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A GUID,E rKl
CHESS ENDINGS Dr. MAX EXJ'GVE World Chnrnpio?~1935-1927
and
DAVID 1-IC)QPER
DOVER PUBI,ICA?'IONS, I S C , New York
CONTENTS Exumples Puge vii
Copyright Q 1976 by Uoler Publita~iotts,I l l < . . (:opy~-igl?~ @ 1!)59 f ) y Dl., M a x Euri,c ;ilrtl I>it>itl
C H A P ~1. ~ PAWN R ENDINGS I Thc Opposition 2 K,,f-PV. K 3 K,,I-ZPV. K 4 K-bP V. K + P 5 KS-2P 7. K,+P 6 More Pawm: Material Advantage 7 Mort Pawns: Positional Advanvage
Iooper. A l l rights rcservcrl u11tlt.r Pan A711eric:in ant! 111tc1-rrationalCopyright Convpntiona.
"T'his Ilttvcr txlilio~r,first ptiblistrctl i n 1976, is arr unaltrictgd anrl a)r.rr.c.teri rcpuklication ctf ~ h r\,ttrk c i~rsl prrbliskerl I,? &wid MrKay Co~ripauy, Ilrc., W r v I'ork, i ~ r$NU.
Manrrfarturctl irr t l ~ tU~titedStates of .%llrrrira Uover. X'rrblicatior~s, Iric. 180 'l'arick Street New York, N.Y. 20014
CHAPTER 11. MINOR PKECE ENDINGS 1 Kt v. P 2 3 {or Kt) v. 2P 3 B (or KQ Y. 3P 4 B {or fCtj+P v. K 5 B (or Kt)-kP v. P 6 B (OC Kt)+-P v. 2P 7 B (or Kt)!-P v . 3P 8 3 (or KO-tPziwns v. Pawns 9 B (or Kt)+P v. B (or Kt) 10 B (or Kt)+2P v. B (or Kt) 11 B (or Kt)+,2P v. B (or XCt)+P 12 More Pawns: Material Advantage 13 More Pawns: Posirionai Advantage 14 B+2P v. B of opposite coIour 15 Bishops o f opposite colour: more pawn.$ 16 Two Minor Piems v. Two Minor Pieces CHAPTER III. KOOK ENDINGS I RvP 2 R v. 2P 3 R v. 3P 4 R+P v. R 5 R+2P v. R
CONTENTS
6 R I P v. Rf P 7 R+2P V. R-I-P 8 More Pawns: Matcrial Advanrage 9 More Pawns: Posiiional Advantage CHAPTERIV, QUEEN ENDINGS
I 2
Qv.P Q Y. Mom Pawns
3 Qs-P v. Q 4 Q+2P V. Q 5 More Pawns: Malerial Advantage 6 More Pawns: Positional Advantage
INTRODUCTION TODAY many more tournament games are being prayed, and club and match games brought more frcquentfy to a finish, so that the ending is not left to the adjudicator:but is becoming of increasing importance to the ordinary p~a)cf. For the expert it has long been an outstanding characteristic of his play, and it is not accidcntai that the greatest mastcrs of chess have also been the greatest masters of the end-game. In the end-game, unlike the opening, proficiency does not d e p n d on the memory, but upon methodical study, and it i s not difficult, to acquire a skill that will add its quota of points and half-points to thc score table. Endings are predominantly positional. in charat%er,although combinstive and tactical maneuvring often enlivens the play. The best endings have their own appeal, one of accurate timing and precision. But the compelling reason for study i s surely the practical one: after a long struggle how heart-breaking it is not to reap one's full reward because of poor end-pby! In more than sixty examples from play in this book decisive mistakes wcre made, often by tfic greatest masters. Xn many ways the ending is a different kind of game: the importance of the pawn centre diminishes; the king becomes active; there is the possibility of stalemate; and the pawns, no longer a skeleton clothed by pieces, become powerful in themselves. When the number of pawns is reduced then vakes change, so that a piece may be worth no more than a pawn. Rather than a sketchy outline of the wholc fidd, we have made a fairly thorough study of those endings most likely to occur in play, especially chose with rooks. The book is h s l worked through as a course of study, so that the underlying ideas are absorbed, and a sound positional judgment acquired. It i s not at first necessary to understand every nuance, far less to try to remember the mare difficult and complex variations; indeed, one might weli pass over the sub-varjatians at a first reading. Some of the examples, noticesably in the later chapters, are harder than others. Although considered a suitable Cextbok for the less skilied player, some more cornplicatcd studies, and some recent theoretical discoveries such as the analyses of R+BP+RP v. R, and Q-tKtP v. Q, are included. Endings at first difficult yidd to further study; the wcaker player nced never be discouraged, far in time the ideaas bbecamc dearer, and a logical pattern is revealed. The examples arc for the most part classified according to the kind
of pawn-formation, and a d o ~ e nor more series of comparative studies, e.g. Examplcs 223-225, are intended to show the importance of this. Most of the usual conventions are folfawed. In chc diagrams White moves up the board. The player with the advantage, the 'stronger party', is often calfcd Whilc. Howcver, a question mark is used only to indicate a dccisivc error that changes the course of thc game, and is not otherwise used. The first named player is usually the player of the White pieces, although the uolours may be reversed for clearer presentation. Far the same rertson the em--dash is omitted from the moves of subvariations, e.g. P-K4 bccomes PK4. Acknowledgments are especialIy given to Cheron's three volume rnastcrpiect: Lehr- lrr~dE111~fdbuch der ErrJspiede, Berlin, 1955-57; Kook against fawns, by Mnixlis, Moscow, 1956; Chess Endings-Pawns, Bfshops, a d Knights, by Maizelis, Averbach, and Chekover, Moscow, 1956; Koncowu Gra S ~ u c h o ~Vol. + ~ 2,, 2854, and Vol. 3, 1957, Warsaw, an extensive collection of end-games with pieces, by Gawlikowski. We should also like to acknowledge the generous help given by Mr. F.W. Allen, who assiduously checked thc proofs; by Mr. van den Berg, who assisted with analysis and in various other ways; and by Mr. K . Wbyld, whose resmrch was invaluable.
DR.34. EIIWE,Amsterdam. DAVID NWPER, Reigate, England. September, 1958.
PAWN ENDINGS
-. . . the Pawns: They am the very Life of this Game. They alone form the Atlack and the Wefencc; on their good bad Situation depends the Gain or Loss of the I. THE OPPOSITION Bringing the king into play is the Erst thing to do in mast cases;for in contrast to the earlier phases of the game it is in the endins! that the Irin~. instcad of hiding himself or playing'into safety, b m e s an attacking piece. Xts freedom of action as it approaches its rivai is controlled by a wfationshrp ktwecn their respective positions, which i s known as the opposition.
4... 5 K-RS 6 K---Kt5 7 K,,,,,,- R 6 8 K-Kt6.
R-B 3 K--Kt2 ic;,,,,,,,,,132 K-Kt 1
Black may defend his corner square, 8... KRI 9. KB7 KRZ 10. KM, or
his bishop's square, 8... KBI 9. KR7 KBZ 10. KR8; but he is powerless to prevent White forcing his way through to the back rank.
X The kings stand opposite one another, i.e. in opposition. White, having to move, can never force his way forward: 1. KQ2 KQ5 2. KK2 K K 5 4 1 e is directIy opposed. Conversely, if Black moves first then he in turn cannot get to his sixth rank: 1.. . KQ5 2. KQ2 KRS 3. KK2. The ppayer with the move cannot farce the advance of his king; but this is not all, for bc cannot prcvcnt his opponent's advance. We shall suppose it to ix Black's move: I... K-,QS After which White's forward path is obstructed only on two squarm (Q3, 4133);But if I... KKt5 then White outflanlrs by 2. KQ3.
White's further advance, or outflanking, is restrict& by the edge of the board, so hc rcvakes thc opposition, and Black, having to move, must again give way-
viii
PIIIUDCIR, 1749.
Party.'
I
Dirm opposition White might as easily have reachad Ihe back rank on the king's side. 'Yo force this he must first move along the
rank. holding the opposition: I . . . KifS 2. KQ2 (Aftc~the irnmcdiate outflanking 2. KKt3 KQC, WJlite at &st gcts t o QM8 or QR8.) 2.. . KKS 3. KK2 KBS 4. K32 KKtS 5. KKt2 and now White oulflanks by 5... KBS 6. KR3, or 5... KRS 6. KB3, then working his way up the fiIes, as before. White, then, can force his way to any
I THE OPPOSXTION
I PAWN ENDXNGS part of the board, but not lo any pariiculrr square. 1 %musf ~ be careliii nor to lose the opposilion until his objective is
in sight. if, for instam, Btack cornmcnced by playing I . .. K H , ceding ail three squares in front of White's king, then Whitc must reply 2. K83 rewining the oppositior~,fur eithsr 2. KKt3 KRt4 or 2. KQ3 KQ4 loses it. Conversely, similar powers accrue to Rlack if White moves first. When the kings are thus opposed on file om square ag;dr[ i t is term& vertical direct opposition. It is usual to say that tkc player who ttasn't the move has the opposition, e-g. White bas the opposition i f i t is Black's move. Whoever movm first must give ground; or to put it another way: if you have the opposition you can oizlflank your opponent, and moreover you can choose your momem for doing so. The player having thc vertical opposition may force I~iswiiy to the farthermost rank. Also, a player having the horizvncal direct opposition may get to the farthermost file, e.g. White K at QKt6, BIack K ;it his Q3, which is simply Exarnpte 1 turned ninety degrees, 'I'hc direct opposiiion (king5 one square apart on the same file or rank) is the most fundamentai of alt chess rnanceuvm; and is of conseqritnce in most of the pawn endings in this book.
/ s,,.
...
K-Q2 king, fn. if ch. KK3 7. ~136, and K K ~5, if s.,. KKZ 6. KR6. 5
Trying
I
K-K2
manmvre his king clear of obstruc- I wants to get to a square near his KR8 tion by his pawn, as in the first variation. I corner. If I ... KKtS 2. KKt2 Whiie moves along to KKt2 and then outflanks; or it' I . .. KB6 2, KR3 and White At this stage Black also draws aRer moves to QR7 and outflanks. In botil 4..KK2 (B2) 5. KB5 KQ2, for White's these cases the diagonal opposition, pawn again prcvcnts his taking the which is often transitory, immediately opposition. rransDoses to the direct oonosition. 5 K-R5 K-B2 ~nst&d, Black might play I . . . KQS Black takcs rhc opposition whim 1 KKt2 RR5 3* KB2 Ki35 4, White's king advances round the side of KK'5 '. KK2 KR5 6. KB2 KR4 7.KB3, erc. his pawn. In practice the diagonal oppasiiion is 6 P - 4 6 ch. K-42 usually seen as a defcasive manceuvre, a Instcad, 6 . . . K-QI may be pfayed ~neansofpmventingtheopponent taking at once. ! the direcr opposition, as in Example 7. The direct and diagonaI opposiliuns 7 K-41 arc the only forms of close opposition Now that the pawn is on the sixth only j wkem the square or squares controlled ibis retrat draws- If7..+ KKI rfll)'! ! by one king may also catjlmandd by 8. KK6 (86) KQI 8. PQ7. I the other. There arc also lona-ran% 8 K.--B6 K-B1 i forms of the opposition, where tl& kin& Black takes the opposition, and are three or five squares apart. The kings are dcfincd as stand~ngIn White's king is unablc to cuminand the opposition when ( a ) they are on squarcs queening square. of the same colour, and (b) here is an 9 P-Q7 ch. K-4.1 cdd number of squares between them by 10 K-Q6 stalemate. he most dirrct route or routes. to
1
,
' 1
3
The kings arc one square apart on
4 With tllree squams between ihcm on the same file, the kings are in vertical
the same diagonal, and are said to be in diagonal opposition.
White plays and draws Black plays end loses
2 The o~tplrsitioni s here the decbive Factor, for lidnabla White to control the quacning square. 1 ... K-Kt3 2 K-Kt4 K-I33 3 K-34 White holds the opposition until his king is in front of the file as) his Dawn.
distant opposition. The player who has the opposition (we shalt suppose i t to be
The possession of any form of thc opposition mcans that one can force one's way to any part of the hoard. I f it i s Black's move, then M i t e has the onnosition. and we mav sunoose he
Whitc) has tbc power to get to any pari of the h a r d , as in ExampIe I .
But without the opprtsition White cannot win. I FC,,,-.ICt3 2 K-34 K--,,B3 3 P-Q4 White must try this as he will make no badway with his king.
None of Black's eight pwsibIc moves prevents the invasion of his ranks. If he advances, Wltite takes the diract opposition; if he retreats Wllite pursues, maintaining rlre ciisiant opposition; and if he movm sideways, as here, White outflanks by stepping to the other side.
i
White cannot take the direct opposiI f 4.. . RB3 5. KK5. tion bacalrse his pawn occupies the 5 K-BS relevant square. This always happens Thc right moment for the outfianking i when the pawn is beside or ahead of its ) king I f White is ro win he must be able movement.
Diugonaf opposition
1 3
Whitc outfianks at once. If he wishes instead to penetrate the king's side, hc must first play along the rank, 2. K - 4 2 . 2 ... lL-02 3 K-,,R4 There iu often a choice, and either
1 THE OPPOSITION
I PAWN ENDINGS 3. KU3 or 3. KR3 scrvcs; but White must not d e the vcrtical opposition, 3. KKt4 KKt3. 3 ... K.-Kt1 If 3.. . KR3 4. KRS. 4 K-Kt4
"
&
Retaking the disiant opposition.
White has thc direct opposition. One cannot always convert thc distant into the direcr opposition, and in many positions where the direct opposition is decisive, the distant opposition is of no signikanm. Imng-distant opposition (kings on the same file or rank with five squares between them) confers similar advantages, but the presence of pawns on the board usually interferes with such extended rnantcuvring, and exampies arc
I
I
Taking the opposition. The immediate outffanking 1. KR2? permits I.., KB2 2. KR3 KB3, when 3. KR4? loses, and going to the .QK~file cedes the oppocition, 3. KKt4 KKU, or 3. KKt3 KRt2.
K--Q1 Black plays towards the centre, else White outganks on the king's side, I ... KKtl 2. KQ3 KKtZ 3. KK3 KB3 4. KK4 KQ2 5. K34 KK2 6. KKt5 KB2 7. K M . 2 ,K-,,K13 The correct moment for outflanking. 2 ... K-B2 If 2. .. RQ2 3. KKt4. 11 2... KBl 3. RB4 retaking the (distant) opposition, which also happns after the fext move. 3 K-B3 K-Q2 I f 3. .. KKt2 4. KQ3 KB2 5. KK3. 4 K-Kt4 Again outflanking.
Thc direct opposition wins, and would do so if the position now reached were moved one or two files to the right.
rare in practice.
5 White converts the long-distant into the d i m t opposition. Black submits to this in preference to being ourflanked on onc wing or the other; bur if this position were moved one OF two files to
the right making a king's side outRanking irnpracticahle, then the iongdistant opposition would nut hc siefniflcant, and a draw would corn abo~lf. 1 K-B2
Whitc plays and wins Black plays and draws
'Yhe correct outflanking move. Not 6. W35? KR2, when Black has the opposition, and if 7. KKt5 KKr2 8. KKS KB3. 6 ... K-B2 7 K-J35 K--QZ 8 K-Kt6 K-Q I 9 K-B6. Soon Black's KP is lost. With the move BIack himself takes the longdistant opposition, and it so happens he can maintain the vertical opposition and thereby draw. 1 ... K-,-Kt2 2 K-Kt2 K-K t3 3 K-Kt3 K-Kt2 The distant opposition. Mack must not unwarily advance, 3... KKt4 ? for he loses the opposition after 4. KB3 KKt3 (4... RB3 5. KB4) 5 , KKt4. 4 IC;-,,,,,~ K--H3 5 K-Kt4 K-Kt3 UIack loses the vertical opposition afkr 5. ., KQ4? 6. KB3 KR3 7 . KW. 6 K-B3 K-XXZ 7 K-3 K-Q2 The opposition is not relevant on the Q, K, or KB, files because of pawninterfmcnce, ul~koi~gh Black must keep on the sarrle 81c as White to avoid being outfiankcd on one wing or the oothw. 7.,. KQI 8. K&Q KRI also draws after9.KBSRBZ10.~5PxPIl.KxP KQ2. 8 K-K4 K-KZ(R3) 9 K-,,,,,,~ K,--lU(B 1 ) I0 K-Kt4 K--Kt 1 I I K-RS K-R2. On wither wing can Whitc get the opposition. So far we have shown extended forms of the dircct opposition with both kings the same file or rank. Other longrange forms of the opposition a n m u r -*sltally howcvcr in composed studits.
6 The kings arc said to be in obiique opposition, which is compourtdcd of d i m diagonal opposition. 'The kings
+
am thrw squares apatr by the most direct routes, in accordance with our earlicr definition. Anothcr definition also involves odd numbers: visualize the slnallmt rwtangie containing the two kings: and if thc sides are both odd numhrecl (as here 5 x 3 squares) the k i n p stand in opposition.
Oblique opposition The squares mark& by dots are those on which Black's king might also stand in opposition of one kind or another to White's king on QR2. Sixtmn squaris are in this way related, and there arc four such sets of squares on the chessboard, as letiercd on the suppIementary diagram. If one player moves to a B square, the other retains the apposition if he ;ilso moves to a B square, and so on. For instance, if White plays 1. KKtl (a 13 square) Black may reply 1 . . . KQ6, I... KB6, I , . . KQ4, or I . . . RB4 (alt of which arc D squaraf, thus retaining the apposition in one form or another.
1. TEE OPPOSITION
X PAWN ENDINGS 6A This pattern might bc termed thc natural oppositional fiefd. It mrty be (and usualfy is) disturbed localiy by pawns, as aIrcady smn in Example Z*.
7
7 A player who has the opposition need never lose it&-unless pawns inter+ ' ferc. Here they cfo nat, and Black draws an apparently hopeless position by maintaining the defensive opposition. ?he marked-off areas show thc lower two ranks as White's domain, and the qumn's side area as Black's. White always wins if his king gets into Black's
domain-rcgrdless of the apposition. 1 To get there mite must n~ovethrough the transitional area (the 25 squares on the king's side and back rank). If Black moves to the KB Ale or sixth rank, White advances the RP; and if Black capturcs White's KtP, White queens the RP and wins against Black's KIP, Example 303. When White's king is in the transitional arra, he wins with and draws without thc opposition; when it is on the lowcr two ranks, the opposition is not signifimnt. 1 ... K--QS ntiick stays on K5 and Q5 until White plays to the rbird mnk (transitional a ~ e a ) after which Black must take the opposb
.."...
Dmwn The only move to draw, and probably the only instan~u:of the oblique opposition in a practical position; for this ending does accuf in play, e.g. Spietmann v . Makarczyk, Warsaw, 1934. Black draws only by maintaining thc opposition as in the table &low, which also indicates the sqirarc letters camponding with diagram bA. White K. Black K.
tirm
KR8 Kg8 QKtS ICKtB K 3 KKt5
2 K-,-BZ It is no use sacrificing the RP, 2. PR5 KIM 3. KO3 RKt4 4. RQ4 K x P 5 . KB4 for Black lakes the onmsitian after S... KR3 6. R x P ~ ~ $ 3 1 2 ... K,,--K5 After 2,.. KF16? 3. PR5 White queens first. 3 K-Kt2 R-,Q5 4 K--I12 K--K5
In practice a situation arises with, say, Whitc? to mow, and it is desirable for him that the same position should be brought about with Black lo move. Having to move Black must submit to one d two threats: I . . . KQI (Kt1) 2. KQ5 (taking the opposition) Z... KI31 3. PBf KKt2 4. KQ7 KR2 5. KO8 queening the BP; or I... KBZ 2. KB5 KB1 3. KKiS wininng the RP. Triangulation is often the means by which one or other of two closely related threats may be forced. Whitc lo play bses a tempo by moving round the triztn~le 0 5 - W Q 4 , whilst Hack must to xtl, for from 31 to Ql , or 9 2 is always answel& by KB5
White plays and wins 1, this position
...
Whitc
myget
to
QKtj' in fmr moves by moving along the rank; he also rakes four moves by travelling diagonally via QS; but in the latter case Black's king is kept out.
winnlng the RP.
f K-K6 K-I36 1.. KQ6 2. KQS KK6 3. K36 KQ5 4. KK17 coma to the same thing.
.
2 K-Q5 A game, Schlagc v. Ahues, Berlin, 1921, continued 2. KQ6? KQS 3. KR6 KK4 4. KKt7 KQ3 5. K xP, with a draw because Whitc's king is imprisoned after 5 . .. KB2, a stock situation with thc RP. The same thing would have htrpwnd if White had cornmetlced 1. KK7?
White wins
61Q3
QRr3 K4
K2
D KRJ KB3 Q3 KI35 KRS KR7 KB7
Q4 Q2
Triangula~ion annot
The defensive opposition 11ere takes five forms: vcrticaf direct, diagonaI, horizontal direct, horimntal distant, and oblique.
pawns which restrict the defender. 'rwo e a r a t e threats are nwessav, and without the RPs this position would drawn.
8 Triangulation is another frequently used king nlancruvre. (>ncking purposefully round a triangle d three board fo bear a unique relationship to a elsewhere. The Brjlis,l c o m p o ~ r sq~x'cswhihjlsthis rival, who i s in some C. D. X,ocwk pioncemd such related i WaY ratrified, must shuttle to and fro on sauaw problems (1#92),,,,,,,,fortunatciyY I two squares. Obviously, one 'loses a perhaps, &ch things do not occu~in ( ~nuve'in this fadlion.
9 Quitc a different rnartmvxe, the diagonal march, i s peculiar to the kings. In travelling from one part of the h a r d to another, the king may make a considaable detour from the straight path, wihoul taking a greater number of
5 K-R3
I,
moves.
m.rte f m s his king in time, and the
bc demon-
strated with bare kings, for it is the
i :
of marching sidw of a triangle mCKK6-,Q5,-H&-,,,,Kt7) instead of the hypotenuse (~-Ky-,-Qy-Bj'-Kt7). p;iw, qumns;
2, KING AND p h ~ s KING The circumstances under which the pawn wins are sizown in Exampie 2: Whitemust at lea51 obtain the uppusition with his king in front of (clear o f I obstruction by) his pawn; only thus can
7
I PAWN ENRINGS
2 KING AND PAWN v. KING
he eventually gain control of the queening square.
IO Tlw kings ax oa the s m side of the pawn, but White's is backward. When his king is one file neawr thc pawn tban Black's, he may be able to gain the pawn.
White plays and wins Black plays and draws
K-Kt3 R-Bal K-K3 K---Q2
22 A pawn on the fifth rmk wins if the king i s in front of it, whether or not White has the opposition, for in eittlc:r case Whitc gains control of the queening square {except with KP). With the movc, White plays I. ICKt6 {taking the opposition: if I. PRt6? KBI 2. PKt7 ~ . - K K ~3. IKKt6 stalemate) 1...K-Rt 2. K-37 K--R2
K-45.
Taking the dixcct opposition. Black to play draws by moving lo the knight's
-.
hle.
XI
It is possible to cross the quaening fife behind the pawn, for which White's king nee& to l x two fifes nearer than Black's. 1 K-Q2 K-32 2 K-BJ K-K3 3 K--W. Only this wins; and after 3. RQ3 4. KQ4, or 3 . . . KQ2 4. KQS, White takes the opposition. Hack draws with the movc, by playing to the bishop's file, I . . . KB2, or I... KB1 2. KQ2 KK2 3. KB3 KQ2. In neither af t h w examples could White have obtained Ihc direct opposi-
rulc which, of course, applies to all pawns. After I. P-KI Black is unable to eater the square (which has diminishd carrespundinglyj so the pawn rum through without let or hindrance. With the move Black gets into the square. I K-B4 Threatening ro stop the pawn. 2. PR4 KK3 3 , KKt4 RQ? 4. KKt5 KB2 5 . KH6 KKti and 6 . .. KRI. In endings with RP thc opposition doesn't matter-,if BLack's king pts in front of the pawn hc always draws. . . a
BPak has the opposiiion, and Whitc
tion by moving up on thc same side of the pawn. IT herc I . KKZ? KR2 2. -3 White has the distant opposition but it does him no good, Z... KK2 3. KK3 KQ2, and now if White advances to rhe fourth rank Black takes the oppmition. Examplm 2, I 0 and I I, show a pawn on Q3; but the same rulm appfy to any pawn (except the KP) on its second, third or fourth rank.
White plays and wins Black plays and draws
5
of the pawn' and if Hack's king cannot get into i t , he cannot stop the pawn-a
Qtting a trap. Instcad, I... K B I , taktkiog the apposition, is answered by 2. fKt6 2 K-B7 K-R 1 3 K-Kt6 Not 3. PKtB? stalenu*.
opposition by the stratagem of crossing ovcr the queening file in front of his
i K-B2 2 K-KJ 3 K-"44 4 K-,-B5
14 The heavy line shows 'the square
3. P,--Kt6 ch. K-RI, and Whitc mates in thrm. BI'ick d m no better with the opposition: ..-"" 1 ... K-K2
this stage a simple pawn advance squmm Black out,
m o t outflank, but at
13 A pawn on the sixth wins if m i t e obtains the vertical direct opposition with his king afongsidc his pawn (except with RP). I K-BS K-31 2 K-36
Whire plays and wins Black plays and dr;tw$
1
12
1 .,, HB5? enters the square, but Black's retreat is then obstnrcted, 2. KIM KIC4 3. KBS KK3 4. KB6 KR2 5. Pa4 KQI 6. KRt7, and the pawn
quwns.
I
White plays and wins
1 8
White wins
Taking the opposition. 2. KK6? KKI 3. W 7 ch. KO1 4, KOb staIemates, If white's kin^ -is not >ontrolling the Wming sq&rc, the pawn c h ~ k i n gon the seventh draws. 2 ... K-KI 3 K--KL K-Q 1 4 P-47.
\
1
I 1
9
K-K3 2K-B4 3 K-B5 K-42 4 K-Kt6 K-,,B 1 Th&w square in the ending with RP. 5 K-R7 White prevents Black from blocking the pawn only by blocking it himself. With the RP this draws, bwaux the crossover stratagem of Exampie I0 is not possible,
3 RING AND TWO PAWNS v. KING 5
...
Not I . KKt1 ? KKt6 2. KBI PB7 3. KK2, when either 3 . . . KKt7 or 3... PB8:Q ch. wins. I .,. K-B4
K-B2
6 p R4 K--B3 6,. . KBI also draws. 7 P-RS If7. KKt8 KKt3; and if 7. KRG KB2
or evcn 7... KM.
7 ... K-B:! Not 7... KKt4? 8. PR6 KB3 9. KKt8. 8 P-RB K-B I 9 K ,,,,,,,.Kt6 XC 9. KR8 KB2 10. PR7 KX31 statemate. 9 ... K-Ktl 10 P-R7 ch. K-R I I I R-R6 stalcmak. The idea of confining White's king to the rook's file also draws when the kings arc farther back, e.g. White K at QR3, P at QR2, v. Black K at QB6.
2 K-I32
K-.,-KS
3 1(,,,,,,,. 4 R-K1
K--K6
White take? the opposition. 4 ... P-B7 ch. 5 K-B1. A draw was agreed, for if Rtack guards the PJ37 he stalemates, and if he ahandons it he cannot win with the other pawn.
16 Doubfed pawns {except RPs) win if hrther back. for a tempmove by the exlra pawn gains the opposition.
1 I i-Q4 Not 1. K M ? KKt3, when the extra 1 Fawrl islost. I
I ...
K--Kt3 K---B4 K-Kt2 I If 2... KB2 2. KB5 RKt2 3. PKt6 With a few exceptions this is usually a . RR3, White gains the opposition by sirnpk win. i 4. PKt7 K R 2 5. PKt8 -0ch.. but must 15 DouhIed piwns an the fifth and not play 4. KB6? stalemare. sixth ranks draw if the ddc~dcr obstructs them and if he has the opposilion. Erom hcrc the 13th match game Eliskases v. Bogoljubow, 1938, continued : 1 K,,-BI 1 KING AND TWO PAWNS v. -. --
KING
1
i
1
17 United pawns {pawns on adjoining files) always win.
2. PR6? KR2, or 2. W6? KB2) 2... K-Kt2 3. K-B4, ek. If I . . . W3 2. PR6. 2 P-B6 K-R2 If Black captures the rear pawn the other advances to queen. 3 K,,,,,-Kt3 K,,-R 3 Alter 3.. . KKtl 4. PR6, RIack is in xumang,* for iT4. .. K R I 5. PB7, or if 4...KBI 5. f R 7 . Black can be caught in this fashion only when rhc pawns are on the sixth, for then he Ras no suitabk retreat square. 4 K-B4 -K-R2 Wbitc wins 5 K,,,,-Rs K-R3 6 K-,-Q6. In this ~ i l x a pawn must be sacridoed Avoiding a trap, 6. PB7? KKt2 to gain the opposition: 1. K-K4 K-R 1 ~ h . 7. KQ6 RBI, when either 8. PR6 or 2. K - 4 . 5 K-,-Kt2 3. P--RS:Q (3. KQ6 KRI 4. KBY? stalemate) 8 . KB6 stalemates. 3... K x Q 4. R-B&-diagonitl oppasition. 19 Curiousty, pawns two fifm apart United pawns can always defend a n n o t defend themelvc~if not beyond themxlves: if here 1... K x P the other the fourth rank. With the move Whitc's king succours his pawns; but Black to pawn goes on to queen. play successfully attach them. 18 Diwnnecied pawns one file 1 ... R-R4 apart also ddmd themsclvm on what2 P-K5 ever rank fhcy stand; but, like united After 2. RKt2 K x P 3. KB3 KKt4 pawns, their advance cannot be forced without the help of their king. 1 ... K-R 3 Black may play instcat1 I... K-Kt1 2. K-Kt3 {advancing a pawn loses them both, Black attacking the fowrnost om,
M i t e wins
3
K-U2 132)
4 P-Kt6 ch.
f~
5 K-Kt5
6 K-Rfi 7 P,,,-KtY ch. 8 P--KtS.
Drawn
White plays and wins Black pfays and drnws
~ t 2 K-Kt I K-R I K-Kt1
The decisive tempomove.
White wins
1 11
* Literally. 'compulsior: to move', the term implies that Black must give way to White becatise he is undcf the necessity of having to move.
5 KING AND TWO PAWNS v. KING AND PAWN
I PAWN ENDINGS
lf I . KB4 KK6 2. PRP PB5; or if I. KKt4 KK6 2. PR4 KB5. I ..+ K-K4 Not I ...KKS ? 2. PR4 KBS 3. KQ4 RRt5 4. KK3 PI35 ch. 5. XIB2 b i d i n g
24 Three posi~ionswith Black RP or KtP on t h ~second rank: are drawn b u s e of stalemate t h m t s .
the BP.
2 P-R4 If2, K-Kt4 P-B5? 3 . K-B3 K-K5 5. P-R4 K-Kt6 4. K--Q2 K-136 (5.. KKtS 6. KK2) 6.Y-,-KS (6.KK2? KKt'l 7. PRS PB6 ch.) 6... P-36 with
he has a rook's pawn. 1 . K-*.
(After I. PKr7 K x P 2 . ICQ5 White wins Btack's RP hut his own is useless.) I K-Q3 3. K-K4 K.,,,,-H3 3 . K..,K5 K-Q2 4. R-Q5 K,,-Qi 3. K-Q6 (5. KRS KBI 5. PKt7 ch. KRtl 7 . RKt6 stalemate) 5... K-B1 6.K-B6 K-Kt1 7. P-Kt7 R--R2 8.
...
statemate
26 The other six positions are won for White whose simplest way is to sacrifice ORC pawn in order to outflank
.
a draw.
To 2. K-Kt4 Bkack should answer 2...8--K5 3. K-Kt3 (3. PR4 KB5) 3. .. P-35 4. K-82 K-R6 5. K - 4 1 K-B7 6. P-R4 P--336 7. P-RS K-Kt?. and he q w s with check.
2 3
.-.
White wins
n - i - ~ iK-BI
P-B5
5. K.---Q8K-Ri
PC--BQ
4, R-K7 6.K-I38
K-KII
(B7) stale-
mate.
After 3, PR5 fE16 4. PR5 KB3 Black queens his piwn, and stops White's.
2 4 (no ~ diagram). The four basic positions whew Black has a BP or 4 K-B3 Centre P on thesecond rank (the position If 4. PR5 PI36 5. PR6 FB7 6. PR7, df diagram 24 moved one,two, three, or four files to the right) are easily won. and BIack quens with check. White may either sacrifice the p a w d 4 K-K6 pawn and sq~zee~e Black out, of outflank 5 P--W p B6 on thc other side. 6 P-,-R6 P-37 7 P-R7 P-B8 -Q 8P-R#=Q Q--RSch. 25 Only one position with Black's pawn on the third rank is drawn-when Winning White's queen by a skewer check, a not uncommon device. 3
...
I ... 2 K Q2 K-43 Taking the distant opposition, 2 ... K-,K 3 3 fi-,,B3 Uutftanking. 3 ... K-Q4 K,,,,"-X4 4 M-43 5 K,--H4 K-Q3 6 K-04 K-I32 If 6., . KC12 7. RB5 KB2 8. PKt6 c KKt2 9. KKt5 KKtl 10. K XP; this is thc usual winning method. 7 K--.Q5 7. KB5 also wins, but not if White continues 7...KKt2 8. PKtS? KR3 9. KB6 stalemate. 7 ... K--Kt3
K-KS
White wins
...
5 . KING A N D TWO PAWNS v. KING AND PAWN An undemranding of the Inany pssible blocked positions is essential; and a fairly thorough examination of these is rhereforc given. There are 35 different kinds of mition wl~cre White has a protected @ Dawn. and most of these he can usuaiiy
win.
27 Black Ioscs all seven positions where he has a Dawn on the fourth. White must not sacrificehis passed pawn as in the pl-~cedingexample, but should outffank the enc~ny'sposition. K-Kt2 white must take more care against a K-Kt 3 RP,M u s e of stalcmatc threats. 9 . . . KKt3 10. KB8 KR2 I f . KB7 1 K-A2 transposes. 9. .. RRI prmits mate in 5. Now Black cannot retain the (distant) K,,-R2 opposition by playing to QB3-in fact his whole defence is obstructed hecause h, mu 12. KKtS wins, white's pawn controfs this square; for reason, t)le immediate out+ I but White must avoid the stalemat# ".king aim suffices: 3 . KQ3 KG4 12. RB7? or 12. PKr7 ch.? RKtl KKt6: 2- KK3 KK4 3. KB3 KQ4 4. K34 xQ3 S. KK4 RR3 6. KQ4 KQ3 11 . . . K-R1 7. m,gaining thc opposition. 12 K-Kt6.
-
I 14
Drawn
/
35
5 KING AND TWO PAWNS v. KfNG AND P A W N
I PAWN ENDMCS
28 When Black's pawn is on the fifth, two new dcfendw ideas are possible: thc defensive- opposition, shown in its most extensive form in Example 7 ; and the counter attack with thc BP now to be illustrated. With the move Black may choose When While's king is on YB3, or KJ. either dcffnee: 1.. . KWK2 laki np and holding the opposition as in the Examp{e B!=k must be abte to take the vertical quoted, or 1 . . .K-.K4 2. K,,,-Kt6K-x5 I dmct opposition: he has no other 3. K--Kt5 K-,Q6 4. P-Kt5 K x P defcncc5. P-,Kt6 K , - 4 7 6 . P-Kt? K - B 6 5 K-B2 R--B5 7. P--KI8--Q P-87, when the BP on ) If 5 . , . K ~ 4 ?6. K1O; J.., Kthe seventh draws, Example 305. 6.KB3. White is no betlw off with the opposition: 6 K-K2 K-K5 K.,,-W 1 E;,.-Kt6 6 . KB2 outflankNot 5 . , . IC85(W? when ~ f ~ ~ kison, the ~ fourth, jng On queen's side. fifth, or sixth, it i s no use White S L I C F ~ ~ ~ C K-K.3 ing the passed pawn, 1. PKt5 KQ3 2. KB6 KIM 3, KKS K x P 4map play 8... RKS 9.KRZ KKt3 5% K XI',for Black takes the , RQ3, but not 3.,.KB3? opposition, 5 . , . KB3. 9. KKZ KQ4 10. KB3, when he annot take the direct apposition. 9 K--81 The distant opposition is no use, I 7.KK2 KB3 8. KBZ KK3 etc. 9 ... L;-..44 10 K-Kt2 K-B3 11 K-RZ K.--Kt3 Not I I ... KRt4? 12. KR3, when White wins. 12 K-R3 K-Kt4. White cannot get through on the rquen's side. Drawn In all this, the opposition only reatly
I
1 (w)?
I
j. K-B8 K,-33 (the defensive anoosi- 1 2 tian; the counter attack 1 ... ~ ~ k - a l s o
. ..
Y-K< ----
an
29 If 1 , . . RBS White ouiflsnks on rhe queen's side, 2. RB2 RKS 3. KKt2 KQ4 4. KH3 KB3 5. KKt4 KQ4 6. KKtS; whitst if I... KQ4 White outflaaks an the king's side, 2 KK3 KQJ 3. KK4 KK3 S. PQS ch. KQ3 6.KQ4. White to play Iosw a move by a trianguiation :
Ji? When aIf the pawns are on the antre files, White atways wins, except when his king is an the hack rank and h ~ W S not have the opposition, i.e. I . KKt8 RKt3 2. KB8 KB3 3. K48 KQ3--Black mainrains the opposition all the rank without leaving the square of White's pawn.
Kw
..
mattered when White's king was on R3 2 K-Kt5 or RB3. However, the opposition may also & 3 K-Kt4 when White's king is on K8 me o u ~ a f i k i n gJ , g B 6 is answeE* significant or Q8. If in the diagram position White's by J... KQ6. king is at Kg (instcad of KKt7) we get K.,,-K$ 3 ... the following play: Black to move Loses Albin playing a s i n s t Charoustk, (White having the opposition) 1 ... Xlertin, 1897, ,made the mistake of play- K-Q3 2,K.--Q8 (2. RB7? KK4 3. ing3 ... RQ6? 4. PKt5 K x P 5 . PKtb KK7 KKS I . ICQ6 KQ6) 2 . , . K-B3 KQ7 6.PIE17 PB6 7. PKt8 =Q P87, (2,.. KK3 OT K4 3. RB7) 3. d,,-K7 K,,,when White's king was nMr enou& for Kt4 4. K-Q6 K-K5 5 . K-45 K-,Kt6 6.K-W. Mitt to move draws: rt mating attack: 8. Q K t t KQ8 9. KB3 1 .
K-R4 K-KS
I6
White PI-dys and draws
W3itc wins oustornary outffa&i% 3- KKz -5 2. KR2 KKS 3. KKfl? fails rf& KQ6 PQ6 KFFI 6. Pa7 7. PQ8-Q f'87~ a n i wllh Bkk's on the *night's hit, the BP on seventh here draws, Example 3M.
'.-.
*
Black's trouble is &at he cannot stay On the K-file (White's QP interferes, con. wouing KS),and if 1 . -5 2. KB2;
..
w k l ~ tafter I . . . KQ6 2. PQS R x P 3--1 the BP is bXwked. 2
K-m
w k n i n g . 3. K-K3.
/
Black plays and loses Having the opposition, White wins I.., K K f l 2. KKt8 KR) 3, KB8 KQ3 4. KQ8 KK3 5. XK8, ouiRankinp after I... KB3 6. KQ7, or 5... KQ3 6.~ ~ 7 . ~ 1 cannot d c k by crplwing j+$iteWs UP. because a centre P on
31 Regardless OF the positions of the kin@, this ending is lost for Btack. The defensive opposition d m mt GdVe him bacause he cannot play Us king to the RR file, for then White anrwcrs P-B5. After 1. KKt8 KKt3 mite wins by
X PAWN ENDINGS
S KMG AND TWO PAWNS
6 K-B3 7 K-&4 K-Kt3 X K-Q5 Not 9. PKtS? KR4 9. K85 stalornatc. 8 .., K.-KM 9 K-K5 The same finesse as on the first move, bur this time White gains the horizontal opposition because Bktck's king cannot occupy R4 or
R4.
...
9 I0 'K-K6 White wins
1
playing his king via KR8 to KRJ and around to URt3. .a lenathy - . but simple i process. 1
32 Finalty,
two other
12 K
If 12.-. KR3 13. Kg6 KR2 14. K ~ t 5 . 13 K.-,,,,.B6 'K-Kt6 14
c a m with
g7
K-,B3 K-Kt3 K-Kt4 K US
P--K~S
KXP
15 P-Kt6 K-R7 I6 P--Kt7 K-R8 17 P,,,-Kt8=Q P-R6. A EIP on the sixth is helpless against a queen : 18 Q-K5 ch. K-Kt8 19. Q-..K 4 ch. K-Kt7 (19... KRS 20. QB2 PR7 21. QBf mate) 20. +Kt4 ch. K-R7 2 1 . K-.,.Qfi. Alternatively, Whitc's king i s near enough for a mating finish: 18. KB5 PR7 19. KK14 KRt8 20. QQ6 PRB-Q 21. QQI ch. KKt7 22. QQ2 ch. KKt8 23. KKt3.
Black pawn on the fifth are alwiys won. This example compares with no. 27. f K---B1. The KIP, controlling QB5, prevents Black's maintaining the (distant) opposirion. 'Thc routine outflanking is more long-winded, 1, RQ2 K(i5 2. K K 2 RKS 3. KB2 KB5 4. KKtZ KK5 (4 ... KKtS 5. PKtSf 5. K K t l . I ... g-Q4 2 K OI K-K4 3 ~--%2 lG-435 4 K-Q2 K--,,,,85 5 K-K3 K-Q4 The counter-attack S... KKtCl fails, as
1
T h i s is onc of two basic positions Ym cormlate to nos. 7 and 28. To win, m i t e needs to have the opposition with ' king on the s a n d rank, I . .. KQS 2. m3 K&Q 3. RKJ, etc. m w to pjay only draws: I. R-,,,.B2 K-BS 2+K-,-Kt2 K-K6 ( 2 . .KKt5 1 & draws) 3. P-KM (3. KRt3 KQ7) ) 3... K--47 (orJ... KQ51.instead White I may try 1. K-Kf K-K6 2. K-+l K 4 5 (not 2. ..KB6? 3. gfll KKG 4,~KtCtl) 3 . K - 4 1 K-84 4.K-Kt1 K-Kt4 {4. .. KKt5? 5. KRZ) 5. K-RI
1
6- K-RZ K-KtS.
K-R4
34 In thm basic positions (as diagrammod, or the position moved om or two files to the Ieft) White wim regardfarr of the oppasifion, if his king gets to tfie second rank (one exception: in this position White R at QR2 d m not m a r i l y win). Mite plays 1. x-m (or 1 . KB2) 1.. K-34 2. K--K3 K-K4 3. P-Q4 ch. IC+ 4. K-,,Q3. Black to pIay: K-BA
.+,
2. KBI KK6
draws.
3. RKt2 KQ7 also
K-,,,"g6 ." 3 K-BI K-QS KwKt' K,,-R4 K-R2 K--KC5 K-R' K-Kt4. The only move. If 6... KR6 ( 5 , 4)? 7. RKtl KKt5 8. RBI KB4 9. KQt KQ5 10. KK2; and i f 6.. . RB4? 7. KKtIKKt4 8.KB1.
-
There are 28 basic positions where White has a backward pawn,
1
35 Two position7 with Black's pawn on the second rank offcrstalemate draws kCause White has u rook\ pawn.
I
Drawn
33 When Black's pawn is on the rank, he draws if he ran capture White's rcar pawn. sixth
White plays and %ins Black ptays and draws
this particular position White has "Manking threats on either wing; conWUently I ... KKfi? loses after 2. KQ1 mg 3. KBI KK6 4. RKtf KQS 5- KR2 KB4 6.KKr3. Whitc wins
KING A N D P A W
3 4 (no ~ diagram). In two positions, where Black has a blocked CCrHre pawn on the sixth, White wilt be ablc to outflank on one wing or the orher, and nnrrnally wins unless Btik's king can attack White's fear pawn.
.
1
9.
I
2
K-41
I
Here an exchanae leaves White a usclesv RP. I . ~ z K r 6K--Krl (I ... PxP'! 2. PR7) 2. P. -Kt7 (2. KKtS P x P) stalemate.
36 In the other casc also Black canIx dug out of the corner. I . K-QS
not
K--.B1 2. K-KG
K-Kt1
3. K - 4 7
5 KING AND TWO PAWNS v.
X PAWN ENDINGS
opposition w k n White's pawns are far forward. 2 K--424 K-02 3 K--QS K-B I
SO
K 4 I 5 K-K5 K-Bi If 5 , .. KKI 6. PB6 RQI 9. P x P. 5 K-K7 XC-,,,.Ktl 7 R-07 R.--R1. White mates in five: 8. PB6 PX P. 9. KB7, etc. 4 1(,,,,,,,.Q6
Drawn K-KtI (4... P x P ? K-li l 4. 5. xB7) 5. p-.,R7 ch. K-RI stalemate,
37 The five othcr positions with Black's pawn on the second rank may bc won by White regardless oi whether or not he has the opposition. Xn this particufar ca* Whik is better off with his pawn at QBS than at QB7. 1 K-K5 Not 1. PB6 ch? P x P ch.? 2. KB5 KQ1 3. KQij KBl 4. K x p and Whire wins; with (Four) othcr pawn configrirat i ~ m qthis method is decisive, but here Black should reply I... KBI 2. p337 K 0 2 . Examnit 24. White must mt his king 'to Q7 'OF Q8 More be advances
I
The results of all 21 positions wherc Black's pawn is on its third, fourth, or frftlz rank depnd upon who has the opposition-assuming the kiqgs to be more or less nomaliy placed. There arc two main groups, a c c o ~ d i n ~ to the basic pawn-configuration: 12 positions where Whitt: has a backward BP or Centre P; and 9 positions, less favourabls for him, where he has a backward KtP or KP.
2 K-B4
K-,K3
3. K-K4 K--Q3 5. K-B5 soon winning Black's pawn; or exchanging pawns, I . . . K-B4 2 P-@ f x P ch. 3 , K x P K,,,-K3 4. K-B5 (Examplz 10) 4.., K-,,,,Q2 5. K-Kt6 K,,,,,,,,BI,and taking the opposition, 6. Without thc opposition White can ody set snares: I R,,-B2 If I. KU3 KB4 2. KKt3 KK4.
I
.,.
P x P ch. 3. K x P,White has a useless
R P. However, the tbrcr: basic positinns wherc Black has a blocked RP on i s third, fourth, or fifth, rank can be won for White if he has the opposition with his king one rank farther Forward, on a level with his blmkcd pawn; and if here I... K-Kt3? 2. K-Q4 (2. KB4? KB3 draws) K-B3 3. K-FW a simple outflanking follows, 3... KKt3 4. KQS
K,,-H3 Maintaining the vertical opposition i s the simpler way, and with Mocked centre pawns (Example 5) it would be the only way; but here I .,. K-K3 also 1 draws, 2. K-KZ (the distant opposition is ineRCEiive because there is not enough spam to outflank on the other side of blocked BW or KtPsf 2 . . . K-,,,.B3 3. K-02 (3. KR2 KK1 4 KKtI KK4) 3... K-K3 4. K-332 K-Q3 5. Kt3 K--83 6. K-R4 K,,,,-Kt3. Other replies lose the opposition:
1 1
II 1
KKt2 5 . KB5.
40 The remaining six positions where White has a backward RP or KtP arc comprised in the diagram position, and the same movcd one file to the left and/or one rank forwards or bacttw&rds. Whik lacks the space for outflanking on the side where the backward pawn is. Black to play: I .,. K--M 2 K,,,,,,,,Q3
Xf 2. KEJ KK4 3. KKt4 KQ5. 1...KM?2.KB3:1...KQ5?2.KK2 K-K4 KK4 3. KK3; or I . . . KR5? 2. KK2 KKt4 3. KK3. 2 K--K2 K-,,K3. Black can always hoid the opposition. 2
38
p~sitiofiof this diagram, and the same moved one file left, o* one or two files to the rihrht, andlor one rank forwards or backwards comprise the
K M G A N D PAWN
.
h
-
39 Where there arc blocked RPs tExampfc 38 nrovcd two files to the left) there is no rcal threat of exchanging KQ4 2. PKt4 pawns, for aftcr I
the BP. X ... K-,,,B3 I... KK2 fails against 2. PB6 KQI 3. P x P . Black canno1 maintain the
...
39 Drawn
1 1
Whire plays and draws BIack plays and loses
White wins
White wins if he has the vcrtical direct opposition with his king abreast d his backward pawn bemuse of the double threat : either outflanking, 1 K - 4 3
...
i
! Drawn
1
1 21
4 K,,--B2 5K-,,,-Kt2 6 K-,R3
K-K3 K-02 K --B3
7K-R4 K ,,,,,,,. White to play: I K-Q3 K-Q3 I... KB3? permiis White to advancc his Ktl', 2. KB3 KK3 3. PKt4 P x P oh. 4. K X P KQ3 5. KKt5, Example 11.
I PAWN ENDINGS of moves: 4. K-Kt4 K-B7 {4 ... KQ5? 5. KKt5) 5. K-R4 K-B6 (5 ... KKt7? 6. PKt4; or 5. KQ6? 6. KKt5) 6. K-R3 K - 9 6 (6... KB7? 7. PKt4; or 6... KQ57 7.KfCt4) 7.R-R4 K-R6 (7. .. KH1? 8 . PKt4 7.,. KQ5? 8.KKt.5) 8.K -R3 K - 4 6 , ctc. If White tries 9. KKtZ KQS 10. KU2, then lo.,. PKt4. The same idea occurs one rank farther forward after I . P-B4? (1. PB37 KB7 2. KKt4 KQ6 3. PI34 RB7 4. PRS KQ6 5. KKr5 KRSj K 4 7 2. P--B5 K-I36 3. K-R4 K - 4 6 4. K .Kt4 K--05 5. K-Kt5 K-B6 6, P-Kt4 K--Kt6 7. K-R5 K-RS. With pawns nlorr: mtltrallp placed this attack from the rear would fail, White's king having enough space in which to autnlaneuvre Bhck. The key move is now clear: I K-.Kt2 K-47 2 P-Kt4
White plays and wins Black plays and draws 3 K-nl 4 K--Ql 5 K,,,,,-K2
K-c? K-KB(K5) K--B5
If 5... KKS 5. PB3, Example 38. 6 P--Q4 The double pawn movm makes the diirwnce. 6. PQ3? KK4 draws: whitst the outflanking 6 . KB2 KKS 7. KKt3? fails against 7 . .. PB6. 6 ... K-KS 7 I!--33. As Exampie 29. With his pawn on the fifth Black has a new drawing resource (avaifable for the five pawn corlfigurations related to Examples 33 and 34) as here with the move: 1... P-B6 2. P,,,,,,,,Q3 K-Kt4 (2... KRS? 3. KKt1; Z... K M ? 3. KKt1 KKt4 or KIS 4. KBI).
White plays and wins
44 With BP+RtP v. KtP White's c h a m are not less f a ~ ~ u ~ than b l cin
2. P M ? KQ6 leads to variations already given. A dmw follows 2. PB3? KQ6 3. PKt4 PKt3 4. KKt3 PKt4 5. KKt2 KQ7 6. KKt3 KQ&--an unusual use of the opposition in a variant of Example 38.
the above examples, but a defensive resource of quite a different kind may sometimes be effective against pawns near the edge of the board. This i s shown in a study bv Griaoriev.
placed. After 1. P-B4? K-B7 2. K-Kt4 P,,-Kt3 3. K-R3 K--05 (the same position occurs after I. KB7 2. P84 K36 3. KR4 PRt3 4. KR3 KQ6) White cannot escape the 'closed circle'
PR~?
5 KING
1 1
If 2... PKt4 3. KRt3 follow& by PXW.
3 HL-F3K--KtZ Not 4 KKt31 KQ5
P-K t4
5 . KKt2 RBS 6. PB3, and the tempo-move with the
AND TWO PAWNS
v. KING AND PAWN
~p is prematurely spent. White first White may continue his outkanking wants to get his king into the o m . 3. Kf35 KQ4 4. P34 ch., or take the opposition after 3. KK4 KK3 4. P M , K,-K5 4 ..4u. lf 4.- KQ5 5, KKg3 KW Mx I Exampie T ~ E iS lmved 6.KB3 KKKS KQ2 KQS 8. c h L ~ backwards or forwards one rank gives Exampie 38. similar WU~CS.
.,.
i
S,.. KR6 is amweml by 6. PB4, when B1ackts king is outside the square of the ~ t p mik . wim b m he~p has an ontion of moving either o m or two Goves at its first Lap: and it would be m t to infer that this position one rank farthtr forward would be drawn in spite of the tempo-move. 6 K--Q2 K--057 P-33 &. Winning as Example 38.
Example dkrraml--the position of no-45 moved UP two mFtk$. This is always won because 1. P-36 transto Exarn~fe37,
45 Whik's king i s in front of his pams (when a win is fairly straightforward) ha will in genemi need to manwvre with SOEM a r e to win this ending. We first show tfiat with the move Black cannot save himself: IT,K-35 45 Ofthethreebasicpawnconfigurations related to Exampla 33 and If 1. .. K-B4 (I ... KK4 2. KQ.7 KQ4 40,#tP+BP v. BP is the last unfavwur- transpose$ 2. K-Q3 K--Q11(2.. . PB3 abk for White, who usually wins. 3. KK4 KBS 4. KK5) 3. P-l34 ch. f h e critical position occurs when thc K-BQ 4. K-B3 P-B3 5. P-Kt3 pawns arc about to make contact, lhc (5. PKt4 ch.? RQ3 draws) S... K-Kt3 result depending on the opposition. ( 5 . .. KQ3 6.RM4) 6. K-Q4 K,-KtZ This position moved one file to the 7. K-IBS K-,-I52 8. K-Kt2 right would bc won, Whi& btocking: the 9. K--Q6 K-Kt3 10. P,,-B5 ch. pawns to get Example 38; but here If I... P-B4 (I ... PRJ 2. KQ3 P34 1. P-34 draws, Example 40; and 1. 3. PB4 ch. tmnsposrs) 2. K,,,,,,,.K3 K-K4 K-33 K g B 4 2. K-Kt3 1 ~ 1 8~sO W ~ C R 3. K - 4 3 K--Q4 4. P-,--B4ch. K-K4 after Z... K-K5 Q...PBS? 3. f xP). (now White wants this position with Black to play: after I... K-Q4 Black to play, and triangulata to this f l + +KB4 * 2. XQ3) 2 K-BQ R - 4 3 end) 5. K-B3 K - 4 3 {CIS PKt4) 6. K-B2 K-K4 (6...KB3 7. KQ3 #' KQ3 8. KK4 RK3 9. PKI3--tb decisive tempo; or 6...KK3 7. KKi3 outfanking) 7. K--43 K-Q3 (7. .. KB4 8. K83 KK4 9. PKt4) 8.K-'K4 K-K3 9. P-Kt3, Example 40. In this fast variation, h e option of moving the cartdidate (KtP) one or two squares at its first mow is decisive. It is good policy to hold back the candidatep a w , kausepawnexchanges am thus avoidcd, and because it may provide u x f d tempomoves affm the other pawns are blocked. I n this parWhite plays and draws ticuIar ending White wins aniy because Black plays aod -1 his king threatens to o~mateon both 25
5 KXNG AND TWO PAWNS v. KING AND PAWN
X PAWN ENDINGS
IPlO.,.KR3 i l RB3KR4 112PKtkh 1 1 K-Q4 K Q2 12 K-K5 K-K2 f 3 P-KL4. The tempo-move gives White the winning oppo$ition, Example 40. White to play triangulates, getling the diagram posirion with Black to move. 1 K-Q1 If I . K . 4 3( I . KK3 KH5 2. KQZ RQ4) K-B4 2. K-,,f32 (2. KK4? KBS) K-,4353. K-QL K-Q4 White travels in circles-or more pxocisely in triangles. After I . K - 4 3 K-,,,,B4 2. F'-Kt31 White's access to the queen's side is barred and he draws, 2... K-Q4 3. K,--K3 K-K4 4.5'-Kt4 (4. P34 PB4) 4... 5. X-03 P-B3 6.P-B4 ch. K,-Q3 7 . K-K4 (7. KQ4 PB4 ch.) 7... K-K3, Example 45. 1. afsoImds to ExarnpIc 45 after: I . . .P-B4 2. K--K3 K-K4 (or 2.. . PB5 3. PKt4, ExampIe 28). 1. KBl? is the w r o ~ gway to triangulate, I ... PB4 2. KQ2 PB5 3. KK3 KK4, Example 40. I ... K--B4 A withdrawal, d... KQ3(I33), is answered by 2. KB2 to which Black cannot answer 2,.. RBS. If f . F-Rcb 2. K-K2 K,,&ICS( 2 , . KB5 3. KQ2 KQ4 4. RKJ or 2. PB5 I 3. KB3) 3. f-Kt3, White has the opposition, 3. K-Q4 ( 3 ... PBS 4. P X P ) 4. K--B3 K-K4 5. K-K3, Erample 45. 2 K..,,--B~ K-* 3 K--Q2.
sides of the pawns; and he travcls to the queen's side vb QB2-QKt3. If fhe cat~dilfrtte pawn moves to QKt3, this route is biocked. 2 K-42 K-Kt4 If 2...PB3 a series of triangulations follows, 3. KQ2 KKtG 4. KRI KBS 5. KR2 P M 6.KQ2 KKt6 7. KBI KR5 8. KB2 PX35 9. KQ2 KKt6 10. K B l KR5 I I . KR2 KKt4 12. KQ2 RB4 13. KK3 KQ4 14. K%. 3 K,,,--Kt3 3, KQ3 KB4 leads nowhere, for if 4. KK4? KB5, and Black's counterattack is successful when his pawn i s unmoved, because it takes White so long to get at it.
White wins
...
3 K,,,,-B4 I f 3... PI34 4 P H c h . as hefore. 4 P,--B4 K-,KO If 4... KQ5 5 . RKt4 PB3 6. PKt3. 5 K-Kt4 P-33 6 P--135 ~ h . 6. KB3 also wins; but not 6. pKt3? PM cch., Example 40.
..
..
.
..
47 The ending RP+KtP v. KtPdso corresponds to the comparatively ur,favourable Extlmpfc 40, but is less favourable for White than the p m d i n g exampIe bemuse his king cannot $0 tflcctively threaten to operate on both sides board, T h i s position is analagous to Example 45. White draws aRm 1. P-Kt4, Emmpfe 40;or after 1. K--K3 K---K4 2. K-333 K-.,-QS. Black to play loses
6 ... K-R2 7 R-RS K-Kt2 8 F-Kt3 Forcing Black to the QFZ file, for if now 8. .. KB2 9. KRS. 8 ... K-R2 9 K-Kt4 K-Kt2 10 K-M K-B2
26
White plays and dmws
Black phys and loses
after I... kC---B4 (if I . . . RK4 2. KB3 KQ4 3. RKt4 KB3 4. KRS-a turning movemsa around the pawn) 2, K-R4,
i
I K--Q5 K-Q2 Eithcr I . . . KBI or j . . . KQ1 also draws. 2 K-KS K-I32 Apin he may play either t ... KBI or I , . . KQI, but not I . . , KKZ? 2. PR6. 3 K-,,,,K6 K--41 Aftcr 3.. . KR1 4. RQ6 KQI 5. PKt6 Whitc pins the opposition, but nothing a h , Example 36. 4 K--Q6 K-331 5 K,-K7 K-,,,-B~ K-B 1 6 K--K8
etc., outflanking. The diagram pasition
rnovcd one rarik forwards or backwards gives rhe same results.
48 In contrast to Example 45A w h m the pawns on the fifth always win, here they only draw because 1. P-Kt6 ch. leads to Example 36. Naverthless White wins if his king can make a turning movement round Biack's pawn, which mmns getting it to QB7 or QB8 before advancing the U P , or to QKt6. Black to play prevents this 0n3y by I... P--Kt3 ~ h .2. P x P ch. K-Kt2, ExampIe IS. The following attmatives iose:
I...K-Ktf? 2. K-Kt6 K-Kt 3. K-B7 K-K2 4. P-,,,,.KtSch. for 4. PR6) 4.. K.,--RI, and White mates in h. i...K-Bl? 2. K,--Kt6 K-Kt1 3. P-R6 R-Rl, ( 3... P x P 4. K x P , Example 12) 4, P x P ch. (4. K137 ? KR2 5 , P x P stalemate) 4... K--....KII 5. g-R6 K..-BZ 6. K-,-R7.
Drawn Black must not be tempted by 6... KQ3? 7. KQ8, nor must he play 6... K--Kilo! 7. K - - 4 7 R-R2 8. K-137 (or 8 . K88 KRI 9. Pa6 PKt3 10. PR77) 8... K-RI 9. K-I38 (9. PKt6? or 9. PR6? KR2 10. P X P statemates) U... K-K2 9. &-Kt6 ch. K-R1 30. P-R6, and White mates in two.
7 P-,-Kt6. Drawing a$ Example 36.
5 KING AND TWO PAWNS v. MNG AND PAWN
... K 4 4
IF3. PR3 KB5 4. KB2 PKt4 5. PKt3 ch. Ksri 6.KQ3 RQ4, Exampie 47.
10. K-B3 (out&anlring) 10 11. R - 4 3 X-R3 32. K-K4 13. K+, Example 47.
3 ... K-W First given by Sa.ccani, 1924. Aftcr 3.. . PKt4'! 4. PR3 KB4 5. RKJ KQ4 6. KQ3 White hrts the winning oplposition, Example 47. 4 'K--B3 If 4. P-RJ K,-Q4 S. K-K3 (5. PR4 KB4 6. KB3 PKt3) 5... P-Kt3 6.K--Q3 F...--Kt4,Example 47. 4 ... K-Kt4 5 P-R3
4-43
9K-43 White can hold the opposition on thc bishop's e e but cannot exploit it h a u s of the w m o n trap, 9. KB3 KB3 10. -4 PRt4 ch. 9 ... R-42 The only move, taking the distant opposition. 10 K-K3 K--,K2 f l K-B4 K - - 43 Not 11 KB3? 12.PR5. 12 K--K3. As Example 47. With the move White gets his king in f~ontof his pawns, and wins by a ddiW attack upon, and turning-movement around, Black's pawn. 1 K-Kt3 Also 1. KQ3 wins; or 1. KE3 KKt4 2. KQ4 KKtS 3. KQS RKI4 4. KQ6 KKt3 5. KQ7, snon attacking Black's pawn--compare Example 4%.
...
I
Whitc plays and wins
Black plays and draws
...
g x P, when Black bas the opposition) I.PKt* ch.1 . @. .. PK* 3. K-Kt4.
4.. K-R3
1
51 Unlike the preceding M, howcver, l a c k draw if bh pawn k on thc fifth rank, for after I... K-B5
5, P-Kt3? seems no less eflectivc but
ody draws!
5... K-R3 6. K-B4 (6,KB5 KR4 7. KB4 PKt3 8. KB3 pKt4) 6... K-,,,,R4 7. K-,,-.B5 P-Kt4 p. P x mmarkabie stalemate, 5 ... K-R 3 6 K-R4 K-RZ 7 K--Kt5 K,-,-KI K-Ktt 8 K-Kt6
9 P-Kt4. Winning as shown in Example 43.
Drawn
50 KtP+RP v. RP is without
(2. KBZ KQ5 3. PKt4 B X P e.p.Icomes2... P,,,,,,,,R6 3.P-Kt 3 e,p. ch. K-B6, Example .M. 2. K-K3
question the least favourable pawn formation from White's point of view. When Black's pawn i s on the third or fourth rank the critical positions corr'espond to Examptea 45 and 47. H a 1. K-K3 KKK4 2. K-33
52 A similar position with Black's RP unmoved is &ways drawn Wess White's king can get to R6. After
K-Kt4
Not 2. PR3? KR4 3. KB4 KEiS pxt4 10. ~ ~ pKtS. 1 2
An ingenious draw fo1lows 5. PR4 ch. KR4 6.Kn4 PKt3 7. -3 PKt4.
--
,.. ti - P-RI - --.
-
.
5
tf 6. PKt4 ch. KKt4 7 . KKt3 KB3 8. Kl34 PKt4 ch. 6 ... P-Kt3 7 P-Kt4 ch. K-Bf 8
K 32 ,,,,,,,.
White takes the distant oppwition. K--B2 IS ... The only move, kmping on the same file. White wins if he gets the distant oppcsition on the qutcn'~file or farther east, e,g. #... K,,-,Q3? f8.., KQ4? 9. KQ3 KB3 10. KK4 or 8... KQ27 9. KQ3) 9. K-Q2 K-K3 (9... KR3 10. KK3 wmes to the sama thing)
1
K x P 5 KKU, Example 2 With his king in of his pawrms has reason to fear a r a m exchanae. because he may subsey;ently take &e. opposi-
fr;mt
White
tion.
If 2... K-I34
3. K-B3
P--Kt3
4, %-Kt3 K--Q4 t4... PKt4 5. PKt4 ch.j 5. K-K t4 K-R3 6.K-B4 K-B2 (6.. PRt4 ch. 7 . P x P ch.. Examole 16)
.
7. K-Kt5 (the frontal 8ttacirj 7.,; K-Kt2 8. P-Kt4 K-B2 9. K-R6 -the turning-movement.
/ 28
3' K-R3
IC--.-R3
Tf 3. .. &,-Kt3 4. P-Kt3 (not 3 PKU ch.? nor 3. KKt)? PK14 4. P x.
Drawn X--QS is pointless; if, instead, White 2. F x P, Example 13; but be may piay plays 1. KB2, Black answers I ... KR3, now or later 1 PR3, Example 25) hiding the (distant) opposition. Black 2. K-,,,,B6K-Kt1 3. P-Kt7 (3. KKtS to phy loses, not having the opposition: P x PI 3 . . P,--R3 4. K-Kt6, stale! K-34 2. K-,K4 K-B3 3. K-+4 mate. K + w (3 ... KQ3 4. PR4) 4. K-M 1 K--B3 5. P-M. Examole 39. The 53 I f White's king is on Rd he djagr;im position moved ipone rank. cannot make a turning-movement (as against a KIP, rtc.),hut he may win if hs similar results.
...
.
1
29
X PAWN ENDINGS
5 KING AND TWO PAWNS v. KING AND PAWN
can c~chmgepawns so as to leave him" 2. PARS K--,-Kt2 3. K-Kt5 K-E11 (3 ... PK3 ch. 4. KU85 KB2 5. PKt4, self the opposition as Exantpic 13. white here wins with or wirhout the Example 39) 4. K--R6, Example 53. t ...PR4 cb. 2. KIM KB3 3. PKt3, move kecausc he has the option of playing the KtP one or two squaxm at Example 39. I ... P-R3 2. K-B.1 K-R4 ( 2... its h t leap. T h i s prrnirs him to lose a KB3 3. PKt4, Examplc 50, or 2. ..PR4 move if nmsary: I. P-Kt4 K-Ktl 3. KQ5) 3. P-Kt3, Whitc m y move his pawns from the secand rank now that Black has done SO, 3.. . K.--,Kr3 4. K,--,Q5 K-R4 5. K-B6 (5. KB51 stalemate) S... K-Kt5 6. K-Kt6 P-R4 7 . K-RC.
White wins
2, P-Kt5 K-RI 3. P-Kt6 P x P 4. P x P K-,,,-Ktl 5. P-Kt7 (the pawn on thc seventh m a r not give check]; or Black to piay, I... K-Kt1 2 !?--Kt3 wirh play as before. White could win just as easily if, instead of rhe KtP, his RP were kinmoved; but ifneither pawn has this first move option, then tRe: win depends upon whose move it is, White no longer cunuolling eventu,
White wins
2 K--R5 K-K t2 If 2... K-B4 3. P--Kt3 (now playabfs bemuse Black's king cannot p t back to the corner. 3. KR6? KKtS 4. PRS KR5 5. PKt3 ch. KKtS draws) 3 . . . K,,--Q5 4. K-R6 K-B6 5. KXP. 3 K.,-KtS. Either 3... K-R 1 (B2, B1) 4. R-86 K-Kt1 5. P-R5, or 3 , . . K,-,-Kt1 4. K-R5 K-,RI 5. P-RS. I d s to
54 Tn general, against a Black pawn at R2, Witc cannot win unlas he at Imst has his king on the fourth rank, and one pawn (preferably a e KtPf unmovd. .
-
%is tmpo-move gains the opposition, p ~ t 3mite lost.s first3... PR3 ~ h .4. KB5 XI32 move o~tion.Black simdv ~ctmtinn I.. .K K 2.~ K K ~ SKR1 5. K R KILL< ~ when thc cventual exchange of pawns leaves White without tht: opposition. Black's retreat must be calculated =refuliy, for if 2... KKil? 3. KR6 While wins. If 1. KB3, Black draws as shown by 1 ... K-33 4 Rcichhelm, 1873, by 1... P-R4 2. The alternatives are: I . . . K-,423 K.-Kt3 (2. PR3 PR5, Example 39, or 30
1
2. PKt3 KKf4 3. PR3 KB4, &le 50) 2... K-Kt4 3. P-,-R4 ch. K-R4 4. K-.R3 K ~ ~ ~ ~Example ~ ~ ~ . Q 439. , White's tempo-move with the backward pawn is
of no significance. If 1. KQ3 KQ4.
1 ... R ,,,,,,,.Kt4 2 P.--R3 If 2. PR4 ch. KIM 3. K33 PR4. 2 ... P-R 3 As shown by vcln der Lass and Bilguer, 1843, this draws. Othcr moves lm: 2... KB4? 3. KR4 KB5 4. PKt4 KB6 5 . KKt5 KRt6 6. PR4 KRS 7. PKS KKt6 8. PR6. 2 . . .P-,R4? 3. K-82(only chis wins, if 3. KB3? KRS, then 4. KB4 stalemtc, or 4. KQ4 RK16, or 4. KI32 KKt4 5, KQJ KB4 7. KB3 PRS, Example 39) 3... K-B3 (3 ... KR5 4. K33 KKt4 5. KQ4 KRS 6. KB5; or 3 . . . KKt3 4, KB3 KB4 5. PKt3, Example 50; or 3 . .. KBS 4. PKt3 ch. KQ5 5. KQ2 KB4 6.RS3, Example 50) 4. P-Kt3 K-Q3 5 , K-Q2. This is Example 50, in which White wins with, or dram without, the distant opposition, S... K ;83 6. K-K3 K.-T34 7. K-K4, etc. 2... K-R4? 3. K-B3 (thconly way) 3... K--.Kt4 (3 ... KRS 4. K34) 4. K-Q4 K-R5 5. K-34 (5. KBS? KKt6, or 5. KB3'? PR4) S... K-R4 (5.. . PRJ 6. KB5) 6. K --B5K-RS 7. K-86. To Z... K-R4? White must not answer 3. K-B4? when Black stages an instructive counter-attack: 3... K-R5 4. K--B5 (4. KR3 PK4 as Wore) 4... K--Kt6 5. K-B6 K x P 6. P-R4 K-a6 7. P--R5 K-05 S. K-KO K-B4 9. K X P K-H3 10. K-Kt8 (10. PR6 K32) I0 ... K-Kt4.
