 to 239 t

1.7 to 3.0 t

Temperature

Carpenter Hiperco Alloy 50A-Duplex treatment

48 t,d

0.6 t

Magnetic field 15920 A/m (200 Option 1-1.25 in. round bar strength Oe)

57

Carpenter Hiperco Alloy 50A-HT 1600F

32 t,d

0.4 t

Magnetic field 15920 A/m (200 Laminations or tape cores made strength Oe) from strip

57

Carpenter Hiperco Alloy 50A-HT 1600F

152 t,d

1.9 t

Magnetic field 15920 A/m (200 Standard bar strength Oe)

57

Carpenter Hiperco Alloy 50A-Slow 80 t,d Magnetic field 15920 A/m (200 Option 2-bar 1.0 t cool strength Oe) Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Iron-Cobalt Soft Magnetic

57

27Co0.6CrFe-Annealed

130 t

1.6 t

27Co0.6CrFe-Annealed

925 approx

1700 approx

2V49Co49Fe-Annealed

72 t

0.9 t

2V49Co49Fe-Annealed

970 approx

1775 approx

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

71.6 t

0.900 t

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 Ring, 0.35 mm (0.014 in.) Oe)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

159 t

2.00 t

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 Round bar, 13.5 mm (0.531 in.) Oe)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

240 t

3.0 t

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 Round bar, 12.7 mm (0.500 in.) Oe)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

135 t

1.70 t

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 Ring, 0.35 mm (0.014 in.) Oe)

74

Permendur V

72

0.9

Magnetic field strength Temperature Magnetic field strength Temperature

Temperature

8000 A/m (100 Strip, 0.15 mm (0.006 in.) <= t <= Oe) 0.5 mm (0.020 in.) RT

85

Strip, 0.15 mm (0.006 in.) <= t <= 0.5 mm (0.020 in.)

85

8000 A/m (100 Strip, 0.15 mm (0.006 in.) <= t <= Oe) 0.5 mm (0.020 in.)

85

RT

Strip, 0.15 mm (0.006 in.) <= t <= 0.5 mm (0.020 in.)

RT

85

66

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Nickel-Iron Soft Magnetic ASTM A753 Type 1 K94490 (K94490)

6.4 max

0.080 max

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Sheet, strip 1.52 mm (0.0600 in.) <= d <= 4.75 mm (0.187 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 1 K94490 (K94490)

6.4 max

0.080 max

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 1 K94490 (K94490)

6.4 max

0.080 max

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d <=1 2.7 mm (0.500 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 1 K94490 (K94490)

5.6 max

0.070 max

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Sheet, strip 1.52 mm (0.0600 in.) <= d <= 4.75 mm (0.187 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

210 / Magnetic Properties

Table 8.2 Coercive Force ( H c ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Hc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

A/m

Oe

Parameter

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Nickel-Iron Soft Magnetic ASTM A753 Type 2 K94840 (K94840)

5.6 max

0.070 max

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Sheet, strip 1.52 mm (0.0600 in.) <= d <= 4.75 mm (0.187 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 2 K94840 (K94840)

4.8 max

0.060 max

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Sheet, strip 1.52 mm (0.0600 in.) <= d <= 4.75 mm (0.187 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 2 K94840 (K94840)

5.6 max

0.070 max

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d <= 12.7 mm (0.500 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 2 K94840 (K94840)

6.0 max

0.075 max

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Silicon Core Iron Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "A"Annealed

72 t,d

0.90 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Test bar d = 9.53 mm (0.375 in.)

57

Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "A-FM"Annealed

56 to 64 t,d

0.70 to 0.80 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Test bar d = 9.53 mm (0.375 in.)

57

Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "B"Annealed

56 t,d

0.70 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Test bar d = 9.53 mm (0.375 in.)

57

Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "B-FM"Annealed

56 t,d

0.70 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Test bar d = 9.53 mm (0.375 in.)

57

Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "C"48 t,d Magnetic 1.0 T (10 kG) 0.60 t Annealed induction Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Unclassified Magnetically Soft Iron

Test bar d = 9.53 mm (0.375 in.)

57

Airmelted magnetic iron-Annealed

60 t

0.75 t

Magnetic induction

1.5 T (15 kG)

Bar. ASTM A 341 test

85

Airmelted magnetic iron-Annealed

48 t

0.60 t

Magnetic induction

1.5 T (15 kG)

Strip > 1 mm (0.040 in.). ASTM A 596 test

85

Airmelted magnetic iron-Annealed

68 t

0.85 t

Magnetic induction

1.5 T (15 kG)

Bar. ASTM A 596 test

85

0.40 t

Magnetic induction

1.5 T (15 kG)

Bar, strip >1mm (0.040 in.). ASTM A 341 test

85

Fe, vacuum-melted high purity20 t Magnetic 0.25 t Annealed induction Nickel, Magnetically Soft Nickel, Unclassified Magnetically Soft Nickel

1.5 T (15 kG)

Bar, strip >1mm (0.040 in.). ASTM A 596 test

85

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Unclassified Fe, vacuum-melted high purityAnnealed

32 t

45Ni-Fe-Annealed

4t

0.05 t

Temperature

RT

Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F)

85

45Ni3MoFe-Annealed

4.8 t

0.06 t

Temperature

RT

Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F)

85

49NiFe-Annealed

2.4 t

0.03 t

Temperature

RT

Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F)

85

49NiFe-Annealed

8t

0.10 t

Temperature

RT

Annealed at 995 C (1750 F)

85

49NiFe-Annealed

4t

0.05 t

Temperature

RT

Annealed at 1065 C (1950 F)

85

75Ni5Cu2CrFe-Annealed

0.4 t

0.005 t

Temperature

RT

Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F)

85

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Magnetically Soft Materials / 211

Table 8.2 Coercive Force ( H c ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Hc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

A/m

Oe

Parameter

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Nickel, Magnetically Soft Nickel, Unclassified Magnetically Soft Nickel 78.5NiFe-Annealed

1.0 t

0.013 t

Temperature

RT

Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F)

85

79Ni4MoFe-Annealed

0.3 t

0.004 t

Temperature

RT

Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F)

85

ASTM A753 Type 3 N14076 (N14076)

1.2 max

0.015 max

Magnetic induction

0.5 T (5 kG)

Sheet, strip 1.52 mm (0.0600 in.) <= d <= 4.75 mm (0.187 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 4 N14080 (N14080)

2.0 max

0.025 max

Magnetic induction

0.5 T (5 kG)

Sheet, strip 1.52 mm (0.0600 in.) <= d <= 4.75 mm (0.187 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 4 N14080 (N14080)

1.2 max

0.015 max

Magnetic induction

0.5 T (5 kG)

Sheet, strip 1.52 mm (0.0600 in.) <= d <= 4.75 mm (0.187 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 4 N14080 (N14080)

2.0 max

0.025 max

Magnetic induction

0.5 T (5 kG)

Bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d <= 12.7 mm (0.500 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

ASTM A753 Type 4 N14080 (N14080)

2.0 max

0.025 max

Magnetic induction

0.5 T (5 kG)

All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.). Test specimen ASTM A34/A34M; method A596/A596M, A773/A773M

73

Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Molybdenum Carpenter HyMu "80" Alloy

0.64 to 1.6 u,d 0.008 to 0.02 u

Magnetic field strength

80 A/m (1 Oe) All shapes

57

Carpenter HyMu "80" Alloy

1.6 max,d

0.02 max

Magnetic field strength

80 A/m (1 Oe) Bar, wire

57

Refractory, Cobalt, Soft Magnetic Alloy Covandur-Annealed

400 u,d

5.00 u

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 CoFeV Oe)

66

Covandur-Unannealed

720 u,d

9.0 u

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 CoFeV Oe)

66

Carpenter Chrome Core 8 & 8FM Alloys Steel, Alloy, Nickel

200 t

2.50 t

Temperature

RT

Carpenter "49" Alloy (K94840)

3.2 to 5.6 u,d

0.04 to 0.07 u

Magnetic induction

Carpenter "49" Alloy (K94840)

3.2 to 5.6 u,d

0.04 to 0.07 u

Carpenter "49" Alloy-Annealed 1450 F (K94840)

38 u,d

Carpenter "49" Alloy-Annealed 1600 F (K94840) Carpenter "49" Alloy-Annealed 1750 F (K94840)

Steel, Alloy, Chromium All shapes. ASTM A 341

57

1.0 T (10 kG)

Bar

57

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Strip 0.64 to 3.18 mm (0.025 to 1.25 in.) thick

57

0.48 u

Magnetic induction

1.3 T (13 kG)

Ring t = 1.52 mm (0.060 in.)

57

26 u,d

0.32 u

Magnetic induction

1.3 T (13 kG)

Ring t = 1.52 mm (0.060 in.)

57

14 u,d

0.18 u

Magnetic induction

1.3 T (13 kG)

Ring t = 1.52 mm (0.060 in.)

57

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

212 / Magnetic Properties

Table 8.2 Coercive Force ( H c ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Hc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

A/m

Oe

Parameter

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Steel, Alloy, Nickel Carpenter "49" Alloy-Annealed 2050 F (K94840)

4 u,d

0.05 u

Magnetic induction

1.3 T (13 kG)

Ring t = 1.52 mm (0.060 in.)

57

Carpenter "49" Alloy-Mill annealed (K94840)

68 u,d

0.85 u

Magnetic induction

1.3 T (13 kG)

Ring t = 1.52 mm (0.060 in.)

57

Carpenter "49" Alloy Rotor Grade (K94840)

4 to 4.8 u,d

0.05 to 0.06 u

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

57

Carpenter "49" Alloy Transformer Grade (K94840) Steel, Alloy, Silicon

4 to 4.8 u,d

0.05 to 0.06 u

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

57

1% Si steel-Annealed

32 t

0.40 t

Magnetic induction

1.5 T (15 kG)

ASTM A 596 test

85

1% Si steel-Annealed

44 t

0.55 t

Magnetic induction

1.5 T (15 kG)

ASTM A 341 test

85

1% Si steel, free machining-Annealed 40 t

0.50 t

Magnetic induction

1.5 T (15 kG)

Bar. ASTM A 341 test

85

2.5 % Si steel-Annealed

28 t

0.35 t

Magnetic induction

1.5 T (15 kG)

ASTM A 596 test

85

2.5 % Si steel, free machiningAnnealed

32 t

0.40 t

Magnetic induction

1.5 T (15 kG)

Bar. ASTM A 341 test

85

2.5 % Si steel, free machiningAnnealed

24 t

0.30 t

Magnetic induction

1.5 T (15 kG)

Bar. ASTM A 596 test

85

4% Si steel-Annealed

24 t

0.30 t

Magnetic induction

1.5 T (15 kG)

ASTM A 596 test

85

80 to 160 t

1.0 to 2.0 t

Magnetic induction

1.5 T (15 kG)

175 max

2.20 max

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Bar, 6.35 mm (0.250 in.) < d <= 41.28 mm (1.625 in.). Ring and permeameter test

87

ASTM A838/A838M Alloy 1 Grade 1- 143 t Mill annealed

1.80 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Bar, HRB 75 to 82, 6.35 mm (0.250 in.) <= d <= 17.46 mm (0.6825 in.)

87

ASTM A838/A838M Alloy 1 Grade 1- 239 max Mill annealed

3.00 max

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Bar, HRB 75 to 82, 17.46 mm (0.6825 in.) < d <= 41.28 mm (1.625 in.). Ring and permeameter test

87

ASTM A838/A838M Alloy 1 Grade 1- 183 max Mill annealed

2.30 max

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Bar, HRB 75 to 82, 6.35 mm (0.250 in.) <= d <= 17.46 mm (0.6825 in.). Ring and permeameter test

87

ASTM A838/A838M Alloy 1 Grade 2- 398 max Mill annealed

5.00 max

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Bar, HRB 82 to 91, 17.46 mm (0.6825 in.) < d <= 41.28 mm (1.625 in.). Ring and permeameter test

87

ASTM A838/A838M Alloy 1 Grade 2- 374 max Mill annealed

4.70 max

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Bar, HRB 82 to 91, 6.35 mm (0.250 in.) <= d <= 17.46 mm (0.6825 in.). Ring and permeameter test

87

Steel, Carbon Steel, Nonresulfurized 1010-Annealed (G10100)

85

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Ferritic ASTM A838/A838M Alloy 1 All Grades-Full Anneal

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Magnetically Soft Materials / 213

Table 8.2 Coercive Force ( H c ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Hc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

A/m

Oe

Parameter

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Ferritic ASTM A838/A838M Alloy 1 Grade 3- 557 max Unannealed, cold drawn

7.00 max

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Bar, 6.35 mm (0.250 in.) < d <= 41.28 mm (1.625 in.). Ring and permeameter test

87

ASTM A838/A838M Alloy 2 Grade 1- 207 max Mill annealed

2.60 max

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Bar, HRB 80 to 88, 6.35 mm (0.250 in.) <= d <= 17.46 mm (0.6825 in.). Ring and permeameter test

87

ASTM A838/A838M Alloy 2 Grade 1- 130 t Mill annealed

1.64 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Bar, HRB 80 to 88, 6.35 mm (0.250 in.) <= d <= 17.46 mm (0.6825 in.)

87

ASTM A838/A838M Alloy 2 Grade 1- 223 max Mill annealed

2.80 max

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Bar, HRB 80 to 88, 17.46 mm (0.6825 in.) < d <= 41.28 mm (1.625 in.). Ring and permeameter test

87

ASTM A838/A838M Alloy 2 Grade 2- 557 max Unannealed, cold drawn

7.00 max

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Bar, HRB 85 to 92, 17.46 mm (0.6825 in.) < d <= 41.28 mm (1.625 in.). Ring and permeameter test

87

Carpenter Chrome Core 12 & 12FM Alloys

200 t

2.50 t

Temperature

RT

All shapes. ASTM A 341

57

Carpenter Chrome Core 18FM Solenoid Quality Stainless

199 t

2.5 t

Temperature

RT

All shapes. IEC 404-1

57

Carpenter Stainless Type 430FR Solenoid Quality-Full anneal

95 to 200 t

1.2 to 2.5 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

All shapes. ASTM A 341

57

Carpenter Stainless Type 430FR Solenoid Quality-Mill annealed CG

95 to 200 t

1.2 to 2.5 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

All shapes. ASTM A 341

57

Carpenter Stainless Type 430FR Solenoid Quality-Mill annealed PG

320 to 440 t

4.0 to 5.5 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

All shapes. ASTM A 341

57

Carpenter Stainless Type 430FR Solenoid Quality-Unannealed

400 to 560 t

5.0 to 7.0 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

All shapes. ASTM A 341

57

Carpenter Stainless Type 430F 120 to 200 t Solenoid Quality-Full anneal (S43020)

1.5 to 2.5 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Test bar. ASTM A 341

57

Carpenter Stainless Type 430F Solenoid Quality-Mill annealed CG (S43020)

240 to 400 t

3.0 to 5.0 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Test bar, HRB 82 to 91. ASTM A 341

57

Carpenter Stainless Type 430F Solenoid Quality-Mill annealed CG (S43020)

120 to 200 t

1.5 to 2.5 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Test bar, HRB 75 to 82. ASTM A 341

57

Carpenter Stainless Type 430F Solenoid Quality-Mill annealed PG (S43020)

360 to 480 t

4.5 to 6.0 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Test bar. ASTM A 341

57

Carpenter Stainless Type 430F Solenoid Quality-Unannealed (S43020)

400 to 560 t

5.0 to 7.0 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Test bar. ASTM A 341

57

446-Annealed (S44600)

360

4.5

Temperature

RT

ASTM A 341 using Fahy permeameter

85

410-Annealed (S41000)

480

6

Temperature

RT

Superalloy. ASTM A 341 using Fahy permeameter

85

410-Heat Treated (S41000)

2900

36

Temperature

RT

Superalloy. ASTM A 341 using Fahy permeameter

85

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Martensitic

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

214 / Magnetic Properties

Table 8.2 Coercive Force ( H c ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Hc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

A/m

Oe

Parameter

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Martensitic 416-Annealed (S41600)

480

6

Temperature

RT

ASTM A 341 using Fahy permeameter

85

416-Heat Treated (S41600)

2900

36

Temperature

RT

ASTM A 341 using Fahy permeameter

85

420-Annealed (S42000)

800

10

Temperature

RT

ASTM A 341 using Fahy permeameter

85

420-Heat Treated (S42000)

3600

45

Temperature

RT

ASTM A 341 using Fahy permeameter

85

440B-Heat Treated (S44003)

5100

64

Temperature

RT

ASTM A 341 using Fahy permeameter

85

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Magnetically Soft Materials / 215

Table 8.3 Peak Induction ( B m , Bmax) of Magnetically Soft Material Families B m , B max Alloy-temper (UNS number) T

G

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Iron-Cobalt Electrical Steel Carpenter Hiperco Alloy 27

2.36 t

23,600 t

Temperature

RT

Fe-Co-V, all shapes

57

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Iron-Cobalt Soft Magnetic ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

2.20 min,as spec 22,000 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

15920 A/m (200 Oe) Bar, 25.4 mm (1 in.) < d <= 177.8 mm (7 in.). Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

2.28 min,as spec 22,800 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

15920 A/m (200 Oe) Strip. Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

2.20 min,as spec 22,000 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

15920 A/m (200 Oe) Bar, 12.7 mm (0.500 in.) <= d <= 25.4 mm (1 in.). Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

0.25 t

2500 t

Magnetic field strength

160 A/m (2 Oe)

Round bar, 13.5 mm (0.531 in.)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

1.35 t

13,500 t

Magnetic field strength

160 A/m (2 Oe)

Ring, 0.35 mm (0.014 in.)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

2.00 t

20,000 t

Magnetic field strength

1600 A/m (20 Oe)

Round bar, 13.5 mm (0.531 in.)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

1.75 min,as spec 17,500 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

1600 A/m (20 Oe)

Bar, 25.4 mm (1 in.) < d <= 177.8 mm (7 in.). Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

2.20 t

Magnetic field strength

1600 A/m (20 Oe)

Ring, 0.35 mm (0.014 in.)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

1.80 min,as spec 18,000 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

1600 A/m (20 Oe)

Bar, 12.7 mm (0.500 in.) <= d <= 25.4 mm (1 in.). Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

2.10 min,as spec 21,100 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

1600 A/m (20 Oe)

Strip. Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

1.95 t

19,500 t

Magnetic field strength

400 A/m (5 Oe)

Ring, 0.35 mm (0.014 in.)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

2.20 t

22,000 t

Magnetic field strength

4000 A/m (50 Oe)

Round bar, 13.5 mm (0.531 in.)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

2.00 min,as spec 20,000 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

4000 A/m (50 Oe)

Bar, 12.7 mm (0.500 in.) <= d <= 25.4 mm (1 in.). Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

2.23 t

Magnetic field strength

4000 A/m (50 Oe)

Ring, 0.35 mm (0.014 in.)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

2.20 min,as spec 22,000 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

4000 A/m (50 Oe)

Strip. Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

1.95 min,as spec 19,500 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

4000 A/m (50 Oe)

Bar, 25.4 mm (1 in.) < d <= 177.8 mm (7 in.). Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

2.25 t

22,500 t

Magnetic field strength

6000 A/m (75 Oe)

Round bar, 13.5 mm (0.531 in.)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

2.25 t

22,500 t

Magnetic field strength

6000 A/m (75 Oe)

Ring, 0.35 mm (0.014 in.)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

1.70 t

17,000 t

Magnetic field strength

800 A/m (10 Oe)

Round bar, 13.5 mm (0.531 in.)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

2.10 t

21,000 t

Magnetic field strength

800 A/m (10 Oe)

Ring, 0.35 mm (0.014 in.)

