Иностранный язык. Лексико-грамматические упражнения по английскому языку: Практикум по специальности

М И Н И СТ Е РСТ В О О БРА ЗО В А Н И Я РО ССИ Й СК О Й Ф Е Д Е РА Ц И И В О РО Н Е Ж СК И Й ГО СУ Д А РСТ В Е Н Н Ы Й У Н И В Е РСИ Т Е Т Ф А К У ЛЬТ Е Т РО М А Н О -ГЕ РМ А Н СК О Й Ф И ЛО ЛО ГИ И

И Н О СТ РА Н Н Ы Й Я ЗЫ К

Лексико-грамматические упражненияпо английскому язы ку. П рактикум по специальности ГСЕ .Ф .01.1. 071900 И нСД О

В О РО Н Е Ж 2003

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У тв ерждено научно-методическим сов етом ф акультетаромано-германской ф илологии 16 апреля2003,протокол № 5

Составители: Д оц. К няжев аЕ .А . П реп. К рупинаИ .А . Н аучны й ред: К .ф .н., доц. М иш ин А .Б.

П рактикум подготов лен накаф едре английского язы каф акультетароманогерманской ф илологии В оронежского государств енного унив ерситета. Рекомендуетсядлястудентов 1 курсаф акультетов неязы ков ы х специальностей.

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Лексико-грамматические упражненияпредназначены длястудентов перв ого курсанеязы ков ы х специальностей. П редлагаемы й учебно-методический материал может бы ть использов ан какдополнительны е трениров очны е упражнениякучебно-методическому комплексу Enterprise перв ого и в торого уров ней, атакже дляаналогичны х уров ней других британских У М К . Рекомендуетсядлякурсаобщ еязы ков ой подготов ки. У чебно-методическое пособие состоит из дв ух частей: Part I – трениров очны е упражнениякУ М К Enterprise перв ого уров ня, Part II – трениров очны е упражнениякУ М К Enterprise в торого уров ня. Содержание Part I 1. Countable / uncountable nouns, plural / singular, articles 2. Present simple 3. Prepositions 4. Past simple 5. Degrees of comparison / as..as / so..as 6. Present perfect 7. Present perfect / past simple 8. Present progressive Part II 1. Present simple / present progressive 2. Articles / plural singular 3. So / too / neither / either / both / no 4. Past simple / past progressive 5. Much / many / (a) little / (a) few 6. Simple future / present progressive 7. Conditional sentences 0, 1, 2 8. Perfect Tenses 9. Past simple / past perfect 10. Passive 11. Reported speech 12. Test

exercises 1-7,9-12,14 exercises 8,13,15,16 exercises 17,18 exercises 19-22 exercises 23-26 exercises 27-30 exercises 31,32 exercise 33 exercise 34 exercises 35-37 exercises 38-42 exercises 43-45 exercises 46,47 exercises 48,53 exercises 49-52,68-74 exercises 54-57,60,62 exercises 58,59,61 exercises 63-67 exercises 75,76 exercises 77,78,79,80,81,82

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Part I Exc. 1: Divide the nouns into three groups: singular nouns, plural nouns and collective nouns. tights, enemy, navy, staff, media, pyjamas, tweezers, knickers, likes, sights, pictures, smoke, sky, airs, refreshments, team, family, company, snooze, walk, wash, fight, chance, country, dark, future, ground, moon, sea, bath, drink, authorities, expenses, goods, shorts, binoculars, trousers, army, audience, crew, part, seaside, sky, wind, travels, sights, jeans, glasses, scales, press, public, government, police Exc. 2: Write the plural of the following words. child, cow, friend, parent, way, monkey, key, mouse, ox, tomato, potato, box, roof, lorry, tooth, bus, dish, piano, glass, goose, deer, bear, chief, victory, valley, foot, thief, fish, bush, knife, baby, woman, sheep, toy, leaf Exc. 3: Which of the following nouns are usually used with determiners? Put a or the where necessary. expenses, countryside, chance, goods, feelings, smoke, start, moon, world, shower, drink, authorities, sights, refreshments, future, ground, sun, sky, go, move, rest, end, past, daytime, jog, run, ride, bath, snooze, wind, air, rest, walk Exc. 4: Put a or the where necessary. 1. He was ___ cleverest man I ever knew. 2. ___ British are worried. 3. I would love to go to ___ Jamaica, ___ Bahamas or somewhere else in ___ Caribbean. 4. We looked in ___ Evening Standard newspaper and found there was a good film at ___ Odeon cinema near Piccadilly Circus. 5. ___ Amazon in ___ Brazil is ___ longest river in ___ South America. 6. - Could you tell me ___ time, please? - It is ___ quarter past four. 7. To tell ___ truth, I didn’t expect to see him. 8. The rent is 50 dollars ___ week. 9. What ___ pity they haven’t come! 10. - ___ half ___ dozen eggs, please. 11. - By ___ way, do you know Tim? 12. He knows ___ history of Russian Revolution well. 13. We often go to ___ cinema or to ___ theatre at weekends. 14. What ___ lovely song! 15. ___ Americans like ___ fat books but ___ thin woman. (Russell Baker)

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Exc. 5: Put the appropriate articles before the words if necessary. Asia, North Pole, Plekhanovskaya street, Koltsovsky park, Moon, Louver, South of America, Bahamas, Pacific Ocean, Oxford University, Earth, Harrods, Mars, Northern Europe, Revolution Avenue, Equator, Mediterranean, River Thames, Niagara Falls, Bay of Bengal, Voronezh State University, High Street, Tower Bridge Exc. 6: Rewrite the sentences using singular nouns with a or an instead of the plural nouns in bold. 1. Lawyers usually earn more than policemen. 2. I often have eggs for breakfast. 3. I love reading good books. 4. I have two bicycles. 5. I hate flies. 6. Yesterday I saw lovely babies. 7. Sons are always a lot more trouble than daughters. 8. He can play musical instruments. 9. Guests usually visit us at weekend. 10. There are comfortable sofas in the house. Exc. 7: Make up sentences using some or any with the nouns in the columns. There is/There isn’t

martini/milk honey/jam yogurt/whipped cream flour/sugar/rice beer/apple juice/pepsi cereal/soup butter/margarine cheese/ham stew/fish

in the bottle in the jar in the carton in the bag in the can in the bowl in the tub in the packet in the pan

Exc. 8: Choose the right variant of the auxiliary verb. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Oranges, bananas and grapes (is, are) fruit. Money (doesn’t, don’t) always bring happiness. The NY police (is, are) world famous. These (is, are) fruit from our garden. There (is, are) a couple of socks in the bedroom. There (is, are) a few dozen eggs in his basket. There (is, are) thousands of lonely people in Russia. There (is, are) a lot of water on the roads.

