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COUOlO (cp.
npo-
yqaCTIIC
oranercnax I"onTHlIrenTOB n 6UTBe rrpn Paq.lIH B 217 r., IV naaec nopasseane C·C:IeBHlIl\CI{O~IY napro AHTHoxy I11) HJIIJ )(a;J,c IIPH~lO 3aHUJIJIJI npereuanu na caMOCTOnTCJlLHOCTL (ULlcTYlIJlCnUe Maxuaeeon n nOA'IHHclIHoii: Ce.T{enInl~aM HYAce B 60-e rOALI 11 B.). Bsrecre C Tell 60;lbUIJ'IC onaCHOCTH Da~BlInYJIHCL na MHp 3mIHlIliCTlItICCI\lIX rocynapcrn H3UUC: C aarrana ymc B nopssrc
:MeCTJILIX
me nTone~lei\
rO;~bl 11 B. na'IUJIOCL naCT)TnJIeIU1C 1)1I1Ia, a crrycrn ~06IfJIIICr, npyrmoro ycnexa,
nOJIBCl\a
na
nOCTORe
nap«I»sHe
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6CBIIO ODICTPI,]M onaaa.rocs rrapacranae pH::\[Cnoii: lInll~DaTHBLI. BJIJIHnHCTIPleCJ~IIC rooynapcrna CTpe1tIIlTCJlf,DO nTJlfUBaIOTcn B OpOHTy pH11CI(UX BeJIHl~Ol\CpiI(aBnLIX yCTpCMJICIIIIH 11
0,0;110
aa
APyrHl[
TepHIOT
cnoro Dcaan:nCHMOCTL: B 168 r, np8KTUQCCKH, a n 1t1.8-146 rr. OI{OJl'Ia-
I'penna, B 133-129 rr.- Ileprasr, B 74-66 rr.63 r . - CC~CnI(liAcI\aH CUpHlI, B 30 r.- Eraner, ouoananaex, no CTOJIL )KO neynaonno mJIO naeryn-
TeJILlIO -l\fUI\C)(OIIHfI If BIHIlHIIIUI H IIoHT, n
C ne1\OTOphlM JICUHO na noamtnn
aJIJIBHHCTUqOCHOrO
CIIJlaMII DOllnCTBCllIlLIX
npaucxax
Mupa H C llOCTOI(a, Be~meOCH Onuaxo npa BceM naenr-
DJICMeu.
uesr .CXO~CT BC npO~CCCOB 38BOCBUIlHlI pa3JIU11:JILI 6LIJIH nplllIIl;HDHaJILJUne YCTalIOBIUI
:u
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H naCJIel(IIIO SJlJIHlIH3-
06JIUCTeii It BOCTOJ(y OT EBq.paTa, IIaPcPnIlCI\OC l\apCTBO opnenrnponanocr, na BOapO}I(l\CllHU nanapaacnax TpaAIII~IIH Axeaeunnon, llC~I\AY 'l'CM l\al~ PUll cran npo8MlIHI(OM: Tpaj~H~Ifii: 3HJIIUIlI:-JMa. OTBLlHO paaDH1'I1C aanaAIIOH aurau-
:Ma. IIOrJfOTlIU
'1aCTL nyJILTypnLIx
noii l~HBJ{n:Jiaa~HH eAHHOJIIIQllO H OT oe CIfJILI 11
cnocofinocra
rranpanmcrocr,
PIlt.[cI~oi HlIUCp:aCB,
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BBC9JIH CYAL6LI uaH 3TOi U;HBHnD3a~HH nootime, Tal~ If aomonnrero B nee cym;CCTBeHueHWHM 3JIe:MeUTOM
}
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BODOO npCAUI HCTOpHlI atllJIIUIH3~[a ~OBo:n,1I0 CKOpO CTUJIa rrpen-
MeTOM eaxoro HUTenCBUlIoro Hay1IeBHH.
neilmax
12
J:ICCJIeAOBaTellei
aurepeoa
IIoMBMO CCTOCTBCHuoro y BO-
1\ CTOJIb
naaenoxy
nepUOAY npea-
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U3,"\:U1IOJ\CHCTBHeM paSJIHQHLIX COI~HaJIDIIO-nOJIB.THqCCJ~BX n
rpexecnorc noanca
l,y;IbTYP-
rpenoxaaenoncxoro BMncpUaJI1I3Ma 11 nepmannsrx yCTpeMJICIUIH PIIMa, aaI{OllOI~, u 60JIce scero, JVIBJl~UI3al.\HH UUTHQnOrO Banana B XyJI])TypJ[LIX Tpa~J(I~Bi Ilopennero llOCTOI{a,- lUIBlraUlIIO I( JlCTOpHH OJIJIII1I113)ra B 60JILmOH crenena COACHCTBOBaJI nparou nOBHX :u:aTepllaJIOB, Ao6LITLIX npXeOJIOl"HlIeCnHMH B3:LICRaHBHlIJI Ha Hcxo,!{e XIX H B aalIaJIe XX CTo;reTIUI. 06uJIue HOBIJIX 3IlHrpacPHQeCI\JilX H uanu:pOJIOFHULIX
tPOPl\1 -
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lIeCIil-IX l\OIiYMellTOB ~aJIO n03MOiliIIOCTL ne TOJlhHO C 60JILmcii JIOJI·.. 1I0TOB
peuoncrpvnponars
C;rOsI'lIylO
H
JlCTOpUIO 9JIJUIHI13Ma, HO 1-1 llJIO;J;O'l'BOpnO
nue aCneKTLI nJIJIHIIHCTI·lqCCnoii
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cxne H
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CTIlYliTypLI, TCll~Oll]vnI
n
aanyrannyio accnenonare
UOJIHTHT:leCliYIO casnae pa3JIIIlI-
CO~Jla:ILHO-3J(onOMH
CeJILCK1IX
06mUB, nOJII1THlIC-
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np,
Bo06~e coOTneTCTBeUIIO n:J}lCneHHIO YCJlOBHH n cPal{TOPOB, CO~lIa;rblIO-nOJlBTlf.qeCl\HX 11 lIACOJIOrHqeCHIIX, nJIHHBIImX na WGpMUpO-
nanne noueiinrcli lfCTopnorpacPHI1 QIITH'UIOCTII, a TalvI~e 1I0 }repo B8xonaenun IIOBLIX naropnanon TIOCTOHIIlIO coaepmencrnoaanca nayllllLIii: nOAXO~ H IDlfpUJIaCL JI yrJlYOJIHJI8CL JUITOpnpeT8I\lfH 3JIJIIIHH8Ma.
r.
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anropec
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3TOllY
lIeplIo~y
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auaaoraa npouoccy cPOpMupOBaHIIJI aJIJIHDU3lre npa BJIeKaTeJILBLlMII
H.
HonOR rCpMaUCRoi
6LIJIII
HMeHBO
HMIIepHH, B
CH.JIhUaJI
:MOBapXBlI
6eJl.OHOCIIOlIY
Ilpa
arox CyllVIOCTL 9JIJIHBH3Ma CBOAHJIaCL I( DO-
BTOPiUCHUIO u
RyJILTypLI CpCAH OTCTa"ILIX
pacnpOCTpanOIUIIO
nepencnoii
anTHlIHOH
na pO].);OB Bocroxa,
HHTepec It DOJI1ITBlIeCROH HCTOpUB H nOJIHTHlIeCIU1M: 4lopMaM 8JI~JlnH3M:a C xaparerepnsrx ilianUOH nOJIliTJUUl H paJHIO l"aR II
BOaneJIJIlIeHHeM
IlOc;lCJ(rIO~HX
n;eJIJIIOJJ\HM: AJIH
rpC:KO-M:aKeAOHCKOH
ACP-
oe IlOCHTCJIcii ~alleti:
(1)H;IHlIna 1-1 AJIeI\caHApa, ax npCCMIIUI-lOB, nanoaro OCTaJIeS! orrpe-
ueMe:U;Koi 6ypi-KyaslloH lICTOpllorpaeplIU. IIOCJIC Apoii-
XIX-XX BB. UOJIHTllqeCHYIO HCTOpJlIO aJIJIBnH31fa paapafia TI~IBa.;IH It 10. Beaox, B. HH30, 10. Hapcr, nocae nepnoil KBpOBOii nOHHLI - 'Y. Bn:JLneU, r. Bopne, I', Ilear-rcoa, a rroc1.[0 BTOPOH - nOMHMO TOJILliO lITO Ua3BallnLIX Bepne H Benrrcona erne 11 «1>. Illaxepxeap (coficrsemro anCTpllii:cI
aena na py6eme
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1.8
mnon,
AnrnUHC](Ue yqenLle S8BU:uaJIHC& :RCTOpUCH A.nenc4uApa (0. B. Tapn) n oTAc~nJIITJIX ~J1JI}lnHCTnl:JCCIUJX MOUapXHii - 11TOJIeMcen (l~jl~. l\lara
<1>. BOJI6slIl() ; ~paHD;Y3cJ(He - TO}Ke acropaeii An:eKcaHApa (jIt Pane) , JTarH;J;oB R CCJIeOI\H]J;oB (A. BYIIIe-JIenJIepl(), a npOMC Toro, ocotienrrsmn acnenrasra 8J1JIHlJnCT}lqecJ~oii nOJIKTJUtH - Mal{C1\onCl(1){ J1MnCpllaJIH31.fOM (IT. 'Ryrc), OTHomenIDIMH 3JIlIHBIICTIl lleCHHX rocyH
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BUJIJIIO
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rex
C
uapuAY C 1:l3Y1 lcHHell
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yrJIy6JICUIUI
paapatiorrta
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H
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enneunreii», DOJIHT.HqCCI~oil
Mepe pacurapenaa
oaahI accnenonarraii na'IUJIaCb npyrax acrreuron aroro nepaona - cOJ~lIaJIJ:JlIO-aJ\oHO:MII
HCTOpHH 3JIJIHUH3Ma, no H
Ilnpposr - Il,
VI Eanaropon -1'. Pelirrau). Anrnnxannny M. I\()pH
BCT01J:llBl\on0AlIeCI{OH
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anrno-auepnsancaae
H «ppaBI\Y3CIUIO yqOBLIC, MCIICC
CKOBaIlnLle HlITepeCOM: It DOJIHTH1.ICCI\OH IICTOpHB I1 -
nal\HOHaJIbllJJIX ml(OJI -
60JIee
B
Ayxe cnOBX
CI\JIOJlJILIO I( H3Y'lenHIO COI\U8JILHO-:JHO-
ull06..1:eM I.\BBHJlUaal\IlH. n paapaoOTRY co~;IJIJlnUaMa 60;JI,moii IJI,JU1A nnec .M. H. POeT(!)nl~CD, Iljl<'Acl'UnJIHDIUJ'lii (rrOCJIC OT'LC3AH cnoero 113 POCCJIIl B 1918 r.) anrao-asropnnaucxyio acropaorpadnno, Ero pa60TLI 0 npynHOY 3e:MJIeIJ;Iaj~enln[ H BUCIllIlCH TOprOBJIe nTOJIeMCeBCl\oro ErBDTa n llOMHI{(~CI(HX
o'nrourenuii
I(IlanJJDO-3I\OIIOM11 tIOC-I\oii
n ocotiennocrn
1I
11CTOpUH
rcanrrransrran
TPCXTOllHalI «COD;UaJILDO-3ROJIOMlAOCJ\aJI
(OI(COP~, 1941) 7 XOTlI 11 ne OLIxapaterepnoa lVIfI noueiinrek 6ypH,yaalloii HCTOpIlOrpatPJul CI(JIOllIlOCTJI It MOAeplIIISa~If}[ JI, paay:MCOTCH, ne paapemaaa ncex npOOJIe:r.f, Bee }liC no 60raTcTuy npUBJIeqCIIHLIX B Bnc;J;eBDLIX R ynoTpc6;tClJJlIO 1tlUTCpHa;XOB, no OOHJIHIO naOJIIOJ\OlIB.H H BAeH lie anator cefio panmrx Ha Banano, qTO me xacaerca o6~eii OD;eBI\H 3:.IJIUHJ-1311a C DOSH~lIii ero nOJIIITH-
IICTOpUH B:IJlIII1HCTJIlleCI
'lleCRHX, CO~HaJIhIJO-~Jl"OIIO.MJIqeCI~BX H RyJILTyplILIX AOCTlfjIieIIUH, T. e.
l\aK
I\BBH';l.H3aI~IUI B ~CJlOM, TO 8AeCL CIIMUTOMaTHtIUa ~LIJIa
nsnnen-
pa60TbI BBHAY IIX npaltTUqCCI\OH noCar y. History of the Greek World from 323 to 146 B. C. L., 1932; E d. 'V i It Histoire politique du mondo hellonistique (323-30 ay. 1. C.), t. 1-11. Nancy, 1966-1967 (UMOCTCH oOmHpBaJI 6116JIBorpaq>lIJI) . 7 M. R 0 s t v t z e I f. 'I'ho Social and Economic IIistory of the Hellcnistlc World, Vol. 1-1.11. Ox., 191-1 (ecn, neMCJ~l\nii H HTa;ILHlI6
Y]\a}l\eM ABC lIOCJIeAnuC
aeauocra:
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maacn
1.927 r. ){ aeonnoaparao nepeaananaa-
B. B. Tapna «3JIJlUHHCTlIlIecHan: ~HBHJIII3a~UJI» 8. CYM"
UHBr8
MHpyn: ~OCTIUI\CIUln
llCTopHorpatPlIB, 'I'apn CRcnTBlICCRB rounoro ODpCp;CJleHJlH CYU\IIOCTH 3J1JIU" ,,3JI ..tIIHJlI;iM ?» - cirpamnnaer Tapn. 11 npo-
aarrannok
oruocnrca R B03MO)I(HOCTHM lIH31ra.
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oanaxaer nouyio
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n
rpcsecxoa
nyJILTypLI na CTpaBhI BOCTOI(a; HJIH TpCTLIIX -
BOCTOllDLIX 33CllellTOB;
~JIn:
1WyrJ1IX -
pacnpocrpaaenae nponoaaee-
nae paaBHTHS 'IHCTOH JIHIlHU Bee TOH U\8 60JICC APcBlIei rpe'qccI~oH I~HnIfJIH3an;UH;
AJln. HBLIX -
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3TO ra iI(C rpeseoxaa ~UBB:IH8a~HS, HO
B.ilHJIHBCM nOBLIX yCJIOBuii.
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liCTBnoii; H BCO OIIH
cnaasmaiorcu
as
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nax
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pex
nCI(On, B TelieHHO I\OTOpLIX
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pacnpocrpannnacr, AaJIel\O sa npeAC;ILI cnoon pOAHnLI; HHI~aI~oo oriutee onponoaeuae ne MontCT nOJIIIOCTLIO OXBaTIITb 3TOT nponocci 9. CYil(AeHUe STO, Be aumenaoo U3nCCTHldX OCBOBaUI·df, nOCKOJILI(Y lICJlhiUI ocna pUBaT» lIPC3BLI"IaiinOH CJIOHHIOCTH 3:.IJIlInU cTlillecltoii UCTopan, lie l[OiKeT 6LlTL, omrano, npIlIuITO in toto BnJl~Y OqeBHAIIOH csooti JIOraTJIHnOH ycranonxa, orpaaraiouiofl 6eccluIIIO aanaJ.\Hoi oypmynanoii acropaorpadma, ee UCCITOCOOJlOCTb C lI03HI~Hii TpaAHI\I:I0nHLIX
T:fpa
."~OliTPl1Il J\aTL yuoAHTeJILnyro
reoperasecnyio
nurepnperamno 3JIHH-
HIl3Ma.
B
OTC'lJeCTllCIIIIOii
HCTopBorpatPBB TeMa 8JIJIBllU3Ma craaa npen-
MCTOM cnenuaasnoro H3ytJOIIHJI cpaBlIllTeJILUO paao -
XIX B.,
npJillCM OOpalI\CnHC
HllTepOCO:M H
J{
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C
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ncero TaR xa-
AJIH PYCCI\OH IICTOI>liOrpacl>uH nopetl>opMoIIIIoro npCMeBB. DaCHJILCBCI~HJ{, n031\HOe oopaTBnmUHCS It BB3aHTUHCltOB: HCTOpUB, ~e6IOTHpOBaJI B aayxe 06CTOHTCJILBLIM TpY1\OM no HCTOpBH coqllaJlLlIoro ~BI"KelIHn: H nO.JIHTHlIeCRoii pe«}JopMLI B I'penaa III B. no H. a, to. 3J\CCh, B 'IaCTHOCTH, lilt: 6L1JIO AeTaJILUO HCCJIe~OBaBO npe:~aIIJlc 0 onaprancxax J~apllx-pcq)OI)MaTOpax Arace IV 11 !{JIeOMe-
paHTOpIJO
B. I',
'V. W. Tar D. Hellenistic Civilisation. L., 1927. B. Tap H. 3JIJIHHHCTIJ1IeCnaJI ~I1nHJIlJ3a~Hn:. 1\-1., 1949, c. 19-20. 10 B. r. B a C 1I JI 1. e B C l( 11 fi. nOJlIlTH1ICCliaH pCq)OPMU II COI~HaJIbl~nUiI\elllle B ApCDlICii I'peuaa B DCP110)~ ce yna,!.\I\3. Cll0., 1869.
8
9
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15
ne
r. M~eBKo, B
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nepBLIM aanJIJICH B3yqenUeK
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Toro ncpHOAa -
CTpyltTDBnyIO
azsrepnamny
napoii 13
BpeMJI BatIaJIOCb B CHCTCMaTIf1J.CCltOC B3YQCHUe nOJIUTH-
3TOJIHHCnOH B AXOHCUOH JIHr8X -
I{OII'"
roreMOHIICTCl"OH nOJIHTHKe MaI,CAOHCltBX
11.
1'0
me
'lCCI(OH nCTopHH 3;IJIHIIH3Ma. ITo ~)1'Oil lI8CTU OC06CIIHO
snroro
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<1>. C1>. COHOJIOBLIM 12 H cro YlJClIlll\aMH, CPCAII l\OTOpLIX BLll-{CJIHCTCJI C. A. me6eJIeB C ero 1tIonOrpacPlUIMH, nocnnrueunsnm S.TUIHlIHCTHlICCKO-pHMCltoii rpCI\IlB 13. 13 IIa1IU:IO XX D. napaJIJICJIhllO nocJJ;CJIano
lIDIIJIHCL
H
HCCJICJl:0ualllU[
COI\Ha:IblIO-~IiOHOMHlIeCItoii HCTOplll1
no
JlOBOrO nanpaaaoiraa OLUIB, B IVI. M. XnOCTon H 1\1.. H. Pocronnen. IIepnLIi HCCJIel\OBa.1I 3KOIIOMIII-iY rpcxo-paucxoro ErBUTa 11, 1tICiR~y npoxax, BLUIRHJI POJIh rtapcnoa 110nonO:IIIII B ornnercxoli TOprOBJlO H npOMJ)ImJI('HUOCTB npa nTO~[(~MenX 1ft,. Bropolr B MllOrOqHCJIOJUILIX cnonx TIJYJ(aX HallCTHJI J~O aJI.1IHIIH3Ma.
ITpCJJ;CTaBHTCJllIMH sroro
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na
a:IJIHIHfCTn'ICCI(OM: BOCTOI\e) 15.
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AJIJI
P~'CCKOH HCTOpHOrpacPU11 l1TITCpCC It COI~HaJILUO-nOJIBTHlICCKBMH 8KOUO:MHlIeCI\II~[ UpOOJIeMaM 3:IJIDIIH3Ma, cymecmonao 060raTBJIa HsyqeHlfe
ororo nepaona, npaaennn
I\. JlOMy MapHCHCTCHoe Y1J:CIIHO 0 COI~HaJILnO
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npeAUpHHJlTLI
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3TOll aarrpannenna ncropnorpadnra (B 06~HX B. C. Cepreena) , HO B oc06eHHOC'l'H BeJIIIKO
warn: n
CIl~C B nosoomroa
C. H. Honaaeaa
H
. C 0 I~ 0 JI 0 B. TpYAr,y. CI1o., 1910. 13 C. A. iK e 6 C 11 e B. Ha DCTOpll1l AcPIIH. 229-31 rr. AO p. X. CII6., 1898; 0 rt )I( e. AXAII\A. B 06nacTH ApeBnocTcH UpOBDHD:DIf AxaiiH. C116., 1903. 11
:JU6HH.
l' M. M. X B 0 C T 0 B.
I'fc~reJ.\OBaIUIH no HCTOpUB OOMcna B
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T. I (HCTOPBJl nOCTOtIHOH TOprOBJIH rpCKO-pJlMCnOrO ErHlITa). l,aaaHL, 1907; 0 B at c. Osepua opranaaanaa npOMLIWJICIIIIOCTH 11 TOprOBJIB n rpexo-paxcnon ErBDTo. T. I (Texcrnasnaa npOMLIIlIJIeUBOCTL B rpcHo-pHMCI\OM Eran-
3JIJI}lHHCTlIlIOCI(BX
1lonapXllii 11
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r.
sa 11. Den g t SOD. Die Strategie in der hellenistischen Zeit. Bd I-Ill, Mfinchsn, 1937-1952; OB }I( e. Zur Gesohichte dos Ptolemiiorreichos. J\.liinchcn, 1938 (coaaecrao C 'V. Otto}; 0 H }It e. Wesenziige dor hellonistlschen Zivilisation. Briissel, 1968. 19 II. Ben g t SOD. Griechischo Gcschichto. Munchen, 1.950, 4. AufI., f'969. 20 II. Ben g t son. Grundrlss dor rdmlschen Geschichto. Bd I, Miinchen, f967.
19
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35
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rycT HeJIOBRHM
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xoaesao, aereana, C Tex. nop MLI HH'IIerO OOJIee ne C:I'bIDDlM 0 rpo6B11Ite AJIeKcaH~pa, COBpeMeHllLIe apxeoaora TaKH(e Be H8llIJIH HIIKaKIIX ee CJle~OB. Y'Be c Jt8BBHX nop XHJIllapX Ilepnaxaa paCII03UaJI B nTOJIeMee caxoro 3Ha'lHTeJIbllOrO cnoero npOTIIBDHI\a. HpoMe Toro, DepJtHRRa CTpeMHJICH YTBepJtJITbCSl BO DJIa,l(eUUH
ErBIITOH 0 ero 60raTbIMIl pecypcaaa, llTOJIeMeB: me IIpHMKByJI K nparaa nep~HKRH, H STO nocnyataao XIIJIHapxy npenJlOrOH 1(1lH. BTopmeUHH eo cnOHMH BOHCRaMH B ErHIIeT (B 321 r.), OAU8KO, npem1(e qeM llepAHKR8 AOCTHr rp8IIH~
Eranra,
TITOJIeMeii ,ltOJI}J(eH 6bIJI npencrar» nepen MaI(eAOIIBoicKOBLIM cofipaaaea, tITo6bI orrpannarsca n cnoesc nOBe~eHHH. nOCI{OJILI(Y OLIJIO Old npome npocroro OCYAHTb
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Ilroaexea sa paSJIHqHLIe era npocrynxa, It npem1(e scero sa y6IDicTBO KJIeOMeIIa Ha Hasaparaca, cy~eCTBYIOT 1-13BeCTJlLIe COMUeBBJI HaC1IeT sroro npenanaa I. COOTBeTcTByeT cneaa onpaBAaHBJI AeicTnllT~JILlIOCTH IIJIH HeT, BO, K8R OH TO na 6IilJIO, IIToJIeMei BLlmeJl HB 3TOi nepeACJIKII 11eBpeAHMLIM, nOCKOJILJ{Y nOJILBOBaJIC.JI B BORcHe 6on:Lmoii nonyJIHpBOCTLIO. 0 noxone IlepAHRRH B Eraner n HCTOllBHKax HMeeTC.JI neMaJIO uporanopesaa, n03TOMY 6YACT paayMHLIM nOJlLSOBaTLCJI yKaaanHH.:MH TpaAII~HH C 60JIblIIOii ocropoaeaocrrao, He nOAJIeHtIlT, onnano, COMueUHlO, lITO B
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ne
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8HallllTeJILHLIe norepn B JlIOJlHX npHlIeM Be nOCJIe~BIOIO pOJID anecr, CLIrpaJIH rJIy6Hua peua H npO)lrOpJIJlBLIe RP01\OJ{HJlLI. OtICnU,I\BO, DCJle).lCTBHe nonecenIILIX THmeJIDIX noreps D narepe TIepJJ;HnUH COCTaD1IJlCH aaroBOp rrpOTHB KOMalIJ(YIO~oro. X.HJIHapX UJ~JJI yMeplqDJIelI B C06CTB8HHOM marpe, npauea raaanyio pOJIL B IIOUylUOIIHH
cYrpaJI IlHcIlolI, aexorna OAIIII 44
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cannpa. TOJIeMeH, BO BeaRO'M CJIy'Iae, SHaH, *leM: OB: o6J1satt 9TOMY q~JIOneKY, TaR I{aR IIuq,OH BMeCTe C A,ppHAceM 6LIJI Ba3Ha'IeU BO
apeaeansre oneayasr aecnocotimax
K ynpanne-
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pacnpaaa, COrJIaCBO npeAaHHIO, Be MeBee nHTHAeCHTH senoaex 6LIJIB: nparonopensr K CMepTHOH !opMe pereHTCTBO B IIMUepHH (321). O~HaKo ITTOJIeMeU STO npenao)I{eBHe OTKJIOHHJI. OH C ~aBHHX nop Hs6pan ~JIH ce61I Eraner, WIS: nero naamee acero 6LIJIO pacmapars 11 yRpenllTL CBOIl n03~H HMeBHO B 9TOH crpane, Ho, lITo6bI otieaonaCIITL CTpaHy OT BTopmeUHH eo CTOpOHIaI IIaJIeCTIIHLt, OH HymAaJICH B csoero pona npHKpLITHH, a TaI
Onaaao c STBX nap CJlpHH OCT8BaJIaCL a:6JIOROM pasnopa, BS-8a xoroporo B nOCJIe~IOII{ee BpeMR BeJIBCL MBOr01:lHCJIeUmae BOHBId. IIToJIeMeH ne HMeJI naaaxoro ~OpM:aJlLHOrO npaaa na CUpUIO. 3TO, Bnp~lIeM, nOWlepKBBaJIH yiI(e eOBpeMeHHHKH, nanpaxep Taepoaax Ha KapAHH [AlIo)):., XVIII, 73]. Ho llTOJIeM8JO uymu8 6LLlIa 9Ta 06JI8CTL, lITo61aI otieaonacars BOCT01:lHYIO rpanany
Eranra, R
9TOMY A06aBHJIOCL
erne npa-
«pIIHHKmcKHx roponon C HX 8HallHTeJILHLIM lPJIOTOM, UpeACTaBJIsmnmM 1(JIlI ITTOJIeMell noHCTHBe ueoneaaaoe COKpOBlIII(e. Ilpasna, ero npOT1IBImRH, H npezsne ncero AHTHrOB OAnornas:&Ii, neOAHOKpaTHO nL!TaJIHCL ocnopars y Hero BJIap;eHHe ~HHIIRHiCRIDI no6epemLeM, HO BpeMH pa-
coenaaeaae
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nTOJIeHeH, a He Ha era aparos.