74

22,000 t

22,300 t

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

216 / Magnetic Properties

Table 8.3 Peak Induction ( B m , Bmax) of Magnetically Soft Material Families B m , B max Alloy-temper (UNS number) T

G

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Iron-Cobalt Soft Magnetic ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

1.60 min,as spec 16,000 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

800 A/m (10 Oe)

Bar, 12.7 mm (0.500 in.) <= d <= 25.4 mm (1 in.). Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

1.50 min,as spec 15,000 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

800 A/m (10 Oe)

Bar, 25.4 mm (1 in.) < d <= 177.8 mm (7 in.). Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

2.00 min,as spec 20,000 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

800 A/m (10 Oe)

Strip. Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

2.25 min,as spec 22,500 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 Oe) Strip. Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

2.15 min,as spec 21,500 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 Oe) Bar, 12.7 mm (0.500 in.) <= d <= 25.4 mm (1 in.). Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

2.15 min,as spec 21,500 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 Oe) Bar, 25.4 mm (1 in.) < d <= 177.8 mm (7 in.). Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

2.30 t

23,000 t

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 Oe) Ring, 0.35 mm (0.014 in.)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

2.30 t

23,000 t

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 Oe) Round bar, 13.5 mm (0.531 in.)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

2.12 min,as spec 21,200 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

11940 A/m (150 Oe) Bar, d < 6.35 mm (0.250 in.). Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

2.12 min,as spec 21,200 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

11940 A/m (150 Oe) Strip. Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

1.95 min,as spec 19,500 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

11940 A/m (150 Oe) Bar, 6.35 mm (0.250 in.) <= d <= 178 mm (7 in.). Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

2.17 min,as spec 21,700 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

15920 A/m (200 Oe) Bar, d < 6.35 mm (0.250 in.). Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

2.10 min,as spec 21,000 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

15920 A/m (200 Oe) Bar, 6.35 mm (0.250 in.) <= d <= 178 mm (7 in.). Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

2.17 min,as spec 21,700 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

15920 A/m (200 Oe) Strip. Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

0.50 t

5000 t

Magnetic field strength

160 A/m (2 Oe)

Ring, 0.35 mm (0.014 in.)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

1.70 t

17,000 t

Magnetic field strength

1600 A/m (20 Oe)

Ring, 0.35 mm (0.014 in.)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

1.40 t

14,000 t

Magnetic field strength

1600 A/m (20 Oe)

Round bar, 12.7 mm (0.500 in.)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

2.26 min,as spec 22,600 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

19844 A/m (250 Oe) Strip. Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

2.26 min,as spec 22,600 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

19844 A/m (250 Oe) Bar, d < 6.35 mm (0.250 in.). Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

2.20 min,as spec 22,000 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

19844 A/m (250 Oe) Bar, 6.35 mm (0.250 in.) <= d <= 178 mm (7 in.). Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

1.87 min,as spec 18,700 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

4000 A/m (50 Oe)

Bar, d < 6.35 mm (0.250 in.). Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

74

Magnetically Soft Materials / 217

Table 8.3 Peak Induction ( B m , Bmax) of Magnetically Soft Material Families B m , B max Alloy-temper (UNS number) T

G

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Iron-Cobalt Soft Magnetic ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

1.87 min,as spec 18,700 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

4000 A/m (50 Oe)

Strip. Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

1.92 t

19,200 t

Magnetic field strength

4000 A/m (50 Oe)

Ring, 0.35 mm (0.014 in.)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

1.85 t

18,500 t

Magnetic field strength

4000 A/m (50 Oe)

Round bar, 12.7 mm (0.500 in.)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

1.10 min,as spec 11,000 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

4000 A/m (50 Oe)

Bar, 6.35 mm (0.250 in.) <= d <= 178 mm (7 in.). Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

1.95 t

19,500 t

Magnetic field strength

6000 A/m (75 Oe)

Round bar, 12.7 mm (0.500 in.)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

2.10 t

21,000 t

Magnetic field strength

6000 A/m (75 Oe)

Ring, 0.35 mm (0.014 in.)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

1.10 t

11,000 t

Magnetic field strength

800 A/m (10 Oe)

Round bar, 12.7 mm (0.500 in.)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

1.35 t

13500 t

Magnetic field strength

800 A/m (10 Oe)

Ring, 0.35 mm (0.014 in.)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

2.15 t

21,500 t

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 Oe) Ring, 0.35 mm (0.014 in.)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

2.03 min,as spec 20,300 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 Oe) Bar, d < 6.35 mm (0.250 in.). Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

1.75 min,as spec 17,500 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 Oe) Bar, 6.35 mm (0.250 in.) <= d <= 178 mm (7 in.). Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

2.05 t

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 Oe) Round bar, 12.7 mm (0.500 in.)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

2.03 min,as spec 20,300 min,as spec

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 Oe) Strip. Test to ASTM A 341, A 596, A 773

74

20,500 t

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Silicon Core Iron Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "A"-Annealed

2.10 t

21,000 t

Temperature

RT

Test bar d = 9.53 mm (0.375 in.)

57

Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "A-FM"-Annealed

2.10 t

21,000 t

Magnetic field strength

15920 A/m (200 Oe) Test bar d = 9.53 mm (0.375 in.)

57

Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "B"-Annealed

2.06 t

20,600 t

Temperature

RT

Test bar d = 9.53 mm (0.375 in.)

57

Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "B-FM"-Annealed

2.06 t

20,600 t

Temperature

RT

Test bar d = 9.53 mm (0.375 in.)

57

Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "C"-Annealed

2.00 t,d

20,000 t

Temperature

RT

Test bar d = 9.53 mm (0.375 in.)

57

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Unclassified Magnetically Soft Iron Carpenter Consumet Electrical Iron

2.15 t,d

21,500 t

Temperature

RT

Bar, strip, billet

57

7300 t

Temperature

RT

All shapes

57

18,700 u

Temperature

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

83

Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Molybdenum Carpenter HyMu "80" Alloy

0.73 t

Refractory, Cobalt, Commercially Pure Co

1.87 u

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

218 / Magnetic Properties

Table 8.3 Peak Induction ( B m , Bmax) of Magnetically Soft Material Families B m , B max Alloy-temper (UNS number) T

G

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Steel, Alloy, Nickel Carpenter "49" Alloy (K94840)

1.50 t

15,000 t

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 Oe) Bar

57

Carpenter "49" Alloy (K94840)

1.50 t

15,000 t

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 Oe) Strip 0.64 to 3.18 mm (0.025 to 1.25 in.) thick

57

Carpenter "49" Alloy Rotor Grade (K94840)

1.50 t

15,000 t

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 Oe) 0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

57

Carpenter "49" Alloy Transformer Grade (K94840)

1.50 t,d

15,000 t

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 Oe) 0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

57

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Ferritic Carpenter Chrome Core 18FM Solenoid Quality Stainless

1.50 t

15,000 t

Temperature

RT

All shapes

57

Carpenter Stainless Type 430FR Solenoid Quality

1.35 t

13,500 t

Temperature

RT

All shapes

57

Carpenter Stainless Type 430F Solenoid Quality (S43020)

1.42 t

14,200 t

Temperature

RT

All shapes

57

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Magnetically Soft Materials / 219

Table 8.4 Residual Induction ( B r ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Parameter Values

Br Alloy-temper (UNS number)

T

G

Parameters

SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Copper, Wrought, Copper Nickel Cunife II

0.73

7300 t

Temperature

RT

Wire and strip

66

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Iron-Cobalt Soft Magnetic 27Co0.6CrFe-Annealed

1.4 t

14,000 t

Temperature

RT

Strip, 0.15 mm (0.006 in.) <= t <= 0.5 mm (0.020 in.)

85

2V49Co49Fe-Annealed

1.6 t

16,000 t

Temperature

RT

Strip, 0.15 mm (0.006 in.) <= t <= 0.5 mm (0.020 in.)

85

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

1.45 t

14,500 t

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 Oe)

Ring, 0.35 mm (0.014 in.)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

1.00 t

10,000 t

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 Oe)

Round bar, 13.5 mm (0.531 in.)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

0.85 t

8500 t

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 Oe)

Ring, 0.35 mm (0.014 in.)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

0.60 t

6000 t

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 Oe)

Round bar, 12.7 mm (0.500 in.)

74

Permendur V

1.45 u,d

14,500 u

Temperature

RT

66

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Silicon Core Iron Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "A"- 0.65 t Annealed

6500 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Test bar d = 9.53 mm (0.375 in.)

57

Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "AFM"-Annealed

6000 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Test bar d = 9.53 mm (0.375 in.)

57

Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "B"- 0.6 t,d Annealed

6000 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Test bar d = 9.53 mm (0.375 in.)

57

Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "BFM"-Annealed

5500 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Test bar d = 9.53 mm (0.375 in.)

57

4000 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Test bar d = 9.53 mm (0.375 in.)

57

0.6 t

0.55 t

Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "C"- 0.4 t Annealed

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Unclassified Magnetically Soft Iron Airmelted magnetic ironAnnealed

1.38 t

13,800 t

Magnetic induction

1.5 T (15 kG)

Strip > 1 mm (0.040 in.). ASTM A 596 test

85

Airmelted magnetic ironAnnealed

1.42 t

14,200 t

Magnetic induction

1.5 T (15 kG)

Bar. ASTM A 596 test

85

Airmelted magnetic ironAnnealed

0.25 to 1.20 t 2500 to 12,000 t

Magnetic induction

1.5 T (15 kG)

Bar. ASTM A 341 test

85

Carpenter Consumet Electrical Iron

0.6 to 0.8 t

6000 to 8000 t

Magnetic induction

1.5 T (15 kG)

Bar, strip, billet

57

Fe, vacuum-melted high purityAnnealed

0.11 to 0.58 t 1100 to 5800 t

Magnetic induction

1.5 T (15 kG)

Bar, strip >1mm (0.040 in.). ASTM A 341 test

85

Fe, vacuum-melted high purityAnnealed

1.00 t

Magnetic induction

1.5 T (15 kG)

Bar, strip >1mm (0.040 in.). ASTM A 596 test

85

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Unclassified

10,000 t

Nickel, Magnetically Soft Nickel, Unclassified Magnetically Soft Nickel 45Ni-Fe-Annealed

0.68 t

6800 t

Temperature

RT

Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F)

85

45Ni3MoFe-Annealed

0.89 t

8900 t

Temperature

RT

Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F)

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.90 t

9000 t

Temperature

RT

Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F)

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.97 t

9700 t

Temperature

RT

Annealed at 1065 C (1950 F)

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.96 t

9600 t

Temperature

RT

Annealed at 995 C (1750 F)

85

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

220 / Magnetic Properties

Table 8.4 Residual Induction ( B r ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Parameter Values

Br Alloy-temper (UNS number)

T

G

Parameters

SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Nickel, Magnetically Soft Nickel, Unclassified Magnetically Soft Nickel 75Ni5Cu2CrFe-Annealed

0.1 t

3400 t

Temperature

RT

Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F)

85

78.5NiFe-Annealed

0.50 t

5000 t

Temperature

RT

Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F)

85

79Ni4MoFe-Annealed

0.5 t

3500 t

Temperature

RT

Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F)

85

3500 u

Temperature

RT

All shapes

57

6000 u

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 Oe)

CoFeV

66

Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Molybdenum Carpenter HyMu "80" Alloy

0.35 u

Refractory, Cobalt, Soft Magnetic Alloy Covandur-Unannealed

0.6

Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Nickel 0.029 t

290 t

Temperature

20 C (68F)

Carpenter Temperature Compensator "32" (Type 1)

0.27 u

2700 u

Temperature

25 C (77F)

Carpenter "49" Alloy (K94840)

0.9 u,d

9000 u

Temperature

Carpenter "49" Alloy (K94840)

0.9 u,d

9000 u

Carpenter "49" Alloy (K94840)

0.9 u,d

Carpenter "49" Alloy (K94840)

CMW 3950

58

Steel, Alloy, Nickel All shapes

57

RT

Bar

57

Temperature

RT

Strip 0.64 to 3.18 mm (0.025 to 1.25 in.) thick

57

9000 u

Temperature

RT

Bar

57

0.9 u,d

9000 u

Temperature

RT

Strip 0.64 to 3.18 mm (0.025 to 1.25 in.) thick

57

Carpenter "49" Alloy-Annealed 1450 F (K94840)

0.99 u,d

9900 u

Magnetic induction

1.3 T (13 kG)

Ring t = 1.52 mm (0.060 in.)

57

Carpenter "49" Alloy-Mill annealed (K94840)

0.63 u

6300 u

Magnetic induction

1.3 T (13 kG)

Ring t = 1.52 mm (0.060 in.)

57

Carpenter "49" Alloy Rotor Grade (K94840)

0.9 u

9000 u

Temperature

RT

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

57

Carpenter "49" Alloy Rotor Grade (K94840)

0.9 u

9000 u

Temperature

RT

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

57

Carpenter "49" Alloy Transformer Grade (K94840)

0.9 u

9000 u

Temperature

RT

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

57

Carpenter "49" Alloy Transformer Grade (K94840)

0.9 u

9000 u

Temperature

RT

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

57

1% Si steel-Annealed

1.31 t

13,100 t

Magnetic induction

1.5 T (15 kG)

ASTM A 596 test

85

1% Si steel-Annealed

0.80 t

8000 t

Magnetic induction

1.5 T (15 kG)

ASTM A 341 test

85

1% Si steel, free machiningAnnealed

0.20 to 1.10 t 2000 to 11,000 t

Magnetic induction

1.5 T (15 kG)

Bar. ASTM A 341 test

85

2.5 % Si steel-Annealed

1.30 t

13,000 t

Magnetic induction

1.5 T (15 kG)

ASTM A 596 test

85

2.5 % Si steel, free machiningAnnealed

1.37 t

13,700 t

Magnetic induction

1.5 T (15 kG)

Bar. ASTM A 596 test

85

2.5 % Si steel, free machiningAnnealed

0.25 to 1.20 t 2500 to 12,000 t

Magnetic induction

1.5 T (15 kG)

Bar. ASTM A 341 test

85

4% Si steel-Annealed

1.08 t

Magnetic induction

1.5 T (15 kG)

ASTM A 596 test

85

Steel, Alloy, Silicon

10,800 t

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Magnetically Soft Materials / 221

Table 8.4 Residual Induction ( B r ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Parameter Values

Br Alloy-temper (UNS number)

T

G

Parameters

SI (Cust)

9000 t

Magnetic induction

1.5 T (15 kG)

Notes

Reference

Steel, Carbon Steel, Nonresulfurized 1010-Annealed (G10100)

0.90 t

85

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Ferritic ASTM A838/A838M Alloy 1 Grade 1-Mill annealed

0.754 t

7450 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Bar, HRB 75 to 82, 6.35 mm (0.250 in.) <= d <= 17.46 mm (0.6825 in.)

87

ASTM A838/A838M Alloy 2 Grade 1-Mill annealed

0.742 t

7420 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Bar, HRB 80 to 88, 6.35 mm (0.250 in.) <= d <= 17.46 mm (0.6825 in.)

87

Carpenter Chrome Core 12 & 12FM Alloys

1.26 t

12,600 t

Temperature

RT

All shapes. ASTM A 341

57

Carpenter Stainless Type 430FR Solenoid Quality-Full anneal

0.25 to 0.80 t 2500 to 8000 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

All shapes. ASTM A 341

57

Carpenter Stainless Type 430FR Solenoid Quality-Mill annealed CG

0.25 to 0.80 t 2500 to 8000 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

All shapes. ASTM A 341

57

Carpenter Stainless Type 430FR Solenoid Quality-Mill annealed PG

0.25 to 0.80 t 2500 to 8000 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

All shapes. ASTM A 341

57

Carpenter Stainless Type 430FR Solenoid Quality-Unannealed

0.20 to 0.65 t 2000 to 6500 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

All shapes. ASTM A 341

57

Carpenter Stainless Type 430F Solenoid Quality-Full anneal (S43020)

0.2 to 0.85 t

2000 to 8500 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Test bar. ASTM A 341

57

Carpenter Stainless Type 430F Solenoid Quality-Mill annealed CG (S43020)

0.2 to 0.85 t

2000 to 8500 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Test bar, HRB 82 to 91. ASTM A 341

57

Carpenter Stainless Type 430F Solenoid Quality-Mill annealed CG (S43020)

0.2 to 0.85 t

2000 to 8500 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Test bar, HRB 75 to 82. ASTM A 341

57

Carpenter Stainless Type 430F Solenoid Quality-Mill annealed PG (S43020)

0.3 to 0.85 t

3000 to 8500 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Test bar. ASTM A 341

57

Carpenter Stainless Type 430F Solenoid Quality-Unannealed (S43020)

0.4 to 0.85 t

4000 to 8500 t

Magnetic induction

1.0 T (10 kG)

Test bar. ASTM A 341

57

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

222 / Magnetic Properties

Table 8.5 Curie Temperature (T c ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Tc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

oC

oF

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Low Expansion, Iron Nickel 50% Ni Iron-Annealed

500 approx

930 approx

85

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Iron-Cobalt Electrical Steel Carpenter Hiperco Alloy 27

925 t

1697 t

Fe-Co-V, all shapes

57

Carpenter Hiperco Alloy 50

940 t

1724 t

Fe-Co-V, all shapes

57

Carpenter Hiperco Alloy 50A

940 t

1724 t

Fe-Co-V, all shapes

57

Carpenter Hiperco Alloy 50HS

940 t

1724 t

Fe-Co-V, all shapes

57

Carpenter Hiperco Alloy 50HS-Cold rolled and annealed

940

1724

Test ring with 503 MPa (73 ksi) yield

66

Carpenter Hiperco Alloy 50HS-Cold rolled and annealed

940

1724

Test ring with 593 MPa (86 ksi) yield

66

Carpenter Hiperco Alloy 50HS-Cold rolled and annealed

940

1724

Test ring with 683 MPa (99 ksi) yield

66

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Iron-Cobalt Soft Magnetic 2V49Co49Fe-Annealed

970 approx

1775 approx

Strip, 0.15 mm (0.006 in.) <= t <= 0.5 mm (0.020 in.)

85

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

940 t

1724 t,d

All forms and sizes

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

925 t

1697 t,d

All forms and sizes

74

Permendur V

940

1725

66

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Nickel-Iron Soft Magnetic ASTM A753 Type 1 K94490 (K94490)

440 t

824 t,d

All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.)

73

ASTM A753 Type 2 K94840 (K94840)

482 t

900 t,d

All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.)

73

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Silicon Core Iron Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "A"

810 t

1490 t

All shapes

57

Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "A-FM"

810 t

1490 t

All shapes

57

Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "B"

799 t

1470 t

All shapes

57

Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "B-FM"

799 t

1470 t

All shapes

57

Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "C"

788 t

1450 t

All shapes

57

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Unclassified Magnetically Soft Iron Carpenter Consumet Electrical Iron

760 t

1400 t

Bar, strip, billet

57

Carpenter Electrical Iron

760 app

1400 app

All shapes

57

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Ductile Permanent Magnet Carpenter "73" Alloy

745 t

1373 t,d

All shapes

57

Carpenter Chrominur II

640 t

1184 t,d

All shapes

57

Carpenter Vicalloy I-Aged for max energy product

855 t

1571 t,d

All shapes

57

770 approx

1420 approx

Pure metal, R depends on purity

85

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Unclassified Fe

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Magnetically Soft Materials / 223

Table 8.5 Curie Temperature (T c ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Tc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

oC

oF

Notes

Reference

Nickel, Magnetically Soft Nickel, Unclassified Magnetically Soft Nickel 79Ni4MoFe-Annealed

455 approx

850 approx

Annealed at 1175 C (2150 F)

85

Carpenter Wear Resistant HyMu 800A

460 t

860 t

All shapes, used for tape recorder heads

57

ASTM A753 Type 3 N14076 (N14076)

399 t

750 t,d

All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.)

73

ASTM A753 Type 4 N14080 (N14080)

460 t

860 t,d

All billet, bar, wire, plate, plate coil: d > 12.7 mm (0.500 in.)

73

NI-SPAN-C alloy 902-Precipitation hardened (N09902)

190 u

380 u

Sheet

82

INCOLOY alloy 903-Precipitation hardened (N19903)

415 to 470 u

780 to 880 u

Sheet

82

INCOLOY alloy 907-Precipitation hardened (N19907)

400 to 455 u

750 to 850 u

Sheet

82

INCOLOY alloy 909-Precipitation hardened (N19909)

400 to 455 u

750 to 850 u

Sheet

82

Nickel 200 (N02200)

360 u,d

680 u

Rod, bar, sheet, strip, pipe, tube, wire

61

Nickel 201-Annealed (N02201)

360 u

680 u

Sheet

82

Nickel 205-Annealed (N02205)

360 u

680 u

Sheet

82

Nickel 211-Annealed (N02211)

310 u

590 u

Sheet

82

DURANICKEL Alloy 301-Aged (N03301)

93 u,d

200 u

61

DURANICKEL Alloy 301-Aged (N03301)

16 to 49 u,d

60 to 120 u

61

DURANICKEL Alloy 301-Precipitation hardened (N03301)

16 to 50 u

60 to 120 u

Sheet

82

Alloy 800HT-Annealed

-115 u

-175 u

Sheet

82

INCOLOY alloy 800-Annealed (N08800)

-115 u

-175 u

Sheet

82

INCOLOY alloy 825-Annealed (N08825)

-196 u

-320 u

Sheet

82

360 u

680 u

Sheet

82

Alloy 600-Annealed (N06600)

-124 u

-192 u

Sheet

82

Alloy 601-Annealed (N06601)

-196 u

-320 u

Sheet

82

INCONEL Alloy 601 (N06601)

<-196 u,d

<-320 u

61

INCONELAlloy 625 (N06625)

<-196 u,d

<-320 u

61

Alloy 718-Precipitation hardened (N07718)

-112 u

-170 u

Sheet

82

Alloy X750-Annealed (N07750)

-125 u

-193 u

Sheet

82

Alloy 751-Annealed (N07751)

-125 u

-193 u

Sheet

82

Nickel, Miscellaneous Nickel, Controlled-expansion

Nickel, Nickel, Commercially Pure

Nickel, Nickel, Iron Nickel Chromium

Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Beryllium Nickel 200-Annealed (N02200) Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Chromium

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

224 / Magnetic Properties

Table 8.5 Curie Temperature (T c ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Tc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

oC

oF

Notes

Reference

Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Copper Alloy 400-Annealed (N04400)

20 to 50 u

70 to 120 u

Sheet

82

Alloy 401-Annealed (N04401)

<-196 u

<-320 u

Sheet

82

Alloy R-405-Annealed (N04405)

20 to 50 u

70 to 120 u

Sheet

82

Alloy K-500-Precipitation hardened (N05500)

-134 u

-210 u

Sheet

82

Carpenter HyMu "80" Alloy

460 t

860 t

All shapes

57

Carpenter HyMu "800"

460 t

860 t

All shapes

57

Carpenter HyRa "80"

460 t

860 t

All shapes

57

Carpenter Vacumet HyMu "800" Alloy

460 t

860 t

All shapes

57

1121 u

2050 u

Pure metal, R depends on purity

83

Covandur-Annealed

750 u,d

1380 u

CoFeV

66

Covandur-Unannealed

750 u,d

1380 u

CoFeV

66

750 t

1382 t

All shapes

57

Carpenter Temperature Compensator "32" (Type 1)

199 t

390 t

All shapes

57

Carpenter Temperature Compensator "32" (Type 2, 3, and 4)

149 app

300 app

All shapes

57

Carpenter "49" Alloy (K94840)

449 to 499 t

840 to 930 t

All shapes

57

INCOLOY alloy 800 (N08800)

-115 u,d

-175 u

Superalloy

61

ASTM A838/A838M Alloy 1 Grade 1Mill annealed

671 t

1240 t,d

Bar, HRB 75 to 82, 6.35 mm (0.250 in.) <= d <= 17.46 mm (0.6825 in.)

