Инфинитивные конструкции: Лексико-грамматический практикум по английскому языку

ÌÈÍÈÑÒÅÐÑÒÂÎ ÎÁÐÀÇÎÂÀÍÈß ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÎÉ ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈÈ ÂÎËÃÎÃÐÀÄÑÊÈÉ ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÉ ÓÍÈÂÅÐÑÈÒÅÒ

Êàôåäðà àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà

Î.Â. ÌÀÐ×ÅÍÊÎ

ÈÍÔÈÍÈÒÈÂÍÛÅ ÊÎÍÑÒÐÓÊÖÈÈ

Ëåêñèêî-ãðàììàòè÷åñêèé ïðàêòèêóì ïî àíãëèéñêîìó ÿçûêó

Âîëãîãðàä 2000 1

ÁÁÊ 81.432.1-2ÿ73 Ì 30

Ðåöåíçåíòû: êàíä. ôèëîë. íàóê, äîö. Â.Ê. Àíäðååâà; êàíä. ôèëîë. íàóê, äîö. Å.Þ. Èëüèíîâà

Ïå÷àòàåòñÿ ïî ðåøåíèþ ó÷åíîãî ñîâåòà ôèëîëîãè÷åñêîãî ôàêóëüòåòà (ïðîòîêîë ¹ 9 îò 12.04.99)

Ìàð÷åíêî Î.Â. Èíôèíèòèâíûå êîíñòðóêöèè. Ëåêñèêî-ãðàììàòè÷åñÌ 30 êèé ïðàêòèêóì ïî àíãëèéñêîìó ÿçûêó. — Âîëãîãðàä: Èçäàòåëüñòâî ÂîëÃÓ, 2000. — 76 ñ. ISBN 5-85534-286-7 Öåëü ïðàêòèêóìà — íàó÷èòü ñòóäåíòîâ óçíàâàòü â ñïåöèàëüíûõ òåêñòàõ òàêèå èíôèíèòèâíûå êîíñòðóêöèè, êàê ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå, ñëîæíîå ïîäëåæàùåå è for+èíôèíèòèâ, à òàêæå óïîòðåáëÿòü èõ â ñîáñòâåííîé ðå÷è. Äàííûé ïðàêòèêóì ïðåäíàçíà÷åí äëÿ ñòóäåíòîâ II êóðñà íåÿçûêîâûõ ñïåöèàëüíîñòåé.

ISBN 5-85534-286-7

© Î.Â. Ìàð÷åíêî, 2000 © Èçäàòåëüñòâî Âîëãîãðàäñêîãî ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà, 2000 2

Ï Ð Å Ä È Ñ Ë Î Â È Å Äàííîå ïîñîáèå ïðåäíàçíà÷åíî äëÿ ñòóäåíòîâ 2 êóðñà íåÿçûêîâûõ ñïåöèàëüíîñòåé (óïðàæíåíèÿ, ñîäåðæàùèå ñïåöèàëüíûå òåðìèíû, îðèåíòèðîâàíû íà ñòóäåíòîâ ôèçè÷åñêîãî ôàêóëüòåòà). Öåëü äàííîãî ïîñîáèÿ — íàó÷èòü ñòóäåíòîâ óçíàâàòü â ñïåöèàëüíûõ òåêñòàõ òàêèå èíôèíèòèâíûå êîíñòðóêöèè àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà, êàê “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå”, “ñëîæíîå ïîäëåæàùåå” è “for+ èíôèíèòèâ”, à òàêæå óïîòðåáëÿòü èõ â ñîáñòâåííîé ðå÷è. Ïîñîáèå ñîäåðæèò ñïðàâî÷íûé ìàòåðèàë ïî ïðàâèëàì îáðàçîâàíèÿ èíôèíèòèâíûõ êîíñòðóêöèé, à òàêæå ïî ïðàâèëàì ïåðåâîäà äàííûõ ãðàììàòè÷åñêèõ îáîðîòîâ. Ïîñîáèå ðàññ÷èòàíî íà 30 àóäèòîðíûõ è 10 ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíûõ çàíÿòèé. Ñîäåðæàíèå ïîñîáèÿ ïîçâîëÿåò çàêðåïèòü ìîäåëè àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà ïóòåì óñòíûõ è ïèñüìåííûõ òðåíèðîâî÷íûõ óïðàæíåíèé. Ó÷åáíàÿ ìîäåëü âûñòóïàåò êàê ñðåäñòâî âûðàáîòêè àâòîìàòèçìà åå óïîòðåáëåíèÿ â ðå÷è. Áîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî óïðàæíåíèé âûçâàíî ñòðåìëåíèåì ñîñòàâèòåëÿ îáåñïå÷èòü äîñòàòî÷íî ïðî÷íîå óñâîåíèå ãðàììàòè÷åñêèõ ÿçûêîâûõ ìîäåëåé. Âèäû, õàðàêòåð è êîëè÷åñòâî óïðàæíåíèé çàâèñÿò îò îñîáåííîñòåé ãðàììàòè÷åñêîãî ìàòåðèàëà, à òàêæå îò òîãî, êàêîìó âèäó âëàäåíèÿ îíè ïîäëåæàò — ðåöåïòèâíîìó èëè ðåïðîäóêòèâíîìó. Îáó÷åíèå èíîñòðàííîìó ÿçûêó ñòóäåíòîâ ïðåäñòàâëÿåò çíà÷èòåëüíóþ òðóäíîñòü: äåôèöèò ó÷åáíîãî âðåìåíè â íåÿçûêîâîì âóçå, íåäîñòàòî÷íàÿ ôèëîëîãè÷åñêàÿ ïîäãîòîâêà ñòóäåíòîâ, îòñóòñòâèå ó íèõ äîëæíîãî îïûòà ðàáîòû ñ ÿçûêîì è íåêîòîðûå äðóãèå ôàêòîðû. Ïóòü ðåøåíèÿ ýòèõ ïðîáëåì — èíòåíñèôèêàöèÿ ó÷åáíîãî ïðîöåññà.  äàííîì ëåêñèêî-ãðàììàòè÷åñêîì ïðàêòèêóìå ïðåäëàãàåòñÿ îäèí èç ñïîñîáîâ òàêîé èíòåíñèôèêàöèè, à èìåííî îáåñïå÷åíèå ëîãè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìíîñòè â ïîäà÷å ãðàììàòè÷åñêîãî ìàòåðèàëà. Ãðàììàòè÷åñêèé ìàòåðèàë äàííîãî ïîñîáèÿ ïîäëåæèò ðåöåïòèâíîìó óñâîåíèþ ñî âñåìè âûòåêàþùèìè îòñþäà îñîáåííîñòÿìè ìåòîäèêè ïðîâåäåíèÿ çàíÿòèé. Äàííûé ïðàêòèêóì, ÿâëÿÿñü ñòðóêòóðíî çàêîí÷åííûì, ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàí êàê äëÿ ðàáîòû ñî ñòóäåíòàìè ïîä ðóêîâîäñòâîì ïðåïîäàâàòåëÿ, òàê è äëÿ ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíîé ðàáîòû. Ó÷åáíàÿ ðàáîòà ñ äàííûì ïîäáîðîì ìàòåðèàëà ìîæåò áûòü îðãàíèçîâàíà ïî-ðàçíîìó: a/ óïðàæíåíèÿ âûïîëíÿþòñÿ óñòíî â àóäè3

òîðèè ñîãëàñíî çàäàíèÿì ïîä ðóêîâîäñòâîì ïðåïîäàâàòåëÿ; b/ â àóäèòîðèè âûïîëíÿþòñÿ óïðàæíåíèÿ ñ ïîñëåäóþùåé èíäèâèäóàëüíîé ïðîâåðêîé êàæäîãî ñòóäåíòà. Öåëûé ðÿä ãðàììàòè÷åñêèõ çàäàíèé è óïðàæíåíèé ïðåäíàçíà÷åíû äëÿ ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíîé ðàáîòû, ïîýòîìó îíè ñíàáæåíû êëþ÷àìè-îòâåòàìè, êîòîðûå äàíû â êîíöå êàæäîãî ðàçäåëà ãðàììàòèêè è ïðàêòè÷åñêîé ÷àñòè. Êðîìå ýòîãî, ïîñîáèå îáåñïå÷èâàåò ïðîâåäåíèå ñàìîêîíòðîëÿ.  ñâÿçè ñ ýòèì ïîñëå êàæäîãî ãðàììàòè÷åñêîãî ðàçäåëà ñëåäóþò òåñòû, ïîçâîëÿþùèå îöåíèòü óðîâåíü çíàíèé è óìåíèé èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ â ðå÷è äàííûõ ãðàììàòè÷åñêèõ êîíñòðóêöèé.

4

Ã Ë À  À

1

Ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå (C o m p l e x O b j e c t) Ñâîå ìíåíèå, ñóæäåíèå èëè ïðåäïîëîæåíèå î êàêîì-ëèáî ëèöå, ôàêòå èëè ïðåäìåòå â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå ìîæíî âûðàçèòü äâóìÿ ñïîñîáàìè: 1. ñëîæíîïîä÷èíåííûì ïðåäëîæåíèåì ñ ïðèäàòî÷íûì äîïîëíåíèÿ, êîòîðûé ââîäèòñÿ, êàê ïðàâèëî, ñîþçîì that: I believe that my friend knows English well. — ß ñ÷èòàþ, ÷òî ìîé äðóã çíàåò àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê õîðîøî. 2. ïðîñòûì ïðåäëîæåíèåì ñ Complex Object: Complex Object (ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå) ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé àíãëèéñêîå äîïîëíåíèå, âûðàæåííîå ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûì èëè ëè÷íûì ìåñòîèìåíèåì, âìåñòå ñ èíôèíèòèâîì. Ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîå óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ â èìåíèòåëüíîì ïàäåæå, ìåñòîèìåíèå îáÿçàòåëüíî äîëæíî ñòîÿòü â îáúåêòíîì ïàäåæå. Èíôèíèòèâ óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ âî âñåõ ñâîèõ âèäîâðåìåííûõ ôîðìàõ. M o d e l: N + V + Object + Infinitive. N — ïîäëåæàùåå; V — ñêàçóåìîå; Î — äîïîëíåíèå. Íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê Complex Object ïåðåâîäèòñÿ, êàê ïðàâèëî, ïðèäàòî÷íûì ïðåäëîæåíèåì ñ ñîþçàìè ÷òî, ÷òîáû. Ïðè÷åì àíãëèéñêîå ìåñòîèìåíèå â îáúåêòíîì ïàäåæå ïåðåâîäèòñÿ íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê ëè÷íûì ìåñòîèìåíèåì â èìåíèòåëüíîì ïàäåæå. I believe my friend to know English well. — ß ñ÷èòàþ, ÷òî ìîé äðóã çíàåò àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê õîðîøî. Êîíñòðóêöèÿ “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå” óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ïîñëå ñëåäóþùèõ àíãëèéñêèõ ãëàãîëîâ: 1. ãëàãîëîâ æåëàíèÿ: - to want = õîòåòü - to wish = æåëàòü - should like = õîòåëîñü áû - would like = õîòåëîñü áû 2. ãëàãîëîâ ïðåäïîëîæåíèÿ: - to suppose = ïðåäïîëàãàòü - to expect = îæèäàòü 5

- to consider = ñ÷èòàòü - to assume = ñ÷èòàòü - to believe = âåðèòü - to hold = ïîëàãàòü 3. ãëàãîëîâ óòâåðæäåíèÿ: - to find = îáíàðóæèâàòü - to note = îòìå÷àòü - to state = êîíñòàòèðîâàòü - to claim = óòâåðæäàòü - to know = çíàòü - to think = äóìàòü - to show = ïîêàçûâàòü 4. ãëàãîëîâ ôèçè÷åñêîãî âîñïðèÿòèÿ, îùóùåíèÿ: - to watch = íàáëþäàòü - to observe = — - to see = âèäåòü - to hear = ñëûøàòü - to notice = çàìå÷àòü - to feel = ÷óâñòâîâàòü 5. ãëàãîëîâ ïðèíóæäåíèÿ: - to cause = âûçûâàòü, ïðè÷èíÿòü, çàñòàâëÿòü - to force = âûíóæäàòü - to make = çàñòàâëÿòü - to get = çàñòàâëÿòü - to order = ïðèêàçûâàòü - to demand = òðåáîâàòü 6. ãëàãîëîâ ðàçðåøåíèÿ - to let = ðàçðåøàòü, ïîçâîëÿòü - to permit, to allow = ðàçðåøàòü, ïîçâîëÿòü - to request = ïðîñèòü - to ask = ïðîñèòü - to enable = äàâàòü âîçìîæíîñòü Ç à ï î ì í è ò ü: èíôèíèòèâ â êîíñòðóêöèè “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå” ïîñëå àíãëèéñêèõ ãëàãîëîâ to make è to let óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ áåç ÷àñòèöû to. Íàïðèìåð: Let Mike follow your advice. — Ïóñòü Ìèõàèë ïîñëåäóåò òâîåìó ñîâåòó. She made them rewrite the text. — Îíà çàñòàâèëà èõ ïåðåïèñàòü òåêñò. 6

Ï ð è ì å ÷ à í è ÿ: 1. Ïîñëå òàêèõ ãëàãîëîâ êàê: to expect, to believe, to suppose, to consider, to find, to know, to think, to show, to claim è äðóãèõ èíôèíèòèâ â êîíñòðóêöèè “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå” óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ âî âñåõ ñâîèõ âèäîâðåìåííûõ ôîðìàõ è ñîîòâåòñòâåííî ïåðåâîäèòñÿ íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Íàïðèìåð: We believe Pete (him) - to finish the work tomorrow. (believed) - to be finishing the work now. - to have finished the work recently. - to be sent to the conference. - to have been sent to the conference. Ìû ñ÷èòàåì, ÷òî Ïåòð (îí) - çàêîí÷èò ñâîþ ðàáîòó çàâòðà. (ñ÷èòàëè) - çàêàí÷èâàåò ðàáîòó ñåé÷àñ. - çàêîí÷èë ðàáîòó íåäàâíî. (Ïåòðà) - ïîñûëàþò íà êîíôåðåíöèþ. - ïîñëàëè íà êîíôåðåíöèþ. 2. Ïîñëå ãëàãîëîâ ôèçè÷åñêîãî âîñïðèÿòèÿ, îùóùåíèÿ: to watch, to observe, to notice, to see, to hear, to fool. Èíôèíèòèâ â êîíñòðóêöèè “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå” â äåéñòâèòåëüíîì çàëîãå óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ áåç ÷àñòèöû to. Íàïðèìåð: I heard somebody (her, Kate) speak in the next room. — ß ñëûøàë, êàê êòî-òî (îíà, Êàòÿ) ðàçãîâàðèâàë â ñîñåäíåé êîìíàòå. Pete saw me (somebody, Kate) be speaking to Nick. — Ïåòð âèäåë, êàê ÿ ( êòî-òî, Êàòÿ) ðàçãîâàðèâàë ñ Íèêîëàåì. Nobody noticed her (Nick, men) leave the room. — Íèêòî íå çàìåòèë, ÷òî îíà (Íèêîëàé, ëþäè) âûøëà èç êîìíàòû. They observed us ( Pete, someone) have climbed up the tree. — Îíè íàáëþäàëè, êàê ìû (Ïåòð, êòî-òî) âçîáðàëèñü íà äåðåâî. Ç à ï î ì í è ò ü: Ïîñëå ãëàãîëîâ ôèçè÷åñêîãî âîñïðèÿòèÿ, îùóùåíèÿ èíôèíèòèâ â Passive Voice (Ñòðàäàòåëüíîì çàëîãå) íå èñïîëüçóåòñÿ. Âìåñòî íåãî óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ï ð è ÷ à ñ ò è å. Íàïðèìåð: a) I heard somebody speaking in the room. — ß ñëûøàë, êàê êòî-òî ðàçãîâàðèâàë â êîìíàòå. 7