B 317 r. nTOJIeMeii meHB:JICII Ha cBoeii CBOAHOD: eecrpe, AO'lepu: JIara B: AHTHrOHbI, Beperrane, A BHMOH 317/316 r. 6LIJI It8SueH BBMeu, KOTOpblH nOCJIe nopastenaa 6I:JJI BLI,ttau AUTBrOBy co6cTBeBHLIMH noanaxa. CMepTL xenoseaa, sacToiillHBee seex
aanramaamero
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6LIJIa
45
aerpeseaa
ero npOTHBHllRaMH, B tzacTHOCTJI H tiTPJIeMeeM t YAOBJIeTBOpenUeM, JIO npa 3TO}I OUK ynycTHJlB 113 BRAY, QTO OTHLIne AUTHrOH nOJIyllHJI nOJIIIYIO CBo6oAY AeicTBD B llepe,Ilueii ASHB. 3TO ofirrapyacerocs DO DpeMJI J\OH~JIHRTa Me'KAY AnTHronOM, CTpaTerOM A3HH, II CCJICnJtOM, carpanox BaBHJIOHHB. ErllneTcuA carpan B 3TOM cnope peWUTeJILHO BLICTyUUJI na cropone CeJIeBI\a: rne 6bl IITOJIeMeIO IrQ npenOCTaBJIHJIaCL BOBMOiRROCTL IIaueCTl1 YAap no nenrpaasnoa BJIaCTH, STOT yoelI(AeIlHLI:U napTHRyJIHpHC1' IIHltOrAa He ynyCKaJl nOAOOHoro CJIyqaH. B BORne npOTHB ARTHfOHa (c 315 no 311 r. AO H. o.) DMCTyIIHJIH COBMeCTHO Haccaanp, JIHcHMax, TITOJIeMe i·[ II CeJIenK. IIocJIeAHHH 1I0CJIe csoero H3rHaUUH H3 DaBlIJIOHl11i namea y6e)I(H~e B Eranre, B STOB: Boiue 60pL6a maa TaK-
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AuaAOXOB 60JILmOe MaTepHaJILHOe H aneonoraxecnoe anaxeHue. BJIaCTHTeJIH H3AaBaJIH oCBo6oAHTeJILIILIe MaHB:«peCTI>1, B03Be~aBmHe rpeaax CBo6o,ror,- CUaQaJI8 AHTHrOII B 315 r., a aarex TaKme H IIToJIeMeii B 314 r. CBo6o~a rpexon CTaHOBIfJIaCb rrocrenemro 06'LeKTOM cnopa B nOJIHTIIKe AHaJ);OXOB, If B aTOM cnope OUB nanepeooii CTap8JIBCL onepemrn.
JJ;Pyr npyra, TIToneMei, K8R STO AOKyMeUT8JILHO nonrsepacJJ;aeTC.fI, npOHBJIBJI anrepec Aaa(C It npa3AHlrQHLIM arouasr rpexon, HO npa STOM nOJ\OlJJICI(OH ncerna 6LIJIH nOJIUTlAeCI\Ue ~eJIH.
BeCLMa nail(HLIM: 6LIJIO rarese
nropaseaae IIToJIcMeH Ha
OCTpOB KHUp, pacnOJlOmeHHLIH na nepecexeuaa BaiHULIX ToproBLIx nYTeii. C 313 r, OCTpOB I\Hnp npHHaAJIea\aJI AepmaBe ITTOJIeMeH; C npanHTeJIHMH neaoro PHA8 KHlIPCKJlX roPOAOB Jlaran naxonaaca B COI0311HlIeCltHX OTHomeUHHX. HaMeCTHIlItOM Ha ocrpone on HaSUallHJI cnoero opaTa MeUeJl8H,
nocae ~apeM
Toro RaJ( ORaaaJICH Bey~a"lHJ:,IM npe,l(LtfJ;Y~Hii OIILIT C ropona CaJlaMHHa HHKOKpeonTOM, KOTOpLIH Aa~
AHTHrOHY CKJIOHHTL ce6n K H8MCllC l1TOJIeMeIO. C 3THX rrop MeBeJIai 6:&IJI Dpe~CTaBHTeJIeM TITOJICMeH aa OCTpOBC. OH 38IIHMaJI DOJIOjKeUHe napcaoro HaMeCTHHRa II HOCHJI THTyJI crparera I\Hnpa (3aCBHAeTeJILCTBOBallIIhIH AJIH Hero IlancaDReM THTyJI carpana, BMe BCHI(}lX cO~IneHHH, neroueu), IIa
313 r. rranaer raione nOCCT8nHe n Hapene, IITOJIeMeeBCI(1'Iii rapnaaon na axponono 6LIJI OCaiI(AeU, 0AHaI(O BOHCI\Y nOA KOMaH,AonaUHeM crparera ArMeD. y~\aJIOCL nOA8BHTI> BOCCTaHHe. MOil(BO 3111 OTueCTH 31IaMeuHTyIo c.
46
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B JIIOOOM pJIYqae c 313/312 r. KBpeua OLIJIa npoxao csaaaHa c ErHnTOM:. BnOJIHe AOUyCTHMO, 'IITO nOCCTaRlIe 6yno CIIpOBOI(HpOBa:ao H8BBe, 'qTo6:bI "IHHHTL IITOJleMeIO TpYAHOCTH, B nepByIO Oqepe~L B era KOJIHTHUe B I'penaa, HO Ha 3TOT ClIeT HCTO'tlBHRH nasero He CO OOII\aIO T•
Ho erne
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HOB. IIoTepJIHH8JI Ha BpeMJI CHpUH BROB» BepuyJIac:& IIO~ BJIaCTL JIarHAa, a CeJIeBI{ yCTpeMHJICJI B BaBlIJI0 HUIO, r~e oopL6a MeiRAY' nUM H AUTHroHoM 3QTJlnyJIaCL Ha UeCKOJlLRO JIeT, noxa CeJIeBK He DpeAIIpBUIDI IIOXOA B Bepxaae carpalIUII, B xone xoroporo OH 1(omeJI AO rpaaan HHAHH. Boeaaaa 9KCne~JI, aasaamaaca B 308 r., B TeqeBlle HeCKOJI:bKIIX neT YAepmUBaJIa CeJIeBXa BJ];aJIH OT BaBlIJIOHllII. B MJlpHOM noronope 311 r., SaRJIIOTIeUnOM Mem~ AHTHrOHOH, c o~oi CTOpOHLI, B: era rrpOTHBHHRaMH Kacc8HAPOM
c npyroi, nepnonaaansno ne ynOMIIRaJIltClJ BH Ceaenn, O,ItUaKO noanaee IITOJIeMeH npaCOe~HIIJICH K STOMY' ;ltorOBopy. Ilocaeaonanmae saTeM rOlJ:bl IIToJIeMeB: HCnOJIL30BaJI, qTo6LI COB}J;aTL AJIa: ce6a onopnsre nYHKTDI Ha IOaiHOM H 3anaABOM: n06epeiKLJIX ManoR A3I1H, paBBO BaR :H. B Tpenaa. Ilpa aTOM UTOJIeMeeBCKHH cPJlOT BeJI 11 JIHCHM8XoM BH
IIToJleMeH,
onepanaa, 6asHpysc:& Ha OCTpOBe Hoc, 3~ec:& B 308 r. y IIToJIeMeJl p01QlJIcn CLIH"- BnOCJIC~CTBltH nTOJIeMeii 11, np08BaH-
uLli IIOTOMK8MH HJIaJJ;CJIn CBH8L C KJIeOn8TpoH, cecTpoii: Anexcaanpa BeJIHKOrO, 1I8xop;HBmei:cH Tor1(8 B Capnax, O~-. HaRO AUTBrOH COpBaJI TIJlaHLI ITTOJleMes:, pacnopmraanracs, He
MeDIKas, y6HTn Hneorrarpy. Bpasnsre ySLI Mejf~AY ITTOJIeMeeM RJIeOrraTpoi, BRe BCHRoro COMneuHH, cOAeHCTBOBaJIH 61tI 311a1JIITenLIIoMY pOCTy npecrmaa JIarHAa, TaK I(aK OH TaKHM nyTeM OlaIJI OM npUIIHT B ceMLIO Anescamrpa. 06pa3 nORoinoro naps nee erne He yTpaTHJI rorna cnoeii l\farlflleCI\OH CJiIJJ;LI. Ilpaaaa, KJIeOnaTpe B TO BpeMH 6LIJIO y;ne OJ(OJIO 47 neT (OHa pOAHJIaCI> npaxepao n 355 r.), HO 3TO HC HMeJIO SUaqelIllR - BMJI neJIHKOrO opaTa npanasano n;eUHOCTL ee
H
JIlf'IHOCTH.
B 308 r, CIIOBa IIOKJiISyJI I'pemno, OH MRororo. 1-10 on nee me cxor aaapemrrs ra:pUU80H8MH, ropona ROPHll<j>, CHKIiIOH R
KorAa TITOJIeMeii Ao6HJlCH He CJIUmI{OM
aa co6oii,' S8URB
47
MerapLI. Ona 6MJIH I10CTaBJIeULI nOA IIallaJlO crparera JIeoBnp01JeM, ara ropoaa 6bIJIH eJl;HlICTBeUTILIMH DJIaAeHUHMU, noropsre IIToJIeMeii npH06peJI r-orna B I'penaa, HO 1-1 HII~a.
OBII H8XOAHJIHC'b non era BJIaCTJ>JO JIHIIIb HenpO~OJl;J{HTe,TILIlOe BCJIKOM CJIy1J8e ne rroamree 302 r., I\OfAa AUTuron H AeMeTpuH, OCHOBaB naH3JIJIlfllCJ\HH C~J03 n I\opHu
BpeMH, BO
OBH B ~eJIoJ\.1 neocymecmmrsr. AJlfl
rocrroncrna nan
60JIT~meH
lIaCTLIO rpe~1I11 era ClIJI nce panno ne XBa TaJlO, nOCI(OJIJ)UY OBU 6LIJIH neo6XO~BMLI B npyrax xecrax. Bnpoxex, IIToJIeMcH 11 C03AaJI otropmra nYUI\T na cenepO-BOCTORe Iloaononneca, n MecPane, rrepeaxenonaaaok 38TeM n ApCHUOIO. I'opon :lTOT ~O JI3neCT:HOH CTerreHII CJIY;T\HJI ITTOJIeMeHM n J\alJCCTne cropoarenoro IIOCTa B I'penaa, Me«paRa OCTaBaJIaCL no BJI8AeUHH 3TOll Jl:HUaCTHH OI(OJIO CTa JIeT.
BamULIM nepeJIOMHLIM ltlOMCHTOM B mH3HH H nOJIUTIIKe ITTOJIeMeH I CTaJIO MOpCl\Oe cpaneemae rrpa CaJIaMHne na KHrrpe B 306 r., B I\OTOpOM 011 noreprren crpanmoe nopameBHe OT CLIua Aarnrona AeMeTpHH IIoJIHopI\eTa. Jlamr, C iI\aJIRH~fH OCTaTl(aMII cnoero
na-
c MOpS, 11 C cymu, ITTOJIeMeii CBOeB: nOMO~LIO CHJILHO CO~eiCTBOBaJI CTOHKOH 060pOHe pOAOCneB. Tpanmaae Ponoca He aa6LIJIB STOB yCJIyrH: OllB B03ll:aJIH IITOJIeMeIO I 6omecT-
noxecra, Horna B 302 r. 6LJJIa coanaaa
BeHHLte
HOBaH 60JILIII8H I\08JIH~HH npOTHB AHTBrOna, IIToJIe:Meu, RaK H CJIeAOB8no omHAaTL, CROBa OKaSaJICH B npOTHBnOM AUTuroHy aarepe, 3AecL Terreps C06paJIHCL n01J:TH nee BJIHfiTeJILnDle AHa~OXH: Haccannp, JIHcHMax, CeJIeBR H IIToJIeMeH. Boeaaaa YA811a H3MeHHJIa AUTIlrOHY. B 6HTBe IIpH Hnce (301 r.), HeAaJIeKO OT CHIIHa,tJ;LI, B ManoR Aaaa, OH IIOTepneJI conpymarensaoe nopameUHe. IIToJIeMeu R TOMy npexena caoaa aasnanea CupHeH, no aarex aa BpeMH .nOJImeII 6bIJI ea OCTaBlITL, nOCKOJILRy B era TLIJIy, B KHpenaHRe, BcnLIxuyJIO BOCCTanu:e. B 6UTBe npa Hnce OH He npllIDIMaJI ytIaCTHH, no OT IOmnOH Capaa OTRasLIBaTLCH He x\eJI8JI H cnona CYMeJI IIO~lIHHTI:. ee cBoeii BnaCTH. 3Ta cHTya~HH nopOAHJIa B nOCJIeAyIOII(ee BpeMH ne MelIee meCTH CllpHHCRHX BOHH, B KOTOpLIX rrpoTHBOCTOHJIH APyr APyry IIToJIeMen: 11 CeJIeBKHAM. IIToJIeMenM BJIJIOTL 'AO 200 r . H. 3. y](8BaJIOCL y~ep mUB8TL B CBOHX PYK8X KeJIeCBpllIO 11 tPHnHKHiicI(Oe IIo6e.pearse. B npII6pemHoi BOHe rpaaana npOXOAHJIa Me)KAY HaJlaMOM H TpUJIOJIeM (a OTJIIOAL ne R cenepy OT HUX no pexe SJICBcPepy, RJIII 8JIL-JIHTa'HB, I\OTOpylO paneo rrplIDHMaJIII aa norpaHHlInLIH BOJlOpaS~eJI), ran lITO ropon ApaA UaXOAHJICH sa npeAeJIaMII BJIa~eBHi nTOJIeMeJl. B OTnaJIeHIIH OT Mopn rpanana, BITpOqeH, pe31(O nosopaaasana It IOry; ona npoXO~JIa npHMepHO B uanpaBnenHH C CCBepa Ha ror MemAY ropaxa JIHBaHa H AUTHJJHnaHa, rrpasex ,'[\a?tlaCR OCTanCH sa CeJleBKllnaMH. B JlIo60M CJIYlIae, OnUaRO, o6J1aAaTIHe IOmHoH CHpHeH (KeJIeCHpHei) 03H811aJIO nJIH· IIToJleMeH naamoe pacnraperrae era AepmaBL1. 3Ta 06JIaCTL CJlymHJIa RaK 6:&1 IIpe~I[OJILeM (macacox) npa aamare ErIlDTa, B cJIJ1Iae nymALl ee nerxo MO'RHO 6LIJIO OlJHCTI1:TL. IO,KH8H CIlPllH npeA" . CT8BJIJIJIa 60JILmyIO ~eHnOCTJ:) H n ::lnOlI01tIHlIeCItOM OTTIOmCHBH, rrpeame ncero aa-aa JIUnUHCI(OrO uonpa, nOCKOJII:.Ry caM Eraner - crpana, lIpe3DLlllaHHO 6eJl:JU1R: JICCOM. . 9TOMy ycnexy Ha BOCTORe COOTBeTCTBonaJIO n8'I{lIOe npa06peTeHHe Ha aarrannoji rpanane Ernrrra: naCLIHOK IIToJIeMeR I Marac SanHJI B 298 r. RupenaHI(Y; ROTopaH Ha npoTn'KeHHH 'IIeTlJIpeX JTeT COXp8J1.fIJla neaaBHClIMOCTh OT ITTO-. JIeMeH. Marac ITOJI~71JHJI B Hapene nOCT TI3MeCTHHKa; on BO OTHOmelIHlIX aanacea OT cnoero OTlIHMa.
no
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Ce?tfeHuan 'I,H3H'b IIToJIeMen I YKJI8ALIUaeTCfi B 06LIlIHJ>le '18CTHOro 6LITa Auap;OXOB, npanepaeauannraxca, I\al\ npaBJlJIO, MOHOral\fHH. PaaYMeeTCH, JIB-Sa 60JII,lIIOro 'tJHcna
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rtOTOMCTBO He OTK8)1(eT ttTOJleMeIO B npaaaaaaa 3aCJIyr B KaqeCTBe lIpaBHTeJIJI ErIlIITa. On ocoanaa, QTO 8Ta crpana cnocolina COC'l'aBBTL naAC}({HYIO ocnony ero rocnonCTBy, eCJIH 011 B03LMeT nOA cnoii I\OHTpOJIL aesmn li BOCTOKy H aanany OT ErlIIITa 11 yJ(peIIHT otimee AepiItaBIIoe noaoarenae CTpaHhI C03AaHHeM B BOCTO'lIIOM Cpenaaeaaoxopse MOpCKOB HMIIepUH. 3TO YAaJIOCL IITOJIeMeIO I BO ncex oraomelIHHX. He CJIeAyeT, OAuaRO, yIIycltaTL H3 BI:I):{y, lITO npeua paOOTaJIO na Hero. ~eHTpo6eiI{HLle TeII}l;e~HH BpeMeHH AHaAOXOB, BIIOJIUe ocoananno nOAxBa~eHH:&Ie ITTOJIeMeeM, onpeneaeano 6paJIJI nepx HaA HAeeH eAHHCTBa HMIIepHH, ROTOPYIO OTCTaHBaJlH B nepayro oxepens Ilepnnxna H AHTurOH O,n;uor:ra3LIH. IIocJIe CMepTH Aaeacaanpa 6LIJIO JIUmL aonpoCOM npexena, Kor,n:a C03,n;aHUaJl I1M: Be~IHl,aH BceMHpHaH HMnepaa pacnanerca Ha pan OT,n;eJILH:&IX ,n;epiKaB. IIToJI-.eMei Mor He cnemars, HO 6HTBa npa ·lInce (301 r.) OKOHTIaTeJILno noxaaana era npanory, XOTH Oil cax H ne rrpananneaean B nannox cnyxae R "IUCJIy aenocpencraeanux yqaCTH:BROn oopL6LI. Ero ocoooii aa60Toii .. 6LIJIO OCYIl\eCTBJleHlle C IIOMO~Lro CBOUX Ao~epeH yMHOH H AaJlLnOBHAHoi Opa"lUOH I10JIHTI:IKlI, H eCJIB npU:CMOTpeTLCH It BHymllTeJlLHOMY "{BCJIy era 8aThen (CM. BLIme, c. 55 H CJI.), TO HaAO OYAeT OTAaTL AOJIm- . noe JIarHAY - era 6pa"lnaH nOJIHTHI{a 6LIJIa ycnewHoii.·· B Bei, BaR H B APyrHx. nOJIHTB1J:eCRHX OOJIaCTHX, UpOJIBJIJIeTCH My,n;pan paC1J:eTJI1IBOCT:b IIToJIeMeH I. BeJIHI(HMH, BaI(OHe~, 6LIJIII era CBepmeHIIH B Ra'leCTB9 'upanHTeJIJI OCIIOBaUHOH ilK IIToJIeMeeBCKoH ~epmaBLI. RPYmeHnLIB: lIY»(HM, 6e8paSJIH'lHLIM }(O BceMy HaCeJIeHHeM, H8LIB I{OTOpOro OH ne nOHHMaJI, ~8PL C IIOMO~LIO CBOHX COJIJ".(aT, xaaoanaaoa H RH1ReuepOB ,n;06UJICH OOJILmHX ycrrexoa, B 1IaCTHOCTH, 11 B paSBIITHH HayRH, AJIJI ROTOpOH OH, C03AaB My3eH, no,n;rOTOBWI BHYDIlITeJILuyIo yqeoHyIo H HCCJIe,n;OBaTeJILCRyro 6asy. B TO BpeMJI RaR nepcax B TeqeUUe HX IIOqTH AByxcOTJIeTnerO rocrrOACTBa TaR H Be YAaHOCL CBHsaTL Haxpenxo Eraner C OCTaJILHOH HM1lepueii, IIToJIeMeii BCTyUHJI na APyroH nyTL, KOTOpLIH B ROIIqe Kon~OB npHBeJI K YCIIexy: OH npUSB8JI eranrna K COTpYAIIJlTleCTBY - B nepBYJO oxepene HX nJIIIHTeJILHOe mpe"leCTBO, a TaItme orpoxnsre M:aCCLI tl»eJIJI8XOB, 1J:YBCTBOBaBIIIHX ceos He T8It ym nJIOXO I10A era nar-
o
paapxansasnr yrrpaaaeaaea, TaR RaR HHJILCU8J1 AOJIHUa BO spexeae DTOJIeMeJl I OCTaBa~aCL Be saTponYTOH BOHHaMH, COpOK HeT era npaBJIeBBJI . 3HaMenOBaJIH C060H nepuon oypHoro pacnaera, l\aR OLl HH
51
~M~O HeOCnOpHMO npCBOcXOACTBO BOeHnO~ CUnM, rtTo~eMe~ 6LIJI y6eil\J\en n TOM, "lITO IIa POAO~I nonsan ynpannart.,
scerna
npHMeHBJI JIlilIIb uacaaae, Pasyxeerca, I.ICiliAY KOpeHHLlMH erHllTHIIaMH If npHmeAmHMII B crpany MaKe.I(OHHIlaMH H rpeKBMH cyJ..qeCTBOB8JIa CBOerO pona
crena. B
:lTOM OTHOme-
HHH nOJIHTHKa ITTOJIeMCH I 6LIJIa marox naaan no cpanneHlIIO C AJIeI{CaUAPOM, xoroporo 011 TaR nhlCOKO nOllHTaJI, ytlpeAlIB B era lICCTb pa3JIU'IIIl>le l\yJJhTbI, n ocotiennocra n AJIeKCauAPHH.
