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FIFO
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10-17 ---
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LPT--
,
37916=88910. 37816=88810.
Borland Pascal 7.0
,
1
.0
2-9
1.
,
,
MS--DOS QBasic 1.0. QBasic 37916=88910 x=INP(&H379) x=INP(889). OUT &H378, 123 OUT 888, 63. Pascal : Port[888]:=212; Port[378]:=12; --212 12 88810; x:=Port[889]; x:=Port[379]; --88910 x. 2.
. 2
-. 1.1).
LPT (
11
25)
1,
37916 01111111 (127), x=INP(&H379). LPT--
11111111 (255). LPT 0.
, ,
37916
--
WHILE INKEY = "": PRINT INP(&H379); : WEND
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
1
. :
127,
"1".
, -- 1
? .
2, CLS : WHILE WHILE 1 WHILE 2 WEND END
,x "0".
.
1, 127,
---
x = INP(&H379) ' - 1 INKEY$ = "" 'QBASIC x <> 127: x = INP(&H379): PRINT "1"; : WEND ' x = 127: x = INP(&H379): PRINT "0"; : WEND
-- 2 ".
1,
,x
. (
'
.
1),
--
T0
, 2,
".
, --
T
.
T-T0,
.
,
.
CLS : x = INP(&H379) WHILE x = 127: x = INP(&H379): PRINT " WEND : T0 = TIMER WHILE x <> 127: x = INP(&H379): PRINT " WEND: T = TIMER: PRINT " END
,
' - 2 'QBASIC ' 1
"
" ", T - T0
-- 3 ,
'
2
. 5-20 , .
. CLS : x = INP(&H379) WHILE x = 127
' - 3 'QBASIC
x = INP(&H379): PRINT " ": WEND t0 = TIMER WHILE x <> 127 x = INP(&H379): PRINT " ": WEND WHILE x = 127 x = INP(&H379): PRINT " ": WEND t = TIMER: PRINT " ", t - t0 END
'
1
'
2
'
3
. 1.
.
3.
.
1, 3, . 1.2).
:
0
1
4
2
. ,
37816 .1
3 2-9
25
. LPT.
255,
. ,
( 1
2.
. 1.2),
,
LPT LPT
2, ,
.
-- 4 111111112=255,
1 011111112=127, "0". ,
OUT &H378, 255 WHILE INKEY$ = "" : x = INP(&H379) WHILE x <> 127: x = INP(&H379): PRINT "1";
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
LPT-. "1".
' - 4 'QBASIC ' 1
WEND : t0 = TIMER WHILE x = 127: x = INP(&H379): PRINT "0"; WEND: t = TIMER: PRINT t - t0 WEND: END
'
2
. -- 4,
PRINT "1". 2.
2
PRINT "0"
1,
T0
.
, T
.
T-T0
, .
,
,
. .
,
T0 ,
T.
T-T0
.
,
,
. 3.
.
, (
. 2.1).
. ,
LPT--
, (
, 155 3, . 2.2).
, )
t(
, . .
,
,
,
. ,1
. 2.
.
-- 5 ; LPT-dt
.
1, dt.
, .
,
M. dt
,
. SCREEN 2 ' - 5 LINE (10,180)-(640,180): LINE (10,0)-(10,480) 'QBASIC OUT (888), 255: M = .2 WHILE INKEY$ = "" n = 0: dt = 1: t0 = TIMER: t = t0 +.01 WHILE t - t0 < dt x = INP(889): 'PRINT " x= ", x; IF (y = 127) AND (x <> 127) THEN n = n + 1 y = x: t = TIMER WEND: n = M * (n - 80): tt = tt + dt LINE (10+tt*5, 180-n/dt)-(10+(tt-dt)*5, 180-nn/dt) nn = n: 'PRINT " ", n / dt; WEND END
3.2.
1.
. .
LPT--
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
--
. OUT { }, { Pascal --- port[{
(
37816=88810 LPT-, .0 }( }]:= {
x 1,
QBasic , OUT &H378, 25), }( , port[888]:=134).
