Учебно-методические указания по развитию навыков устной речи на английском языке для студентов отделения заочного обучения. Часть I

Министерство образования Российской Федерации РОСТОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

УЧЕБНО- МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ по развитию навыков устной речи на английском языке для студентов отделения заочного обучения Часть I

г. Ростов- на -Дону 2002

Учебно-методические указания обсуждены и утверждены на заседании кафедры английского языка гуманитарных факультетов РГУ Протокол N 7 от 15.012002 г. Cоставители : преп. Млодзинская Н. В., преп. Постукян М. М. Ответственный редактор : доц. Павлова Н. М.

Методическая записка Данные учебно- методические материалы предназначены для студентов отделения заочного обучения. Они могут быть использованы как для работы в группах дневного обучения, так и отдельными студентами с различным уровнем подготовки. Учебно- методическая разработка охватывает пять тем: “О себе”, “Ростовский университет”, “Великобритания”, “США”, “Город”. Темы составлены по единой структуре: текст, тематический словарь, упражнения для отработки техники чтения, языковые и речевые упражнения. Вся система заданий направлена на развитие у студентов навыков диалогической и монологической речи на английском языке.

UNIT I ABOUT MYSELF • I Прочитайте следующие интернациональные слова и постарайтесь понять их значения: [ ju:ni’v :siti ] University (n) [ ‘f k ( ) lti ] faculty (n) [‘k mf t bl] comfortable (adj) [‘telifoun] telephone (n) [‘d kt ] doctor (n) [‘h spitl] hospital (n) [i:’k n mist ] economist (n) [‘hist( )ri ] history (n) [‘intrist ] interest (n) [‘sekr tri ] secretary (n) [ig’z mi’nei ( )n ] examination (n) • 2 Запомните следующие слова: be born (v) move to (v) housewife (n) block of flats private house modern conveniences central heating electricity (n) gas (n) running water rubbish chute (n) working day week- days (n) get up (v) do morning exercises make one’s bed clean one’s teeth wash (oneself ) (v) take a shower have a bath dress (oneself ) (v) brush one’s hair have breakfast (dinner, supper) be late for work/classes It takes me ... to get to ... leave the house

родиться переезжать домохозяйка многоквартирный дом частный дом современные удобства отопление электричество газ водопровод мусоропровод рабочий день будние дни вставать (утром) делать утреннюю зарядку убирать постель чистить зубы умываться принимать душ принимать ванную одеваться причесываться завтракать (обедать, ужинать) опаздывать на работу/занятия Мне требуется (необходимо)… чтобы добраться до … уходить из дома

get (go) by bus/tram, trolley-bus go on foot be over correspondence department attend lectures (classes) term (n) take examination (credit tests) pass exams a.m.- лат. Ante meridiem p.m. - лат. Post meridiem

добираться / ехать автобусом, трамваем, троллейбусом идти пешком заканчиваться / быть оконченным заочное отделение посещать лекции (занятия) семестр сдавать экзамены (зачеты) сдать экзамен до полудня пополудни

• 3 Прочитайте текст вслух и переведите его. My name is Sveta Ivanova. I am 18 years old. I was born in Volgograd. Two years ago our family moved to Rostov-on - Don where I live now with my parents. My family is not very large. We are only four: my mother, my younger sister and me. My father is a doctor, he works at a hospital. My mother is a housewife. She has much work to do about the house. My younger sister is a pupil of the ninth form. Her name is Alla. She does well at school and gets only good and excellent marks. Alla wants to become an economist. Our family live in a new nine-storeyed block of flats in Pushkin Street. Our flat is on the second floor. It is very comfortable and has all modern conveniences: central heating, electricity, gas, running water, rubbish chute and telephone. I studied at school in Rostov. Last year I finished school number fifty. We studied many different subjects at school. My favourite subject was History. I always did well at school and learned with great interest. I also attended sport sections and subject circles. I had many friends there. Now I am a first-year student of the correspondence department. I study at the Economics Faculty of Rostov State University and work at a plant as a secretary. I attend lectures and practical classes. At the end of each term we take examinations and credit tests. So I must work hard to pass exams successfully. My working day begins early in the morning. On week-days I usually get up at 7 o’clock. I make my bed and do my morning exercises. Then I go to the bathroom where I clean my teeth and wash myself. If I have enough time I take a cold and hot shower. After having a bath I go back to my room where I dress myself and brush my hair. In ten minutes I am ready for breakfast. It may be a cup of tea or coffee and a sandwich. After breakfast I go to work. I don’t want to be late, that’s why I leave the house at 7.30. As I live not very far from the plant it takes me half an hour to get there. I usually get there by bus or tram. At noon I have a break and go to the plant canteen to have dinner. My work is over at 5 p.m. In the evening I do my homework. Sometimes I go to the library to get ready for my practical classes or to write a report. As a rule I have no free time on my week-days. At about eleven at night I go to bed.

• 4 Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов: первокурсник много работать; работа по дому делать домашнее задание учиться, изучать ходить в библиотеку любимый предмет ложиться спать успешно иметь перерыв получать хорошие отметки • 5 Дайте русские эквиваленты следующих выражений: serve in the army be married free time be single consist of private house canteen come back from work • 6 Вставьте английские слова вместо русских эквивалентов в скобках: 1) He ( родился ) in 1975. 2) He ( живет ) in Bataisk. 3) She ( окончила школу ) number five. 4) She ( работает ) at a bank. 5) I haven’t got ( своей собственной семьи)ю 6) My family (состоит из ) four persons. 7) My father (работает инженером ). 8) I live a in (пятиэтажном доме ) in Suvorov Street. 9) My flat is ( на третьем этаже ). 10) I usually ( встаю ) at 7 o’clock. 11) I have a cheese sandwich with tea ( на завтрак ). 12) ( Мне необходимо/требуется ) forty minutes to get to my work. 13) I ( ложусь спать ) at midnight. • 7 Составьте предложения: 1) Name, is, friend’s, Nick, my. 2) Bank, she, at, a, works. 3) Family, and, mother, my, consists, me, of, our. 4) House, in, family, a, his, lives, private. 5) Finished, 1995, I, in, school. 6) University, the, studies, at, now, Helen. • 8 Переведите следующие тексты на английский язык: 1. Меня зовут Михаил. Мне почти 20 лет. Я студент первого курса Ростовского Университета. Я хочу стать юристом. Я родился в Краснодаре в семье врача. Мой отец- детский врач, а мать- медсестра. Я закончил школу N 7 в Краснодаре и уехал к бабушке в Ростов. Летом я обычно езжу к родителям. Я не женат пока, но собираюсь жениться через год. У меня есть девушка. Она тоже студентка университета.

