9 downloads
162 Views
223KB Size
Report
This content was uploaded by our users and we assume good faith they have the permission to share this book. If you own the copyright to this book and it is wrongfully on our website, we offer a simple DMCA procedure to remove your content from our site. Start by pressing the button below!
Report copyright / DMCA form
! "# $ "% & # "'
j
! " ! " # $ #!% & #' ( ) *+, -*. ( + / 0 11 2 (
34567895 2( 9 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 1 ( 3 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( : ( + ! ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 22 & " ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 22 ! ; # ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 2 < ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 2 , ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 2=
> #!% 3 ! & % " # " &
? . /@ @ !A
! % ! #/ ! #< % ( + ! # % ! # % @ ! %&
3 % @ @ . 8 ! ! #"/@ & @ @ @ " # #&
( 8! ! " ;. &
# 2:B2 (. #"/@ @( 9 . @ ! # #@ ?@ %. & / ?@ " . #@ #/ " λ < 2C ( D # 2C @. < !A# ! % !. @ ! " # ( 4 ! /@ @ . #
. @. /" . < ( + ; # @ < % ! #. #
; @ < & # ( E 2:== ( ;" #
! # % !) . # #
@. #"/ . ( +%& ; 2=B ( & / #. /# @ <@ # ( 8#% " " + !A ! @ < . ! ? # ?& ( E # / # . @ < # # # #. & " / ( D # ; " # % @ <( " # " # & % < < . ! ; " # & %"( E 2=F ( / # # ,! # & ; # " . & %. ?# # " #( " . " < ! # " &
. ; # ! /#. # <& ( G !A ; 2=: (. ; # #<# & #. ! # # # & # # " ( 3 & / ? # 9& . # ! # 8 # % ? 2:=B ( 8 . " / #. ! #!% # # ( 4 # &
/ # # " # / ? %" ; #&
2= (( 9# < # " ? ( 4 !? ; @ #" # 9& ! ( E 2=F ( ; # . ! @ # ; ? ; !" ! ( E 2= ( ! % !( + ". ! & @ # # !#. &
#@ 3( . 2=: ( H I ( # #!% < 8 ! #(
2( 8
. <@ ## & ! " ( ( 3#? " " & # 9& ! ( ( 3 @ #?@ " & ? ( 1( + " ! " % &
!@ # . @ ?" ? ! ! /" " & ! . ! H #/" " " )
hν
^
hν0
hν0 > hν c c > λ0 λ λ0 < λ
hν0
*
hν
?
hν0 < hν c c < λ0 λ λ0 > λ
! ! E % ; @ @ @ ! ( 9 & @ # ! /. # @( 8#? # ; " & " ( + / !< . & ? #? " # #
/ #J ;( 9 # & / #J ; # @ & #? " # ?" 10−510−6 ? ( K & # #!% @ !& @ #/ ; # & @ . ;# " ; #( F( E< 3 ! 2=C ( ( E E # # #!% # &
# " # & !< ? ( 9! " @ # & ; ?& ( ! @ & @ @(
3 # % # @ & # " # ! & #< ; ! # # #( &
@ / I& ˆ % & = Hψ ih ∂ψ ∂t @ #< ! # #. <?# # # < ; # ( G @ # # ;# & # ) (βxy )ik =
ψi∗αxy ψk dτ,
ψi. ψk H % #!#@ ! @ ". <?@ # # < ; # & . αxy H # # . " #& #% ; " ! . ? & # # . % # & ?" " (
z
r
Ey
px x
y βij
H (
