The 2002 World Market Forecasts for Imported Maté
By Professor Philip M. Parker, Ph. D. Eli Lilly Professor of Innovation, Business and Society INSEAD (Singapore & Fontainebleau, France)
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About the Author Dr. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chaired Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD where he has taught courses on multivariate statistics and global competitive strategy since 1988. He has also taught courses at MIT, Stanford University, Harvard University, UCLA, UCSD, and the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. He is the author of six books on the economic convergence of nations. These books introduce the notion of “physioeconomics” which foresees a lack of global convergence in economic behaviors due to physiological and physiographic forces. His latest book is "Physioeconomics: The Basis for Long-Run Economic Growth" (MIT Press 2000). He has also published numerous articles in academic journals, including The Rand Journal of Economics, Marketing Science, the Journal of International Business Studies, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, International Journal of Forecasting, the European Management Journal, the European Journal of Operational Research, Journal of Marketing, International Journal of Research in Marketing, and Journal of Marketing Research. He is also on the editorial boards of several academic journals. Dr. Parker received his Ph.D. in Business Economics from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and has Masters degrees in Finance and Banking (University of Aix-Marseille) and Managerial Economics (Wharton). His undergraduate degrees are in mathematics, biology and economics (minor in aeronautical engineering). He has consulted and/or taught courses in Africa, the Middle East, Asia, Latin America, North America and Europe.
About this Series This series was created for international firms who rely on foreign export markets for a substantial portion of their business or who might be threatened by foreign trade competition. The estimates given in this report were created using a methodology developed by and under the direct supervision of Professor Philip M. Parker, the Eli Lilly Chaired Professor of Innovation, Business and Society, at INSEAD. The methodology, relying on historical figures of economic growth and trade flows, estimates the market shares of some 150 countries for over 500 industrial or product categories. The figures should be seen as market estimates, as opposed to historical records, as these are projected for the current year of trade.
Acknowledgements Some of the methodologies and research approaches used in this report have benefited from the R&D Committee at INSEAD, whose research support is gratefully acknowledged. Additional editorial assistance from Tiffany LaRochelle, ICON Group International, Inc., is also acknowledged.
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About ICON Group Ltd. ICON Group Ltd.’s primary mission is to assist managers with their international information needs. U.S.-owned and operated, ICON Group has field offices in Paris, Hong Kong and Lomé, Togo (West Africa). Created in 1994, ICON Group has published hundreds of multi-client databases, and global/regional market data, industry and country publications. Global/Regional Management Studies. Summarizing over 190 countries, management studies are generally organized into regional volumes and cover key management functions. The human resource series covers minimum wages, child labor, unionization and collective bargaining. The international law series covers media control and censorship, search and seizure, and trial justice and punishment. The diversity management series covers a variety of environmental context drivers that effect global operations. These include women’s rights, children’s rights, discrimination/racism, and religious forces and risks. Global strategic planning studies cover economic risk assessments, political risk assessments, foreign direct investment strategy, intellectual property strategy, and export strategies. Financial management studies cover taxes and tariffs. Global marketing studies focus on target segments (e.g. seniors, children, women) and strategic marketing planning. Country Studies. Often managers need an in-depth, yet broad and up-to-date understanding of a country’s strategic market potential and situation before the first field trip or investment proposal. There are over 190 country studies available. Each study consists of analysis, statistics, forecasts, and information of relevance to managers. The studies are continually updated to insure that the reports have the most relevant information available. In addition to raw information, the reports provide relevant analyses which put a more general perspective on a country (seen in the context of relative performance vis-à-vis benchmarks). Industry Studies. Companies are racing to become more international, if not global in their strategies. For over 2000 product/industry categories, these reports give the reader a concise summary of latent market forecasts, pro-forma financials, import competition profiles, contacts, key references and trends across 200 countries of the world. Some reports focus on a particular product and region (up to four regions per product), while others focus on a product within a particular country. ICON Group Customer Service 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Tel: 1-858-546-4340 Fax: 1-858-546-4341 E-mail:
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Contents
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Table of Contents 1
METHODOLOGY & EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 1.2 1.3
2
AFRICA: MATÉ IMPORTS IN 2002 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5
3
Executive Summary India Japan Malaysia Singapore Taiwan
EUROPE: MATÉ IMPORTS IN 2002 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17
5
Executive Summary Mauritius Mozambique Nigeria South Africa