2. У моего брата большая семья. Он живет вместе с тестем и тещей. Кроме того, у него трое детей. Его жена Ирина не работает. Она домохозяйка. Ее родители- пенсионеры. Им обоим по 75 лет. Старший сын брата- школьник. Он ученик второго класса. Две младшие дочери- близнецы. Им по 5 лет. Они ходят в детский сад. Я люблю проводить свое свободное время с ними, потому что они очень забавные. 3. Переведите следующие слова на английский язык: 1) Мой рабочий день начинается в девять часов и длиться 7 часов. 2) Он встал, умылся, оделся, позавтракал, вышел из дому и быстро пошел на остановку. 3) Чтобы не опоздать на работу, мы вышли из дому на 15 минут раньше обычного. 4) Вчера мой брат был болен и не пошел на работу /остался дома/. 5) В будние дни у них практически нет свободного времени. 6) Кроме работы в учреждении, ей приходится делать всю работу по дому. 7) Тебе понадобится полчаса, чтобы добраться домой на трамвае. Это долго. Бери такси. • 9 Прочитайте следующие диалоги и составьте аналогичные: 1) - What’s your name? - My name is Janet Blake. And what’s your name? - It’s Pat Wilson. 2) - What are you? - I’m a teacher. What’s your job? - I’m an engineer. - What is your brother’s job? - He’s a driver. - Is your son a student? - Yes, he is. 3) - Where are you from? - I’m from Spain. - What nationality are you? - I’m Spanish. - Where is your wife from? - She’s from England. She’s English. 4) - How old are you? - I am 19 (years old). How old is your brother? - He’s about 28. - What is he like? - He’s tall and handsome. 5) - How many brothers do you have? - I have two brothers. The elder one is twenty. He’s at the University. The younger one is seventeen. He’s in his last year of high school. - How many sisters do you have? - I have one sister. She’s nine. She goes to grammar school.

6) - What time do you get up as a rule? - Generally about half- past seven. - Why so early? - Because I live far from my office. - When do you get to the office? - About nine o’clock. - What do you usually do in the evenings? - We generally stay at home. Once or twice a week we go to a theatre or to the pictures. • 10 Закончите диалог: - Tell me a little about yourself. - I don’t know where to begin. What do you want to know? - ... • 11 Спросите своего друга: живет ли он в многоквартирном или частном доме; где находится его дом; как можно добраться до его дома; какая у него квартира; на каком она этаже; есть ли у него телефон; когда он встает; завтракает, уходит из дому, возвращается с работы, идет спать; где он завтракает, обедает; что он делает утром, днем, вечером. Выслушайте ответ. • 12 Ответьте на вопросы: 1) What is your name? 2) Where and when were you born? 3) How old are you? 4) Are you married? 5) Do you live together with your parents? 6) What are your parents? 7) Where do you live? 8) What school did you finish? 9) What are you going to be? 10) Do you work? 11) When does your working day begin? 12) What do you do when you get up? 13) What time do you leave for work? 14) How much time does it take you to get there? 15) What do you usually do in the evenings? • 13 Расскажите о себе и о своей семье.

• 14 Заполните анкету по данному образцу: Mike First name Brown Surname 15.03.70 Date of birth London Place of birth English Nationality manager Occupation 25, Regent St., London, U.K. Address 071-839 Telephone number •15 Прочитайте текст и обсудите следующие за ним вопросы: British Families British families are usually quite small. An average family consists of a mother, a father and two or three children.. No one is really sure how it is possible to have four children. It is quite rare in Britain for grandparents, aunts and uncles to share the house with the family. However, families often share the house with dogs, cats, goldfish and even rabbits which they keep, not to eat, but as pets. 1) Are families in Britain the same as in this country? 2) What similarities and differences do you notice from the passage? UNIT

2

Rostov State University • 1 Отработайте произношение следующих слов: [‘w :s : ] [za: ] [‘m n ki] [‘g vnm nt] [,sai n’tifik ] [k ris’p nd ns] [di’pa:tm nt] [‘ski:m] [‘f rin ‘l ngwid ] [‘d u:n ] [‘si:nj ]

Warsaw tzar monarchy government scientific correspondence department scheme foreign language junior senior

• 2 Запомните произношение следующих дисциплин: Biology Geology Psychology Geography

[bai’ l dzi] [dzi’ l dzi] [sai’k l dzi] [dzi’ gr fi]

Chemistry Law Mechanics Mathematics

[‘kemistri] [ l :] [mi’k niks] [,m i’m tiks]

• 3 Запомните следующие слова: found ( v ) government ( n) academic year to deliver lectures attend lectures ( classes ) hold ( held, held ) ( v ) divide ( v ) compulsory subject optional course junior students senior student specialist essay pass an exam make good progress at smth. graduate (v) [‘gr djueit] graduate (n) [‘gr djuit] graduation paper

основывать; учреждать правительство учебный год читать лекции посещать лекции/занятия проводить делить обязательный предмет факультативный курс студенты младших курсов старшекурсник курсовая работа сдать экзамен преуспевать в чем-либо кончать университет / или другой ВУЗ / выпускник, окончивший ВУЗ дипломная работа

• 4 Запомните следующие синонимы: to set up, to establish, to found; to take part in, to participate in. • 5 Обратите внимание на образование следующих слов: N+ist biology-biologist N+er geography-geographer pedology-pedologist philosophy-philosopher geology-geologist law-lawyer economy-economist philology-philologist psychology-psychologist physics-physicist N+ian history-historian mathematics-mathematician chemistry-chemist mechanics-mechanic • 6 Прочитайте текст вслух и переведите его: I am a first-year student of Rostov State University which was set up in Rostovon-Don in 1915 on the basis of Warsaw University established in 1817. Rostov University was evacuated from Warsaw. Its history goes back to the beginning of the nineteenth century when Tsar Alexander I founded a University in Warsaw in 1817. He had some special reasons for that. He wished to reinforce his power and create an outpost of Russian culture in Poland. So he created a centre of education in Poland. But it was not only the centre of education, as the revolutionaryminded students led an active struggle against the monarchy. And in 1831 the tsarist

government had to close it down. The University was opened again only in 1869. In July 1915 Warsaw University was evacuated to Rostov-on--Don because of the imperialist war of 1914. At present Rostov University is a leading scientific and educational centre in the South of Russia. There are 11 faculties at the University. They are: the Biology and Pedology faculty, the Economics faculty, the Chemistry faculty, the GeologyGeography faculty, the History faculty, the Law faculty, the faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, the Philology faculty, the Philosophy faculty, the Physics faculty and the Psychology faculty. Rostov State University has day, evening and correspondence departments. The course of studies at the University is divided into 5 academic years at the day department and 6 years at the evening and correspondence departments. The training scheme includes academic subjects, social sciences, professional courses and foreign languages. During the academic year the students are delivered lectures on compulsory and optional courses. Seminars are held on some subjects. The students are to attend laboratories and practicals. Once a week both junior and senior students attend the language laboratory for individual oral practice. The academic year is divided into 2 terms. At the end of each term the students take tests and midterm exams. At some faculties they are to write specialist essays. If the student passes the examination the teacher ( lecturer ) enters the mark in the student’s record ( credit ) book. Students who make good progress at their studies get grants, top students get scholarships. At the end of the course of studies the students take final exams and write a graduation paper or project. Graduates get a degree or honour degrees. After graduating from the University you may apply for a postgraduate course of studies. The social life of the University is characterized by the activity of many students. They go in for sports and take part in sport competitions. Many students carry out research work and take part in scientific conferences which are held at the University every year. • Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты выражений: Укрепить власть; научный и образовательный центр; курс обучения; общественные науки; включать; семинары; практические занятия; иностранные языки; сдавать зачет; зачетка; обычная стипендия; повышення стипендия; сдавать выпускные экзамены; принимать участие в чем -либо; аспирантура. • 8 Дайте русские эквиваленты следующих слов: to go back to ..., monarchy, to evacuate, training scheme, professional courses, scientific conference, to carry out research work, to go in for sports. • 9 Выберите правильное слово из предлагаемых в скобках вариантов: 1) I (do, is, am ) a first-year student. 2) Rostov University (have, were, was ) evacuated (from, to ) Warsaw. 3) Alexander I ( found, founded, was founded ) a University in 1817. 4) The academic year is divided ( in, of, into, at ) 2 terms. 5) At the end of each term the students ( make, take, get, takes ) tests and exams.