5 ?" E y & $y'. ?" & px $x'. !& (xy)( βxx βxy βxz βik = βyx βyy βyz . βzx βzy βzz
. ! βxy ! . !@ # . & ! < < % . !& ? ## # ( + & ## # ψ0 αxy < ! # < . ψk . ; . αxy < # % ψk ) f µ (αxy )iµ = Gii G · αxy . g G
G H % ## L Giiµ H # " ;# µ& &
# L f H # µ& # &
L g H ( ! & ## # # ( ! ! #. ## ## " ?" # # ( 3 # ? #!% # < & " ; &
σ σ=A
eiβik ek ,
ik
A H ;% % L ei. ek H % ; ?" & " ( 3 #% " ρ = σ/σ⊥ @ % ( M σ σ⊥ H ; # # E . # # ?" " ( G . # . ## & #. @ " . @ # # ## ( 4 ## " " # " # %( G 3. <" ## & sik ## aik . ) βik = sik + aik . # ?@ # @ " ) β1 0 0 0 a12 a13 βik = 0 β2 0 + −a12 0 a23 . 0 0 β3 −a13 −a23 0
M Sc = 13 (β1 + β2 + β3) @ & ( 4 # βi " @ γ 2 ( # βa. aik . @ ## # ( i
G βc. γ 2 βa & # ) 8πω 4 σ = 4 (βc + γ 2 + βa). c
G H N6O5NO3 N7O8( K # #& NO3 ?" ! ( G # " # " % ! & @ ! ( G & ## N2ν ( + " " . #& " . P2P( (2( + " ! N6O5NO3 " # # ! @ ( (( 4 < #@ & " ## N2ν # ( (( * ## # @ !& " ! @ @ ( (1( * ## # & # αij 3( 3 # PP( r
!(2( + # " ( * A# ( !(( E @<( !(( E # & ?# "& ( !(1( E #. " & !< #!% ( !(F( * @ @ ? ! ( !(C( + !! &
. . # " ! ( !(B( + " 93+&F2( G!% 2( 3 . # A# 3( ! ""#!$ %& '() '(*+,(-., '('/,*-., '((0,0-., '1'),//-.2 '1* ! & #%34 " 35& %6 '1'),//-.2 7 89 ! & #%34 " 35& : ! 45 '1'),//-.2 ;3<<!= #>5? @A@B ">C !6 # #6 :% !3C%%34 ! 35& %6 '1'),//-.2 !? 2
4
2
!(:( 9 !( 2. A#& " ! / !< ?" ( !(=( < " #!% & " ? !< ? ( 4 #? " / !< ?" (
4 " ! < < ) (2( 93+&F2. ( G!% ( - / !! λ, . ω , != n J D34 */01,/ E/F)' FE,(F )11 D34 */)0,) E/((F FE,F( )11 G%34 *')1,/ E+(1+ E0,/( F111 >#4 '0E),1 F1('F E),F1 *1 '+01,F/ FE((F E',F+ '+**,/F FE(*F E',F' '+F/,E FE/F/ E(,') '/0/,1E FE0(' E(,1F '))1,F+ FFE*F EF,*) '**F,+' FF(E* EF,F1 ''/1,*+ FF'E/ EE,0+ '(0+,)F FF/FE EE,(1 !%4 '(*+,( FF0(+ E1,+1 (111 '('/,* F(11F E1,)* F11 '((0,F F(1') E1,*' E*1 2 '1'),// F'/1* ),'F −1
∆n ∼ 0, 03 − 0, 04.
ω
:!=
−1
)
6
rg
24000 rg rg
23000 22000 21000
rg
20000 19000 rg
18000 rg -
17000
7
10
15
20
25
n
. 93+&F2( (( 3 N6O5NO3 1C( G!% ( n
E',F+ E',F' E(,+E E(,'* E(,(( E(,1+ E(,1F EF,01
ωis
:!= ? −1
FE((F FE(*F FE*** FE/F/ FE/+' FE01* FE0(' FE001
∆ω = ω0 − ωis
E)1) E*+) E(+( EFEE EFEE E1(( E11' E11*
:!= ? J G2 :%!2 52? FF0(+ F),0 HIH E0,E HIH E),( HIH (1,E FF00* J FF0(+ (1,E HIH E11,1 FF00* 0,F*
ω0
−1
ωis
n
EF,+1 EF,*) EF,'' EF,(* EF,F1 EF,1+ EE,0+ EE,+) EE,)E EE,(1
:!= ? −1
∆ω = ω0 − ωis
FF1(+ FFE*F FFFE1 FFF*1 FF(E* FF(/E FF'E/ FF'/E FF*0F FF/FE
