API RP 1168 1st Ed. Sept. 2008 - Pipeline Control Room Management

Pipeline Control Room Management

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API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 1168 FIRST EDITION, SEPTEMBER 2008

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Pipeline Control Room Management

Pipeline Segment API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 1168 FIRST EDITION, SEPTEMBER 2008

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Special Notes API publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed. Neither API nor any of API's employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of any information or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of API's employees, subcontractors, consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights. Classified areas may vary depending on the location, conditions, equipment, and substances involved in any given situation. Users of this recommended practice should consult with the appropriate authorities having jurisdiction. Users of this recommended practice should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this document. Sound business, scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing the information contained herein. API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication may conflict. API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operating practices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publications is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.

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Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.

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Contents Page

1 1.1 1.2

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2

Abbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

3

Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

4 4.1 4.2 4.3

Pipeline Control Room Personnel Roles, Authorities and Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Pipeline Controller Authorities and Associated Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Interfacing with the Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Pipeline Controller Supervisory Authorities and Associated Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

5 5.1 5.2 5.3

Guidelines for Shift Turnover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Shift Turnover Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Shift Turnover Meeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Information to Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9

Pipeline Control Room Fatigue Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Work Schedule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 On-shift Breaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 On-shift Stimulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Pipeline Control Room Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Exercise Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Circadian/hotel Room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Transportation Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Fatigue Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4

Pipeline Control Room Management of Change (MOC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Inclusion of Pipeline Control Room Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Systems/processes Undergoing Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Notification and Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Emergency MOCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

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Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

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Pipeline Control Room Management

1.1

Purpose

The purpose of this publication is to provide pipeline operators and pipeline controllers with guidance on industry best practices on control room management to consider when developing or enhancing practices and procedures. This document was written for operators with continuous and non-continuous operations as applicable.

1.2

Scope

This document addresses four pipeline safety elements for hazardous liquid and natural gas pipelines in both the transportation and distribution sectors: — pipeline control room personnel roles, authorities and responsibilities; — guidelines for shift turnover; — pipeline control room fatigue management; and — pipeline control room management of change (MOC).

2 Abbreviations AOC API ASME CFR MOC SCADA

abnormal operating conditions American Petroleum Institute American Society of Mechanical Engineers Code of Federal Regulations management of change supervisory control and data acquisition

3 Definitions 3.1 abnormal operating condition A condition identified by the operator that may indicate a malfunction of a component or deviation from normal operations that may: a) indicate a condition exceeding design limits; or b) result in a hazard(s) to persons, property, or the environment. 3.2 displays The visual presentation of text and objects on a monitor. 3.3 emergency condition A condition which presents an immediate hazard to persons, property, or the environment.

1

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1 General

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API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 1168

3.4 incident Any event that may impact pipeline operations in the judgment of the pipeline operator. NOTE

Use of this term may not necessarily be the same as defined in regulations in CFR 191, CFR 192 and CFR 195.

3.5 management of change Process used by pipeline operators to manage changes to their facilities and processes, organizations, and documents to ensure that changes are adequately identified, planned, controlled, and communicated. 3.6 pipeline control room An operations center staffed by personnel charged with responsibility for remotely monitoring and/or controlling entire or multiple sections of pipeline systems. For the purpose of this document, “pipeline control room” and “control room” are synonymous. 3.7 pipeline controller A qualified 1 individual whose function within a shift is to remotely monitor and/or control the operations of entire or multiple sections of pipeline systems via a SCADA system from a pipeline control room, and who has operational authority and accountability for the daily remote operational functions of pipeline systems as defined by the pipeline operator. 3.8 pipeline operator A person 2 who owns or operates pipeline facilities. For the purpose of this document, the terms “pipeline operator” and “operator” are synonymous. 3.9 supervisory control and data acquisition A system which is a combination of computer hardware and software used to send commands and acquire data for the purpose of monitoring and/or controlling.