-. 1,
0
( k+1
. 1,
(
). . 1). 255, , x
,
k-
. 1) 2
, ,
.
x. . ,
, R17
C1.
. 1.
. ,
: 0, 0,
0, 0, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0, 255, 255, 255, 255 ... x 0 255, 0, 0 255 . , MP3-QBasic, LPT--
.
. .
--1.
,
.
0, 127, 255, 0, 127, 255 .
.
,
WHILE INKEY$ = "" ' - 1 OUT &H378, 255 'QBASIC FOR i = 1 TO 500: PRINT "255": NEXT OUT &H378, 127 FOR i = 1 TO 500: PRINT "127": NEXT OUT &H378, 0 : FOR i = 1 TO 500: PRINT "0": NEXT WEND 2. .
, 0,1 - 1 c ( ,
--2).
.
. WHILE INKEY$ = "" OUT &H378, 255 FOR i = 1 TO 100: PRINT "255": NEXT OUT &H378, 0 FOR i = 1 TO 200: PRINT "0": NEXT WEND --2
' - 2 'QBASIC
,
. , 378_{16}=888_{10} 0, 1, 2, 3, ..., 255, 0, 1, 2, ... ( . --3). , 2-3 . ,
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
. ,
, C1. Borland Pascal 7.0. --3,
. .
uses crt, dos; var i: integer; BEGIN Repeat For i:=1 to 255 do begin port[888]:=i; write(i,' '); delay(10); end; until KeyPressed; END. --4,
.
' - 3 'PASCAL
.
. .
uses crt, dos; var i: integer; ' - 4 BEGIN 'PASCAL Repeat i:=i+1; port[888]:=round(127+127*sin(i/100)); until KeyPressed; END. s='101...11'. -A2.
( A1,
--5),
: ---
uses crt, dos; ' - 5 var i: integer; x,s: string; A,k: integer; 'PASCAL BEGIN clrscr; s:='101010101011001101101010011101010101001010101110011'; For i:=1 to length(s) do begin x:=copy(s,i,1); If x='1' then A:=127 else A:=30; writeln(x); k:=0; repeat inc(k); port[888]:=round(127+A*sin(k/10)); until (k>1000)or(keypressed);
end; END. --6),
,
s='101...11'. --
: ---
1,
2.
uses crt, dos; ' - 6 var i: integer; x,s: string; 'PASCAL W,k: integer; begin clrscr; s:='101011110101010110101010011101010101001010101110011'; For i:=1 to length(s) do begin x:=copy(s,i,1); If x='1' then W:=1 else W:=2; writeln(x); k:=0; repeat inc(k); port[888]:=round(127+127*sin(W*k/30)); until (k>10000)or(keypressed); end; end. 3.
. --
(
).
,
.
f
f
.
f, 11
. 2.
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
LPT--
.
.
.
. 2. VD1, 2--4
R4
,
.
C1 3
DA1,
.
2
. ,
. --7.
, x
x.
1,
1.
x ,
, .
uses crt, graph; -7 var DV, MV, EC, u, uu, x, time: integer; F: text; 'PASCAL Procedure GraphInit; begin DV:=Detect; InitGraph(DV,MV,'c:\bp\bgi'); EC:=GraphResult; if EC<>grOK then Halt(1); end; BEGIN Assign(F,'c:\bp\data.txt'); Rewrite(F); GraphInit; repeat x:=0; repeat uu:=u; u:=port[889]; delay(15); if u<>127 then x:=x+1; until (uu=127)and(u<>127); time:=time+1; circle(3*time,400-x*1,1); circle(3*time,400-x*1,2); WriteLn(F, x); if 3*time>640 then begin time:=0; cleardevice; end; until Keypressed; CloseGraph;Close(F); End.
,
, $\approx$ 2--4
.
,
0--10 , .
, 500
10--100 .
,
.
,
2.
(
),
.
, .
,
.
. 3.
, . 3.
LM393N, U
.
2
DA1.
3
C1, 3 .0 VT1 VT2, ,
C1 0
2, . 1. VT2.
C2 ,
.
1
U .
VT3. . 4.
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
LPT-
1
C1 C3 1 DA1
C1
R3.