:!= ? J G2 :%!2 52? F(1(0 /,( FF0(+ F+,+ FF00* +,) F(1(0 *,) FF0(+ E*,* FF00* ),0 FF0(+ FE,* FF00* /,( FF0(+ ),0 HIH F0,1
ω0
E11E /+) /+* /+0 )F( )F' *FE *F' (') FE/
−1
(( 3 1F( n
E1,'1 0,+* 0,'F 0,(* 0,E1 +,00 +,0E +,'0 +,F' /,/E /,'F
G!% 1( ω :!= ? ∆ω = ω − ω F(10+ E)1/ F((FE E(+' F('0( EFEF F(*FE EE+' F()FF E1+( F())0 E1() F(/1E E11' F(+)/ +(+ F(0/1 /(* F'E+' *FE F'(1F '1( is
−1
0
is
ω0
:!= ? G2 F'/1* HKH HKH HKH HKH HKH HKH HKH HKH HKH HKH −1
(1( 3 J2 NNQ4( G!% F( n ω :!= ? ∆ω = ω − ω ω :!= ? G2 0,0+ F(F)+ E'(/ F'/1* 0,+* F((FE E(+' HKH 0,)/ F((0( E(EF HKH 0,'F F('0( EFEF HKH 0,(' F(*F' EE+E HKH 0,10 F()F) E1/0 HKH +,00 F())0 E1() HKH +,0E F(/1E E11' HKH +,)' F(+E1 +0* HKH +,'0 F(+)/ +(+ HKH +,(/ F(0E0 /+) HKH +,E( F'1E' )0E HKH /,0) F'1+( )FF HKH /,/E F'E+' *FE HKH /,*+ F'F(+ ')/ HKH is
−1
0
is
0
−1
(F( 3 H ?" &
RSR2( G!% C( n ω :!= ? ∆ω = ω − ω ω :!= ? G2 0,+* F((FE E(+' F'/1* 0,)/ F((0( E(EF HKH 0,'F F('0( EFEF HKH 0,F+ F(**1 EE** HKH +,00 F())0 E1() HKH +,0E F(/1E E11' HKH +,'0 F(+)/ +(+ HKH +,F( F(0/* /(1 HKH is
−1
0
is
0
−1
n
+,E( /,0) /,/E
:!= ? F'1E* F'1+( F'E+'
ωis
−1
∆ω = ω0 − ωis ω0
)01 )FF *FE
:!= ? G2 HKH HKH HKH −1
(C( 8! # " #!% ( " !==
A1
B1
G!% B( ν :!= ? J % 2 −1
*FE /+) E11' E1(1 EE+E EFEE E(+1 E*1' E)1* F)F1 (1*' (1)/ (1)/ (') )F( 0/1 E1+E EE** EF/+
1,F' E,1/ F,*' 1,/E1 J E,1*1 J J E,E01 J J J J J 1,FE* J J J J
J
3;!2 1,E// 1,+)( F,*'E 1,F// 1,FFE 1,F/) 1,1E' 1,11F 1,++* E,+E+ (,F/( +,*'0 (,+)0 1,1E' 1,10* 1,1() 1,1*) 1,10) 1,11*
" !==
ν
B1
A2
B2
:!= ?
J
E(EE E'(0 E')1 E*+) F0+1 (1(F (1/' '1* +'1 0/1 FE/ ')* )01 '(1 /(1 +0*
J J J 1,*F1' J J J 2 =2 J J 1,1/ J J J J J
−1
% 2
J
3;!2 1,11F 1,1F1 1,1*E 1,*F1 1,F/( F,//E 1,111 1,111 1,E1* 1,111 1,1/1 1,111 1,11* 1,1E1 1,1E1 1,1FE
(B( ! ( G!% :( 8 # " C σ ## C2ν σ z 2
yz
r
H
r
r
xz
rH
C2ν
rC
r
r
r
r r
A1 A2 B1 B2 N X
E
E E E E E* (0
C2z
E E
σ(xz)
σ(yz)
−1
−1
E
−1
E
−1
−1
* (
E( E(
E
−1
E * *
r
89
3
X(E) = (15 − 2)(1 + 2 cos 0) = 39, X(C2) = (5 − 2)(1 + 2 cos π/2) = 3, X(σxz ) = 13(−1 + 2 cos 0) = 13, X(σyz ) = 5(−1 + 2 cos 0) = 5. 1 nA1 = (39 + 3 + 13 + 5) = 15, 4 1 nA2 = (39 + 3 − 13 − 5) = 6, 4 1 nB1 = (39 − 3 + 13 − 5) = 11, 4 1 nB2 = (39 − 3 − 13 + 5) = 7, 4 Γ = 15A1 + 6A2 + 11B1 + 7B2.
T !" 15 + 6 + 11 + 7 = 39( T ! @ " ! 3N − 6 = 39( N H # . ?@ # "& # ?" % ## ( (:( G # αxy !" ## A1. A2. B1. B2( G #!% βxy (A1). βxy (A2). βxy (B1). βxy (B2)( ,9G57G*7 2( PP 4 . 2=F=( B. 1:B( ( PP *D8. 2=CF( :C. (