ASIA: MATÉ IMPORTS IN 2002 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6
4
Our Approach The World Market: Imported Maté in 2002 The World Market: Maté Export Supplies in 2002
Executive Summary Austria Belgium Czech Republic France Germany Hungary Ireland Italy Netherlands Poland Portugal Russia Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom
LATIN AMERICA: MATÉ IMPORTS IN 2002 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11
Executive Summary Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Ecuador Honduras Mexico Paraguay Peru Uruguay
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7 7 9 12
14 14 15 15 16 16
17 17 18 19 19 19 20
21 21 22 23 23 23 24 24 24 25 25 25 26 26 26 27 27 27
28 28 29 30 30 30 31 31 31 32 32 32
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34 36 36 36 37
38
Executive Summary Australia
38 39
THE MIDDLE EAST: MATÉ IMPORTS IN 2002 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6
9
34
Executive Summary Canada Cuba Trinidad and Tobago United States
OCEANA: MATÉ IMPORTS IN 2002 7.1 7.2
8
33
N. AMERICA & CARIBBEAN: MATÉ IMPORTS IN 2002 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5
7
Venezuela
40
Executive Summary Israel Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic United Arab Emirates
40 41 42 42 42 43
DISCLAIMERS, WARRANTEES, AND USER AGREEMENT PROVISIONS 9.1 9.2
Disclaimers & Safe Harbor ICON Group Ltd. User Agreement Provisions
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44 44 45
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Maté
1 1.1
7
METHODOLOGY & EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OUR APPROACH
This report was created for strategic planners, international marketing executives and export managers whose primary concern is the world market for maté. With the globalization of this market, managers can no longer be contented with a local view. Nor can managers be contented with out-of-date statistics that appear several years after the fact. I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for maté for those firms serving the world via exports and foreign direct investment. It does so for the current year based on a variety of key historical indicators and econometric models. In what follows, this report begins by summarizing the world exporter’s market for maté. The total level of exports on a worldwide basis is based on a model that aggregates across over 150 key country markets and projects these to the current year. From there, each country represents a percent of the world market. This market is served from a number of competitive countries of origin. Based on supply-side dynamics, market shares by country of origin are then calculated across each country market. These shares lead to a volume of import values for each country and are aggregated to regional and world totals. In doing so, we are able to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of both the value of each market and the shares that competitors (countries serving that market) are likely to receive this year. From these figures, world rankings are calculated to allow managers to prioritise markets. In this way, all the figures provided in this report are forecasts that can be combined with internal information for strategic planning purposes. Of the 150 countries considered, if a country is not reported here it is therefore estimated to have only a negligible level of trade in maté (i.e. their market shares are close or equal to zero percent). "Maté" as a category is defined in this report following the definition given by the United Nations Statistics Division Classification Registry using the Standard International Trade Classification, Revision 3 (SITC, Rev. 3). The SITC code that defined "maté" is 0742. For more information on this definition, please refer to the following web site: http://esa.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regcs.asp?Cl=14&Lg=1&Co=074. This report is updated on an annual basis. To ensure that you have the most current version, please check the web site of ICON Group at www.icongrouponline.com, or call us in the USA at 858-546-4340. Important Caveat. The figures should be seen as market estimates, as opposed to historical records, as these are forecasted for the current year of trade. More importantly, in light of the fact that unforeseeable factors might interrupt markets in achieving their reported levels, the figures should be seen as estimates of potential. For example, "mad cow" disease, foot-and-mouth disease, trade embargoes, military conflicts, acts of terrorism and other events will certainly affect the actual trade flows recorded for a variety of industry or product categories. In such cases, the difference between the numbers given in this report and the numbers actually observed www.icongrouponline.com
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Maté
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might be interpreted as the "net loss" or "net gain" due to these exogenous events affecting regular trade flows that would have occurred had these events not have taken place. Related Reports. This report was created for the world market for maté. Closely related reports published by ICON Group include the following: · · · · · · · · ·
The 2002 World Market Forecasts for Imported Chocolate and Other Cocoa-Based Food Preparations The 2002 World Market Forecasts for Imported Coffee The 2002 World Market Forecasts for Imported Coffee and Chicory Extracts, Essences, and Concentrates The 2002 World Market Forecasts for Imported Coffee and Coffee Substitutes The 2002 World Market Forecasts for Imported Manufactures of Coffee, Tea, Cocoa, and Spices The 2002 World Market Forecasts for Imported Maté The 2002 World Market Forecasts for Imported Spices The 2002 World Market Forecasts for Imported Tea The 2002 World Market Forecasts for Imported Tea and Maté
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THE WORLD MARKET: IMPORTED MATÉ IN 2002
The following tables and graphs summarize the world markets for exporters of maté for the year 2002.