b) She heard this question (being) discussed at the meeting. — Îíà ñëûøàëà, ÷òî âîïðîñ îáñóæäàëè íà ñîáðàíèè. c) Pete saw her (being) given the tickets. — Ïåòð âèäåë, êàê åé îòäàâàëè áèëåòû. 3. Àíãëèéñêèå ãëàãîëû to HEAR, to SEE óïîòðåáëÿþòñÿ â ïåðåíîñíîì çíà÷åíèè «çíàòü, óçíàòü».  ýòîì ñëó÷àå cëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå ñ èíôèíèòèâîì íå èñïîëüçóåòñÿ. Ïðåäëîæåíèå ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ñëîæíóþ êîíñòðóêöèþ ñ ïðèäàòî÷íûì äîïîëíèòåëüíûì ïðåäëîæåíèåì. Íàïðèìåð: I heard ( = knew) that you gave an interesting lecture in the University. — ß ñëûøàë (çíàë), ÷òî òû ÷èòàåøü èíòåðåñíóþ ëåêöèþ â óíèâåðñèòåòå. Nick hears (= knows) that you have been ill. — Íèêîëàé çíàåò, ÷òî òû çàáîëåë. We have seen (= understood) that our plan would fail. — Ìû ïîíÿëè, ÷òî íàøè ïëàíû ïðîâàëèëèñü. I see (= understand) that he will marry me. — ß ïîíèìàþ (çíàþ ), ÷òî îí æåíèòñÿ íà ìíå. Ç à ï î ì í è ò ü: Ïîñëå ãëàãîëîâ æåëàíèÿ ïàññèâíûå è ïåðôåêòíûå ôîðìû èíôèíèòèâà â êîíñòðóêöèè “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèèå” âûðàæàþùèå äåéñòâèå, ïðîèçâîäèìîå ëèöîì (îáúåêòîì) èëè ïðîèçâîäèìîå íàä ëèöîì (îáúåêòîì), ïåðåâîäÿòñÿ íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê ïðèäàòî÷íûì ïðåäëîæåíèåì, ãäå äîïîëíåíèåì ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïîäëåæàùåå ãëàâíîé ÷àñòè ïðåäëîæåíèÿ. Íàïðèìåð: He wanted to be invited there. — Îí õîòåë, ÷òîáû åãî ïðèãëàñèëè òóäà. She doesn’t like to be asked the questions. — Îíà íå ëþáèò, êîãäà åé çàäàþò âîïðîñû. The children like to be taken notice of . — Äåòè ëþáÿò, êîãäà íà íèõ îáðàùàþò âíèìàíèå. They are happy to have been invited there. — Îíè ñ÷àñòëèâû, ÷òî èõ ïðèãëàñèëè òóäà.

8

Practical

Part

Óïð. 1. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. 1. Ann wants me to wait for her after school. 2. My father wanted Pete to fix the shelf in the kitchen. 3. She doesn’t want us to get wet through. 4. Pete’s mother wants her son to become a vet. 5. The teacher wanted us to organize a tri p to Moscow. 6. I want you to kiss me at once. 7. She wants Jimmy to get ready for the party. 8. The teacher of biology wanted her pupils to collect some insects for school. 9. Nick wanted his friend to go with him to the mountains. 10. The driver doesn’t want the children to go with him. 11. I want you to smell the flower. Óïð. 2. Ñîñòàâèòü ïðåäëîæåíèÿ, óïîòðåáëÿÿ ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå: A/ I want him 1/ to look after the child We wanted her 2/ to keep it in mind this boy 3/ to come to the meeting that girl 4/ to water these vegetables beds them 5/ to return home early the children 6/ to translate this sentences 7/ to work in the garden Mike wants Ann wanted

me us Nick

I don’t want you They didn’t want him

B/ 1/ to join the game 2/ to learn the poem by heart 3/ to write a letter to mother 4/ to smell the flowers 5/ to take care of the child 6/ to make tea 7/ to wait for the boys there 8/ to swim across the river C/ 1/ to go there 2/ to switch on the radio 9

Ann Jim

3/ 4/ 5/ 6/ 7/ 8/

to quarrel to bit the boy to lift such a big box to miss physical training to climb the mountain to stay at home when everybody works in the garden

Óïð. 3. Ñîñòàâèòü ïðåäëîæåíèÿ, óïîòðåáëÿÿ ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå. Ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. A/ to want him 1/ to make an appointment to expect her 2/ to arrange an outing should like them 3/ to be settled would like us 4/ to clear up 5/ to give up a hobby 6/ to encourage one’s interest 7/ to keep something dry 8/ to put something down to 9/ to avoid to to to to to to

see you hear them feel us watch her notice Pete make

to find to assume to consider

to ask me to tell him

1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ 5/ 6/ 7/ 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ 5/

B/ complain of something/ somebody put up a notice apologize to somebody train for refuse doing something make an appointment spread C/ one’s reason the arrangement, convenient the matter, settled the occasion, to be worth celebrating the attempt (the film, the play), to be a failure

D/ 1/ to stay in the shade 2/ to produce an explanation 10

to allow her to order us

3/ 4/ 5/ 6/ 7/

to come at the appointed time (not) to give away to put off (not) to share (not) to refuse

to make us to let them her

1/ 2/ 3/ 4/

E/ give in put up with take advantage of attend

Óïð. 4. Èçìåíèòü ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ïî ìîäåëè. Ïåðåâåñòè ïðåäëîæåíèÿ íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. M o d e l: I want you to help me.— I don’t want you to help me. 1. She wants Nick to stay in bed. 2. Mother wanted her daughter to join us. 3. I want us to go to the theater. 4. Ann wanted her sister to buy this pair of gloves. 5. I wanted my brother to help me with my sums. 6. They want us to invite Ann. 7. She wants us to watch TV. 8. Kate wants her brother to wash his hands. Óïð. 5. Ïðî÷èòàòü, óêàçàòü êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå”. Ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. 1. What did you do when you shirt was ri pped? Did you sew it yourself? — I got Mother to sew the ri p. 2. I see you’ve got a new television serial on your roof. How did you put it up? — I got my neighbour to put it up. 3. You need a new suit. How will you get it? — I’ll get my friend to go to a department store with me. 4. What did you do when your tap leaked? Did you mend it yourself? — I got a plumber to mend it. 5. The pie is very good. Did you make it yourself? — I got my sister to make it for me. 6. Your brother can’t have sewn the button himself. — My brother got me to sew the button on his shirt. 7. Why did you ring up Mary’s teacher? — Mary got me to ring up her teacher & say she was ill. 11

Óïð. 6. Ïðî÷èòàòü, óêàçàòü êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå”. Ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Çàäàòü âîïðîñ ê ïîä÷åðêíóòîìó ÷ëåíó ïðåäëîæåíèÿ. 1. She won’t be there in time. — I don’t expect her to be there in time. 2. He won’t come on Sunday. — I don’t expect him to come on Sunday. 3. They won’t succeed in it. — I don’t expect them to succeed in it. 4. She won’t like the book. — I don’t expect her to like the book. 5. The TV set won’t work. — I don’t expect the TV set to work. 6. He won’t accept the invitation. — I don’t expect him to accept the invitation. 7. She won’t help me. — I don’t expect her to help me. 8. They won’t win the race. — I don’t expect them to win the race. 9. She won’t agree to his proposal. — I don’t expect her to agree to his proposal. 10. It won’t be ready in a month. — I don’t expect it to be ready in a month. Óïð. 7. Ïîäîáðàòü ê àíãëèéñêèì ïðåäëîæåíèÿì ðóññêèé ýêâèâàëåíò. 1. I expected him to keep his promise. 2. I didn’t mean him to learn the poem. 3. I encouraged her to go there. 4. I don’t want you to speak like this. 5. I didn’t expect her to leave for the North. 6. I meant him to do it at once. 7. I wanted you to call on me on Sunday. 8. I don’t believe her to be a good dancer. a. ß íå äóìàþ, ÷òî îíà ïîåäåò íà Ñåâåð. b. ß õîòåë, ÷òîáû òû ïîçâîíèë ìíå â âîñêðåñåíüå. c. ß íå äóìàë, ÷òî îí âûó÷èò ñòèõîòâîðåíèå. d. ß îæèäàë, ÷òî îí ñäåðæèò ñâîå îáåùàíèå. e. ß íå âåðþ, ÷òî îíà õîðîøî òàíöóåò. f. ß ñ÷èòàë, ÷òî îí ñäåëàåò ýòî ñðàçó æå. g. ß íå õî÷ó, ÷òîáû òû òàê ãîâîðèë. h. ß áûë äîâîëåí, ÷òî îíà ïîéäåò òóäà.

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Óïð. 8. Ïîäîáðàòü ê ñëîæíîïîä÷èíåííûì ïðåäëîæåíèÿì ïðîñòûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ñ ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåé ôîðìîé ñëîæíîãî äîïîëíåíèÿ. 1. Some people remember that Tsiolkovsky had taught them aerodynamics. 2. The professor expects that some of his students will make reports at the studens’ conference. 3. We know that «Tragic America» by Th.Dreiser gave a true picture of American capitalist society. 4. The ancient people believed that the sun was moving round the earth. 5. Some scientists consider that Mars is covered with vegetation. 6. Historians suppose that the name «London» had come from two Celtic words. a. Historians supposed the name «London» to have come from two Celtic words. b. The professor expects some of his students to make reports at the students’ conference. c. Some people remember Tsiolkovsky to have taught them aerodynamics. d. Some scientists consider Mars to be covered with vegetation. e. We know «Tragic America» by Th.Dreiser to have given a true picture of American capitalist society. f. The ancient people believed the sun to be moving round the earth. Óïð. 9 Çàìåíèòü ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå ïðèäàòî÷íûì ïðåäëîæåíèåì ïî ìîäåëè: M o d e l: Everybody believes his conclusion to be true. — Everybody believes that his conclusion is true. 1. Telescopic studies of the Moon show its surface to be dominated by craters. 2. Photographs taken by «Mariner10» in 1974 showed Mercury’s surface to be covered with thousands of craters like those of the Moon. 3. Galileo Galilei thought the smooth dark arears on the Moon’s surface to be the Moon’s oceans. 4. Until nearly a century ago, scientists thought life in the ocean to be considered to the surface region. 5. Scientists believe sea water to be a promising source of raw materials. 6. More than 50 years ago many astronomers beliebed Mars to be inhabited. 13

Óïð. 10. Ïðî÷èòàòü ïðåäëîæåíèÿ. Îáúÿñíèòü îòñóòñòâèå ÷àñòèöû to â ñîñòàâå ñëîæíîãî äîïîëíåíèÿ. Ïåðåâåñòè ïðåäëîæåíèÿ íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. M o d e l: Is he a good actor? (see) — I think he is. I saw him act in «Hamlet» and I liked him immensely. 1. Is she a good singer? (hear) — I think she is. I heard her sing on the radio last Sunday. 2. Is he a good dancer? (see) — I think he is. I see him dance at our party. 3. Is he a good swimmer? (watch) — I think he is. We watched him swim across the lake last summer. 4. Is he a good speaker? (hear) — I think he is. I heard him speak at our meeting a fortnight ago. 5. I s Helen a good story-teller? (watch) — I think she is. We watched her tell her sons fairy-tales. Her children were listening to her open-mouthed. 6. Is he a good skater? (see) — I think he is. I saw him skate at our stadium. 7. Are they good football-players? (watch) — I think they are. We watched them play last Friday. They were brilliant. Óïð. 11. Ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Ïîä÷åðêíóòü êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå”. Îáúÿñíèòü îòñóòñòâèå ÷àñòèöû to. M o d e l: What did you watch the children do? (play) — I watched them play on the sand-beach. 1. What did you watch Pete do? (dive) — I watched him dive in to the pool. 2. What did you like to watch Mother make? (make cakes) — I liked to watch Mother make cakes. 3. What did you like to watch Susan do? (play tennis) — I liked to watch Susan play tennis. 4. What did they like to watch the monkey do? (do her tricks) — They liked to watch the monkey do her tricks. 5. What did the boy like to watch his father do? (make wooden toys) — The boy liked to watch his father make wooden toys. 6. What did Henry watch the man do? (whitewash) — Henry watched the man whitewash his house. 7. What did they watch the shop-assistant do? (weigh) — They watched the shop-assistant weigh the sugar. 14

Óïð. 12. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Îáúÿñíèòü îòñóòñòâèå ÷àñòèöû to. M o d e l:

a/ That worries me. — Don’t let it worry you.

b/ That makes me cross. — Don’t let it make you cross. 1. That frightens me. — Don’t let it frighten you. 2. That irritates me. — Don’t let it irritate you. 3. That makes me furious. — Don’t let it make you furious. 4. That upsets me. — Don’t let it upset you. 5. That puzzles me. — Don’t let it puzzle you. 6. That makes me angry. — Don’t let it make you angry. 7. That makes me ill. — Don’t let it make you ill. 8. That makes me helpless. — Don’t let it make you helpless. 9. That drives me mad. — Don’t let it drive you mad. 10. That drives me to despair. — Don’t let it drive you to despair. Óïð. 13. Îáúÿñíèòü îòñóòñòâèå ÷àñòèöû to â ñëîæíîì äîïîëíåíèè. Ïåðåâåñòè ïðåäëîæåíèÿ íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. 1. A door banged behind me. That made me jump. 2. She spent a month at the sanatorium. That made her feel better. 3. A big dog rushed at me. That made me start. 4. She found her purse in her shoe. That made her laugh. 5. The boy cut his finger with his pen-knife. That made him cry. 6. He put too much pepper on his beefsteak. That made him sneeze. 7. We saw our examiner smile. That made us feel easier. 8. Victor went about without his coat on. Hat made him fall ill. 9. I saw Jim making faces at me. That made me smile. 10. They failed their exams. That made them work hard. Óïð. 14. Óêàçàòü êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå”. Îáúÿñíèòü îòñóòñòâèå ÷àñòèöû to. Ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. 1. Why shouldn’t I wear this checked dress? — It will make you look old. 2. Why should I decorate the salad with eggs & spring onions? — It will make the salad look nicer. 3. Why shouldn’t I buy this material for my dress? — It will make you look fat. 4. Why shouldn’t I use make-up? — It will make you look older.

15

5. Why shouldn’t I trim the dress with ribbon? — It will make the dress look too fussy. 6. Why shouldn’t I wear this hat? — It will make you look oldfashioned. 7. Why should I wear dresses just like that? — It will make you look younger. 8. Why shouldn’t I wear this green dress? — It will make you look pale. 9. Why shouldn’t we sit up far into the night? — It will make you look tired tomorrow. 10. Why should I go to bed so early? — It will make you look fresh at the party tomorrow. Óïð. 15. Ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Ñîñòàâèòü 5 ñîáñòâåííûõ ïðåäëîæåíèé ñ ãëàãîëîì «to make», óïîòðåáèâ êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå”. 1. She went to the North this summer. — What made her go there? 2. She’s still quite hoarse. — Why didn’t you make her drink some hot milk? 3. He took the medicine after all. — Who made him take it? 4. She has a bad toothache. — Why don’t you make her go to the dentists? 5. They went out in the rain. — What made them go out? 6. She never helps me about the house. — Why don’t you make her help you? 7. My little son doesn’t like cakes of any kind. — Why do you make him eat them? 8. He doesn’t want to go to the country with us. — What made him change his mind? 9. She returned from Moscow 2 days early. — What made her return so soon? 10. She said she didn’t like her new job. — What made her accept it?