K 4. KQ3 PM 5. Kl33 PRS,Example 39, or here S. PKr3 KQ4, Example SO. 4 ... K,,-..Kt4 After 4... KKt3(Q3)'! 5 . ECB4 -3
6. PR4, or 4... KQ4? 5, PR4 RQ3 6. KQ4, White has the opposition, Examnb 50: bur Black mav nlav 4... KB3 '5. ~ ~ KKt4 t 63.P R ch. ~ k~t3. 5 K-Kt3 K-133 Not S... KKt3? 6 . KR4 KB3 7. PR4; nw 5... PR4? 6. PR4ch. and 7. PKr5, Example 27. 6 p,,,,-~4 K-Kt2 Black may here play 6... KQ3 (Kt3, 4 2 ) 7. KBJ RB2, or 7. KB4 KB3; but loss after 6..K B Z ? 7. KB3, or 6...
KW?
7. KB3.
Drawn The only move. Black must hold the (direct or distant) opposition when the
k i n e are on the open files, Exampk 50. If now 8. KQ3 KQ2 9. KK3 KK2 lo. KB3 KQ3 (10,.. Kf12? 1 I. PKt5). Black also draws with t h move: ~ I ... K-I35 t . . . K K t S 2 . K Q 3 W 3.KK4KBS draws; but not I . . . K 4 5 ? 2, K-Kt3 K-34 (2... KQ6 3. KKt4 KB7 4. PKD) 3. K-R4.
4. KB3 PR49 mmple If 2. P-Kt3 ch. K-Kt5 3. K-Kt2 F,,,-R4 4, P-R4 (4. FR3 ch. S X t 4 5 . KR3 KB4. Exam~feMI 4... K--&$
( 5. k-~3K*,
&ie 39.
X PAWN ENDINGS 2
...
f-R4
horizontal opposition, $0 KECt7 KQZ 11. KR7 KK2 (distant opposition) I 2. KR8 KK1, etc. 7 K-B5 K-42 8 x-Kt6 K-43
the
2 . . KQ5 also draws. 3 K,-32 Advancing the candidate 3. PKt3 ch. KKtS leads to an tnxchaage after 4. KB2 PR5. If 3. PR3 KRt6 4. KDI PRS. 3 ... P-RS. As Example 5 1.
K-W Having the opposition on the queen's file does not save Mack: I . . . K--Q4 2. F-Kt4 (2. KB3? KGki d r ~ s )2... P-R3 3. K-B3 K-K4 (3 ... PB4
P-Gs' P x P 8. K x P ~ 4 3 9:' K-B4 K-33 10. P-Q3, mitt has the opposition. I... W3 2. KW PB4 3. PKt3 TCB3 4. PQ3 brings about a standard type of position in which White wins with, but draws without, the opposition. If now 4... RQ3 5. PQ4, or if 4... KKx3 5. PKt4; but with the move White wuld not force a f;t~,ourabfeexchaage. 2 K-B3 Hcre, too, While wins with, but draws without, thc opposition. 2 P-B3 Black m a y leave thjs pawn unmoved, 2... K - w 3. B-Kt4 R - 4 3 4. K-B4 K*K---B3 5. P-Kt5 ch. K,-Kt3 6. KKt4 R---,R2 7. K-BS K-Kt2; w h White wins either by a pawn-exchngu 8. PQ3 RBI 4. PKt6, or by a pawn sacrifie 8. PQ4 KKtf 9. K M KBI lO.PQ5 KQl 11. KKt7KQ2 12.KKt8 KQI 13. PQ6 P x P 14. KR7. 3 P-Kt4 ~ h . K-Kt4 4 #-Kt3 K-R3 5 K-I34 K-Kt3 6 P-43 A tempc-move; 6. PQ4? KKtZ 7. KB5 KB2 draws, Btack having the opposition. 6 ... K-B2 White wins after 6 . . . K-Kt2 7. K-B5 (7. PKt5? KKt3) 7... K-BZ 8, P-Q4 K - 4 2 (8 ... %Kt2 9. PMS) 9. P--05 exchantxinu - - -oawns: but )re must not attempt a turning-moment, 9. KKt6? KQ3, for Black can maintain 7.
56 With unpasscd disconnected pawns White's chances are lrrs promising. He cannot in general win unless his king is in front of his pawns, and he must also haw somespare tempo-moves. White may win by a pawnexchange leaving him the opposition, or by a tuming movement of his king around Black's 1 s t pawn, in which thc wgpositian is also important. A third winning idea, which s u m d s only against an unrnovcd BP or Centre P, is the sacriPxce of one TAWn su as to yumn the other. i K--423 A h 1. K-,,-,B3? R-434 Black having the opposition draws. 2. &-Kt4 ch. (2, KQ3 KKt5 or 2. KKt3 KQS) 2... 3. K-Kt3 B-I33 4. K-R3 (PQ3) P-M, and White has nut the opposition. If1. KKt3? KQ4 2. Kg14 KQ5 3. KKt5 KQ6 4. H(B6 K x P 5 . K x P KQ6, and thc Past pawn faus.
White plays and wins l3Jack plays and draws
5 KING AND TWO PAWNS v. KING AND PAWN
, a .
I
9
P-44
This tempo-move gains the (horimtal)opposition, so tkat the turningmovement may be completed. 9 ... K-42 10 K-Kt? R-43 11 K-38 K--K3 12 K-B7 K--44 13 K-47. With the move Black draws by (and only by) taking the distlini opposition, I... ES-BJ (1 KQ4? 2. KQ3 or I . . .
...
-2 2. KB3) 2. K-I33 (2, KQJ KKt4 or Z KKtJ KQ4) 2... K-34 (Blstck talc= the direct apposiiion on the bkhop1a file) 3. P--Kt4 ch. (3. PKt3 KKM, or 3. PQ3 KQ4) 3.,. K-Kt4 5. &-I33 (5. PQ3 4. K-Kt3 P-B3 PB4) S... P--34 6. PxP K x P , Bkack h a the opposition.
57 Black dots httcr with a knight's pawn. He induces White to advailce his BP, so that ir will most iikeIy be cxchanged, a males RP mmailring. I K--B3 K--Kt4 I... K-B4? permits White to exchange his RP after 2. P-R4 PKt3 3. KKt3 KQ4 4. KKta KB3 5. KB4 KKt2 6. WCtS KB2 7. PR5, or 2... U t 3 3. KK14 K33 4. PR5 KQ3 5. KKtS KB2 5. KBS KQ2 7. KKt6 K B I 8. PR6. 2 K-Kt3 The opposition is here of nu account: to have winning chanm White- must fiave hip, king m fhe fourth rank. 2 K-R4 Alsohereif2... K M ? 3.PR4. 3 P-EM Aher either 3. PR3 KKt4 4. PR4 ch. m4 5. KR3 PKtJ 6. KKt3 PKt4, or + a .
Drawn 3. PR3 PKt4 4. PR3 KR3 5. KKt4 KKt3, Black takes the opposition. 3 ... K-Kt3 J... P-Kt3 also draws, 4. P-R3 <4.KR3 PKt4 5. P85 PKtS ch. 6. KKt3 KKt4) 4.. . K-R3 5 . K-Kt4 R-R2 (not S... KKtZ? 6. KKtS KB2 7. KR6 KB3 8. PR4 Kg2 9. KR7 KB3 10. KKtg) 6. K-Kt5 K-Kt2 7. P-84 K.-B2 (not ?... RRZ? losing the opposition after 8. RB6 KR3 9. KQ6, or 8. I'R5) 8. K--R6 (8. PB5 P x P) 8 . . . K....-.B3,Black has: the opposition. 4 K-Kt4 K-B3 5 p-It3 K ....,,,,Kt3 5 . . P-Kt3 6. P-R4 K-U2 also draws. 6 P-R4 K,--R3 7 $'---I35 K-RZ 8 K-Kt5 K-R I Bfack may also safely play S... K-,-Kt1 9. R-Kt6 K,--BI (not 9... KRI ? 10. KB7 KR2 11. PRS KRI 12. PR6) 10. K-R7 K-B2, and White has no winning plan. 9 K-,,,,,KtC K-Kt 1 JO P--RS K-,,B 1 10... KR I ? loses as in the above notc. K-B2 I I R-R7 12 K--R8 K-B1. While cannot exclvange his RP and win; hc cartnot outfiank; and here the pawn sacrifice 13. PB6 only draws,
5 KXNG AND TWO PAWNS v. KING AND PAWN
I PAWN ENDINGS
58 When White has doubled pawns on the same fife as Black's pawn, he usually wim if they arc cent= pawns, for he may nutflank on either side. If2. .. P.,-Q3 (2... KB5 3. KK4 P Q 3 5. PQ5) 3. R - 4 3 K-R3 4. K B4 K ,,,,,,,.K2 5. K ,,,,,,,.Q5 K-Q2 6. I'-,43 K.---K2 7. K-B6 K,,,,,,,,K3 8 . P-5 ch, K-K4 9.P-Q4 ch. 3 K-K4 p.,,,,Q3 4. PQ3 ~ h KHh .
--m---apa'8
a El I I mwa M m i Iam2 m mmm I m a B I
a
,
'i
White wjns
l'hc tempo-moves of the rear pawn must not be wasted, and here the complete block after 4. M)3? PQ4 ch. draws. 4 ... K-I33 Whire gets through o n the king's side after 4... KK2 5. KB5 KB2 6. PQ3 (04); but after the text move he g m to the qumn's sidc. K--Q.a K ,,,,,,,.Bt$ 6 P,,,,,,,.Q3 K-3 3 7 K-R3 So as to answer V... KK4 by 8. KB4 7 KIM?KK4 (8.PC$ cb. KKS) draws at one, and is the standard form of counter-attack,
59 11. is less easy to outflank oil thc shorl sidc of bishops' pawns which are therefore less favourable to White. In this position dtcr Grigoriev, 1436, White wins onfy if he gets his king in front of his pawns-which the rnove prevents:
BIack with
Instcad White may try 4. K-K4 K--.K3 (no1 4... KD4? 5 . KQ3 KQ3 6. KQ4, when White has the opposition) 5. K-03 K,,,-K4 6. XC,.,-U.! for 6. KKJ PIM 7, PB3 K W 8. RB3 KK4) 6 . . . P,.,,-,,M 7. K-Kt2 (7. KQ3 KB5, or 7. KKt3 KQS-the standard draw) 7.., K ,,,,,,,.Q3 8, K-K3 1(,,,,,,,.8 3 9. K Kt3 K--182 (Black must stay on the bishop's file for if 9...KQ3'! 10. KR4, or if 9 . . .KKt3? 10.KI33KB3 JI.KQ3 KQ3 12. KK4 KK3 13. PB3) 10. K-,,,,,,R4 K---Kt3. 4 ... K-K3
5 K-K4 6 K--QJ
K-B3 K-KJ 6.. . Kt34 7. KQ4 KK3 also draws. 7 K--Q4 Black's counter-attack depends on answering White's K,---QRt4 by ... K-Q5; and to ensure this be must also be able to answer White's K-QB4 by K-K4, e-g. 7.KB3 KQ4 8. KKt4 KQ5 9. PB3 ch. KQ4, or 7 . KW KK4 8. KKt3 KQ4 9. KKt4, etc., the standard draw. By meails of the text-move White tries to outrnanauvre Black. 7 ... K-B4 Not 7...K-B3? 8. K-B3 K-K4 (S.j.KK3 9. KRt4 KQ4 10. P33)
9. K-334 R-K5 (now Black cannot get therc is insufficient space for Black's back, in rime to prevent a qumn's side wide-swept counter manmuvres. ou@anking, brit if 9.. . KK3 10. KKt4 1 K-R4 K-,-B3 KQ4 1 I. PB3) 10. P-B3 K ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 2~K-,,,Kt4 ~ ~ ~ K 4 K-Kt3 11. K--Kt3 K--K3 ( I I ... KQ4 12. 3 P-B4 p,,,,,,,,,~3 gKt4) 12. K-K4 K-Q2 13. K,,,,,,,,R5 Xf 3... P-B4 ch, 4. KWH3 K-R4 KKB2 14. K-R6, a variation which (4. KR3 5. KQ3 KQ3 6. KK4 KK3 W l d be compared to the text play. 7. PI33 KQ3 8. KBS) 5. K . 4 2 (5. K-K5 8 K-83 KQ3? KKt5) 5 . . . K-RS 6. K-R3 9 K-,,,-M K-K4 K-Kt5 7. K.--03 K-RS 8. K-R4. 10 P,,,,-BJ 4. 5-B5 ch. K-62 TRc best chance, for either 10. K-Kt4 I f J... KR3 4. PR3 KKt2 5. KB4 as K . - 4 5 (I0 ... KQ4? X I . PB3), or in the text play. 10. K--Kt3 K--Q4 (10... RQS? I I . 5 K-RS K ,,,,,,,. $ 3 3 4 KQ4 12. P133)draws at once. 6 P-BJ K-R2 10 ... K-K3 7 K--Kt4 &-Kt2
If 7... KR3 8. KR4 KR4 9. KQ3 but not 9. KQ4? KKt4. 8 K--B4 K ,,,,,,,.B2 9 K-44 K-42 10 K-KS K-KZ 11 P-34 K-42 12 K-36. l'he tempo-moves are prettily us&.
Whire plays and wins Black plays and dram
I
forced expend a ~ I u n b f etmw (10. PB3) B k k hastens to prevent Whitds cnfry on Ihc queen's 11 K-Kt3 If 11. KKt4 KQ4. 11 ... K 4 2 12 K-R4 K-B2 13 K-Kt4 K-,,Hl The only move, wakhing both flanks. 14 K-,,,,R5 R,--Kt2 I5 P--B4 K-R2. A dificult draw, Black's counterart-, which reached orit to the KB file, deprived White of his tempo-rnovcs. With the move White at first operates on the short side of the pawns, where
I
60 Efforts to outRank are uxless against an unmovcd KP,arid Black may simply stay in the comer (QRI,QRZ, QKtl) until White staiemates him fPKt6, KB7). Even so, there are many drawing positions with the KtP on other ranks, beciause White's attempts to outflank are one side of the pawns, e+g, limited
Drawn
5 WNG AND TWO PAWNS v. KING AND P A W
X PAWN ENDMGS f . K,,,-Kt4 K-Kt3 2 K-W K-B3 3. P-Kt4 P-Kt3 4. K--Q4 K--33 (not 4... KKt4? 5. KR3 KB3 6. K84 PKt4 ch. 7. K W KQ3 8. PKt3) 5.
K - 4 3 K--Q4 6. K-B3 P-Kt4, drawn. Doubled R R arc not usually more significant than single ones.
61 When the doubld pawns are on an adjoining SIC,the essence of Black's play is counter-atlack (except against doubled RPs). White to play pins Black to the defence, and soon forces a favourable pawn cxcxchange: I . KQ6 KBI 2. PI34 KQ1 3. PB5 KB1 4. PB6. Against doubted BP5 or Centre Ps, Black usually has enough space for counter-attack, as here with thc move:
I ... 2 K-RS
K-HZ
KR2? 4. PB4 KKt2 5. PBS) 4. P-34 transposes to the text play. 3 K-B2 Not 3... R-R3? 4. K--Kt4 K-Kt3 5. P-I35 ch. K--R3 (5. .. KB3 6. KB4) 6. G - M K-R2 7. K-I35 K,-,,,Kt2 8. K-Kt5 K-R2 (8 KR2 9. PE6) 9. K-B4 K-I33 10. P-B3 K-Kt2 I I. K-c;---Q~ IS-I32 12. P-I34 K--Kt2 f 3. K--Q5 K-BI 14. P-.M 36-QI 15. P-BS. 4 K-Kt5 If 4. RQS KKt3, or if 4. PB3 KKtk
...
...
w i l y enough, krt as things are he hasn't a chance: I... K-Kt2 ( I . , . KQZ 2. pKt4 and 3. KB6) 2. P,-,-Kt4K-Kt1 (2..* KR2 3. K136 KR3 4. PKtJ) 3. K-B6 K-BI 4. P-Kt5 K-Kt1 5. P-Kt6 8-RI 6.P-.Kt4. This position moved five files to the a t (KKtPs v. KRP) is atso won for
White,
53 Black simply stays in thc corner. this c & , only he plays defensively, fo*
5. KQ6 KKtL
...
4 r;c-c)n 5 K-Kt6 If 5 . PI35 ch. RQ4 6. PB3 RK5 7. KB4 KK6 8. KQS KQ6 9. PB4 KB6. 5 K-K4 6 K-135 IS-K5
...
7 K-Q6 8 P-B5 9 P-33
K-45
K-BS L-Kt4. The play is not subtle. Hack strives at aii times to counter-attack White's pawns.
Drawn an cxchanp of pawns cannot help
PQ4, for if 2. KKt2 PQS 3. P x P x KtP, or if 2. KQ2 PQ5 3. P x P K x QP. White triangubtcs to lose a move: 1 K-41 Not I. KK2? PQ4 3. KK3 K x P 4. PKt5 PQ5 ch. I. K-,-Kt4 X(
+..
White answers I... PQ4 by 2. KB2 PQ5 3. PxP, so that if 3... KxQP 4. KKt3, or 3... K x K t P 4. KQ3, Example l 1. 2 K--312 K-R 5 3 K--42 p e 4 K-,-I32 K-Kt4 5 K-Q3 The blockade is retievtd, and a win soon Wlows 5... KB3 6. KQ4 KQ3 7. PKtS. White is fortunate in havine thc right kind of pawns. If this poszion were moved one fiIe to h e left or four files to the right the break-up would l a v e a RP; an the other hand if the position were nearer White's side of the board a triangulation is not feasible, the rauft then depending on the move.
White.
62 In the prweding cxample,
White piays and wins Black plays and draws
Xf 2. P-I34 K-...Kt3 (if 2... KK12? 3. KQ6 KKt3 4. PB3 BIack is in mgzwng) 3. K--Q6 (3. WS ch. KKt4) 3... K-R4 4. P-B3 (4. KB5 KRS) 4... K-Kt3 (4... KE5? 5 . KXP) 5. PUB5 ~ hK-Kt4 . 6. K-Q5 K-R5 {6... KR4? 7. PB6) 7. PR6 (7. KQ4 KKt6) 7...P x P ch. 8. K x P K-Kt6. 2 ... K-Kt2 3 P-B4 If 3. KQ6 KKt3 4. P W KR4 as before. 3. K,,-,,-Kt5K-82 ( ~ 3... t
the defending king ranged from the QR to the K files. With KtPs White's cc'nmnm arc somewhat betier bemuse Black m a y bc restricted on one side o f the pawns. If Black's king were a l w d y aggressively placd {say at Q6) he would draw
goad if he has a passed pawn-a standing threat which hinders the Black king's
White wins
White wim
64 White's chances are always wry movements. Here l a c k threalers to break up the pawns, and indmd draws after 1. KBZ?
65 A passed pdwn usually deflects or decoys the enemy king, and if it i s only one file away it is not very ~Rective for this purpose. When Black hiis a RBP or Centre P on its home square, staIemate threats will hamper White. Xn t h ~ sposition, and tho same moved one or two film to tke right, White wins only h a u s e his passed pawn i s uamoved. 1 K--45 White depends on the option of moving his KP one or two squams at its first Itap, and failing this he draws, 1. P-K3? K--B2 2. K-35 (2. KQS KB3 3. KB5 KK4 4. KKt4 RQJ 5. KKtS KQ4 6. PIC4 ch, K x P) I... K-K2 3. K Kt6 K - 4 3 (3. .. KK3? 4. PK4 KQ3 5 . RR7) 4. P K4 K-R3, Black takes the horizonla1 opposition, and 5. K-Kt7 K-82 6. P-KS K-KI
t PAWN ENDINGS
S KING
White wins
White wins
7. K-B6 K-BI 8. P-K6 K-KI 9. F-,-K7 is stalemate. I ... K-I33 2 K-,,,,,B~ K-K3(K4) 3 K-Kt5 K-0.4 If 3... KQ3 4. PK4, 4 P-K3 K-Q3 5 P-K4 K.,,-R4 6 K--R6. White could not outflank in this way if the positioa of this example were moved onc or two f i k s to the Icfi, when Black would have a blocked KtP kr RP. A draw would thcn be normal, although a win is sometimes possihlc, as in Example 69.
KKt3 by RRS-in fact 5. KKS? KKt3 draws. 5 ... K-R 3 6 K--Q5 #--Kt3 7 K-K5 K-R3
.
55 With blocked BFs and passed RP Black has less space for counterplay, and White wins nrovidina his RP is not keyond the fourih rank. " I K-R5
With ;BP,,f-RPv. RP Whitc can win only by outflanking, both here, and in the position of this example moved down thc board one or two ranks.
67 In other cases where Black's pawn i s on the third or fourti1 rarik White wins in a different way: the king and passed pawn advance torether, . White finishink as in Example 8. Therc is one exception, here shown. BIack may sometimes capture White's
The immediate outRankitlg fails, 1. K-BS? K--R3 2. K-K4 (2. KK5 RKt3f Z...K-R4, and Black has time to capture the RP.Therefore White first
triangulates, forcing Black to retreat.
gp, and draw by getting his own BP to t~ seventh rank : I R-43 K-B4 2. P--K3 ~ h (2, . PK4 j... K-I35 -4 3. KK3 KKt5) 2... K-B6 3. K--Q2 K-K5 transpow. 2 P-K3 ff 2. K-B3 K-,,KS 3. K-Kt2 (3. RKt3 KQS) 3... K-K6. 2 ... K-K4 3 K--Q2 K-K5 4 K--K2 K-R4 Not4 ... KK4? 5. KB3 KW 6. PK4 ch. KK4 7. KK3, and White wins. 5 K-I33 K-K4 6 P-K4 K--a 7 K-I34 KxP 8 P-KS K-Kt6 9 P-K6 P-35 10 P--K7 P-Rb 11 P,-KS:Q P,,,-B7. The queen cannot win. Exampk 304. Having the apposition White wins by 1 K M 2. KB3 KK4 3. PK3 KIM 4, PK4 ch. KK4 5 . KK3 KBJ 6.K34 KK3 6. PK5, ctc.-Black is given no chance to counter-attack.
...
68 When Black's pawn Is on thc fifth or sixth rank he will at least draw, and sometimes win, if he is prrnitted to capture White's blocked pawn, his o w pawn then bacoming dangerous. Having the opposition White wins as before, I... KQ4 2. KQ3 KB4 3. PB4 nmn picking up Black's RP. Without the opposition White must 10.~43 a pawn: 1 K-,Q2 K-Kt6 2K A 7 KxP 3 K-62 After 3. PB4 KKt6 4. fB5 Black Queens first. Aftcr the tat-move he hi a ~tFd~1~3ate &fence. 3 K-R7 4 P-I34 P-R6 5 P-45 K-R8 6 P-36 P-R7.
...
M i t e wants ro answer Black's
Wite pfays and draws Black plays and loses
... 38
A N D TWO PAWNS v. KING AND PAWN
White plays and draws Black plays and loss
The pusition of this example moved 1,2,J, or 4, files tto the right, andlor one rank ncarcr to White's side of the Ward gives the SRW results, although the play varies sIightly.
59 When the pawns are not yet btwked White wins unless his king is very backward, as happens hem with Black to play:
J ... K-B6 2 K--QI P-R3 Btack blocks the pawns, to suit himself. He may instead play 2... P-R4 3. K-B1. PARS 4. K-Ktf (4. PR3 RQS 5. KQ2 KBS) 4... K-Kt5 5. K-,Kt2 P,,-,,R6~ h 6. , K,--Ktl K-BS 7. K-Bl K-B6, Example 68. 3 K-31 P-R4 4 K--QI P-R5 S K-Bl If 5. P--R3 K-Kt7. 5 ... P--,R6 6 K-Kt1 K-B5 Not 6..,KQ7? 7.P34. 7 K-BI K-36. As Example 68, where. Raving the move, White draws. The win rcquir~care because i t is d i h l t for White to get at Black's rook's pawn if he leaves it where it is. n i s ending is not uncommon, SW. Examples 86 and 286.
I PAWN ENDINGS
6 MORE PAWNS: M A m A L ADVANTAGE
In this study of hasic pawn endings
action, and with the text-move (1. PB3) M i r e plans to get a pawxi pawn on the RKt or KK files, sacrificing to that end
we see that the most important principle is that of getting the king into play, as far forward as possible, and in fact this is n w t y always the first thing to be done.
... ..
6. MORE PAWNS: MATERIAL ADVANTAGE A pawn up nearly always wins unless onc has a serious positional weakness.
I
71 Najdod v. KO~OV. Saltsjobaden, 1948. As there arc RPs, White s11ould tab are to avoid the drawn endings of 2 pawns v. 1 pawn, which Grandmaster
i1
~ g j d o rfailed i to do! I P-Kt4 K-132 2 P-Kt5
I
Advancing tho candid2 te 2. PR4 KKZ 3, PBs isbeat, u m i n g a passed pllwn after 3... P x P 4. P x P, Exitn~pfe69, or 3... KB2 4. PB6. 2 ... K-K2 3 K-45 Ihis and the following few rnov~rare aimkss. 3. PX34 RB2 4. PDS?now draws after 4... P XP; hut White wins sirnply by 3. PI34 KBZ 4. HQB KBI 5. RK6 KKI 6 . K B 6 K 8 1 1 . P K 3 K K t l 8.
if neoewry. 1 K,- Q4 I f I . KQS 2. KR2 PR5 3. PK3 ch. P xP ch. 4. KR2 KB5 5 . K x P KKt6 6. PB4 P x P cfi. 7.KB3 K YP 8. PKt5
1
Ii (
1
White now wins only becaux he has the option of moving his RP one or two sqcarts at iis first Ieap, and if this is wasted a dead draw resirfts, 8. PR4? KB2 9. PTiS KKZ 10. P x P (10. PR6 KB2-Ktl-RI) 10... F x P,Example 38. K,--K2 8 .. 9 K-,K3 K-4.2 K-Q3 10 K,-K4 Tf instead 10... KK3 11. PR3 KQJ X2. PR4, as in thc ncxt note. 1 1 P--R3?
White wins
+
He should play I I . P - - R ~ K-K3 12. I\--RI P x P (12... KQ3 1 3 P X P P x P, Exam&' 38) 13- P--,.B5 ch. decisive gain of a tempo) 1 3 . .. K--03 14. P,,,,-R5(1 4.. . KQ4 1 5. PK tG P x P 36. P x P K K 3 17. KKXS PKS 18. KR6) 15. K...-Kt4 K-'ti4 16. P.--I36 K,,,-K 3 17. K 'x P 11'--It3 I 8. K-R5 J'x P 19. K- -Kt&
1
i
.
31 .. 12 p 8 4 I
J
K-K3
K--a3
~BJ.
K x QF 3. KB2 KKS 4, KT33 K x P 5. K34 KK4 ant1 Black's king returns in time. Also I. KBl(BZ)? fails after 1...PQ5 2. P x P KxBP. 1 ... P-QS After1 ...KB4 2. RQ2KK5 3 . K K 2 Biack. must relieve the blockade, or play P-45 as in the text. 2 PxP KxBP If instead 2. K x QP 3. Kfi2 RK5 4. KfCt3 KX14 5. KB3 KB3 6. KK4 KKJ 7. KQ$. 3 K--.Q2 K ,K5 4 K-B3 K- Q4. And White won after 5. KQJ KQ3 6. KIM KR1 7. PQ5 ch. KO3 8. KQ4 KQ2 9. KB5 KB2 10.KKi5. a.
73 Szaba v. Pirc, Nastings, 1938-9. White's king i s backward, his qumn's side prawns weak; but he wins, not least
II
...
PxPch. There followed 14. K n P KK2 IS. KKI K 8 2 1 6 PRS when Kotov settled 13
PR6 9. PxP. 2 K--B2 Bringing the king into the gam. 2 ... K--QS 3. K-KI K-B5 After 3.. . KKG Whitc gains the opposition with the tempomove 4. fKt3, and i f 4...KQ5 5. KQ2. 4 K--42 The gdme continued 4. P-K3? Px P 5. K-K2 K - - 4 5 6. P-Kt3 (although here nmsary, it Is gmmally inadvisable to move the pawns on h a t side of the h r d which ;s k i n g defended. Ideally White should fiere manauvre o d y with his king7$side pawns, and ~ i a ~ k hjs side pawns) 5... K , - B ~ 7. P,.,--I34P x P 8. P-Kt5 K-05 {White bad overlooked this) 9. P xP 6-h6 ch. 10. K X P K--Q6 11. P-R7 P-K7 12. I?--R8=Q P--K8=Q 13. -8 ~ h K-B6 . 14. QxP ch. K x P 15. P,-Kt6 Q-.,,,,Q8 ~ h .IS. K-Kt3. NOW Black carelessly played 16... Q x P'! (16. ..QK8 ch. is correct) resigning aftor 17. PIS17 QKt4 ch. 18. K33 Q&Qch.
h u s c Black's blocked king side pawns arc a silting iarget. I P-.B3 The rlsi~alwinning idea is to create a p t ~ c dpawn which dccoys the enemy forces. Having a wing majority (4 pawns v- 31 on the king's side, Whire will them
I K-K1 Nor 1. KQI(QZ)? F Q S
White wins
42
2. P x P
make his passed pawn; but if I . PK3? P x P 2.PxPPR5 3.RBBKQ4 4 . K K 2 fEB5 5 . RQ2 K x P , the RP i s not distant enough to be menacing. A passed pawn is eEcciivc in proportion to its distance from the scene of
White plays and wins
X PAWN ENDINGS
st back to stop the
19. KK3 QKt4 ch. 20. KQ4, because Whitc 's king finds a haven at QR7. 4 P-,,,R5 4.. K p 5 . p ~ trlfnsp-; 3 and if 4.. KQ5 5. PKt3 (again this tempomove is nmary) 5.,, KQ4 pK3. 5 P-K3 P X P ch.
newlymated passed pawn : K-,.T14 If1.-.K-BS 2- K-Kt2 canriot the bzo@kade*and the opposition, after 2 . . KKt4 3. KKt3 or Z...KQ6 3. KKtJ (3 ... KK6 4. KB2
...
fie
I f 6 ... KKt6 I.P'B4PxPch. 8.KB3, sami*im pawns to mvc time, 8.. . K x P 9. PKt5 Pi6 (now 9... P x P d m not give chwk) 10. P x P PR7 11. PR7 quwniog with check. 7 P--R$ PxPcfi. 8 KxP P-B4 9 P-Kt5 PxPch. 10. K--KJ Not 10. K x P ? P-RS 11. P-RB (11. KB4 PB6 12. P x P PR6) $1... P-,,R6 (I1 ...PBS? 12. P X P PR6 13. PR7 PR7 14. PB4 ch.) 12. P X P P-BB.
...
10 11 P-R6.
KR7 5. PM).
I
I '
xB3 4- KR6 KB2 5- KR7 KB3 6, RR'8 KRt4 7. Km K 3 5 8. RQ6, etch 2 F-134 PxP 3 P-QS PxP 4 P-...K6 Nirnzuwi&cfi wits that backward pawns have a natural lust to expand, and indeed break through sacrifices of this kind arc by no means uncommon.
6 MORE PAWNS: MATERIAL ADVANTAGE 9 K-47 K-83 &es no part in the proceedings, its mere It) K - 4 6 , Finally not 10. KKS? KK3. After the text-move WRik wins theKtP, 10...K82 I I . KKS KKt3 12. KK6 KKt2 13. ICE15KR3 14, hCB6KR2 IS. KxP,and the two pawm wia.
ultimately ensuring victory. K-42 There is l o be a struggle for the horizontal opposition, and the alterna2. K-Kt3 K-QZ tive is I... P-R4 (2.., PQS 3. I334 KK4 4. KKtS KQ4 5. PBB) 3. K-,-R4 K-B3 4. K X P (not 5 . PB3? RBS and g x P 5. Black wins) 5. .. 1'-,-Q5 (or 5 . .. RB3 6. PB3) 6. R,-Kt7 R-03 7. K-,,Kt6 (not 7. KB8? KR3, Black holding the opposition). G ( :
1
..+
76 G.A. Ilhomas commenting on rt game in the Boys' Championship at Hastinp, 1949, shows that Black wins in spite of having doubled pawns. I ... P-K5 ch. 2 PxPc~. K-B4 Not 2... KK4? 3. KK3, when White has the opposition. 3 K-BJ P,--K4
P-85
White, who after 91obtained ;a passed pawn on the KR file, g u m s first.
74 In king and pawn mdings a backward pawn is in pnerA less of a handicap than in other kinds of cnding. This is hcause ihe enemy king wmot usuaily ho!d a blockade indefinitely, and bsxusc of the. possibility of sacrif~ing the backward pawn. If White has the opposition he wins easily after 1 . .. K-Kt3 (I.., KR4 2. PI541 2. R-Kt4 K-I33 ( o h w i s e Whita outflanks, 2... KB2 3. RB5, or Z.,,KKt2 3. KRt5f 3. P-B4 (after 3. K --R5?K-R2 4. KfcKi4 K-Kt3 5. K-Kt3, BIZ& rakes the distant opposition and dmws, by S... K--Kt2, andif6.KR3K94 3...PrP 4.KxP. Example 5. White offers the pawn exchange when BIack retrcats lo QB3. Wtthoui the opposition, White has a combination. Sacrif~es of backward pawns arc common in pawn endings hcausc the king is a stow-moving piece,
White wins Xf White plays 1. PB4 A. P x P ch. 2. KB3 he regains his pawn Z... KKt3 3. KxP, but loses i h opposition 3... K33, Example 5. T h i s idca wins, however, if the diagram position is moved up one rank. whcn exchanges lead to Example 37. Simiiar positions with RPs are aften drawn, exchanges transposing to Examples 35,36, or 39; whilst if the pawns are nearer White's side of thc board a sacrifice is not feasible, so that White wins only with the direct opposition.
I 44
79 Persitz v. Paffley, Southend, 1955. Ifere White's backward pawn
2 K-Kt4 K-33 3 K.-.R5 KxP If3... K-Kt2 4. P-B3 (not 4. PI36 Black wins ch. ? K x P 5. R x P PQ5 for Black has the opposition) 4. K-B2 5, K xP Gaining the opposition, and wtK-B3 6. K,--R7 K-R2 7. PUB6 Ranking White's position. K x P 8. K-R6 (not 8... K-,W&? 4 K,,,-Q3 K--Kt5 9- K-Kt3) 8...K-ECa 9. K-Kt7. 5 K.--K2 K-B5 4 KxP K-B3 6 K V 3 K-B6 If 4... PQ5 5. KKt7, or if 4... KBS 7 K-,-B2 K-4s 5. WCt6 KB6 6. KBS. 8 K-B3 K-06. 5 P--R3 White fares no 'better with the move, This tcmpo.move p i n s the oppoai- , I . KK3 E'K5 2. PB4 (if-2. P x P cA. tion. KK4, Blnrk has the opposition) 2... P x P ch. 3. K x P KQS 4. PKtS PK6 5 ... K-B4 ' 5. PKt6 PK7 6.PKt7 PK8-Q 7.P a 8 5 K-Kt7 P-Q5 - Q QR7 ch. 8. KK15 QKt6 ch. If 6 . . . KQ3 7. KKt6, hut not < 7. U I ?KBJ. 1 77 Teichmann v. Blackburne, Ber7 PxPch. KxP ' lin, 1897. Here the doubled pawn 8 R-Bb K-K4 provides rt decisive t w o - m o v e . Black's
I 1
45
1 PAWN ENDINGS
king's sidc pawns are slightly better than White's because of the proswt of a passed pawn on the KR file. Iris remarkable that t h w two slight advantaps suffice for a win. Having thc move, White cannot defend against P--135 : Variation A:
I K-B2 2 P.-TM ch.
P-RS
K-w
3 PxKtP If 3. P x R P P x R P Black's passed p w n is stronger than White's Ixcaust. il is P a h e r away. If 3. KB3 PKt5 ch. 4. KB2PxPch. 5. KxPFl34. 3 P-R6 A move made posibte by White's playing to the KB file (I. RB2). J...
...
5 MORE PAWNS: MATERIAL ADVANTAGE
Now White's passd pawn is the stronger, bur he loses becaux his king is poorly placed; indeed, if it were at
The first phase is to deprive White's KRP of spare moves. 2 K-Q4 K-K2 3 K-RS P--.R3 4 K-Q4 K-B2 Not yet 4...PKKtd'?(which the textmove thrcatens) because of 5. PKR4 P x RP 6.P x P KB2 7. PR5 closing this wing, and leaving Black no tempomoves. White's next move is forced k a u s t BIack is now threatening to open this wing. 5 P,--KR4 K.,,.--KZ The second phase &gins--depriving Whitc's QRP of spare moves.
KKt2 he would turn tbc tahlm on Black.
-
... -This important finesse (instcad of 3... KK5? at onw) inveigle White's king to KR3, so chat Black thrcatens to queen with check. 4 K-RJ K-K5 5 K After 5 . PR5 KK6 6. PR6 PI36 7. PR7 Pi37 8. PR8 ::,- Q P,,--B8=Q ~ h . Black easily wins the queen and pawn ending. 5 R* 6 K-BJ
...
If 6. P-R5
K-K7.
6 ,.+ KxP 7 P-R5 K-Kt6 8 P-R6 P,-,-B6 9 P-R7 P--BY I~P....-R~:.IQ P-BBzQ. Itere too the qumn and pawn eading is won for 3Pack. Variation C : I R-R3 P-R 5 2 K-,Kt2 For 2. P-n$ ch. see Variation B. If 2 . P x P P x P 3.KKt;l-PB.I 4. PMch. KK5 5. PI35 PR6 6. PB6 PR7 and Hack wins Black wins 2 ... PxP PxPch? 4 . K x P K x P d r a w s b z ~ a i 1 s e 3. K x P K-R4 Black's king is only on the ffiurth rank; 4 K-,Kt2 RUB5 whcrcas afttx the text it gets to the fifth 5 K-32 P-&I rank. Again thc tcmprnove wias the 4 P-Kt4 ch, K xf(Kt4) opposition. 5 K-Kt3 P-..-R7 6 K---K2 K-Kt6 6 KxP KxP 7 K-K3 K-R6 7 K-Kt2 K-R5 8 K-B2 K-K 5 Blackburne fiad foreseen this movc, 9 K-K2 P,,,,,,,,W altho~rgh the gilmc took a different Taking the opposition and outflank- cou~sc.White cannot now mainvriin the (distant) opposition b e a u s hc cannot ing. Variation B: 1 K-K2 P-RS Taking the diagonal opposition, and 2 f-R4 ch. PxP outflanking next move. 3 PxP
Thesc threc variations show that in the diagram position White's king is on its k t squarc; and that Black wants to bavc this position with White to move. This he achieves by a triangulation. I K-KJ Not of course I , T?B4? prematurely using his tempo-move. Neither can he win by I , . . PRS? 2. PB4 ch. K M 3. PxKtP P x P 4. K x P K x P , for thc wmpo-move Is no help when his king i s only on the fourrh rank.
...
..
2 R-R3 The gamc continued 2, K- R 2 K- -B3 (2... PR5 would be sirnptcr) 3 . K- Kt2 eventually leading to Variation C . If 4. KB2 PR5 5 . PR4 PR6. 2 ... K- 8 3 3 K-Kt2
If 3. KRZ PR5. Xr 3. PKt4 PR5 4. PB4P x P 5 . K x P K K 4 and Black wins the queen endings after 6. PKt5 KK5 7. PKt6 PB6. or 6. KR3 KKS 7 . RKr? KQ5! BPack wins 3 .., K- K 4 K-q3 K-42 And not yet 3 . , . PR5? 4. PR4 P x BC 1 7 K-33 K -R2 5. P X R P K M 6. KB3, when White wins; I but after the text-move White, having to 1 K--Q3 K-Kt2 mow, must submit to one or the given I A tempo-move, or finesse. The point variations. A d~Rcultending composed is that White has an answer to tach of of well-known elements: sgarc pawn- ( the two irnnccliate atternpis to force moves, triangulation, opposition. 1 ... PQR4: 1 # . . . K U 3 9.KQ4PQR4? IO.PxP 1 PKtS 11. PR6 KKt3 12. PRY K x P 78 A position the erne 13. KW KR3 14. K x P , and White's h d e r V . Rahr. Freibiiiy. 1932. Black QRP IvffiCjently c m m u for ~ ~~ i huan extra and protected passed piiwn, Qpq a mt advantage; but his problem i s . 8. ,, Km-Rt3 9, K-43 p - 4 R 4 ? to get his king into White's tnlf of / 1 0 p , ~ , d brrallhroughisfeasibk the board. I orrly when White's king is on the K-file By carefutiy Vare pawn- I 07 furrher east, and when Black's is on movm, inducing White spend 1 the QKt or QR file) I#... I3P r, P (la... &s, Black wins by a tempo. i PR4 is safe, but leaves BPack no spare 1 +., 1 pawn movq and so draws; wMkt if K - -Q2
I
1I
47
~
~
y
7 MORE PAWNS: POSITIONAL ADVANTAGE
I: PAWN ENDINGS
...
10 R F X P I I . P R 5 P x R P 12. PKtS) 11, I?--RS P x R P 12. P-35 P-Kt6 14. P-B6 F 4 S I 3. P x P ch. K-B3 cb. IS. K-B3 P--Q6 16. P-B7 7-Q7 17.K-K2 F-Kt7 18. F-BS -= Q, with drawing chanca. 4 K--Q4 White wants to answer KKt3 by KK3, and KB3 by KQ4, as in the variarions given; but, having to move,he wnnot maintain the status quo. I£ 9. K-K3 (9. KK2 3 3 3 ) 9.. 10. K-K2 (10. KQ4 PQR4) K-Kt3 lo.. K,---B3 (10. .. PQR4? 11. PKt4) I t . K-K3 P 4 R 4 12. P x P (the sacrifice 12. PKt4 i s of no avail when Black's king is on the QB file, 12
maturely spndhg his tempo-move, IS...PR4 16. KB3 KQ4 17. KQ3, and White having the opposition drawg, After sacrificing his pawn t... PQS) Black wants to answer K x P by ...KB3 -another example of mmoeuvring for a square (a kind of triangtllation) ~tawas seen on the 8th move. 15 K--Q4 K-Kt3 15 K,-B3{K3) P--Q5 ~ h . 17 K-QJ K-B2 18 K x P K-B3 I9 K-l33(K3) K-44 20 P-RS 20. KQ3 PR4 is also hopeless.
RPxf 1 J . P R 5 P x R P X4.PKtSPxP 13. P-,Kt4 t 5. P x P KQ2) 12...
22 f x P And Black's king enters Whi& terrain, with decisive results.
...
...
.
.
...
P-KR4, with a safe king's side, and entry for his king via QKt4. Xf 9.KRJ RKt3 10. KQ4 PQR4. 9 ..+ K-B3 10 K-,,33 lf 10. KKJ(Q3) PQR4. I0 ... K-Kt3 Not I0... r Q R 4 ? 11. P x P KKt2 12. KKt4. I l K--Q4 He can no tonger delay Black's PQR4. I1 ... F-,-QR4 12 P,-R3 The breakthrough fails when White's king is on the Q file, X 2. PKt4 BE' x P 13.PRSPKt6 14.KK3PQSch. IS.KB3 PQ6 16. P x P PQ7, and Black qumm with check. 12 ... PxP 13 P x P Black now has one tempo-move, White none, In thc third phase Black sacrificeshis QP and gets his king to Q4, then plays F-KR4, thus forcing entry for his king at QBS or K5. 13
...
14 K - 4 3
K-B3 K-Kt2
Not 14... PQS? 15. K x P , wheoBiack cannot g t to his Q4 exapt by pre-
20
...
21 K - - 4 3
PxP P-R5 P-R4.
5 h . 4
...
1 2 K-Kt2
K46
K-K7 3 K-Ktl K-Q7 7 b e Mmediate 3 . .. PBS ? I M V White ~~ opposition, 4. P x P PxP 5 - KRt2, and a draw. 4 K.-R2 white plays to the file, bwau* after 4, K.,--Kt2 K-K8 5. K-Kt1 (S+ KB3 6. KK3 7. P-B5 it is 'lack who has Ihe apposition.
/
*
/1 1
KdCtn '..
6
. ..
Px P
7 K-RZ
K-K8 K-Kt2 ~t istoo late for white to eiEthe oppusitian, $ 8. KKtl p M , 8 ... K-K7 9 P-33 K-K6 As Example 21.
$0 ~~~e v , Pirr,fifih match game, 1H9, White's king i s better p l a d (this uruallv mwnv mare advancedi and he has a grcatcr number of spare pawn ~ O V ~Even S . SO Black should draw. i P-R4 uws his spare pawn movm to king's advance, a familiar idca.
-P-R ---7
...
In the game Black lost after 1 . . . PR4?
2. PKKt3 PR4 ch. 3. KR4 KR3 4. PKKt4 P x P 5. K x P KKt3 6. KB4 KB3 7 .PKx3, and having the opposition white won the QP.
7. MORE PAWNS: POSITIONAL
ADVANTAGE
2 I?-Kt4 P-K14 Black will fox the tempo struggle, but his manner of doing so I s of comquence, and the pawns must be blocked in thc right way. After Z... PK4? 3. PKt5 RB3 4. KRS KB4 5 . K x P play continues much as in the text, White quwning whilst Black gets his QP only M the mvcnth. The queen then wins anainsl the Ii gassed pawn as exemplified ii; chapter
With level pawm there are winnitu possibilities only when one side has some kind of positionat advanwge.
79 Botwinnik, 1952, shows that h m the better position of Black's king ensures victory. 1 K-B3 White cannot prevent Hack's outflanking him, The main idea fallows 1. K-Ktl (1. KRI KQ6 2. KKtt KK7 3. KKt2 PB5) I . . . K--Q6 Z K-BI K - - 4 7 3. K--KU (3. KKtl KK7) 3.. . K-R8 4. K-Kt l K-KT 5. KKt2 P,-BS, when BIack wins m u s e ! h now has the opposition, 6. PxP (6. PKt4 KK8, or 6. KKtt P135) 6... P x P 7. P-B3 (7. KKtX PB6) 7... G K 6 , Example 21. I. K-R2 (if 1. KR3 RK5, not I . . . KQ6? 2. PB4) I . .. K--Q6 2. K-RI K--Q7 3 . K-R2 K-Q8 4. K-Rl F--B5 transposes to the text play. White coufd draw this position if iHI wuId get Us king to K2 under favour-
1
abkcircumstanm, but the attempt fails: 1. K-BI K-,445 2. K-KI P,-B5 3. F-Kt4 K-37 4. K-K2 K-38 PB61 K-Q% 5. K - 4 3 (57 outflanking aft- 6. KK4 KK7 7. pH3 KB7,
I
Black wins J
...
K-Q8
7.1
White must be forced into the comer, ur 4.. P B S ? ~ r m i t s5. P x P PxP 6.
KR3.
S K-RI 5. ICI33 KK8 6. KKt2 loses as Wore.
s
+,,
P-BS
ObviausIy BPack cannot fum the win b 5... KK7 6. KKtl, or S... KK8 6. KKU.
I
Drawn
7 MORE PAWNS: POSITIONAL ADVANTAGE
1 PAWN ENEiNGS
/ bmk
ing, if hecan, before his own arc gobblwl UP.
The tcxtis thequickestway to up Black's pawns. If 7. K-Q2? (Black may safely aivc u p a pawn after 7. PR4 wk3 8: P X P K X F 9. PKtJ KKt3 10. P x P K x P 11. KK3 KKt3) 7... P--QR3 8 . P x P R x P a n d n o w : 10. P x P (10. (0)9. K-B3 P-B6 PKt3? PK6) 10... P x P 11. K-Q4 K-Kt3 12. P-R4 K x P 13. K,-,,,85 R-R4 a?in the game, when a draw wm
get a p
BI&s passed pawn is a liability m&r than an asset, for it is iuolatcd and rids defending, and is not distant to be menacing.
winning ch-.
5 ... P-R3 6 K-Q3 P-B5 ~ h . A bold and ingenious defence follows; &t cautious pIay is no bettm: 6... P-KC4 7. P-Kt4 P x P 8. RPxPK-K4fB ... KQ3 8. KB4 IC83 10. P f o 9. K-B-4 K,,,-Q3 10. P-K4 K-43 11. P-K5. and Whits wins the
d pawn if he so wishnote to Black's third move. If Black wererldofeitkoftbweaWhe would draw; if rid of both be would have
This breaks up Black's queen side pawns. Such a 'minority' attack would kc positively bad in many a=,but is here justified, for it is the means of exploiting Black's pawn weaknesses.
naktent book) 9... RKt3 10. K B K ~ xP fl.KQ4PK6 1 3 . P x P P x P 12. K x P KKt3, drawn. (c) 9. PKU KKt3 10. P x P K x P I I. KR3 KKt3 12. K x P KB3, drawn.
White wins by a tempo after 7... PQRJ 8. P x R P K x P 9. P x P KKt3 10. KK3 R x P 11. K x P RKt3 12. KK5. 8 PxP Px P 9 K-Q2 P---QR3 10 PXP KxP J 1 K-B3 K-Kt3 The exchange of pawns on the KKt fib deprives Black of the counterthrust PKB6 that ws played in the game. 12 K-Q4 P-K6 13 P x P PxP 14 K x P KxP 1s K--B4 K ,,,,,,,.Kt3 16 K--Kt5 K-B3 17 K--R6. meremayfoliow17 KQ4 18.KxP KKS 19. RKt6,nr 17 KQ3 18. K x P KKZ 39. KKt7.
... ...
83 Eliskases v. S. Rubinstcic, Vienna, f 932. BIltck has thc quwn's side majority, but he i s at a disadvantage bemuse of two pawn-weaknesses: firstly, his P at QR4 hampers the mobilization of his majority-it would kc biter placed at QR3 to support the QKtP; secondly, his P at KW (it would be better at KB2) permit.. White quickly to
to win, but it is not so m y for his king to get at BIack's pawns, and once again tempo-moves are the decisive factor. I .., K-Q2 2 K-K4 K-K3 3 P-KKt4 Securing his king's position. 3 ... P-QBJ Prvvcnting White's king entering via may ex*
QS.
$.PKBPxP 10. P X P K Q I~i . PKSch. K x P 12. R x P KB5 13. KKt5, and White queens the QRP.
If8 ... P x P 9.PxP,Blackrunsoutof tempo-moves, losing the BP, This finesse deprives Black of t e m p movts with his REP. A curious draw
White ghys and wins Necessary, for White threatened K-R4 fixing the backward QKtf. 3 K-B3 After 3. PB3 ? PI35 cb. 4. F x F PKfi, the protected passed pawn extsum a draw for Black. And if here 4. KB3? W x P 5 . P x P c h . K x P 6. KxPBlack wins because of his outside passed pawn. 3 ... PXP Under nomat dnwmstances: the remote passed pawn created after J... PQBS 4.PxPch. K X P S.PxPch.RM would suEm; but hcrc thc weakness of Black's king's side fails him, for after 6. PI33 PRS 7. PK4 P x P 8. P x P PR6 9. PK5 the d i s c o m t e d pass4 pawns, which can defend thcmlv@, are superior to Black's QRP.
follows 9. PK5 KQ4 30. PK61 K x P 11. K x P PKi4 12. KKt5 KQ4 13. K x P R M 14. KK6 KB3 15. PRS PR4 16. KR7 KBZ 17. PR5 PRS, when Whitc's king is incarccratcd. 9 P-R4 10 P-K5 K.,,-Q4 11 P---KG KxP 12 K x P P-Kt4 13 K-Kt5. Black r e s i ~ sEle . m a y have hoped for 13. P x P ? K-R4 14. K,,,-KtS (14. KQS K x P 15. ECKS KR5 16. K x P H a h a t e ) 14...K x P 15,KxPK-R5 with counterplay. White's passed KP proved morc Wuable than Black's p a s 4 QBP; but mite's reai advantage was that he could -dictate the moment for creating the Passed pawns.
...
84 Analysis kom the game Botvinnik v . Srnyslov, Sverdlnvsk, 1943. BlacPs Pawns are very weak (four arc isolated), and White's king is better pboced. White
1
White wins
.
If 3.. K-R3 (3 ... KQ3 4. KBS KQ4 5. PR4 KQS 6. PKtS P X P 7. PKRS) 4. K--05 K---Kt4 (else PKR4) 5. K x KP k-RS 6. ~ , , , , , . K M K; P 7. P,,,-KtS P X P 8. P x P K-Kt5 9.K--Bfi K-BS 10. P-B4 K-Kt5 11. K x P K x P 12. HE-K6. 4 P-KR4 P-B5 A sacrifice to obstruct the entry of White's king, for i f 4... I333 5. KQ3 KK3 6.KI34. 5 PxP K- -B3 6 P-Kt5 ~ h . Px P 7 PxPch. K-K3 AfterT,.. K x P 8. KxPWhitcwins the QBP. 8 P-RS P-R3 9 P--KB3 P-R3 I f 9 ... PQB4 lO.PB3KQ3 It.ICR5. I0 P x P KxP 11 PB4 PxP 12 K x P K-K3
1 PAWN ENDMGS
13 K-K4 14 15 16 17
K--Q4 K,,-K4 P-B3 K-B5.
7 MORE PAWNS: POSITIONAL ADVANTAGE
I ... K-B2 If I ... P x P 2. PKr5, and although Rlack's pawns can force their way forward, it so happens that White gets there frrsr, Z... PKt6 3. PKt6 PKt7 4. KB2 PB6 5. PKt7 PB7 6. PKe8-Q ch. 2 P-R5 White wins because of thc great strength of the protwted passed pawn, which restricts the Biilck king's freedom. 2 ... K-fC3 3 K-132 K-133 4 K-Kt3 K-B4
K-43 P-I34 ch. K-K3 K-43
63
Black to play:
1 ... K-B2 Black wins because of his powerful outside p d pawn which decoys White, and because of White's trackward QBP-Black's one pawn at QKt4 holds ,-..A
2 K-K3
Hem Mack cannot both protect his KtP and remain within the wuart? of White's passed pawn (but IIC wuld do so if the uassed nawn were at KK14 instcad of ~ i t 5 ) . * 5 P-Bfi 7 K-R3 K-B6
There is no time to exchange the weak pawn, 2. KQ3 KK3 3. PB4,because of J... PKt6.
8 'PUB7 9 p B8 =.Q 10 Q-SS ~ h .
2... PQR4 3. PRS leads to play m in the text. IfBlack moves his KRP, White exchanges passed pawm, takes the horizontal uppsj!ion, outflanks Bfack, and wins his vulncrabie KKtP: Z...P,--.KR4 {or Z... PQK3 3. KKt4 KR3 4. KU4 KQ2 5. KQS PKR4 6. KB5 KEZ 7. KRt4 KKtl 8. KRS KKt2 9. PKGt k-,,-f~t4 K-83 4. IC...--RS~ - - ~ t 5. K,--Kt5 K-132 6. K-R6 K,GKtl 7. P-K6 R,&i32 8. K XP K-Q3 9. K-,,,-Kt6K X P 10. K-,B6 K;-,,,K2 11. K - 4 7 K-K3 12. K-Q8 K--B2 (12 ... KQ4 13. KK7 KK5 14. KB6 KB6 IS. K x P K x P 16. KKt5) 13. K-Q7 K-I33 14. K-ICH K--Kt2 1 5. K,&K7 K--Kt l 16, K-,-AB6 K-R2 17. K-R7
i:
g,-R3 18. K-Kt$.
P-Kt7 X)-Kt8 KQ
K-K7 K-R8 A qumfi exchange cannot be avoided. If I I . . , KB6 12. QB5 ch. KK7 13. QKt4 ch,, and if I f ... KQT(Q8) 12. QQ5 ch. KBGB7) 13. Q35 ch. K- Q7 12 Q-KS ch. K-Kg(K7) 13 Q-,,.QSC ~ I . 14 0--K4 ch. K,--Q7 IS +Kt2 ch.
If. Q x P c ~ .
Whoever plays wins
2
...
3 K-K4 4 K-R3 5 KXP
K-K3 P-Kt6 K.44 K-B5 K-B6 K x BP
6 K-B3 7 K-,.K3 8 K ....... Q$ 8. KK2KKt6 9.KQ1 K x P also loses. .,,,,,,,~ t f i 8 ... 9 K--.R5 K RS. White to play: t P,-R4 The characteristic brcakthmugh sacrifree, oftcn seen with backward pawns when the e n m y king is far away,
I
86 Afthaugh thwe are occasions when an outside passed pawn is rhe equal of a protected passed pawn, the Liter is usually sironger, as in this sfudy by Eim, 1941. The extra pawns create artdirional threats fur Whit?. I K-Kt4 In the first phase Whitc positions his king for thc inevitable exchange of passed pawns, and here I . KQ4 KB2 2. KBS KQ2 3 . RQ5 WRJ 4. KB5 comes to {he samc thing. f
...
2 K,-X<4
K-Kt3 K-B3
White wins
Thc scxond phase, weakening Black's pawns. After the immediate cxchangc 6. PK6? K 8 2 7 . K x f KQ3 8. KKt6 K x P 9. KB6, Black takes the opposition artd draws, 9.. PKR4. 6 ... PxP 7 p,,,,,,,,,Kfj
.
The third phase, excl~anging the p a w pawns. 7 K-B2 8 KxP K-Q3 9 K-Kt6 K-K2
...
I0 IK-B7 The position eventually transposes to Example 69. Certain squares are correlated, and White must move carefullyhere 10. KBG? K x P draws. SO K x P I 1 K-R6 K-BZ 12 K-Q7 2 Either $2. KQ6? K83, or 32. KQ5? KK2 draws. 12 K-I33 I 3 K-Q6 K-Kt2 If 13... PR3 14. KQ5 KKt3 15. RK6 KKt2 115. K x P KB2 17. KK5 RK2 18. PBS KB2 19. PBh KKI, and White wins by triangulating, 20. KB4 KR1 2f. KK4 KKI 22. ICKS. 1.6 K K7
...
...
Here 34. KKS? KB2, or 14. KK6? KKr3 draws. 14 ... K-Kt1 IS K-K6 Not 15. K-Bh? K-BI 16. K-Kt5 (16. K x P PR5 37. P x P KK2) I&.. P-R5 17. K x P (17.PxPKB2) I f ... P-R3 and Black draws. 15 .., K-B 1 I6 R,,,,-BB Not 16. K x P ? PR5 17. PxPKK2. 16 ... K-Kt I 17 KXP P-,,R5 $8 P x P White wins as Example 69.
87
a game Schwcda 1929. Neither side appears to have any positional advantages in tRe no~rnafsense. It is obvious that a movo by either king loscs a pawn. It is thedore a battle of pawns, and the player with the movc is able to arrange the pawn-moves to his own advantage in cach case. It is difffcult to say why this should be so, although the option of moving a pawn one or two squarm et its first k a p is a significant Thc ending of
v . Sika, Bmo,
factor.
I PAWN ENDINGS
I
4. PxP, Bfack's first-move options Whiw to piay : 1 P-KR4 P-,-OR4 , d ~ i d e ) 2... P-Kt4 3. P-K3 P-R3, with, in e k t , symmetry; and i f 4. '' ' P--KR4 P-''R3 p--K<4 PARS, but not 4.. , fJ x P 1, h e pawns am awangd symmetrically. In : fosinga move. all such cases the player who has to A ttmpa struggle in a very cfca2lr-cut move first cannot lose a movc, and there might follow 2 . . P-Kt3 (2... PKt4 ; 3. r ~ f 43.)?-Kt3 p-R4 4: P--R4(if gd A kind of poritjonnl 4' PKt41 an e x c h a n ~is to lose a I rnmctimes occurs when both s i d ~ move, 4... P x P 5. P x P PKt4). nassed Dawns. but one set of them is 2 PAR5 horn danger&. This means they arc Depriving Black's KRP of its filrt m r w to queening or more mabile, or move option. After 2. 1>R4? pR4, or there is a mating threat involved. Tftk study by Guy, 1951, shows the 2. PKtJ? PR4 3. PRJ PKt4, Black wins. idea in simpls form. 2 P-R5 1 K-34 K,,,-KiX 2 K-BS K,,-B2 3 K-B6 Whik 10% a move. Black cannot do the same, his king must oscillate from QRtl-QB2, or from QKtl-QR2. 3 ... K-Kt1 As iong as White's king remains on KB4, KB5, or KB6, Hack will lo= his pawns if hc dares to advance them, e.g. 3... PR4 4. KKtS PQ4 5. K x P , and White's king is in time to stop the &her pawn. Whoever plays wins
''
I
I
'I
* A .
1
If Z... PR3 3. PK4; if 2... PKt4 3. PR6; and if Z...PKt3 3. PK4. 3 P-R6 P-Kt3 The attcrnpt t o lose a move by a sacrifim usually fails, e.g. 3 . ., PR6 4. B x P PKt4 5 . PR4 P x P 6. PR3, when Black still has ths move. 4 P-Kt4 The first-move option decides t h issue. 4. PKt3? PR6 Ioscs. 4 ... P x P e.p. Whwver plays wins 5 PxP F-Kt4 6 P-Kr4. 4 K-Kt6 Elask to play wins by 1.. . P-QR4 If endings of this kind are to be wm, 2. P-Kt3 (2. PQR4 PR3 makes a there comes a moment when the cncmy symmetrical arrangement of pawns, pawns must be permitted t o advam, wfiiist if 2. PKR4 BR5 3. PRt3 P x P I and the risk.must be calcdakxl carefully.
I
55
7 MORE PAWNS: POSlTIONAL ADVANTAGE Otherwise BIack loses his pawns. Forced, for the same wason. 6 K,-K5 P--R5 7 KxP P--R6 If now 7...KB2 8. KK4, and the gnP fails. 8 K-B6. An advanced pair of united passed pawns may contain two kinds of threat, the pawn-male 8... PR7 9. KKt6 PRI=Q 10. PR7, or the quwn-mate (which occurs on zhe edge of the board, that is with K t F k R P as here) S... KRZ 9. Kl37 PR7 10. PKt8-Q ch. K x P 11. QKt6. With the move Black, plays 1 ... PR4 2. RB4 PQ4, and one of his pawns will queen.
89 Another kind dadvanrage is ttxt: possibility of a breakthrough sacrifice when the defending king is coo far from t h scene. In the finish of the game EmoIaev v.
Black pistys and wins
White's king is tied dawn (Mmked by the QBP), and Black captures White's QP and KKtP, after4. KK4 5 . ch. KB4, as in Example 19, fur they art. not forward enough to be dangerous.
..
If 2. XBS K t 5 3. f Kt6 KK2. 2 ... P x P e.p. Not 2... PKt5? 3. P,B5 ch.-~ith pawns three files apart on the fifth rank White will queen om of them, J... KK2 4. PB6 P x P 5. PB7 KQZ 6. PKt6, etc. 3 8-43 ?--Kt5
Karpinsky, Ukraine, 1950, Black's 4 P-Kt6 K-K2 position tor should one say combinas PxP tion?) is worth more than a pawn. Avoidi:~g the qimn ending which I ... P-RS follows 5.. . PKt6 6. PQ5 PKt7 7. PQ6 Not 1.. . PKt5 ? 2. PR4, when Black's ch. K x P 8. PKt7. pawns are blocked. 6 P.--QS P-X-'-B7 2 P-l34 7 K-Q2 P-87. White sces but cannot avert the threat White resigned dter 8. F-Kt7 (if of ...PKt5. 8. PQ6 ~ h K . x P ) 8...P,-B8=Q ~ h . 8. K x Q P-,-R8=Q ch.
I. MINOR PIECE v. P A W N
CHAPTER I1
-
MINOR PIECE ENDINGS
'Hew I'm amazed at tk' actions of a knight That doth bold wonders in the fight;' ABRAHAM GWLEY, Pindoric Odes: To De.s!iny, 1656. We shall not consider knights and i bishops srparatdy, hut will sliow in a 1 comparative study their diRcring charactcristics. The bishop has mom mobility for it may cross the board in one move, and a greatc* r a n g for it map contrd squares at a distance. The knight may
4 K,-Q6 5 K--B5
K-Kt7
K-136 Kt,--BI ch.
This is normally drawn, the piece sacrificingitself forthe pawn if necessary. Against an advanced pawn the knight may find this dificcult.
92 Against il RP ihe knight operates Jittle more than half-strength, and, as
Not 4... KtK2 ch.? 5 . KQ7 KtQ4
6. PR6 KtKt5 7. PIt7 KtQ4 8 . KB6. 5 K,,-Kt6 Kt--84 d F-R6 XI 6. KB7 KtQS 7. PR6 KtKt4 ch.
6 ... Kt.43. Black" knight pfays to QSf or QKt4.
t
here shown by Grigoriev, 3932, it has mnre dimEliley drawing a s i n s t a RP as far back as it? sctond rsnk. I P-,-R4 Kt-I36 After I . . . KtB2 ch.'? 2. KB7, or I... KtKS ch.? 2. KB6, the pawri goes through.
take as many as six muvcs to rcach a given destination, but is 1 6 s easily obstructed, and has greater s c o ~being , able ro conb-oI squares of either colour. In open positions with only a fcw pawns the bishop is stronger, whereas the knight is the better piece in positions where the bishop is obstructed by its own pawns. I . MINOR PIECE v. PAWN
91 The knight i s less ~Ecctiveagainst a KtP. 1 K-KtE Kt-Q2 ch. 2 K-B8 Not 2. KB7 ? KtR4. 7 . .. ICt,-.Kt3 ~ h . .3 K-Q8(B7). And the pawn will ufely qumn.
White plays and wins
93 A well known stratagem which occurs only with the RP: I . K t s P ch. Kt x Kt 2. PR6,and if Z... KB2 3. PRY. 2. MINOR MECE
The knight draws if it can occupy a
PAWNS
This ending is normally drawn, brtt there are winning chancs for the pawns if thc defmcling king is far away.
Drawn
If now 7. KKt7 KtQ3 ch., or Y,.,
v. TWO
2 K--45
knight operates at full strength on either side d the pawn. 1 K-338 If 1. PB8 ==QKtQ3 ch. The fork is tha theme of I3lack's defence. If 1, KKtWKt8) K K 2 , or if I. KB6 KtK2 ch. 2. KQ7 RtQ4, stlacking the pawn, and forking if it queens. 1 ... Kt-K? ch. Not I . . . RtQ3 ch.? 2. KQ7 RtB5 3. K36 KtK4 ch. 4. KKt5 KtBZ 5. KB5.
94 As a rough guide Black draws if If 2, PR5 KtQS 3. PR6 KtKt4 ~ h . his king is within thc square ofthe united
4, KT36 Kt112 ch. Fmm here the knight safely moves around the circuit QRI-Q3QKt4-QRZ, i,c. 5. KKt7KtKt4 5 . KKt6 KtQ3, or 5, KKt6 KiBl cb. 6. KKt7 KtQ3 ch. 2 .., Kt-R5 3 P-,-,R5 ~t ,,,,,,,,~4 The key square, from which the knight threatens to get on to the abovementioned circuit in thrw diKe~ent wys: KtQ3; ... KtK2-QBl; or
...
KtQs-Q~t4. 4 K-I36
Kt-QS ch.
pawns, and if his ~ r ~ i i r vyr i r a is ~-camnabfy welt placed, as here, where the kni&t effectively operates from behind the pawns. I R-Q6 White tria to hold OR Black's king. If I K- B4 2. P-85 KtKt5 &. 3. K-Q6 (3. KIM KtB3 4.KKtS RtQ5 ch 5. KKt6 KK4 6, PB6 ICtK3, or 3. KBB KtB3 4. PKt4 KK3 5 . PKt5 KQ2) 3. .. K-K5 4. P--B6 Kt-Q4 5. K-B5 ( 5 . PKt4 KQ5 6 . f Kt5 KE5) 5.. K-KB 5. P-Kt4 Kt x P.
.
.
I1 IMINOR PIECE ENDINGS Xf I. P-Kt4 KK4 3. PI36 2. IZ-Kt5 Ii-K3 4. K.,,,,,,,U7 K-K4 6.K-BbK---.QS
I
...
2 P-B5
( I . KKt6 RR4 2. PB5 KtKt.5) 1 . .. 3. K-I36 Kt--QS ck. 5. P-Kt6 Kt-K3 ch. 7 . P-Kt7 Kt........Q1 ch. K-B4 Kt-R6
1 /
/
11
85 A minor piece also normally draws against two disconn~tcdpawns, t h e king holding back one d thern, and the piece the other. This i s not always easy for the knight, whose versatility is, however, wcll sllown in this ending by Grigoriev, 1934.
3. KKt2 trips the knight, but only draws aflcr 3 . . , K x P 4. X x Kt K M , Example 14. 3 ... K t . .88 ch. :.lot 3 . . . K x P ? 4. P R ~K ~ S Sch. 5 . KR4 KtK7 6 . PR5 Kt35 7. PR6 RtK3 8. PR7 KtB2 9. KBS KtRI 10. KBS KB3 I 1. KKt7. Blxk is unable to hern White in after sacrificing the knight.
If 3 . P-Kr4 Kt--B5 ch., by mcans of this check Biack's king forces its way nmrer, 4 K-QS (4. KBY KK3 5. PKLt5 KQ4 6. PK!6 KtK4) 4. .. Kt-Kh ch. 5. K-RS K-K3 6. P-Kt5 Kt-,,,,,.B4 7. !?---Kt6 Kt-QS ch. 8. KB7 KQ4. If 3. KB6 KK3 4. KKt6 KQ?. 3 ... Kt-,Kt4 ch. 4 K-B5 If 4. K-,-Q7R,,,,,,-K45 . P,,,,,,,B7(5. PKt4 KQ4) 5.. . Kt x P: or if 4. KQ5
KB3. 4 ... 5 p
Kt-82
2 MINOR PIECE v. TWO PAWNS Greville, Paris, 1848. j in its heyday, this is, as Kieseriisky remarked, a very interesting ending. I 1 K-Kt4 K-B3 I(....-ICt3 Kt-04 ch. ttt the syatelxatic move raws without trouble. Thc king should oppose the most advanced ing thc advance of its then 4 RK5 KtB3 ch. 6.KKG KtR3 7. PB4 White plays and wins KeQ5 ch.; or 4. PR3 KtQ4 ch. 5. KK4 KtHG c l ~ .6. KBS RtK7. 1 K-,,Q5 In thew variations rhe kcight plays Thcalc:,ing p ~ ~ ~h~ 7 . immediate 1 a w y from and behind the pawns, thus R K 2, ~ KQS tending to draw off White's k.~lg. advancc draw, 1, BKtl. 4 K-KS Kt,,,-Kt5 S P--B3 1 ... B,--K4 K ,,,,,,,,$34 White advances his pawns rotler 2 P-Kt 3 ch . fashion, more or less abreast, so as to 3 P-.--Kt4ell. K-BS(B3j 4 &.Kt5 (ch.) K-R4 k e p ou: Rlack's king and avoid 5 P-Kt6 K-B 3 blockade. 6 P-KKt7. j1 S ... Kt,,-Q6 ch. 5.. KtB3 ch. 6. KK4 KR4 is still the 96A For h e twin brother o f this ,i,pie amusing study (no diagram), place a knight at Black's KKtS and remove the 6 K K4 Kt-M ch. 7K - q Kt--K3 ch. bishop-Whitc wins in a sirnihr way after I . KQ5 KtK4 2. ?Kt3 ch. K u This ru;d the fal)owing r@metn t i e 3. PKt4 ch. 4. KtQ2 White's king whew i t wants to go. Black Ktx ch. 6. KK6. Both studies were ' should play 7 . . KtKt6 ch. gettlnp: into fathered by Rinck, 1937. the wide opcn spidces.