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IIponOJJ;HBrI.lUHCH JlarH~ol\{ rrOJIHTUI\a
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OLIJUl nanaan JUl eA-IY DuellIIIIIMH 06CTOJlTeJILCTBaMlI• . Boiicxo If Yl1paB~eH}IC, a TaI(}l,e tPllIIanCI>I HBJIHIOTCH DO Bee npexeaa CTaIIOBLIl\1 xpeUTOM mofioro ~IIB}IJIllaOnaIIHoro rOCYAapCTBa, 110 31(eCI> OLIJIa erne IIy>.KAa B lIaAemnOM: lip aBJI~e1t1 eaoe, RaKOH MorJIIf COCTaBHT.b TOJII)J(O M8Re.I(oUHue 11 3JIJIHIILI. TITOJIeMeH 3TO C03HaBaJI H AeiicTBOnaJI, npaneparaBaHeL ororo IIpHII~Hna. Homa 011 IIOllTl1 n noCLMHAeCHTH-
OTBeqaJIa
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RHpeIIaHROH, lUInpOM 11 ReJIeCHU8H6oJIee XOp01IIO YIIp8BJIHe1tfLIM rOCYAapCTBOM cpena TCX MOllapXHH, KOTOpblO no3 IIIII(JI11 113 MHPOBOH IIMnepHH 1\.JIeKCallApa. Kypc ero naJIIOTLI 6LIJI BDICOI(, C MnOrOllHCJIeHnLIMn 1l1>aBUTeJIHMH 11 ropOnCRIIl\IH 06W;I-IJIaMH KM 6LIJIII YCTanOBJIeJIbI npoxmre yasr APYiI\ODI, CYlI~CCT BeHHI>Ie 9KOHOMHlleCRHe If a~AllInHCTpaTJlnHJ>Ie np06JIe}lhI 6LIJIH IIToJIeMeeM I JIH60 Yil\e paapemensr, JIn60 mc, no MeIIJ,meA: xepe, nOAneAeULI K peuteumo. Haxoneu, OT }l;eHTCJILHOCTII 8JIeKCaUAPHHcRoii: ~eHoH aKaAcMHlI MomHO 6LlJIO 011(11)l;aTb nOBLIX naysasrx AOCTII'I(CHHH. Otiaaaunocrrr, nOaJIOi!\eIIlILIe na nero BJIaCT.bIO, 6bIJIH HCIIOJIHeJILI JIarH~O}f n06pocoBecTHo. Rpo)le Toro, on OCIIOBaJI AltJIaCTHIO, IIaSBaHHyIO no era HMeUH AHlIacTHeH ITTOJIeMeeB, I{OTOpaH npasana ErHIITOM no 30 r. }l;0 H. J. Cpena n03AIICHI11liX napea H3 AOMa ITTOJIeMeen 6LlJIH upaBUTeJIH (H IIpaBHTeJILUH~LI) oOJIee HJIH Menee aaasnrem.nsre, HO ~JIH ncex JIIiX OCHOBaTeJlL ~IIHaCTHH OCTaBaJlCH ofipaanox, npeKJIOIICIIUe nepen KOTOpLIM 6LIJIO noaaeneno n KyJILT, a naMHTL 'tJTlfJIaCL BO nee upexena, fl;eJILJILIMH
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TaKmc CCJIeBK, eMU H JlaOJJ:HRH, MaReJ(OHnHHfi H3 MaJIeULROro MeCTellRa 8BpOIIOC. Ero ZII8HL OLIJIa ooraTa nepeaeaaxa, HO H B C1IaCTL9, H B aecxacrse OIl acerna cOXpaUHJI CBOHCTBCHBoe eMy 6J1arOpO)];CTBO nOMLICJIOB. Cenena OCnOB8JI 60JILmOe rocynapcrno, naaaarraoe no era HMeHH AepmaBOH CeJIeBRHAOB, HO npa nOllLITI{e B08BpaTIITLCH Ha pOAHIIY, B MaKeAOHHIO, OB n u OT KHHmaJIa llTOJIeMeH Hepaana, Horna 9TO CJIY'qIlJIoe}" eMY 6bIJIO Y1lrc ~aJIeRO aa CeML,l{eCHT, onaaso y Hero erne 6LIJIO MHoro 3 a:MLI CJIOB, ROTOpLIM TaR H ne cym~eHo 6LIJIO OCYII~ecTBHTbCH. B aUTHlIHOCTH He UaWJlOCL HCTopHRa, ROTOpLIB: S8AaJICJI Ob! ~eJILIO oIIHcaTL iIiH3IIL H ~eHIIHH CeJIeBKa. STO 06CTOHTeJILCTBO nOHCTHI-Ie nOpa3l1TeJILIIO, :0:60 iRH3HL ranoro qeJIOneaa - TaR me, Halt 11 mB:8HL ITTOJIeMeJl,- MOrJIa 6J>I npenoCTaBHTL 601lee lIeM JJ;OCTaTOllRO MaTepHaJIa, aacnyaeauaromero HSyllenUJI. OAnaRO TIJIYTapx, ROTopLIH npa CJIyqac ynoxaaaer o ueM, TaR If nOCnnTHJI eMy Cne~HaJIbIIOii 6}IOrpa~lIII,
Anraoxa
ne
59
a TO, '1TO B COCTOHBHH paCCRaSaTL 0 CeJIeBKe rpen Annaan 113 AJIeI(C8Ul);PUH (OKOJIO 160 r, H. 9.) n CBOeM oxepse «CIIpJliCHOii HCTOpJfll» (rJI. 53 11 en.), BD MHOI'lIX OTHOmeHHJlX ueYAOBJIeTBOpUTeJILHO. ECJIlI TeM ne Meuec n IIHmeCJIeAYIO~eM H3JIOmeHHH OYAeT cnenana nonsrrna noanars AOJImaOe SHaRK H JIB.'IBOCTH CeJIeBKa, TO npanerca ~fUPHTLCH C cym;eCTBeHnLIMH JIaKyH8MH B npenarraa. Ha MIIorHe nonpocsr HeT OTBeTa, oAHaKO BCHKHH CMo,n:eT npaarrarr, nenmrae cnep-
meJIHH CeJIeBKa, eCJlD: AaCT caGe TPYJJ: npeztcramm, era na
tPOHe era BpeMeH~. . Ror~a D BaBJlJIOHe iO HIOHII 323 -r, JI.O B. 9. yMep AaexcaHAP, CeJIeBRy 6LIJIO 35 JIeT, eCJlH AOBepaTL TpaAH~HH, KOTopan
cxaraer,
1ITO OR yM:ep B
281 r.
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75 JIeT. Bee H(e MIIoroe rOBopHT sa TO, '1To6LI 6LIJI IIMeBDO 77-JIeTHD aoapacr 1. CQJIeBI( COCTORJI B
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HO, OAuaKO, 'tITO CeJIeBRa, () Rn
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npocro YMaJI'IlIBaeT (B. OTTO). CaM CeJIeBK ne nosa60TlIHCJI 0 TOM, lIT06LI BueCTH nonpamey B TpaAHTO JIH noroay, "ITO He rrpH,l{aB8JI 81Ia t ICHBn TaROHY HCUpaBJIeRJ.Jro, TO HH nOTOMY, llTO B ReB: He 6DIJIO naxero T8Koro, "ITO aaCJIY'KHBaJIO OH onpoaepaeeaaa, B lICTOpHlI nOXO,Ila AJIeRC811):ij)8 sa nepssre ceML JIeT, c 334 no 327 r., HeT HH eAHHoro ynOM:HUaUHH 0 CeJIeBKe. Annaan naSLIBaeT CeJIeBXa stratidtes, 'IITO oanasaer «upocToi ~HIO,-
COJIA8T», HO 9TO onpeneneaae BecnpaBe~JIHBO 11 Be HCTBBBoro nOJIOmeUHJI, noropoe SaHHMaJI CeJIeBI(.
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326 r. rrepen cpameHHeM c Ilopox CeJIeBK KOMaHAOB8JI nei6rHnaCUHCTaMH AJIeKCaBApa,- B caMOM cpameUHH OB nOBBJIlleTClI B RalleCTBe onaoro H8 ROMaU;I{1IpOB tPanaRrH neJ];seTepOD, - TO STO BOSMomBo ODIJIO JIUmb B TOU CJIYqae, eMB ,n:OnyCTJITL, lITO OB yme pansme U8XOAHJICJI B J1HlIBOK KOHTaRTe c AneRcauAPOM, nOCKOJILKy B npoTBBHOM cJIYlIae TOT e~a JIB ;n:OBepHJI OH eMY BamULIi KOMaBAHbIH nOCT, npenUOJIaraBmUB: B8JIHllUe noeaaoro omara H TaKTHqeCKHX SHaHHB:. TeM 60JTee npUMe'tJaTeJlJJBO JtfOJl1l8BHe TpaAH~H 0 era AeaTeJILllOCTH no 326 r, Ha T\fACCOROi1 Clu\}1;J~6e ]I Cyaax (324 r.) CeJIeBR B8JlJI B 'KCIILI J(OlJb 6auTpHi~a Cnnraueaa
60
]IO JIMeUII Anaxa - OB BbInO:IHHJI TaI{HM: o6paso:M meJIanHe napa, CTpeMHBmerOCH CJIHTL BoeAIIHO BeAY~lIe uap0]l:LI cBoei .l{ep'K8BLI - MaRc~onHH H nepcos, a TaRme, IIO-BHAHMOMy, 11 npyrax apannes. OT Opal{a c Ana:M:OH POAHJICJI AUTHOX, CTapnmH C1JIH H II03,l(HeiimlfH npeeMHHR CeJIeBKa. ·B TO apeMJI KaK APyrHe AuaAOXII nOCJIe CMepTH napa OCTaBIIJIH CBOIlX IIP8:aCRHX melI, CeJIeBK. XpaHHJI BepUOCT.L Arraxe. Ho ona, B08M02RUO, nee me AomBna 1I.0 nOBBJIeJmH y Bee B 299/298 r, conepaansr, nOCI{OJILKY B TOM ro.AY CeJIeBR BCTynllJI B HOB])IH 6pax c ~ollepLIO AeMeTpHJI IIoJIHopReTa CTpaTOBBRoii. E!4Y OIJIJIO roma yme Jl:aJIeI{O sa nHTLJl:eCJlT, H 9TOT BTOpoi opaK 61aIJ1 SaRJIIOlIeH 118 IIOJIHTH1JeCKOrO paC1JeT8. B mllJI8X nOTOM:ROB CeJIeBI,a TeI{JIa J.laReAOHCI{aJl H apancxaa RpOBL, Teu He xeaee M:aI{eAOHCRIIB: ROMnoueUT ncerna OCT8B8.JICH AOMHHHpym~M B xapaxrepe CeJIeBKHAOB. 3TH npaBlITeJIB npanaaaJIB OOJILmOe anaxeaae xopomax OTBOmeUHJlK C upaHCKIIM HaCeJIeHlIeU, JI nOToMy He npIlXO)PITCH y,I(lfBJIHT:LCH, "ITO llHOrile apaamr ,n;OCTUraJIH BLICOKoro nOJIOmeHHH B BOHCRe 11
HMnepCKOM ynpaBJIeUUH Ce~eBRHAOB.
nocn:eWIHe ~HH mHSHH AJIeKCaHApa CeJIeBK H8X01I.HJICH. c napex, On npHHBMaJI yqacTHe na napy y Me1J.BJInOCJIel(HeM HIIPY, Ha KOTOpOM np,HCYTCTBOBaJI H AJIeKcaH)J;p. CeJIeBK 1(amc BXOAHJI B 1JHCJIO 3HaTHLIX MaKeAOHJlH, ROTopHe B BaBHJIOHC nocpe,qCTBOM Hm(y6a~1m BOnpOmaJIH 60ra Capanaca (non BUM, nanepnoe, CKpLIBaeTCJI naBIIJIOHCROe oomeCTBO C noxoaraa naaaaaaex) 06 IIC~eJIeHHH CMepTen;LHO OOJILHOrO naps. Ho Bee OWJIO nanpacao: oor ne BHJIJI npOCL6aM JJ;pyseH, 11 10 moBJI 323 r, AJIeKCaUJl:p yMep, TO JlI'I OT M aJIlIpHH, TO JIB OT BOCnaJIeUHJI JIerKHX, KOTopoe y napn M:orJIO OIiITL CJIeACTBHeM paUeHBJI CTpeJlOH B rpYJl:L B 6ltTBe C MaJIJIaMH. Hs mH3HH CeJIeBRa BO apeaeaa AJreKcaH}q)a H3BeCTHLI JlHmL eme AB8 anaaona, O]l'HH KaCaeTCJI pa6a, coemaBmero OT CeJIeBKa B KHJIHKHIO. ~eJIOM STIIM AJIeKCaHAP 6LIJI 6Y~TO 6'LI JllI1lno OSa60QeH H paenopBAOCS yqBRlITL POSbICRH 6erJle~a. IIJIyTapx [AJIeKc., 42, 1] o~emmaeT 9TOT l}laKT BaR ocotleaaoe OJIarOBOnene naps R cBoeMy 1qlyry
B
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fiLl MOPHI( npsrrnyzr sa Rua]'(eMOH B nol1.Y. On cy}leJI l(OCTanapio, nanes ee Ha CBOlO !'OJIOBY. Ilonaaxa OCTan:aCL conepmeano CYXOH, 11 naps pacnopananca BpyqUTL KopHKy T8JIaIlT B I(aQOCTBe aarpansr, OAIIaRO npopanareaa SaJlBHJIl1 AJIeI(CaUAPY, lITO OH nOJImCH TyT me, Ha MeCTe, YMepTBHTL nocraamero Wla~eMY; npyrae, naofiopor, CTaJIII orroaapanars era OT aroro. Hopose rosoprr, HHKTO He SHaJI, KaR nocryrrars B AaUHOM cnYlIae. Hanonon, TpOTLn BCpCHR CBJI3LlBaeT C 9TOH acropaek Cenenna: 6YnTO 6:bI OH H 6hIJI TeM, RTO HSBJIeK l(Ha~eMY HS BO~LI, nOBJlSaB ce BOKpyr CBoeR rOJIOBLI, 'tITo6hI ona Be UaMORJla. Ilpcacmecraae STO 6bIJIO HCTOJIKOBaUO R8I( npenaaaaenonauae Toro, 'IITO AJIeKCaBAP yMpeT B BaBHJIOHe, a CeJIeBK CTalIeT npaBHTL na~ 60JILmei qaCTLIO era HMnepHH - a H1ICIIHO repparopaea, KOTopaH 6y~eT otinrapaee, lIeM SeMJlH ~pyrux nuanoxon, 3aCJIymHBaeT BHHHaHHII, 'IITO 9TOT 8IIH30~ yrroMlluyT BHTL AuaAeMy
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B era HCTOpHH
Aneacannpa [VII, 22, 5].
cnaCHTe~L AHa~eK~ 8~eCL ~HrypHpyeT ~HnHKHicRBH MOpHR (HCTOTIHHKOM IIBJI1IeTCll O~HH H3 HCTOpHROB AJIeRcaanpa ApHcT06yn) • OAHaKo, npOAOJImaeT Appaan, oLma
RaK
eme H npyraa BepCHJI, 110 KOTOpoii cnaCHTeJIeM cxopeo ncero 6bIJI CeJIeBI{. Y Appaana 9TO TaKiI(C npnnonarca !\aI( npen3HaMeBOBaUHe Toro, qTO CeJIeBI(Y npeACTOJlJIO npaBHTL nan 60JILmei 1J:aCTLIO BMnepUH Anexcaanpa. Appaan H Annaaa, lIO Bceii BHAHMOCTH, nOJI&syIOTCH SAeC& OJ);HHM HCTOtIIIHKOM, BHAeJIHBmUM CeJIeBK8 cpena ncex OCTaJILHLIX AHaAoxoB. IIoMBMo aroro, npHMe-qaTeJILHO TO OOCTOHTeJILCTBO, "!TO npopanaaae npHHIIHaJIO B pacser CyIT(OCTBOBaUHe HeCROJILI(HX
AepmaB nOCJIe CMepTlI Aaeacannpa. Ho 3TO, COMBCTIHH, npencaaaaaae aa,u:llHM 1:I1ICJIOM, TaR 1JTO npe~aHHe MOrJIO B08HHRUYTh JIUmb K ROJ:lI(y arroxa AHaAOXOB.
callOCTOJITeJIbHLIX
6e3
Ao 312 r. ]1;0 n, 8. RaR npennoaaraao qTO BeCLMa
OHO 6bIJIO penmTeJILHO IIeB03l\IO)RHO, TaR 9Rcne,u:H~BIO Ceaenna Ha BOCTOI\ H ;o;ame,
BepOJITHO, caryanaro nOCJIe 6HTBLI npa Hrrce
(301 r.), »60 AO sroro CeJIeBR CTaJI AJIeKCaHApa.
npaBHTL
He MOrJlO
6bITL
H pe~IH
nan «ooJILmcii
0 TOM, 'ITo6LI lIaCTblO» HMIIepBH
Ho 0 CeJIeBKe paCcltaSLIBaJIH eme H APyrue tIy}l:eCnDIe HCTOpHH. COOTBeTcTByIOT JIB OBH HCTOpUtIeCJ(OH npaane STO, I(OUCTIRO, necraca COl\fIIHTeJILTJO. Ta 1(, CeJIeBI( BO BpeMH IIoxOAa AJIeKCaBApa n 334 r. 6YATO 6LI BOnpOCHJI opanvna B nH~HMax, 6JIl-l~ MHJICTtl, y,,~acTcH JIII C~JY nepnymcn n ManeAOHHIO. npenanmo, opaxya OTBeTIIJI: «He 6ecnoRoHcH 0 c-
no
62
Espone - AnH TetlH naxaoro nylIme ASlIH». Ilepenaior Taitace, "ITO B OOJILmOH osare B era OT~OBCI(OM AOMe B Maxe~OHIlH BcnLIXHyJI HpRHii orOHL, XOT.JI ero RHKTO Be aassaran. RaR RaneCTHO, nel£HLIii orOHD 6LIJI CHMBOJIOM BJIaCTH. AJIeRcaHAP nepeaan era y ~apei ~HaCTIIH AxeMeHHAOB, OT AJIeK- . cannpa OH nepemen K AHaAoxaM, a OT BTIIX l[OC~OJ,J;BHX It pllMJIHHaM, y !tOTOpLIX OIl saCBHAeTeJILCTBOBaH B HMuepaTOpCI{Oe npexa. ApyrllM rrpenaaaaeaoaanaex I(apCKOH BJIaCTH ~JIH Ceaesaa 6LIJIO CIIOBHAeHHe era MaTepH JIaoAHKH: 6YJJ:TO Obl ORa namna ItOJILIJ;O H nepenana era CBOeMY ChIllY CeJIeBKy, ROTOpOMy npeACTOHJIO nOJIY'tIHTL BJIaCTL TaM, rp;e 011 STO ROJIb~O IIOTepseT. Ilpa aTOM peTIL maa 0 neperae c nesarrao, Ha I\OTOPOH 6LIJI marpasaposan .JIKopL. CeJIeBK norepaa 3TO ROJIL~O B HOJIHHe EnlPpaTa. A8JIee paCCKaSLtBaIOT, lITO, noma OH uaXOJ,J;HJICH Ha nyTH B B8BHJIOH, OB cnornaynca 0 RaMen», T.OT paCltOJIOJICH, IIpHlIeM OTKOJ!OBmHB:CII RyCOR IIMeJI 4JOPMY RHOpH. npOpH~8TCJID: yCMoTpeJI11 . B STOM: HltOpC npensaaxeaoaaaae TIOpe:MHOrO aaKJIIOlleUHH, HO IITOJIellCii, COIIpOBomAaBmHH CeJIeBKa, HCTOJlltoBaJI 9TO I{al{ CHMBOJI 6esonaCHOCTH. HROpL 9TOT CeJIeBK BJl:eJI8JI B CBOB: nepcrens, I-IeT HHI,aKHX COMIIeIIHH, xro 9TH JIereHAM npennoaarazor BJIaCTD CeJIeBI(a B B8BHJIOIIHH. Bee OBH 6ea HCRJII01.IeHHH BOSHHK~rl[ nOCJIe 312 r. ;0:0 n. S., H BpHA JIB 6LIJIO CJIyqaHHLlM, "ITO B CBBaL C 9THM CIOH(eTO}{ 6LIJI nOCTaBJIen Taltme ITTOJIe:Meii. DCAL HMCIIHO
nofiena
n CeJIeBKa 312 r. CHOBa
IIToJIeMea
MeTpHeM IIoJIHopReToM npa rase B
HaJJ: llte-
OTKpLIJIa
Ce:reBI(Y nopory na BaBHJIOH. CeJICBK 6LIJI ocnOB8TeJIeM: lIOBOH AHuaCTHH. H eCJIII AJIeKC8H~P BLlcTynaJI B IIpe~aHHH R8K CLIH Benca-Aaoaa, TO CeJIeBli C1JJITaJICn CLIHOl\{ AIIOJIJIOua. Jfereana 0 ero pomJ,J;eHBB, CJIOH(HBmaHCIl, H8AO AYMaTb, He npOTlIB BOJIH oauoro BJIaCTHTeJIS, nOBeCTBOBaJIa, qTO OT~OM CeJIeBR8 OLIJI 60r AnOJIJIOH, a HC MaKeAOHHHHll AHTHOX. M8TL CeJIeBKa JIaoAHIta 6YATO Old: nOJIyqHJIa OT Anonnona B nap ItOJILD;O C nsrrpanapoaanHLIM Ha HeM axopex, C U8I(aSOM - no pomAenHH cuaa nepe-
1(8TL ellY STO I{OJID~O; I1 OYll.TO
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8 ponuBnmiicH y JIaOJ,J;HRH CLIII CeJIeBI( HOCHJI na oeApe poAHMoe nHTDO B epopMe JlKOpJI. PaccRasLIBaIOT, '1TO JIaoAIIRa BpyQUJIa cLIny :KOJID~O aaxaayae rroxona AJIeRCaHnp8, OTKpLIB elry, xro era HCTHHHbIM OT~O)( JIBJIneTClI AnOJIJIOH. TIocJIe
cxepra
AJIeRCaH~pa CeHeBI( OCI10BaJI
ropon,
B naana-
83
tlnH ROTOpOrO COXpan.lIOCL aocrroaaaaaae 0 oomec'fneIiuOM npOHCXO)I(AeBHH era OCHOB8TeJIH.
IIpaB1\a, eau ropon
CCJIeBJ(
csoero aeanoro OT~a AnTJIOXnCH, HO npaaeraionrae K ropoJJ:Y aeMJIH 6LJJIlI nocnamenst 60ry AIIOJIJIOHy. CLIBOBLH 11 BHyKH CeJIeBKa 6YATO 6LI 'f81{me HOCHJI1I na oeApe B xasecrse SHaKa HX npoacxoameaaa pOAHMoe IIJITHO UaSBaJI no
HAfelIH
n tPopMe HI(OpH.
