World Health Statistics 2007

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53865

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WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data World health statistics 2007. 1.Health status indicators. 2.World health. 3.Health services - statistics. 4.Mortality. 5.Life expectancy. 6.Demography. 7.Statistics. I.World Health Organization.

ISBN 978 92 4 156340 6 ISBN 978 92 4 068211 5 (electronic version)

(NLM classiﬁcation: WA 900.1)

© World Health Organization 2007 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of speciﬁc companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. This publication was produced by the Department of Measurement and Health Information Systems of the Information, Evidence and Research Cluster, under the overall direction of Ties Boerma and Kenji Shibuya, in collaboration with WHO technical programmes and regional ofﬁces, and assisted by Zoe Brillantes, Maria Guraiib, Mie Inoue, Yohannes Kinfu and Doris Ma Fat. Valuable inputs to the statistical highlights in Part 1 were received from Monika Bloessner, Ties Boerma, Somnath Chatterji, Mercedes de Onis, Christopher Dye, Christopher Fitzpatrick, Charu Garg, Mehran Hosseini, Ahmadreza Hosseinpoor, Mie Inoue, Yohannes Kinfu, Doris Ma Fat, Colin Mathers, Ritu Sadana, Kenji Shibuya, Tessa Tan-Torres and Catherine Watt. Maps were produced by the Public Health Mapping and Geographic Information Systems team, Communicable Disease and Surveillance. Contributors to the statistical tables in Part 2 were: Michel Beusenberg, Monika Bloessner, Cynthia Boschi Pinto, Claire Chauvin, Mercedes de Onis, Christopher Dye, Christopher Fitzpatrick, Marta Gacic Dobo, Charu Garg, Chika Hayashi, Mehran Hosseini, Ahmadreza Hosseinpoor, Chandika Indikadahena, Mie Inoue, Yohannes Kinfu, Teena Kunjumen, Doris Ma Fat, Colin Mathers, Chizuru Nishida, Vladimir Pozniak, Eva Rehfuess, Dag Rekve, Leanne Riley, Lale Say, Kenji Shibuya, Jonathan Siekmann, Jacqueline Sims, Yves Souteyrand, Tessa Tan-Torres, Jeanette Vega, Catherine Watt, and many staff in WHO country ofﬁces, governmental departments and agencies and international institutions. Additional help and advice were kindly provided by regional ofﬁces and members of their staff, including Yok-Ching Chong, Anton Fric, Remigijus Prochorskas, Saher Shuqaidef, William SoumbeyAlley and Fernando Zacarias. The publication was edited by Miriam Pinchuk. Editorial and production support was provided by the Department of Knowledge Management and Sharing, including Caroline Allsopp, Ian Coltart, Laragh Gollogly, Maryvonne Grisetti, Sophie Guetaneh Aguettant, Hooman Momen, and Catherine Roch. The web site version and other electronic media were provided by the Digital Publishing Solution, Ltd. Proofreading was by Melanie Lauckner. We also thank Susan Piccolo and Petra Schuster for their administrative support.

Printed in France

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Table of Contents Introduction

7

Part 1. Ten statistical highlights in global public health

9

1. Monitoring progress: appropriate use of health statistics 2. People living with HIV: better data, better estimates 3. Future health: projected deaths for selected causes to 2030 4. Child undernutrition: where are we now? 5. Levels and causes of death: ﬁlling data gaps 6. Tobacco use and poverty: high prevalence among the world’s poorest 7. Mental illness: depression worsens the health of people with chronic illness 8. Inequalities in health: understanding their determinants 9. Tuberculosis control: towards goals and targets 10. Health expenditure: meeting needs?

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

References

20

Part 2. World health statistics Health status: mortality

21 22

Life expectancy at birth (years) Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birth (years) Probability of dying aged 15–60 years per 1 000 population (adult mortality rate) Probability of dying aged < 5 years per 1 000 live births (under-5 mortality rate) Infant mortality rate (per 1 000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1 000 live births) Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births) Deaths due to HIV/AIDS (per 100 000 population per year) Deaths due to tuberculosis among HIV-negative people (per 100 000 population per year) Deaths due to tuberculosis among HIV-positive people (per 100 000 population per year) Age-standardized mortality rate by cause (per 100 000 population) Distribution of years of life lost by broader causes (%) Distribution of causes of death among children aged < 5 years (%)

Health status: morbidity

32

HIV prevalence among adults aged ≥ 15 years (per 100 000 population) Prevalence of tuberculosis (per 100 000 population) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100 000 population per year) Number of conﬁrmed cases of poliomyelitis

3

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Table of Contents Health service coverage

36

Immunization coverage among 1-year-olds with one dose of measles (%) Immunization coverage among 1-year-olds with three doses of diphtheria, tetanus toxoid and pertussis (DTP3) (%) Immunization coverage among 1-year-olds with three doses of Hepatitis B (HepB3) (%) Antenatal care coverage (%) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Contraceptive prevalence rate (%) Children aged < 5 years sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (%) Antiretroviral therapy coverage among people with advanced HIV infections (%) HIV-infected pregnant women who received antiretrovirals for PMTCT (%) Tuberculosis detection rate under DOTS (%) Tuberculosis treatment success under DOTS (%) Children aged < 5 years with ARI symptoms taken to facility (%) Children aged < 5 years with diarrhoea receiving ORT (%) Children aged < 5 years with fever who received treatment with any antimalarial (%) Children 6–59 months who received vitamin A supplementation (%) Births by Caesarean section (%)

Risk factors

46

Children aged < 5 years stunted for age (%) Children aged < 5 years underweight for age (%) Children aged < 5 years overweight for age (%) Low-birthweight newborns (%) Adults aged ≥ 15 years who are obese (%) Access to improved drinking water sources (%) Access to improved sanitation (%) Population using solid fuels (%) Prevalence of current tobacco use in adolescents (13–15 years) (%) Prevalence of current tobacco use among adults (≥ 15 years) (%) Per capita recorded alcohol consumption (litres of pure alcohol) among adults (≥ 15 years) Prevalence of condom use by young people (15–24 years) at higher risk sex (%)

Health systems

56

Human resources for health Physicians; Nurses; Midwives; Dentists; Pharmacists; Public and environmental health workers; Community health workers; Laboratory health workers; Other health workers; Health management and support workers 4

56

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Table of Contents Health expenditure ratios Total expenditure on health as % of gross domestic product General government expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health Private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditure External resources for health as % of total expenditure on health Social security expenditure on health as % of general government expenditure on health Out-of-pocket expenditure as % of private expenditure on health Private prepaid plans as % of private expenditure on health Health expenditure aggregates Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$) Per capita total expenditure on health at international dollar rate Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$) Per capita government expenditure on health at international dollar rate Coverage of vital registration of deaths (%) Hospital beds (per 10 000 population)

Inequities in health

64

65

65 65

74

Probability of dying aged < 5 years per 1 000 live births (under-5 mortality rate) by place of residence; by wealth quintile; by educational level of mother Children aged < 5 years stunted for age (%) by place of residence; by wealth quintile; by educational level of mother Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) by place of residence; by wealth quintile; by educational level of mother Measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds by place of residence; by wealth quintile; by educational level of mother

Demographic and socioeconomic statistics Population (thousands) Annual population growth rate (%) Population in urban areas (%) Total fertility rate (per woman) Adolescent fertility rate (%) Adult literacy rate (%) Net primary school enrolment ratio (%) Gross national income per capita (international$) Population living below the poverty line (% living on < US$1 per day)

5

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Introduction World health statistics 2007 presents the most recent health statistics for WHO’s 193 Member States. This third edition includes a section with 10 highlights of global health statistics for the past year as well as an expanded set of 50 health statistics. World health statistics 2007 has been collated from publications and databases produced by WHO’s technical programmes and regional ofﬁces. The core set of indicators was selected on the basis of their relevance to global health, the availability and quality of the data, and the accuracy and comparability of estimates. The statistics for the indicators are derived from an interactive process of data collection, compilation, quality assessment and estimation occurring among WHO’s technical programmes and its Member States. During this process, WHO strives to maximize the accessibility, accuracy, comparability and transparency of health statistics.1 In addition to national statistics, this publication presents statistics on the distribution of selected health outcomes and interventions within countries, disaggregated by gender, age, urban versus rural setting, wealth, and educational level. Such statistics are primarily derived from analyses of household surveys and are available only for a limited number of countries. We envisage that the number of countries reporting disaggregated data will increase during the next few years. The core indicators do not aim to capture all relevant aspects of health but to provide a comprehensive summary of the current status of a population’s health and the health system at country level. These indicators include: mortality outcomes, morbidity outcomes, risk factors, coverage of selected health interventions, health systems, inequalities in health, and demographic and socioeconomic statistics. All statistics have been cleared as WHO’s ofﬁcial ﬁgures in consultation with Member States unless otherwise stated. WHO’s estimates use data from publicly accessible databases, peer-reviewed methods of estimation, and consultation with experts around the world. The estimates published here should, however, still be regarded as best estimates made by WHO rather than the ofﬁcial view of Member States. As the demand for timely, reliable and comparable information on key health statistics continues to increase, users need to be well informed about the deﬁnitions used and the quality and limitations of health statistics. More detailed information, including a compendium of statistics and an online version of this publication, is available from WHO’s Statistical Information System (http://www.who.int/statistics). The web site also includes information on how each statistic is derived. The online version of World health statistics 2007 will be updated regularly, and it includes the most recent estimates and time-series of relevant health statistics. The online version also provides, whenever possible, metadata describing the sources of data, estimation methods and quality of estimates. It is hoped that careful scrutiny and use of the statistics presented in this report will lead to progressively better measurement of relevant indicators of population health and health systems.

1. To meet these objectives, WHO has initiated the organization-wide Programme on Health Statistics. For more information, see http://www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/programme/en/index.html. 7

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Part 1 Ten statistical highlights in global public health

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1. Monitoring progress: appropriate use of health statistics How the maternal mortality ratio was estimated in 20004

Estimation of under-ﬁve mortality rates from recent data: Malawi1–3 Under-ﬁve mortality rate per 1 000 live births

450 400

Regression model of covariates 39%

350

Complete vital registration data 35%

300 250

Reproductive age mortality studies 8%

200

Household surveys or censuses 18%

150 100

Note: The maternal mortality ratio was estimated for 173 countries.

Best estimate

50 0 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Year

Note: Each point in the ﬁgure is a mortality rate for children under 5 years of age (under-ﬁve mortality rate) derived from questions in household surveys or censuses about the survival history of children (direct method) or from questions on children ever born and still alive in the household (indirect method).

The ability to monitor progress towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) depends primarily on data availability. There is a stark contrast between the data available about the under-ﬁve mortality rate, the indicator for MDG 4, and the maternal mortality ratio, against which MDG 5 is monitored. Under-ﬁve mortality rates are derived from vital registration systems, censuses and household surveys.1 In most countries, there are data points available over time, and these are analysed to obtain the best current estimate. Uncertainty occurs when there is a need to project estimates forward to the current year since the most recent data generally refer to a few years earlier. Measuring the maternal mortality ratio has been a greater challenge because, compared with deaths among children, maternal deaths are rare events. In countries without a complete death registration system and medical certiﬁcation, large-scale household surveys or censuses using verbal autopsy techniques provide estimates of the ratio, since facility-based statistics are inherently biased. Even then, much uncertainty remains. As a consequence, the global estimate of the maternal mortality ratio is published only once every ﬁve years, and in 2000, 40% of countries’ estimates were based on ﬁgures predicted by regression.4 The ability to reliably assess trends in maternal mortality is limited. For monitoring, it is important to distinguish between corrected and predicted statistics.5,6 Corrected statistics use adjustments made for known biases and, if needed, are based on a systematic reconciliation of data from multiple sources using established, transparent methods. Predicted statistics use a set of assumptions about the association between other factors and the quantity of interest, such as maternal mortality, to ﬁll gaps in the data over time (projecting into the present or future) or space (from one population with data to another with limited or no data). Predicted statistics are not suitable for monitoring progress. Unfortunately, the MDG monitoring process relies heavily on predicted statistics.5 This mismatch was created partly by the demand for more timely statistics and partly by the lack of data and good measurement strategies for certain statistics. It is crucial for the international community to invest in data collection and use indicators that are valid, reliable and comparable; the international community must also have well-deﬁned measurement strategies for monitoring progress and evaluating health programmes.7 10

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

2. People living with HIV: better data, better estimates Number of people living with HIV: comparing past and current estimates8–14 50

Past estimates

Number of people infected (millions)

Current estimates

40

30

20

10

0 2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Year

The exact number of people living with HIV is unknown despite the fact that HIV infection can easily be diagnosed by a widely used antibody test. Achieving 100% certainty about the number of people living with HIV globally would require testing every person in the world for HIV every year. Nonetheless, we can estimate the number by using data from different sources, such as surveillance of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics, household surveys with HIV testing and sentinel surveillance among populations at higher risk of HIV infection. UNAIDS and WHO, in close consultation with countries, employ a standardized method for obtaining estimates of HIV prevalence among men and women. An increasing number of countries have adopted these methods to develop their own national estimates. But an estimate is only as good as the data. As more complete data become available, past estimates may need to be adjusted. This is the case for the AIDS epidemic. The bars in the ﬁgure estimate the number of people infected with HIV at the time of publication of each annual AIDS epidemic update since 2000.8–14 The line shows the best estimates for each year that were made in 2006 in the most recent update: this reveals not only that the size of the epidemic had been overestimated previously but also that it is still growing. The ranges around the estimates reﬂect the degree of uncertainty about global HIV estimates. Improvements in recent estimates are the result of revisions made using better data. These revisions used data from national population-based surveys and beneﬁted from improvements in the quality and coverage of sentinel surveillance systems in many countries. The latest estimates cannot be compared directly with estimates published previously. It would be incorrect to derive a trend by comparing the bars. The 2006 estimates for this year and past years (indicated by the line) are more accurate than those produced in previous years since they are based on improved methods and used more data than earlier estimates. The need to exercise caution is not unusual when comparing global estimates of disease over time. 11

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3. Future health: projected deaths for selected causes to 2030 Projected global deaths for selected causes of death, 2002–203015

Projected global deaths (millions)

12

Cancers Ischaemic heart disease

10

8

Stroke HIV/AIDS

6

Tuberculosis

4

Other infectious diseases

Malaria

Road traffic accidents

2

0 2000

2010

2020

2030

Year

Predicted statistics have an important and useful role in helping to inform planning and strategic decisionmaking, and in prioritizing research and development issues. According to projections carried out by WHO and published in early 2006,15 the world will experience a substantial shift in the distribution of deaths from younger age groups to older age groups, and from communicable diseases to noncommunicable diseases during the next 25 years. Large declines in mortality are projected to occur between 2002 and 2030 for all of the principal communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional causes, with the exception of HIV/AIDS. Global deaths from HIV/AIDS are projected to rise from 2.8 million in 2002 to 6.5 million in 2030 under a baseline scenario that assumes antiretroviral drug coverage reaches 80% by 2012. Although age-speciﬁc death rates for most noncommunicable diseases are projected to decline, the ageing of the global population will result in signiﬁcant increases in the total number of deaths caused by most noncommunicable diseases over the next 30 years. Overall, noncommunicable conditions will account for almost 70% of all deaths in 2030 under the baseline scenario. The projected 40% increase in global deaths resulting from injury between 2002 and 2030 is predominantly due to the increasing number of deaths from road trafﬁc accidents. The four leading causes of death globally in 2030 are projected to be ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease (stroke), HIV/AIDS and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The total number of tobaccoattributable deaths is projected to rise from 5.4 million in 2005 to 6.4 million in 2015 and to 8.3 million in 2030. Tobacco is projected to kill 50% more people in 2015 than HIV/AIDS and to be responsible for 10% of all deaths.