87

ASTM A838/A838M Alloy 2 Grade 1Mill annealed

660 t

1220 t,d

Bar, HRB 80 to 88, 6.35 mm (0.250 in.) <= d <= 17.46 mm (0.6825 in.)

87

Carpenter Chrome Core 12 & 12FM Alloys

730 t

1346 t

All shapes

57

Carpenter Stainless Type 430FR Solenoid Quality

660 t

1220 t

All shapes

57

Carpenter Stainless Type 430F Solenoid Quality (S43020)

671 t

1240 t

All shapes

57

Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Molybdenum

Refractory, Cobalt, Commercially Pure Co Refractory, Cobalt, Soft Magnetic Alloy

Steel, Alloy, Chromium Carpenter Chrome Core 8 & 8FM Alloys Steel, Alloy, Nickel

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Ferritic

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Magnetically Soft Materials / 225

Table 8.6 Core Loss ( Pc ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Pc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

W/kg

W/lb

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Cold-Rolled Magnetic Lamination ASTM A726/A726M 47D200Semiprocessed

3.5 max,as 1.6 max,as spec,d spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 47D200Semiprocessed

4.4 max,as 2.0 max,as spec spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 47D230Semiprocessed

4.0 max,as 1.8 max,as spec,d spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 47D230Semiprocessed

5.1 max,as 2.3 max,as spec spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 47D270Semiprocessed

4.7 max,as 2.1 max,as spec,d spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 47D270Semiprocessed

6.0 max,as 2.7 max,as spec spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 47D330Semiprocessed

5.8 max,as 2.6 max,as spec,d spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 47D330Semiprocessed

7.3 max,as 3.3 max,as spec spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 47D380Semiprocessed

6.6 max,as 3.0 max,as spec,d spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 47D380Semiprocessed

8.4 max,as 3.8 max,as spec spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 56D230Semiprocessed

4.0 max,as 1.8 max,as spec,d spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.56 mm (0.022 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 56D230Semiprocessed

5.1 max,as 2.3 max,as spec spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.56 mm (0.022 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 56D260Semiprocessed

4.5 max,as 2.1 max,as spec,d spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.56 mm (0.022 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 56D260Semiprocessed

5.7 max,as 2.6 max,as spec spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.56 mm (0.022 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 56D310Semiprocessed

5.4 max,as 2.4 max,as spec,d spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.56 mm (0.022 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 56D310Semiprocessed

6.8 max,as 3.1 max,as spec spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.56 mm (0.022 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 56D380Semiprocessed

6.6 max,as 3.0 max,as spec,d spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.56 mm (0.022 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 56D380Semiprocessed

8.4 max,as 3.8 max,as spec spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.56 mm (0.022 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 56D440Semiprocessed

7.7 max,as 3.5 max,as spec,d spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.56 mm (0.022 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 56D440Semiprocessed

9.7 max,as 4.4 max,as spec spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.56 mm (0.022 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

226 / Magnetic Properties

Table 8.6 Core Loss ( Pc ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Pc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

W/kg

W/lb

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Cold-Rolled Magnetic Lamination ASTM A726/A726M 64D260Semiprocessed

4.5 max,as 2.1 max,as spec,d spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.025 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 64D260Semiprocessed

5.7 max,as 2.6 max,as spec spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.025 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 64D290Semiprocessed

5.1 max,as 2.3 max,as spec,d spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.025 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 64D290Semiprocessed

6.4 max,as 2.9 max,as spec spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.025 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 64D360Semiprocessed

6.2 max,as 2.8 max,as spec,d spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.025 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 64D360Semiprocessed

7.9 max,as 3.6 max,as spec spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.025 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 64D430Semiprocessed

7.5 max,as 3.4 max,as spec,d spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.025 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 64D430Semiprocessed

9.5 max,as 4.3 max,as spec spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.025 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 64D490Semiprocessed

8.5 max,as 3.9 max,as spec,d spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.025 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 64D490Semiprocessed

10.8 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.025 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 71D410Semiprocessed

7.1 max,as 3.2 max,as spec,d spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.71 mm (0.028 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 71D410Semiprocessed

9.0 max,as 4.1 max,as spec spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.71 mm (0.028 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 71D480Semiprocessed

8.4 max,as 3.8 max,as spec,d spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.71 mm (0.028 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 71D480Semiprocessed

10.6 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.71 mm (0.028 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 71D550Semiprocessed

9.6 max,as 4.3 max,as spec,d spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.71 mm (0.028 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 71D550Semiprocessed

12.1 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.71 mm (0.028 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 79D450Semiprocessed

7.8 max,as 3.6 max,as spec,d spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.79 mm mm (0.031 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 79D450Semiprocessed

9.9 max,as 4.5 max,as spec spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.79 mm mm (0.031 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 79D540Semiprocessed

9.4 max,as 4.3 max,as spec,d spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.79 mm (0.031 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 79D540Semiprocessed

11.9 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.79 mm (0.031 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

4.9 max,as spec

4.8 max,as spec

5.5 max,as spec

5.4 max,as spec

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Magnetically Soft Materials / 227

Table 8.6 Core Loss ( Pc ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Pc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

W/kg

W/lb

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Cold-Rolled Magnetic Lamination ASTM A726/A726M 79D610Semiprocessed

10.7 max,as spec,d

4.8 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.79 mm mm (0.031 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

ASTM A726/A726M 79D610Semiprocessed

13.5 max,as spec

6.1 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.79 mm mm (0.031 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

72

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Electrical Steel USS M-19-Fully processed, not annealed

2.01 max,d 0.91 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 60 Hz (10 kG, 60 Hz)

24 Gage (0.0250 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-19-Fully processed, not annealed

1.68 max,d 0.76 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 60 Hz (10 kG, 60 Hz)

26 Gage (0.0185 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-19-Fully processed, not annealed

1.48 max,d 0.67 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 60 Hz (10 kG, 60 Hz)

29 Gage (0.0140 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-19-Fully processed, not annealed

4.59 max,d 2.08 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

24 Gage (0.0250 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-19-Fully processed, not annealed

3.84 max,d 1.74 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

26 Gage (0.0185 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-19-Fully processed, not annealed

3.48 max,d 1.58 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

29 Gage (0.0140 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-22-Fully processed, not annealed

2.43 max,d 1.10 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 60 Hz (10 kG, 60 Hz)

24 Gage (0.0250 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-22-Fully processed, not annealed

2.09 max,d 0.95 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 60 Hz (10 kG, 60 Hz)

24 Gage (0.0250 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-22-Fully processed, not annealed

1.76 max,d 0.80 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 60 Hz (10 kG, 60 Hz)

26 Gage (0.0185 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-22-Fully processed, not annealed

1.59 max,d 0.72 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 60 Hz (10 kG, 60 Hz)

29 Gage (0.0140 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-22-Fully processed, not annealed

4.81 max,d 2.18 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

24 Gage (0.0250 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-22-Fully processed, not annealed

4.08 max,d 1.85 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

26 Gage (0.0185 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-22-Fully processed, not annealed

3.70 max,d 1.68 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

29 Gage (0.0140 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-27-Fully processed, not annealed

2.25 max,d 1.02 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 60 Hz (10 kG, 60 Hz)

24 Gage (0.0250 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-27-Fully processed, not annealed

1.94 max,d 0.88 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 60 Hz (10 kG, 60 Hz)

26 Gage (0.0185 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-27-Fully processed, not annealed

1.74 max,d 0.79 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 60 Hz (10 kG, 60 Hz)

29 Gage (0.0140 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-27-Fully processed, not annealed

4.96 max,d 2.25 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

24 Gage (0.0250 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-27-Fully processed, not annealed

4.19 max,d 1.90 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

26 Gage (0.0185 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-27-Fully processed, not annealed

3.97 max,d 1.80 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

29 Gage (0.0140 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-27-Semi-processed, annealed

4.28 max,d 1.94 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

24 Gage (0.0250 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-27-Semi-processed, annealed

3.92 max,d 1.78 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

26 Gage (0.0185 in.). Epstein specimens

69

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

228 / Magnetic Properties

Table 8.6 Core Loss ( Pc ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Pc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

W/kg

W/lb

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Electrical Steel USS M-36-Fully processed, not annealed

2.43 max,d 1.10 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 60 Hz (10 kG, 60 Hz)

24 Gage (0.0250 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-36-Fully processed, not annealed

2.09 max,d 0.95 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 60 Hz (10 kG, 60 Hz)

26 Gage (0.0185 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-36-Fully processed, not annealed

1.87 max,d 0.85 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 60 Hz (10 kG, 60 Hz)

29 Gage (0.0140 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-36-Fully processed, not annealed

5.29 max,d 2.40 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

24 Gage (0.0250 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-36-Fully processed, not annealed

4.52 max,d 2.05 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

26 Gage (0.0185 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-36-Fully processed, not annealed

4.19 max,d 1.90 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

29 Gage (0.0140 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-36-Semi-processed, annealed

2.12 max,d 0.96 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 60 Hz (10 kG, 60 Hz)

24 Gage (0.0250 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-36-Semi-processed, annealed

1.90 max,d 0.86 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 60 Hz (10 kG, 60 Hz)

26 Gage (0.0185 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-36-Semi-processed, annealed

4.70 max,d 2.13 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

24 Gage (0.0250 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-36-Semi-processed, annealed

4.14 max,d 1.88 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

26 Gage (0.0185 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-43-Fully processed, not annealed

2.76 max,d 1.25 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 60 Hz (10 kG, 60 Hz)

24 Gage (0.0250 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-43-Fully processed, not annealed

2.31 max,d 1.05 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 60 Hz (10 kG, 60 Hz)

26 Gage (0.0185 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-43-Fully processed, not annealed

5.95 max,d 2.70 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

24 Gage (0.0250 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-43-Fully processed, not annealed

5.07 max,d 2.30 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

26 Gage (0.0185 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-43-Semi-processed, annealed

2.31 max,d 1.05 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 60 Hz (10 kG, 60 Hz)

24 Gage (0.0250 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-43-Semi-processed, annealed

2.03 max,d 0.92 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 60 Hz (10 kG, 60 Hz)

26 Gage (0.0185 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-43-Semi-processed, annealed

5.07 max,d 2.30 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

24 Gage (0.0250 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-43-Semi-processed, annealed

4.41 max,d 2.00 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

26 Gage (0.0185 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-45-Fully processed, not annealed

3.64 max,d 1.65 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 60 Hz (10 kG, 60 Hz)

24 Gage (0.0250 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-45-Fully processed, not annealed

2.98 max,d 1.35 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 60 Hz (10 kG, 60 Hz)

26 Gage (0.0185 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-45-Fully processed, not annealed

7.94 max,d 3.60 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

24 Gage (0.0250 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-45-Fully processed, not annealed

6.72 max,d 3.05 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

26 Gage (0.0185 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-45-Semi-processed, annealed

2.76 max,d 1.25 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 60 Hz (10 kG, 60 Hz)

24 Gage (0.0250 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-45-Semi-processed, annealed

6.17 max,d 2.80 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

24 Gage (0.0250 in.). Epstein specimens

69

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Magnetically Soft Materials / 229

Table 8.6 Core Loss ( Pc ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Pc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

W/kg

W/lb

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Electrical Steel USS M-45-Semi-processed, annealed

5.51 max,d 2.50 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

26 Gage (0.0185 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-47-Fully processed, not annealed

10.80 max,d

4.90 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

24 Gage (0.0250 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS M-47-Fully processed, not annealed

8.82 max,d 4.00 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

26 Gage (0.0185 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS Q-Core

6.50 max,d 2.95 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

0.018 in. thick. Epstein specimens

69

USS Q-Core

6.83 max,d 3.10 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

0.019 in. thick. Epstein specimens

69

USS Q-Core

7.17 max,d 3.25 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

0.020 in. thick. Epstein specimens

69

USS Q-Core

7.50 max,d 3.40 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

0.021 in. thick. Epstein specimens

69

USS Q-Core

7.94 max,d 3.60 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

0.022 in. thick. Epstein specimens

69

USS Q-Core

8.38 max,d 3.80 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

0.023 in. thick. Epstein specimens

69

USS Q-Core

8.60 max,d 3.90 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

0.024 in. thick. Epstein specimens

69

USS Q-Core

9.04 max,d 4.10 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

0.025 in. thick. Epstein specimens

69

USS Q-Core

9.26 max,d 4.20 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

0.026 in. thick. Epstein specimens

69

USS Q-Core

9.70 max,d 4.40 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

0.027 in. thick. Epstein specimens

69

USS Q-Core

10.14 max,d

4.60 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

0.028 in. thick. Epstein specimens

69

USS Q-Core

10.47 max,d

4.75 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

0.029 in. thick. Epstein specimens

69

USS Q-Core

10.80 max,d

4.90 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

0.030 in. thick. Epstein specimens

69

USS Q-Core

11.24 max,d

5.10 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

0.031 in. thick. Epstein specimens

69

USS Stator B-Fully processed, not annealed

13.45 max,d

6.10 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

24 Gage (0.0250 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS Stator B-Fully processed, not annealed

10.47 max,d

4.75 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

26 Gage (0.0185 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS Stator B-Semi-processed, annealed

7.72 max,d 3.50 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

24 Gage (0.0250 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS Stator B-Semi-processed, annealed

6.61 max,d 3.00 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

26 Gage (0.0185 in.). Epstein specimens

69

USS Type 2-S

7.94 max,d 3.60 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

0.018 in. thick. Epstein specimens

69

USS Type 2-S

8.27 max,d 3.75 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

0.019 in. thick. Epstein specimens

69

USS Type 2-S

8.60 max,d 3.90 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

0.020 in. thick. Epstein specimens

69

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

230 / Magnetic Properties

Table 8.6 Core Loss ( Pc ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Pc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

W/kg

W/lb

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Electrical Steel USS Type 2-S

9.04 max,d 4.10 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

0.021 in. thick. Epstein specimens

69

USS Type 2-S

9.48 max,d 4.30 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

0.022 in. thick. Epstein specimens

69

USS Type 2-S

9.92 max,d 4.50 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

0.023 in. thick. Epstein specimens

69

USS Type 2-S

10.36 max,d

4.70 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

0.024 in. thick. Epstein specimens

69

USS Type 2-S

10.80 max,d

4.90 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

0.025 in. thick. Epstein specimens

69

USS Type 2-S

11.24 max,d

5.10 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

0.026 in. thick. Epstein specimens

69

USS Type 2-S

11.79 max,d

5.35 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

0.027 in. thick. Epstein specimens

69

USS Type 2-S

12.35 max,d

5.60 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

0.028 in. thick. Epstein specimens

69

USS Type 2-S

15.10 max,d

6.85 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

0.029 in. thick. Epstein specimens

69

USS Type 2-S

13.34 max,d

6.05 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

0.030 in. thick. Epstein specimens

69

USS Type 2-S

13.89 max,d

6.30 max

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

0.031 in. thick. Epstein specimens

69

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Iron-Cobalt Electrical Steel 27Co0.6CrFe

8.00 t

3.63 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.020 T, 60 Hz (200 G, 60 Hz)

Strip t = 0.36 mm (0.014 in.)

85

27Co0.6CrFe

36.8 t

16.7 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 400 Hz (10 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip t = 0.36 mm (0.014 in.)

85

27Co0.6CrFe

3.13 t

1.42 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 60 Hz (10 kG, 60 Hz)

Strip t = 0.36 mm (0.014 in.)

85

27Co0.6CrFe

73.2 t

73.2 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 400 Hz (15 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip t = 0.36 mm (0.014 in.)

85

27Co0.6CrFe

5.55 t

2.52 t

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Strip t = 0.36 mm (0.014 in.)

85

27Co0.6CrFe

110 t

50.0 t

Magnetic induction, freq

2.0 T, 400 Hz (20 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip t = 0.36 mm (0.014 in.)

85

2V49Co49Fe

3.08 t

1.40 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.020 T, 60 Hz (200 G, 60 Hz)

Strip t = 0.15 mm (0.006 in.)

85

2V49Co49Fe

3.48 t

1.58 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.020 T, 60 Hz (200 G, 60 Hz)

Strip t = 0.20 mm (0.008 in.)

85

2V49Co49Fe

3.57 t

1.62 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.020 T, 60 Hz (200 G, 60 Hz)

Strip t = 0.25 mm (0.010 in.)

85

2V49Co49Fe

4.17 t

1.89 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.020 T, 60 Hz (200 G, 60 Hz)

Strip t = 0.36 mm (0.014 in.)

85

2V49Co49Fe

4.76 t

2.16 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.020 T, 60 Hz (200 G, 60 Hz)

Strip t = 0.51 mm (0.020 in.)

85

2V49Co49Fe

10 t

4.7 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 400 Hz (10 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip t = 0.15 mm (0.006 in.)

85

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Magnetically Soft Materials / 231

Table 8.6 Core Loss ( Pc ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Pc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

W/kg

W/lb

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Iron-Cobalt Electrical Steel 2V49Co49Fe

12 t

5.4 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 400 Hz (10 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip t = 0.20 mm (0.008 in.)

85

2V49Co49Fe

13 t

6.0 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 400 Hz (10 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip t = 0.25 mm (0.010 in.)

85

2V49Co49Fe

17 t

7.5 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 400 Hz (10 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip t = 0.36 mm (0.014 in.)

85

2V49Co49Fe

21 t

9.5 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 400 Hz (10 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip t = 0.51 mm (0.020 in.)

85

2V49Co49Fe

1.2 t

0.53 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 60 Hz (10 kG, 60 Hz)

Strip t = 0.15 mm (0.006 in.)

85

2V49Co49Fe

1.2 t

0.56 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 60 Hz (10 kG, 60 Hz)

Strip t = 0.20 mm (0.008 in.)

85

2V49Co49Fe

1.3 t

0.57 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 60 Hz (10 kG, 60 Hz)

Strip t = 0.25 mm (0.010 in.)

85

2V49Co49Fe

1.4 t

0.65 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 60 Hz (10 kG, 60 Hz)

Strip t = 0.36 mm (0.014 in.)

85

2V49Co49Fe

1.5 t

0.67 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 60 Hz (10 kG, 60 Hz)

Strip t = 0.51 mm (0.020 in.)

85

2V49Co49Fe

20 t

9.0 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 400 Hz (15 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip t = 0.15 mm (0.006 in.)

85

2V49Co49Fe

23.6 t

10.7 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 400 Hz (15 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip t = 0.20 mm (0.008 in.)

85

2V49Co49Fe

27.3 t

12.4 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 400 Hz (15 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip t = 0.25 mm (0.010 in.)

85

2V49Co49Fe

36.8 t

16.7 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 400 Hz (15 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip t = 0.36 mm (0.014 in.)

85

2V49Co49Fe

53.8 t

24.4 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 400 Hz (15 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip t = 0.51 mm (0.020 in.)

85

2V49Co49Fe

2.1 t

0.95 t

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Strip t = 0.15 mm (0.006 in.)

85

2V49Co49Fe

2.29 t

1.04 t

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Strip t = 0.20 mm (0.008 in.)

85

2V49Co49Fe

2.31 t

1.05 t

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Strip t = 0.25 mm (0.010 in.)

85

2V49Co49Fe

2.69 t

1.22 t

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Strip t = 0.36 mm (0.014 in.)

85

2V49Co49Fe

2.89 t

1.31 t

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Strip t = 0.51 mm (0.020 in.)