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BAeT 0
He 6YAeT
rarraxao
aJIJIHllU:CTHlieCI(O:U
TaKHM o6pasoM K 6omecTBeHDolfy rrpaponaremo. CeJleBKHAI>I
conepnrenao
OCOSHaHHO IIocpeAcTBOM
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nereHAY': cnaxana
ropona AHTHOXHH H orpoxaoro xpaxa Arromrona B6JIHSH ropona, B Aa
OCHOBauun
BeCLH8 cBoeoopasHLIMlf C TOllKJf apeHIIH coapexeaaoro "leJIOBO B aHTHqnOCTII He 6LIJIO HenpeOAOJIHMOH nponaern MemAY CMepTHYMII H 60raMH. JIIOAII 6hIJIlI y6eml~eHbI, 1ITO
aeaa,
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neaaoe npoacxoameaae -
TOMy, KTO 6DIJI
npaaaan
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Onaano
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CeJIeB1\
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npoHBHTL
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cxaaano, TOJILRO nOCJIe Cl\ICPTH AJIeI{CaUApa. BLIIIIe (c. 35) 6LtJIO nonpotiao ocsemeno BOBoe yCTpoiicTBO IIMnepo
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nOCT XBJIUapXa, ItOTOpDlB panee aaUlIMaJI aaI{aAMtIHLIH npyr AJreKc8uApa
re4>ecTlIon. B
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ocy-
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CeJl~BK 6DIJI lfory~ecTBeHHDIM "IeJIOBeROM, nOJIJJ30BaBnIB.MCJI IIOJIHLIM ~OBepHe}1 IIepAHKKH. Ho uameTcn COMHHTeJILHLIM, QTO CeJIeBIi IIOCTaBHJI ua nepnyio napry, H60 JlOJIOUteRue llepAHRKH OTHIOAb He 6WI0 H8AemnbIM. Y Hero 6LIJIO MHoro aaBHCTHllKOB JI couepaaxos, 11 cpena 6LIBmIlx reaepaaon AJIeRCaBApa eABa JIH Mor HaHTHCL XOTJI 6LI OAHH, l{OTOP:b1H COrJIaCHJICH 6LI c npUBHJlerHpOnaUBLlM nOJIOmenHeM IIepAHKItH. IIpaBAa, BeeM 6LIJIO H3BeCTHO,. 'tITO Ilepnaaxa B nocnennee npean 6JIH3RO CTOHJI R AJlel\CaHAPY (naps HK061aI l(a]h~ nepenaa ellY cnoe :KOJIL~O c neuarzao), OJ.(uaKO OCTaJI:&nsre '1YBC'fBOnaJIH cetia BnOJIHe paBIIbI~IH IIepJJ;HltKe II He npH3I1aBaJIJiI era llCPBOIIC1'B8. Iloc..TJe npeiRACDpe~Ieunoii CMCpTH Aaexcannpa ne 6LIJIO' BceMH npH3HaHHOH PYltOBOl\flm;eii JIHQHOCTH, Tell 60JIee lJTO If Hparep H Aaranarp 6LIJI}[ B Ty uopy j:(aJIeRO OT BaBHJIOHa. I'ocynapcraennsra crpoa B BaBHJIOHe B mapl~)Je l(llH JIeTa 323 r. ~O H. 9. yme TaHJI B ceGe aaponsnn pacnana e~Hnoii H~inepHH. Ilepnasxa 6LIJI JIHmL nepBLIM cpena paBH:b1X, AJIH ~IIIorHX on 6LIJI Hey~06eH, H ODH nOMDImJIHJIH JIUillL 0 TOM, ]{alt 61>1 IIOCI(Opee H36aBHTLclI OT Hero. CJIYIIau Dpe~CTanH;'ICH no .BpeA-IR IIOXOlJ;a IIepAHKI\l[ npo'rUB carpana Eranra ITTOJIe:M:en I B 321 r. IIaAo aauerars, "I1'0 TeM speneaex Ilepnaxua CAe~IaJICH HMlIepCltHl1 perenrcx A311H. B carpanax, }\OTOpLIe nOJIyQHJIH CBOI-l 06JIaCTH 110 BOJIO noiicnonoro cotipaaaa B llaDH.TIOHe, OH BHAeJI CBOHX nomaIIelIII:&IX,- IIOJIOlI,eIIHe, xoropoe Te, eCTCCTBeUHO, ne IIpH3Hasamr. I\OntPJIHltT c carpanon ErHIITa 11 B03HHI( na 3TOH no-me, IIpC;D;npHHJl1'hIH rrporan EruIITa 110XO,n; 6ldJI crons iRe AypHO nOJJ;rOTOBJIeU, nax If nponenea; nOAPo6HOCTH 6bIJIH yHte H8J10meULt BLIme (C. 44 11 CH.). B BOHCKe COCTaBlIJICS: SarOBOp, sI(epTBOH KOTOpOrO CTaJI IIepJJ;HRua. Tpa;I\lIn;:UH aaasmaer AHTHreHa H Ceaeaxa y611ii~aMII llepAUI:RH. AHTUrCII 6liIJI ROMaHAHpOM npHBBJlerHpOBaHBOrO
nonpaaneneann aprapac-
IIHAOB «(lIOCHTeJIeU Cepe6pRHLIX II'l!TOB»), a Ceneau 6hIJI XHJIHapxOM. Otia aaHHMaJIH BLICOKue nOCTLI B BoeUIIOH aepapXlI11, H 06a 6hIJIH neAOBOJILlILI ITepAHI{I{OH. IIpH 3TOl\[ OCTaOTCH
OTltpLITLIM
sorrpoc,
cymecrnonaa
JIB:
ITJIan
youHcTBa
IJepAHRRlI yme l~anno, RJIII SIre 011 6bIJI cocranaen TOJIbl\O nocne BoenUOH Hey,I(allH B Enmre, Kpoltle Toro, 1IOH{IIO aa]laTh nonpoc, 06yCJIOBJIenO ~li 6LIJIO YlIaCTHe CeJICBUa B aTOM aaronope RaKHll-JIH60 TaiinLIM coraameaaex C carpanox Ernrrra llTOJIeMeeM, 0AltaUO Ha DTOT CqeT :MLt Be Haii)l;eM B TpaAn~HD: OTBeTa. Te~{ lie ueHee y6HHCTBO Ilepnamor, He-
3 8aKaa H 892
65
CO~fIIel1lIO, 6pOCaCT 3JIOBe~yIO TeBu Ha
npau CCJIeBI{a neaa-
na 9TO. Ilpn paaaeae carpannii D Tpanapanuce (B Ceeepaoir Cupun) CCJlCBKY nocranacs, noanozsuo n HallOCTBe uarpansr, BaBH:rORIIH. MM see erne JIaxoJJ;HMcH B 321 r., npanecmosr C co60ll: TaI{ 1\1110rO naa{ULIX nepoxren. Hupouuxr, 11 AHTi'IreHY TaRme O:bIJIa nopenana upaneraioniaa c nOCTOliU I~ Ban:fIJIOIII'IH carpauaa CY311alla, TaI{ '1TO 011 Tani!\e 3aUflJI naaenoe 1(0';10iReIlHe n ynpannennu H~IIIepneii. Eiuo pansure n TpanapaJ~I1ce IIpOHSOmeJI cepseansrk l-lIn\Ut~OUT: iKCU(l (})UJIHIIUa JUIfC}.Il\fO
OT Toro, I(aI\OH 1\fOTIIB
ApIJIfAeH 3BpHJJ;IiKa
}IOr TOJIUHyTb era
narpaaana COJIJ~aT ua asmepcnoro pe-
renra Aurnnarpa, na 3aII(HTY xoroporo, Oj~llaJ\o, BCTaJI (;0.TIOBK. MLI He snaeu mrsero 0 1\IOTllBax Cenenna, 110, !(aK 6Ll TO Il~I bIJfO, AnTHlIaTp n03IIal'paHUJI era aa 3Ty nOM'OJI~1> IIpeAOCTaBJIeUue:\[ BanUJIOnCI(OH carpanaa, TOT, I{TO rocnonCTBOBaJI ua,n; Baaaaorraeir, aaUIIMaJI OAIIY H3 naacnefiumx IIoaH~HH B Ilepenaeii A3HH. BaBHJIOHUH 6nIJIa 60raTa ecreCTBeIIHbIMH pCCJPcaMlI, ORa OOJIaJ\aJIa 1\IHOrOllHCJIeIIIIbll\I ira-
o
CeJIeHUeM,
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cxpemeuau
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BO~y~n:X C BJIHiI{UerO BOCTOI(a li CpeAUSe1\IHOMY MOpIO, H l(OltI1IynuIlal(HH, lIpOJIeraIOn~HX B I~OJIHllaX Euq,paTa H Tarpa, IIpH,I\anaJIO eii TUliOC 3IIa'lOIIHC, !{aHOrO, I10iHa~YH, eme J(OCTHraJIa (XOTH cJ~na JIIf rrpeaocxonrrna) TO.."IbKO Ern-
nercxaa cUTpaIIHH.
tleTbIpe rona IIOApsJ];, c 321 HO 317/316 r., Ce~eBK npaBHJI B Ba8l-IJIOHI1H B naxecrne ee carpana. BpeAIH aTO 6LIJIO narronneuo 1loiRAoyco6noH 6opJ)6ofI lJ;HaAOXOB, B I\OTOp01I H CeneBK rrpHHHMaJI yqaCTHe. nepe~Heft AaHH noGopHHRoM emmoro I(apCTBa BLIcTynaJI B OCOOCHIIOCTH i)B:MOIl na KapAuH. On YllpeJ{IfJI D CBoeM aarope n:yJILT lIOROHJIOrO Aaexcaaxpa, a npI{BI~JIerHpOBaIIHLIe lIaCTH aprnpaCIUIAOB nOA I\O~IaHHoBa HHeM Arrrarena COCT3BHJIH SAPO era BoiicKa. OAIIaHo B Anrnrouo OAIIOrJIaaOl.1 OIl IIameJI 1\fory~ecTBeHHoro npOTHBDURa, a BOHCI{OBOe cofipanae B Tpurrapannce 06'LHBlIJIO
n
3B}lena BIle aanoaa 3U TO, lITO B 321 r. 011 oneprsan nofierty MaJIOH A3HH nan I\paTepo~ If Heonroaeaox. KpaTep9TOT RyMup MUlie~OHCI\OrO Boiicl\a - 11 Hoorrroaex nann rorna B cpaaeenmr, B DT01\f cnope CO,:ICDI\ JJblJJY}l\~eII (1)1.11 OTHpbITb CBOn: Rap-
B
TLY: 011
pennor
IlpHIIU'I'h CTOpOJly AIIT11rOlIU, HO CTapUJICH upn
3TO~1 cOXpaUfJTI) no OTlIOIneI.1l1l0 1\ ;)1l~reIIY neuro npone noopymcuuoro ueH-rpaJIJlTCT8. Ho, I(OI';~a na 11yTH: B CY3Hany 8Bl.leU
IIOpeCeI{aJI Bauanoncuyro
carpamuo,
CeJIeBI{
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tIHHHTL ellY npenJITCTBHJI. On paapymaa OAHH :H3 KaHaJIOB 11 aaTOlIHJI crpany, Bee me SBMen C nOMOII1;LIO MeCTHoro
IlPOBO~HUI,a cyAtleJI BldOpaTLClI Ha liJIIO'IHJI CHilli J(orOBOp, HO B TO
ronna
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'IeM 8TO rrpOHSOIDJIO, 3BXCH yme y~aJIHJICH B Teneps AHTHrOH HaSHallHJI CeJIeBI(a carpanox
SRanDI H nopyQUJI e~{y
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ropona - Cya, KOTOKceno4>HJI y~epmH JI.JIH 3BMeHa. B cpastenan B Ilaperaxcae, rl1.8 3BMen norepnea OKOH'IaTeJIbHOe nopameaae (SHMOB: 317/316 r.), psre saa
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COJIeBK He ytIacTBOBaJI, HO 011, BepOHTlIO TaR me, liaR H npeiKIIUH renopaa-rytiepnarop BepXHHX carpanaa llHcPoH, rrpeAOCTaBHJI B pacnopaseeaae AHTlIroua O~BOrJIaSOro CBOD: Boiicn~a. XOTH CeJIeBK nOCTapaJICH npHHJlTL crparera ASHH AHTHroira B BaBHJIOUe eo BceMH IIOt:leCTHMII, Mem~y HUM}I scxope UaqaJIHCL pasnopsr, nOCl(OJlLRY AUTHrOR, ..ycTpaI-IHB cnoero conepnana 3BMeHa, CTaJI paccxarpnnara ceoa BaR nOJIHOllOllnoro npaBHTeJIH Bceii Ilepenaea A3HH. B DTOM KaQeCTB8, KOropoe OH cax eerie npHCBOHJI, OH CTaJI Tpe60BaTL OT CeJIeBKa OTlIeTa 0 era yrrpaBJIeRHI1' BaBHJIOHCI{OH carpanaea. 3TO YllH3UTOJILHOe Tpc60BaHUC CCJIenR OTKJIOUHJI, CCL1JIanCL na TO, 'ITO OH IIOJIYlIHJI 3TY ~OJI'I(HOCTL sa aacnyra eme npa 1KU3HH Anexcannpa 110 DOJIe xaxenoncnoro BOHCIlOBoro CO6paUHH, a ne MHJIOCTbIO Anrarona, 11a caMOM AeJIe ~JIlI 06JIa)laTeJIH BaBHJIOHCKOH carpanaa orpounyio ~eDHOCTL COCTaBJIHJIO ee MaTOpHaJILHOe 60raTCTBO. KpoMe Toro, AHTllfOH ne 'ReJIaJI AeJIaTL IICI(JII01JenHe ~JIH naBHJIOHCI,Oro IIaMeCTI1HKa. OH BHi~eJI B carparrax CBO]{X nonxaaemnax, 0611saUHLIX OTQHTLIBaTLCH nepe~ RHM. COOTlIomeUHe Cl{JI 6LIJIO nCCL'Ala nepanusrx, H 3TO, pasy:HeeTCR, ne ynpLIJIOCL OT BHHl\tIalIlilI CeJIeBRa. On He 6L1JI y6cm~eH, 't{TO CMomeT yncpzsarsca B BaBHJIOIIHH, H nOToMy C 50 conpoaoamaiomaau nocnenmo 6emaJl B Erarrer, rne C IIOlJeTOM 6'bIJI nplIHHT ITTOJIC){CCAf. 3TOT JIOCJIe,r(I:IJIH raxare 'tIYBCTBOBaJI, l(aI{YIO yrposy TaHT AJIH nero nponcna AUTHrona, COBepmeUHO OTRpLITO CTpeMHBmerOCJI BOCCTaHOBHTL ~IHPOBYIO HMIIepHIO AJIeKCaH~pa. AUTUfOH 6LIJI, nO-BHAHMO~IY, 'Ipe3BL1'IaiiHO ofipanonan 6ercTBolI CeJIeBKa, TaR naR eMY reneps He TpeOOBaJIOCL npBMeHHTL CHJIY npOTHB COnepHHKa. Tax OKOH'tJ.HJICH nepBDIi rrepaon rrpanaeaaa CeJIeBXa B BaBHJIOBHH (JIeTO 316 r, no H. a ..) ..
3*
67
B re-teune llOCJICAYIOll\MX ~CTblpex ner (c r~'16 AO 312 r.) CeJIenI\ COCTOHJI na CJIyn({lc y oranercuoro carparra IITOJIcl\leH I. Vcnex ne ncorna conyrcraouan ('My n. aTO npexa, HeKOTopMO OI1epa~HH aaK8IllIHBa~TIHCb naate necr.xa O~Y1'H ~lbI}IH ney,nal:laMH• .n:eBl:I30~I OOOI1X COI03HIl icon H AciicTBOBaBurnx COBl-leCTHO C HHMH ;(na~OXOB 6:bIJUl oopboa TIpOTHB ycrpenneuait CTaHOBHBmerOCH Bee 60JIee MoryI.r(eCTBeHlIblM AHTHroHa, ROTOpLIH yme B 315 r. B03BeCTHJI 113 Tnpa, llTO OH IIpliHH:I Ha cefia pereHTCTBO B l1~lneplIH. Te~1 calIbIJ\{ AUTHrOJI cosepmenno nel1.BYCl\ILICJleIIIIO nOCTaBJIJI ce6a H8A BCe~tH ,n;pyrI1:MH ~IIa.nOXa)IH, xoropue, eCTeCTBeUHO, He npa3II8JIH 9TOM yaypnamm, XOTH ona H 6LIJIa flI(06Ll CaUI,IJ;HOHHponaaa BOHCKODbIl{ cofipanaoa n 'I'ape. O,IJ;lIanO Ha nepnsrx rropax OIIB ;n;06HJIHCL O'tJCHL nesmororo. JIumL ITTOJIeMelO y~aJIOCL S8I\PCllHTLCH Ha OCTpOBe Hanpe, rtocne Toro naB OH CHJIOH OTOpBaJI OT Anraroaa upasarexeii T8MomHBX roponon. B 3T11X OnCpaI\HnX
Yl l 8cTHe
H CeJIeBI\. 3I\cne;:(HIJ;HH cPJJOTa na Jlennoc H l\oc TaI\iKe He YBeH l I 8 JIH C& YClIeXOM, paBHO RaR 11 nropzsenae B RapHIO B nO~Acp»n~y carpana Acannpa, I{OTOpOro ABTHroH B HOHI(e l\OlIIJ;OB JIHmliJI carpanan. He caonyer YJlHB.TIflTI)CfJ", 'ITO HTlT onepaIJ;IIII aa1l81I'IIfDllJIHCb n OOJ1LIUeii J.;IJIII l\fOULIUeii C'1'OIlCHH JJeY1Vllloi,i: ITTOJIcM:ei ne pemaacn JICIIOJIL30naTL 3J(eCl> Bee cson ClIJIbI, nOCI{OJILKY t)TH armnn OCYI.D;eCTBJIHJIlICb Ha C.ITHillH01\1 AaJIel(Ol\1 paccromrna OT ero 6a3bI - ErHJlTa. AJIH CeJICBI{U 3TH I1PCf(npHJITHH, no BCHI{OM CJIY1.1 ae, 6LIJIH lI8JIOpeayJILTaTHBHLI, Ta], K8I{ oan ne IIarrOCHJIJ{ AIITurOllY cy~ecTBeHI10rO yruepfia, Ilocreneuno Cenenx ~OJI"ReII 6LJJI npHHTH R yoeiI'J{eIIHlo, '(ITO, ~eiicTBYf.[ T8HHl\1 ofipaaox, OH HHRor~a ne yBH]J;UT 60JILITIC BaBIIJIOIII-IJ.f. TIO()TOMY 011 yroBOpUJI IIToJIeMen Ha-qaTb 6op:b6y Ha cymc, B MCCTe, rno AHTBrOH 6bI..T1 necsxa YH3BHM,- H CupUIJ, AO noropofi IIOi-l,lIO 6bTJIO ll;o6paTI>cn H3 Ernrrra OC3 ocofioro rpyzta. If )l;eHCTDUTeJII,HO, npn I'aao ITTOJIeMCH 11: Cenesx oneparann 6JICCTnD.(YIO rrorierty I1aJ\ CLIlIOl\1 AnTJfrOHa Ael\reTPI1C~l Iloauopserox (necna 312 r.). Ae1\leTpllH, yCTynanmlIi:i rrpoTBBHHIiaM D rrexore, nee CBOH BaAeiI\)l:LI noanaran Ha cno... HOB. O~IIaRO I1X naTHCK paS6HJICH 0 npeUHTCTBHe: npOTHBHIll(l[ nOl/l JUt n 3C:P.fJIIO CTOJI6bI H Irp:UI\penIIJIl'! I~ IlBM n\eJIe3Hide Ir,eUH, n .1\O'f'0PbIX cnonsr J{ 3anyT3&lIHCL, TO)[ OOJIee lITO paanenxa, cy lV'( UO ncexy, cnooii pOJIH He BI..TlIOJIlIII..1Ja. Pannsnr otipaaoa ne nocrnrnn uemr I-I UaBanepIIHCI(aJl ATaR8, npenu pHIlRTaR ,nCl\tCl'pHeM C neuoro tPJIaHra, a .u;eii-
AB
npnIlH}18JI
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60PLOy He pana ~06:bI'IH, a pana CBOllX aaKOHHDIX npaa, nonpaBH])IX AHTuroHoM, aorna OH aarnan CeJIeBI,a HB BaBHJIOHUB. BOSMomHo, OBH JIeJIeHJIH aa,l'(em;U;y npHHTH TaRRM o6paSOli R 6LICTpeiimeMy COrJIameHIIIO C AHTHrOHOM? Ral{ 6bI TO aH 61»1310, Anrnroa If He nOltI:bImJIJIJI 0 TOll, "ITo6LI OTKaSaTLC.R OT IOmuoll: CUpUH H BaBHJIOua. AJIS CeJIeBI\a nofiena npa rase RBHJIaCL Ba}KHbIM nepeJIOMOM B 1KU8UH. OB Ctj)OpMHpOBaJI reneps orpan HS neXOTIIH~eB H BC8)l;HHKOB (no npyrH~{ HCTOl.lHHK8M Ha rreXOTHHneB H BC8)l;BHROB) H ABHUyJICH BMeCTe C 1111MB 6bICTPLIl\{ llapmeM xepea ApaBHHCKYIO nYCTLIHIO B
1000
200
800
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BaBHJlOHI-IlO. Ham HCTO'lHlIR [.D:lIoJJ;., XIX, 90] nonpofiao Ha3TO~[ lleCTe coofipazaeaaa, KOTOP:&lMli 6Y;D;TO 6bl
naraer B
PYI(OBO;~CTHOBaJICH CeJIeBK. Ilpextne ncero, 011 oYJrro 6y CChIJIaJICH na CHMn8THH B8BUJIOHHII H na TO, \ITO lVIn COp8TBHKOB
Anencaunpa pemaionnnra HBJIHIOTCH 110 l-IaXO~JI~HeCH B HX pacnopaaceuaa cpencrna npHHym)l;eUlIH, 8 OII:bIT H yM, C nol\fOUJ;LIO ItOTOPbIX AJIeI\CaHllP aesorna COBepmHJI BeJII-II(He ~eH IIIIS. Bora, aaRJIlOlIaJI CeJIeBH, TaI(me BLII\aaaJII-I 0J(06peHHe ero npe~npHHTHIO: opaKyJI B BpanXH~ax rrpHBeTCTBOB8JI ero I-t8K ~8PH, If C81\1 AJTeRCaa;D;p, HBHBmHHcfI eMy no cae, 06eH~aJI ellY nOJIBLIH ycnex. 1I0 nplf6MTHH n Happsr CeJIeBK BKJIIOl.IHJI B CBOH OTpHlI: rrpoacasaanmx TaM MaI-tc]J;oHSII. RTO YI(JIOHHJICJI, Toro CHJlOH aaCTanJIHJIli npHltlKnYTb K HOBOMy rOCnO)l;HHY. OTHOCHTeJILHO JIaCTpOeUUH MeCTHoro HaCeJIeHHJI B BaBHJIOHHH CeJIeBl{ 1I:elCTBIITeJILHO He o6MaHyJICH: B8BlIJIOHHHe c pa~OCTLlO npanerCTBOBaJIII ero; lIeRUH nOJIHapX (0 era ]l;eHTCJIblIOCTII Hall IllfQerO 60JIee ne HSBecTHo) npHCOe~HnHJICJl R HeMY C 60JIee qeM 1000 'IeJIOBeR, a npasepssemna AHTlITOH8 YKpY,IJIHCL B naBlIJIOHCKoi'1 ~l?ITal(eJIH. 0;D;H8RO CeJIeBR mTyplI01\1 OBJI8}l;eJI xperrocrsto, Hero CTOpOBHHRH, COJj;epiKaBmHeCH :meCL AHTHrOHOM B aanJJlOlJCHHU, OI(83aJIHCL reneps na cB06o~e. Bce me BJIaCTL Ceaeana B BaBHJIOHHH Be 6LIJIa eme ynpOlJeHa. AHTlIrOB BblCTaBHJI npOTHB Hero nopnyc o611~eii '1HCJleUHOCTLIO B
69
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Huuauopa,
3aUHAlaB-
mero npu AIITHrone 1\OJIiliJIOCTI> crparora BepXIIHX carpauaii. BOHCI{O CCJICnKa l{OJIH"tIeCTBCnno, 6esyCJIOnUO, yCTyIIaJIO CHJIaM:
I!UI{alIOpa, 0AHaI\O neOiRI~AaHnbll\I lIO'III:bIl\I uananonuea CeJIeBI{ paarpouan rrporaaaana. CpeAII norafinrax copaTIIHI{OB HHI{aHOpa 6LIJI, B lIaCTIIOCTH, 3Barop, carpan Ilepcnma, 31Ia1II1TeJI:bUaJ:[ '-IaCTb apMHH Hananopa nCpCm:I8 na CJIYiK6y Cenesxa, 8 cax I-IHI{8HOP CO CBOHJ.III 6JInil\8iillIU~fW Jlpyal>HMH BJ,lnym,I\e11 6bI:I HCI{aTL CIIaceUHH B 6erCTBe uopea IIyCTbIHIO - OTllLIHe 011 IIC npe,t(CTaBJIHJI J];JIH CCJICBlia llHKaKOH onaCHOCTH. Boaee Toro, CCJICBK nor reneps YTBCP~}ITL CBOC rOCIlOl~CTBO raione B JTCI\OTOPbIX COCe~IJlfX carpamrax, B uaCTlIOCTI-f n Cynnaue II B ~fU~lJ"H. () CBOHX ycnexax 011 D CJIO~}IaJJJ)lI01\f 110CJIanUlf OIJOneCTHJI TOJIC~rel1. HCTO'lUHU
IT
[AHO~., XIX,
92, 5] cootimaer,
lJTO Cononx OLIJI npenCIIOJIHCII OTHLIIIC uapcxoro BeJIII1IHH 1-f OKaa8:ICn l(OCTOHII CJl01RHBmeiien 0 IIeM CJI8BLI BLI~aIOII(erOClI IlOJIl,OnO,T(I\
I, nponomsana cyntecmonarr, Ona JUPII'luaCTCH C 1 AHH (Ol{TH6pL) 312 r. no 11. ~.- nanana ~lal\Cl(OUCl\oro rona. IIanpoTIIH, AJIfI BaBH:IOIIHII uasaaou apsr ObIJIO 1 uncana (anpCJIL) 311 r. ll:Bonaoe nasano ~PLI CeJIeBI(a - 3TO cuoero pona CHMBOJl nee,
nOCJIe
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Ke~OHnH OH 6LIJI npU3HanHLIM Bom]l;e~{, rtmr BaBRJlOnflHBnanhIHOii CTpanLI, aanoenannran 3Ty TCppUTOpHIO OCTplIeM csoero KOITI)H. DaiI,ueHIDHe YCIIJIHH CC;IOBI-ta ]J;OJIrKBLI 6blJIJI
nanpanaensr na TO, 1.IT06LI nocpencraox crpororo ynpanJICDHH CIIROTHTL u cnoero pona J~eHTp aanoenarmrae Jf~r 3e}fJIH sonpyr BaBI1JIOna, a 3aTe)I pacnpoerpanari, CllOI0 BJIaCT:b 38 ]IX lIpC~eJIM. ITpn aTOl-I 011, JIO CYll'(eCl'BY, 6LlJI npC~OCTaBJICB c.aMoMy ce6e, u60 TITOJIC?ICif, era 1~o6po'I(eJIaTeJI:bHLlii C010S-' HlfI\ H npyr, 6LIJI norpyarea B C06CTBC1IU:&Ie np06JIC~IbI BIIyTpU H Due ErUIITa, a npoune l(Jfa~OXIf, C KOTOpbIMH 011 nonnep6LITL
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70
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HCTOtIHHI(a}( no HCTOp:U:H Al-IaAOXOB AoOa.OHJIaCb B r. BaUl'IJIOnCl\as: KJIHIIOITUCHan XpOIIHua, OIlYUJIHI\oBanHaR 6puTaIICKHl\1 aCClfpHOJlOrO~1 Canaeex Caurox ". 3TOABe raannnsre Ta6JIHQKH, 11p lI11aAJIeil\a~He }{OJIJleKI\HH B puTaIICl{Ol'O llyaeH B Jlonnoue l. OUB. DLI3BaJIlI OOJlbmOH pesoIIaHC B yqenOM MHpe I1 ueonuoxparno CTaHOBHJIHCL rrpeAMeToM HCTOpHqeCItllX 11 q.HJIOJIOrllllCCI(HX H3LICnaUB::H yqeHLIx. B nOCJIe,n:HHH pas - nOCJIe BaJIbTCpa OTTO 11 B. B. Tapaa aToH «XpOIDIKOH AHaAoxOB» saUHManCH BepIIJ~ ynK 5. 06e HJIRHOnHCH:&Ie Ta6JIJ:l'lI\B: cOAepmaT no ~eJIOl\{Y PJIAY IIynI{TOB naiKH:&le non OJIne HB.JI, B nepsyio ouepens K ,[(HoAOPY; ORH 6pocaIoT TaH,I\C nOBLIii CBCT Ita AeJlTeJI:bHOCT:& CeJIeBI{a B BaBHJIOIlHH, IIaQIlHa.n: C 312 r, Tan, nanpaaep, XpoHHI\a uaI': OYJJ;TO nOJ];TBCpm)l;aCT, 'tITO CCJIeBI{ nOCJIe cnocro aoanpamenan B 312 r. B»IHymJ(eH 6»IJI emo nenoropoe BpeMH BeCTH OOpLOy aa BaBHJIOH, 11 npeasne ncero sa «}J;BOPCI~», TIORa nauonen CMy ne YAa.rrOCL KM OB~aJ(CTL - nOAPo61IOCTL, xopomo cornacyioIn;aHCH c coo UHe:M: J(HOAopa. llpIIUn;HnU8JILHLIH IlOBOpOT npanec c co6oii: aaTeM M:Hp 311 r., l\OTOPLIH OLIJI a81{JlIO'tJeH lIemAY AnTHroHoM, C OAHOH CTOpOllLI, 11 JIHcHMaxOM, IIToJleMeeM H RaccaH;.J;poM - C APYroM. AnTI-IroHY no 8TOMy AfHPY OLlJIO yCTyIIJIeHO npano CBOera pona nepxonaoro aanaopa RaJ]; Ilopennek A3ReH, JIUCIIMax OLIJI npaaaan BJIaALII\OH: (Jlpal{IIH, a ITTOJIeMCU - npaBJ1ITeJIe~1 Eranra, MCil,~y TeM l{aK I\aCCaHAP AOJIiRCU OD1JI OCTaBaTLCH npaBHTeJIeM Manenouan TOJIbIiO no Tex nop, IIORa IOHLIH: naps AJIeKCaHAP IV, CMn AJIeI{CaHApa BeJIHKOrO, ne CTaHeT conepWeUIIOJIeTIIHM. STOT llHp 031laQUJI tflaxTH'IeCKHH paanen asmepaa AJICI\CaIIlI:pa, XOTH If>HKI~HfI eAHHCTBa B JIIII~e ionoro napa erne COXpaUHJIaCL. IIpHMeqaTeJILHo, OJJ;HaKO, "ITO CeJIeBK B AIHpHOM noronope 311 r. OLIJI nonnOCTLIO oOoHAeH. 001>HCIIHTL 8TO Momno, nO-BHJ(H~IO:MY, Tel-I, l.J:TO AUTllrOH He BhIKa3a~ erne rOTOBHOCTH DO Bcen cPopl\le OTRaaaTLCJI OT BaBHJIOHHl-l 1-1 OT oIrnynnpoBaHBbIX CeJIeBKOl\-I IIpHJIeralO~HX 06JIaCTeii. tITo OTO ocraerca e,n;lIIICTBeHHO BepHLIM 061>HCHenn:e:M:, nOHTBep»i~aCTCJI YI{aaalIHHMH «XpOIIHRH AHaAOXOB», noropaa noaecrsyer 0 CTO;IItHoBenHHX CCJIeBI\a C AIITliIrOlIOl{ yme nOCJIe 311 r. TaR, nanpaxep, AHTlilrony B 309/308 (?) r, y~aJIOCL npOHHI{HyTL B BaBIIJIOII. CTaJIO OLITL, OH rorna nee eme He OCT8BJIJIJI HaACmADl na 113rnaUB.e CeJICBKa, UCCMOTpH Ha TO 'IITO CBOR rJIaBHLle CRJILI B'bluyiRAen OI>IJI HCnOJII>80BaTb Ha aanajte.