The World Exporters' Market for Imported Maté: 2002 Region
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% of World
Cumulative %
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
42,215 15,566 2,492 1,763 1,746 494 460 64,736
65.21 24.05 3.85 2.72 2.70 0.76 0.71 100.00
65.21 89.26 93.11 95.83 98.53 99.29 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Latin America The Middle East Africa N. America & Caribbean Europe Asia Oceana Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
The World Exporters' Market for Imported Maté: 2002
The Middle East N. America & Africa Caribbean Europe Asia Latin America Oceana
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Target Markets for Imported Maté: 2002 Target Market
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% of World
Cumulative %
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
30,601 13,654 7,128 3,447 2,238 1,726 1,486 734 548 460 297 280 207 196 185 164 134 129 112 108 103 88 85 67 62 57 54 51 51 49 41 24 24 24 16 106 64,736
47.27 21.09 11.01 5.32 3.46 2.67 2.30 1.13 0.85 0.71 0.46 0.43 0.32 0.30 0.29 0.25 0.21 0.20 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.14 0.13 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.16 100.00
47.27 68.36 79.37 84.70 88.15 90.82 93.12 94.25 95.10 95.81 96.27 96.70 97.02 97.32 97.61 97.86 98.07 98.27 98.44 98.61 98.77 98.90 99.03 99.14 99.23 99.32 99.40 99.48 99.56 99.64 99.70 99.74 99.77 99.81 99.84 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Uruguay Syrian Arab Republic Chile Brazil Mozambique Lebanon United States Argentina Germany Australia Spain Japan Canada Nigeria Italy France India Austria United Kingdom Paraguay Switzerland Israel United Arab Emirates Russia Bolivia Trinidad and Tobago Venezuela Mexico South Africa Poland Taiwan Czech Republic Malaysia Sweden Netherlands Other Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
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Target Markets for Imported Maté: 2002 Syrian Arab Republic
Chile Brazil Mozam bique Other
Uruguay
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THE WORLD MARKET: MATÉ EXPORT SUPPLIES IN 2002 Competition for the World Market for Maté by Country of Origin: 2002
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
Brazil Argentina South Africa Uruguay United States Germany Paraguay United Kingdom Indonesia India China St. Kitts and Nevis Peru Pakistan Spain Malaysia Guatemala Thailand Italy Lebanon Japan Chile France Sweden Total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
33,118 26,664 2,245 557 470 455 415 209 134 96 89 74 66 25 24 23 14 13 8 8 8 8 8 5 64,736
51.16 41.19 3.47 0.86 0.73 0.70 0.64 0.32 0.21 0.15 0.14 0.11 0.10 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 100.00
51.16 92.35 95.82 96.68 97.40 98.10 98.75 99.07 99.28 99.42 99.56 99.68 99.78 99.82 99.85 99.89 99.91 99.93 99.94 99.96 99.97 99.98 99.99 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
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Competition for the World Market for Maté by Country of Origin: 2002 Argentina South Africa Uruguay United States Other
Brazil
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14
AFRICA: MATÉ IMPORTS IN 2002
2.1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The following tables and graphs summarize the exporters' markets in Africa for imported maté:
Target Markets for Imported Maté in Africa: 2002 Target Market
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% of Africa
Cumulative %
1 2 3 4
2,238 196 51 7 2,492
89.81 7.87 2.05 0.28 100.00
89.81 97.67 99.72 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mozambique Nigeria South Africa Mauritius Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
Target Markets for Imported Maté in Africa: 2002
Nigeria South Africa Mauritius Mozam bique
Competition in Africa for Imported Maté by Country of Origin: 2002 Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1 2 3
2,245 196 51 2,492
90.09 7.87 2.05 100.00
90.09 97.95 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
South Africa United Kingdom Germany Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
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Competition in Africa for Imported Maté by Country of Origin: 2002
United Kingdom Germany South Africa
2.2
MAURITIUS Imported Maté in Mauritius, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1
7 7
100.00 100.00
100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
South Africa Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
2.3
MOZAMBIQUE Imported Maté in Mozambique, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1
2,238 2,238
100.00 100.00
100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
South Africa Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
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NIGERIA Imported Maté in Nigeria, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1
196 196
100.00 100.00
100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
United Kingdom Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
2.5
SOUTH AFRICA Imported Maté in South Africa, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1
51 51
100.00 100.00
100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Germany Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
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17
ASIA: MATÉ IMPORTS IN 2002
3.1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The following tables and graphs summarize the exporters' markets in Asia for imported maté:
Target Markets for Imported Maté in Asia: 2002 Target Market
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% of Asia
Cumulative %
1 2 3 4 5
280 134 41 24 15 494
56.68 27.13 8.30 4.86 3.04 100.00