16

Óïð. 16. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Çàìåíèòü ãëàãîë to make íà ãëàãîë to cause. 1. Have you written to your aunt? — Yes, my Mother made me write her. 2. Has the boy done his homework? — His father made him do it. 3. Have you bought garlic? — My Mother made me buy it. 4. You are studying too hard. Have you been out today? — My sister made me go out in the evening. 5. Have you peeled the potatoes? — My brother made me peel the potatoes. 6. This medicine is better. Have you taken it? — The doctor made take this bitter medicine. 7. Have you buckled the safety-belts? — The stewardess made us do it. 8. The children’s program is on. Have you switched on TV? — My little brother made me do it. 9. It is very cold today. Have you put on your warm pullover? — My elder sister made me put it on. Óïð. 17. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Ïîä÷åðêíóòü êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå”. 1. Let her speak. — I want her to speak. 2. Let the man give the book to Pete. — Pete expects the man to give the book to him. 3. Let the son write a letter to his Granny. — The parents want their son to write a letter to the Granny. 4. Let the man open the door for the woman. — The woman asked the man to open the door to her. 5. Let the teacher explain the word to the students. — The students expected the teacher to explain the word to them. 6. Let her mother make a dress for her daughter. — The daughter wanted her mother to make a dress to her. 7. Let his sister buy a hat for John. — John asked his sister to buy a hat for him. 8. Let the librarian give the books to us. — We asked the librarian to give the books to us. 9. Let your brother dance with our girl-friend. — My friends wanted my brother to dance with our girl-friend. 17

Óïð. 18. Çàäàòü âîïðîñû ïî ìîäåëè ñî ñëîâîì «what». M o d e l: I want Miki to answer the question. — What do you want Miki to do? 1. I want them to go through the field. 2. We want him to go by bus. 3. Helen wants her mother to order a new dress for her. 4. Pete wants his parents to buy him a watch. 5. The doctor wants the boy to stay in bed for two days yet. 6. I wanted you to read the story. 7. They wanted us to plant some apple-trees. 8. Ann wanted the teacher to ask some questions. 9. The man wanted his son to work in a factory. Óïð. 19. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Ïîä÷åðêíóòü êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå”. Óêàçàòü âèäîâðåìåííóþ ôîðìó èíôèíèòèâà. 1. We find this value to be accurate enough. 2. We suppose him to deal with edge effects in electric fields. 3. I don’t think this approximation to be of value in this case. 4. They expected us to have found the answer to the question. 5. You must make him explain the results obtained. 6. We know heat to have been a difficult problem to solve. 7. Do you know Galilei to have constructed the first air-expansion thermometer? 8. Aristotle assumed hot & cold to be connected with wet & dry. 9. One knows heat to have been of great importance for the development of industry. 10. The first investigator of heat found different substances to be heated to different degrees by the same amount of coal. 11. We know 19th century physics to be great achievements of the human mind. Óïð. 20. Ïåðåâåñòè íà àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê âûðàæåíèÿ, äàííûå â ñêîáêàõ, óïîòðåáèâ êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå”. 1. We assume ( ÷òî ñêîðîñòü ìåíÿåòñÿ). 2. I think (÷òî ïëîòíîñòü èçìåíèëàñü). 3. We suggest (÷òî ñóììà îñòàëàñü ïîñòîÿííîé). 4. They consider (÷òî âåñ òåëà óìåíüøàåòñÿ). 5. I want (÷òîáû ýêñïåðèìåíò áûë çàêîí÷åí âîâðåìÿ). 18

6. She considers (÷òî îíè ñêîðî çàêîí÷àò ðàáîòó). 7. He expects ( ÷òî ìû ïîëó÷èì õîðîøèå ðåçóëüòàòû). 8. They want (÷òîáû âû îïèñàëè âñå ïîäðîáíîñòè). 9. He made ( ìåíÿ ïîâòîðèòü èçìåðåíèÿ). 10. I knew ( ÷òî îíè îáñóæäàëè ýòîò âîïðîñ ìíîãî ðàç). ( ñì. « Ê ë þ ÷ è» ) Óïð. 21. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Óêàçàòü êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå”. 1. I want you to describe her appearance. 2. He wants me to design a monument to this famous general. 3. They want us to celebrate the anniversary of the foundation of our town. 4. We should like them to increase the production of consumer goods. 5. We wish our consumer goods to meet the requirements of the population. 6. I wish my sister to listen to the weather forecast. 7. They wish the article to be published next month. 8. We know him to have been an excellent portrait painter. 9. We know Kramskoy to succeed in understanding & revealing the deep inner world of the poet. 10. She didn’t expect me to estimate the significance of his work. 11. I didn’t expect her to arrive so quickly. 12. We expected them to come to the same decision. 13. When do you expect her to submit her project? 14. We believe her to earn her own living herself. 15. We believed them to have changed the plan. 16. We know Kramskoy to be the inspirer and organizer of the Peredvizhniki movement. 17. We knew the report to have consisted of two parts. 18. We consider Lomonosov to be the founder of the Russian literary. 19. He considered himself to be the happiest man when he got an opportunity to attend our party. 20. We found them to be interested in the problem. 21. Everybody found the hall to be a nice place for dancing. 22. We saw the car stop at the door. 23. Nobody noticed him leave the room. 24. We watched them dance. 19

25. They felt him tell the truth. 26. He made us prepare short reports on current events. 27. Our teacher makes us listen to the tapes and fulfil English lab works. 28. When I called on my friend I found him left for Moscow. 29. I heard him being told that he was wrong. 30. We know him to be an ardent fighter for truth in art. 31. We heard of the work being comparatively difficult. Óïð. 22. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Óêàçàòü ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå. 1. We may suppose the alpha particles within the nucleus to be in motion. 2. Among the particles within the nucleus which are supposed to be in motion there are ones called alpha particles. 3. On close examination of a nucleus we find it to be made up of particles which are in motion. 4. We know such gases as nitrogen, helium and argon to make up as much as 26% of pitchblende. 5. He will deal with nitrogen, helium and argon — the gases known to make up as much as 26% of pitchblende. 6. Seeing the gases accumulate in the space above water, we had to stop the reaction. 7. The ethyl derivative known to yield alcohol was used in the previous tests. 8. Knowing the ethyl derivative to yield alcohol we modified the reaction conditions. 9. According to the kinetic theory a gas is assumed to be up made of particle moving about with random motion. 10. The kinetic theory of gases assumes a gas to be made up of particles moving about with random motion. 11. We may synthesize water by allowing hydrogen and oxygen to combine, which they do very rapidly. 12. To synthesize water we had to combine oxygen and hydrogen. Óïð. 23. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Óêàçàòü ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå. 1. I’m sorry I didn’t hear the bell ring. 2. I want you to come earlier. 20

3. She saw him cross the street. 4. They heard the door open and saw a man enter the room. 5. The librarian wants the book to be brought back in four days. 6. I don’t like people to be late. 7. She made us wait for hours. 8. Their mother wanted them to help with the housework. 9. Please let me know your address as soon as possible. 10. We saw them dig the potatoes. 11. Let him go abroad. 12. I want you to discuss this question at the meeting. 13. I heard she fell down from the tree and begin to cry. 14. Your friend wants you to leave me alone. 15. She is sorry she didn’t hear you come in. Óïð. 24. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Óêàçàòü êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå”. 1. We consider Th.Dreiser to be one of the greatest American writers. 2. The teacher expects us to select one of Dreiser’s novel to read. 3. The newspapers reported one of our critics to be writing a book about Dreiser. 4. Some people suppose the students to have read all the novels written by great writers. 5. We know all of Dreiser’s works to have been published in our country. 6. We should like these sentences to be translated into Russian before the text is read. 7. The students may wish some of the expressions in the text to be explained by the teacher. 8. I have often heard students say that they like reading books by British & American writers. 9. I often see them read novels by Dreiser, Galsworthy and other authors. Óïð. 25. Çàìåíèòü ïðèäàòî÷íûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ íà êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå” ñ óêàçàííîé ôîðìîé èíôèíèòèâà. Ïîäîáðàòü ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèé ðóññêèé ýêâèâàëåíò. 1. The old farmer knew that his daughter was in love with a poor cowboy. 2. He knew that his foreman had fallen in love with Santa. 21

3. The old man didn’t consider that Webb was a suitable husband for his pretty daughter. 4. He believed that Webb was too poor to marry Santa. 5. He expected that she would marry a rich farmer. 6. All the people on the farm considered that Webb was an honest man. 7. Webb knew that Santa’s father was against their marriage. 8. Santa expected that Webb would wait until they could be married. 1/ ...to have been... 2/ ...to have fallen... 3/ ...to have been... 4/ ...to have been... 5/ ...to marry... 6/ ...to have been... 7/ ...to have been... 8/ ...to wait... a. Îí îæèäàë, ÷òî îíà âûéäåò çàìóæ çà áîãàòîãî ôåðìåðà. b. Ñòàðèê íå ñ÷èòàë, ÷òî Óýáá áûë ïîäõîäÿùèì ìóæåì äëÿ åãî äî÷åðè. c. Îí ñ÷èòàë, ÷òî Óýáá áûë ñëèøêîì áåäåí, ÷òîáû æåíèòüñÿ íà Ñàíòå. d. Âñå ëþäè íà ôåðìå ñ÷èòàëè, ÷òî Óýáá áûë ÷åñòíûì ÷åëîâåêîì. e. Ñàíòà ñ÷èòàëà, ÷òî Óýáá áóäåò æäàòü äî òåõ ïîð, ïîêà îíè íå ïîæåíÿòñÿ. f. Óýáá çíàë, ÷òî îòåö Ñàíòû áûë ïðîòèâ èõ ñâàäüáû. g. Îí ñ÷èòàë, ÷òî êîâáîé âëþáèëñÿ â Ñàíòó. (ñì. «Ê ë þ ÷ è») Óïð. 26. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Îòâåòèòü íà âîïðîñû. 1. If you expected somebody to visit you, would you go out or stay at home? 2. If you saw an old woman carry a heavy parcel, would you help her? 3. If the doctor found somebody to be poor in health, would he sand him to the sporting grounds or to the sanatorium? 22

4. If you supposed somebody to be wrong, would you tell him that he isn’t right? 5. If you considered the lecture not to be interesting, would you tell the lecturer that you didn’t like it? 6. What would you ask if you wanted somebody to tell you the time? 7. What would you say if you wanted somebody to visit you? 8. If you know somebody to be unwell, what would you ask him? Óïð. 27. Ïåðåâåñòè âîïðîñû íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Îòâåòèòü íà âîïðîñû, èñïîëüçóÿ êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå”. 1. Do you want your younger brother to be a teacher? /No/ 2. What profession would you like him to choose? /of a physicist/ 3. Do you know him to like physics? /Yes/ 4. What branch of science do you prefer them to study? /biology/ 5. Does his teacher find her strong in maths? / Yes/ 6. Do they expect him to graduate from school with honour? /Yes/ Óïð. 28. Ïåðåâåñòè ïðåäëîæåíèÿ íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Çàìåíèòü ïðèäàòî÷íûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ êîíñòðóêöèåé “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå”. 1. We know that the nucleus contains two kinds of particles, neutrons and protons. 2. Years ago scientists imagined that an electric current is a steady stream of tiny electrical particles. 3. At the beginning of the 19th century scientists found that the atoms of each element are different in physical and chemical properties from the properties of other elements. 4. The atomic theory assumes that all substances of the universe are made up of ultra-microscopic bodies called atoms. 5. We have learned that air is composed of many gases. 6. Scientists found that the number of elements is equal to the number of protons in their nucleus. 7. We know that isotopes are atoms of the same atomic number but of different atomic weights. Óïð. 29. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Îáúÿñíèòü îòñóòñòâèå ÷àñòèöû to â êîíñòðóêöèè “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå”. 1. I saw him come into the room. 2. They saw the child cross the road. 3. We saw the man leave the house. 23

4. I heard him speak at the meeting. 5. The woman heard the baby cry. 6. We watched her water the flowers. 7. The grandmother watched Ann do her homework. 8. She felt her hand touch something cold. 9. The teacher made us write the exercise once more. 10. The father made his son work hard at his English. Óïð. 30. Ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Ïî ìîäåëè çàäàòü âîïðîñû. M o d e l: The mother made Pete bring some potatoes for the dinner. — What did the mother make Pete do? 1. The father made Nick carry this box away. 2. The teacher made the boy learn these words. 3. The master made his servant feed his horse. 4. The farmer made his workers work till 8 o’clock. 5. The teacher made his pupils complete the work by noon. 6. The mechanic made Alec help him with his work. 7. I couldn’t make Ann tell me the truth. 8. Kate couldn’t make her brother help her about the house. 9. Helen couldn’t make her sister put on this dress. 10. He made them promise to return the book the next wee. Óïð. 31. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Ïîä÷åðêíóòü êîíñòðóêöèþ “cëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå”. Îáúÿñíèòü îòñóòñòâèå ÷àñòèöû to. 1. She couldn’t make Pete eat fish. 2. I couldn’t make my brother get up a little earlier. 3. The woman couldn’t make her son help her in the garden. 4. The mother couldn’t make Jack go to the party. 5. We couldn’t make Andrew work hard at his physics. 6. Nick couldn’t make his dog sit still. 7. The teacher couldn’t make that boy work hard. 8. She couldn’t make me carry the basket. 9. Nobody could make us change the plan. 10. No one could make Alec stay in bed.

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Óïð. 32. Âûáðàòü íåîáõîäèìóþ âèäîâðåìåííóþ ôîðìó èíôèíèòèâà â ñêîáêàõ. Ïåðåâåñòè ïðåäëîæåíèÿ íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. 1. I want you ( to choose/ to have chosen) this problem now. 2. She considers them ( to complete/ to have completed) the work soon. 3. He expects us ( to obtain/ to have obtained) the accurate results. 4. They want you ( to describe/ to be described) this part in details. 5. He made me (to repeat/ to be repeated) the measurements. 6. I knew them (to discuss/ to be discussed) this question many times. Óïð. 33. Ïåðåôðàçèðîâàòü ïðåäëîæåíèÿ, èñïîëüçóÿ ïåðôåêòíûé èíôèíèòèâ â ñîñòàâå ñëîæíîãî äîïîëíåíèÿ ïî ìîäåëè. Óêàçàòü îòëè÷èå ïðè ïåðåâîäå íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê ïðîñòîé è ïåðôåêòíîé ôîðì èíôèíèòèâà. M o d e l: I wish him to go abroad. — I believe him to have gone abroad. 1. We believe the members of the Arctic expedition to be well supplied with the warm clothes. 2. The parents suspect their son to follow bad example. 3. I hope Ann to pass no mistakes in her homework. 4. Professor Brown expected all the students to attend his lecture. 5. We assume our friend to pass the entering exams with great success. Óïð. 34. Ïðî÷èòàòü. Óêàçàòü êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå”. Ïåðåâåñòè ïðåäëîæåíèÿ íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. 1. Scientists proved electrical energy to be released from matter by chemical reaction, heat, electromagnetic induction and friction. 2. Investigations of the properties of radioactivity showed the strength of the radiation to be independent of any external physical influences. 3. Diffraction experiments show gamma rays to be electromagnetic waves. 4. We know iron molecules to be magnets at all times. 5. Everybody knows the simplicity and clearity of Rutherford’s thinking to be very characteristic of his creative ability.

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6. Radioactivity is a spontaneous nuclear change causing radiations of particles to be emitted. 7. Scientists found the commonest hydrogen atom to be simply one proton and one electron. 8. Numerous experiments proved the atom to be electrically neutral. 9. How can we expect the alpha- particles to be deflected according to Thomson’s model of the atom? 10. We know television to be widely used both in everyday life and in industry. 11. Television requires pictures to be sent by means of electricity. Óïð. 35. Ïåðåâåñòè ïðåäëîæåíèÿ íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Çàìåíèòü êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå” íà ïðèäàòî÷íîå ïðåäëîæåíèå. 1. Tell him to be more careful in the street. — I’d like him to more careful in the street. It’s sli ppery. 2. Tell her to buy three tickets to the cinema. — I’d like her to buy three tickets to the cinema. Mary is coming. 3. Tell him to work harder at his Spanish. — I’d like him to eork harder at his Spanish. He doesn’t know it well enough. 4. Tell them to be on time tomorrow. — I’d like them to be on time tomorrow. They are always late. 5. Tell him to stop turning the knobs. — I’d like him to stop turning the knobs. It’s getting on my nerves. 6. Tell her to go to the doctor today. — I’d like her to go to the doctor today. She has a bad cough. 7. Tell them to call on us on Sunday. — I’d like them to call on us on Sunday. I haven’t seen them for ages. 8. Tell her to call for me before going to the exhibition. — I’d like her to call for me before going to the exhibition. I don’t know where it is. 9. Tell him to ring me up between 7 or 8. — I’d like him to ring me up between 7 or 8. I’m sure to be at home at that time. Óïð. 36. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. 1. Shall I help you? — Do you want me to help you? 2. Shall I change this five- rouble note for you? — Do you want me to change this five-rouble note for you?