1924
om:e
71
xpoxe Toro, ynouaaa-
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CH B
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JIenI(a Ii xecruoxy KyJIbTy. 3Tl{)I OO'LHCIUICTCH, IIOl.lel\IY ~lIaAox DOJlL30naJICH CTOJlL 60JlLmUMH CHMnaTHHMH cpena I(OpeHHOro HaCeJleHHH. C 308 r. CeJreBK nOCTaBHJI nepen C060H uonyro OOJILmylo 3aJ~a'tJ:Y,
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Ilepcnnoii, IIapqHfcii, Baxrpnek, Apanneli, IIaA CTpanOH ranypos, Cornaaao if, Apaxoaaek, I'npnarraeii 11 nan APyrHMII naponaxa BnJIOTL ~O I'IHJ~a. Hcno, 1.JTO rronunnenue CTOJIL o6mHpIILIx TCppUTOpHH 11 CTOJIL nnornx IIapOJ~OB AOJl)RUO 6LIJIO aaHlITL lIeCROJILKO JIeT. AepmaBa CeJIeBKa OXBaTliIBaJI3
TenepL BeCL KOMIIJICKC nOCTO'lIUbIX 06JIaCTei% IfMIIepUII AJIeKH CBOII~IH rI1:raUTCRHl\fH xacmratiana OCT8BllJIa AaJIenoaana rocynapcrna acex npyrnx naanoxon, Banoeaaaae BOCTO'tJ:I1LIX paiiOIIOB lI8WJIO nsrpaaeenae npCiRAC ncero B no-
cannpa }(O
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72
y~epmaTLCH BJj;eCL JIHmL IIpH nonnepame CeJIeBK8. "ITO I{~t: 6LIJIO COS}~aBO, MO}l(HO, nOmaJIyH, o608HallllTL
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nenymee IIOJIOmeUue, OAHaKO MHoro... apaansr TaRme 6hlJIll nplmJIe"leHDI K ynpaBJIeUHH rOCYAapCTBOM. Henocpencraeaasra
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crpanoa. DJIarOI~3pf[ TCppUTOplIaJILllLlr.1 npaotipereuamr nOCJIC 6UTBLI IIpH Hnce CCJICBl( BLI;O;BIInyJICH B pHA BeAY~l.fX nna)(OXOB, era l(epmana rrpOCTUpaJIaCL na Orp0l-IIIO)f npocrpaaerne OT rpamm H~fIIepJIH 1\1 aypson n I1n,n:n:H ;0;0 Tanpa, l{OTOpLI:H OTJle.rrHJI ee OT lI;epiRaUl>I Jlacaxaxa. Mnomecrao lIapO~OB
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BMeCTe C BOHCROM B MaKeAOHHIO. Ero no6Yji\A8JJa R aTOltfY Huo61,I l'OCKa no crapok ponnne. Onaaxo 9TO HC l\IOrJIO 6I,ITl.> e~ltIHCTBeIIHLIlI MOTHBOll; BeAL llOCJIe CMepTH Jlucauaxa He TOJILltO cDpaKlifI OCTaJIaCL 6ea npaBHTeJIH, HO 11 n 11aKeAOHHlI He 6DIJIO 60JILme napa, CeJICBK me xyncrnonaa coon: 3aI~OII
RLIM
Jlacaxaxa - nofiena npn !\YPYIICAHOIIe Ha aelfJIJil Jlacaxaxa B Enpone, 3THltl npaaox OH It XOTeJI TonepI, nocnO.1IF);JOIH1TLCH. Ho HMeUIIO Ha STOM nyTH n Enpony napa IIOCTJU'JIa xaracrpoqia, IIocJIe neperrpansr uepea !'eJIJlCCI10IlT BUJIH3H ropona JII{Cn~IaXuH CCJIeBI( HeOjI(UAaUHO rrornf OT PYKII cnooro «~PY ra 11 rOCTa» IIToJIe}leH Hepanna. Bpexn 9TOI'O 3JIOAeiicHoro y6:uiicTBa onpenenaior, COrJIaCHO A3TI.fpOBI<e I\JIHIIOIIIICnoro l'ICT01.JIIIiIKa, MemJ{y 26 anrycra H 25 cenrafipa 281 r., T. e. ceML MeC.Jr[~eB cnycra IIOCJIC 6UTBT>1 npn ItypyneAl1onc. Cnoexy CbIHY H naCJIe,n;HHI{y AUTHOXY I, I(OTOPOlfY on nepen B~cTynncnHeM B Enpony BPY~HH naMeCTHHQeCTBO na~ BceR nepenaeaaaarcxoa Hl\fnepHeii, CeJIeBIi OCTaBHH rHraUTCI\YIO TeppRTopnlO, npocrapannryioca OT reJIJICCIIORTa IIOlITH AO caMOH MUAIIH, 06JIaCTI), I{aIJ,,n;eU1IJIX nCTJ.. lITO-TO nopnoe, HO BB 0 ual
AOCTaBHJIa eMy aaI{OHHOe npano
OCNrOTpUTeJII~IIOCTLIO ~OBO].~I-'J[ AO 1\0111\3. BCIIO~fITH;\1 0 ero Cl\IeJfOl-1 BoaBpa~eIIHH B naBIIJIOUUIO B 312 r., a 'raK)Ke ero
84
rroxon B BepXHHe carpanaa 11.0 CaMLIX rpamm MBAHUt
IIpn-
nOMHHM, aanoaen, era xopomo 06AY~IaHBYIO crpareraio B nOHIIax npOTIIB AnTHrOHa If JIHcHM8x8. 11 eCJIH aTH npenIIplt.JITHJI e1\fY 6.TIccTH~e YAaBaJIIICL, TO oraecra aTO HaAo, HCCO?IHeHHO, Ha ClIeT era BDI}J;aIO~erOCJI CTpaTCrHTleCI(OrO AapOBaHHH, npeROCXOAHO npOHBUDIIIerOCJI B rr~aHHpOBaHHH H npOBeAeHHH onepanak. R 9TOMy nano A068BIITL HCI(YCHoe ofipamenae C JIIOAbMH, npuSUaBaBTIICeCH ne TOJILI(O era 6JIHmaillliBMH copaTIIHRaMH. . B J1Hn;e IIaTpoKJIa B
.l(e~loAaM8.fITa OH HMeJI TaJIaHTJIH-
BLIX nOMO~HHKOB, CAeJI8BnrUX Bee OT HHX 3aBJICHm:ee, '1To6bI onpannarr, era O)J(UA3IIlIH. Paaaux o6pasOM I1 OClIOBalIHe CeJIeBI\OlI rOp0,I{OB cBHAeTeJILCTByeT 0 BLICOI\OH CTerrCDH noBHMaHJ-IH H nperorcMoTpH~eJILHOCTH, a ere UJIanLI, uarrpasJIeHIIble na 06CJIeAOBaHue Hacnaacaoro MOpH, ero naxepenae COOpYAII1'L KaHaJI MemAY qepH:bIM H KaCllHHCI{HM MOpJlMH o6aapYiI\HBaIOT 2RHBOH aarepec K reorpacPH"IeCRHM H 9I(OIIOMH'leCI,}ll\{ npoearax, !{OTOpDIe, OAnaRO,. CMOrJIH 6ldTL BbIllOJIHeHhl JIIIIDL lIaCTH'lIlO. Ero APymeJII06noe OTHomeHHe K JIIO~HM: npOJIBJIRJIOCl> B npuHSTHII I{ eBoeMY' ABOpy paaaoro pona HsrBaHnUKOB, ]10 oTHomeHIIIO K KOTOpLIM OB ncerna BLII
85
If
ner HllKaRoro COlfIUCUHH, qTO HMonno ofipaa H npaxep AJICI\CaHApa nOCTOHHHO onpeAeJIHJIH I~eJIL H aanpanaeaae ero CTpel-IJrelIIIH. AHTHOX I (on npaBHJI C 281 ,no 261 r.) OLIJI era crapmUM CbIHOM; OH pO~HJICn, nepoarao, B 324 r. H ~OCTHr Boapacra npaxepno 63 HeT. 011 IIpOHCXOAHJI OT 6paRa CeJIeBKa C AuaMoit. J(pyrHe ACTH ArraMLI, n tIaCTHOCTH Ane AOqCP.u, ne UrpaJIH IIHKal\OH pOJIH n HCTOpHH. COrJIaCHO He nuymatoJI~ellY nonepnn lIoanny MaJIaJIe (VI B. H. a.), JJ;o1.Icpefl 8THX 3BaJIH Anaxa H Jlaonaxa, HO STO nee, lITO HaM H3BeCTHo HHX. 0 noxepa OT 6paKa CCJIeBKa I eo Crparoaaaoa, ,HJIC, ymc ynoMHHaJIOCL BLImc. He nHOJIHe AOCTOBcpno cymecrsonanue nnyx lTJIOlfJIIIUIII{On Ceaenna - Haxanopa H IIn.Konona: OBU 6Y~TO (iLl 6bIJIH p;eTLMH ceCTpLI CeJIeBKa ~H~HM.bI. 3p;eCb TaK}I(C ep;HHCTnenUbll\1 cnanerenex HBJIHeTCn CUpHCJ~ Hoaun MaJIaJIa. PaCCYOTpeHHC celleHULIX OTHomenHH CeJlOBxa nORaS:bIBaeT, l.ITO, aorna eMy IICpenaJIHJIO aa 60 JI(~T, OH 6LIJI 06ecnOHoeII rrp06JIel-fOif npo~OJI}l\OJlIiH }(HJlaCTHH. OH namea BLIXOJ);, ycrynaa cnOIO cynpyry Crparonaxy csnry H IIaCJIeAIIHKY Anraoxy.
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Cpena PYI\OIIJICHOrO naCJIe~}Jn HJ(06a BYPI(XapATa IIlle... eTCH O~Ha pyROITUCL us 19 Be6o~bnJHX HHCTOB, oaarnaB~eH BM «AeMeTpUH - rrOIiOpHTeJlI, rOpO~OB». PYI{OITHCL aaxo]J;HTCH Tencph B ApXHBe HI{OOa Bypxxapnra B Baaene, B aTOM artone 1, CJIyx,HBmeM, O'tJCBHAIlO, aaUIICLIO JleH~HHt alIa~[eHHTDIii nmciinapcank HCTOpHH HyJILTypLI IIOIILITaJICH uafipocars 6.Horpacl>uIO AeMOTpHH, upasex 0pHeHTHpOBa~CJI OH B 06~eM H ~eJIOM Ha jRH3HeOIrucauue ~Cl\{eTpHJI, COCTaBnennoe IIJIyTapxoM. Ol.J:eBH~IIO, o6paa aroro }Ial~eAOHJIHHBP. Hl-IeJI ;D;JIH nero OOJILmylo nplITHraTeJILIIYlO CHJIY, :H6o 06~Hii uoprper nOJIyllJlJICH BeCLMa IIpHBJIel\aTc:rLnLIM. BYPRxap~T
ne npene6per name nepenaxca HeI~oTopLIX, coxpaaemnax Ilnyrapxox aneR,D:OTOB, neCMOTpH Ha TO 'ITO HX ;O;OCTOBep'BOCTL BeCbMa COMIIJITeJII>IIa. Honeurro, 11JIYTapx OTHOCUJICII 1\ ~eMeTp}IIO l{pHTlllleCI{1'I, 011 IIHI{OIIAt: otipaaon He arnopapOBaJI renensre CTOpOIILI era xapaxrepa, HO B OOIr(eM B era OIIHcaUHH BLIAeJIHIOTCH pLI~apCHBc 'IepTbI JIJi'tlHOCTH AeMeT-
87
pHB, H OTTorO IIHI(OMY ne YA3eTCH H30e)It3TJ> B03Aeit:cT~IIJ1
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Ilayrapx
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~CMeTpHH npOHcxOAH~ R3 3uaTHOR MaReAonCROH ceMbH. OTI.\OM ObIJI AUTJlrOIl, I{OTOPO~lY HCTOllIIH AaJIa rrp08BIIme MOIIoq,TaJILl\1a (O~HOrJIa30ro), a ern l1RTh 3BaJIaCh CTpaTOnUI\8. OT JlX fipa-moro coroaa PO~HJlCH erne OAHH CLIlJ, no 1f~leHJr (J)HJIllnrr, ne ~omHBlnHii, O~Hal\O, no nOlITCUIIoro B03paCTa (on Yl\lep B 306 r.). I\81t nOCJIymIIbIH: CLIII, ~leTpHii B 321/320 r. ):(0 n. 3.- CTaJIO 6LITI>, B O"tlellL IOHOAf
Ero
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Oaa 6LIJI8 6LTJla 38MYmeM sa caMJ)IX BbIJ:(alOII(HXCH renepanoa AJIeKCaH~pa 3TOT IJOCJIe~HHii rroraf B 60pb6e rrpOTHB 3B:Me)I(eUHJICH Ha J(OlJepH AHTHnaTpa cDHJIe.
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na
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321 r, Y
AUTHroII
88
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sa 60JILmyro xecrs ~JIJI cefia, qTO me I(aCaeTCH Toro 06CTOJlTeJILCTBa, "ITO AeMeTpHH yme MHoro JIeT npoaean B aanonHOM 6paRe C HJIOH, TO 3TO naaoro ne cMyIItaJIO,- 110 I{paHHeii xepe B HCTOllUHI(8X 06 3TOlI naxero Be rOBopHTCH. BbITb MO'Ke'l', AeMeTpUH 1I0JI8raJI, "ITO na OCIIOBanHH HOBOro fipana 011 CMomeT B Hy»,ULlii l\IO~leIIT SaHBHT:b upeTCII31111 Ha RHpeuy (H. 3eiioepT). B He MeHbwen CTenCHH ObIJI o6yCJIOUJIelI nOJIHT1PleC](}fMll MOTHB81tfH H TpeTHH 6paI{ l~eMcTpllH, 3 aI(JIIOqeHHLIii: Ht.! c
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HaRO AeMeTpHH, AOJI)RUO 6LITL, paCII03B8JI 6YAyIIJ;ee anaseane roaoro Ilappa, H60 aaanauan ero CBOHM: 0«pUD;HaJILHhIM aaMeCTHTeJleM: B Fpennn, IIOCJIC Toro KaK OHTB8 npa Hrtce (301 r.) OKOHllHJIaCL J(JIH nero cOIipymlITeJILlILIM nopaaeeI1HCM. O-qeBHAHo, Ilapp AOJImen 6LIJI nOMOllL ~eMeTpHIO coxpaaars OOJIOMI\H pyxHyBmei HMnepUH. Ho 'tITO 6bI BB HMeJI B BU,n;y ~eMeTpHi npa SaKJIIO'tJeHHI-I aroro rpersero 6paua, eBBS:& AOMa AHTHrollHAoB C AOMOM 8aI\H11;OB I1pHUeCMaJIO c~aCTLH 06eHM CTopOHaM, n60 BCKope nocne Toro l\aR Ilnpp CA-IOr uepnyrsca HB Aaexcaanpaa B cnoii POAHOii
Ha
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a IIpOH30mJIO 9TO, aepoarno, B 297 r., AeHAaMHJI H B A8JI:&HeimeM rrpeamae POAHqH nsrcryrtanu
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aopony. 89
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I'opaano 60JIee maponae nepCrreHTHBLI OTI(pDlBa:I AOMeTpato qeTBepTMH 6paK. 011 COCTOHJICH, nepOHTHO, B 291 r, (ycraaouars rOJ( C aticomornoii 'J'OtIIJOCThIO neaoaxoseno) , cynpyroii Ha 8TOT pas CT8JIa JIaH8cc8, AO'lL capanyacxoro npaBHTeJIJI Ar8«poHJla. B npnnanoe OHa npUHOCJIa ~eMeT pHIO OCTpOBa R.OPI{BPY If Renl{UAY JiI, repone Toro, nOJlHTHlIeCKHH coroa c Ara«pol{JIOM. OTHbIHe 3UllaJl: - l1TaJIUH H CH~HJIH.R - BOmeJI B xpyr HIITepCCOB AeMeTpHH, 110 peanaaOBaTL 8TH nJIUIJLI T8I\. H no Yl~aJIOCL, nOCI{OJlhliY B 287 r. )~eMeTpHii 6L1JI aarnan 113 MaIieAOlIIIH II TaI{H}1 06paaOM JIUmUJlCH OCHOBIIOii cnoeii OllOpLI. H naxonen, cnenyer OCTaIIOBIITbCJI eute Ha OTHomeHHHX AeMeTpUJI C llTOJIeM8UAOii, AOtIepLIO rrTOJIe~:lCH I H 3BpHABKII. OHa 61>1Jla 06P)71ICIIU C M8I{eAOHHIIHII0?1 YjI(e B 298 r., HO 0ICJIe aroro cnona. «Ilpanna, 6pau}I a8l\JIIO'IaJIlfCh ,l..(eA-IeTpllelol C naaepeuaex 113BJIe'tlb B ~aIIHLIii MOMenT onpeACJIeHlILIe BI>IrO,t{M, 110 B OOI.D;el-l OH 110 npcCJIel~OB8J[ HOpLICTHLIX n;cJIei... TOJILI\O B cnynae C )IteI1HTL6oii JIa ACH1~a~uiH lIO}I,lIO 6LIJIO UhI rOBopHTI> 0 S8IIJIaHHpoBaIIHoH 6pallHoi IIOJIJITHl{O. 110 If ara )I\CIIHTL6a aa-aa lIarHaUHJI Ilappa H paanea CMOpTIf AeH,n;aMHH OCTaJIaCL 6C3peaYJILTaTHoH» (H. 3eii6epT). K 9TOH O~eHI(e HaAO Ao6aBIITn aams nesmoroe: B 6paQlILIX C0103ax AeAIOTp1'IH OIIHTL-TaKH OTpaiKaeTCH ero HeCTOHliUH 11 ue,n;OCTaTOlIHO ~eJIeYCTpCll JIeHIILIB: xapanrep, Iloxoare, tITO ACMcTpnfI ne o6IIapyjI,UJI CI{OJILUO-IIH6YAL rayGolioii upunH3alInOCT11 RH I{ o,t{Hoii H3 CBOHX H\eH, no STO HCJIL3JI CTanHTb CMy B BURY, TaR KaI\ SaUJIIO'tlCIIHC 6pallULIX COI030B OCIIOBLInaJIOCL Tor~a no 60JILmeft 1I8CTH na nOJIHTHlleCI\HX paCtIOT3X, a J( nopaoxy 6paI{y, c HJIOH, emo ouenr, JOIIOl'O )(Cl\IC1'PIIH HUllO upJIHYAHJI era oren AHTHrOlI. AeMCTpllii DLlpOC n I\n.'rcu3x n Be.TJHl\oii cDpHrlllI. I'opon 6LIJI CTOJlIIl:~eiI carpanrrn oro OTI\3. 3TOT nOCJIeJ~I1Hii OqeHL
90
pano O.u;OIIHJI xapaxrep cnoero csma, !{Ol'0PbIH 61i1JI 6JIeCTHme onapea, ocofiemro n 06JIaCTK TCXIIHHI{ soeaaoro ACJIa,
06Ha~an crroco6uOCTLIO 6MCTporo DocrrpHHTuH 11 HCXyCCTBOM 1\ ce6e JIIo60Bb onpyzsaromax. To, "ITO npyrae ~oJIm I1LI 6bIJIH Ao6LIBaTL C TPY~O:M I-I 60JILlliHMH YCHJIHJlMH, AOCTa-
nuynrarr,
naJIOCL )l:eMeTpuIO B H3BCCTHOH CTerrOIIH caxo co60ii. He 6LIJIO 1I03TOMY lIU":IOrO y~HBHTeJILHOrO n TO).I, xro B ~yme MOJIO~Oro qeJIOBeXa pOP;UJIOCL lIyBCTBO coficrnennoro npesocxoncraa nan ~pyrJlMH, 11 8THM OO'.bHCIIHeTcH ero 6e33a6oTHocTL B BoeUULIX H nOJIHTHqeCl\HX nenax. Ho ~aiRe JlOCJIe Ts:mRHX uopamenaa, HaR STO 6LIJIO nOCJIe 6HTBLI npn rase (B 312 r.) I'IJIH nOCJIe 611TBLI npn Hnce (301 r.), ,AeMeTpuH ncerna 6LIJI B COCTOJlHHH caona 6LICTpO nocnpnayrr, ~YXOM - OH 6LIJI THIIU'qHbIM canrBHHHI{OM; yrncronnoe COCTORHHC y,n;epjRHBaJIOeL y nero IIel1UJ1.0JIrO, era npeHl\IYII(eCTBCnnLIl\f nacrpoeIIIIOM: 6LI;ra aii<}>OPHS:, qaCTO crracanmaa ero B rpynasre ~IH IIyTLI ~(HaHH. Ha i1(}I3HOHHOM IlyTH AeMeTpuH rrecrpofi ~epeAoi nepc)IOiR8JIHCh ycnexa ],1 Hcy,n;a1J:H, H ocofienao npU:\Ie"laTeJI:bHLlM 6LIJIO TO, C RaRoH JIerKOCTLIO OH rrepeHOCHJI 3TH iI\H3HOHHbIe nepeuensr. ~O I{OHn;a CBOHX ~HeH OH OCTaBa.rrCH ncerna OA]1.81-[ 11 TeM me, ne BHelfJIIO~HM HJ11'tJT>JIll COBeTa1\l; Aame y~a psr CY~L6LI ne nayxana era HH IIpe~YCMOTpHTCJlr,IIOCTB', HII 6J1aropa3YMHIO. DTO BepHO npeaote ncoro ~~JJH nroporo nepaona 01'0 nOJIHTUlJOCROH KapLepLI- C 301 ~O 283' r. Concex HHalfe CJlOiRHJlHCL rOALI AO 6HTB:bI npa Hnce. TOfAa OH neeIJ;eJIO HaXO~~JIJlCJI nOA BJIHnnUeM cnoero OT~a Aararona, llLH pyKOBO,IlJID.'(3H pyna HBCTBeIIHO o~Y.D:(aJIaC:L BO ncex, 'ITO c~eJIaJI IIJIH 'KO yrrycTHJI AeMeTpHH. Bee DTO H3MeHHJIOCL IIOCJIO 611TBbI npa Hrrce. IIOJIIITHlJ:eCKOe pa3BHTHe B nOCJIe)l;YJO~He 20 JIeT He paa nporenano norrpena IIJIaHaM ):(eMeTpHH (eCJIH, nonesao, Boo6m:e MOjRJIO rOBOpHTI> 0 cymecrBOBaUHH y Hero RaI{HX-TO HaCTOJl~IIX nJIaHOB). K 3TOMy speMenu 60JIbmHe 9JIJIHllUCTHlIeCI{lIO ·TeppllTOpHaJIbnLIe nepseaBM, OCHOBaUHLIe JIHcHMaXOM:, CeJIeBI(OM H ITTOJIe?tleeM I, yme ,l{OCTaTO":lHO UOIICOJIH,T.(HpOBaJIHCb, Tal( ":ITO ,l(e).leTpHIO He OC.T8B8JIOCL 60JIce HHI{aI{OrO IIOAxoJ.VI~ero nOJIH J:(eS:TeJILBOCTH,--.- cHTya~HH, KOTOpym ncerna Heo6xoAHMO npHHHM&TL BO BHH~faHHe npa O~eHI{e ncero, 1JTO ocym;eCTBJIHJI IIJIH ocTaBJIHJI Heocy~eCTBJIeHHLIM )1eMeTpHH eo apeuea Hnca, MBp H3M:eHHJICH, npeTeH3HH Anrarona Ha enaaoneparaaae 6:&IJIB OKOlAaTeJILHO norpefieasr na none 6UTBLI y Hrrca. K TOMy me AeMeTpUH Be nOJIL30BanCH y
APyrux
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JIHmL 75 CJlOUOB AIITHrona. B ~peBHOCTH CJIOHbI AOJIiRBLl 6LIJIII BLIIIOJlIIHTL POJlb COBpe:\leUULIX TaHROB, 1I AeHcTBHTeJILHO, OIlII ).~080JIhI:IO l.IUCTO OI~aaLIHaJIII onpenenmomoe BJIHHHHO Ha IlCXOf( OOH. 110 I\OJ]]{qeCTBY ROIIlI}Il~bI o6e ap~rHH 6LIJIH npuxepuo paBIIbI: Y COI03HIII{OB 6LIJIO 10,5 TLrc. scanIIHKOB, y Aararona - 10 TLIC. tIro mc I(aCaeTCH IIeXOTLI, TO 3AOCL AIITIIrOH JJ:ajIie OOJIaAaJI QIIc:reIIlIhll-1 IlpenOCXOACTBall: ero 70 TLIC. neXOTH~eB npOTHBOCTon;IO JIHIDL 64 TblC. Y era rrpoTHBHHKOB. I'nasrryro BHUy aa npoarpsnn 6UTBDI aUTHQULIe HCTOqHHl(lI BOSJIaraIOT Ha ~eMeTpHn: IlpeCJIe~YH pas6HTYIO KM nenpaaTeJILCKyIO I(OBHH~y, OH CJIHillI{OM YJ(aJIHJlCn OT IIOJIH 60H, TaI( l.ITO ne xor Y}KC UOJICC yxacraosarr, B penraromea CXBaTI{e. ElITBa aanonsanact, J(.JIH BOCJ.>~lJ1;(CCHTHJIeTnero AHTHrOIIa I[OJIRLIM pa3rpO!\10M, a call on IIaJI CMCpTLIO xpafipsrx Ha 1I0JIe opaun. Cpaaeeano npu lIuce ULIJIO O,I\HHlf Ha rex, xoropsre onpel(eJIHJIH AaJILHoHllIyIO CYJ~LOY npeunero xmpa. PaCCLIUaJIaCL B upax MeqTa O~HIIOii H~llIepn:}I, I{OTOpyIO nsmanraaana AnTllron H AelIOTpUH; AOl{a3UJIK cnoe npeBocxOACTBO CHJILI nap" THI(yJIHpH31IH, namonurae nonnomeaae B JIUCH}I&Xe 1I Ce.. JICBKe, 6Y~YIJ~ee OTIlLIIIC AOJIjIiIILI OLIJIH onpenenars JIUmL I(O:MIlaI(TIlbIe TeppUTOplfaJILIILle rOCYAapCTna. qTO ~for npenUPHHH'fL AC:M:eTpJlii? E:\fY OI)J.i[O 36 RJIH, canoe 60JILmeO, 37 aer, OH 6LIJI nOJIOH llJIUnOB, liOTOpLIC OLIJIH C:aCAORLI na HeT Hey~aqIIhIlf lICXO,nOlI cpaatenan. Ry,n;a OllY 6LIJIO noJlaTLCH? B MaJIoy A3HlI eMy nexero OLIJIO OOJILme ~eJIaTL, H60 ORa IIOUaJIa B !{aqeCTBe BOOHIlOH AOOJ>I1JH BO BJIaAeHlIG q,paI(UHCnOro uapa JI}ICH~laxa. OCT8JILIILIC carparraa AHTHroaa AOCTaJIIICb CeJIeBI{Y, B03BLICHBIllel1:YCH: 'i'altRM 06pa30M ,I{O nonoateuna nepasannorc BJIa).'(LIl\H B IIepeAHCH ASHH. IOmIIyro CllpHIO (l\eJleCHpHIO) 3aHHJI Ilroaenea I, He HCIlLITLIBaBmUH BII ~laJleiimero jKOJIaHHH B03BpaTHTL ee 06parno, nOCMOTpn na TO lITO aapyman TeM"ca?lLIM aarononenusre COI03HHI{alIH COrJlamCHHH. Ho Jj;onYCTIITI>, '(ITO Ae:M:eTpm C:MlIpHJICH C 3TIIAI nonozaenaex, 03UU 11a~Io UI,I HBIIyIO He,I(OO~eHl\Y oro }I\II8IIOIIJIOH 3IICprUJ!I. IIpaBAa, B IIOCJIOAYIOID;He rOAM 011 OCTanaJICH uca Ci,OJJI)I{O-HH6Y~L 3HaqHTCJILUOrO cyxonyraoro oa3Hca - JI B 3 TO:M: 3aUJIIOqaJlOCL npHH~HnH aJIbUOe OTJllrQH:e ero nOJIOmeIIHJI OT nonoraennn OCTaJII>IILIX ~HaAoxOB, - O~HaI{O OOCTOHTeJILCTBO :lTO cnopee yCHJIHJIO, IIemeJIH yMeHLIDHJIO aI{THBIIOCTL AeMeTpHH. To, "IITO eMY y~aJlOCL cnacra npa xpymeaaa OTUOBCI(OH )l;epmaB:LI, orpa-
°
f03
HD1.JHB8JIOCL B OCBOBHOM OCTpOBaMH 3rell,l{Li, BamUL1:M: BO BCeX OTUOmOBJlJIX IUInpoM, aaTeM Ha MaJI08sJIicI(OM no6epe'RLe 38 HJI~I OCTaJIlICb rrOMHMO ~pyrHX roponos MB'JIeT H
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BJIHHTeJlbllIile MeTponOJIBH
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If CIfAOU.