R3.
,
. DA1
. 4.
-
500
33
.
0,2
;
9
.
, , .
: 1)
k=10
,
. 2)
k ,
3)
t.
:
.
k t.
,
, --
:
,
,
k+1
.
4
).
,
uses crt, dos; var i,j,x,xx,t: longint; k: integer; begin clrscr; repeat inc(t); xx:=x; x:=port[889]; {delay(1);}
t t,
if (x=127)and(xx=63) then k:=k+1; if (t>20000)and(x=127)and(xx=63) then begin writeln('vremya ',t/k); t:=0; k:=1; end; until keypressed; end. 4.
555. 555.
. 5. 0,5
, ,
.
5
10
. 5.
.
555. 15
. 0
15
,
.
3.3.
1. LPT,
,
.0 .1 37816=88810 OUT { OUT &H378, 15
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
. . . }, {
}.
.
37816 .1,
000011112.
2, 3, 4, 5 LPT----
.0.
. 1.
LPT-
, . 29.1). 000000012 6410=010000002, 1510=000011112, -- 1
8
37816 , .
,
WHILE INKEY$ = "" x = 0 : OUT &H378, x = 1 : OUT &H378, x = 2 : OUT &H378, x = 4 : OUT &H378, x = 8 : OUT &H378, x = 16: OUT &H378, x = 32: OUT &H378,
110= .
QBasic.
. .
.
, --. x: x: x: x: x: x: x:
GOSUB GOSUB GOSUB GOSUB GOSUB GOSUB GOSUB
10 10 10 10 10 10 10
' - 1 'QBASIC
x = 64: OUT &H378, x: GOSUB 10 x =128: OUT &H378, x: GOSUB 10 WEND '======= ========= 10 FOR i = 1 TO 200: PRINT x: NEXT: RETURN ,
)
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); ) ,
; ;
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, ,
.(
.( ;
,
,
.
3.4. 1. .
, ;
(
LPT-
. 1.2). .
.
. 1.
.
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
-1, (
---
),
. 1.1.
.
-,
,
.
,
uses crt, dos, graph; {Borland Pascal 7.0} var Gd,Gm,i,k,n,kx,ky,r,r1,s,porog: integer; t: longint; osv,osv1,osv2: real; BEGIN Randomize; porog:=200; Gd:=Detect; InitGraph(Gd,Gm,'c:/bp/bgi'); Repeat Repeat t:=t+1; r1:=r; r:=port[889]; If (r=127)and(r1<>127) then k:=k+1; until (t>100000)and(r=127)and(r1<>127); osv2:=osv1; osv1:=osv; osv:=t/k; t:=0; k:=1; {writeln(osv,' ',t,' ',k);} If n>640 then begin n:=0; cleardevice; end; If n>200 then porog:=500; setcolor(white); line(n,480-round(osv/2),n-1,480-round(osv1/2)); circle(n,480-round(osv/2),2); If osv<porog then setcolor(white) else setcolor(black); s:=abs(round((osv2-porog)/10)); n:=n+2; For i:=1 to s do circle(random(100),random(100),5); until KeyPressed; END. ,
. 0
100000.
,
.
, osv=t/k .
k, t
s
s
osv ) porog: s=|osv-porog|/10. osv1
osv2.
. porog
200
500.
, ).
(
,
.
IBM PC 486D2X. .2 . , .
.
.
.
. 2.
. 4
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
,
. ,
: (
, .
).
:
,
. 2.
,
. . .
,
, .
, (
,
.
, )
. .
. 3.
,
. . (
uses crt, dos,graph;
,
. 3).
var Gd,Gm,i,k,n,kx,ky,r,r1,s,porog: integer; t: longint; osv,osv1,osv2: real; BEGIN kx:=640; porog:=300; Gd:=Detect; InitGraph(Gd,Gm,'c:/bp/bgi'); Repeat t:=0; k:=1; inc(n); Repeat inc(t); r1:=r; r:=port[889]; If (r=127)and(r1<>127) then k:=k+1; until (t>2000)and((r=127)and(r1<>127)); osv1:=osv; osv:=t/k; If osv<porog then begin dec(kx); delay(1); line(kx,0,kx,100); end; If osv>porog then begin setcolor(black); repeat line(kx,0,kx,100); inc(kx); delay(1); until kx>640; setcolor(white); end; circle(round(n/10),250-round((640-kx)/5),1); line(round(n/10),470-round(osv/2), round((n-1)/10),470-round(osv1/2)); until KeyPressed; END.