/
I
I !
.
1
'-
Black plays and draws
4 K-K34 Kt- R7 5 P-R4 Kt- BS 6 P--RS Kt -Kt3 6.,. KtK3 loscs as Irefore. 7 P-RG Kt--K2 8 K-B5 I f 8.PR7 9. PRI Q KtRt3 ch. 8 ... ~r-uI 9 K -BG K 7, P.
I f 5. KKt6 KtQ4 ch. 6. KKt? KK4 7.PKt4 KQ3 8. PKt5 KB4. 5 ... K-K4 6 P-Kt5 Kt-K3 ch. 7 K-Kt6 K-03 8 K ,,,,,,,.Kt7 Kt-ai cb. In these variations Black draws by 96 1sol:nted pawns may win i f the setting up a kind of bfwkah, wi:h his defending kingcannot play his part; then knight and king at the side o f or k l ~ i n d tbc minor picce, trying to hold both the pawns. pawns,is averburdcned.
I
.
3. MXNUK YIkCk v. 1 H R t h PAWNS
Chances are often in favour of the pawns, and values are approxi~mtelyas fol1ows: the knight i s qua1 to three united pawns on tRa fourth but Loxs if they are farther foward; if the thrw pawns are widely separated they win against the knight. The bishop nurmiilly draws agains; thrcc united pawns; and also draws against disconnected pawns unless they are we11 advan&. Four pawns usuafly defeat a piece-no exan~ple,~ are given.
Drawn
4 MINOR PIECE AND PAWN v. LONE KING
31 MINOR PIECE ENDINGS
8 K-KS 9 P-Kt4
Kt-Bi ?
hold t b m .
The ali&nmcnt of the pawns on the fourth rank is the danger mosnent for BIack He should then lx ready to attack them effectively with his knight, which he carnot do here. 9 ... Kt-QZ cb. 10 K-M? This g i ~ e s Black anorher chance. Whitc should invade the enemy a m p by 10. K - - 6 ;if 10... KtBJ I I. KK6, and if 10... KtBl I I . KK7 KtR2 12. PI34 KKt2 13. PR5. 15 ... Kt-B4 1I K-K3 Kt--K3 12 P-&a Kt-Kt2 ? A fm from bold knight. 12... Kt-334 draws, 13. K-Q4 (13. -3 KtQ6 14. KRt3 KtK8) Kt,,-Q2 14. K-K4 (14.PB5 ch. KB3 f 5. KK4 KtFM ch.) 14... Kt-B3 ch. 15. K-B3 Kt-Q4 16. P-I35 cR. (16. PK5 ch. KR3 17. KK4 KtB3 ch. 18. K B 5 KtQ4 19. KKSKtKg) I6...K-33 17. K-K4 Kt-BG ch. 18. K--Q4 Kt-K7 ch. 19, K-K3 Kt-Kt6 20. K-B4 (20. KB3 Kt x P) 20... Kt-,,--KTch. Aftcr the text-move White p t s his pawns to Ole fifth, arrd Black i s ~mstred by the pafin roller.
13 K-K4 14 P-BS ch. IS P-,.Kt5 16 K-34 17 P-R5 18 P--XI6 19 K-,,-,K5 20 P,---ICt6 21 P--B6
advanced, and even the bishop cannot
Kt,-KI
K-B2 Kt-* ch. Kt-RI Kt,,--,Kt2 Kt-KI K-Ktl K-B1 Kt-,,DZ
Black's king from QB1 and QH2.
Rlack wins 1 S B 6 P-,Kt 5 2 K-H2 P-R6 3 ~-,,~r3 K-Kr3 4K-13.I 5 3-K3 K,,,,,,,,K5 6 L Q 2 K-.Q6 7 &,W P-B6 8 KxP K-KS. White resijps. To summarize: in all these basic exampb of minor piwe v. pawn w pawns the bishop p r o w itself superior to the knight.
99
9 9 ~
Although normally a win, there are a few exceptions.
100 Black to play moves l...KR2 and 2 . . KR1, after which his king is not
five by 1. KtM.
Whitc wins
IOXA Aker I . . . 3386 2, KKLl no progrces IS posstble. A KB instcad afso draws. I f there are Mocked RPs, with the defender's pawn unmoved, neithcr the knight nor the bishop can win. White plays and wins Black plays and draws
6 K-KL? 7 B--42
blocks the fommost pawn, the bishop attacks from behind.
8 &--Kt4 While plays and wins Black &aysand draws
Drawn
101 X sacrifice is ncmsary for White cannot outflank, but he mates in
dislodgeable, because the bishop does 101 fiat contrd the quwning square. This is dcrrsd to as RP with bishop of the wrong cdour, a we11 known draw. However, Black mr~stbe abXe to reach the queening square, and merely Mocking the pawn i s not good enough, White to play wins by keeping Rlack out of the corner.
1 K.,",.,,KtB 2 P-R3 3 DB5 4 B,,-KJ If 4... RRS 5. BBI. 5 K---R8
The same principles agpfy: the king
5. MXWR PIECE AND PAWN v. PAWN
99A The other draw with a knight &o jnvOIvL?S a KP on fit: sevonrh. Black EBB nevcr IX dug out d the corner. When White's king guards the pawn, hopiog to €roe the knight, he stalematcs.
4. MENOR PIECE AND PAWN v. X.,C)NB KING This is a win,with a few exceptions as shown below.
22 P-R7. Black resigns. A bishop in circumstances similar to the Iast example would draw with case.
98 Duhrssen v. Seibold, Cornpondence, 1930. The pawns am tea
99 White plays 1. Kt-R6, and his
kimp;a p e s ; but if it is Black's movt ha plays I . . . K12, and as Whik's knight never lose n move i t cannot force
10 3 - 4 5 I I &Kt4
K-Kt3 K-K3 R ,,,,,,,.Kt4 K-R 3
102 When the king is absent the knight (mare rarely the bishop)may haw cfifkully in gmventing the loss or exchange of the last pawn. This beautifti1 study by Rakes, f9M, shows most of the possible ss:atagcms. 1 p--w
Not I. K t x P ? KB7 2. PQ4 KQ6 3. KNr5 KB5 4. KRt2 K x Kt 5. KB3 KB3 6. KK4 KQ3. I .-. K-B7 2 Kt-KS A umfice which is passibb m u s e Black's k~ngi s outside the square QC the pawn. 2. KtKtS? p r ~ i t2... ~ KQ6
XI MINOR PIECE ENDINGS 102 the drawing area, the 30 marked-off
I
' I
8
Whltc plays and wlns
squarcs This thc king and bishop arc able to do because Bliack has a tempo move w:th h ~ uRP, but for which ho could stily in t l ~ e a r aand bestalemaled. Thus 3 . KBI fahs because of 4. RB7 forcmg 4. . PK6, and White captura the pawn with h b bishop, w~nning a h Exampie 100. 4 B-B7 K -K3 5 B-Q6 K-B4 6 K-Q7 K-B3 7&R3 K-K4 8 %K7 K- W
White plays and wins Black plays ~rnddraws
If I I . . , KKtl 12, KB6KBI 13. BK7 ch. KKI 14. KKG, forcing ... PR6. 12 I-l-Rh K-R 3
103 The most frequent exception with a bishop occurs when it is d thc wrong colour for a RP. In thls study by Rauser, 1928, after Teichmm, 1899, rhe i
win is simple in principle but not easy in cxccution. With the move Black draws bygoing to .
K-R2
,,,,,,,.
king. 24
...
......,. B6
25 %-R6
K-K th
26 B,-Kt5
K-I36
Drawn
RP, and where thc minor piacc is a knight. White to play: 1 , Kt-Kt4 K-Kt1 (i. KRl ?loses, 2. KKtG KKtl 3.KtB6 PR7 4. PR7 ch. KRI, and White mates in two) 2. K,,,,,,,.KtG K-Ri 3 . Kt-% a
K---K t 7 K-R7 K-K7
..
29 %I31 K-Q8 30 K-B4 If 30... KQ6 31. BK3 KB5 32. KK5 KKt6 33. BBS as in the wxt fray, and il 30... KB7 31. UK3 ch. KKt7 32. KKt4 KR7 33. BB4 ch. KKt7 34. UKt3 KKt8 35. KB3 KR8 35. BKt8KKlII 37, KR4 KKt7 38. KQS KBd 39. KBh KK5 40. KKtS RQ.I 41. BRZ KR3 42. K x P, Example 100.
Nut 4. KKIZ? KK7. 4 ... K ,,,,,,, K7 S K.,,,-KrZ K-K6 6 K,--,Kt3 K-K5 7 K-Kt4 K-KB If I . . , PQ4 8.KKt5. 8 K-BS K x Kt 9 K-,K6 K,,,.,-Kj 10 p........ Q-j.
3 K-B6
K Kt7
the drawing area this muvc :nuy be play&. White ncxt captures the RP with his king, wh:lst still keeping out Black's
28 K-Kt4
K-Q6
White ncx drives Black's king outside
K-KtS K-.Kt6 K-B6
24 P-K3 piow that Black is firmly barred from
from herc (1851). 27 B--B4
KK6. 2 ... K-B6 If 2.., KQ7 3. PQ5 KK6 1. KtB6 KK5 5. KtX7.
theyueeningsquure I . . . K K t l a n d 2 ... KRI, after which no harm befillls him. Whits to play kmps Black from the qumning squam: 1 &...Kt3 K-,,,.Q~ 2 K-Kt7 K-Q 1
20 G B 4 21 B-Kt5 p K--RS 23 13,-B4
Borwil;l, atid Kling show$ tho win
3. KtB3 KK6 4. KKt2 KK7, Black bas the opposition and draws, 5. KKt3 KK6 6. KKt4 KK5 7. KKtS K x Kt 8. KB5
3 Kt---I33 4 K-R2
5 MINOR PIECE A N D PAWN v. PAWN
'! 1
I 64
K-H7 n-X7 K-K6 f 6 G,,B5
K-R4
K,,-Kt 5
K B5 K-KS
17 &KS
It would be Prelnature 10 17. PR3? ~ K ~ U SBlack C Kin get back into the marked-off area by 17 ... KBS. 17 ... K-,Bfi 18 B.......R2 K-,,,,.K~s 19 IS--B6 K-R6 If 19... KR6 20. RRS KK6 21, KK5 KQ6 22. KQS.
31
K--B7
32 K-KS
K-Kt6 K-HS K,,,,,,,,, K-R4
33 %B5 34 K-Q6 35 K,,--QS 36 K-B6
K-R4 K ,,,,,,,.Kt4
39 B-Kt6
K-
K-B6
41 &BS 42 a,,,,-K3
43 B--BI 4 %Kt2 45 K-KtS.
and both playcrs qumn.
With the move Black must retreat just
~ ~ ~ f ~ I .l , .l K-RL y : f l ...K K t l ? lose) 2. K,,,,,,,,K16K-Kt1 3. Kt-Kt4 K-RI, as in the first variation. 'The knight here shows one of its wwkrre.ms-,,,ircannot lose a move. With the kings and the KRP as diograrnn1~4Rlack draws if his pawn i s on ils
vile of tho following squares: QR6 (as
shown), QR7 QKt7 0 7 , KB7, KK16, RKt7, or KR7, and if it is blocked by a knight.
K-R 3
37 &K3 38 K ,.,,,,,. $0
P-R7,
6. MINOR PIECE AND PAWN Y. TWO PAWNS
ns
K-Kt6 K-85 K ,,,,,,,,Kc6 K-RS K-Kt6
104 When both players haw a pasmd pawn White normally wins, his king supporting his own pawn, his piece hoIdine UD RIack's Dawn. ~ifxicu~;~ arises ady when Black's Pawn is veq advanced, wherc While has
This is normally might be e x p ~ t c d .
*
I : 65
it
won ending, as
105 Where them are no passed pawns White lorccs a blockade, drives offUIeck's king, and attacks and captures the pawns. K --Kt3 K--H4 2 B-K2 Not 2. KKt4? PB4 ch. Black's chief drwirtg resource is of coum an exchange of pawns.
6 hfINOR PIECE A N D PAWN
I1 MINOR PIECE kNUINCiS I . K-Q4 {I. KKt4 is profitlas) I .. K-R1 2. K-K5 P-W 3. K-Q6 P-Mt4.
Whitc wins
I
.
I07 When White has a RP with bislmp of the wrong colour he draws unicss Ire: bab ollm advantilgc5: his pimust Lw well advanced and Black's king unable to reach the queening square ; or there must be a Pavcrurable blockade. Black with thc move gcts to thc qriwning square. I ... P-Kt3 Keeping thc KtP ahead of the RP is n safe rub. 2 &K5 p.,'...-..R3 Not 2 . . . KBI ? 3. KB6. 3 %Kt3 P2.-.,,Kt4 p ...... ~t5. 4 I.'-R 5
u t 4 ) 4... K-B2
5 . BxP. submitting to a backwardpawn,White m a y even aliow Black into thc coma! 2. R-Kt6 (a simple win fotbws 2. KBS) 2 . . . K-RI 3. K-Q6 K-Rtl 4. X - 4 7 K-R1 5 . K,-98 #-Kt1 5. RL-Q4 P-Kt4 (ti. . KRI allows mate in three) 7. P r, P e.p., cond n g the moribund RP into a live
H 1... P-,,R3
WtP. ----
2 BxP 8-I32 If2... PKt3 3. PR5 KB2 4. KQ4 Kt13
5.
TWO PAWNS
K-I37
4 Kt-AS
5 Kt-,R4.
White captures the RP and retwns to thc king's side. With Black to play it tmkes fongef to prepart: this ma&vre, bcxause the !might annot lorn a move.
m.
3 K--44 3. KB5? PKt3 ch, 4. Pw P ch., incarcerating the bishop, draws; a mistake made by L-Paulscn in his game against Metpr, Nuremberg, 1888. 3 ... K.--B3 4 %Kt6 K-03 5 K--B4
K-I33 K ,,,,,,,.QZ If 6...KQ3 7. KKtS KQZ 8.BBZ. 7 K-B5 K--R I 8S R 7 K-I32 9 K---Kt5 R,,,.-.QZ 10 &Kt8 K-B 1 11 &R2.
Either blockade loss, 9... PQ4 10. KKt6 KQ3 I I. BR3, or 9... PB4 10, PQ5. It is much rl~esame with a knight, which in compact positions likc this is not infcrior to Lhc bishop.
5 K,--Kt4
I 0 6 Pawns nmrer the edw arc in consequence a better matcl~for the piwe, a fact almdy show^^ with the knight. The same applies to a bishop, although not in s o marked a degrm. An exchange is incviiable after
Whilc plays and wins Black plays and draws
This pawn decoys White either by 5. K 8 4 KB3 6. K x P KKt2, or 4. BB4 PKt6 6. RRS PKt7 7 . B x P KR2. White to play: 1 P-R5 Not 1. B x P ? PKtJ 2. B x P(BRt8) KBI.
Drawn
2..+KB2 3. B x P ) 3. K-R4 K-B3 4. K x P (1tat4. B x P ? PKtb 5, K x P
L,.
1 Kt-R4 K--88 I f I... KKX 2. KKJ KB8 3 KB3 KK8 4. K x P KK2 5. KB4. KQ3(QI) 5. KtKt2 ch., a fortunalt tadical resource. 2 K-I33 K-QS 3 Kt-46 K-KT
I
...
X K-B I If I . . . P-Kt3 2. (the point; not 2. B x PS KBI) 2... K--Bl &-,K5. If I ... P-Kt4 2. P-R6 P-Kt5 (attempting to d m y White's pieces, if
White wins
i ... R K 8 If I ... K,,,,-,88 2. Kt-R4 K,--Kt8 (2. RQ8 3. KtQ6 KK8 4. KtB5) 3. I08 Ueischrnann v. Mieses (Monte iC-2 K-R7 4. K--U2, duly giving Carlo, 1904).When BIack has an outside up lfie knight for the RP. Tkc game was gdtssad pawn White may have diRcutty agreed &-awn after 1. .. KBS 2. KtKt5 with the sh~rt~ranged knight, but may KKt7 3. KtQh KKt6, although White mmzt to win if the pawn is not too could still have won. daigcrous. 2 K-,,-.K3 K ,,,,,,,,Q8 Whitc cannot leave the knight (as he If 1. .. KB8 2. KB3 ECK8 3. KtS4. cwld a bishop) to take care of the 3 Kt,,,,-l34 K-B7 passed pawn, 1. KK3 KB8 2. RB3 4 K-Q4 K-Kt6 mt7 3. KtRtS KKt6 4. K xP RB5, 5 K-Q3 K-Kt5 because the need for a continuous series 6 Kt--K3 K-Kt6 of knight-movs leava him no time to 7 Kt .,,,,,,. BZ advance his own pawn, 5. KtR3 ch. KKt6 6.KtKtl KB7 7. KtR3 ch., etc. White gradrrally brings his king a r e f o r e White must stop the passed towards the RP, whilst keeping Bhck Pawn with his king, whilst the knight from thc king's side. Wards the KKtP. An alternative idea is 7... K-R7 tfae acrifice of the knight for the RP, 8. K-Q2 K-Kt6 If 7... K-Kt7 &us obtai~nga winning pawnqnding.
II MINOR PIECE ENDINUS
7 MINOR PIECE AND PAWN v. THREE PAWNS
& and cannot be driven bxk, 1. .. K - R ~ 2. 3-B7 ($0answer z.,.KKtS
9. K-,83
p-45 art: now comlly bY 3. BQ5* for if 2- 'Q6 KKt5 3h KK3 plrtced, and continued defensive play is 4. KB2 PB5 ilK5 Kw 6-33Kt7 hoplms: 9 . . KKJ 10. BBS K W 1 If. Kg5) 2... K,-,,,,-R43. K,,,--KJ hi--Kt5 . p ~ t d K K 12, ~ 8 13. 3 KW ~ fCK3 ~ P,-B4 4. B-K16 P-'B5 KK13 14. BKt6 KA1 IS. BQ8 ~ h KK13 .
1
54
2 K-Kt5
B--Q4 K-U5. 1
...
pims
1
K--B5
I
2 &K1 mite3 bILop sakpirds his pawn,
16. RK5,
BLck herefore advances his pawns, a counter-ettack not to be underrated. 10 F X t l ih.
pQ5 decoying ihe bishop. Whit$ there fore regro~lp.
f 5 %Kt7
I6 K-K2
PICIY-b
...
1
...
1 '
70
P,,,-B5 P-B6 K B5
K-Kt6 K-85
...
...
K,--K3 K P-n4 4
The pawns fall to u, combuud apauli. There i s a naaral tendency lor White's king to go to thc same part of the bwrd 1 s BlacYs king, thus fdinghis %heme. Xz--Q6 ch. 16 . . . 17 K KJ p-47 If 17.- PXT7 8. X3Kt2.
White wins
3 K,-K1 K,-,,.K3 Not 2. Kt-R4 K - ( 3 3. Kt xi'? 4 Kt-K2 P X Kt 4. K X P P--RS 5. P-K6 K--03 ( 5 ... PRh? 6. PK7 P1t7 7. If 4. KtB? PM ch. 5. KK3 KB3. PR8::::::Q8. QR8 ch.) 6. K-R6, when 4 P-B4 ch. both players queen. 5 K-Q4 P-R4 2 K-Q4 6 Kt-.-BI 3 K-H6 p,,,,,,,.f35 If 6.KtKt3 PBS 7 . Kt x P KB2 trap4 Rt,,-R4 K-K5 ping the knight. 6 ... PR5 is also good. 5 KKP P-I36 6 K B3 I 6 KtxP, 7 K-K3 The sacrifice of the piccc for a winning White w a ~ t sto answer the threatenetl , pawn-ending is a well known theme. PKtS by Ka4, firmly blocking thc After q m ~ i n Black g falls into a mating pawns with his king. nct, 6 . . . K x Kt 7. KB5 PR5 8. PRB PR6 9. PK7 PR7 10. PI3 -.Q KKt7 K-- K4 7 ... K B3. 11. KKt4 PRB-Q 12. QK2 ~ h KKt8 . 8 Kt-Q3 cb. 13. RKt7, Exampie 306. If While l e r n ~ r i Black ,~ maintains the status quo,"but rntrsl not try and 313 Xf Black kds a pa:r of united f o m matters, for afterg. KB3 PKt5 ch.? p a d pawns White usually wins if t h y 10. KB4 Whitewins. If White tries anything Black soon arc neither loo forward nor too far forces a pawn exchange, 9. KQ4 PKtS away, and if hc ha? a bishop, ns in this 10. KtR4 KKt4 11. KK3 PRS $2. position by Avcrbach, 1954 Under favourable circtimstanccs a KtKb ch. KB3 13. KtQ4 RRt4 14. KtK2 PR6 and now IS. RB2 PB5, or knight might also win, but a draw would be more likely. 15. KtB4 PKt6. X B-32 112 Kashdan v. Ffuhr, Hamburg, Yrevcnting ... KKt6. I. %R2?isIas 1930. If a blockade already aktr (or can clear, lor Black's king ways on his fifth
.
White plays and wins
!L-,.B4 2 ,.. Blad's king has a choice of dcfeoaes: it mny harass White's pawn, as now; or support his own passed pawns as later. Thcre is no such countewhy after 2. .. KKt5 3. KK5 K R4 4. KB5 PR4 5 . PKt4 ch., blocking and thereby safeguarding his pawn. 3S K 3 K-K3 4 &,-K:8 K-H4 5 Si37 K-Kt3 White is tempo-manauvring. I f now
s... KK7
.
The noma1 winning method foiiows, the kidg supporting the KKtP, the bishop blocking Black's pawns.
A. PKt4.
%-a
K-,,,B4 7 K-,,,K3 K--K t5 B K-32 K-&f If 8... PQS 9. KK2 K34 10. KQ3 KK3 1 t . B85. 6
I
I l d When Rlack has three wired passed pawns, such a phalanx may well draw against a knight. Por a bishop however there arc g m d winning chances if the pa- are not beyond the r e c ~ d or third mnk, but a probabb draw if they BE farther forward. There are r ~ r d yany winning prospar9 for Rlack, l m l a White overreache himlf.
I
1 -. P-I% 2 P-Kt4 P,,-Kt3 If Z.. PKt4 3. BK3 KQ3 4. FKt5 PKtS, and them foltows a sacrifice, 5. B x P ch. K x B 6, PKt6 PKt6 I . nq:.
1 8-44
X I MINOR PIECE ENDINGS A blockade also foltows 3. .. PI35 4. BQ2 PR4 5 . BB3 PR5 6.BKt4. 4 L B 7 P-Kt3 5 &-Kt6 P-B5-If5 KQ3 6,PKtSPKtS 7.BxPch. 6 B-R5. The r a t is easy, thc bishop making tempo-mow if necessary. 6 . . . KB3 7 . KB4 KKt3 8. PKt5 KKtZ 9. K85 KB2 10. PK16 ch. KRtl l 1. KRd KBI 12. PRt7 ch. KKtl 13. BKe4. Rtack with the move avoids a fatal
7 MINOR MECE AND PAWN v. THREE PAWNS
block the enemy pawns, so he f r w his bishop from thc n w d of defending tllc KKtP, for if 2. UB3 ch. KBS 3. BKI PR4, or if 2. PKt4 PI34 3. XPK3 PKt4. If 2. P-Kt3 P-B4 3. I&-84 cR. K.-+ 4. P-Kt4 P--Kt4 5. P-K15 P-R5 ch. 6. K-B3, Black draws by 6... K-K3. He must avoid the fiendish trap 6,..PR4? 7. PKt6 PKrS ch. 8. KRt2 KKJ 9. BKtS, whm his king dare not move whilst the pawns, having to do so, fall like ninepins, 9... PKS 10. BR4 PR6ch. 11. KR2 PB6 I2.KKt3, I f 2. L K 3 P-R4 3. P-Kt3 P-R5 4. B,,-H4 ch. K-N4 5. B x P (5. BBl P34) 5.. . P-R6 6. R-B3 (6. BKt6 PR7 7. BQ4 KKtS) 6... P-Kt4 7. K-Kt3 P-,Kt5 8. B-Q6 K-Kt5, White's king is on thc wrong side of the bard. 2 .., P-B4 3 K-R3 A check teavcs the bishop badly placed, 3. BB3 ch. KIM, or 3. I'Kt4 PKt4 4. BB3 ch. KK3. 3 . .. P-Kt4
-
...
blockade.
br advacced they we, foirr pawns tend to be somewhat better than a minor
315 Black's b a t chances occur wwnhis pawns are widely spread.
piecc and pawn.
Zf advanced they may defcat a knight
a d pawn, otherwise they draw. As usual
bishop is stronger, and may win if Black's pawns are far hack. I n the ending Thomas v . FIobr, ~ a s t i n g i 1935-36, , White's king is badly placed outside the square of Rlack's p w d pawns, yct the p m c should h drawn. 1 B-42 Controlling the advanm o f tfme QRP snd OP from one diagonal, Kl-QRS. fitomas lost after I. KQ%?PR.8 2. PKt4 pR5 3. PKtS PQ6 4. KK? PK6,Black aueninn first.
8. MINOR PIECE AN13 PAWNS v . PAWNS
126 In the preceding examples Black's defcncc hinged upon the cxchange of White's last pawn. If White has two cf more pawns his prospects are therefore a grrnt deaf better. Xn general two pawns will not then be suficient cornmwation for the niece. K''-K3
>
1
I
The second phase, forcing some kind
Preventing the enemy king's advance, fur the time being. Black's king must be within rmch of the KKtP, yet able to assist his own pawns. If he at once plays I ... KB4 2. KR3 KKtS? then after 3. KBZ PB4 4. PKt3 PKt3 5. BB4
...
K,-03
Thc a tternpt to force a q w n , S. KKt4 PKt5 6.KRS? fails bemuse BIack does so fiwt, 6 . . PKtG 7. BR1 PB5 8. BKt2 K34 9. BB3 PR4.
.
his unsupported
vawns am soon Hocked. After 1... p-B4 2 . - . ~ - ~p-Kt4 4
1.
If 4. BB4 ch. KK3. 4 S P-Kt4
I
7. KB5 PRS i s even dangerous for B-W 34. P,,,-,,KtdP-Kf J Whik 5. K-B5 P-.M 6. P-Kt5 (6. K36 7 , P,,-Ktb FKt6 7. RBI PBS 8. BKt2 KIM) 6... 8B-431. P-Kt6 7 . %BI P,-BS 8. B,,--Kt2 R - K ~ 9 . ~ - ~ t b,,,,,-p~5 1 0 ,..,,,,.KC ~ BIackdrawsaftfl8...PB5 9 . B K t 2 ~ - 4 211, p-Kt6 p - n ~ 12. B p PR5 10. KBS KK2 J I . KKt6 KVZ; p-KG, mitt:Qumnsfirst, althou& it afkr 8.,. KK3, whcn White cannot do more than liquidate all the pawns, is doubtful whether he can win. 9. BR3 PBS 10. BKt2 PR5 11. KQ4 2 K..-K3 RR4. M%ite7'shlocbda is not effective, Whik7's first task i s to atlack and Black's pawns k i n g too br forward.
11
72
A
...
of pawn weakness. Black will have to move his KKtP. 4 ... P-+Kt4 As weaknesses will be induced anyway, Black takes the bull f>y the horns, and advances his queen's side pawns in
4 B,,,,,,K3
Whitc plays m n id wins Black plays and draws
The first phase, centralizing the pieces. 1 K,-Q2 2K t 4 3 K-Q3 J R-K4 B-E4 4 Kt,,.,,-B4
an attempt to get coirntarplay. 5 Kt-KS P-Kt3
White plays and draws Black plays and wins
1 ... K-"6 2 &RS K-K7 3 K-Kt7 P-Q6 I f 3 ...KB6 4. K x P K x P 5. KKt6 pB4 6. KB5. 4 KxP P--,Q7 5 BxP KxB 6 K-Kt6 K-R7 7 K-RS K-B6 KxP 8 K-QS 9 K-,K5. Much depends on where the pawns me. Wilh the move a rapid advance wins for Rlack, h a u s e Whitc's king is out of the play, I... PR4 2. KQ6 PRS 3. KK7 PQ6 4. K x P PR6, etc. to how widely 8 w or i 73
6 Kt,,--B4 P-QR4 If6 ... PKt5 7 . RtQ3 PQK4 8.PQKt3, or if 6.. , PB5 7. KQ4. 7 P-KKt4
White wins
9 MINOR PIECE A N D P A W v. MINOR PIECE
4 BxP 5 K-uK6
K-K5
R-B5
6 B---Q6 ch. Although 6.BK7 drives Black from the drawing m a , Whik's pieces are not so pIaced that they can keep him out. 6
...
Kt4
,,,,,,,,.
Noi 6... KKS? 7. BRZ, for in this way Black can be f o r d permanently out of the drawins area, 7.. RQS 8. KQ6 RB5 9. KBG KKtd 10. BQ6 KB5 11. BB5. 7 K-45 K-B 3 8 K-BS R-K3 9 K-Bh K-B2. A draw follows 10. K-Kt5 K-K3 (10. KKI? K x P 1 1 . KQ2 KKt5) 11. K x P KxB. X t bas h e n stated that four pawns am gcaefally a Iittle superior to a minor piace and pawn. However, w h the= arc more pawns on the board the piece is about equal in vafuc to t h m pawns. For instance, an ending with minor piece and two pawns v. five pawns is normally drawn. If either sida has a positional advantage he may win: if the enemy pawns are or can be blocked, the minor piece may lead to victory; but if the player with the pawns has them welt advaned and mobile, then he will
.
Black will try to give up his piwe fur the pawd, irtd will succeed, e ~ c e p lagainst an advanced RI' of KtP, if his king i s not too far off. But if the defending king is o n the far side of thc h a r d , then there are somehmes winning chanca for an rmmovcd Kt? or RP, or for a wett a d v a n d BP or Cent~cP. As to the pawn, the nearer the edge the betrer, the KtP and RP having the best prospects. Fim.Iy, a% to the piece, the bishop is stronger than the knight m these open positions. F . n d i n ~ with hishnps of opposite colour arc treated @pa*ately, Examples 174-188.
If0 For White the least iauoumble prrnutation of p i w s is Kt t-P v. B. Black mostly draws if his king is not too PATaway. The most favou-able pawn is the RP or KtP, and this cr.tlcal posilton with RP on the seventh relates to Example 99.
combating an cnemy superiority of
9. MINOR PIECE ANXI PAWN v . MINOR PIECE The position of Black's king i s of first importance in this ending. if it blocks the pawn a draw is normal. Otherwise
/
121 Even when Bkick's king i s as far away as it can bc White has winning only when the pawn is well dvanccd. As a rough guidc this r-rcansa T(P on the fourth as in Example 244, 1 a KtP on the fifth, a BP an the sixrh as ! jn this exurn2le by K ~ s e k ,1910, or a &nccs
a n t r e P on the seventh. I Kt-QC B-Kt8 2 P-B6 RKr3 3 K-K6 B-82 Om long diagonal (Black's QKtlKR?) and nr short divponal (QlJJR4) intersect on QB2, across which the pawn bas yet to move. Ihe result is targcly dcfcrnlincd by the length of the shortcx diagonal, and here fwr squares i s not soflicicnt for the
2
White plays and wins Black plays and draws
Kt-R4 L R 4 10 Kt-Kt2 K-KS I f Kt-w. The kf.ight on QB4 chases away the bishop. Btack to play may control this vimf square with hts king:
it; ,,,,,,Q6 P--,BC
:
K-Kt7 %-Kt8 B-...Kt3 R 8 2 &-Kt1 K-B7
K1-""K8 bishop which is tvcntually drivca: away. The king must choox his roure careX f for instance the pawn had yet tn cxoss ft~lly. After 6 . . . K,,-,-88? 7, Kt-B7 White's 486, in wkidl case the shorter I K-,K7 (he runs into an awkward check diagonal has fiw squares, the bishop on this square, but if 7... BR2 8. KtR6 #uid hold it back. RKt3 9. KtB5 KK7 10. KtR4 BK4 Pawns nearer tlie edge of the board 11, KtKrZ and Black" kkig cannot pkay have bcttcr chances of winning hcavsc to 06) 8 . K-B8 L . R 2 9. Kt-KG the diagonals arc thcx shorter, and the . B-B7 (9... BRt3 IO. KKt7 RR4 f 1. defending bisllop projmriionately less KRS) 10. Kt-B4 ch. I C - 4 6 1 1 .
probably win. The relative merits of iRa knight and MsRop when oppostyl to one another haye b n debated for many y a w ; but the% is no doubt that the bishop is a superior alternative to the knight when pawns, and wpcciaIIy when those pawns arc widely spaced. Only in blocked positions is the knight sometimes a superior piece as in Example 11 8, bur even iherc a hishop of thc right color~r would do as much.
121
3 Ktch, K-B2 me knight cannot Ime a move; and hvifig to play neiiher can Black: I ... Q2 If 1... RR8 2. KtKt7 cb. scretning thc pawn's advance. 2 Kt-Kt7 K -83 K ,,,,,,,.B2 3 RxB 4 Kt*.
effective. 4 K--Q7
White plays and draws Black plays and Insa
BIark plays to a square the same colour as thar on which the knight stands. 2.,. KBZ? loses ro 3. RtQ6.
B-Ktl 5 Kt-K8 K ,-,'Kt7 6 Kt-B7 H-R2 If h... K,,,-.-Bh 7 . K-B8 R-,R2 8. Kt,-Kt5 &,,,,,,,Kt3 (8.. BK6 9. KtQ6 BKt3 10. KtM nKt8 11. KQ7) 9. Kt-,,q6 K--K7 10. Kt-T34 driving off bishop, 10... BB7 l l .KQ7 BKth 12. PTtQ6. 7 Kt-R6 B-Kt3 8 Kt-B5 K-- -86
.
1
K-KO. 7 Kt-B7 B-R2 8 Kt -R6 A cyclic rcpeiltion follows 8. KB8 BQ5 9. KtKtS HK4 IO. KQ7 UKtl I I . KtA7 BR2. If 8. KtKi5 BKtl. 8.,. R-Kt3 9 Kt-B5 K-K6 10 Kt,,,,,,,R4 b R 4 11 Kt-Kt2 K-QS. Preventing 12. Kt-EM.
9 MINOR PIEtX AND P A W v. MINOR PIECE
122 R h v s k y
Rassolirn~.Amsterdam, 1950. Rt+P v . Kt is ;a more favowable arrangcmnt OF pieces for White, and the RP is then much bhe strongest pawn. Here White wins with a RP on the fourth. I ... Kt-K3 ch. 2 K,-B6 Kt-% 3 P-R5 Kt-K5 ch. 4 K-B7 K--B6 In the game, Black lost after 4 . . KtKt4ch.? 5. KKt"lRK5 6. PR6 KH4 7 . RtB8 Kg15 8. KKtB KR5 9. KtQ7 KKtS 10 K t K S ch. KBS 11. KtB7 KtK3 12. KB6 KlBl 13. KKt7 KtR3 ch. 14. KKt8. v.
KR4; but if 9. KKtB KtKt4. 7 ... K ,,,,,,,,,R4 Or 7 . . . KtR3 ch. 8. KB6 KtU1 9. KB7 KtR2 10. KKI7 KrKt4 1 1 . K--Rth K l ,,,,K3 12. KrKl8 Ktfll ch. 13. KB7 K t R 2 14. KKt7 KtKt4 IS. KtH3 ch. KB5 I6. K K t t KtK3 17. KtQ7 KtKt4 18. KtK5 ReK3 19. KtR7. The method is the same, here, in the game, and as follows. 8 Kt,--Kt8 Kt-K3 ch. 9 g,,,,,-~7 ICt,,b,Kt4~ h . 10 K-B6 Kt---R2 cb. 11 K--Kt7
16 17 18 19
Hack plays and draws
BZack's knight holds back the pawn by moving on the 'circuit' KKt4, K3, KR1, and K R 2 Whiie'r knight plays via RRt8, KBS, 47, and K5 t o RD7, thus controlling Black's KRt.1 and interrupting the circuit. From l:me to time White's knight guards thc pawn, thus making it possibfa for his King to rnovc frcxly, and to gain time wbifst avoiding harassment from thc black knight. 7 Kt--KT 7.KtK5 ch.? KR4 8. Krn7 KtK3 ch.
9. KR7 KtS2 draws (Reti). The pawn is btocked and Black frees his knight, threatening checks at KI, KB3, and
Kt-Kt4
12 Kt-R6 ch. K ,,,,,,,,,R5 13 K-Kt6 Kt--K J 14 Kt-Q7 Ki-Kt4 Or 14 ... RtB5 ch, 15. KB7 KR4 IG. PR7 KrKt3 17. KKt7 KKt4 18. KtKS. I5 Kt-,-K5 Kt-K3 Kt
R7
K-,,,,,B6 K-Kt7 K-Kt8.
K---Kt fi
Kt-R1 Kt-,,,-R3ch.
Biack's bishop cannot be driven off the diagondl Qf -QK4. The Ieagth of this diagonal is the critical faciu:, and h u r squares is just suffcient. Whitc plays and wins A tempmove, for if 3. PB4? KKtl 4. PBS KK1 5. KB7 KiKt4 ch. 6. KtxKt stalemate; or if 3. KB7? KtKt4 ch. 4. KK7 Kttl6. 3 ... R-Ktl 4 P-B4 K-R I S K-B7 Kt-Kt4 ~ h . 6 PxKt.
124 Whitet$prwpwts with bishops
I n general a KIP is not so favourable, although it has =me winning charms; but zgtinst a BP oar QntreP the defending knight opemtes at full strength on either side of it, and in wosaquenm usually draws. Whm Black's king is on the far side of the board White has wiraiag chams with an unmoved RP, or anot too backward KIP; but bas charms with B BP w Centre P uniy if it is already far
advand.
arc? wmewha~better still. If the defend-
ing Iring is ucable to Mock the pawn hut ran attack it from the rear, then White wins with a pawn at R5, R6, Kt6, or Kt7; sometimes wins with a pawn at KtS, BS, B6,B7, w a Gntrc pawn on the sixth or seventh; hut draws if the pawn is farther back, or at R7. Thc KtP is the strongest, fallowed by RP,BP and Centre P in that order. Here a rook's pawn on the fourth d~itws.
BKt2 5. DQY. 3 12 B1 4 %Kt5
B-.Kt2 B-31
Black is now in mgmang. Xf S... BR6 6. PR6, cr if 5 . . . KB5 6. BKt7. A RP on the sixth will win; but if the diagram position is moved up two rank3 (RPon wcnth) Whik draws bocausc! he Iongno has diagonal. means of opposing bis:?opson the
a]#
@neralzations a b u t knights becrtuse if one i s badly placed several moves may be needed for regrouping.This study is Kt-R2
2 Kt-TCG A great weakness of the knight: if on the edge of the board it may b o r n e trap&. 2 K-R 1
.. .
3 P-B3
Whitc wins
If 2... RQ2 3. BB1 BBJ 4. BKt5
5 R-R6.
123 Thee are w~ptions to
by Nalberstadt. X Kt-B4
125 Centurini, 1856. A RP on the firth wins because the critical diagonal has only rhrcc sqmra.
Drawn
126 A KtP on the fifth draws if Btack has the direct opposiiion, which with the move he takes, I K-Kt6 2. B-Kt6 &Kt4 3. &B2 (3. KRt7 KRS 4. KB6 KKt6 S. BBS BQI 6.BQG
9 MINOR PIECE AND PAWN v. MINOR PIECE
XX MINOR PIECE ENDINGS 1 &B7 2 P--R4
B-B7 .&K8 B.,,,-Q7
3 &K16 4 3-45
%-Re
Fo~;cd,btxausc 5. BKt4 is threatened, but now White gains a lital tcrnpo by attacking the bishop on this swam. 5 K,--W K-A7 6 K,--.KtS xt-Q1 7 B-Kt&. And the pawn goes through.
situated White's prospacts arc somewhat
htter. The RP is strongst, followed by KtP, BP,and Centre P,in that ordcr. As before, Black draws if his king blocks the pawn, uniess his b i g h t can be trapped on the c d p of tht: board. With Black's king attacking from the rcar a RP on the sixth or w e n t h wins, but an t h Afth it may be held, as in this position from a game played in I,lolland,
As s h m by Dehler (1922) White can this crucial position only if it is W s move.
1953.
I &-KC8 K-BS 2 K-Kt6 K-Q5 In this kind of ending White cannot shield the pawn's advance, as he does whcn Rlack has a bishop; nor can he challenge the knight when it is on a syuafe of the wrong calour. White's chief weapon is zugzwang, which comes about after 2... KKtS? 3. BKtS, for the knight, unabfe to lose a move, must forego control of QR3. 3 I%--37 Kt-Q2 ch. This and his next move draw off White's king, SO that Black's may approach. If 3... KtR5 ch? 4. KB6 KtM 5 , KKtS squeezing out the knight. 4 K-B6 4. KB7 KtR4 5. KB6 KtR3 6. RKt6 KtKzCtl wmcs to the same thng. 4 ... Kt-.Kt{ ch. 5
132 Grigoriev, 1931, shows how a KtP an t11c foufth may win w11c11 the
Drawn 2 ... 3 B-Kt4 4 B-,-B8 5 BxP G B -...RG 7 KXB
%,,,,,Kt7
3-K5 B-Kt7
33--.I31
nxn
K-RZ(B3).
131 Wlzcn Slack's king is Far behind, White has winning chances with an unmoved RP, as shown by Cheron (1956).
With thc move Black draws by I... nKt3 2. PR4 LlQl 3. BQ6 flKt3 4, BK7 BB2 5 . BB5 BQI 6.KB4 KR7 7 . KKtS KKt6, Example 124. White to play circumvents this
defence.
enern) king is far away. 1 B-Q5 K-Kt4 U I... BKt4 2. KQ4 KKt4 3. KT35 BR3 4. BR4. 2 R--H4 Thc bishop shields tho pawn's advanx.
2 ... B-Kt5 Xf Z... JIBS 3. PKt5 KB3 4. RKt4 KK2 5 . KR5. 3 P-Kt5 K-R3 4 ?-Kt6 B-- ,331 114 EEBB 5. KQ4 BKtZ 6. BQ5. 5 K,--44 K-K2 6 K.- 3 5 K--Q2 7 B-Kt5 ch, K-Ql If 7 .. KK2 8. KB6 KQ1 9. BB4. 8 K-B6 The continuation given by Fine, 8. RQS? BKt2 8. rlQ7 BKt7 i0. BK6 8Rt2 I I . KBS, draw, for after 1I . . . BB6 12. BQS Black is not forced to exckange bishops but plays 1 Z... BK7 13. PKr7 KB2. 8 ... &Q2 ch. U 8... BR6 9. KKf7 as in the text. 9 K-Q6 B-HX I f 9... B-84 (9 B x B 10. $'Kt71 10. P-Kt7 L R 1 11. P-Kt8::::;B. the only mow, 11 H--w 12. B--& ch. K-Bl 13. G R 6 mate.
..
...
U'Ilite plays and wins Black plays and draws
...
White plays m n id wins 11 . . * L R 3 If1 I... BB6 12. BQSBxB 13. K x B , Example 13.
13 B--X1Q
R-334
14 K-Kt'?
B - - K S dl. g--Q2
15 K-R7
I5 L R 6 17 %-Kt7 18 &B3 19 B--Kt4.
K--Q3tQI) 3344 I%-BI
Finishing with the customary scrifim --BItlck's bishop must have h e short
ewraat.
..
Black to play draws by 1 . KKt4, "wiftly gctfitg his king back, or by I... BQ8 2. PKt5 BR5. With a BP or Centre P not kyond mpectively the fourth or fifth rank, a is unlikely even though the defcnd1Il& king is atrsent. I3ehlcr's position (see -Ye 11) is drawn except with the KtP, k clear from Example 129.
9
133 B+P v. ~t cornpara with B+ v- B; but if the knight i s awkwardly
Drawn
83
II MINOR PGCE ENDINGS
10 MXNOR PIECE AND TWO PAWNS
1,.
MINOR PIECE
A tempo manauvrc. 9
Black to ptay is caught on the wrong An attack on two fronts, the knight from base and the king froin the reor. 7 K-Kt6 K ,,,,,,,.~ f i 8 K-Kt? K ,,,,,,,,Ki5.
134 A somew1~atsimilar attack
0x1
two fronts usuaily draws agiinst a centre pawn, as here with Whte la play:
1 &-B7 ch. Xf I.
BR5 KB4.
I ... K --B3 Not I . . . KIM? 2. BK5. 2 B-K8 ch. K- Q4 Again not 2... K 3 4 ? 3. BR5. 3 B-K5
K---a
On the critical diagonal (White's KR5--K8) the squares used by the bishop, KRS, KB7, and KS, correlate r e s p I i v d y to the squam used by Black's k,ng, QB4, QR3, and Q4; and neither player can lose a move. 4 R-43 This a d d s the cyclic reptition, but when the bishop leaves the diagonal in qumtion, the knight can harass White's king.
foot.
'The bishop changes diagonats with a check.
...
3 K-,,B4 (K4) 4 &K4. Thc knieht on the edge of the b a r d i s trapped. If the gositsition of this diagram wcre moved to the left (White QBP cr QKtP) the critical diagonal is longer, and the bishop can lose a move and outrnanceuvre Black. On the other hand White also wins if the diagram position were moved two files to the right (White KBP) &cause then the knight is trapped in the corner. If Black's knight were here at QR4 or QKt3 he would draw with or without the Move. There a x few examples showing
Black's king on the Tar side of the board, but it seems that White's chances are not less promising than with B+P v. B, and that an unmoved RP, or a KtP on Ihc
fourth, inight win in comparabfc circum-
stances. 10. MINOR PIECE AND TWO PAWNS v. MXNOR PIECE In all normd circumstances the pawns win. Black snrnetirnes draws if the pawns cannot be dcfendde; if he can establish a blockade; or when While has a bishop of the wrong colour for a RP.
139 In this study after B~rtlcr,1889. White's bishop is bxdly placed.
White plays and draws Black plays and t o w
1 P-I36 Afkr 1. RRS RQ2 2. KKtS Kt33 the j I knight sfiuttlm to and from QB3. This
...
S K I
I0 B-Kt3 B-Q2 Black's KI -QRS diagonal is too short, and lfle bishrtp is forcd to play to {his square. 11 I S - 4 5 &R6 Black is in zugmang, if I 1 ... #K1 12. BB6.
12 K--B6
K-B3 I3 K--BY. Not 13. PQ7? KK2, hut after the textDrawn ! move Black $uses his bishop for the Q P . Black to play prevents an eflmtive End of blockade always draws except when the knight is on the edge of the outflanking movement: board or on the second rank, where, not I ... 13-K1 having a suejcient choice of squares for 2 K-Q3 its oscillatiow, it will be trapped. White cannot outflank nn the king's 1 ... side, if 2. KB2 KR5. Both pawns now faII. 2 .., B-Kt4 ell, White's king must not bt. allowed to play to QB4. 3 K-B3 B-K7 Compare 5rample 1.10 f o ~another 4 K--Kt4 K Q3 m c whcw the pawns cannot Ire held. 5 K-.R5 &Kt5 6 K-Kt6 1F-Q2 7 R-Kt7 B Kt5 136 White nlust try I O Puppurt the 8 K . -R6 B-K7 ch. advance of the more forward pawn, here the QP. Not 8 . . Bnl ch.? 9. KRt5 BQ2 ch. 10. KR4 KK4 1 I . KX3S. 1 K--Q3 E--K 1 2 K-64. B-Q2 9 K-Kt7 H--RtS 3 K-,,,-.,BS B--RS 10 K-Kt6 L O 2 4 P-Qfi Q2 5 &B3 8-R5 If 5 . . , 8 K 1 White may offer a piece, 6. 3K5,and if: G . . . BQZ 7. BKt6 BR5 8. BB7 as in th- tcnl-play. 5 B- K2 hstcad, While o&rs a pawn. 6 ... n-- QZ I f 6 . . , K x P 7 . &KtS. 7 L Q 3 C -KI 8 a434 I?-R 5 u8... K X P 9. BQ5ch. KK4 ID.BBh. White piays and wiKs 9 B--R2 Black &ys and draws
K-w
.@Bqg#
H hl1NOR PIECE EhTXNGS Hot 10...BBI? 11. KKt5. 1 11 P-K5 ch. KxP 12 K-B7 B-KrS 12 Not 10... BRS? 13. PQ6 KQS 14. BB6. 3 3 $5--Q6 K.-Q5 14 B-36 8-84. If the diapam position were moved two files to the left Whits would win even without the m o v ~ ,either by out- ( flanking on the king's side, or by advancinp the KtP to Kt6 as Examplo 127. Otherwise a blockade with pawns on the fourth and fifth generally draws. win dependS on a saLTifice, of cithr a pawn or the Mshop, and a blockade with pawns farther back thcrcfore draws; whilst if they a~ farther forward White wins in most cast.s. In a genera! way the two pawns win without any real diffkuities, regardlas of the k i d of minvr pi%w on cillrer side. When White ha?a bishop he should avoid placing both his pawns on squares of the same dolout as those controlled
I0 MINOR PIECE A M 3 TWO PAWNS
his tracks) S... R,-K4 6. Kt-K2 7. P........KtS K-B4 8. Kt-Kf.3 ch. K-,.f35 (dse White! pfays KKt4)
1 SIC2
1
11
9. P-Kt6. 1
...
K-Kt4
2 K-33 If 2. KtK6 ch. K x P.
. . *
B,,,,,,,,R4
Xn ttrc game a draw was agreed hew.
3
+
-
4 ~-84 5 K-B~
R-R3 8-Kt5
B,,,,,~K~ Not 5. ..RQT? 6.KtB4 cutting ofTthe bi"hop.
by his bishop.
137 Vajda v. Alekhine, Kecshemet, 1927. B v. Kt-tRP-t-KtP is for Black
relatively favourabla assortment of White plays and wins and pawns. 6 Kt-BZ K R 6 1 P-RS? 7 Kt-K4 B-Kt5 We have examined the knight's blockNot 7... BK2? 8. KtBGthe other ade of bishop and pawns, and the b l x h d e when both sides have bishops. way of cutting olf the bishop. Xt b also pussibla for the bishop to 8 Kt,-Kt5 blockade a knight and two pawns, as in If 8. Kt,--BS L Q 7 4. Kt-Q5 B-,the following play. in this care a blockade i s bat avoided Kt4 (9... BR4? 10. PRtS ch. K x P by kwping at least one pawn on a square 11. PKt6). 8 .,. B,--R6 OF thr: same colour as thost controlled 9 K t 4 3 7 cR. K-,-Kt2 by the enemy bishop. FIert: this means 10 R--K6 L B S advancing the KtP first, I . Kt-Kt2 I I P-K6&. K-Kt3 (nmvcntinp 2. KRS) 2. st
pi-
l3-K2 ~:K.-.-.K~~-&QI (3. .. BQ3 ch. 4. KtB4 ch. KB3 5 . RB3 KK4 6 . PKt5 KB4 7. KtK2) 4. ICt.,-,,B4~ h R-R3 . (4 KR3 5. KtK6 BK2 6.PKtS ch.) 5 . K-R3 (not 5. PKtS ch.? KB4 6. KtR3 BKZ, and White is stopped in
...
Xf I t . FHEt5 B x P . I1 K-Kt 3 12 K-K7 &--Q7 13 K-I38 BxPch. S e afso Example 150.
In passing it may be noted that in the
v.
M M R PIECE
12. S K P K-Kt2
K-B4
,&in@ K$+2 P v. Kt tho defcndu can (12.., KK2 13. PR6 K83 14. PKtl d s sustain a blockade. 1 8 n P 15. K r B . Example 100) 13. 138 A fine
analysis by Cheron,
I
14. &-&Kt6 B-,,K7 ch. K-Kt1 16. K-&+ B-.Q8 17. B-K4 L K 7 18. B.,,-83, when the Kil" advances after all. P-tCt4 L R J I f 9,.. BR4 1% P x B KBJ 11. PRG K 8 2 12. SR7, Example I#. K-Kt5
3.-,,Q6
IS. P-R6
3945, shows the correct play when the shop is ofthe wrong cotour for the RP. Black will try to sacrifice his bishop for the KrP, whilst White in his turn must shield its advance wit11 his bishop. 1 ... S R 6 2 P-Kt3 K--B3 B-B2 Bb-Rd ch Lf 2... KR3 3. DBI BKt5 4. PR4 K Q5 BB$ 5. KBZ RKi5 6. KK3 I3K3 ?. KB4 zugiwang, if 12... BK1. B Q ~g. BQ3 HK6 y. BBS, the bishop shietds the advanceof tRe RtP 9. BB8 .ch. 14. KR5, or i f 10. PK[4 BK7 11. PKtS 'ch. "KR4 followed by PR5. 12. KKt3. K-K4 3 B-B1. R K 3 K-K.3 15 K,,--B4 R-B2 4 R-B2 K-R4 16 B-35 s-8 5 Ku-K3 U,-,"Q2 I 7 B-Kt4 a-B7 6 P-R4 B Kt5 18 P-RS a--Qs 7 B-KZ %-K3 19 B,-,,,B5 8 -3 B-KT 20 P-R6 &R4 White next kiss to gct his king te K W . 23 K-KS K--ZPI If 8. ? K-I34 Black estabfishcs 22 K-B6 K-Kt 1 his king at KKt4, and the pawns are 23 B-,ICd ch, K-R t Mack4 after 9. BQ3 ch.KKt4 10. BK16 24 &R7 S--Q8. BKt5, or 9. KQ4 BB2 10. BQ1 RKI WIGlt: rrialus i r ~Four. 11. K Q ~~1 3 2ch, 12. KQB ~ n 313, White atso wins if Black has a knight KQ7 KKI4. instead of a bishop in this ending. 8 ... B-I32 White threatened P-R5. The altema139 Black's only hope against distiw is 8.., &Kt5 9. R-Kt6 B-Q8 , cwnmted pawns i s that of feaving 10. P-XS R - 4 3 (dse 1 1. PRfr) If. 1 Whitc a rook's pawn with bisho~of the wrong cotour, but White can oftin avoid this. I R K I Tha c o m t plan b first to shield thn advance of the 'good' pawn as fat as possible. H the RP is moved up it becomes a Ifis effective decoy, Black capturing it sooner. 1. f K S ? BK7 2. BK8 RKtS brings about a position which occurred in the game Gaglidze r. Kaspafyal (Tiflis, 1929)3. KO8 KKR3 4. RQ7 B x P 5. PK6 KKt2 6. PK7 KBJ 7. BK8 B08 8. BB7 W i t e wins I (the bishop cannot at o m to KRS,
I
1X MINOR RECE ENDlNGS
and loses a vital tempo) S . . . BRS 9. BR5 KK4 10. BK14 KQ3. Another line is f . PRS? BK7 2. RK8 BKt5 3. KQ6 K R 3 4. H47 B x P 5. PK6 RKtZ 6. I'K7 ICB3 7.BR4 UKt3 8 . KQ7 RK4 9. KQ8 KQ3. In both varbtions Black bas time to capture the RP, and to rerurn and iiike the vertical opposition, as 13xamplc 129. 1 ... K-R3 If I . . . BKt5 2. RQ6 KR3 3. BQ7. I . . . BKtb 2. BRS KR3 3. HKt4 transpm.
KQ3
17.
15. BK8 BB7
11 M W R PlRt'P, AND TWO P A W S 16.
BB7 BRS
PRS.
12 K-Q7 KxP 13 K-Q8 K-Kt4 14 B- I36 K-H3 'The diagonal opposition here losa~, but ~f 14. .. BR4 i 5. BKE; BQ8 16. BH7 HR5 17. HK6. 15 B-K8 S B 7 15 B Rj &I25 17 B-.Kt.l K.--K4 18 S Q 7 . Mock allnost certainly draws against KDP+KITP with bishop of the wiung colour; but if instead rhe pawns were more widely spaced fe.y. QP $.KRP), then Whits wins mom amity. In the general case with disunited pawns Black will be forced to block one with his king and ihc other with his piace. Whitc takes his king over towards the enemy piece, whrch usually has to bc sacr~ficedfor the pawn it blocks.
140 Tairnmv v, Spassky, k n k -
&,
1952. T k defender usually bses
MINOR PIECE A N D P A W 1 K-BS K-K2 2 K-Kt6 K-B;
v.
3 K-R7 K-I32 4 P-KtS b B 6 If 4.. BQ3 5 . PR4 BKt6 6.PR5 BR5
g & kiog cannot block the pawns, but an ingenious counter-auack. draw.
.
K t - 4 K-It4 2.,. K t x P 3 . K x P a l s o h w . Kt xP 3KMtl 4 Kt-B3 P--K$ 1 K-Kt6
7. .Kt6 ch. EC83 8. KtKS, threabning PR6. 5 P-R4 '&--Kt7 If 5... P--Kt3 (5 KK3 6. KKth) 6. Kt,--R2 (thmtcning 7. KtKt4 and
Z K-B?
...
7,P-RS. B-46 7 Kt,--R4 S Q 7 El* White plays KtHS and Kt xP. K-33 8 F-Kt6 ch. 9 Kt--RS KtR6) 6... &K8 6 P-R5
White plays and draws White wins
2 K B6 If 2 , KQ6 BKt6 3. BB6? promaturely ceding the decoy pawn, thtn 3 . . . KR4
4. BQ5 BB7 5. PK6 RxPdraws. Instcad White mnauvres his bishop to the better square KK14, and when he finally gives up h e RP hc gains a tclnpo on the above variation. 2 ... 13-Kt5 3 &Kt6 B-,.QZ 4 S-,.OS B-R5 5 &Kt4 R-Kt6 6 K-K7 B-I35 Black can onfy mark time whilst White regroups his king. 7 K-Q6 H-Kt6 8 &B3 ,,,,,,,,~5 9 -5 B-46 10 p,,,,,,,.Kfi &Kt3 11 P,,,,-K7 R-44 This fails by a tcmpo, but if II ... KKtZ 12, ICQ7 KBJ 13. KQ8 KK4 14. BB6
11. MINOR MECE A N D TWO PAWNS ti. MINOR PIECE AND PAWN Urilike + f ~~vr~q~drdtrle c paw11 endlrlg:, nos. 35-63, a draw is normal whcn there is no passed pawn, and wken the defending king is present; it is then of littic consequence whethcr one kas a bishop or a knight. Xn a general way White h a winning p r o s w t s only if he bas a passed pawn. When this 1s three or mox hies away from {he othtr pawn then the bishop is superisr to the knight; and the farther away the p a d pawn the greater the superiority of the bishop. The knight is the better piem when the passed pawn i s onfy two film away, or when the cncrny pawn or pawns are mow or 16s fixed on squares of the same colour as those covered by the bishop. In the latter case the enemy has a 'bad bnhop' or 'a weak colour complex', fv* of c o u m he will have litt'e control over squares of the opposite colour.
I f & . . KKS 5. KiQ2 ch. KQ6 6. KtBI PB4 7. -6 threatmifig KtKt3 foIiowed by K t x P . I'he king attacks From thc mar, the knight from base, much as In Examples 133 and 134. S Kt-R4 ch. K-Kt4 6 Kt--33 ch. K-B4 7 Kt-R4 ch. K-,-Kt5 How else make p r o m ?
A draw was, agreed, for the defending w t has suffxient man~uvringspace Wound a centre pawn.
I41 Analysis by Botwinnik from the Sirn BoImlausky v. Bondarcvsky, b i n g r a d , 1941. The defending king is tItO far away, so White's king may control the queening square; there is also
a weak colour complex to
be
W1oited by White's two p i e . Rere knight is superior to the W.
I
1
White plays and w i r ~ A sacrifice typical of minor piox endings.
not 11. PR6? KR4 12. PR7 BB6 ch. 13. KB7 KR3 with blockade. 11 . - . B-36 12 P,-R6. And White queens.
I42 Capahfanca v . Fine, %mrnering 1937. This kind of pawn formation is also usuatly drawn txxause the p a s d pawn, which is only one file away, does not form an effective threat.
I1 hlINOR PIECE EKDXNGS
11 MINOR PIECE AND TWO PAWNS v . MINOR PXECE AND P A W N
Boh on this and his next move Black must avoid a fork, if J... KR5 4. KtBS ch. 4 K-135 B-RG 5 Kt-86 K,,,-RS 6 KtxP KxP 7 Kt--86 K-K15 8 Kt-Kt4 9 p R5 10 P-R6 I 1 K-B6 12 Kt-,@ 13 K-,,,,.iitrl.
preventing in time 7.. . RR6. 7 ... P-R4 8 P-R3 ff8. PR4 BB3 9. BQI BxP. 8 ... P--R5 9 &Kt4 B,,,,,,,,~3 10 S R 5 P--hE7 11 B x P KXR. White cannot gel back to (he queening
K-Bri K-,,,,,K J &-Q5 H-H7 E-R2
146 Santasiere v. Kashhdan, Rncfnn,
minor p i c e is marc likcly io win tlrnn K t - t P v , mirror piece. Black's ling is as favourably ptnced as it can bc, blocking the passed pawn; but his bishop is on too short a diagonal: were. i t at QU7 he could draw.
Thus capturing the BP wiilr ~ a i nuC
1 K-K7
P-I14 S K 6
2 K-86 3 K,,,-KS The B+P v. B ending must be arefully assessed, for after 3. KKt5 K B I 4. BK6 ch.? Black will eveniualfy take the vertical, opposition, 4... KKt2 S.BxPBRt7 6.8Q3BR6 7 . B K 2 K x P 8. BKt4 BU8 9. W5 KB4 10.P86 RBS 11. KK16 KQ3 12. KRt7 KK4 13. BR5 KRS, etc. 3 ... L K t5 Now if 3... KBI Black gains a tempo on the last note bemuse of his better king positicn, 4. BK6 cl). KKt2 5 . B x P RRB 6. EK6 K x P 7. FBS KFS2 8. W6 KQI 9. 3337 BQ6 10. KR4 KQ2 I I . KKtS KQ3 12. K R 6 KK4 13. KKt7 BKt4 14. BKt3 BRI 15. BI32. 4 B-Kt2 The only way, for after 4. BK6? KRr2
4
...
...
7 8-K8
1
K-Rl
5 K-B6 6 K-Kt5
7 B-R4
E,-Kt1 K-I31
K-Kt1
8 HxP
fi,,,,,,.~ f i K-,,,,KtZ RxP
9 10 If 12 f3 I4
B--R7 P-BS P-B6
R-Kt6 %-Kt7
B,,-Q4
K-B4 K-,-Q3
LKt8.
147 Seilrold
r. Keres, Cwrespundence, 1930. When the bishop is of the wrong colour for his RP a win i s stilI
possible i f the other pawn is far enough away (three or more files) and circumstaoms are favourablc. 1 ... K-,,.KtS
--
* K,,.,-.Hj L *.A
M i r e prepares to take the vertical opposit:on, cfx the KP queens. If 2. KO2 Ka7 3. RBR PK6 4. KQ4 BK7 5.13K6BB8 6.BRt4 BKr7. 2 ... K-,,,f37 3 K,-Q4 P-K6 4 K-KS R-K7 S SF37 G R 8 6 I%-RS 13--,Kt7 7 3s-I44
P,,,,,,,,8 3
For the time being this keeps Wllir,'~ bishop off its QKc5 square. 8 &Rh K-Kt3 9 B-K8 K -84 10 K- -BI %K3 I f K-K2 K-Q5 B 8 4 ch. I 2 B 86 'Yhus Hfitck's hishop has changed sides. 13 K-K1 K-B4 14 M 7 K-Kt5 15 B 436 P-,H4 16 B-. -Q7 P1-Kt6 The idea Mlind BIa~k'b ca~cful manRuvrlng; but only a d ~ a wcomes
tempo. 7 . .
K-B4
Else Hack plays his king to QR6, attacking White's TAW. K-Kt5 S K-R4 h B-Kt5
White wins S . B x P R K 7 6 . B K b K x P 7.PB5KB4 8. P86,Black has a better squarc for his bishop than in the last notc, 8... BR4.
IZ,--R6
5 F-R4
square.
1938. An outside passed pawn hree or more files away (the farther the kttcr) often wins when White has a bishop. It makes h s diflerencc what kind of piccc Btack has. Of course all these positions correktc to Examples 120-134, and after the uusual Iwvn exchange B+P v.
4
White plays and draws B1ac.k.plays and wins With the move White draws by block-
hg the passed pawn: 1 K-Q2
The game continuation 1. S Q S ? P-K6 2, K-...Q3 should have lost after 2.,. -2 3. K-K2 (3. El34 4... K 3 d and S... KB7) 3 . . . B-Kt4ch. 4. K-KI P-R4 5. P-RJ 3G-K.4 6. B-.Kt3 K--Q5 7. P-..R4 (7.BB2 KEG 8. RQI BB5 9. PR4 RKtFi) 7...-0'2 R. K--K2 (8. BB2 KB6 9. BV1 BK1) 8. .+BKtS ch. 9. ZG-K I K,,,,-I36 10.
W
S B-....Q2
1 -
I
BxP R-B6
B-Kt4 19KxP Xf $4. .. KB7 20. BB5 ch. KB8 21.
j BKB, or bere 20. .. KKt7 21. X3Kt4. j z0 a""""Q1.
Black mnnot get his pawn to the fifth
i t~ithoutpermitting Wtx~ee'sking to block
.
: it, 20.. RKtS 21. KQ2 BBS 22. KBI. See atso Example 161.
,.
I I /
II. 12, K x P B-Kt4 13. K 14. K-.,KI P-86 19. K 16. K-Q2 B-K5 17.8 t h i s , White's bishop m d his RP from the UR4. In the hFoHclrviog pl it from tte diagonal
P
itbout. 17 K--,K2 18 B--Kt4
148 M ~ r s h a l i
v.
Mnrco, Monte
Chrln, 1904. Having two passed pawns against one pas& pawn, White cannot :iorm&llywin with knight against bishop, unless all the pawns are cIox together as in Exnrnplc 152. p-,,,.u5 P-R6
K-85 K ,,,,,,,.Q4
B- 4 3
...
Black's correct pian is t o use his advanced QRP to tie down the knight, and his king to stop the passed pawns.,--
2 K-KI 3 %-Kt5 93
MYNOR PIECE E W N G S
the bishop attacking them as masion demands. 5 . . . KK4 6. PKt4 RE3 is therefore simpler, and if Whitc rhcn gms for the QBP Black at imst blocks, and probably wins, the unired pawns. 6 P-Kt4 B-K2 7 P,--Kt5
8 K-KM
K-K4 B,,,,,,,,31 K-K5 ?
9 Kt-B2 Black has illusions of counterplay. 9... KK3 is indicated. 10P-RS K-46
11 MINOR PIECE AND IWQ P A W v. MINOR PIECE
White's problcm is always tlre saIrle: what to do about Bfack's passed pawn.
When he sacrifiw thc kninht for it. the result of the knight v . two pawns ending is of consequence, and here 6 , .. PKt6? losc.~after 7 . RiRS ch. KKrS 8. Kr x P K x Kt 9. PKt4, bcrause Black's kinris one Squarc farther away. 2 K-43 KC-U3 ? This fails because Black's king Is forced into a bad position. 111stmd a draw Follows 2... Kt-Btr 3. Kt-.,,,,Q7 (Whire's knight must try to stop tIlc KKtP. If 3. KtK6 ch. KK4 4. KtKt7 PKt5 5. KtR5 then S... K t 0 5 6. PKt4 KIM
7. PKt5 PKtB) 3...
(simpler than 3 . .. PKt5 4. KtB6, which h o w w r probabfy feds to Exampfe 94) 4. Kt-Kt6 P-Kt5 5.K L Q 5 &.Kt4 5. Kt-,,K3 cR. K-K4 7. Kt-Kt2 Drawn Kt-,Q5 8. P,,-,-Kt4Kr,,&.K3. This i s the normal way of drawing: After 10... KK4 1 1 . P R d K R 3 12. the lofiepawn ties down Whitc's knight, KRS KDZ f 3. PKt6 ch. KKtl 14. PRY and Black's piwcs stop White's pawns. ch. KR1 Black thrmtens, in time, to If White's king goes over to captuw the move his knight to KB7. KRtP, Btack s~crificeshis knight for White's pawns. $1 Kt-Rl Not 11. KtKX ? KQ7. 3 Kt-KB ch. K-Kt5 I 1 ... K-W If 3... KB4 White exchanges knighls 12 P-I16 R--K4 and wins the pawn ending. 13 K-RS K-B4 14 Kt-32. 4 8-K4? Black has n o good waiting move, and A rrove difEcult to assss. 4. F-B5 resigned a k r 14... BQJ IS. KtQ4 clx. certainly wins, for Whitc then mtabIishes KK5 16. RtR2 PI37 17. PKt6 BRh his knight on the central square Q4 from 18. PKi7 KQ6 19. PKtS ;;...Q K x Kt wherc ~tinfluences the pIay on both sides 20. QR2. If 14... RK3 15. KKt6 BQ3 of the board. T here may follow: 16. RR7. 4.. . K--R5 (if 4. .. KtR2 or 4., . KtK2, then 5. KK4) 5. Kt-Q4 Kt-K2 ( ~ f 149 Yanofsky v. Golnmkk, Nast- 5... Kt x K t the pawn coding is lost, in@, 1951-52. White's chances am some- if 5... KtK4 ch. 6. KK4 KtQZ 7. PB6 wheal better when Black too has a knight, KtKU 8. PB7 KtBI 9. PKt4, or if r.,. but Re still draws if the fone pawn can bc Ktlitl 6. PKt4 KtK3 7. KIM) 6. madc a real threat. P-Kt4 P-Kt5 7 . P--Kt5 P--Kr6
K-R6 (8.,. KtQ4 9. PKt6 % ~ ch. 5 10. KQ2) 9. K-BI K-R7 (10 ... KR5 10. Kt--B3 ~ h K,,-R8 . 11. PKt6 KtB3 12. PKt7 'KtKtl 13. mtl KtR3 14. KR1 KtKtl. 15. KtK5) 11. P-Kt6 12. F-Kt7 Ktml 13. K-K2 K-Kt7 (13 .. KtB3 14. KK3 KtKtl 15. KtQ4 Kt33 16. 14. Kt* K-R6 (14.,. KR8 15. KB3) IS. P--B6 P-Kt7 (15 ... ~ t x P 16. Kt xKt, PKt7 17. K32) 15. K-B2 K,,--R7 17. Kt-33 ~ h RRR8 18. P-B7. In this variation Black loses W u s c his king is badly
P A W
5 P-BS Failing to see Goloml~k'ai n p n i o u ~ defence. 5. Kt,-+ wins wicMy, White sacrificing his knight after 5,.. KtKt2 6. KQ5 Kg5 7- KtK6 ch., or queening first after 5... KR5(R6) 6. PB5 PKt5
g. K-K2
l... KtR6 is abo playable, and after the best continuation, 2. KQ3 PKtS 3. KtK4 K1B7 4. KtE6 KtK8 ch. 5. K Q 4 KtB7 ch., may simplify to Example 94, 6, K135 KKt4 7 . K t x P K x K r .
AND
7. W6.
5
m)
...
KtxP Kt-R4 Kt435
6 P-B6 7 P-,B7 .
8 K--QS
KtV-Kt3 ch. Kt-B1
9 K-BA 10 K--Kt7
pirtoed. 4
...
Kt-R4 ?