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Exc. 9: Supply one of the compounds of some, any, no to complete the following sentences. 1. Have you got ___ matches? 2. ___ has been here before us. 3. Have you ___ idea what time it is? 4. This is my business and ___ else’s. 5. I think there’s ___ wrong with my match. 6. I’ve met ___ people, but I don’t have ___ real friends yet. 7. They have ___ time because they must go. 8. Take ___ doll you like, Kate. 9. Would you have ___ cheese with your coffee? 10. I’d like to ask you for ___ advice. 11. There are ___ no matches left. We must buy ___. 12. If you want ___ money, ask me. 13. I need ___ help. 14. We have ___ time to spare. 15. ___ student can answer the question. Exc. 10: Choose the appropriate word from given in brackets. 1. I want (some, a few, a little) milk. 2. (Some, some of, something) us are going to the pictures tonight. 3. There is (some, something) interesting on TV on Sunday. 4. Do you have (some, any, anything) interesting books to read? 5. Take (any, any of, anything) newspaper you like. 6. (Anybody, anyone, any of) you can do it. 7. (None, nobody, anybody) is ill after skiing in the country. 8. (Some, none of, nobody) them is on friendly terms with Kate. 9. Is there (something, any, anything) interesting to read? 10. I’d like to have (any, some) tea. Exc. 11: Fill in is, are; much, many, (a) few, (a) little, a lot of. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

___ there ___ mistakes on the test? No, there ___ not. There ___ mistakes there. ___ there ___ money in the bank? Yes , there ___. There ___ money there. ___ there ___ traffic in the street? Yes, there ___. There ___ very ___ traffic there. ___ there ___ new hotels in your town? Yes, there ___. But not many. ___ there ___ new furniture in your living-room? Yes, there ___ ___. There ___ cheap furniture at the shop. There ___ nice pieces of furniture there. Exc. 12: Put in articles where necessary. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

I usually have ___ breakfast at seven o’clock. ___ dinner today is very good. In summer we have ___ very simple dinner at home. I have ___ lunch with my friend three times ___ week. ___ dinner is ready.

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6. ___ Greens live in ___Oxford street. 7. ___ Paris is ___ capital of ___ France. 8. ___ Japanese live in ___ Japan. 9. ___ water in ___ Pacific ocean is warm. 10. I buy ___ Daily Telegraph four times a week. Exc. 13: Choose the correct form of the verb in brackets to complete these sentences. 1. Neither of his parents (is, are) alive. 2. Both of us (has, have) been to Rome but neither of us (has, have) been to Paris. 3. Neither Pete nor Kate (was, were) at home. 4. We both (like, likes) tennis but neither of us (like, likes) hockey. 5. Neither of us (has, have) been to Paris. Exc. 14: Translate the sentences into English using some or any. 1. В письме есть интересны е нов ости. 2. В пруду в одитсякакая-нибудь ры ба? 3. В сейф е есть немного денег. 4. В корзинеесть немного лука. 5. В доме есть какие-нибудь ножницы ? 6. В холодильнике есть немного молока. 7. В ф отоаппарате есть пленка? 8. Д ляменячто-нибудь есть? 9. Н астуле лежит чья-то пижама. 10. У него есть несколько интересны х книг. Exc. 15: Complete these sentences using the correct form of the verb(s) in brackets. 1. What time ___? (the train leave) 2. Where ___ nowadays? (you work) 3. What time ___ after work? (Ken get home) 4. It’s amazing how many people ___ far too much. (eat) 5. Oh, dear, this milk ___ awful. (taste) 6. What ___ this word ___? (mean) 7. She ___ with her sister at the moment until she ___ somewhere to live. (stay, find) 8. Joe wants to be a pilot when he ___. (grow up) 9. He ___ the bus to school every morning. (catch) 10. I never ___ TV in my free time. (watch) 11. My father ___ an old man now. (be) 12. Give my love to Steve if you ___ him. (see) 13. How many languages ___? (you speak) 14. A car mechanic ___ a spanner. (use) 15. The number of people without jobs ___ at the moment. (increase) 16. ___ you ___ in God? (believe) 17. I ___ it would be a good idea to leave early. (think) 18. What ___ you ___ about? You look so disappointed. (think) 19. Give me this book, please. I ___ need it at the moment. (need)

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20. This computer ___ to me from this very moment. (belong) Exc. 16: Correct the wrong sentences. 1. Tom is in his room. He plays the piano. 2. Jill is speaking six languages. 3. I am looking for my glasses. Where is they? 4. My father is smoking 10 cigarettes a day. 5. I’m not understanding what he is speaking about. 6. The man in the dark green coat is looking like Tim. 7. I’m looking out of the window, but I am not seeing him. 8. How much is it costing to send a letter to Paris. 9. What do you think of that book? 10. My grandparents are never drinking strong tea. Exc. 17: Insert the appropriate preposition of on, in, at, by, of, from, for, to. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