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Ha Mope,
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HOO JIHIITh TOT, RTO rocnOACTBOBaJl nan 9THMJ:I ]:tByMH nyUI{TaMH, c nOJInLlM npasox Mor paCCMaTpHBaThC.JI KaI{ XOSHHll
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B 6LIDDtYID ~epes upaft pa~oCTL nonana Ranng )l:eMeTpHii OXOTIlO n01(QHHHJI OLl rerreps CBoeH BJIaCTH TaI{me H Cnapry, no 3Ta IIOIlLITua nOJIUOCTLIO nponaJIHJIaCL - cnapraama Aaa{e HaIIeCJIH orcrynaiomeay BOHCI{Y AeMeTpHH SHallHTeJILHLIO norepa (295 r.}; I{ ~Toii AooaBIIJlIICL II npyrae ney,n:aqll. R:unpe rOCIIoAcTBy ~eltleTpHJI nOJI01KWlO KOHe~ aropmeaae IIToJIeMes a Ha BanaJJ;HOH OJiOHellHOCTII AU8TOJIHH BJIa~eBHH ,IJ:eMeTpuH nepemna non BJI8CTL JIlIclIMaxa, npu'tJ:eM ocotieaao OOJIeSUeUHOH OLIJIa IIOrepa MHJIeTa, IIOCKOJILKy 3TOT ropon 6LIJI Ba'liHliIM roproBLIM: ~eHTpOM. Teneps OH AOJIme~ OLIJI nOAlIlIHHTLCS: cPpaKHHCROMY napio JIHclIMaxy.
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neCIIOCOOIIOCTT, I( yrrpannemno CLIHOBeH Haccarmpa H na JlcTpe6JIelIIJe 3THlI IIOCJle,I(IIII!\f CCl\lf)II AJIOI{CaU,D;pa BOJIHROrO, J(Cl\leTpIIH Oy,n;TO OnI cyxen aanoenarr, pacnonoaeenae noliCI,a ronoro napa, Bokcxonoe cofipanne nponOarJIaCHJIO cro
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a npeacro ncero
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era SflJ\JIHTLlj,i npar Haccarmp, ,ne:McTpHH 6LIJI TIIImQULIM aJIJIBIIJ:[CT}JqeCl\~I~1 n.:UlC'fHTCJIe:r.f. Pucnonara.r ';IJI OIl napcxoa BJIaCTT)IO n MuHC)\OIlHII, Tpoumr 11'.1111 n Aaf[I-I - ::lTO 6LIJIO exy, no CYll~CCTBY, OC3pa3JIlflIIIO. l(JIH noro najJ(IILI OLI.IT}I no' JIIO~II, a eAHHCTBeIIIIO H HCRJIIO'qHTeJlLHO BJI8CTIJ, I{OJIIIQeCT-
106
BO 11 OOeBaa MOII(L BOHCXa H
pacser n Boiinax AHaAOXOB • .I\aK BJIaCTHTeJIb U01.lLmOrO TeppHTOpUaJILIIOrO rocynap-
mJIH B
CTBa, 011 nYiR~aJJCH B HOBOH C'fOJIH.n;e. ana AOJI1I,Ha 6LIJI8 OLITL pacnoxoaeena TaR, 'lITOOLI H3 Bee 011 l-lOr 6e3 TpYAa ~OCTHraTL cnOHX !'JIaBnLIX nJI8;o;ellHH 11 OCYD:(eCTBJIHTI> roeIIOACTBO RaA nUMH. all uamen TaI{Oe MeCTO Ha oepery IIaraceacnoro SaJIUBa B ecCaJIHH. 3AeCL 6LIJI OCHOBaII ropon ,qeMeTpHa,l(a, npej(cTaBJIHBillHH co6oii CHJILHyIO !(peIIOCTL, OI{py'RenuylO CTenaMH H yKpenJIeHIIYIO MHOrO"lHCJIeHlIMMH 6amUHMH. BeAL ocannoe HCI{yCCTBO - He B IIOCJIeAITIOIO oxepens OJIarOAapH caMoMy AeMeTpHIO - cnenano B BJIJIURHCTHxecaoe npexa CYIr(eCTBOHHLIe ycnexa, C I-101'0P:blMH uenpeMeHno AOJIn{Ua 6LIJIa CqBT8TLCH TeXHHRa BOSBeAeuUH ropoAOB. KCTaTH, JJ:el\IeTpUaAa 06HapYiI\eHa COBpeMenuLlMU apxeOJIOrUqeCIWMH paCKOIIKaMH. rOpOA paCnOJIar8JI OOJlLmOH rasaasro, ,r~OCTYII K noropoa npOXOAHJI xepea JIerI{O nepeI{pLIBaBmHHcn IIaraCOHCI{HH SaJIHB. JJ:eMeTpHaAa 6L1CTpO paC~BeJI8; oaa 6LIJIa nacenena BLIxo;o.:u;aMH H3 caMLIX paaJIH.'lIHLIX 06JIaCTefI r 0 qeM. CBIIAeTCJIbCTBYIOT aaHAoHHbIC uanrpOOHLIo CrOJI}'I. B .n:eA-IeTpH8~O HaXOAHJIHCb apCeUaJILI H C!{JIajJ;LI BCeB03l\IO)1\lILIX aanacos, a rarone nep«pH II IIOMe~c HHH AJIH RopaoJIei. TeM ne MOReo C01IHHTeJILHO, 1.1To6bI l\lor': JIB 6bITL ocymecrnaensr nee CTpOJITeJIbUDIe IIJlaULI, nOCI{OJIbKy BpeMH rocnoncrna J(CMCTpHH B cI>ecCaJlHH O"bI;IO BecLM"a HeIIpo~o:r)KIITO;rLHbIM. JJ.apL naaepea O.bIJI H3 Ae~IOTpHaAb1 ~epjI{aTL non CBOJJAI !{OHTpOJIeM 3eMJ~H, paCIIOJIO)nOnUbIe I\aK na cenepe, Tal, H IIa lore, H AJIH ~)'rOH I(eJIH BLI6pannoe BM uecro H B caxox ACJIe IIoAxoJJ;l'IJlO !{al{ neJIL3R JlY'lIillO.
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tOO
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xonna. OAUaI{O ueOTHHIJ;LI ne AaBaJIH e1.IY nOI{OH, 11 llOCJIe oseropon HBLI npUmJIOCL nonseprnyrr, ocane no acex Up8BIIJIaM. 3allH~HI\OB BOSMYII(eHHLIH naps BeJIeJI l{a3HHTL. T8]{8S )KeCTOI(OC1 6LIJIa COBepmeHHO qymAa ero narype, OGLIlIIJO OU ncerna npOHBJlHJI MHJIOCep~HC I( CBOBM aparax, Bo BpeAIH ocansr 6YATO 6bI BOSHHI{ CIIOp Me)KAY AeMeTpHeAf Hero C:bIIIOM AHTHronOM rOuaTOM: CIJIII ynpexuyJI orna B TOM, 'tJTO T01' lie ~a,l1BJI SH8JIII COJI~aTt na "ITO AeMeTpUH SaMCTHJI, 'tlTO T81{lIM otipaaou HSUaBJIHIOTCa OT JIHmUHX eAO]{OB. l~HnHsM, onaaao, no ULIJI xapanrepaoa lIepTOB: ,I(elIoTpHH, TaJ{ qTO 3TOT alICl\~OT cnenyer paccaarpa-
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AraclloI(JIa? AeMeTpllB: llOCJIaJI
108
CHO, IiOTOPLI}1 UOl\laUAOnaJI crparer Ilanranx, npIPIOAI n nnea 1\ IIuppy nOlIa~IO ne lleHee 5 TLIC. 'lCJIOBeI{ (289 r.), Bcxope, oJ~lIaI{O, pacnpax 113-38 M8He}l;OHHH npamen liOHeI(. ~eMeTpIIH ULIJI IIpHHonaII 60JIC3HLIO It lIOCTeJIH, xorna c nOCTOKa 11 38uaJ..\U B M8I,e~OIIllIO BTOprJIHCJ.J naps HJIa He aaXOTeJIa nepemHTL nopazseaae caoero }IY'Ka I1eCMOTpa Ha TO, lITO TOT Tal{ qaCTO ee 06~18IILIBaJI; ona peruana yHTH aa mH3UII, npHIIHB HJ(. MaKep;OUIIH ODIJIa norepaaa, HO y ~CMeTpHH OCTaBaJIIICL erne HeCROJILI(O rpexecnax roponoa, BamHeHmH~1 Ha HHX ULIJI KOpHH C era C'tIHTaBmHllCH nonpacrynmax l{peMJIe:r.1
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nnaneuuu )lal,eAOUlIlI,
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Ae1vleTpHJI nco ACMeTpHif cxor' cnacra
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erne 6WI rpoanoa noennoji
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paarpoaa n MUl{CAOIIlIU munr, 10 TbIC. COJIJ~aT, OlIH ULIJIn renepr, IIa liOpaO,JIHX uepenpannensr n l\'IUJIYIO AaJ.110. Ho 11
OT
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IlJIaII IlpOpnIBU B APl\fCIII-IIO H;JH D MI'!~I1IO. Ero noiicxo I13-3U uenoronsi nenpepsnmo TanJIO; C OCTaTI-:UMII uonuon,
rOJIOAa H
erne coxpanasumx e~IY BepnOCTL, ].l.ClICTpHii YCTPC~IHJICH B KIIJIIlRIIIO, B Tape, npnnanneasauuurii ACp'J,Unc ern npexore-
ro
BRTH CCJIOBI-\a. :JTO~lY I10CJIOj~nC~'lY ;~e~leTpIJii: IIUnpaBl:IJI
reneps 1I1ICLl\I0 C npocsfiok OIiaaUTL ClIY IIOJJ;ACPi-Kl\Y B TPYAH01t1 1IOJIOiHeHIflf. CeJleBI( OXOTIIO HCIIOJIITUJI GbI ero )l{eJIanue, 110 flaTpOI\JI, 01~I1H Ha era llClJIJLIX COBeTHllliOB, IlaCTOH\IllBO npenynpcacran uapa lie lle:'[(lTb :3TOro: 6bIJIO 61>1 ouenr. nopa-
rOBOpHJI OH, npC~OCT8BHTL J(eMeTpHIO B RHJIIII\HH lIOJlHYIO cnoGo,ny l\eiicTBllif . . .}{or~a CCJICBI~ nOHUll:ICH c BoiicI\a~IH B I\llJIIIliHH, l~CMeT
ay)fIIO,
pHi OTBaiIillJICH Ha nOC:leAIIHH oT1laHIIHLlii 60ft, HO lIPOIIMY~eCTBO, icoroporo 011 cxor 3AeCL Jl;OOI1TLCH, ncuope CIIOBa 6I>IJIO yrpaueno, Cxopee BLIHya'AeuIIo, lIC~( 110 Ao6pOH BOJIC, npennpaasn OH noxon D OO;laCTL I\Hppa, HO 3AeCh C IIH?f BCI{Ope 6LIJIO nouonuono, IIOCKOJILl\Y CeJICBI~Y yp;aJIOCb nepe?t£aHHTL na CHOIO cropony OCT3TI~1I ero COJIj~aT. JIUIIIL c lICCI"OJILl~lIllIl cnYTUHI\a1.'IU JJ:C~leTpH.H 6e)I\aJI B ropsi AMaHa 11 yHpLI:ICH n JICCY. OTCIOAa Oll paCClIHTLIBaJl no", nOI\pOBO:f.I noua AOCTUtIb 1106opeiI\bH, l{TOOLl aarex na nopatiae Ao6paTLCH ]:(0 I\3BHa B KapIIH. OAllaKO ,I(eMeTpI-IU ne cxor I1PCO;~OJIeTL ropHLIX nepeB8JIOB, nOCI{OJILI(Y Te OXpaIIJI~IICL Uenp.HHTOJIeM. On ).\OJI'J\OII 61>13 lIO:lTOMY caona aepayrr-cn 1\ cnoeny }lCXOAIIO~f~ JlY.iU\TY. OC1'a~,aJIOCL JIUmL O,D;HO - C](HTbCH Ha l\II1JIOCTL C,OJICUI\U, 1~OTOp1)lH 6LlJI 3TH~{ 'tlpe3BLI\IaHllO oGpa;~onan 11 lIpllrOTOIUt:I ;~C:\:leTplfl() neCI>}la noxerasnl 1Ipne .M. 1J0 CCJJC Bl{ lIC UI,I.;I XO;JJJIIHOM CBOHX pe-
110
meUHH, OH n03BOJIHJI CCOH riepey6Cl(HTI> H SaUJiI01.IHJI ]:(eMeTpH.R non crpaary, IIOCJICAIIHH Ohl:l OTBC30n B CHpHiicKHH Xepconeo (Anaxea), rne era cO~CpmaJIII I,al( noneraoro ITJIeHHHI{3. B era pacnopmnenna naXOAHJIOCL neuano CJIyr, noaaOOTHJIHC-L A3mo 0 pa3BJIeQenHHX. Bce j{(O ,T(elleTpuif 'tIyBcTBon8;r ce6H lIeC'tJaCTIIl>IM:, 1f6o 011 6LlJI nmnen CBo6o]J;DI, If ea neB03~{O'R1IO OIJIJIO' B03~leCTHTI) rex, '[ITO cro ~PY3LJIM rr03BOJIeIIO 6IJIJIO COCTanHTL C~fY I~O"Jn3IIHIO. COrJIaCHO npenanaro, CeJIeBl" HOTOp:&Iii no Ol>IJI era JIH"IIIDIM nparox, CTapaJICH OUJIer'tJHTL JJ;PYiJ(OCI\Jll\fH JIOC-JIarrHHMH ysacrr, JIJIennUI{a, lIO ACMe'l'plIii ~aBHO rrOXopOUUJI nee CBOR IIa)l;Om,nIJI. On I1CpeA8JI CBOO~JY CJ)IUY Anrxrotry fOII8TY 11 cnOHM oq)l·n~el)al\1 B Tpcnan TlOC;I3Unc, l.ITOOJ')I OIII'! C'tIHTaJIH era rrOI~OHIrJiII\Ol\-1 I1 no BCPllJIJI JIII HnCJ.J:\lU:\I, ]111 nClJaTIJ, 1-\0:" TOpLIO ~lorYT 6l>ITL IIpeJ~rbHBJIeHbI OT era JI~feItH. Anrnron nemmonymnc nponnaraa Cc6H CCJICBI,y n nanecrne a8JIO)I{IIUI~a pana ocsotioamenaa OT~a, 11 IIcpCAaIOT, 1JTO .6YATO 6LI 1'1 npyrne BJIaCTHTOJIH npHcoe~HIlJ.IJIHCb }( era npocsfie, aa HCI\;rlO1.ICllltC~[ JIIICHl\faXa, ne nenanmero H reneps TaHHLI Ha CDoeR HonaBHCTJI I{ l!:el\ICTpHIO. JIHcHMax - CCJIlI TOJI:bI(O JTO BOpUO 6YATO OhI .A8iHe Hpe)l;JIUraJI CeJIeBI\Y ]J;CH:brJl aa TO, '1JTOO:&I OH n:a6aBlIJI '[ICJIOBelJOCTBO OT )J:eMCTp11H. PaCCI(aS:&IBaIOT, 'qTO J~CMCTPlIi:i: lIOlIU'tIaJIY C AOCTOHHCTBOM rrepCIIOCHJI CBOir IIJICn, aanasrancr, OXOTOH H ICJIC }l\U3HH. OUII aaOOT.RTCH JIHmL 0 nac.rr8j1(ACHHf.JX H YAonOJlLCTBHJIX n:\ICCTO Toro, 'tJTo6l>I paners 06 IICTHHHLIX ]~eIIHOCT.JIX iI{H3TIll, HOTOpsre a3nJII01JaIOTCH: B )l;06pO~CTeJIII 11 B CTp(}M;!'IeUHH H nperepacnoxy. Talt 1JHTne~1 ~fLI y Ilayrapxa [J(C?ICTplilH, 52, 3]. M nOllJITnO, 1JTO ,nC~·IcTpnii nBJIneTCH ~JUI Ilnyrapxa yoc;~n ,.c.rr'>IILI~1 npaxoposr, nOaBOJIHIO~lf~i' esry j\C:\[OIICTp:upOBaTI) upeIIHocTIJ
JlIOOOH ac:r.llloif CJIaB~r
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t11
PHH MOl' UbI 01\aaaTJ) OOJlbmYIO yCJJ.yry nOToMcTBy, eCJIH 6bl ynorpefian npemr cnooro nJIeHCHHH rra eOCTaBJIeHlIe COllHIICIIHlI CBOCH mH3HII. Ho K 3TOMy Y nero, nO-BHAHMOMY, HC 6LIJIO HII )ReJIaBHH, HII CI(JIOHHOCTH. Brrposex, COOTBeTCTBYIO~I'IC rJIaBI>I Ilayrapxa CBHAeTeJII>CTnyIoT 0 1'OA1, '11'0 B OCHOBO HX JIe)KHT paccnaa cxenanna. BI)TJf JIIl STO I'aeporrax 118
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11 'RlI3nb ~UPH, OJ>IJIH 1'81()I(e nepoxoero Cl\fCpTJI. ARTHrOII I'orrar nCTpOTIIJI I\opa6JIIJ, JiOTOpLIH nea }IU POJJ;HIIY GpenIILIC OCTanI\II era OT~a, TOPmeCTBCIIIILI1\1 MOPCI\Hl\1 rrapanou. IIpax naXOAHJICH B aOJIOT011 yprre, noxemonnoa rra caMI>lH OOJII,mOH BOOllIILIH I(opa6JII>.