85

2V49Co49Fe

31.5 t

14.3 t

Magnetic induction, freq

2.0 T, 400 Hz (20 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip t = 0.15 mm (0.006 in.)

85

2V49Co49Fe

38.3 t

17.4 t

Magnetic induction, freq

2.0 T, 400 Hz (20 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip t = 0.20 mm (0.008 in.)

85

2V49Co49Fe

46.9 t

21.3 t

Magnetic induction, freq

2.0 T, 400 Hz (20 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip t = 0.25 mm (0.010 in.)

85

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

232 / Magnetic Properties

Table 8.6 Core Loss ( Pc ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Pc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

W/kg

W/lb

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Iron-Cobalt Electrical Steel 2V49Co49Fe

67.4 t

30.6 t

Magnetic induction, freq

2.0 T, 400 Hz (20 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip t = 0.36 mm (0.014 in.)

85

2V49Co49Fe

112 t

50.8 t

Magnetic induction, freq

2.0 T, 400 Hz (20 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip t = 0.51 mm (0.020 in.)

85

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Iron-Cobalt Soft Magnetic ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

22 t

10 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 400 Hz (10 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip t = 0.36 mm (0.014 in.), HT at 845 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

15.4 t

7t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 400 Hz (10 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.05 mm (0.002 in.), HT at 845 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

13.2 t

6t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 400 Hz (10 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.10 mm (0.004 in.), HT at 845 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

17.7 t

8t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 400 Hz (10 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.15 mm (0.006 in.), HT at 750 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

15.4 t

7t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 400 Hz (10 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.15 mm (0.006 in.), HT at 845 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

17.7 t

8t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 400 Hz (10 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.25 mm (0.010 in.), HT at 845 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

19.9 t

9t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 400 Hz (10 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.25 mm (0.010 in.), HT at 845 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

26.4 t

12 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 400 Hz (10 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.36 mm (0.014 in.), HT at 760 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

41.8 t

19 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 400 Hz (15 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip t = 0.36 mm (0.014 in.), HT at 845 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

20.2 t

10 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 400 Hz (15 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.05 mm (0.002 in.), HT at 845 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

19.8 t

9t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 400 Hz (15 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.10 mm (0.004 in.), HT at 845 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

35.3 t

16 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 400 Hz (15 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.15 mm (0.006 in.), HT at 750 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

26.5 t

12 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 400 Hz (15 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.15 mm (0.006 in.), HT at 845 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

33.1 t

15 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 400 Hz (15 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.25 mm (0.010 in.), HT at 845 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

39.6 t

18 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 400 Hz (15 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.25 mm (0.010 in.), HT at 845 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

53.0 t

24 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 400 Hz (15 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.36 mm (0.014 in.), HT at 760 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

74.8 t

34 t

Magnetic induction, freq

2.0 T, 400 Hz (20 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip t = 0.36 mm (0.014 in.), HT at 845 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

35.2 t

16 t

Magnetic induction, freq

2.0 T, 400 Hz (20 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.05 mm (0.002 in.), HT at 845 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

28.6 t

13 t

Magnetic induction, freq

2.0 T, 400 Hz (20 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.10 mm (0.004 in.), HT at 845 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

59.6 t

27 t

Magnetic induction, freq

2.0 T, 400 Hz (20 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.15 mm (0.006 in.), HT at 750 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

44.1 t

20 t

Magnetic induction, freq

2.0 T, 400 Hz (20 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.15 mm (0.006 in.), HT at 845 C

74

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Magnetically Soft Materials / 233

Table 8.6 Core Loss ( Pc ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Pc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

W/kg

W/lb

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Iron-Cobalt Soft Magnetic ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

55.2 t

25 t

Magnetic induction, freq

2.0 T, 400 Hz (20 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.25 mm (0.010 in.), HT at 845 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

66.0 t

30 t

Magnetic induction, freq

2.0 T, 400 Hz (20 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.25 mm (0.010 in.), HT at 845 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

97.1 t

44 t

Magnetic induction, freq

2.0 T, 400 Hz (20 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.36 mm (0.014 in.), HT at 760 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

37.5 t

17 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 400 Hz (10 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip t = 0.36 mm (0.014 in.), HT at 845 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

25.7 t

13 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 400 Hz (10 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.25 mm (0.010 in.), HT at 845 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

33.0 t

15 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 400 Hz (10 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.25 mm (0.010 in.), HT at 845 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

39.6 t

18 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.0 T, 400 Hz (10 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.36 mm (0.014 in.), HT at 760 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

77.2 t

35 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 400 Hz (15 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip t = 0.36 mm (0.014 in.), HT at 845 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

59.6 t

27 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 400 Hz (15 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.25 mm (0.010 in.), HT at 845 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

55.0 t

25 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 400 Hz (15 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.25 mm (0.010 in.), HT at 845 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

81.4 t

37 t

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 400 Hz (15 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.36 mm (0.014 in.), HT at 760 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

143.4 t

65 t

Magnetic induction, freq

2.0 T, 400 Hz (20 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip t = 0.36 mm (0.014 in.), HT at 845 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

121.4 t

55 t

Magnetic induction, freq

2.0 T, 400 Hz (20 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.25 mm (0.010 in.), HT at 845 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

110 t

50 t

Magnetic induction, freq

2.0 T, 400 Hz (20 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.25 mm (0.010 in.), HT at 845 C

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 2

150 t

68 t

Magnetic induction, freq

2.0 T, 400 Hz (20 kG, 400 Hz)

Strip, t = 0.36 mm (0.014 in.), HT at 760 C

74

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Nonoriented Electrical Steel ASTM A677 36F145-Fully processed 2.54 max,as spec,d

1.15 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 36F145-Fully processed 3.20 max,as spec,d

1.45 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 36F155-Fully processed 2.69 max,as spec,d

1.22 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 36F155-Fully processed 3.42 max,as spec,d

1.55 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 36F165-Fully processed 2.87 max,as spec,d

1.30 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 36F165-Fully processed 3.64 max,as spec,d

1.65 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

234 / Magnetic Properties

Table 8.6 Core Loss ( Pc ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Pc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

W/kg

W/lb

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Nonoriented Electrical Steel ASTM A677 36F175-Fully processed 3.04 max,as spec,d

1.38 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 36F175-Fully processed 3.86 max,as spec,d

1.75 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 36F185-Fully processed 3.22 max,as spec,d

1.46 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 36F185-Fully processed 4.08 max,as spec,d

1.85 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 36F195-Fully processed 3.40 max,as spec,d

1.54 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 36F195-Fully processed 4.30 max,as spec,d

1.95 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 36F205-Fully processed 3.57 max,as spec,d

1.62 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 36F205-Fully processed 4.52 max,as spec,d

2.05 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 47F165-Fully processed 2.87 max,as spec,d

1.30 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 47F165-Fully processed 3.64 max,as spec,d

1.65 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 47F180-Fully processed 3.13 max,as spec,d

1.42 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 47F180-Fully processed 3.97 max,as spec,d

1.80 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 47F190-Fully processed 3.31 max,as spec,d

1.50 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 47F190-Fully processed 4.19 max,as spec,d

1.90 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 47F200-Fully processed 3.48 max,as spec,d

1.58 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 47F200-Fully processed 4.41 max,as spec,d

2.00 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 47F210-Fully processed 3.66 max,as spec,d

1.66 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Magnetically Soft Materials / 235

Table 8.6 Core Loss ( Pc ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Pc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

W/kg

W/lb

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Nonoriented Electrical Steel ASTM A677 47F210-Fully processed 4.63 max,as spec,d

2.10 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 47F240-Fully processed 4.19 max,as spec,d

1.90 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 47F240-Fully processed 5.29 max,as spec,d

2.40 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 47F280-Fully processed 4.87 max,as spec,d

2.21 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 47F280-Fully processed 6.17 max,as spec,d

2.80 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 47F400-Fully processed 6.97 max,as spec,d

3.16 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 47F400-Fully processed 8.82 max,as spec,d

4.00 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 47F450-Fully processed 7.85 max,as spec,d

3.56 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 47F450-Fully processed 9.92 max,as spec,d

4.50 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 64F200-Fully processed 3.48 max,as spec,d

1.58 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 64F200-Fully processed 4.41 max,as spec,d

2.00 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 64F210-Fully processed 3.66 max,as spec,d

1.66 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 64F210-Fully processed 4.63 max,as spec,d

2.10 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 64F225-Fully processed 3.92 max,as spec,d

1.78 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 64F225-Fully processed 4.96 max,as spec,d

2.25 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 64F235-Fully processed 4.10 max,as spec,d

1.86 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 64F235-Fully processed 5.18 max,as spec,d

2.35 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

236 / Magnetic Properties

Table 8.6 Core Loss ( Pc ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Pc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

W/kg

W/lb

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Nonoriented Electrical Steel ASTM A677 64F250-Fully processed 4.37 max,as spec,d

1.98 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 64F250-Fully processed 5.51 max,as spec,d

2.50 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 64F275-Fully processed 4.78 max,as spec,d

2.17 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 64F275-Fully processed 6.06 max,as spec,d

2.75 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 64F320-Fully processed 5.58 max,as spec,d

2.53 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 64F320-Fully processed 7.05 max,as spec,d

3.20 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 64F500-Fully processed 8.71 max,as spec,d

3.95 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 64F500-Fully processed 11.02 max,as spec,d

5.00 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 64F550-Fully processed 9.59 max,as spec,d

4.35 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677 64F550-Fully processed 12.13 max,as spec,d

5.50 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

67

ASTM A677M 36F320M-Fully processed

2.53 max,as spec

1.15 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 36F320M-Fully processed

3.20 max,as spec

1.45 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 36F342M-Fully processed

2.70 max,as spec

1.22 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 36F342M-Fully processed

3.42 max,as spec

1.55 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 36F364M-Fully processed

2.87 max,as spec

1.30 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 36F364M-Fully processed

3.64 max,as spec

1.65 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 36F386M-Fully processed

3.05 max,as spec

1.38 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Magnetically Soft Materials / 237

Table 8.6 Core Loss ( Pc ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Pc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

W/kg

W/lb

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Nonoriented Electrical Steel ASTM A677M 36F386M-Fully processed

3.86 max,as spec

1.75 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 36F408M-Fully processed

3.22 max,as spec

1.46 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 36F408M-Fully processed

4.08 max,as spec

1.85 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 36F430M-Fully processed

3.40 max,as spec

1.54 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 36F430M-Fully processed

4.30 max,as spec

1.95 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 36F452M-Fully processed

3.57 max,as spec

1.62 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 36F452M-Fully processed

4.52 max,as spec

2.05 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 47F364M-Fully processed

2.87 max,as spec

1.30 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 47F364M-Fully processed

3.64 max,as spec

1.65 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 47F397M-Fully processed

3.13 max,as spec

1.42 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 47F397M-Fully processed

3.97 max,as spec

1.80 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 47F419M-Fully processed

3.31 max,as spec

1.50 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 47F419M-Fully processed

4.19 max,as spec

1.90 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 47F441M-Fully processed

3.48 max,as spec

1.58 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 47F441M-Fully processed

4.41 max,as spec

2.00 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 47F463M-Fully processed

3.66 max,as spec

1.66 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 47F463M-Fully processed

4.63 max,as spec

2.10 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

238 / Magnetic Properties

Table 8.6 Core Loss ( Pc ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Pc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

W/kg

W/lb

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Nonoriented Electrical Steel ASTM A677M 47F529M-Fully processed

4.18 max,as spec

1.90 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 47F529M-Fully processed

5.29 max,as spec

2.40 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 47F617M-Fully processed

4.88 max,as spec

2.21 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 47F617M-Fully processed

6.17 max,as spec

2.80 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 47F882M-Fully processed

6.97 max,as spec

3.16 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 47F882M-Fully processed

8.82 max,as spec

4.00 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 47F922M-Fully processed

7.84 max,as spec

3.56 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 47F922M-Fully processed

9.22 max,as spec

4.18 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 64F1102M-Fully processed

8.71 max,as spec

3.95 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 64F1102M-Fully processed

11.02 max,as spec

5.00 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 64F1213M-Fully processed

9.58 max,as spec

4.35 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 64F1213M-Fully processed

12.13 max,as spec

5.50 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 64F441M-Fully processed

3.48 max,as spec

1.58 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 64F441M-Fully processed

4.41 max,as spec

2.00 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 64F463M-Fully processed

3.66 max,as spec

1.66 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 64F463M-Fully processed

4.63 max,as spec

2.10 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 64F496M-Fully processed

3.92 max,as spec

1.78 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Magnetically Soft Materials / 239

Table 8.6 Core Loss ( Pc ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Pc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

W/kg

W/lb

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Nonoriented Electrical Steel ASTM A677M 64F496M-Fully processed

4.96 max,as spec

2.25 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 64F518M-Fully processed

4.09 max,as spec

1.86 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 64F518M-Fully processed

5.18 max,as spec

2.35 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 64F551M-Fully processed

4.35 max,as spec

1.97 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 64F551M-Fully processed

5.51 max,as spec

2.50 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 64F606M-Fully processed

4.79 max,as spec

2.17 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 64F606M-Fully processed

6.06 max,as spec

2.75 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 64F705M-Fully processed

5.57 max,as spec

2.53 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A677M 64F705M-Fully processed

7.05 max,as spec

3.20 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

68

ASTM A683 47S175-Semiprocessed

3.05 max,as spec,d

1.38 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 47S175-Semiprocessed

3.86 max,as spec,d

1.75 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 47S190-Semiprocessed

3.31 max,as spec,d

1.50 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 47S190-Semiprocessed

4.19 max,as spec,d

1.90 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 47S200-Semiprocessed

3.48 max,as spec,d

1.58 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 47S200-Semiprocessed

4.41 max,as spec,d

2.00 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 47S230-Semiprocessed

4.01 max,as spec,d

1.82 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 47S230-Semiprocessed

5.07 max,as spec,d

2.30 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

70

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

240 / Magnetic Properties

Table 8.6 Core Loss ( Pc ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Pc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

W/kg

W/lb

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Nonoriented Electrical Steel ASTM A683 47S250-Semiprocessed

4.35 max,as spec,d

1.98 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 47S250-Semiprocessed

5.51 max,as spec,d

2.50 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 47S300-Semiprocessed

5.22 max,as spec,d

2.37 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 47S300-Semiprocessed

6.61 max,as spec,d

3.00 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 64S200-Semiprocessed

3.48 max,as spec,d

1.58 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 64S200-Semiprocessed

4.41 max,as spec,d

2.00 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 64S215-Semiprocessed

3.74 max,as spec,d

1.70 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 64S215-Semiprocessed

4.74 max,as spec,d

2.15 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 64S230-Semiprocessed

4.01 max,as spec,d

1.82 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 64S230-Semiprocessed

5.07 max,as spec,d

2.30 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 64S260-Semiprocessed

4.53 max,as spec,d

2.05 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 64S260-Semiprocessed

5.73 max,as spec,d

2.60 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 64S290-Semiprocessed

5.05 max,as spec,d

2.29 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 64S290-Semiprocessed

6.39 max,as spec,d

2.90 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 64S350-Semiprocessed

6.10 max,as spec,d

2.77 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683 64S350-Semiprocessed

7.72 max,as spec,d

3.50 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

70

ASTM A683M 47S386MSemiprocessed

3.05 max,as spec

1.38 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

71

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Magnetically Soft Materials / 241

Table 8.6 Core Loss ( Pc ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Pc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

W/kg

W/lb

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Nonoriented Electrical Steel ASTM A683M 47S386MSemiprocessed

3.86 max,as spec

1.75 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 47S419MSemiprocessed

3.31 max,as spec

1.50 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 47S419MSemiprocessed

4.19 max,as spec

1.90 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 47S441MSemiprocessed

3.48 max,as spec

1.58 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 47S441MSemiprocessed

4.41 max,as spec

2.00 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 47S507MSemiprocessed

4.01 max,as spec

1.82 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 47S507MSemiprocessed

5.07 max,as spec

2.30 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 47S551MSemiprocessed

4.35 max,as spec

1.98 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 47S551MSemiprocessed

5.51 max,as spec

2.50 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 47S661MSemiprocessed

5.22 max,as spec

2.37 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 47S661MSemiprocessed

6.61 max,as spec

3.00 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 64S441MSemiprocessed

3.48 max,as spec

1.58 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 64S441MSemiprocessed

4.41 max,as spec

2.00 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 64S474MSemiprocessed

3.74 max,as spec

1.70 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 64S474MSemiprocessed

4.74 max,as spec

2.15 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 64S507MSemiprocessed

4.01 max,as spec

1.82 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 64S507MSemiprocessed

5.07 max,as spec

2.30 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

71

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

242 / Magnetic Properties

Table 8.6 Core Loss ( Pc ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Pc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

W/kg

W/lb

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Nonoriented Electrical Steel ASTM A683M 64S573MSemiprocessed

4.53 max,as spec

2.05 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 64S573MSemiprocessed

5.73 max,as spec

2.60 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 64S639MSemiprocessed

5.05 max,as spec

2.29 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 64S639MSemiprocessed

6.39 max,as spec

2.90 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 64S772MSemiprocessed

6.10 max,as spec

2.77 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

71

ASTM A683M 64S772MSemiprocessed

7.72 max,as spec

3.50 max,as spec,d

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) thick. Epstein specimens

71

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Oriented Electrical Steel ASTM A876/876M 18G041-Fully processed

0.68 max,as spec

0.31 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.18 mm mm (0.0070 in.) thick. Test method ASTM A 772

86

ASTM A876/876M 18G041-Fully processed

0.90 max,as spec

0.41 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.18 mm mm (0.0070 in.) thick. Test method ASTM A 343

86

ASTM A876/876M 23G045-Fully processed

0.75 max,as spec

0.34 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.23 mm (0.0090 in.) thick. Test method ASTM A 772

86

ASTM A876/876M 23G045-Fully processed

0.99 max,as spec

0.45 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.23 mm (0.0090 in.) thick. Test method ASTM A 343

86

ASTM A876/876M 23H070-Fully processed

1.17 max,as spec

0.53 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.7 T, 50 Hz (17 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.23 mm (0.0090 in.) thick. Test method ASTM A 772

86

ASTM A876/876M 23H070-Fully processed

1.54 max,as spec

0.70 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.7 T, 60 Hz (17 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.23 mm (0.0090 in.) thick. Test method ASTM A 772

86

ASTM A876/876M 23P060-Fully processed

1.01 max,as spec

0.46 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.7 T, 50 Hz (17 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.23 mm (0.0090 in.) thick. Test method ASTM A 772

86

ASTM A876/876M 23P060-Fully processed

1.32 max,as spec

0.60 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.7 T, 60 Hz (17 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.23 mm (0.0090 in.) thick. Test method ASTM A 772

86

ASTM A876/876M 23Q054-Fully processed

0.90 max,as spec

0.41 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.7 T, 50 Hz (17 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.23mm (0.0090 in.) thick. Test method ASTM A 772

86

ASTM A876/876M 23Q054-Fully processed

1.19 max,as spec

0.54 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.7 T, 60 Hz (17 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.23mm (0.0090 in.) thick. Test method ASTM A 772

86

ASTM A876/876M 27G051-Fully processed

0.85 max,as spec

0.39 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.27 mm (0.0106 in.) thick. Test method ASTM A 772

86

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Magnetically Soft Materials / 243

Table 8.6 Core Loss ( Pc ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Pc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

W/kg

W/lb

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Oriented Electrical Steel ASTM A876/876M 27G051-Fully processed

1.12 max,as spec

0.51 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.27 mm (0.0106 in.) thick. Test method ASTM A 772

86

ASTM A876/876M 27H074-Fully processed

1.24 max,as spec

0.56 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.7 T, 50 Hz (17 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.27mm (0.0106 in.) thick. Test method ASTM A 343

86

ASTM A876/876M 27H074-Fully processed

1.63 max,as spec

0.74 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.7 T, 60 Hz (17 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.27mm (0.0106 in.) thick. Test method ASTM A 772

86

ASTM A876/876M 27P066-Fully processed

1.11 max,as spec

0.50 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.7 T, 50 Hz (17 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.27 mm (0.0106 in.) thick. Test method ASTM A 772

86

ASTM A876/876M 27P066-Fully processed

1.46 max,as spec

0.66 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.7 T, 60 Hz (17 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.27 mm (0.0106 in.) thick. Test method ASTM A 772

86

ASTM A876/876M 27Q057-Fully processed

0.97 max,as spec

0.44 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.7 T, 50 Hz (17 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.27 mm (0.0106 in.) thick. Test method ASTM A 343

86

ASTM A876/876M 27Q057-Fully processed

1.28 max,as spec

0.58 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.7 T, 60 Hz (17 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.27 mm (0.0106 in.) thick. Test method ASTM A 772

86

ASTM A876/876M 30G058-Fully processed

0.97 max,as spec

0.44 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.30 mm (0.0118 in.) thick. Test method ASTM A 772

86

ASTM A876/876M 30G058-Fully processed

1.28 max,as spec

0.58 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.30 mm (0.0118 in.) thick. Test method ASTM A 772

86

ASTM A876/876M 30H083-Fully processed

1.39 max,as spec

0.63 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.7 T, 50 Hz (17 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.30 mm (0.0118 in.) thick. Test method ASTM A 772

86

ASTM A876/876M 30H083-Fully processed

1.83 max,as spec

0.83 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.7 T, 60 Hz (17 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.30 mm (0.0118 in.) thick. Test method ASTM A 772