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3. Shall we stay at home tonight? — Do you want us to stay at home tonight? 4. Shall I wrap it up for you? — Do you want me to wrap it up for you? 5. Shall I give you a lift in my car? — Do you want me to give you a lift in my car? 6. Shall we go and see this performance? — Do you want us to go and see this performance? 7. Shall we go to the Caucasus? — Do you want us to go to the Caucasus? 8. Shall we speak German? — Do you want us to speak German? 9. Shall I wash this pullover? — Do you want me to wash this pullover? Óïð. 37. Çàäàòü âîïðîñû ïî ìîäåëè. Ïåðåâåñòè ïðåäëîæåíèÿ íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. M o d e l: a/ I want you to buy something for supper ( what?). — What do you want me to buy for it? b/ They want us to come to see them (when?). — When do they want us to come? 1. I want you to help my friend. (how?) 2. I want you to play tennis. ( where?) 3. We want you to take music lessons. (how often?) 4. I want Jim to buy bread. (how much?) 5. He wants you to bring his notes. (when?) 6. They want you to discuss this question. (how soon?) 7. I want you to buy something to read. (what?) 8. Helen wants you to bring her flowers. (what?) 9. She wants Helen to go to the party. (who...with?) 10. We want you to come with us. (why?) Óïð. 38. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Óêàçàòü êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå”. Çàäàòü âîïðîñ ê íåìó. 1. I can’t go out with you tonight. Mother wants me to do the washing. 2. My wife wants me to write some letters. 3. My teacher wants us to write a composition. 4. My younger brother wants me to help him to do his homework. 27

5. Father wants me to mend his bicycle. 6. My sister wants me to make a dress for her. 7. My husband wants me to press his trousers. 8. My little son wants me to read a book of fairy tales to him. Óïð. 39. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê 1. He said he was disappointed /be pleased with.../. — · Well, I never knew him to be pleased with anything. 2. They said they were very busy / be idle.../. — Well, I never knew them to be idle. 3. She said she was pleased with herself / be self-critical.../. — Well, I never knew her to be too self-critical. 4. He said he was short of money / have plenty of.../. — Well, I never knew him to have plenty of it. 5. Ben said he didn’t like this film /like any film.../. — Well, I never knew him to like any film. 6. They said they were displeased with their work / be satisfied with.../. — Well, I never knew them to be satisfied with anything. 7. He said that he was sleepy /feel fresh/. — Well, I never knew him to feel fresh. 8. They said they were short of time /have plenty of.../. — Well, I never knew them to have plenty of it. 9. Mother said she didn’t need a new coat /need anything/. — Well, I never knew her to need anything. Óïð. 40. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Ê óòâåðäèòåëüíûì ïðåäëîæåíèÿì çàäàòü îáùèé âîïðîñ. 1. I have never heard her sing. 2. When we cams, we saw Pete be writing something. 3. Did you notice her go out? 4. I watched the young girl play the piano. 5. Have you seen him play chess? Óïð. 41. Óïîòðåáèòü âìåñòî ïðèäàòî÷íûõ ïðåäëîæåíèé êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå”. Ïåðåâåñòè ïðåäëîæåíèÿ íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. 1. I suppose you think that you are very clever. 2. He felt it was his duty to warn her against her new friend. 3. I expected that there would be quite a lot of people at the party. 28

4. The Committee found that the trade union’s proposals were quite reasonable. 5. I guess that you are about 55 years old. 6. The expedition reported that every thing was in order. 7. My friend believed that it was necessary to inform her about the latest events. 8. I wish you would do something to get this book. 9. They considered that our problem wasn’t very important. 10. I would prefer that there would be plenty of milk in this milk- jug. Óïð. 42. Óïîòðåáèòü êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå” âìåñòî ðóññêèõ ýêâèâàëåíòîâ â ñêîáêàõ 1. I have never seen /÷òîáû êòî-íèáóäü ïîêóïàë ìîðîæåíîå/. 2. You won’t want /÷òîáû ìû ïðèøëè äîìîé ñ ïóñòûìè ðóêàìè/. 3. We all know/ ÷òî îí î÷åíü íà÷èòàííûé ÷åëîâåê/. 4. Suddenly she heard /÷òî ñàìà çàäàåò âîïðîñ ãðîìêèì ãîëîñîì/. 5. They didn’t expect /÷òî ìû âåðíåìñÿ òàê ðàíî/. 6. Everybody knows that I like /êîãäà îíà ïîåò ïî âå÷åðàì/. 7. I won’t let /÷òîáû îí æåíèëñÿ íà ìîåé ïîäðóãå/. 8. He said that he would get /÷òîáû îíè ñòàâèëè ñâîþ ìàøèíó íà óëèöå/. 9. I was going to watch /êàê áàáóøêà âÿæåò/. 10. I didn’t realize /÷òî îí òàê ñèëüíî áîëåí/ (ñì. «Êëþ÷è»). Óïð. 43. Ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Íàéòè êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå”. Îáúÿñíèòü îòñóòñòâèå ÷àñòèöû to â ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ 1; 2 ; 5; 7; 12. 1. Her back was towards him and she turned when she heard the door close. 2. Riding to work in morning, Francis saw the girl walk down the aisle of the coach. 3. I felt it to be true. 4. I don’t want anything to come up between us. 5. As she watched her walk away, Mary felt a sudden terrible aimlessness descend upon her. 6. The question caused him to frown with some impatience.

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7. She made him drink freshly squeezed orange-juice. 8. I know it to be a fact. 9. I was just going to have you drop me at the hotel. 10. It is not easy to get him take part in the show. 11. I hate you to go away. 12. He let her read undisturbed for a full 2 minutes. Óïð. 44. Îòâåòèòü íà âîïðîñû, èñïîëüçóÿ êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå”. 1. What would you like me to give your mother on her birthday? 2. Where do you prefer us to go? 3. Do you intend the driver to wait for us? 4. Whom does he want his uncle to meet? 5. When do you expect your guests to come? 6. What do you hope to get your friend to do? 7. What did she order her son to do? 8. What will he allow them to do? 9. Why does his mother want him to go to the tailor’s? 10. What did they believe him to be? TEST

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Çàäàíèå 1 Óêàçàòü íîìåð ïðåäëîæåíèÿ, ãäå óïîòðåáëåíà êîíñòðóêöèÿ “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå”. Ïåðåâåñòè âñå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. 1. He wants to make the experiment himself. — He wants me to make the experiment myself. 2. He thinks to complete his research soon. — He thinks us to complete the research soon. 3. I want to explain this phenomenon myself. — I want you to explain this phenomenon. 4. They wish to take part in the work. — They wish everybody to take part in the work. 5. We expect the results. — We expect the results to be accurate. 6. They will consider this problem. — They consider this problem to be of importance.

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Çàäàíèå 2 Âûðàçèòü ñâîå ëè÷íîå ìíåíèå, èñïîëüçóÿ êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå” ïîñëå ãëàãîëîâ, óêàçàííûõ â ñêîáêàõ. Ïîëó÷åííûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. 1. The research group will obtain the necessary data soon/ know/. 2. They are considering this phenomenon /know/. 3. The experiment has been completed by the end of the month /expect/. 4. We have just translated the article /think/. 5. The house is being built for two months /to be sure/. 6. Pete makes the equations very well, as he is well at Maths /suppose/. Çàäàíèå 3 Èç óêàçàííûõ âàðèàíòîâ ïåðåâîäà âûáðàòü ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèé ýêâèâàëåíò äàííîãî ïðåäëîæåíèÿ. He announced one more oil deposit to have been discovered by their expedition. 1. Ñ÷èòàåòñÿ, ÷òî èõ ýêñïåäèöèÿ îáíàðóæèëà åùå îäíî íåôòÿíîå ìåñòîðîæäåíèå. 2. Îí îòìåòèë, ÷òî èõ ýêñïåäèöèÿ âñå åùå ðàçðàáàòûâàåò íåôòÿíîå ìåñòîðîæäåíèå. 3. Îí îòìåòèë, ÷òî åùå îäíî íåôòÿíîå ìåñòîðîæäåíèå áûëî îáíàðóæåíî èõ ýêñïåäèöèåé.

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Ã Ë À  À

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Ñëîæíîå ïîäëåæàùåå (C o m p l e x S u b j e c t) Îáùåïðèíÿòîå ìíåíèå, ñóæäåíèå, ïðåäïîëîæåíèå ãðóïïîé íåîïðåäåëåííûõ ëèö î êàêîì-ëèáî ôàêòå, ÿâëåíèè èëè ëèöå â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå ìîæíî âûðàçèòü äâóìÿ ñïîñîáàìè: 1. ñëîæíîïîä÷èíåííûì ïðåäëîæåíèåì ñ áåçëè÷íûì îáîðîòîì è ïðèäàòî÷íûì ïðåäëîæåíèåì, êîòîðîå ââîäèòñÿ ñîþçîì «that»: It is said that the man speaks English well. — Ãîâîðÿò, ÷òî ýòîò ÷åëîâåê õîðîøî ðàçãîâàðèâàåò ïî-àíãëèéñêè. 2. ïðîñòûì ïðåäëîæåíèåì ñ Complex Subject: Complex Subject (ñëîæíîå ïîäëåæàùåå) ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé àíãëèéñêîå ïîäëåæàùåå, âûðàæåííîå ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûì èëè ëè÷íûì ìåñòîèìåíèåì â Èì. ïàäåæå, ñ êîòîðûì ñâÿçàí èíôèíèòèâ. Ìåæäó íèìè ñòîèò ñêàçóåìîå, âûðàæàþùåå ìíåíèå, ñóæäåíèå, ïðåäïîëîæåíèå â ðàçëè÷íûõ âèäîâðåìåííûõ ôîðìàõ: M o d e l: Subject + V + Infinitive V — ñêàçóåìîå The man is said to speak English well. — Ãîâîðÿò, ÷òî ýòîò ÷åëîâåê õîðîøî ðàçãîâàðèâàåò ïî-àíãëèéñêè. Àíãëèéñêîå ñ ê à ç ó å ì î å ìîæåò áûòü âûðàæåíî ñëåäóþùèìè ãëàãîëàìè: 1. â ñòðàäàòåëüíîé ôîðìå: - be said = èçâåñòíî - be supposed = ïðåäïîëàãàþò - be expected = îæèäàþò - be assumed = äîïóñêàþò - be allowed = ïðåäïîëàãàþò - be reported = ñîîáùàþò - be considered = ñ÷èòàþò - be proved = äîêàçàíî - be found = íàéäåíî - be thought = äóìàþò - be believed = ïîëàãàþò è ðÿä äðóãèõ ãëàãîëîâ. 2. â äåéñòâèòåëüíîì çàëîãå: - seem = ïî-âèäèìîìó - appear, turn out, come out, prove = îêàçûâàåòñÿ 32

- happen = ñëó÷àòüñÿ - chance = ñëó÷àéíî îêàçûâàòüñÿ 3. ãëàãîëüíûìè ôðàçàìè: - be likely = âåðîÿòíî - be unlikely = ìàëîâåðîÿòíî - be sure = áåçóñëîâíî - be certain = íåïðåìåííî Ç à ï î ì í è ò ü: Ïîñêîëüêó ãëàãîëû, âûðàæàþùèå îáùåïðèíÿòîå ìíåíèå, ñóæäåíèå, ïðåäïîëîæåíèå â àíãëèéñêîì ïðåäëîæåíèè âûïîëíÿþò ñèíòàêñè÷åñêóþ ðîëü ÑÊÀÇÓÅÌÎÃÎ, òî îíè â ïîëíîé ìåðå ïî âñåì çàêîíàì ãðàììàòèêè àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà ñîãëàñóþòñÿ â ÷èñëå, ëèöå è âðåìåíè ñ ïîäëåæàùèì, âûðàæåííûì ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûì èëè ëè÷íûì ìåñòîèìåíèåì. Ç à ï î ì í è ò ü: Íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ñ Complex Subject (ñî ñëîæíûì ïîäëåæàùèì), ò.å. ñ ñóáúåêòíûì èíôèíèòèâíûì îáîðîòîì íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê ïåðåâîäÿòñÿ ñëîæíîïîä÷èíåííûìè ïðåäëîæåíèÿìè. Àíãëèéñêîå ñêàçóåìîå ïåðåâîäèòñÿ ïåðâûì, è â ðóññêîì ïðåäëîæåíèè ÿâëÿåòñÿ ââîäíûì ÷ëåíîì ïðåäëîæåíèÿ, ïðèäàòî÷íîå ïðåäëîæåíèå ââîäèòñÿ ñîþçîì «÷òî», ïðè÷åì àíãëèéñêîå ïîäëåæàùåå îñòàåòñÿ â ïðèäàòî÷íîì ðóññêîì ïðåäëîæåíèè ïîäëåæàùèì, à èíôèíèòèâ ïåðåâîäèòñÿ ñ ê à ç ó å ì û ì â ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåé ôîðìå, ñîõðàíÿÿ âèäîâðåìåííûå ïðèçíàêè. Íàïðèìåð: They are believed to work hard. — Ïîëàãàþò, ÷òî îíè óïîðíî ðàáîòàþò. They are believed to be working now. — Ïîëàãàþò, ÷òî îíè ñåé÷àñ ðàáîòàþò. They are believed to have worked. — Ïîëàãàþò, ÷òî îíè ðàáîòàëè õîðîøî. Ïðèìåðû íà ïåðåâîä ïðåäëîæåíèé ñ êîíñòðóêöèåé “ñëîæíîå ïîäëåæàùåå”: This story appears to be interesting. — Îêàçûâàåòñÿ, ÷òî ýòîò ðàññêàç èíòåðåñíûé. He is considered to have drunk milk. — Ñ÷èòàþò, ÷òî îí âûïèë ìîëîêî. They are sure to have missed the train. — Áåçóñëîâíî, îíè îïîçäàëè íà ïîåçä. 33

We are certain to catch the plane. — Íàâåðíÿêà, ìû óñïååì íà ñàìîëåò. She seemed to be talking to her friends at that moment. — Ïîâèäèìîìó, îíà â òîò ìîìåíò ðàçãîâàðèâàëà ñî ñâîèìè äðóçüÿìè.

PracticalPart Óïð. 1. Ïðî÷èòàòü. Ïîä÷åðêíóòü êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå ïîäëåæàùåå”. Óêàçàòü âèäîâðåìåííóþ ôîðìó èíôèíèòèâà. Ïåðåâåñòè ïðåäëîæåíèÿ íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. A/ 1. Where is he now? — He is supposed to be in Tomsk. 2. Where does Jane live now? — She is said to live in Moscow, but I’m not sure. 3. How many languages does Pete know? — He is believed to know three foreign languages at any rate. 4. What does this plant produce? — It is known to produce tractors of the largest model. 5. Where does he study? — He is understood to study at some medical institute. 6. What can the matter be with the plane? — It is reported to be delayed in Minsk. 7. When will Bob be back? — He is expected to be back in a week’s time. B/ 1. What is he working on now? — He is thought to be working on his di ploma paper. 2. What is Jack writing now? — He is said to be writing a new novel. 3. Where is the expedition now? — It is believed to be returning to Moscow. 4. Are they speaking about our plane? — Our plane is announced to be reflueling. 5. Where are Jim and Magda? — They are supposed to be buying New Year presents. 6. What language is he studying now? — He is said to be studying French, as far as I know.