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conponoaenart, rpaypnyro nponeccaro. Horna
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noro acxopra Doopy)I(eUHLIX MOJIO,D;LIX JIIOJJ;oii. BlIpTYOBHLI:H tIlJIeiTlICT KceHocPaHT conponoautaa YAapLI necea urpOH Ha CBoeM aacrpyxenre. AUTHron nLI3BaJI ]( cefio sceodmee CoqyBcTBHe, xorna OH, cropOJJ.elIHDJH OT ropa JI D cneaax, noJIBHJICH Ha JIIOAHX. OCTaUl\H ,l(C~{CTPHS 6LIJIH B ROIIn;e non-
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THroua 110 rrp03nH~Y rOuaT 11 AO~D CTpaTOTIHRY; Jl:Ba ~py rax CLIIIa nOCIIJT1I HMJI OT~a - J(eMeTpHH, O~HII - 110 rrpoa-
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CORa, l\OTOpLIH C 230/229 (?) If no 222/221 r. rrpaBIIJI B MaI(e~OnHI-I, enauana nan. perenr, a 3aTeM Halt naps,
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( CM.
nsmro, c. 93). BJ)J:ro rrpnrmro peIITOHHe, lIT06l>I B oynYIn(Hf nCTyrr8TL n OTJIOJIlOJIHH C 3THl\fll BJH1CTJfTCJJHYH TOJJJ,l~O TJepC3 q,eopoB, T. c. pC.lIl-frH03IILIC rrOCO.TILCTBa, OOLIlJnO rranparcranlrIHOCH JTn npnannecrna B 'ICeTJ) ooroR,- TI01IeCTL, J\OTOPYIO Tfl1\}J\C CJIC;(yCT npI-JaUnTT) nCOLInaJIoii. IlPCJlJIO}J\CIIJfC of) nTO~f nnec CTpUT01\.Tf, nucryrranmnf J[ n llPyrnx C.IfYlJ8nX n U8 tICcrue npnrmopnoro ,11 r.crona J(Ol\-leTpl1lI.
B
Hpnirnoro cnooro nponnnonun uyJrhT ~e:\feTpHH ~OCTI1r ornrmr JT:l rmrnon, co.ntnuuoxr n oro lJCCTI, n A<}lHIHlX. On nnnncarr oeOOhT~'1
l\OPOTI\H:M CTHXOl\f, naasmammorcrr STOT rrnnt noofinte HBJIHOTCn noY'q]ITeJIbJTJ)I~I cnlfl(CT~JJT)CTHO:\1 paao-raponamra JlJo~ei1: B CT3-
6:LIJI
y rpercon HTJuIuIJJ.:r JltfPC1'U:\l.
ft4
poi nepe: OJIHMlIUHCKHe GorH, rosoparcn n ncn, CJIHml{O~l p;aJIeI\H; onn ne nIIe~IJllOT npOChU8AI JIlo,!J.cii (CTUJIO ObIT!>, lie IIUJIlIlOTCH UOJleC «ooraMJ:l BHel\iJIIOll\IlAIll}», a ;~e:\1el'pu:ii: npacyrcrayer 3AeCh, cpenu JlIOAeii; Oll ne 113 rtepoaa l1JIH 113 naxua, a CYll.\eCTSYCT nu caxou ACJle. 3uTeAI CJle~yeT MOJILIia, ofipameuaan I{ «llOBOHBJleIIHoMy Gory», trrOOhl Oll cuepr eo CKaJILI OTOJIHHCKOro c4>Hlll-:ca. 3TOT naau ~ lI11JIHeTCH BIIeqaTJIHIOI.I.lHltl lloATBep}K~eHHeM IIOl.fHT UIIllH, nsucaaauuoro aq>HIIHllaMH 3cMIIOMy BJIaCT.H.TeJIIO AellOTp.l1IO. Bee 6apLephI ~{eil(AY qeJIOBelleCI{OH H UO'I\CCTBCllllOii c4>epaMH 6LIJlH TaRHM ofipaaox YllH"ITOmeHbI. I-Iel1aueiKuLlM pcayJILTaTOM HBHJIOCb TO, "ITO 9TH xpeaaepusre nOl.fCCT.H OCTaBHJIH B xapanropo ACMCTpUH I'JIyoOI{He, lICHarJIU~-"I~lbIe CJIeAbl. 1111eIOTCH 11pHMLIe CBHAeTeJlhCTBU rouy, lITO t~C}IC'l'p:uii BOCllpHHHMaJI CCUII I{ali BJlaCTeJIHlla ucero l-lHpU. COrJIUCllO Hnyrapxy, ua era nJIa~e - xaaaaae - OLI.!IH Jj.bITI{anLI 3CMJIS: H ne6eCHLIe TeJIa, na H nCTOpI1I{ ~\ypH~ CUlI0CCliHH, npOHBJIHBIlIHH ocooeHIILIH anrepec I{ ::>THM CIOiI,CTalt!, paccnaasrsaer, "'iTO ~eMeTpRii neaea aaofipuaurs Ha CBOCH 0Ae}!{J);o aeunoa map H 3BeaALI. Ao AelleTpHH runrro He OC~eJIH na;ICH Ha nonotiaoe, Aame AJIeKCaHAIJ BeJIHliHH, 0AHaI{O AeMeTpHH 6LIJI TleJIOBeHOM, I\OTOpLIH CBOIlM ancneurpaunsra If TeaTpaJIlI30B.anHhIM KOCTIOltlOM XOTeJI IlpHBJIeKUTL nOBCIOAY BIIHMaHHe H TeM: CaMLIM: npaxoaarr, BBOpLI ~1O~cii !{ cnoea uepcoae. Bonpyr cHoeH mHpOI{OIIOJI0H WJl.UllLI· 011 OOhIQ1IO IIOCWI j.\BOHHYIO ,n;l1a~eMY; KpOMe Toro, 011 06JIa1I a JICJI B nypIlypUYIO o;~cmAY H OTOpOqellHLIe 30JIOTOM: nypnypao-xpacarae aunraua, 30JIOTO 11 uypnyp 6L1JIlI, onaaxo, aTpHoyTalllI 60rOB, 11 BpH,It JIII MomBO COMIIenaThC.fI B TOM, TI'fO AeMeTpHH 'l'aI{OH o,n;e}KAOH XOTeJI cpannarsca C OOral\iH. 13 STHX nouaaIIhIX BHemHHX arpafiyrax H npOHBJIneTCJI BAes: 0603,{eCTBJICIIIIH napa, crarpannraa OrpO:MHylO pOJIL B X~HaHH ACMeTpUJI. xapaKTepe ~apH coe,n;HHHJIHCL rJIy60~aHllIHe KOHTpacThl: c o~Hoii CTOpOHM, pLI~apCI{Oe noseneaae no OTHomeHHIO K APY3LHM, C ,rwyroH - 6ec~epeMOHHOCTL H 6ecrro~aAIlOCTL B AOCTHiKeUHH IIOJIHTUTleCI\HX ~eJIeii (ocofieauo apHUH IIpHllep. TOllY - y6HHC'l'BO ionoro CLlHa Haccaanpa) (CM. BLIwe, c. 106). IIpaBAa, anecs PCTlL IDJIa 0 BLICOKOH CTaBIie - 0 MaI{CAOUCKOH xopcne, HO Aame aTO BPH~ JIII MOi.!{CT onpaanars otipaa AeiicTBHH AeMeTpIlH. COBpeMeUHHRH, npaasramae K nOJIHTlIlIeCliOMY naCHJIHIO raaoro pona, HrlIOpllpOBaJIH npecrynneuae ~eMeTpHH - IIHKTO He cAeJIaJI eMy Ha aTOT caer HHI{aI{OrO ynpena. Onpyacaa-
o
n
115
tuae ero JIIOAl:I cuopee uurepecoaanacs ~liCT1JaBaraU'1'llhll\lli BLIXO,IJ.KaMH aroro npaBHTeJIH, ero pocaonmsrx ofipaaoa i.KH3HU, ero jl{enIIJ.HuallH H KOCTlOMOM, npOH3DOAHBDllIM CHnLHoiimee BUC'IaTJIeIlRe na COBpeMenIIHI{OB. Ao aaaecruoii creneuu oro l:lOiI{HO IIOHJITh, u60 )J;JIS rpamnan rpexecnux IIOJIHCOH, If upenme ncero AJIH a~HnnH, AC:MeTpllH OhIJI uenanaausm HBJICIIHeM: B aTOM repone eme HHI\or~a ne DIfAeJIH npanuTeJIH, OC1ICJIHBUBllicrOCH pa30UTL CHOIO CTUBI\Y Ha A4lIIHCI{O~l aI{pOnOJIe II B1ICCTC C rerepasra H q)JICiiTIICTI\Ul\lJ1 cnpanarrn. IIpa3~neCTBa B Ilapdieaono. K TOMy 'I{e, 3TOT 'lleJIOBeJ" c 306 r, HOCRJI napcnaa 1'HTYJI, !{OTOPDlH uexorna IIOCIIJI Be.1IHltuii AJICI{CaHAP. B Ty nopy nOJIHC ne 01'JIHqaJICn na 6JIOCI{OM, nu: pOCI{OmLIO, cro apexa Yilie np OlllJIO , H ne OLIJIO H1J:1lerO YAHBHTCJlbHOrO n TOM, 111'0 JIIO~H naAaJIH IIB.~ nepen )~eMeTpHeM B OjKH~anIlH OT Hero xoro-natio CBCpXr.bCC1'eCTnenaoro. OTOMy OTHomeBHIO rpazsnau B IIellaJIOH CTerrCHJI CO~CHC1'BOnaJIa mapora lIaTypLI AelfeTpun: OH HUXOAHJI pa~OC1'L B IIpa3AueC1'Bax H He 6:bIJI MeJIOl.1CH B paanauo IIOJ~ap I{OB 11 B oxaaauaa l\IHJIuCTH. A mapora UUTypLI BO nee npeMClIa I(oIIHJIaCh asnne, lIeM ee np01'lIBOIIOJIOJUllOCTL. IIJIYTapx n «jl:\u3ueoIlHcanHu AeMeTpUH» nepenaer ueCl{OJILKO BldCI\a3blBanuH caoero repoa, COOTllCTCTBYIOT JIll 3TH CJIOBa IlCTOPH1ICC!{OH upaane - 3TO OCOOLlH BOIlPOC; Bee jl(e neXOTopLIO H3 IIBX MOrJIH GMTb aaaacruosansr Ha HCTOpasecnoro Tpy~a I'HepOIlH:Ma H3 Rap~HH, XOTH B IIOJIL3Y 3Toro neJIh3H npHBec1'H HH o~noro CRO~LRO-Hn6YAb BeCKoro noaaaaroascrna. AnexAOTLI, CBS3aUlIDIe C mH3UbIO AeMe1'pHH H era orna AUTuroua, -necoxaeuao, nOJIyqUJIH pacnpocrpaaenae yme npa IIX mHaDII, BO 31'0 1,aI{ paa 11 IIOI{a3:LIBaOT, xaKHM 60JILmHM aecox 06JIa~aJIH B csoe BpeMH 06a 8TH upaBHTeJISI. tI TO iRe xacaerca B:LICI{a3LIBalDli rerep, B I{OTOPIiIX HeT uenocrarxa y Ilayrapxa [CM., aanpaxep, 27, 4], TO ORH IIpHHa~JIemaT !{ H8neCTHOMY maBpy rpClIeCI{OB: JIHTepaTypLI, BLI8:LIBaBmeMY BO Bee speaeaa 60JILIDoii: anrepec, BO 11 OBII BPJI,I( JIB MoryT npeTelI,ItOB8TL Ha ~OCTOBepBOCT]). HeCI\OJIL1:0 anaxe 06C1'OHT AeJIo c nepenasea cIIoBHAeHHH. TaR, Ilayrapx paccaaasraaer (rJI. 29), "ITO AeMeTIllIH nananyue 6HTBLI npa Hnce BHAeJI COlI, B I\01'OPOll Cl\fY JIBIIJICH n IlOJIlIOM noopyaeeaaa AJIeI{CUHAP H CnpOCHJI 0 napOJIC. l\OrAU ~eMcTplli OTneTBJI, 'ITO napOJIJ> «3eBC ]I Hana (TI06e,1la) », AJIel{CaHAP OYATO ULI Cl{a3aJI, 'ITO OIl naxepeu y~aJIH'fLCH H cIIoco6cTBOBaTL uofiene nCl1pUHTCJIH. IIHI{TO ne 3IIaeT, HUCI{OJIhIiO l-lC'fOPH1IIIO 3TO cnonanenae, HO OAHO coaepnronuo
116
6esyCJIOBHO: oGpaa AJIeKCaHApa nOCTOHBlIO aauaxan MLICJiil AeMeTpHH, H nnomre eCTeCTneHHO, 'ITO 8TH pa3:M:bIIDJIeBHH MOrJIH OTpa3HTLCH n CIIOBHAenIlHX. . TOM, lIaCI{OJILKO JIerl{OBeCHO ,I.(eMeTpHH OTHOCHJICJI !{ ~OJIry npaBHTeJIJI MaI{e,n:OHHH, CBH,n:eTeJILCTByeT paccnaa 0 npomeaaax rpaanran, I{OTOplJIe AeMeTpHH 6Y,A"TO 6:bI 6pocaJI B BOADI pexa AI{CHJI nepaC!{pDITLIMH 11 .nellHTaHLlMII [IIJIyT., AeMeTpllii, 42, 2]. OH nOCBH1I(aJI cefia AeJIaM: ynpaBJIeUHJI JIUIDL rorna, noma y noro nOHBJIJIJIOCL meJIaHHe, H CCJIK ran IIIIKorAa H ne AomJIo 11-0 nacroamero ~OBepHJI Me:8tAY HIIM 11 :Mal{e~OHHHaMH, TO nana sa '3TO JIeiKHT HCl{JIIOlIHTeJI))lIO Ha caMOH nape, BHJ(eBmeM B l\faI\eJ(OIIHIIax B KOHelIHOM csere nams CBOHX nOAAanULIX. Ilpa TaKOM era OTHomeUIIH craaoBHTCJI rarone I10HHTllIJIMH TH)!\eJIble YAapbl CYAL61i1, nOCTOHH110 ero nocraranmae. K BTOMy caenyer Ao6aBHTL erne HSBeCTJIYIO CJIa60CTL era SAOpODL.JI. Macro pas - H nparoa IlMeHno BO Bpe~1J1 :KpHTHlIeCI\oii cHTya~Hu - AC:MeTpUH neoj{{HJ(aHHO Sa60JIeBa;I, JI n rexenae OOJIee HJIH· llenee J(JIHTOJILnOrO nepaona HC OIJIJI B COCTOJlHHH ocy~eCTBJIaTL CBOH OOJlSaHHOCTHnpaBlITeHS. . Boofime JIHqHOCTL AelfeTpHJI JlBJlHeTCJI BeChMa nepexen1JHBOii. BeJIHl{OAYJlIHe H rrpOH3BOJl coceACTBYIOT B Hei. K STO-
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13 'I,U:JlIlI
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119
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Corana, pacnycraamero
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RLIme, c.
158).
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lteAOHlffl lie 6bIJIa 60JILme \1:lICTO' cyxonyTHoii AepmaBoli. AHTHrOII l{Or OTBamHTbCfI Ha TO, 'lTo6LI ocnapanarr, y IITQJIeMeeR MopCKoe rocnoncrao B 8reH~e - aenaaeao, 6L1JIO JIU 9TO' n X pe MOH H,n:OBoii soaae HJlH TOJILKO BO 2-i CUPUHCI(oii. BeJIHI{() ObIJJO nnexaraenae, xoropoe npOHSBeJIa B A4>unax onepncaunaa AUTurOHOM MOpCKaJl nofiena. 06 aTOM CBHJ\eTeJIbCTBYB'f 3IIeKAOT, paCCR8SWBaIOIllBH 0 nOBe,-qeBBH mHBmero B A«pHU8X 4>UJIocotI>a APR8CHJI8n. B TO BpeMR RaR .ace npUlf:OCHJIH :Q8pIO AHTUrOHy II08~paBJIeHHR, OAIIH JIlfmL Ap-
184
keCHJIaU XpaHHJi MOJl'latlHC 1I TeM CaMLIAI BLtpa3HJI caoio CKop6L no DOB0AY' npoacmenmero 8. , KOBe~ XpeMoBHJ(oBOH Boiin~ 6LLTI nepmanoa . AOCTHiI(el1HH MaRe~OBCl(OrO npaaarena, HO MUp 1I 6esonaCBOCTL coxpaUHJIlICb ReAOJIrO, 1160 yme B 260 r, aaxanacs RODaR BoiiHa, TaR ua3hIBaeK8S 2-a CllpHHCKall , Me1Kny' IIToJIeMeeM H, C OAHOii CTOpOHH, H CeJIeBKHAOll AHTHOXOM 11, AHTHrOHO!\{ I'onarox 11 IIX COIOSHHK8MH - C AJ)yroii. ITo STOMy CJr~ 11810 - H, HeCOMBeUHO, C COrJIaCHH CeJIeBRH~CKoro np8BIITeJUI - . MaReAOBCKHH naps BKemaJICJI B AeJIa KHpeULI. O,r(HR1(0 AeMeTpHIO Hpacaaoxy, CBO~HOMY 6paTy AHTurOHa, He conyrcraoaana YAaqa: 110 I(06ym~eHHIO BepeHHKU, BIIOCJIeAc'rBHU cynpyra IIToJIeMes Ill, OH 6LIJI y6UT B KlIpeue, xro HBHJIOCL TH'I\R.HM y~apoM l1.JIH. lIpHBCpmeIII(eB MaR e,l{OHHH, ORasaBIDUXClI lIsrH8HHhIMH H8 RHpelUaI (CM. c. 158). AUTHron 1I0CTaBlIJI B AaRHOM CJIyqae He Ha Ty xapry, HO no.. npaaan AeJIO cenaparasrx MlIpOM, aaKJIIO'tJeHIILlM, BepOJlTHO, B 255 r., C IIToJIeMeeM 11. Bo 2-i CIlPllicROB: BOHxe MaReAoHHH nOllTlf HII'lJerO He nsrarpana. Jlams CeJIeBRH~LI CMOrJIH BLIiTH HS BOHHLl 60Jlee CHJILHLIMH, na e1Q8, MomeT 6LITL, POAOC~LI, KOTOplalM 6LlJJO Ha pyxy oCJIa6JIeHlle UTOJIeMeeBCRoro Mory~ecTBa na
Mope.
B
.
CJIy"lHJIOCL HB1JTO COBepmeHHO aeni.K}I~aBHoe: AJleRcaHJW, CMU Hparepa Hero npeeMHIIK B naxecrse B~e-ROpOJIJI B KopHH4te, OTIl8J1 OT AUTHroHa. BepOHTHO, OH COBepIIIHJI 3TO, 1I0,r(AaBIDHCL BHemHeMy BJIHJIlIHIO.. ECJIH STO TaR, TO OIl Mor paCCtIlITLIBaTL JIum'D Ha nOAAepmxy TITOJIeHeH 11. O~HaRo JlCTOllIDIRJI HUqerO 06 STOAf HO COo6lq8IOT, TaR 'tJTO npHXOAHTCJI orpaUHlIHBaTLCH npennOJIOmeHHHMH. Bo BCJlKOM: cJIyqae, AJIeI{CaH~p BpH,I( JIII peJIlHJICJI 6hI BhICTYIIIITL rrpOTHB AHTlIroua, eCJIH 6LI HO 6LIJI YBe~ pen B 1I0AAcpmKe eo CTOpOHDl. TaR lIJIK anane, AJIR Mal{elloIIcKoro napa STD O:&IJI RpaHHe TRmeJIDIH y~ap: caaxaxa HBHoe nepOJIOM:CTBO 6JIHSKOrO pOACTBeUHBKa, KOTOPOMY OH nOJIUOCTLIO AOBepHJI, a aarex eme 11 rrorepa KOPHBcPa If Snucu! MaKeAOHCKHe 6aCTHOHLI B l1eJIOnOHHece 6L1JIH 110 cyme Y'Re BeJJ;OCTH'RHMlaI, 11 TlIpaHlaI OI{aSaJIHCL B BeCLMa BesaBHAJIO:\{ nOJIOmeHHH, 1100 IIORa He MOrJIII paCCTlHTLIBaTh Ha nolJ..;(ep'RKy AHTHrOB8. K COm8J1eHHIO, XpOBOJIOrUH 8AeC:b neaa:(eiRHa. Bee me, BepOJITHee scero, AJIeKCaBAP H8M:eURJI AHTHrony B 252 r., HO He HCKJIIO"IeHO, 1JTO STO rrpOB80mJIO H B irasane COpOKOBLIX rO~OB. STO BpeMJI B
Ppenaa
t85
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AJIT}IrollY~
11 245
Ha
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r. 111\001>1 OT H;~a yAIOp
AJIeKCaIIAP. AHTlffOH cpasy H\e YC~IOTpeJI 3AeCb AJlJI cetin inane Ha ycnex: Oll cyMeJI y6cAHTb DAODY - ee 3naJIJI HHBLIii:TII aaMym sa HaCJleAHHna llaueAonCKoro npCCTOJIa AeMeTpHH; BDOCJIeACTBH1{ aTO 6bI.:I uapn ,[(eMeTpHii 11, npaBHBmuH c 239 ]\0 230 lIJIK 229 1'. Bzraronapa 3TOMy 6pa}{y MaI<eAOHCRaJl xopoua nepayaa BJI8AeIIHH B Cpc]\Hcii I'pe~HII. A TO, lITO HHl\eS 6LIJIa Ha HeCKOJILKO ;reT crapme ll.c-
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280
r., Me'I(~Y TO},! lUll,
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l\ICTpHH, nauepaoe, 1I0HnHJICH 11(\ CHeT ne panee 275 r.), ue Hl'paJIO 1IHI\al\OH pOJIlI. Bnotiaaox IIHIieH OLIJIa a(OJIIT(HHOii :.uIepr.aqIIOB: ~ c xapaxreposr, 1160, xorna c 60JILmO~i IILIIUHOC1':&1O 6LIJIa ornpaanaoaaaa cB8):{LGa, ona nee eme He meJIaera ornaaarn KJIIOl.JU OT ~HTaAeJIH AnpOI{OpIlHcPa. AHTllfOUY
npUIDJlOCh AOa(lIAUTbCH y~o6Horo MOMCllTH, 'tITo6bI no BPO~IH
rrpe6LIBaHH1I HJII(eH
rearpe ooeCIlC'tJHTL cefie AocTyn
B
B
upeuocra. 110
3THM ace 6LIJIO peureuo, H60 OCTpOB 3n6eIO, BamBOO CBHSYIOII.\Ce 3BeJIO Meu\;.(y lH 6paI( OTHOCHl.ICJI, nO-BHAHAIO~IY, npH6J1uSHTeJILIIO K 255 r., a OLIJIa JlH CTpaTOHHI(a eute mllDa HO npenena SaKJIIOl:IeHHH 6paKa ~eMeTpD:JI c HUHeei ~ HeH3BeCTHO. Boofime nepaon )ICmAY 260 u: 250 rr. naCtII-ITLIBaOT xmoro GeJILIX I1HTelI, H, eCJIH B 6YAy~eM HaAIUlCH, nanapycu 11 MOHeTIJI lIC cootimar ua 'I
nOBLIX
cBe.n:eHuH,
OTO
lIO.TIOjKOUUe
ne
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y m~
B noareanosr sospacre AUTuroH ,I{0!f'ReH 6MJI BeCTH npOTHB ITTOJIeMeeB erne omry BORny - ran lIa3LIBaeMYIO 3-10 CHpHiicKylO, rrpasex Ha 3TOT pas Tal(1!\e B comae c Ce-
(246-241 rr.). Arroreesr BOCHHLIX CTOJII(HOBCHHH B 3reH~c CTaJIO MopCI\oe cpaaeenae y AUAPoca. AUTHroH, KOroporc HCTOqHBKH HaSbIBaIOT «craprrsoxt», OAep)I(aJI n 3TOii oHTBe pemUTeJI:&HyIO Ilo6eAY JIa~ npOTHBJlHI\OM (ncpoHTIIO, B 245 r.). BCTyrrJIeHHe AHTJlrOH8 B STy Boiiny rrpOU30lliJIO B OlleHL YJJ;allBJ,li ~JIH JIerO MOMeHT: BJIaCTb nTOJIO~fCn: III B' JreBKH;(aMH
Ilepenaea AaHH pyxnyna, upocytuecraoaan ZIHmL lIeCI~OJIbI\O IIToJIeMeeB, 3aXB8THBmux pH,l( OllOPIILIX nyaxron B MaJIoii A3HII 11 cJ>paHUM, ofipatno l{ }IX rpauanasr. MOpCKOii noueAOH Y Annpoca
~IeCJl~eB. RSaaJIOCb, HaCTYII~IJla nopa OTUPOC1ITb
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rony B 245 r. OLI.ITO yme 74 rona, MomBO Y,IJ;UBHTLCH aaeprna H cane ero nyxa H reaa. OH, OqeBH,lI.HO, OCTaBaJICH ru6-
no
fiRM H pelnHTeJILnDI~{ caMOH rJIy60HoH CTapOCTH. ¥me I{ I{OI{~Y 50-x rO,l(OB III B. JI.O H. 3. B I'penaa Ha?leTHJIOCb 1I3MOneHHe nOJIHTlAeCKOrO RJIlIMaTa. ECJIH pansme ()JIJIa,n;a 6:bIJI8 nrpynrsok B pyxax 3JI31HHHCTHlIeCI\HX BeJIHKHX ,lI.epmaB H B nepnyjo osepem, H6JIOROlf paanopa Mem,ll.Y JIarH~aMH 11 AIITnrOIIHAa~IH, TO renops B nOJIHTH1J:eCKYIO arpy BI\JIroqaJIHCL HOBLIe CHJILI. 9TO 6LIJIH rpe-recaae COIOanLle rocynapcrna 3TOJIHHn;eB H axeanos, nO,ll.qHHHBIIIHe cnoexy BJIHHHHIO 06mHpHLle lIaCTH CpeAHe:A: I'penaa H IIeJIonoHHec8. OHH oco6eHIIO coneprranana MaI\e,ll.OHHei. 3TOJIHiil~bl CO upexrena }IX rro6e~T,I IJaJ); UeJlbTa:AfH (279 r.) nOJILSOBaJIHCL :B BJIJHi,I{e OOJILmHMH CHl\fnaTHHMH, XOTH 3TOJIHHCI\uii napon, otiocrronaamaacn aa oxpaanax rpe1JeCHOrO MHpa, JIHmh B Ma,'rIOH CTcrrCBH OhItIT UpHqaCTCH R .n;OCTHmeHBRM rpeqecI(oii nyJIL-
e
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B" CBOIO O"tJepe}l;L, aXCH~])I UamJIH B Apare CHI(HOHCliOM aaxesarensnoro rocynapcrnenaoro AeHTeJIH H PyKOBOAIITeJIH, 1\OTOpOMY AxeiicI\HH COI03 ofiaaan CBOHM nO~HTHtIeCHH1{ BOSBbImeUIfC?\I. KTO }I\e 6:b1JI 8TOT Apar? CLIH KJIHHHH, pOAHBIlIHiicH n Clfl\HOHC B 271/270 r., asrpocmaa B CO~[Le, onH0311IJ;UOUHO nacrpoennoa K THpalIHJiI (KJIHnHH cran mepTnon THpalIHH, l\OrA8 Apar OLIJI eme peoeHROM), Apar acerna llYBCTBOB8JI ce6n IlOOOpHHI\OM HAeaJIOB rpajRAUHC:KOH cBo6oJ);:bT. I-{ TOA"Iy ;Re OH CMOTpeJI ~aJIeI\O aa 11pe~eJILI CTeII cnoero ponnoro ropona, -qT06LI OCBo60~HT]) ero OT THpauon, on YCT8IIOBHJI CBnSL C llToJIeMeeM IT B: AHTHroHoM !'OTI3TOM. IIepBLlH Aa'Re npeAOCT3BHJI O~fY 3Ha'tJ:UTeJII)HYro CyMMy nener, c rrOMOI.I(bIO xoropoa MomHO nLIJIO Y:J;OBJIeTHOpUTL TpeooBaIIIIH CIiII\HOIICI\IIX H3rllaIIIIHKOB. Peuraiomax UepeJIOM01I HBIIJIOCL npacoenaneaae B 251 r. CHI\Hon:a 1\ AXeUCI(OMY cOIOay IlOCJIe oCB060'I(AeUHH ero OT THpaUHH. Toma COIOS eme OTBIOAL ue OLIJI MO~HOii opraaaaanaea, OH OXBaTLIBaJI JIHmL UeCI(OJILI(O MaJIeHLKB:X ropOAOB CeBepHO1'0 Ileaononaeca, 110 naopsr COI03Horo cofipaaaa 6LIJIH yCTTpe~{JIeHLI na Apara, nOCI\OJILRY OH He TOJII>I{O HMII03aUTBOB: BuemHOCThlO, HO 11 CBOHM IIOJ);I\YIIaIO~HM HpaBOM H ~HIIJIO ~IaTH"IeCRH?\IH cnOCOOHOCTHMH BLIAeJIHJICH cpena scex Jij)yrux IrOJIHTHI(OB. Iloarosry ern nel1pCpLIBHO IIs6BpaJIH CTpaTerOM, r. e. «rrpe3H,IteHTOM» AxeicRoro coioaa: CHa1l8JIa B 245 r., aaTeM B 243-M, a B OOm;eM He MOHLme 16 paa, npU"IeM 110(";IO}~HlIii paa - B 213 r., B rOA ern CMepTH.