86

ASTM A876/876M 35G066-Fully processed

1.11 max,as spec

0.50 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.5 T, 50 Hz (15 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.35 mm (0.0138 in.) thick. Test method ASTM A 343

86

ASTM A876/876M 35G066-Fully processed

1.46 max,as spec

0.66 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, frequency

1.5 T, 60 Hz (15 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.35 mm (0.0138 in.) thick. Test method ASTM A 772

86

ASTM A876/876M 35H094-Fully processed

1.57 max,as spec

0.71 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.7 T, 50 Hz (17 kG, 50Hz)

Sheet, 0.35 mm (0.0138 in.) thick. Test method ASTM A 772

86

ASTM A876/876M 35H094-Fully processed

2.07 max,as spec

0.94 max,as spec

Magnetic induction, freq

1.7 T, 60 Hz (17 kG, 60Hz)

Sheet, 0.35 mm (0.0138 in.) thick. Test method ASTM A 343

86

Nickel, Magnetically Soft Nickel, Nonoriented Magnetically Soft Nickel 49NiFe-Annealed

0.00015 t

0.000069 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.004 T, 400 Hz (40 G, 400 Hz)

0.15 mm (0.006 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.00021 t

0.000094 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.004 T, 400 Hz (40 G, 400 Hz)

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

85

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

244 / Magnetic Properties

Table 8.6 Core Loss ( Pc ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Pc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

W/kg

W/lb

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Nickel, Magnetically Soft Nickel, Nonoriented Magnetically Soft Nickel 49NiFe-Annealed

0.000009 t 0.000004 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.004 T, 60 Hz (40 G, 60 Hz)

0.15 mm (0.006 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.000011 t 0.000005 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.004 T, 60 Hz (40 G, 60 Hz)

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.00021 t

0.000094 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.020 T, 60 Hz (200 G, 60 Hz)

0.15 mm (0.006 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.00021 t

0.000097 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.020 T, 60 Hz (200 G, 60 Hz)

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.0032 t

0.00145 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.020 T,400 Hz (200 G, 400 Hz)

0.15 mm (0.006 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.00434 t

0.00197 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.020 T,400 Hz (200 G, 400 Hz)

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.238 t

0.108 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.200 T, 400 Hz (2 kG, 400 Hz)

0.15 mm (0.006 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.282 t

0.128 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.200 T, 400 Hz (2 kG, 400 Hz)

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.013 t

0.0058 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.200 T, 60 Hz (2 kG, 60 Hz)

0.15 mm (0.006 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.015 t

0.0067 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.200 T, 60 Hz (2 kG, 60 Hz)

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.705 t

0.32 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.400 T, 400 Hz (4 kG, 400 Hz)

0.15 mm (0.006 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.905 t

0.41 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.400 T, 400 Hz (4 kG, 400 Hz)

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.044 t

0.0199 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.400 T, 60 Hz (4 kG, 60 Hz)

0.15 mm (0.006 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.048 t

0.0217 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.400 T, 60 Hz (4 kG, 60 Hz)

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

2.31 t

1.05 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.800 T, 400 Hz (8 kG, 400 Hz)

0.15 mm (0.006 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

3.88 t

1.76 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.800 T, 400 Hz (8 kG, 400 Hz)

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.135 t

0.062 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.800 T, 60 Hz (8 kG, 60 Hz)

0.15 mm (0.006 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.16 t

0.073 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.800 T, 60 Hz (8 kG, 60 Hz)

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

85

Nickel, Magnetically Soft Nickel, Semioriented Magnetically Soft Nickel 49NiFe-Annealed

0.00011 t

0.000052 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.004 T, 400 Hz (40 G, 400 Hz)

0.15 mm (0.006 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.0002 t

0.000091 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.004 T, 400 Hz (40 G, 400 Hz)

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.000007 t 0.000003 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.004 T, 60 Hz (40 G, 60 Hz)

0.15 mm (0.006 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.00013 t

0.00006 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.020 T, 60 Hz (200 G, 60 Hz)

0.15 mm (0.006 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.00022 t

0.0001 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.020 T, 60 Hz (200 G, 60 Hz)

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

85

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Magnetically Soft Materials / 245

Table 8.6 Core Loss ( Pc ) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Pc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

W/kg

W/lb

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Nickel, Magnetically Soft Nickel, Semioriented Magnetically Soft Nickel 49NiFe-Annealed

0.00238 t

0.00108 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.020 T,400 Hz (200 G, 400 Hz)

0.15 mm (0.006 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.0044 t

0.002 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.020 T,400 Hz (200 G, 400 Hz)

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.172 t

0.078 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.200 T, 400 Hz (2 kG, 400 Hz)

0.15 mm (0.006 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.306 t

0.139 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.200 T, 400 Hz (2 kG, 400 Hz)

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.0086 t

0.0039 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.200 T, 60 Hz (2 kG, 60 Hz)

0.15 mm (0.006 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.015 t

0.0066 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.200 T, 60 Hz (2 kG, 60 Hz)

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.55 t

0.25 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.400 T, 400 Hz (4 kG, 400 Hz)

0.15 mm (0.006 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

1.01 t

0.46 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.400 T, 400 Hz (4 kG, 400 Hz)

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.031 t

0.014 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.400 T, 60 Hz (4 kG, 60 Hz)

0.15 mm (0.006 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.051 t

0.023 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.400 T, 60 Hz (4 kG, 60 Hz)

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

1.7 t

0.79 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.800 T, 400 Hz (8 kG, 400 Hz)

0.15 mm (0.006 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

4.8 t

2.2 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.800 T, 400 Hz (8 kG, 400 Hz)

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.105 t

0.047 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.800 T, 60 Hz (8 kG, 60 Hz)

0.15 mm (0.006 in.) thick

85

49NiFe-Annealed

0.185 t

0.083 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.800 T, 60 Hz (8 kG, 60 Hz)

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

85

Nickel, Magnetically Soft Nickel, Unclassified Magnetically Soft Nickel 79Ni4MoFe-Annealed

0.000099 t 0.000045 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.020 T, 60 Hz (200 G, 60 Hz)

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

85

79Ni4MoFe-Annealed

0.0065 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.200 T, 60 Hz (2 kG, 60 Hz)

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

85

79Ni5MoFe-Annealed

0.000024 t 0.000011 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.020 T, 60 Hz (200 G, 60 Hz)

0.10 mm (0.004 in.) thick

85

79Ni5MoFe-Annealed

0.000051 t 0.000023 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.020 T, 60 Hz (200 G, 60 Hz)

0.15 mm (0.006 in.) thick

85

79Ni5MoFe-Annealed

0.003 t

Magnetic induction, freq

0.200 T, 60 Hz (2 kG, 60 Hz)

0.15 mm (0.006 in.) thick

85

0.00295 t

0.00136 t

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

246 / Magnetic Properties

Table 8.7 Hysteresis Loss ( Wh) of Magnetically Soft Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

Wh Parameter Values 3 3 SI (Cust) J/m per cycle erg/cm per cycle Parameters

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Silicon Core Iron Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "A"Annealed

2.91E-10 t,d

2910 t

Temperature

RT

Test bar d = 9.53 mm (0.375 in.)

57

Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "B"Annealed

2.54E-10 t,d

2540 t

Temperature

RT

Test bar d = 9.53 mm (0.375 in.)

57

(1.8 to 2.4)E-12

18 to 24

Magnetic field strength

80 A/m (1 Oe)

All shapes

57

6.9E15 u,d

Magnetic induction

0.5 T (5 kG)

Pure metal, R depends on purity

83

Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Molybdenum Carpenter HyMu "80" Alloy

Refractory, Cobalt, Commercially Pure Co

690 u

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

ASM Ready Reference Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Charles Moosbrugger, editor, p247-262 DOI: 10.1361/empm2000p247

Copyright © 2000 ASM International® All rights reserved. www.asminternational.org

Chapter 9

Magnetically Hard Materials THE FIRST CONTACT humans had with magnetic properties occurred with naturally occurring lodestones. The stones were first discovered by the Chinese and later by the Greeks. These stones were found in the Greek city state of Magnesia, hence, the name magnet. Permanent magnets are “permanent” in that these materials will retain the induced magnetic field after the magnetizing field is removed. Permanent magnets will lose magnetization as

their temperature increases. Up to a certain point, this loss is linear and the change is reversible. Magnetization will return on a lowering of temperature. Beyond this normal operating region, the change would be irreversible. As the Curie temperature (Tc) is approached, the magnetic flux approaches zero. While it is beyond the operating range, the Curie temperature is an indication of thermal stability. Generally, the higher the Tc is, the more thermally stable the material.

+B

For permanent magnets, the second quadrant of the B-H curve (Fig. 9.1a) is of interest and is called the demagnetization curve. The product of BH for all points along the curve map an energy-product curve (Fig. 9.1b). This curve is important for comparing the quality of permanent magnet materials. In the design of permanent magnet devices, it indicates the most efficient point at which work can be done by the permanent magnet in its air gap.

B

Bd

Normal induction

Br

(BdHd)max

–H Hc (a)

Fig. 9.1

Hd

0

Demagnetizing field

(a) Demagnetization curve and (b) energy product curve for a permanent magnet

0 (b)

BdHd

248 / Magnetic Properties

Table 9.1 Coercive Force ( H c ) of Magnetically Hard Material Families Hc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

A/m

Oe

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust) Notes

Reference

Cast Iron, Miscellaneous Type CC Meehanite-As cast

995 u,d

12.5 u

Temperature

RT

Corrosion resistant iron. As cast

66

Bonded Ferrite A

155,000 nom

1,940 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Bonded Ferrite B

92,000 nom

1,150 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Ceramic Permanent Magnet

Ceramic 10 (hard ferrite)

236,000 t,d

2950 t

Temperature

RT

95

Ceramic 10 (hard ferrite)

244,000 intrinsic,t,d

3050 intrinsic,t

Temperature

RT

95

Ceramic 8 (hard ferrite)

236,000 t,d

2950 t

Temperature

RT

95

Ceramic 8 (hard ferrite)

256,000 intrinsic,t,d

3200 intrinsic,t

Temperature

RT

95

Sintered Ferrite 1

145,000 nom

1,800 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Sintered Ferrite 1

276,000 nom

3,450 nom

Temperature

RT

Sintered Ferrite 2

175,000 nom

2,200 nom

Temperature

RT

Sintered Ferrite 2

185,000 nom

2,300 nom

Temperature

RT

Intrinsic

88

Sintered Ferrite 3

292,000 nom

3,650 nom

Temperature

RT

Intrinsic

88

Sintered Ferrite 3

240,000 nom

3,000 nom

Temperature

RT

Sintered Ferrite 4

185,000 nom

2300 nom

Temperature

RT

Sintered Ferrite 4

175,000 nom

2,200 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Sintered Ferrite 5

250,000 nom

3,150 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Sintered Ferrite 5

287,000 nom

3590 nom

Temperature

RT

Intrinsic

88

20690 t,d

260 t

Temperature

RT

Wire and strip

66

Intrinsic

88 88

88 Intrinsic

88

Copper, Wrought, Copper Nickel Cunife II

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Ductile Permanent Magnet Carpenter "73" Alloy

4800 u

60 u

Temperature

RT

All shapes

57

Carpenter "83" Alloy

6400 u

80 u

Temperature

RT

All shapes

57

Carpenter Chrominur II

26,000 u

320 u

Temperature

RT

All shapes

57

Carpenter P6 Alloy

5000 u

63 u

Temperature

RT

All shapes

57

Carpenter Vicalloy I-Aged for max energy product

16,700 t,d

210 t

Magnetic field strength

80000 A/m (1000 Oe)

All shapes

57

Carpenter Vicalloy I-Aged for max energy product

17,000 u

210 u

Temperature

RT

All shapes

57

Temperature

25 C (77F)

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Iron Cobalt GE Alloy P6

4800 u

60 u

66

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Neodymium Iron Boron Bonded neodymium

720,000 nom

9000 nom

Temperature

RT

Sintered. Intrinsic

88

Bonded neodymium

430,000 nom

5400 nom

Temperature

RT

Sintered

88

Hotformed neodymium

1,200,000 nom

15,000 nom

Temperature

RT

Sintered. Intrinsic

88

Hotformed neodymium

880,000 nom

11,000 nom

Temperature

RT

Sintered

88

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Magnetically Hard Materials / 249

Table 9.1 Coercive Force ( H c ) of Magnetically Hard Material Families Hc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

A/m

Oe

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust) Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Neodymium Iron Boron Hotpressed neodymium

560,000 nom

7,000 nom

Temperature

RT

Sintered

88

Hotpressed neodymium

1,280,000 nom

16,000 nom

Temperature

RT

Sintered. Intrinsic

88

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFB10

800,000 intrinsic,t,d

10,000 intrinsic,t Temperature

RT

Polymer bonded

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFB10

400,000 t,d

5000 t

Temperature

RT

Polymer bonded

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFB10

440,000 min,d

5500 min

Temperature

RT

Polymer bonded

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFB10

640,000 intrinsic,min,d

8000 intrinsic,min

Temperature

RT

Polymer bonded

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS24UH

760,000 t,d

9500 t

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS24UH

2,000,000 intrinsic,t,d

25,000 intrinsic,t Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS24UH

720,000 min,d

9000 min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS24UH

1,840,000 intrinsic,min,d

23,000 intrinsic,min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS27H

1,360,000 intrinsic,min,d

17,000 intrinsic,min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS27H

760,000 min,d

9500 min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS27H

1,520,000 intrinsic,t,d

19,000 intrinsic,t Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS27H

800,000 t,d

10,000 t

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS28UH

784,000 min,d

9800 min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS28UH

2,000,000 intrinsic,t,d

25,000 intrinsic,t Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS28UH

832,000 t,d

10,400 t

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS28UH

1,840,000 intrinsic,min,d

23,000 intrinsic,min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS30

800,000 min,d

10,000 min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS30

960,000 intrinsic,min,d

12,000 intrinsic,min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS30

1,120,000 intrinsic,t,d

14,000 intrinsic,t Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS30

840,000 t,d

10,500 t

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS33

840,000 min,d

10,500 min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS33

1,120,000 intrinsic,t,d

14,000 intrinsic,t Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

250 / Magnetic Properties

Table 9.1 Coercive Force ( H c ) of Magnetically Hard Material Families Hc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

A/m

Oe

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust) Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Neodymium Iron Boron NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS33

880,000 t,d

11,000 t

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS33

960,000 intrinsic,min,d

12,000 intrinsic,min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS35

960,000 intrinsic,min,d

12,000 intrinsic,min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS35

1,120,000 intrinsic,t,d

14,000 intrinsic,t Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS35

880,000 min,d

11,000 min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS35

920,000 t,d

11,500 t

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS45

1,008,000 t,d

12,600 t

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS45

1,200,000 intrinsic,t,d

15,000 intrinsic,t Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS45

960,000 intrinsic,min,d

12,000 intrinsic,min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS45

976,000 min,d

12,200 min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

Sintered neodymium

>1,350,000 nom >17,000 nom

Temperature

RT

Sintered. Intrinsic

88

Sintered neodymium

848,000 nom

Temperature

RT

Sintered

88

10,600 nom

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Unclassified Alnico 1

36,000 nom

455 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast. Intrinsic

88

Alnico 1

35,000 nom

440 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 12

115,000 nom

1,450 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 2

76,000 nom

950 nom

Temperature

RT

Scintered

88

Alnico 2

46,000 nom

580 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast. Intrinsic

88

Alnico 2

44,000 nom

550 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 2

44,000 nom

545 nom

Temperature

RT

Scintered. Intrinsic

88

Alnico 3

38,000 nom

470 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 3

39,000 nom

485 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast. Intrinsic

88

Alnico 4

56,000 nom

700 nom

Temperature

RT

Scintered

88

Alnico 4

58,000 nom

730 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 4

62,000 nom

770 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast. Intrinsic

88

Alnico 4

61,000 nom

760 nom

Temperature

RT

Scintered. Intrinsic

88

Alnico 5

50,000 nom

625 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast. Intrinsic

88

Alnico 5

50,000 nom

620 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 5

48,000 nom

600 nom

Temperature

RT

Scintered

88

Alnico 5

48,000 nom

605 nom

Temperature

RT

Scintered. Intrinsic

88

Alnico 5-7

59,000 nom

735 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast. Intrinsic

88

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Magnetically Hard Materials / 251

Table 9.1 Coercive Force ( H c ) of Magnetically Hard Material Families Hc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

A/m

Oe

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust) Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Unclassified Alnico 5-7

58,000 nom

730 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 5-7

42,000 nom

525 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 5DG

52,000 nom

655 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast. Intrinsic

88

Alnico 5DG

52,000 nom

650 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 6

60,000 nom

750 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 6

63,000 nom

790 nom

Temperature

RT

Scintered. Intrinsic

88

Alnico 6

61,000 nom

760 nom

Temperature

RT

Scintered

88

Alnico 8

125,000 nom

1,550 nom

Temperature

RT

Scintered

88

Alnico 8

134,000 nom

1,675 nom

Temperature

RT

Scintered. Intrinsic

88

Alnico 8

84,000 nom

1,050 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 8

138,000 nom

1,720 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast. Intrinsic

88

Alnico 9

130,000 nom

1,600 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Chromium steel (3.5%Cr)

5,300 nom

66 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Cobalt steel (17%Co)

14,000 nom

170 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Cobalt steel (36%Co)

19,000 nom

240 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Cunife

44,000 nom

555 nom

Temperature

RT

Cunife

44,000 nom

550 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Tungsten steel (6%W)

5,900 nom

74 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Intrinsic

88

Noble, Platinum, Platinum Cobalt Permanent Magnet Platinum cobalt

355,000 nom

4,450 nom

Temperature

RT

Platinum cobalt

430,000 nom

5,400 nom

Temperature

RT

Intrinsic

88

88

8200 u

Temperature

RT

Magnet alloy

66

Refractory, Cobalt, Cobalt Rare Earth INCOR 18

656,000 u,d

INCOR 18

955,000 Intrinsic >12,000 Intrinsic Temperature

RT

Magnet alloy

66

INCOR 21

664,000 u,d

8300 u

Temperature

RT

Magnet alloy

66

INCOR 21

800,000 Intrinsic,d

>10,000 Intrinsic Temperature

RT

Magnet alloy

66

RAECO-15

560,000 u,d

7000 u

Temperature

RT

Magnet alloy

66

RAECO-15

1,200,000 Intrinsic,d

15,000 Intrinsic

Temperature

RT

Magnet alloy

66

Intrinsic

88

Refractory, Cobalt, Cobalt Rare Earth Permanent Magnet Cobalt rare earth 1

1,600,000 nom

20,000 nom

Temperature

RT

Cobalt rare earth 1

720,000 nom

9,000 nom

Temperature

RT

Cobalt rare earth 2

>2,000,000 nom >25,000 nom

Temperature

RT

Cobalt rare earth 2

640,000 nom

Temperature

RT

Cobalt rare earth 3

>1,200,000 nom >15,000 nom

Temperature

RT

Cobalt rare earth 3

535,000 nom

Temperature

RT

8,000 nom

6,700 nom

88 Intrinsic

88 88

Intrinsic

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

88 88

252 / Magnetic Properties

Table 9.1 Coercive Force ( H c ) of Magnetically Hard Material Families Hc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

A/m

Oe

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust) Notes

Reference

Refractory, Cobalt, Cobalt Rare Earth Permanent Magnet Cobalt rare earth 4

640,000 nom

8,000 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Cobalt rare earth 4

>640,000 nom

>8,000 nom

Temperature

RT

Intrinsic

88

Sm1Co5, Stanford Magnets Grade SCB8

320,000 min,d

4000 min

Temperature

RT

Bonded

95

Sm1Co5, Stanford Magnets Grade SCB8

800,000 intrinsic,min,d

10,000 intrinsic,min

Temperature

RT

Bonded

95

Sm1Co5, Stanford Magnets Grade SCB8

360,000 t,d

4500 t

Temperature

RT

Bonded

95

Sm1Co5, Stanford Magnets Grade SCB8

880,000 intrinsic,t,d

11,000 intrinsic,t Temperature

RT

Bonded

95

Sm1Co5, Stanford Magnets Grade SCSI-24

1,200,000 intrinsic,min,d

15,000 intrinsic,min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

Sm1Co5, Stanford Magnets Grade SCSI-24

696,000 t,d

8700 t

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

Sm1Co5, Stanford Magnets Grade SCSI-24

680,000 min,d

8500 min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

Sm1Co5, Stanford Magnets Grade SCSI-24

1,360,000 intrinsic,t,d

17,000 intrinsic,t Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

Sm2Co15, Stanford Magnets Grade SCB12

880,000 intrinsic,t,d

11,000 intrinsic,t Temperature

RT

Bonded

95

Sm2Co15, Stanford Magnets Grade SCB12

800,000 intrinsic,min,d

10,000 intrinsic,min

Temperature

RT

Bonded

95

Sm2Co15, Stanford Magnets Grade SCB12

440,000 t,d

5500 t

Temperature

RT

Bonded

95

Sm2Co15, Stanford Magnets Grade SCB12

400,000 min,d

5000 min

Temperature

RT

Bonded

95

Sm2Co15, Stanford Magnets Grade SCSII-30H

1,200,000 intrinsic,t,d

15,000 intrinsic,t Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

Sm2Co15, Stanford Magnets Grade SCSII-30H

816,000 t,d

10,200 t

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

Sm2Co15, Stanford Magnets Grade SCSII-30H

784,000 min,d

9800 min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

Sm2Co15, Stanford Magnets Grade SCSII-30H

960,000 intrinsic,min,d

12,000 intrinsic,min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

8.9 u

Magnetic induction

0.1 T (1000 G)

Pure metal, R depends on purity

83

25 t

Temperature

20 C (68F)

Refractory, Cobalt, Commercially Pure Co

708 u

Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Nickel CMW 3000

2000 t

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

58

Magnetically Hard Materials / 253

Table 9.2 Peak Induction ( B m , B max ) of Magnetically Hard Material Families B m , B max Alloy-temper (UNS number)

T

G

Parameters

Parameter Values SI (Cust) Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Ductile Permanent Magnet Carpenter "73" Alloy

1.30 u

13,000 u

Temperature

RT

All shapes

57

Carpenter "83" Alloy

1.25 u

12,500 u

Temperature

RT

All shapes

57

Carpenter Chrominur II

1.50 u

15,000 u

Temperature

RT

All shapes

57

Carpenter P6 Alloy

1.70 u

17,000 u

Temperature

RT

All shapes

57

Carpenter Vicalloy I-Aged for max energy product

1.20 u

12,000 u

Temperature

RT

All shapes

57

18,700 u

Temperature

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

83

Refractory, Cobalt, Commercially Pure Co

1.87 u

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

254 / Magnetic Properties

Table 9.3 Residual Induction ( B r ) of Magnetically Hard Material Families Parameter Values

Br Alloy-temper (UNS number)

T

G

Parameters

SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Ceramic Permanent Magnet Bonded Ferrite A

0.214 nom

2,140 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Bonded Ferrite B

0.14 nom

1,400 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Ceramic 10 (hard ferrite)

0.42 t,d

4200 t

Temperature

RT

95

Ceramic 8 (hard ferrite)

0.39 t,d

3850 t

Temperature

RT

95

Sintered Ferrite 1

0.22 nom

2,200 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Sintered Ferrite 2

0.38 nom

3,800 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Sintered Ferrite 3

0.32 nom

3,200 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Sintered Ferrite 4

0.40 nom

4,000 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Sintered Ferrite 5

0.355 nom

3,550 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Iron-Cobalt Soft Magnetic ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

1.00 t

10,000 t

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 Oe) Round bar, 13.5 mm (0.531 in.)