56.68 83.81 92.11 96.96 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Japan India Taiwan Malaysia Singapore Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
Target Markets for Imported Maté in Asia: 2002 India Taiw an Malaysia Singapore
Japan
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Competition in Asia for Imported Maté by Country of Origin: 2002 Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
134 90 89 70 54 37 15 5 494
27.13 18.22 18.02 14.17 10.93 7.49 3.04 1.01 100.00
27.13 45.34 63.36 77.53 88.46 95.95 98.99 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Indonesia Brazil China Argentina United States Germany Malaysia Sweden Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
Competition in Asia for Imported Maté by Country of Origin: 2002 China
Argentina United States
Brazil
Other
Indonesia
3.2
INDIA Imported Maté in India, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1
134 134
100.00 100.00
100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Indonesia Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
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JAPAN Imported Maté in Japan, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1 2 3 4 5 6
89 83 54 37 12 5 280
31.79 29.64 19.29 13.21 4.29 1.79 100.00
31.79 61.43 80.71 93.93 98.21 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
China Brazil United States Germany Argentina Sweden Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
3.4
MALAYSIA Imported Maté in Malaysia, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1
24 24
100.00 100.00
100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Argentina Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
3.5
SINGAPORE Imported Maté in Singapore, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1
15 15
100.00 100.00
100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Malaysia Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
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TAIWAN Imported Maté in Taiwan, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1 2
34 7 41
82.93 17.07 100.00
82.93 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Argentina Brazil Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
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EUROPE: MATÉ IMPORTS IN 2002
4.1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The following tables and graphs summarize the exporters' markets in Europe for imported maté:
Target Markets for Imported Maté in Europe: 2002 Target Market
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% of Europe
Cumulative %
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
548 297 185 164 129 112 103 67 49 24 24 16 9 9 5 5 1,746
31.39 17.01 10.60 9.39 7.39 6.41 5.90 3.84 2.81 1.37 1.37 0.92 0.52 0.52 0.29 0.29 100.00
31.39 48.40 58.99 68.38 75.77 82.19 88.09 91.92 94.73 96.11 97.48 98.40 98.91 99.43 99.71 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Germany Spain Italy France Austria United Kingdom Switzerland Russia Poland Czech Republic Sweden Netherlands Hungary Belgium Portugal Ireland Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
Target Markets for Imported Maté in Europe: 2002 Italy
France Austria
Spain Other
Germ any
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Competition in Europe for Imported Maté by Country of Origin: 2002 Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
640 569 336 75 56 36 8 8 8 5 5 1,746
36.66 32.59 19.24 4.30 3.21 2.06 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.29 0.29 100.00
36.66 69.24 88.49 92.78 95.99 98.05 98.51 98.97 99.43 99.71 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Brazil Argentina Germany Uruguay Peru Paraguay Chile France Italy United Kingdom United States Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
Competition in Europe for Imported Maté by Country of Origin: 2002 Germ any Uruguay
Argentina
Peru Other
Brazil
4.2
AUSTRIA Imported Maté in Austria, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1
129 129
100.00 100.00
100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Germany Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
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BELGIUM Imported Maté in Belgium, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1
9 9
100.00 100.00
100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Germany Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
4.4
CZECH REPUBLIC Imported Maté in Czech Republic, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1
24 24
100.00 100.00
100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Germany Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
4.5
FRANCE Imported Maté in France, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1 2 3
118 41 5 164
71.95 25.00 3.05 100.00
71.95 96.95 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Brazil Argentina Germany Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
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GERMANY Imported Maté in Germany, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1 2 3 4
485 31 24 8 548
88.50 5.66 4.38 1.46 100.00
88.50 94.16 98.54 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Brazil Paraguay Argentina Italy Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
4.7
HUNGARY Imported Maté in Hungary, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1
9 9
100.00 100.00
100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Argentina Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
4.8
IRELAND Imported Maté in Ireland, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1
5 5
100.00 100.00
100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
United Kingdom Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