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4. Child undernutrition: where are we now? Geographical pattern of stunting in children under 5 years of age16

The release of WHO’s new Child Growth Standards (http://www.who.int/childgrowth/en) has an impact on estimates of undernutrition among children. Global, regional and country estimates have been recalculated using the new standards, which include data from 388 national surveys in 139 countries.16 In 2005, in all developing countries 32% of children under 5 years of age (178 million children) were estimated to be stunted (that is, their height fell –2 standard deviations below the median height-for-age of the reference population). In that year, more than 40% of stunting was found in the WHO regions of Africa and South-East Asia, around 25% in the Eastern Mediterranean Region and 10–15% in the regions of the Americas and the Western Paciﬁc. Of the 39 countries with a prevalence of stunting of 40% and higher, 22 are in the African Region, 7 in South-East Asia, 4 in the Eastern Mediterranean, 4 in the Western Paciﬁc, and 1 each in Europe and in the Americas. Of the 35 countries with a stunting prevalence lower than 20%, 13 are in the Region of the Americas, 11 in Europe, 6 in the Eastern Mediterranean, 3 in the Western Paciﬁc and 2 in South-East Asia. Wasting (deﬁned as being –2 standard deviations below the median of weight-for-height) is a sign of acute malnutrition and is a strong predictor of mortality among children. The global estimate of wasting occurring among children under 5 years of age based on WHO’s new standards is 10% (or 55 million). The highest number of affected children – 29 million – is estimated to live in south–central Asia. The same regional pattern is found for severe wasting (deﬁned as being –3 standard deviations below the median), with an estimated total prevalence of 4% – or 19 million – children affected. Many of these children are likely to die before reaching the age of 5 years. In general, compared with estimates based on the previous international reference, stunting rates are higher for all age groups when the new WHO standards are used. Additionally, the prevalences of wasting and severe wasting are higher during the ﬁrst half of infancy with the new WHO standards; and thereafter severe wasting rates continue to be 1.5 to 2.5 times higher than those of the previous reference.

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5. Levels and causes of death: ﬁlling data gaps Quality of cause-of-death information from national civil registration systems, based on latest data received from WHO Member States, circa 200317,19

Note: The criteria used to assess the quality of cause-of-death information are valid for data from national civil registration systems. Therefore, they do not apply to China and India since they report data from sample registration systems, which cover < 10% of their populations.

Accurate and timely data on deaths and causes of death with medical certiﬁcation are essential. WHO collects information on causes of death from its Member States annually. However, for more than a fourth of the world’s population – largely located in Africa, South-East Asia and the Middle East – there are no recent data available to WHO, and these are the areas where much of the burden of disease falls. Altogether, 115 Member States have some form of death registration known to WHO; this includes China and India, which also have sample vital registration systems. There are delays in compiling, analysing and reporting these statistics: by 2007 WHO had received reports for 2004 or 2005 for 64 (56%) countries. An assessment of the quality of cause-of-death information by WHO suggested that ideal systems operate in only 29 of 115 countries that report such statistics to WHO; these systems represent less than 13% of the world’s population.17 In the remaining countries mortality statistics suffer from one or more of the following problems: incomplete registration of births and deaths, lay reporting of the cause of death, poor coverage and incorrect reporting of ages. The ultimate goals should be to establish complete vital registration with medical certiﬁcation of deaths in all countries. National governments, with the support of international organizations, need to continue to make efforts to improve the coverage and quality of vital registration systems. At the same time, complementary approaches to complete vital registration are needed to respond to the demand for timely information and to assess the performance of the systems themselves. WHO, in collaboration with its partners, is stepping up efforts to improve the quality of data that underlies its overall estimates of mortality by age, sex and cause.18 Such efforts include making better use of household surveys and censuses, implementing standardized verbal autopsy instruments, and using data from partial vital registration and sources other than vital registration. 14

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

6. Tobacco use and poverty: high prevalence among the world’s poorest

50

14 000

1st quintile (poorest) 5th quintile (richest) Per capita GDP

40

12 000 10 000

30

8 000 6 000

20

4 000 10

2 000

0

0 SEAR

AFR

WPR EMR WHO region*

AMR

Per capita gross domestic product, 2004 (international $)

Prevalence of daily tobacco smoking, 2003–2004 (%)

Daily tobacco smoking among adults aged 18 years and older, by income quintile and WHO region20

EUR

SEAR, South-East Asia; AFR, African; EMR, Eastern Mediterranean; WPR, Western Pacific; AMR, Americas; EUR, European.

Health inequalities refer to differences in health status or in the distribution of health determinants between different populations. The burden of disease attributable to tobacco use weighs increasingly heavily on populations in developing economies. According to the latest estimates, more than 80% of the 8.3 million deaths attributed to tobacco and projected to the year 2030 will occur in low-income and middle-income countries.15 Data on the prevalence of smoking among adults in developing countries are limited. WHO’s World Health Survey provides a valuable insight into the comparative prevalence among adults aged 18 and older.20 The results of the 2003–2004 survey indicate that daily tobacco smoking is most prevalent among the lowest-income households in developing economies – that is, among the poorest of the poor. Indeed, prevalence is highest among the poor in all WHO regions except the European Region. The difference in prevalence between the poor and the (relatively) rich is greatest among the group of South-East Asian countries surveyed, where average per capita income is lowest. The combination of a higher prevalence of tobacco use and more limited access to health resources results in severe health inequalities, and is likely to perpetuate the vicious circle of illness and poverty. Inequalities between and within countries in terms of the risk of infectious diseases now have been extended to inequalities in risk factors for noncommunicable diseases; this has implications for health systems at all levels.

* Surveyed countries in each region include: African Region (AFR): Burkina Faso, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe; Region of the Americas (AMR): Brazil, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Uruguay; Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR): Morocco, Pakistan, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates; European Region (EUR): Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Ukraine; South-East Asia Region (SEAR): Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Nepal; Western Paciﬁc Region (WPR): China, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Viet Nam. 15

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7. Mental illness: depression worsens the health of people with chronic illness Mean health score by disease status, World Health Survey 200320 Without depression

100

Mean health score (0–100)

With depression

80

60

40

20

0 No chronic condition

Depression

Asthma

Angina

Arthritis

Diabetes

Chronic disease

Depression is an important global public health problem due to both its relatively high lifetime prevalence and the signiﬁcant disability that it causes. In 2002, depression accounted for 4.5% of the worldwide total burden of disease (in terms of disability-adjusted life years). It is also responsible for the greatest proportion of burden attributable to non-fatal health outcomes, accounting for almost 12% of total years lived with disability worldwide.21 Without treatment, depression has the tendency to assume a chronic course, to recur, and to be associated with increasing disability over time. WHO’s World Health Survey collected data on health and health-related outcomes and their determinants in samples of adults aged 18 years and older.20 The prevalence of depression was estimated using criteria in the International statistical classiﬁcation of diseases and related health problems, tenth revision (ICD-10). The prevalences of four chronic physical diseases – angina, arthritis, asthma and diabetes – were also estimated. The ﬁgure shows the mean health score – where 0 is the worst level of health and 100 is the best level of health – for each disease with and without accompanying depression. Individuals without depression and without other conditions had a mean health score of 90. Respondents with only one of the chronic diseases had mean health scores of around 80. Respondents with depression but without chronic disease had the lowest mean health score (73). Respondents with depression and another chronic condition had much lower mean health scores when compared with respondents who had only a chronic condition. These patterns were consistent after adjusting for sociodemographic variables. This analysis does not tell us whether people are more depressed because they have a coexisting chronic condition. The timely diagnosis and treatment of depressive disorders are essential irrespective of causality. In many primary care settings when patients present with multiple disorders that include depression, the depression often remains undiagnosed, and even if it is diagnosed, treatment usually focuses on the other chronic diseases. Depression can be treated in primary care or community settings using locally available and cost-effective interventions. 16

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

8. Inequalities in health: understanding their determinants Stunting among children under 5 years of age, by household wealth quintile, Mozambique, 1999–200323

What contributes to inequity in childhood stunting?23 Other Mother’s occupation Region Household wealth Source of drinking water

60 50

90 80

40

Decomposing inequity in childhood stunting

Percentage of stunted children

100

30 20 10

35%

70 60

13%

50 16% 40 30

17%

20

0 1

2

3

4

5

10

Household wealth index quintiles

19%

0

Note: Household wealth index constructed using durable goods, type of materials used in housing ﬂoor and number of rooms divided by the number of household members. Wealth quintile 1 indicates the poorest and wealth quintile 5, the least poor.

Measuring socioeconomic inequalities in a population’s health is important because national averages often mask differences within and across subgroups. For policy purposes it is especially relevant to understand why unfair and avoidable inequalities (or inequities) exist and what actions may be taken to improve equity. Decomposition analysis is one approach used to quantify the contribution made by different factors to inequities in health; it takes into account the socioeconomic distribution of determinants of health and health indicators.22 Such analysis can serve as one input to aid in the development of evidence-based policies, relevant to a particular context or country, to reduce inequities. For example, decomposition analysis using data from the 2003 Demographic and Health Survey in Mozambique shows that the four biggest contributors to poor growth in children (deﬁned as height-for-age falling 2 standard deviations below the median of the reference population) stratiﬁed by household wealth are: source of drinking water (19%), household wealth itself (17%), geographical differences (16%) and mother’s occupation (13%).23 An additional 10 factors identiﬁed in the survey together contribute 35%. Using this technique to uncover inequities reveals that strategies to address contributing factors are likely to require collaborative and intersectoral actions that are not limited to health authorities or the health system. Describing health inequities and understanding their determinants require process and outcome data that can be disaggregated by different socioeconomic or demographic characteristics, as well as the ability to link data from different sectors in a country. WHO is contributing to these efforts by setting norms and standards, and providing technical assistance to Member States. 17

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9. Tuberculosis control: towards goals and targets 26 million TB patients treated but global targets narrowly missed in 200524 Global case detection 60% in 2005 Target reached in Western Paciﬁc Region

Global treatment success 84% in 2004–2005 Target reached in South-East Asia and Western Paciﬁc regions

70

100 Smear-positive treatment success rate (%)

Smear-positive case detection rate (%)

80

WHO 70% target

60 50 40 30 20 10 0

90 WHO 85% target

80

70

60

50 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

Year

Year

There were an estimated 8.8 million new tuberculosis (TB) cases in 2005, including 7.4 million in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. A total of 1.6 million people died of TB, including 195 000 patients infected with HIV. Using surveillance data, Global tuberculosis control: surveillance, planning, ﬁnancing draws four main conclusions about TB control programmes.24 First, although more than 26 million TB patients have been treated under WHO’s DOTS strategy, the world’s TB control programmes narrowly missed their 2005 targets for case detection (reaching 60% compared to the target of 70%) and cure (84% compared to the target of 85%). However, both targets were met in WHO’s Western Paciﬁc Region and in 26 countries including China, the Philippines and Viet Nam. Second, while the total number of patients diagnosed and treated in 2005 using DOTS approached the target, the number of patients known to be HIV positive or carrying multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) were far fewer than anticipated by The Global Plan to Stop TB 2006–2015.25 Therefore, major efforts are needed to step up collaborative activities between TB and HIV programmes and to manage MDR-TB and extensively drug-resistant TB. Third, the global TB epidemic appears to be on the threshold of decline. The incidence rate is now stable or falling in all WHO regions, including Africa and Europe. These ﬁndings, if robust, mean that MDG Target 8 (“Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases [including TB]”) will be met before 2015. However, the total number of new cases was still rising slowly in 2005 in WHO’s African, Eastern Mediterranean and South-East Asia regions. For reasons that are not fully understood, in Asian countries that report high rates of case detection and treatment success, the incidence has not been reduced as quickly as expected. This is linked to the fourth conclusion: the global burden of TB is not falling fast enough to satisfy the more demanding targets set by the Stop TB Partnership. At the current pace, 1990’s prevalence and mortality rates will not be halved worldwide by 2015. 18

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

10. Health expenditure: meeting needs? Percentage distribution of population, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and total health expenditure by WHO region and membership of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 200426 100

Population as % of world Number of DALYs as % of world Total health expenditure as % of world

% of world total

80

60

40

20 0 AFR

AMR

EMR

EUR

SEAR

WPR

OECD

Region AFR, African; AMR, Americas; EMR, Eastern Mediterranean; EUR, European; SEAR, South-East Asia; WPR, Western Pacific. Note: Totals for the following regions calculated after subtracting the 30 OECD members: Americas, European and Western Pacific. DALYs are from 2002.

In 2004, the world spent a total of US$ 4.1 trillion on health, which is equivalent to 4.9 trillion international dollars. (International dollars are used to account for the purchasing power of different national currencies.) The geographical distribution of ﬁnancial resources for health is uneven.26 There is a 20/90 syndrome in which 30 member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) make up less than 20% of the world’s population but spend 90% of the world’s resources on health. OECD countries spend a larger share of their gross domestic product on health, spending on average more than 11%, compared with 4.7% for countries in WHO’s African and South-East Asia regions. This translates to per capita spending of about 3080 international dollars (US$ 3170) in OECD countries compared with 102 international dollars (US$ 36) in countries in the African and South-East Asia regions, which are much poorer. Linking this spending to epidemiology, the ﬁgure shows that although poorer WHO regions, such as Africa and South-East Asia, account for the largest share of the global burden of disease (more than 50% of global disability-adjusted life years lost) and 37% of the world’s population, they spend about 2% of global resources on health. The Western Paciﬁc Region, excluding Australia, Japan, New Zealand and the Republic of Korea, accounts for 24% of the world’s population (which is dominated by China), about 18% of the global burden of disease but only 2% of the world’s health resources. The Region of the Americas and the European Region, excluding the OECD countries, account for about 12% of the world’s population, 11% of the global burden of disease and spend slightly less than 5% of health resources. Richer countries with smaller populations and lower disease burdens use more health resources than poorer countries with larger populations and higher disease burdens. This highlights the absolute need for additional resources for many poor countries and raises questions about the efﬁciency of spending on health in richer countries.

19

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References 1. Hill K et al. Trends in child mortality in the developing world: 1990 to 1996. New York, UNICEF, 1998. 2. United Nations Children’s Fund. State of the world’s children 2007. New York, United Nations Children’s Fund, 2006. 3. ORC Macro. Demographic and health survey: Malawi 2007. Calverton, MD, ORC Macro, 2007. 4. Maternal mortality in 2000: estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF and UNFPA. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004. 5. Murray CJ. Towards good practice for health statistics: lessons from the Millennium Development Goal health indicators. Lancet, 2007, 369:862–873. 6. Advisory Committee on Health Monitoring and Statistics: meeting report. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2006 (http://www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/healthinfoachmsreport20061214-15.pdf, accessed 4 April 2007). 7. Boerma JT, Stansﬁeld SK. Health statistics now: are we making the right investments? Lancet, 2007, 369:779–786. 8. AIDS epidemic update: December 2000. Geneva, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, World Health Organization, 2000 (WHO/CDS/CSR/EDC/2000.9). 9. AIDS epidemic update: December 2001. Geneva, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, World Health Organization, 2001 (WHO/CDS/CSR/NCS/2001.2). 10. AIDS epidemic update: December 2002. Geneva, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, World Health Organization, 2002 (UNAIDS/02.58E). 11. AIDS epidemic update: December 2003. Geneva, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, World Health Organization, 2003 (UNAIDS/03.39E). 12. AIDS epidemic update: December 2004. Geneva, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, World Health Organization, 2004 (UNAIDS/04.16E). 13. AIDS epidemic update: December 2005. Geneva, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, World Health Organization, 2005 (UNAIDS/05.19E). 14. AIDS epidemic update: December 2006. Geneva, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, World Health Organization, 2006 (UNAIDS/06.29E). 15. Mathers CD, Loncar D. Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Medicine [online journal], 2006, 3(11):e442 (http://medicine.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442, accessed 4 April 2007). 16. Global database on child growth and malnutrition [online database]. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007 (http://www.who.int/nutgrowthdb/database/en, accessed 4 April 2007). 17. Mathers CD et al. Counting the dead and what they died from: an assessment of the global status of cause of death data. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2005, 83:171–177. 18. Shibuya K. Counting the dead is essential for health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2006, 84:170–171. 19. WHO mortality database: tables [online database]. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007 (http://www.who.int/healthinfo/morttables/en/index.html, accessed 4 April 2007). 20. WHO survey data centre: World Health Survey. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007 (http://surveydata.who.int/, accessed 4 April 2007). 21. Revised global burden of disease (GBD) 2002 estimates. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2005 (http://www.who.int/healthinfo/bodgbd2002revised/en/index.html, accessed 4 April 2007). 22. Hosseinpoor AR et al. Decomposing socioeconomic inequality in infant mortality in Iran. International Journal of Epidemiology, 2006, 35:1211–1219. 23. A WHO report on inequities in maternal and child health in Mozambique. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007. 24. Global tuberculosis control: surveillance, planning, ﬁnancing. WHO report 2007. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007 (WHO/HTM/TB/2007.376). 25. The Global Plan to Stop TB 2006–2015. Geneva, Stop TB Partnership, World Health Organization, 2006 (WHO/HTM/ STB/2006.35). 26. National health accounts. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007 (http://www.who.int/nha, accessed 4 April 2007).