74

ASTM A801/A801M Alloy 1

1.45 t

14,500 t

Magnetic field strength

8000 A/m (100 Oe) Ring, 0.35 mm (0.014 in.)

74

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Ductile Permanent Magnet Carpenter "73" Alloy

1.03 t,d

10,300 t

Temperature

RT

All shapes

57

Carpenter "83" Alloy

0.97 t,d

9700 t

Temperature

RT

All shapes

57

Carpenter Chrominur II

1.01 t,d

10,100 t

Temperature

RT

All shapes

57

Carpenter P6 Alloy

1.44 t,d

14,400 t

Temperature

25 C (77F)

All shapes

57

Carpenter Vicalloy I-Aged for max energy product

1.07 t,d

10,700 t

Magnetic field strength

80000 A/m (1000 Oe)

All shapes

57

Carpenter Vicalloy I-Aged for max energy product

1.07 t

10,700 t

Magnetic field strength

80000 A/m (1000 Oe)

All shapes

57

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Iron Cobalt GE Alloy P6

1.42 u

14,200 u

Temperature

25 C (77F)

66

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Neodymium Iron Boron Bonded neodymium

0.69 nom

6,900 nom

Temperature

RT

Sintered

88

Hotformed neodymium

1.20 nom

12,000 nom

Temperature

RT

Sintered

88

Hotpressed neodymium

0.80 nom

8,000 nom

Temperature

RT

Sintered

88

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFB10

0.65 min,d

6500 min

Temperature

RT

Polymer bonded

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFB10

0.70 t,d

7000 t

Temperature

RT

Polymer bonded

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS24UH

1.04 t,d

10,400 t

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS24UH

1.00 min,d

10,000 min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS27H

1.06 t,d

10,600 t

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS27H

1.02 min,d

10,200 min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS28UH

1.05 min,d

10,500 min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Magnetically Hard Materials / 255

Table 9.3 Residual Induction ( B r ) of Magnetically Hard Material Families Parameter Values

Br Alloy-temper (UNS number)

T

G

Parameters

SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Neodymium Iron Boron NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS28UH

1.09 t,d

10,900 t

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS30

1.08 min,d

10,800 min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS30

1.12 t,d

11,200 t

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS33

1.13 min,d

11,300 min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS33

1.17 t,d

11,700 t

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS35

1.16 min,d

11,600 min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS35

1.20 t,d

12,000 t

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS45

1.35 t,d

13,500 t

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS45

1.30 min,d

13,000 min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

Sintered neodymium

1.16 nom

11,600 nom

Temperature

RT

Sintered

88

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Unclassified Alnico 1

0.71 nom

7,100 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 12

0.60 nom

6,000 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 2

0.725 nom

7,250 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 2

0.67 nom

6,700 nom

Temperature

RT

Scintered

88

Alnico 3

0.70 nom

7,000 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 4

0.52 nom

5,200 nom

Temperature

RT

Scintered

88

Alnico 4

0.535 nom

5,350 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 5

1.25 nom

12,500 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 5

1.04 nom

10,400 nom

Temperature

RT

Scintered

88

Alnico 5-7

1.32 nom

13,200 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 5DG

1.29 nom

12,900 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 6

1.05 nom

10,500 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 6

0.88 nom

8,800 nom

Temperature

RT

Scintered

88

Alnico 7

0.857 nom

8,570 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 8

0.83 nom

8,300 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 8

0.76 nom

7,600 nom

Temperature

RT

Scintered

88

Alnico 9

1.05 nom

10,500 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Chromium steel (3.5%Cr)

0.95 nom

9,500 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Cobalt steel (17%Co)

0.95 nom

9,500 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Cobalt steel (36%Co)

0.975 nom

9,750 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Cunife

0.54 nom

5,400 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Tungsten steel (6%W)

0.95 nom

9,500 nom

Temperature

RT

88

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

256 / Magnetic Properties

Table 9.3 Residual Induction ( B r ) of Magnetically Hard Material Families Parameter Values

Br Alloy-temper (UNS number)

T

G

Parameters

SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Noble, Platinum, Platinum Cobalt Permanent Magnet Platinum cobalt

0.645 nom

6,450 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Refractory, Cobalt, Cobalt Rare Earth INCOR 18

0.88 u

8800 u

Temperature

RT

Magnet alloy

66

INCOR 21

0.94 u

9400 u

Temperature

RT

Magnet alloy

66

RAECO-15

0.8 u

8000 u

Temperature

RT

Magnet alloy

66

Refractory, Cobalt, Cobalt Rare Earth Permanent Magnet Cobalt rare earth 1

0.92 nom

9,200 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Cobalt rare earth 2

0.86 nom

8,600 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Cobalt rare earth 3

0.80 nom

8,000 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Cobalt rare earth 4

1.13 nom

11,300 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Sm1Co5, Stanford Magnets Grade SCB8

0.55 t,d

5500 t

Temperature

RT

Bonded

95

Sm1Co5, Stanford Magnets Grade SCB8

0.50 min,d

5000 min

Temperature

RT

Bonded

95

Sm1Co5, Stanford Magnets Grade SCSI-24

1.00 min,d

10,000 min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

Sm1Co5, Stanford Magnets Grade SCSI-24

1.02 t,d

10,200 t

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

Sm2Co15, Stanford Magnets Grade SCB12

0.80 t,d

8000 t

Temperature

RT

Bonded

95

Sm2Co15, Stanford Magnets Grade SCB12

0.70 min,d

7000 min

Temperature

RT

Bonded

95

Sm2Co15, Stanford Magnets Grade SCSII-30H

1.08 min,d

10,800 min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

Sm2Co15, Stanford Magnets Grade SCSII-30H

1.15 t,d

11,500 t

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

4900 u

Magnetic induction

Pure metal, R depends on purity

83

15,000 u

Magnetic field strength

0.95 t

9500 t

Temperature

20 C (68F)

1.38 t

13,800 t

Temperature

RT

All shapes. ASTM A 341

57

Carpenter "49" Alloy (K94840)

0.9 u,d

9000 u

Temperature

RT

Bar

57

Carpenter "49" Alloy (K94840)

0.9 u,d

9000 u

Temperature

RT

Bar

57

Carpenter "49" Alloy (K94840)

0.9 u,d

9000 u

Temperature

RT

Strip 0.64 to 3.18 mm (0.025 to 1.25 in.) thick

57

Refractory, Cobalt, Commercially Pure Co

0.49 u

0.1 T (1000 G)

Refractory, Cobalt, Soft Magnetic Alloy Covandur-Annealed

1.5

8000 A/m (100 Oe) CoFeV

66

Refractory, Tungsten, Tungsten Nickel CMW 3000

58

Steel, Alloy, Chromium Carpenter Chrome Core 8 & 8FM Alloys Steel, Alloy, Nickel

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Magnetically Hard Materials / 257

Table 9.3 Residual Induction ( B r ) of Magnetically Hard Material Families Parameter Values

Br Alloy-temper (UNS number)

T

G

Parameters

SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Steel, Alloy, Nickel Carpenter "49" Alloy (K94840)

0.9 u,d

9000 u

Temperature

RT

Strip 0.64 to 3.18 mm (0.025 to 1.25 in.) thick

57

Carpenter "49" Alloy-Annealed 1450 F (K94840)

0.99 u,d

9900 u

Magnetic induction

1.3 T (13 kG)

Ring t = 1.52 mm (0.060 in.)

57

Carpenter "49" Alloy-Annealed 1600 F (K94840)

1.02 u,d

10,200 u

Magnetic induction

1.3 T (13 kG)

Ring t = 1.52 mm (0.060 in.)

57

Carpenter "49" Alloy-Annealed 1750 F (K94840)

1.03 u,d

10,300 u

Magnetic induction

1.3 T (13 kG)

Ring t = 1.52 mm (0.060 in.)

57

Carpenter "49" Alloy-Annealed 2050 F (K94840)

1.09 u,d

10,900 u

Magnetic induction

1.3 T (13 kG)

Ring t = 1.52 mm (0.060 in.)

57

Carpenter "49" Alloy Rotor Grade (K94840)

0.9 u

9000 u

Temperature

RT

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

57

Carpenter "49" Alloy Rotor Grade (K94840)

0.9 u

9000 u

Temperature

RT

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

57

Carpenter "49" Alloy Transformer Grade (K94840)

0.9 u

9000 u

Temperature

RT

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

57

Carpenter "49" Alloy Transformer Grade (K94840)

0.9 u

9000 u

Temperature

RT

0.36 mm (0.014 in.) thick

57

1.26 t

12,600 t

Temperature

RT

All shapes. ASTM A 341

57

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Ferritic Carpenter Chrome Core 12 & 12FM Alloys

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

258 / Magnetic Properties

Table 9.4 Curie Temperature (Tc ) of Magnetically Hard Material Families Tc oC

oF

Bonded Ferrite A

450 approx

840 approx,d

88

Bonded Ferrite B

450 approx

840 approx,d

88

Ceramic 10 (hard ferrite)

450 t

842 t,d

95

Ceramic 8 (hard ferrite)

450 t

842 t,d

95

Sintered Ferrite 1

450 approx

840 approx

88

Sintered Ferrite 2

450 approx

840 approx

88

Sintered Ferrite 3

450 approx

840 approx

88

Sintered Ferrite 4

460 approx

860 approx

88

Sintered Ferrite 5

460 approx

860 approx

88

1185 approx

88

Alloy-temper (UNS number)

Notes

Reference

Ceramic Permanent Magnet

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Iron Chromium Cobalt FeCrCo

640 approx

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Neodymium Iron Boron NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFB10

350 t

662 t,d

Polymer bonded

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS24UH

350 t

662 t,d

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS27H

320 t

608 t,d

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS28UH

350 t

662 t,d

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS30

310 t

590 t,d

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS33

310 t

590 t,d

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS35

310 t

590 t,d

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS45

310 t

590 t,d

Sintered

95

Sintered neodymium

310 approx

590 approx

Sintered

88

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Unclassified Alnico 1

780 approx

1440 approx

Cast

88

Alnico 2

810 approx

1490 approx

Cast

88

Alnico 3

760 approx

1400 approx

Cast

88

Alnico 4

800 approx

1475 approx

Scintered

88

Alnico 4

800 approx

1475 approx

Cast

88

Alnico 5

900 approx

1650 approx

Cast

88

Alnico 5

900 approx

1650 approx

Scintered

88

Alnico 5-7

900 approx

1650 approx

Cast

88

Alnico 5-7

610 approx

1490 approx

Cast

88

Alnico 5DG

900 approx

1650 approx

Cast

88

Alnico 6

860 approx

1580 approx

Scintered

88

Alnico 6

860 approx

1580 approx

Cast

88

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Magnetically Hard Materials / 259

Table 9.4 Curie Temperature (Tc ) of Magnetically Hard Material Families Tc Alloy-temper (UNS number)

oC

oF

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Unclassified Alnico 8

860 approx

1580 approx

Scintered

88

Alnico 8

840 approx

1540 approx

Cast

88

Alnico 9

860 approx

1580 approx

Cast

88

Chromium steel (3.5%Cr)

745 approx

1370 approx

88

Cobalt steel (36%Co)

890 approx

1630 approx

88

Cunife

410 approx

770 approx

88

Tungsten steel (6%W)

760 approx

1400 approx

88

480 approx

900 approx

88

INCOR 18

680 approx

1256 approx,d

Magnet alloy

66

INCOR 21

680 approx

1256 approx,d

Magnet alloy

66

RAECO-15

750

1382

Magnet alloy

66

Noble, Platinum, Platinum Cobalt Permanent Magnet Platinum cobalt Refractory, Cobalt, Cobalt Rare Earth

Refractory, Cobalt, Cobalt Rare Earth Permanent Magnet Cobalt rare earth 1

725 approx

1340 approx

88

Cobalt rare earth 2

725 approx

1340 approx

88

Cobalt rare earth 3

725 approx

1340 approx

88

Cobalt rare earth 4

800 approx

1475 approx

88

Sm1Co5, Stanford Magnets Grade SCB8

720 t

1328 t,d

Bonded

95

Sm1Co5, Stanford Magnets Grade SCSI24

750 t

1382 t,d

Sintered

95

Sm2Co15, Stanford Magnets Grade SCB12

720 t

1328 t,d

Bonded

95

Sm2Co15, Stanford Magnets Grade SCSII30H

800 t

1472 t,d

Sintered

95

1121 u

2050 u

Pure metal, R depends on purity

83

Refractory, Cobalt, Commercially Pure Co

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

260 / Magnetic Properties

Table 9.5 Energy Product ( Bd H d ) of Magnetically Hard Material Families Parameter Values

Bd H Alloy-temper (UNS number)

T A/m

G Oe

Parameters

SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Ceramic Permanent Magnet Bonded Ferrite A

8,000 nom

1.00E+06 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Bonded Ferrite B

3,000 nom

4.00E+05 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Ceramic 10 (hard ferrite)

3.34E04 t,d

4.2E06 t

Temperature

RT

95

Ceramic 8 (hard ferrite)

2.79E04 t,d

3.5E06 t

Temperature

RT

95

Sintered Ferrite 1

8,000 nom

1.00E+06 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Sintered Ferrite 2

27,000 nom

3.40E+06 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Sintered Ferrite 3

20,000 nom

2.50E+06 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Sintered Ferrite 4

30,000 nom

3.70E+06 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Sintered Ferrite 5

24,000 nom

3.00E+06 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Temperature

25 C (77F)

66

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Iron Cobalt GE Alloy P6

3.26E03 max,d

410,000 max

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Neodymium Iron Boron Bonded neodymium

76,000 nom

9.50E+06 nom

Temperature

RT

Sintered

88

Hotformed neodymium

274,000 nom

3.42E+07 nom

Temperature

RT

Sintered

88

Hotpressed neodymium

110,000 nom

1.37E+07 nom

Temperature

RT

Sintered

88

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFB10

7.16E04 min,d

9.0E06 min

Temperature

RT

Polymer bonded

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFB10

7.96E04 t,d

10E06 t

Temperature

RT

Polymer bonded

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS24UH

1.75E05 min,d

22E06 min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS24UH

1.91E05 t,d

24E06 t

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS27H

1.99E05 min,d

25E06 min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS27H

2.15E05 t,d

27E06 t

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS28UH

2.07E05 min,d

26E06 min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS28UH

2.23E05 t,d

28E06 t

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS30

2.23E05 min,d

28E06 min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS30

2.39E05 t,d

30E06 t

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS33

2.47E05 min,d

31E06 min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS33

2.63E05 t,d

33E06 t

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS35

2.63E05 min,d

33E06 min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS35

2.79E05 t,d

35E06 t

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Magnetically Hard Materials / 261

Table 9.5 Energy Product ( Bd H d ) of Magnetically Hard Material Families Parameter Values

Bd H Alloy-temper (UNS number)

T A/m

G Oe

Parameters

SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Neodymium Iron Boron NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS45

3.58E05 t,d

45E06 t

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

NdFeB, Stanford Magnets Grade NFS45

3.42E05 min,d

43E06 min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

Sintered neodymium

255,000 nom

3.20E+07 nom

Temperature

RT

Sintered

88

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Permanent Magnet, Unclassified Alnico 1

11,000 nom

1.40E+06 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 12

14,000 nom

1.70E+06 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 2

13,000 nom

1.60E+06 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 2

12,000 nom

1.50E+06 nom

Temperature

RT

Scintered

88

Alnico 3

11,000 nom

1.40E+06 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 4

10,000 nom

1.30E+06 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 4

10,000 nom

1.20E+06 nom

Temperature

RT

Scintered

88

Alnico 5

42,000 nom

5.25E+06 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 5

29,000 nom

3.60E+06 nom

Temperature

RT

Scintered

88

Alnico 5-7

59,000 nom

7.40E+06 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 5DG

49,000 nom

6.10E+06 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 6

30,000 nom

3.70E+06 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 6

22,000 nom

2.75E+06 nom

Temperature

RT

Scintered

88

Alnico 7

30,000 nom

3.70E+06 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 8

40,000 nom

5.00E+06 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Alnico 8

36,000 nom

4.50E+06 nom

Temperature

RT

Scintered

88

Alnico 9

68,000 nom

8.50E+06 nom

Temperature

RT

Cast

88

Chromium steel (3.5%Cr)

2,300 nom

2.90E+05 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Cobalt steel (17%Co)

5,200 nom

6.50E+05 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Cobalt steel (36%Co)

7,400 nom

9.30E+05 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Cunife

12,000 nom

1.50E+06 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Tungsten steel (6%W)

2,600 nom

3.30E+05 nom

Temperature

RT

88

74,000 nom

9.20E+06 nom

Temperature

RT

88

INCOR 18

1.43E05 normal,d

18.0E06 normal Temperature

RT

Magnet alloy

66

INCOR 21

1.67E05 normal,d

21.0E06 normal Temperature

RT

Magnet alloy

66

RAECO-15

4.38E05 intrinsic,d

55E06 intrinsic

Temperature

RT

Magnet alloy

66

RAECO-15

1.19E05 normal,d

15E06 normal

Temperature

RT

Magnet alloy

66

Temperature

RT

Noble, Platinum, Platinum Cobalt Permanent Magnet Platinum cobalt Refractory, Cobalt, Cobalt Rare Earth

Refractory, Cobalt, Cobalt Rare Earth Permanent Magnet Cobalt rare earth 1

170,000 nom

2.10E+07 nom

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

88

262 / Magnetic Properties

Table 9.5 Energy Product ( Bd H d ) of Magnetically Hard Material Families Parameter Values

Bd H Alloy-temper (UNS number)

T A/m

G Oe

Parameters

SI (Cust)

Notes

Reference

Refractory, Cobalt, Cobalt Rare Earth Permanent Magnet Cobalt rare earth 2

145,000 nom

1.80E+07 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Cobalt rare earth 3

120,000 nom

1.50E+07 nom

Temperature

RT

88

Cobalt rare earth 4

240,000 nom

3.00E+07 nom

Temperature

RT

Sm1Co5, Stanford Magnets Grade SCB8

6.37E04 t,d

8E06 t

Temperature

RT

Bonded

95

Sm1Co5, Stanford Magnets Grade SCB8

4.78E04 min,d

6E06 min

Temperature

RT

Bonded

95

Sm1Co5, Stanford Magnets Grade SCSI-24

1.75E05 min,d

22E06 min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

Sm1Co5, Stanford Magnets Grade SCSI-24

1.91E05 t,d

24E06 t

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

Sm2Co15, Stanford Magnets Grade SCB12

7.96E04 min,d

10E06 min

Temperature

RT

Bonded

95

Sm2Co15, Stanford Magnets Grade SCB12

9.55E04 t,d

12E06 t

Temperature

RT

Bonded

95

Sm2Co15, Stanford Magnets Grade SCSII-30H

2.23E05 t,d

28E06 t

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

Sm2Co15, Stanford Magnets Grade SCSII-30H

2.07E05 min,d

26E06 min

Temperature

RT

Sintered

95

88

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

ASM Ready Reference Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Charles Moosbrugger, editor, p263-270 DOI: 10.1361/empm2000p263

Copyright © 2000 ASM International® All rights reserved. www.asminternational.org

Chapter 10

Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Materials MATERIALS INTERACT WITH MAGNETIC FIELDS in different ways. The ferromagnetic materials are strongly attracted to the field source. Paramagnetic materials will be oriented parallel to a strong field, while diamagnetic materials orient themselves perpendicular to the strong field. Superconductors display perfect diamagnetism within the core of the material in that they completely exclude the external magnetic field within their core. There is a magnetic penetration depth on the surface.