4 Pipeline Control Room Personnel Roles, Authorities and Responsibilities Pipeline operators should have a document to detail the roles, authorities and responsibilities of the pipeline control room personnel to ensure safe, efficient and effective operations during both normal and emergency/AOC.

4.1 Pipeline Controller Authorities and Associated Responsibilities Pipeline controllers perform duties necessary for safe operations. To better ensure that these responsibilities are discharged and that pipeline controllers understand their scope of authority, individual pipeline operators should have a document that defines pipeline controller authorities and associated responsibilities under both normal and emergency/AOC.

1 2

For purposes of this document, the term “qualified” means “operator qualified.” A person means any individual, firm, joint venture, partnership, corporation, association, state, municipality, cooperative association, or joint stock association and includes any trustee, receiver, assignee, or person representative thereof. --`,,,,,`,````,,,,`````,`,``,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

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4.1.1 Normal Operating Conditions Pipeline operators should establish guidelines that include pipeline controller responsibilities during normal operating conditions. Under normal operating conditions, a pipeline controller’s responsibilities may include specific duties, such as: — ensuring safe and efficient system operations; — responding to a changed condition by use of an appropriate action or procedure; — notifying other personnel as appropriate of the status of operations; — accurate and thorough documentation of operational information; — system, segment or equipment start-up or shut-down; — monitoring systems, segment or equipment for deviations from normal operating conditions; or — managing distractions. Pipeline operators should establish guidelines that include pipeline controller responsibilities during pipeline system start-up, monitoring/adjustments, and shutdown. System monitoring and/or control practices should provide pipeline controller expectations related to (if applicable): — fieldwork on pipelines or associated equipment; — monitoring system flow rate, pressure, or field/tank delivery; — communicating to other personnel; — adjustments to alarm priorities/thresholds; or — adjustments to equipment availability (e.g. tagout a unit). 4.1.2 Emergency/abnormal Operating Conditions (AOC) Pipeline controllers are trained to recognize and respond to emergency/AOC 3. Pipeline operators should establish guidelines that detail the responsibilities of pipeline controllers during AOC. These responsibilities may include specific duties associated with: — responding to emergency and abnormal alerts/alarms; — investigating the abnormal condition; — notifying other personnel as appropriate; — notifying other potentially impacted entities; — ensuring that the system returns to normal operating condition; — ensuring required follow-up activities are performed;

3

Even though the terms “emergency” and “abnormal operating condition” are defined differently in the regulations, for purposes of this document, the two circumstances are being treated identically.

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API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 1168

— documenting activities and responses accurately and thoroughly; — continuing operations of the system based on the condition; — obtaining authority as necessary to restart pipeline systems, segments, or equipment; or — managing distractions.

4.2 Interfacing with the Public Pipeline operators should establish guidelines that include the pipeline controller’s responsibilities when contacted by the public. The pipeline controller may be responsible for: — determining the nature of a contact and taking appropriate action; — providing information to the contacting party; — notifying appropriate operator personnel; — notifying appropriate external agencies; and/or — documenting the details of the contact and the actions taken. Operators may refer to the other industry-based documents for additional guidance on this topic (see Bibliography).

4.3 Pipeline Controller Supervisory Authorities and Associated Responsibilities Pipeline operators should establish guidelines that include responsibilities for pipeline controller supervisory staff under normal and emergency/abnormal conditions. Pipeline controller supervisory staff may be responsible for: — ensuring necessary actions are taken based on circumstances; — ensuring operator personnel are notified of the condition; — ensuring notification of other potentially impacted external entities; — adjusting alarm priorities/thresholds; — adjusting equipment availability (e.g. tagout a unit); — providing authorization to restart pipeline systems, segments, or equipment; — managing distractions;

— considering additional controls or required orientations for personnel due to new operating conditions.

5 Guidelines for Shift Turnover 4 Establishing practices for shift turnover reduces the possibility of an incident and improves pipeline operations. Pipeline operators should establish a shift turnover process, to ensure that relevant operating information is transferred. This may include overlap time between outgoing and incoming pipeline control room personnel as applicable. 4

Turnovers are not limited to scheduled activities, but also include unscheduled ones (e.g. illness, home emergencies).