20

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WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

Part 2 World health statistics

21

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83347-9473

Health status: mortality

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Member State

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d’Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus

WHO region

EMR EUR AFR EUR AFR AMR AMR EUR WPR EUR EUR AMR EMR SEAR AMR EUR EUR AMR AFR SEAR AMR EUR AFR AMR WPR EUR AFR AFR WPR AFR AMR AFR AFR AFR AMR WPR AMR AFR AFR WPR AMR AFR EUR AMR EUR

Life expectancy at birtha (years)

Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birthb (years)

Infant Neonatal Probability of dying Probability mortality mortality of dying aged 15–60 yearsa a rate aged ratec per 1 000 < 5 years (per 1 000 (per 1 000 population per 1 000 (adult mortality live live live birthsa rate) births) births) (under-5 mortality rate)

Maternal mortality ratiod (per 100 000 live births)

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Both sexes

Both sexes

Both sexes

2005

2005

2002

2002

2005

2005

2005

2005

2004

2000

42 73 72 84 41 75 78 72 84 82 67 76 76 63 78 75 82 74 53 65 67 77 41 75 79 76 49 48 57 51 83 72 42 48 81 74 78 67 55 75 80 47 79 79 82

35 59 60 70 32 60 62 59 71 69 56 61 64 55 63 57 69 58 43 53 54 62 36 57 65 63 35 33 46 41 70 59 37 40 65 63 58 54 45 61 65 38 64 67 67

36 63 62 75 35 64 68 63 74 74 59 66 64 53 68 65 73 62 45 53 55 66 35 62 66 67 36 37 49 42 74 63 38 42 70 65 66 55 47 63 69 41 69 70 68

504 167 151 107 583 189 162 249 84 111 187 254 111 251 192 366 120 244 394 250 245 186 758 225 103 213 428 481 429 444 90 288 613 466 128 155 179 252 430 153 125 573 166 128 94

448 98 123 45 512 117 86 109 47 55 121 142 75 258 104 133 64 135 358 190 180 88 750 118 77 92 388 419 297 434 56 132 605 407 64 98 87 180 398 102 73 497 65 83 45

257 18 39 6 260 12 16 29 6 5 89 15 11 73 12 9 5 17 150 75 65 15 120 33 9 15 191 190 143 149 6 35 193 208 10 27 21 71 108 20 12 196 7 7 5

165 16 34 6 154 11 14 26 5 4 74 13 9 54 11 7 4 15 89 65 52 13 86 28 8 12 96 114 98 87 5 26 115 124 8 23 17 53 79 17 11 118 6 5 4

60 9 22 2 54 8 10 18 3 3 35 5 4 36 8 3 2 17 36 30 24 10 46 13 4 7 32 41 48 30 3 9 52 42 5 18 13 25 30 10 8 64 5 4 2

1 900 55 140 ... 1 700 ... 70 55 6 5 94 60 33 380 95 36 10 140 850 420 420 31 100 260 37 32 1 000 1 000 450 730 5 150 1 100 1 100 30 56 130 480 510 ... 25 690 10 33 47

42 69 70 77 39 70 72 65 79 77 64 70 73 62 71 63 76 67 52 62 63 70 42 68 76 69 48 46 51 50 78 67 42 46 74 71 71 62 54 70 75 42 72 75 77

22

Female

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

Injuries

Other

2002

2002

2002

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

134 64 85 31 231 35 52 39 35 38 29 73 37 101 30 154 45 79 116 112 80 43 72 81 33 42 149 301 72 118 34 39 146 131 50 79 141 83 147 38 55 179 48 54 33

76 17 50 6 84 21 18 13 5 3 36 35 10 60 26 7 5 40 82 65 55 7 93 30 16 5 87 81 72 81 6 51 84 85 17 23 25 70 79 29 22 78 5 10 12

18 63 30 80 8 69 66 78 77 83 58 45 68 28 65 68 80 41 10 25 34 81 4 50 63 87 7 7 22 11 80 37 9 8 64 56 35 18 11 57 57 11 84 73 74

6 20 20 14 8 10 17 9 17 14 6 20 22 12 10 25 15 19 8 10 11 13 3 20 21 9 7 12 6 8 15 12 7 7 19 21 40 12 11 13 21 10 11 17 14

26.0 52.8 48.0 ... 22.2 25.3 56.5 48.4 55.6 56.0 44.1 43.5 46.0 45.4 63.8 37.5 50.1 49.0 25.0 38.9 37.9 52.7 40.3 38.0 63.7 47.3 18.3 23.3 29.8 24.8 58.5 25.9 27.2 24.0 52.8 49.2 62.1 37.3 30.9 96.1 58.7 34.9 65.3 49.9 61.5

0.3 0.0 0.0 ... 2.2 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.3 0.2 0.0 1.7 3.2 0.5 1.0 2.2 0.7 0.1 0.0 53.8 0.3 0.0 0.0 4.0 8.0 2.0 7.2 0.0 3.7 12.4 4.1 0.1 0.1 1.4 3.7 9.3 0.0 0.2 5.6 0.0 0.0 0.1

18.9 10.5 11.9 ... 19.1 2.4 1.3 10.5 0.1 0.0 15.3 0.8 0.7 20.0 0.0 1.5 0.3 3.5 17.1 20.9 14.3 0.6 1.1 12.0 1.1 2.3 18.8 18.2 16.6 17.3 0.2 12.2 14.7 18.1 0.5 11.8 10.3 13.6 11.2 0.7 3.0 14.8 0.3 1.3 3.2

5.9 0.1 0.9 ... 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.3 1.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.4 3.0 2.3 4.1 0.0 4.4 6.5 7.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 5.9 6.6 0.5 0.0 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

1.0 0.4 0.5 ... 8.3 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27.2 0.8 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 20.3 8.4 0.9 22.8 0.0 4.3 18.5 22.3 0.0 0.4 0.2 19.4 25.7 0.0 0.0 20.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

24.8 10.6 13.7 ... 24.8 1.5 3.4 11.8 1.2 0.7 18.4 5.3 1.4 17.6 0.0 9.0 0.8 6.9 21.1 18.8 17.1 2.5 1.4 13.2 0.7 16.1 23.3 22.8 20.6 21.5 1.1 13.3 18.7 22.8 6.2 13.4 10.4 16.3 13.6 1.1 4.0 19.6 1.3 4.1 1.7

1.1 4.4 5.0 ... 1.4 2.4 7.7 5.8 10.6 8.4 1.3 13.0 10.2 2.7 1.7 18.1 9.7 9.8 2.1 2.4 5.1 3.7 3.3 3.2 9.2 5.2 1.5 1.8 1.7 2.2 7.2 3.5 2.0 1.8 9.1 8.4 4.6 3.4 2.6 0.2 3.9 2.2 8.5 7.9 5.4

22.1 21.2 20.0 ... 17.2 67.4 30.8 22.7 32.5 34.9 19.7 32.1 41.5 11.4 32.8 30.8 38.7 29.9 0.0 16.3 24.7 40.5 0.0 32.8 25.4 29.1 10.4 14.6 26.1 0.0 32.9 32.6 0.0 0.1 31.2 16.3 11.0 0.5 0.0 1.4 30.1 0.0 24.6 36.9 28.2

Both sexes

23

Measles

2002

153 154 103 126 179 144 142 146 127 127 113 112 127 111 135 143 148 147 154 112 256 121 124 142 114 125 162 146 148 150 138 127 154 156 137 148 117 128 134 69 125 160 167 129 94

Diarrhoeal diseases

2002

706 537 314 125 486 343 212 498 140 204 613 222 312 428 245 592 162 317 432 441 260 492 338 341 210 554 459 439 392 436 141 356 445 443 165 291 240 381 393 326 185 436 356 215 354

HIV/AIDS

2002

1 269 814 598 369 982 717 521 800 362 406 892 490 746 762 535 839 427 651 852 771 824 699 653 712 517 756 901 843 853 848 388 692 863 869 453 665 511 736 762 616 457 873 613 435 530

Both sexes

Injuries

2002

<1 ... <1 ... 9 ... <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 2 <1 <1 ... 48 1 <1 ... 9 18 6 8 <1 ... 43 16 <1 <1 <1 <1 18 ... <1 30 ... <1 ...

Injuries

2005

35 3 2 2 27 <1 5 10 <1 1 10 5 4 47 1 8 1 4 14 19 31 8 39 7 5 5 50 65 81 15 <1 37 48 54 1 15 7 7 51 3 1 69 6 <1 <1

Cancer

Pneumonia

Neonatal diseases

Non-communicable diseases

Communicable diseasesl

Distribution of causes of death among children aged < 5 yearsk,m (%)

Malaria

2005

Distribution of YLL by broader causesh,j,k (%)

2005

Both sexes <10 ... <10 ... 188 ... 11 <50 <10 <10 <10 <200 ... <10 <200 ... <10 <200 114 <10 <10 ... 1 020 8 <50 ... 91 172 114 282 <10 ... 594 113 <10 2 18 <50 275 ... <10 358 ... <10 ...

Cardio-vascular diseases

Age-standardized mortality rate by causeh,i (per 100 000 population) Non-communicable diseases

TB among HIVpositive peopleg

TB among HIVnegative peoplef

HIV/AIDSe

Cause-speciﬁc mortality rate (per 100 000 population)

Both sexes

56835

83347-9473

Health status: mortality

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Member State

46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

Czech Republic Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati

WHO region

EUR SEAR AFR EUR EMR AMR AMR AMR EMR AMR AFR AFR EUR AFR WPR EUR EUR AFR AFR EUR EUR AFR EUR AMR AMR AFR AFR AMR AMR AMR EUR EUR SEAR SEAR EMR EMR EUR EUR EUR AMR WPR EMR EUR AFR WPR

Life expectancy at birtha (years)

Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birthb (years)

Infant Neonatal Probability of dying Probability mortality mortality of dying aged 15–60 yearsa ratea aged ratec per 1 000 < 5 years (per 1 000 (per 1 000 population per 1 000 (adult mortality live live live birthsa rate) births) births) (under-5 mortality rate)

Maternal mortality ratiod (per 100 000 live births)

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Both sexes

Both sexes

Both sexes

Female

2005

2005

2002

2002

2005

2005

2005

2005

2004

2000

79 68 48 80 56 76 72 75 70 74 47 63 78 53 72 82 84 57 57 75 82 58 82 70 71 55 48 64 56 70 77 83 64 69 73 ...n 81 82 84 74 86 73 69 51 68

66 58 35 69 43 62 57 60 58 57 45 49 59 41 57 69 69 50 48 62 70 49 69 58 55 44 40 53 43 56 62 72 53 57 56 49 68 70 71 64 72 60 53 44 52

71 60 39 71 43 66 62 64 60 62 46 51 69 42 61 74 75 53 51 67 74 50 73 60 60 46 41 57 44 61 68 74 54 59 59 51 72 72 75 66 78 62 59 45 56

156 231 501 116 384 192 254 205 237 229 484 337 281 413 265 136 128 440 367 180 110 355 110 253 295 367 483 265 415 266 256 73 280 234 180 ... 91 91 89 182 92 186 437 464 296

70 168 425 70 336 111 138 124 155 123 438 271 100 348 166 62 58 406 301 69 57 322 47 216 166 334 423 249 335 161 107 50 207 196 112 ...n 57 50 46 117 45 119 194 483 173

4 55 205 5 133 15 31 25 33 27 205 78 7 164 18 4 5 91 137 45 5 112 5 21 43 150 200 63 120 40 8 3 74 36 36 ...n 5 5 4 20 4 26 31 120 65

3 42 129 4 88 13 26 22 28 23 123 50 6 109 16 3 4 59 97 41 4 68 4 17 32 98 124 47 83 31 6 2 56 28 31 ...n 4 4 4 17 3 22 27 78 48

2 22 47 3 45 10 18 13 17 12 47 21 4 41 10 2 2 31 44 25 3 43 3 11 19 39 47 22 32 17 5 1 39 17 19 63 4 3 3 10 1 16 32 34 25

9 67 990 7 730 ... 150 130 84 150 880 630 38 850 75 5 17 420 540 32 9 540 10 ... 240 740 1 100 170 680 110 11 ... 540 230 76 250 4 13 5 87 10 41 210 1 000 ...

73 65 44 76 53 72 65 70 66 69 45 59 67 50 66 76 77 54 53 68 76 56 77 66 65 53 46 63 53 65 69 79 62 66 68 ... 77 78 78 70 79 69 58 51 62

24

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

Other

2002

2002

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

<1 ... 17 <1 22 ... 1 <1 <1 <1 11 10 <1 9 <1 <1 <1 24 7 <1 <1 7 <1 ... <1 6 9 4 7 1 <1 <1 2 <1 <1 <1 <1 ... <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 44 ...

568 691 909 503 926 590 687 576 959 557 864 762 674 859 825 422 368 813 805 745 444 786 457 870 562 853 883 822 786 758 695 385 750 727 742 855 484 399 403 672 287 703 1 052 782 773

315 371 465 182 533 257 381 244 560 223 438 398 435 435 470 201 118 410 413 584 211 404 258 448 188 432 449 526 402 348 364 164 428 361 466 508 214 136 174 326 106 384 713 401 273

177 102 161 167 116 144 131 129 84 102 155 133 150 147 86 115 142 158 144 91 141 138 132 199 93 156 159 86 112 139 201 136 109 132 113 112 151 133 134 151 119 144 167 139 52

50 65 273 40 92 45 59 89 35 101 144 92 144 104 40 60 48 103 109 25 29 97 35 51 98 147 138 97 38 66 67 34 117 87 133 141 35 30 29 12 39 102 160 95 22

3 44 82 4 76 19 56 37 32 41 79 81 6 82 27 5 6 72 75 13 5 74 4 23 60 80 86 56 84 52 3 5 58 41 22 57 8 9 5 30 8 31 16 81 45

83 46 7 86 17 68 33 42 61 38 12 11 67 12 63 76 78 18 15 81 86 16 83 66 27 11 8 30 15 35 85 77 29 44 49 28 78 76 86 66 76 45 60 11 52

13 11 11 10 8 13 12 21 8 21 9 8 27 6 10 20 16 9 10 6 10 10 13 10 13 9 6 14 2 13 12 17 13 15 28 15 14 14 10 4 16 23 24 8 3

48.9 41.8 25.7 73.8 27.0 99.9 47.2 47.2 44.3 39.9 27.5 27.4 54.3 30.2 41.2 55.1 52.6 35.1 36.6 52.1 50.7 28.5 63.0 43.8 37.3 28.8 24.1 33.7 26.4 43.1 56.9 61.0 45.2 37.6 62.9 50.8 61.1 52.8 62.0 52.1 40.0 55.4 43.1 24.2 22.1

0.0 0.7 3.7 0.0 2.7 0.0 3.9 1.1 0.0 1.7 7.4 6.2 0.0 3.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 10.1 1.3 0.0 0.1 5.7 0.0 2.6 2.7 2.3 2.6 7.7 8.3 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 6.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 14.6 0.0

0.2 18.9 18.1 0.3 16.6 0.0 11.7 11.0 12.8 12.4 13.6 15.6 1.4 17.3 10.6 0.8 0.9 8.8 12.2 11.5 0.2 12.2 0.0 1.6 13.1 16.5 18.6 21.4 16.5 12.2 0.1 0.0 20.3 18.3 5.5 13.2 0.0 0.6 0.0 9.6 0.4 10.7 14.5 16.5 21.9

0.0 0.8 4.7 0.0 4.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 7.4 2.5 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.4 2.5 0.1 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.1 5.5 3.4 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 4.7 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 3.2 2.6

0.0 0.7 16.9 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 24.0 13.6 0.0 6.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 28.3 29.4 0.3 0.0 33.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 24.5 21.0 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.8 13.6 0.7

3.6 15.2 23.1 0.9 20.4 0.0 13.0 12.0 14.6 13.4 17.3 18.6 2.1 22.3 9.2 1.2 0.6 10.7 15.5 12.5 0.7 14.6 2.6 9.5 15.0 20.9 23.4 5.2 20.2 13.8 3.9 0.0 18.5 14.4 6.4 17.6 1.3 0.4 1.0 9.3 3.9 11.7 16.9 19.9 11.5

12.5 3.0 1.6 5.5 1.8 0.0 2.9 4.6 2.1 3.7 2.5 3.0 17.9 1.7 2.9 6.9 8.3 2.5 2.6 1.2 6.6 3.0 5.8 5.2 1.5 1.4 1.4 6.2 0.4 4.2 5.6 4.9 2.2 2.8 12.8 5.7 2.9 5.9 4.0 2.4 11.6 2.3 6.8 2.7 1.3

34.7 18.9 6.3 19.4 26.2 0.1 20.6 20.9 25.7 28.4 0.3 13.0 24.3 14.3 36.0 36.0 37.5 0.0 0.0 22.3 41.8 0.0 28.6 37.3 29.8 0.0 5.5 25.2 27.0 20.1 33.6 34.1 8.5 21.8 12.1 11.2 34.2 40.3 32.8 20.6 43.9 19.5 17.9 5.3 39.9

Both sexes

25

Measles

2002

Diarrhoeal diseases

2002

HIV/AIDS

2002

Both sexes

Injuries

Injuries

Neonatal diseases

Non-communicable diseases

Communicable diseasesl

2002

Injuries

2002

Cancer

Pneumonia

1 13 57 <1 106 3 13 26 3 8 36 59 6 64 4 <1 1 41 39 11 <1 41 2 <1 12 46 31 22 51 11 3 <1 27 41 3 11 1 <1 <1 <1 3 <1 19 95 49

Distribution of causes of death among children aged < 5 yearsk,m (%)

Malaria

<10 ... 156 <10 151 ... 75 12 <10 36 <200 127 ... ... <50 <10 2 340 86 <50 <10 131 <10 ... 21 76 170 160 188 51 ... <50 ... 2 2 ... <10 ... 5 49 1 ... <10 409 ...