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C/ 1. Do you know anything about whereabouts of the plane? — It is reported to have landed in Kursk. 2. Has he graduated from the University? — He is supposed to have graduated from the it already. 3. Is the delegation of English school teachers still in Moscow? — It is reported to have left today. 4. Is he still writing his thesis? — He is said to have written it already. 5. Has the train left already? — It is announced to have left recently. 6. Where is Bill now? — He is said to have been sent to London. D/ 1. How long has she been studying Spanish? — She is said to have been studying Spanish for two months. 2. How long had he been waiting for the visa? — He was believed to have been waiting for it for a fortnight, not less. 3. Where is Mike? Is he still working in Siberia? — He is supposed to have been working there for a year already. 4. Did he travel much in Africa? — He was said to have been travelling there for more than six months. 5. How long has Ned been staying in London? — He is thought to have been staying there for over a year. 6. How long has Jane studying Russian? — She is believed to have been studying it only for three months. Óïð. 2. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. 1. Is Pete a good engineer? — He seems to be a very good one. 2. Is Nelly a popular singer? — She doesn’t seem to be a very popular one. 3. Is Helen a bright student? — She seems to be a very brilliant one. 4. Is Bob a talented novelist? — He doesn’t seem to be a talented one. 5. Is Harold a careful driver? — He doesn’t seem to be a very careful one. 6. Is Fred a promising painter? — He seems to be a very promising one. 7. Is Rose a pleasant companion? — She seems to be a very pleasant one. 35

8. Is Mr. Brown an honest man? — He seems to be a very honest one. 9. Is she a pleasant woman to deal with? — She doesn’t seem to be a very pleasant one. 10. Is he an experienced eye-specialist? — He doesn’t seem to be a very experienced one. 11. Does mother think Tom is right? — She seems to think Tom is right. 12. Does this dog belong to Pete? — It seems to belong to Pete. 13. Does Ken know everything about his job? — He seems to know everything about it. 14. Do these records cost much? — They don’t seem to cost much. 15. Will your friend leave for the North Pole next month? — He doesn’t seem to leave there at all. 16. Does Mike like his new friends? — He seems to like them very much. 17.Do all students work hard on their di plomapapers? — They don’t seem to work hard. 18. Does it matter very much to him if he has his holiday in winter? — It seems to matter to him very much. 19. Do all of you know the man very well? — We don’t seem to know him at all. Óïð. 3. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè ïðåäëîæåíèÿ íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Óêàçàòü êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå ïîäëåæàùåå”. 1. There’s a concert going on at the institute just now. — It seems to be a good one. 2. There was a great show yesterday. — It seems to have been a very good one. 3. Mary is watching a TV program. — It seems to be an interesting. 4. Mary watched a TV in the morning. — It seems to have been rather dull. 5. Pete is taking part in the discussion. — It seems to be quite a lively one. 6. Pete took part in the discussion last week. — It seems to have been quite a lively one. 7. Harry is planting trees in the garden. — It seems to be a hard job. 8. Harry planted trees in the garden last Sunday. — It seems to have been a hard job. 36

9. Helen is washing up after dinner. — It seems to be an unpleasant occupation. 10. Helen washed up after dinner yesterday. — It seems to have been an unpleasant occupation. Óïð. 4. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. 1. Did she ask you many questions about your tri p? — She didn’t seem to be interested in. 2. Did the news make her nervous? — She didn’t seem to be excited by it. 3. Does he like gardening? — He doesn’t seem to be very much interested in it. 4. Did she expect to see him at the party? — She seemed to be very much surprised at seeing him. 5. Did they speak much about the coming exams? — They didn’t seem to be very worried about them. 6. Did he like her last essay? — He didn’t seem to be pleased with it. 7. Do they approve of her behaviour? — They seem to be shocked by it. 8. Did they enjoy their tri p down the river? — They didn’t seem to be delighted by it. 9. Did they like the story? — They didn’t seem to like it. Óïð. 5. A/ Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê, óïîòðåáèâ ãëàãîë «seem» â çíà÷åíèè «ïî-âèäèìîìó; êàæåòñÿ». 1. What is Helen doing? — She seems to be having supper. 2. What is John doing? — He seems to be sewing on buttons. 3. What is Jane doing? — She seems to be reading a letter. 4. What is Nick doing? — He seems to be talking over the phone. 5. What are the children doing? — They seem to be playing in the garden. 6. What are Mike and John doing? — They seem to be quarreling. 7. What is Paul doing? — He seems to be playing chess with his friend. 8. What is mother doing? — She seems to be cooking. 9. What is Mary doing? — She seems to be typing her essay.

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B/ Çàìåíèòü êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå ïîäëåæàùåå” íà ïðèäàòî÷íîå ïðåäëîæåíèå ñ áåçëè÷íûì îáîðîòîì «It seems that...». Ïåðåâåñòè ïðåäëîæåíèÿ íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. 1. The train is running late. — The train seems to be running late; it was 3 minutes ago. 2. Bob is coming on my train. — He seems to be coming on my train; I saw him on the platform. 3. We are ready for the journey. — We seem to be ready for the journey; all the suit-cases are packed. 4. The train is leaving in 5 minutes. — The train seems to be leaving in 5 minutes; the lights are green. 5. I’m sitting in the draught. — I seem to be sitting in the draught. 6. They are travelling light. — They seem to be travelling light; there’s only one bag here. 7. The train is pulling out of the station. — The train seems to be pulling out of the platform; the platform is desert. 8. They are arriving tomorrow. — They seem to be arriving tomorrow; Bob has received a telegram. 9. Tom and Nina are going somewhere. — They seem to be doing somewhere. They are packing their suit-cases. 10. The other passengers are getting angry. — The other passengers seem to be getting angry. They don’t like the noise. 11. Tom is arguing with the conductor. — Tom seems to be arguing with the conductor. He doesn’t want to close the window. 12. The station master is waiting for the express train. — The station master seems to be waiting for the express train; he is on the platform again. Óïð. 6. Ïåðåâåñòè ïðåäëîæåíèÿ íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. 1. I’d rather like that nylon jersey. — It happens to be your size. Would you like to try it on? 2. I’m not sure I remember his address exactly. — Do you happen to remember the number of the house at any rate? 3. Did he ring you up yesterday? — He did, but I happened to be out then. I couldn’t talk to him. 4. What beautiful mittens with a scarf to match. — What a pity I haven’t enough money on me. 5. These shoes are a bit too small for me. — We happen to have a pair a size larger. Would you like me to show them to you? 38

6. I must buy a pair of stockings. — Let’s go to that corner shop. They happen to have a good selection of stockings of every shade. 7. It’s high time you washed your jersey. — You’re right. Do you happen to have that special washing powder you’ve told me about? 8. I think Nina should have a pair of gloves to match her new coat. — That’s an idea. Do you happen to know her size in gloves? 9. She says they have a good selection of berets at their hat shop. — Does she happen to know if they have a good selection of hats as well? 10. Bill is a very good husband. He often buys his wife various things. — Does he happen to know what size his wife takes in shoes? Óïð. 7. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. A/ 1. He seems to dislike poetry. 2. He seems to understand the English text. 3. She appears to by studying the documents now. 4. He seems to have finished his test. 5. The actor appears to have lost his temper. 6. These old women still seem to be arguing. 7. I happen to have money with me. 8. Tom appears to be winning the argument. 9. They happen to have completed the repairs yesterday. 10. The boy appear to be sleeping. 11. The car seems to have knocked down the dog. B/ 1. The doctor seemed to have been informed about the accident. 2. John’s finger seemed to have been badly hurt. 3. These goods appeared to have been paid for. 4. All the students seemed to have been asked to come. 5. He appeared to be regarded as a reliable worker. 6. They happened to have been informed about the fire. 7. My books seemed to be taken care of. 8. This poet happened to be well known here. 9. They seemed to have been met in the airport when they arrived.

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Óïð. 8. Ïðî÷èòàòü. Çàìåíèòü «likely» íà «sure / certain». Ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. A/ 1. It is quite likely to rain. — The sky is overcast. 2. It is not likely to rain. — There’s a cooling breeze. 3. He is not like to come. — He’s busy at the office. 4. She is likely to get well soon. — The medicine she is taking is very well. 5. John is likely to marry soon. — He is always seen with Mary. 6. The plane is not likely to arrive on time. — The weather is bad. 7. The weather is likely to change for the worse. — The sky is overcast. 8. We are not likely to finish our work by next week. — There’s still too much to do. 9. Jane is likely to stay in Moscow for another week. — She is planning to see as much as possible. B/ 1. Transport fares are likely to go up again in England. 2. My coat is likely to be ready by next Friday. 3. The conference is likely to be held at our Institute. 4. This medicine is likely to help him. 5. The book is likely to be published even sooner than by September. 6. The telegram is likely to reach James tomorrow. James is likely to get it tomorrow. 7. Ann is likely to take part in our concert. She is likely to play piano. 8. The weather is likely to change soon. C/ 1. Could Helen help you with the typing? — She isn’t likely to do it. 2. Will you ask Jim to call me back before 5? — He isn’t likely to come home so early. 3. Could you tell us their phone number? — I’m not likely to have it. 4. Will the repair-man come today? — He isn’t likely to come so soon. 5. Will you give Helen my message when you see her on Monday? — I’m not likely to see her till Thursday. 6. Could you book a trunk-call to Moscow for Sunday? — I’m not likely to go to the post-office. 7. Could you look up his telephone number in the phone directory? — It isn’t likely to be in the directory. 40

8. Will you have a telephone installed next month? — We aren’t likely to have it installed even next year. 9. Will you give me a two-copeck coin? — I’m not likely to have any small change. 10. Will Pete be at home in the evening? — He isn’t likely to be in. Óïð. 9. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. 1. Have you got «Hamlet»? — I’m sure to have it among my books. 2. Does he know their new phone number? — He is sure to know it. 3. Do you think he still remembers the name of the street? — He is sure to remember it. 4. Will you like this film? — We are sure to like it. 5. Will he enjoy the novel? — He is sure to enjoy it. 6. Will he come on time? — He is sure to come on time. 7. Shall we be able to get the tickets? — We are sure to get them. 8. Does he still live in that street? — He is sure to live there. 9. Do they know me? — They are sure to know you. 10. Has she got all the comedies by Shakespeare? — She is sure to have them all. Óïð. 10. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. 1. Ask Bill about your pen, if you can’t find it. — He is sure to know where it is. 2. I advise you to see this film. — You are sure to like it. 3. Ask Jane about these poems. — She is sure to know them. 4. Don’t worry about Mary. — She is sure to be on time as usual. 5. Let’s buy this handbag for Santa. — She is sure to like it. 6. Better tell mother about everything yourself. — She is sure to ask you anyway.. 7. Hurry up, Nick doesn’t like to be kept waiting. — He is sure to be there already. 8. The evening party promises to be very gay. — You are sure to enjoy yourself. 9. It is too late now. Your train is leaving in 10 minutes. — You are sure to miss it.

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Óïð. 11. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. A/ 1. The river is believed is suitable for navigation. 2. The river Thames is known to divide the city into 2 parts. 3. Many famous generals and admirals are said to have been buried inside the Cathedral. 4. This ancient Cathedral is considered to have been designed by an outstanding English architect. 5. This monument is considered to have been erected as early as the 11th century. 6. Our country is known to be the first to put forward the demand that atomic energy should be used only for peaceful purposes. 7. Strength of materials is considered to be a difficult subject. 8. Sports events are reported to have aroused great interest and to have attracted a lot os spectators. 9. This factory is known to produce modern furniture. 10. Wood is regarded to be the oldest material used in engineering structure. 11. English is considered to belong to a branch of Germanic family of languages. B/ 1. The Gulf -Stream, a warm oceanic current, flowing in the north-west of the island is considered to influence the climate in Britain most of all. 2. The eastern part of the island is considered to be drier and cooler due to the nearness to the continent. 3. From the west the British Isles are known to be washed by the Atlantic Ocean. 4. The seas surrounding the island are supposed to be quite shallow. 5. Many new districts are known to have appeared in Moscow lately. 6. Great sums of money are likely to have been sent on the research work in this branch of science. 7. The success of the exhibition is likely to surpass all expectations. 8. His progress is thought to have surpassed all imagination. 9. He is sure to have done his best to find out the address. 10. The plane is sure to be the quickest means of transport.

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C/ 1. The expedition proved to be a success. 2. He proved to be a talented composer. 3. The current in the river seems to be slow. 4. The winter fogs in London seem to be simply awful. 5. The Lake District appears to be the most beautiful and the wettest part of Great Britain. 6. This church appears to be made of wood. 7. The letter is unlikely to reach him in time. 8. My watch is likely to be five minutes fast. 9. He is sure to have been influenced by them. 10. He seems not to understand the importance of this event. 11. He is sure to display his great abilities of composing music. Óïð. 12. Ïðåîáðàçîâàòü ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ïî ìîäåëè, èñïîëüçóÿ êîíñòðóêöèþ”ñëîæíîå ïîäëåæàùåå”. Ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. M o d e l: It is said that he knows the subject well. — He is said to know the subject well. 1. It is believed that the expedition will return next Sunday. 2. It is supposed that the students have already submitted their term papers. 3. It was said that the performance had been a success. 4. It is supposed that the coming conference is of great importance for our work. 5. It is likely that the meeting will take place tomorrow. 6. It seems that he possesses a valuable collection of pictures. 7. It seems to me that she is seriously ill. 8. It seems to me he was tired. 9. It is known that the word «smog» is a combination of the two words: «smoke» and «fog». 10. It is known that the Gulf Stream brings warm waters to the British shores. 11. It is known that the coastline of the British Isles is irregular. 12. It is reported that great construction work is going on in their city.

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Óïð. 13. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Óêàçàòü êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå ïîäëåæàùåå”. 1. Theodor Dreiser is known to be an outstanding American writer. 2. In 1945 he was reported to have joined the Communist Party in the USA. 3. His books are said to be widely read in many countries. 4. Dreiser is known to have made up his mind to become a writer when he was a young man. 5. He is understood to have called on many newspaper editors before he came to the Daily Globe. 6. This newspaper was believed to be financed by a Chicago politician. 7. It was considered to represent the views of the Democratic Party. 8. The democrats were reported to be preparing for their National Convention. 9. The Convention was expected to discuss some important problems of the Party’s policy. 10. The newspaper was supposed to report what was going on at the Convention. 11. Editorial articles published in the newspaper were found to contain very little truth. 12. Dreiser seemed to have understood very early what a pitiful thing was «free press» was. 13. The editors of that paper proved to be selfish men thinking only of their earnings. 14. One of the clerks in the office appeared to show some sympathy to young Dreiser. 15. This man happened to know many things about the newspaper world. 16. This knowledge turned out to be very useful to Dreiser. 17. He said that the coming Democratic Convention was sure to provide an opportunity for Dreiser to get some work. 18. The office was certain to need new men. 19. Dreiser was likely to be sent to report the work of the Convention. 20. The man proved to be right.