I go to school ___ foot, but yesterday I went to school ___ bus. ‘Winnie-the-Pooh’ is written ___ Alan Milne. My aunt lives ___ the ground floor ___ a fourteen-storey block ___ flats. The banks close ___ 7 o’clock ___ the evening. When does ___ your train arrive ___ the station? We arrived ___ Voronezh ___ the 13 th ___ March and left ___ Moscow only ___ April. 7. Bye, see you ___ Monday! 8. She got married ___ the age ___ 20. 9. He lives ___ Oxford. 10. My friend lives ___ Plekhanovskaya street. 11. Kate lives ___ 6 Marble street. 12. Are you good ___ foreign languages? 13. They live ___ Apple street ___ number 60. 14. He studies ___ 8.15 a.m. ___ 4.00 p.m. 15. My birthday is ___ the tenth ___ October. 16. What happens ___ the end? 17. The train is ___ time. 18. He is ___ the attic ___ the moment. 19. I don’t want to live ___ the house boat. 20. There’s a good film ___ the cinema. 21. It was very cold ___ the cinema. 22. I’ll see you ___ Mike’s house. 23. He is waiting for you ___ the bus stop. 24. The car is parked ___ the corner of the street. 25. She put the chair ___ the corner of the room. Exc. 18: Complete the following sentences using by, in, into, on, onto, off, out of. 1. She is coming ___ car tomorrow. 2. He wanted to spend a week ___ a boat with Helen.

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3. Peter decided to go ___ foot. 4. Do you like to travel ___ bicycle? 5. The passengers ___ the plane were beginning to panic. 6. Peter was already ___ the plane form California. 7. I usually go back home ___ train. It’s much cheaper than going ___ bus. 8. I need to get ___ the train at the next stop. 9. Let me help you get your things ___ the car. 10. He jumped back ___ the old bus, now nearly empty. 11. He jumped ___ the coach and ran into the nearest shop. Exc. 19: Translate into English and comment on the use of the Past Simple tense. 1. I arrived home late last night. 2. Yesterday we tried to fix our car. 3. He got an excellent mark for his last test. 4. The breakfast was ready at 9 a.m. 5. There was nobody in the house when we came back. 6. She went to the concert two days ago. 7. Paola took her driving test last year. 8. Where were you last Christmas? 9. I didn’t go to work yesterday because I wasn’t very well. 10. I saw the Tower when I was in London last week. Exc. 20: Make the following sentences negative and interrogative, then translate them into Russian. 1. It was raining all day yesterday. 2. She was reading a book when her mother came. 3. They were playing all day. 4. We were having lunch when our aunt came. 5. You were burning something in the fireplace. Exc. 21: Ask questions to the highlighted parts of the sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Last year he didn’t go to the South because of the illness. He went to the theatre two days ago. She didn’t tell him the truth. His father came to his school and had a long conversation with his teacher. These students were usually late for their classes last year because they had transport problems.

Exc. 22: Mr. Pratt has a lot of dreams. He’s telling a psychiatrist about them. How dies Mr. Pratt describe his dreams? Look at the psychiatrist’s notes and make sentences. 6.

drives car – wheel comes off I was driving a car when a wheel came off.

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walks across bridge – meets tiger roof falls – watch TV climbs stairs – sees ghost looks into mirror – it breaks wind blows him over cliff – walks along the path lie on beach – elephant comes out of sea digs garden – finds dead body Exc. 23: Give the comparative and the superlative degrees of the following adjectives: joyful, free, polite, dry, recent, narrow, deep, right, sweet, gray, glad, strong-willed, well-known, good, yellow, thing, funny, bad, last, nice, ugly, interesting, old, near, far. Exc. 24: Correct the adjectives in the sentences. 1. I’m busier than my brother. 2. London is more old than New York. 3. It’s the most sharp pencil I have. 4. Be activer at your lessons, please. 5. The boy is as taller as his grandfather. 6. The volleyball is the popularest summer sport. 7. Yesterday I felt more bad than today. 8. Mary’s answer is correcter than yours. 9. Can you come more early next time? 10. You should be more carefuller. 11. I met my goodest friend yesterday. 12. Henry is not stronger his brother. 13. Where is nearer post-office, please? 14. Pluto is a coldest of all planets. 15. The problem was seriouser than we expected. Exc. 25: Make up situations using the word combinations listed below. not so useful as you imagine, as serious as others, not so interesting as expected, the most courageous in the world, the most talented of the two, the highest in the country, as old as she, not so difficult as, the most interesting of all, harder than yours Exc. 26: Put these words in the correct order. 7.

sea, ocean, lake (large) ocean, sea, lake An ocean is the largest. A sea is larger than a lake.

captain, sergeant, major (important) city, village, town (big) motorway, lane, road (wide) puddle, river, stream (deep) nurse, matron, surgeon (senior)

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bush, shrub, tree (tall) baby, teenager, infant (young) Exc. 27: Look at these time words and expressions. Some of them use for and some use since. Put them into two columns. last night, two days, five months, lunch-time, yesterday, ages, the Second World War, a century, a few minutes, 12:30, 30 years ever, September 1 st, I was 20, last spring, a moment, Saturday night, a long time, 1950, six hours Exc. 28: Write sentences and questions in the Present Perfect using before or since. 8.

worked, left school I have worked since I left school.

1. Has, ever, in a supermarket? 2. Tom, never, his finger 3. Pete, three accidents, last week 4. Br. Brink, never, the date 5. Tim, spoken, you, lost his job? 6. Seen, doctor, yesterday morning? 7. Kate, ever, accident 8. Dr. Wordale, worked, the hospital, 1986 Exc. 29: Make up sentences using Present Perfect Simple. 1. Ann, pass her exams 2. Kate and Ray, get married 3. Pete, go to England 4. Anthony, break his arm 5. Millie, fall in love 6. Tony, give up smoking 7. Paul, buy a new bicycle 8. Bob, lose his job, find a new one 9. Liz, finish writing her book 10. Alex, win the competition Exc. 30: Use the Present Perfect Simple instead of the infinitives in brackets and translate the sentences into Russian. 1. She never (lose) her temper. 2. You (finish) those letters yet? 3. - Where you (be)? - I (be) walking. 4. I already (see) this film. 5. - Where’s your brother? - I don’t know. He just (go out). 6. I (see) Tom since his wedding day.