3.5.
--
( .
).
, ,
(
).
.
LPT-( 1.
,
( ,
,
,
,
).
, ) .
,
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
. 7,
LPT-2,
3
6
.1.1).
,
3
,
,
. 1.2.
5
.
,
.
. 1.
.
,
, .
. LPT--
,
,
.
,
. ,
: ,
,
,
. .
, ,
--1. .
, ,
.
. , 50,
100 . 1 : CLS : OUT &H378, 4: k = 0 ' -1 WHILE k < 120: x = INP(&H379): PRINT x; 'QBASIC IF (x = 119) AND (y = 127) THEN k = k + 1 y = x: PRINT k: WEND: OUT &H378, 5 FOR i = 1000 TO 500 STEP -20 SOUND i, i / 300: NEXT k = 0: OUT &H378, 4 WHILE k < 250: x = INP(&H379): PRINT x; IF (x = 119) AND (y = 127) THEN k = k + 1 y = x: PRINT k: WEND OUT &H378, 5: SOUND 500, 10 FOR i = 1 TO 1500: PRINT " ": NEXT: GOTO 1 END , . . 2. . , .
(
) ) ,
, 0.
,
, 0.
, 16
, . .
,
LPT-
.
, ,
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
Borland Pascal 7.0.
,
T, ). 0
T. (
. 2).
, ( , ,
,
. 2.1, 2.2). 0
T. 0.
. 2.
.
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
. 2.1 ,
,
. , t.
T ,
(
. 2.2).
,
, . .
. 2.3
,
(t) t1, t2, t3, , 0.
03
T(t)
T, 02,
.
3.
.
LPT-
.
, ,
. 3).
,
, 5
,
.
. 3.
. -2 port[888]:=255; (
. 0)
1(
0)
2--9
LPT--
1
. .
. 0,05
.
. . 3)
(
x[i] (
,
sredn) .
uses crt, graph; const n=200; m=5; ' -2 var x: array [0..N] of integer; 'PASCAL s, sredn, Gd, Gm, i, z: integer; BEGIN Gd:=Detect; InitGraph(Gd,Gm, 'c:\bp\bgi'); if graphResult <> grOk then Halt(1); port[$226]:=1; delay(10); port[$226]:=0; Repeat {Repeat port[$22C]:=$20; until port[$22A]-127>5;} port[888]:=255; delay(15); port[888]:=0; delay(15); port[888]:=255; delay(15); port[888]:=0; s:=0; for i:=1 to n do begin port[$22C]:=$20; x[i]:=(port[$22A]-127); delay(1); s:=s+x[i]; end; sredn:=round(s/n); for i:=1 to n do begin circle(m*i,240-x[i]+sredn,2); line(m*i,240-x[i]+sredn, m*(i-1),240-z+sredn); z:=x[i]; end; delay(3000); cleardevice; until KeyPressed; END. 3.
. . ,
0,2 x=x(t). ,
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
(
5
)
( )
11
LPT-
. 3
,
,
LPT-
. .
,
11
LPT-
,
, ,
.
, (
),
,
. 888
3
.
LPT--
1,
.
1
xx[i]
889
. ,
1,
xx[i]. . 100 , cleardevice;). KeyPressed;
( --3). 210= 000000102
xx[i]
889. 2,
delay(100); ( Repeat ... untill ,
. uses crt,graph; var t,DV, MV, EC, x, y, k, time, i :integer; 'PASCAL xx : array[1..1200] of integer; Begin DV:=Detect; InitGraph(DV,MV,'c:\bp\bgi'); EC:=GraphResult; if EC<>grOK then Halt(1); end; repeat { } port[888]:=2; delay(2); port[888]:=0; { }
'
-3
for i:=1 to 1200 do xx[i]:=port[889]; { 1} for i:=1 to 1200 do begin { 2} if xx[i]<120 then xx[i]:=200 else xx[i]:=0; { if i/50=round(i/50) then line(i,0,i,480); } circle(round(i/2),240-xx[i],2); end; { 2} delay(100); cleardevice; { } until keypressed; { CloseGraph; End. .