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— considering additional controls or required orientations for personnel returning from extended absences;

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5.1 Shift Turnover Procedure To ensure effective shift turnover, pipeline operators should establish shift turnover guidelines and train pipeline control room personnel on the process. A shift turnover guideline should address aspects that impact operational continuity during the turnover process. These items may include: — system control accountability during turnover; — record of accountability transfer; — phone monitoring; and/or — managing distractions.

5.2 Shift Turnover Meeting A turnover meeting should be conducted to brief incoming pipeline controllers on the status of current operations. The shift turnover process should be defined and followed on a consistent basis by all pipeline control room shifts. Part of this turnover meeting should be the clear understanding for outgoing pipeline controllers that incoming pipeline controllers have taken over the responsibility of the operations. This may include electronic or hard copy checklists or signed documents that are defined and retained by the individual pipeline operator.

5.3 Information to Exchange Individual pipeline operators should determine the extent and detail of information provided and documented for effective shift turnover. The following items may need to be addressed during shift turnover: — emergency/AOC; — daily operation information; — status of scheduled/unscheduled maintenance activities; — incident and/or safety conditions; — changes to physical assets, practices, and responsibilities; — alarm reviews; and/or — third-party incidents with potential direct or indirect impact on operations. 5.3.1 Emergency/AOC If an AOC or other abnormal condition exists as defined by the individual operator, it shall be communicated to the incoming shift personnel. Any actions taken or planned to remedy the condition shall also be conveyed to the incoming shift personnel and documented. 5.3.2 Daily Operation Information Basic information about daily operations should be conveyed during shift turnover with emphasis on imminent activities. The following items of daily operation may need to be included during the shift turnover process: — status of shipment schedules; — linepack/pressure issues; --`,,,,,`,````,,,,`````,`,``,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

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API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 1168

— storage issues; — pigging schedules; — pipeline section restrictions; — weather events that impact or may impact operations; — batch changes/line fill; — operating assets/equipment; — right-of-way maintenance; and/or — status of dispatched or remotely located personnel in the field. 5.3.3 Status of Scheduled/Unscheduled Maintenance Activities --`,,,,,`,````,,,,`````,`,``,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Pipeline control room personnel should be informed of scheduled/unscheduled maintenance activities that may impact operations. Information could include: — reason for required maintenance; — internal/external contact information; — impacted equipment; — current situation; — temporary operations or operating procedures to accommodate the situation; — anticipated return to normal operations and required follow-up actions. 5.3.4 Incident Information To ensure awareness of and execution of potential action(s) related to incidents, outgoing pipeline control room personnel should brief incoming personnel about incidents that have occurred during their shift. The following items may need to be addressed during shift turnover: — equipment availability; — line availability; — project work or product handling plan status; — internal/external contact information. 5.3.5 Changes to Physical Assets, Procedures, and/or Responsibilities Changes to such things as physical assets, procedures and/or responsibilities that have become operational/effective during a shift should be conveyed during shift turnover. See Section 7 (Pipeline Control Room Management of Change) for a detailed list of topics for consideration.

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5.3.6 Alarm Reviews Current alarm status should be reviewed by incoming shifts. This information may be contained automatically in the SCADA system or hand documented. When discussing maintenance and out-of-service equipment, the degree of impact that the activity is having on the alarm rates should be conveyed. Any activity which may cause abnormal alarm levels or rates should be discussed. The following are examples of, but not limited to, the type of alarm information that should be reviewed by the oncoming shift: — active alarms; — inhibited alarms; — nuisance alarms; — maintenance overrides; and/or — recurring/persistent alarms. Automatic control functions (e.g. pump/compressor shutdowns or isolations, line segment valve controls, etc.) that have been overridden should be documented and conveyed to the incoming shift. Operators may refer to the other industry-based documents for additional guidance on this topic (see Bibliography). 5.3.7 Third-party Incidents Potentially Impacting Operations All relevant information concerning third-party operations (refineries, tank farms, connected pipelines, etc.) necessary for the pipeline system to operate safely and efficiently should be transferred in the shift turnover. Types of information exchanged may include: — type of incident at facility; — tank information (e.g. out-of-service, change of product type, levels); — internal/external contact information; — local or remote operation status; — state of operational readiness of receipt or delivery facility; — any safety condition existing at facility; and/or — construction activity.