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7. I (know) him for three years. 8. He (finish) his breakfast already? 9. I (not hear) from him since 1994. 10. He (go) to London. 11. I (be late) several times this month, I think. 12. I (read) that book twice. 13. He (be) in Voronezh since spring. 14. You (buy) anything interesting lately. 15. I never (see) her in my life. 16. Who (not eat) his breakfast yet? 17. - Sorry, I (leave) my book at home. - OK. Who else (leave) his or her books? 18. She (be) the same since he left the city. 19. I just (mention) it. Please be more attentive. 20. She (not write) to her mother for two months. Exc. 31: Complete this conversation by putting the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect or the Past Simple. Kate Nick Kate

Hello, Nick! Hello, I (not see) you for ages. I (see) you in the street two or three weeks ago, but you (not see) me. I (be) on a bus. Nick Well, how are things? Are you still living over the shop? Kate No, I (move) already. Nick ___ you (pass) your driving test yet? Kate Yes, I have. I (pass) in November. I (not buy) a car yet, though. But what about you, Nick? ___ anything exciting (happen) to you lately? Nick No, not really. My father (not be) very well for a few months now. Kate Oh, dear. I’m sorry to hear that. Nick And my sister is jobless. Kate ___ she (graduate) form the University this summer? Nick Yes, she (do). Unfortunately, she (not find) a job yet. Kate Are you still working at Robb’s? Nick Yes. They ___ have just (give) me a pay rise. Kate Well, that’s one piece of good news. Exc. 32: Translate into English using Present Perfect or the Past Simple tense. Я ещ е не смотрелаэ тот ф ильм. М ы только что познакомились. В ы опазды в аете уже в торой раз заэ ту неделю . - В ы когда-нибудь бы ли в А нглии. - Н ет, но яв сегдамечталатам побы в ать. 5. - К онцерт уже начался? - Д а, десять минут назад. 6. Т ы уже позавтракал?

1. 2. 3. 4.

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7. М ы в стречались месяц назад, с тех пор яничего о нем не слы ш ал. 8. - К то разбил мою чаш ку? - Н е знаю , яс утране бы ланакухне. 9. - К акдавно ты знаеш ь П ита? - Я его знаю уже дв агода. 10. К ейт ещ е не в ернулась наработу, потому что неделю назад сломаларуку. Exc. 33: Translate the sentences into Russian and explain the reasons for using Present Progressive tense: am going to and will. 1. - Look! There is smoke coming out of the house. It’s on fire! - I’ll call the fire brigade immediately. 2. - Where are you going? Are you going shopping? - Yes, I’m going to buy something for dinner. 3. - Did you post the letter for me? - Oh, I’m sorry. I completely forgot. I’ll do it right now. 4. They are playing really well. I think they are going to win. 5. - Have you got tickets for the concert? - Yes. We are going on Sunday. 6. She is going to travel round the world. 7. It is raining heavily outside. 8. She’s listening to the rock music. 9. He isn’t playing football this season. 10. I think it will be raining tomorrow. 11. I feel terrible. I think I am going to be sick. 12. I think Pete will like the book you bought for him. 13. We are going to fly to London soon. 14. I am flying to London at 8 p.m. 15. In 50 years time there will be 20 times more cars in the streets. Part II Exc. 34: Complete the sentences by putting the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or the Present Progressive. Translate into Russian. 1. -Look, it ____again. (rain) -Yes, it_____ most days at this time of year. (rain) 2. Goodnight, I _____ to bed (go) I always ______ to bed early during the week. (go) 3. These cheese _____awful. (smell) 4. Maize _______ in Britain. (not grow) 5. It ___ snow. (not go) out. 6. My friends ____ next week.(come) 7. Children usually ____very soundly. (sleep) 8. Love ___ the world go round. (make) 9. You ___ meat? (eat) 10. We ___ a meeting come and join in. (have)

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11. She ____ going to parties. (hate) 12. She ____ shower, now. (have) 13. I ____ he was not to blame. (believe) 14. This book ____ to Mark. (belong) 15. I ____ him very well. (know) 16. His French _____ better. (get) 17. This coat _____ to you? (belong) 18. The tap _____ can you fix it? (run) 19. He _____ football this season. (play) 20. Hello _____ you the party. (enjoy) Exc. 35: Insert suitable articles where necessary. Comment on their use. 1. _____ flowers you gave me were gorgeous. 2. I really need _____ bicycle. Do you know where I could find one? 3. Before _____ people invented _____ wheel, they couldn’t transport heavy things easily. 4. _____ optimist is a person who thinks _____ future is uncertain. 5. My favorite subject at school is _____ History. 6. Could you play _____ guitar? 7. The rent is 40$ _____ week. 8. It’s _____ high time you stopped being so lazy. 9. It took me one and _____ half hour to get there. 10. Show me _____ Canary Islands on the map, please. 11. Show me _____ Malta, please. 12. Does Mark speak _____ English language. 13. _____ Trafalgar square is the centre of _____ London. 14. Would you like to go to _____ Kremlin? 15. _____ lake Baikal is _____ deepest in _____ world. 16. _____ Everest is _____ highest mountain in _____ world. 17. I’d like to visit _____ Alps. 18. I decided to go to _____ Black sea. 19. I live in _____ Tverskaya street. 20. _____ President went to _____ Netherlands. 21. _____ Queen Elizabeth II won’t speak on TV tomorrow. 22. _____ Pacific is _____ largest ocean on our planet. 23. _____ Volga flows into _____ Caspian sea. 24. Have you ever been to _____ Bolshoi Theatre? 25. My train leaves from _____ King’s Cross station at 8 p.m. 26. See you in _____ morning. 27. Do you know _____ Browns? 28. He is ill. He’s got _____ flu. 29. I have to go to _____ work now. Exc. 36: Give the plural of the following. passer-by piano

louse

roof

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leaf gooseberry basis cliff knowledge deer phenomenon axis kilo news money belief sheep tooth datum fruit medium ox species handkerchief fish radish terminus mother-in-law photo swine echo criterion pie formula chief stimulus thesis Exc. 37: Insert suitable articles where necessary 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