• 10 Закончите следующие: 1) Tsar Alexander I founded a University in Warsaw because ... 2) The tsarist government closed the University down as ... 3) In 1915 Warsaw University was evacuated to Rostov-on-Don because of ... 4) There are 11 faculties at the University. They are ... 5) The course of studies is divided into ... 6) The training scheme includes ... 7) The academic year is divided into ... 8) At the end of each term the students ... 9) After graduating from the University ... • 11 Составьте предложения из предлагаемых слов: 1) In, was, a, Rostov-on-Don, 1915, set up, University, in. 2) Department, my, the, studies, correspondence, at, friend. 3) And, day, seminars, have, every, we, lectures. 4) The, at, 11, there, University, are, faculties. 5) Divided, terms, the, year, 2, academic, into, is. • 12 Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык: 1) Наш университет был основан в начале века. 2) Сейчас университет является крупным научным центром. 3) Многие известные ученые (scientists) страны были студентами и выпускниками нашего университета. 4) А когда был организован ваш институт (Institute) ? 5) Сколько факультетов он имеет? 6) В российских университетах и институтах учебный год имеет два семестра. 7) Экзамены сдают/ся/ два раза в год (twice a year). 8) МГУ - старейшее и крупнейшее высшее учебное заведение России. 9) Университет был основан великим русским ученым М. В. Ломоносовым в 1755 году. 10) Университет имел тогда всего лишь три факультета /философский, юридический, медицинский/. 11) В 1954 году было уже 12 факультетов. 12) МГУ сотрудничает со многими ведущими университетами нашей страны и других стран. • 13 Выразите свое согласие или несогласие со следующими утверждениями, используя следующие разговорные формулы: That’s right. That’s wrong. I quite agree (with it ) here. I don’t agree (with it) here. I think so. I don’t think so/that ... Yes, indeed. As far is I know ... I’m afraid there is a mistake here. 1) Warsaw University was set up in 1817. 2) Rostov University was established on the basis of Krakov University.

3) Alexander I wished to reinforce his power in Poland. 4) The University was closed in 1831 because the government did not have enough money for it. 5) In 1915 Warsaw University was evacuated to Rostov-on-Don because of the epidemic. 6) There are 11 faculties at the University nowadays. 7) The course of studies at the University is divided into 4 academic years at the correspondence department. 8) The academic year is divided into 3 terms. 9) Senior students are to write specialist essays. 10) Junior students write a graduation paper. • 14 Составьте 15-20 вопросов к тексту, используя 4 типа вопросов. • 15 Спросите своего друга, используя подсказанные слова и выражения: 1) об истории создания Ростовского Университета; 2) о работе Университета в наши дни; 3) выслушайте ответ: As far as I know (remember) ... Do you happen to know ... I think that ... Can you tell me about ... In my opinion ... What’s your opinion of ... Yes, certainly (of course) What do you know about ... I’m afraid not. I’m afraid I don’t know. Would you please tell me Well, they say that ... (аbout) …? • 16 Ответьте на вопросы: 1) Why did Alexander I found a University in Poland? 2) Why was it closed down in 1831? 3) What was the reason of its evacuation to Rostov? 4) How many faculties are there at the University nowadays? What are they? 5) What departments are there at the University? 6) How is the course of studies divided? 7) What subjects does the training scheme include? 8) What faculty do you study at? 9) What’s your future profession? 10) What subjects do you study this term? 11) Do you have optional lectures? • 17 Заполните следующую таблицу данными из текста: Date Events 1817 1831 1869 1915

• 18 Разделите текст на логические отрывки и озaглавьте их. Перескажите текст по своему плану. UNIT 3 GREAT BRITAIN The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. It consists of four parts: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England, Wales and Scotland occupy the territory of Great Britain. Northern Ireland is situated in the northern part of Ireland. The territory of the United Kingdom is about 244,000 square kilometres. The population is over 56 million. About 80% of the population is urban. The capital of the country is London. The surface of Great Britain varies greatly. The northern and western part of the country is mountainous and is called the Highlands. All the rest (south, east and centre) is a vast plain which is called the Lowlands. The mountains are not very high. The rivers are not long. The most important of them are the Severn and the Thames. There are many beautiful lakes in the mountainous parts of the country. The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of Great Britain. It is mild the whole year round. The winds blowing from the Atlantic are warm and wet. They bring plenty of rain to the island. It ensures a long growing season and is suitable for agriculture. Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of iron and steel products, machinery and electronics, chemicals and textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding. Great Britain is a country with old cultural traditions and customs. The most famous educational centres are Oxford and Cambridge Universities. They are considered to be the intellectual centres of Europe. There are 47 Universities in Great Britain. The United Kingdom is a monarchy and the Queen is the head of the state. But in practice it is ruled by the elected government with a Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Commons is the major element in the British Parliament. It consists of 635 members elected by popular vote. The election is held every five years. There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour party, the Conservative party and the Liberal party. The Labour party is the ruling party nowadays. • 1 Запомните следующие слова: aircraft (n) chamber (n) develop (v)

[‘ kra:ft] [‘t eimb ] [di’vel p]

самолет(ы), авиация палата развивать(ся)

оборудование избирать голосование обеспечивать, гарантировать [in’ u ] ensure (v) остров [‘ai l nd] island (n) равнина [plein] plain (n) правящий [‘ru:lin] ruling (a) судостроение [‘ ip bildin] shipbuilding поверхность [‘s :fis] surface (n) городской [‘ :b n] urban (n) огромный, обширный [va:st] vast (a) отличаться [‘v ri] vary (v) • 2 Отработайте произношение географических названий: equipment (n) elect (v)

[i’kwipm nt] [i’lekt]

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland [ ju:’naitid ‘kind m v’greit ‘btith nd ‘n : n ’ai l nd] [‘ingl nd] England [‘sk tl nd] Scotland [weilz] Wales [ briti ‘ailz] The British Isles [ t’l ntik ‘ou n] The Atlantic Ocean [‘l nd n] London [ ‘g lf’stri:m] The Gulf Stream • 3 Прочитайте следующие интернациональные слова и понять их значение: chemicals [‘kemikalz] climate [‘klaimit ] electronics [ilekt’r niks] export [‘eksp :t ] /им.сущ./ [eks’p :t] /глагол/ exporter [eks’p :t ] industry [‘ind stri] intellectual [‘inti’l ktju l] machinery [m ‘ I:n ri] monarchy [‘m n ki] navigation [‘n vi’gei n] [‘ kjupai] occupy [‘pa:l m nt] parliament [‘p pju’lei n] population [‘pr dju:s] /им. сущ./ produce [pr ‘dju:s ] /глагол/ [pr ‘dju:s ] producer [‘terit ri] territory [‘tekstail] textile