The knight alone cannor stern the pawns' advance. Instead, Black cauld put up a tough and possibly adequdte
.
defence by 4.. K,,-.,,R5,as follows: 5. K--Q5 is not a real t h a t hecause ofachartrllcteriristicwcakncss of thc knight for after S... PKt5 5. K x K t PKt6 7. KtB4 ECKtS 8. KtK2 PKt7 9.KQS
IUB6 10. KtKtl ch. KB7 11. KtR3 clr. KKt6, or S... P-,,-.KtS 6. Kt-B4 P--Kt6 7. Kt-Kt2 ch. K-Kt5 8. Kt-KI (8. K x K t KB6 9. KKtS K x K t leads to Example 315) 8.., K-B5 9, K X Kt K-K6 10. K-5 K-37 I I . Kt--Q3 ch. K-K6, White's knight cannot sacrifim itself for the KKtP, nor a n it pause. In g e m 1 this kind af draw by repetition occurs with a KtP on the sixth or seventh as here, or with a RP (bitmple 108). Around a a t r e P M BP the !might ha.. suficient mnauvring space {Example 148). 5 . Kt x P R x Kt 6. KQ5 KKtS ch. is similar to Example 94. The best continuation is 5. Kt-Kt7 &-Kt5 5. Kt-B5 ch. K-Kt4 7, f-H5 (7. KtKi3 KtR4, or 7. KrR3 PKt6) 7... K.,-B3 8. Kt-Kt3 K,,-,-K3(not 8.. .KRt4 ?) and Black's king is back in play, ?he White knight alone holds up KKtP by operating on the squares =I, KKt3 and KRS. Even so ir is not bow White can form his pawns' advance in the face of Black's two
Drawn Kt-Kt3 ck. (not 10... KtRZ? 11. KlQb K R 6 12. KtKtS) 12. Kt-RS P-Kt5 11. K-48K-R5 13. Kt--47 P-Kt6 d~rtws.
10. K-Q7?
I0 . .. Kt-K2 OF 10... Kt-Q3 ch. 11. K-Kt8 K-R5 (11 ... KWorR4 12.KtKt7ch. KKt3 13. KtKS) 12. Kt-KtW-Kt5 13. Kt-,,,-BSch. 11 Kt--Q4 K--B5 12 Kt-RG Ki-R4 13 K-Kt8? White could win by 13. KBS! KtQ3 ch. 14. KQ7 KtBS 15. KtK7 KK4 16. KtRS! I f Ib.., K x K t 17. KBG, or if 16.,. KtKt3 ch. 17. KBb RtBI 18. ICKr 7.
13
...
*
14 K t 4 4
Pi-.
17
15 Kt-Kt5 16 Kt x Kt
P-BB-Q
Kt-43 P-Kt5 P-Kt6 f-Kt7 P-Kt8 =Q
K l MINOR PlECE ENDINGS K---Kt6 K-Kt7 K-RY? 'This slip ha; drastic consequences. 20.. . KB&draws, but after the text-move comes 21, QK4 ch. KKt7 22. QKt3 ch. KK8 23. QR3 ch. OK7 ck. 24. KtKt3 ck. KKr8 25. QBJ mate. In contrast, a bishop and two united phwfi5gt.nemlig win easiIy apinst minor piece and pawn, bccarrsc tllc bishop can maintaixr control of squarm at a distance. It is the salnr: if White's two passed pawns are discocnected: wiih a bishop they freq~rently win; with a knight,
rare1y. Sometimes wiih only two or three pawns left on the buard the players may have two or morc minor pieces each. In such cases :he basic positional ideas arc tho samnc as irr ilic i~buvttexitrrr~rfrs,but mere pieces in a general way increasc the
drawing propcnsitics, and oRer more tactical and cornhinative chances. One characteristic of a pfumlity of minor pieces is the strcngik of two bishops as opposed to two knighrs; for a pair of hishops working together can control squares of elther colour, and in this sense two hishops arc more titan twice as strong as one.
12. MORE PAWNS: MATERIAX, ADVANTAGE
1SQ Fine v. Reshevsky, Sernrnering, 1937. White has some disadvantage in that his king cannot get fir forward, but hc itas an outside passed pawn, the QKtP. Even so Black's bishop holds the passed pawn on one side and confines White's king on the other side, and althorgh Wh~tedoes everything possible by wakening Black's pawns, and advancing his awn passed paw3 as Tar as he can, he cannot break through. Whtte's difficulty is that his knight cannoi oppose or dislodge the enemy b~shop. Xf instead of a knight on K5 White had a bishop on, say, QZ, he would win easrb. X P-QRt3 n -Q5 2 K t - nd K-U2 3 K-Bl K- K 3 4 Kt-K3 L 3 4 5 K-K2 P-XI4 This move keeps White's knight out ; of his KKt4 square. I 6 Kt-B2 P- Kt4 7 P-OKt4 13-03
With a total of five or more pawns spread over five or morc files a pawn irp : normally wins. Exceptions may occur , when the stronger party has a knight and the dcfcnder a bishop, and 1Rcl.c is a : total of stven or fewer pawns on the board; or when them is no way for the
1
king to c n a thc d~fcndcr'sposition.
12 MORE PAWNS: MATEaXAL ADVANTAGE
knight, which may control squares of either colour, and is suited to infighting. With 3 united pawns opposed by 2 piiwm, the game shuuId Ix drawn. So much for inherent factors. Other positional considerations such as strong or weak pawns, or badly pPaoed king or minor piece, will a$ usual influen= and modify these general propositions. The usual winning prmedurc i s outlined in the note3 to Example f 54.
18 Q-RS ~ h . 19 Kt-iC.4 ch. 20 +Kt4 ch.
If the pawns are spread over forrr files ; a pawn up usually draws when the , stronger parly has a bishop because its 1 chid advantage, its long range, is at a ' diwount. He sometimes wins if he had a
P - - ~ ~ ~ P--Kt5 10 K t,,,,,,,,K3
K-k4 B-R$
L-QS Whi:c was threatcninp PRth, Kt-135 K--K4 12 K t,,,,,,,,Kt7 Fixing
..
12 . 13 P,,,,-Rt4 14 Kt-B5 .I5 Kt-,K3
prwnsOn
P-R5 B-Kr3 B,,-,,.B~
black
351 Sfierbakov
White to play
If 15. PB3 KBS. the text-move apin t h t c a s PKt6. 15 , K-45 i6 ~ t - B S ch.
..
I
1
v.
Averbach, Mos-
cow, 1950. The knight's Iircited range is well shown. In spite of his extra pawn Black must play camfully to draw. 1 P-Kt4 IF 1. K x P ? R t x B 2. PR5 KtQ6 3. PKb KtK4 ch, (the check gains a tempo) 4. KKt7 K34 5. PR7 KtKt3. Also ifI . U,,-Kt2? P-Kt5 2. K-Kt4 (2. K x P PR5 3. PR5 PR6 4. RKt7 Kt35 ch.) 2... Kt-B5 3. H-B1 P-Ki6 4. k R 3 P-RS 5. B.h81 K-36 6. B,-R3 Kt--RS ch. 7. K X P K X P 8. K-B6 Kt-B5, and Black wins.
I... Kt x U I f 1 ... K W ? Z.KxP,imdWbite's pawns move faster. BIack therefore accepts the sacrifice, but tht knight is at its wont twin2 to combat an advanced
As pointed out by RWhevsky, if RP, as i s well known. 16, PRJ BKt3 17. KtBl (threatening 2 P-,R5 PXP 18. KtQ2) 71 ... P x P ch. 18. K x P Not 2. .. PKtS? 3. P x P KQ6 White's king is still hemmed in, and 3 PxP P-Kt5 his passed pawn a bystander, for if 19. KtR2 HK6 20. KKt2 K135. If 3 . . , KtQ6 4. PR6 KtK4? both K B5 players get a queen, but White's is I6 ... skewered, 5 . P a 7 KtB2 zh. 6. KB6 17 Kt-R6 KxP KtRl 7 . KKt7 PKtS 8. K x Kt PKtG 18 Kt-B7 K-B5 9. KKtS, etc. 19 K t x P K-w 20 P-33 PxP ~ h . 4 P-R6 P-Kt6 21 K t x P K-KS 5 P-R7 P,,--Kt7 Kt-Q6 6 P.-R8'-"Q A wry fine move which Imds to a curious hlockttde of White's pawns, I A f m the race to queen the nature of whereas 21 ... BK2? liberates white's i the position is chanicd ccrnpletely. As king, 22. KR3, and he later captures the ; RPand wins. 22 K t x P K-U5 23 Kt-35 Forced, else one of the pawhs is lost. 23 ... &--Kt3. White cannot relieve the blcckade. If 24. KBI KBB 25. PKt5 BQ1 26. PKr6 BB3 27. PK17 B x P 28. Kt x B KKtG. After the game continuation 24. KQ3 WI 25. KQ4 RR3 ch. 26. KQS BKI 27. KQ6 BK4 ctt. 28. ICK6 BR8 29. m 7 BKt7 30. KB7 KICd a draw was
1
12 MORE PAWNS: MATERIAL ADVANTAGE Threatening to attack White's KBP, and indkecily securing the advance of his passed pawn, the QRP. 6 K-K5 The passed pawn tics down White's
ii happens BIack draws, althnugl~such results are not easy to foresee.
bishop can no longer hold White's p w a , but the text is a forlorn hope. 10 KtxPcR. KxP I I K--W K-Kt5 K-U5 12 Kt-,,K3 ch. 13 K,..-Q4. And Black resigns. Where thcre are more pawm, which obstruct the bishop hut do nce much h & r the knight; or where the pawns
Drawn. In this and the preceding exarnple the pawns are s p a e d over seven or eight files, and heir numbers arc few, so that tlre hishop moves frmIy aboutthe board. whilst the knight has few points of anchorage.
152 Capablanca v. Reshevsky, Nottingham, 1834. The play takcs place over a limited area, when the knight is not at such a disadvantage. Even so, and having atso the advantage of a well centralized king, the win is a close-run thing.
I ... 2 ?-I34
K-Kt6 P-KKt5 3 P-.J35 3-43I 4 K ,,,,,,,.K'j -2 5 P-K4 &Kl 5 . .. K-B6, freeing the p a d RKZP, sets White a harder pfoblem, which can k soivcd only by meticulous play, 6, 12--B6 B--KI 7 . P-Kt4 P-Kt6 8. Kt-,,B4 K-Kt5 (a,,. BBZ 9. KB5 BKt6 10. KtKlh) 9. KtKt2 K-B6 (9 ... BB2 iO.KQ6KB6 11.PK5KxKt 12. PK6 Kl37(86) 1 3 . P x B, and White can just in a diRicult queen and pawn ending, or 9... BKt3 10. KK6 KB6 11. K1R4 ch. KKr5 12. KtxB) 10. Kt-134 ch. K,,,,,-K15f I . Kt-B5 &Kt3 (11 ... KB6 12. K t x P ) 12. K-Q6 P,,,,,,,,Kt7(12... B x K t $3. PU7) 13. Kt-K3 ch. K--B6 14. Kt X P K x P IS. K-K6, the only move. losing a tempo, I5 ... I&-KI(IS... RR4ch. 16. KK7 BKt3 17. KtK1 KQS f 8. RtB3 ch. KB6 19. KtK5 RR4 20. KtB6, or 15.. . BR4 16. KK7 KB6 17. PR7) 16. KtR 4 EC,L.Q5 (16 ... BB3 17. KtB5 HQ4 ch. 18. KQ5 BKt6 19. KtK7) 17. K,,-K7 &R4 18, Kt,,,-85 ~ h K-B6 . 19.
Kt-Kt7 &Kt3 20. ICt-,,,,K6K x P 21. Kt.,-M, and the BP queens. 6 K-.Q4 An easier way than 6. PI36 K36 iransposing to the above variation. 6 ... K--J36 If 6... G B 2 7. P,,,,,,,.Ii5 K-R6 8, P-K6 P-Kt6 (8. .. BKtl 9. KR5 PKtS IO.Kt84KKtS I I . P B S H x f 1 2 . K x B ) 9. P XB P-Kt7 10. P-BX- - Q Kt8=Q ck. 11. K.-KS. 7 P-KS P--Kt6 8 Kt-K3 K-BS There are two ways in which Black's bishop may fort% a blcckade of the pawnson the fifth,but neither saves him: 8... 8,-.-K4 9. P,--K6 &Kt5 f 0. P-,-Kt4 K-B5 (1 0... PKt7 3 1. Kt x P, or10 KK7 11.RK4) I:.Kr-....Kt2ch, K-Kt4 farter I I ... KR6 12. RtR4 ch. the bishop occupies the squaw nceded for Black's king, and if 12... KBS 13. PK7 BR4 14. KtKl6 ch.) 12. P--K7 &K4 13. K-K5 K-Kt5 (13.. . BRZ 14. RtKJ) 14. K-K6K-B6 15. P-136 L K t 5 ch. 16. K-I37 K x K t 17. K-7. S... G Q 2 9. P-K5 B-BI 10. P-R7 B--02 I I. P-B6 B-K1 12. Kt-.BS. With the knight on this key square the KKtP cannot escape, I2 ... P-KT1 f 12... RR2 13. KK5, or I2 ... RKt5 13. Kt x P K x Kt 14. KKS BB2 IS. KQ6) 13. Kt-R4 ch, K-.U5 (or 13 ... KKt6 14. KtxP) 14. KtxPch.
knight. 7 Kt.--K4 ch. The inmedisttc diversion 7 Kt X P leads to !he IMS of all his ?awns after 7 . , . KtQ7.
cIoser together, spread over five or at most six files; then a pawn up should win cven though the stronger party 5&ts with a knight against a bishop.
With a greater concentration or nuntbcr of pawns ;here arc g e n e r ~ y more squares on which the knight may be firmly based. The generat winn~ngplan fur all such endings is thc samc as that iklinwted in Example 154.
Black to play
153 Goldenov v. Szilagyi, Minsk, 1957. When both players have knighLs a pawn up pne~allywins. The greater number of pawns favours tk stronger m y because somc of the (iirawing mourns d the basic endings aw not available-notably hose variations in which the defender sacrifices his piece so a to liquidate all the pawns. Black's extra p a w , the KP, ia neither easy to dcfcnd nor much of a threat in itself, so he excllangcs it for White's QRP. 1.k thereby gets a queen's side majority, and eventually a pas3ed QRP which divcxts While's picas from the ddof his king's side. 2 ICtxKP P-R4 3 Kt--Q7 ch. K--,Kt4 4 PXP 4. Kt x P P x Y 5. KtR4 PKt6 is even stronger for B1:nck.
4 .. .
P xP
5 Kt--B5
Kt-K18
7
...
8 KxP 9 Kt-Q4
'
K-KS P- R6 P . .R7
10 Kt-R?
Kr-Q7
11 Kt- R1 12 Kt-B2
K- R6
AfteflZ.KK3KKrh 1 3 . K x K t K x P Black wins eas~lyon the king's side. With thc tm-move White attempts ro exchange oKall Black's pawns. If 12. PKiS KR5 13. P x P P x P 14. KK3 K t x P 15. K x K t K x P , and the two rock's pawns win. 12 ... ICt,,,.,,.Krd K,,,,--Kt6 I J K ,,,,,,.K4 Black must not y t l accept the sacrifice, I$. K t x Q K t x K t IS. KBT, when all his pawns are exchanged. Instead, his kingouimuncruvrer. White's king. To retain one pawn will be suficicnt for victory, There is a natural tendency for the mok's gaviavins to be left on the board, which is to the advantage of the knight, for then the RP is as good 13... PR8 =Q?
I1 MiNQR FELCG ENDINGS
as, in fact rather better than, any other pawn.
14 K-K3 K$
K--,,R6 K-Kt7 The turning movement induces White to weaken his pawns, for if nDw 16, pKt5 p p $7. KH.5 ~ t 0 ch,5 -- if .15 K
1 616 ' KP-334 K 3 K K t 6 1 7 . K KK-Kt6 4'~7ehh
i
Kcepirq ouut Black's king. 6 ... B--K4 Qntralizing the bishop. 7 B-RZ K-B3
8 B-K~ When rhe pas& pawn i s in the ccnlrc, or when tnere is a Iarge nurnber of pawns
!on~hc~ard,theatlaekermyhava / difficulty getting his king inlo thc game, 17 P-Kt5 K-Kt5 a problem especiafly prone to m u r in 18 P x P PxP hishop endings. Here Rlack*s king can19 K-K5 KxP not easily support the further advance of 20 P-X-15 K- .Kid. rile passed pawn, nor othzrwise get raund to attack White's QRP. 22. KK6 KtQ5 ch. Black never queened .+ , P-X14 his QRP, a case o f the threat k i n g Centralization i s now compteie. stronger thanits execution, ln the event t is usually to make the kni&t w;d.P lied dowll whilst1 l ' h m n c ~ stage extra pawn a rml thmt. This means Black's had active threats. making a passed pawn, or threatening to 254 Uofdfinik ,,+ Boodarevsky, , do .W- In ;his case tile passed pawn (QP) Moscow, 1941. When both sides have "lfeddy Asthe passed Wwn can rarely be bishops a pawn up wins h t h more tc ~ K O the Y ceftajnfy a~zdmore directly than is the forcibly qumned7 it is case with any 0 t h ~p i ~ c s ,wilJl the , enemy pi-?, or one of them. 1n $he possible exct.plion of bishop v , knight. r preoerfineexamplc Bjack's QHP d m ~ c d lot brig &fore in game each phycr White's kniglnt. If instead the passed defendhad a rook, a qumn, and a bishop, Black Paw" d ~ o y osr is blocked exchanged for nrefcwm the major ing king, jhen the attacking king gms i o picccs, lmving a bishop and the other side of the board and there mops up thc pawns (cp. Example 156). ending. Thus positions with pawns o:1 both ~n most endings the processes ore the same, ~ ithe ~king~andt other , sidesof the board are easier to win-the pimust & a n t r ~ i z d ,brou&r to ! decoy dnws the defender's forces away. good squares where they have the gmat- I est mobility. aad he rmdv for active I
i
service on ;ither ffank.
-
Thc dcfmdzr also centra1izt.s.
While correctIy puts his pawns on Whllcsquares, where lhey do not &peck
In the present case thc passed pawn, which is always least favourable wben in the wntrc, does not at the moment form effstive d m y , but might do so i f the kin$s were dsewhere. With tkc textmove, 8... PB4, Black therefore plms to ~ O V Chir king over to the kine's side with this end i l ~ k w and ; indeed this is the most systematicmethod,if not in this instanm tile quicker.
,
The player ~ i t the h extra pawn
1
his king into the game. In am way at j least this suits White, who may yet hope to draw by exchanging offall the pawns. K--R4 19 B,,,,,-%CR. PxP 20 ~p x p ~ h , B.-R5 21 R-Q% P x P ch. 22 B-,x? I 1, ~ j playrd ~ 22,,4 ~ Y k ~16y ! seducd by tactial Iwssibilities of a sacrifice of his KRP fPKR4: S - ~ cre;lting ) a K ~ t P The . game for 2 1 moves before a draw was [ agrEd white QP with his , king 2jLKO3 KKt3 24. KQ4, and hold-
, ,
I has the
inherent advanfage that he may ofkr an exchanp of p i ~ e s ,on the suppasition that hc can win the pawn ending; whilst
.,
1
] ing up KRp his withdraws his piece, then thc ae;acker 1 24,,. RB2 z5. Rkd RK3 26. BQU accordingly advances and improves his pKa4 2?. ~ ~ 4 . phywas in+ position. Botwianik indicaies how this ( i, t, for the movE he of enterfactor may herc h i d tto a direct win: ( tlcprivcd his king of the BQ3 9. BB2 BB4 lo. UK1 KKt3 ; ing WhiteS haif of the board, which was 3. BKI Bo2BQ3 12+ KQ4 surely thc main purpose of his previous i,p, BK4 ch. 14. KQ3 KB4, Black has j ~Xlghtiyirrrpruvcd his king's position, but R--,K4 23KxP entry is not yct assured, 15. BQZ BR8 1 16,BKI F Q 5 17BQ21186,andnow K-Kt tC-334 3 Whits must a h w Black's king to attack ) 26 pLKt4 ch. QRP' Or xB 1 Elx B w ,. pKR.Q, K x P X'QR*I, after which Black wins the tempo-strugg~e,thereby eains the oppo- 1 26 . %R3 J 27 -8 sition, and iinally advances his king into the enemy position. Although rtIways 28 R--RS K-Kt4 P--Q5 29 B-K1 available, opportunities of return:ng the ThC culmirdtioo of Black's plan. NOW extra pawn mist not !x overlooked. To summarim, the player with the ' h a t the kings arc on the king's side, the pawn up has in mnsulucna iwJ yosi- p a s d ccme pawn becomes an effaivo tional advantages: his pawn may itself decoy. 30 ~ . 4 ch. 2 be a threat; or kc may offer to exchange picccs, the dwiension of which impmova I 1~ 30. ~ ~B K t ~ 3 33. ~ n 133 ~ 5 his game, i 32. BR5 PQ6 K-R5 30 ... 9 B--.B2 K--Q3 31 I3 -XI ch. K-RB 10 &-,,.R7 K-KJ P-06 32 B-02 $ 1 &,-K3 K-B3 B+QI 33 I)-Kt5 i2 S Q 2 K-Kt3 34 K- K4 13 R-K2 K-K4 14 'R-XI K-,,,,,Kt4 After which Black's king dmisisivcly 15 13%-02ch. &-RS enters, but i P 34. BB4 BR4, followrd hy 16 B-el ch. B-Kr6 35... $47. 17 B-B3 P-Kt4 ' 34 K--Kt5 RxP I8 B-Q4 p - , , , , , ~ t ~ i 35 K x P P,-KR4. 36 Whether he l i k i~ ~ 01 not Bbck will And Black wins. ,haw to exchanp some pawns :o force 1 if thc defender declines to exchange, and
,,
,
;is7
.
.
I
I
j
the bishop.
White to play
1
fOI
...
XX MINOR PIECE ENDINGS
12 MORE PAWNS: MATERIAL ADVANTAGE 157 Smiltinc~v. Portisch, Moscow, 1956. The bishop shows itsd'to be better than the knight when bvlding up a passcd pawn. Here BIack's bishop not only proiwts hii own pavan, and pievents the advance of the KP, but may do so from many diffcrcnt squares;whcrus the knight ctin only shuttle to and from its QKt'l square. We fitst show that While e play loses. 1 Kt-Kt2
155 Kerm v. Lilienthai, Tallinn, 1445. White's king has no way of cn:er-
B x P 9. KR5, and the KRP blls, 9... KB3 10, K x P, when BIack l o w chiefly ins Black's game, and can neither assist because his KBP obstructs his bishop, the advance of his passed pawn, nor I0 ... BK3 11. RR7 HQ.1 12. PR4BB5 eff~ctivtiyattack Black's pawns. 13. PR5 BQ4 14. BK8 BK3 15. PR6, now White's problem is that of extriI K-Kt3 White tries the king's side. He cannot cating his king, IS. .. I%- B2 16. &Q7 R S 17. B x P (the not ustypical do anything on the queen's side. for Ssacrifice) 17.. . KB2 18. 847 BQ6 ch. there the black squaws are resolutely 19. PB5 KH1 20. BKB, and Black Mocked. resigned. 1 ... S K I 8. K C 8 2 K-R4 K-I33 White's king, limited by the edgc of 3 1E- .K6 %KG the bard, cxnnot get into the game 4 B-Kt3 K---Q3 witl~our this sacrifle, which however s &Q1 only draws. 8 BB7 KK2 comes to much To make a waq for the king via KR5, the same thirg. 5 ... K-R2 8 ... K-K2 9 K- R5 Of course iT 0.BKt5, then 9.. . BKt3, 9 ... KxB 10 K X P n- . K ~ I I1 P - 4 6 K-Q2 I2 P-R4 &82. Not 12... K x P ? 13. KK16 BBS 14. PR5, but d k r the text-move the game is quice drawn.
156 BoncR~Osmolovsky v. Konstantinopolsky, Moscow, 1949. When thc stronger pwrty has a bishop against a White to play knight he wins easily; always excepting thow c a m where there is a weak colour Opposing the king's entry is more jrnportant rhan snatching the quecn's complex (pawns on the same coloured pawn, if S... KQ4? 6. BR5 BRZ 7, squares as his bishop, so that he is very on squares of the other miour). BB7 ch. K x P 8. KRS K g 5 9. R x F weak IIcrc the pusiliurml Facturs balance, K x P 10. P-R4 K-,,,,,KtS 1 1. P,,-RS. and White wim simply because of the 5L R 5 R-82 inherent advantage of bishop v. knight 7 P-Q5 and a pius-pawn. If7.BKSRxB 8.KRSKB2 9 . K x P I P-Kt5 BKtl 10. KKtS KK3 I I. PR4 BE2 White's piem arc aimady c e n t r a l i d . I2.PRSBKtl f3.PRbRR2 14.PQSch. He next cream rt passed pawn to tic R x P IS. K86 KQ3 16. KKt7 KK2 down BIack's pieces. 17. K x B KB2, a drawn variant of I RP x P ch. Example 66. 2 PxP PxPch. 7 K-,Q3 3 KxP K-K4 LilicnthaI plnyed 7...BRtl? which The player with the knight seh up a permitted White's king toenter, 8. BKt6 typical strongpoint defence, in this case
...
...
I
White to play
KtR2 ch., but is st suficjent d w a where ~
P-45 ch.
g. gt~lPQ6. The knight alone is ntr
it stands. Kt-Q2 4 ... 5 K-Kt6 Kt-Bj 6 K-B7 Kt-Q4 7 R-B4 Instcad, 7. RK8 may be play& at
match for the discunnccted passed pawns. 4 ... 5 K-BS
onm7
I I K---Q7
K-K8
After this usefut chcck, Bfdck's king emerges. K--Q3 K-B7 4 K-K4 If$. KWKKB4 5 . K x P K x P 6. KW ~ 1 3 4 7 . K Q ~p ~ i 5 8. KtQ3 P K ~ B
on his I333 squalr:; bul White. outflanks it, in the best military tradition, If 3.. .KtQZ 4, PB6 KK4 S. PI37 KK3 6. K t 4 ch. 4 B-Q5 The pawn cannot advance, 4. PBd?
R t-K6 . ... 8 B--K6 Ki-~ts The pawn ending is lost after 8... KtxP 9 . B x i C t K x B ID.KK7. Kt-B3 9 K-R7 Kt-KS 10 1E-13B
...
2 K-K3
/
K.,,,-K~ B.--K2
K-Q7 6 K-K4 7 KxP K--B7 P-,Kt7 8 Kt--R4 9 Kt-B3 If 4. Kt x P K x Kt 10. K--QS K-B6 11. K-B6 K,,-QS 32- K-QT B--xt5 13. P,.--fC7B x P 14. K x B RK4, winning the pawn ending.
KxP
12 K-B6 ~ h . The passd pawn has diverted Rtack's king so that his queen's side pawns mdy be mopped up. 12 . . . K-K4 13 K x P Kt43 14
h
K-04
Kt--,,BI ~ h . 15 B,--Kt5 16 KxP. Black resigned after 16... KQ3 17. BR6 KtK? 18. KKt6 KtQ4 ch. 19. KKt7 KtK6 20+BK2 PBS 21, PR5.
Black.to play
X I MINOR PIECE ENDINGS
B - 4 3 &. B x Kt. White raiw, for after II. PK7 PKCt8-Q 12. PKR=QBfack forces a queen exchange, and thexi wins with his KKtP. Having to move, Black rannot directiv win; but another-facct of the bishop% superiority, its ability to lose a move, mables him to obtain this position with White to play. 1 ... K-,,Kt8 At preswt Black cannot get his king into the game, for if 1 . .. RQ1. 2. KK3 {threatening the QP) Z... BBJ 3. KB3, or1 ... BK2 2.K.K3I)B4ch.? 3 . K t x B PKt7 4. KtKt3. The idca behind the text-move is to hold White's king to the defence of his KKtP. 2 Kt-Kt2 If 2. K-Kt3 (foregukig his threat of KQ4) 2.. . L Q 1 and after 3. K 8 3 BK2 4. KKt3 BB3, or 3. KtKt2 BK2 4. KtQ3 BB3, Black has lost a move with his bishop. 2 ... K-R7 3 Kt-Q3 After 3. KB2 13QI White's king cantlot
Iave his post, 4. KK3 KKt6 5 . KQ4 K x P 6. K x P K M 7.KB4 PKt5 8. K x P PKt6 9. KtQI U 3 5 10. Kt33 KB6, arid the KtP queens. AIso if 3. KtQl BQ1 4. KK3 KKt6 5. KQ4 K xP 6. K x P KB6 7. K W PKt5- 8. -. K x P PKtB. - --
3
...
-1.
Black's bishop 10% a tempo on the diagonal KB3 to QI, atthough the process i s intemp;cd, being completed on his eighth move. 4 Kt-Kt2
And if here 4. KK3 KKtL 5. K W R x P 6. K x P KB6 7. KR4 KK6 8. KtKt2 PKt5 9. K x P PKtG.
...
4 5 K-B263)
6 K-B3
&K2 %-I34 ch. K-Kt8
1
7 Kt-Q3
&-K2
8 K-K3
BUR3 K-B8.
158 Chemikov v. Chekover, Leninp d , 1968. In all endings with piem and pawns the defcnder has exmllcnt drawing chances whm all the pawns are on one sidc of the board, spread over fom or fewer files. If the stronger party has a bishop a pawn up generafly draws, and it is the same in rook or qumn endings; but if thc stronger party has a knight, then a pawn up often wins. Thc knight's short range is here no handicap, whifst its ability to control squam of either coIour is a distinct a=t.It makes IittIe difference whcthw thc defender has a knight or a bishop. 1 Kt-.Q2 Kt-Q3 2 Kt--Kt3 K-B3 3 Kt-42 K--44 4 K-43 P-H4 Waving centralid his p i a s Black creates a passed pawn. In the nature of things this wifi not be far from the other pawns,a ci~cum~tafioe which favours the knight, whereas it would b to the disadvantage of the bishop. 5 PXP PxP 6 Kt-Bl The pawn ending is tmily won after 6. i(K3 KtB5 ch. 6 ... P-K5 &. 7 PxP& PxPch. 8 K- K3 K- -K4 9 ~t--q2 Kt-B4 ch. 10 K-K2 P-K6 Mack now advances his passed pawn, winning the knight for it. With a knight he can sometimes do this even when the pawn i s directly opposed by thecnemy's king and minor piex, a procedure impossible with bishops--or for that matter any other pieoes.
12 M O W PAWNS: MATERIAL ADVANTAGE 28 P-R6 Kt,--Q2 If Kt-B3 ch. K-B5 29 K,--BS K-R S K-K5 12 Kt-K1. 31, K-K6 K-,Kt4. Kt--Q5 13 K--Bl Kt-K? I4 K-Kt2 With 5 united pawns v. 4 pawns the 15 Kt-B3 stronger party may e x p t to win B 15. RBI Kt35 16. RKtl KtQ6 whether be has a bishop or a hight. The method is the r a m , a paswd p ~ m in I?. KtKt2 PK7. crcated, and either forced through or 35 ... K-Q6 u d as a decoy. 16 Kt-KS &. K-Q5 Not 16... K W ? 17. KB3 KQ7 18. 159 Fine v. Najdarf, New York, KtB4 ch. 1949. With 3 united pawns opposed to 17 Kt-B? ch. K--,R6 2 pawns the gamc is drawn regardlw of 18 Kt,--K5 the kind of minor p i m , although knights do offer somc chancts of a win if the dafcndef is at all carelw.
Kt-K2 1 ... 2 Rt,--K4 2. RtKZ KtQ4 3. KtKtl is simpler. Thc knight kmps out Black's king, guards the RP,and leaves White plenty of elbow room for his own king; and a draw might honourably Ix a g e d . 2 ... Kt--I34 3 P-R3? White to play Xf 16. KBI KtB5 17. KKI KQh 18. KtK5 ch. KKS 19. K1B4 KB6 20, KtK5 ch. KKt7 21. PR4 PR4.
18 ... Kt-B5 ch. 19 K-B3 ' P-K3 M K-B2 Kt-Q6 ch. 2I K x P White resigned after 21. KtxKt K x Kt 20. KRI KK6. He loses the &mpu struggle, 21. PR4 PR3, or 22.
PR3 PR4.
...
21 22 K-K3
Kt x Kt Kt-Kt3 K-Q7 K-K6
23 K-K4 24 K-RS 25 K Kt5 The game is not to bc savecl. If 25, KB6 RR6 26. KKl7 KtB1. 25 K-J36 26 P-R4 K--Kt6 27 P-RS Kt-31
...
Black to play This extra weakness i s fatal. Imtmd he should pPay 3. Kt-B2 Kt-KG ch. (3 KtQ5 4. KtR3 PKt4 5. KtKtf) 3. K t 4 3 P-Kt4 4. K-Kt1 Kt-37 4. K-R2 K-R6 5. K-Ktl, when White's knight firmly prevents Black's intended 5 . . Kt--K8a
...
.
II MINOR PIECE ENDINGS
A near sacrifice. Once a ~ a i na mok's pawn is shown to be very strong againsr a knight.
Whitc resigns hecause hc cannot stop theRP. I f $ 1 . KtxKtPPRh 1 2 . K t x P K x Kr 11 KO7 K K t 7 hilt rlrrl here
Black to p l ~ y in Exernpte 158, the knighr xen-luves I theAsblockading king.
' 9 K-U2 Kt-K9 Averbrtch, Baku, ' 10 K-Kt3 K-B5 1955. Here threc pawn? win agajns: two Whire resigns, for his knight will be pawns b ~ i i u s elhcy are spread over four lost for ihe KP, fik. 1. ... P-Kt4 i i 13. MORE PAWNS: POSXTXONAL 'ro fix hit^-^ so tllaf later KKtP hcorncs a target. ADVANTAGE 2 P-R5 'HIE two mmt important factors are: In general White would to fkeiinherent Potentialities o f tRc pawn on@:player having a passed exchange, but hcrc 2, P x P &. K x P I paw"+ a wing majority, or in some way txposcs his Ktp too much, and leads a tosf pawn ending aftcr 3. KB3 pK5 ch. 1 b c i i c ~ a c l u 0~1i J I I I ~ G J ' I Ip~ dI ~m~ d pdwnh; 4 , ~ K t KtBS 3 5. KtR2 KtQ7 6, K g 2 2nd the position of one's king, Eilhw -Y d~xisive, KB5 7. KK2 KKt6, or 3. KtR2 PK5 : 4. KQ$ KRS 5, K t ~ KtKi4 l &. 6, ~ g ,5 Weaknesses such rtS isolated, doubled, or backward pawns, although trorrblePK6. some, are not so serious as rhcy arc in rmk and pdwn endings. Thc position of the minor piece is rarely vttal. A bishop can r ~ p o stion ! itself in a move or so--except for tho= special c a s t s wIlere there is a bad bishop Black's king makes a tempo-move (Example 156). Sometimes the knight is before guarding his KP, for if at once a lit ile rnisp'aced, requiringscveraf moves 6... KQI? 7. KtKt4cl-1. KK4 8. K t S h to ~ c a c hthis or that sqrrare. ch., and White's knight is aggressively Of the powcrsof the bishop opposed to glaccd, those of he knight the concensus is as 7K t 4 4 aC=-,,Q4 I folfows: 8 Kt-K2 1 Upen positions, pawns spread over 6-8 I fiks: the bishop i s supmior, but not If KtBS K t x K t , Black wins, ' decisively 50; if the player with the Exarnpfe 32. bishop has also some other advantage 8 Kt-B5 ch. a betrer placed king or a rxrorc favourable
160 GuIdin
v.
8
I
.. .
13 MORE PAWNS: POSXTXONAI. A f l V A h T A G E pawn structuxe, he often wrns (Exarnplcs attacker is that of getting his king into 170-172). If ox r he contrary his position the enemy's li~les,--tkeprobiem of kingis orherwlse infcr~or, the bishop may entry. 'l'11t function of a passed pawn (as afford su%cime comwnsatlon to avoid one can rarely queen it) is usually to decoy the cnerny king so that om's own & f a t { r e notes to Example 168). Open positions, pnhns confined to 5 king enters, as in Example 16I. A knowledge of certain peculiarities or at most 6 files: the knight and bishop are about eqiral in viiluc (Exampic 169). of the knight may assist one's calculaPawns confined to 4 or fewer liles: tions. For instanw, a knight on Q4 can the bishop's chief advantage, i;s long reach any square in three or fewer range, is of no account ; and the knight moves, except QKtZ, QKt6, KB2, KE6, is supel,ior,for its abiliiy to cover sy wares and KR8. An adverse king, on the same of either cofo~ris uscful in clow warfare. diagonal at; the knight with one square Twdve or more pawns, closc but not bctwen them cannot bc checked in Mocked positions* irt jprrcral the knlght under three moves: in eRcz ihe king is is not greatfy inferior to the bishop; but as far away as possible. Another useful pawns tend to be cxcl~inged,and the distancc is to have one's king on the position rhercby opened up, when the snmc line, rank or file, with two squares bishop comes into its owr, The player between them, These relationships are with the knight must therefore avold commonly scen, as, for instance, in owning u p ;he game too much. This Example 165. sometimes ~xmakesit dificult for hifir to JdI hvcrbach v. Veresov, Moscow, cxpluit an advuntagc (Example 168). Blwked positions: if the player with 1947. White's queen's side majority $he bishop has pawns on the same colour l a d s to a passed pawn which is farther as used by his piece, then ha has a away and ehcrcfoxe of more value than bad bishop, or weak coiour complex, Black's passed pawn. This advantage, wbm the marked superiority of the and the fact that the KP is vulnerable, knight i s well known. In many usesthis and wen to some extent hampers its own hishop, are suficient for viclory. single factor auAim for victory (X:xample 167). I B-R3 F--QKM The pawn-structure is said to be * k i n : liquidation, as good a chanct balanced when, as in Examples 163 and 166, neirher player has as any. To move the king would let in an actual or potential passed pawn Wfirtc's king. The winner analyses the 'wait and see' or pawn majority. An u n b l a w d policy, I . . . &RI 2. B-Q7 B-Kt2 pawn-structure, E~ample 161 el aL, 3. %-Kt4 P x P 4. P x P B-Rl 5. often fads to the creation of passed P--BS P x P 6, P x P K Q4 (if 6 . . . pawns, which in gtncriil arc more effectively handled by the bishop than RQ4 7 . DKI KR4 8. PI36 KKtS 9. PB7 by the knight; but i t does nof fdo)lowthat BKJ 10 B x P K x P l l . R x R P K x P 12. BB7 BBI 13. K x P, Example 128) ~nhalancedpawns necessarily favour the bishop. 'I'he way in which tt. e pawns are 7. G R 8 P- K t 4 dnuSling \%%i!e's unbalanced is more impartant: in pawns, 8. P x P K x P 9. BKt6 BQ4, else Example 172 rk ur~balance favoirrs thc bisl~opsare forced off), 10, B x RP Black, who has :I bishop. and who wins; B- ,Kt l I 1. K-B4 34-QQ3 12. K - 8 5 whereas in Example 168 irke unbalance K- KZ 13. K-Kt6 K-R1 13. K-RG, favours White, who has a knight, and hc take? g o d care no1 to create passcd pawns too hastily, but rather to maintain the threat <{doing so, and he too wins. The mosl usual dificculty for the
X I MINOR PIECE ENDINGS
ck. 10. KKt4 KtK4 ch. $1. KBS QWB7 ch., etc. 2 , .. K-Q4 3 Kt-i(3 ch. K ,,,,,.,.K5 Black can renew the nlating threats only by capturing thc KRP. This would bc impracticable if White's pass4 pawns were mare advanced. 4 P-R4 If 4. PKt4 KtQS 5 . PR4 KBG 6. PKtS K x P. 4 ... K-06
Whitc to play
3
...
K--Kt1 K-Bl
4 R-B4 5 K-B5 K-KtI 6 K-B6 P-RS 7 K-K7 In the game Black's counter-thrust drew, 7. PK7? PKt6 8. P x P P x P 9. Hi51 HQ2, for Whrts could only win this position withou: the movc. and if ~ O . B K ~ ~ B11.XICK6BKI P .I~.KXP
The advance of the RP is too slow, 5. P-RS K-K7 6. P-R6 K x P 7. Kt-KI ch. (7. KtBS PRS 8. Kt x P K t x K t 8. PR7 PKt6 10. PR8,:::Q PKt7 ch.,with mare in 3 ) 7...K,--.K7 8. K t 4 3 3 ch. (8. PR7 PKt6 with mate in 2) 8. K.,,,-.88 9. Kt-K4 P-RS 10. F,,-R7 P.-Kt6 I I . Kt,,--C)2 ch. K t x K t 12.P-RS-Q,a11dBIackmata
..
m2. 7 ..,
9 %K4
P-Kt6 PxP BxP
10 K x P
K-BI
8 PXP
1 K,,,-.,.B7 12 B--Kt2 13 B-R3. And White wins.
8 Kt-B4 P-Kt6 9 ~t ,,,,,,,.~ t l K-I37 10 P-RS P-R5 1 I Kt--B4 K,,-,48 Threatening 12... PI26 13. Kt x P PKt7 mate. 12 Kt-KtZ p Rd 13 Kt-K3 ch. K-B7 14 Kt,,-Kt4 ~ h . K-K7. White rmigns, for he is matcd in 2,
156 Srnystov v. Keres, U.S.S.R. Uharnpionsk~s,M o w w . 1951. Because his queen's sidc pawns axe on white squares, and haw to IE dcfcndd by, whilse tiley also obstruct, his bishop moving on wkite squares, White is said lo havc a bad bishop. This is not in ilself fatal, but his pawn+structure shows another disadvantage: the isolated KP,
PW 113. RK2 B x B 14. K x B PBS; or 1 0 . B K 2 B x B I I . K x B P K t 3 12.PR4 PB4 1 3 . P x P P x P 14.PRSPRS. 6 ... P-KKt4 Black wanis to fix Whitc's king's side pawns on White squares, thus further resir~ciing his bishop. The rrnrncdiate king advance, 6... K M 7- KBZ KK5 is answered by 8.llR5 KQ6? 9 . BKtG ch. 7 K-K2 7. PR4 avoids what foflows, but the game is epmd irp so that lack-s king enters, 7... P x P 8. P x P PI34 9. KB2 P85 1 0 . K B 3 P x P I I . K x P B K t 3 .
which pennits Black to owupy a fine
sqirarc at his K4, and evcntuafly to penetrate the position with his king, as Kercs shows with flawless technique. 1
...
%-Kt8
First Black fixes the queen's side pawns, which b d s to the immobilim1iv11of WIriieL l?,islrvga i Ql.
K-K2
%K
13 MORE PAWNS: POSITIONAL ADVANTAGE
1
185 Tarlakowcr v. Botvinnik, timingen, 1946. Sometimes om pIaycr's passed pawns are more dangerous tkan Black to play those of his opponent, generally bemuse 5 . . . K-K7 they aar farthcr advamd. 6 Kt-R4 ~ h . KxP 1 ... P-R4 7 K t x P ch. 2 Kc-B4 ch. Aftcr 7. Kt x P Black mates in 6, colnUnless this piece succonrs the imprisoned king, an immediate break- mencirrg 7 . . . PKtb 8. Kt x P K x K t 9. PR5 PR7. ifirougti decider, as shown by Bronsfein, 7 ... K-I38 2. PIX4 KtQ7, keeping out Whitc's knight, 3. PR5 PRS 4 . - ~ PKt6 ~ 6 5. Not 7.. . P x K t ? crippling his pawns; P x P P x P 6. PRY PKt7 ch. 7. RR2 for their steady advance now wins. KtBb ~ h 8. . K x P PKt8 - Q 9. PR8-Q Mwnwhiie Rtack's king eva&s the and White is in a mating net, 9... QR7 checks as n~uchas possible.
P-QR4
2 P-R3 3 B---QI
..
To prevent . UB7, which remaim a standing threat for the r a t of thc garne. 3 ... K-Kt3 Next Black antralizes his king.
7
...
B-R4
8 I-'.--KK14 &Kt8 9 K-133 9. KQ2 loses the RKP, 9..RK5 ;md 10. BKt7.
.
9
...
P-B4
19 f x P
Now his KRP ~ o m e avulnerabte, K ,,,,,,,. and Black has threats on hath wings; 5 K,,-R3 K-K4 but if 10. KK2 BKS I I . KB2 PB5, and 6 P,,,--QRI Black's king fm@s its way through. After 6. K-K2 B-EM 7. P-,KKt4 10 KxP (7. PKR4 DKt5 ch.) 7,..&Kt8 8. I I K-B2 B--KS P-KR4 (else 8... PKKt4 fixing the 12 K-Kt3 K Kt3 king's sidc pawns on White squares) White's RRP is to Ire fixed on KR3. 8... K-KS 9. K-02 L Q 6 , and now if 10.PR5 PH5, whilst otherwise Bfattck's 13 K,-]B2 P-R4 welbpPdceti king ensures a won pdwn 14 K,,-Kt3 P-,-R5 ch. ending: 15 K-l32 B-84 10. PR4PKtJ 11. f R 5 P x P 12. P x P 16 K-Kt2 4 R-Kt2
...
I X MfNOR PIECE ENDINGS
13 MORE P A W S : WSITIONAI. ADVANTAGF,
170 Konig v. Smysbv, Great Britain
2 P-,,M Y.
KKt4 t h knight is trapped on the edp of the board.
U.S.S.R.. Radio match, 1946. Other
K t K t 3 ? Tied to the Better i consider"ions apart, the unbalance of defencr of pawn {hc knight, pawns should favorrr White, who has other pioces, i s immobilized. a queen's side majority, whilst Mack has 2 .. . K,,,-Q1 nnlv a central majority; but Black's If Z... P B ~3 , P x 1' P r P 4. K t 8 4 L i n g is mvh bite; piaked, and in the BB3 5 . KtQG ck, KQI 6 . PX37 ch. Play event enten and captllres the queen's with thc knight a l w ~ y sinvatves va:ious side pawns whilst his own passed pawn
ti~ctical conrinuations. This sense of im~mcdiacy contrasts with tkc dclikrateIy prcpard rniinreuvrcs of the bishop, 3 K-K4 K-B2 4 k-,,,Q5 P-B4 White wins crsily rficr 4.. PBJ 5 . KtK4.
I
i
1
I
...
&Kt#
14 P-T33
B-U7
15 Kt-R4
16 Kt-Kt6 17 K-Kt4. Black r s i g i .
Dlack's ia under resrraint, and the three pawns ace for the time bc ng held by two. Also, his QKtP is a vulnerable tax@. The position is open, and the
holds White's king in the ccntw.3
.
rcversnl of the normal procdum which only just succmds. In addition White's king's side pawns are wcak, so that his knight must dcfend the RRP and cannot rnanmuvre freely. Finally, in this open Posit& the bishop has a natural j superiority ovcr Ihc knight. 1 ... X)-,,,,,Kt4 A correctly timed altack on White's KRP, for 2. P x P P x P gives Black a dangerous king's side majority. e.g. 3. KR2 PR5 4. P x P P x P 5. KR1 PR6 6. K K t l KK4 7 . KR2 KB5, and wins. Mot infrequently the attacker may alter the naturc of the paawn-structure in his favour. 2 K ,,,,,,,.K2 PxP Black exchanger befa. W h i r can d~ftmdby KtKt2F,-M 3 PxP While to play 4 Kt-Kt2 K-K4 5 P-R3 5 PxP PxP Whitc's pieces are tied to the king's 5 KxP KxP side: if the king movm, then ... PB5 7 Kt -Kt3 &-Q3 ch. 7 . . . KQ2 is more logical, but in any threatening ... PB6; if the knight movcs far, then ... BKZ wins the KRP. Xf event his KRP be defended. g K ,,,,,,,.KO 5 . PB4 ch. Bla~b's protcxrcd pascd pdwn wins the day, S... KK3 6.KtK3 Ilolding off Black's king. BK2 7. RtKtZ I383 8. PKt3 BQS 8 B--R7 8. KtK3 R x Kt. Lastly, if 5. PKU BK2 4 Kt-Q4 ch. K--114 5.RK3 PIIS ch. 7. Kt x P HW ch. winF ,,,,.,, R4 10 K t x P ning the knight. $ 1 Kt-Kt3 K,,-QS 5 ... 8-Q3 12 K-B5 P.-R 5 13 Kt-R5
171 M. Vidmar v. UIvestad, Yugoslavia v. U.S.A+, Radio match, 1950. Each party has a pawn majority but
II
Not 5.., FR4?
6. PKt4 liquidating Black's future plunder, 6-..P x P 7. P x P R x KIP, and now 8. PB3, with drawing chances lmause thc bishop is of the
wrong colsur for the RP.
6 P-Kt4 114
bishop therefore inhcmnt y stronger than the knight.
Black to play If 5. Kt-K3 &-K2 7. Kt-Kt2 8. P-Kt4 I),,,,,-RS 9. P-B3 (9. KQ2 PB5) 9. P X P cR. 10. K x P K-Q5. 6 ... P-B5 7 P-B3 K-Q5
..
8 PxP If 8. PRd PK6 9. PKt5 PK4, and White is still ticd up. 8 KxP
...
9 Kt-KI K--Q5 10 K-B3 BIack's king enters one way or the othtrer. If IO. K-Q2 K,,,,,,,,,B5 I 1 . K-,,,,-B2 B-HZ 12. &Kt3 13. Kc-,KtS (after 13. KtK5 ch. KQS 14. KtQ7 BQI 15. KtKtl B X P 16. Kt x P Btnck's pas& pawns win, because they are farther from the enenly king, and b m u s e the bishop is here superior to the knight) 13... 14. Kt-B3 L H 7 .
The pawn cnding is Imt by a tempo after Xl.KtKt2KKt6 12. Kt x P B x K t , I1 . . . K-.Kt6 12 Kt-Q3 RzP
The liquidation 2. BR3 PB5 3. P x P K t x P 4. B x P R t x P 5. BxP?cfraws kcanst: all the remaining pawns arc on the side of the b a r d ; but here 5. BQS, trapping the knight, is to be considered. 2 ... P-R4 Hoping to exchange some king's side pawns. A sturdier ~csistance folollows 2 . . P-KKr3 3. K,,-,,,,UZK-Kt2 4. K-R3 K-$33 5. K-Q3 K,---K2 6. P-KKt4 (6.. , KQZ '! 7.PKt5 threaiening 8 . BKtS) 7. P-R4 K-B3 (7... KQZ? 8. BK4) 8.K-B3 K,,,,,,,,,K2 4. P-Kt4 P XP ch. 10. K Xiitthotrgh I', Whits's ?rospextq remain good.
3 K-,,,.82 Ex11 player ccntralizcs his king. 3 ... K-R2 4 K-K3 K,-Kt3 4 %B3
i
13 lit--= If 13. KQ5 BK2 14. K t x P K x P i, IS. K t r P PR4 16. KtR4, thc QRP , cannot be stopped. i
13
...
RxP.
While resigns, for after 14. Kt x P &.
,
Black to play
IT MINOR PIECE EhmXNES After Z... KRI 'I White's king goes to And a skewer also follows IS... KQ4 I QB7 supporting the advance of the KIP, 15. QB5 ch. KK.1 17. QR6 ch. 3. KKt4 BKr7 4. KBS BB6 5 . KQ6 16 Q--K7 ch. KRtt 6. KQ7 ch. K R I 7.KB7 BKt7 Rlack resigns. I f 1 6 . . KBl 17. KtQ6 8, p ~ 1 ch. 7 ch. KKtl i s . QKt7 mate, or if 16... i B-Kt7. KKtl 17. QQS ch. RKt2 18. KtB5 ( 0 6 ) 1 Black tcmporises with his bishop, mate, or 16... KKf3 17. QBS clr. KKlZ 18. KtQ6 ch. KKtl 19. QB8 mate. which White can win for rwo pdx7ns by Finally, if 16...KKt3 17. QB5 cb. KR4 4. PK17 ch., hut in the ahscnce of other Black's quen is skewcmd, this time on mdferi;h this is meaningless. the fife, 18. Q x P ch. 175 i n d l o t h e r c a s e a p m r o n i h r
I
'
14 BISHOP AND TWO P A W S v. BISHOP OF OPPOSITE COLOUR
1
:
I
BISHOP C)F OPPOSITE COLOUR
Many of the ordinary rules d o not apply. Thc bishops cannot atrack the same squaw, and a x nor easily cxchanged. One player may control all the squares of onc colour, whilst those of the opposite colour are inviolate. Such
1
-H--413- -
...
If I . . . IlQl 2. BB5ck. KKtI 3. RKt4, Black is in zugzwang, and c?nnol prevent PB:.
endings are lew subtle, and refinements
like triangulation and the opposition are at a discount. A pawn up does not generally win. Even the basic ending bishop and two pawns v, bishop i s often drawn, White winning only if the pawns are widely separated or far advanced.
7
6
but ~f the d t a ~ ~ position in were w e d one rank forward or one file lo the left Black's b~shop cwld not mark time, whtch exptains why the two p r w d m g exi~nplesare won hr ~ h l l e .
@
dv
178 In practice pawns Crthe~back
a
I
for Black 10 pa hr pieces, apeMUy Ulc bishop, correctb placed. Hcrc with the move he gcts the standad drawing 'Ap, pos~iionby 1 ... KB3 2. PB4 3B2 3. PQ4 BK3; but wlthorrt the movc he cannor White wlns prevent thc pawns' advance. if t . . . BH2 2. BK4 ch. KR2 ?. KQ5 -i34 &- K3 X1R4 4. KB6 BQI 5. PKt6 ch. The dngonaf from wbrch bishop I wants to oppose pawns on the the fourgh 177 All other positlofis with united ' (KKtI, KB2, K3) 1s not the same as the pawns on the fifth, and all po51t103S wit11 diagonal for opposing pawns on thc fifth united pawns abreaqt on the fourl)l or (QKt2, QRI, as in the prwding fartl~crback can be drawn ~fUlack's king example). The b~shapmust choose, md and bishop are corrcclly p b ~ d . I White plays accurd~ngiy; If I . . RB3 1 2. PQ4 BKt2 3. P Q S twnspo~ingto tRc 1 ... 3- Kt2 Not 1 . .. BQ2? 2. BB4 ch. KKt2 3. KK5. 2. K-BS Not 2. PQt? KB3 with the standard 2 B-a4 ch. R-02. draw.
1
1 -@
1
I 3
1
2
174 United pawns draw if the bishop is of the wrongcolour: for the RP.
1 ... B-83 'fit! bishop stqs on the tong diagonal. 2 &K5 ch, K-Bl
1
...
RBI
Xf Z...BRrf 3. Po4 B1B2 4. PQ5 BKtI 5 . KQ4 I382 6. PBS aligning the pawns on the fifth, after which the defending bishop is misplad, and PI36 cannot be prevented.
White wins
2 B-45 ~ h . Afleler which White's king will support the advance of the HP from cither Q7 or QKt7.
2 ... K-41 If Z..,KKtd White's king g s to 47. 3 K--RI, R,-R7 4 K-Kt7 5 P-BY ~ h .
175 This and its counrerpart (pawns at KB5 and KKt5 with queen's bishops) are the only positions with pawns on r he fifth which ,:annot bc drawn. If I BR2 2. BK4 ch. KB2 3. BBB with zugzw;inp (4. PK16 follows) whilst
...
Black plays and draws
Kt4
Black plays and draws
~.,,,,,,.
Xf 3. PB6 ch. B x P.X i 3 . PQ6 BB3 with an absolute blockade. If instead White plays his bishop or king, Black temporizes by sjuttling his bishop from QKt2-QRI , from whbh di;jgonalit both arcvents PB6.and hotds the UP under fire thus trying down White's Gag. This i s $hestandard drawing position,
,
White pfays and wics Black plays and draws
I1 MINOR PIECE ENDINGS
3 P,-Q4
B,--R3
4 F-45 5 B---W
K-B1 K-Ql K-Q2
14 BISHOP AND TWO PAWNS v. BISHOP OF OPPOSITE COMUR 181 With KKtP +QP (or QKtPS. Tfia ending with U P + -KP, or QRP
6 K-Kt4 7 B-Kt3 Not 7. PB5? RKt2, for then Black's bishop is on its correct diagonal for the
standard draw.
Black i s in zugwang, if 7... KK2 PHS followed by 9. PE6. If this position were moved one or more files to the right Black's bishop would have a rempn move at this point. but now it is s q u e e ~ dout. 8 K--Kt5 B,--Kt2 9 K-Kt6 K--331 10 K-R7. In a genera! way some pawtl-groupings arc more favourable t h n othc~s. with king's bishops, White dom best wilh QKtP+QBP, or KP+KBP; and with queen's bishops the reverse farmatiom art: hst, QBP-VQP as here, or HCBP ,,I,-KKtP. 8.
179 Disccmatcd pawns one file apart draw if they arc bblcscked. If thc pawns are two film apart the
result depnds o n the files the paws are on. KWI-QBP is often won bocausc there i s sufficient manmuvring space for White's king to ~ n c t r a t ethe position. There is onty one winning plan, the king supports the d v a n c e of whichwer pawn is blocked by the enemy bishop, in dus course winning lfvaL pi= fur ilrc pawn. I P,,-B4 B,--83 2 K--@ B-.,,,BG 3 K-KCa K--QI 4 P--HS B--Q5 5 P-H6 R-B6 6 K R7 M I S 7 K-Kt6 B-84 8 P-B7
White wins To ensure entry for his king White needs two fifes to the side of the pawn.
9
...
10 K-,,,,Kt8
11 B,,,-Ks
1 z P--l38
=
y.
KP) the game is drawn when Black's king btocks tha centre pdwn, but otherwise mav be lost. 1 K--M S 8 3 2 %-Kt4 %Kt7 3 P-Kt5 K-K2 4 K-K4 White's king cannot force an miry on thc king's side, for i f 4 . K B S BB6 S. KKt6 RQ7 6. KR5 336 6. KR6 BQ7 7,KRS BB6 8. PKt6 BKt2. 4 .., 5 K-Q3 I%-38 6 F-Kt6 %EL3
1
+QP, is drawn ii:the bishop ;is of the wrong colour for the RP. In other case X5lack draws iT his king blocks the m i r e pawn, but may lose if his king blmks the RP.
182 Analysis from the game Rotov
v. Botvinnik, Moscow, 1947. Colours
reversed. Pawns three or morefilcsapart normally win unless there is a bishop of h em g colour for the RRP. Black then draws if his king can block this pawn,,bere the QRP. 1 K--Kt8
K-K2 B-R3 K-41
180 As shown by Averbxh, 1950, pawns two files apart draw, whatever filcs they are on, if their advance is blocked by a bishop from one and the m e diagonal, and if BIack'~king can oppose the antry of White's king. 1 K-Q5 K-B3 2 Kt4 &Kt6 Not Z... K-,K2? (2.., RKt4? 3. KK6) 3. K-K4 follow4 by P%-E4. 3 K-B5 L B 2 4 K-Kt5 K-K2 5 K-R6 K,-QI. 6 K-Kt7 B.,,,,,,.
Drawn
Drawn
Xf 1. PR5 BR2 2. PR6 KKM 3. KKt7 BK5 ch. 4. KR7 BR2.
It i s impornant to kcep White's king out.
8... BK4'? loses, as shown by Charon, 1954. 9. KKtG BKtZ 10. KKt7 BK4 11. RB8, threatening to move along the back rank. I 1 ... KK2 12. BB7 BBS 13. KKt7 ~ ~ 14.t KB6 6 BK4 IS. KBS ! White may gain the enemy bishop far 31Q3 cft. 16. KKt5 BB5 17. flK6 BK4 18. KBS KB3 19. BB7 KK2 20. KB6 thc KRP, which draws. He would win 3B5 21.13K6 KB3 22. BR5 KK2 23. only if it were possible to gain the bishop SKt4 BKt6 24. RR5, the winning for the QRP. Black's QP makes no differme. In manmrtvre (which, however, is not possible with a RP), 2 4 . . BK4 25. iPQB endings with Mshops d vppusirc coivur thb is not unusual; it is not the number ch. 3 x P 26. PKt7. of pawns that mattes, but whether they 9 K-R5 B-HI ch. are dangcraus, and an isolzted passed Black chaiks whenever White plays p a w unsupported by its king is rarely K--5. i an imminent threat.
I
I
12
11 MINOR
mce ENDINGS
tactical point. If 3... KK2 4. KKt3 K1131 5.
the bishop guards the pawns on the other side of the board. 2 ,,,,,,,,~~3 K-BI 3 K-M K-Q2 4 B-,Kt4 K ,,,,,,,.K3 5 R-R3 33-42 The bishop cannot by itscIFtlcfcnd thc king's side, if 5... BKt3 6. KKtS KQ4 7. PKR4 PKt4 8. PQKt3 P X P 9. HPxP KB4 10. PR4 P x P 11. P x P KKt3 12. PKR5 I3KI 13. PR5 ch. KR3 14. K x P B x P 15.KxP. 6 I?--WCt3 P-Kt4 7 K-Kt5 K-B2
KW*
me winning method is the usual one,
White's king gaining the enemy bishop
for the pawn 4 P-Kt6
it
blocks. 24 3 3
5 K-Q7
K-I32
6 K-B4 7 P-R5
K-H3 a,,,,,,.Kt2 B-BI K-Q3 K,--B2 K,,--Kt3 B-Kr2
8 1 9 B,,-K4 ch. 10 P-,R6
I 1 K+5 I2 B-Kt5 13 K- K6.
White wins the bishop for the RKtP,
BQ2 IS. PRS BB1 16. BQ6 BR3 17 mt5 HI31 18. KBG, duly winning the
ln endings with bishops of opposite colour it is often dificuIr to st the king into the enmy Iines, WUE the bishop
bishop for the QRP. 13 K-Kt5 -2 14 K K-,f3 1 IS &6 ch. K--Kt1 I6 K K7 R-B3 17 K ,,,,,,,,,KG K-Kt2 18 K x P . And White wins, 18... K82 19. BB5 KKt2 20. KK6 KK13 21. PKKc4 KKt2 22, PR5 XKtl 23. KK7 KKt2 24. 8 4 4 ch. KKtl 25. PK6 BBRt2 26. PR4, at last getting a passcd pawn.
cannot be opposed with a view to forcing a way tkrough. In the event Whitc g i v e up one of his advanced pawns to get his Mng into active play. 3 B-Kt4
singan, 1928. Besides the queen's wing mdjority, whlch wentilally means a passed pawn there, Wllitc has an adranrage @on the o:ker side beciause h ~ sking can attack Black's wcak pawns. White has t>rea& on boih wings; and the king's side threat m a n s either that Black's king will be tlrawn away from the queen's side, or that White will gct a second passed pawn on the king's side else it means nothing; for a pawn
,,;
White to play
there arc also thmats on the other wing. Here Black would draw if his king's side pawis could be defend4 by the bishop alone. I K-RZ? The correct route is 1 . K- -BI B-Kt4 ch. 2. K K l , and if 2... R R3 3. P--QKtJ K-B3 4. PbQR4. 1 ... 1'-OR5 ?' Black safegrrards these pawns before moving his king away. Xf instead 1 .. . PKU5? White gets a king's side rn~jority by 2. BKt5 PB6 3. PRKt4.
White prepares everything carefulIy. 8 B--B I 9 K-R6 K-Kt1 The end of the first phase, Rlack's king has bwn drawn as br as posible from the queen's side. 10 p,,,,,,,,Kt3 PxP 11 3 P r . P j3,,,,,,,,~2 White is now trying to create a passed QRP, and Rlnck to prevent this. h the gan~c'Tarrasch playcd 1 I . . . PB5 at once giving White a passed pawn ot:the king's side, and Iost after 12. P x P BQ2 13. KKt5 KB2 14. PI35 BB3 15. KB4 KK2 16. KKS (zugzwang) :)IS... BKI 17. K x P BRS ch. 18. KKS HKI f 9. KQ5. 12 B,,,,,,,,KS B-KI
...
I 124
If 1 2 . . BBI 13. PR4 P Y P 14. P x P
.pi a,a+awa$!
i, (I,
get 3 pair of connected passed p ~ w n s ,
majority on one wing unnnut win inless
8-K I
4 P-QR4
187 Sabo v . Bronstein, Bridapcst, 1950. A pawn up, White strives for victory by means of one of thc basic methods, tfaving a pasxd KBP he may try to create another tkre;~: on the quccn's side; or hc may instead try and
I86 Nirnzowitsch v. Tarrasch, Xis-
Bowever a driiw fuIlows 1 . .. B-Kt4 2. K-Kt3 (2. KKtr BK7) 8-88 3. P-,,-,,KR4P-,R4 4. I3x P 5. K x P B--36, again showing the standard drawing procedure: the Cdcnrting king blocks Zha pawn majority, and
IS BISHOPS OF OPPOSITE CQLOUR: MORE PAWNS
QKtP t QRP. White kils bwause, apart from Bronstein's skill, he has xio ~ s i t i o n a l advantage to supplement his material advantage. The two passed pawns we too close together. and do not form &ectiveIy separate threats.
.-
@ 187
1 ggjtm:
:m @ % m;I i my m s / :-&a gj 'g.-a :SL~-J @
@
,,,,,,,,,
White to plaj
After S... R x B P ? 6 . BB2 KK3 7.R x P K Q 4 8. BKt6 White gets connected passed pawns, for which Black (w if 2 . would uitirnateiy have 10 give UP his &feBUaIding the far his K B? 3. PB7.white hopes to wntinur bishop; and White then wiris, shade for bishop h OF fhe with 3. KB3, Q PKi4 p P ), x P,and 6. K R S attacking the QRP, whcn the ; 6 K-Kt2 thrcab on botk sides o f the board 1 pon1isc:victuiy; a plan which is promptly 116, KIM KX33 tltrmtening 7...BB2 ch nipped in the bud. K ,,,,,,.K3 6 ... 2 ... P-QR4 7 K-32 3 K-I33 7.BKI wins a tenlpo hui not the game. If 3. &B3 Block eliminates thc weak 7 .. . P,--R5 QRP, J... P-RS 4. P x P (4. KB2 Not 7... KQZ? 8. BRI K x P (8 ... P x P c h . 5. K x P B K 1 6. B K 5 ? K X 8 ) K K 3 P . R < i P K x R P 1O.KBJ) 9 . B x P 4... i3 x P 5 . B-K5 R-Kt4 6 , K-X33 when White has a passed pawn on each S K I , and now either 7. KKIJ? or wing, 7. KH4? is answered by T.., K X 8 B-K I. PxPc~. 8. PQ7 B A P 9. PB7 RKB ch. It i s this 9 KxP R x BP resortrt- that prevents White's king 10 B x P advancing via the white squares.
:
I6 TWO MINOR PIECES v. TWO MXNOR PIECES
11 MINOR PIECE ENDINGS
White's pdssed pawns are not far 24 K x Q R--K8. enough apart to be rtalty dangerous. D, Given enough rime he could win Black's / bishop for them, but In fkmanwhlle 388 Calrfer-Smith v . Katz, London, his remaining pawn, the KRP* would 1949. Even with $0few pza combin&liqwdated. I tive finish is sometimes pass~ble.
1 ' 1
10
...
K-K3
I
White to play draws by 1 KK3; but
I I B-B7 P-Kt4 ~t was Black's move, and the breakI through 1 ..,PR4setdetl matters at once: 12 P-RS P -Kt5 13 K-B4 P.- R4 If 2. K x B PRS 3 . BK3 PK6 4. BBl 14 P-R6 P-R5 PBI. A routine draw follows 14... BB3 rr-IS. KBS KQ2 16. BQX BR8 17. BR4 , BKt7 18. BKt3 BRS 19. KKt6 BQ4 I ' u). KR7 KB1 21. PQ7 cb. K X P 22. KKt8 KK3 23. PR7 KB4 24. PEW--Q ! f B x Q 25. K x B KK5 26. KKt7 KB5 27. K 8 6 KKtl 28. KQS PRI, but no1 28.., KR6? 29. RK4 PR5 30. KU4. Instead Bronstein concoch some traps, ' lmprtialfy for hls opponent and for , himself, in a highly diverf~ngfinish. 15 k-B5 P-Kt6 8
!
4
I I a##
16
a -aL1S8 a,/
PxP
Mot 16.PR7?BB3 1 7 , K x B P x P , , Black to ~ I -a v when Black wins. If 2. P x P PKt5 3. K x B PRt6 16 ... P--lib 4. PR6 I K t 7 queening with check. Nowif16 ... PxP?17.PQ?X3xP(or ~ f 2 . p x p p ~ t 35 . P x p K x B K x P) 18. f R 7 PKt7 19. BR2, and 4. ~ ~KRG. t 3 Whitc wins. 17 P,---Kt4 Mtcr 17. PR7 BB3 mite draws by 18. K x B PR7 19. KKt7, but not by : 'IECES +' 18. PKt4? KQ2, when thc KRP quwns. MXNOR PIECES 17 ... B-Q2 Wirb the addiliorl uT allutllcr p i a x Nor must Black play 17... PR7? I f 8. PQ7 B x P 19. Zl x P, when White's I there arc a few cases where t h e total force , may diffcr significantly from the sum of disconnected pawns win. its parts. 18 P-R7 %I33 Two bishops am lrlorc than twice as 19 P-Kt5 K-Q2 strong as one bishop, for between them 19... PR77 loses after 20. PQ7 K x P they ccontri)l squares of either colour. It 21 I3 x P evce though White's bishop is is more favourable to Rave two bishops vS illr 'wlu~rgculuu~',f v ~Black's Ling v, bishop and knight than to have bishop cannot btock the RP. v. knight. Having tlre slightest other advantag the bishops often win. A passed p ~ w or r ~wing majority frequently wins in any event, but with two bishops is ovcrwkehing. As Fiat: remarks, the
i
...
If 4... Kt,--Kt3 (4 PI34 5. B x Kt) 5. B - - 4 6 (5, B x K t wins, but kacping the bishop is cven better) 5... B-Kt3 (5 BK2 6. B87 PRS 7. BB2) 6, P,,,,,,,,,QKt4 RP X P 7, P X P P X P 8.P,--BS, and a piece must be given up for White's passed pawn. 5 %Q6 This fixes Black's bishop on QKt3, for if i t goes to QR2 White plays 337. 5 R-KU
two bishops contra1 every square on the
queening fib,and are a p e r k t escort far the pawn. The Cisparity between two bishops and two knights is even grcater, aarld in very ope9 positions this advantage i s alone srxlficient for victory. The bishops drive the knight or knights to inferior positions, even s t a b rnating or trapping them. This is the principle theme of at1 such endings. The defender draws if the position is blocked, thus limiting the bishops' range; or if he kas a strong point in or near the centre which affords a foothold for his knight, which tkus exerts its rnaximum power.
...
...
6 B-B3
When thcrc are bisltops of opposite
colaur a, pawn up often draws. The addition of more pieces always favours the stronger party; not lcast hecause there is the possibility of exchanging n bishop for a knight.
189 TrifunoviC v. Kaila, Helsinki, 1952. The queen's sids majority js dtxisive. White to pkay
Both Blxkls isolated pawm are on Black squares and his bishop is tied to
their defence. The bishops could always have forced this, for the pawns could not for long have been defended on white squares.