I know _____ place where we can go for lunch. Most people don’t like _____ steak which has been overcooked. I really need _____ car. Do you know where I could find one. I’ve never seen _____ place more beautiful in my life. What _____ wonderful journey! Thank you. Not _____ word was said at _____ lunch about accident that had happened in _____ morning. 7. Without _____ music, _____ life would be _____ mistake. (Neietrsche) 8. _____ dog is _____ only thing on _____ Earth that loves you more than you love yourself. (Josh Billings) Exc. 38: Complete the following using so/too, neither/either. Give both possible forms. 9.

a) I know this person well.So do I. b) I haven’t read this book. c) Neither have I. d) I haven’t either.

1. Kate isn’t in her room and ... (her roommate) 2. Mark didn’t go to the theatre, and ... (I) 3. I’d like to go to the museum, and ... (Pete) 4. I won’t be there and ... (my sister) 5. Jack wants to go to N.Y. and ... (Sally) 6. I have a test today, and ... (Joe) 7. Ann couldn’t understand the lectures and ... (Sue) 8. Fred doesn’t know Ben, and ... (Mike) 9. I don’t have time for breakfast ,and ... (I) 10. Paola wants to accept your invitation, and ... (Steve) Exc. 39: Complete these sentences by using either, neither, too, so. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Pete can’t run well _____ can his brother. I like strong tea _____ does my husband. I don’t know what’s on _____ do I. We aren’t rich. We aren’t poor _____ .

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5. _____ my friends don’t mind the notice _____ do I. 6. I’ve got an idea! Me _____. 7. I’d like to go shopping _____ would my cousins. 8. Nobody phoned him yesterday Nobody came _____ . 9. I was fired _____ were the others. 10. His mother and his sister had flu. His father _____ . Exc. 40: Complete these sentences with both, neither, either or neither nor. 1. I can hear you _____, but I can’t see _____ of you. 2. There were oaks growing on ______ sides of the road. 3. There are _____ very dirty rooms. I am afraid _____ will suit me. 4. _____ I and my wife were surprised to see you there. 5. You can have _____ fruit or ice-cream. 6. _____ Kate _____ Pete was there. 7. _____ children were happy with their parents. 8. _____ way is acceptable. 9. Denis help his cocoa in _____ hands. 10. _____ of his parents is alive. Exc. 41: Rewrite these sentences using no. 1. I haven’t any free time this week. 2. John didn’t have any money left. 3. He hasn’t any friends. 4. There isn’t any soup in the fridge. 5. There weren’t any boys in the class. Exc. 42: Translate into Russian and explain the choice of underlined words. 1. There was no chair for me to sit. 2. He will never do any work for me again. 3. No money was available for the operation. 4. None of them came to the party. 5. I didn’t eat any of the buiscuits. Exc. 43: Complete the following sentences with one verb in the Past Simple and the other in the Past Progressive. 1. While I _____ to work this morning, I almost _____ a serious accident. (drive, have) 2. When we_____ the shopping last week, we _____ a nice place to have coffee. (do, found) 3. I_____ over the phone, when they _____ me the letter. (talk, bring) 4. They_____ in the room when the taxi_____ . (sit, arrive) 5. I first_____ Kate a couple years ago, she_____ at the hospital at the time. (meet, work)

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Exc. 44: Think of as many sentences as you can. Translate your variants into Russian.

I/he/she/it We You They

used to didn’t use to

-

listen to play have work as wear visit wake up eat

BUT NOW… …

Exc. 45: Correct the mistakes 1. We spend our last holidays in the countryside. 2. We go to the beach last Sunday. 3. He used to go to the supermarket last Monday. 4. I used to play basketball, now I play tennis. 5. I watched TV, when he came. Exc. 46: Translate into Russian and try to explain the choice of underlined words. 1. He didn’t sell very many books. That’s why he never made much money. 2. There’s a lot of work to do, so we haven’t much time to spare. 3. She speaks a lot of English but she doesn’t speak much French. 4. They spend lots of time on project. 5. He spends so much time talking on the phone, that he has little time for studying. 6. He wrote many novels. 7. There were few visitors to our house. 8. I usually do a few jobs for him in the house. 9. I have little time for anything but work. 10. He spread a little honey on a slice of bread. 11. I haven’t got much time. 12. We’ve made little progress. 13. I have so much work to do. 14. We have too much work. 15. Too many people still smoke. 16. I’ve left some food for you. 17. I had some good ideas. 18. Would you like some tea? 19. Could you give me some examples? 20. Are there any jobs men can do but women can’t? 21. Have you got any milk left? 22. Some woman phoned, but didn’t leave her number. 23. Any container. Will do. 24. Could you give we a little help? 25. Would you like a few apples?

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Exc. 47: Choose between much/many/(a) few/(a) little to complete the sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