2005

Distribution of YLL by broader causesh,j,k (%)

2005

Both sexes 2005

Cardio-vascular diseases

Age-standardized mortality rate by causeh,i (per 100 000 population) Non- communicable diseases

TB among HIVpositive peopleg

TB among HIVnegative peoplef

HIV/AIDSe

Cause-speciﬁc mortality rate (per 100 000 population)

Both sexes

56835

83347-9473

Health status: mortality

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Member State

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135

Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People’s Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines

WHO region

EMR EUR WPR EUR EMR AFR AFR EMR EUR EUR AFR AFR WPR SEAR AFR EUR WPR AFR AFR AMR WPR EUR WPR EUR EMR AFR SEAR AFR WPR SEAR EUR WPR AMR AFR AFR WPR EUR EMR EMR WPR AMR WPR AMR AMR WPR

Life expectancy at birtha (years)

Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birthb (years)

Infant Neonatal Probability of dying Probability mortality mortality of dying aged 15–60 yearsa ratea aged ratec per 1 000 < 5 years (per 1 000 (per 1 000 population per 1 000 (adult mortality live live live birthsa rate) births) births) (under-5 mortality rate)

Maternal mortality ratiod (per 100 000 live births)

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Both sexes

Both sexes

Both sexes

Female

2005

2005

2002

2002

2005

2005

2005

2005

2004

2000

79 68 61 76 73 41 44 75 77 82 60 46 74 69 47 81 64 60 76 77 70 85 69 77 73 45 62 52 65 61 81 82 73 41 48 74 82 77 62 72 78 63 76 74 71

67 52 47 58 59 30 34 62 59 69 47 35 62 59 37 70 54 43 60 63 57 71 53 ... 59 36 50 43 53 52 70 69 60 36 41 59 70 63 54 59 64 51 60 60 57

67 58 47 68 62 33 37 65 68 74 50 35 65 57 38 73 56 46 65 68 58 75 58 ... 61 38 53 44 57 51 73 72 63 35 42 62 74 65 52 60 68 52 64 62 62

71 311 327 314 195 721 536 185 326 119 318 599 199 179 475 77 320 329 213 162 198 104 304 176 156 597 350 579 448 295 89 92 213 502 461 174 91 163 232 231 136 325 169 178 284

54 165 297 114 135 732 470 108 109 53 240 602 107 132 409 48 269 255 110 94 166 45 183 85 101 595 237 589 303 283 65 61 133 478 421 138 56 91 212 226 81 270 105 129 164

12 67 79 10 30 132 235 19 9 5 119 125 12 42 218 6 58 125 15 27 42 4 49 10 40 145 104 62 30 74 5 6 37 256 194 38 4 12 100 11 24 74 23 27 33

10 58 62 8 27 102 157 18 7 4 74 78 10 33 120 5 51 78 13 22 34 3 39 9 36 100 74 46 25 56 4 5 30 150 101 30 3 10 80 10 19 54 20 23 25

7 30 30 6 19 52 66 11 5 3 41 26 5 24 54 3 24 40 9 11 11 2 18 ... 24 35 49 20 14 32 3 3 16 41 47 16 2 5 53 13 11 32 12 11 15

12 110 650 61 150 550 760 97 19 28 550 1 800 41 110 1 200 ... ... 1 000 24 83 ... ... 110 ... 220 1 000 360 300 ... 740 16 7 230 1 600 800 ... 10 87 500 ... 160 300 170 410 200

77 61 59 65 68 42 41 70 65 76 56 47 69 67 45 77 60 55 69 72 67 78 62 71 69 46 56 52 58 61 77 77 68 42 47 68 77 71 61 68 74 59 70 70 64

26

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

Distribution of causes of death among children aged < 5 yearsk,m (%)

Pneumonia

Injuries

Other

2002

2002

2002

2002

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

78 106 150 156 90 139 169 79 161 134 147 150 139 123 166 124 125 158 79 88 93 120 306 ... 67 124 115 146 138 118 155 139 120 169 157 74 137 105 107 92 108 118 141 175 91

34 90 142 132 98 88 270 55 136 51 112 105 50 70 145 24 62 138 42 58 39 41 96 ... 48 66 105 93 132 108 23 37 73 163 132 39 35 41 99 39 49 104 57 69 58

18 35 71 7 18 90 83 31 4 5 79 89 26 55 86 8 31 79 11 27 40 7 37 ... 44 91 60 83 19 64 7 5 46 87 83 33 5 24 70 28 38 64 45 43 45

60 51 19 70 60 7 7 53 68 76 12 6 58 36 8 83 59 12 75 54 51 77 47 ... 44 7 29 10 68 25 85 79 36 7 10 55 83 57 21 63 44 25 39 42 42

22 14 10 23 22 3 10 16 28 19 9 5 16 9 6 9 10 9 13 19 9 16 16 ... 12 2 11 6 13 11 8 17 17 6 7 12 12 19 8 10 18 11 16 15 13

35.5 43.8 34.5 53.2 64.9 32.8 29.1 55.6 41.4 54.0 25.6 21.7 61.8 45.1 25.9 66.7 37.1 39.4 66.0 52.5 49.2 ... 34.1 ... 44.7 29.0 39.1 38.5 7.0 43.5 63.1 48.3 42.4 16.7 26.1 ... 54.0 42.3 55.7 47.0 42.4 35.4 53.5 38.5 36.9

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 56.2 3.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.3 14.0 1.4 0.7 1.6 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.3 ... 0.3 ... 0.3 12.9 0.9 53.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.6 5.0 ... 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.3 2.4 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.0

0.7 14.1 15.6 0.0 1.0 3.9 17.3 8.4 0.3 0.0 16.9 18.1 5.4 20.3 18.3 0.0 14.1 16.2 1.2 5.1 8.0 ... 14.5 ... 12.2 16.5 21.1 2.5 37.8 20.5 0.0 0.2 12.2 19.8 15.7 ... 0.3 8.1 14.0 9.7 10.7 15.3 10.7 12.2 12.0

0.0 0.1 5.9 0.0 0.0 0.1 6.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.3 0.9 0.1 6.1 0.0 0.5 1.7 0.0 0.0 1.5 ... 0.3 ... 0.2 0.3 2.4 0.1 5.5 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.3 6.3 ... 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.7 0.0 2.1 0.1 0.0 1.2

0.0 0.9 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.1 14.1 0.1 0.6 16.9 0.0 0.0 12.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 1.0 ... 0.4 18.9 9.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.4 14.3 24.1 ... 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.4

4.4 16.7 19.1 1.2 1.1 4.7 23.0 8.5 5.3 1.1 20.7 22.6 4.0 17.5 23.9 0.0 13.5 22.3 3.9 8.5 11.3 ... 17.1 ... 14.0 21.2 19.3 3.0 30.3 18.5 1.1 2.7 13.7 25.1 20.1 ... 1.4 7.2 19.3 12.4 10.8 18.5 11.9 13.6 13.4

7.9 6.6 2.3 11.3 11.0 2.2 1.7 2.6 17.4 14.9 2.4 1.7 7.7 2.5 1.4 6.0 3.1 1.9 5.2 7.0 2.7 ... 4.4 ... 4.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 19.4 2.3 5.2 11.4 3.0 1.4 1.9 ... 6.2 4.1 2.1 2.5 3.8 2.3 3.8 9.5 2.7

51.5 17.9 21.9 34.3 22.0 0.0 0.3 24.8 35.6 29.9 8.0 7.6 18.7 13.1 5.9 27.4 31.4 5.9 23.6 26.8 26.9 ... 28.3 ... 24.1 0.1 6.2 0.0 0.1 11.5 30.6 37.4 27.7 14.8 0.8 ... 38.1 37.9 5.7 27.4 29.6 25.4 19.6 24.9 33.5

Both sexes

27

Measles

2002

309 602 476 482 453 404 485 411 391 177 430 430 274 484 456 214 526 451 434 163 410 115 488 ... 411 371 432 385 666 436 171 175 305 456 452 339 181 409 425 396 182 442 291 190 336

Diarrhoeal diseases

2002

512 924 904 733 742 785 955 650 640 406 837 835 625 864 909 429 997 884 701 503 782 325 968 ... 675 720 796 754 1 137 796 443 423 655 916 889 637 416 688 743 744 430 815 598 584 642

HIV/AIDS

2002

... <1 <1 <1 <1 61 16 <1 <1 <1 2 49 <1 ... 9 <1 ... 3 <1 <1 ... ... <1 <1 <1 66 <1 35 ... <1 <1 ... <1 3 19 ... <1 <1 <1 ... <1 3 <1 <1 <1

Both sexes

Injuries

2005

2 17 24 9 1 47 54 1 7 1 43 49 15 3 62 <1 32 65 11 2 14 <1 23 5 7 58 14 42 18 22 <1 <1 7 32 57 9 <1 <1 37 7 3 43 12 20 47

Injuries

2005

... <10 <10 <50 <10 1 282 ... ... <10 <50 16 605 16 ... 81 <50 ... <50 <10 6 ... ... <10 ... 4 707 73 837 ... 19 <10 ... <10 54 167 ... <10 ... 2 ... <50 56 <10 20 <10

Both sexes

Cancer

2005

HIV/AIDSe

Malaria

Neonatal diseases

Non-communicable diseases

Distribution of YLL by broader causesh,j,k (%)

Communicable diseasesl

Cardio-vascular diseases

Age-standardized mortality rate by causeh,i (per 100 000 population) Non- communicable diseases

TB among HIVpositive peopleg

TB among HIVnegative peoplef

Cause-speciﬁc mortality rate (per 100 000 population)

Both sexes

56835

83347-9473

Health status: mortality

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Member State

136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180

Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda

WHO region

Life expectancy at birtha (years)

Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birthb (years)

Infant Neonatal Probability of dying Probability mortality mortality of dying aged 15–60 yearsa a rate aged ratec per 1 000 < 5 years (per 1 000 (per 1 000 population per 1 000 (adult mortality live live live birthsa rate) births) births) (under-5 mortality rate)

Maternal mortality ratiod (per 100 000 live births)

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Both sexes

Both sexes

Both sexes

Female

2005

2005

2002

2002

2005

2005

2005

2005

2004

2000

EUR EUR EMR WPR EUR EUR EUR AFR AMR AMR AMR WPR EUR AFR EMR AFR EUR AFR AFR WPR EUR EUR WPR EMR AFR EUR SEAR EMR AMR AFR EUR EUR EMR EUR SEAR EUR

71 75 77 75 65 68 59 44 69 72 66 66 80 57 68 54 70 68 37 78 70 74 68 45 50 77 68 57 66 38 79 79 70 64 67 71

79 81 78 82 72 76 72 47 72 78 74 70 84 60 74 57 75 77 40 82 78 81 72 45 52 84 75 62 71 37 83 84 75 66 73 76

63 67 67 65 57 61 53 36 60 61 60 59 71 54 60 47 ... 57 27 69 63 67 55 36 43 70 59 47 57 33 72 71 60 53 58 62

68 72 64 71 62 65 64 40 63 64 62 60 76 55 63 49 ... 65 30 71 69 72 57 38 45 75 64 50 61 35 75 75 63 56 62 65

208 139 70 123 301 230 470 513 197 204 293 235 64 301 195 345 192 246 582 83 201 152 190 465 598 111 228 357 225 793 78 84 184 192 265 164

79 59 66 50 141 102 173 444 145 106 167 203 33 236 119 285 98 107 501 48 77 67 141 423 532 46 118 268 144 794 50 46 124 167 155 77

8 5 12 6 16 19 14 203 20 14 20 29 3 118 26 136 9 13 282 3 9 4 29 225 68 5 14 90 39 160 4 5 15 71 21 17

6 4 10 6 14 16 11 118 18 13 17 24 3 75 21 77 8 12 165 2 7 3 24 133 51 4 12 62 30 104 3 4 14 59 18 15

5 3 4 4 12 10 7 48 11 11 13 14 2 38 11 35 ... 7 56 1 4 2 23 49 17 2 8 27 17 40 2 3 7 38 9 9

10 8 7 20 36 58 65 1 400 ... ... ... ... ... ... 23 690 ... ... 2 000 15 10 17 130 1 100 230 5 92 590 110 370 8 7 160 100 44 13

SEAR AFR WPR AMR EMR EUR EUR WPR AFR

63 52 72 67 70 69 57 61 48

68 56 70 74 75 74 65 63 51

48 44 62 60 61 61 52 53 42

52 46 62 64 64 63 57 53 44

244 400 126 268 166 181 321 327 506

166 340 201 158 108 112 164 287 457

61 139 24 19 24 29 104 38 136

52 78 20 17 20 26 81 31 79

29 39 12 10 13 16 37 21 30

660 570 ... 110 120 70 31 ... 880

28

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

Distribution of causes of death among children aged < 5 yearsk,m (%)

Pneumonia

Injuries

Other

2002

2002

2002

2002

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

180 140 75 169 116 141 152 150 108 129 155 95 140 133 109 146 ... 131 181 128 170 160 90 143 154 131 118 112 133 162 116 116 60 90 129 145

53 33 40 67 97 56 217 126 45 52 55 40 22 87 72 125 ... 69 250 23 50 59 37 235 120 31 82 163 86 72 30 32 49 64 74 74

4 13 16 7 11 11 8 85 26 20 27 31 5 67 22 76 ... 16 86 9 4 4 49 76 77 6 19 60 37 91 4 5 30 49 43 8

81 77 63 72 71 77 64 8 62 63 60 58 85 21 53 13 ... 64 6 79 81 80 44 14 15 81 61 23 45 5 85 82 56 41 40 72

15 10 21 21 18 12 28 7 12 17 13 11 10 12 25 11 ... 21 8 12 14 17 7 11 8 13 20 17 18 4 11 13 15 10 17 20

59.1 47.9 29.6 71.5 46.1 41.4 40.8 21.7 2.8 30.9 49.6 49.2 ... 32.1 40.2 22.8 ... 27.2 21.9 40.0 52.7 64.4 49.5 23.3 35.1 52.4 59.5 31.4 40.5 26.8 59.4 62.1 42.7 29.7 44.9 63.1

0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 5.0 0.0 1.3 2.9 0.3 ... 3.7 0.1 1.0 ... 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.8 57.1 0.0 0.0 2.9 2.5 47.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.2 0.0

0.1 0.1 8.4 0.4 2.0 2.5 2.5 18.5 14.4 1.3 0.5 9.7 ... 16.0 6.2 17.1 ... 0.0 19.7 0.4 1.4 0.0 8.8 18.7 0.8 0.1 13.5 12.9 13.1 9.6 0.0 0.2 9.6 16.4 16.2 5.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 ... 4.8 0.0 8.1 ... 0.0 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 6.8 0.0 0.0 1.7 5.4 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0

0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 ... 0.6 0.2 27.6 ... 0.0 12.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.4 21.2 2.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.0

2.7 1.8 7.7 1.8 15.5 27.1 6.3 23.2 0.0 1.3 10.5 10.2 ... 21.2 6.6 20.7 ... 10.1 25.5 9.0 9.4 0.0 9.5 23.9 0.9 1.3 8.5 15.5 11.5 11.8 0.8 0.7 9.9 19.9 11.5 4.3

5.6 9.0 5.2 11.2 13.3 8.6 12.0 1.8 7.9 4.7 4.0 2.9 ... 3.5 14.5 2.6 ... 12.3 1.2 7.1 6.0 5.9 2.5 2.6 5.0 6.5 5.4 4.6 5.8 3.8 3.4 7.5 3.4 2.6 4.8 2.5

32.5 41.0 48.9 15.0 23.1 20.3 38.0 23.7 74.9 60.4 32.4 27.4 ... 18.1 32.2 0.2 ... 50.3 12.7 43.5 30.5 29.7 28.7 19.5 1.1 39.6 10.9 6.2 23.9 0.5 36.3 29.5 34.1 30.4 16.0 25.1