постарайтесь

• 4 Прочитайте текст вслух и переведите его. • 5 Подберите в тексте английские эквиваленты: круглый год, вся остальная часть, основные отросли промышленности, глава государства, практически, главный элемент, каждые пять лет, оказывать влияние. • 6 Дайте русские эквиваленты следующих английских слов и словосочетаний: greatly, plenty of rain, highly developed industrial country, at the head, main political parties, suitable for agriculture, a long growing season, by popular vote. • 7 Выберите правильное слово из предлагаемых в скобках вариантов: 1) The northern part of the country is (mountains/mountainous). 2) The (elected/election) is held every five years. 3) Great Britain is a country with old traditions and (customers/customs ). 4) One of the chief (industrial/industries) is shipbuilding. 5) There are three main political (parts/parties ) in Great Britain. 6) Wet winds from the Atlantic (bring/blow) plenty of rain. 7) The warm waters of the Gulf Stream (ensure/influence) the climate of Great Britain. 8) The Northern and Western part of the country is called the (Lowlands/Highlands). 9) There are (47/20 ) Universities in Great Britain. 10) The (Liberal/Conservative/Labour) party is the ruling party nowadays. • 8 Закончите следующие высказывания: 1) The United Kingdom consists of ... . 2) The British Parliament consists of ... . 3) There are the following political parties in Great Britain ... . 4) The United Kingdom is situated on ... . 5) The Queen’s rights are limited by ... . 6) The territory of Great Britain is ... . 7) The population is ... . • 9 Составьте предложения: 1) and, Atlantic, are, Ocean, the, Isles, the, British, by, washed, North, the, Sea. 2) the, France, continent, on, country, the, on, borders. 3) 244,000, of, the, occupies, about, square, territory, it, kilometres. 4) Parliament, the, in, Queen, to, the, belongs, the, country, and, power, the. • 10 Переведите на английский язык: 1) Британские острова расположены на континентальном шельфе (shelf). 2) Англия - конституционная монархия. 3) Великобритания имеет высокоразвитую промышленность. 4) Сегодня Великобритания - крупный производитель железа, стали, электронного и машинного оборудования, текстиля. 5) В Шотландии много красивых озер. Туристы со всего мира приезжают в эту страну круглый год.

6) На климат Великобритании оказывают большое влияние ветры, дующие с Атлантического океана. • 11 Выразите согласие или несогласие со следующими утверждениями, данными в левой колонке. Постарайтесь дать развернутые ответы. Начинайте с выражений из правой колонки. Yes, indeed ... 1) The English Channel separates That’s (quite) right. England from France. I (quite) agree with it (here). 2) Great Britain is an agricultural country. 3) The climate of the North Caucasus is much I’m afraid I don’t agree with milder than that of Great Britain. it. It can’t be true. 4) The highest body of state power in the United Kingdom is the Congress which consists of the Nothing of the kind. Senate and the House of Representatives. 5) Very few people are employed in agriculture. 6) Many people believe that half Britain is always on strike, and the other half wears a suit, a bowler hat and carries an umbrella. • 12 Составьте 15-20 вопросов к тексту, используя все 4

типа вопросов.

• 13 Спросите своего друга: 1) знает ли он официальное название Великобритании; что он думает об уровне жизни англичан; может ли он рассказать о политическом устройстве Великобритании; интересуется ли культурой и традициями Англии. Используйте выражение: Can you tell me about ... ? Do you know ... ? Are you interested in ... ? What’s your opinion of ... ? 2Выслушайте его ответ, начинающийся с : I think that ..., My opinion is that ..., Yes, certainly (of course), I’m afraid not, I’m afraid I don’t know. 3) Составьте диалог и инсценируйте его. • 14 Найдите на карте все географические названия, упомянутые в тексте, назовите их вслух. Запишите названия с артиклем в столбик слева, без артикля - справа: The United Kingdom Great Britain Используйте полученную таблицу при подготовке пересказа текста. • 15 Ответьте на вопросы по тексту: 1) What parts does the United Kingdom consist of? 2) What is the territory and the population of Great Britain? 3) What is the surface of the country? 4) Why is the climate of the British Isles milder than that of the Continent?

5) What does the British industry produce? 6) Are there any big educational establishments in Great Britain? 7) Is the Queen’s power limited by Parliament? 8) How many chambers does the British Parliament consist of? What are they? 9) What are the main political parties of Great Britain? 10) Who is the Prime Minister of Great Britain now? 11) Which political party does it belong to? • 16 Разделите текста на составляющие смысловые части. Озаглавьте каждую из них. Перескажите текст, используя свой план.. UNIT 4 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA The USA is a large country. Its area is only a little smaller than that of Europe. It is 9 min square km. The USA lies in the central part of the North American continent between Canada and Mexico. Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean its eastern coast is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. The population of the USA is more than 237 mln people. It represent practically all racial and national groups. There are 26 mln. Negroes and half a mln. Indians in the USA. 73 per cent of the population live in towns. The capital of the USA is Washington, named after the first president of the USA G. Washington. The USA is a republic. It is a federation of 50 states. It was established by the Constitution in 1787. The flag of the USA is called “Stars and Stripes”. The 50 stars, white on a blue field, represent the 50 states and the 13 stripes represent 13 original English colonies, which in 1776 became free and independent of England. The President of the USA is elected for 4 years of service and may be reelected for 4 additional years. He administers the national government, appoints the cabinet members and has the initiative in foreign affairs. The Congress of the USA consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The term of the Congress is 2 years. The business of the Congress is to make laws. The Us Congress has its seat in the Capitol. The residence of the President is White House. At present the main political parties of the USA are the Republican and the Democratic parties. Now the President of the USA is B. Clinton. He represents the Democratic party. The USA is the leading and powerful state in the world. It is a highly developed industrial country. Its agriculture is highly mechanized. The heavy industries are in the region of the Great Lakes, in Detroit and Chicago. The motor-car industry is highly developed in Detroit. Ship-building industry is in San-Francisco, the textile industry is in the north-east and in the south. Agriculture is wide-spread in the Middle West, which is the region of wheat and maize called the “Corn Belt”. One single product, cotton, unites one sixth of the USA into a region called the “Cotton Belt”. It stretches all over the Southern States. The main industrial centres in the USA are New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, San Francisco and Los Angeles.

• 1 Запомните следующие сова: [ ‘p int ] appoint (v) [k :n] corn (n) [ k tn] cotton (n) heavy industries independent (a) maize (n) represent (v)

[,indi’pend nt] [meiz] [,repri’zent]

representative (n) term (n) wash (v) wheat widespread

[,repri’zent tiv] [t :m] [wo ] [wi:t]jkl [‘waidspred]

stretch

[stret ]

назначить зерно хлопок отрасли тяжелой промышленности независимый кукуруза представлять, символизировать представитель, делегат срок омывать (берега) пшеница широко распространенный простираться

• 2 Отработайте произношение географических названий: [ju:’naitid ‘steits v ‘ merik ] The United States of America [‘k n d ] Canada [‘meksikou] Mexico [‘g lf v’meksikou] the Gulf of Mexico [p ‘sifik ‘ou n] the Pacific Ocean [ t’l ntic ‘ou n] the Atlantic Ocean [‘w int n] Washington [d ‘troit] Detroit [ I’ka:gou] [t i’ka:gou] Chicago [ fil ‘delfj ] Philadelphia [ s nfr n’siskou] San Francisco [los’ ndzili:z] Los Angeles [‘nju:’j :k] New York • 3 Прочитайте следующие интернациональные слова и понять их значение: [‘rei l] racial [‘n n l] national [ri’p blic] republic [ fed ‘rei n] federation [k nsti’tju: n] Constitution [‘k l ni] colony [‘prezid nt] president [‘senit] Senate