He didn’t sell very _____ books. That’s why he never made_____ money. If you can spare me_____ time, I’d like to make_____ suggestions. He spends so_____ time playing tennis that he has little time for anything else. He made so _____ mistakes that he didn’t pass the exam. Would you like _____ oranges? I don’t know the answer, but I’ve got _______ ideas. Into each life, _____ rain must fall. (A saying) Driving to the stadium was easy. We got there quickly because there was_____ traffic. 9. I have so_____ things to do that I don’t know which to do first. 10. My sister spends too_____ money on her clothes. Exc. 48: Decide which form of the verb is correct (or more natural) in these sentences. Cross out the one which is wrong. 1. - oh, I left the door open. I will go/am going and shut it. 2. I will go/am going to a party tomorrow. Would you like to come too? 3. What will you do/are you doing this evening? 4. Pete is getting married/will get married next month. 5. I feel terrible. I think I’m going to be/will be sick. 6. Do you think we will/are going to win the match? 7. Don’t worry about the dog. It won’t hurt/isn’t hurting you. 8. I’m sure he will get/is getting the job. He has a lot of experience. 9. I’m going to fly/will fly to Poland soon. 10. I am flying/am going to fly to Poland at 7 p.m. 11. In 100 years time there will be/is going to be underwater cities. 12. Thank you for lending me the money. I’m going/will pay you back on Friday. 13. A: I need some money. B: Don’t worry. I am going/will lend you some. 14. - Have you made the coffee yet? - No, but I’m just going/will just go to make it. 15. Do you think Tom will get/is going to get the job. 16. Oh dear, it’s 4 o’clock. We are going/will be late. Exc. 49: Match these parts to make conditional sentences. 1. The battery is OK 2. I’ll call you 3. You are sure to be late 4. You’ll enjoy the film 5. They always stay out late 6. They’ll understand it all right 7. I’ll give her a call 8. Bill will take a message 9. I’ll do the shopping

a. If I need you b. If I can remember her phone number c. If you miss the bus d. If they are enjoin themselves e. If you phone while I ’m out f. If you explain it to them g. If I have the time h. If you don ’t have a ticket i. If you can understand French

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10. You can’t get in j. If the light comes on Exc. 50: Paraphrase the following sentences according to the pattern. - Go to the doctor and he will help you - If you go to the doctor, he’ll help you 1. Take a taxi and we’ll be there in time. 2. Put that book back and I won’t be angry. 3. Turn over the page and you’ll see that picture. 4. Follow the instructions and you won’t get lost. 5. Go along this street and you’ll see the bank on your left. 6. Buy all those things and you will have no money left. 7. Ask Kate and she will tell you what to do. 8. Get the ticket and you’ll see the game. 9. Wait a minute and I’ll explain it to you. 10. Switch on the radio and you’ll hear the news. Exc. 51: Complete the following sentences. 1. Plants die if … 2. If the water is heated to 100 0 3. If I see her … 4. If you don’t get this job … 5. The tourists will lose their way if … 6. If you aren’t careful in the street … 7. You’ll catch cold if … 8. If she phones too late … 9. I’ll buy a new car if … 10. You’ll need a visa if … Exc. 52: Translate into English. Е сли в ы поможете мне, яперев еду э тот текст бы стрее. О н поймет В ас, если В ы будете гов орить громче. Е сли В ы будете бежать, то наВ ас нападет собака. Е сли ясделаю коф е, ты порежеш ь торт? Е сли он поторопится, то займет хорош ее место. Е сли дети придут поздно, их накажут. Завтрамы поедем в лес, если дождяне будет. - К удаон поедет летом? - В А нглию , если у него будет достаточно денег. 9. О ни ему заплатят, если он закончит работу. 10. О н найдет хорош ую работу, если постарается. Exc. 53: Complete these sentences using the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple or the Present Progressive tenses.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

1. What time _____ ? (the train leave) 2. Where _____ nowadays? (you work)

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3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

What time _____ after work? (Ken get home) It’s amazing how many people _____ for too much. (eat) Oh dear, this milk _____ awful. (taste) What _____ this word _____ ? (mean) She _____ with her sister at the moment until she _____ somewhere to live. (stay/find) 8. Joe wants to be a pilot when he _____ . (grow up) 9. He _____ the bus to school every morning. (catch) 10. I never _____ TV in my free time. (watch) 11. My father _____ an old man now. (to be) 12. Give my love to Steve if you _____ him. (see) 13. How many languages _____ ? (you speak) 14. A car mechanic _____ a spanner. (use) 15. The number of people going abroad _____ at the moment. (increasing) 16. _____ you _____ in Santa Clause? (believe) 17. I _____ it would be a good idea to arrive earlier. (think) 18. What _____ you _____ about? You look so disappointed. (think) 19. Give me this book, please. I _____ it at the moment. (need) 20. This computer _____ to me (belong) from this very moment. Exc. 54: Imagine you are writing a letter to a friend, giving news about people you both know. Make up sentences using the words given below. 10.

Ex. Mark/ go to Canada Mark has gone to Canada.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Ann/pass her exam. Mary/visit India twice. I/see Kate recently. Mr. Jenkins/to retire from his job. I/don’t see Jane since Friday. Milly / fall in love. Larry and Monica/decide/to get divorced. Exc. 55: Use the Present Perfect or the Past Simple tense instead of the infinitives in brackets. 1. -How long you (to know) Jack? -I (to know) him for two years. -Where you (to see) him first? 2. -I just (to have) my first French lesson. -How it (to go)? You (to enjoy) it? 3. -I can’t find my pen. You (to see) it? -Yes, you (to leave) it in the study. I (to put) it back on your table. 4. -What are you looking for? You (to lose) your glasses? Let me help you -Oh, thanks. I (to find) them already.

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5. I (to know) you for many years, but I never (to hear) you speak like that before. What (to happen)? 6. Are you tired? Yes, a little. I (to paint) the ceiling today. 7. We (not/see) Peter this week, but we (see) him a couple of weeks ago. 8. _____ it (stop) raining yet? 9. My husband (to work) in the bank for three years since 1990 to 1993. 10. _____ the post (come) today? 11. The film already (to start). 12. I’m afraid. I (to forget) my book. 13. Karen just (to pass) her exams. 14. I (to break) my leg, so I can’t walk. 15. He (to be ill) for a week. Exc. 56: Translate into Russian and comment on the use of the Present Perfect Progressive. 1. My sister has been staying with us for three days. 2. It has been snowing since Friday. 3. He’s been working here since 1998. 4. She has been telling me how good you are since you left the room. 5. Since when have you been sitting here? Have you been waiting here long? 6. The sun is shining but the ground is wet because it has been raining. 7. Why are you so tired? What have you been doing. 8. She has been playing tennis since she was six. 9. He hasn’t been feeling very well recently. 10. She has been crying. Exc. 57: Complete the following using the Present Perfect Progressive Tense. 11.