... 148 ... 146 <10 ... ... ... 316

88 81 3 1 3 5 10 55 59

... 20 ... <1 ... ... <1 ... 32

814 831 684 729 685 757 1 115 1 046 824

441 427 363 379 417 542 844 541 422

118 147 85 121 78 95 99 129 146

112 117 29 50 72 42 74 69 154

63 79 29 40 18 31 35 34 84

26 12 62 50 63 56 52 55 8

11 9 9 10 19 13 13 11 8

32.3 29.0 57.2 46.3 52.7 49.1 37.8 40.0 23.6

0.7 5.8 0.0 4.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 7.7

21.9 13.8 10.0 1.3 7.0 12.2 15.6 13.2 17.2

3.5 6.6 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 1.2 3.0

0.4 25.3 1.3 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.9 0.0 23.1

19.6 17.1 7.3 2.0 7.6 14.0 18.8 13.5 21.1

1.9 2.5 2.0 3.1 9.7 4.0 4.8 3.0 2.2

19.7 0.0 20.4 42.5 22.8 19.8 22.0 28.8 2.1

Both sexes

29

Measles

2002

324 208 340 186 619 479 688 425 420 304 315 417 223 396 405 426 ... 336 515 171 371 228 409 580 410 137 314 499 421 364 176 142 410 753 199 504

Diarrhoeal diseases

2002

593 461 629 537 923 728 960 831 689 646 685 782 380 764 701 832 ... 657 1 017 376 636 503 786 1 086 808 395 711 903 781 732 379 358 728 1 036 559 745

HIV/AIDS

2002

<1 <1 ... <1 1 ... 1 19 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 4 <1 ... 12 <1 <1 <1 ... 2 41 <1 <1 7 2 197 <1 <1 ... <1 2 <1

Both sexes

Injuries

2005

4 3 6 11 18 18 19 72 2 2 5 3 <1 27 5 51 5 5 98 2 3 2 23 38 30 3 8 59 12 107 <1 <1 4 38 17 5

Injuries

2005

<10 <10 ... <10 33 ... ... 232 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 45 ... ... 83 <10 ... <10 ... 50 675 5 <10 94 <200 1 550 <10 <10 ... <10 33 <10

Both sexes

Cancer

2005

HIV/AIDSe

Malaria

Neonatal diseases

Non-communicable diseases

Distribution of YLL by broader causesh,j,k (%)

Communicable diseasesl

Cardio-vascular diseases

Age-standardized mortality rate by causeh,i (per 100 000 population) Non- communicable diseases

TB among HIVpositive peopleg

TB among HIVnegative peoplef

Cause-speciﬁc mortality rate (per 100 000 population)

Both sexes

56835

83347-9473

Health status: mortality

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Member State

181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194

Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe The former state union of Serbia and Montenegroo

WHO region

Life expectancy at birtha (years)

Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birthb (years)

Infant Neonatal Probability of dying Probability mortality mortality of dying aged 15–60 yearsa ratea aged ratec per 1 000 < 5 years (per 1 000 (per 1 000 population per 1 000 (adult mortality live live live birthsa rate) births) births) (under-5 mortality rate)

Maternal mortality ratiod (per 100 000 live births)

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Both sexes

Both sexes

Both sexes

Female

2005

2005

2002

2002

2005

2005

2005

2005

2004

2000

EUR EMR EUR AFR AMR AMR EUR WPR AMR WPR EMR AFR AFR EUR

61 76 77 48 75 71 63 67 72 69 59 40 43 ...

73 79 81 50 80 79 69 70 78 74 62 40 42 ...

55 64 69 40 67 63 58 58 62 60 48 35 34 63

64 64 72 41 71 69 61 59 67 63 51 35 33 65

403 86 101 541 137 166 236 209 185 195 286 702 771 ...

150 64 62 505 81 88 143 168 96 119 219 666 789 ...

17 9 6 122 8 15 68 38 21 19 102 182 86 ...

13 8 5 76 7 13 57 31 18 16 76 104 60 ...

7 4 3 35 4 7 26 18 11 12 41 40 36 9

38 54 11 1 500 14 20 24 ... 78 130 570 750 1 100 9

AFR AMR SEAR EUR EMR WPR

48 72 62 69 62 71 64

50 77 65 77 64 75 68

40 63 54 62 53 63 56

480 171 272 231 242 157 233

438 97 207 99 189 96 164

165 24 68 19 90 28 74

99 20 51 16 66 23 51

40 11 35 10 38 17 28

910 140 460 39 460 80 400

Region African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Paciﬁc Region Global

42 67 55 68 54 66 59

... Data not available or not applicable; AFR, African Region; AMR, Region of the Americas; SEAR, South-East Asia Region; EUR, European Region; EMR, Eastern Mediterranean Region; WPR, Western Paciﬁc Region. The global values for rates and ratios are weighted averages; for absolute numbers they are the sums of all WHO regions. a Life tables for WHO Member States. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2006 (http://www.who.int/whosis/database/life_tables/life_tables.cfm). b The World Health Report 2004: changing history. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004 (http://www.who.int/whr/2004/en/index.html.) c Updated estimates based on Neonatal and perinatal mortality: country, regional and global estimates. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2006 (http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/docs/neonatal_perinatal_mortality/text.pdf). d Maternal mortality in 2000: estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF and UNFPA. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004 (http://www.who.int/ reproductive-health/publications/maternal_mortality_2000/mme.pdf). e Based on 2006 report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, World Health Organization, 2006. See Annex 2: HIV and AIDS estimates and data, 2005 and 2003. Ranges of estimates are available from this document. f These are classiﬁed as deaths from tuberculosis according to the International Classiﬁcation of Diseases, tenth revision (A15–A19, B90). Geneva, World Health Organization, 1992. Source: Global tuberculosis control: surveillance, planning, ﬁnancing. WHO report 2007. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007 (WHO/HTM/TB/2007.376) (http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report). g These deaths are classiﬁed as HIV disease resulting in tuberculosis (B20.0) according to the International Classiﬁcation of Diseases, tenth revision. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1992. They are already counted in the number of deaths from HIV/AIDS (B20–B24). Source: Global tuberculosis control: surveillance, planning, ﬁnancing. WHO report 2007. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007 (WHO/HTM/TB/2007.376) (http://www.who. int/tb/publications/global_report).

30

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

Distribution of causes of death among children aged < 5 yearsk,m (%)

Pneumonia

Injuries

Other

2002

2002

2002

2002

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

47 ... <10 365 5 <50 <10 ... 23 15 ... 840 1 384 <10

13 2 1 50 <1 3 15 10 5 22 10 60 61 ...

1 ... <1 25 <1 <1 <1 ... <1 <1 <1 57 69 ...

891 625 434 847 460 518 899 772 496 664 956 700 685 767

637 369 182 435 188 208 663 409 241 318 553 359 347 508

139 100 143 151 134 170 74 92 107 123 108 122 122 149

135 72 26 115 47 55 50 38 90 72 102 58 103 36

9 12 10 85 9 12 30 39 24 40 61 92 90 7

71 59 82 8 75 72 57 51 45 44 28 6 7 85

20 28 9 6 17 15 13 9 32 16 11 2 4 8

42.3 55.7 59.1 26.9 56.9 48.1 38.1 42.3 52.6 56.4 33.3 22.9 28.1 57.1

4.9 0.1 0.0 9.3 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.2 1.0 0.3 16.1 40.6 0.1

1.2 6.3 0.9 16.8 0.1 2.3 14.8 11.5 9.9 10.4 16.1 17.5 12.1 6.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 3.4 2.2 1.2 2.9 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0 22.7 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.6 0.0 0.4 7.5 19.4 0.2 0.0

6.3 4.7 2.2 21.1 1.3 5.4 16.8 13.0 5.9 11.5 19.8 21.8 14.7 9.1

14.5 15.0 4.4 2.0 10.3 7.0 7.0 2.7 6.5 4.9 3.7 1.0 1.2 2.9

30.7 18.2 33.4 0.0 31.3 36.9 22.4 29.4 24.8 11.9 17.1 0.1 0.3 24.7

265 12 11 8 21 4 42

52 5 30 7 20 17 21

22 0 1 0 1 0 3

800 515 719 613 785 571 624

404 214 395 354 455 245 315

144 132 111 144 100 142 132

133 63 106 80 95 72 87

83 27 55 11 60 26 54

10 54 31 71 29 55 33

7 19 13 18 12 19 13

26.2 43.7 44.4 44.3 43.4 47.0 37

6.8 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.3 3

16.6 10.1 20.1 10.2 14.6 12.0 17

4.3 0.1 3.5 0.1 3.0 0.8 3

17.5 0.4 1.1 0.5 2.9 0.4 8

21.1 11.6 18.1 13.1 19.0 13.8 19

1.9 4.9 2.3 6.2 3.2 7.3 3

5.6 27.9 9.9 25.4 13.5 18.4 11

Measles

2002

Diarrhoeal diseases

2002

HIV/AIDS

2002

Both sexes

Injuries

2005

Injuries

2005

Both sexes

Cancer

2005

HIV/AIDSe

Malaria

Neonatal diseases

Non-communicable diseases

Distribution of YLL by broader causesh,j,k (%)

Communicable diseasesl

Cardio-vascular diseases

Age-standardized mortality rate by causeh,i (per 100 000 population) Non- communicable diseases

TB among HIV-positive peopleg

TB among HIVnegative peoplef

Cause-speciﬁc mortality rate (per 100 000 population)

Both sexes

h

Both sexes

Mortality and burden of disease estimates for WHO Member States in 2002. World Health Organization, December 2004 (http://www.who.int/entity/ healthinfo/statistics/bodgbddeathdalyestimates.xls). i Rates are age-standardized to WHO’s world standard population. Source: Ahmad OB et al. Age standardization of rates: a new WHO standard. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2001 (GPE Discussion Paper Series No.31) (http://www.who.int/entity/healthinfo/paper31.pdf). j YLL, years of life lost. k The sum of individual proportions may not add up to 100% due to rounding. l Communicable diseases include maternal causes, conditions arising during the perinatal period and nutritional deﬁciencies. m Neonatal causes include diarrhoea occurring during the neonatal period. Sources: Bryce J et al. WHO estimates of the causes of death in children. Lancet, 2005, 365:1147–1152; Mortality proﬁles. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007 (http://www.who.int/whosis/mort/proﬁles). n Estimate will be ﬁnalized following completion of an ongoing analysis (as of March 2007) designed to reconcile results from multiple recent surveys. o On 3 June 2006, the Permanent Representative of the Republic of Serbia to the United Nations and other International Organizations in Geneva informed the Acting Director-General of the WHO that “the membership of the state union Serbia and Montenegro in the United Nations, including all organs and the organizations of the United Nations system, is continued by the Republic of Serbia on the basis of Article 60 of the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro, activated by the Declaration of Independence adopted by the National Assembly of Montenegro on 3 June 2006”. Certain data, statistics and other factual elements used or referred to in this report cover a period of time preceding that communication. Consequently, the expression “Serbia and Montenegro” may appear with reference to the status of the Member State in question before the aforementioned communication. The use of that expression is without prejudice to the status of either the Republic of Serbia or of Montenegro in the light of the afore mentioned communication.

31

56835

83347-9473

Health status: morbidity

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Member State

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d’Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador

WHO region

EMR EUR AFR EUR AFR AMR AMR EUR WPR EUR EUR AMR EMR SEAR AMR EUR EUR AMR AFR SEAR AMR EUR AFR AMR WPR EUR AFR AFR WPR AFR AMR AFR AFR AFR AMR WPR AMR AFR AFR WPR AMR AFR EUR AMR EUR EUR SEAR AFR EUR EMR AMR AMR AMR EMR AMR

HIV prevalence among adults aged ≥ 15 yearsa (per 100 000 population)

TB prevalenceb (per 100 000 population)

TB incidenceb (per 100 000 population)

No. conﬁrmed cases of poliomyelitisc

2005

2005

2005

2006

<100 ... 82 ... 3 281 ... 456 121 99 173 87 2 807 ... <100 1 236 242 162 2 110 1 635 <100 120 ... 23 624 454 <100 ... 2 004 3 132 1 468 4 899 222 ... 9 990 3 111 229 62 509 <500 4 731 ... 235 6 442 ... 52 ... <100 ... 2 933 125 3 017 ... 1 036 246 <100 770

288 28 55 15 333 9 51 79 6 9 85 49 43 406 12 70 10 55 144 174 280 57 556 76 63 41 461 602 703 206 4 327 483 495 16 208 66 89 449 26 17 659 65 11 5 11 179 541 6 1 161 24 116 202 32 68

168 20 55 18 269 7 41 71 6 11 76 38 40 227 11 62 13 49 88 103 211 52 654 60 54 39 223 334 506 174 5 174 314 272 15 100 45 45 367 16 14 382 41 9 4 10 178 356 7 762 16 91 131 25 51

32 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1d 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

32

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

Member State

56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110

Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People’s Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico

WHO region

HIV prevalence among adults aged ≥ 15 yearsa (per 100 000 population)

TB prevalenceb (per 100 000 population)

TB incidenceb (per 100 000 population)

No. conﬁrmed cases of poliomyelitisc

2005

2005

2005

2006

AFR AFR EUR AFR WPR EUR EUR AFR AFR EUR EUR AFR EUR AMR AMR AFR AFR AMR AMR AMR EUR EUR SEAR SEAR EMR EMR EUR EUR EUR AMR WPR EMR EUR AFR WPR EMR EUR WPR EUR EMR AFR AFR EMR EUR EUR AFR AFR WPR SEAR AFR EUR WPR AFR AFR AMR

2 857 2 180 887 ... <500 <100 263 6 750 2 091 154 69 2 225 98 ... 825 1 475 3 483 2 072 3 377 1 392 <100 <500 747 106 133 ... 151 ... 300 1 371 <100 ... 105 6 125 ... ... 111 103 508 114 22 684 ... ... 116 <500 451 12 528 391 ... 1 572 <500 ... 629 437 244

355 515 46 546 30 5 10 385 352 86 6 380 15 8 110 431 293 194 405 99 25 2 299 262 30 76 10 6 5 10 38 6 155 936 426 28 133 306 66 12 588 507 18 63 9 396 518 131 53 578 4 269 590 132 27

233 282 43 344 23 6 13 308 242 83 7 205 17 5 78 236 206 149 305 78 22 3 168 239 23 56 12 8 7 7 28 5 144 641 380 24 121 155 63 11 696 301 18 63 11 234 409 102 47 278 6 224 298 62 23

0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 660 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

33

56835

83347-9473

Health status: morbidity

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Member State

111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165

Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland

WHO region

WPR EUR WPR EUR EMR AFR SEAR AFR WPR SEAR EUR WPR AMR AFR AFR WPR EUR EMR EMR WPR AMR WPR AMR AMR WPR EUR EUR EMR WPR EUR EUR EUR AFR AMR AMR AMR WPR EUR AFR EMR AFR EUR AFR AFR WPR EUR EUR WPR EMR AFR EUR SEAR EMR AMR AFR

HIV prevalence among adults aged ≥ 15 yearsa (per 100 000 population)

TB prevalenceb (per 100 000 population)

TB incidenceb (per 100 000 population)

No. conﬁrmed cases of poliomyelitisc

2005

2005

2005

2006

... ... <100 ... 88 14 429 982 17 676 ... 447 127 <100 215 998 3 547 ... 67 ... 86 ... 755 1 621 338 480 <100 78 363 ... <100 815 ... 775 3 133 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 837 ... ... 1 361 158 <100 <100 ... 870 16 579 380 <100 1 454 1 623 34 457

123 2 206 42 73 597 170 577 156 244 5 9 74 294 536 87 4 11 297 61 46 475 100 206 450 29 25 65 135 149 146 150 673 17 22 42 27 5 258 58 466 42 56 905 28 20 15 201 286 511 22 80 400 99 1 211

105 2 191 33 89 447 171 697 108 180 7 9 58 164 283 44 5 11 181 52 45 250 68 172 291 26 33 55 96 138 134 119 361 11 17 29 20 6 105 41 255 33 34 475 29 17 15 142 224 600 27 60 228 65 1 262

0 0 0 0 0 0 1d 19 0 4 0 0 0 11 1 099e 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36 0 0 0 0 0 0

34

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

Member State

166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194

Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe The former state union of Serbia and Montenegrof

WHO region

HIV prevalence among adults aged ≥ 15 yearsa (per 100 000 population)

TB prevalenceb (per 100 000 population)

TB incidenceb (per 100 000 population)

No. conﬁrmed cases of poliomyelitisc

2005

2005

2005

2006

EUR EUR EMR EUR SEAR EUR SEAR AFR WPR AMR EMR EUR EUR WPR AFR EUR EMR EUR AFR AMR AMR EUR WPR AMR WPR EMR AFR AFR EUR

107 264 ... 123 1 144 <100 ... 2 879 ... 2 538 115 ... <100 ... 6 304 1 036 ... 137 5 909 508 362 174 ... 598 421 ... 15 819 19 210 117

5 6 46 297 204 33 713 753 32 13 28 44 90 495 559 120 24 11 496 3 33 139 84 52 235 136 618 631 42

6 7 37 198 142 30 556 373 25 9 24 29 70 305 369 99 16 14 342 5 28 113 60 42 175 82 600 601 33

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ...