6 Pipeline Control Room Fatigue Management Fatigue could affect performance on cognitive tasks; therefore, pipeline operators shall consider fatigue when developing practices and guidelines. Pipeline operators should consider establishing pipeline control room fatigue management practices and guidelines that include staffing considerations, as well as methods for maintaining alertness of control room personnel while working. Below is a list of potential fatigue management practices and guidelines a pipeline operator may choose to incorporate. Control room personnel should be trained in and/or informed of fatigue management methods. Even with effective fatigue management strategies, pipeline operators should realize that there may be times when control room personnel will experience fatigue. Fatigue management practices and guidelines should also provide adequate flexibility to maintain continuity of operations during emergency/abnormal situations. --`,,,,,`,````,,,,`````,`,``,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

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API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 1168

6.1 Work Schedule Pipeline operators should develop a pipeline controller work schedule to govern normal operating conditions. No single schedule will be right for all operators. Pipeline operators should consider the following factors when developing a shift schedule (as appropriate): — individual circadian rhythms; — staffing levels; — collective bargaining rules; — rotating shift implications; — shift start time implications; — sleep deprivation; — demographics of the work force; — shift turnover duration; — absence coverage (e.g. vacation, training, illness); — overtime (e.g. scheduled or un-scheduled); — commute time; and/or — continuity of staffing (i.e. 24-hours-per-day/7-days-per-week, non-continuous coverage). When developing shift schedules, pipeline operators should provide pipeline controllers the opportunity for 8 hours of sleep prior to working each shift. To accommodate this need, special consideration should be given to the following when developing a shift schedule: — consecutive hours worked by an employee; — consecutive shifts worked by an employee; — downtime between rotating shift blocks to allow adequate recovery from sleep deprivation (i.e. going from a day shift to a night shift or a night shift to a day shift). In order to obtain input on effectiveness and impact on pipeline control room personnel when a new shift schedule is under development or an existing shift schedule is under consideration for revision, a pilot program should be considered as part of the development process. --`,,,,,`,````,,,,`````,`,``,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

6.2 On-shift Breaks To manage fatigue, pipeline operators should consider establishing a policy and schedule that if possible allows for on-shift breaks that do not impact operations. If staffing levels allow, breaks should provide for time (of adequate length) away from the pipeline control room.

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6.3 On-shift Stimulation Pipeline operators should consider providing on-shift stimulation such as listening to radio, television or access to the Internet as methods for managing employee fatigue. If such methods are allowed, guidelines should be established to govern their use so control room personnel are not distracted from their responsibilities. Pipeline operators should decide which method of stimulation is appropriate and effective according to their individual situations.

6.4 Education Education and awareness are important parts of any fatigue management program. Pipeline operators should consider educating pipeline controllers and their family members, supervisors, and managers on issues related to fatigue and methods to cope or combat its effects.

6.5 Pipeline Control Room Environment Other industry-based documents provide design aspects that may be considered appropriate for developing or revamping a pipeline control room regarding lighting, temperature and humidity, and other environmental factors when developing a fatigue management strategy (see Bibliography).

6.6 Exercise Equipment Pipeline operators may consider providing access to exercise equipment for use by control room personnel to help manage fatigue. If provided, control room personnel should be instructed on safe and effective use of exercise equipment as well as appropriate times for use.

6.7 Circadian/hotel Room Pipeline operators may consider the use of circadian or hotel rooms as a method of managing employee fatigue. If used, operators should establish practices and guidelines to govern the use of circadian/hotel rooms, so that employees will know the appropriate times to use the rooms, durations of use, and other factors to consider during use.