3 &K4 All two-bishop endings involve the cunstri~tion of tllc defcndcr's pieces,
mpccially his knight. 3 ... 4 B-K5
Kt-BS
K t-R4
'Chis forms tbe knight to retreat before Black can play ,.. PKM, which woufd gain him a littb space. l f White rcsnfvm the situation at o m , 6. PQRt4? R P x P 7. F x P P x P 8.Pl35 BR4 9. PB6, the knight comes into play and supporh a Mnckade on his QB2 square, 9. .. KtB3 10. BB2 KtKI. In a war of constriction the correct policy is to increase the pmsurc in every nanibie way. and not to relieve the iens,on rrntii dwisive gain is in sight. White has tied down the encmy bishop; next he ties dorvrr the knight and its king.
Waking for KB3, which is a h u t as near the centre as practicable. 4... KtK7 ch. 5. KBI KtO5, as in thc game, fails to 6 . B
-
'
127
.
XX MINOR PIECE ENDXNGS 9 L B 3
K-K
I
t3
:3 R-R4 The power of the bishops is felt everywhere. Now Black's king cannot get into play, for if 10... RB4 I I . BB2 ch. wins. 10 . . . I I K-RZ
K-R2
At this stage, when 811 the cncrny pims are tied to their posts, and his ganlc completely ~estricled, the usual plan is to advance the king into the game. White's king could herc enter at Q6 or
QKtS wit11 decisive results, but he chooses another plan: to put the knight out of court so that it ~ l i ~ l n orclufn t to the yumn's side in time to stop the paSSCd TAWn. I f ... K-K 1 1. 12 K-R? K-R2 13 G R 6 K-,,,Kt I 14 P-,KK:4 PxP 1s ~ ' x P K-R 2 16 K-Kt? K-R I 17 K-B3 K ,.,,,,,,~ t l t X "P--Kt> ---A tempo move forcing Hbck's king to i the rook's fife. He is not wilt~outrestlurce ' after 18, it Kt5 K1,,&.R4 19. P-Kt4 n -
,
~p
p
20, 1% p
~ , , - . K ~ J21.
(21. p x p f3R4 22. 8 0 7
B
p
~ ~ t 21.. s ),
190 Tauhnkaus v. ?Brrrtscb,Monte Cario, 1903. When there is no passed pawn'thc bishops may yet win if therc is no central foothold for the knight, and ~f king-cctr3, is possible. Here Black's hing enters via 0.6, K5 and Q6, b a u s c sfight pawn weaknesses were created in thc middle-gamc; bul very oficn ihc bishops themselves create such weaknmm, ti:us making a path for their king. Tarrasch was a great bclicver in the superiority of the two bishops, and if he won a bishop for a knight would say he had won the 'minor exchange'.
1 Kt-B3 White trim to win Black's KKP. Instead hz should try and mobilize his pawn majority by PKKf4, either here or on his fourth mwc. 1 ... B-Kt8 To weaken Whitc's QRP 'I'his has
incaning in connwtion with the advance uf Black's king to Q5, whc? a passed pawn is more cnslly forced. 2 P--QR3 B ,,,,,,,. K - 4~4 6 ch. K-KI 4 B--112 This h i l s because the KiiP is not fixed, bur if 4. PR3 PQKt3 5. BBZ KK5. 4 ... P.--R6 5 13.,,,,,,RKt3?
Now 5. PKKt4? KK5 6 . EitKtf loses material, 6 . . . K x P 7. B x P ICxRtP At last White rnakes his pame< pawn.
All Btack's piaces arc badty placcd and he strccumbs immcdialely.
If 21 ... P x P 22. PB5 BR4 23. BR4. 22 E x P BxB 23 P x B K (--Kt2 24 a 4 7 Kt-H4 25 P--B5. The knight must be given up for the
I
128
White to pray
15 TWO MIXOR PIECES v. T W O MINOR PIECES
g. B x P BKt4; but 5.
P x P is better, and
2. BR6 KtK2 3. P-QKtS, White wins the QRP by B-QKt8. 2 %Q3 Not only preventing ... Kt-K5, but tying BIxk's king 10 the d c f e ~ c eof his
artbough S... PQKt3 6. RK3 KK5 7. KR2 is good for Black, a win has yet to bc demonstrated. 5 . .. P-QKt3 6 13,,,,,,,, 7 Kt
B3
KRP.
K-KS
2 ... Kt-KR2 Black gives up a pnvin, but hopcs to draw by reducing the pawns to one side of t:he hoard. Instead he may guard every thing for the time being by Z...K t 4 3 1 and if 3. &--It6 (3. BQM KB2) 3... Kt(K1)-
8 K t - 4 2 ch. White's bad bishop loses him the game in spite of the bishops of opposite ccllour after 8. KtKt5 ch. B x Kt 9.P x B KQ6 10. KQ1 BKt5 ch. 11. KBI KK7.
Q3. However, boginning with 3. KB2, M i t e would simply advana his king,
Black having no counterplay.
Thb advdxe comm too late. 11 ... P--QKt4 Black bas advanced his king as far as Re can, and cramped White as much as he can, and i s ready for the deoisivc breakthrough. 12 P-Kt5 P--.R4 f 3 K QI P-Kt5 14 B P x P W a u s e White's QRP i s under attack he i s obliged to make this capture, which brings to life Bla~k's dormant pawn-
majority. 14
...
IS P x P
White to piny
APxP Px P
16 Kt---I32 A nmt twist, hoping perhags for 16 PKt6? 17. KtKl malc. I6 . , . P-Bh 17 P x P &-,Kt 6. Whiia resigns. Black's king's bishop performed well from the basedine, first guardicg the KRP and the KK14 square, and latzr supporting the advancl. of the QKtP.
I
...
3 B--Ki8 P-QR4 4 ~ o4.tP-QK~.~? for then tack ha? a safc place for a knight at QZ,where it is imm~inafrom attack by White's KB.
PxP Kt,--Q 1
Kt-QB3 KtxP
191 Euwe v. Pcdersen, radio match, 1951. In this wide open position the knights are hounded from pillar to post. I &KS Kf(Kt2bKI After I.,, KtK5 2, BR6, or I . . . KrRI I
I
8 B x P ch. After the stniggle Black's knights aw scattered, and his king confined. 'The bishops are so forceftrl herc that they win even with two pawas v. one pawn on the same side of the board.
129
8 . .. Xf 8... KBI
K,-Kt2
9. BB5 ch. winning a
16 TWO MINOR PXECFA v. TWO MINOR PIECES
I T MINOR PIECE ENDINGS
knight; or if 7...KRI 8. BQ4 ch. I Best, for other moves givc Hack a KtK $2 9. PMt5, when Black's free . chancc d giving up his QB for a Kt. knight is smn run to earth. 7 ... B-Kt7 9 B-Ql ~ h . K-Kt3 With his bishops alone Black cannot If 9. .. KR3 10. BB7 KtQ3 I 1. ' hem tie un the knights. Yantwckv - -'-, mate. I sumests 7..:PKt4, att&t,tina - - to oncn I0 B...-I35 ch. K--R3 / up the position. 1 1 R-I35 Kt-44 8 Kt-K2 B-BR 12 H . 4 8 ch. Kt-Kt2 9 Kt-B3 B--BS 13 K-,,-B2 10 Kt,--K4 R-Kt5 13. PKt.5 ch. KR4 14. B x Kr K x P If 10. BR2 1 1 . PQKt4 threatening IS. BR6 also wins, for if IS ... PR3 32. KrB5, but 10... RBI i s a better way 16. BK4. to pmvmt this.
I
f 93 Wlesluvsky
Kotov, Neu- ;
Y.
12 Kt-B5
K-B2
K--3 13 Kt x P bawn, 1953. Xf here the kni@ts wcre i mchanwd, then the bishops of opposite 14 L R 3 ECRl @lour ending woutd surely k drawn. I The knight cannot escap, for if 14... 1 U- -K5 , KiQJ IS. KtB7 ch., or if 14.. . KQ2 Stalemating the knight, SO that if it , f 5. KtSS ch. followed by BK5. I n o w ~ h i t c - m c play l ~ B x Kt, when the Kt v. B ending a n be won. This is better than I . P x B ? Kt xB, for then White's pawns are very we&. 1
...
B-BJ
Black cannot avoid his qumnk side pawns r2maining on white squares, for
..
if 1. PKt5 2. P x R , exchanging Kt for
B in a &Rerent fashion. White misses his chance. He should play 1 1 . PKt3 BR3 12. KiB2 BK2 13. PQKr4. With two strong points for his knights, QB5 and Q4, hc lras the better or it.
Best, for Black was thratening
... KtKt3. 14 ...
K-R4 XS B X K I KxP f6 Kt-R6 ch. If 16 ... KR4 (tbrcatcning ... PR3)
...
11 f 2 Kt,,,,,,,,Q4 1 3 P-,-Kt3
17, KKt3.
Black resigns, for if 17 ... K x B 18. KB3 KR5 14, PKt6 ch., but not 19. KR4 KR4 20. KBS? PR3 21. PKt6 stahmato.
I P-R4 2 Kt(L2I-Q4 J P,-.KKtJ 4 K -K:2 5 K-B2
6 K-K3 7 Kt-Ktl
B-I31 S B 8
I4 Kt-B2 B,--Kt7 14 ... BKt4 is also satisfactory. Black now takes carc to prevent PQKt4. IS. Kt-Q4 If 15. WRt4 BKS.
17 UxKt.
192 R&&irch v. Yamfsky, Arnrtcidam, 1954. The position iu partly blocked, and the knights have a strongpoint at Q4, factors which compensate for the bishop-pair. Also, Black is hindcrwl by havine to defend hi< p w n a t K3, for which purpose either his QB or K mirst tae held back. Black avoids KRxKt, for he is left with a had bishop; but hc wslcornes the chance to play Q B x K t , for then the B v. Kt ending is favourabIe to him.
B---K2
I'
K--B2 &H4
K--QB I B R3 &a6 B-K5 White to play 130
Endeavouring to force some. pawn exchangs. 2.. . KRtl, immediately making for KJ SO as to try and free his knight, is certainly to bc considemd. 3 P-43 4 Kt,,,,,,,,K2
K-R2
I
White to play
P-mK(4
P x P ch. 17. K x P . White wins by If 4.. KtB3 White must 5. ' advancing the p a d -pawn,f 7. .. BR7 B xKt, but has an easy game after 5 . .. 18. KtR5 ch. K B ~ 19. ~ t ~ ~g t g4
white square. PxB 6, yKk4 fixing Bixk's WJ' on a 5 K-I32 P-45 6 P-KKt3 P X P ch, 7 P:
20. K t 0 2 BB7 2 1, KtR3 BQ6 22. KtR4 BB'i 23. PKtS 1346 24. PK16 ch.
...
If 17 KtBZ 18. KtxPcl)., when the united pawns win evcn with bishops of opposite cdour. 17 &K5 I$ a r t - ~ a
s,-Q4 K-B2,
Btack resigns. After 19. KQ4 BK3 20. KBS RQ2 21. KtK4 KRt3 22. PKt3, a tempo-move forcing Black's king to the KR fib, 22 ... RR3 23. KtB3 and 24. Kt x P, the outside passed pawn wins.
1
RUOK
v. PAWN
tile check on ihc file, and i f his king wcrc b r e at K3, then 1, RB8 c:~.could be play.yeti at once,
195 White to play wins by 1. R-HI ch. K--,Kt7 2. K,--Q2 K-R7 3. K-R8
'. . . and taking aim with a Rook, he dealt him a mortal wound.'*
(3. m3'? PKt7 4. RB2 KR8 5 . R X P stalemate) 3... ?--Kt7 4. R-,R8 ch.
M~rs~x~rs, A Monk of Tegernsee, c. I 160.
1 . ROOK v. PAWN
!
The pawn fiills if bfwkd by thc e n m y king. Otherwise the usual question is whether the rook wins or merely draws. The king and rook win if thcy uicirnattly controt a square which the pawn htts yet to cross, although sometimes, especidly with RP, this may not be nassary. The first [ask for the stronger party is bringing tk king nearer to the pawn.
2R-B8&. When thc king afc oppogd Whitc forces his own king's approach by this check on the file, which also compels Black to obstruct and hold up the pawn. 2 3 4 5 6
...
K
K--QZ K-B3 R--R8 ch. R-,,,ORt8
K-R7 P-Kt7 K.-Kt8
White plays and wins if his king is not on one of the 13 marked-off squarts (opposing White's king as in method I) 3. R-,RI (this is where the rook should have bccn. If 3. RR3 ch. PK6) 3 . . . P-K6 4. R-R3 ch. K-Q7 (4. ., KR5? 5 . K M P K 7 6.RRI) 5 . K---Q4 (the attack from the rmr rarely succeeds, except against R?) 5... P-K7 6. R, R2 ~ hL.- Q 8 7. K - 4 3 P-KS z K t ch. If now 8. K-,.B3 Kt-Bfr 9. R-KB2 With centre P, BP, or KtP, this
Kt7
,,,,,,.
White plays and wins Btack plays and draws
The defending king must try to hinder
this; and kc must also advance his pawn as fast as possible; if he has a choice, it i s generally best to advance the pawn ahead of its king. U n i i b the case with a minor piecc it rnakcs tittb difference to the result whether there is a RP or rtny other pawn,
as kforc. I . K-QI
also wins. White's rook is I C L ~ eflective when 6rt its firs1 rank, lor wit11 the move Black draws by I... K87 or I . . . PK17, preventing tire check o? the filc.
1
atthough i11e play var-im.
194 The play against EtP, BP, or Centre P is similar. Xt i s gcncralfy best to have the rook hchind the pawn, holding i t cnder attack on the file. W e n the king and pawn art! on their fourth rank. or beyond, thcre are two
White prays and wins RIack nXavs and draws " <
basic winning prowscs, Xn this, mcthod X, White's king tries to approach the pawn from the same side as BPack's kine;.
There is also a way of winning when the king rrpprmchts the pawn from behind, 6. KMt3 KB8 7. l U 8 ch. KRt8 8. RB7 KR8 8. RR7 ch. KKt8 IO. RR2. I R-,--XZ 6 ... K--RS Not I. K-K3 ? P-Kt7 2. R-,,BS ~ h . 7 K-B2. (2. KK2 KB7) I... K-Kt6. Not 7. R x P? stakmate. I ... K-B7 Hlack to play gets too far forward, If I..' K--Q'* ''lt X.,,P--Kt7 (1 ... KB7 2.RB8ch.KQ8, 2. RB8 ch.! KKlfi. holding off White's king, also draws) rocho j ~ e u h , , monifeio 2. K-KZ K-B7 3. R-B8 ~ h K-Kt6 . . .. K-B7. vulnus udegerat.' The translation is by f3 ... KKtB? loses) 4. R-Kt8 I1. 3. R. Murray. 1 For White the essential manauvw is
''
i
knight-promotion dram. With method 11 it (foes not makc a great difTcrence whether the rook is on the first rank or on the file &hind ths pawn.
196 Xn method II White's king approaches h e pawn from the opposite 197 There arc few subtleties when side. 'This is mow favourahlc, for he can the rook is M i n d the pawn. If White's win whrn his king is one or ttvo r:inks king were on the kh@'sside it would farther back than i s the case with maltc for K3 or K2 winning by method method I. White's king here crosscs the queening file to the othcr side of the pawn. I K--KG P-K6 lr' I... KK6 2. KK5, and White still plays to the opposite sidc after 2 . . . KQ6 3. KM, or 2 . . . KB6 3. KQ?. 2 K-Q5 P-K7 3 K--,,Q4 K-B6 4 K-Q3 K-R7 5 K....--Q2. With Wtitds king at QR7 finstead of Kf17) he falls to win hecauw his rook is not ;n ib best square. I . R-Kt6 K--K6 ] ~ h r t s p l a y and s wins if his king 1s not on one of the 8 marked-onsquares (1 ... PK6? 2. KB5) 2. K-RS K-Q6 I 133
1 ROOK v. P A W
.
1. As it is, the king crosses the queening ( mathd 11 after 2.. KBS 3. KR6, or fiIe to h e other sido of t k pawn, I Z... KX5 3, KBB. mthod II. Normally mite cannot be f o r d into ! Arnelungts' position, which occurs only I R-Kt7 *---. when Black's king i s on the fourth rank, A to gain t h e o ~ ~ o s i t i o n . and his pawn on tho fifth. IfWhite's king Not 1, RKtG? m5, when White's path w m bere at QR8 (instead of QB7) he across the queening file is obstructed by w a ~ l dwin by I . K-R7, but by rhe m k . 1. KKtY? when Black wwfd rakc the
1
opposition, I... KKt4.
199 Having the rook dscwhem on the Erst rank i s less effective because the pawn is not under asthck, and Black's king is therefore free to fend off White's
198 With the rook on the queening square White has no tempo-move, as shown by h c l u n g , 1901.
king. I
2 K--B3
After 1. KQ7 KBS White's king is too far off for tither wincing mthod to S U ~X f .I . RBI ch. KQS. I T I. RKe2 a tempo i s lost after I. .+ KBS 2. KKi6
K-QS K.,-,,Q~
1 K--,,Q2
for new 3. RQKtl does not gain a tempo (3,.. K W . This borironval fcnding-05 would not he -- oossible if White's rook wwew at Q1 (i&ad of KRI), and in that event White w ~ u f dwin with his krng at KR6. Finally, there is the vertical fcndinpofl
I KQ3? KKt7 2. RRt8 ch. KB8
draw, but not here 1.. . PR7 ? 2. RKt8 ch. KR6 3. KB2 PW=Kt ch. 4. KB3 winning the knigllt.
which cornbats method 11. XC in this example White's king were at QR8 (instead of KRS), Black would draw after I . K--Kt7 P-Kt6 (1 ... KKt4? 2. RQKtl) 2. K-R6 K-Kt5.
200 Other ways of wiming m u r less frqgently. The p a w may k interoepterf at an earlier stag; or the rook may help the king to get within the squafe of the pawn, as herc shown by Maizetis. 1950.
White plays and wins Black plays and draws 1 ...
KM. If 1. RKRl PKt6; when the pawn is not undcr attack from the rook. it can part company from Its king which is then free to hdd off' White's king,
2 K-,-KC8 ch.
(Wiih BP or Ct.rltrc P Blak wvuXd here play lo the fifth rank.)
4 K-Kt7
White. piays and wins if his king i s not on o m of the IS marked-off squares
P--Kt6,
Black to play also has no tempo-move, and if 1 ...KRt4 2. KKt7 White wins by
Z...PKt6 3. KTC2 PKt7
4. RQKi1
I KB6 KQ1, also i f 2 ... -6 3. M ; but after the text move White gets his If
I.
rook to a better square w~lhnut10% of
1
I I
i : i
White plays and draws Black pIays and Imcs
i
time. 3 R-QKtJ 4 K-K2
K--I36 p-Kt6
5R-Bl~h. Winrxng as method I, but not 5. KQ1 ? PKt7 hen White is in zugxwng. A similar trap may hppen with BP or RP, but not with Centre P, for t'ten the rook could lose a maw. If White's king is at RR5 (instead of KRS) a draw follows I. RKt5 PKt6 2. KXLl KO5 fending off White's king,
34
White playa and wins
I K-Kt5 Bringing the king intu play is almost invariably the first thing to do. The rook with its greater mobility w rapidIy bc deployed later on, when ii i s easier to determine its k t position. F-Kt5 1 2 K-34 K-,QS 3 K-,,,R3 ch. K-I36 4 K-K2 P-Kt6 5 K-QI ?-Kt7 6 R-R3 dl. K-Kt5 7 K 32.
...
201 Apinst a RP mthod I wins. As before, it is best for White to hava the rook M i n d the pawn.
I
K-Kt7 K-R7
3 K-B3 K--R8 4 R-Kt7 EE-R7 If 4... PR7 5. RQ7 KKt8 5. RQ1 mate. 5 R-,QR7. And Whitc mata in three. Having the move Bfack draws by advancing either p i ~ eAfter . 1.. . KKf7 2, go2 PR7 3. RKts ch.KR8 the sbl* mate threat. m o t be circumvented.
202
Siaslmin v. Shustov, 1951. K"--Kt6?
I R-WC~.
'Ihe fending-0ff illovc I*.. KKt4 draws, for after 2. KQ5 PR6 White is a
move too late for method I.
2 K-BS Tne checking wucflce, z+rl&h~d111, wins only againsf a RP,h a u s e in that case a knight-promotion does not save Black. 2 . . -- .-
P-R6
n ~ h o White d wants
1 to have the rook checking on the ranks,
I l l ROOK ENDINGS
02
w i b I e whcnevcr Black's king is ahtad o f thc pawn, I f the pawn w c x in front a chmk would most likdy improw the position of 3IacPs king. 2 ... K,-It4 3 R-R7 K-Kt 3
Drawn 3
...
K-Kt7
2 ROOK v. 'TWO PAWNS The rook is ill. adapted for combating after 2... PKt7 3. RKtI KB7 4. K K 4 united rawnu, but, in contrast to the KK7 5. KQ4 KQ7 6.KIM KB7. minor p k , it is in its element against 2 ... P-R7 disconnected pawns, the farther apart 3f 2. .. P-Kt7 3. K-K3 K -Kt6 the better because the enmy king is bss (Black*$king is awkwardly placed on the able l o dcfcnd them, seventh rank, for if 3... PR7? WXik 204 Wnitcd pawns arc bat for captures tho KIP with cRBCR) 4. K-Ktl Black net l&.t because they support one ch. K- -It?. 5. R--QKtl K-KtS, with another'* advance. W e n neithcr king is repelition of moves. If Black plays his k:ng to the KR present Ihe pawns win if they are on the file, Whit* draws by threatening mate, sixth, and lose if they are not. e.g. Z... P-Kt7 3. K-K3 K-Kt6 4. R-Ktl ch. K-R6 5. K-33 K--RS (after 5... KR7? 6. RKtl both pawns' Fall) 6. K-B4 ere.
4 K-Kt4
3 R-QRI K-B7 Not 3 . . . K R 7 ? 4. KB3 PKt7, when 5. R x P pins the KtP. 4 K-K4 K-K7
After the check White's king attacks the pawn. This wouId not have been possible if Black k d kept the pawn ahead of {fie king-soc
the note to his
first move. 4
...
F R 7 K,-Kt8
5 R-B2 ch. 6 K--Kt3 P,-,,,,K8 Kt ch. 7 K-H3. White wins the knight. ~f in the diaUam kine were at Kj35 (imt@adof Q Q ~Re) could win ~ ? mehod y 1, but should attend to his kimh position &fore the rook. I. K-K4 (I. RUM? draws) I . . . P,--K6 (1 ... KB6 2. RR6 KKt6 3. KQ3) 2. R-QJ P-R7 3. R-Kt6 ch. K-R4 4. R-Kt8 K-R5 5 . K-R2.
203 Black cannot mwt to draw when neither his king nor pawn is beyand the third rank. 1 ... K-Kt4 If I... PR4 2. RR5 PR5 3. KK17 PR6 4. RR3 as in the text. 2 R-Kt7 ch. After 2. K Kt7? (2. RRT? PR4) Z... P--R4 3. K-B6 P-R5 4. K-K5 K-35 5. R-R7 K-Kt6 White's king does not m v c in lime for method I.
With the text-movc White deploys the rook without loss of time, a Enmse
White wins
6. KKt7 aIso wins. The idea &hind the tcxbphy, winning method IV, is to cut Black's king off from the pawn. It uppzies W F ~ ~wbcn I~Y thc defondirig
king is ~n the third rank or farther back.
Whoever plays wins Wfiitc plays 1. R-37 (the rook plays behind the must advanced pawn, not I . RR37PR7)
205 In White
10 R--QR3. The pawn is lost.
2. ROOK v. TWO PAWNS Whito wim easily if h i s king is in front
of the pawns, but otherwise it is not simply a question of whethr the rook wins or draws, for sometimes the pawns may win; tlzc result mostly depending on the White king's position,
I . . . K-KI
2. It-W
K--Q2 3. R x KtP K-43 4. R--QW. The pawns win after 1.. . P-Kt6 (or f ,., PB?) 2. K-B3 (the rook c m o t stop them, Ii2. M 7 PKt7, or if 2. RQKt7 PB7) 2.. . P-Kt7 3, R-QKt7 P-B7.
;
I 'jng
White plays and draws If 4. ., K-Kt6 ( 5 ... KR5 6.-3
cb. K R7 or 5 , KR5 KB$ with mating thmts) 6. R-R1 K-Ktf) ; er g76... K K U ? 7.KQ3, and
of his Ihe saves the 'Wtnst
may apture a pawn with a cheek or a pin. These are popular themes for have occurred C o m W but ~ ~ the mbrc than ham ia play. This study is by Salvioli, 1887. I K-34 K-Kt7 2 R-Kt1 It is always important to select the right pawn fof attack. 2. RQRl ? Iwes
I
137
5 . R--Kt1
K--47 H m too i f 5.. . KB6 ? 6.KBJ winning 5 K--Q*t
K-B7
P-R8 -Q KxR
JII ROOK ENDINGS
It is of course sometimes possible to win, directly or rndirecrly, by sucIr mating threats.
206 More frequently BlacYs ding is
out m the open, as here. The pos~t~uns of th~sand the next example, and thevarla. lions therefrom, arc those most 11B:eIyto
I
I I
occur in practice. If the dragram posltlon were moved cne fib to the right or one or two files kft, the results would be similar. The rook k best placed bchind the pawns; by checks on the fiie i t may help I
I
2 RCPOA
K-Kt4 (if 4... PQ7 5. RB3 ch. and 6. R x P pinning the last pawn) 5. R--I33 K--l37 (aTtt"r 5... KR5? 6. KB4 the matmg threats win for Wh te, for if 6. .. KR4 7. KK3. or if 6...f07 7.R x P PQE =Q P RRZ mate) 6. K-K4 K-KT, w ~ t ha draw. 2 R - X ~ c,, K-Q7 3 KLB4 P-B6 K--HI 4 R--QRS 5 K-43 ? ! 47.
1
Whltc's king lo approach, for this i~h ~ s
main problex. 1 K-Kt4 1 . R Q B 8 P Q 7 2. R x P c h 3. IiHB alao draws. 1 ... K-K6 The altcrnativc is 1 . . F B6 2. R-K8ch.K-05 (2 ... KQ4 3 . K Q B j , ch. KB5 4. KB4) 3. K B4 (not 3. KB3 ? PI37 4. KQ8 cR. KK4) 3. .B-R7 (a J... PQ7 4. RQ8 ch. KB5 5 KKJ) , 4. K-08 cP. K -R6 (4 ... KBS 5 . r Bhck plays and wins RBScb:~Q4? 6. ~ $ 35 . ) ' ch. If in this example White's king were K--Q7 (5.. . KKt7 6. KKJ) 6. K-R4 on a square othcr than KKtS the K-K7 7 . K-P-07 8. RxP. folkowing rfiults arc obtained: 2 R-,,K8 ch. K--47 White K at KKt4. White plays and Black must obstruct his pawns. If wins, 1. R-Kl ch. K - 4 5 2. R -B3 (2.. PI36 3. RQB ch. KBS 2... KB7 3. RQ8 KK7 4. RK8 ch. KQL K-36 4. KK3 PQ7 5. KK2 KKt6 6. KQb) 5. RQBI. 3 . It-Ql38 ( 3 . KK3? KB7 4. RQ8 3 K-B3 PB6 5. R x P KKt7 draws) 3.. . K-Q5 White draws only by playing to this 4. K-B2 P--86 5. K--Kl, and when square, from wfzoic I I I~~ ~ U V Ceither S to White's krng t s in front of thegdwns they K4 or K2 according io Black's play. are helo.ess, 5. .. P-B7 6. K--Q2 K-KS " 7. R-B3. 3 ... P--B5 White K at XRt3 (KKt2, KKtl). 4 R,-,,,,.QB8. Whitc nlays and wins. 1. K--DZ. Black The rook plays hhind the unplays and wins, I . . . P.'-36 2. R -K8 ch. obstructed pawn. K - 4 4 , disengaging his king. If 4... K-B7 5. R-Q8 'P-Q7 While K at KB6 (QKt6, QM,Q6). 6. K-K2, or if 4... PB7 5. KK4. White plays and draws, his king attackBlack to play: ing the paws from the rear, I. RK8 ch. 1 ... K--K6 KBd 2. RO8 KR7 3. RK8 ch. KQ7 Not I ... P-B6? 2. K- Kg ch. K--B6 / 4. KK5 (035)PB6 5. KQ4 aird now 3.R,--BSP-337 ( 3 ...PQ7 4.RxPcR. 1 5...KB7 6.KB4,or5...PBT fi5,RQB8. Black plays and wins, 1... PM. KK5 5. Rmch.KK4 6, RB8) 4 K-B5 J 38
v. TWO P A W N S
White K at KRI, KR2, KR6, KKt6, K6, QR6, or on 7th or 8th rznk, Black wins, playing ... PBb as soon ar possibfc. White K at KRS, KR4, KR3. BIack play and wins, I.,. PB6. White
plays aid draws. WhitcKat QRS, QKtS, QB.Whoever pfays wins. Whcn White's king is on other squares than thae it can block thc pawns and win.
I K-47
3. R-KR8, when the k i n s are on opposite sides of the pawns rhe rook
1 may
operate rank-wise. 3. .. Y-,-BB (3 ...PQ6 4. RR2 cb.) 4. R-K4 F-Q6 (4... P87 5. KRX ch.) 5. R-Rl ch, I K-47 6. R-RZ ch.
208 A
study aftw Schultx, 1946.
K"--KL4 He may aIso win by 1. R--QBS white must not attack the wrong pawn, 1. RKt5? PI36 2. R x P KQ4 3. RKtS RQ5 dram) 1. .. P,,-B6 2. K-,Kt4, but not 2 RB4? KQ4 3. RxKtP PI37 4. RICtS ch. KQ3 5. RKt6 ch. KB2, for it is mox imp&ant to get the king back than to snatch pawns,
207 To have the pawns thc other way round, as it wem, is much more drawish. Here Whitc to play at Imsl draws wherever the kine - Is. 1 K-Kt? K-Q6 The attempt I.. PQ5 is answered here and in other contexts by the finesse 2. RB4 ch. followed by 3. R xP; but not by 2, R x P ? PQ7, when the puwn quaens, 3. RB4 ch. KK4 4. KB5 ch. KKJ 5. RBBch. KQ2.
.
Whoever plays wim
.
If I... KQ3 2. KBJ; or if l... PKt6 2. RKt5 KQ3 3. K133. 2 R-QBS Black must not be priritted to get his nawm to the sixth.
Whik plays and draws
BIack plays and wins
2 K-BS 3 K-K5
K - -B7 P---a6 P-Q7
3 R--338
K---QJ
4 K-Q4 Ilere too the attempt to win a pawn by 5 RxPch. ' 3. R W ? is inco~r&t. Black to play wins by 1.. KQ6, etc. ! K-Q4 + . White too has fewer winning chances. K-'3 R-Q5 If his king were at KKtl (instad of K-'K2+ KRS) it would not be able to btock the And White Mocks the pawns. pawns, e.g. 1. KB2 KQ6 2. KKI K87. White wins if his king is at QR4 331a:k lo play must be careful as to (instcad of KR8). I ...K-Q6 2. R-Kt3 I which pawn he advances:
.
] '
1
139
... .
q u m endin& However 3. R-R8 R x P P-El6 f (4.- - P85 fro bet led 4. K x R 1. , p - ~ t e 2. R-K~S K,,,,,,q3 tor R--QB# P.--KtS 6. K-.sfi dram, 2... p ~ 3 ,t R ~ p ~ ~ 3.4~ -1 ~ t 5. 4 KICB3 4. R,-Kt8 K 5. K - 4 3 Exm~b RxP 3 K-,Q5 draws, as noted in the preceding
...
1
examnit.
2 R--QB5 3 R-B8 4 K-Kt4 K-K5 Only this move, fending off White's king, wins; Tor if 4.. . RQ5 ? 5. KB4. K-Kt? .9, ----I f 5 . R K ,.h, ~ KQ6 6,RQ8 ch. KD7 7, m3 p ~ ~ or 6 ;if 5. R'8$ &. KQ6 6.R x P PB7 7,RKt3 ch. KQ4. 5 ... K 4 6 K-333 P-Kt6
4KxR 5 R R8
"he pawn amol
P-B6
be stopped after
5. RxPPB7.
I
II
...
P-Kt5 K--K4 If White's king- were at KKL6, then this ferding-off mamuvre would be "SSedal; but h ~ m 6... Kw ~ ~ f f i o e ~ . 7 K-Kt6 R--Q5 ~ c m u o c o n s i s i ~ n... t 7KK5 8. R W ch. KQ6 9. R x P PB7 also wins. 5 6 R.--QB8
1
The simpler way is 8... KQ6, Exampie 209 T a r s 1 1 v. Janowski, Ostcnd, M6. 9 R-Q8 cR. K-K6 1907. Colours reversed. 9... KB53 10. ILK4 draws. 1 ... P--,I35 I0 R--QKf8 Ebreseeinp, an ending of tm unitcd Fanowski resignd after 10. RK8 ch. pawns v. a rook, Tamasch a d v m s thc KQ6 11. RQ8 ch. KB7. BP, and indeed I... FKt5 is far ims 10 ... P-Kt7 promising. Avi)iJilrg tllc: trap lo.,. PU7? 11. 2 RXP K-43 R x P ch. KQ5 12. RKt4 ch. KQ4 3 R-R5 ? 13. RKt8 pH--Q? 14. RQ8 ch. While now threatens both R x P and I 1 K-K5 K,-B5 pxobably howd for 3 . . . RKtS, and PB6? 4. RKtS R x R 5. K x R PB7 Both I1 ... KQ71 12. KQ4 and I I ... 6. PKt8=Q PB8-Q ch. with a dmwish PB7? 12. RKU ch., draw. f2 KwB5 K-K7 Nut 12... K-KtS? 13. R-Kt3 K-R5 (13 ... KB7 14. KK4) 14. R---Kd ch. R-R4 15. R-KtS, when the mating threats draw. 13 K-K4 K-Q8 I4 K 4 3 P-R7 I5 R---KRI P-B8-- Kt ch, 16 K-B3
P-.Kt8 -Q.
210 Tn the absence of
Drawn
1
kings disconnected pawns one file ap;trf lose ii Black cannot eet eithc* of them beyond the sixth runt The rook combats un-
1.40
2 ROOK r. TWO PAWNS supported isolated pawns frun t h rank: 7 ... K-46 1. R-BZ (1. RQBI? PR7 2. XQR8 8 K ,,,,,,,. K-I36 PB7) I ... K-,Kt6 2. R-,-I32 and botfl 9 K--KJ K--Kt7 p w n s btl. Not hem 1. K-Kt6? P-..R7 10 K--Q2 KxR (the choix of pawn is important, for if 1 f K........B 1 stalemate. I . . . PB7? 2. RBI. White wins after 2... KKt6 3. KB5 k ~ t 74. RBI, 2x1 Wllc11 BI~ck'hking i s r ~ marid ~, Z... PR7 3. KB6 KKt6 4. KK5) 2. White's is far off, the rook should k R-Bf K-Kt6 3. K-R5 K-Kt7 behind the pawns, -use chxks on the 4. R-,--QRl K-86 5. R X P K-R6, ranks m a y be: answered by a pawn with a draw. advaxe, Howcvcr far away his king, White draws if the pawns arc not yet both on the sixth (or one on the seventh and the otha on the fifth). Hb drawing chances are better here than against united pawns. 1 R--Q7 ch. K-B7 2 R--QR7 When the king shelters hhind one pawc, the rook attacks the other. 2 ... K--Kt6 3 R-Kt7 ch. When the king crnarp, the rook c h ~ h on s the file. White plays and wins 3 ... K-R7 Black plays and draivs 4 R--QB7. I f Black's king g m away altogether, Kockclkorn, 1888, shows the drawing .I... KKt6 5, RKt7 ch, KBS 6. R87 ch. idea here. KQ5 7.BQ7 ch.KK5, the rook attacks 1 .., P-R7 the foremost pawn, 8. RQB7. I,.. PB7 is also sound, but not I . . . When the pawns are on thc sixth KKt6?, for with his king cn the sixth White sometimes draws if his king is not rank therc i s a dangcr of White attacking too fdr away, as shown by Cheron (1945) from the rear and capt~iringa pawn with after 1. K-BS P-K6 : check, 2. XiRl PR7 3. R x P ch. 2 R-Q7 ch. 2 R-BI P-37 Not 2. KK4? PB7 3. RQ7 ch., aitd 3 K-Kt6 K--,.Kt6 now that the pawns are sufficiently 4 K--B5 K-Kt7 advanced, Black's king simply gets out 5 R-QR1 K-I36 of tht. way, 3 . ., KM8 (taking covm from When Black's king i s on the scvcnttd checks) 4. RQB7 PR7. rank there i s a danger of the rook captux2 ... K.,,,,,,,KS iag onc pawn and ginning the other, if If 2. .. K-48 blocking his BP, White 5... KB7? 6. R x P .
or
brings up ihc king 3. K-K4 P--B7 ( 3 , PRY 4. Q.RQR7) 4. K-QJ P-R7 (4. KQ8 5. RKR7) 5. R-KR7 K-Kt8f7) 6. ~-kt7 ch. K---BS
.. ..
Black wins a k r 7 . KQ5? KQ6 8. 1 K g 5 KB6 9. KK4 KKt7 10. RQ3 1 7. R-KR7, with reptition. PB8--Q. If the king g m to the seventh, 2... [
2 ROOK
TWO PAWNS
V.
White kras no ref plan; ho mere& harrasm Black as much as possibfe with checks, pin?, and skewer-tlmCs.
f 12 White wins if his king can block one of the pawns; bui whcn bh king is
K-08 Thc q~ickmtway, aIzhough ao harm comes from IIIC detour 2... K-K8 3. R-K7 ~ h K-B8 . (not 3 . . . KB77 4. RQR7 drawing, for if 4... P67? 5. KQB7, White winning) 4. K-BS P-B7 (4 ... PR7? 5. R n 7 ) 5. RKR7 K-Kt8 6. ch. K-B8 7. R-KR? K-K7 (7...PR71 8. R R I &. KK7 9. RRI draw) 8, R-K7 ch. K--Q6 3. R-Q7 ~ hK--36 . 10. R-B7 4 *.. P-37 cR. K-Kt6. If 4... f R 7 5. RR1 ch. KK7 6.RRI. 3 R--QR7 P-B7 If 4... KKi8 5. RKt7 ch., whilst 4... The text continuation is by Selesnicv, U t 7 ?I m after 5. RQR7. 1921. Bcrger and K ~ k e l ~ r n1888, , 5 R-R2 P-R7 show a9 alternative win: J... KKt7 6 R---Rl ~ h . K-K7 4. RKt7 ch. KR8 5. RQB7 PR7 6. RBS 7 R-RI. K 4 6 KKt7 7. RKt7 ch. KR6 8. RR7 ch. S K-W. KKf6 9. RKt7 ch. Xi35 10. RQR7 PB7 11. KK4 RKt4, but not t l ... KB4? 12. KQ3.
Ulc pawns, wppoitd by their king, oniy when hey are not beyond thc fourth
K-K7, then 3. RQB7 PR7 4. RQR7 PB7 5. R XF pinning, the BP. Jf the king aaes to the sixth, 2.. K-K7 3. R - 4 ~ 7K-Q7 4. R 4 7 &. K-KG, then 5. RQR7 PB7 and the rook captures with c k k . 3 R- Ki cb. K.-B8 4 R-RR7 When Black's king rnovcs a w y from the pawns, the m k attacks rank-wix. If it ann not do t h i s , as would happen if this position were moved one file to the right, then the pawns win.
.
2
4
...
K-35
If 4. R x P KKt7.
...
K-,.Kt7 Now tblit the pawns are far mm~gh forward Black simply wanls to get his king out of the way. 5 R-KC7 ~ h . 8-46 6 XI--,,B7ch. K--Kt6 7 K-K4 Xf 7. RKt7 ch. KR5 8. RQB7 PR7; but after the text-move Black takes White piays a d dram Biack plays and wins cover from checks at K8. K-Kt7 . . .Drawing by sytdlema*, us in &a preA CllrjoUs dmw follows T... P-,-RTA? d i n g example. 5. K-Q3 K-Kt5 (8... PR8-Q 9. Pawns on ihe sixth strpportcd by their RKtRh. KR2 10. RR7 ck) 9. R-Kt7 king win if tha enemy king is too far i ch, K-R4 R-QR7 a w ~ ~ , a s h a ~ w r n w i t R B l a c k t ~ ~pBS,O? ~a~: Il.R137ch.~l l , K x P K x R 4
... f ... P-B7
I
1
P-R6
1
also wins, 2. R 4 7 ch.
Y-338 (2..KK8 3.RK7eh.KB811 4. RQB7) 3. R.--QR7 P-R6 trans-
posing to the text-piay. 2 R--47 ch.
I
'12.'~&2.
8 R,,-Kr7 ch. 9R--B7ch. 10 R-Q7 cA.
K-R6 fc-7
K-K8.
IfII.RKR?PB8;Q,andiflI.RQBl
1 PR7.
far away he hiis winning chances against &fit
I I I
5
. ..
K-K6 P-B4
6 -3 If6... RQG 7. R
R-f17
Q c~h . x ~ 78.RQB7. K-QS
8 K,,-B2 P-B5 9 K-K2 K--R6 Afkr 9... PB6 this p a w Is lost.
Rere Whitc's king i c a h ~ r as t badly
placed as it could be. The text play i s given by Maixlis, 1950. 1. K-R7
10 K,--K3 11 K x P
K-,,.Kt6 PB6
Wi:h the move Bfack draws by 1,,.
%-K4 2. K-R7 K-Xt4, but not by I... PM? 2. R17 KK4 3. R x P c h . KQ5 4. RBI PK4 5. RQl ch. (getting thc rook to the queening square!without loss of time] 5. KB6 6. RKI KQ5 7. KB7, when White wins.
,.
213 When the disconnected pawns are further apart thcir chances of winnine diminish. Drawing chances arc about the same, b u s e in most cases only one pawn can kerapidly advanced, and th* other is almost an on~ookm,so that it amounts to a R v. P ending, the mutt mostly depending on the White
White plays and wins Bldck plays and draws Whitc ftrst gets his king into pfdy. The rook can wait until its k t position is apparent: indeed, the attempt to snatch a pawn by 1. R-87? P-K4 2. R x R h . draws after 2... RW 3. RB7 FKS 4. RR6 K 3 5 beciause the rook obstructs the kina. f ... P-K4 Jf I . . . PPW2. KRC; or i f 1 KKt4 2, RK7 {gaining time) 2... KB4 3. KR6. 2 K-It4 If 2.. PK5,White cuts otT the king, 3. RR5. 3 K-R5 P-KS 4 K-R4 First one shoufd deal with the most advancad pawn, hem tho RP. Lnter there is time for mapping-up. 4 ... K-BS S R-B7 ch. The familiar check on the file forces the apprcach of his king.
king's position.
Here a draw by rqxtition follows
I
... KK6
2. KKtl K Q A 3. RKtl.
The rules for dangerously advanced pawns when White's king i s absent arc as follows: Pam on the sixth rank two or more files apart v. rook on th? second rank: Black cannot win.
1
143
nr ROOK
3 ROOK
ENDINGS
K-85
Piwns on the scventh rank 2 or 3 files apart v , mok on the first rank: Black
usually win5 ifhis king is nearcr than White's, but not otherwise. Pawns or, the seventh rank 4 or more files apart v. rook on the first rank: Black cannot win. Finally, if White's king is better praced, i.e, it prwents Bfack's king from aiding his pawns, then White wins asily.
8. K- B l P,--R6 (9. draws) 9... P-B4 10. K,,,,,,,,Ktl K-Kt5 I t . R-R$ch, Y-B5 . ~ ch. 7 13. K,,,,,,-RI (not ch.) 13 ... K - ~ 6 1.4,
Or 7,,. P-Kt6
. R K U ~ ) 9. R - Q R ~
3. ROOK v. THREE P A m S
United Pawns arc best for Black, and they win iT Whitc's king is unable to confront thm. When White's king gels in Ront of the pawns his rook attacks from the side or rear and forces a blockade. Xf then one of the piwns is on the sixth or sewnth the game is nr)rmally drawn; bu; White wins tf the pawns are blocked farther back. White esually wins against isolated pawns if his king is not Rrther away than Black's king.
rank. 11
...
12 K,-Kt3
1 3 K-- I34
White plays and wins
game it was Black's move.
...
THREE PAWNS
here with h e KtP a d v a n d ahead of the RP, &le 206. In the gamc: Black could not avoid moving the RF ahead, and consequently he drew: 3.. . K,-K4? 4. R--KI ch. K.,,,,,-B55. R-B1 ~ h K-K5 . 6. R x P F"R6 (6 ... PKtS 7. RK6) 7. R-Kt6 K--I15 8. K-45 P-Kt5 9. R.--KR& Exarn~ieW7. 4 K-B5 Lf 4. R--KI ~ h K-B4 . 5. K - 4 5 (5. RBI. ch. KK5 G.R x PPKt6,Examgb 206) S .. P-Kt6 6.R-31 ch. (6. KQ4 PRG 7. KK3 KKtS) 6 . . . K-Kt5 7.
1
P,,,--Ki5 7. K-K2
P-B4?)). 8 K-B2 KWi.Rt4 Black suddenly Ands himself on the defensive, After 8 PK16 ch. 9.KKt2 KKt5 10. RRR7 PBS 11. RRt7 ch. KB4 hc loses h m u s c his pawns are b l ~ k e d 12. , R-Kt8 K-K5 13. RKt4. 8. .. P,,,,,,-R6 also loses, 9. R---.KKt7
P-Kt4
2 K-46 ~ h . K-K 3 3 K-45 Once a ~ a i nit is pointed out h a t White should first attend to his king's position. He actualty pfayed 3. R-RZ ? and shnuld have last-see Variation A. 3 ... K-K4 4 K--&I K K5 5 R-K7 ch. As USUP, the check on tfie file forms the king's approach. If now 5 . .. KB6 6 RKB7.
...
K-K4 (9 ... KKS 10. KKt3, and now 10... K K 6 I I . RK7 ch.. cr 10... PB5 ch. 10. K , - - ~ F K-K3 ; 1%. 12. K,,,,,,,,K3 1 3.
1
144
9 R-KR7
P-R6
K-K4
P-Kt7
8. R X Y f-Rb
9. R-Kt6 ch. K-R4 110. K-B5 P. .R7 I t . K.-,Kt8 K-R3 12. K--B6 K-R2 13. R-Kt7 ch. K-RI, a fascinating
...
4 K ...,,K4 5 K-B4 K-K5 ---. Nui 5.. PKi6? 6. KQ3 KR5 7. KK2 PR6 5. RR4 ch. RKt4 9.KBJ, with a blochde to follow, 6 R-Kl ~ h . K- B6
.
RKRS KKt2 18. RR5) 15. R-,.,KRfr K-Kt2 16. R--R5 K-Kt3 17. R--Kt5 ch. K.--R3 18. 13--,-Kt#K-R2. White keeps his king on KKt3 or KR3 when Bl~ck'srook is cn its Bfth
21 4 Wztikas v. Klein, Buxton, 1950. After 1. K-I36 ch. K-K3 (I ,.. KKt3 2. KQ5 KR3 3. KK4 leavw Black helpless) 2. R x P (breaking up thc pawnsf 2... P-B4 3. K-BSK-K4 4. R-K7 ch. K-135 5. K-Q4 P,-R6 6. R-K7 K-Kt6 7 . K--K3 F.-BS ch. (7... PR7 8. RKt7 &. KR6 9, KB2) 8, K in six.Bur inthe K-Kt7 N i t r : 1
v.
White normally wins if his king gets in front of three united pawm on their fifth rank because they can hc blockaded: 9...PHS 10. KKt2 PR6 ch. l i , KR2 KKtJ f 2. RR8 KKt4 13. RKBE: FB6 14. KKo3 KRt3 15. Ri34. XO $3--KR8 K -Kt3 11 R-K88 Not 11. KKt3? RRt2 12. ROR8 KB2 13. KB4 KKt2, the sanjard drawing line fox afl chains of three when the pawns arc on the fourth, fifth, and sixth ranks, if While captures the BP Black's other pawns advance. Black keeps his kina on KR2, KKtZ, or KR2 when the rook is on its eighth rank, or on KH3, KKt3, or K R 3 when the rook i s on i t s seventh rank. Black keeps his king on KB2 or K R ~ when Z the rook is a; its sixth rank: 14. R-R6 K,,,,,,,-B2 (14... KR2? 15. KKt5 KKt2 16. RRth ch. KB2 17.
7 K-Q3
i
K-Kt4
11
K--Kt3
Of m u m if 7. RBI ch. KK7 8. R x P
PKi6, Example 206.
F,-Kt6 White ow wins after 13 ., . K ~ ~ ~ ~ ~7 ~...~ ~ ~ R 3 8 R-Bl&. K-,Kt7 14. XI-B(i ch. and 15, K x P. 9 R-QR1 The position after White's 13th move is also won with White to play: 14. Black meets a few awkward thwts KKt3 KKt4 IS. RRt8 ch. KR3 16. ~ J W ~ U "his Pawns are on the edge of K132 KR4 17. K K 3 K R 3 18. RK2! fhe board. If 9. xP PRG or if 9- RKl PR6 RR4 19. KB2, and now 19.. PBS 20, 1 1 - K34 KB7 12- RKRJ RR8ch, KKt4 21. KKtl KD4 22. KR2. ~~-~ or 19... KRS 20. RKlT KR4 21. f?R4 with m g m W 3 . KKII KR3 12. RKf8 KR4 23. 9 . .. K-B7 (Kopaiev). Variation A. (I ... P-Kt4 2. K-M cb. K-K3). 10 K-K4 P-Kt7 3 R-RI? Not 10... PR6? 11. RR2 ch. UnIess the pawns we r d y menacing, I1 K - a ~ h . K-Kt6 the rook should bide i t s time. I2 R-RI K-R7 3 ... P-Kt5 13 K-,--34 P-Kt8=0 Thcwinningideaistogetapairof 14RxQ RxR ldvaMCd united pawns as quisWy as 15 K--K$4 K-Kt7 W b I e , and winning chances are h t k r I6 K x P K-B6, "
.
&/
I
145
- .
4 RClOK AND P A W N
Ifl ROUR ENDINGS
215 If White's king is satisfactorily placed, then isoiatd pawns iow even when far advanced, as in thisendingwon
by Tartakower, Paris, 1933. CoIours revered. f It-Ktl K- Kt5
I
,
'
1 1 R--KBb 12 K XP 13 K-K2 B I resigns+ ~ ~
A
K-I35
K-K5 ~
Four unit4 pawns may well dofcat a I rook; but i f they am far h c k , and if 2 K-Q2 K-B6 Whrte's king is nearby, a draw is to be 3 R-RI P--H5 expected. If the four pawns are not w n 4 R-QRI P-R5 nccfed White's chanca improve, but 5 R-4Rl P---I36 ch. Black &nemUy has sufficient drawing 6 K-Q3 1 resources. The principles arc the same: White a n n o t prevent the pawns' White's king must be brought to the advance; h t rather hc wclcomcs it, for . scene, and the morc advanced pawns the sooncr will Black run out of moves, I dealt with firsf; a. to Black, he should and be forced to move his king away. ) valuc his connected pawns more than his isoIaied pawns, and his best plan is P-B7 6 ... often that of forcing a pair of advanc~d 7 K-Q2 F--R6 united pawns. 8 R-KBI P ,R7
I
1
I
9 R-QBI? 4. ROOK AND PAWK Y.
ROOK
This ending i s normally drawn when
the p m n is blocked by 'Black's king. Aginst a KtP Ire should not allow his king to be driven away. Against a Centre P or I3P Black may permit his king to bc driven to the short side o f the pawn, w b n the result should still be a draw. When Blak*s king cannot biock ihc pawn While's dranrjw at-emore promising than is the case with minor p i m , h a u s e there is no question of the
defender sacrificing his rook for the \mite plays and wins
9.KQ3 is c u m t , keeping Hack's king away from ihc quen's side, and edging him away from the KBP, 9... KKt7 10. KK2 KKt6 11. RQ31 KKt7 12. RQRX RKt6 13. RKBI, and Black is in zugmang. 9 ... K-Kt7? Black should pldy 9.. . K--K5 10. K--,,K2 (if 10. K x P RK6, or 10. RKBI KQ5 11. K x P KK6, supporting the KBP) 10... K-5 1 1 . K 4 2 (11. K x P KB6 12. KK2 KKt7 supporting the QRP) t 1.. . K-KS, with a draw by repetition. 10 K,,,,-.K2
K-Kt6
pawn.
Ry mntraIling all fhc sqJares on a file or a rank the rook may see up a barrier cutting off the defcnding king, and pmventing zts approach. For KIP, BP, or Centre P thc following rdes apply when the defending king is cut off on the file: A pawn rm the fifth or kyond wins if the cncmy king i s cut off by one fik. Excep:ions occur with BP or Centre P when the defcnding king is on the short side of the, ndwn. A pawn on thc fourth wins if the enemq king is cut OR by two film. An exmprion is the KtP, for which three fibare n w u r y . A pawn on the third wins if tht:enemy king i s cut off by three files.
on fie sec~nd-ins if the enemy kirg i s cut off by five Be$, whilst four files am enough for a BP. There are also g o d winning chamif i4a defmding king is harizontatIy cut off, M n d the pawn, and cannot get back to block it. Unlike the similar case with minor pi-, the RP is very draw:sh. White cannot easily protect his king from checks, his RP providing no cover. A RP on the fifth wins for certain only when the enemy king i s cut off by four files, and z RPon the fourth if the enemy Iring i s cu: off by five film. BIack genwally drawswhen the pawn is farther h c k . White in all c a w tries to keep Black's king at a d i s m , Black to bring it ncamr. Hack uses his rook to attack the pawn, and to drive White's king away whenever it taka up an aggrisivc position andjor is about to help the advance of tho pawn. The
RRQQK
draws H w Black miy safely play I... RKtl. 2 K--.K87 If 2. RR8 ch. KKtZ.
2
...
R--R3
3 P--,KI6 4 K-R6
rouk moves
R-R8 ch.
Drawn
to the limit d the board, w a far as possibje, so that i t s chocking-distancei s at a maximum, and thus the opposing
Thechecks may be *.i*oidedby 5. KKtS RKt8 ch. 6. KRS RB8 ch. 7. KW RQ8 &. 8. RB3, but then the pawnfafls, 8... RQKtS 9. RB6 KKr2. White has winning chances if his king can move to the sixth before his pim,
king has lcss chance of csapiag a series of checks.
There are two files on wkat is called thc short side of the BP, and five on die long side; with n Gentl-cP the difkreixe is Iess m;trkcd. In either casc it is important for the defender, who wants to h e his king 011 the short side, and the lwg side Icfi clear for his rook; for if lris rook is on the short side the checkingdistanct:is nclt long enough. The KtP, RP, and Centre P art: con-
because he tthcn has mating threats:
1 K-RS XI-Kt 1 Against a KtP Black l m s if his rook
I ... XI-QRt8I (or I,.. KB1? 2. RR8 ch. KQ2 3. PKtfi) 2. K-Kt6 (2. RR8 ch. ICB2 leads nowhere) Z... K-81 (or Z... RQB8 3. RK8 ch. RBI 4. R XKcR.) 3. R-R8 ch. K.--Q2 4. R,,,,,,,,QKt8, guarding the 5 . E,,,,,,,R7 K.--B2 pawn, 4... R-Kt7 (5... AR7 ~ h .6. KKt7) 6. F-Kt6 &, K-B3 7. R-B8 ch. K-+2 (7... KKt4 8. PK:7 RR7 cb. 9. KKt8 KKt3 10. RBI RR7 11. RKtl ch.KBJ 12.RQR1) 8. P-Kt7 (while assisting the pawn's stays on the eighth rank,
sldcrcd first; and the RP later.
2 6 When the king is blocking thc pawn, Philidor Faid down thz drawing method against a p ~ w non any file: Black's rook slays on the third rank, preventing the advancc of White's king. When, and if, the pawn mnvm tn the. sixth, Black's rook moves to the eighth, tfireateninga series of checks on the files. 1 ... R-Kt3 Against a KtP, but not agzinst a BP or Centre P, the rook on the first rank
iT.
advanm, White's ki~igis saiv ~I,OIIIr;l>w&
I
on thc rank), 8... R-R7 A. 9. K-Kt8 R-KS, and tRem remains the task of extricating the king, which is shown by %Ivio in 2i9+ 2 P,,-,-Kth R,.,,,-KB I.
147
4 ROOK A
Xf 1 4 . . RB8 ch. 14. K R S RKt8 ch.
Mot 2. KKt4? WJ. 3. RxR (else Black's kifig ngcrosscs the QB file) J... K X R 4.KR5 KKt2. 2... R-R1 ch. Against a pawn on the fiftb the chacking distanm is too short. and hchecks run out. 3 K,-Kt6 R-Kt l ch. 4 K-Xi6 R-K1 ~ h . 5 K-Kt7 R---R7 6 P-Kt6 R-QKt7 7 K-R7 R-R7 ch. 8 K-Kt8 R-QKt7
16. RKfQ. I5 R-K4 ~ h .
If 15 ... W3
K-32 16. RK8 RB7 ctt.
17. KQ5.
16. R-KS. Tire threat of 17, RQKt5 is unanswer-
able. Mack to play mu9 prevent PKtS: R-Rt ch. 1 .,. If at oncc I... K--Q2' hoping to o p p e rooks, then 2. R-W (2. PKt5? nQno 2... R - R ~CII. (2... RQBI 3. R x R ) 3. K-Kt5 R-Kt1 ~ h 4.. R-KI ch. 5. K-Kt7 followd by PKtS. 2 K-Kt3 White's king and pawn cannot advance unaided, 2. RKtS RKtI ch.
9 F-Kt7 R-QR? 10 R-34 In this position* White's king extricates itself by sheikring behind the rook.
10.R-35 also wins.
10 ... R-R8 If lo... KG3 11. KB8,orif 10... R R 7 11. RQR4 RQKt7 12. KR7. 11 R-+ch. K-,K 3 If 11 ..,KB3 12.KB8. 12 R-B8 ch. 13 K,-Kt6 R-,,,,-K':S ch. R,,-Kt7 14 K--R6 * For no good reason this ia often called
1II
White plays and wins the checks on the- rank, 3. 4. PKS;.
3. KRS RRt ch. 4. RRt6, because of 4... RKtl ch. and White m a t retreat or bw his pmvn. Against a ?awn on the
The sjrnpkst way. 2. .. RQKtl preventing the pawn's advance also draws. 2... R-RI issuund, and if 3. F-Kt5 R-R5 when boih kinp arc cut ofT from the pawn. The result then depends on how hr Black's king is from the queening square. Here it is near enough, and a draw follows 4. R-I33 (4. RR8 KQ2 5. RBI RKtS 6. RB3 RKRS 7. PKt6 RR3, or 4. PKtb KQ2 4. PKt7 RR1) 4... K - 4 2 5. K-R3 R-KB5 6. P-Kt6 R-H3 7. &-QKt3 K-BI, when Biack blocks the pawn. 1R-Bd R--QBI
4RxK
KxR
K,-K t l 5 g-K4 Lucena's position. It was first published on I white advanc=s ~ l takes ~ ~the k p. 69 of Salvio's book II Psrrtirto, aftrumenre 1 opposition. & r m , il covalirro crranre CI Solvlo -, thL d'@ram movul eh' posiii0' Ndlies, 1634, where the aulho? sttrjhulrr the the analysis of the position to S~ipionei one 0 ' two fib to the ieft I results, 'lhe winning id= shown by Genovino.
..
220 Black's king is favourably ptaccd, on the short side. On the Iong sidc his rook has a sufkient checking distance an the ranks. Ths play mlatcs to Example 218. I P--KS K-Kt2 The king on the short. side is best placed on the second rank.
5-46
fourth the checking distance is sufficient, and in order to advance Whitc must at somestageguard h b pawn with the rook, 2 ... K-Q2
White plays and wins Black plays end dntws
M P A W v. ROOK
Salvio applies equally to a BF or Ccntrc P when Xlkxk's king is on tht long side of the pawn, but not otherwise.
'
150
.. RRJ
ch.
2 K--Q5
R-QRI
3 P--K6 4 K.--B6 5 K--Q7
Ciriesmann pbyed I. RQ7? when Black draws by I... R-K5, attacking tfie pawn from &hind ( I.. . RQRS aiso draws) 2. K--QI K-,-,Kt2 3. K-B2, Exampie 218. 1 ... R-Kt6 2 R-RI R--Kt7 3 M Y K-Kt2 4 K-K7 R,--Kt7 Biack's rook i s f d a move too late. If it were his turn to play Re wuld draw by checking on the rarks; but after
R-R4
White's next move the chwking distunoe
Drawn ch. R-RJ ch. K-R2 ch.
is too short, White's rook having m u ~ i e dthe remote (OR)file.
The position of this examgle moved one fib tothe right is also drawn.
221 JavelIlle v. Grismann, Chideville, 1952. Calwrs reversed. When lack's king i s an the short side of he pawn On the fifth whitehas winning chances oilly if his king i s well forward, On the fifth Or sixth rank* and if defending rook i s badly fad, as here.
1 R-R1 T h i s prevents Dhck moving his rook away, if I... RQR5 2. RKtl. ch. KR2 3. KX36.M%itewins if hb king has a m s to the KB'file, for his pawn then covers
8 K-B6 9 K--Q6
I
/
lo P--K7*
222
wen~
R-K2
R-Kt2 l E~~ ~ ison ~ *hey
~
of a ~ p $he , long $ide is always
fongenough for the defending rook,and winning chnccs tftcrefore more slender than i s thc caw with a cenrre pawn. Such c n d i n ~arc drawn, but hew, with every factor in his favour, While just wins. An understanding of this position is the key to the notorbus R+BP+RP v. R ending, Exam;3les 248-250.
I51
4
III RQQK ENDINGS 1 R-K6 ctt, 1 PB6? kQR8 2. RBI KKt3 3. PI37 KB3 draws. 1
...
K--,,R2
2 P-B6
R--QRI
3 K-X38
Thc essential winning rnanmuvre, holding oE Black's king. Naithcr 3. KK8? RRlch. 4. RK7 KKt3, nor 3. RK8? RR2 ch. 4. KB8 KKt3 suffices. 3 ... K-Kt3 If 3 . . . R-R1 ch. 4. R-K8 R-R8 (4 ... RR2 5 . KK7ch.) 5. P,,-B7 R,-R2 6.R ,,,,,,,.08.
4 ... R-R2 ch. C M i s are permissible when White's rook is no longer on the sixth rank. 5 K-K7 Xf 5. hB8 KKt3. 5
...
R R1
R-QRt 1 H--,Kt2 ch. K-Kt3 9 P-I37 R-Kt1 cft. 10 K,,-K7 XI--Kt2 ~ h . I1 K-KS R-Kt3 ~ h . With a XXP on the f ~ w h or farther back, Black should always draw if his king is on the short side ofit. 6 R-Q7
7 R-QI 8 K-K8
223 Blackdrawbykwpinghiskin$ on either 8 4 or K3. 1 R-Q2 A tempc-move. White's king and pawn cannot advancc against the enemy r d , 1. KB4 RBI ch. 2. KKt5 RRtl&.
White plays and wins
Nack plays and d r a w 4 P-B7 ch. 5 ll-KB6
K--R2 R-Kg R-K6 K-Kt3
6 R-B2 7 R---R2 ~ h . 8 K--Kt& BIack to play simply prevcr:15 White's mantruvre, 3. KR8: I ... R---QR8 R-R2 2 R-K6 ch. 3 P-36 R-R 1 Not 3... RRZ ch.? 4. KM KKt3 5. PB7 ch. This discovered cRmk is the
3. KB5(RS) RBl(R1) ch. 4. KKt6 RRf i ch.-Black chocks the W t e king whenever it threatens to support the advance FKtS. 1 K-K3 With I.., KKS? Black vcntums tw far fonvard, and is cut off on the rank 2. R-Q6 (2. RQ7 also wins) 2... K-K4 3. R-486 K--Q$ 4. K--It4 R-KR1 (4 ... KHS 5. R M ch. KQ4 6. PKtS) 5. F-Kt5 R-R8 6.K-436, Example 219.
...
AND P A W v. ROOK
2 R-W This i s the other way (contrasted with A* ideal square for the rook from . R--K4) in which mite's rook may which i t holds off lack's king, and also guard his pawn, and thus free his king. Black's king mturns, but Bnisha up on guards thc pawn. the tong side of the pawn. 2 ... KKK4 K-K3 It is meatial bo dislodge the rook. If R-B4 2.. KKZ? White's king may advance R-I31 because the pawn i s now defended by P,RS R--,.Kt1cR. tfie rook, 3. KW RBI ch. 4. KKt5 If 8... KQZ 9.RQI ch., Example 2f 9. RKtl ch. 5 . UQ KK3 i 6.PKtS. 3 R-Q1 KC-K3 9 K-B7 R-Kt7 4 R-Q2 K,,,,,,,,,K4. 10 P,,-BG, $ I U too ~ 4. ..K-K2? logs, 3. ~4 The position of h i s dingram moved one Ke to the right is also won for K + K ~ (3.,+ R Q ~4. R ~j 4,K-W R-Bl ck. (4.,. KK4 5 , ROS ch, KK3 6. PKt5) 5. K-Kt5 ~ 1 K45~ ... 4 225 Black's king is on the shoft side. R K ~ ~I h 6.. m6) 4. R--.QW R-K~I cb. 7. ~ - . ~~ f- ,i , 0 48. R - R ~ ~ 4 3 3 White wins in quitc a different way, by 9. p - ~ # ~ h gLw . 10, R-RS ch. means of mating threats when Black's K--cg 11. P - m , when 81ack'r wok on or R5. ia rnisplaoed. 4.. . RKt2?, shortening the checking distance, also loses, 5 . KB4 RB2 ch. 6. RKtS RKt2 ch. 7. KB5 RB2 ch. 8. KKt6 RBI 9. PKt5.
I
i
I
I
224 White wins bemuse he can move up his king on ths two open files IQR, QKif where it docs nct obstruct
his pawn. I K-Kt4 2 K-RS 3 K-KtS
4 K-46
R-Kt1 ~ f i . R-QHX R-Kt1 ch. R--.QB l
5 R--QBI
White wins
...
puirrt vf Wlritc's having his rook on thc
sixth. 4 R-K8
If 4. RK1 RR2 ch. 5. 'FC88 KKt3, or if 4. KK7 KKtJ 5. PB7 ch. KKtZ I 6,RKW RA2 cb. 7. KK8 RRI ch.
Black is in zugzwang. If f RK2, shortening the checking d i s t m , 2. KQ4 RQ2 cR. 3. KB5 RK2 4. KQ5 KQ2 ch. 5. KK6 and 6.FKS. If I... KR3 2. KB4 IRBl ch. 3. KR5 RKI ch. 4. KB6, the m a h g t h a t indirectly guards the KP, 4... RBI ch. 5. K#7, and 6. PKS. E Yif BIack ~ could g+t his king to R2, he would lose in a similar way; whitst if he wuld get his king to R!, White wadd win by RKKt5 fallowed by KKM. 2P-K5
Drawn
White wins
1
153
IXX ROOK ENDINGS White annot win as in the preceding example by 2. KQ4 RQI ch. 3. KBS RK1. 4. KQ5 RQI ch. 5 . KB6 KKI 6. RK I ? because the checks on the rank draw after 6...KKt4 7. KQ7 RK4 8. KQS RR4 9, PKS, Example 220. For rhc same reason there is little point in 1. RKt6, attempting To cut Black otT on the rank. 2 ... R x P ch. If 2.. . KK4 3. KK4. and. if neccssarv. White's king escapm from checks on t6; rmk by playing to the KB file.
I
ch., 5. K-.Q5 R--QKtl, While finesses to fmI31stck farther away, 6. R-B2 ch. R-Kt3, and guards his pawn from the file, 7. R-QKt2, whm Black's king cannot get back in time, 7... L - A 2 8. P-Kt4 K-KZ 9. K -BG K-QI $0. K-Q2 ch. K-K2 (10 ... KBI I r . RKRZ) 11. P-K~S. Neither can - . Black - .-- - - temporize, for if I.., RKtZ, shortening the checking distance, 2. K-B3 R-B2 ch. 3. K-Q4
225
3 K-- m. White wins a roirk.
226 A position anaiysed by Grigoriev, 1937. 1 R,-KZ A tempo-move which puts Mack in xugzwang. for his king stands on its best squaw. White's king and pawn cannot yet advnna against Black's rook: I. K,,-R3 R,--Rl ~ h . 2. K-,,,W FIR-QKU 3. K--B4 1 ch. 4. K--QS R-QKtl , and if White is to makt5 profless his rook must guard the pawn from either the
1
rank or the fife: 5. W-K3 K--,,B4 6.K 4 6 ? (better to retreat) 6.. . K-B5 7. R-,,,-R3K-M 8. K-H7 R-Kt5 9. K-B6 (thrmtrning K B S and PKt4) 9... B-,,-Kt1 IO. K..-BS R-31 ch. I t . KRt4 RKtl ch. 12. ICE3 KK3; or 5 R---QKII? K-IC2 5. K-B6 K-Kt5 7.R-K t ~ hK-QI . 8. R,--K3 R-KRS
9. R-K5
R-R3
ch.
It?
K-Kt7 K-R2 ch. 1I . K-Kt8 K--aZ 22. R-QB5 R-R5 13. R-QKt5 8-B3 14. R-.Kt7 K-B4. In either case Black's king return, moving via K2 or K M according to White's play. f ... K-B2 After this While's rook protects his pawn from the mrk; but if instead I . .. K-B4, then after 2. K-B3 R-B1 ch. 3. K-44 R--QUl 4. K--W R--BI
654
White wins
rejoins bis pawn. whilst Black's i s cut 1 227 A position given by Fine, 1941. off an the rank. 1 K-,-B2 2 R-K3 K-B 3 Similar follows 1 . RKtf, for if 3 K-B3 R---B1 ~ h . 1 1 . . . RQI play 2. PKt3 RQ7 White's king i s R-QKII 4 K - 4 cut off hut Black's is too far off, 3. RRI 5 K-35 RKB7 4. PKt4 RI3S 5%KKtl KKr4 Threatening 6.P-Rt4. 5. K R 2 KB3 7. KKt3 KKI! 8. RQI RBI 9. RQ4, Example 223. 5 ... R--131 ch. White's sirnplest win is to cut Black 0% d K-QS R-QKt l on the rank, 1. KB5 KRtS 2. RBS KB5 7 R-B3 ch. 3. KB2 KKS 4. -3, folfowed by This finesse f o f w 3:actrk's king 5. PKt4. farther away. 1 ... R-,-331 ch. 7 ... K-K t4 2 K,,-Q3 R--QKt l 8 K-BS K-Kt5 3 R--B3 R,--Bi ch. 4 K-,,,,Q4 R.,,-QI ch. After 8... RBI ch 4. KQ4 RQI ch. 10. KB3 RBI ch. 1 1 . KRt2 RQKtl, White's journey has not been in vain, for Black's king is cut off by four files, and
1
after 12. RB2 KKt5 13. KB3 RBI ch. 14. KQ4 RQKtI $ 5 . K W RBI ch. 16. KQS RQKtl Whtz guards the piiwn from the rear 17. R -Kt2, when Black's king cannot get back in time. 9 R-Q3 K-B4 Xf 8...RBI ch. 10. KKt6 RKtl ch. I t . KB7 RKtS 12. RB6 RKtl 13. aq4 ch. K84 14. PRt4 RK4 15. RR4.