AFR AMR SEAR EUR EMR WPR

5 736 481 605 347 207 90 803

511 50 290 60 163 206 217

343 39 181 50 104 110 136

1 165 0 684 0 109 1 1 959

Region African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Paciﬁc Region Global

... Data not available or not applicable; AFR, African Region; AMR, Region of the Americas; SEAR, South-East Asia Region; EUR, European Region; EMR, Eastern Mediterranean Region; WPR, Western Paciﬁc Region. The global values for rates and ratios are weighted averages; for absolute numbers they are the sums of all WHO regions. a 2006 report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, World Health Organization, 2006. See Annex 2: HIV and AIDS estimates and data, 2005 and 2003. Ranges of estimates and notes are available from this document. b TB, tuberculosis. Data are for all forms of TB including TB in people with HIV infection. Source: Global tuberculosis control: surveillance, planning, ﬁnancing. WHO report 2007. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007 (WHO/HTM/TB/2007.376) (http://www.who.int/tb/publications/ global_report). c Data from World Health Organization, Polio Eradication Initiative, as of 2 February 2007. Updated information can be found at http://www.who. int/immunization_monitoring/en/diseases/poliomyelitis/case_count.cfm. d One case of vaccine-derived poliovirus infection. e Of the total conﬁrmed cases of poliomyelitis, one is vaccine-derived poliovirus. f See footnote o to the table on Health status: mortality.

35

56835

83347-9473

Health service coverage

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Member State

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d’Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus

WHO region

EMR EUR AFR EUR AFR AMR AMR EUR WPR EUR EUR AMR EMR SEAR AMR EUR EUR AMR AFR SEAR AMR EUR AFR AMR WPR EUR AFR AFR WPR AFR AMR AFR AFR AFR AMR WPR AMR AFR AFR WPR AMR AFR EUR AMR EUR

Immunization coverage among 1-year-oldsa

Antenatal care coverageb

Measles

DTP3

HepB3

At least 1 visit

At least 4 visits

(%) 2005

(%) 2005

(%) 2005

(%)

(%)

64 97 83 94 45 99 99 94 94 75 98 85 99 81 93 99 88 95 85 93 64 90 90 99 97 96 84 75 79 68 94 65 35 23 90 86 89 80 56 99 89 51 96 98 86

76 98 88 98 47 99 92 90 92 86 93 93 98 88 92 99 97 96 93 95 81 93 97 96 99 96 96 74 82 80 94 73 40 20 91 87 87 80 65 99 91 56 96 99 98

... 98 83 79 ... 99 87 91 94 86 96 93 98 62 92 99 78 97 92 95 81 93 85 92 99 96 ... 74 ... 79 ... 69 ... ... ... 84 87 80 ... 99 90 56 99 99 88

52 81 79 ... ... ... ... 82 ... ... 70 ... ... 39 89 ... ... ... 88 ... 84 99 99 ... ... ... 72 93 44 77 ... ... ... 51 ... ... 90 ... ... ... ... 84 ... ... ...

36

... 42 ... ... ... 82 95 65 ... ... ... ... ... 11 ... ... ... 96 61 ... 69 ... 97 ... 100 ... 18 79 9 52 ... 99 ... 13 ... ... 79 ... ... ... 70 35 ... 100 ...

Year

2003 2002 2000

2001 2001 2000

2001

1999–2000 2001

2001 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2003 2001 2000 1998 2001 1997

2000

2001 1998–1999 2001

Births attended by skilled health personnelc

Contraceptive prevalence rated

(%)

Year

(%)

Year

14 94 90 ... 45 100 99 98 100 ... 74 99 99 13 100 100 99 89 66 51 61 100 99 97 100 99 38 25 44 62 100 89 44 15 100 83 91 62 83 98 98 63 100 100 99

2003 2002k 2002

4.8 75.1 64.0 ... 6.2 ... ... 60.5 ... ... 55.4 ... ... 58.1 ... ... ... ... 18.6 ... 58.4 47.5 40.4 ... ... 41.5 13.8 15.7 23.8 26.0 ... 52.9 27.9 2.8 ... 90.2 78.2 25.7 44.3 ... 80.0 15.0 ... 73.3 ...

2000 2002 2000

2001 2005 2004k 2005 2003 2001 2004 2005 2004k 2004 2005 1999 2005 2001k 2005 2003–2004k 2000 2000 2003 2004 2005 2003 2000 2005–2006 2004 2003–2004 1998k 2000 2004–2005k 2004 2004 2004–2005 2000 2005–2006k 2001 2004 2000 2005 2005 2003

2001

2000

2001

2004

2001 2003–2004 2000 2000

1997 2003 2000 2000 2004 1998 2000 2004 2004 2004–2005 2000 2005 1999 1998–1999 2000

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

(%) ... ... ... ... 2 ... ... ... ... ... 1 ... ... ... ... . .. ... ... 7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2 1 ... 1 ... ... 2 1 ... ... 3 9 ... ... ... 1 ... ... ...

Year

2001

2000

2001

2003 2000 2004

2000 2000

2000 2000

2000

HIV-infected pregnant women for PMTCTg

People with advanced HIV infectionsf

Antiretroviral Children therapy coverage aged <5 years sleeping under insecticide-treated bednetse

(%) (%) Dec 2006 Dec 2005 ... ... 25 ... 10 ... 79 ... ... ... <1 ... ... <3 87 20 ... 59 38 ... 24 ... >95 85 ... ... 39 26 ... 25 ... ... 6 14 83 27 50 ... 17 ... >95 28 ... >95 ...

... ... ... ... 1 ... 87 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 17 ... ... ... 54 48 ... ... 6 3 4 10 ... ... 4 1 ... 2 ... ... 10 ... ... 4 ... ... ...

TB detection rate under DOTSh

TB treatment success under DOTSi

Children aged < 5 years with ARI symptoms taken to facilityj

Children aged < 5 years with diarrhoea receiving ORTj

(%) 2005

(%) 2004 cohort

(%)

(%)

44 25 106 94 85 246 67 60 42 56 55 ... 77 59 ... 46 64 102 83 31 72 71 69 53 112 90 18 30 66 106 64 34 40 22 112 80 26 49 57 77 118 38 ... 98 57

89 78 91 100 68 100 58 70 85 69 60 ... 82 90 ... 74 72 60 83 83 80 98 65 81 71 80 67 78 91 71 62 71 91 69 83 94 85 94 63 0 ... 71 ... 93 20

... ... ... ... ... ... ... 24.6 ... ... ... ... ... 20.3 ... ... ... ... 29.3 ... 51.5 ... ... ... ... ... 32.6 ... 34.5 39.9 ... ... ... 11.8 ... ... 56.7 ... 43.9 ... ... 34.9 ... ... ...

Year

2000

2004

2001 2003

2003 2000 2004

2004

2005 2005

1999

37

... ... ... ... ... ... ... 59.7 ... ... ... ... ... 83.4 ... ... ... ... 60.9 ... 66.4 ... ... ... ... ... 62.8 ... 74.1 56.7 ... ... ... 37.5 ... ... 70.1 ... 53.5 ... ... 66.1 ... ... ...

Year

2000

2004

2001 2003

2003 2000 2004

2004

2005 2005

1999

Children aged < 5 years with fever who received treatment with any antimalariale

(%) ... ... ... ... 63.0 ... ... ... ... ... 0.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 60.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 49.6 31.3 ... 53.1 ... ... 68.8 55.8 ... ... ... 62.7 ... ... ... 57.5 ... ... ...

Year

2001

2000

2001

2003 2000 2004

2000 2004

2000

2000

Children 6–59 months who received vitamin A supplementationj

(%) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 81.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... 60.0 ... ... ... ... ... 33.3 ... 28.5 37.5 ... ... ... 32.0 ... ... ... ... 65.5 ... ... ... ... ... ...

Year

2004

2003

2003 2000 2004

2004

2005

Births by Caesarean sectionb

(%) ... 15 6 24 ... ... ... 7 21 21 4 ... ... 3 ... 17 16 ... 4 ... 15 ... ... ... ... 17 1 ... 1 3 19 6 ... 1 ... ... 25 ... ... ... ... 3 14 ... ...

Year

2002 2000 1999

2000 1998 2002 2002

1999–2000 2002 1999 2001 1998

2002 2003 2000 1998 1997–1998 1998 1996–1997

2000

1998–1999 2002

56835

83347-9473

Health service coverage

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Member State

46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

Czech Republic Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati

WHO region

EUR SEAR AFR EUR EMR AMR AMR AMR EMR AMR AFR AFR EUR AFR WPR EUR EUR AFR AFR EUR EUR AFR EUR AMR AMR AFR AFR AMR AMR AMR EUR EUR SEAR SEAR EMR EMR EUR EUR EUR AMR WPR EMR EUR AFR WPR

Immunization coverage among 1-year-oldsa

Antenatal care coverageb

Measles

DTP3

HepB3

At least 1 visit

At least 4 visits

(%) 2005

(%) 2005

(%) 2005

(%)

(%)

97 96 70 95 65 98 99 93 98 99 51 84 96 59 70 97 87 55 84 92 93 83 88 99 77 59 80 92 54 92 99 90 58 72 94 90 84 95 87 84 99 95 99 69 56

97 79 73 93 71 98 77 94 98 89 33 83 96 69 75 97 98 38 88 84 90 84 88 99 81 69 80 93 43 91 99 95 59 70 95 81 90 95 96 88 99 95 98 76 62

99 92 ... ... ... ... 77 94 98 89 ... 83 95 ... 75 ... 29 55 88 74 84 84 88 99 27 ... ... 93 ... 91 ... ... 8 70 94 81 ... 95 96 87 ... 95 94 76 67

... 98 ... ... ... ... 100 56 54 ... ... ... ... 27 ... ... ... 94 92 91 ... 90 ... ... 86 74 89 88 79 ... ... ... 65 97 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 99 82 88 ...

... ... ... ... ... 100 93 ... 41 76 37 49 ... 10 ... ... ... 63 ... ... ... 69 ... 98 68 48 62 ... 42 84 ... ... 30 81 77 78 ... ... ... 99 ... 91 71 52 88

38

Year

2000

2001 1999 1999 2000 2001 2001 2001 2000

2000 2000 1999 2003 2001 1998–1999 1999 2001 2000 2000 2001

1998–1999 2002–2003 2001 2001

2001 2002 1999 2003 2001

Births attended by skilled health personnelc

Contraceptive prevalence rated

(%)

Year

(%)

Year

100 97 61 ... 61 100 98 74 74 69 65 28 100 6 99 100 ... 86 55 92 100 47 ... 100 41 38 35 86 25 67 100 ... 48 66 90 72 100 ... 99 97 100 100 99 42 89

2005 2004 2001

72.0 ... 31.4 ... ... ... 69.8 65.8 59.2 67.3 ... 8.0 ... 14.7 ... ... ... 32.7 9.6 47.2 ... 25.2 ... ... 43.3 9.1 7.6 37.3 28.1 61.8 ... ... 48.2 60.3 72.9 ... ... ... ... 65.9 55.9 55.8 66.1 39.3 ...

1997

2003 2004 2002k 2004 2005 2002–2003 2000 2002 2005 2005 2002 2002 2000k 2000 2005 2006 2003 2005 2002k 2005 2000 2000k 2005–2006 2005–2006 2005 2005–2006k 2002–2003 2000 2000 2002 2003 2002–2003 2004 2002 2005 2003 2002

2001

2002 1999 2005 2002–2003 2002 2005

2000 2000 2005 2003

2002 2005 2000 2000 2000 2001

1998–1999 2002–2003 1997

1997 2000 2002 1999 2003

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

(%) ... ... 1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 4 ... ... ... ... ... ... 15 ... ... 4 ... ... 1 ... 7 ... ... ... ... ... ... 0 ... <0.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5 ...

Year

2001

2000 2002

2000

2003

2000 2000

2000 2000

2003

HIV-infected pregnant women for PMTCTg

People with advanced HIV infectionsf

Antiretroviral Children therapy coverage aged <5 years sleeping under insecticide-treated bednetse

(%) (%) Dec 2006 Dec 2005 ... ... 11 ... 20 ... 37 34 22 39 24 8 ... ... ... ... ... 35 12 32 ... 16 ... ... 52 10 6 72 39 40 ... ... ... 20 5 0 ... ... ... 56 ... ... 10 44 ...

... ... 2 ... 1 ... 27 22 ... 18 ... 2 ... ... ... ... ... 3 6 ... ... 6 ... ... 10 1 ... ... 7 12 ... ... 2 <1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 20 ...

TB detection rate under DOTSh

TB treatment success under DOTSi

Children aged < 5 years with ARI symptoms taken to facilityj

Children aged < 5 years with diarrhoea receiving ORTj

(%) 2005

(%) 2004 cohort

(%)

(%)

65 99 72 71 42 ... 76 28 63 67 ... 13 64 33 72 ... ... 57 69 91 52 37 ... ... 55 56 79 40 57 82 43 53 61 66 64 43 ... 42 72 61 57 63 72 43 73

73 89 85 88 80 ... 80 85 70 90 ... 85 71 79 ... ... ... 40 86 68 68 72 ... ... 85 72 75 72 80 85 54 50 86 90 84 85 ... 80 ... 46 57 85 72 80 94

... ... ... ... ... ... 60.8 ... 72.6 ... ... 43.6 ... 18.7 ... ... ... 47.7 ... ... ... 44.0 ... ... 37.4 34.5 ... ... 36.3 55.9 ... ... ... 56.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 71.7 48.0 45.5 ...

Year

2002 2005

2002 2005

2000

2003

1999 2005

2000 2005

2003

2002 1999 2003

39

... ... ... ... ... ... 55.0 ... 35.7 ... ... 68.4 ... 37.1 ... ... ... 71.6 ... ... ... 63.3 ... ... 58.6 56.7 ... ... 54.9 66.8 ... ... ... 60.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 63.9 52.6 50.6 ...

Year

2002 2005

2002 2005

2000

2003

1999 2005

2000 2005

2003

2002 1999 2003

Children aged < 5 years with fever who received treatment with any antimalariale

(%)

Year

... ... 45.4 2001 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 48.6 2000 3.6 2002 ... 3.0 2000 ... ... ... ... 55.2 2000 ... ... 62.8 2003 ... ... ... ... 58.4 2000 2.6 2000 11.7 2000 ... ... ... ... 0.7 2002–2003 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 26.5 2003 ...

Children 6–59 months who received vitamin A supplementationj

(%) ... ... ... ... ... ... 30.7 ... 13.8 ... ... 38.0 ... 45.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 78.4 ... ... ... 68.2 ... ... 31.6 ... ... ... ... 75.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 33.3 ...

Year

2002 2005

2002 2005

2003

2005

2000

2003

2003

Births by Caesarean sectionb

(%)

Year

14 2002 ... ... 18 2001 ... ... 32 1999 19 1999 11 2000 16 1998 ... ... 15 2002 1 2000 ... 16 2002 16 1999 6 2000 ... 12 2002 22 2001 4 2003 ... ... 12 1998–1999 2 1999 ... ... 2 2000 ... 23 2002 17 2001 7 1998–1999 4 2002–2003 ... ... 19 2000 17 2001 32 1999 ... ... 16 2002 11 1998 4 2003 ...