Susceptibility Magnetic materials properties are expressed

as susceptibility (κ), which is closely related to the permeability. In the SI system : κ=µr–1

the SI unit of density (kg/m3). Data from sources that have reported the mass susceptibility as χ -cgs units have been interpreted as the classic unit equals:

In the customary cgs-emu system: κ = (µ r –1 )/4π

In both systems, κ is unitless. If κ is slightly positive, the material is paramagnetic; if slightly negative, it is diamagnetic. The value of κ for free space is zero. Mass Susceptibility (χ). This is the preferred form of reporting data for magnetic susceptibility and is magnetic susceptibility (κ) divided by density (δ), with units of cm3/g. This is the preferred unit, although it does not use

χ = κ/δ χ = [(µ r –1)/4π]/δ

The preferred units of cm3/g were then derived by multiplying χ by 4π, uing 4π = 12.566. Molar susceptibility (χM) has units of cm3/mole. Atomic susceptibility (χA) is χ multiplied by the atomic weight of the material.

264 / Magnetic Properties

Table 10.1 Relative Permeability ( µ r ) of Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Material Families Magnetic Field Strength Alloy-temper (UNS number) Copper, Cast, Aluminum Bronze C95200 (C95200) C95300 (C95300) C95400-As cast (C95400) C95400-TQ50 (C95400) C95500-As cast (C95500) C95500-TQ50 (C95500) C95700-Annealed, fast cooled (C95700) C95700-As cast (C95700) C95800 (C95800)

µ r [unitless]

1.20 u 1.07 u 1.27 u 1.20 u 1.30 u 1.20 u 1.03 u 2.2 to 15.0 u 1.05 u

A/m 200 100 200 200 200 200

Oe

Temperature oC oF

16000 8000 16000 16000 16000 16000 RT RT

200

16000

Copper, Cast, Commercially Pure Copper C81100 (C81100) 1.0 u

Notes

Reference

Casting Casting Casting Casting Sand casting Sand casting Sand casting

16 16 16 16 16 16 16

Sand casting Sand casting

16 16

RT

Copper, Cast, High Copper C81500-Heat treated (C81500) 1.0 u Copper, Cast, High Leaded Tin Bronze Copper C93500 (C93500) 1.0 u C93700 (C93700) 1.0 u C93800 (C93800) 1.0 u C94400 (C94400) 1.0 u

16

RT

Casting alloy

16

RT RT RT RT

Sand Casting Casting Casting Casting

16 16 16 16

Copper, Cast, Leaded Red Brass C83600 (C83600) C83800 (C83800)

1.0 u 1.0 u

RT RT

Casting Sand Casting

16 16

Copper, Cast, Leaded Tin Bronze C92200 (C92200) C93900 (C93900)

1.0 u 1.0 u

RT RT

Sand Casting

16 16

Copper, Cast, Leaded Yellow Brass C85200 (C85200) C85400 (C85400) C85700 (C85700) C85800 (C85800)

1.0 u 1.0 u 1.00 u 1.00 u

RT RT RT RT

Sand Casting Sand Casting Sand Casting Die casting

16 16 16 16

Sand Casting Casting Sand Casting

16 16 16 16

Copper, Cast, Manganese Bronze C86100 (C86100) C86200 (C86200) C86300 (C86300) C86500 (C86500) Copper, Cast, Semi-Red Brass C84400 (C84400) C84800 (C84800)

1.0 u 1.0 u

RT RT

Sand Casting Sand Casting

16 16

Copper, Cast, Silicon Brass C87500 (C87500)

1.0 u

RT

Sand Casting

16

1.24 u 1.24 u 1.09 u 1.09 u

200 200 200 200

16000 16000 16000 16000

Copper, Cast, Silicon Bronze C87800 (C87800) Copper, Cast, Silicon Copper C87300 (C87300)

1.0 u

RT

Die casting

16

1.0 u

RT

Sand Casting

16

Copper, Cast, Tin Bronze C90500 (C90500) C90700 (C90700) C91700 (C91700)

1.0 u 1.0 u 1.0 u

RT RT RT

Casting

16 16 16

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Materials / 265

Table 10.1 Relative Permeability ( µ r ) of Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Material Families Magnetic Field Strength Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µ r [unitless]

Copper, Wrought, Aluminum Bronze C60800 (C60800) C61300 (C61300) C61400 (C61400) C62300 (C62300) C62400 (C62400) C62500 (C62500) C63000 (C63000) C63200 (C63200)

A/m

Oe

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15

1.01 u 1.16 u 1.16 u 1.17 u 1.34 u 1.2 u 1.05 u 1.04 u

RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT

1.0 u

RT

Contact bridges, bolts, screws

66

1.0 u

RT

Fuse clips, springs, switches, connectors

66

Copper, Wrought, Beryllium Copper Olin 172-Precipitation hardened (C17200) Olin 175-Precipitation hardened (C17500) Olin 17510-Precipitation hardened (C17510) Copper, Wrought, Copper Nickel CDA 710

1.0 u

RT

Fuse clips, switch parts, electrical connectors

66

1.000062 u

RT

66

Dickalloy-Precipitation hardened Marinel-Precipitation hardened C71900-Spinodal-hardened (C71900)

1.001 u <1.01 u 1.0003 u

RT RT

Bar, rod, tube, pipe, plated, sheet, strip, and wire. cgs Strip for electronic switches High strength bolting material

Copper, Wrought, Copper Zinc Alcoloy 688-Soft annealed C68800 (C68800)

1.003 u 1.003 u

RT RT

Sheet, strip, welded tube

66 15

Copper, Wrought, Tin Brass Olin C663

1.1 to 1.2 u

RT

Connectors, dispersion/solution strengthened

66

RT

Strip, 0.15 mm (0.006 in.) <= t <= 0.5 mm (0.020 in.)

16

Ultra-high strength Ultra-high strength Ultra-high strength Ultra-high strength Ultra-high strength Ultra-high strength

66 66 66 66 66 66

Composite, tool and die alloy Powder Metal Powder Metal Powder Metal Powder Metal Powder Metal High temp corrosion res

66 66 66 66 66 66 66

200

16000

Miscellaneous Iron Alloy, Magnetically Soft Iron, Iron-Cobalt Soft Magnetic 2V49Co49Fe-Annealed 1.0 u Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Cobalt MP35N MP35N MP35N MP35N MP35N MP35N

1.00117 u 1.00142 u 1.00096 u 1.00104 u 1.00085 u 1.00092 u

Refractory, Cobalt, Cobalt Chromium ALX Alloy-Cast Stellite 190 PM Stellite 3 PM Stellite 6 PM Stellite 98M2 PM Stellite19PM Conicro 5010W (R30605)

1.004 u <1.2 u <1.2 u <1.2 u <1.2 u <1.2 u <1.00 u

Refractory, Cobalt, Cobalt Nickel Carpenter MP35N (R30035) Carpenter MP35N (R30035)

1.0014 u 1.0009 u

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Austenitic J&L Type 201-Annealed (S20100)

1.003 u

-140 -195 -27 -73 119 25 200 116 200 200 200 116

200

-220 -319 -16.6 -99.4 246 77

15920 9280 15920 15920 15920 9280

15920

20

68

-319 25

-195 77

66 66 15

66 66 Ingot, slabs, sheet, strip

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

66

266 / Magnetic Properties

Table 10.1 Relative Permeability ( µ r ) of Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Material Families Magnetic Field Strength Alloy-temper (UNS number)

µ r [unitless]

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Austenitic J&L Type 201-Cold reduced 10% (S20100) J&L Type 201-Cold reduced 20% (S20100) J&L Type 201-Cold reduced 30% (S20100) J&L Type 201-Cold reduced 5% (S20100) J&L Type 201-Cold reduced 50% (S20100) J&L Type 301 (S30100) Allegheny Ludlum Type 310 (S31000)

nonmagnetic 1.02 u

Steel, Wrought Stainless, Duplex J&L Type 2205 (S31803)

A/m

Oe

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

1.147 u

200

15920

Ingot, slabs, sheet, strip

66

2.738 u

200

15920

Ingot, slabs, sheet, strip

66

7.006 u

200

15920

Ingot, slabs, sheet, strip

66

1.016 u

200

15920

Ingot, slabs, sheet, strip

66

15.395 u

200

15920

Ingot, slabs, sheet, strip

66

RT RT

Superalloy

66 66

40 u

RT

Continuous mill plate, slabs, sheet, strip

66

Titanium, Titanium, Alpha IMI 230 IMI 679 IMI 685 Ti5621S Timetal 1100 Ti5Al2.5Sn (R54520) Ti6242Si (R54620) Ti811 (R54810) Ti621/0.8 (R56210) Ti3Al2.5V (R56320)

nonmagnetic nonmagnetic nonmagnetic nonmagnetic nonmagnetic nonmagnetic nonmagnetic nonmagnetic nonmagnetic nonmagnetic

RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT

63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63

Titanium, Titanium, Alpha Beta IMI 550 IMI 551 SP-700 Timetal 62S Ti5522S (R54560) Ti8Mn (R56080) Ti6246 (R56260) Ti6Al6V2Sn (R56620) Ti7Al4Mo (R56740)

nonmagnetic nonmagnetic 1.0020 t nonmagnetic nonmagnetic nonmagnetic nonmagnetic nonmagnetic nonmagnetic

RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT

63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63

RT RT RT RT RT RT RT

63 63 63 63 63 63 63

Titanium, Titanium, Beta Ti15-3 nonmagnetic Ti15Mo5Zr 1.000 t Ti15Mo5Zr3Al 1.000 t Ti13-11-3 (R58010) nonmagnetic Beta III (R58030) nonmagnetic Timetal 21S (R58210) nonmagnetic Beta C (R58640) nonmagnetic Titanium, Titanium, Commercially Pure High-Purity Ti 1.00005 u

20

1600

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

63

Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Materials / 267

Table 10.2 Susceptibility ( κ ) of Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Material Families Alloy-temper (UNS number)

SI [unitless]

cgs-emu [unitless]

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Copper, Cast, Beryllium Copper C82400-Age hardened (C82400)

0.002 approx

1.59E-04 approx

RT

Kappa varies with Fe content

16

C82600-Age hardened (C82600)

0.002 approx

1.59E-04 approx

RT

Kappa varies with Fe content

16

C81800-Heat treated (C81800)

0.001 max

7.96E-05 max

RT

Casting alloy. Kappa varies with Fe content

16

C82000-Heat treated (C82000)

0.001 max

7.96E-05 max

RT

Casting alloy. Kappa varies with Fe content

16

C82200-Heat treated (C82200)

0.001 max

7.96E-05 max

RT

Casting alloy. Kappa varies with Fe content

16

C82500-Heat treated (C82500)

0.002 approx

1.59E-04 approx

RT

Casting alloy. Kappa varies with Fe content

16

C82800-Heat treated (C82800)

0.002 approx

1.59E-04 approx

RT

Casting alloy. Kappa varies with Fe content

16

Pure metal, R depends on purity

22

Copper, Cast, High Copper

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper Cu

-9.83E-06 u,d

-7.82E-07 u,d

-233

-387.4

Cu

-9.58E-06 u,d

-7.62E-07 u,d

-250

-418

Pure metal, R depends on purity

22

Cu

-8.61E-06 u,d

-6.85E-07 u,d

1080

1976

Pure metal, R depends on purity. Solid

22

Cu

-1.09E-04 u,d

-8.63E-06 u,d

1080

1976

Pure metal, R depends on purity

22

Cu

-1.10E-04 u,d

-8.72E-06 u,d

1090

1994

Pure metal, R depends on purity

22

Cu

-6.04E-06 u,d

-4.81E-07 u,d

1090

1994

Pure metal, R depends on purity. Liquid

22

Cu

-1.21E-04 u,d

-9.61E-06 u,d

18

64

Pure metal, R depends on purity

22

Cu

-9.57E-06 u,d

-7.61E-07 u,d

19

66

Pure metal, R depends on purity

22

Cu

-9.62E-06 u,d

-7.65E-07 u,d

20

68

Pure metal, R depends on purity

22

Cu

-9.51E-06 u,d

-7.57E-07 u,d

300

572

Pure metal, R depends on purity

22

Cu

-9.17E-06 u,d

-7.30E-07 u,d

600

1112

Pure metal, R depends on purity

22

Cu

-8.84E-06 u,d

-7.03E-07 u,d

900

1652

Pure metal, R depends on purity

22

CR 155-Precipitation heat treated (C15500)

0.002 max,d

1.59E-04 max,d

RT

Electric motor commutators, heatsink washers, hookup wire

66

0.000062 u,d

4.93E-06 u,d

RT

Bar, rod, tube, pipe, plated, sheet, strip, and wire

66

0.003 u,d

2.39E-04 u,d

RT

Sheet, strip, welded tube

66

0.00117 u,d

9.31E-05 u,d

-140

-220

Ultra-high strength

66

Copper, Wrought, Copper Nickel CDA 710 Copper, Wrought, Copper Zinc Alcoloy 688-Soft annealed Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Cobalt MP35N MP35N

0.00142 u,d

1.13E-04 u,d

-195

-319

Ultra-high strength

66

MP35N

0.00096 u,d

7.64E-05 u,d

-27

-16.6

Ultra-high strength

66

MP35N

0.00104 u,d

8.27E-05 u,d

-73

-99.4

Ultra-high strength

66

MP35N

0.00085 u,d

6.76E-05 u,d

119

246

Ultra-high strength

66

MP35N

0.00092 u,d

7.32E-05 u,d

25

77

Ultra-high strength

66

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

268 / Magnetic Properties

Table 10.3 Mass Susceptibility (χ ) of Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Material Families χ Preferred cm3 /g

Alloy-temper (UNS number)

Classic cm 3 / g

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Aluminum, Wrought, 1xxx Commercially Pure Aluminum Al

8.17E-06 u,d

0.65E-06 u

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

Aluminum, Wrought, 3xxx Aluminum Manganese 3003 (A93003)

10.5E-06 u,d

0.8E-06 u

25

77

8

3004 (A93004)

10.5E-06 u,d

0.8E-06 u

25

77

8

3105 (A93105)

8.8E-06 u,d

0.7E-06 u

20

68

8

Copper, Wrought, Brass C22000 (C22000)

-1.08E-06 to -12.56E-06 u,d -0.086E-06 to -1.00E-06 u

RT

15

C23000 (C23000)

-12.56E-06 approx,d

-1.00E-06 approx

RT

15

C24000 (C24000)

-12.56E-06 approx,d

-1.00E-06 approx

RT

15

C26000 (C26000)

-8E-05 to -16E-05 u,d

-6.3E-06 to -12.7E-06 u

RT

15

Copper, Wrought, Commercially Pure Copper Cu

-1.10E-06 u,d

-0.0879E-06 u

-233

-387.4

Pure metal, R depends on purity

22

Cu

-1.08E-06 u,d

-0.0856E-06 u

-250

-418

Pure metal, R depends on purity

22

Cu

-1.22E-05 u,d

-0.97E-06 u

1080

1976

Pure metal, R depends on purity

22

Cu

-9.68E-07 u,d

-0.077E-06 u

1080

1976

Pure metal, R depends on purity

22

Cu

-1.23E-05 u,d

-0.98E-06 u

1090

1994

Pure metal, R depends on purity

22

Cu

-6.79E-07 u,d

-0.054E-06 u

1090

1994

Pure metal, R depends on purity. Liquid

22

Cu

-1.36E-05 u,d

-1.08E-06 u

18

64

Pure metal, R depends on purity

22

Cu

-1.07E-06 u,d

-0.0855E-06 u

19

66

Pure metal, R depends on purity

22

Cu

-1.08E-06 u,d

-0.086E-06 u

20

68

Pure metal, R depends on purity

22

Cu

-1.07E-06 u,d

-0.085E-06 u

300

572

Pure metal, R depends on purity

22

Cu

-1.03E-06 u,d

-0.082E-06 u

600

1112

Pure metal, R depends on purity

22

Cu

-9.93E-07 u,d

-0.079E-06 u

900

1652

Pure metal, R depends on purity

22

Cu

-1.08E-06 u,d

-0.086E-06 u

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

0.002 max

RT

Electric motor commutators, heat-sink washers, hookup wire

66

0.55 E-6 u

RT

Bar, rod, tube, pipe, plated, sheet, strip, and wire

66

Nonmagnetic u

Nonmagnetic u

RT

4.53E-04 u,d

36.0E-06 u

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

3.14E-04 u,d

25.0E-06 u

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

-1.70E-05 u,d

-1.35E-06 u

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

CR 155-Precipitation heat treated 0.025 max (C15500) Copper, Wrought, Copper Nickel CDA 710

6.9E-6 u,d

Copper, Wrought, Leaded Brass C37700 (C37700)

15

Lanthanide, Neodymium Nd Lanthanide, Praseodymium Pr Low Melting, Bismuth Bi

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Materials / 269

Table 10.3 Mass Susceptibility (χ ) of Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Material Families χ Alloy-temper (UNS number)

Preferred cm3 /g

Classic cm 3 / g

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Low Melting, Cesium 1.89E-04 u,d

15.0E-06 u

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

-2.26E-06 u,d

-0.18E-06 u

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

6.29E-06 u,d

0.50E-06 u

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

-3.14E-06 u,d

-0.25E-06 u

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

6.91E-06 u,d

0.55E-06 u

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

-1.09E-05 u,d

-0.87E-06 u

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

1.38E-05 u,d

1.10E-06 u

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

1.48E-04 u,d

11.8E-06 u

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

-1.13E-05 u,d

-0.90E-06 u

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

-1.63E-06 u,d

-0.13E-06 u

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

6.41E-06 u,d

0.51E-06 u

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

MP35N

139E-06 u,d

11.07E-06 u

-140

-220

Ultra-high strength

66

MP35N

169E-06 u,d

13.47E-06 u

-195

-319

Ultra-high strength

66

MP35N

116E-06 u,d

9.22E-06 u

-27

-16.6

Ultra-high strength

66

MP35N

123E-06 u,d

9.81E-06 u

-73

-99.4

Ultra-high strength

66

MP35N

101E-06 u,d

8.03E-06 u

119

246

Ultra-high strength

66

MP35N

109E-06 u,d

8.70E-06 u

25

77

Ultra-high strength

66

6.79E-05 u,d

5.4E-06 u

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

1.38E-05 u,d

1.10E-06 u

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

-2.51E-06 u,d

-0.20E-06 u

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

1.31E-05 u,d

1.04E-06 u

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

Cs Low Melting, Indium In Low Melting, Lithium Li Low Melting, Tin, Unclassified Sn

Magnesium, Wrought, Unclassified Mg Miscellaneous, Antimony Sb Miscellaneous, Calcium Ca Miscellaneous, Manganese Mn Miscellaneous, Phosphorus P Miscellaneous, Silicon Si Miscellaneous, Sodium Na Nickel, Nickel, Nickel Cobalt

Noble, Palladium, Unclassified Pd Noble, Platinum, Unclassified Pt Noble, Silver, Unclassified Ag Rare Earth, Lanthanum La

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

270 / Magnetic Properties

Table 10.3 Mass Susceptibility (χ ) of Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Material Families χ Preferred cm3 /g

Alloy-temper (UNS number)

Classic cm 3 / g

Temperature oC oF

Notes

Reference

Refractory, Beryllium Be

-1.26E-05 u,d

-1.00E-06 u

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

3.87E-05 u,d

3.08E-06 u

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

Pure metal, R depends on purity

90

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

Refractory, Chromium Cr

Refractory, Molybdenum, Unclassified Mo

1.17E-06 u

0.093E-06 u,d

25

77

Mo

5.03E-07 u,d

0.04E-06 u

Cabot Columbium

2.28E-06 u

0.181E-06 u,d

25

77

Unalloyed

66

Nb

28E-06 u

2.23E-06 u,d

25

77

Pure metal, R depends on purity

90

Nb

1.89E-05 u,d

1.5E-06 u

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

0.37E-06 u

0.029E-06 u,d

25

77

Pure metal, R depends on purity

90

Ta

10.4E-06 u

0.828E-06 u,d

25

77

Pure metal, R depends on purity

90

Ta

1.17E-05 u,d

0.93E-06 u

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

Pure metal, R depends on purity

90

RT

Refractory, Niobium

RT

Refractory, Rhenium Re Refractory, Tantalum

RT

Refractory, Tungsten, Unclassified W

4.1E-06 u

0.326E-06 u,d

W

3.52E-06 u,d

0.28E-06 u

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

1.76E-05 u,d

1.4E-06 u

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

-5.66E-06 u,d

-0.45E-06 u

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

1.57E-05 u,d

1.25E-06 u

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

-1.97E-06 u,d

-0.157E-06 u

RT

Pure metal, R depends on purity

100

25

77

Refractory, Vanadium V Refractory, Zirconium Zr

Titanium, Titanium, Unclassified Ti Zinc, Miscellaneous Zn

RT, room temperature; t, typical; d, derived; u, unstated; min, minimum; max, maximum. See Appendix for other abbreviations and References.