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ITALY Imported Maté in Italy, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1 2 3
144 22 19 185
77.84 11.89 10.27 100.00
77.84 89.73 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Argentina Germany Uruguay Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
4.10
NETHERLANDS Imported Maté in Netherlands, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1 2
9 7 16
56.25 43.75 100.00
56.25 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Germany Brazil Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
4.11
POLAND Imported Maté in Poland, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1 2 3
27 17 5 49
55.10 34.69 10.20 100.00
55.10 89.80 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Argentina Germany Paraguay Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
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PORTUGAL Imported Maté in Portugal, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1
5 5
100.00 100.00
100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Argentina Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
4.13
RUSSIA Imported Maté in Russia, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1 2
59 8 67
88.06 11.94 100.00
88.06 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Argentina Germany Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
4.14
SPAIN Imported Maté in Spain, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1 2 3 4 5
209 56 19 8 5 297
70.37 18.86 6.40 2.69 1.68 100.00
70.37 89.23 95.62 98.32 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Argentina Uruguay Brazil France Germany Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
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Ó2002 ICON Group Ltd.
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27
SWEDEN Imported Maté in Sweden, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1 2 3
11 8 5 24
45.83 33.33 20.83 100.00
45.83 79.17 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Brazil Chile United States Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
4.16
SWITZERLAND Imported Maté in Switzerland, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1 2
89 14 103
86.41 13.59 100.00
86.41 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Germany Argentina Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
4.17
UNITED KINGDOM Imported Maté in United Kingdom, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1 2 3
56 37 19 112
50.00 33.04 16.96 100.00
50.00 83.04 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Peru Argentina Germany Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
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28
LATIN AMERICA: MATÉ IMPORTS IN 2002
5.1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The following tables and graphs summarize the exporters' markets in Latin America for imported maté:
Target Markets for Imported Maté in Latin America: 2002 Target Market
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% of Latin America
Cumulative %
72.49 16.88 8.17 1.74 0.26 0.15 0.13 0.12 0.03 0.03 0.01 100.00
72.49 89.37 97.54 99.28 99.53 99.68 99.81 99.93 99.96 99.99 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Uruguay Chile Brazil Argentina Paraguay Bolivia Venezuela Mexico Honduras Peru Ecuador Total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
30,601 7,128 3,447 734 108 62 54 51 14 11 5 42,215
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
Target Markets for Imported Maté in Latin America: 2002 Chile
Brazil Argentina Paraguay Other
Uruguay
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Competition in Latin America for Imported Maté by Country of Origin: 2002 Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1 2 3 4 5 6
32,147 9,693 289 47 25 14 42,215
76.15 22.96 0.68 0.11 0.06 0.03 100.00
76.15 99.11 99.80 99.91 99.97 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Brazil Argentina Uruguay United States Paraguay Guatemala Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
Competition in Latin America for Imported Maté by Country of Origin: 2002 Argentina Uruguay United States Paraguay Other
Brazil
5.2
ARGENTINA Imported Maté in Argentina, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1 2 3 4
419 243 47 25 734
57.08 33.11 6.40 3.41 100.00
57.08 90.19 96.59 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Brazil Uruguay United States Paraguay Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
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BOLIVIA Imported Maté in Bolivia, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1
62 62
100.00 100.00
100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Argentina Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
5.4
BRAZIL Imported Maté in Brazil, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1
3,447 3,447
100.00 100.00
100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Argentina Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
5.5
CHILE Imported Maté in Chile, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1 2
3,771 3,357 7,128
52.90 47.10 100.00
52.90 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Brazil Argentina Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
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ECUADOR Imported Maté in Ecuador, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1
5 5
100.00 100.00
100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Brazil Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
5.7
HONDURAS Imported Maté in Honduras, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1
14 14
100.00 100.00
100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Guatemala Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
5.8