,
.
,
.
3.6.
1%
1 -- 0,1 -- 0,01 . ,
.
. 1.
. ( 1 3, 5,
}
,
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
2,
. 1.1). 4
.
(2--5
) .
8, NE555 ( 1 -- 8 , . LPT-
-1 .
. 1.
,
. 2). .
Borland Pascal 7.0, ,
.
uses crt, graph; { - 1 } var x,x1,x2,v,v1 : real; { Borland Pascal 7.0 } DV,MV,EC,a,b,k,t,time : integer; BEGIN DV:=Detect; InitGraph(DV,MV,'c:\bp\bgi'); EC:=GraphResult; Repeat t:=0; k:=0; Repeat a:=port[889]; If (a=127)and(b<>127) then inc(k); b:=a; t:=t+1; until k>1000; x:=(t-20000)/8+350; v:=(x2-x)/4; inc(time); Line(round(time),round(x),round(time-1),round(x1)); Line(round(x1),round(200+v*10),round(x2),round(200+v1*10) ); x2:=x1; x1:=x; v1:=v; x1:=x; If time>640 then begin cleardevice; time:=0; end;
until KeyPressed; CloseGraph; end.
. 2.
. .
. 3.1)
(
. 3.3). .
. 3.2),
.
25
,
,
160
, 6,
3
0,5 -- 2
( 7
2, 4 10
.
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
.
. 3.4). 1
, ( . 3.5). . 1.2.
.
4
5, 6,
, 1
. 3.
(
).
2.
. , 1,
(
. 4.1).
2, 6
7.
3 4
, 5. 9. . 4.2. ,
8
LPT --
4 ,
, ).
. 4.
.
,
10
.
.
. ,
,
.
. ,
(
.5
,
6).
:
,
;
.
- 2. , . 5.2). , ,
,
. 15
280
3
5 (
. 5.
(1),
. 6.
(3).
(
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
, . 5.3).
(2)
).
Uses crt, graph; { - 2} Var Mt, Mx, x, x1 : real; { Borland Pascal 7.0 } DV, MV, EC, a, b, k, t, time : integer; BEGIN DV :=Detect; InitGraph(DV, MV ,' c:\bp\bgi '); EC :=GraphResult; Mt: =10; Mx: =2; Repeat t:=0; k:=0; Repeat a:=port[889]; t:=t+1; If (a=127)and(b<>127) then inc(k); b:=a; until t>1500; inc(time); x:=k/Mx; Circle(round(time/Mt),round(x),1); Line(round(time/Mt),round(x),round((time1)/Mt),round(x1)); x1:=x; If time>640*Mt then begin cleardevice; time:=0; end; until KeyPressed; CloseGraph; END.
3.7.
20
.
, ,
--
.
,
,
. (
)
1.
.
. , , ,
,
,
8,
-(
,
. 1). . ,
--
, ,
,
.
256-
,
8-
.
LPTMSDOS
.
IBM486DX2 Pentium, Windows98.
,
,
Borland Pascal 7.0.
. 1.
. -1. "
(
, ( . -2.
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
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, . 2.3
. 2.
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. -3
a, b, c, d ...
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.,
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1, 2, 3 ...
a, b, c, d ... .
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
. 3.1 .
. 3.2
. 3. . 3. . .
,
, .
, ), "
U,
"
Ui=i
i=-6,-5, ... ,5,6, : (-4,4), (2,5) x1
. ,
x2. r=2
, L 2r=4 ( . 4). (0,0), (4,0), (2,4), (-2,4), (-4,0), (-2,-4), (2,-4). (0,0) (4,0) 4, (0,0) (2,4) 6. .
.
.
r=2, , (2,4)
(2,4), y=(2,4). y'=(3,3). .