постарайтесь

Congress administer

[‘k ngress] [ d’minist ]

• 4 Прочитайте текст вслух и переведите его. • 5 Подберите в тексте английские эквиваленты: практически, первоначальный, свободный и независимый, издавать закон, международные дела, в настоящее время, полмиллиона, один динственный, одна шестая, страна богата. • 6 Дайте русские эквиваленты следующих английских слов и словосочетаний: to be re-elected, to administer the national government, to appoint the cabinet members, to have the initiative in foreign affairs, highly mechanized, “Corn Belt”, “Cotton Belt”. • 7 Употребите подходящее по смыслу слово из предлагаемых вариантов: 1) The USA lies (among/between/next to) Mexico and Canada. 2) The flag of the USA (call/called/is called) “Stars and Stripes”. 3) The US agriculture is (higher/highly/high) mechanized. 4) The President is elected (of/about/for) 4 years (of/for/in) service. 5) The Constitution of the USA was (adopted/elected) in 1787. 6) The business of the Congress is to (make/do) laws. 7) The first English settlement was (developed/established)at the beginning of the 17th century. 8) The President is the (heart/head) of the Government of the USA. 9) B. Clinton (represents/representatives) the (Republican/Democratic) party. • 8 Закончите следующие высказывания: 1) The population of the USA is more than ... . 2) The capital of the USA is ... . 3) Now the President of the USA is ... . 4) The term of the Congress is ... . 5) The flag of the USA is called ... . 6) The western coast of the country is washed by ... and its eastern coast is washed by ... 7) Agriculture is widespread in ... . • 9 Составьте предложения: 1) the, on, nation, United States, is, fourth, the, of, earth, America, largest, geographically. 2) continent, are, the, people, of, American, the, local, Indians. 3) and, the, a, called, the, between, Appalachians, the, large, Great Plains, is, region, Rockies.

4) The USA The United Kingdom

lies is situated is is washed borders is rich

on by in between

natural resources a monarchy the Pacific Ocean the North Sea Canada a federation of 50 states Mexico the Atlantic Ocean the British Isles Canada and Mexico old cultural traditions and customs

in the north in the west in the south in the east

• 10 Переведите на английский язык: 1) Одна треть Сената США избирается через каждые 2 года. 2) Президент и вице-президент избираются на 4 года и могут быть переизбраны еще на 4 года. 3) Сенат состоит из 100 членов, 2 от каждого из 50 штатов. 4) Континент Америка был назван по имени известного мореплавателя (navigator) 15 века. 5) Обширный сельскохозяйственный район простирается в центральной части страны. 6) Ведущими отраслями американской тяжелой промышленности являются горнодобывающая, автомобильная, кораблестроительная и другие. • 11 Выразите свое согласие или несогласие со следующими утверждениями, данными в левой колонке. Постарайтесь дать развернутые ответы. Начинайте с выражений из правой колонки. I think/believe/ 1) The main crops in the USA are fruit and vegetables. 2) The USA is a highly industrialized country with various suppose that’s true. That can’t be true. branches of heavy industry prevailing. 3) Competition is an important feature of the US economic It’s just the other way round. system. 4) The flag of the US is popularly called “the Stars and Stripes”. That’s just it. There are 50 stripes and 13 stars on it. 5) The climate of the US varies greatly from place to place due to Far from it. the great size of the country. 6) The “Cotton Belt” stretches all over the region of the Great Yes, indeed ... Lakes. • 12 Составьте 15-20 вопросов к тексту, используя все 4 типа вопросов. • 13 Спросите своего друга:

1) Знает ли он, где находится “Зерновой пояс” США, может ли он сказать, где заседает Конгресс США, что он может сказать о характере “типичного американца”, что он знает о политической системе США. Используйте выражения: Can you tell me anything about ... ? What do you know about ... ? Would you please tell me (about) ... ? How do you fell about ... ? 2) Выслушайте его ответ, начинающийся с : As far I remember ... If I remember rightly ... Well, they say that ... I’m sorry to say that ... Yes, certainly/of course. 3) Составьте диалог и инсценируйте его. • 14 Найдите на карте все географические названия, упомянутые в тексте, назовите их вслух. Запишите названия с артиклем в столбик слева, без артикля - справа: The USA Canada Используйте полученную таблицу при подготовке пересказа текста. • 15 Ответьте на вопросы по тексту: 1) What is the geographical location of the USA? 2) What kind of state is the USA? 3) What is the structure of the Congress? 4) What is the term of service for the President? 5) How many times may the President be re-elected? 6) What are the main political parties of the country? 7) Where are the heavy industries of the US located? 8) Where is the US motor-car industry developed? 9) Why are the Southern states sometimes called the “Corn Belt”? 10) What can you say about America’s agriculture? 11) What are the main industrial centres in the USA? • 16 Разделите текст на логические отрывки. Озаглавьте их. Перескажите текст, используя полученный план. UNIT 5 CITY I. LONDON London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and commercial centre. It is one of the largest cities in the world (together with Tokyo and New York) and the largest city in Europe. Its population is about 8 million.

London is situated on the river Thames. The city is very old. It has more than 20 centuries old history. Traditionally, it is divided into several parts: the City, Westminster, the West End and the East End. They are very different from each other. The City is the oldest part of London, its financial and business centre. Numerous banks, offices and firms are concentrated here, including the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange and the Old Bailey. Few people live in the City but over a million come to work here. Two masterpieces are situated within the City: St. Paul’s Cathedral and the Tower of London. St. Paul’s Cathedral was built in the 17th century by Christopher Wren. The Tower of London was built in the 11th century. It was used as a fortress, a palace and a prison. Now it’s a museum. Westminster is the aristocratic official part of London. It includes Buckingham Palace where the Queen lives and the Houses of Parliament stretching for nearly 1000 feet along the north bank of the Thames. The Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliament is famous for its big hour bell, known as “Big Ben”. Westminster Abbey is the place where coronation of nearly all kings and queens has taken place. Many of them are buried here as well as some other famous people of the country (G. Chaucer, Tennyson, Newton, Ch. Dickens, T. Hardy, R. Kipling, etc.). The West End is the richest and most beautiful part of London. It is a symbol of wealth and luxury. The best hotels, restaurants, shops, clubs, parks and houses are situated there. English aristocracy lives in this region. One of the busiest streets in the West End is Oxford Street. There are many various shops in it which attract customers from different countries of the world. Trafalgar Square is the geographical centre of London. It was named in the memory of Admiral Nelson’s victory at the battle of Trafalgar in 1805. The tall Nelson Column stands in the middle of the square. Opposite the Nelson Monument is the National Gallery and the National Portrait Gallery. They contain the finest art collections in the world. Not far from the National Gallery is the British Museum famous for its rich library (about 7,000.000 books). The East End is an industrial district of London. There are many factories and the Port of London there. It is very important to the country’s commerce. The region is densely populated by working class families. Old residents of the East End are proud to be called cockneys which means true Londoners, hereditary inhabitants of the area. • 1 Запомните следующие слова и словосочетания: столица [k pit l] capital (n) район [‘distrikt] district (n) дворец [‘p lis] palace (n) [‘r i l] royal (a) королевский [‘f :tris] fortress крепость [k ‘ idr l] cathedral собор [hi’redit ri] hereditary потомственный [‘ma:st pi:s] masterpiece шедевр [‘v ri s] various различные [wel ] wealth богатство the Bank of England Английский Банк

the Stock Exchange

[iks’t eindz]

the Old Baily

[beill]