MEXICO Imported Maté in Mexico, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1
51 51
100.00 100.00
100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Argentina Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
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PARAGUAY Imported Maté in Paraguay, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1 2
62 46 108
57.41 42.59 100.00
57.41 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Argentina Uruguay Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
5.10
PERU Imported Maté in Peru, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1
11 11
100.00 100.00
100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Argentina Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
5.11
URUGUAY Imported Maté in Uruguay, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1 2
27,952 2,649 30,601
91.34 8.66 100.00
91.34 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Brazil Argentina Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
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VENEZUELA Imported Maté in Venezuela, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1
54 54
100.00 100.00
100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Argentina Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
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34
N. AMERICA & CARIBBEAN: MATÉ IMPORTS IN 2002
6.1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The following tables and graphs summarize the exporters' markets in N. America & Caribbean for imported maté:
Target Markets for Imported Maté in N. America & Caribbean: 2002 Target Market
Rank
Value (000 US$) % of N. America & Caribbean
Cumulative %
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
United States Canada Trinidad and Tobago Cuba Total
1 2 3 4
1,486 207 57 13 1,763
84.29 11.74 3.23 0.74 100.00
84.29 96.03 99.26 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
Target Markets for Imported Maté in N. America & Caribbean: 2002
Canada Trinidad and Tobago Cuba United States
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Competition in N. America & Caribbean for Imported Maté by Country of Origin: 2002 Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
Argentina Paraguay Brazil Uruguay India St. Kitts and Nevis United States Germany Spain Peru Malaysia United Kingdom Japan Total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
807 266 226 140 96 74 70 26 24 10 8 8 8 1,763
45.77 15.09 12.82 7.94 5.45 4.20 3.97 1.47 1.36 0.57 0.45 0.45 0.45 100.00
45.77 60.86 73.68 81.62 87.07 91.26 95.24 96.71 98.07 98.64 99.09 99.55 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
Competition in N. America & Caribbean for Imported Maté by Country of Origin: 2002 Brazil Paraguay
Uruguay India Other
Argentina
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CANADA Imported Maté in Canada, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1 2 3 4 5
102 45 39 13 8 207
49.28 21.74 18.84 6.28 3.86 100.00
49.28 71.01 89.86 96.14 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Argentina Paraguay Uruguay United States Japan Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
6.3
CUBA Imported Maté in Cuba, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1
13 13
100.00 100.00
100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Spain Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
6.4
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Imported Maté in Trinidad and Tobago, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1
57 57
100.00 100.00
100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
United States Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
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UNITED STATES Imported Maté in United States, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
Argentina Brazil Paraguay Uruguay India St. Kitts and Nevis Germany Spain Peru United Kingdom Malaysia Total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
705 226 221 101 96 74 26 11 10 8 8 1,486
47.44 15.21 14.87 6.80 6.46 4.98 1.75 0.74 0.67 0.54 0.54 100.00
47.44 62.65 77.52 84.32 90.78 95.76 97.51 98.25 98.92 99.46 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
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Ó2002 ICON Group Ltd.
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38
OCEANA: MATÉ IMPORTS IN 2002
7.1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The following tables and graphs summarize the exporters' markets in Oceana for imported maté:
Target Markets for Imported Maté in Oceana: 2002 Target Market
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% of Oceana
Cumulative %
1
460 460
100.00 100.00
100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Australia Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
Competition in Oceana for Imported Maté by Country of Origin: 2002 Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1 2 3 4 5
294 90 53 15 8 460
63.91 19.57 11.52 3.26 1.74 100.00
63.91 83.48 95.00 98.26 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
United States Argentina Uruguay Brazil Lebanon Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
Competition in Oceana for Imported Maté by Country of Origin: 2002 Argentina Uruguay Brazil Lebanon
United States
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AUSTRALIA Imported Maté in Australia, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1 2 3 4 5
294 90 53 15 8 460
63.91 19.57 11.52 3.26 1.74 100.00
63.91 83.48 95.00 98.26 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
United States Argentina Uruguay Brazil Lebanon Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
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Ó2002 ICON Group Ltd.