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Óïð. 14. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. 1. Sea-water is found to be extraordinary constant in composition of its princi pal ions, the so-called conservative ions. 2. Pure water is dispersed in the atmosphere with other gases, but when it condenses as rain or snow, it is found to contain dissolved ions. 3. The lunar lavas, as compared to terrestrial ones, are found to have been very hot and dry (no minerals with water bonds). 4. The level of the water in the oceans is thought to have dropped about 100 feet during the period when the Himalayas rose. 5. At one time the moon’s craters were thought to have been produced by volcanic activity. 6. Before the year 2050 the world population is expected to reach 6-7 billion people. 7. The world is expected to double in population in a little less than 30 years. 8. At 400 miles below the earth’s surface the pressure is calculated to be about 8 million pounds per inch, whereas that at the earth’s core is estimated to be about 50 million pounds per square inch. 9. Jupiter and Saturn were clearly seen to be markedly flattened at the poles already in Newton’s days. 10. The Antarctic glaciers appear to be sinking today, just like the glaciers in all other parts of the world. 11. Life experience now seems to have convinced the countries that there is increasing need to regard water as a prime natural resources to our existence. 12. In deserts, where the relative humidity is likely to be small, the air is so dry that evaporation goes an rapidly. 13. The long-standing question of whether or not the upper layer of the lunar soil is strong enough to support heavy objects appears to have been settled. Óïð.15. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Óêàçàòü êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå ïîäëåæàùåå”, à òàêæå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ, ãäå èíôèíèòèâ óïîòðåáëåí â ôîðìå: 1) Infinitive; 2) Continuous; 3) Perfect. 1. Gamma rays turned out to be high-frequented X-rays, that is, electromagnetic waves just beyond X-rays in the electromagnetic spectrum. 45

2. Beta particles were found to be identical to electrons in cathode ray tubes by J.L. Thomson. 3. Alpha particles turned out to be ions of the rare gas helium, the second lightest element expelled at 10.000 miles per second. 4. Polonium was found by Curies to be 300 times more radioactive than uranium. 5. The more powerful radioactive element, radium, turned out to be much more difficult to discover because its relative quantity in the uranium ore from Bohemia was so very minute. 6. Radium proved to be 2 million times more active than uranium. Óïð. 16. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Çàäàòü âîïðîñû ê ïîä÷åðêíóòûì ÷ëåíàì ïðåäëîæåíèÿ. 1. More than 100 elements are supposed to be there on the Earth. 2. We know each element to be made of one kind of atom. 3. A final problem to be explained was why all atoms of the same element are exactly the same. 4. For this effect to be understood researcher had to carry out a lot of experiments. 5. Here is the apparatus likely to give the results required. 6. These new phenomena are to be considered in the next section. 7. Objects are said to be warm, hot, cool and cold compared with the temperature of the human body. 8. Einstein’s theory of light was developed to account for the photoelectric effect. 9. The method didn’t prove to be of any help to us. 10. The lack of data is certain to slow down the work. Óïð. 17. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Óêàçàòü êîíñòðóêèþ “ñëîæíîå ïîäëåæàùåå”. 1. When you go to a show, you are supposed to have good time. 2. The Weed’s house was larger than it happened to be from the driveway. 3. Julia said that Francis seemed to be getting intolerable. 4. But this morning something seemed to have happened to Herbert. 5. Probably it will turn out to be nothing but a charming letter. 6. I told him I would just happened to be passing by and thought 46

I would drop in and see him. 7. The audience is requested to laugh softly and not to applaud. 8. He appears to be an eyewitness of the scene. 9. Her daughter is expected to be absent for some little time. 10. I was not likely to follow suit. 11. He is sure to look shabby and undistinguished since he doesn’t pay enough attention to his suit and boots. 12. Wee Nooke proved to be a decent little house situated in agreeable surroundings. 13. Dave was known to be on friendly terms with more than a hundred people. Óïð. 18. Çàìåíèòü ïðèäàòî÷íûå áåçëè÷íûå îáîðîòû êîíòñðóêöèåé “ñëîæíîå ïîäëåæàùåå”. Ïåðåâåñòè ïðåäëîæåíèÿ íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. 1. It seemed that her words raised a wall between them. 2. She was carrying the books, it seemed that she was going to school. 3. It seemed that the hat was stuck on her head with glue. 4. It was supposed that this material came from India and Ceylon. 5. It is not likely that I shall follow his advice. 6. It appeared that he didn’t notice the impression he made on me. 7. It could hardly be said that my interview with Hugo had been a success. 8. It is certain that he will meet her. 9. It seemed that Edwin had been looking for something in the grass ever since dinner time. 10. It happened so that his point had been overlooked by everybody. 11. It was known that he would arrive on Friday week. Óïð. 19. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Ïîñòàâèòü ñêàçóåìîå â ïðîøåäøåå âðåìÿ. 1. Light is proved to travel in straight lines. 2. Light intensity proves to be measurable. 3. The speed of light in free space is proved to be a measured constant. 4. This property seems to refer to a restricted number of materials. 5. The property appears to have been mentioned frequently in the past. 47

6. They are likely to be familiar with this phenomenon. 7. The sun is assumed to provide an appropriate solution to the problem. Óïð. 20. Èçìåíèòü ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ïî ìîäåëè, èñïîëüçóÿ êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå ïîäëåæàùåå”. Ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. M o d e l: The value increases /assume/. — The value is assumed to increase. 1. These values are in good agreement with the experimental ones /consider/. 2. This density changes with temperatures /know/. 3. The magnitude provides slow shift in energy /be likely/. 4. The product contains two components /assume/. 5. The distance is shown indirectly /expect/. 6. The altitude is uniform during this period of time /seem/. 7. The path is reduced twice /appear/. 8. The value is derived from the above equation /suppose/. Óïð. 21. Îòâåòèòü íà âîïðîñû ïî ìîäåëè, èñïîëüçóÿ Ñëîæíîå Ïîäëåæàùåå. Îòâåòû ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. M o d e l: Does this value change? — The value is expected to change. 1. Does the metal become glowing at 300 degrees Centigrade /expect/? 2. Is the luminous intensity of a firefly measurable /know/? 3. Does platinum become glowing at this temperature / assume/? 4. Does this substance emit visible light /see/? 5. Is light from a fluorescent lamp incandescent /doubt/? 6. Are the two surfaces at equal distance from the point source /find/? Óïð. 22. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê, îáðàùàÿ âíèìàíèå íà ïåðôåêòíóþ ôîðìó èíôèíèòèâà â êîíñòðóêöèÿõ “ñëîæíîå ïîäëåæàùåå” è “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå”. 1. The word «geometry» is known to derive from two Greek words: «geo» (earth) and «metron» (measure). The Egyptians seem to be the first to apply geometry for practical purpose. The Nile river was often found to overflow its banks and carry away all the landmarks. That is why measurement had to be taken up systematically. 48

2. The sides of the Egyptian pyramids were to face north, south, east and west. Stone to be used for their electron is believed to have been brought from long distance. 3. The civilization of ancient Egypt is said to be more advanced than that of ancient China. Astronomy, philosophy and mathematics are supposed to have been known in Egypt as early as 5.000 years B.C. 4. We believe Pythagoras to have been the founder of a school to train students in mathematical thinking. Archimedes is said to have been killed by a Roman soldier who didn’t know the old man to be a scholar. 5. To obtain paper of high quality the pulp should be carefully washed. To be applied for for paper — making the water must be specially conditioned. After washing the pulp is spread on a wire not to be dried. 6. The ocean is expected to supply known element necessary to obtain for practical purposes. We study the element to be able to make use of their properties. Science has shown the electron to be a peculiar combination of mass and electrical charge. Óïð. 23. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Çàìåíèòü ñêàçóåìîå â Passive Voice íà ñêàçóåìîå â Active Voice, è íàîáîðîò. 1. The rapid development of rocketry is known to be due to K. Tsiolkovsky. 2. Industrial electronic equi pment is known to play a very important role today. 3. This substance is unlikely to dissolve in the acid. 4. In lighting (ìîëíèÿ) electricity seems to jump through space. 5. Today any electric current is believed to consist of countless number of electrons. 6.Electronic equi pment are sure to find an ever growing application. Óïð. 24. Ïðåîáðàçîâàòü ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ïî ìîäåëè, èñïîëüçóÿ êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå ïîäëåæàùåå”. M o d e l: It is known that S. Korolev has been a great scientist and a designer. — Academician S. Korolev is known to be a great scientist & designer. 1. It is known that the volt is the unit of measure for electrical force. 49

2. It is said that the nucleus is positively charged because the center part of the atom always consists of protons and neutrons only. 3. It was believed that heavier atoms were built up of protons, neutrons and electrons. 4. We know that natural products like wood, petroleum and coal play an important part in our modern civilization. 5. It is likely that the fundamental functions of vacuum tubes will be the cause of their numerous applications. 6. It seems that magnetic attraction has impressed the ancient commentators most strongly. Óïð. 25. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. 1. The mixture was stirred to ensure homogeneoty and cooled to just below the melting point. 2. The molecule is considered to be composed of more than a single structural unit. 3. Each student was instructed to report the per cent of aluminum in this sample. 4. The substances obtained were to be used as catalysts. 5. The uranium content of rivers is thought to be of the same magnitude as that of sea water. 6. A mixture has been assumed to contain no less than two ingredients. 7. The samples were observed to weigh much more than it was expected. 8. Infra-red equi pment proposed here were designed to operate with automatic machines. 9. The symbol U was taken to represent the effectiveness heat transfer coefficient. 10. A series of experiments has been performed to account for the remarkable properties of rubber. 11. The rule is believed to hold good for other cases as well. 12. The chemist is inclined to regard the appearance of this product as indicating that the reaction is over. 13. In the case of a chemical reaction we are bound to conclude that a new substance has resulted. 14. This phenomenon is expected to occur at a very high temperature. 15. The experimental data are presented here to sum up the results obtained and discuss them as thoroughly as possible. 50

Óïð. 26. Ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Ïîìíèòü, ÷òî prove — îêàçûâàåòñÿ (Active Voice), äîêàçàíî (Passive Voice) 1. They proved to have provided all the experiment. 2. The technique of the investigation proved to be a success. 3. Lasers proved to be of great help in medicine and industry. 4. An ordinary light was proved to consist of waves all out of phase with each other. 5. All the waves in a laser beam were proved to have the same wavelength. 6. A laser beam proved to have a very definite colour. 7. The laser beam proved to be intermittent. (äèñêðåòíûé) Óïð. 27. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. 1. The predicted precision was found to be different to obtain in practice. 2. Five or six orbit elements are known to be determinable. 3. Another important element in the filter technique to be treated in the equations is the parameter of observability. 4. The purpose of the experiment is to provide evidence of diffraction of light. 5.We are to provide all the necessary equi pment for the experiment to be carried out successfully. 6. This is the type of procedure to be followed to obtain accurate results. 7. The results presented here are supposed to indicate the type of procedure to obtain exact measurements. 8. To overcome this problem we return to the results listed in Tables 2 where the initial weights are given. 9. To come to an approximate solution these values are assumed to be zero. 10. The present paper will present at attempt to apply a form of the Kalman filter to such systems to determine both the state estimation and time decay. Óïð. 28. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Óêàçàòü âèäîâðåìåííóþ ôîðìó èíôèíèòèâà. 1. Classic experiments have shown that organic compounds that are chemical precursers (ïðåäâåñòíèêè) to life can be found from the substances that are believed to have been abundant in the atmospheres of the planets early in their history. 51

2. The only crustal rock is known experimentally to transmit vibrations at the velocity they have been in the earth’s mantle is dunite. 3. A knowledge of the exact shape of the geoid is essential for accurate map-making, and only 7% of the earth’s land surface could really be said accurately mapped at that time. 4. Meteorites seemed commonly to be composed of iron. But in fact, if only those actually seen to fall are considered, the proportion of ferrous meteorites is probably less than 5%by numbers. After their fall, stony meteorites are less likely to be recognized as of cosmic origin than the ferrous ones. 5. Meteorites believed to be fragments of a disrupted minor plant should include representatives of both the outer and deep interior regions. Óïð. 29 Ïðåîáðàçîâàòü ïðåäëîæåíèÿ, çàìåíèâ êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå ïîäëåæàùåå” ïðèäàòî÷íûì ïðåäëîæåíèåì. Ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. M o d e l: He seems to enjoy your answer. — It seems that he enjoys your answer. 1. She happens to know everything about him. 2. They appeared to like this film. 3. The tie seems to match your suit. 4. We happened to meet them while went shopping. 5. She seems to enjoy listening to songs of Sting. 6. The shop-assistant seemed to be very polite. 7. The engineer appeared to be very young. 8. She seems to be a very good tailor. 9. My sister happened to buy the same dress. 10. This answer seems to satisfy him. Óïð. 30. Ïðåîáðàçîâàòü ïî ìîäåëè, èñïîëüçóÿ êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå ïîäëåæàùåå”. Ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. M o d e l: He bought a nice tie /happen/. — He happened to buy a nice tie. 1. She is a good dressmaker /seem/. 2. Mary is fond of shopping /appear/. 3. My mother ordered a new coat /happen/. 4. We met while went shopping /chance/. 52

Óïð. 31. Ïðåîáðàçîâàòü ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ïî ìîäåëè, çàìåíèâ êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå ïîäëåæàùåå” íà ïðèäàòî÷íîå ïðåäëîæåíèå. Ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. M o d e l: The Pacific Ocean is known to be the largest in the world. — It is known that the Pacific Ocean is the largest in the world. 1. Until 1923 the Milky Way was considered to be the entire universe. 2. At one time the moon’s creaters were thought to be of volcanic origin, but now there is little doubt that they are the result of meteorites that have rained down on the Moon for all its history. 3. When a telegraph coble was brought up from the Mediterranean bottom, a mile deep, in 1860, it was found to be encrusted with corals and other forms of life. 4. A million stars in the Milky Way alone are likely to have planetary system. 5. The characteristics of an element seem to depend on entirely the number positive electric charges. 6. Roentgen’s X-rays turned out to be electromagnetic waves at a higher frequency than light and therefore unseen and more penetrating. Óïð. 32. Îòâåòèòü íà âîïðîñû, èñïîëüçóÿ êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå ïîäëåæàùåå”. 1. What is Ann likely to do this morning? 2. What is Pete likely to do in the evening? 3. What are you likely to do after the classes? 4. What is likely to happen to you when you are at the tailor’s or dress-maker’s? 5. What are they sure to do tomorrow? 6. What is the child sure to do before dinner? 7.What were her friends certain to do during their trip to the lake? 8. What services are certain to get at the shoe-repair’s?

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Óïð. 33. Çàìåíèòü êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå” íà êîíñòðóêèþ “ñëîæíîå ïîäëåæàùåå” ïî ìîäåëè. Ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. M o d e l: I think him to be a very noisy boy. — He is thought to be a very noisy boy. 1. I believe him to have very strong emotions. 2. She heard him sing a popular tune. 3. His mother understood him to be preparing for an exam. 4. If you suppose him to be a liar, why do you consult him? 5. Because of his accent they thought him to be a Pole. 6. The Captain ordered the sailors to come on deck at dinner. 7. They allowed us to enter the house. 8. Mrs. Cossart made the child lie down on a cot. 9. They saw him approach the house. 10. He has just invited me to go to the cinema. TEST 2 Çàäàíèå 1 Óêàçàòü íîìåðà ïðåäëîæåíèé, ãäå óïîòðåáëåíà êîíñòðóêöèÿ “ñëîæíîå ïîäëåæàùåå”. Ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ïðî÷èòàòü è ïåðåâåñòè. 1. My mother wants me to become a radio engineer. 2. Hydrogen is known to be the lightest of all gases. 3. They ordered the telegram to be sent. 4. The telegram was ordered to be sent at once. 5. I want to carry out the research myself. 6. He seems to have some experience in this kind of work in tropics. 7. She was expected to have been sent to the conference. 8. To check up the results we have to obtain the high temperature. 9. Here are the data to be checked. 10. To obtain necessary data was our current task.

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Çàäàíèå 2 Âûðàçèòü îáùåïðèíÿòîå ìíåíèå, óïîòðåáèâ êîíñòðóêöèþ “ñëîæíîå ïîäëåæàùåå”.  êà÷åñòâå ãëàãîëà-ñêàçóåìîãî óïîòðåáèòü âûðàæåíèå, äàííîå â ñêîáêàõ. 1. This conference is attended by many foreign scientists. /to be likely/ 2. Man will use solar energy more widely in future. /to be certain/ 3. The experiment will be completed in two days. / to be unlikely/ 4. He was at home when I came to see him. /happen/ 5. Jane is good at chemistry. / to prove/ 6. Popov is the first inventor of radio. / to be known/ 7. Large deposits of oil and gas exist in the northern regions of our country. /to be believed/ Çàäàíèå 3 Âûáðàòü ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèé àíãëèéñêèé ýêâèâàëåíò ê äàííûì ðóññêèì ïðåäëîæåíèÿì. Èçâåñòíî, ÷òî ýêñïåðèìåíò áóäåò ïðîâîäèòü íàøà ãðóïïà. 1. The experiment to be carried out is too complicated. 2. The experiment is said to be carried out by our team. 3. He supposed the experiment to be carried out by our team. Îáíàðóæåíî, ÷òî òåìïåðàòóðà ñëèøêîì âûñîêàÿ. 1. The temperature they are to obtain is too high. 2. They found the temperature to be too high. 3. The temperature is found to be too high.