10 P-Kt4 R-Bl cb. If 10... KKS 11. RQ6 cutting Black off on the rank. 1 I K-QS R-QI ~ h . 12 K-I34 R-B1 ch. 13 K-Kt3 R,--QKtI If 13.,. IWRI 14. PKtS, when BIack may cut off White's king 14... RR5, but his own king is too far away, 15. RR3 KK3 16. PKt6 RR2 17. RKt3 ROKtZ . 18. KR4. 14 R-Q6. Black is cut off on the rank as in the notes to ExampIe 223. With a RP or Cmtrr: P on the third rank the win i s easier, White's king moving forward on the film on the short side, and in due course playing his rook
White wins
I
-
If 4... RQKtl 5. RQKrl KKt4 6. PKt4 KI33 7. KB5 as in the prading: exampt e. 5 K--BS R---81 ~ h , 6 K-Q6 R-,,,QKtl If 6,. , RQl ch. 7.KI37 RQ6 8. PKt4 RQKt6 9.RR4 ch. 7 R--QKtf R-Rl6 This i s the idea behind Black's pLn of enticing White's king forward. 8 K-I35
1
behind the pawn.
R-34
K-Kt4 R--Kt 1
P-Kt4* the examples gwsn.
K- Kt4 155
4 ROOK AND PAWN v. ROOK
...
Xf f ... KKt6 2. RB5. If 1 KK15 2 . RRb, and now 2 . . . RKRl 3, RQR6, or 2 . . . KKt4 3. RBI. 2 R ,,,,,,,,,B2 R--Kt5 3 K-BI Kopaie)'~subtfe discovery. putting Black in xugrwang. 3. KBZ? RBI ch. draws; White could advanct Ilis king to QR7 b ~ Black's l king could suhseyuenlly attack the white rook. breaking the barrier on the KB file. Whilst if 4. KKtX RKRf 5. PKt3 KRt6 6. RB6 RE17 7 . PKt4 RRS 8. PKrS RKtS ch. By playing thc tcxt-move White avoids this chcck. 3 R-KRI If 3 . . . RBI ch. 4. RB2 R K R l 5 . RB5 RR7 White moves his king lo QR3 and then plays ?Kt$. If 3 . . . KKtQ(moving farther From White's rook) White wins by 4. KB2, advancing to QR7. 4 P-Kt3 K-Kt6 5 11-336 R--R7 6 P-,,Kt4 K-Kt5 If now 6 . . . RR5 the pawn advances. 7 ?-,Kt5 K ,,,,,,,,,K t4 8 Xi-R8 R---R2 9 R-QKt8 K-33 K--,-K3 10 P-Kt6 11 P-Kt7 R-K2 White wins by advancing his king.
1
i
White wins
7 K-Kt5 R-Kt l ch. 8 K-B6 To hold off Black's king. El ... K-K2 9 K,,,,,,,,Kl ch. K-Q 1 K~,,,,,,,K2 10 R,-.,-Qlch.
...
228 With a BP White's king moves up on the 5les on the short side, as shown by Cheron, 1923. 1 K-Kt2 R-Kt I ch. 2 K-K3 R-QEl 3 R ,,,,,,,,Kt3 K-Kt 1 ch. 4 K,-,-.R4 R.--QR 1 Zf 4.. . B-R1 ~ h .5. K-Kt5 R--,,,,Ktl ch. 6. K-R6 R,b.RI &. (5,.. RQBl 7. RQBI RE36 8. KKIS RKt3 9.XKt4 KHI 10. m4) 7. K-Kt7 R,-RS ( 7 ... RRS 8. RQRI), and now the ingenious 8. RKi8 wins, 8. R.,-QBG 9.R--,Q88 K-B6 f 0. I>-B4. 5 R--QBI R-Kt3 6 p ,,,,,,,a4 K.,-R3 I
K-QR1 If 2... R-K8 (2... KB7 3. RB4 ch. I ... R,,--R7 ch. KQ6 4. PKt3) 3. Y-Kt3 K-86 4. 2 K-H R-K6 ~h . R--B4 ch. K.,-Qfi 5 . R-U8 K--Q5 i 3 6. K-R! R,,-R8 ch. 7. K-R t4 R-XI:! ' 4 R-Kt2 8. R-Q8 ~ hK-K4, . and White's rook ~f 4. K Q ~ K K ~ ,or 4, KKt4 RQ6 is mispktced, 9. KBS RH,Z ch. 10, KKt6. 5- ~ ( n 3KKS. R QR1. 4 .,. All the rook has fa do is to farce Whits's king from the QB file to the QKt file. Now if 5 . PQ4 KK5, or 5 . PQ3 A step by step proms with king and KKB, or if 5. KB2 or 5. KB3 Black pawn. checis on thc rank: finallv. if 5. KKt3 6 ... R-R8 ch. 7 K,-Kt5 R-R1 8 K-K t3 ch. K,,,-,,Q5 231 A position after Fine, 1941. S... RKt7, attacking from the rcar, Black's king is in danger of being cut 0% fails because the chocking disiance on the on tha rarrk. He draws by an attack on fites i s too short, 9. -6 RBI ch. two fonts, the king from the rear and the rook from in front. Usually this 10. KKtl. Compare Example 231. works only if the pawn is not bcyond the g K ,,,,.,.B6 R-..81 ch. third rank, when the c k k i n g distance 10 K-Kt7 R-,B8 i s nf sufficient Icnyth. I1 P-KtS. K-Kt8 f R-R2 ch. Black to ~ I a vdraws by I . .. RQRI hemming i i white's king. If
Xf lo.,. KBI 1 1 . RKRI.
I I.
229 When Bfack's king is in White's half of the hoard he is in danger of being cut OR (from the queening square) on the rank, which is quite as Iethl au being cut off on the file. This and the fcrllnwing
position arc by Cheron, 1944. 3 R-QK4 R-KB1 If I... RQEI 2. RRZRBS 3. R x R . 2 K-R2 R-R7
230 Cutting Black off on the rank may be iess effective with a mnrre pawn, his rook having checks on the ranks. 1 R--m X I I RR4 RQBl ratricting ii'hile's king.
..
156
White days and wins
Black plays and draws
Drawn
Not I... KQ6'? 2. R M RKtl A. ( 2... RB7 3. KR3) 3. K-R3 K-R6 4. R-X34 ch. K-Q6 5,R ~ ~ ~ ~ ~when ~~.Kt2, Black is effectively cut off on the rank, and if 5 . .. RKRl 6. RKKt4 RR7 ch. 7 . KR3 KBS 8. PKt4 XRI 9. RKt5. 2 R-K5 Unless this rook is moved up Mite cancot parry the threatened cheeks on the file, being unable to pby to QKr2 as in tk last note, c.g 2 KB5 RBI ch.
UI ROOK ENMNES
3. KQ5 RQl ch. 4. KB6 RQKtX 5. RR3 KKt7, 2 ,.+ K-Kt7. Not 2... RKtt ch.? 3. KR4 RRl ch. 5 , RRS followed by PKt4. But after the text move, afiacking the pawn from the m, m i t e can matre no proms.
When Black's rook is driven off tha QKt fib, his king takes over thc guard duties : 1 ... K-K2 2 R-KR2 K-42 3 R-R7 ch. ,,..,,,~3 4 R R8 K-HZ Not 4... RKt77 5 . RB8 ch., forcing the king off the Q R file, and 6.RQKt8. 5 E--QKt8 R,,-,,KR8 6 R-Kt7 ~ h . K-B 3. 6... KB1 7.RKt4 RQB8 also draws.
232 Diack. m d i y draws against a RE, if be can st his king to hnearer bishop's KG, here QB1, QBZ+ or even
-
OB3. With rn tndyvancd pawn on any other file White finds it preferable ta have his king in front of rather than behind the p w n ; but with fie RP W h i k has some diflhlty extricating his king, as here shown by Karstdt, $909. 1 - RAP2 White opposes rooks on the QKt file
233 Where Rtack's king is nearer (to thc QRP) than thc Ka fil;: White wins only if the arrangement of the piaces iu in some way Pavourabb to hirr.. In his study by C h o n , 1944, White's rook i s ideally placed on the QKt file, and on the
--
as soon a3 he can.
4 ROOK AM) PAWN v. ROOK R--QR% 2 . .. 5. RKt7 ch. and 6. RKt8) 4. K-R6 1 R-Kt8 ch. 3 K.,-KtS R--R7 5. R-B6 ~ hK--Q2 . 6. K-Kt7 1 R--R7 7. R,--.QKt6. I 4 R-Kt4 RxRch. K--QZ. I . . . R,&I34 ch. 2. K-Kt6 R-33 ch. 5 K x Tt tS K-,,-B2 (3... R32 4. RKR4) ' 3. ~ i i f at ~p an cxChe Of rooks is PvR7 RwKt3 ch- 5. K--R5 it it fisqurntly possible bGcsss ibs pawn 6. P-RI -Q. 1 ending oflcrs so many drawing chances. 1.. . R-B8 for I.. . KB2) 2 P-K7. 235 A position after Cheron, 1926. 234 Whib's rook cuts off Black's R-Kt1 ch. 1 K-Kt4 king hy t h e files.When the Pawn is on R-Qax 2 KC--I35 the fifth or beyond, BIack's rook is best 3 K-Kt5 R-Kt 1 ch. pIa& on the eighth rank. K--,QR1 4 K-R6 White to play wins only because his 5 R--QR1 K-K2 rook is on Q4, its best square:were it on 6 P-K5. 4 3 or 4 2 the game would b drawn, And White wins, Once the paw is on 1 P--R6 &--Kt8 &. the fifth Black's rook b miuplaced in 2 K.-35 front of it. 2. KR7? draws. White shouId not voluntarily Mock his pawn. 2 .,, K,--QR8 3 K-Kt5 R-R7 R-Kt7 ~ h . 4 R-,-,QR4 5 K-R5 R-,-Kt1 4 P-RT R-QR~ 7 K-KtG. Black to play draw against the pawn on the fifth aalthcugh his king is thm
1
I
4 2
film &Wit)..
...
1 2 K-I35
White wins I
White plays arid wins Black plays and d r a w
f
...
K-,,,rn
2 R-l38.
fourth rank. In fact Bhck to play would in most casm draw if While's rook were anywhxe dm, Biack's rook, on the other hand, would be Wt~r1>1.ilrx:d whm i t could sustain a s & a olchecku; ifit wcre at KRI, the game would be drawn after I... KB2 2. RKt7 ch. KBI.
R.,-Kt8 ch.
I
Now if 2 . . KQ2 White escapes via 3. RQKtR RKR8 4. RKt7 RKt8 ch. 5. KR6 RR8 ch. 6. KKtG QB5,
RKt8 ch. 7. K85. Whilst if 2.. . KQ3 White m a p via Q38, 3. RQKt8 RKRI 4. KKt7 RKO ch. 5. KB8 RB8 cfi. 6. KQ8 RKRl 7,RKtG ch. K W 8. RB6 ch. KKt4 9. RB8. Black to play keeps. White imprisoned.
White plays and wins Black plays and draws
Blocking the pawn also draws, 2. KR7 RKt7 ?. PR6 RKt8 4. KR8 RKt7 5. PIX7 RKttl, Eramplc 232.
Unlike the c a w with the pawn on other film, Black draws hy offering an. exchange of rook, for which purpose the s m n d rarlh is the best p l w for his king. 1 ... K--B2 M c n Black's king is properly placed he draws against a RP on the founh, although cut off by four files. 2 K-Kt4 3 R-+I
If3. R x R K x R
R-KI 4. K K t S K Q 2
5. KKtG KB1.
I
R.-Kt6 R-K4 ~ h . (3 ... RKRS 4. RQRC or 3... RKKi1 4. K R 6 RKRl
158
3
White plays and wins BIack plays and draws
...
4 P-R5 59
K-K2 R-41
IH ROOK ENMNGS 5 R-QBl
K-,,,,Q2 R--QRf R-QRI K,--.B2 K-Kt?.
I
6 p ~6 7 f--KT , 8 R-QRI 9 K-Kt5 If king wcrc cut by files then tha RP on the fourth wins. An j exchange of rooks is not then practicable I fox it would leave Black's king outside i the square of the pawn.
4 ROOK ANLl PAWN v.
RRJch,? 7,KKt7, cannot 7 P--W
the
i ,
R-Rl
9 K-Q7 K-Kt3 10 R-Kt1 ~ h . K,-E4 W o t f O... KR3? 11.K137, 1 1 R-Kt7 R-R 1 R-,,RI R--R I . An amusing draw by repelitio~~.
R-R2 ch. 5. K-R8, thc king is driven in front of :he pawn, 5. .. K,,LK4. 2 ... R-R3 ~ h . The ptay should be contrastet1 with Example 231. Mere the chcdcing+distance on the ranks is at its maximum renardless of the raxlk the RP i s on. Bfaok's king behind the pawn in no way obstructs his rook. 3 K--B7 R-RZ ch. 4 HE-Q6 XI-R3 ch. 5 K-K5
237 White's rook is poorly placed in front of the pawn, a not uncommon situation with the RP. With a KtP as in &le 241, or any other yawn, Black's king is rtsuatly able to cross the board so that the position is resolved one way or
the crher. Black must do somelhing about White's threat of moving his rook.
.
Nni I . R K 2 ? 2. RKIR ch. K x R 3 . PRI--Q ch. After f R-K4 ch. ? the checking distance is too short, 2. K 4 t h R-K3 ~ h .3. K - 4 7 R- QR3 (3.,. RKZ ch. 4. KQG RKB2 5 . RKt8 ch.j 4. K-Kt?, guarding the pawn, 4.. R--It8 5.
.. .
R-Kt8 ch. 6.K-BG K--B8 ch,
It-QR
7. K- h t 5 R
Kt8ch. 8.K-B4. I . . R136 ch. ? is also a careless chixk, fo~uftm 2. KKt4 Black's rook cannot play to the Q R file, and if 2... KI32 3 . RKtB ch. The text-move follows the simple d c ;
.
@ g f ,!,:,,b # W l : ,-,, ,-;--
.
..
Black plays and draws
. ..
i
The diagram position moved one Rte
stopped-
8 K-K6 K--.EM The only move, hddins OR White's 236 A study by Grigroriev. Mack's king. Styboth, 18W, shows that after king attacks horn the rwr, and the rook #,.. &-Kt49 the milting thmals are checks on thc ranks: a counter-altack fatal, 9, K ,,,,,,.. K,,,,,,,,,Kt3 10. ch. espxially effective against the RP, ; K . - . . ~ 3(10. ..K x P 11. R37) 1i ,K,,,,.-.X37 h a w this pawn provides no shelter ! R X P ck. 12. K U h .
for the king. I ... R-KR7 2 P-R6 If 2. R-.Kt1 ch. K-R5, maintaining
RUUK
'If 5. KK7 RR2 Ch. 6. KF36 RR2. Whar must move to tbe king's side to escape h c chocks. K-,,-R4ch. 6 K-86 TI--R 1
238 Thc RP on the seventh i s defended from the rank,which is hiker for White than having the rook in front of the pawn. White wins if his king can
Biwk @ays and draws
penetrate the qrrwn's side, via QKt6, QB6, or QB. Black draws ifhis kinggets to QB3, preventing Whire's d e s i ~ . 1 K,,,-.K4 K-K3 R-Kf 6 ch. 2 K-Kt6 I... R-R4, temporarily cutting off Another rule: when White's king king also fails by a tempo, guards ttc p a w , threatening to h e his 2. K* K,-K3 3. K,-,B4 K-Q3 rook, Black nIUSt give check. Usudly he 4, K - ~ t 4 R-R~ 5. K KtS, when chrxks on the file. Whita's king gets to the eighth and wins, 3 K-B5 R-QR6 5. ., R-Kt8 ch. 6. K-Rfi ch. 7.K-Kt7 R--Kt8 ch. 8. K-,-B8 (not Not 3... R W ch.? 4. KK:4. 8. KR8? blocking thc pawn, 8... KH3) 4 K-Kt4 R-R8 8.. . R,,--'88 ch. 9. &-Kt8 R-Kt8 ~ h . 5 K-Kt3 X3.,,--.R3. 10. R-Kt7. Black's rook must stay on the QR file. 2 R-R6 ch. - Black's king is ticd tu thc s q u a w The skcwer-threats arc fatal, is KKt2 and KR2. If 5... KXt3'! 6. KBZ? KKt8 ' oRm ibc m e when BIack's king venif 5 . A _ Eh, KRZ 7_PBOLU, 6. RR8 R x P 7. RR7 ch. winning I tures t' t' K-file. Black's rmk. It is because of thi5 skewer check that BIack's king cannot cross the intervening KB, K, and Q files to approach the pawn. Black draws thls kind of position by choch on the ranks only when his rook is moving up and down the KB file; or, with his king at KR2, tfte KKt fife. If Whtrc's king m o w towards the rook to put a stop to the chscks, then Black's rook plbys to the QR Ale behind the pawn. C l ~ on b the ranks arc useless i f Black's rook is on either the K or Q film bmuse the chacking distance is too Wh~replays and wins short, as noted above; whilst xf Black's I Black plays and draws rook is on the KR file then c h ~ k on s thc rank masc when White plays his king to T h e Fame with White king on KB3, K3, t h scvcnth, ~ KZ, or Q2
when not checking the rook must be on m.Q R Me attacking the pawn from the the
1
'
I
,
I
161
4 ROOK AND PAWN
HI ROOK ENDINGS
2
,..
K--Q21B2) 3 R-R8 RxP 4 R-R7 ch. slack to play draws b I , . , K K ~ 2. KK.4 KQ3 3. KQ4 KI33, White king on K3: White wins bv 1. KC14 K K 2. ~ K I S . Stack draws by 1 RR5 cutting off White's king on the rank, 2. KQ3 KK3 3. KR3 KQ3 4. KKt3 RR8 5. KKt4 KB3. White kine: on K2: White wins by 1. K,--Q3 (1.. KK3 2. K134) 2. K-33 K-K3 3. K-Kt3 IC-,,,,,R8 4. K-Kt4 K - - 4 3 5. K,--Kt5. B h ~ k draws by 1.. KK3. Black may insbad interpose the moves I... RKtJ 2. RQRt7 reaching a nosition which brines about the sa& result for aithough T... KR3 appears to lox time, after 3. KQ3 KK3 4. KIM RQ3 White must givc back the tempo by 5. RKR7 in order to make way for his king or draw by 5. KKt5
I
...
.
.
4. R-QKt8 R-R6 5. K-Kt7 R.-Kt6 ~ h 6. . K-,,-R8 R--QR6 7.P-R7. While's main t h a t is trans~winato Example 238, which can b a ~ wwen b his pawn i s not under attack, 1 . ..KR2 ? 2. RK? ch. KKt3 3. RQKt'1 followed by , , , rx1.
Cadess checks must be avoided. Xf I.. R- -K4 ch. ? 2. IC--Q6, and Black uin neither give check nor attack the pawn from the rank. He therefore loses, atthough the win in this pararticular case is somewhat feconditc: 2... R --KB4 (2 ... RQR4 3. KB6, or 2... RKR4 3. R87) 3. R K8 R--QR4 ( 3 RBJ ch. 4. RK6 AB2 5. KB6) 4. R-K7 ch. K.-BI 5 . R--137(and not 5. PR7?
.
...
The rule in tRb ca=: when not giving check the r o o k attacks the rwwn from the rank, If the rook attacks from the file I.., R.--QR6? (1.. , RB5 &,? is bad for the same reason) then White's Iring rum to cover at ~ 7 ,2. K-.K~G R - K ~ G ch, 3. K.--R7, winning after 3... K-B2
I
KK14 KK3 (the c b ~ kon the also sound) 4. PR7 RQR3 5. KKt5 RR8, B m p l e 237; or giw checks on the rrank from the KB file. 3. KKt4 RKB4 4. PRY KB5 ch. 5. K K ~ S1 &. 6. KKt6 R 3 3 ch. 7, KS7 RB2 ch. 8. KQ6 R 3 3 ch. and i f 9. KKS RQR3, Example 237. R--3C 3 ch. 3 4 K-B7 R-333 The best fih for rhe rook, On the KKt or KR files its king obstructs it, whilst on the K or Q Nm rhe chckiay J i s i u t e is too short, e.g. 4.., R U ch. ? 5. KQ6 RK32 6. RK8. P W ~3.
rank, i s
2 KUB1
R-KR5
This Prevenb White's playing RKR70n his fourth 3 K-R7 ch.
M i t e usually regroups 85 s w n BIxk's rook Ieaves the QR file.
tl~
..A
If at once 4. RQKt7? (the natural 4. RKR7 i s not possible) 4... RRS 5. PRY KK3 6. KKt3 KR8 7. KKt4 RQ3 8. RKR7 (losing a tempo, but if 8. KKt5 RKt8 ch.) 8... KB3.
R-BZ ch.
"k hole at QR7 dms not shield White from checks on the ranks. Either 7... RQKt3 or 7..,KR2 is also playable.
2. KKt2 RR3 3. KMe3 KQ4 4. KKt4
239 The pawn b btfcr stopped on the sixth rmk when the rook is in front of it, becaase h i s leaves a hole for the king at R f .
ROOK
When, and if, White plays PRY Black ! k a u s c of the skewer threats, 3. PR7 must eithcr play his rook behind the ] KQW2) 4. RR8 R x P 5. RR7 ch.
5 !&--Kt7 6 K,,-B6
RKi8 ch. When White's king is to tha right of these positions, the game is dmwn. When White's king is to the left of the squares Xistd on the diagram he wins with or without thc move, e.g. White king at QB2, I.., K . K3 (1 ... KK4
KBJ 5. RR5 ch.) 2. K-Kt2 (2. KKtJ? draws) Z... R-R4 (if 2. .. RR3, 3. RK6 ch. skewers the rook) 3. K-Kt3 K-Q3 4. K-Rt4, gaining a tempo, 4 . . . R-R8 5. K-Kt5, winning as hfore*
v,
Black pfays and draws RR3 ch., the point of Black's defence) S... R-KIE4 (Black prepares for checks on the ranks as White is threatening RR8 ch. and KB6) 6. K--K6 (at this point Bhck cannot repty with R R I ch.)
6... R-QR4 (5. .. RKR4 7. RB7 ch. KKtl 8. PR?) 7. R-R8 ch. K--Kt2 8. K,,-Q7, and if 8... R-KI34, retinquishing the attack on the pawn, then 9. K-K8 It-QR4 10. R-K6. K-Kt5 If 2. RR7 ch. ICICt3. R.--K4 ch. mack must check on the rank when White's king mards the pawn; otherw i White's ~ rook is fwd.
Not g... R135 ch.? 9. KKS RB3, because of the trap 10. RKi3 ch. 9 Xz--R7 R--QR3. Exampte 237.
240 This position by Romanowky, 1950, *ePatcs closely to the precding cxamplcs. Black wants to get his rook on the ranks for a draw a s k Examples 237 and 239; whilst White hopes to transpose to Example 238. 1 K ,,,,,,.0 3
R-RS
Tcmmrarjly cutting off White's king, which is frying to get to QR7. If BIack's rook leavzs the QR file, J ...K-RB8, the RP is not under artack, so White transpose to Example 238, 2. R-R7 ch. K-.-I33 (ox 2... RKt3 3. RQKt7) 3. R.-R7 R--QR8 4. P-R7. Black's king cannot cross to the queen's side, 1... KB2 2. KR4 KK2,
White pbys and wins Black phys and draws The same with White king on K6, KB5, KIM, K3,KB3, or Q2
Making a bole for his king, and threztcnning PR7 thus preventing thc
approach of Black's king, 5 ... a-QR8 6 K-Kt4 7 K-B5 8 K-Kt6 9 K-R7
lo R-QKtg
R-Kt8 ch. R--38 ~ h .
R-Kt8 ch. K-K2
R
Q8
,,,,,,,.
R,,--Q2ch. Xf I I ... RKc8 ch. 12. RH8 HKRS 13. PK7 KQZ, Exampk 232. 11 K--Kt7
XI1 ROOK ENDINGS l (1 ... RB8 2. RIi7 ch. KKt3 3. RKt7 i RQRS 4, PR7 KB3 5. KKt2, Example 14 R-Rt5. ' 238) 2. R-R7 ~ h R-B3 . 3. K-Kt3 (the immediate 3. RQKt? RRI 4. PR7 Black. to play draws because he need draws) 3 . . . R-Kt8 ch. 4. K-B4 not fear the franspositions, 1 ... RQKt8 ' R-B8 ch. 5. K-Kt5 R,.-Kt8 cb. 6. 2. KQ2 RKt3, Example 239; or 1. .. K-BS R-fl8 ch. 7. K-Kt7 R-Kt8 R--QKi8 2. R-R7 ~ b .K-81 3. ch.(7 ...KKB 8 . R K 8 K Q 3 9.RQBch. R-R7 (3. KQ3 KK3) 3... : KK2 lO.RQS,ExampIe23rl) 8. K--BB 4. P-R7, Example 238. R--QRI (8... RKt3 9. RR7) 9. R-1<8 White king on K6: Bfack draws by R--B8 ch. (9.. . KR3 10. KH7 RB8 ch. I... R-RS (1 ... RKBB? 2. KK5 RB3 ! f 1. KKtd RKt8 cR. 12. WS) 10. 3. RKt8 ch.) 2. K-,--P7 (after tbc natural I K-Kt7 R-Kt8 ch. 11. K-R7 K-K3 2. RR7 ch. KKti 3. RQKt7 the pawn b 1 12. R-*Kt8 R-QBH 13. K-Kt7 skewered, 3... RR3 ch. Kvcn worse is R-Kt8 ch. 14. K-R8 R--QR8 IS. 2. RK-I ch. KKtl 3. KKB7 RK8 4. P-87, Example 232. PR7? RR? ch.) 2... R-R3, attacking the pawn from thc rank, 3. K-d3"P41 This position wi:h a KtP is (3. RR7 RKB3) 3... R,,-B3 4. P-R7 otherwise comparable to the preceding IZ-B2 ch., and Black's rook is on the exampb, but the play is simpler. BIack correct (KB) file for his checks on the haws bacarrsc the KtP is not so k from ranks. his king, which crosm the board with White king on K85CKB4f: Bbck less fw of the skewer thmts that draws by 1,.. R-R4 ch. (1 ... RB8 ch. ? dogged Ililn in the cast! with the RP. 2. KK5 grcvcnting 2.. .. RB3) 2. K-,-K4 K-K3 K-B2 (White is cut off on the rank; for 2. KKCi i K,-,,,Q4 RR4 w above) 2 . .. R--QW 3. RIf 2. PKt7 KK12 drawing a.fbample K7 ~ hg. - ~ ) 3 . . ~ ~+ &t. ~79 R---QR4 5. P,,,-R7K-Kt3 {5... KK3 ? 1 237. 6. RK6 ch, KQ2 7. RRS) 6.R-Kt7 I 241 K-$33 7. K-44 K-K3 8. K-R4 K--Q3 9. K,,-,K14 K-R3. White king on KB3: Whitc wins by I. K-K4 R-R4 2. K--,Q4 R,,--KR4 (2... RKW 3. RR7 ch. KB3 4. KKR7 RQR4, 5 . PR7) 3. K-I34 (not yet 3. RR7 ~ h . ) 3... R-R3 4. K-Kt5 cR. 5. K-B6 R-,,,,,R3cR. 6. 12 R-Kt6 13 K-BS
R--Q3 ch. R--Q4 c11.
(
5 ROOK AND'TWO PAWNS
v.
ROOK
Q2, keeping Whitds out of QKt7, he ' When White's king is not cut off the btockade may oftm be lirted. draws. With KtP+UP White wins if the KtP R-Kt7. 4 R-KR8 I is ahead of its companion. Not 4... Rl38 ch.? 5. RKt5, and if S... RKt6 cb. 6. KR6 RR8 ch. 7. RKt7, or if 5... RQR8 6. PKt7, winning in cithcr case.
i
I
K,,,,.,,,Kt7, and the checks on the rank
ease. Black draws by I... RE8 ch. 2. K K 4 RB3, Examptc 239. When White's king is to the right of thtse positions the game is drawn. If it i s on KKtS there may follow: I . RR7 ch. (ineffective whilst lack's rook is on the [
Drawn
2 . .. K-K2 ORfi~c)11.,.KR12.KB6KK13.KK5~ 3K-R5 KQI 4. KQG BQ8 ~ 1 1 . 5 . Kn6 RB8 After 3. pKt7 KQ2 4. RKRg R x p 6.KKt7 RB2 ch. the skeww check i s harmless. Whcn W:~ite'sking is l o the left of the - .K-42 squares listed on the dkamarn. he wins regarrflws o f thc mow, lf White's king This ending depnds on the kings' i s on QB2 there follows: 1... R-KR8 i positions. If Black can get his king lo
tlrP
United pawns win wccept for some, but not all, bhcked positions. RP+KIP is fhe mosL d i E ~ u lixcausc l White's king
can less easity hide Born checks, and most blockades with these pawns can be drawn under suitable circu~;stances. With disconncted pawns White wins by getting one pawn to the fifth and abandoning the other SO that after its capture Black's king is cut off by at Ieast o$e fife, Example 2lY. This plan does not work with KtP+ BP one file apart, for after White has mrified the RP Black's king is left on the short side of the pawn, Example 222. The ending with KRPtQRP is often, but not always, drawn; after the sacrifice of either pawn White is Idt with the notoriously drawishR.+RP r. R.ending. DouMpd pawns no~mallydraw. Somct:mes Whitc finds the pawns hard to defend, or his rook is boxed in. Draws from these muses are m r t y always associated with the ending RP+ KtP, as indicated in the note to White's third mnve, Example 247, Finally, the aronger party , should beware o f stalemate, which i s certainly more common here thm in endings with minor pieces andlor pawns.
242 The effectiveness of a blockade depends upon which files and which ranks Ihc pawns arc on, the positiuns uf the rooks, and, most important of a11, whether White's king is in contact with his pawns. White's chances arc not less promising than in the similar cam with minor pieces.
White wins
4 K-61 R-Kt6 5, RQ3 ch. KKt5 Aficr 4.. RR1 6. KKt2 Whitc'a king is safe from checks. 5 R - 4 3 ch. 6 PxR. As Fxample G4.
RxR
243 A study by Chcron, 1926, shows that when the BP is ahead of the KtP White's king is exposed to checks an tbc ranks. Even with thc BP on the sixth White may not win. f K.,,,-.B4 I f I. RIM RKKtf 2. RQ4 RKt4; of if I . PB7 RQBl 2. RB6 ch. KKt2 3. KR5 RRI ch. 4.KKr4 KQBI 5. KB5 R x P 6, KQ6 RKR2.
1 ... 2 K-45 3 K-Kfi 4 K-X37
R--,R5 ch.
R,,-R4 ~ h . R-R3 ch. K-R2 ch.
5 K-BG If 5. KKtlfKt6) ll.fli32 6. RQKt2 RBI. R-R1 . 5 ...
5 RmK .,,
,.
243
mm;ssm a maf m ~
3 K-44 4 K--5 5 K-I16
R-R5 cb. R-R4 ch. R-R2
6 R-QI K-42 Black is in zugzwang. The checking distance is too short ror the rook to make a tmprrrnove, if 6... KR3 ch. 7. KKt7, if 6... RQ2 7 . KK6 firllo~~d by 8. PQ7, or if 6... R R I 7.PQ7 KBZ 8. PB6. 7 R-K1 K-133 8 R-K7 K,,,,,,,R3 ~ h .
Drawn
I
The rook plays to Or rank, anticipating White's thmt of PB7. When white's king threaten* to help the BP,Black checks on the rank
I
244 With .BP+Ccntw P the ideas
9 K-Kt7 R-R4 10 R-R7 ch. tiettlng the rook to this squam is the most usual way of relieving a blockade. With a pair of centre pawns White often wins if one is on the sixth, but often draws if they are farther back.
24.5 Black has far &tier drawing chances if his m k cuts off White's king on ikc sidc adjoining his rearmost pawn, as here shown by Chefon, 1951. Xf, on the contrary, White's king is on the side of the board (here the queen's side) adjoining his mom forward pawn he often wins, his chancescorresponding approximately to those of the preceding
are similar. If the BP i s ahead of the Centre P,White has a sheltered space for
his king, which then supports the further advance of the BP. If the Ccntre P is ahead Wte is likely to win only if it is oa the sixth rank, as here shown by Chmon, 1926. 1 ... R-H5 ch. If I . . . RR4 2. PQ7. 2 K-I33 R-RI. The capture. 2... K x P hex loses after 3, PQ7 (but would draw if the pawns were farther back).
examples.
...
White wins
and in due c o r n assists the advance of
2 it-QS R-B2 3 R-43 If 3. R--QAS R-R1 White cannot 10% a tempo, and after 4. K-Kt5 (4. KKt3 R84) 4... B4 ch. 5 . K-Kt6
1
R x P. 5 R-R~ 6 ~ - ~ t 5
R-I31 6. K-Kd R-R2 ~ h 7. . K-Kt8 R-QR2 he is just as cgediveiy cut off on the rank, 10. RB7 RRlcR. I 1. KKtZ KX P. R-HI 3 ... Wen White plays his rook to thc queen's file Rlack answers IiKBl. anticipating PQ7, afid f hrmtening ...
7 K-K~S
R-- B1
R-B4 ~h. R-BI R-Kt1 ch.
g &42 Not 8... K x P? FQ7. 9 K-,R7 R--41 R--Q2 ~ h . 10 R - Y ~ R-4R2. 11 K-m8 White's king is still mt off from his pa*ns. Ihe position of this diagram moved one file to the left or right is also drawn
KxP.
45
,
v. ROOK
R-QKtZ, and the mating thrtats premt Whik's king -vetling along the back mnk. R-B4 4 ... In order to answm 5. R R J by 5
his QP.
245 HorwiLz and Ming, 1851. With KtP5RP blockad- often draw, exoept when the KtP is on the seventh. RUM4 ch. 2 R-Kt5 R-R1 3 %,,-Kt6 Iha key move, which would be inflective if the pawns ane hnher back.
i
I~f%f-.-@-.,I-.&$# m9
3
Drawn
1 R-RS
For White there are two principal winning idea: ptting his rook to R7; or man~uvring his king to hefp the advance of his QP, which Black's rook hew prevents. 1 ... R-,-&I Black wants to answer White's RQBS by RKBI, and in the meanwhile he keeps his rook on KB2 or KB4. After 1.. . R-BI ? 2. R-l35 Black is in zupzwang, Z... R-B8 (2 ... RB4 3, PQ: RBI 4. RB8) 3. k-38 (threatening RK8 ch. and RK7) 3... R-Kt8 ch. (3 ... K x P 4. POT, or J... RR2 4. RH7 followed by RK7j 4. K-433 R,,-B8 ch. 5. KWIC2 K-,BZ 6, R,,,,,,,.BS (not 6. RE7? R x R,whils! if 6.RK8 ch. KQ2) White's king rejoins his pawns,
AND TWO PAWNS
3. RQB57 RK3-
...
4 K-,Kt4
3 R-K3
R - 4 1 4. R-I35 ch. White's king advances, hut can do nothing on this side of the pawns, 5. K-Kt5 R-RI 6. K,-Kt6 R--Kt1 c h . 7 . K R7R -R1 8.R-KtSR-R8 (8 ...RQRtl? 9. RKtB RKt2 ch. 10. RKt7 RKtI 11. RK7 ch.j 9. K-Kt8 (9. RRt8 K x P 10. PQ7 RRZ II. RKt7 RR1) 8... R-R2, cutting White ofl on t h eighth rank, 10. K,-I18 (10. KBC( RRX ch. I 3 . KKt7 RR2 ch. 12, RKt6 RRI 13. K R 6 RR3 14. K R 5 R R I 15. KKt4 R m 1 ) lo... R-ILl ch. 11.R--Kt8 (11,KR7RR8! I f ...R-R2 12. R-KR ch. (12. RRt7 RR1 ch.) 12.., K B 2 13. 13-38 KKK3 14. R-R5 (14.RB7 RRl ch.) 14...R - 4 2 15. &-Kt# R-QR2 16. K-I38
5 K,-,-BS 6 K-44
After 3. R-KB3
*y
8
K-K5
R,-R4 ch. R-R5 ~ h . R-R4 ~ h . R-R5 ch. R----R4ch. R-RS ch.
4
I '
167
White wins
LII ROOK ENDINGS 9 K-Kt5 I0 R-QI36
5 ROOK A N D TWO PAWNS v.
R-R1
d a y ;but Black's king is thereby lcrt on &c shortsidc ofthe pawn as in ExampIc which closely dates to this ending. The! extra pawn d m , however, create several new winning str~tagens,and the defcrwe is not c a y unlws the following rules are understood. Slack's rook, who= luxtion is to disrupt the free movement of White's king, should bc based on the squares QR7, QR8, and QKt8, thw reserving the option of checking on cither the rank or the file.
m,
TImtening RB8. 10 ... K-Kt1 I f K-K~G R--Ql 12 R-B6 K-R2 13 K,--Kt?. Black wnnot meet the t h a t of RK88. 7 3 1 ~position of this diagram moved one or two ranks m r c r Whitz's sidc of the board is drawn. 1883. Clolours reversed. united paw&
nearly always win if not Wmhd. With RP-tKtP sum care must be takcn. 1 R-QKt8 K-Kt3 2 R-Kt5 R-QB6 3 R-K5 At present if check& White's king g m to~ X24; after the text-move he can interpose tnc rook. If at once 3. PR4? RBS 4. KB3 RB6 ch. 5. KK2 RB5 6.RWS ch. KR3, the defence of the pawns ties up his rook: if White's king guards h e KtP. Black checks on rhe G k ; if 7. RKt8 ~ R Zor; if 7. RRS ch. KKt3, or even 7. RRS ch. RKtZ 8. PKtS RQB3, well and truly sealing off White's rook. This kind of draw las often occurs with unised pawns other than RP-t KtP, for if White's king a n mmrl*uyTc on either side of the pawns the rook may ke f d . 3 R--QR6 4 P-R4 R--Kt6 5 P-R5 cb. Advancing the RP first, making room ai R4 fur his king. If 5. PKtS? KR4 the Mwkadc draws; this should be cornparcd with Example 246 &cr 6. RKBS RR6 7. RB3 KRS 8. RKR3. White can win this kind of blockade if his kina iu fartttcr fomrd, when he can givc up the RP to win with the KtP. 5 K-R3
...
...
6 R,,,-.KRS 7 R-,B3
R--QR6 R-RS
..---
ROOK
1 ch. 8. R-Q6 R-QKt8 9. KK-Kt5 R-Kt8 (csxntial) 10. K-35 (10. KBS
I
I
..
RQR8) 10. K x P (Rla:k must be preparcd to caplure the RP whcn it is on the sixth) I I. K-K7 ch. K-R2 12. P-B5 R-Rl ch. 1 3. R-K6 R-QR8 14, f--B6 R -RI ,example 222. Finally, 1. RKt6 ch. KBZ leads nuwhere: 2. RKt5 KB3: or 2. KKt5 RRt8 ch. 3. KBS RQRE.
:
-"
R-R4 Black's simpler course is to temporize,
I
, , """--
If 7... R-R4 8. R-B6 ~ h K-Kt4 . (Kt21 9. R,-Kt6 ch., but not 8. RKt3? KKt4 when the blockade draws, for 9.RB5 ch., as in Example 242, does not win when t h c is~ a RP. 8 K-Kt3 K-Kf8 cb.
9 K-R4
In
H-R3
R,,-R8 ch. R-KKt8
I I R-It2 This manEuvrt: i s specia! lo the KtP,+ RP ending. Having to move, Black's rook is forced off the knight's fib. 11 ... R--QR8 12 P-Kt5 ch. K-Kt2 13 R-KB2 R-RR ch. 14 K-Kt4 R-Kt8 ch. 15 K-35 R ,,,,,,.KR8 16 P-R6 ch. K-R2 17 P--Kt6 ch. Pointed out by Karstdt. The game took a longer course after 67.K86. 17 .,. K-Kt1 If 17... KRI 18. KB6 RR8 19. PKt7 ch., Example 246. Xf 17...K x P IS. KB6 KR4 19. FKt7. 18 K-B6 R..-K8 19 P-R7 ~ h . K-,RI. And White mat= in thm.
248 The erading with RP+BP one fib aprt m u m quite often, and, although tbreticalIy drawn, White frequently wins in practice. He attempts to queen thc BPSsacrificing the X1P as a
$ 3 KKt3, , or KR3, if checked by White's rook. If Black's king is confined to the back rank he often bm, Examples 248,250. Black ~nzyImc if his king is cut OR on the rook's fiIe before Whire's RP is on the sixth, Example 249. Black sometimes loses if ho pcrmitS his king to be driven to thc king's frte, on the long sidc of the W. W e n , and if, White plays P -R6 ch. Black rcglim with K x RP or KR2. Hack neither can nor nmd prevent the pawns' ativance. The diagram shows a typical position approaching the critical slaw. Xf here Black's rook were misplaced, say at QRS, White could play i t plays to ~ 3 2 ~,
2 R-.KtG ch.
This c h ~ know has some point, because of a tempo-gain on his next move. 2... K-32 Or 2... K,,,,,,,,,XII 3 . P-B5 R--.-R8 4. K-Kt5 R-.---Kt8ch. (4... RQRt8 5. RQ6 R K t t 6. RQ7 h.) 5. R-B6 R-QR8 6. R-Kt7 ch. K-R3 7. R--K7 R-R3 ch. 8. R-K6 R,,,,,,,,,RZ; but not here Y.., K x P l 8. KKt7, nor 7 . , .RKBS 8 . RK8 KRZ 9. KK6 RK8 ch. transposing to the position which occurs after thc 20th move of the next exemple.
1. K-Kt5 followed try R-37 ch forcing Black's king to the back rank; but as it is, if White plays 1. K-Kt5 Black's rook can, and mmt, check on
R-R 8
3 R-Kt5 4 P-86
R-Kt8 ~ h . A uselms check, after which Btack's king gets confined to the back rank. The temmrizine 4.. R-UKt8 is sirn~ler.
the EL. Marking time. We shall follow the play after the 76th move of the game Kotov v. Hohr, U.S.S.R. Champion-
ship, 1951. CoIouru reversed. If I. PB5, Black c h ~ k on s the files, attacking the pawns after driving OR Whik's king. If f . R-Kt5 (the 87th move of the pame GLigorik v. Srnyslov, MOSCOW, 1947) I... R-Kt8
ch. (esw~tial) 2.
R-QRI, the check foliowd by an immediata =turn to base is a typical manmuvre, 3. R . 4 7 ch. K-R3 4. R+K7 R--QKt8 5. R--K8 K-Kt2 6. R - ~ 6 ~ 4 7. P-R6~ ch., K-R2 8 K-B5
Drawn 169
5 ROOK AND TWO PAWNS
HI ROOK 5 . K85 RKt4 ch. 6. KKt4 RKt8. 5. RRS KKtl 6. PR7 ch. KRt. 5. RK17 ch. Kl33 6. RQ7 KKt3
7. PR7 RKRI. SRKt8 ch. 7, RQ5 KKr3.
KB3 ltXCR8!
If 19 ... R--QR7
20. Ti-Q7,
Black is
a x P ch. 23. PB6 or 22. KKtS RR8 23. W6 when White's king goes to K8) 22. K-Kfi R-K7 c h . 23. R-Q6 R--Q7 cb. 24. K-R6 It-K7 ch. 25. K - 4 7 R-Q7 ch. (25. RKBY 26. RK8 ch. RKRB 22. KK6
If 8 . KR7 R K B l 10. KKt6 RKtS ch. 8 9 R--KI6
...
9. RQB7 R x P
capture it.
...RR3 ch.
..
R gR8
KR2 27. KK6) 26. K-K8 R-KB7 77. RR-,-K 5 K-R2 (25 .. RQR7 28. PB6, or 27 ... R138 28. KK7) 28. K-87
,,,,,,,.
R-R7 I0 P-H5 R-R8 I I K-K6 R--87 12 R,,,,,-Q7 K,,,-.n2 13 R,--K6 R--Q7 CII .? White was tkrealening 14. PR7 R x P 15. RKt7 ch.; but tllc way to prevent
(28. K K 7 ? K x P 29. RK6 ch. KKt2 30. PBS ch. KK13 draws) 28. .. K x P 29. R-,,,K6 c!~., Example 222, and not
this is to return the rook to its base, 13. .. R -QR7, when rr draw is soon evident, 14. P-R7 (14. El-K7 ch. KR3 15. PR7 RRf) 14... K-Kt2 IS. ?,-El6 ~ h . (15. RK7 ch. KRI) XS ... K X P 16. K-K7 (16. KKZ RRI ~ h . R-R1. ) 17. K--B7 (117. PB7 KKt2 or 17. RQ6 KKf3 18. 3'17 ch. KRt2) 17. .. R..--0Krl. Examnle 222.
20 K--I37 A m o w too late.
R--QR7
21 R-K6 R-R1 If 21 .., RR8 22. PB6 RRI 23. RK8 RRZ ch. 24. KK6 RR3 ch. 25. KB5 RR4 th. 26. RKS RR8 27. PB7 RB8 ch. 28. KK6 KKt3 29. RKtS ch. K x R
30. P-R7.
Drawn sky, Moscorv, 1947, and thc play shows what happens if Black's king pts cut off on the rook's fife before While's RP is an the sixth. An instructive error. Black knows that this is threticatly the correct plam For the rook, but p t ~ y sit there too soon. At this s t a p the checking distance on the 81m is not long enough. Hc should play J... RR1 2. RKt5 ch. KB3 3. KKtS RR1 4. PR5,and now that White's king is on the fourth rank Black thrcatcns checks from the rear, 4. .. KR8, 2 P-R5
IS K-Q8
K-X3 1.
I
ch. 26. K--K8 R - ~ 3 27. P-B6
(the
R-R3
It is a!ways unsatisfactory to block a pawn with a rook; but the chmk from thc Ear, 2... RKr8 ch., is answered by 3. KRZ, when Black's prospects arc even
worn.
3 R ,,,.,,.KR4
25. R ~ ~ ~ ~ ~h ~. K-,,-RZ ,~ . K B 26.R-K1. If 15. .,R-R7 16. P ~ ~ ~ ~It--R ~ ~ ~ .IIch. 17 ($6 KKt2 17. PB6ch.KxP 17. KK8, or $6 RR7 I?. RQ7 ch. KB3 18,
... ...
KK8) IS. K.-B7 18. RQ8) 18. R - W ,
(17 ... KKt2
K,-Kt&. 24 R-K6 ~ h . 25 P.--38
5 R-Kt4~h. 6 R,-,-R4
K-K t4
26 P-B7 ch. K-R2 27 R-KI R-R1 ch. 28 K-K? R-R2 fh. 29 K--B6. And Kotov resigned.
249 This position arose after the
5 h d move of the game Keres v. Sulrol-
i
12 R-Kt6 R-QRI 13 P-B4 R-R8 14 R-K6 R-Kt8 ch. IS K-136 R-K88 16 P-I35 K-B7 17 R-,KS R-KR7 If 17 KR3 18. RB7 K x P 19. PI36 ch. 18 R-K7 ch. K-R3 19 R-R8 K-R 2
...
20 K,-,,,,K6
R-K7 ch.
21 22 23 24 25
R,,-QRY k-R3 R-RZ ch.
K-B7
P-R6 K K7 K.,--BI P-I37
R--113 R-R2 It--R8
26 R-BH 27 K~~~~~~-IC7. And Black resigned.
1
250 Faulty rook-mows are usually I tho cause of Black's downfall In this ending, and here too Black draus easily enough by pbying I ,. R-+Kt8 Iroltfing his rook in readiness for checks on the ranks if necemry. 1 R-R8 ?
.
...
R-R3 K-Kt4 K-H4 R-RI
4 R-34 ch.
20. K-B7 (20. KB8? RKJ ch.) 20.., R-,,QRI (20... K X P 21. RQ2) 21. RK7 RR7 (21 ... K X P 22. KRI ch. KKi3 23. PR7) 22. RKB ch. K x P 23. K-I38 K-Kt3 24. P-W R-,KB7
RQOK
8 K-Kt4 K-B2 9 R-I35 ch. K,,,,,-Kt2 10 K ,,,,,,,.K ~ S ; R-KKt1 11 R-R6 K ,,,,,,,.R2 ch. Now Black's king i s crrt off on the rook's life. This l o w when the RP is only on the fifth, for Black has not time to
1 confined to thc back rank. and loses. 20 ... R-.R8 21. R-K7 R , - , , R ~(21..: 21
v.
If 6... RR3 7. RRtS ch. KBS 8. RKt5 RR8 9. RB6 ch. KK4 10. KB8, Black's king is cut oif on the K-file, and White
advances his RP. 7 R-Kt5 ch. K-B3 Xf 7... M-B5 8. R-Kt7 K-FA 9. RUB7 K-B3 (9.. RRJ 10. RB7 ~ h . ) 10. K-Kt4 R-Kt1 ch. 11. K-B4 R-KR I 12. P-R6 K-Kt: 13. P 4 7 . I
.
171
Drawn
5
on his 78th move, by Bondwcvsky,
Whke's inactive rook takcs little further part. The struggle is between Black's rook and White's kng Whencver the king threatens to guard the QRB, Black: chaks on the rank; otherwise
w h w opponent Smyslov failed to find the win, which bad previously been shown by h n o v in his defeat of L. Shimr, M b m w , 1936. Xn both cases BPA& had the pawns. 2 F-I16 ~ h . K--B2
BIsck's rook holds the QRP under attack on the rank. Black cannot f ~ t e his rook: it i s the same idca as F~ampIe 239, for White's KRP makes no real differem. 3 K-K3 R--QR5 4 K--Q3 R--,QKI5 5 K 133 R-KB5 6 K-KC3 K-M cch. 7 R-R4 R--BS ch. 8 KC-QS R-+Kt5
White juggles his rook with the idea of shortening Black's checking distance on
the files.
ROOK A N D TWO PAWNS
13 K - 4 7 14 K-KT
R-Q4 ch.
14 16 17 18 I9
R-,M R-+Kt4
K-B6
R-R8 P,,,,-R6 K-K7 K-BT
M il-R7.
v.
ROOK
Returning to the third rank, 10...
Xi-K4 ~ h .
RB3l would Iose aficr I I . PId6 ch. With a cunning ihreat of 12. RK7 ch. R x R 13. PI36 cb.
R-Kt3 ch.
R x KRP R-QRt3
Here a draw was ameed.
I
252 Suetin v. Chdmov, Kiev, 1954.
l h c threat of 14. PB6 ch. KKtl 15. KKt6 RKt2? 17. PR7 ch. is not rcd, for alack has the stalemak resourx 15..,
Doubled pawns are not appreciably RKtZch. stronger ihan a single pawn. .4 few extra K--Bl threats may be conjurd up but Black is : j 3 . , . in no rea: difficulty. 1 14 P--B6 K-R8 As in Philidof's method, Black's rook 1 R-,.QS ~.-,,,,.gt3 gms 10 the eighth when White plays his Philidor's drawing method, Example pawn to the sixth. Mow if 15. RRt6 216, is quilt applicable ta &is ending. RKt8 ch. 15 R-R8 ch. 26 R-R7 ck.
17 K-I35 R--QW Not 17... RR4 ch.? 18. KKt6. f 8 R-Q7 R4R8 19 P-B7 R,,,,,-QRJ With the pawn on the seventh White cannot avoid the stalemate threats, 20 K--Kt5 R-Kt3 ~ h . A draw was agreed. If 21. K-B5 R,,,,,-BJch. 22. K-K5 R-.QR3 23. P-B5 R-QKtJ 24. R-R7 (24. KB4 RK83) 24... R,-QM 25. P-R6 RXP.
251 Smyslov v. Bondarevsky, Moscow, 6940.Btack draws againit the two R R if oneof them has to be dc-fended by its rook in front of it, as here. Black's
rook then omrates on the ranks. very much as in Example 239.
If 1. RKt6 ck. KT32 2. RKt5 RK5 Notg,,. R--&+&. ? 9,g , - ~ fR-3s i 3. RKt2 RRS. (9... RKR4 10. RQ6 RR4 11. R04 X ... K-R2 K x P 12. KQ6) 10. P-RS for ~ l & k 2 P--R4 can no longer attack the pawn from the T R " ~ , ""d after 10...R-QRS (10,.. RK5 Ohiouab White must altelllpt queen the QRP, H e may at once up &. I 1. KQ6 KQS ch. 12. m5) 11. K-7 R-Rg 12. K-XI7 R---R7 13. his mpr1. R - 4 3 R - R ~ 2. R--KZ 14. R--R8 xF K x P, when Black draws a1l;lough his : K,,,,-Kt7 R-K8 kina is on the far side of tl~r: board. ! j 5 * PRG~White wins+ 3. R-KKI~ (3. KK3 KKt4 4. K Q ~1 9 K--,-B6 R-KBS KB4 5. KB3 RR1) 3... K-,K4 4. I0 R - 4 7 R-Q5 ch. K-,K3 K-RS 5. K--Q3 K-R6 6. fO.. RQRt5 alsn rlraws, hlrt nnt If) . R-KZ (6. KQZ KKtS 7. KKB3 K M , RB2 ch.? 13. KKB RB5 12. PR5. Example 235) 6. .. K-,,XI 7. K-H3 If K-B7 R-KBS K-Kt5 8. K-Kt3 R-,,,Kt1 ~ h . 9. 12 P .RS R-H4 K-I34 It-QRI 10. K-Kt5 R-Kt1 ch. I I . K - B 6 R-QRI 12. &Kt7 Thcalia~kon the p a v n must be muin R-R6. tajned, efse White Frees his rook.
1
172
K-B2 K-,,,.B~
Not 4. ..RKtg? 5. KB6 :hreatening mate. With only one pawn Black could draw by cxchaaging rooks; as i t is he must find another way of prcvcnting White's king maintaining n fooihold on its sixth rank. 5 K-BG
R-B.2
6 K-Kt5
R-Kt2 ~ h .
Ch.
6. X30(>K AND PAWN v. KOOK AND PAWN When each player has a pawn a draw i s to be expected. If one ptaycr's pawn is
more advanced, he may win a rook for i t ; acd an incorrect assessment of the resttitant R. v P ending Is onc of the commonest fautts, even haring occurred in important matches suc;l as Morphy v. toaenrhal, 1858, and Alckhine v. Bo~oliubrrw,1929.
253 Gilg v. Tartakowcr, Sernmer; ing, 1926. 1
...
R-Kt8
XI1 ROOK ENDINGS
7 ROOK AND TWO PAWNS v. ROOK AND PAWN
passed pawns the game is iru often drawn
as not.
On he other hand unitcd passed pawns, which are much more effective than dixonnectcd pipawns, frequently win. If there is any choice, rhis is thc ending the stronger party shouid aim For. In most cases an exchange of pawns t a k place; and White times this, if possible, so tkit he gets a fitvourablc R + P v. R ending. 254
Chekover v. Kazakevich, Hack -pbvs 1 . 1949. When rberr: is no passed - and wins I . , , PKI-Q? 2, R X Q K y R 3. pawn t i t defender must not play too Iris lollc KR7 f?37 4. PR6 RBfi 5, KRB KBlj passively, but should try and pawn to h c third rank. 'There are win6. PR7 KKt4 7. KKt7 draws. ning chances for the stronger party onIy 2 R-,R2 K-B6 i T he gcts both pawns to fifth, and not 3 R,-R3 ch. even then with KtP+ RP. If now 3. R x P Black wins by a tempo, ! 1 ... R-I32 3,.. K x R 4. KR7 K86 5. PRB K85 6. KRI1 KO4 7. PR7 KKt3 R. KKt8 If I... PKt3 ch. 2. KR6 P x P 3. PKtGch. KB3 4. PRt7 RR1 5. RKt6 ch. KR3 ch. KK4 6. RKt6 PBS 7.PKt8=Q R x Q 3 ... K-B5 R x R,Example 196. 4 R--R4 ch. K-Kt6 Xf I,.. RR3 2. RKtT ch. KKtl 3. 5 R--R3 ch. RKt8 ch. KB2 4. PKt6 ch. KK2 5. If 5. RK4 FKR--Q 5. R x Q R x R , RKt# KB3 6. RBS ch, KK4 7. P86 Black wins as in Example 202. R x P 8. RB7 (very neat) 8... R W ch. 5 ... K-R5 9.KKt4RR1 lO.KKtSKK3 f I . R x P , 6 R-R4 ch. R-,,,,,.K~s Exampk 219. 7 R-R1 R-K5 I T 1 ... RR1 2.RKt7~11.KKtl3 RKi6 8 R-,XI ch. K-Kt5 RR3 cb. 4. PB6 P x P 5. P x P RRI 9 R-,,,,,Ktlch. K-B4 6.RKt7 ch., and Black loses hecau% his rook is on the first rank, X.:,xampie 217. $0 R-KI K-B3 K-~7 ~ - - ~ t 4 12 P-,,R6 R-K2 ch. Whitc resigns.
2 R,-Kt8 3 P-Kt6 ch. 4 R-B8 d>. 5 P-36
R-KZ
'
K-B3 K-K4
The pawn sacrifice is the key in all
variations.
...
PxP
b K-K6
R-R8
5
14 P-Kt5. Bfxk resigns k a u x of 15. PR4, 16. KR7, 17. PRS P x Pmd 18. PKtCI.
K-,,,R8 c h ,
7 P Kt7 8 K-Kt6 9 K-87. Black ~zsigns.
ch.
256 EXoopr v. Nwrnan, British Championship, Nastings, 1953. White's
--
255 Flohr v . S ~ a hBudapest, , 1950.
'me other kind of winning ckrarin: uc~ut-s whcn Black's king is cut off. White's chances zw better than in the cornpar. able case of R + P v. R because Black's last pawn is hard to defcnd. I ... fC-,,.K3 2 R-42 R .,,,,,.,R4 3 K-,,Kr3 R- 1 5 4
KKKt6 13. KKES RKtStXt6) 14. PRS P x P 15. K x P , Example2f9. 1 1 . K,,.,-KtS R-Kt6 12 P-Kt4 R-Kt3 I f 12.,. R x P 33. K x P, Example 219. 13 K-R6 R-R3
R ,,,,,,.Q8
outside passed pawn wine msily b e c a w he also has many positional advantages: ttis pawns arc wcH forward, and of the right kind,,,,,-thcreare no RPs; his rook is more activc; his king is centralized. The unpaswd pawns are on thc same file; this is a fine point, but when they are oil adjoining fils Xllack has more chances of counter-attack or pawncxehange. 1 Ru....,.~tS K-Kt2
Threatening RQKrR.
4 k--.KS
R-,,,Q3 ch. 5 K,--B4 White's king usually assists the advance of whichever pawn is not held up by 13Lack's king, Ircl-cthe QKlP. T... R-Kt3 6 K-.,KtS K-B 1 7 K...-,-R~ K-32
8 P-Kt5
Ji
I
I
I
White wins 7.
v. ROOK AND PAWN A draw i s normal when there is no passed pawn. An outside passed pawn may do nu more than draw unless the stronger party also has somepositionaladvantage, however slight.
Also whcn them art! two disconnected
Whitc wins
...
K-KZ 5 R---QS R,,,,,-K~s If 5 . . . KKJ 5. RQKt5. 6 R-B3 R-KR5 7 P-Kt3 R-KKIS R-Ki6 ch. 8 R-,Q4 9 K-B4 R-Kt4 I0 R-Q5 R-Kt5 ch. If 10...RKt6 I I, PR4 RKG 12. PKt4 4
ROOK AND 'TWO PAWNS
K-B I
9 K-Kt7
1
I75
Whib wins
XXX
ROOK ENDINGS R x P 8. KKS K82 8. KQS KK2 10. RQR6. 7 R,--Kt8 K-K3 8 R-K8 ch. K--B3 9 R-l3g eb. K-Kt3 10 R-+Kt8 K-B3? This loads to a curlous zugzwang on his next mow, whereas dter 10 KB2 I I . PKf6 KB3 White can win Ehck's KBP onfy by advancing his QKtP to the seventh, 12. PKr7 KKt2 13. K X P , which brings about the well known draw of Example 237, White's KKtP making no significant difference.
White finesses. ?*he immediate 9. RBScb.KK2 10.RB6RxP I I . R x P KQ2 12. RQR6 also wins, Example
-
...
K.,,,-B1
10 R-B7 I I K-4'7
K-B2
12 R-B5 ~ h . 13 K-,187.
K-.,-KtZ
...
Rlack resigns ($4. RB6 follows). l'his is the normal winning idea, White exchanging pawns at a moment c h o w by himself so as ta get a won R t P ending. Thus the relevance of having one's pawns well forward, so that one can finish up wirh a pawn on the fifth, when the emmy king n d s to be cut off only by one file. 257 Dormer v. Euwe, The Hague, 1950. Colmrs reversed. Thc most important positional factor is the situation of the rooks. A rook is a geae dcai more powerful behind a passed pawn-,,-,one's own or one's opponenls--than in front of it. White to play backs up the passed pawn wirh his rook and wins easily, 1. RKt3 RK7 2. PK15 RK2 3. PKt6 White piays and wins RK12, Biack's rook is forccd into a Black plays and draws passive role, 4. K 3 5 KB2 5. K t 4 KK2 6. KKtG KK3 7.RKS33. ' 1 I P-Kt6 R-Kt5 ch. In the game Black took thc active i Fwk wsition &hind and This rckases White's king but Iherc is nothing better: should have drdwn: 11. . KKt2 12. K x P.Example 219. 1 ... R] I1 ... KKt3 12. KKS R R ~ (iftherook S K---Kt3 2 R-B4 : moves off the file White a d v m s h e 3 K-B4
P-&I
White threatened PKt4, w h n his rook guards both pawns, thus f w h g his king which then assists thc QKtP. Anyway the tcxt-move is good, for Black should keep White's pawns as far back a. IIC
an. 4 K-f16
K-BZ
ch.
5 R--QKtC 6 P,--Kt5
R--Kt6 K-K 2
If BIaclc'sking mows tou far from the passed pawn, 6.. KKt2?, an exchange of pawns leads to Exampb 2J9,7. K x P
.
I
KtP) 13. KOG. as in il~cpame. ... KK~(KZ) 12. FK~T KQ2 13. RRt8 R x QKtP 14. RKtT ch., and Whitc wins the pawn ending.
ni
12 K-K3 K,--Kt2 The position corrclatcs to Example 241, if 12... RKt6 ch. 13. KQ4 and Blackduxe not capture, 13.,. R % KKtP h a u s e of 14. PKt7. 13 R-Q3 R-B3 Marking time, for if I3 ... RKtb ch. 14. KB4 R x KKtP White still plays 15. PKt7, when Black's rook cannot move
7 ROOK AND TWO PAWNS 1: ROOK AND PAWN hhind the passed pawn, and if 15 ... the M t e r defence in a general way, but RKt5 ch, 16. KB5, the positions of the rooks is srili likely Similar diEculeics follow 13.. . P-B5 to be the deciding factor. 14. P x P (14. KBJ? f x P ) 14... R x B P d ... R-KS? IS. K-333. His rook is now forccd on the defen14 K-B3 K--Kt8 sivc. Maintaining its aggressive position 15 K,-,-B4 R-sa c&.
... FB5 2 . KR2 KR4 3. KQ3 RKf6 ch. 4. KK4 R x QKtP 5. K x P KQJ 5. RK2 RKtl 7. PKt4 RBI ch., draws. 1
16 K-Kt5 R-Kt8 ch. White &?reatensto free his rook. The best BIackcan do is to force White's king in front of the QKtP. 17 K-R6 R-RS ~ h . R,,-,,.R6 IS K K t 7 His
only
counterci~ance, but
Example 223.
it
shortens the &=king distance. 19 Ti-BB ch. KKK3 20 R-K8 ch. RUB3 In the game &)nner resigned after 20... KB2 21. RKS KB3 22. RKc5 R X P 23. KB6. 21 K-36
R-B6 ch.
22 K-Kt5 R-,.-,Kt6ch. 23 K-R5 R-Kt8 The chcks e a s e alter 23 ...RR6 ch. 24. KKt4, and if then 24 ... RR8 25. RKJ. 24 R,,-R6
1
Drawn
1
R,,-1(4 K-Kt4 R--.Q4 K K4 K-Kt4 K-Kt3
Having driven BPack's rook from ih counter-attacking position, White's king rcttrrns to help his pawn.
24
. ..
I f 7... RK4 8. ICB3 RQ4 9. RKJ. 8 K-tC--B4 K-R3 9 R-Kt3 R-K4 10 P-Kt5 ~ h . #.-Kt3 11 K-Q4 R,--K5 ck. l2 K""'-Q5 R-K 1 13 K--QG It-K8
25 Ku-UKt5
26 K--B6 R-B8 ch. 27 K--Q6 R--QKt8 28 K-B7 R-,BI ~ h . 29 K-,,Kt8 R-KKt8 Black mews his attack on the KKtP, but i t is too late. 30 P-Kt7 RxP 31 K-B7 R-Kt6 32P-Kt8-Q RxQ 33 K x R . As example 196.
258 L ~ h v.r Stdnitz, 14th match Black blocks the passed pawn with his king which is rcgarded as W e , 1896.
:
I
Having a d v a d his ki:lg and pawns as far as he can, Whik contrives the winning p w n ~ ~ ~ h a n g e . 14 R-KBJ KXP 15 RxPch. K-l35 16 P-,,Kt4. Black resigns, for after 16...KQS 17, PKt5 RKKt8 18. KR6 RK5 E9, RR5 ltis king i s cut off on the rank,
f 77
III ROOK ENnTXGS
259 Bondamvsky v. Keres, Moscow, 1947. BIack's rook is badly placed in Front of the passcd pawn. Nevertheless, because he has rook's pawns White only draws. He first hrings his king to the aid of h ~ passcd s pawn: R-R3 ch. K-K5 K ,,,,,,,,,~4 2 R.--R4 ch 3 K-R5 K-K4 4 K---Kt4 K-K3 5 K-a4 K-83 6 K-K4 K-K3 7 R--R3 K-K2 g K ,,,,,,,K5 K,,--KI
.
I
R-,-I34 ch. ~ l draws ~ by ~ chec.icg k on rank, ,,d maintaining his attack on the KRP, as in Examples 239 and 251. His k-ng remains on QR2 mnderinp of no account White's QRP.
Xf this position wcrc m o v d one file to the right Bhck wouId be in zugzwang, but u it :s thc tat-move saves him.
8 ?-B7
PR6. p,,,,,,,,R4 K ,,,,,,,,R2 10 P.-R5 K,,-,K 1 I 1 K-05 K-2 12 K -335 K-.,,-B2 13 K,L.KrS R KB3 Nor 13... KKlZ '! 14. RKKt3 RKR3 IS. RKt7 ch. driving BIack's king to the back rank, 15 ... KBI 16. RK16 RB4 ck. 17. KB6 KKII 18. RRt6 KBI 19. R x l), and White wins. 14 R-R7 ch. K-K12 IS R--I35 R-138 By givi~!g up a pawn Btack's rook
Not 7... K86? 8. PRII--Q. A draw was now apwd after 8.M I 3 8 KK7.
i
260 Spielrnann v. Capablanca,Mos-
White's kina. In these circumstances the drsconnected passed pawns cannot win. I ... K--B2 ff I... K Q I ? 2. LiR6 KKl(K2) 3. PB7, xnnd if 3 . .. KB2 4. RR8; but not 2. RQ6 ch.? KK2 3. R x P RxP, and although 4. RKB5 cuts off Black's king he draws by 4... RB5 in turn cutting off White's king, as nvtcrt i i ~ Exarnfrlc 219. 2R K ,,,,,,,.Kt2 3 R--.-Q6 K-R2 4 K-B3 K-Kt2 5 K-K3 K.,,-.R2 6 K-,-Q3 K--Kt2 Black's QP is not uscfess; on the contrary i t supports his rook on an ideal syuar:. 7 a- 47ch. K-Kt3
Black's answer to White's tempo moves. Not 8. .. RB2? 9. KQ5 KK2 10. KH5 KQZ 11. KKt5 RKBJ 12.
7. KR3 cb. KKr5 8. R xP, Example 224) 7. K - 4 2 8,-KR8 8. R-Kt8 ~ h K-B6 . 9. P-R8-Q. K-Bb 5 ... K-K7 6 R-B8 ch. 7 RU,,,,,.K8 ch. K-47. RxP
9 &--Kt7 It is often difficult to protect isolated pawns without getting the rook into an inactive position. 9 ... K-,,-KtS
cow, 1925. Colours reversed. Black's king blocks one pawn, and his rook, strongly placed behind the other,mts off
Drawn
...
I0 11 g ,,,,,..Q4 12 K x P
RxP
K--m R - 4 2 ch.
A draw was agreed.
262 Mikenas
v.
Poliak, Leningrad,
1947. Colaufs reversed. Black often draws apinst passed pawns one file apart if his king obstructs them, even though White has the better rook position, as here. 1 R-R8 ].. , RR7 2 , KBS pR6 3. RR7 &. KB1 4+ KB6 R137 cb. :, I(Ktfi PR7 is 'The pawn oo *he $uarded by the rook on [he rank draws t?asiIy,
...
261 Wajdorf r. Tartakower, Dubrovnik, 1950. The alternative defence is to make sarnetbiny of the lonc passed Pawn, anit here too Black needs to have his rook aggressively p i a d . As the pawn advances White's rook is progrmivcly rmtricted. 1 p.,,,,,,,86 2 K--43 K .,,,,,,.B5 3 P-RS R-R8 4 P,-R7
...
K-K4
Not 8... K x P ? 9. R x P ch., nor 8... RR3? 9. KQ4.
!}
achieves freedom, whilst White's rook becomes cwnfii~cd. 16 P-R6ch. K-B2
7 RCfC)K AND TWO PAWNS w. R W K AND PA.WN
K-Kt1 K-RI
17 R-R7 ch. 18 R,,,,,,,.B6 19 R x P
Drawn Elis king is now driven to the back rank. Xnstmd he should play 2... R-R8 ch. 3. K-Kt5 (3. KQS RQKtH) 3.,. R-KRI, after which White makes woeress anIv bv advancing his OP.
i 178
Drawn
j
6. K,-,,,,Kt6 ch. K-Q2 f 4 RRH t ch, ~ K~ K the ~ Pxchanlr,5. Z1.,,,,,.Q6 8. K-R6 QK18 7. P-Kt5 R-R6 ch. 3. K,,,,,,-Ke7 RGQRt6 10. p-.-,.w 4 ... P,,,,,,,,Kt6 R--R6 1 1 . K-Kt$ K-QKt6 5 K-Q4 12. ?-Kt7 R 9 n 6 . Black's Fawn on
~
5.
R X P R x P draws.
ch. K-K4, but not 5.,. 6. K--RZ R-.-KS ch. (6...
Xf 5. R-B8
R-Kt6?
I
by the rooi on the the sixth rank dfaws here, but loas in the game
? ROOK AND N O P A W S v. ROOK A N D PAWN ~~ntinuation because White there holds ' cotmntcrbdance White's rook; and his back his QP, which later provides a I rook fights two pawns a$ in Example i 211. vital eempo-move (14. Xz-Q5). 3 R--R7ch. K-HI 4 K-B6 R-B8 ch. 5 K-Kt6 R.-RS Black loses when the pawn on the scventh is gusrded by the rook in front of it, 5... RKR8 6.PKt5 PR7 7. BB7 ch. KQ I 8 . RB2 KQ2 9. RR2, thfealenin$ KRG and PKt6. 6 R-R8ch. This kads to an interesiing finish but is urlrzulmsai y, as thc irnrndiatc 6.iFKtS wins, 6 , . . R x P 7. K x P RQI(Q3 ch.) 8.KK7 RQ2 ch. 9. KRII KB2 10. RR6. G K-42
...