ASM Ready Reference Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals Charles Moosbrugger, editor, p273-280 DOI: 10.1361/empm2000p273

Copyright © 2000 ASM International® All rights reserved. www.asminternational.org

Appendix / 273

Table A.1 Material Hierarchy Material Type

Class

Subclass

Group

Family

Ceramic Miscellaneous Ceramic Material Ceramic Permanent Magnet Metal Ferrous Cast Iron Ductile Gray Miscellaneous White Miscellaneous Iron Alloy Low Expansion Iron Nickel Iron Nickel Chromium Magnetically Soft Iron Cold-Rolled Magnetic Lamination Electrical Steel Iron-Cobalt Electrical Steel Iron-Cobalt Soft Magnetic Nickel-Iron Soft Magnetic Nonoriented Electrical Steel Oriented Electrical Steel Silicon Core Iron Unclassified Magnetically Soft Iron Permanent Magnet Ductile Permanent Magnet Iron Chromium Cobalt Iron Cobalt Neodymium Iron Boron Unclassified Unclassified Steel Alloy Chromium Chromium Molybdenum Nickel Nickel Chromium Molybdenum Silicon Carbon Steel High-Manganese Nonresulfurized Cast Stainless Austenitic Ferritic Heat Resisting Martinsitic Unclassified Wrought Stainless Austenitic Duplex Ferritic Martensitic

274 / Appendix

Table A.1 Material Hierachy Material Type

Class

Subclass

Group

Family

Metal Ferrous Steel Wrought Stainless Precipitation Hardening Unclassified Miscellaneous Thermostat Metals Unclassified Unclassified Nonferrous Actinide Neptunium Plutonium Protactinium Uranium Aluminum Cast 1xx.x Commercially Pure Aluminum 2xx.x Aluminum Copper 3xx.x Aluminum Silicon plus Copper or Magnesium 4xx.x Aluminum Silicon 5xx.x Aluminum Magnesium 7xx.x Aluminum Zinc 8xx.x Aluminum Tin Sintered Powder Aluminum 2xx.x Aluminum Copper 6xx.x Aluminum Magnesium Wrought 1xxx Commercially Pure Aluminum 2xxx Aluminum Copper 3xxx Aluminum Manganese 4xxx Aluminum Silicon 5xxx Aluminum Magnesium 6xxx Aluminum Magnesium Silicon 7xxx Aluminum Zinc 8xxx Aluminum-Other Elements Copper Cast Aluminum Bronze Beryllium Copper Commercially Pure Copper Copper Nickel High Copper High Leaded Tin Bronze Copper Leaded Manganese Bronze Leaded Red Brass Leaded Tin Bronze Leaded Tin Bronze Copper Leaded Yellow Brass Manganese Bronze Nickel Silver

Appendix / 275

Table A.1 Material Hierarchy Material Type

Class

Subclass

Group

Family

Metal Nonferrous Copper Cast Nickel Tin Bronze Phosphor Bronze Semi-Red Brass Silicon Brass Silicon Bronze Silicon Copper Tin Bronze Unclassified Unclassified Brass Unclassified Bronze Miscellaneous Copper-Clad Steel Copper-Graphite Instrument and Control Thermocouple Welding filler copper Wrought Aluminum Bronze Beryllium Copper Brass Bronze Commercially Pure Copper Copper Nickel Copper Nickel Silver Copper Silicon Tin Copper Zinc Copper Zirconium Dispersion Strengthened High Copper Leaded Brass Leaded Bronze Leaded Copper Nickel Silver Phosphor Bronze Silicon Bronze Sintered Powder Metal Tin Brass Unclassified Lanthanide Dysprosium Erbium Europium Gadolinium Holmium Lutetium Neodymium Praseodymium Samarium Terbium

276 / Appendix

Table A.1 Material Hierarchy Material Type

Class

Subclass

Group

Family

Metal Nonferrous Lanthanide Thulium Ytterbium Low Melting Bismuth Cadmium Cesium Gallium Indium Lead Commercially Pure Lead Indium Tin Lead Unclassified Lithium Mercury Rubidium Tin Commercially Pure Tin Tin Antimony Tin Copper Tin Indium Tin Lead Tin Silver Tin Zinc Unclassified Zinc Magnesium Cast Magnesium Aluminum Magnesium Aluminum Zinc Magnesium Rare Earth Zinc Magnesium Silver Magnesium Thorium Silver Magnesium Thorium Zinc Magnesium Thorium Zirconium Magnesium Yttrium Rare Earth Magnesium Zinc Magnesium Zinc Rare Earth Magnesium Zinc Thorium Magnesium Zinc Zirconium Magnesium Zirconium Wrought Magnesium Aluminum Zinc Magnesium Manganese Magnesium Thorium Magnesium Thorium Manganese Magnesium Zinc Magnesium Zinc Zirconium Unclassified Miscellaneous

Appendix / 277

Table A.1 Material Hierarchy Material Type

Class

Subclass

Group

Family

Metal Nonferrous Miscellaneous Antimony Arsenic Barium Calcium Germanium Manganese Phosphorus Potassium Scandium Silicon Sodium Strontium Technetium Thallium Nickel Electrical Resistance Nickel Nickel Chromium Magnetically Soft Nickel Nonoriented Magnetically Soft Nickel Semioriented Magnetically Soft Nickel Unclassified Magnetically Soft Nickel Miscellaneous Nickel Controlled-expansion Nickel Commercially Pure Iron Chromium Aluminum Iron Nickel Chromium Nickel Beryllium Nickel Chromium Nickel Cobalt Nickel Copper Nickel Molybdenum Superalloy Unclassified Noble Gold Commercially Pure Gold Electrical Contact Solder Unclassified Iridium Unclassified Osmium Unclassified Palladium Electrical Contact Unclassified Platinum Commercially Pure Electrical Contact

278 / Appendix

Table A.1 Material Hierarchy Material Type

Class

Subclass

Group

Family

Metal Nonferrous Noble Platinum Platinum Cobalt Permanent Magnet Unclassified Rhodium Ruthenium Silver Commercially Pure Electrical Contact Silver Cadmium Silver Cadmium Oxide Composite Silver Complex Composite Silver Copper Silver Gold Silver Graphite Composite Silver Iron Composite Silver Molybdenum Composite Silver Nickel Silver Nickel Composite Silver Palladium Silver Platinum Silver Tin Oxide Composite Silver Zinc Oxide Composite Tungsten Silver Carbide Composite Unclassified Rare Earth Cerium Lanthanum Thorium Yttrium Refractory Beryllium Chromium Cobalt Cobalt Chromium Cobalt Nickel Cobalt Rare Earth Cobalt Rare Earth Permanent Magnet Commercially Pure Soft Magnetic Alloy Superalloy Halfnium Molybdenum Commercially Pure Molybdenum Silver Unclassified Niobium Niobium Superconductor Rhenium Tantalum

Appendix / 279 Table A.1 Material Hierarchy Material Type

Class

Subclass

Group

Family

Metal Nonferrous Refractory Tungsten Commercially Pure Tungsten Carbide Copper Composite Tungsten Cobalt Tungsten Copper Tungsten Copper Composite Tungsten Graphite Silver Composite Tungsten Nickel Tungsten Silver Tungsten Silver Carbide Composite Tungsten Silver Composite Unclassified Vanadium Zirconium Titanium Titanium Alpha Alpha Beta Beta Commercially Pure Titanium Nickel Unclassified Zinc Cast Miscellaneous Unclassified Unclassified Nonmetal Carbon Based Carbon Graphite Silicon Based Silicon Carbide

280 / Appendix Table A.2

Abbreviations Used in Qualifiers and Notes

Abbreviation

** approx as spec ave c C CAS CCS d d dim DU e EC ETP ext F fio HT INF IO max max, if spec max, smallest max, t min nom OD OF OFE P/M PPSE PS PSE PSR R rect dim SF t t t, peak u

Meaning

Exponent as in oz/ft **2 = oz/ft2 Approximate As specified Average Calculated by source

°C

Copper-clad alloy steel for electrical cable shielding Copper-clad stainless steel for electrical cable shielding As a qualifier: derived by ASM In notes: diameter or dimension as appropriate Dimension Lamination shape Estimated Obsolete electrical grade of aluminum Electrolytic tough pitch copper Extrapolated Further study required–per source For information only Heat treated Composite processing: press-sinter-infiltrate Composite processing: internal oxidation Maximum Maximum if specified Smallest maximum Typical maximum Minimum Nominal Outside diameter Oxygen-free copper Oxygen-free electronic copper Powdered metal Composite processing: pre-oxidize-press-sinter-extrude Composite processing: press-sinter Composite processing: press-sinter-extrude Composite processing: press-sinter-re-press Resistance Rectangular dimension Composite processing: oxidized from one direction In qualifier: typical In notes: thickness Typical peak Unstated, source did not qualify value

Note: Superconducting compounds are written without subscripted numbers (e.g., Nb3 Ge is Nb3Ge).

Appendix / 281

Table A.3 REFERENCES REFERENCE NUMBER

REFERENCES CITED IN TABLES

1

J.W. Bray, Aluminum Mill and Engineered Wrought Products, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, Vol 2, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 1990

2

SAE J452, Society of Automotive Engineers, Jan 1989

3

Aluminum Standards and Data, The Aluminum Association, Inc., 2000

4

Product Design for Diecasting, Diecasting Development Council

5

J.E. Hatch, Aluminum Properties and Physical Metallurgy, ASM, 1984

6

Structural Handbook, CINDAS, 1994

7

Aluminum Casting Design: Sand and Permanent Mold, Non-Ferrous Founders Society

8

Properties of Wrought Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, Vol 2, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 1990

9

A. Kearney & E.L. Rooy, Aluminum Foundry Products, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, Vol 2, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 1990

10

A. Kearney, Properties of Cast Aluminum Alloys, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, Vol 2, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 1990

11

R.S. James, Aluminum-Lithium Alloys, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and SpecialPurpose Materials, Vol 2, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 1990

12

J.R. Pinkens, High-Strength Aluminum P/M Alloys, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, Vol 2, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 1990

13

Brush Wellman Web site, www.brushwellman.com, May 2000

14

D.E. Tyler, Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Products, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, Vol 2, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 1990

15

P. Robinson, Properties of Wrought Copper and Copper Alloys, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, Vol 2, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 1990

16

A. Cohen, Properties of Cast Copper Alloys, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, Vol 2, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 1990

17

J.C. Harkness, W.D. Spiegelberg, and W.R. Cribb, Beryllium-Copper and of the BerylliumContaining Alloys, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, Vol 2, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 1990

18

A. Buch, Pure Metals Properties A Scientific-Technical Handbook, ASM International and Freund Publishing House Ltd., 1999

19

R.L. Cadenhead, Materials, and Electronic Phenomena, Vol 1, Packaging, Electronic Materials, Handbook, ASM International, 1989

20

J. Crane and J Breedis, Lead Frame Materials, Vol 1, Packaging, Electronic Materials Handbook, ASM International, 1989

21

W.B. Hampshire, Solders, Vol 1, Packaging, Electronic Materials Handbook, ASM International, 1989

22

G. Joseph, Copper: Its Trade, Manufacture, Use, and Environmental Status, ASM International, 1999

23

ASTM B 5 - 95, High Conductivity Tough-Pitch Copper Refinery Shapes, ASTM, 1995

24

ASTM B 22 - 95, Bronze Castings for Bridges and Turntables, ASTM, 1995

25

ASTM B 25 - 92, Copper Redraw Rod for Electrical Purposes, ASTM, 1992

282 / Appendix

Table A.3 REFERENCES REFERENCE NUMBER

REFERENCES CITED IN TABLES

26

ASTM B 61 - 93, Steam or Valve Bronze Casting, ASTM, 1993

27

ASTM B 62 - 93, Composition Bronze or Ounce Metal Casting, ASTM, 1993

28

ASTM B 66 - 95, Bronze Casting for Steam Locomotive Wearing Parts, ASTM, 1995

29

ASTM B 67 - 93a, Car and Tender Journal Bearings, Lined, ASTM, 1993

30

ASTM B 75 - 95a, Seamless Copper Tube, ASTM, 1995

31

ASTM B 115 - 95, Electrolytic Cathode Copper, ASTM, 1995

32

ASTM B 148 - 93a, Aluminm-Bronze Sand Castings, ASTM, 1993

33

ASTM B 152 - 94, Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Rolled Bar, ASTM, 1994

34

ASTM B 170 - 93, Oxygen-Free Electrolytic Copper-Refinery Shapes, ASTM, 1993

35

ASTM B 176 - 95, Standard Specifications for Copper-Alloy Die Castings, ASTM, 1995

36

ASTM B 187 - 94, Copper Bar, Bus Bar, Rod and Shapes, ASTM, 1994

37

ASTM B 188 - 88, Seamless Copper Bus Pipe and Tube, ASTM, 1988

38

ASTM B 272 - 93, Copper Flat Products with Finished (Rolled or Drawn) Edges (Flat Wire and Strip), ASTM, 1993

39

ASTM B 301- 93, Free-Cutting Copper Rod and Bar, ASTM, 1993

40

ASTM B 372 - 93, Seamless Copper and Copper-Alloy Rectangular Waveguide Tube, ASTM, 1993

41

ASTM B 379 - 94, Phosphorized Coppers-Refinery Shapes, ASTM, 1994

42

ASTM B 411 - 92, Copper-Nickel-Silicon Alloy Rod and Bar, ASTM, 1992

43

ASTM B 412 - 95, Copper-Nickel-Silicon Alloy Wire, ASTM, 1995

44

ASTM B 422 - 95, Copper-Aluminum-Silicon-Cobalt Alloy, Copper-Nickel-Silicon-Magnesium Alloy, and Copper-Nickel-Aluminum-Magnesium Alloy Sheet and Strip, ASTM, 1995

45

ASTM B 441 - 93, Copper-Cobalt Beryllium (UNS No. C17500), and Copper-Nickel-Beryllium (UNS No. C17510) Rod and Bar, ASTM, 1995

46

ASTM B 447 - 93, Welded Copper Tube, ASTM, 1993

47

ASTM B 451 - 93, Copper Foil, Strip, and Sheet for Printed Circuits and Carrier Tapes, ASTM, 1993

48

ASTM B 465 - 93, Copper-Iron Alloy Plate, Sheet, Strip, and Rolled Bar, ASTM, 1993

49

ASTM B 434 - 95, Copper-Cobalt Beryllium Alloy, and Copper-Nickel-Beryllium Alloy Plate, Sheet, Strip, and Rolled Bar, ASTM, 1995

50

ASTM B 623 - 93, Tough-Pitch Fire-Refined High Conductivity Copper-Refinery Shapes, ASTM, 1993

Appendix / 283

Table A.3 REFERENCES REFERENCE NUMBER

REFERENCES CITED IN TABLES

51

ASTM B 694 - 95, Copper, Copper-Alloy, and Copper-Clad Stainless Steel (CCS), and CopperClad Alloy Steel (CAS) Sheet and Strip for Electrical Cable Shielding, ASTM, 1995

52

ASTM B 747 - 89, Copper-Zirconium Alloy Sheet and Strip, ASTM, 1989

53

ASTM F 68 - 93, Oxygen-Free Copper in Wrought Forms for Electron Devices, ASTM, 1993

54

SAE J454, Society of Automotive Engineers, Feb 1991

55

SAE J469 JAN89, Zinc Die Casting Alloys, Society of Automotive Engineers, Information Report, 1989

56

SAE J467b, Special Purpose Alloys ("Superalloys"), SAE Information Report, Society of Automotive Engineers, 1968

57

Carpenter Magnetic Alloys, Carpenter Specialty Alloys, Dec 1997

58

CMW Inc. Product Literature, May 2000

59

Technical Materials Inc., Web site, www.technicalmaterials.com, April 2000

60

Indium Corporation of America, Web site, www.indium.com, April 2000

61

H.Sizek, Special Metals Corp., private communication, June 2000

62

Waterbury Rolling Mills, Inc., Product Literature, Nov 1998

63

R. Boyer, G. Welsch, and E. Collings, Materials Properties Handbook Titanium Alloys, ASM International, 1994

64

J. Holt, H. Mindlin, C. Y. Ho, Structural Alloys Handbook, CINDAS/Purdue University, 1994

65

M. Bauccio, Metals Reference Book, 3rd ed., ASM International, 1993

66

Alloy Digest, ASM International

67

ASTM A 677-98a, Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully Processed Types, ASTM, 1998

68

ASTM A 677M-98a, Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully Processed Types (Metric), ASTM, 1998

69

United States Steel Group, USX, Product Literature

70

ASTM A 683-91, Nonoriented Electrical Steel Semiprocessed Types, ASTM, 1991

71

ASTM A 683M-91, Nonoriented Electrical Steel Semiprocessed Types (Metric), ASTM, 1991

72

ASTM A 726/A 726M-98, Cold-Rolled Magnetic Lamination Quality Steel, Semiprocessed Types, ASTM, 1998

73

ASTM A 753-97, Wrought Nickel-Iron Soft Magnetic Alloys (UNS K94490, K94840, N14076, N14080), ASTM, 1997

74

ASTM A 801/A 801M, Iron-Cobalt High Magnetic Saturation Alloys, ASTM, 1992

75

ASTM B 1-85, Hard-Drawn Copper Wire, ASTM, 1985

284 / Appendix

Table A.3 REFERENCES REFERENCE NUMBER

REFERENCES CITED IN TABLES

76

ASTM B 2-88, Medium-Hard Drawn Copper Wire, ASTM, 1988

77

ASTM B 3-74 (Reapproved 85), Soft or Annealed Copper Wire, ASTM, 1985

78

ASTM B 9-76 (Reapproved 84), Bronze Trolly Wire, ASTM, 1984

79

ASTM B 33-81 (Reapproved 85), Tinned Soft or Annealed Copper Wire for Electrical Purposes, ASTM, 1985

80

ASTM B 47-64 (Reapproved 84), Copper Trolly Wire, ASTM, 1984

81

R.F. Schmidt and D.G. Schmidt, Selection and Application of Copper Alloy Castings, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, Vol 2, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 1990

82

W. Mankins and S. Lamb, Nickel and Nickel Alloys, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, Vol 2, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 1990

83

P. Crook, Cobalt and Cobalt Alloys, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and SpecialPurpose Materials, Vol 2, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 1990

84

S. Housh, B. Mikucki, and A. Stevenson, Properties of Magnesium Alloys, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, Vol 2, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 1990

85

D.W. Dietrich, Magnetically Soft Materials, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, Vol 2, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 1990

86

ASTM A 876/A 876M-98, Flat-Rolled, Grain-Oriented, Silicon-Iron Electrical Steel, Full Processed Types c), ASTM, 1991

87

ASTM A 838/A 838M-97, Free-Machining Ferritic Stainless Soft Magnetic Alloy Bar for Relay Applications, ASTM, 1997

88

J.W. Fiepke, Permanent Magnet Materials, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and SpecialPurpose Materials, Vol 2, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 1990

89

F. Emley, High-performance Nickel Containing Connector Alloys, Nickel Development Institute Web site, www.nidi.org, 2000

90

J.B. Lambert, Refractory Metals and Alloys, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, Vol 2, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 1990

91

R.A. Watson, et al, Electrical Resistance Alloys, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, Vol 2, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 1990

92

Y.S. Shou, et al., Electrical Contact Materials, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, Vol 2, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 1990

93

M. Nowak, Properties of Pure Metals, Mercury, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, Vol 2, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 1990

94

Properties of Pure Metals, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, Vol 2, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 1990

95

Stanford Magnets Web site, www.stanfordmagnets.com, 2000

96

Haynes Web site, www.haynesintl.com, 2000

97

W.H. Warnes, Principles of Superconductivity, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, Vol 2, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 1990

98

L. Solymar and D. Walsh, Electrical Properties of Materials, 6th ed., Oxford University Press, 1998

99

D.B. Smathers, A15 Superconductors, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and SpecialPurpose Materials, Vol 2, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 1990

100

J.K. Stanley, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals, American Society of Metals, 1963

Appendix / 285 Table A.4

Sizes of round wire in the American Gauge (AWG) system and the properties of solid annealed copper wire (ASTM B 3)