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Ã Ë À  À

3

Êîíñòðóêöèÿ For + ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîå (ìåñòîèìåíèå) + Infinitive  äàííîì èíôèíèòèâíîì îáîðîòå ïðåäëîã for â ñî÷åòàíèè ñ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûì â Èì. ïàäåæå èëè ñ ëè÷íûì ìåñòîèìåíèåì â îáúåêòíîì ïàäåæå è ñàìèì èíôèíèòèâîì îáðàçóþò åäèíîå öåëîå, ãäå èíôèíèòèâ âûðàæàåò äåéñòâèå, ñóáúåêòîì êîòîðîãî ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîå èëè ìåñòîèìåíèå, ñòîÿùåå ïåðåä íèì. Äàííàÿ èíôèíèòèâíàÿ êîíñòðóêöèÿ ïåðåâîäèòñÿ íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê, êàê ïðàâèëî, ïðèäàòî÷íûì ïðåäëîæåíèåì. Ïîäëåæàùèì â ðóññêîì ïðåäëîæåíèè ñòàíîâèòñÿ àíãëèéñêîå ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîå èëè ìåñòîèìåíèå ñ ïðåäëîãîì for, à ñêàçóåìûì ñòàíîâèòñÿ àíãëèéñêèé èíôèíèòèâ â ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåé âèäî-âðåìåííîé ôîðìå. Äàííûé èíôèíèòèâíûé îáîðîò â àíãëèéñêîì ïðåäëîæåíèè ìîæåò âûïîëíÿòü ëþáóþ ñèíòàêñè÷åñêóþ ôóíêöèþ, òî åñòü ìîæåò ÿâëÿòüñÿ êàê ïîäëåæàùèì, òàê è ñêàçóåìûì, äîïîëíåíèåì, îïðåäåëåíèåì è îáñòîÿòåëüñòâîì. Í à ï ð è ì å ð: 1. It is necessary for me to know her new address (ïîäëåæàùåå). — Ìíå íåîáõîäèìî çíàòü åå íîâûé àäðåñ. 2. This is for you to decide (èìåííàÿ ÷àñòü ñêàçóåìîãî). — Òåáå ðåøàòü. 3. The children waited for the performance to begin (äîïîëíåíèå). — Äåòè æäàëè íà÷àëà ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ. 4. The father brought two books for his son to read (îïðåäåëåíèå). — Îòåö êóïèë äëÿ ñâîåãî ñûíà äâå êíèãè äëÿ ÷òåíèÿ. 5. For the article to be published you must take away some unnecessary details (îáñòîÿòåëüñòâî). — Äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû ýòà ñòàòüÿ áûëà íàïå÷àòàíà, âàì íåîáõîäèìî èñêëþ÷èòü íåêîòîðûå ïîäðîáíîñòè. Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Данный инфинитивный оборот чаще всего употребл5етс5 в функции обсто5тельства и в таком случае при переводе на русский 5зык придаточное предложение вводитс5, как правило, союзом «чтобы (дл( того чтобы)». The text is easy for you to understand. — Òåêñò äëÿ òåáÿ äîñòàòî÷íî ëåãêèé, ÷òîáû ïîíÿòü.

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Practical

Part

Óïð. 1. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Óêàçàòü êîíñòðóêöèþ «for + Infinitive». 1. Is it necessary for you to study German? 2. Is it necessary for you to go to the library? 3. Will it be easy for him to check up all the dictations today? 4. Was it difficult for her to all those texts? 5. Was it interesting for them to see that ballet for the first time? 6. Is it necessary for the things to be packed immediately? 7. Will it be easy for you to find this book? 8. Will it be absolutely impossible for Jim to find time to go to the cinema tonight? 9. Is it necessary for the articles to be translated by Friday? Óïð. 2. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Óêàçàòü êîíñòðóêöèþ «for + Infinitive». 1. Where shall we go in summer? — It is for you to decide. 2. Which doll shall we buy? — It is for children to choose. 3. Shall we go to the cinema or to the museum? — It is for her to say. 4. When will Ted return? — It is for Nina to learn. 5. Don’t forget to post the letter. — It is for Helen to do it. 6. What institute must Nick enter? — It is for him to decide. 7. Don’t forget to take the tickets. — It is for you to remember. 8. Shall we meet at 5 or at 6? — It is for Joice to say. Óïð. 3. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Óêàçàòü êîíñòðóêöèþ «for + Infinitive». 1. They waited for the bell to ring. 2. She waited for the kettle to boil. 3. I waited for the weather to clear up. 4. Mary waited for the waiter to bring the newspapers. 5. We waited for her son to come from school. 6. He waited for the telegram to arrive in the morning. 7. She waited for the telegram to be installed in her flat. 8. I waited for my coat to be cleaned.

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Óïð. 4. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Âûäåëèòü êîíñòðóêöèþ «for + Infinitive» â ïðåäëîæåíèè. Óêàçàòü åå ñèíòàêñè÷åñêóþ ôóíêöèþ. 1. The first thing for you to do is to remember the title of the book, otherwise you won’t be able to take it from the library. 2. The first thing for you to do is to copy the text if you haven’t take the book at home. 3. The best thing for him to do is to consult the dictionary not to misspell the words again. 4. The best thing for Tom to do is to have an engineer in if he can’t repair his colour TV set himself. 5. The best thing for her to do is to try on that coat to see whether it is her size. 6. The best thing for me to do is to go to the dry cleaner’s to have these stains removed. 7. The first thing for Jane to do is to decide whether she will fly or to go by train as it is time to book the tickets. 8. The best thing for them to do is to see their doctor because they are falling all. 9. The best thing for her to do is to find Nick’s phone number; otherwise you won’t be able to ring him up. Óïð. 5. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Âûäåëèòü îáîðîò «for + Infinitive». Óêàçàòü åå ñèíòàêñè÷åñêóþ ôóíêöèþ. 1. There was a very large house for them to live in. 2. There was nothing for the boy to read. 3. There was nothing in the town for us to stay at. 4. There were no hats for Helen to choose from. 5. There was nothing for the girls to discuss. 6. There was really nothing for Pete to do but wait. 7. There was nobody in London for little David to turn to. 8. There was nobody there for Betsy to talk to. Óïð. 6. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Óêàçàòü îáîðîò «For + Infinitive». 1. We left the thermos flask for Jim to have hot water when he returned. 2. I stood up for the girls to pass. 3. We left the key on the table for Nina to see it at once. 58

4. I want to leave the thermometer for Jack to take his temperature as he may forget to do it. 5. I’m explaining the way to my house in detail for the doctor to find my house much more easier. 6. I ask you to step aside for the students to see what you have written on the blackboard. 7. I insist on all these details for you to understand my motives. 8. I’m telling all this for you to know the truth. Óïð. 7. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Óêàçàòü ôóíêöèþ èíôèíèòèâà â ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ. 1. They were waiting for him to say something. 2. It was only possible to see the lower portion of the room, but it was enough for her to understand that it was indeed a very small room. 3. She says it is time for her to brush her hair. 4. This made it quite out of the question for me to accept Sadie’s offer. 5. And that was something for me to treasure. 6. We stood there for a long time waiting for something to happen. 7. There was no need for you to give me a birthday present at all. 8. Was it possible for a young girl to have got from a single experience so much bitter knowledge? 9. He opened the door for them to go out. Óïð. 8. Çàìåíèòü ïðèäàòî÷íûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ íà êîíñòðóêöèþ «for + Infinitive». 1. It will be mistake if we interfere in the matter. 2. He laid the brooch on the table so that all could see it. 3. There are three more items on the agenda that the audience must consider. 4. We were waiting until the film began. 5. Here is something that you ought to see. 6. This problem is so difficult that we can’t understand. 7. It would be disastrous if John did it. (ñì. «Êëþ÷è»)

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Óïð. 9. Çàìåíèòü ïðèäàòî÷íûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ íà êîíñòðóêöèþ «for + Infinitive». 1. It was difficult to analyze all the evidence they have acquired. 2. There is an increasing demand to include in the concert a poetry reciter. 3. We found it impossible to deal with this question. 4. I thought it was impossible to look neat and spruce and do everything. 5. Some people consider that to go to the tailor’s is the same as to go to the dentist. 6. The girl found it a pleasure to stand in front of the mirrors in this tiny cubicle and see her own reflections in them. 7. It was difficult to make the fitting as there was not much room in the fitting-booth. (ñì. «Êëþ÷è») Óïð. 10. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Óêàçàòü èíôèíèòèâíóþ êîíñòðóêöèþ è îïðåäåëèòü åå ôóíêöèþ â ïðåäëîæåíèè. 1. Mercury, the nearest to the sun, is known to be too small to hold an atmosphere. 2. Its surface probably resembles that of the moon but it is too remote from us and too near the Sun for us to see any surface details. 3. These stars are much too remote for the astronomer to answer these questions with the tools now available. 4. Commonly years are required for a layer of sediment a foot thick to be deposited. 5. Under the conditions that seemed to have prevailed on the early earth, and it appeared impossible for amino acids not to form. Óïð. 11. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Ïîä÷åðêíóòü êîíñòðóêöèþ «for + Infinitive». 1. For an atom to become an ion one electron must be removed. 2. For the flow of electrons to continue it is necessary to maintain the potential difference. 3. The temperature was too low for the substances to decompose. 60

4. The method of scanning can be used for pictures to be sent by electricity. 5. In order for the molecules to react they must be in contact. 6. For a device to be called electronic, electricity must flow across the space inside the device and be controlled by the device. 7. The speed of sound may be found if we measure the time required for it to travel a measured distance. 8. It requires a little more than two-fifteenths of a second for light to travel round the earth at the equator. Óïð. 12. Îòâåòèòü íà âîïðîñû, èñïîëüçóÿ êîíñòðóêöèþ «for + Infinitive». What is necessary for. 1. water to turn into ice? 2. the reaction to accelerate? 3. the atoms to form a molecule? 4. an atom to become an ion? 5. a metallic bar to become a magnet? Óïð. 13. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Çàìåíèòü êîíñòðóêöèþ «for + Infinitive» íà ñòðàäàòåëüíûé çàëîã. 1. It is necessary for us to consider this question at the next meeting. 2. It was necessary for the students to repeat the experiment. 3. We had to wait for the lecturer to finish his lecture before we could approach the instruments and examine them. 4. Rows of various instruments stood on the tables for all to see. 5. It was impossible for anyone to doubt that the new instruments would eventually be widely used in industry. 6. For the experiment to be successful the right conditions were necessary. 7. It was impossible for the experimenter to guess what results would be. Óïð. 14. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. 1. A large portion of the methods for the analysis of inorganic substances to be investigated involves treating an aqueous solution of the substance with known chemicals. 2. For the remarkable properties of rubber to be carefully examined, one has to carry out a long series of experiments. 61

3. It is desirable to perform a quantitative analysis and a molecular weight determination for an unknown organic compound to be identified. 4. For the properties of the substance to be prepared, some preliminary indication should be given. 5. There seems to be no simple graphical method of constructing the lines except for special cases to be considered in the following chapter. 6. For a system under consideration to be complete equilibrium, it is necessary that there will be mechanical equilibrium. 7. For mercury to be added to eliminate free chlorine the process was complicated for large seals operations. 8. The most important task challenging scientists is to look for all the means to power our high-energy civilization. 9. Other metals are going to be used as conductors for specific applications to be dealt with further in more details. 10. The problem I spoke to you about is too difficult for the designers to solve in a year or so. 11. For the shorter the half-life period of the element, the greater is its radioactivity. 12. By 1995 chemical products will account for 2/35 of all goods to be produced. 13. We applied heat for water to expand. 14. This theory will be adequate for practical application for centuries to come. 15. He proved that it was possible for the angle to be altered. Óïð. 15. Ïðåîáðàçîâàòü ïðåäëîæåíèÿ, óïîòðåáèâ êîíñòðóêöèþ «for + Infinitive». Ïåðåâåñòè ïðåäëîæåíèÿ íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. 1. She held out the telegram so that I might see it. 2. It is quite natural that you should think so. 3. The first thing he must do is to ring them up. 4. Let us wait till they settle this matter. 5. This is a problem you should solve all by yourself. 6. I shall bring you the article that you may read. 7. I gave an umbrella to the children lest they should get wet through. 8. I have put on weight. I can’t wear this dress any longer. 9. It is unbelievable that a man should go so far beyond his limit. 62

10. He spoke loudly so that everyone might hear him. 11. There is nothing that I may add. 12. It is very unusual that he should have said such a thing. 13. It is high time you knew gramma rules well. 14. This is a boy you can play with (ñì. «Êëþ÷è»). Óïð. 16 Îòâåòèòü íà âîïðîñû, èñïîëüçóÿ êîíñòðóêöèþ «for +Infinitive» ïî ìîäåëè. M o d e l: Why did he put the letter on the table? — He did it for his mother to see. 1. Why is the lecturer speaking so loud? 2. Why have you bought that newspaper? 3. Why do you wear your hair short? 4. Why do you go to the hairdresser’s? 5. Why did she want a colour rinse? 6. Why did she order leather heels with studs? 7. Why did you sit under the drier at the hairdresser’s? 8. Why did she take her shoes to the shoe-repair’s? 9. Why have you bought a blue hat? 10. Why have you switched on the TV ? Óïð. 17. Ïðåîáðàçîâàòü ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ïî ìîäåëè, èñïîëüçóÿ êîíñòðóêöèþ «for + Infinitive». A/ M o d e l: The text is difficult. He can’t learn it. — The text is difficult for him to learn it. 1. The text is too long. She can’t read it quickly. 2. The soup is very cold. I don’t want to eat it. 3. The coffee is too hot. We can’t drink it. 4. The watch is very expensive. You can’t buy it. 5. The hat is too large. By brother can’t wear it. 6. The coat is too long. She doesn’t wear it. B/ M o d e l: This is a letter. He must answer it. — This is a letter for him to answer. 1. This is a book. We must read it.

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2. This is a hat. She must try it on. 3. Here is a telegram. You must answer it. 4. Here is a postcard. You must write it to your Granny. 5. This is a question. They must discuss it. 6. This is a rule. She must follow it. 7. Here is a suit. You must try it on. 8. This is a new film. We must see it. 9. Here is some meat. My mother will cook it. 10. There are new pictures in the museum. We must see them as soon as possible (ñì. «Êëþ÷è»). Óïð. 18. Ïðåîáðàçîâàòü ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ïî ìîäåëè, çàìåíèâ êîíñòðóêöèþ «for + Infinitive» íà ïðèäàòî÷íîå ïðåäëîæåíèå. M o d e l: These shoes are too small for me to wear. — These shoes are too small that I can’t wear them. 1. This coffee is too hot for us to drink. 2. This book is too difficult for the new student to read. 3. The dean is too busy for that time to leave his office so early. 4. She is too weak to work. 5. This stuff is too expensive for us to buy. 6. She is too young to go to school. 7. This coat is too long for me to wear. 8. My suit-case is too heavy for me to carry. 9. These trousers are too narrow for him to wear. 10. This article is too difficult for her to translate. 11. The weather is too bad for him to go for a walk. 12. The soup is salty for them to eat. TEST 3 Çàäàíèå 1 Ïîäîáðàòü ê àíãëèéñêèì ïðåäëîæåíèÿì ðóññêèå ýêâèâàëåíòû. 1. It is desirable for you to know it. 2. He waited for the papers to be published. 3. There is the only thing for you to do. 4. For the experiment to be successful he had to do much work. a. Ýòî åäèíñòâåííîå, ÷òî âû ìîæåòå ñäåëàòü. 64

b. Äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû ýòîò ýêñïåðèìåíò îêàçàëñÿ óñïåøíûì, åìó ïðèøëîñü ìíîãî ïîðàáîòàòü. c. Îí æäàë òîãî, ÷òîáû ñòàòüè áûëè îïóáëèêîâàíû. d. Æåëàòåëüíî, ÷òîáû âû ýòî çíàëè. Çàäàíèå 2 Ïåðåâåñòè ïðåäëîæåíèÿ íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê, óêàçàâ ñèíòàêñè÷åñêóþ ôóíêöèþ êîíñòðóêöèè «for + Infinitive». 1. They were waiting for him to say nothing. 2. It was only possible to see the lower portion of the room, but it was enough for her to understand that it was indeed a very small room. 3. She says it is time for her to brush her hair. 4. This made it quite out of the question for me to accept Sadie’s offer. 5. And that was something for me to treasure. 6. We stood there for a long time, waiting for something to happen. 7. There was no need for you to give me a birthday present at all. 8. Was it possible for a young girl to have got from a single experience so much bitter knowledge? 9. He opened the door for them to go out. 10. Have you got anything for me to read? 11. For the meeting to be a success much preliminary work must be done. 12. No efforts are large enough for the research to be completed. 13. We are waiting for the jury to announce their verdict. 14. It will take a number of years for the two sides to come to an agreement. 15. They made it easy for the members of the association and other guests to attend the congress. 16. It will be expedient for them to postpone the visit. 17. It will be convenient for all of us to have the examination on Friday. 18. It is normal in English for you to give a few details about the people you introduce to each other. ÎÁÇÎÐÍÛÅ ÓÏÐÀÆÍÅÍÈß Óïð. 1. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Óêàçàòü íîìåðà ïðåäëîæåíèé, ãäå óïîòðåáëåíû êîíñòðóêöèè: a/ for+Infinitive; b/ complex object; c/ complex subject.