6.8 Transportation Service Pipeline operators may consider providing transportation services for employees. If provided, pipeline operators should establish practices and guidelines to govern the use of transportation services provided. --`,,,,,`,````,,,,`````,`,``,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

6.9 Fatigue Recognition Pipeline operators may consider adopting methods for recognizing fatigue in pipeline control room personnel. If adopted, practices and guidelines should be established for supervisors, individuals themselves and peers containing evaluation criteria and methods for recognizing the signs of fatigue in employees. Pipeline operators may consider including methods for determining fatigue in control room personnel already on shift and those coming on shift.

7 Pipeline Control Room Management of Change (MOC) Change is a regular part of pipeline control room operations that must be managed and governed by effective processes and procedures. For MOC to be effective, affected personnel should be a part of the decision and implementation process.

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API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 1168

7.1 Inclusion of Pipeline Control Room Personnel Pipeline control room personnel should be included in the project or change design and planning process. Pipeline operators should require the control room personnel to review and provide input on MOC and have the authority to request changes as appropriate. System changes may impact control room operations and pipeline operators should solicit input on operational impact from the control room early in the project development. Adequate notification, time and resources should be devoted to training control room personnel on the impact of the change to operations.

7.2 Systems/processes Undergoing Change Pipeline operators should consider defining which systems/processes will be governed by MOC policies. Among the activities to consider are changes that include, but are not limited to: — purchase or sale of physical assets; — new equipment coming online; — retired equipment going offline; — operations and maintenance manuals; — new or revised procedures; — operating responsibilities between pipeline controllers and field personnel or third-party operations; — field maintenance activity affecting pipeline control room operations; — control system changes; and/or — SCADA system changes. Consideration should be given to including the input from pipeline control room personnel on any changes to the SCADA system. Modifications should be tested and their functionality verified prior to implementation. Operators implementing changes to SCADA displays and alarms should refer to other industry-based documents for additional guidance on this topic (see Bibliography).

Before implementing changes that affect pipeline control room operations, notification and/or training should be provided to ensure the ability to implement the change. Training may consist of formal classroom instruction, field visits, computerized training, or any other method that the pipeline operator finds appropriate.

7.4 Emergency MOCs An emergency MOC procedure allows the change to be implemented and commissioned immediately in order to address an immediate safety, operational, health, or environmental situation. Because of the immediacy of an emergency MOC, some process steps may be done verbally. Control room personnel should be involved with review, approval and communication of the MOC at the time of implementation. The follow-up formal review and approval is conducted as soon as practical after the change has been made. Examples of emergency MOCs: — pressure reductions; — mainline leaks; and/or — critical equipment failure.

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7.3 Notification and Training

Bibliography [1] API Recommended Practice 1113, Developing a Pipeline Supervisory Control Center [2] API Publication 1161, Guidance Document for the Qualification of Liquid Pipeline Personnel [3] API Recommended Practice 1162, Public Awareness Programs for Pipeline Operators [4] API Recommended Practice 1165, Recommended Practice for Pipeline SCADA Displays [5] API Recommended Practice 1167, Alarm Management (still under development) [6] ASME B31Q 5, Pipeline Personnel Qualification Standard [7] U.S. DOT Title 49, CFR Part 192 6, Transportation of Natural and Other Gas by Pipeline: Minimum Federal Safety Standards

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ASME International, 3 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10016, www.asme.org. U.S. Department of Transportation,1200 New Jersey Ave, SE, Washington, D.C. 20590, www.dot.gov. 11 --`,,,,,`,````,,,,`````,`,``,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

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Unit Price

Publ 1113, Developing a Pipeline Supervisory Control Center

$79.00

Publ 1161, Guidance Document for the Qualification of Liquid Pipeline Personnel

$220.00

Publ 1162, Public Awareness Programs for Pipeline Operators

$90.00

Std 1165, Recommended Practice for Pipeline SCADA Displays

$142.00

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Product No. D11681