Лондонская фондовая биржа Центральный уголовный суд, находящийся в ОлдБейли

• 2 Отработайте произношение некоторых названий: [‘ju r p] Europe [‘westminst ] Westminster [‘westminst r’ bi] Westminster Abbey [ ‘temz] the Thames [ ‘tau r v’ l nd n] the Tower of London [‘b kin m’ p lis] Buckingham Palace [tr ‘f lg ‘skw ] Trafalgar Square • 3 Прочитайте следующие интернациональные слова и постарайтесь понять их значение: [‘sent ] centre [‘ridz n] region [hou’tel] hotel [‘st tju:] statue [‘m nium nt] monument [‘mem ri] memory [mju:’zi m] museum [‘rezidens] residence [‘rezident] resident [ ‘fi l] official [‘g l ri] gallery [a:t] art [k ‘lek n] collection • 4 Прочитайте текст вслух и переведите его. • 5 Подберите в тексте английские эквиваленты: 1) Tрадиционно, многочисленный, вдоль северного берега реки Темзы, почти, одна из самых оживленных улиц, покупатели, напротив, потомственные обитатели, старые жители. 2) Дайте русские эквиваленты следующих английских слов и словосочетаний: few people, to include, as well as, symbol of wealth and luxury, the finest art collection, densely, populated, true Londoners, to take place, at the battle of. 3) Найдите в тексте синонимы следующих слов и словосочетаний: to be located, to vary, to be constructed, to be well-known, different, in honour of, to house, to be called, trade, territory, quite near, almost.

• 6 Выберите правильное слово из предлагаемых в скобках вариантов: 1) London is the (large/largest/larger) city in Europe. 2) The City is a market for (good/goods) of almost (all/every) kind from (all/every) parts of the world. 3) Not (most/more) than five thousand people live in the City. 4) You will find here great industrial areas than depend (from/upon/of)shipping. 5) (It’s/its) population is about 6 (million/millions). 6) Two masterpieces (are situated/are concentrated) within the City: St. Paul’s Cathedral and the Tower of London. 7) The Tower of London (was built/was buried) in the 11th century. 8) The tall Nelson’s Column stands (in the middle of/not far from) the Trafalgar Square. 9) Old residents of the East End are hereditary (aristocracy/cockneys). 10) Numerous banks and firms are concentrated in the City (containing/including) the Bank of England and the Stock Exchange. • 7 Закончите следующие высказывания: 1) The oldest part of London is ... . 2) The well-known people of England are buried in ... . 3) The place where Monarch lives is called ... . 4) The largest park in London is ... . 5) The Tower of London was used as ... . 6) St. Paul’s Cathedral was built in ... by ... . 7) The population of London is ... . • 8 Составьте предложения: 1) 20, more, is, London, old, than, centuries. 2) N 10, Prime Minister, of, official, the, is, residence, the, Street, Downing. 3) the, with, associated, high, “West End”, name, of, goods, riches, and, quality, is. • 9 Переведите на английский язык: 1) Лондон- самый большой город в Европе. Он простирается почти на 30 миль. 2) Трафальгарская площадь - это то место, где традиционно проводятся различные демонстрации. 3) Картинные галереи Лондона - богатейшие в мире. 4) В Британском музее содержится большое количество древних рукописей, монет, скульптур. 5) Напротив здания Парламента находится Вестминстерское Аббатство. 6) В Вестминстерском Аббатстве похоронены многие знаменитые люди Англии, среди них- государственные деятели, музыканты и писатели.

• 10 Выразите свое согласие или несогласие со следующими утверждениями, данными в левой колонке. Постарайтесь дать развернутые ответы. Начинайте с выражений из правой колонки. 1) They have left-hand traffic in London. 2) It is not important to be polite in Britain. 3) Westminster is the financial and business centre of London. 4) The London Underground is called the “tube”. 5) The buses in London are all red and double - decked. 6) People are not allowed to cross the grass in Hyde Park.

I(don’t) think that’s right. I’m afraid I can’t agree here. On the centrary, ... There’s no doubt about it. I doubt it.

• 11 Составьте 15-20 вопросов к тексту, используя все 4 типа вопросов. • 12 Спросите своего друга: 1) Знает ли он какие-нибудь достопримечательности Лондона; интересуется ли он церквами и соборами; что он думает о музеях Лондона; в какой части Лондона он хотел бы жить. Используйте выражения: What do you think of ...?, Do you happen to know ...?, Are you keen on ...?, I wonder ... . 2) Выслушайте его ответ, начинающийся с: Well, I think ... , Well, no, not really ... , Well, yes and no. On the one hand ... On the other hand ... , To tell the trurh ... . 3) Составьте диалог и инсценируйте его. • 13 Запомните диалоги и выучите речевые фразы: 1) - Shall I accompany you? - No, thank you. I know the way Besides, St. Paul’s Cathedral is quite near, isn’t it? - Yes. 2) - Excuse me. Could you tell me the way to Whitehall? - I’m afraid not. Ask the policeman over there. 3) - Is it far to the Tower? - Oh, yes. It’s very far. You’d better take a bus. 4) - Excuse me. How can I get to Downing Street? - Go down this street, pass the traffic lights, then take the first turning on the right. 5) - Which is the shortest way to Piccadilly Circus? - Go up the street, turn to the left, then go straight ahead. 6) - Am I right for the National Gallery? - No, It’s in the opposite direction. 7) - Does this bus go to Trafalgar Square? - No, take the tube. I think it’s the best way. 8) - Excuse me. Where is the nearest bus stop? - Turn round the corner and there it is, at Victoria Station.

14. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту: 1) river does London stand on? 2) What parts is London divided into? 3) Why is the City called the business centre of London? 4) What places of interest does Westminster include? 5) Who is buried in Westminster Abbey? 6) What is the West End famous for? 7) Why is the central square in London named Trafalgar Square? 8) Where is the National Gallery situated? 9) What do you know about the British Museum? 10) What is situated in the East End?

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• 15 Разделите текст на логические отрывки. Озаглавьте их. Перескажите текст, используя полученный план. II. THE US MOST IMPORTANT CITIES WASHINGTON The capital of the USA, Washington, is situated on the left bank of the Potomac River in the District of Columbia (D. C. ). The D. C. is outside the jurisdiction of the states and completely independent of them. The nation’s first president, George Washington, selected the site for the District and laid the corner-stone of the Capitol building, where Congress meets. The Capitol was built on Jennkine Hill (or the Capitol Hill). It is the highest building of Washington. The regulation does not allow to build houses taller than the Capitol in Washington. The residential place of the President is in the White House, one of the World’s best known and most beautiful mansions. Government is, of course, Washington’s main business, although some “clean” high-technology and light industries have recently been set up in the surrounding areas. Tourism , too, is of major importance. Visitors come to Washington by planes and by trains. The planes land on Washington’s two airfields: the National and Friendship Airports. The city’s pride is the Union Railway Station. Twenty train tracks enter the station on the upper level and twelve on the lower. It is so big that it can hold an army of fifty thousand men. Today Washington, in the political sense, is the centre of the nation, although its population is only 2.8 million. It is not the largest city in the country for it cannot be compared in size with the cities like Philadelphia, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Fransisco, Boston and New York. NEW YORK With a population of over 8 million, New York is the largest city in the United States, a great seaport and the heart of the country’s financial and business activity, as well as the nation’s cultural centre. New York is situated around the mouth of the Hudson River. It has five boroughs (Manhattan, the Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn and Staten Island).