187
Ila uporameuaa MHOrH.X ner Apa'r croan DO rnasu ororo 06'Le;O;HUCHBfI D BMeCTe c BB~I rrepeisaa Hero I10JIHTIIlIeC:KUe B3J.ICTDI,
.H n8~eHHH.
TaR
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OT-
CTaHBaTL ceria I\aK caMOCTORTeJIbItau BCJIlIqllHa B IIOJIRTHlIeCIiOH arpe Be;rUKIIX ,t(epm8B, TO OCTaBaJIOCh JIHmb npUl\fliHYTb 1\ OABOB Ha IIHX - K rocynapcrsy IIToJIeMeeB HJIH K Maxel(OUBII. M 1lei'IcTBHTeJIhHO, B npoBoJ,J;IJA10ii 111\f. IIOJIlITll({e ApUT B OCHOBHOM pyI(OBO~CTBOBaJlca: 3THA-f npUHI.J;I1110l\1, IIpH~{eH.fIlI era C 60JIbWoi BHpTY03HOCTLIO. Ho HBTepecLI Axsacaoro COJ03a H Anraroaa I'onara OLl.TIJI B OCIJOBe
CBoeH
HecoBMecTHMbI, 1160
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rAe
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naHTII
]{al\. ee cefie rrpCACTUBJIHJIH
Apar Hero npaaepaseausr. 3aUHM8H BO sropoa pas AOJImHOCTL crparera, Apar B 243 r. nanec TII},KCJlLIB: Y,l(ap l\laKel(OHCI\OMY rocnoncrsy B SJIJIa~e: B MHpHoe Bpe'MH, fiea o6'LB oorrposoameaaa lle6oJILmOH rpyrrmr npasepateanen OH OBJIaACJI KOPU1ItPOl\-1 H HPCnOCTLIO AI(POKOpUH
HBJIelIHH
BOHRLI,
pemUTCJILnLIX
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BCRope
nocRe~oBanH ~pyrHe
Tpeaen,
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6LIJIO H AyMaTL. KOpHU4» - rop0]l; H I\penOCTL - 6lJIJI 3aHJlT M:0IllBLIM 8xeicIQlM rapIIB80HOM, a 3TOT noC:Ie ARRH , 'tTo6LI ofieeonacarr, ce6s 01' HeOiRHAallHLIX Hana]l;eUHH, noMHl\IO acero npoxero HCnOJIL30BaJI CTopomeBLIX cofiax. AHTHrOH HaXO~HJICH B 3aTpY~HHTeJILHOM IIOJIO)KCIIHH. all AOJIiKeU 6LIJI IIpHMHpllT:bCS: C rrorepeit ropona, CKOJIL 6oneaHeHBOB OHa ,I(JIH Hero BH 6:LIJIa. AHTHrOH rOa8T If Apar
qero
OLtJm aa
pe~KOCTL HepaBHOB: napoa: naps -
CT8pe~, KOTOPOMY
75 HeT, Me)K;O;Y Te)1 xax Apary OLIJIO TOJILKO 27. fIHI(TO ne BRaJI, KaKHX HeoffiHAaHHocTei MomBO OLIJIO 02Ba,naTh OT Apara B 6y,n;y~eM. Tan UJlH aaaxe, Aararon,
HCnOJIBHJIOCb
C08H8B8nmBH
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paonrapeaaa
Axeii-
cxoro coroaa, OK838JICJI BLlHy>KAeUHLIM HCK8TL eOI08HHKOB. OH aamen RX B JIH~e 3TOJlJ:dmeB B SToJldcKOrO cmosa. 188
IIpaBAa, 9TOT nOCJleAHHH. AOCTaBJIJIJI 1\tlOHapxy B Cpe~HeH I'po-
~HH MHOrO XJIOnOT, ~AHaI{O 8TOJlHi~bI Bpam,n;OBaJIH C axeii~aMH, H 3TO OLIJIO OCnOBH:&I11 no6ym~eHHeM, aaCTaBHBmHM HX nepearn Ha CTOpOHy MaKe~OHHlJ. Kaa8JIOCL, lITO AeJIO CHOsa AOH,LJ;eT AO KOH1THii, a OHO He 6LIJIO ~JIB nero 6JIarOnpHJITfiLIM. BLITL MomeT, ItaK nonaraer B. B. 'I'apa 9, yrrero XBaTIIJIO OLI CHJI HaueCTH axeii~aM ITopameUIIC, HO TaKHM IIyTeM 011 He SanOJI~HJI OM oopaTHO RopHHq.a, B 'IIeM H saltJII01I8aacs rJIaBUaJl aanasa, H ~ame IIpH }J;JIHTeJI:&Hoi ocane ropoHCXO~ aeJIL311 6LIJIO npenycxorpen, Ho 6es KOPIIHcPa MaKeAOHCKaJl CHCTeM8 rocnoncraa B I'penaa 6LIJIa JIUmen8 aacromnero nearpa, XOTJI ropona Aproo H MeraJIOnOJIL no-rrpemHeMy COXpaHJlJIH BepUOCT.& AHTBrouy. :3T8 cHTya~HJI rrpaneaa It nOJIHTHlIeCI{OMY paBHOneCHIO B Ilenononaece, HH onaa H3 AByX napTBi He MOrJIa ;~06HTLCH nOJIHOH no6eAhI Ha,n; APyroi. Ilpa TaKOM 110JIOmeHHH .n:eJI MomHo, n03(aJIYH, ynpeUUYTL Anrnroaa I'oaara B oTCyTCTBHH IlOCJIeROB8TeJILHOCTH era nOJIHTJI1IeCROrO !(ypca: 011 OCTarrOBHJlCH Ha IIOJlnyTH H npeAOCT8BlIJI 6YAy~eMY'peluaTL aaTJIHyBIDH:D:CJl cnop, Ho, B031t10>KHO, OH 6LlJI a8B.RT }(pyrHMH, erne 60JIee BamHLlMH aaOOTaMH? Y MaKe~oHIIH OLIJIa Ha cesepe pacranyraa, OTRPLIT8JI rpaaana, KOTOpyIO l[eOAHOKpaTHo aapynraaa JlBJIJIBmUeCH C ceaepa KOlleBHe IrJIe~leHa. He CJIlaImHO OYJIO, O~HaKO, lITo6s AUTBrOB npo-
na
189
HBHJI
ocofioe pserrac n 6opL6e
C 3TOH onaCUOCTLIO,- 1I3rrpO-
TUB, ~JIH
uero aasmee ncero OhlJI8 rpexecnarr nonaraxa. 240 ron 6LIJI rOAO~{ MlIpa B Cpe,Il.H3eMHOMOpC:KO~f peraone, Ha BOCTOI{e, RaR 11 Ha aanane, npucTyl1J1J1H I{ SaJIC~I-lBaHHIO p8H, H8neceIIHbIX 60JIhmHMH BOHII8MII. Ha aanane IIO~OllIJI8 I( ROllIl;Y 24-JIeTHHJI 6opb6a pHMJJJIH 11 HaPcParcHHH B 1-ii IlyHl£1IeCI\OH BOHHe sa 06JIa~aHHe CH~HJIlleH, na BOCTOI(e DOMHpUJIHCL npyr C APyro~l IIToJIe:McH H CeJfCBI(li,rJ;LI, II JIHWh B 3JIJIa~e uapano 06MaHtllfBoe CIIOI,oHcTBHe, ]{OTOPOO B JII060ii MOMeHT MOrJlO CHOBa IIpeBpaTHTLCH B OTUPLITYIO BOHlly. l\JIIO't£ It nToMy IIaX0Jl:HJICH B pyxax Apara, 011 nec >I{O crpeMUJICH, He ClIlITaSCL C cocenasra, pacnraparn BJIHHHHe pyxoBOAHMoro H~[ AXCHcltOrO coioaa. On Aa>KO He OTCTyIIHJI IIepen uana.n.eHHeM Ha A
CI{IiIMH rrp06JIClfalfH B 3peTpUH H A4JfIJI8X IIOA PYI-:OBOACTBOl\1 3eHOHa H3
RUTBH. MLI
He BBaeM,
~YMaJI 1IU: AIITHroH uorna-
IIH6yW> npeaparars ropon MaKeAoHCKIIX napea IIeJI.~IY B CTOJIH~Y MYS, I{aI" 9TO CJl:eJIaJIJI C AJIeKcaH]J;pHeii: nepnae IlToJIeMell. TaR lIJIK HIIalIe, eMy ULIJIO HOMY rronpaaear». Be~J> y»{e napr, ApxeJIaii: (413-399 rr.) npHrJIaCH:JI noara 8Bpllnana K CBOC~IY ;n;BOp~y B Manel(OlIHJO, rAo TOT 11 lranHC8JI CBOHX «Baxxaaox». Ilpn JJJIHIIITe 11 rpe-recroro yqeHLrC 6:&tJIll BocnUTaTCJIH}[H AJIeRCaH~pa - cnaxana AnClI(CHlfeU Ha
Jlaxncana, a aarex I103~nee
Ilpaana,
ApHCTOTCJlL, KOTOPOMY cy>KAeuo 6LIJIO CTaTL sBesAoH nepsoa BeJIH'IHHbI B MHpe aayna, norna OB 6LIJI npa nsope B IleJIJIe, aroro HlIJ\TO
enre He Mor 8RaT}" HO nee me CJIaBa uparnamenaa rpe-te-
caoro yqenoro B MaIteAOnHIO npnrranaearar napio IIJIlln11, XOTH ~eMoc41en B CBOHX penax H aaRJICHMHJI ero I(aK BeJIHQaiimero npara rpellecKoii !(YJILTYPLl. Pasyxeercs, Apreansr 6LIJIII He CJIHmROM BLICOKoro MHeHHH 0 «pHJIOCOrry
HJIOCo4>JIH, TO OT aroro 6bIJIO MaJIO TOJIl{Y - paane TOJILliO otimee rJIy60I(Oe ynaaeenae R AYXOBHOR 3{H~IIH rpexon, OCOUCIIHO Ii n03MaM I'oxrepa, nOTOp:&Ie l1pOH3nCJIH Ha Anencarnrpa CHJILIleiiwee snenarnemre If -rrpo-
190
6Y~HJlH B tIeAtI iIteJIaUHe CpaBHJlTLCH C nCJlHnH~'IH repomm rpexecuoa CTapUH:bI. ¥ I'oxepa, C KOTOPbIAI 011 II031IaI(OMHJICH 6JIaro,n;apJl ApIlCTOTeJIIO, AJIOI(Can~p namea TO, "ITO HCKaJI: BOCTopr
nepen
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196
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197
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rorna non ROMalI;o;onan:nelrI crparera Fnnepfiara, 1I0 na caaou neae HX BomAeM 6bI:I call Apar, llama Bacon OTlIeTRHBO J(J[OlIlI;raCL B croporry JHlI-ieAeMOIIUH, 1'1, l\aaaiIOCh, ue 6hI.lJO OOJILme coxnenaa, RTO B 6JIIl'I(aHIIIee npexa ;o;OOLOTCH roe11o,nCTBa B Ilenononnece. Bo BClII(O~f cayuae, }\;IeOMeu reneps yme COBepmeUIIO OTIipbITO ;r(06uBa.lICH rere:MOIIJIH. 110 STO 03IIaQ8JIO 6LI HOIleD; C8MOCTOHTeJIbIIOrO CY~CCTnonaIIHH AxeicKoro COI033. Ilononeeune axeiinen 6bIJIO B TOT l¥lOMeUT IIUCTOJIbIiO THjl~eJILIM, 'tITO 01111 BWpa31IJLU rOTOBnOCTL IHl'-laTL neperonopu, RJIeOMeU, OJ,uaKO, OTCyTCTHOB8JI IIpH aTlIX neperosopax, TaK nal{ nocne omroro (popcnponaUlloro l\tlapma naIJlIJICH XOJIOAIIOH nO~LI n THilteJIO 3a6oJIC;I. Ilpu aTO}I 011 1I0TepSJI lIC TOJII)]iO ~(1I0ro HpOBU, HO l(lURC Clloco6IIOCTJ~ rOBOpHTL, TClI\ 'ITO ne nor ytlaCTH01HlTI, 11 rreperonopnx 1I HOJIiKeU 6.bIJI OTnpanHTLCH ofiparno n Cnapry, XOTH 60pY,6a aa rereMOlIHIO n Ilcnononuece nOCUJHl aoI\aJIbIILlii: xapaxrep, aa ITeH nn aamrcx naaue CTOHJIH nCJ1III\!-IC aJIJIHIIIICTIPleCI(He ]:(cp}I\aBJ)I, n nepuyio o-reponr, ManenoHUH, lIaXOJJ;HBITl3nCH TorAU non YIIllanJIeHlIe~I AIITl'lrOIIa COlla (c 230 HJIII 229 ll.0 222/221 r.). II:IYTaj1X [Hneosr., 1.6, 3] BHIIHT Apara n TOM, 'tITO OIl couepnran POI\OBOH mar 1I OTl-{8d TIeJIOlIOJIUeC no DJHlCTJ> rex Cll1rILIX ManCl(OUHU, l\OTOpstx OH xorna-ro, B3HB ROPHIIcP (n 213 r.), OTTY1~n 1I3r1IaJI. Bnpoxex, 06 Apare ronoprcnr, l.JTO n cnOHX «130CIlOMHJIUUHHX» OH narOBOpUJI MlIoro IICJICCTHOro 06 Anrarone Aocone nenanpaa na TO, 'tITO nCTynUJI C nH~1 B TCCHblH liOIIT8Kl\ B 225 r. RJIeOJiICIIY YAaJI0CL IIOAlIHIIlITI> cnoek BJIaCTII, TIOMDltIO rreCROJILRHX He6oJII>IIIHX ropOJJ;KOB, I\PYIIlILIH nenrp Aproc, I'opon J,l;OJImen 6LIJI ].J;aTL 33J10mUHKOB I1 !IPUIIJlTL B cnoa crensr cnaprarrcmdl ra PUII30II. STO CJIytIHJIOCL, Ror;O;8 B Aproce npa3AHOBaJIHCL HeMeH, T. e. B paarap JIeTa~ H HIOJIe srecaue. c aroro 1lOMCIITa TIHlj\1l1\lIH OCTaUJIHCT nac ua ~eJILIX naa rona n IlOJIIIO:\f lIPHOj.~lHrlln 11 BOaOOJfOB.TIfHrr cnoe nonecraonanao JIHIH& C IIOnUJlelUIH M:aHCJ\OIHIIl H 11c:Io-
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ro naprr. Ilofiena AnTHrolIU Aocona IX axetinen 03JIalJaJIa 0J(nonpeaeuno I[ 1I0paiI(eU:HC 11 ronexerr 1TI, 1\0TOpLIii, nO):(J(aBIIInCL COBCTaM MYAPI>IX noznrrrutou B A!IeI\C1HIAPlllI, Yine lIOaa;(OJIfO lJ;0 UIfTBLI npn CCJIJIac.Hlf Hpel~oCTOnUJ[ Hneoxrena era CYJ1;I)OC. OH IIpCl\paTHJI BhlHJIfiTY cyucJ[)~ni.i 11 T(lI\II~{ 06pa30~t ]{n:r nOIIHTI>, (ITO IIJlC](OJILKO lIO aannrepeconun n I\OlItPPOllTa]\1'111 C MaueAOHCUHl\l napen. Ha nonofinoro POAl1 CTOJIUUOBeHun IlTOJICl\leH npnn JIJI BI)lmeJI GbI 1I00eAHTe.TIeM. ~paMaTI{lIeCI(aH cnerra, paasrrpannrancn B Cnapre no B03npa~cHU:H norepneamero nopaaeenae ltJIeoMeHa, OlllICLInaerca ] .I.!IYTapXO~[ --- nU1\IIl\'IO, 110 (PHJIapxy - CJIC,u;YIOI.I(HM o6pa:nH\f: uocuacrmaii ~UpI), BCTYl1IfU n cnoii ~\OM, OTI(JIOJIHJI n pennoaeenuoe Cl'IY IlUTT)C. I Ie CIUIU n ccon }(OCneXOB, OH n 110:1110:.\1 uoopyn.oumr lIP"C:IOII1IJICH 1\ I,OJIOI1JIC If IIOCJf(~ I\OPOTicoro OT)lblXH lIpo;tO.'IiI,It.n cnoc 6crCTBO n ruq)cii", ~IOJ)CKYIO raBUI1T) Jln 1\(ll((\~I()JIa. 11a 1'11<1>011 11 yTh UnIJI nponomnen na KOpaUJIHX )\a;1 hIlIC n Ern lie", uGo 3]~ecr), rne Yil\C IH1XOJlUJllfCL n IUPICCTBe aa.HOil\IIIlHOB ero 1\1 OTT) n 01'0 }(eTII, naps IHll~CflJIClI lIaHTU yO(~il'lIH\e. aTOM: ?\leCTC (I)JTJlapx. CHOBfi ncramcr nc-
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230
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245
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Toro rpaamaaaaa ropona RU8HRa. AnOJIJIOHHAa He TOJI:bI(O 1IOJII)30B8JIaCL JIJo60BLIO cynpyra n ~eTeH, RO H B})13LIBaJI8 BOCXHlI.{eUUe If ynaaceaae CBOHX nOAAaHIILIX. IIa1\fHTL 0 HeB AOJIro OLIJIa iKHBa B Ilepraxe. Cyirpyra (yMep B 197 r.) OHa nepemana Ha neCI(OJIhI(O AeCHTHJleTD. 8BMeH 11 O!aIJI iReHaT Ha KannaAOKlliicKOH npHHI(eCeO no HMeHH CTpaTOHHHa. Y aToll: meU:II{HHoI 6LIJIa YAHBHTOJIJ)IJaH cy;r:V.,08, JfOO OHa UhIJIa saMy1IteM He xrenee xersrpex paa: l~DaiKAr)I aa 3Bl\feHOM 11 If 1~BamAhI S8 era 6paToM ATTaJIO~[ III 110 DTO YiI\O CBHS8IIO C IIOJIHTHllecnoH ncropaea rocynapcrna ATT8J1J1)l;OR, H I(OTOPOH :MDI erne nepaeuca. 8BMeuy ODIJIO IIpHMepHO 24 rona, norna on 38nHJI npeCTOJI. BPOMH, TIORa OH 6LIJI IIpeCTOJIOUaCJIe,IJ;HHI{Oll, T. e. C 221 AO 197 r., 6LIJlO nepHOAOM BOHH H HeCTaOUJI:bHOCTH. B Capnax, rJIaBHOM repone cenennancxoa MaJIoR A3HH, caMOCTOHl'eJIbnLIM H ne3aBllCIIMLIM napex 6LIJI ABOIOPOAHDIH 6P8T Aaruoxa III Axeii, 0AB8KO BCJIe,n;CTBHe npenarezscraa on rronan B pynH AUTIIOXY 11 nonneprca MYlIUTeJII>UOH I{aSHU (213 r. AO H. a.). Hanpacno OH B08JI8r8JI HaAeiR)l;LI Ha ernnercxyro nOMO~I). BnaCTL CeJIeBI{HAOB B CpeAHCH R IOiI{llOH AnaTOJIHH 6LIJI8 JIOJIHOCT:bIO nOCCTaHOBJIeH8, 8 Ha nOJI»\HOCTL nH~e-ItopOJIH 61ilJl HaSHal:IeH saCJIy)nCnnbIH renepan Anrnoxa 3eBKCH~. ATTaJI I B npoxearyrne MO)I\,IJ;Y 228/227 II 22~ rr. pacnpOCTpaIIHJI BJIaCT:b cnoero AOMa na BCJO CeJIeBHUACI{YIO TeppHTOpHIO Me)U~Y 3roH)l;oH H T8BpO~I. Onnaxo 3TO IIP0fl:0JI)I(aJIOCI) JIJfmL I{OpOTI(Oe BPC}IH, BOO Axeii CIIOBa 3aCTanHJI era OTOHTH K CBOHl\{ rpaaanax, T3I{ "tITO B1Ia,neUHH ATTaJIa I oIt8SaJIHCI) orpaanaeasr Ilepraaox c era 6JIH}RaHmeB: onpyrOH H roponaxa (])uaTHpoH H Haxpacoa, ,n:a)ne nocryn K :JreucKoMy l\IOPIO 6:LIJI AJIH nero 3aI(pLIT. 'I'ex He Menee B xone Kal\fII8UIIII 218 r. ATTRJIY I Yfl:aJIOCL CHOBa IIOAqHHHTL csoea BJlaCTH 06JIaCTL 810JIH~, a I(POMC Toro, ropona Teoc l·r ROJIOcl»OR. C rex rrop 3TH 06II:(HBLI OCTanaJIHCI) nOA DJIaCTI)tO ATTaJIH)l;On. 110 Ileprax Bee enre UblJI M3JIelIT)J(Hl\{ rocynapcrnOM, XOTH era npanareas H nOCHJI ~apCRHH THTyJI (ATT8JI I JI}lHIIf.lJI oro rIOCJIe nepnsrx notien, onepaeanusrx lIRA rUJlaT8MII IS 241/240 r.). 1I0 cpanaeaaio C CeJIeBI{HAaMR ATTaJI I 6DIJI JlI1lliL OAHUM H3 M:eJIRHX AHHaCTOB, !(aI{HX Jr{OiRIIO 6:bIJIO HaiiTII nOBCIOAY B AUaTOJIHH. 8TH WiuaCTLI 110 60JI:bmeii "':IaCTH CTapaJIHCL 1ij)ymHTI> C 60JIee MoryII:(eCTBeHHLlMH BJIaCTHTeJlH1\:111, B nepsyro oxepens C CeJIeBI\HJl:al\IH, noma Te}1 YJ~aJIOC:b ocymecrnars cnoa npHTH8~UHH Ha nJIaCTL n M8J10i'r ABJIH.
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