--
y'
y (2,4),
(-1,5), .
, y, ,
. 4.
.
256
. 140
.
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
,
m=1,84. y:
-5 (
-- (75, 225), (
b -- (125, 225)
. 5.1). .
-6
(y1,y2)
.
.
,
(125, 225), ---
.
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.
,
(x, y),
(y1,y2)
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1, 2, 3, ...,
(75, 225),
. 5.
. .
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.
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.
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.
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. 7. 5.
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--
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.
,
. 8.1). 1
, LPT--
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3 2.
,
25 2.
LPT--
1
, ,
---
11
100 LPT--
, QBasic
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. 8.
. -,
-LPT--
0
1,
1, ,
, f1,
. ,
2
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
, "0" ---
"1" ---
. 0.
f2, ,
--
. -. LPT--
1
2 5
0
1.
1
LPT--.
1
4,
--
3(
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1, .
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3, 4. 5, ,
, --
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LPT-
6.
.
: ,
6. 2 ,
.
6 0 0
. 8.2).
, .
32
3.8. 1. .
1,2
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1, (
2
1
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. 1).
--1
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,
,
1 4
, ,
.
0,4
, ,
.
. 1.
. , 5
.
10 . 555
.
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
. ,
.
. 2.
, .
. 2.
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1
.
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2
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. 4.
.
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
10 0,1648
.
96 5
.
, . . 13,54
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8,56 5-7 %
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. ,
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.
.
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.
. 5.
v2=1,56 2 . 3.
3,
b=3 . , g=9,34
.
2
; 2) v1=0,70 2 9,81 . .
2,
a=12 , : 1) v1=0,83 , , v2=1,58 , g=11,1
. 5:
1 .
2 , ,
4. 555.
LPT) -2
20
, .
,
-- 1,5
.
. 5.
. : ,
.
(
.
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) .
10-20
,
.
3.9.
, ,
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
-, , 1.
,
.
,
. .
,
,
,
, .
: (
--
2
. 1.1). 1
,
.
, .
. 1.
,
. a=6
b=4 x3 3) 1 ,1
(
,4 ,1 , 2,5 .
. 1.2). 6 . 1.3. x1, x2, : 1) 1 ,2 ,3 ; 2) 2 ,2 ; 4) 4 ,1 ,1 ; 5) 1 ,1 ,4
-1, , ttt[i].
a[i,j],
j=1, 2, 3 --
x1, x2, x3,
,
i=1, 2, 3, ..., 6, -,
ttt[i-2]+ttt[i-1]+ttt[i], , xj (j=1, 2, 3).
, ,2 ; ; 6) 2,5 , xj.
. x1, x2, x3, L
a[i,j].
,
.
2.
. )
.
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
6 .
,
-2, .
, .
, .
a[i,j].
.
, (
),
,
.
[
1999. --- N 3. --2.
,
]/ . 48--64.
.--
. ,
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.
.,
.
.
.
-. ---
, . . --: 1964. --- 324 c.
,
.[ .:
:
]/
4.
5.
,
.,
. 6.
. .
.
. ---
. [
. ---
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, . , 1986. --- 319 .
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.
--
,
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. --,
--
.
[ ]/ , 1997 --- 167 . 3.
,
,
.
1.
.
]/
.
[
. ---
]/
:
.
,
, 2006. --- 64
. 7. 8.
. :
[
, 2008. --- 2004 c ,
.
/
.
2004. --- 440 .
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
. ---
.:
]/
.
--
. -.
,
9.
, . . ---
10.
: 8--10 . . .[ , 1987. --- 192 .
.: , .
. 11. / . 12.
,
.
.
, . , 1985. --- 391 .
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14. .
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., 1986. --- 431 .
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15.
.
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. -.--: . ---
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,
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.
:
:
. ]/
.
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. ---
. ---
, 1988. --- 263 .
.:
[
.:
]
555
: , 1989. --- 352 c.
.: .
[ ]/ . , 1991. --- 688 .
. 2-.[ ] // . --: . . , 1974. --- .1. -- 607 c. .2. -- 620 c.
.
. .