Most business is centred in Manhattan Island, especially in Wall Street, wellknown all over the world as the busiest street in the USA. The whole area of Manhattan is very small, that’s why sky-scrapers were invented here. There are two more world-famous streets-Broadway and Fifth Avenue. Broadway is known as “theatre-land”, which presents opera, concerts, dance and drama by such worldclass companies as New York Philarmonic, the Metropolitan Opera, and the New York City Ballet. Fifth Avenue is the great shopping, hotel and club centre. New York is also famous for the Statue of Liberty, the United Nation Building, Empire State Building, Colombia [k ‘l mbi ] University, City Hall, New York Public Library and others. • 1 Запомните следующие слова и словосочетания: although (adv) [ :l ou] хотя; несмотря на то, что borough (n) [‘b r ] один из пяти районов Нью-Иорка compare (v) [k m’p ] сравнивать corner-stone (n) [‘k :n stoun] краеугольный камень invent (v) [in’vent] изобретать, делать открытие land (v) [l nd] делать посадку, приземляться mansion (n) [‘m n n] особняк mouth (n) [mau ] устье (реки) sky-scraper (n) [‘skai,skreip ] небоскреб site (n) [sait] местоположение surrounding (a) [s ‘raundin] близлежащий, соседний track (n) [tr k] железнодорожный путь • 2 Отработайте произношение некоторых географических названий: [p ‘toum k’riv ] the Potomac River [‘distrikt v k ‘l mbi ] the District of Columbia [‘h dsn’ riv ] the Hudson River [m n’h t n] Manhattan [br nks] the Bronx [‘bruklin] Brooklyn [‘k pitl] Capitol • 3 Прочитайте следующие интернациональные слова и постарайтесь понять их значение: [dzu ris’dik n] jurisdiction [,regju’lei n] regulation [‘biznis] business [tek’n l dzi] technology [‘tu rizm] tourism [‘vizit ] visitor [‘stei n] station [milj n] million [fai’n n l] financial [‘k lt r l] cultural

opera ballet

[‘ p r ] [‘b lei]

• 4 Прочитайте текст вслух и переведите его. • 5 Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты: на левом берегу реки, не разрешать, недавно, нижний, нельзя сравнить по величине, компания мирового класса, особенно, имеет важное значение, верхний, и другие, вот почему, еще две знаменитые улицы, такой как. • 6 Дайте русские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний: outside jurisdiction, high-technology and light industries, in the political sense, to be completely independent of, the whole area, to present, the residential place, surrounding areas. • 7 Найдите в тексте синонимы следующих слов и словосочетаний: absolutely, to choose, free, to let, lately, of great significance, by air, by railway, to come in, above, to show. • 8 Выберите правильное слово из предлагаемых в скобках вариантов: 1) Visitors come to Washington (on/in/by) planes. 2) It can hold an army of fifty thousand (men/man). 3) The (all/whole) area is very small (because/that’s why) skyscrapers were invented here. 4) New York is the nation’s cultural centre (as well as/as well). 5) New York is (too/also) famous for the Statue of Liberty. 6) George Washington (elected/selected) the site for the District. 7) Twenty train (trucks/tracks) enter the station on the upper level. 8) The (capital/Capitol) was built on Jennkine Hill. 9) Harlem enjoys poor (regulation/reputation) as a dangerous area for outsiders. • 9 Закончите следующие высказывания: 1) The Capitol was built on ... . 2) The capital of the USA is in ... . 3) New York has five boroughs. They are ... . 4) There are two more world-famous streets - ... . 5) Most business is centred in ... . 6) Broadway is known for ... . • 10 Составьте предложения: 1) in, the, is, most, New York, the, they, world, exciting, say, city. 2) Washington, the, season, of, best, the, in, spring, year, is. 3) entrance, to, the, stands, the, harbor, New York, at, of, Liberty, Statue.

• 11 Переведите на английский язык: 1) В Нью-Йорке самолеты приземляются в аэропорту имени Джона Кеннеди. 2) .Генерал Джорж Вашингтон был избран первым президентом Соединенных Штатов Aмерики в 1789 г. 3) Вашингтон не похож на другие большие города США. 4) Лучшее время года в Вашигтоне- весна. 5) Первый небоскреб был построен в 1888г. 6) Чернокожее население Нью-Йорка живет в Гарлеме. • 12 Выразите согласие или несогласие со следующими утверждениями, данными в левой колонке. Постарайтесь дать развернутые ответы. Начинайте с выражений из правой колонки. 1) New York is the largest port of I don’t doubt it. I’m afraid America. More than half the trade of the there’s a mistake here. That’s quite right United States goes through this city. 2) People do business on Broadway in That’s quite right. I disagree (here). New York. 3) In New York there are a lot of good I (don’t) think so. I’m afraid I can’t agree with it. hotels. 4) Washington is situated around the I quite agree (here). mouth of the Hudson River. 5) The federal district and the capital owe a great deal to the nation’s first president George Washington. • 13 Спросите своего друга: 1) Какой город США он бы хотел посетить; знает ли он название самого знаменитого небоскреба в Америке; может ли он рассказать что-нибудь об истории Вашингтона; знает ли он, кто является мэром Нью-Йорка. Используйте выражения: Do you know ... ? I wonder ... , Can you tell me anything about ... ? Would you please tell me ... . 2) Выслушайте его ответ, начинаюшийся с: Well, I think ..., Well, I’m absolutely sure ... , To tell the truth ... , It’s hard to say ... . As far as I know ... . 3) Составьте диалог и инсценируйте его. • 14 Закончите фразы, выбрав нужные словосочетания или предложения: 1) The best way to see a city is ... (to walk along the streets and look around; to make a guided tour of the city). 2) When I come to a strange city, I ask a resident of the city ... (“Have you got anything to declare”; “What are you going to do for your holiday?”; Are there any places of interest in your city?”). 3) As the place was quite near, we ... (took a bus, walked there). 4) If you don’t know your way around, you’d better ... (buy a guide-book, not go out by yourself).

• 15 Вспомните диалоги и речевые фразы, данные в задании 13 к теме “Лондон” и попытайтесь применить их к теме “Вашингтон” и “НьюЙорк”. • 16 Ответьте на вопросы по тексту. • 17 Разделите текст на логические отрывки. Озаглавьте каждый из них. Перескажите текст, используя полученный план. III. ROSTOV - ON - DON Rostov-on-Don is an administrative centre of a rich region in the south of Russia. It is situated on the high bank of the river Don, at a distance of 36 km from the Asov Sea. The city was founded in 1749 at the Temernic River. The first building was the custom-house built by Russia to control import and export trade. 12 years later a fortress of a remarkable structure was constructed at the place which is now Kirov Square to protect southern borders of Russia. The fortress was one the military bases of the Russian Army at the Azov seashore during the Russian-Turkish war. The famous Russian General Suvorov visited the fortress in 1788. In honour of this visit one of the streets of Rostov is called Suvorov Street. Little by little a city grew up around the fort, named after a Russian Saint Dmitry Rostovsky. Thanks to its geographical location the city developed rapidly. In 1806 Emperor Alexander I added “-on-Don” to the city’s name to distinguish it from ancient Russian town not far from Moscow that was also named Rostov. At present the population of the city is more than a million. Rostov-on-Don is a big industrial centre with many plants and factories which produce chemicals, paints, musical instruments, drinks, diary products, textiles, clocks and many other goods. Rostov is a major transportation hub. It is called the Gateway to the Caucasus. Rostov-on-Don is a railway junction and a major river port. Rostov has lately become a big centre of science and culture in the North Caucasus. There are many institutes in the city and the University, which is one of the oldest in the country, as well as a number of research institutes and colleges. Rostov-on-Don is rich in theatres, cinemas, museums. The famous theatres are the Gorky Drama Theatre, the Theatre of Young Spectators, the Musical Comedy Theatre, Puppet Show.Rostov Circus is famous throughout the country. The Museum of Fine Arts in Pushkin Street is housing paintings in oil by Vereshchagin, Aivazovsky, Shishkin, Levitan, Perov, Repin and others. The Museum of Local Lore offers the visitors many interesting exhibits. They reveal the history of freedom-loving Cossacks. • 1 Запомните следующие слова: add (v) ancient (a) customs (n) custom-house (n) distinguish (v)