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40
THE MIDDLE EAST: MATÉ IMPORTS IN 2002
8.1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The following tables and graphs summarize the exporters' markets in The Middle East for imported maté:
Target Markets for Imported Maté in The Middle East: 2002 Target Market
Rank
Value (000 US$) % of The Middle East
Cumulative %
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Syrian Arab Republic Lebanon Israel United Arab Emirates Saudi Arabia Total
1 2 3 4 5
13,654 1,726 88 85 13 15,566
87.72 11.09 0.57 0.55 0.08 100.00
87.72 98.81 99.37 99.92 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
Target Markets for Imported Maté in The Middle East: 2002
Lebanon Israel United Arab Em irates Syrian Arab Republic
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Saudi Arabia
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Competition in The Middle East for Imported Maté by Country of Origin: 2002 Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1 2 3 4 5
15,435 88 25 13 5 15,566
99.16 0.57 0.16 0.08 0.03 100.00
99.16 99.72 99.88 99.97 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Argentina Paraguay Pakistan Thailand Germany Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
Competition in The Middle East for Imported Maté by Country of Origin: 2002
Paraguay Pakistan Thailand
Argentina
Germany
8.2
ISRAEL Imported Maté in Israel, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1
88 88
100.00 100.00
100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Argentina Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
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LEBANON Imported Maté in Lebanon, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1 2
1,721 5 1,726
99.71 0.29 100.00
99.71 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Argentina Germany Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
8.4
SAUDI ARABIA Imported Maté in Saudi Arabia, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1
13 13
100.00 100.00
100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thailand Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
8.5
SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC Imported Maté in Syrian Arab Republic, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1 2
13,566 88 13,654
99.36 0.64 100.00
99.36 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Argentina Paraguay Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
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UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Imported Maté in United Arab Emirates, 2002 (Structure of Foreign Import Competition)
Country of Origin
Rank
Value (000 US$)
% Share
Cumulative %
1 2
60 25 85
70.59 29.41 100.00
70.59 100.00 100.00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Argentina Pakistan Total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com
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44
DISCLAIMERS, WARRANTEES, AND USER AGREEMENT PROVISIONS DISCLAIMERS & SAFE HARBOR
Summary disclaimer. This publication ("Report") does not constitute legal, valuation, tax, or financial consulting advice. Nor is it a statement on the performance, management capability or future potential (good or bad) of the company(ies), industry(ies), product(s), region(s), city(ies) or country(ies) ("Topics") discussed. It is offered as an information service to clients, associates, and academicians. Those interested in specific guidance for legal, strategic, and/or financial or accounting matters should seek competent professional assistance from their own advisors. Information was furnished to ICON Group Ltd. ("ICON Group"), and its subsidiaries (ICON Group International, Inc.), by its internal researchers and/or extracted from public filings, or sources available within the public domain, including other information providers (e.g. EDGAR filings, national organizations and international organizations). 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Smith, Director of SEC's Office of Investor Education and Assistance, "Never, ever, make an investment based solely on what you read in an online newsletter or Internet bulletin board, especially if the investment involves a small, thinly-traded company that isn't well known … Assume that the information about these companies is not trustworthy unless you can prove otherwise through your own independent research." Similar recommendations apply to decisions relating to industry studies, product category studies, corporate strategies discussions and country evaluations. In the case of ICON Group reports, many factors can affect the actual outcome of the period discussed, including exchange rate volatility, changes in accounting standards, the lack of oversight or comparability in accounting standards, changes in economic conditions, changes in competition, changes in the global economy, changes in source data quality, changes in reported data quality, changes in methodology and similar factors. Information Accuracy. Although the statements in this report are derived from or based upon various information sources and/or econometric models that ICON Group believes to be reliable, we do not guarantee their accuracy, reliability, quality, any such information, or resulting analyses, may be incomplete, rounded, inaccurate or condensed. All estimates included in this report are subject to change without notice. This report is for informational purposes only and is not intended as a recommendation to invest in a city, country, industry or product area, or an offer or solicitation with respect to the purchase or sale of a security, stock, or financial instrument. This report does not take into account the investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs of any particular person or legal entity. With respect to any specific Topic that might be discussed in this report, investors should obtain individual financial advice based on their own particular circumstances before making an investment decision on the basis of the information in this report. Investing in either U.S. or non-U.S. securities or markets entails inherent risks. In addition,
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exchange rate movements may have an effect on the reliability of the estimates provided in this report. ICON Group is not a registered Investment Adviser or a Broker/Dealer.
9.2
ICON GROUP LTD. USER AGREEMENT PROVISIONS
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[email protected]. Sources: This report was prepared from a variety of sources including excerpts from documents and official reports or databases published by the World Bank, the U.S. Department of Commerce, the U.S. State Department, various national agencies, the International Monetary Fund, the Central Intelligence Agency, the United Nations, ICON Group International, Inc. and ICON Group Ltd.
END
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