7 P-.Kt5
265 Aleittine
Whitc wins one of them unguarded, which invites a t~anspositionto a R , , t P v. R ending. Such an ending would b dmwn if the p % W n Swere further back. 12 P--Q5 ch, K-Q2 13 R-Kt7 ch. K-K I Unlks the case with dixonnmcd pawns, Whitc'cr mating threah force Black's king out, for aftcr 13 KQI 14. KQ6, or 13... KBJ 14. RB6, the witlivut leaving
While nlavs and wins Black and d r w s
i1
R-'Rfi X ~ ~ + , . R ~ P ~ . R ~ P K B W~ h~i t e. wRi ~R b y~~ c~t t i~n g, o n c p a w n ~ o t h e seventh, the other to the fifth, 1, PRt7 KQ2 10. KKt7. RKlS 2 K86 KKt8 3. PK5 R B I ch. 8 I<-K6 R Rfj 4.KK7 K K t 8 S.RB7 RB8 ch. 6.KKttr, 9 K-Kt7 R-QKt6 andif6... KK8 7 . P K 6 R x P 8.KR7. 10 P-KIG R-X36 Black plays and draws by 1 .. RR8 11 K.,-Kt8 K'-QKtCj IZ,PKt7RKKt83.KB6RB8ch,4.KK7 K,--Q I 12 R - R 7 ~ h . RKKtl 5. KB7 KB8 ch. 6.KKt8 RK8. If 12.., KQ3 White's king extficates ] RimselfviaQ8, 1 3 . I K t 7 RQB6 14. PQ5 I 264 krgkvist v . Zapata, Dub(this t e m p m o v e decideD Id... KR6 ; rovnik, 1950, s h o w the customary 15. KJ38 RE6 ch. 16. KQ8, and now winning p r w d u ~ e when White bas I6..,RQKtS 11. RR6 ch. K X P 18. KB7 RB6 ch. 19. RKt6 RKt6 ch. K,---Kt3 * , , 20. KR7 RRdch. 21. RRS. K-w I3 P-Kt7 R-QR6 P-Kt4 14 P-Q5 P-R7 4 R-K8 Bkack is in zugz,wana. Xf 14... RQKt6 15. KR7, and, White's king extricates itself via Q6. R-Kt8 If 14 KKI IS. KB8 RB6 ch.. and because Black's pawn is only on the R-K8 ch. sixth, White can play 16, RB7. 7 K--Q3 R-Q8 ch. 15 R x P R ,,,,,..Q2 8 K-W P-Kt5 Black resigned six moves later. White 1 9 K-35 P--Kt6 R,,,-KKt8 10 B,,,--KKIB sacrifices the QP to ~t SaIvio's position, ' Example 219. I , 11 P-B4 P-Kt7 i When Black's rook is in front of tkc 263 Kienid@r v . Richter, Munich, j pawn on the seventh, Whito wins if his 1941, Cnlours reversed. Here Black docs , irnited p w n s are on thc fourth. M i t e cannot advance the pawns not blwk the pawns. I,iisking md pawn
1
1
...
i
180
.
v. Bog01jubow, 8th
match gnrne, 1974 rolmrrr r + v c d Tn sharp contrast to Example 262, having the pawn on the xventh guarded by the rook on the rank is the least favourable
arrangcmmt for Black. White may win even when thc united ppwns are as far back as the second rank, unless Black's king can support i t s pawn, making it a
I real counterthreat.
1 R.-RI It is better for Whitc to plax his rook behind the KRF, Because this is not possiblc Black has more counterplay than usual. Aftc* 1. RBI ? Alckhine drew, I . . . RQB7 2. RBI ch. KKt6 3. K Q 5 KKt7 4. R K i l PRI(?,=Q 5 . R x Q K x R , Example 207. The textmove is given by KIein (1934). 1 ... K.--B.5
...
pawns' advance continuesunmdested. 14 K - 4 6 White canmt avoid a pawn exchange, but may choose imtcad to win with thc BP, 14. PQ6 KBl 15. PQ7 RQ8 16. R x P R x P 17. KB6. 1 4 . ,. R--QB8 15 R x P RxP 16 R-K2 ch. K-,,,,,QI Now Black's rook turns 'out to be awkwardIy placed, but if 16... KBI 17, KQ7, Example 219. 17 R-KH2 K,--Bd 18 R-R8ch. K--,,KZ2 19 K 4 7 R-32 ~ h . 20 1~,,,,,,,.<6 K-Kt2 21 P-Q6
The game continuation 23. RQ8? should draw nfim 21 ... RKU ch. 22. KB7 KB2. 21 . . . R-Kt3 ~ h . ~h~ cbwking distanFc: is tm short (Examnle 221). but if 21... K83 22.
White plays and wins
i
I
1 i
I
The counter-attack fails, 1 ... K-Kt6 (or 1 K H 2. KB3 RK6 3 . PB7) 2. K B3 R ,,,,,,,,K K I ~3. p,,,,,,.,, K ~ K 4. pPR8 Thc rook alone cannot halt the pawns, 1. .. R-OH7 2. KO5 KK6 3. P04 R07 4- P R R~ ~ ~ Ph ~. : K B SR Q ~6: R Q ~ I PR8=U 8. PmzQ. RQB7ch. 7-
...
-Q+
~
~
I11 ROOK ENDINGS 2 F,--B6 L-Ktl If 2... K-K3 (2... R x P 3. R X P ) 4. P-B7 R x P 3. R-K 1 ch. K-B3 The mating threats are Rtack's un5. K-B4 R - - 4 7 (5.. .RK6 6.PI38 :-:Q) doing. If 2... RKt5 ch. 3. KKt5 RKt4 6. K-,83. ch. 4. KR6. 3 K--QS K-B3 3 R-Kt7 ~ h . K-R1 4 p-43 K-K2 I f 3... KRI 4. RR7 ch. KKti 5 . 5 R-,....Klch. K-,,Ql PR7 ch. KUI 6.RK8 ch. 6 K-06 R-46 4 R--QR7 R-Kt5 ch. If d... RK7 7 . R x R P R 8 - Q 8. 5 K--Kt5 K--Q1 PB7 ch. K ,,,,,,,.gl 6 R - 4 7 ch. 7 R--QRI K,--K I 7 P-Kt7. 8 R-R8 ch. K-H2 Black resigns. 9 R-48 K--I37 Rlack to play forces an immediate 10 P-I37. draw by I . , . PKt7 2.KRGRxP.
266 KostiC v . Reti,
Gothenburg,
IQM CaIoursreversed.The most favourable position for the defender's rook is behind his pawn. White cannot win unless he gets buth pawas to the sixth, and not even then with KtP+RP. A sly move, which entraps his unwary apponent-
287 A position from the p m e 1,lennebrgcr v. Schonmann, Correspondace, 1937-38. Black's rook i s powerfully placed behind thc pawn, but White wins in a diffcrcnt way, blocking it with his kine. P-R5 ch. I .- 2 K-R2 K-fi ? K,--K7 - P-H5--4 P- B6 R -KR8 5 K-K6 Noi5. K x P ? R x P . 5 .. K, -Bfi 6 P-K4 And certainly not 6. K x P ? RRI "
mate. 6
...
7 P-K5
K-Kt5 R--QR I
Drawn 1
...
P-Kt7'? draws by preventing the alignment of White's pawns on the sixih, 2. K,-Kt5 R--Kt4 3. KC-B6 (if 3 . KR6 R x IJ 4. KK8 ch. RBI, but not 3. PK17? PRt7 when Bbck wins) 3 . . . R-Kt1 5. R-R7 ch. 4. R--,.K.7 ch. R-Rl K-..-K~I 6. K . 4 6 (6. KKt5 RKt4) 6... R-Kt3 ch. 7. K--Q5 R-Kt4 ch. 8.K--I34 P-Kt7 9, P-B6 R-B4 ch. f
... R-Kt3
7
ROOK A m ) TWO PAWNS v. ROOK AND P A W
R-R7 ch. 9 K--Ktl P-R7 ch, JO K-,RI K-Kt6 I I R-Kt6 ch. K-R6 I2 R-Ktl This ingenious combination i s the only way lo win. 12 ... P x R-Q ch. 13 K x Q R-RI If 13... KKlG 14, PB8:-Q. 14 K-R2 Not 14. PKB?KRt6, when the mating threats draw. 1 4 . .. K-Kt5 I 8 P-I37
67 P,,,-K7. White wins.
268 Thomas v . Alekhine, Nlistiogs, 3922. Colours rovemd. Were Black's p i m s are so placod that thcy halt the advance of the united pawns, and in the following continuation he prevents White's king diroctty blocking the lonc pawn. 1 K-R2 White cannot lose a move. If be moves
his rook Black's king taka up a more favourabk position blocking the pawns, I. R-KKt7 (or 1 . RR8 K K t 2 2. RKKtKt8 KR3 3. RKt5 RQRG 4. RKt5 KKt2 ane now i f 5 . KB2, then 5... RB6 ch. 6. KK2 RB1 much as in thc text) 1 ,. . K-Kt4 2. R-Kt5 ch. K-R3 3. R KR5 (if 3. KRZ R36 ch,,and 4.. RBI, which the text-move pmvtnts) 3... R-QK6 (it would not be correct t o give up the lone pawn 3... RKt7 ell?. 4. RKt3 RKt6 ctl. 5, K x P,for although Whitc's hlwkcd pawns are the cornparat i ~ ~ lunfavourahlc y RP-h-KtP he can heFe FnanuPuvre his king to the aid of his KtP) 4. K-B2
White wins
R-QRtG
5 . K-K2
White plays and draws Rlack ntavs and lows
Forced, but adequate. If Black moves his king, OF M O Y ~ Shis rwk OR the QKt file, mire wins by PKt7; whilst if the rook rernporim on the QKt Me, I . . . RKFS? White's king confronts the pawn and wins. 2. KKt3.
2 K-Kt1 R-- Kt6 ch. N o t 2... RQKt6? 2. KKt2, and White has lost a move. 3 K-B2 R-B6 ~ h . 4 K-Kl To avoid repetition White plays to the K file, whcrc his king is cct off from the pawn. 4. KK2 is no httsr, 4... RBI 5. PKt7 PKt6 6. RR8 RB7 ch. 4 ... R-B I 5 8-KKt7 If 5. PKt7 PKt6 6. RRS? PKt7. 5 ... K-Kt4 K-R3 6 R-Kt5 ch. P-Kt6 7 K+2 P-Kt7 8 K-B3 R-B5 ch. 9 K--Kt4 I0 K-R3 R-B4 11 R x P RxP. In the p m e continriation White a n not Be prevmtect from dirwtly blocking
Black's pawn, and in wnsequence he R--QR~ 6. K - 4 2 P-Kt6 7. R-K2 B - ~ 7 ch. 8. K,&.I31 R-OKt7 9. wins : R-B~R--QR~.(~,..KxP?-Io.RRS1 . 4 . P.--Kt6 a-) 10. R-R8 ch. K-Kt2 11. Thcrc is n o way for Black t o Io* a K--KtX, with a draw (Cheron). move. I... RKO ch. 2. KKt3 RKtS 183
8 MORE PAWNS: MATERIAL ADVANTAGE
X I 1 ROOK 'ENDINGS
3. KR4 coma to the same fhing. If he I Examplm 280-284 show the kind o t moves his king, or if he m o w his rook play when there is a pawn-majority; it is usually possible for the stronger pany OR the fik, then 2. PKt7 arM quickly. to ersure for himseff the better rook 2 K-.-A3 I?--Kt7 ck. position before he permits a simplifiaThere is nothing bctter. Af!er 3. R x P tion, $0 that when he makes a passed R-Kt7 Ch. 4. K,----B3R-Kt6 ~ h .5. pawn his rook will be satisfactorily
!
K-,-K4 K-Kt8
5. K-K5
K-K8
~ h . placcil.
7.K-B6 R . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~8.~ ~K-K7 Q R t 8R-KRI 9. R-B7 ch. K-Kt4 10. P--Kt7 R--KI
Examples 285-287 show some of the nossiSilitics in cases whez the pawns are bn o x side of the board, oh four or fewer files, when a pawn up cannot win unless one aho has othcr advantage+ as is atso the tax in queen or bishop
11. K-6
(Il.RBB?RR2ch.) 12. K-,,,Q7 (12. RB8? RR3 cR.) I2... R~+.QKtl $3. K-B6 K-R2 14. Er-.-R6, Ezmple 246, Thomas yesigned. 11... K-R3
I 8. MORE PAWNS: MATERIAL ADVANTAGE When White has no positional disadwantas a pawn up is not less Iikely to win than is thc case with othcr pieces; ~ U xhe E
endicm. The fmd example B an arnusinp. remindcf that in r&k endinp stalemate is a r,oe uncommon drawing =source. Them arc. as usual. other kkinds of posit:.it!onaldisadvantage, such ns isolated or doubled pawns, etc., which may sufftciently counterbrtlancc a matcrial
Black sometimes draws this kind of ending by ccuuntcr-action on the king's side as in the ncxt example; he= this is not possible. and therefom hr: Tow. 5 K-33 K-B4 6 R-R2 Whitc makes a tempo-move with his rook. 6 ... K--Kt4 After this White's king invades the king's sidc, but i T 6... KQ4 7. KKt4 KB3 8. K W KQ3 9. KKrS, diitdging
The game tmk a Iongr course after
12 ... R-36 13 R-Kt8 White triangufatcs, winning at onm; but if chis m o m were not available, Cllzl-e wouirl tK. othcr ways of brcaking up BIack's king's side. 13 R-34 14 P-J3.1 R-B3 15 K--B8 R-B4 16 K,--Kt7. Black is in mgwang. White wins the KBP and the game.
13l11ck'srook.
A
pra~iicirlpiublcnls are diF~ult, advuiiage,
and for this reason rook endings are often said to be drawish, w k n it would be more precise to say th~tthey arc so difkult that chances of s draw may well
269 AIckhiw and
findl
v. Capabtanca, 34th match game, Euenos Aims.
Whitc wins I his passed pawn is on or beyond the founh rank with Black's rabk in front of it. The defending rook is passivciy p l d , and a n n o t disturb the White kin@ advance. I R-R4 The firat step is to gat the rook actively placed. Urdike tha case with the king, the knight, or tho queen, $here is no question of 'mntraiizing' the rook. Its best position i s determined by the pawn structure. A rook is not weakcr on the edge of the board but rather it is stronger so pl&, for the checking distancc (when retewt) i s then at a
maximum.
worth a Dawn.
The text move is best; but 1. RQS d m not jeopardi~fithe win, for Black's rook is still badly p l a d in front of the pawn. K-B3 1
. ~xarnile269-279shows bow different 2 KmmB3 positions of the rooksaffect rhe results in those comparativdy simple ending 1 Next the king admnws, via the centre, when t k ~ r cis just one outside passed with the intention of supporting the pawn. I passed pawn. +
1
184
+
.
270 Bwtvinnik v. Borisenko, U.S.S.R. Championship, 1955. Coburn
1927.
arise. The most important of 311 the positional factors is the situalion of the rooks. 'I herc is a viral distinction M w w n an aggressively post;d rook and one an thc defensive. An aggressive rook i s oat that i s behind a passed pawn; or one that attacks an u n p a s d pawn which, has to be defended by a rook; or one that caccupics the sevcnth rank or an important own file. A knight or queen may be badly placed, but, given time, its ~ositionmay be improved; it i s less often SO with the rook. Othcr pimay retain much of their power whilst blocking a passed pawn, b ~ tthe rook i s a poor defender. A rook controlling the only open file, or the seventh rank, is an advanlaw often
h
reversed. Hack draws because he brings about
some favourable pawn cxxchangcs on the king's side. 1 Ru,-,,,R4 The rased pawn should be stotrmd - - ;ts far bwk as Gssib1e. a
White to piay
If Btack moves his rook the QW advanes.
If Black mows his pawns he weakens them; hc cannot win the tempo struggle, for White can make any number of waiting - moves with his rook.
7 K* R-43~ h , Thepawncndingislost after7 ...R x P. If 7... K-Kt5 8. R-R1 K-Kt6 9. K-BS K -Kt7 10. K-Kt5 Jl-KB3
...RK3
f l . R Q 1 ) 1I.P-RG. 8 K KS R -K3 ch. 9 K-IS$ K-R 3 By thus reversing the ro1t.s of his pi-
(10
Black frees his rook which, however, w n o t in the long nm dcfmd the Iring's
side,
I
h
+
2 K-Kt$? Already t h decisive ~ error. White can win by 2. K-Kt2. 2... P.-B3 3. K,-,,,BZ P-R4 (3 PKt4 4. PRS) 4. K-K? %'-Kt4 5. K 4 4 P x P 6. P x P K-BZ 7. K-B4 K-K3 8. K-Kt4, and if 8... RKB4
...
9. PR5. Z... K-Kt2 3. K-B2 K-R3 4. K-K3 P--R4 (4. .. KK4 5. KQ3 KQ.1 6. KB3. Example 269) 5. P-,.M K-B4 6. K 4 4 K-.Kt5 7. K-R3 P R 3 8. K-Bi P-.Kt4 9. B P x P P x P 10. P x P K X P 11. K-Kt4 K-RI 12. P-R5. 2 ... P-B3 3 K-34
I11 ROOK ENDINGS 8...
P-R6 9 K-l32 R-,,KWU XO K-B1 R-KB4, A draw was agreed af~crl I. K---Kt1 (lI.RRJRKKf4) I f R x P ILK-R2 R,-B2 13. P-RS R--4R2 14. K x P K-E2 IS. K,,,--Kt4K-4K3.
If 3. PR.1 KB2 4. KB3 KK3 5. KK4 PR4 6. KQ4 PKt4 7. BPxP P x P 8. K34 KQ3, Btack's king is within reach of the QRP and ha may free his rook, 9. KKt4 RK4 f 0. RQB2 P x P 11. P x P RK8, with play it,r in Example 259. But this offers Whita better chances than the game continuation.
...
271 Botvinnik v. Bolesfavsky, Mosww, 1941. T h c gassed pawn is a QKtP, and h a u s e it is not so far away (as compared with the QRP of the precding exarnnlcs), Black's king h ~ some s chance of capturing it and returning in time to save his pawns. XL
ih
alw to Blackh
advantage h a t there xre fewer pawns oa the king's side, for when Whitc's king attucks them it wifl galher a smaller fixvet.
In spite of these factors, and a backward king, White
Black to play After 4. KKJ P x P 5. P x P K32 6.KQ3KR37.W3KQ3,3lack's)iing is in time to stop theQRP, 8.KKt4 RK4 9. RRZ R K D ~ ' 10. RR3, and Whitc's rook is dcfensivefy placed.
4 ..* 5 K-K4
*.
By his advance White pins down tho 1 enemy rook.
1
:p__R3
R-Bl
...
6 K-,Q4
P x P ch.
7 PXP 8 K-K3
P-,M P-R5 Px P
White retmats, for if 8. KB4 FRG 9. KKt4 RR4 10. RR2 his rook is defensively pIaced, lo.,. RRS ch. 1 1 . KK15 RR4 ch. 12. RKt6 RR3 ch. 13. KKt7 RR4.
8.
8 MORE P A W : MATERIAL ADVANTAGE R x R ch. K x R 9. KB4 KB3 ; the passed pawn, and when each player
10. KKS KQ2. 4 ... 5 K-R2 6 K-Kt3
R--QK t 1 Y-QI 83
1
j has three or fewer p a w on the other side. 1 P-R6 P-R4 2 K.-B3 K--B3
7 K-Kt4 K-Kt2 3 K-K4. I If 7.. RKt2 White's simplest mncthod i After 3. PR7 White% king cannot is to appose the kings, 8. ICW KKQ4 i profitably advance b a u s e of cheeks on the files; whereas after the text move 9. KK3 KKK4, as in Example 269. BLack draws by 3 . . . RxP, or by 3... 8 R-KI R-KKtl KK3 4. KQ4 -4 5. KBS KKt5 6. 8 R-K6 KC-R 3 KKt6 RKt7 ch. (driving the king in If9... KKtl 10. RR7. front of the pawn) 7. KR7 R x P,and if 8. RQBl K x P 9. RE34 RQKD 10. RR8 10 K-Kt5 R--,,BCt2 P83 I I. PR7 PKt4, for in either case he f 1 P-R4 g a s sufficient compensation on theking's N~~~ \mite breaks through on side. king's side. 11. .,. K,,-,R3 I2 P-R5 K-Kt2 I -273 Black sometimeshas difficulties K-R3 13 P-Kt4 1 wrth itis counter-attack if the pawns are K-Kt2 I4 K-&4 ; partly or wRoIfy blocked. If his king is 15 P 4 6 PxP exposed ho muat also guard against 16 R x P R-Kt2 White's pIaying PR7 with the threat of 17 K-RS. moving the rook and queening the 2. KQ2 e.g+ifh@reI-,. After the game continuation 17... pdwfi, KR3 18. RQR6 RR2 19. RB7 RK4 ch. 3. KB2 KK3? then 4. PR7+ 20. PKtS K x P 21. R xP, or the afterI R-R .-6 native f 7, RK2 f 8. PKtS RKBZ 19. Black's rook must try to curb the RKB6 RKZ 20. RR6 RQ2 21. RR8 activitie-
.
I
...
..
.
Black now gets a passctl pawn, and suficient counterplay. Whitc's best chance i s 5. K-Kt4 K-,,,KtZ 6. W-,-R5 K-Kt 7. K-,,,,K6 K---RI 8. P-Kt4 (8.PB4 P x P 9. P x P K K l t 10. PX35 KB2) S . . . K-Kt X 9. R-R3 K-R1 10. R-K3 R-R3 ~ h .I I . K X P, 5
RxP
.
...
White to play 4.K K t l KQ4 5. KB2 82s a more direct way of bringing the king into play.
A passed pawn should be advanced, not as far as is possible, but cts h r ~ L Sis necessary. 4. PKt7? draws, 4... RQKtt 5. KKtI KQ3 6.KB2 KB2 7. Kg13
7
III ROOK. ErnWGS
8 MORE PAWNS: MATERIAL ADVANTAGE
thf: text-move White's king advances with the h o p of sheltering from the chmks by playing to KKt5 or KR4. 3 K -R8ch. R-R7 ~ h . 45 K-K3 K K2 R-RS I Whrte's king must bc kept out of KB4.
1
i
...
6 K--QJ 7K-44 8 R-B4
R-R5 ~ h .
9K-45
R-R4 cR.
I
J
...
...
.
.
...
PxP
PxP R-R5
4 P-R7
This advance, which indirctly secures Whi:e's king's side pawns (erg. 4... R x KP 5 . KQKtR), is juslifred h ~ r r s e Whi:e's king can find safety at Kh or
R- K4
RR3 8. KKt3 KK5 attack& Wi~ite's pawns, and ii' here 8. RK7 XQ3. 5 K-Kt2 6 K-.,-B2 P-Kt4 This sacrifice creates a passed pawn which provides sufficient counterplay. Not 6 . . RRS ? 7.KKt3 R x BP 8.PR7. 7 BPxP P-I35 8 K-42 P--H6 K ,,,,,,,.Kt3 9 R-Kt7 ~ h . 10 fl-R7 R-87 ckt I 1 K-KI K-B4. Either 12. RU7 ch. RKt3 13. R x P R x P 14. RBS ch. KKt2 15. KB2 RR6 11- R--Kg 16. RKR6 RQKt6 17. R x P RKr3, or 12. RRKt7 RK7 ch. 13. KB1 RQR7 If 11. K xP R x P ch. If 11. KK5 14. RB7 ch. K K t 3 IS. RQKt7 KB4 RK7ch. 16. RKt7 KK15, draws. I1 ... R x RP iz k ~ cir. 7 R x R ch. 274 BIack's blocked pawns are 13 K x R K-Kt3. weak, but he draws h a u s e his active T b pawn ending is drawn, 14. KK6 rook can curb the White king's activitim. KKt4 15. KB7 PBS 16. KK6 PKS. I R,-R6 2 K-BI 275 Unzicker Y. Lundin, AmsterAfter2.PR7 RR8 3.PM P x P e.p.ch. dam, 1954. Alf of thefie exampks with 4. K x P PR5 Black draws quickly, the rook in front t)f the QRP &ate Example 237. closely to Examples 237-240, 2 R ,,,,,,,.Ry 1 P-R7 3 P--R7 In general this advance should ba If 3. KKI KR2 4. KQI R x P, and made only when it gains a clear advanBlack okains enough counterplay. After t a p as here; for now Black's king, which
...
2
R-R6 ch.
I0 K-K6 R-R7 Not 10 RR3 ch.? 11. K x P RR4ch. 12. KT34 RR5 ch. 13. KKt5 RR&h. 14. KR4, and if 14 KR2 15. PR3 RR5 16. P x P PxP 17. KRS RKt2 18. RKt8 R x P 19. RK14.
R-R8
due course by PW.
...
Black to play
...
I K-R2
2 !?-Kt4 The altcrnative is 2. PKQ followed in
White to play
cannot gel to tho rafc s ~ u a r KKQ s and
i
5K-Kt3
:EzE
R-R6 ch. R-R7 ch. R--R5 ch. K-Kt3
m2, dare not move, else White checks I K--Q2 with the rook and queens the pawn. 1 .,. R-R7 ch. S... square PKt3 White II hisXfKB5 by 9. maka PR5 favailable x P 10, It is a struggle htween White's king : p x p, the coun&+aitxk lo.,. and Rlzck's rook, and White wins pw 11. p x p is inadeq.jale. W a u w Ilis king has a safe square at 9 f-R5 ~ h . K-Kt4 KR6. i 10 F-R6 R-R 8 2 K-43 R-K4 3 K-44 4 K,,.,-W R-R6 R-R8 5 K-HS R-R6 6 K-Q6 R--R3 7 K-,K7 8 K-I37
9 K-Kt7 10 E,-RG If R--QKt8 12 13 14 15
R-Kt5 ~ h . KxP KXP P-Kt4
K-Kb R-R8 K,,,-.R3
RxP K-K3 R-Rl R-,-KKtl R-R1 ch.
16 K-Kt6. Black miens, for if 16... R x P 17. RKt6 ch.
275 Bisguitr v. UdovEie, Zagreb, 1955. Wkcn each player has four or more pawns on the king's side White has be~terwinning chances. 1,b can make new threats (c.g. a p a s d KP); his king can mcre easify find or create safe Squares amongst the Black pawns; and it iu less likely that all his king's side pawns will be exchanged off.
WQte to play This forces Black's king to retreat, fox eithcr 10... K x R P $1. RR8 ch., or 10... Px P 1t. RKtS ch., loses at once. I0 ... K-Kt3 11 P x P KxP K -R7 ch. 12 K-82 1 3 K Kt3 R-R8 I4 K-Kt4 R-R7 15 K-Kt5 Biack's rook cannot prevent White's king reaching RRS, with a decisive attack on the Biack pawns.
R MORE PAWNS: MATERL4L ADVANTAGE a g p s i v a position for his own rook, but be must also prevent Black's rook from taking an aggressive position. If it were Black's move here, then f , R--QB1 (or 1. RQI) f o b w e d by pIzying the rook to r k sevanth wouItl ofTer him
..
..
excdlrnt drdwing chances. 1 R-RI Of one or more open fries the remoter is, in general, marc important. I ,.. K-Q3 In preventing the invasion of his second rank (1 ... RQl 2. RB7 ch. KK3 3. PKt3) Black is forced to hlock the queen's file which his rook might otherwise have occupied. White nwt bings his king into play.
2 P--QR4 Zf 2.- RKI 3. RQI ch. KB3 4. KBZ, when the Icing's file is not of much use to Black. d..
Whitc to play
3 K-B.2 P--Q Kt4 Black h o p s lor pawn cxchngcs or counterplay on this wing; bowevcr, these a d v a w s teave the panns more vulnerable to attack later on. 4 P-QR3 White may now answer 4 . ,. PKt5 by 5 . PQR4, or 4...PK5 by 5. PQKi4.
White next makes st p a w l pawn, first driving Black's king farther away. 6 . K-B4 It would k bcttcr for Black if his king could oppose the pawn-majority, but after 6.. KM2 Whitc exchanges rooks. 7 F-,,KKt4 P x P ch.
..
the advantage Qs was the case with minor ~irn?) that he may irnprovc his position by oflering an exchange of
rooks. 1 R,-,-Q3
Black's king is cut off. more than outweighs an aggressive advance on the file, fur if 8... RK6 OF 8.. RK7, 9. PB5.
.
White prepares to contest the remoter {QB>file.
Naturally Whik brings up his king. It is pncraXIy wrong to mobilize the pawns before the pieces, and if White phys irditPerently, e.g. 2. PKR4, then Black dm$the QB file 2... RQB1, for
if3.IIQB37RxR 4.PxRKQ4.
K-Kt3 K-B4 K-BR R,,-.,,B3 R-R I I' X P
F,-R4
I8 it-BS c t ~ . K-Q3 After I S . . , RKt3 White's king suppork the advance of the KBP, tventually winning the rook for it. &cause of this tlmat Black gives up anot11erpawn. I9 R x P R--KI ~ h . 20 f c - , , , , , ~ 4 R-K7 21 R Q5 ch. K- -82 22 P-36 R-KB7 If 22,.. R x P White places his rook
behind the KBP, 23. RKBS. 23 K ~5 P-R 5 24 K-,,,K6 R xP 2s P-37. Black resigns.
281 Najdorf v. Kottnauer, Amsterdam, 1450. In the preceding exampb the extra pawn was itsdf a dtrisive threat. The player with the extra pawn also has
R,,,,-.QBI R-4f
Sot 7,RB7? RQ7 when a11the queen's side pawns will must li h l y be cxclratregd.
After the text-move Black resigns because of 8. KB7.
10 R-Q7 P-R3 1 I IZ-,,,.QR7 Another finesse, pushing Bfack's king
farther away. tl ... 12 R-K7 13 R-KSch. 14 P-HS 15 K,-K4 16 P-Kt4 17 P X P
5 R-43 6 R-43 7 IZ-,,,,,.U6 ch.
8 KxP R-Kt1 ch. Sooner or Iater, in most cases, the defender's rook obtains acrive ptay, and Whitc's task is to dctay thk for as long as possible. This he has done, and the powerful passcd pawn, from which
If 4.. . RIM 5. RK7 RQ7 6.R x P ch. winning anothcr pawn.
White to play
Black's king gets in the way on the
central files, as in Example 280.Tnstcad lte should play Z... P.........Kr3 ~ililkiilpB Role fcr it; and play might continua
282 Konsfantinopolsky v. Shaposhnikov, Sochi, 1952. When both sides havz a wing majority, which implies a more unbdanad pawn structure, White wins mom msily; for he can set up two united pasxd pawns which arc much superior to the singb passed pawn that Rtack is likelv to obtain on the other wing. ~ o r n ~ aExamples ie 264 to 268. I R--QKtS P-qKt3 2 I%-KW K--K3 3 K-Kt2 K 44 After 3... P--KK14 4. K-R3 P-KR4 5. P-B4 K-B3 (5 ... R34 6. PQR4 threatening 7. BKtS) 6 . RKt5 I?-Kt5 ch. (6... RB4 7. R x R ) 7. K,,,,,,,,R4 R.--I37 8. R x P R x P ck. 9. ICxP R x P 10. P-K4, White wins the ram to quecn h a u s e his pawns are more advanced, and not k c a m they are more numerous. 4 R - 4 2 ch. K-,,B3 Black plays the king here because it supports the advance of his own malority. If 4... KKS 5. RQ7.
3. P-KR4 R-BI 4. K-B3 R--QI 5. R-I36 ch. (if S. RK3 ch. KB3 6. RQ3 RQBI 7. K33 RQ1 8. R36 ch. KKt2) 5,.. K - - 4 2 6. R-BZ K-K3 7.K-M, when White may mobilize his majority, or his king may invade the king's side. 3 R-33 R-QI 4 R-KLch. A finesse. White to play
8 MOW P A W S : MATERIAL ADVANTAGE
HI ROOK ENDINGS 5 P-B4
P4R4
1
6 K-B3
K-QK14 7 I',,--I35 f-R5 8 P-K4 R---l38 If 8... PKt5 9. PK5 PKt6 10. P x P P x P 1 1 . PK6ICB7 12.PK7. 9 P-KS R--KE If 9... RB8 ch. 10. KK4 RK8 A. 11. KQ4. 10 R-K2 R-R8 ch. 1 I K-Kt4 K-Q2 12 K--KtS p Rfj 62... PKtS 13, PK6 ch. KKI 14. RQKr2 PR6 15. R x P coma to ihe same thing.
...
P-R3
Hex {or on the next move) 1... RB5, attempting to improve the rook's position, is to be wnsidord; but it seems doubtful whether Black can win after 2. PKt5 ch, KKt3 2 . RKt7 RB3 4. KK4. 2 P-R4 &-Kt4
If 2... PKR4 3.
W5 ch, or 3. PKt5
A draw was a g r d , for Bhck cannot M his rook.
1
9 K--R5 10KxP
R-K6
ARor 10. KKt4 KKt3 11. R x P PR4 ch. 12. KR3 PRS Black's united pass4 piwns lead to a win. On thc sixth move, hex, and later on,
284 Stahberg v. Kcm, Budapest, 1950. The better position of White's king, which threatens to penetrate the
K-B2 1 ... 2 K-B5 R-RI 3 R-42 White prevents Black freeing his rook. Not 3. PQKta? RQ1 4. R x P RQ4
what is to corm; but he carnot avoid the draw by 6... K-KS, becaiise of 7. P-Kt5 R--QKt6 8. Pd-QS cR. K-K4 ( S . , . R x P 9. RR6) 9. P -Q6 R x P 283 fins v, StaMkrg, TXncianSkee 10. P---Q7 R-Kt 1 I 1. R.-R6 P-R4 1 3 . R-RG ch. Teplice, 1949. The deftndcx may draw if , 12. R -.R5 K7R3 he has a pasitionaf advantage, espscidly K-K2 14, K-RS R-KKtl 1s. that of a bettm placed rook. He:eBlack's tI P+8=-Q ch. rook, awkwurdly obstructing his pawns, 7 K Kt2 R--R4 confrfits M ~ with I Y White's ag&rmsivc lf 7... R R ~8. p ~ t ~5b . or , ir rile rook rook on the seventh. x moves off the KR file, ti~en8. RR6. 1 ?--Kt4 8 P-Kt5 ~ h . K-B4 9 8-KKt4 KX P White mdeavours to liytrldate the 10 R-K4. queen's side pawos.
im>inent annihilation of his king's side pawns. R x QKtP * 10 . . . 11 K-RS R-Kt7 12 P-,R3 7 mate! White overfooks Kerns' subtle mating threat. The obviour, move, 12. R x P, is now b p t , and after the scramble for pawns, 12... R x P 13. KK7 RK7 14. KKf4 PR4 15. RKR7 RK5 ch. 16. KB3 RK6ch. 17. KQ4 R x P 11. RxP, a draw is the probable rautt. 12. .. R-K7 f 3 R-,,.BI If 13. R x P RKS, threatening RR5 mate! If 13. KKt4 RRS ch. 14. KT33 RK6 ch. 15. KQ4 R x P. 33 ... R-,K6 RxP 14 P-Kt4 Btack to play 15 R-BR ch. K-04 P-Kt3 16 K-B7 3 R--QB 1 17 K x P R-,-Kt6 ch. R-K'B6 Not 3... RQI? 4. R x R K x R 5. 18 K-R4 R x P ch. KKt6. 19 R x P R x P. 20 K-Kl3 4 R--Q6 K-Kt2 ch. 5 K-Kt4 R-B7 White msigned artm 21. KR3 KK5 If Black wants to win he must take his 22. KQ2 RKr7 ch. 23. KK1 PKi4 24. &tame with this move, which gives the i KBI RQR7 25. RKRU PK15. raok activc pliny. 285 Capblanca v. Yates, Aastings, 6 P-I34 1930-3 1. When 3 pawns arc opposed by Not 6. R-Q7 ch.? K-Kt3 7. R - 4 6 2 pawos on one side or t h board, and ch. (7. R x P PR4 ch. 8. KR3 PRtS ch. them is no passed pawn, the game is 9. KR4 RR7 mate) 7... R-B3 8. nnraally drawn. To have any winning R-7 F,,-,,,,R4 ch. 9. KR3 RE29 W ~ C R chances at all White must have x centre Black &S f d his queen's side paw=. nawn as here (and as Pmmplrs 286,287, 6 ... RxP 7 R--Q7 ~ h . K-B3 1 ... R-K8 3 If 7...KKt3 8. RQ6 ch. This position should be cornpared with Fxamplc 254. loo aback. 8 RXP R--K5 ch.
194
195
13 P-K6 ch.
K ,,,,,,,.KI
14 R-,,,,,QUZ P-Kt5 15 R--B8ch. K-KZ 16 R-QR8 Anticiparing the breakthrough sacrificc, PKtG. Jb R-Kg 17 R--R4 R+K7 If 17... RKS 18. RR7 ch. 18 RxKtP R x QRP 19 R.L.Kt7 ~ h . K-41 20 R-87 ch. K--Kt1 21 R-OR7 K--BI 22 P-IT4 R-R8 23 P--RS. And the r h m t of PKR5 forced Biack's resignation. If 23 PR7 24. PR5 P x P ch. 25. KB6; if 23 PR7 24. PR6 RKKt8 White mates in three; and If 23.'' 'lCt6 25. ch. RK1 RKB8 27. PB6.
ch. 3 R-BGcR. K--44 R-,,R6 ~ h . 4 RxQRP Black is at a disidvantage inasmuch as his onited pawns stre RP+KtP. Here abbckdefollows4... P x P 5.RxQRP RK5 ch. 6. XI33 R xP 7. RRI R x P 8. RRI RKt3 9. KKt4.
...
...
...
''' ''
- + +
white to play
PxP
5 K-I32 6 RxQRP
wms
KxP to
r#,
inkling of
/
8 MORE PAWNS: MATERIAL ADVAWAGE should not allow White to get his pawns to the fifth rank, but should play I . . .
1
White threatened PK6. The KBP is, as
Rc1nfe1d puts it, the A c h h heel of P-,-,B3 2. K-Kt2 R-K8 3 , K--,B3 Black's position. (3. PK5 P x P 4. R x P R x R 5. P x R , If 8 . . . KKt3 9. PR5 ch. KKi4 10. PR4) J.,. R-R8 ch. 4. K-K3 13.R x P K x P I I , PK6. KKt8, wiih a prpetuaI a:tack on 9 R-Kt8 ch. K Kt2 White" pawns. 2 P-KT
~6 &,
3 K-Kt2 4 R-B5 ch.
!A-QR6 K,---fCt2
5 R-QKt6'? 5 . RQd is correct, and if 5... RRS 6. KB3 RR6 ch. 7. KK4 RB5 ch. 8.
R-Q4.
5 ... R--K6? In 1957 Kopaiev showed the follow-
ingdraw: s... RR5 6.KB3 RR6ck. 7. KK4 RR5 ch. 8. KBS RR5 9. RKt3 RR5 10. RK3 RR3 t 1. RK4 RR5 ch, 12. KB3 RR3 13. Pi35 KBI 14. RKt3 RR8 15, RK18 ch. KK2 16. PB6 ch. KK3 17. RK8 ch. KQ4 18. PK6 RR3. 6 K-Kt4
R ,,,,,,,,,(4R6
..
Jf 9. KR2 10. PI35 RR4 I I . RR8. 10 P---HS
White now threatens 11. P-B6 ch. K-Kt3 ( f l . , . KR2 12. PK6) 12. R Kt8 ~ h K-R2 . 13. K-Kt7 ch. winning the KBP. I0 ... R-R7 ch. Perrr,itt~ngWhite's king to advance, but thcrc is nothing better. If JO... KR2 f 1. PB6 RX36 12. PR6. 11 K--K3 R-Xi6 ch. f 2 K-K4 R-RS ch. I3 K 4 5 R-M cR. If 13... R x P 14. PB6 ch. KR2 15. RKBS KKt3 16. RKl8 ch. KB4 17. R x R K x R 18. PK6. 14 K-6 R-R3 cR. 15 K-I37 i f White's rook were at Q8 he would be able to play 15. KK7 hcre.
7 K-B2 ? White hesitat-; and Mack could now draw: 7...F,---R4!8. P-Kt5 (8. P x P R K R 9 P.....-RS9. R,,-.-Kr7K-- Kt 3 10. R-Kt6 ck. K-,,Kt2 I I . R--KR6 PR6 12. P-35 (12. KKf I RKBS) R-B4 15 K-RZ 13. P,,,,,,,86 ck. K,,,-KIl 14. P-Kt6 P x P 15. R x P ch. K-HZ 16. R,,,,,,,,,Kt7 IF 15 R-R8 (15 ... KKZ ~ h .16. ch. K-BI 17. R-K3 R-B2 ch. 18. KKt6 RR8 17. PB6 ch ) 16. P--86 ch. K-R2 17. R-KBB R-R2 ~ h . 18. K-Kt1 P-R7 ch. 19. K-KI R-K7, K-Kt3 (18.. RKt2 19. 7 . R--Kt#, as i n the game, is correct. K-8 KR8) J 9. R-Kt8 ch. K -- R2 20, R7 R-QR6? Kt7 ~ h K-RI . 21. P-Kt5 P x P 8 R-Kt7 K-,,,,,,,~ t l 22% K --K8 R -It4 23. R x KtP R- R2 2.1. P-K6. 16 K-Q7 K-R2 ch. 17 K - 4 5 K - Kt2 li Bhck continues chcking White plays his king to KB6.
... ...
.
...
Black to play
18 R-Q8 See nntc to White's fifth a w e . If now 18 ... RR3 ch. 19. KK7 RR2 ch. 20. RQ7. 18 ... R-R4 19 P-BS ~ h . K-RZ 20 R-KES R-R2
21 K-B6 K-Kt3 RK4 6. R x P KKt3) 3,.. R-K3 4. 22 R-Kt8 ch. K-R2 , RxR (4. RR7 PPR3) 4... P x R 5. 23 R-Kt7 ch. K.-Rl I K k4 K-Kt3 6. P-133 P-R3 2.1 K--Kt6 ' 7. P-l.34 U4 -K4. White's king now outwits BIack's 3 R-R6 R-R6 R-R8 4 K-Kt3 rook. Not at once 3.PK6? h a u s e of 5 P-,K4 RR3 ch. 25. KQ7 R x P 26. R x P RR3 with a draw. If I. R x P KKtI. 24 ... R-42 R-Kt8 ~ h . S ... 25 K-,B5 R-B2 ~h. 6 K-134 R-,,KR8 26 K--Q6 R-,,,R2 7 P-KS P-R5 ? 27 P-K6 R-R3 ch. Perhap this move is the decisive error, 28 K.-,.K7 RxPch. for i t frees the square. KKt4 for WRitc's 29 K x P R-,,,.KS k i a , and thc* advaned RP is d o o m ~ d . 30 P-Kt5 PxF Instead, Black should simpiy mark 31 K,,-Kt6. time by 7... RR7 8. PB3 RRS 9.RBS Black resigns, for if 31 ... R--QR5 RR7 10. PI34 RR8, and if I I. RQB6 (31 ...RK3 32. RR7) 32. R-R7 ch. RK8. R-Kt1 33. P,--,,B7~ h K--RI . 34. 8 K-Kt4 -Ft-RB - - - - ch. - . i In masterly fashion Gliznric- now demonstrates -the win. First he elimin286 OligoiiC v. Euwo,Z ~ r i c h 1953. , ates Ihe advanced KRP. The ending 4 pawns v. 3 pAwns should R-Kt8 ch, 8 .. also be drawn under normal circum4 K-X35 s t a m : but B1tlck7sIcing m s t cover a , front fdvr files wide, notjvays an easy The pawn ending is drawn after 9. - - 11. task. , K x P? RR8 ch. 10. KKt4 -" Rx R P x R c R . K x P 12.KR5KRt2 13.PB3 1 P-Kt5 PR3 14. PI34PR4 1 5. KK tS PB3 ch. Instmd of the text-mow White might K-KR8 9 -have played 1. KfCt3, with the idea of [ P-R6 10 P,,,-W foliowine with PB3. PK4. and KW: 3 ~ k c kC & I ~ answer' this by I.. P x P If lo.,. KRtl 11. KB5 White has 2. R x B PR3 foIIowed by ...PB3, draw- rnatiog thmats, 11... PR6 12. P35 PR7 ing as nated in the prwdingexamplc. 13. RR4. 1 ... PXP Black must prewnl White'
I
-
I
q-
+
-
.
PKR3. 2
...
R--Kt6 After this Black has a difficult, maybe 1 lost, @me. Instead he should pursue the policy of sirnpiification by 2... R-K2 (2...RKtS 3. P83) 3. K-Kt3 (3. RRG
15 R-KBG A tempo-move which farces Black's king to KKil. 15 R-R8 If IS.,.KKtl 16. KKt3 KKt2 17. KKt4 KKtl 18. RKR6, as in the text.
...
III ROOK ENDINGS
1
8 MORE PAWNS: MATERIAL ADVANTAGE
K-Kt7 24. K-R5 R--Kt6 25, R-QRG
K--81 (if 26... KKtl While's king later plays to KT) 27, P-B5, and after the checking series 27,., R - R ~ c ~ .28. K-Kt4 R-Kt8ch. 29, g-&I R-B8 ch. 30. K-K4 R-K$ ch. 31. KQ5 RQ8 ch. 32. K-36 R-Kt8
26. R-87
ch. 33. K-.-Ql K 4 8 ch. White takes cover by 34. K-B8, and K-338
if 34 ... R-44 35. P-B6, when the mating tfueats dncide, 35... K x P 36. KQ7 RQ4 ch. 37. K36 KQ1 38. RQ7 RR1 39. KKt7 RK1 40. KB7, forcing off the rooks and winning the pawn White to pItty ending. 24 K-Kt4 R-Kt8 ch. 25 K-BS R-KBB If Mack chmks on the ranks, White covers with his rook, e . ~25.. . . R--QRB Now the pdwncnding is last after 18.. . 26. R-B6 R-R5 27. R-B7 K-BI R-Kt8 ch. 19. K X P R,,,-K8 ~ h . 20. 28. K-Kt4 R-R4 (for 28,.. RR8 29. K-Kt4 R x R 21. P x R , although PI35 set. above note) 29. R-BJ R-R6 White must play carcki'ufly afieer 21... ch. 30. K-K4 R-R5 ch, 31. K-K3 P-B3 22. P X P (either 22. KB5? P x P, R-R6 ch. 32. K--Q4 R-R5 ~ h .33. or 22. PK61 KBI 23. PB5 draw) 22... R-M, and ncxt advances his KBP, 33. .. R--R8 34. P--,-B5 R-,,,,,.KICt8 K-3 l 23. K-BS K-B2 24, K-K5 35. K - 4 5 R x P 36. P-36, and again K-K1 25. K-K6 K,&BI 26. K--Q7 K-I32 27. K--Q8 K-Bl 28. P-,,,,B7 the mating thrcats are dwisivc; 36... K x P 29. K - Q f , and M i t e h a the KKl 37. KQ6 KQf 38. RQR4 RBI 39. RR8 A.KKt2 40. RKBg. horizontal uppmitiolr, Examplc 69. 26 R--B6 K-B1 19 K-Kt3 R-,,,-KtRch. 27 R-R8 ch. 20 K x P R-Kt 5 21 R-KM K-Kt2 Black's rook is iddally p l a d , for 22 PC-R3 R-Kt8 White can neither advam his king 23 K-R4 R,,-R8 ch. (27. KRS W x P ch.), nor advunm his White now has the folfowingwinning KBP b u s e of the checks on the files plan: he plays his rook to 47 or QB7 (27. RRt4 RKt8 ch.1. thwatening to win the pinned KBP by 27 .., R-Kt2 PK6, and Black must either usehis rook 28 R-Q8 to pmvent PM6,or retreat his ki% to the This tcrnpo-move forces Black's rook first rank; then White plays WS which lo move from its h s t square (KBI). renew the threat of PKh, and also 28 ... R-B7 threatens PB6, with the possibility of mate on the back rank. If 28. RQRl 29. RQ7 KR I. 30.K M White's probfm is rhac he must avoid RR3 ch. 31. RQ6 RRI. 32.PI35 threatboth perpetual. chock, and the loss of his ening 33. PK6. advanced pawns, after fie has playcd If 28,.. RQRX 29. RQ7 RR3 30. WS. KKt4 RI3 1. 3 1. P135. If BIack chwlcs on the files White's Finally if 28 ... PR3(4) 29. P x f ch. king shelters at QB8 or Q8, c.g. 23 ... R x P 30. RKKt%KR2 31. RKKt.4
.
mtting off White's king from the KBP, which soon fafls. R-I36 29 R--QI After this the checking distance on the files i s tw short, but if 29 RQRS 30. RQ7, tic. R J37 30 K-K4 31 K-K3 R--QW
...
...
32 &-I35 At last White makes this decisive advance. 32 R-KKt7 If 32... RR6 ch. 33. KK4 RK5 ch.
...
34. RQ4.
33 R-427 RxP If 33... KB1 34. PB6, wiih mating threats wMcR drive out Black's king, W... KK1 35. RK7 ch. U I 36.RR7 K K I 37. RE38 ch. KQ2 38. RB8 KK3 39. RK8 ch. a 4 rKf. PK6. R-Kt8 34 K-34 35 P--K6 R-B8 &. 36 K-K5 R-KS ch. 37 K-Q6 P-R4 38 RxPcR. K-K t l 39 K-KT. Black rcsigns.
287 miviMitv.
...
Najw
mw, 19Sh, White wins because he can force a KP because of &e hole at KKt6. 1 R-RS
2 R--QS 3 P-KS
R--I32 R--R2
PXP
The game continued 6 . . P x P 7. ch. K-Kt1 R..-.Q7 ch. K-B I 8. 9. K-Kt6 Qlack's doubied pawn protects White's king from chcxks) 9... P-Kt5 $0. P-RB P x P (if ID... PKt6 11. PR7 ch. KRI 12. RBI matc, or if IO.,. RRI 31. P x P PKth 12. PK7 PKt7 and Whita mates in 2 ) 11. P-K7 K-RI (now if I 1 RR3 ch. White interpss the rook) 12. R-36, and Black resignad, for if 1 2 . . RK1 13. RQ6 ihatcning RQ8. 7 R-KS Whiie pIays the rook behind thc passed pawn. He does not relieve the tension by exchangingpawns, for Black's KKtP may yet prove a vulnerable target. Batwinnik's intended exchange, 7. P X P? P xP, folfowed by guarding the pawn from the sidc, 8. R-Kt 5 R-B2 8. R.--Kt6, draws as shown in a fine anaiysis by Kopaiev, 9... R-,B4 ch. 10. K-Kt6 R-K4 (White must ke for& to d c the KP as soon as possible, if 10 RKt4 ch.? I I . K X P RKiI 12. I(R7 R R 7 13. PR6, etc.) 1I. K x P K-B3 12. R-R6 it--K84, holding thc K R P under attack, 13. K--RI K x P 14. K--Kt6 rZ-,B3 ch. 15. K--Kt7 R-B2 ch. 16. K-Kt8 R-KQ 17. R KRI, White peuene Bkack's playing his king to the KB file, I7 K---Kg 18. P-R6 R-KKL4 ch. and White must try 19. K-B8 for he draws if his king blocks the RP, 19.. IT-KR4 20. R-QKI. the mwn can
...
.
1
--
otherwive be wotect& only bi blocking
4 PxP K-K2 White was threatening 5. RQf ch. R x R 6. PK6 ch, with a won pawn ending. 5 P-K6 R-R5 If 5... RR3 6. RQ7ch. KBl f.KKt6 X P ch. 8. RR7, when BlackIws both
pawns. 6 P-Kt5 Not 6. RQ7 ch. KB1 7. PK15? m4 ch. I 6 ... R-R2
White to pkiy
ROOK ENDIKGS 11 ... R-I22 &em excellent drawing 290 Rromtcin XI1
Bohlavsky~7th chances, 12. P-R6 (if 12. KKt5 RKQ match game, 1950. Black 10% -use ch, 13. KR6 RKtS-White's king wants his king is badly placed. Black's rook i s to support his QRP but not to block it) in cumequem forced into a passive 12... K-33 13.K--44 (13.RR3PR6 ~ok,sfoppingtheQRP;whilst Witcis 14. R x P R x P 15. RR6 KQZ 16. RR7 rook bccomcs cxtwmely xtive. ~ h KKl . 17. KQS RK4 ch. 18. K x P I p-w R--QR2 RK4) 1J ., . P-R6 14. R-R3 P,,,-R7 ! 1 5 . ~ - , ~ 1 I~~ 4. K2- - Q s ~ - R ~ - Q Xftherookattempbaggasiveaction, X7. R x Q, and the rook capturn the --.K--K2 2 R 4 3 R-K8 ( 2 . . ,RKS pawn when it is on the sixh rank, 17... 3. Rw), the result is even mare cabmiR p, and if 18. R-R7 cb, K-KI 'OUS, 3. R - 4 8~ hK-Kt2 . 4. R,-Q7 ch. 19- K-,,-K6 I?,,-Q4 ch. K-BI 5. P-R6 R 4 R 8 G. P,--R7, tkreatening KQR ch., ard ir 6... K-Kl I2 P-R6 K,--Bj 7. R-R7, threatening 8. PR8 =Q and 13 P-R7 P-R6 9. RR8 ch. v.
I
Afttr 13...K-Kt2 14. R-R2 R x P 15. R x P K-I33 16. R-R6 Black's king cannot get back ack.usa of the skewer check ($6.- KQ2 17. RR7 ch.), whilst Black's rook is driven on the dtfensive aRer 16. R-K82 17. R-R6 R-K2 18. K--Q4 R-KB:! 19. RKKtS, and he is slowly stifled.
..
White to play
.
after 1'1.. P-K8- .Q (1 'I.. KK2 . 18. KBQ I8. R x Q R x P 19. R-R7 ch.
2 K-,-,,Kt4 3 R.-,QR3
K-KtZ R-,-KJ mite was threatening PR6 followed by KRS and KKt6. 4
22 23 24 25
K-K3 K-34 R-R7
RxP 26 R,-K6 27 P-36 28 K-RS 29 K-K7 ch.
30 K-X6. Black resigns.
a43
White now has the oren files all to
himself. 4
... K-82 If4 ...RRI 5. RQ7ch.KKtl 6.RQ6. 5 R-46 R-Kt2 6 R - 4 7~ h . K-Kt1
R-R6 ~ h . R-R8 K-B4 RxP
7 K-R4
R-R8 K-33
9 R-Kt4 10 R x P 11 It--B6 ch.
K-K2 K ,,,,,,,,~3 K-w
12 K-K14. Rlack resigns.
291 Smyslov v. Goldenov, U.S.S.R. Championship, 1952. A wing majority is not in itself a winning advantage. White's rook is less aggrmsiw than it w m s , for Black's king wit1 not be senfind to the back rank; whilst Black's m k is not badly placed. for it controls tbe qumn's fib,Euiting off White's king from his majority. 1 K-BI P-R4 2 K-K2 P-K4 3 P-QR4 K - -RZ
White to pfay
7 ... KxP Not 7...P x P ? 8. RK7, and tReKP
falls. 8 P-R5 The race is started, but Black a n now make a p a d pawn which is as danger-
4 P--QKt4 K--Kt3 5 P KR4 If Whitc maka a pasxd pawn, 5. P-R5 P x P 6. P x P,he annot get his rook behind it, and after 6...R-R3 {not 6...RQS? 7. PR6 RRS 8. PR7 and with #e paw already on the seventh White
The skewer check again foils Black
A f t ~ r 2.1 ... fQ4 the breakthrough sicrificc wins, 22. PK5 RRS ch. 23. KR3 P XP 24. PB6,
9 MOW PAWNS: WSXTXONAL ADVANTAGE g... RRI 9. RRt6 RBI 10. PR6 KB2 11. KR5 PI35 12. PR7 RQRI 13. KR5,
A subtle clearance of the QRt f i t t
7 ... K-It1 8 R-+Kt7 P-B9 This unfortunate pawn falls at the fist fmm, and them is no race, but if
202
ous as Whitc's, 8
...
PxP K--VS R -R5 11 P-R7 P-K5 Not at once I 1 ...PRS? 12. PxPch, K x P $3. RKt4 ch. 12 R-K7 K-B$ 12... PR4 inay Iw playcd a l on=. 13 K--Q2 White can make progress only by moving his king to the queen's side, 13 ... K-Ki4 14 K-B3 P-B4 I5 K-Kt3 R-R8 16 K 3 4 P R5 17 PxPch. KxP 18 R-KKt7 K-R4 9 PxP 10 P-R6
is aheltcf, 8... K R 3 8. KQ3 PKt4 10. KB3 PI34 11, KRrJ RR8 12. KW) 7, R-KtS K-M, Black's counterattack is in full swing.It wouId be better for Whik if his KKlP were at RtZ. With thc tcxt-move White delays the start of the pawn race, perhaps hoping for 5... KB4? 5. RxKKCP RQ5 6, PKt4 ch. forcing a passed KRP; but the advance of Whitc's KRP furtherwmkcns the king's side. 5 ... R- R3 6 K-- K 3 White is still trying to fix points of ' attack on the king's side, but this dms not prove practicable. The altcrnarive i s 6. P-R5 Px P , 7. P x P R-R3 8.R-KIS. 6 ... P-Kt4
7 PxPch. If 7. PRS P x QRP 8. Px RP P x RP 9.R K t 6 R x R $0.P x R PK6.
/
:
1
make a pas& pawn by 18.,. PB5 19. KQ4 RR5 ch. 20. KR5 PK6 21. P x P P x P, and if 22. RK7 PK7 23. K K t 6 RKt5 ch. 24. KR5 RKt?. 19 K-Kt5 K-R 3 ? The decisive error. 19. . W 5 20. RK?
PK6 2 1 . P x P P x P 22.IIKfiRKtSch. 23. KB7 RQRR 24. KKtH RKt8 ch. draws.
203
U1 HOOK ENnXNGS
3 P--QR4 P-K4 4 P--Kt5 R-41 If 4.. R--Q2 (preventing 5. KB7) 5. P-RS R-,-KC, and egiiin White places his rook behind the pawns, 6. R,-Kt4. 5 R--U7
I?-R3
6 PxP 7 P-R7
R-45
RxP
White to play
Black has defended so that White's rook i s on the side of the pawn, which i s however already on the seventh. In the event Black l o w W u s e his counterathck is tco slow, 8 K--43 White's king begins its clistomary trek, to support his passed pawn. 8 ... P-I34 9 K.-53 K-BJ 10 K--3 R-R8 11 K K t 4
K-Kt4
Black's king must kwp off the own ranks, if I1 ... KK3 12. KKt5 KQ3 13. RB6ch. KQ4 14. KRB, whcb FolIows 14... RKt8 ch. 15. KRS KB4 16. RB6 ch. RQ4 17. RR8, or heft: 16.. KQS 17. KR6. 12 K-Kt5 K-R4 Here too if 12. .. KKt5 13. R34 ch. and 14. RQR4. 13. K-,-Kt6. Black raignu. The restjlt in most of these examplw
9 MORE PAWNS : POSI'TIONa ADVANTAGE
with pawn majaritia generally depends on whc~herthe player with the outside majority, hcm White, can get his king over to help his passed pawn befort his opponent can dewlop dangerous
counterplay on the atbcr wing.
295 Avcrbach v. Stahlkrg, Saltsjobaden, 1952. When rival groups of passed pawns a X d y exist a htxtic race ensues. The udvaniagc tends to lie with the player having th: outside majority, hcrt:White, h a u s e his king can obstruct Black's prvnu. On Ihp: other hand, Black's united passed pawns may msist in weaving a mating net for Whie's king. A parallel cam with knights is Example 165. 1 +*+ R-Q2 The rook m k s active play; anything else l o w miserably. 2 RxTCP? Whit* expects to win quickly, underestimating Black's resource9. Xnsted he should play 2, Ii x BP, a$ once bringing h i s rook icw play, 2. .. R-QG ch. (2.,. RQ7 3. PRS R x P 4. RH7 cl~.KR3 5. FCBT) 3. K-Kt4 P-66 4. K x P P-R7 5. R x P ch. K...-R2 6.R-KB6. 2 ..+ R--QS cR. 3 8-K2 Already White has no more than a draw. If 3. K-Kt4 (3. KB2 RQ7 ch. 4. KKtl RQ8 ch. 5. KB2) 3 . . . P-B6 4. K.--Kt3 P-,-Kt5 5. R K P ( 5 . PR3 PB7ch. 6.K x B P P x P 7. RxPPKt4 8. RB7ch. KRJ 9. RBI U t 2 10. RB7 ch.) 5... R-47 6. K x P (not 6. PK5? RKt7 ch. 7. KR4 PR7 fl. RBG KRJ 9. PR3 PU8,,,--Q10. R xQ PK14 mat?) 6... P-137 7. R ~ ~ ~ch.~ K-Kt1 ~ ~ ~ ~ B 8. 7 Xi--I38 ch, with perpetual check. 3 ... R-KR6 4 P-Kt5
RxPch.
5 K-43
R-R6 ch.
6 K--Q4 While is stiIl trying to win, else he would ;akc the draw by 6.KK2 RW ch. 7. KQJ.
Black to piay 6 ... P-Kt5 7 R------R7cb.? Driuifig Hack's king to a better psition. After 7. P x P P-Kt6 8. P-137 R-RX (8... PKt7 9. PBI,, Q) 9, R-Kt6 R--QBI 10. P--RG P-Kt7 f 1.8-Ktl R X P While's king k able to btuck rhe C W ~ pawns, Y 12. P-KS (12. RQRI? RQ2 ck.) 12 ... P--Kt4 J 3. R-Kt1 P-RS 14. K-K3 P-Kt5 15. K-J32, and if 15 ...R x P Ih. RQRI. 7 ... K-B3 8 P-K5 ch. After thin Rlack's king wppnrts his
own pawns; hut if 8. P x P P-Kt6 9. P-B7 R-RI 10. R-Kt1 R --QHf 1I. P--R6 P-Kt7 12. R-Kt1 R x P White's king cannot get back iin time, for i f 13. PK5 ch. KIN, or if 13. RKtl 8 4 2 ch., whilst if 13. KQ3 KKi4 14. RKtl PBh 1% KK3 KKt5 16. RB2 R x P 17. RQRI RH7 ch. 18. KKtl KKt6, with threats of maw. 8 +,K-R:4 9 PxP P--Kt6 10 P-B7 R-RI 11 R-Kt7 P-Kt7 12 R--Kt1 K-KS 13 P-R6 P-36 14 Iz--K'!
IS F-R8
16 R-Kt8
296 Najdorf v. Bromtcin, Budapst, 1950. Black has three advantag-: White-5 advanced gawm arc weak; Black's rook, aggressively poised, can attack them ;after breaking up the centre BIack wins because of his outside passed pawn. 1 .., R-47 2 P--QG ch. K --K3 3 XZ-434 If 3. RBBch. K x P 4. R x B P R x P . 3 ,.. R--Q4 Not, uf course, 3... K x P ? 4. R x P cl~.K x P when the pawns are r d u d LV nnc side of the h a r d . 4 R.- -K4 P-43 5 PxPch. KxBP 6 P-Kt4 Naturally Wbito trim to exchange off as maey pawn$ wi hhe can.
6 ... KxY 7 PxP PxP 8 R--QB$ R-44 'Chc ending is won b u s e BlacVs pawns, both guarded by his rook, cannot l x effwtivety attzkcd, whilst White's rook must soon a w p t a dcfmive role. 9 K-K2
K-K3
The standard prdure--Bl;~cVsking supporn his pas& pawn. 10 K--K3 K--Q3 X l R-QR4 K-B3 12 R-R1
P-B7 Q
RxQ
RxR 17 PxR=Q P-B8-Q White migns, for Utack gets another 4Wn after 18, QB8 ch. KKt5.
Black to play
9 MORE PAWNS: POSXTXONAL ADVANTAGE
...
Jf 12. XK4 RQ8, threatening 33 KKt4 and 14.. RQ5 ch. 12 . . . R--45 13 R-RX As so often happens, the wzaker party is forced to accept the defensive rook position, 1 3 ... K-,-Q4 14 K-K2 P-35 15 K-K3 K-I34 16 R--R2 P-I36 17 R--R2 Cleady White must free his rook, else Bfilck's 13P cannot be stopae8. " I7 . . . RxP I8 R-R8 R.--R6 ch. 19 K-K2 K-BS 20 K-.Qi R-K8 ~ h . 21 K-32 R--R7 ~ h . 22 K-B1 P-R5 2 3 R-138 t'h. K-45 24 R-Q8 ~ h . K-K5 25 R--K# ~ h . If 25. RUB8 RR8 ch. 26. KB2 PR6 27. R x P PR7 28. RKRJ RR8 followed by thE! f;lrniliar skewcr check. 25 ... K-B6 K-Kt6 ?A R-I38 ch. 27 R-B8 R-U37. White want& to be shown, and rmigned aftcr 28. R x P ch. KKt7 28. KQ1 PR5 30. RRX PR7 31. KKt8 ch. KU8 32. RKRB KKr8 33. KKI RKKt7.
What makes some of the pawns weaker than olhcrs is the position of rhe pi-; and Black's pdwrts arc wakcr W u s e , and only beau%, White's rook is n ~ s ~ i v c 1placed. y RwiprmUy, Black's rook is defensively placed hecause it must mxd his 'weak' pawns. 1 R--KR8 K-Kt4 Not I... PKi4? 2. RR6cb. 2K-44 Sooner or Iatcr White can win Black's KRP, as hc could hcre, by 2. PB4 cch. KKU 3. R x P; but as matters stand BPack ~eplies 3.
..
PKt4 with activc
counterplay. Whitc's strategy here, and in a11 such posit:ons, is to maintain and increase the pressure, and to curb or prcvcnt attempts by Black ro get f d o m fw his
rook, 2
...
B-B4
Ahosr the only hope of freedom for Blit~k'srook is to ptay to QR4 with
Now S... R x R ch. kads to a bst pawn ending.
13. 3 3 3 ; he then threatens RQR8 forcing the Black QRP to advan@, and f01lows this by a rmntralization of his rook and Iring. 5... RQ3 7. R x R P x R also low; 13 PxPch. and if S... KK3 6.RQ4. Not 13. RKt8 ch.? KM 14. RB8 ch. RB3 15. PK4 ck. KK4 16. R x R, for the pawn ending is drawn. I 3 ... KxP This move anticipates the 'Ellack. 14 R x P K-J36 counterthreats of P-Kt4 and R 4 B 4 15 R-KR7 K-K5 -QR4.
9 ... K--B3 If 9.. . R-34 10. R-Q8 K-33 1I. R-KR8 K-Kt4 12. R--QRI, a maneuvrc which, by inducing Black to advan& the QRP deprives him of wuntwolav on this wine. f 2. .. PR4 ch. 13. KLRJ' R-333 ~~T'R--QB#,and White w i a a pawn, 1 4 . . KKr3 15. RKR8 KHCt4 16.RR7 EB4 18. PB4 ch. KKt3 19. RxRP, or 14... XR4 15. RKt8 ch. KT33 16. RKR8 KKt4 17. PB4 ch.
attack on White's QKP3 R-,-It7
-an$
White therefore holds Black's
rook to the defence of his QBP. If 3. P334ch. KKj3 4. R x P R R 4 , and Black's
rook becomes active, 5. RR8 R x P 6.RQ338 PB$ ch. 7.KQ5 RR6. 3 K-Kt3? &&ably the decisive error. lastcad he should play 3... R-B3 4. R-Q7 (4. PB4 ch. KKt3 5. R x RP 297 Botvinnik v. Smyslov, 14th RB4 6,RR8 RR4, or 6.KB3 PKt4, with match gram, 1958. The pawn majorities, counterplay) 4. .. K-33 5. R--Q5 which arc under restraint, do not play a K-KJ 6. K-B3 (threatening 7. RQ4) significant part White has same but not 6..R-43.At this particular moment a winning advantage. His rookcanattack Black could offer an exchange of took5 Black's pawns, notably the KRP, which b u s t : he could draw the p a w ending; may be atfacked on the file from KR8, and if m i t e avoided this exchange, or on Ihc rank from 44. Black's rook would get active play. The position of the d i a r a m shows the 4 R--Q7 K B3 following points of attack: Black's 5 R--QS pawns at KRS and KIM bsdated), at For the time k i n g White's rook p* QB2 (bast: of chin), and at QR3 (ernporary); White's pams at QR4, QB4, vents lBlac!Cs playing tither P-Kt4 07 R-W-QR4. and KR3 (isolated), and at KT32 @asc S ... R--B3 af chin).
16 R-R6 P-Kt4 After 15 KKt7 17.RxKtP.tPxRP 18. R u P White may, in due course, give up his rook for BBlacYs K W ,and win as Erampte 211. 17 P x P ? Pawn exchanges are imminent, and the rwllt depends on the kind of basic ending which comes about. It is a matter of knowledge rather than judgment. It so happans White wins by 17. R x QRP PxBP (17 ... P x R P 18. R x P K x P 1'3. RR3) 18. R-QB6 I?-% ~ h .19. K-Kt3 R x P 20. R x P , e.g. 20... Rk't"f21. PR5 RK4 22,KKt4 RKS ch. 23. KBS RK4 cb. 24. ICXt6 RKJ ch. 25. KB7 RK4 26. RR3, placingthe rook bchind thc pawn, 26. RR4 27. PR6 RR2 ch. 28. RQ6 RR3 ch. 29. KK5 RRi 30.PR7 RR1 31. KC$ RK7 32. KB6 R x P 33. R x R KxP, and now thc rook confines Black's king, a method possibt? only against a RP (compare Example 202), %. RKKt7 KR7 35. KQS PR6 36. KK4 KR8 37. K B J PR7, and Whik carr wi~rby 38. KKt3, or matc in 2 by 38. RQR7.
...
..
.+.
When both players have weak pawns, it is often possibk for the dflendder to iwrificeapawn so as ro get hisrook Inm phy, when hc m y exploit his oppomnt's w€daaMs. Here t h i s plan is insacient, although it oRm practiat chanw. T h e alterriathe is 12...BK2, to which White fepliev
17 ... PxP 18 R-I36 ch. This drives Black's king whcm it wants lo go, but is White's best chance, for t 8. K x P K x P draws fairly quickly. 18 ... K-Kt7 19 K x P R-K7 7 BIack advances his rook and threatens checks on the film. We aiso hopes to bring pressure an the KBP, but ta fact
TIT
9 MORE PAWNS: POSmONAL ADVANTAGE
ROOK ENDIYFS
that very pawn obstructs the rook from carrying out an interesting drawing rnanauvre. 19... B-,,K8 is concct, 20. P-BS K x P 21 R-B4R-Kr8ch. 22.K-Rti (22. RKt4 R x R ch. 23. K X R KKt7 24. PBS K x P) 22.. . 11,L.RS ch. 23. K-Kt6 R-Kt8 ch. 24. K-B7 R,,,,,,,.KRS.nrotectine the KRP. and frrcing th;dnr,rflsrhich theadianced KRP ensures thc draw. 20 P-H5 R-Kt7 clr, Now if20. ..K x P 21. RR4 RKt7 ch. 22. KK4 RR? ch. 23. KKt7 RRt7 ch.