[ d] [‘ein nt] [‘k st mz] [‘k st m’haus] [dis’tingwi ]

прибавлять древний таможенные пошлины таможня различать, отличать

exhibit (v, n)

[ig’zibit]

hub (n) junction (n) remarkable (a)

[h b] [‘dz nk n] [ri’ma:k bl]

reveal (v) spectator (n)

[ri’vi:l] [spek’teit ]

1. v – показывать, выставлять 2. n – экспонат центр узел, узловая станция замечательный, выдающийся показывать, открывать зритель

• 2 Отработайте произношение некоторых имен собственных: Rostov-on-Don [‘r st v n’d n] Kirov Square [‘kir v’sqw ] the Caucasus [ ‘k :k s s] Cossacks [‘k s ks] the Museum of Fine Arts [mju:’zi m v’fain’a:ts] the Museum of Local Lore [mju:’zi m v’louk l ‘l :] • 3 Прочитайте следующие интернациональные слова и постарайтесь понять их значение: general [‘dzen r l] local [‘louk l] circus [‘s :k s] location [lou’kei n] protect [pr ‘tekt] army [‘a:mi] construct [k n’str kt] drama [‘dra:m ] emperor [‘emp r ] comedy [‘k midi] structure [‘str kt ] • 4 Прочитайте текст вслух и переведите его. • 5 Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты: 12 лет спустя, берег моря, главная отрасль местной промышленности, транспортный узел, учебное заведение, по всей стране, свободолюбивый, берег реки, а также, понемногу, быстро. • 6 Дайте русские эквиваленты следующих английских слов и словосочетаний:not far from, in honour of, plants and factories, agricultural machinery, a railway junction, to be rich in, paintings in oil, at a distance, at present, a number of, thanks to, lately. • 7 Употребите подходящее по смыслу слово из предлагаемых вариантов: 1) Rostov is situated (at/on/in) the high bank of the River Don. 2) It is called the Gateway (at/on/to) the Caucasus. 3) Rostov-on-Don plants and factories (product/produce) many goods. 4) The city was founded (in/at/on) the Temernic River (at/on/in) 1749. 5) The famous Russian General Suvorov (visit/visited/visitor) the fortress in 1788. 6) The city developed (lately/rapidly).

7) The Museum of Fine Arts is housing (painters/paintings) in oil by Vereshchagin, Aivasovsky, and others. 8) Alexander I (added/ordered) “on-Don” to the city’s name to (distinguish/establish) it from another town also named Rostov. 9) There is (Muppet/Puppet) Show in Rostov. 10) Rostov (Circle/Circus) is famous (although/throughout) the country. • 8 Закончите следующие высказывания: 1) Rostov-on-Don was founded in ... . 2) 12 years later the fortress was built at the place which is now ... . 3) At present the population of the city is ... . 4) The principal local industry is ... . 5) Rostov-on-Don is rich in ... . 6) The famous theatres are ... . • 9 Составьте предложения: 1) and, big, a, is, sea, river, railway, it, port, and, junction. 2) many, are, interest, the, historical, places, of, there, in, city. 3) Nazis, II, was, during, twice, World, occupied, the, War, Rostov, by. Rostov-on- is situated after the right bank -the Potomack River Don London is rich on the left bank of -the first US President Washington was named in 1749 is 1791 -the river Don was founded -a Rusian Saint -the capital of the country -a big administrative centre -administrative buildings -theatres, cinemas, museums -ancient historical placess • 10 Переведите на английский язык: 1) Многие знаменитые россияне посетили Ростов, среди них Петр I, Суворов и Максим Горький. 2) Завод Ростсельмаш хорошо известен по всей стране. 3) Сначала в городе было только 15 улиц и его население составляло около 2000. 4) Понемногу население города возросло до миллиона. 5) Многие улицы, площади, скверы и парки города названы в честь замечательных людей России.

• 11 Выразите свое согласие или несогласие со следующими утверждениями, данными в левой колонке. Постарайтесь дать развернутые ответы. Начинайте с выражений из правой колонки. There are many places of historical interest in the city associated with many famous Russians. 2) The first settlers of the Don River steppe country were called Cossacks. 3) Emperor Alexander I ordered the construction of a fortress. 4) The Museum of Local Lore is Famous for its collection of paintings in oil. 5) Originally Theatre Square separated 2 towns Rostov and Nakhichivan.

I (don’t) think so. That’s (absolutely/perfectly) right. I (don’t) doubt it. Nothing of the kind. Yes, indeed. I’m afraid there’s a mistake here.

• 12 Спросите своего друга: I. 1) знает ли он названия улиц и площадей, связанные с историческим прошлым нашего города; 2) интересуется ли он культурой и традициями казаков Дона; 3) может ли он сказать что-нибудь о самых последних выставках в Музее Изобразительных Искусств; 4) в какой части Ростова он хотел бы жить и почему; Используйте выражения: Can you tell me anything about ...? Are you interested in ... /Are you keen on ... ? I wonder/I would like to know ... Do you (happen) to know ... ? II. Выслушайте его ответ начинающийся с : Well, yes and no. On the one hand ... On the other hand ... I wish I knew. It’s hard to say. I’m afraid I can’t say. In fact .../ Actually ... As far as I know ... • 13 Составьте свои диалоги по аналогии: 1) - Excuse me, how can I get to the University? - You’d better go by Metro there. - Where is the Metro Station? - It’s over there, on the left. 2) - Excuse me, am I on the right way to the University? - Yes, cross the square, turn to the right and you’ll see it. 3) - Excuse me, does bus 51 go to the University? - Yes, you’ll get off in Independence Square. - Is it far from here?

- No, It’s four sport after this one. - Many thanks. • 14 Ответьте на вопросы по тексту: 1) What is the centre of Rostov Region? 2) When and where was Rostov founded? 3) What was built at the Temernic River? 4) What was built 12 years later? 5) Why did the city grow rapidly? 6) Why was “-on-Don” added to the city’s name? 7) What is the population of the city now? 8) What is Rostov now? 9) What is the main branch of local industry? 10) What do you know about theatres and museums of Rostov? 11) Are there any big educational establishments in Rostov? What are they? • 15 Разделите текст на составляющие смысловые части. Озаглавьте каждую из них. Перескажите текст, используя полученный план.