56835

83347-9473

Health service coverage

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Member State

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135

Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People’s Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines

WHO region

EMR EUR WPR EUR EMR AFR AFR EMR EUR EUR AFR AFR WPR SEAR AFR EUR WPR AFR AFR AMR WPR EUR WPR EUR EMR AFR SEAR AFR WPR SEAR EUR WPR AMR AFR AFR WPR EUR EMR EMR WPR AMR WPR AMR AMR WPR

Immunization coverage among 1-year-oldsa

Antenatal care coverageb

Measles

DTP3

HepB3

At least 1 visit

At least 4 visits

(%) 2005

(%) 2005

(%) 2005

(%)

(%)

99 99 41 95 96 85 94 97 97 95 59 82 90 97 86 86 86 61 98 96 96 99 99 ... 97 77 72 73 80 74 96 82 96 83 35 99 90 98 78 98 99 60 90 80 80

99 98 49 99 92 83 87 98 94 99 61 93 90 98 85 92 77 71 97 98 94 99 99 ... 98 72 73 86 80 75 98 89 86 89 25 85 91 99 72 98 85 61 75 84 79

99 97 49 98 88 83 ... 97 95 95 61 93 90 98 85 78 89 42 97 98 91 99 98 ... 96 72 62 ... 80 41 ... 87 86 ... ... 86 ... 99 73 98 85 63 75 84 44

... 88 44 ... ... 91 ... ... ... ... 91 94 ... 98 53 ... ... 63 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 71 ... 85 ... 49 ... ... 85 39 61 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 85 94

... 81 29 ... 87 88 84 81 ... ... 38 55 ... 81 30 ... ... 16 ... 86 ... ... 97 ... ... 41 76 69 ... 15 ... ... 72 11 47 ... ... ... ... ... 72 78 89 69 70

40

Year

1997 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001

1997 2000 2001 2001

2000–2001 2001

2001

1997 2001 2000 2001

2001 1998 2003

2001 2001 2001 2000 2003

Births attended by skilled health personnelc

Contraceptive prevalence rated

(%)

Year

(%)

100 98 19 100 98 55 51 99 100 100 51 56 100 70 41 100 95 57 99 93 88 ... 100 ... 63 48 68 76 ... 19 100 97 67 16 35 100 ... 98 31 100 91 42 77 71 60

2002 2005 2001 2005 2004 2004k 1999–2000 1999 2005 2002 2003–2004 2004–2005 2005 2001k 2001 2006 2002 2000–2001k 2005 2003 2001

... 59.5 32.2 ... ... 37.3 ... ... ... ... 27.1 32.5 ... 42.0 8.1 ... ... 8.0 75.9 68.4 ... ... 67.4 ... 63.0 16.5 37.0 43.7 ... 39.3 ... ... 68.6 14.0 12.6 ... ... ... 27.6 ... ... ... 72.8 70.5 48.9

2004 2003–2004 2003–2004 2003 2000 2006 2003 2001 2001 2000k 2003k 2005 2005 2004–2005 2002 2004 2004 2004 2004k 2003

Year

1997 2000

2004

2003–2004 2004 1999 2001

2000–2001 2002 1997

2000 2003–2004 2003–2004 2001 2000 2001

2001 2000 2003

2000–2001

2004 2003–2004 2003

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

(%) ... ... 15 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0 36 ... ... ... ... ... 2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Year

2002 ...

2000 2004

2003-2004

2000 2003

HIV-infected pregnant women for PMTCTg

People with advanced HIV infectionsf

Antiretroviral Children therapy coverage aged <5 years sleeping under insecticide-treated bednetse

(%) (%) Dec 2006 Dec 2005 ... ... ... ... ... 31 ... ... ... ... 1 43 22 ... 37 ... ... 17 ... 76 ... ... ... ... 41 14 7 71 ... 4 ... ... 35 6 15 ... ... ... <1 ... 70 8 64 50 10

... ... ... ... ... 12 ... ... ... ... <1 6 10 ... 3 ... ... 1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 6 8 29 ... ... ... ... ... 1 <1 ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 ... 9 ...

TB detection rate under DOTSh

TB treatment success under DOTSi

Children aged < 5 years with ARI symptoms taken to facilityj

Children aged < 5 years with diarrhoea receiving ORTj

(%) 2005

(%) 2004 cohort

(%)

(%)

66 67 68 83 74 85 50 178 100 59 67 39 73 94 21 50 77 28 32 110 61 ... 82 ... 101 49 95 90 ... 67 47 51 88 50 22 0 44 108 37 64 131 21 33 86 75

63 85 86 73 90 69 70 64 72 ... 71 71 56 95 71 100 90 22 89 82 80 ... 88 ... 87 77 84 68 ... 87 83 66 87 61 73 0 89 90 82 100 78 65 83 90 87

... ... ... ... ... 54.4 ... ... ... ... 39.3 19.6 ... ... 42.8 ... ... 39.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... 34.5 51.4 ... 53.1 ... 23.7 ... ... 57.4 28.1 31.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 68.0 46.3

Year

2005

2004 2004

2001

2001

2004 2003 2000 2001

2001 2006 2003

2004 2003

41

... 73.5 ... ... ... 79.6 ... ... ... ... 58.1 70.1 ... ... 65.7 ... ... 47.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... 54.0 70.5 ... 65.8 ... 46.5 ... ... 67.7 52.9 40.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 70.6 58.9

Year

1997

2005

2004 2004

2001

2001

2004 2003 2000 2001

2001 2006 2003

2004 2003

Children aged < 5 years with fever who received treatment with any antimalariale

(%)

Year

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 41.1 2004 31.6 2004 ... ... 37.6 2003 ... ... 33.4 2003–2004 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 14.4 2000 ... ... ... ... 1.8 2001 48.1 2000 33.8 2003 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Children 6–59 months who received vitamin A supplementationj

(%) ... ... ... ... ... 54.6 ... ... ... ... 76.2 65.4 ... ... 40.9 ... ... 57.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... 25.5 49.8 ... 38.1 ... 81.0 ... ... 65.3 ... 33.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 76.0

Year

2005

2004 2004

2001

2001

2004 2003 2000 2001

2001 2003

2003

Births by Caesarean sectionb

(%)

Year

... 6 1997 ... 17 2002 23 1998 ... ... ... 15 2002 19 2000 1 1997 3 2000 ... ... 1 2001 25 2002 ... 3 2000–2001 ... ... ... ... 5 2000 ... ... 3 1997 ... ... ... 1 2001 14 2002 19 1999 15 2001 1 1998 2 2003 ... 16 2001 ... ... ... ... ... ... 13 2000 7 2003

56835

83347-9473

Health service coverage

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Member State

WHO region

Immunization coverage among 1-year-oldsa

Antenatal care coverageb

Contraceptive prevalence rated

Measles

DTP3

HepB3

At least 1 visit

At least 4 visits

(%) 2005

(%) 2005

(%) 2005

(%)

(%)

(%)

Year

(%)

Year

100 100 100 100 100

2005 2001 2002 2003 2005l

... ... 43.2 80.5 62.4

1998 1997 2000

98 99 39 100 100 100 100 ... 79 96 52 ... ... 42 100 100 100 85 25 92 ... 97 57 71 70 ... 100 90 71 99 99 18 49 98 97 90 83 97 100 39

2005 2005 2005k 2005 2004 2005 2004

63.8 72.8 13.2 ... ... ... ... ... 29.3 ... 11.8 ... ... 4.3 62.0 ... ... ... ... 56.3 ... 70.0 ... 42.1 27.7 ... ... ... 33.9 72.2 ... 10.0 25.7 ... 38.2 63.0 63.9 61.8 ... 22.8

136 137 138 139 140

Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova

EUR EUR EMR WPR EUR

98 93 99 99 97

99 93 97 96 98

98 94 97 99 99

... ... 62 ... 99

... ... 58 ... ...

141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180

Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda

EUR EUR AFR AMR AMR AMR WPR EUR AFR EMR AFR EUR AFR AFR WPR EUR EUR WPR EMR AFR EUR SEAR EMR AMR AFR EUR EUR EMR EUR SEAR EUR SEAR AFR WPR AMR EMR EUR EUR WPR AFR

97 99 89 99 94 97 57 94 88 96 74 96 99 67 96 98 94 72 35 82 97 99 60 91 60 94 82 98 84 96 96 48 70 99 93 96 91 99 62 86

97 98 95 99 95 99 64 95 97 96 84 98 99 64 96 99 96 80 35 94 96 99 59 83 71 99 93 99 81 98 97 55 82 99 95 98 90 99 93 84

98 97 95 99 95 99 60 95 96 96 84 65 99 ... 96 99 ... 72 ... 94 96 99 52 83 71 ... ... 99 81 96 53 ... ... 99 95 97 85 99 79 84

89 96 93 ... ... ... ... ... 91 ... 82 ... ... 82 ... ... ... ... ... 89 ... ... ... 91 ... ... ... ... 75 ... ... ... 78 ... 96 ... 67 87 ... 92

... ... 10 100 100 92 ... ... ... ... 64 ... ... 68 ... ... ... ... 32 72 ... 98 75 91 ... ... ... 51 ... 86 ... ... 46 ... 98 79 42 83 ... 40

42

Year

Births attended by skilled health personnelc

1998 1997 1999 1999 2001 2001 2001 2001

2000 1999

2001

2001 1998 2001 2001 2001

2001 2000 2001

1998 2001 2001 1998 2000 2000–2001

2000 2004 2005

2000 2004 2004 2005 1999 2002 2003–2004 2000 1999m 2000k 2000 2006 2004 2000 2000 2005 2002 2000 2004 2002 2000 2003 2000 2002 2000–2001

1999 1999 2000

2000 2005

2000 1997

1998 2000 2000 2000

2000 1996–1997 2003 2000 2000 2001 1998 2000 2000–2001

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

(%)

Year

HIV-infected pregnant women for PMTCTg

People with advanced HIV infectionsf

Antiretroviral Children therapy coverage aged <5 years sleeping under insecticide-treated bednetse

(%) (%) Dec 2006 Dec 2005

TB detection rate under DOTSh

TB treatment success under DOTSi

Children aged < 5 years with ARI symptoms taken to facilityj

Children aged < 5 years with diarrhoea receiving ORTj

(%) 2005

(%) 2004 cohort

(%)

(%)

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... 6

62 85 47 18 65

79 84 78 80 62

... ... ... ... 54.4

... ... 5 ... ... ... ... ... 23 ... 2 ... ... 2 ... ... ... ... 0 ... ... ... 0 3 0 ... ... ... 2 ... ... 4 2 ... ... ... ... ... ... 0

... 11 72 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 34 ... ... 14 ... ... ... ... <1 33 ... <8 1 93 42 ... ... ... <5 88 ... 0 24 ... 45 ... ... ... ... 41

... 84 36 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 ... ... 1 ... ... ... ... ... 30 ... ... <1 ... 34 ... ... ... 12 ... ... ... 8 ... ... ... ... ... ... 11

82 30 29 0 92 39 66 ... ... 38 51 79 65 37 100 39 84 55 86 103 ... 86 35 ... 42 56 ... 42 22 73 66 44 18 96 ... 82 3 43 35 45

82 59 77 ... 64 86 100 ... ... 82 74 91 92 82 81 88 90 87 91 70 ... 85 77 ... 50 64 ... 86 84 74 84 80 67 ... ... 90 91 86 100 70

... ... 26.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 40.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 75.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 41.0 ... ... 29.6

2000

2000 2000

2000

1999

2000 2000 2000

2000

2002 2000

2000-2001

Year

2005

2005

2005

1998

2003

2001

43

Year

Children aged < 5 years with fever who received treatment with any antimalariale

(%)

Year

Children 6–59 months who received vitamin A supplementationj

(%)

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

... ... 31.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 52.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 89.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 53.1

... ... 12.6 ... ... ... ... ... 61.2 ... 36.2 ... ... 60.7 ... ... ... ... 18.5 ... ... ... 50.2 ... 25.5 ... ... ... 68.9 ... ... 47.4 60.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

... ... 84.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 75.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 37.6

2005

2005

1998

2001

2000

2000 2000

2000

1999

2000 2000

2000

2002 2000

Year

Births by Caesarean sectionb

(%) ... 30 16 ... 6

2005

2005

2001

Year

2001 1998 1997

11 1999 12 1999 2 2000 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2 1997 ... ... 2 1997 ... 18 2002 14 2002 ... ... 16 1998 ... ... ... ... ... 17 2001 10 2002 ... 2 2002 ... 10 2001 ... 2 1998 ... ... 8 2000 14 1998 4 2000 ... 3 2000–2001

56835

83347-9473

Health service coverage

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Member State

181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194

Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe The former state union of Serbia and Montenegron

WHO region

Immunization coverage among 1-year-oldsa

Antenatal care coverageb

Measles

DTP3

HepB3

At least 1 visit

At least 4 visits

(%) 2005

(%) 2005

(%) 2005

(%)

(%)

EUR EMR EUR AFR AMR AMR EUR WPR AMR WPR EMR AFR AFR EUR

96 92 82 91 93 95 99 70 76 95 76 84 85 ...

96 94 91 90 96 96 99 66 87 95 86 80 90 ...

97 92 ... 90 92 96 99 56 88 94 86 80 90 ...

90 ... ... 96 ... ... ... ... ... 70 34 94 82 ...

... ... ... 69 ... 94 ... ... 90 29 11 71 64 ...

AFR AMR SEAR EUR EMR WPR

65 92 65 93 82 87 77

67 92 66 95 82 87 78

39 85 27 76 74 76 55

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Year

1999

1999 2001

2001 2002 1997 2001–2002 1999

Births attended by skilled health personnelc

Contraceptive prevalence rated

(%)

Year

(%)

Year

100 100 99 46 99 99 96 87 94 85 20 43 80 93

2005 2003 1998 2004–2005 2003 2004 2000 2003 2000 2002 2003 2001–2002 2005–2006 2001

67.5 ... 84.0 26.4 72.9 ... 67.7 ... ... 78.5 20.8 34.2 53.5 58.3

1999 2002 2004–2005 2002 2002

2002 1997 2001–2002 1999 2000

Region African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Paciﬁc Region Global

44 91 49 95 53 81 63

23.7 72.0 51.5 68.3 39.9 84.7 61.9

... Data not available or not applicable; AFR, African Region; AMR, Region of the Americas; SEAR, South-East Asia Region; EUR, European Region; EMR, Eastern Mediterranean Region; WPR, Western Paciﬁc Region. The global values for rates and ratios are weighted averages; for absolute numbers they are the sums of all WHO regions. a DTP3, 3 doses of diphtheria–tetanus toxoid–pertussis vaccine; HepB3, 3 doses of Hepatitis B vaccine. WHO/UNICEF estimates of national immunization coverage [online database.]. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2006 (http://www.who.int/immunization_monitoring/routine/immunization_coverage/en/ index4.html). Estimates based on data available up to August 2006. For countries recommending the ﬁrst dose of measles among children older than 12 months of age, the indicator is calculated as the proportion of children less than 24 months of age receiving one dose of measles containing vaccine. b The World Health Report 2005: make every mother and child count. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2005 (http://www.who.int/whr/2005/en/index. html). c WHO global database on births attended by skill health personnel, Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007. d Percentage of women using contraception among those of reproductive age who are married or living with a partner. Source: World contraceptive use 2005 [CD-ROM]. New York, Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Secretariat, 2006. Additional updated information obtained by WHO’s Department of Reproductive Health and Research directly from the UN Population Division. e World malaria report 2005. Geneva, World Health Organization, United Nations Children’s Fund, 2005. Values for Cameroon and Chad have been updated for this report. f Towards universal access: scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector. Geneva, World Health Organization, UNAIDS, United Nations Children’s Fund, 2007. See Annex 1: Estimated number of people receiving antiretroviral therapy, people needing antiretroviral therapy and percentage coverage in WHO Member States. Ranges of estimates are available from this document. g PMTCT, preventing mother-to-child transmission. The coverage estimate is calculated by dividing the number of pregnant HIV-infected women who received antiretrovirals for PMTCT by the estimated unrounded number of pregnant HIV-infected women. Source: Towards universal access: scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector. Geneva, World Health Organization, UNAIDS, United Nations Children’s Fund, 2007. See Annex 3: Preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV in low- and middle-income countries, 2005. Ranges of estimates are available from this document.

44

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

(%)

Year

... ... ... 2 ... ... ... ... ... 16 ... 7 ... ...

1999

2000 2001-2002

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

HIV-infected pregnant women for PMTCTg

People with advanced HIV infectionsf

Antiretroviral Children therapy coverage aged <5 years sleeping under insecticide-treated bednetse

(%) (%) Dec 2006 Dec 2005

TB detection rate under DOTSh

TB treatment success under DOTSi

Children aged < 5 years with ARI symptoms taken to facilityj

Children aged < 5 years with diarrhoea receiving ORTj

(%) 2005

(%) 2004 cohort

(%)

(%)

... ... ... 18 ... 51 ... ... 71 17 0 35 15 ...

90 ... ... 6 ... ... ... ... ... 7 ... 15 9 ...

... 19 ... 45 85 83 39 61 73 84 41 52 41 ...

... 70 ... 81 61 ... 78 90 81 93 82 83 54 ...

... ... ... 56.6 ... ... ... ... ... 71.3 32.2 69.1 49.8 ...

29 ... 18 ... ... 30 ...

11 ... 6 ... ... 4 ...

