911 .
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.
1986
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1986
2
621.43-52: 62-531.6 36-01-86. : . 1986. 26 .
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.
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.
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911 .
,
.
1986
,
.
1
1986
2
621.43-52: 62-531.6 36-01-86. : . 1986. 26 .
/ ,
.
,
.
.
.: ,
». 0523 «
»
1609
». . 11.
. 7.
. 2.
: ;
.
,
.
.
,
-
.
©
, 1986
3
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2).
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, E
, (
-
). ,
-
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-
E ,
P. C , ,
, , . P
-
P = A( z )ω2 ,
A(z) z; ω
(1) , .
A(z)
, .
-236 A(z)
ω
P z1,
5
A( z ) =
P , ω2
(2)
,
-
,
(n = 2n ),
n .
(
. 1)
,
,
. z .
n
.
-
, ( ).
1. 2.
9
7
. -
. 3.
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-
, ( , , ). 4. , 6...5 5.
). . 1-4
0, 3, 5, 7
. . .
1
;2 ;7
. 1. ;3 ;8
;4
;5 ;9
: ; 10
;6
6
7
1.
1. 1
z, ⋅10
3
G,
0 5
6
3 7
5
6
7 7
5
6
7
1
n, ω,
1
P, A′(z) A(z) : ω =
π n ⋅ 2,37 , 30
2,37
; P = 2G ⋅ 9,81 [ ] ,
G
(3)
(4)
; A′( z ) =
A( z ) =
P ; 2 ω
∑ A′( z ) . 3
(5)
(6)
8
2.
A = f (z) (
1
.
2 ). 3.
2 -
P = f (ω )
n = 2 n ).
2 z, ⋅10
3
ω,
1 1
n,
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 2 4 6 8 4. z,
2(
. 2 ).
5.
,
2(
. 2 ).
. P = f (z)
3, ,
E = f (z).
F. 3(
(z = 0, z = 8) E = f (z). .
. 18).
P = f (z) -
9
. 2.
10
2
. z
ω
z = f (ω). ,
z = f (ω) h = f (ω).
-
, . -236 (
. 3) .
1
2
,
-
3
4. 5,
6
7
,
8. 9, 10 12, 13.
11. 14
: 15,
12 16 18 .
17, 20 22,
19 21 24,
12 23
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26
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24 28
27, 29.
30 31.
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11
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36.
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1, ( ), 11 (
)(
1.
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).
3.
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-
( ), 3. 4. . 5.
10°, . 2, 3, 4
6.
. ,
( ).
-
13
3. h = 18 2,25z. 3 ψ°
0
z
15
30
45
h
1.
h = f (n) (
. 4).
2. (
).
3. , . δ=
n −n n +n
⋅ 200, % .
(7)
4. (
. 4).
5.
(
. 5). δ = f (n)
. ,
n .
14
. 4.
h: 1-1 ∆h ∆n
. 5.
; ;
15
3
, . ,
E
,
. . ,
-
,
,
E = E0 + ∆E = E0 + ∆z ⋅ C , E E0
(8)
; -
( ∆z C
); ; .
( ,
. 3). ( ,
, ,
)
. . (
. 6). 1
2, 3
5,
6
4.
7 9
10,
8. -
. 6.
16
17
. (
-
)
. . ,
, E
E = f (z)
ψ
-
, . .
ψ = const, .
1.
P0 .
2.
, 10
.
3.
i (
, . 7).
,
4. 5. 6.
(
25
. 3). .
, ( ).
-
4. 4 ψ°
0
10
20
z E 7. 10°.
30
40
18
1.
E
P
P0 (
. 8).
∑ M 0 = ( P + P0 ) L − El = 0 , E = ( P + P0 ) 2. 3. E = f (z).
L = P0i + Pi . l
E
4.
( ( E = f (z) P = f (z). 4. Fp = f (n) (
(9)
)5 )1
.
10
. 20
. 1,
-
,
, . 9).
z=2
z = 6.
,
(
. 10).
,
F =
dE dP − . dz dz
(10) .( ,
). ,
dE ∆E [ ] = . dz ∆z [ ⋅10−3 ]
-
19
.7.
. 8.
20
100 dE = = 25 ⋅103 −3 dz 4 ⋅10
⋅
−1
40 dP = = 10 ⋅103 −3 dz 4 ⋅10
⋅
−1
dE = 25000 dz
⋅
−1
80 dP = = 20000 dz 4 ⋅10−3
.
;
⋅
−1
.
F ( )=
∆E − ∆P = 15000 ∆z
⋅
−1
F ( )=
∆E − ∆P = 5000 ∆z
⋅
−1
.
ω′ ,
;
;
.
F = f (n )
ω′′ .
P = f (z),
, ,
21
. 9.
. 10.
22
4
µ ,
,
-
, . µ ( :
-
), ,
, . :
1.
,
:
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-
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).
3.
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).
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:
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:
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-
. . 5. 5
1 2 3 4 5 6
23
µ µ1.
) : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
. . . . . . µ.
) ,
,
m 2
µ 2
V 2.
(11)
V2,
(12)
m V V
; ; .
µ =m R . 11); R
.
V2 V2
=m
R2 R2
,
(13)
.
24
,
-
µ
,
-
, µ = (0,08 ÷ 0,1)µ .
µ
,
,
,
( , )
:
µ=
J , l12
(14)
l1 J
; , :
τ2Gl2 J= , 2 4π (G = mg);
G τ l2
; . τ
. 10
(15)
15
. ,
(15) τ G
, l2
.
. 11. ;
;
:
25
26
.
-
6. 6 m
µ =
G
l1
τ
l2
µi
J
,
7. 7 µ1
µ
1.
. .
µ
µ
µ
.:
, 1979. 615 .
2. /
.
, . , 1969,
, 8, . 1-4.
.
.
-