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M o d e l: Complex Object:

1. I want you to come earlier. 2. She saw him cross the street. Complex Subject: 1. They were asked to come earlier. 2. He is sure to come soon. for+ Infinitive: 1. It is difficult for me to do this. 2. The text is easy enough for her to translate. 1. It is time for the children to go to bed. 2. I’m sorry I didn’t hear the bell ring. 3. Yuri Gagarin is known to have been the first cosmonaut in the world. 4. He is said to be a new director. 5. She has closed the windows for you not to catch the cold. 6. I heard the door open and saw a man enter the room. 7. Here are the books for you to read. 8. She is certain to be late for the train. 9. The librarian wants the book to be brought in 4 days. 10. The poet is said to have finished a new novel. 11. We were waiting for the train to stop. 12. Please let me know your address as soon as possible. 13. Spring was near and we waited for the river to open. 14. I don’t like people to be late. 15. She made us wait for hours. 16. The children were told to stay where they were. 17. It is a very good thing for her to go to the South in summer. 18. The young man is known to be a first-class tennis player. Óïð. 2. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Óêàçàòü íîìåðà ïðåäëîæåíèé, ãäå èñïîëüçîâàíû êîíñòðóêöèè à) “ñëîæíîå ïîäëåæàùåå”; á) “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå”. 1. I was asked to meet my aunt at the airport. 2. Our group was the first to come to work & the last to leave it. 3. Their mother wanted them to help with the housework. 4. The tourist spoke too fast for me to understand. 5. He is said to have left school. 6. I want her to discuss this question at the meeting. 7. The lorry factory near the town is said to be one of largest in the world. 66

8. The farmer-head asked the student construction team to help with the building of a new elevator. Óïð. 3. Ñîñòàâèòü ïðåäëîæåíèÿ, èñïîëüçóÿ ãëàãîëû â ñêîáêàõ, êîòîðûå ââîäÿò: à) ñëîæíîå ïîäëåæàùåå, á) ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå. 1. The process is too complicated /find /. 2. The same physical law applied to another problem /think/. 3. The number of automatically controlled systems will rise to 50% /expect/. 4. The electrical engineering industry has made one more important contribution /know/. Óïð. 4. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Îïðåäåëèòü ôóíêöèþ èíôèíèòèâà. 1. We study English in order to read English books on our speciality. 2. Their device isn’t good enough to be used in our experiment. 3. We know the name of steel to be used now for any iron which contains from 0.1% to 1.7% of carbon. 4. Molecules are too small to be seen with the most powerful microscope. 5. Our aim is to master English. 6. The exercise to be done is at page 14. 7. I know this student to have worked much at his English. 8. Dickens is known to have written many novels. 9. To understand this phenomenon is to understand the structure of atoms. 10. I want you to read lesson 17. Óïð. 5. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Óêàçàòü êîíñòðóêöèè “ñëîæíîå ïîäëåæàùåå” è “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå”. 1. Newton is known to have formulated the Law of Universal Gravitation. 2. We are said to live in atomic age. 3. The earth’s first satellite is known to have been launched in the USSR. 4. These substances are said to form an alloy. 5. We noticed the temperatures changes. 6. The engineer saw the voltage increase rapidly. 7. The sky was seen to be darkening. 67

8. We know all bodies to consist of atoms. 9. We know Mars to have two tiny moons, which are not more than about 10 miles in diameter. 10. I didn’t see you come in. 11. Venus is considered to be the closest neighbour to the earth. Óïð. 6. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. 1. The pills my doctor has given me make me feel rather odd. 2. I want you to say to yourself that he died a gallant death in the service of his country, and we must be proud of him. 3. I had seen my father leave the house that very morning. 4. Just as he was falling into unconsciousness he heard his door open and quickly shut. 5. George was sure that fresh air and exercise would make us sleep well. 6. I’ve never known a chap spend so much time on radiograms. 7. I thought it to be the signal to start. 8. We didn’t expect him to come back so soon and were wondering what had happened. 9. She felt somebody touch her gently by the hand. 10. I’d like the job to be done as quickly as possible, without attracting anybody’s attention. 11. She didn’t seem to notice his unfriendly tone. 12. The number to which I had been directed turned out to be a house standing a little by itself, with its book to the river. 13. «He appears to be asleep, my lady», the butler said. 14. Lady Franklin seemed to expect an answer. 15. The boy was made to repeat his story twice. 16. Professor Lee was expected to join the expedition in North America, but he had fallen ill. 17. He was heard to say that it would rain and ordered the door to the balcony to be shut. 18. I looked at the house with suspicious curiosity, and it seemed to be looking back at me. 19. He is said to have been a sailor in his youth. 20. You are likely to keep us company, Jim, are you?

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Óïð. 7. Ïðî÷èòàòü, ïåðåâåñòè íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Óêàçàòü èíôèíèòèâíóþ êîíñòðóêöèþ. 1. It turned out that the particles of the «positive» rays could easily pass through matter. 2. They were, therefore, judged to be much smaller in volume than ordinary ions or atoms. 3. The positive-ray particle was deduced to be the fundamental positive particle. Rutherford named the «proton» this one. 4. The protons have been found to weigh about 1840 times as much as the electrons. 5. Within the tropics, the sun is always high in the sky at noontime, and we can expect the tropics to receive more intense heat from the sun rise and set rather rapidly since they are travelling at a speed of 1,030 miles per hour during the earth’s daily rotation. 6. According to this hypothesis we must expect continents to have split many times and formed new oceans and sometimes to have collided and been welded together. 7. Spectroscope analysis definitely shows the Martian snow caps to be frozen water in some form. 8. Jupiter is so far from the sun that its surface temperature ranges between 100 and 140 degrees Centigrade below zero and the clouds that mantle it are believed to be frozen crystals of ammonia. 9. Moonquakes which usually occurred when the moon was nearest or farthest from the earth are thought to be caused by the earth tidal force, therefore they also involve an external influence. 10. By the 1890’s physicists seemed to have shown conclusively that the earth couldn’t have been solid for more than a few million years. 11. Geologists and biologists seemed to have proved just as conclusively that the earth must have been solid for not less than a billion years. Óïð. 8. Çàìåíèòü ïðèäàòî÷íûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ íà èíôèíèòèâíûå îáîðîòû. Ïåðåâåñòè ïðåäëîæåíèÿ íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. 1. I should be delighted if I could get acquainted with the captain of your team. 2. He was annoyed when he learnt that they hadn’t chosen him as a player for the All-Union match. 3. I was sorry that I had missed the beginning of the match.

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4. We must wait till we hear the referee’s whistle, then we will see the teams coming out. 5. They wouldn’t be surprised if they were to receive an invitation to play in a tennis match with the fellows from our college. 6. You would be foolish if you missed the chance. 7. I’m pleased that I’ve been of some service to you. 8. She turned to me as if she was going to ask me something. 9. We are happy that we have won, it was a difficult match. 10. I was sorry that I’ve been of so little assistance. 11.He pressed his finger to his li ps as if he wanted to warn her. Óïð. 9. Ïðî÷èòàòü è ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê. Óêàçàòü èíôèíèòèâíûå îáîðîòû, à òàêæå èõ ôóíêöèþ â ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ. There would be ample time for Packy to look in at the barbershop of the hotel Northumberland... But Packy wasn’t in the frame of mind to devote much attention to the matter. Sitting down to wait he have himself up to long, loving thoughts about Beatrice. A quarter of an hour later, he awoke to discover that the place was still entirely free from barbers...Unaware of this, Packy continued to sit perplexed. And he just decided to give the thing up, when the telephone rang at his elbow. To ignore a ringing telephone is one of the feats of which humanity has so far proved to be incapable. «Packy, hullo. Say, how many more times have I got to call up before I get a little service? Do you think that I have nothing better to do than sit here trying to get a barber-shop on the wire?» «I want you to send here a man at once. I want my hair cut.» It was on the ti p of Packy’s tongue to inform the Senator that he himself was in precisely the same situation. But even he opened his mouth to reveal this he became aware of a disturbing emotion. Yet, in his past before he had come to know Beatrice, such an opportunity to pull other person’s leg would have enchanted him. But after all, Beatrice wouldn’t wish him to reject the opportunity to meet the famous Senator Opal. Besides to go upstairs and give this celebrity a haircut would be to perform an altruistic act. Beatrice, he saw now, would be the first to applaud the bringing of aid and comfort to a distressed Senator.

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Ê Ë Þ × È Ãëàâà

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Óïð. 20 1. the velocity to be changing. 2. the volume to have changed. 3. the sum to be constant. 4. the weight of a body to be minimized. 5. the experiment to be completed in time. 6. them to complete the work. 7. us to obtain good results. 8. you to repeat the measurements. 9. me to describe it in details. 10. them to discuss this question many times. Óïð. 25 Óïð. 42

1. — 1/f 3. — 3/b 5. — 5/a 2. — 2/h 4. — 4/c 6. — 6/d

7. — 7/g 8. — 8/e

1. somebody buy an ice-cream. 2. us to come home with empty hands. 3. him to be a well-read person. 4. her ask questions herself. 5. us to come back so early 6. her to sing on evening 7. him marry my girl-friend. 8. them leave their car in the street. 9. my granny knit. 10. him to be hard sick.

Ãëàâà

3

Óïð. 8 1. It will be mistake for us to interfere in the matter. 2. The brooch was laid on the table for him to be seen. 3. There are three more three items on the agenda for the audience to consider. 4. We were waiting for the film to begin. 5. Here is something for you to see. 6. The problem is so difficult for us to understand. 7. It would be disastrous for John to do it. 71

Óïð. 9 1. It was difficult for them to analyze all the evidences acquired. 2. There is an increasing demand for a poetry reciter to be included in the concert. 3. We found it impossible for this question to be dealt with. 4. It was impossible for me to look neat and spruce and do everything. 5. To go to the tailor’s is the same for some people as to go to the dentist. 6. It was a pleasure for the girl to stand in front of the mirrors in this tiny cubic and to see her own reflections in them. 7. It was difficult for the fitting to be made as there was not much room in the fitting-booth. Óïð. 15 1. She held out the telegram for me to see it. 2. It is quite natural for you to think so. 3. The first thing for him to do is to ring them up. 4. Let us wait for them to settle this matter. 5. This is a problem for you to solve all by yourself. 6. I shall bring the article for you to read. 7. I had an umbrella for the children not to get wet through. 8. I have put on weight for the dress not to be worn any longer. 9. It is unbelievable for the man to go so far beyond his limit. 10. He spoke so loudly for everyone to hear him. 11. There is nothing for me to add. 12. It is unusual for him to have said such a thing. 13. It is high time for you to know Gramma rules. 14. This is a boy for you to play with. Óïð. 17 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

A/ The text is too long for her to read it quickly. The soup is very cold for me to eat it. The coffee is too hot for us to drink it. The watch is very expensive for you to buy it. The hat is too large for my brother to wear it. The coat is too long for her to wear it.

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B/ 1. This is a book for us to read . 2. This is a hat for her to try on. 3. Here is a telegram for you to answer . 4. Here is a postcard for you to write it to your granny. 5. This is a question for them to discuss . 6. This is a rule for her to follow . 7. Here is a suit for you to try it on. 8. This is a new film for us to see . 9. Here is some meat for my mother to cook. 10. There are new pictures in the museum for us to see as soon as possible. Óïð. 18 1. The coffee is too hot that we can’t drink it. 2. This book is too difficult that the new student can’t read it. 3. The dean is too busy that he can’t leave the office early. 4. She is too weak that she can’t work. 5. The stuff is too expensive that we can’t buy it. 6. She is too young that she can’t go to school yet. 7. This coat is too long that I can’t wear it. 8. My suitcase is too heavy that I can’t carry it. 9. These trousers are too narrow that he can’t wear it. 10. This article is too difficult that she can’t translate it. 11. The weather is too bad that he can’t go for a walk. 12. The soup is salty that they can’t eat it.

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ÑÏÈÑÎÊ ÈÑÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÍÍÎÉ ËÈÒÅÐÀÒÓÐÛ 1. Ïîòàëóåâà À.À. Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê äëÿ ôèçèêîâ. Ì.: Èçäâî ÌÃÓ, 1989. 2. Áåðëèíà È.Ê., Ïîìïà Ì.Ã. Ó÷åáíèê àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà äëÿ åñòåòñòâåííûõ ôàêóëüòåòîâ óíèâåðñèòåòîâ. Ì.: Èçä-âî «Âûñøàÿ øêîëà», 1985. 3. Soars J. (and) L. Headway. London: Oxford University, 1989. 4. Øàõ-Íàçàðîâà Ê.Í. English for Everyday. ×. 2. Ì.: Èçä-âî «Âûñøàÿ øêîëà», 1988. 5. Owen J.B. Grammar of Oxford University. Oxford University, 1986. 6. Terminal Engineering / Ïîä ðåä. Ë.Þ. Âûáîðíîâîé. Ñàðàòîâ: Èçä-âî Ñàðàòîâñêîãî ÃÓ, 1986. 7. Science and Technology. October. 1994. V. 33. ¹ 10. 8. Biophysics. 1987. V. 35. 9. Laser Electronics. 1993. ¹ 8. 10. Optical Engineering. December. 1996. V. 42. ¹ 3.

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Ñ Î Ä Å Ð Æ À Í È Å Ï ð å ä è ñ ë î â è å ................................................................... 3 Ã ë à â à 1. Ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå (Complex Object) .................. 5 Ã ë à â à 2. Ñëîæíîå ïîäëåæàùåå (Complex Subject) .............. 32 Ã ë à â à 3. Êîíñòðóêöèÿ For + ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîå (ìåñòîèìåíèå) + Infinitive ...... 56 Ê ë þ ÷ è ................................................................................... 71 Ñ ï è ñ î ê è ñ ï î ë ü ç î â à í í î é ë è ò å ð à ò ó ð û ..... 74

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ËÐ N 020406 îò 12.02.97 Ïîäïèñàíî â ïå÷àòü 01.02 2000 ã. Ôîðìàò 60x84/16. Áóìàãà òèïîãðàôñêàÿ ¹ 1. Ãàðíèòóðà Òàéìñ. Óñë. ïå÷. ë. 4,4. Ó÷-èçä. ë. 4,7. Òèðàæ 75 ýêç. Çàêàç . «Ñ» 10.

Èçäàòåëüñòâî Âîëãîãðàäñêîãî ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà. 400062, Âîëãîãðàä, óë. 2-ÿ Ïðîäîëüíàÿ, 30.