Ex. He is very tired (He/to play/football). He has been playing football.

1. The girl’s eyes are red. (She/to cry) 2. He is looking at his watch. (He/to wait/for a long time). 3. His hands are dirty. (He/to work in his garden). 4. Their eyes ache .(They/to watch TV/since morning). 5. He’s got a cough. (He/to smoke/since he was a teenager). 6. His fingers are stained with ink. (He/to write a dictation). 7. They look exhausted .(They/to work overtime/ lately). 8. Linda knows this place well. (She/to travel around/a lot). 9. The batteries have ran out (She/to listen to the radio for six hours). 10. Bill speaks English well (He/ to learn English since he was ten).

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Exc. 58: Look at the list of things. Kate and Mike had/hadn’t done before they went to the airport. They phoned their friends asking them to help them out. Make up their replies. 12. Ex. Before I left the house I hadn’t turned on the security system. Before I left the house I had taken the tickets.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Had done turn off the cooker close the kitchen window take the plants to the neighbors cancel the milk shut the fridge door

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Hadn’t done take the passport take the camera cancel the newspapers turn off the radio pack the umbrella

Exc. 59: Choose the right variant. 1. We were late. The meeting _____ an hour before. a. started b. had started 2. She was the most delightful person I _____. a. ever met b. had ever met 3. I _____ early and got out of bed. a. woke up b. had woken up 4. That morning she went out after she _____ somebody. a. phoned b. had phoned 5. The sun _____, it _____ dark, and we went home. a. set, got b. had set, got 6. The Hills managed to arrive exactly on time because they _____ a taxi. a. took b. had taken 7. I saw a nice kitten when I _____ the basket a. opened b. had opened 8. She _____ speaking over the phone when the telephone rang again. a. hardly finished b. had hardly finished 9. Jill was afraid she _____ her key at home, but she found it in her handbag. a. forgot b. had forgotten 10. I apologized I _____ her. a. didn’t phone b. hadn’t phoned

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Exc. 60: Look at these sentences and match questions and answers. 1. Where’s Bill? 2. Are you going to the film tonight? 3. Do you know Pete? 4. Can we go out? 5. May I borrow your book? 6. Do you know London well? 7. How do you feel? 8. Why isn’t Ben at work today? 9. Do you still work at Smith’s 10. Do you live near here

a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j.

No, I’ve seen it before After I’ve finished the washing up Yes, I’ve worked there ever since 1980 Yes, I’ve lived here for years Awful, I think I’ve caught a cold He’s gone shopping I don’t know. Perhaps he’s had an No, we’ve just moved here No, I’ve never met him before I’m afraid I’ve left it at home

Exc. 61: Use the information above to complete these sentences. 1. He told me Bill... 2. I didn’t go to the film because… 3. I didn’t know Pete. In fact... 4. We couldn’t go out until... 5. I couldn’t lend her my book because... 6. He knew London well because... 7. I felt too bad, I was sure that... 8. Ben couldn’t go to work because... Exc. 62: Use the Past Simple, the Past Progressive, the Past Perfect or the Past Perfect Progressive Tense instead of the infinitives in brackets. 1. He (to look) at her. He (to know) she (to cry). 2. When he (to come) home, he (to see) that something (to happen). 3. When the lesson (to be) over, the teacher (to ask) the students to turn in the tests they (to write) since its beginning. 4. Bob (to return) to the book he (to read) before his mother (to enter). He (to try) to concentrate, but he couldn’t. Her last word still (to ring) in his ears. 5. “What are you thinking of?” he (to ask) after he (to look at) her a few seconds. But she (not to answer). She (to try) to gather her thoughts. 6. When he (to dress), he (to go) downstairs and (to write) a long letter to his sister who (to stay) at her friends. 7. I (not to be) here ten minutes before your brother (to come in).

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8. When I (to come) everyone (to stop) talking. They (to talk) about my birthday and the presents and (not to wont) to tell me anything beforehand. 9. How long this man (to stand) there and (to watch) you before you (to notice) him. 10. She (to phone) and (to call) a taxi. She (to sit) and (to wait) only five minutes when a car (to come). She (to rush) to the station where Mike (to wait) already. Exc. 63: Decide the order in which these things happen. Then write two sentences using “after” and the Past Perfect. 13.

The prisoner ran across the yard. He jumped out of the window. He climbed over the wall. After the prisoner had jumped out of the window he ran across the yard. After he had run across the yard, he climbed over the wall.

1. The bank clerk gave it to me. She looked at my cheque. She counted out the money. 2. The tourists get out of the coach. They got back in the coach. They look photos. 3. The reporter wrote a report on the accident. She interviewed the people here. She went to the scene of the accident. 4. The mechanic put a new tyre on. He put the wheel back on. He took the wheel off the car. 5. I got good marks for my exams. I studied hard. My parents bought me a wonderful present. 6. The teacher gave test papers. We revised the material. We started to write the test. Exc. 64: Make up questions from the words given below according to the pattern. Then answer the questions. 14.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Where/meals/to cook? Where are meals cooked? They are cooked in the kitchen.

Where/the patients/to operate on? When/she exams/to take? Where/English/to speak? When/dinner/usually to eat? What/bags/to make of? When/the tests/to write? When/the children/to put to bed?

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8. What/glasses/to make of? 9. Where/books/to print? 10. What/furniture/to make of? Exc. 65: Make up sentences describing what is being done now. 15.

The money/to count. The money is being counted.