1
6 .. .
P-'DA 7 R-43 If White attempts munterpkay by 7. RK2 PQRS 8. P x P R x P 9.RK?, Utack ptays 9.. RE6 ch. 7 P,-QR5 8 PxP RxP 4 P-QK3 Now Wliiie has two wsak pawns instead d one.
...
/
.
24. KB7 RK18, and Black has lost a decisive tc~npo,25. PB6 RKR8 26. KQ5, and White wins.
21 K-,-R6 22 K-Kt7
298 Chekove* v. Budo, U.S.S.R. Championship, TiRis, 3937. A case of the aggressive rook and the wmk pawn. Black consistenlly strives to win the isolated QP. I ... R-Kt5 K K2 3 R-K3 K-43 4 P-I34 K-B4 5 K 433 P- K K 4 6 P.--KiJ This dves Black a new point of attack, which ha immediately expioits. The alternative iu 6. P-KR3 when Black phys 6,..P-KKt4, attempting io free the square K4, SO that he may attack thc QP with his king, and if 7. PxP KxP, or if 7. PKt4 ch. P x P ch. 8. P x P ch. KB3 9. PB5 RB5 ch. 10. KKtJ RQS,
...
K-K2
299 Kotov v. Pacfiman, Venice, 1950. Whitc's isolated pawn at QBS wms to be in much the samc pwdicamcnt as the White pawn ar Q5 in the preceding exarnpIe; but the positions of the rmks slier the sitrration entirely, and i t is White's activc rook that decides mattcrs.
R,,,,-RG
It-RS ~ h . 9 K--B4 10 K -K5 R-Kh Dlack must find play for his rook, or be crushed. Xf f O ... R R 3 1 1 . RK6cll. KQZ 12. KE6.
RxPch.
11 KxBP 12 K x P
R - 4 6 ch. X i 12... R x P $ 3 . RB7 ch. KKI 14. R xP RBB ch. IS. KR6, threatening mate, 15 KQI 16. KQ5 KKBI 17.
...
PB6. 13 K-K4
White next forms an entry for his
WxR. 24. -P-R6 -. 25 P-37
U i a ~ kresigns,
f
8 P-33
R,,--Kt7ch. R-H7
K x RP K- -KL7 If25 ... KKt5 26. PBS- Q c&. R X Q 27. K x R KB6 28. RKK6. 26 P-,B4.
5 ... PXP 6 PxP K-R2 7 K-Kt3 Wnite advanms with caution, for if 7. K M RRS ch. 8. K U ? RK5 mate.
Errurnpie 264.
R-R7 ch.
23 R-Kt6 Xf 2 3 . , . R x P 24. RKt3 RB6 25.
2 R 4 2
22.. . KQ5 is also g d . 23 P-R5 R-R6 24 P-RS P-B3. An anusing touch. After 25. R x P R x Q R P 26. RB8 RR6 27. RKRX KQ5 28. PRY RR7 ch. Black wins us
BIack to play
9 ... I0 P X P 11 K--K2 12 K ,,,,.,,,Q2
P-,-K t4 KxP K-B4
If 12. RB3 ch. KK5 13. K x P K x 1' --Black is always ahead. 12... K-HE5 11 K,,-B2 P-BS 14 R - 4 B 3 KxP I: R-R3 K,--B3 16 K-KIZ R-R2 I7 R - El5 P-'-Y4 18 R x R P White has avoided loss of material, but Black's w ~ i t dpass4 pawns win easily. 18 R-Kt2 ch. 19 K-,,,,BZ R--Kt6 20 R-,-Rhth. K-"-34 21 R-R6 If 21. RRB6 R x R P 22. R x P RR7 ch. 21 R-KB6 72 P,,,,.,,.KR4 RxKP
king. Black ctuld not prevent this far if 3... KK4 4. RK8 mate! And if 3... RQB2 4. RQ6 ch. KK4 5. RK2
PKt4 (White was again thrcakning matc) 6 P x P P x P 7. KQ3 R131 8. RQ7 PR3 9. RQh, winning a pawn.
R-BI ch.
K-1 BIxk also low the kkg's side pnwns after 15...KKJ. 16 R x P RxP 17 R-KR7. Black resigns, for if 17 ... RB3 18. R B 6 R x R 19. P x R KK1 20. KQ5 21. KKS KBI
22. KK5 KKI
23. PB7 ch. KBI 24. K B G PKt4 25. KXP.
300 Lyskav v. Selesniev, Moscow, f 956, Another case where Black can assume the aggressive rook position beca.~seWhite must dcfmd his weak QP with a rook. I R--w R--@ P-I54 ch. 2 It---QS 3 K-K3 R-Q7 4 R-QRI w ' h i t ~cannot avoid losing a pawn, but the ending three pawns against two pawns on the same side of {he hoard IS usrrally drawn. In the went Black has winning chances because he can exchange his KtP for While's KBP, thus
...
...
IS R-R7
KB2
Mot only frming KS for his king, but fixing Black's KRP as a backward pawn. The emlion of more points of attack is of course thc p~ro$ativc of the playcr with the. initiative--and is in fact an important part of the winning method.
R -36
14 P--B4
getting a passed centrc pawn (compare
Black to play
1 Examplw 285 to 287). 21 1
11 is better to leave Black with diu-
connoctd pawns, 4. P-Kt4 (not 4. KR4? when he is makd in 2; whilst if 4. RQ7 KRI) 4.. R--06 ch. 5. R-R4 R-KB6 6. P x P R x P ~ h .7. K--Kt3 R x P 8. P - 4 6 B-K3 9. K-Kt4 R-44 10. P-Kt4 ch. I f K-Kt4, and B l x k m o t make progrcss, c.g. 11 .,. KKtZ 12, KR5, or I1 RQR4 13. KQKt8 thmtening PQ7, or I1 ... KKt3 12. RKt8 ch. 4 RxP 5 12-R6 E-QS
.
...
...
6 R-,-K6 White ctlnnot prevent the impending exchange. If 6. KR4? RQ8 7. KKt5 RKKtL 8. RRJ RRRI, thcatcning mate, and winning both pawns aftcr 8.PK14 RKKtB
the passed pawn with his king, and guard the KtP with his rook. After 16. RBZ PK5 17. RKt8 ch. Biack cannot successfully attack the Kip, neithercan his king enter on the king's side. 16
. ..
P-KS
17 R-KRR?
This should low. I?. RKt8 ch. is COrFefi, 17.. K-B3 18. K--,,B2K-K4 14. K-K2 k-R7 ch. 20. K-K3 K-KK!7 21. R-R8 ch. (21. RKtS? R x P ch.) 21 K--Q4 ZZ.'R--KK~~. 17 R-R7 ch. 18 K-R3 If 18. KHl KKt5. 18 p,,,,,,,,,KG
.
...
9 MOW PAWNS: POSITIONAL ADVANTAGE 301 Smyslov v, Keres, raningrad, Black has won a pawn without appre1941. White's weak QP, and vulnarabte ciably freeing White's rook-which is as KRP and QKtP arc his undoing. Necd- it should be, bss to say Black has, or 50031will have, 13 . . . R-R6 the aggasive rook position. 1 R--QKt4 This fixes Black's rook on the second rank, where it potters a b u t for the rest of the game.
...
19 P-Kt4
White ingeniously brcaks up Black's pawns. If 19. R-KI P,,,,-K7 20. R-K3 White gets into zubzwang, 20,.: 8 - B 3 21. R--KS R--Kt7, for if 22. RK3 PBS 21. P X P RKtri, nr if 112. KR4 PKS=Q 23. R x Q RR7 mate. 19 .. P x P ch.? This draws because White's king blocks the KKtP, and Black's king cannot assist the KP. Instead Black wins by 19,.. KBS steating through to the wid of his KP, (19... PBS? 20. RB5 ch.) 3.O.xPck. K-K5 21. R-B8 (21. KKt3 RR8, or 21. RBI PK7 22. RK1 KB6 23. IUt4 KB7) 21 ... P-K7 22. R-KS ch. (22. PKtS RR4 threatening RK4) 22.. K-B6 23. R-B8 ch. (23. PKf5 RR5) 23 24. R,-K8 cR. K-B7 25. R-38 ch. K-IKtS 26. R-K8 R-R6 ch. 27. K-R4 K--I37 28.
9 K--433 10 R--QR6 1 I K-Kt6
R.,,,,,,.~ t s P-K3 R-+RS 3 P--K4 K-Kt4
12 R-,,,.Kt3 13 R--K3 14 R-Kt3 IS R-Kt8 Now that the pawns are advancing, White mows his rook to the rmr for checks on the files. 15 R-R6 ch. 16 K-Kt2 The wrong plan. White should Mmk
...
RxPcb. K x K . 20 K,-,-Kt3 21 II---K8
22 R-K5 ch. 23 R-K8 24 R-KT 25 K,,-RZ.
-7 R-K8 g,,,,,-~3 K-B4 8-Kt8 ~ h .
The game continued oddly 25.. . RKB8 26. RR7 ch. KK5 27. R x K PK7 28. RQRf KK6 24. KKt2 KQ7, and a draw was aged, for if 30. KB2 PKt6 cfr.
K-Kt3 P--B4
19 R-,-Kt2
If 19. R-B2
This wailing move l e a v ~White in m6p.wang, for if 5. KQX Kt)b ch., or r f 5 . 3 3 2 RQ6 6. RK4 RK7 ch. 5 R-Kt2
Black's king can now cross the king's file.
.
...
K-B4
Black i n t c n d ~to b m k through on the queen's side by ... PI%. 17 R-B6 ch, K,--R4 18 R - 4 2 P-B5
...
.
White to play 6 ... P-Kt4 7 PxP R-Ut5 8 K---Kt2 RXP
14 R--Q2 ch. 15 R-32 ch. 16 R-B2
...
Black to play 5
...
6 K-41 7 K 4 2
White having brought hi3 king to defend the QK~P, Biack promptly attacks the KRP, keeping White's rook on the defensive. There is no hum for BIack to capture the queen's which is doomed anyway.
8 R--Q2
K-BS
9 K-Kt1 I0 K-R2
P---R4 R-R5
11 R-B2 12 R-B7
KxP P-Kt4
13 R-B2
...PKt5
(to prc-,nt PB6) then
20. P x P c h . K x P followcd by PR6 getting a passed QBP.
19
1
19 ... P-B6 20 P-,Kt4 ch. P x P e.p. ch. 21 K x P P.-,87 ~ h . 22KxP R x QRP 23 K-Kt2 R-KB~ 2.f R--K2 P-RS 25 R - 4 2 P-R6 BIack makes an advanced point at KKt7 for his rook, so that he may invade the seventh rank. 26 R-KZ 27 K-Kt1
R-B8 ch.
28 K-HZ
P-Kt5
29 K-,,-1/3 30 K-32
K-Q8 cR. R-K Kt8
White resigns bemuse of the threatencd ... R-KKU.
302 Euwe v. Barm, Budapest, 1940. White has the betterrook position, controlling the m o t e open file. A scramble for paws ensues, and the odds are with White, k a m e Black's queen's side is indefensible, whereas White's king can obstruct Black's rook to some extent. - "--"-.. 1. R-,B7
RxQP I . . .R x P ch. 2. KK3 is cvcri worse 2 K-K3 Not 2, R x KtP? RQ7 A.foIlowed capturing White's QKtP. 2 ... It-KS ch. 3 K-p3
I I X ROOK ENDING$ 4 RxKtP s RKK~P 6 P-R4 7 p,,,,-.R5 8 R-Kt3
R-R7 aXKK~P R xKRP R-R8 ch.
If S . . . RR8 9. RR3RQ8ch. 10. K K 2 RQnS 1 1 . PR6 RBI 12. PR7 RQRI 13, PKt4 KI31 14. PKtS KK2 15. PKt6 KQ2 16. PK17.
'With her fals draiightes dyvers, She stal on me and took my fers And Whan 1 s a w my fers away, Allasf X couthc no longer play Rut seydc, "FarwcX swetc y-wis, And farwe1 all that cvcr there ys!" ' CWAWER, The Boke of the Duclresse, t 369.'
R,,-R7 ch. R-K7 R-K2
9 R-B2 10 K-KiI I I P-R5
White to play
NoL3.K03?PQS4. RxKtPRKdch. 5 . KB2 RQKt6. White wants to mtain both his queen's side pawns, for a. sin@$ passed pawn can kheld up by an enemy rook, bat united passod pawns rannot.
Black prcfers suddcn dmth to the sfower defeat which follows 3 , . , RK3 4. R x KtP KKt2 5, KW.
1
Placing the rook bchir~dthe passed pawns is better than 12. R-Kt?? 11 -K8 ch. and now 13. KRZ RK3 14. PR7 RR3 ch, f 5. KKtl KKt2 16. PKt4 PB5 17. PRtS PB6,or 13. KB2 RQRS 14. PR7 KKt2 IS. PKt4 X>N5 16. KQ2 PQS 17. RKZ RR7 ch. After the text-move Bi& resigns bemuse of 12 RR2 13. PKt4 PB5 14. PKi5, when his four isdatcd pawtwm are not of rhe slightest use.
...
Exchanges of ptiwns ohen lead to prptttalcheck before their mmbers are greatly reduced. l'ltc endings of the firsf t k m sections are usuallv the con=qucrlce of a pawn ending in*whichone or both piayers prornotc. In mntrast to endings with the othm pit l ~ cizruin drfensivc idea Is mrpcfual check, and in the simpler i s e s stdematc.
White t h r c a t e d 3. QQ1.
3 Q-K2 V-BB ch.
K,,-H8
1 QUEEN v. PAWN
The qrrwn wins in every case against a KtP or Centre P, provided always she
can at first check or pin or otherwise prevent the immediate promotion of the
pawn. A BP or RP on the sevmth draws unless White's king is within a spocificd distancc of the mwm. If the pawn s i on the sixth or farther k c k , ody the BP offers drawing hama and those rarcly.
White plays and wins
The queen always rrds access to ccrlain squares, here QW, and on the 303 The approaches ninr h move K4.Although of no account W n s of chmls and pins, or by attack- , in the basic ending this fact may h in& or thatenin$ to Mmk, the P a w e rclcvant when there aw other pawns ison feriodicdl~a clo*ranF+d cheek forces the b a r d , in the final position of Black's king in froat of his p u ~ m ,thus Example 80. giving White's king time to approach. 1 4 K-Kt7 I Q--R2 K-Q6 ! 5Q--Q3 K-B8 Xf I... K.--B8 (1 KQ8 2. KQ5, or 6 Q--H3 ch.
...
,
Eers: queen. draught%: ~ o v e s .
]
...
The king must now obstruct his pawn.
1 QUEEN v. P A W
IV QUEEN ENDINGS
...
K--Q& 7 K--Q5 K-K7 8 Q-B2 K-,.K8 9 Q-K4 ~ h . K-R7 10 Q - 4 3 K-K8 1 1 Q--K3 ~ h . KL48 12 K+ K-BY. With thc aid of his king White mates in, four, 13. U-B3 ch. K-,Q8 ($3... KKt8 14' Q" IS' KB3' 14' K-K3, etc. The P'~Y againsta kni&t's pawn is the same,
S
304 White wins against a BP on the seventh only if his king i s near enough to capture it, or if there i s a mating finish
When Black's king is on thc short side BP he cannot be forced to block it, for if 4. QKt4 ch. KR7 5. QKt3 ch. Black g w to the corner, 5...KR8, when 6. QxP? stafemata. This i s what hapgens if White's king is farther away. of the
/ 1
I
4... 5 +R2
mate.
P-sa-Q
305 To have the king on the long side of the pawn, as in the fmish of the game *$bin v. aarou&, f xampIe 28, is Icss favourable for Black. I +-Kt2 K--48 K~~
J
9 K-K,tJ. And the mating thrmts are fatal. Laving out of account c k k s by discovery, Whitc wins only if his king h within the marked-off a m show an tho diagram.
306 Xn general White mnnoz win against a RP on the seventh if his king is tw far off, and after 1 . QKt8 ch. '! K87 the queen may zigzag towards the 387 The stalemate defenm with ilP pawn, 2. QR7 KKt8 3. QKt6 ch. KB7 4. QRS KKt8 6. QKt4 ch. KB7 7. and RP on the seventh am no longer QR3 RKt8, but now 8. QKt3 ch. is available when the pawn is on the sixth. answered by 8. .. KR8, and White cannot circumvent the stalcrnak thrmt, Any other 1-1 move except I. QWhcn ths king is newer them are mating combinations after the pawn UB8? wins. erna live is to into quccm. the winning arm of Example 305, pefi I K-Q5 ch. mittinn the n~wnto rcacfn the seventh.
305
after thc pawn queens. If Whita's king were k c ttt K2, then the pawn falls after 1. KQ2 KRI 2, RxP, but not 2. Q x P? stalemate. With White's king within onc move of Kt3 ;is diagrammed, he mat& :
r
must not fall for the cunning trap J... KQS? 4. KK4 PBI-Q 5. KQ3.
This simple manmvre, wwbh consists of pinning the pawn on one of the two availahk diagonals, brings Black to a
standstill.
K-~7 If l . . . KKiS 2. KKt3 PB8-Q 3. QR7 ch. KR8 4. QR7 ch, KKt8 5. QR2 mate. Q-.R$ ch.
Not 2. QB3? P38 =Q 3. Q x Q stale mate.
04
The point: if Black a d v a m the pawn 3 . .. PB7, it is blocked after 4. QK I.
This combination depends ou White's kina being able to guard K 2 in one move, andnow ;f 2 . . W ~ = Q3. QK2 mate.
2 ... 3 K-R2 4 Q--Q4 ch. 5 Q,--QKt4 6 Q-Kl mate.
White viavs and wins if his king is witbirr
White plays and wins
White plays and wins if his king is within
R 4 7
K--Q8 K-B8
K-8
If White's king were hem at QKt5 there follows 1. QB4 ch. KQI 2. QQ4 ch. KK7 3 . 4 6 3 KQ8 4. QQ3 ch. KB8, and White gains a tempo for bringing up his king, 5 , KR4 KKt7 6. QQZ, winning as in the preceding exampla. If instead Mite's king were at KBS, he may try I. QKt2 K48 2. QKt3 KQ7 3. QR2, when 3... KB6 draws, but Black
This is the more usual finish, White's king making for Kt3 as in Kashdan v. nofir, Example 112. Alternatively ihc king may control B2, I. K-K4 ~ h K-Kt8 . 2. Q--KRl cR. K-KU 3. Q-Kt2 I&. K-Kt8 (3.. . KKtA 4. QKt7) 4. K 4 3 P-,-"R8:::v.Q 5. Q...-B2 mate. 1
..,
2 Q-KRI ch. 3 Q - 4 2 ch.
K-Kt8 K-Kt7 K-Kt8
White vlavs and wins Black . . and draws
1
BIack to play draws after I ... PB6 White can neitfier prevent ... PB7 with his queen, nor get his king within the winning area. This is an improbable situation, which happens in f e w than 50 of the many thousands of possible positions. -use
QKt3 mate.
I
217
Iv QUEEN ENDINGS Iring tries to g t into one or the winning a m before Black aacrifjccs the extra White might win if his kin$ were pawn. nearer, or if the KRP were lwu forward, 1. +Kt7 ch. K-R7 or if Black wee: emmbered by a third Not I... KR8? 2. KK5 PR7 3 . KO4 pAwn. PR8=Q 4. Q xQ ch., for White" king
312 White also cannot win agiinst a BP on the scvcnth unlcss his king takes
is near enough for a win.
Black b p s his king on the squares Kt6, Kt7, and R4.
part. 1 K-Kt4
Not 1. QR6 ch. ? KKt8 2. QKt6 PW, for Whitc's queen, unable to use the squares Q4 and QKt4, cannot approach and force Rlack to block his advanced
pawn, 3. QKt6 ch. KR7 4. QRS ch. KKt7 5. QKt5 ch. KR7 6.QR4 (84) ch. K-Kt7 7. QKt5 ch. KR7; whilst capturing thc rear pawn, which would win in the case of Kt' or Centre P,here only draws. Similar play follorvs 1 . QQ3? PI34 2. QQKt3 KQ7 3. QR2 KC16 4. QQ5 ch. KK7. Of course 1. Q x P? KKt7 draws at
Drawn
once.
Xf 2... KKt8? 3. QKt5 ch. KB7 4. 4134 ch. KKt7 5. QKM ch. KBY 6. QR3 KKt8 7. QKt3 ch. KR8 8. Q32, when l3Iack's extra pawn deprives him of a stdemate, 8 . . PR7 9. Q U l rnatc.
.
3 Q-Kt4
cR.
I ... P-B4 Black tries to get rid o i the rcar pawn. If I... K-KL7 (I ... KKt8 2. QQJ PH4 3. QKt3 ch.) 2. Q-R8 ch., the only move to win, 2 . . . K-Kt8 (2... KKt6
R,,-R6
If 3... KB7? or 3... KRR? 4+ QB4 (ch.). K ,,,,,,,,Kt7 4 Q - 4 3 ch. Not 4-.. KKtS? 5. QQI PR7 6. KKS KR6, wl~crr While's king enters the
winning area, 7. KQ4. 5 Q--Q2 ch. K-Kt6 Not 4... KR5? 5. QBI ch., White's q u m gets to the first rank wiihoui loss oftime, S... K K t 6 6.KKS PR7 7 . KQ4.
6 Q-RI
...
7 K-K5
P-R7 P-R8-
Q
K--Kt7 I#... KKt6 9. KB3) 9. +Kt4 ch. K-R7 50. Q--B3 K-KiS 11.
an an adjoining rank, fib,or diagonal; and in this way too thc position of BIack's king influences the result. A antre P or RP cn thc seventh nowally wins, chiefly because White's king has sufficient mamuvrinp, s p a
Q--Kt3 ch., and because there is no stakmate after I 0 ... KR8 1 1 . Q x P , Black must Block his pawn.
2 Q--QKt7
around it. This pmvcrrts Black's kirlg going to LIX A KtP on the seventh alrnosr always &oft side of rhe pawn. 2. KB3? KKt7 wins if supported diagonally by a queen draws. an its fourth rank, e.g. Whitc pawn at KKtT, White qileen nt Q4. 2 K-.-a8 The RP on the scvcnth is much lea 3 @-Kt3 P-B5 Grigoriev shows that Whitc's king is likely to win; even so, t3c dcfcnce can near enough for a mating finish against he dil6cult. With the pawn farther back results are daubIed bishop's pawns on the Afth Ias clear. Black's king, if not blocking and seventh ranks. the pawn, a n n o t improve- its psition 4 Q--R4 K--Q7 except to movc farther away, fur his S Q-K2 K-36 only Jefcnce is perpetual check, or on 6 Q-RI ch. K-47 fare wwsions stalemate. 7 Q-Kt2 PP-BS Apparently thc KtP can h forced to 8 +It2 K-..-Q6 the wcnth. but meanwhile Black's king takes up i& correct pos~tion.There is The het~erchance. If R . .. KQg 9. KR3 evidence &at under favourabte circuinPBI-Q 10. QK2 mate. stanccs a BP an be advanced. Less is 9 Q-Q5 cR, K-K7 known about the Centre P. As to the 10 Q--KS ch. K,-Q7 RP, if farther back a draw i s certain. P-BS -Kt 11 K-33 HEis mated if he queens. 313 A stable position of a kind 12 Q-R2 ch. K-46 which might always I x obtained, or to 13 Q RZ Kt Kt6 which White might return should he 14 Q --K2 ch. rnakea false start. When unabte to check 15 Q-K4ch. Hack pins the p~wn. 16 K-K2. K-B8 With the move Black draws by I . . . White i l l t e f p m with ch& On the P-m thrcatcning .., KK17, and if 2. Q - Q K ~ ~ K-47 3, Q-...Qs &, diagonal if Black's king stands on o m of ] four critical dla&onafs: K-K7, much as in the notes above. rhc long diagonal, I . . . K-B5 (I.., I KR8) K-Kt*. the adjoining white-squarc diagonals, QUEEN AND PAWN ' QUEEN 1 K-R6 (I KB7 or Kt8 2. KKt8 The pcsitbn of Black's king i s the QKt5 ch. 3. KR8 QQ5 ch. 4. QRt7 QQ2 5. QKt6 ch.) 2. Q-I36 @.-B$ decisive factor. 3. Q-Rd ch. R-Kt6 Q... KKr7 4. If it M ~ k tha, s pawn hc draws.. Otherwise his king must be out of the KB7 QQ4ch. 5 . QK6 QR4 ch. 6.QKt6 Qp4 &. 7.KKt7 QKtZ 8. QS7 QKt7 Way, and not obstruct his chances of perpetual check. Whitc tricx, to avoid ch. 9. KB8) 4. K -U7 Q-B7 ch. (4 perpetual chwk by answering a check QB2 5. KK6 QKll 6.KQ7, or4 QW with a check, and forcing a queen ch. 5. QBG QQ2 or R2 6. KB8, or e%hange,e.Thisiincrpowl c h ~ happens k 4.. QR4 cb. 5. QKt6 QBd ch. 6. KKt8) W y when both kings are on the same or 5. Q-B6 Q--82 6. K-BS Q-B4
...
...
6. QQ3 ch. RKt7 7. Q 0 4 :h, KKrG 8. KK5 PR7 9. QR1 corn&?to the same thing.
6
2 QUEEN v. TWO MORE PAWNS
White plays and wins Black plays and draws
,
I
22 1
...
...
...
3 QUEEN AND PAWN v, QUEEN
JV QUEEN ENDINGS
7.K-Kt7 @-Kt8 &. (7.,, QR2 or 332 8. QB2 ch.) 8. +Kt6 Q - 4 5 ch. 9. K-Ki8. The pinning diagonal, I... K--R6 2. Q--36 Q--X34 3. Q,-R6 ~ hIS-Kt5 . and now, 4. K-B7 Q - 4 4 cb. (4,. QR4 &. or 4.. QB4 ch. transposes. If 4... QB7 d. 5. QB6 Q M ch. 6. KB8) 5. Q - ~ 6 Q-I24 ih. (5.. . QKQ 6. KB8 , QB6 ch. 7. Q R 3 6. +Kt6 C+Q4 ch. (6... QR6 ch. 7. KKt7 QB5 ch. 8. QB6 1 QB2 9. QQ4 ch. KR6 10. KB8) 7. K-Kt7 -5 ch. (7 ... QK4 ch. 8. QB6 QB2 9, QQ5 ch. KR6 10. KB8) 8. Q-B6 +-Kt8 ch. (8.. . QQ2 9- KB8) 9. K-B7 (not 9... KB8 10. 034) 9...
3. K-B7 Q--BS ch. 4. K-K6 +Kt5 ch. (4.. QR3 ch. 5. KQ7 transposes) 5. K-,Q6 +Kt5 ~ h . 6. K-47 Q-Kt5ch. 7.K.--Q8 +KF3 8. Q--Q7 K-R8 (8... QKt4 9. RB8 QW ch. 10. QB7 QW ch. 11. KKtB) 9.K--H8 Q-BS ch. 10. K-Kt8 Q-BS ch. 11, K-R8 O-KSIB6i . , ch. 12 0.-Kt7. 3 K-Kt7 Q--BZ If 3... Q--Kt6 cb. 4. K-I36 Q-QBh ch. (4 QB7 ck. 5. KK6 as in the text, or 4... Q 3 5 ch. 5. KKtS) 4. K-B7 @432 6. Q-Q4 {threatening K38) 6...Q-Kt2 7. +B3 cH. K--Q8 8. K-BE, and Black.can mithcr cheek, nor
.
...
There would h-similar winning lines i f Black's king were on the KR, KKt or
~ f d . .Q. B B ~ 5, ~ KB7, . or 4.., g- RKtG,#s 5 K-35
KB files.
hfDre.
pBs ch,
0 - 4 7 ch. 6 K-K6 4 - 4 3 ch. If 6,. Q-KSch. 7. K--Q6Q--Ktdch. 8. K--47 +Kt5 ch. 9.K--QI +KR5 10. Q--Q7 K-Kt8 I f . HI--B8 Q-B5 ~ h 12. . K-Kt8 Q--B5 CR 13. 4-87, 7 Q--Qs Q-Kt4 If 6.,.QK6 ch. 7. KQ7 as in the last note. Also if 6... Q-Kt6 ch. 7.K--47 Q--RG&. (7...QB2 8.KQ8) 8.K-B7
5. QKt7 QH7 ch. 6 . KR8 QR7 ch. 7. KKtS. If Btack plays his king to the central Elm, White wins much as in the preceding example. 2 +Kt2 K-R6 3 Q-B3 ch. K-R7 4 K-Kt7 In spit. of mvny C ~ white S ernnot be p ~ v c n t e dfrom moving his king down the and KR files to K g t l , when Black's chcck~must hive a stop Imam White tP.mtens to i n t e p s e with check on the rank.
314
befare. 8 Q-B4 ch. K--Q* Eke the s w n s am exchan~ed. a
1 threat renew&l by White's next &v&
2 Q-"4s With Black's king at 4 138 an interposed check cannot be forced as rnattcrs stand. White therefore moves his own king to the sum's Gdt, where he threatens to interpose with check on the file. He fixst centralizes his queen, thus depriving Black's queen of the use of mnst of the central squares. There are of mum othw ways in which the samc idea may be carried out. 2 +.. Q-BS ch. Wherever it is Black's king gets in the ( way, even on ih?Q R file, Z,..K-Kt7 1
9-43 cb. Q-Kt2 ch.
+R3
314 WhenrhcrcisaBPBtacir'sking also has no good square, 1 ... K-Kt6 ~ h c hops k for sanctuary on the QR file. As before, the diagonals are unsafe, I... KKB 2. KR8, or l . . . KB8 2. QKtS ch. KR7 3. QKt6 ch. KX38 4. KR7 QB2
;ts
White wins
Qu-Kt2 ch.
than on the diagonal, and sometimes fails. as in the note to Black's third mow. This kind of win i s somewhat fortuitous, and depends upon White's having a suitable check, thus regrouping his queen without loss of time.
ch.
J f l l...QB8dl. 12.QB1.
12 K-RI
K-R8 13 Q-SB ch. K-R7 K-R8 1' QmK6 ch+ l5 WKEThe strategy is not profound, but many chwks may make it complex. For
i
BIdck the best checking distance i s to have two or three s q w s lxtween king and queen. White mpts the checks if he pursues a definite plan, andjor his queen is well centralized. Moving his king to a square of a different wlour from that occupied by Black's queen ofieo limits her choice of furthm checks.
313 with a ~ t mita p cannot fmibiy manmvre so as to intcrpap chsk on diagml, conseq,,,tfy ~ l king k~~ ~ a~h;iven vinfie ~ diagonally opposite corner. White can hope to win uniy by bringing his Ling to the QR or QKt fife, or to the first or secoild rank, so that he mates threats of interposing with chmk on the file or the rank. The qumtion mark, after the caption under the diagram, is intentiondl for it is not yet known whether or not Whiz can form a win & this way, and the mnsensus is that the posidon k
drawn. Witb the move Black has a new kind of draw because White's king in the comer has icss f r d o m of action : I . .
.
To summarim: If Bhckk king is already align4 tm the rckvant diagonals or CIes White wins by a regrouping of his king and q w n around the pawn, as in the notes to Black's first movc. In othr cases White boldly movm out his own king, seeking to atign it with Black's king, on the file as. here, or on tttc rarrk as in the next example. The pin is Iws eKctivc on the rank
222
White wins
...
Q Q I ch. 2. PKt8:::Q QB6 ch. with pmptual check.
Q--Q5 ch. Q--423 ~ h . &K4 ch. 'l'hispmitionoccurrcd after 1ItK) movca If 6. ..QBl 7. QQS ch. KRI 8. KRt6 of thc @me Bachman v. Gligo~ie, KKt7 9.KRT, and While soon opposw. Moscow, 1947, which we shall fob. q w n s , 9... KKt8 10. QK4 ch. KR8 3 K-Kt8 I I . QK8, or 9.. . KB8 30. QKt5 ch. KKt8 11. Q K t f . ff White miurns his queen, 3. QR2 &. 4 S K-Kt6 h R--RS
IV QUEEN ENDINGS KR8 4. QR7, Black maintains the pin I on the pawn, but must not play 4.. / QQl ch. for his yumn is pinned after 5. PKt8,-Q 4 8 6 ch. 6. QKt7. 3 ... Q,,--Q4 &. 4 K,-,-B8 Q-KB-4 ch. t Q-"'X(5 chv? 5 K-K8 After the better move, 5.. Q--K3 ch., / ir would secxn that White can avoid perpetual check only by going back to the shelter of his pawn, 6. Q-K7 Q-HI ch. 7. K-H7 Q-BS ch. 8. Q.--K6 Q--82 ch. 9. K.,-B6 (9. KKt6 QK16 ch, 10, KR7 QRS ch, 1 1 , QRb QKS c h . ~ 9.., ~ - f 1 5 ch, $0. Q--B~ ! (10, KK7 QU2 &. 1 1 . QQ7 QK4 &. ! 12. K R QB5 ~ ch, 13. KKt6 QK16 ~ h , ) 10... Q--Q3 cb. f 3. K-B7 (11. RKts QKt6 ch. 12. QKt4 QK4 ch.) I f ... Q-B~ ch, 12, ~ - ~ tQ-K~& 6 ch, ! 13. Q-Kt5 Q-46 ck ~ h i isi not to ray rheio may no$ be other waysin which White's king may . sucwsfully ntove out and cross the board. To retain the grmlest freedom of movcnlcnt Black delj$,ers chocks, in 8 ; $c?l~cralway, from central squares; and ', liere in part~cularfrom the squares on , hrs diagonal QKtR-KR7, e.g, KK16, KRS, etc. 6K-48 Q - ~ 1 &. 1 7 IC-Q7 8 K-,R8 Q-Kt1 ch. 9 K ,,,,,,,,~ t 7 Q-04 ch. 10 K-Kt5
.
.
1 quare. I I Q-R5 the kings on adjoining files there ! areWith two tnterpos~dchecks. Now if I I .
.
QK3 dl. chccking on the rank, I f .,. QKtS ch., or if I I . . . QB5 ch. che~king on the diagonal, I 1 ... QKt5 ch. 11 , *Kt1 ~ h r are n five ways in which Rlack's queen may hinder the KtP from queening: fi) delivering chock; fii) pinning the pawn on the Ion&diagonal; (iiif pinning the pawn on the wnk; fiv) occupying the Wwning square, as here; (v) cofitroflin~ the queening square. From Btack's point of v i m (i)and (ii) aw unquestionably the best defences. (iii) knd (iv) aiC woaker d ~ f ~and s t, l l ~ ysometimes lose;(v) v)is Very wmk, and generall~loses; c-8- if herc I 1.. .. QR2 t bere follows 12. QKS ch. KB7 3- QR2 ch. 14, QKtJ(Ktl followed $5. PKt8,,,tQ.
!
: w B m :,,,A. @ .. ' i . .!,..-
..............,,,,
Drawn ?
3 QUEEN AND PAWN v. QUEEN
White's pawn makes its littb contribution, for if 10.. . Q-,,,Q6ch. I I . K-R7 Q-KG ch. (I I .. QR2 12. KR8) 12. K-Rt8, and Black cannot check on his
.
12 - - C)--KS ~ h . \
White has a minor smcess, w u ~ ~ i n g h i s central square:on the Iong diagonal.
12 ... In a sneral way
K---Kt8
it is hlter to occupy the edge file in this case [or the edge rank if White's king were on the first or
socond rank] k a u s c this leavcs Bl;lck,'s qumn free to check on the diagonals and on the ranks withost fear of a fatal interposed check; Black could therefore try 12.,. K-R7, although, as his queen i s not too well placed, t h i s docs not save hirn
According to an analysis by Pospishil and Stepushin-Maiishev, 1958, White can win by 13. E-Kt5 Q-Kt6 ch. , 14. K-Kt5 Q,,-R6 ch. (14 ... QR7 ch.
224
15. U t 4 QQ7 ch, $6. 933 QQ? ch. 17. QB5 QB5 ch. 18. QB4 QKti ck. 19.QKtSQKt6 20.PKt8-Q 2 I . Q x Q and White mates in 3) 15. K-Kt6 Q--Kt6 ch. 16. (not 16. QKt5 KR8 17. K R 6 QK3 ch. and now 18. QKt6 Q'BI ch. 19. QKt7 QR5 ch., or 18. KR7 QK2 ch. 19. QK17 QK6 ch. 20. KR8 QKI ch. with n probable draw in either case) .) 6 , . Q-,-I35 ch. (I&.. QB7 ch. 17. KQ8 QQ6 ch. 18, KK8 QRt3 ck. 19. KR8 QKR3, and thc pin on thc short diagonal is irscless, 20. QBS ch. KR7 21. KB7; or 1 6 . . QBZ ch. 17. KQ8 QKtl ch. 18. RK7) 17. K-(18 Q R S dl. 18. Q-K7 ~ h 19. . Q - 0 7 Q- 133 d l . (19,.. QKt3 ch. 20. KB8 QB4 ch. 21. KKt# QK4 ch. 22. KR8) 20, K-,-HR Q--B6ch. 21. Q-RS ch. (21.,. QQKtQ, 22. QKt7 K R 8 23. Q R i ~ h . 122. K-,,,Kt8Q--Kt6 ch. 23. K-,,,-R8.The final stagcsare vcry like thosc shown in Example 3 1 3. 13 Q,-,-QIch. 14 K-Kt5 Q - 4 2 ch. The mating thwats make it diEculr for Black. 1 c 1 4... QK1I 15. OK4 ch. KKt7 16. 444 ch. KKt8 17. KK14 QKtl cb. 18. KRJ QRI ch. 19. QR4 Q Q l 20.PKt8--QQxQ21.QQf mate. 15 K-Kt4 Q-Kt2 ch. 16 K-34 Q---BJ ch. 13 Q-B5 Q-K5 ~ h . 18 Q - 4 4 Q - 4 3 ch. 19 K-Kt3 0.-KBS ch. Here so~nerepetitions of moves are omitted. Wllitc could now win by 20. KH4 0 8 3 c l ~ . 21. QE5 QK5 ch. 22. KKt3 QB6 cb. 23. KR4 Q R I ch. 24. Q K 5 QKKt 1 25. QRS ch. KB8 16. QBI ch. KB7 27. Q K t 2 ch. KBh 24. QKt3 ch. RQ5 25. QQKt3.
Instcad, 22. KB3 ch. mates in 7. 22 ... K--B7 23 Q-,Kt2 ch. Black resigns.
316 This is a typical winning posiiion with k i n g on adjoining ranks. BIack's king is misplaced at QR6 and would be happier at QKt8. Whib's quen I s centralized on its k s t square. 1 ... +Kt3 ch. In a variety of ways White's king and queen m y pair themselves an the sccond rank: I . . . QK7 ch. 2. QBZ. I... QB3ch. 2. KBI QR6ch. 3. QB2 QW(Q8) ch, 4. RKt2 or here 3... QR6(R8) cR. 4. KKZ. I . , . QB? ch. 2. KBI QElH ch. 3. KK2 QB7 ch. 4. QQ2. 1 .. . QB3 ch, 2. KBl QR8 ch. 3. QKt l QR6 ~ h .4. QKt2 QQ6 ch. 5 . KKtl QQ5 ch. 6.KR2. l...QB3ch. 2. KBI QKt4cR. 3. KK1 0 8 4 ch. (or 3... OKts ch. as in the lext$ay) 4. KQI ~ a x ch. b 5. KB2 QR7 ch. 5. QQ2. Mack runs out of checks after 1 ... QR3 ch. 2. RBI QKJ ch. 3. KB2. Merely controlling the quecning square is usualIy hopeless, I ... QB I 2. QQG ch. KKt7 3. QB6 cb., or here Z... KRS 3. QMctt. Occupying the queerring square is a better defence, but aiways fails if White's
.
..
20 Q-Y33 ? +-Kt2 ch? An oversight. White cannot mate after 20,.. QQ4 ch. 21. QB4 QB6 ch. 22. KR4 QQRI ch. 21 +Kt4 Q-44 ch. If 21 ... Q x P 22. QKI mate. 1
225
White wins
IV QUEEN ENDINGS kina can rmch KKtt. and sometimes i 8 O,-34ch. K-R4 ? fails for tactical masons: If t h e i s a valid defence it sureiy f ... QKtl 2. KKtl K W 3. QB2 ch. consists in getting the king to the QRl KR8 4. QB8. corner, 8... KR6. 1 . . . QR7 ch. 2. QB2 QKtf 3 . 4 8 8 ch. 9 Q-42ch. K-RS 2 K-BI -Kt8 ~h. 10 Cf-tMch. -. . - - . If 2... Q-B2ch. (2... QB4ch. 3. White gets to this key square without QB2) 3. K-,,KI +Kt1 (3...QKi ~ h . im of time. 4. KQ2, or 3... QK2cb. 4. KQ1, whilst I0 ... K-M 3... QK3 ch. 4, KQl QKt6 ch. 5. KK2 transposes to the tcxt) 4. Q--K7 ch. Xt is too late far 10... K,--R6, forafter K-Kt7 5 . K-B2 K-Kt8 6.K-Ktl. 11. K-Kt5 +K2 ~ h . 12. K-R5 3 K---K2 Q-R? ~ h . +Hi ch. 13. K-Kt4Q-,BI ~ h .14. 4 K ,,,,,,,,,K3 q-K3 ch. K-R4 he has no check; and if now 5 K-R4 14 ... Q - - KI (14 ... R R 7 IS. PKt7 QKKtl i s no better) 15. P--K11, and White escapes the checks after 5... Q82 ch. 6. k ~ t 3 QKt3 ch. 7. QKt4, or 5... QR3 ch. 6. RB5 QR4 ch. 7 . K136 Qf16 ch. 8. KKt5 QKt6 ch. 8. QKt4 QK6 ch. 10. K R 4 QR3 ch. 1 1 . KKt3 QQ3 ck. 12, KKt2 QQ7 ch. 13. KKrl QB8ch. 14. K R 2 Q 4 7 c h . IS. QKt2. %
317 Botvinnik
Minev. Amsterdam, 1954. Black's king is badly placed, and Botwinnik wrests a victory, using the two wenpons of the interposed check and the centralized qu~-en--forthe fatter, note moves 2, 14 and 20. He iceem his White to play king clear of ;he queening cmner-, thus avoiding the draw d Example 315. 1 0-Mch. K-R4 White" kine retreats to KKtZ, on the adjoining rank to Black's king, 15 ... I . . . KR6? 2. Q33 ch. Q--R3 ck. (1 5 . . . Q K 2 ch. of IS ... 2 Q-K5 &. K-RS QRS ch, lead to thc same thing) j 6 . 3 P-Kt6 Q - 4 8 ch, K- Kt3 +Kt3 ch. 17. K-R3 I)-R3 4 K-Kt5 Q--Qt ch. ch. 18. K-Kt?, Example 316. If 4.. . QKtl ch. 5. KR5, In the gaw I I K--Kt5 Q--K2 ~ h . a rqxtition of moves ~ ~ u r x e 5. d , KB5 12 K--35 Q-HI ch. QQBl ch. 6. M4 QB8 ch. 7. QK3 13 K---K4 Q -R3 QB2 ch, 8. QK5 QB8 ch. 9. K05 QB1 14 Q-KS ch. EC-RS ch. 10. KKt5 QQ1 ch. I5 P-Kt7 0-48 ~ h . 16 K-Q4 Q--QS ch. Q--Wch5 Q--BS ch. Q--QI ~h. f 7 K,--B5 6 Q-B5 lg K--Q6 Q - 4 7 ch. Q-KI 7K R 5 If I?'.., QR3 ch. 18. KQS. Black pin. the pawn, for after 7... QRl ch. 8. KKt4 QKt2 9. 987 QB6 As in the p d i n g exampla, White's 10. PKt7 QBd ch. 11. QB5 the checks king rnachcs boldly towards the enemy case. king. v.
I
1
226
19 K-K6
20 -5 21
K-46
3 QUEEN AND PAWN V, QUEEN Q--M ch. RP, 4. KQ6 QKtb ck, or
! OKLch.
Q--K7 ch. @-~7 ch.
22 K-35. Black resigns. If 22.e. PQB7 ch. 23. QM ch- KR5 24. PKt8=Q, but not 24. Cj x Q ? stalemato.
I1
;
,
318 A study by Fontma and Roycroft, 1957. R m n t analysis by Fontana sttows tkat the case with a RP on or near the seventh, hitherto thought immediably drawn, can be won if the defending king is wrongly placed. Uitimately the dofcndcr's chmlrr, are brought to a sfog by White iinteqming with check, the same motif as &fore. h a general y a y While can often do this if Black's klng 1s on the KKi or 3Cl3 files, or on its own half of the board, as b m where it stands on thc fourth rank. The &st place. for BIack's king, if it cannot directly block the pawn, is in or near the corner diagonally apposite the queening square, in which utse hc draws. 1 P-,-.R7 Q-5oh. 2 K-R6 Q-,,,,QM ~h. Xf 2... QxP 3. QR3 mate. 3 K-Kt7 For once interposition fails, for after 3. Q35 ch.? KRS Black either draws by stalemate, 4. Q x Q, or 4. KQ5 QBb ch. 5. K W Q36 ch. 6. K x Q; or gains the
3 ... Q,-Rl 'hftcrl. . . QB6ch. 4.KKt8QKt6ch. 5. KB8 QK6 ch. 6. QQ7 QR3 q u a will find way to contrd the qumning square, 7. QQ8 ch. RR3 8. QQ3 ch. (8.PK8-Q? QB3 ch. 9. QB7 G K ch. ~ 10. Q x Q stal&ate) 8.. K R 9. QQ4 ch. 4 Q--QS ~ h . K-,R5 5 Q-Kt8 Q.--Kt7 ch. 6 K-R8 Q-R6 An ~xtra6rdinaryresource! 7 Q--R7 Not 7.PRI=Q? for White's queens are bunched at the corner, and he cannot escape perpetual check, 7... KKt4 ch. 8. KKtS QQ3 ch. 9. KB8 483 ch. 10. KQ8 QRl ch. f 1. KK7 QR2 ch. 12. KK6 QR7 cA. I3. KBS QQB7 ch. 14. KKt5 QKt7 ch. 7 K,,-Kt4 oh. BPack's king return to the fourth rank for aftm 7... KKt5 ch. 8. KKt7 he bas no more checks. 8 K-Kt8 Q - 4 3 ch. 9 K-'B8 Q-B3 ch. 10 K--Q8 Q-RI ch. I f K.--K7 Q-R6 ch. Q,,.,-QBticat. 12 K-RS 13 K-Kt6 Q-Kt6 ch. 14 K-R6 Q-KS ch. 15 K-Kt7 0-Kt4 ~ h . 1G Q-Kt6 -K2 ch. 17 K-R6 +Bl ch. 18 K-Kt5 +KR I Discreetly blocking the pawn. After the v&rous X8 ... QK2 ch. 19. KR5 QK7 ch. 20. KR6 his last bolt is shot. 19 Q--B~ K-~5 20 K-Kt6 K-Kt4 It is too late to run for the corner, if 20 KR6 22. QRt8 OK4 22. QB8 ch. KR7 23. PR8-Q, and there is no perpetual check. 21 Q-B6
.
...
6
...
White plays and wins
4. KKt6
227
~
I V QUEEN ENDINGS
4 QUEEN AND TWO PAWNS v. QUEEN AND PAWN
If 21. QKt8 QK4 22. PR8=Qd! Black I The kind of pawn influcam the result. has a prpctuai chock. After 6.., QK14? 7. QB! ch. K x P 8. Q x P ch. White has good drawing 21 ... Q-K1 ch. chances against tht: KtP. 22 K-46. K - + 8 K--45 Queen and two pawns win against queen if there is no immediate perpetual Black's king triangulates to Iw a
In the game 4.. QKB7? 5. QKtl ch. KK7 6. QKtS ch. KH6 7 . QQS ch. KKt6 8. QKS ch. K x P led to a draw. S +Kt1 ch. Q-B8 6 Q-Q3 ch. K,,--fCS K--K12 Q-I33 ~ h . 8 K-Ktl Q--B4 cA. q x KtP QQ4A. 9 K-,,,,,Kt2 Q-B7 ~ h . 17 ... Q-B5 ~ h . K-B8 10 R-R3 18 K x P I 1 ?--Kt5 K-Kt8. If 18. KB8 QB4 ch. 19. KQ8 QQ4 ch. I A,* B I wins,~ ~ ~ 20. KB8 QK3 ch. 21. KQ8 QKD ch. 18 . . . Q--KS ch.
check, and if the pawns are united, or one or two film apart. In this way tfge pawns provide sufficient protection for
move, a manocuvre mmly w n with queens on h e board. Not 7.. QQ4 ch.? 8. Q x Q ch.K X Q 9. KB7, when White draws tho pawn
.
their king. The fttrthcr apart the Fawns the greater the difficulty, although the stronger party more oAcn wins thw not. A case with the pawds thrm files apart
ending.
the win, if indeed it is possible, is extremely d i k u l t . I5 ... Q-RS 36 +Kt2 ~ h . K-17 K-B7 If 17. QxBP QQ5 ch., or i f 17.
18...QRt5ch.? l Y . Q x Q c h . K x ( l 20, KH6 draws. 13 K-R7 +R5 ch.
arises in the next example.
The case of KRP,,f,,QRP would surely be drawn in many casa.
20 K-Kt7
Q-Kt4
5 . MORE PAWS:
In general a pawn up wins. Wien ~hcrcis an outside passed pawn, or when one can bc created h a u s e
ch.
White resigns.
1
4 QUEEN AND TWO PAWNS v. QUEEN AND PAWN 111 pr'a~iiw oak illuse or;casioxw when a queen and pawn ending simplifies to this cxzent ~ ~ t u check a l is highly prob-
aMe, and qumn endings with fwcr than 3 v. 2 pawns are herefore frcquentiy
White to play
drawn. 8 +-Kt4 ch. K--Q4 The game is drawn when thcrc is no 9 Q--Q2&. K-I34 passed pawn. 10 ch. K--RS 'Xhc stronger party has his best but r l Q-RZC~. slender chance when there is an outside Whiie is in zugwang. If 11. KK7 passed pawn, although perpetual c h ~ k QM cR. is the normal oukome. When ail the pawns arc ~ a ? s d the 1 1 ... K-Kt4 extra pawn is not in iisdf signifiant. 12 Q--K$2&. K-RJ The race i s to the swift, acd it is a 13 Q--R2 ch. KxP question of who bas the most advanced 14 Q-B2 ch. K-Kt4 pawn, the other player most Iikcly taking [ 15 Q a ch.? a wrptud check to prevent i Finding the chmks is in general happening, j more difficult than the opponent's task 1 of evading them. 15. QKQch. iu correct, 319 =dush v- Bronstcin? flu* I when Black will have i o concede a pawn 3947. Black winning d'M'lw only order $0 avoid p~:pl"tual &mk, 15.. , h a u s e White's QKtP is vulnerable. mg 16. QBI ch. KQ6 17. Q Q ~ch, 1 Q-437 c l ~ . 2 Q-Kt?&.
3 Q-R7 4 +R2
ch. ch.
5 Q--R2
ch. ch.
6 +It5
K-Kt4 K-I34 K-K3
K--a K-334 K-f35
!
KK6 18, Q K l ch. KEG 19. QRI uli. KKt6 20. QKI ~ hKKtS . 2f. QKtl ~ h . RR4 22. QR2 ch. KKt3 23. QKt3 ch. RB2 24. QK13 ch. QK3, maturally BPack gives up the KtP to kmp thc RP, 25. Q x P ch. KRtl 26. QKt2 ch. KBJ, and
228
MATERIAL
ADVANTAGE
$20 Marshall v. ~ ~ &tmd, ~ ~ i~is a~ wing ch m4iorit~. ~ , White's Wwn me advanced I G ~ P eco*ts ~ Y it L I X eighth, Exam~Ic IWT7. R~calizing ~ ~rp~*uaI a host of pawns 321, Black's only d e f c is pssed pawn is farlhr back, ~ l sarrificed ~ ~ twokpawns &heck, w the result is determined to reach this he yhouid aao:ding as White's king is shdtered or not by his pawns. have won. When the kings are on the same side 1 Q-,R5 ch. K---Kg as the pawn majority, the win is mom 2 p,,,,,..Kt4 difficult. The stronger party may advance y ,320 his king and pawns together, and, because the queen i s s n mwerful a piece, ~natingh m t s may be toad as in Example 324; or his king may move to ihc otbs side of iho board with a viow to advancing tho rnajo.ty without preparing for the tfansito a pawn ending, ar in Ermplc
Black wins White does not hope to queen this pawn, blrt to open lim for his queen. P-Kb 2
...
3 Q,-4)FiS K-48 Tarlasch avoids the littlc trap, 3... PKT? 4. QKtl mate. 4 Q--B5
P-,,K7
I <
1I
'The oniy othcr defence besides perc h is m ~ creak ~ n passed pawn, and Exampla 323-325 show the kind of It i s nor so much the number of pawns as the eEetivcness of the passed pawns that dxides the game. The stronger party sceks to queen his 5rst: to avoid perpetual chack, and 10 cvzatc: r~~aiiirgthreats; thc Scfcnder pursues exchanges, endewours to expose the enemy king, and advanccs his own as fast as he paswd With all tho pawns on one ride of the board th~cgame is normaify drawn; but
229
I V QUEEN ENDINGS
if them are wealctlessaq to exploit then 6. QK4 ch. KKtb 7. QK8 ch. KKt2 ihe extra pawn may win. Here the theme 8. QKt8 followed by PKt6 and QQB7. is mating threats, with the additional weapon or xugzwang; whilst the defen322 Stahlberg v. K e r ~Weuhauscn, . d ~b i, d e s the hope of perpetual check, 1953. White's rooks' pawns offer no may also seek. stalemate posi~ons. protection, SO that l a c k can always As in tho basic endings, a common reposition his queen without loss of time srrtltagmis the mnrrallzingofthe qumn. by meam of a %rim of check. First She is very wcak whcn on the edge of BPack removes his king to t h queen's ~ the board, but atmwt my other squarc side. m a y prove good. Note for instance 1 + P-R 5 Black's 3rd movc, Exampfe 322, or his I *ling og White's king, a d ~ r ~ v i d 7th move, Example 330,for in cases the queen helps prevent pewtuaf check. ing an outWst at KKt6 for Hack's queen, thus threatening ta win thc RRP. 321 White's queen both supports 2 (1-K5 V - , 8 7 cb. the advance of the passed pawn and 3 K-RI Q--m prevents yrpetuat check. 4 Q - 4 8 ch. K-Kt4 5 Q,,,,-Q8ch. R-,BS 1 P-QKt4 2 P-Kt5 F---Ki5 Black's KRP i s tabw. for after 6. Q x P ch. ICB6 tAe mating tkma~arc fatal. 6 -2 cR. 6. QQ6 ch. KK6 7.QKt6 ch. KK7, or 6. QX37 ch. KK5 7. QBZ ch. KQ4. 6 ... K -K4 7 Q-HJ ch. K--44 8 +Kt3 ch. K-B3 9 4 . - - 4 3 3 ch. K-,Kt2 10 +Kt7 ch. K-R3 X 1 Q-B3 Q-B8 ~ h . 12 &-It2 Q-A7 ch. 13 K-RI K- .Kt3 White to play White cannot avoid a queen exchange BPack must try and brmk open the or the toss of his KRP. If 14. Q-KS kinx's side. 1 i 2...FR4 3. PKt6 PRt5 4. UB7ch. KRJ 5. PKt7 PR5 6. P x P PR6 7. QU6 ~ h KR2 . 8. PKt8 :::..Q. 3 a-37 ch. K.,-R 1 If 3.. . KKtl 4. PrCtB P x P 5. QKt3
I
I
ch.
4 Q-B8 ch. K-,,-R2 5 QxP. White cannot be prevented from getting his queen back to Che RR2QKt8 diagonal: S... QKt3 6. QQ7 ch. KRI 7. KRI KKtl 8. QB6 QQ1 9. PK16 followcd by #I37 ; or 5... QQW
Black to play
5 MORE PAWNS: MATERIAL ADVANTAGE
(14. QQ3 QK8 ch. 15. KRZ QKt6 ch.)
14... Q....-36ch. IS. K-R2 Q.....-Kt6ch. Black returns the pawn b ~ wins t the nawn-crading because his king is ready io captlrre white's QRP. 8. U t 4 may h played at o m . If 14. PR4 QB8 ch., but not 14... E ... Q--QKt8 P x P?when White stalemates in 2. 9 Q-Kt8 &. ? 14 Q-K8 ~ h . This uselws check is the decisive 15 K-Kt2 +KS ch. error. 9. Q--K5 wins dter 9... Q--R8 16 K-Kt1 Q-QS ch. ch. $0. K-Kt4 P-R6 11. Q-Kt3 White migns, for if 17. KKt2 QQ4 ch. 18. KR2 443 ch. 19. ECKQ 4 1 3 3 ch. exchanging queens. . A +
323 Smbo v. Barcza, Budapest, 1955, When each side has a pass4 pawn the result is determined by who p t s thew Arst, and whether pspetual check can be avoided; and i t may be of little conseqwncc that one player has an
After 10. QR5 QR8 ch. 11. KKU PR6 12. QKt3 PR7 13. KR3 White iwes his passed pawn, 13. .. QB8 ch. 14,KxPQxPcb.
wtl a pawn.
Of the passed pawns Bkack's is the less egwtive W u s e White's king may block it. In thc event Black draws by cornblning the advance of the KKP with thwats of perpetual check. 1 Q - 4 5 ch. K-Rtl 2 P-Kt5 P--R3 3 K-32 Q--Kt7 4w a s P-~4 5 Q-K5 Exchangm, as hcrc 5 Q x P? Q x QP ch,, fa\our the dcfender kcawe they improve his c h a m of pcr~tuaicheck. Xt is however possibb at this moment for White's queen to escort his KtP to the eighth rank, 5. PKtG PR5 6. QQB8 ch. KR2 7. PKt7. Xn practice it is not #[ways easy to cafcuXaie whether prpetual check can I x evaded, but it SO happens that White's king can doggedly make its way to a safe square on the eighth rank. 7... QxQP ch. 8. KRI QR8 A. 9. KQ2 QQ5 ch. 10. KB2 QRS ch. X I . KB3 QR4 ch. 12. KB4 QQ4 E.?. 13. KKt4, etc., and Black cannot yet up the defence of Example 315 becauca the extra pawns obstruct
his q u m .
M i t e to play 10
..+
P-B4
Finely calcr~latotl. 11 4-437 ch. If 11. K xP Q.,.-RI ch. 12. K-Kt3
(better than 12. KKi5 ? QR3 mat el 12... Q-Kt8 ~ h . 13. K-.R3 (13. KIM? QR7 ch.) 13.,. Q-B8 A, withperptual check.
...
fl 12 K x P
K-Kt3
Q-R8 c l ~ . 13 K-Kt3 Q--Kt3 ch. 14 K-R3 Q-R8 ch. Not 14 ... QR8ch.? IS. QRZQB8ch. 16. QKr2 cfi.
IV QUEEN ENDXNGS
I5 K-R2
4-37 ch.
6. Q-Kt7 ch. K-K2 7. P-B4 (if 7. PR7 ? Q x BP 8. PRB -Q Hack has a prperuai check) 7 . . . Q-KB6, and Whitc continues 8. Q-Kt5 ch. 6 Q-K4 Ry this centralizing move Whirc
16 K-R3 17 K-Kt3 18 K-B4 19 P-K4
+R8 ~h. Q-,,Kt8 ch. QxPch. P-,,,Mch. This seals vfl'the w p e ronte via K5. 20 Q x P Q--47 ch. 21 K-Kt3 Q-K8 ch. Drawn.
324 Kotov v. Steiner, Sdtsjohden, 1948. ~ l a c ~pawn s majority, being farther away, is ~ o l e f i t b l lthe ~ mofrc dangerous, and indeed White must avord
improves the position of his qucen, and r h t c n s QR8 ch. followd by PR7.
6
'
a qumn exclrat~gcwhich might ieave him a lost pawn-ending. But White's KRP is
..
K--Kt1 7 Q--KIM P-'84 8 &Kt5 ch. K-R2 If 8+-, KB2 9. QRS c.,. KKtl 10. QK~G ~ 1 %followed . by K R ~ also ; i f 8,., K B ~ 4, Q Q ch, ~ K R ~10, P R QR8 ~ I 3 Q K I ~ch. KU 13. K R ~ .
lCwR4 a h d y dangerouGy advanoed, and after ] 2. PR6 he has a standing threat of The king taka part in a mating QKt7 ch. followed by PR7. attack, a familiar rnaneuvre. in queen endings. 1 P-Kt3 P-R4 2 P-R6 Q-R4 ch. 9 ... +Kt7 3 K-Kt2 (3-434 ch . 10 +K7 ch. By weakening Whitc's pawns Black Not 10. KKS? QR7 ch., ;and Black enhances his prospect$ of prpetual wins. chwk, 10 ... K-Kt3 4 P-B3 Q-47 ~ h . 10... K x P transposes; whiht if 10... 4... Q-K4 js the alternative, when KKtl,or10. KRI 11.KKtS. Whitc may continue 5 . PW,or 5. QQ3, 11 Q-HE8 ch. but not 5. PKP? QB3 6. P W ? PK4 White avoids the trap I f . Q x P ch.? when Black wins because White's quwn QB3 ch, when he loses the pawn-ending. is trapped. I l ... KxP 5 K-R3 Q-B6 12 Q ~ P c f t . K-Kt2 4... Q Y P , continuing the policy of 13 K-Kt5 Q--QW k i n g White's king, gives more c h n c s , There is no saving the game, for the pawns obstruct Black's sueen. 14 Q--P"Ih. K-BI 15 K-Kt6 P-35 cb. 16 P-K4. Black rmigns.
325 van den
Whitc to ptay
1 232
&rg v. Najdurf, Amsterdam, 1950. Whik permits his qumn to be hemmed in, and I31ack creates mating threals with his king, queen, and ~ e n t mpawns. f 1 P-QKt4 Whiic should first antrdize his queen
5 MORE PAWNS: MATERIAL ADVANTAGE 1 1 K-K2 12 Q - 4 1
by 1. QQ4, seizing the cuten's file, and if m w y bImk the KP with his king; when it is not easy for Black to capitalize his material advantap, mpxially as WIB's protected pwed QBP is always to be r ~ k o n c dwith. P- K 6 1 ... 2 Q--K2 Q-KS
i
3 K-R1 - --
--
White is already in trouble. Xf 3. KBI QKt8 ch. 4. QKl QQ6 A. 5. QK2 Q x P 6.Q x KIP he is mated in 3. 3 ... K-113 Q,,--Q5 4 K-,mi Preventing check, and inrending to answer 5. KRI. by QQ7.
P-B5
*Kt7 ch, Black cannot bc induced to exchange qrrwns13 K-B3 Q--B7 ch. 0x KIP ch. -14 -K-Kf4 iJK-R5 Q -44 --except o n his own tc~ms. 16 Q-Kt4. Black m a t s in 4.
336 Cimltea v. Unzicker, Moscow, 1956. Wkite's slightly wakened pawns pcmit Bl~ck'sking to enter. With rooks a draw would bc in order, but with queens Black wins bemuse of the mating threats concocted by hb king and qu@en. I .., K-N3 Dpack's queen is a l m d y centraIizcd, so his next task is to a d w c e the king, in the diractron of KBB. 2 Q-8 ~h. K--I34 3 Q--Q7 ch. K-K5 4 Q-K7 ~ h . K 4 6 5 Q-Q7 cb. K-- K 7 5 Q-K7 ch. Q --K3 'iQ-Kt7 P-I34 % ~ c we have omitted soinc rcpctitious checks.
Whitc to play 5 K-Bi Q-R5 6 K-KI White must not exhang quacns and provide Black with another pass& pawn. 6 Q-- B6 ch. ti... Q x Q ch. leaves a drawn pawn ending, Mite's powerful QBP balancing his rnatcriai disadvantage. Q--B8 ch. 7 K-B1 7... Q x RP is also playable. S +K1 Q-R5 ch. 9 K-Kt1 If 9. QK2 KK4 10. KKI Q36 ch. 11. KBI QxRP. .
9
+
A
...
10 K-Bt
Q--@ K-K4
The KBP serves a triple function. It prwides a strong-point at RS for Black's queen, it protects BIack's king from checks on the KB file, and it b m m c s tho spearhead of the final a ~ ~ i c k . S U--RKtZ ch. Eithtx 8. QKtS ch. KB7 9. QBS ch. QK6, or 8. W K t Z ch. KB6 9. QKt2 ch. MnlpOJB.
8
...
--
--.
K-KO
9 +-Kt2 ACter 9. QKtl ch. KK7 10. QKt2 ch. Black sscaw~the c k . k c by 10. .. K W I 1, QB3 ch. KQ7 1 2. QB4 ch. KK7. 9 Q-Bs 10 Q-R3 ch. Q-46 r I Q-B~ ~ h . K--B6 I 12 Q--B6ch.
2 73
IV QUEEN
327 Avcrbach
v. Suctin, M w w , 1954. Black cannot defend both t h ~ isolatcd pawn and tha mating threats. The win is forced, and not difficult. 1 Q-QS ~ h . K-B2 2 Q--Q'I c b K-Kt 1
3 Q-KG ~ h .
K--R2
4 Q-I37 5 P-Kt3
Q--K5
Q--K7 Q-47 Q--B6 ch.
6 P-K<4 7 K-Kt3 8 K.-R4 9 0-R5 ch.
Black to play A f l u fltc: d ~ f t l 1 ~12. i ~ cQ--K11
Q-45 P-Kt3
Black
breaksup the pawns by 12...P-45, and soon forces a q u a exchange, when the advanced position of his king brings about a winning pawn ending, 13. Px P (13. KR3 KK7 14. QK12 ch. KK8, or 13. QKi2 ch. KK6 14. QKll ch. KQ7 15.BxPQK7ch.) 13 ... Q--Hlch. 14.
K--KI (14. KK3 QM4 ch.) 14... W K 5 15. +Kt5 Q-Kt8 ~ h . 16. K-R2 Q-B7 ch. 17. K-R1. (17. KRJ Q34 ch.) 17 Q-38 ch. IS. K-RZ Q X P
... 12 ...
ch.
Q--U
13 U--B3 ch. Black has indiratly protected hihis KKzP, for if 13. Q x P he mat= in 2. 13 K-B7
...
14 €?---I35 ch. 44 QQZ ch. KR8 transposes. 14
...
35 O--B2ch. I f White guards his KtP by 15. Q37,
then 15... PB5.
If 9.. . KKtl 10, KR5 UQ3 I 1. PKt5. followed by PKt6, with thGats of mate on the back rank, and Rlxk wit1 soon find h i m l f in zugzwang. 10 Q-37 ch. K-R3 11 4-336 K-R2 12 K-Kt5 Q - 4 7 ch. 13 P-B4 PxP 13. Q x P ch. leaves him rt lost pawn
Championship, 1956. Waite's extra pawn is no compensation for Black's QRP. 1 ... Q-Bf With one- finc stroke Black guards his king's side against thrcats of prpetusal
329 Benko v. Biiek, Budapest, 1957. White demonstrates that the bIwked position is not so unassailable as it seems; and the threat of advancing the pas& QKtP determines the result in his favcur.
check, or.even mate, and also f r w his QRP. 2 K-Kt5 As in Examplev 322, 325, and 326, a vital pawn is indirectly protected by mating thrmts, for if 2, fl x P QQJ ch, 3. KKtS KKt2, thmatening matc by PB3 or QK4.
1
...
2 P-R4 White need not hurry, The text-move not only makes a new point of attack,
ending,
Black resigns, for if 15... PB5 ch. 16. PKG, and mate follows.
5 ?dfXE P A W S : POSITIONAX, ADVANTAGE ... P-85. By far the most powerful advantage i s White resigns, for after 20. Q x Q ch. an advanced passed pawn; for the qumn the pawn ending is lost, may bush aside &I opposition and queens. 19
Black to play
*srr
T h i s threatens Q--,KBI-KKtZ-QR8QR6, a remarkable manauvre! I P-R3
...
Q--K7 16 Q--B6 K-B8 cR. 17 K-RJ K-Kt8 I8 Q-R5 ch. Q--B7 19 Q-K3 T h i s &alemate attempt i x the only way of postponing mate or an exchange of 15
White to play
6 MORE PAWNS: POSmONA't ADVANTAGE w r t it to the eighth with alarming speed, Examples 328 and 329. Whcn the pawns arc baalanced one player may have his queen better pfaced, an thc s~vcnth,on the open file, or on a wwerful central square. This advantage daes not always wjn, and may not bea Thesame idm as F m p l c 321, Black's permamnt one if the dcfcnder is ahla to queen both supports the passed pawn offera queen exchange so as to removc and defends the Icing's side. the aggrcssivc queen, or if there are no 8 P-Kt4 P-W specific points of attack. Much depends 9 Q-R5 Q,-Kt7 on the pawn configur~~ion, and as was 10 Q--37 K-Kt l the case with rooks, the factor o f the better queen position is linked with &at A triangulation exhausts the enemy of weak pawns. &cats of perpetual check. The same motifs o m r in t h m cnd11 Q-,,,Q8ch. K-Kt2 ings: mating nets, zugzwang, perpetual X 2 Q--Q4~ h . K-RZ chock, and stalemate; and the idea of 13 Q-I34 Q-Kt3 ch. pPaying for the pawn ending which is so 14 K--,,,,KZ Q-42 frwuenly the outcome of a q w n 15 P X P P,,,-R8.-Q exchange. f l PxPch. PxP. Whik migns. 328 Bannik v. Cbolmov, U.S.S.R.
I
Black's KKtP, but o w a new fine for his qumn, the KR fila 2 ... Q-43 3 PxPch. PxP 4 Q,,,,-Ktl A finesse threatening PKt6, and forcing Black's queen to =treat. 4 ... Q-Kt3 5 Q--KBX P-K5 An attempt at cnunlerplay, perhaps hoping for 6. P x P ? PB5. 6Q-R3 Q--41
235
1V QUEEN ENDINGS
The immediate 7...PKt4 scans more 1 centre of the board there may be mating
So as to answer 8... KQ4 by 9. QKt2 ch. Insread White should play 8. QKtl, threatening the KKtP, and giving the quwn more scope. It was aapparenlly assumed that 8...Q-B6 ch. 9.(1--43 QxQch. 10. KxQK---Q4 11.K,-K3 would leave Biack a won pawn-ending b u s t of his wing majority, but, as shown by Grigoriev, If Btack attmpts to win he loss, e.g. Id ...KBS? 12. KK4 K x P 13. KQS, or l l ... PKt4? 12. PKt4.
Hoping for further excbangm, and chances of perpetual check, White overlooks that even with his king in the
threaxs. Instead, 10. K-K4 resistanm.
offers stout
10 * + . +Kt6 ch. X f K-,,.K4 P-Kt5 XndirwBy guarding the KRP (12.
Q x P QBB mate).
12 Q-K2 White's queen is skewered after 12. KB4 QB6 ch. 13. KKt5 QB3 c3. 14. K x P QRX ch. 12 ... Q x KKtP X 3 @-B4 ~ f i , K-K2 14 Q-B8 Q-B6 ~ h . XS K-K5 Q--B3 ch. 16 K-,-QS Q--Q3 ~ h . White resigns, for the quells arc forced OKAn objc~tlesson of.the med for the correct evaluation of ihe pawn ending$ which may come about.