1. The windows/to clean/me. 2. The student/to examine/in this room. 3. The road/to repair/the workman. 4. The wheat/do harvest. 5. A dog/to wash/its master. 6. The trees/to plant/in the yard. 7. A radio/to play. 8. The patient/to operate on. 9. The fire/to put out/fireman. 10. The tourists/to show/around the city Exc. 66: Translate into Russian. 1. The old fireplace has been built in this room recently. 2. The cartoon character Mickey Mouse was created by Walt Disney. 3. What has changed in this room? Have you put a new carpet? 4. Teachers were given a new pay rise. 5. A valuable painting was stolen from the gallery last night. 6. The thief took only money. The diamonds haven’t been taken. 7. Someone was here last night. My bracelets and some rings have been taken. 8. The patient was operated last week. 9. Yesterday I was given nice presents. 10. Someone has spilled some wine on the table-cloth and you see that some glasses have been broken. Exc. 67: Rewrite these sentences in the passive. 1. I couldn’t use my car last Sunday. 2. We didn’t go to the party because they hadn’t invited us. 3. When the taxi arrived, we were packing things. 4. When I came into the room, the students have still been asking questions. 5. Who invented the electric bulb? 6. What books did they ask for? 7. Does he wash his car every day? 8. Are they visiting this museum on Monday? 9. I will have finished this work by three o’clock. 10. They will have built the swimming pool in this street by next summer. 11. When will they send him abroad? 12. They will certainly bring us this parcel.

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13. Where do they sell books? 14. Where will we write the test? 15. I am cleaning the windows. 16. Is your man making a birthday cake in the kitchen? Exc. 68: Answer the questions in the same way as in sentences 1. 1. Someone describes you as ‘witty’. Are you flattered or insulted? If someone described me as ‘witty’ I would be flattered. 2. In a restaurant you order a ‘leek’. Do you drink it or eat it? If … 3. There is a ‘leak’ in your bathroom. Do you call a plumber or a carpenter? 4. You buy a ‘badge’. Do you put it on your finger or your jacket? 5. You have a ‘budgie’ as a pet. Do you keep it in a tank or a cage? 6. Someone gives you a pair of ‘mittens’. Do you wear them or give them some milk? 7. You have to change a wheel or your car. Do you need ‘a saw’ or a ‘spanner’? Exc. 69: Put the verbs into the sentences, using the correct form of the verb, so the (b) sentences mean as nearly as possible the same as the (a) sentences. Add “not” where necessary. 1. a) I won’t introduce you to her because I don’t know her. b) If I (know) knew her I (introduce) would introduce you to her. 2. a) He says that because he believes it. b) He (say) that if he (believe) it. 3. a) I’m not a doctor because I’m not clever enough. b) If I (be) clever enough, I (be) a doctor. 4. a) He reads so much because he is a student. b) He (read) so much if he (be) a student. 5. a) We do not die because there is oxygen in the atmosphere. b) If there (be) no oxygen in the atmosphere, we (die). 6. a) I won’t explain it to you because I don’t understand it myself. b) If I (understand) it myself iI (explain) it to you. 7. a) You are not more sympathetic to the sick because you are so healthy yourself. b) If you (be) so healthy yourself, you (be) more sympathetic to the sick. 8. a) I do not stop eating because I do not weight twenty stone. b) If I (weigh) twenty stone, I (stop) eating. 9. a) He hasn’t any sense because he doesn’t work hard enough to pass his exams. b) If he (have) any sense, he (work) hard enough to pass his exams. Exc. 70: Change the following type 1 conditional sentences into type 2 conditional sentences as in example. 16.

Ex. If she behaves like that again, I won’t talk to her any more. If she behaved like that again, I wouldn’t talk to her any more.

1. I’ll come to see you if I have time. 2. If they are more tolerant towards each other, they’ll quarrel less. 3. If we have a better teacher, we’ll learn more.

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4. If you stop eating so many cakes, you’ll get slimmer. 5. If I get lost, I’ll ask a policeman to help me find the way. 6. You’ll find the answers to your questions if you read this essay. 7. If I have more luck, I won’t get into trouble. Exc. 71: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1. If he (miss) his flight, he won’t be able to go to Madrid. 2. If I (not/have) enough time to cook, I’ll order a pizza. 3. He talks as if we (be) all idiots. 4. If you (tie) the boat it wouldn’t drifted away. 5. If I had know that you couldn’t eat fish I (not/buy) it. 6. We’ll have a long way to walk if we (run) out of petrol here. 7. If anyone attacked me, my dog (jump) at his throat. Exc. 72: Rewrite these sentences using an “if” construction. 1. We didn’t go by air because we hadn’t enough money. 2. People drive very fast. That’s why there are so many accidents. 3. I don’t know his address, so I can’t write to him. 4. I feel bad, probably I’ve eaten to much for dinner. 5. She is quite plump because she likes eating chips and chocolate. 6. He didn’t take part in the competition because he had the flu. Exc. 73: Fill in the blanks with if or unless. 1. We won’t go to the beach tomorrow ___ it is raining. 2. We’ll go to the beach tomorrow ___ it is raining. 3. We will go to the beach tomorrow ___ it isn’t raining. 4. ___ we hurry, we’ll miss the train. 5. ___ we don’t hurry, we’ll miss the train. 6. We’ll catch the train ___ we hurry. 7. You can’t see the game ___ you’ve got a ticket. 8. You can see the game ___ you have a ticket. 9. You’ll never pass your driving test ___ you don’t work harder. 10. You won’t pass your test ___ you drive more carefully. Exc. 74: Write a short composition on one of the following topics. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

If I were a millionaire. If I were a film-star. If I were the President. If I were the governor of my town. If I were a girl/boy. If I found 1 000 dollars.

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Exc. 75: Choose on the words given in brackets to complete each of the sentences below. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

I _____ to him that he would have to wait (explained/told). He _____ me that it was time to go (mentioned/informed). She _____ to him that they should reconsider their decision (suggested/persuaded). We were _____ that you would pay the Bill (told/said). It was _____ that there would be another meeting me following week (informed/announced). 6. George _____ to he that he might look in to see me (promised/mentioned).

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Составители: К няжев аЕ ленаА лександров на К рупинаИ в аннаА лександров на. Редактор БунинаТ .Д .

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