50 65 64 35 44 76 60

74 80 87 74 83 91 84

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Year

2005

2002 1997 2002 1999

... ... ... 70.0 ... ... ... ... ... 74.0 64.6 66.9 79.7 ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

h

Year

2005

2002 1997 2002 1999

Children aged < 5 years with fever who received treatment with any antimalariale

(%)

Year

... ... ... 53.4 1999 ... ... ... ... ... 6.5 2000 ... 51.9 2001–2002 ... ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Children 6–59 months who received vitamin A supplementationj

(%) ... ... ... 41.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 67.4 ... ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Year

2005

2002

Births by Caesarean sectionb

(%)

Year

9 1999 ... 17 1997 3 1999 23 2000 ... ... ... ... 10 2002 1 1997 2 2001–2002 7 1999 ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

TB, tuberculosis; DOTS, internationally recommended TB control strategy. The detection rate is the number of new smear-positive cases notiﬁed to WHO divided by the estimated number of new smear-positive cases. Source: Global tuberculosis control: surveillance, planning, ﬁnancing. WHO report 2007. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007 (WHO/HTM/TB/2007.376) (http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report). i The treatment success rate is the percentage of new smear-positive patients registered for treatment under DOTS during 2004 who were cured (with laboratory conﬁrmation) or completed their course of treatment. Source: Global tuberculosis control: surveillance, planning, ﬁnancing. WHO report 2007. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007 (WHO/HTM/TB/2007.376) (http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report). j ARI, acute respiratory infection; ORT, oral rehydration therapy. Data compiled by the Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, WHO, from Demographic and Health Surveys: ﬁnal reports, 2007 (http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/search/search_results.cfm?Type=5&srchTp=type& newSrch=1, accessed 15 February 2007). k In this case, data do not relate to “skilled health personnel” as deﬁned in the document Making pregnancy safer: the critical role of the skilled attendant. A joint statement by WHO, ICM and FIGO. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004. Further information can be found at http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/global_monitoring/RHRxmls/RHRmainpage.htm. l Excludes Transnistria region. m Covers Northern Sudan and selected sites in Southern Sudan. n See footnote o to the table on Health status: mortality.

45

56835

83347-9473

Risk factors

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Member State

WHO region

Children aged <5 years stunted for agea

(%)

Year

Both sexes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d’Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus

EMR EUR AFR EUR AFR AMR AMR EUR WPR EUR EUR AMR EMR SEAR AMR EUR EUR AMR AFR SEAR AMR EUR AFR AMR WPR EUR AFR AFR WPR AFR AMR AFR AFR AFR AMR WPR AMR AFR AFR WPR AMR AFR EUR AMR EUR

53.6 39.2 21.6 ... 50.8 ... 8.2 18.2 ... ... 24.1 ... ... 50.5 ... ... ... ... 39.1 47.7 32.5 12.1 29.1 ... ... 8.8 43.1 63.1 49.2 35.4 ... ... 44.6 44.8 2.7 18.6 16.2 46.9 31.2 ... ... 31.5 ... 9.6 ...

1997 2000 2002 2001 2004–2005 2005

2000

2004

2001 1999 2003–2004 2000 2000

2004 2003 2000 2000 2004

2000 2004 2006 2002 2005 2000 2005

1998–1999 2000

Children aged <5 years underweight for agea (%)

Year

Both sexes 46.2 17.0 10.2 ... 27.5 ... 2.3 4.2 ... ... 14.0 ... ... 42.7 ... ... ... ... 21.5 14.1 5.9 4.2 10.7 3.7 ... 1.6 35.2 38.9 39.5 15.1 ... ... 21.8 33.9 0.8 6.1 5.1 25.0 11.8 ... ... 18.2 ... 4.3 ...

46

1997 2000 2002 2001 2004–2005 2005

2000

2004

2001 1999 2003–2004 2000 2000 2002–2003 2004 2003 2000 2000 2004

2000 2004 2006 2002 2004–2005 2000 2005

1998–1999 2000

Children aged <5 years overweight for agea (%)

Year

Both sexes ... 30.0 15.4 ... 5.3 ... 9.9 11.7 ... ... 6.2 ... ... 0.9 ... ... ... ... 3.0 3.9 9.2 16.3 10.4 ... ... 13.6 5.4 1.4 4.0 8.7 ... ... 10.8 4.4 11.7 6.1 4.2 21.5 8.5 ... ... 4.6 ... ... ...

... 2000 2002 2001 2004–2005 2005

2000

2004

2001 1999 2003–2004 2000 2000

2004 2003 2000 2000 2004

2000 2004 2006 2002 2004–2005 2000 2005

1998–1999

Lowbirthweight newbornsb

Adults aged ≥15 years who are obesec

(%) Both sexes 2000–2002 ... 3 7 ... 12 8 7 7 7 7 11 7 8 30 10 5 8 6 16 15 9 4 10 10 10 10 19 16 11 11 6 13 14 17 5 6 9 25 ... 3 7 17 6 6 ...

(%) Male ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 19.4 ... ... ... 23.3 ... ... ... 11.9 ... ... ... ... 16.5 ... 8.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... 15.9 ... ... ... 19.0 2.4 8.8 ... ... 55.7 ... ... 21.6 ... ...

Year

Female ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 14.1 22.0 ... 12.4 ... 34.1 ... ... ... 13.4 ... 6.1 ... 15.1 25.2 ... 13.1 ... ... 2.4 ... 0.7 8.2 13.9 ... ... ... 25.0 3.4 16.6 ... ... 60.5 ... 5.0 22.7 ... ...

2000–2001m 1999–2000n 2001k 1998–1999n

2004o 2001m 2003m 2002n 2002–2003n

2003m 2000m 2004m 2003n,o

2003n 2002n 2005n

2003n 1998–1999m 2003n

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

Access to improved drinking water sourcesd

Access to improved sanitationd

Population using solid fuelse

(%)

(%)

(%)

Urban 2004

Rural 2004

Urban 2004

Rural 2004

63 99 88 100 75 95 98 99 100 100 95 98 100 82

31 94 80 100 40 89 80 80 100 100 59 86 ... 72

49 99 99 100 56 98 92 96 100 100 73 100 100 51

29 84 82 100 16 94 83 61 100 100 36 100 ... 35

100 100 100 100 78 86 95 99 100 96 ... 100 94 92 64 86 100 86 93 41 100 93 99 92 84 98 100 97 100 95 100

100 100 100 82 57 60 68 96 90 57 ... 97 54 77 35 44 99 73 61 43 58 67 71 82 27 88 92 74 100 78 100

99 93 100 71 59 65 60 99 57 83 ... 100 42 47 53 58 100 61 47 24 95 69 96 41 28 100 89 46 100 99 100

100 61 100 25 11 70 22 92 25 37 ... 96 6 35 8 43 99 19 12 4 62 28 54 29 25 100 97 29 100 95 100

Urban 2003

Prevalence of current tobacco use (%)f

Adults (≥15 years)h

Adolescents (13–15 years)g Rural 2003

Both sexes

... ... ... ... ... ... ... 9 ... ... ... ... ... 54

... ... ... ... ... ... ... 54 ... ... ... ... ... 99

... 13.0 ... ... ... 14.1 ... 7.3 ... ... ... 11.9 19.9 ...

... ... ... ... 88 ... 5 21 ... 5 ... ... 91 98 82 62 ... ... ... 95 ... ... 3 46 84 ... ... 63 7 ... ...

... ... ... ... 99 ... 80 75 ... 53 ... ... 100 100 99 98 ... ... ... 98 ... ... 48 90 98 ... ... 95 24 ... ...

14.8 26.9 ... 18.1 14.5 18.1 ... ... 11.3 ... ... 34.3 ... ... 5.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 45.1 18.7 ... 18.9 ... ...

Year

2004

2004 2004

2004 2002 2002 2004 2002 2003 2004

2001

2002

2003

2003 2002 2003

Per capita recorded alcohol consumptioni (litres of pure alcohol) among adults (≥15 years)

Male

Female

... 46.3 ... ... ... ... ... 67.5 ... ... ... ... 15.0 58.2

... 3.0 ... ... ... ... ... 3.1 ... ... ... ... 3.1 8.2

... ... 28.0 ... ... ... ... 54.2 ... 26.3 ... ... 24.2 ... ... ... 22.0 ... ... 18.3 48.3 57.4 ... 27.5 16.5 ... ... 20.7 31.6 ... ...

... ... 20.0 ... ... ... ... 34.2 ... 17.5 ... ... 11.1 ... ... ... 18.0 ... ... 3.7 36.8 3.5 ... 17.0 1.7 ... ... 3.2 22.9 ... ...

47

Year

2002k,l

2001m

2001 2003n

2001

2003n 2003n

2003n

2003l

2003n 2003n 2003n,p 2003n,p 2003n,p

2003n,p 2003n

Prevalence of condom use by young people (15–24 years) at higher risk sexj (%)

2003

Male

Female

0.01 2.01 0.16 ... 3.86 5.73 8.40 1.48 9.02 11.08 4.54 10.40 6.98

... ... ... ... ... ... ... 44 ... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

0.00 ... 5.53 10.63 6.25 1.29 0.23 3.23 9.05 4.29 5.76 0.12 5.86 5.01 9.10 1.48 3.77 7.80 4.78 1.53 0.31 6.60 5.20 5.68 0.31 2.60 3.73 5.65 1.77 12.25 2.26 11.52

... ... ... ... ... 34 ... 37 ... 88 ... ... ... 67 ... ... 57 ... ... ... 25 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ... 19 ... 20 ... 75 ... ... ... 54 ... ... 46 ... ... ... 17 ... ... 30 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Year

2000

2001 2003 2000

2003

2004

2004

2000

56835

83347-9473

Risk factors

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Member State

WHO region

Children aged <5 years stunted for agea

(%)

Year

Both sexes 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

Czech Republic Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati

EUR SEAR AFR EUR EMR AMR AMR AMR EMR AMR AFR AFR EUR AFR WPR EUR EUR AFR AFR EUR EUR AFR EUR AMR AMR AFR AFR AMR AMR AMR EUR EUR SEAR SEAR EMR EMR EUR EUR EUR AMR WPR EMR EUR AFR WPR

2.6 44.7 44.4 ... 28.6 ... 11.7 29.0 23.8 24.6 42.6 43.7 ... 50.7 ... ... ... 26.3 24.1 15.2 ... 35.6 ... ... 54.3 39.3 36.1 13.8 28.3 29.9 ... ... 51.0 28.6 19.7 28.3 ... ... ... 4.5 ... 12.0 13.9 35.8 ...

2001–2002 2002 2001 2002 2002 2004 2005 2002–2003 2000 2002 2005

2000–2001 2000 1999 2003

2002 2005 2000 2000 2000 2005–2006

1998–1999 2004 1998 2000

2004 2002 1999 2003

Children aged <5 years underweight for agea (%)

Year

Both sexes 2.1 17.8 33.6 ... 23.9 ... 4.2 6.2 5.4 6.1 15.7 34.5 ... 34.6 ... ... ... 8.8 15.4 3.4 ... 18.8 ... ... 17.7 22.5 21.9 11.9 13.9 8.6 ... ... 44.4 19.7 9.1 12.9 ... ... ... 3.1 ... 3.6 3.8 16.5 ...

48

2001–2002 2002 2001 2002 2002 2004 2005 2002–2003 2000 2002 2005

2000–2001 2000 1999 2003

2002 2005 2000 2000 2000 2005–2006

1998–1999 2004 1998 2000

2004 2002 1999 2003

Children aged <5 years overweight for agea (%)

Year

Both sexes 4.4 0.9 6.5 ... ... ... 8.6 5.1 14.1 5.8 14.0 1.6 ... 5.1 ... ... ... 5.6 3.0 17.7 ... 4.5 ... ... 5.6 5.1 5.1 5.5 3.1 5.8 ... ... 3.6 5.1 7.0 5.5 ... ... ... 7.5 ... 4.7 5.3 5.8 ...

2001–2002 2002 2001

2002 2004 2005 2002–2003 2000 2002 2005

2000–2001 2000 1999 2003

2002 2005 2000 2000 2000 2005–2006

1998–1999 2004 1998 2000

2004 2002 1999 2003

Lowbirthweight newbornsb

Adults aged ≥15 years who are obesec

(%) Both sexes 2000–2002 7 7 12 5 ... 10 11 16 12 13 13 21 4 15 10 4 7 14 17 6 7 11 8 9 13 12 22 12 21 14 9 4 30 9 7 15 6 8 6 9 8 10 8 11 5

(%) Male 13.7 ... ... 9.8 ... ... 12.7 ... 12.6 ... ... ... 13.7 ... 9.8 21.2 ... ... ... ... 13.6 ... 26.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 17.1 12.4 0.3 1.1 5.6 ... 14.0 19.8 9.3 ... 2.9 ... ... ... ...

Year

Female 16.3 2002n,o ... ... 9.1 2000n,o ... ... 18.3 1996–1998n ... 33.0 1998–1999n ... ... 1.6 2002m 14.9 2004n,o 0.3 2000m 26.4 2002n 23.5 2000–2001n ... 8.2 2000m ... ... 12.3 2002–2003n,o 8.1 2003m 18.2 2004n ... 12.2 1998–1999m 2.6 1999m ... ... 7.8 2000m ... 18.2 2003–2004n,o 12.3 2002o 0.6 1998n 3.6 2001 14.2 1999 ... 12.0 2002n,o 25.4 1999–2001n 8.7 2003n,o ... 3.3 2001 26.3 2002m 12.7 1999m 6.3 2003m ...

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

Access to improved drinking water sourcesd

Access to improved sanitationd

Population using solid fuelse

(%)

(%)

(%)

Urban 2004

Rural 2004

Urban 2004

100 100 82 100 76 100 97 97 99 94 45 74 100 81 43 100 100 95 95 96 100 88 ... 97 99 78 79 83 52 95 100 100 95 87 99 97 100 100 100 98 100 99 97 83 77

100 100 29 100 59 90 91 89 97 70 42 57 99 11 51 100 100 47 77 67 100 64 ... 93 92 35 49 83 56 81 98 100 83 69 84 50 ... 100 ... 88 100 91 73 46 53

99 58 42 100 88 86 81 94 86 77 60 32 97 44 87 100 ... 37 72 96 100 27 ... 96 90 31 57 86 57 87 100 100 59 73 ... 95 ... 100 ... 91 100 94 87 46 59

Rural 2004 97 60 25 100 50 75 73 82 58 39 46 3 96 7 55 100 ... 30 46 91 100 11 ... 97 82 11 23 60 14 54 85 100 22 40 ... 48 ... ... ... 69 100 87 52 41 22

Prevalence of current tobacco use (%)f

Adults (≥15 years)h

Adolescents (13–15 years)g

Urban 2003

Rural 2003

Both sexes

1 ... ... ... 2 ... 7 1 0 ... ... 31 10 78 ... ... ... 14 ... 11 ... 75 ... ... 32 ... ... ... 91 ... ... ... 22 20 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 17 ...

5 ... ... ... 50 ... 35 8 4 ... ... 97 34 100 ... ... ... 81 ... 78 ... 96 ... ... 86 ... ... ... 100 ... ... ... 89 83 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 11 94 ...

34.6 ... ... ... 14.9 17.2 14.9 ... 12.6 19.0 ... 6.6 29.5 ... 12.2 ... ... ... ... 24.6 ... 11.7 16.2 16.7 16.2 ... ... 14.9 ... ... 27.8 ... 17.5 ... 13.0 ... ... ... ... 19.3 ... 28.5 11.4 12.7 ...

Year 2002

2003 2004 2004 2005 2003 2006 2003 2005

2003 2006 2005 2004 2002

2004

2003 2004 2003

2000 2003 2004 2001

Per capita recorded alcohol consumptioni (litres of pure alcohol) among adults (≥15 years)

Male

Female

38.9 ... ... ... ... ... 17.2 28.7 ... ... ... ... 56.5 7.3 ... ... ... ... ... 60.3 33.2 9.9 ... ... 24.4 ... ... ... ... ... 42.7 22.0 42.0 69.0 ... ... 23.7 38.6 ... ... 47.9 50.5 52.3 27.2 ...

25.1 ... ... ... ... ... 12.4 7.0 ... ... ... ... 24.8 0.6 ... ... ... ... ... 6.2 22.1 1.3 ... ... 3.5 ... ... ... ... ... 31.3 23.0 8.5 3.0 ... ... 24.3 22.1 ... ... 12.2 8.3 9.7 1.9 ...

49

Prevalence of condom use by young people (15–24 years) at higher risk sexj (%)

Year

2003

Male

2003n

12.99 3.26 1.86 11.71 1.79 7.50 6.66 2.36 0.21 3.72 3.38 0.59 9.00 0.86 1.72 9.31 11.43 8.01 2.59 1.47 11.99 1.57 9.01 6.67 1.46 0.20 2.19 3.84 8.30 2.92 13.60 6.99 0.29 0.09 0.00 0.21 13.69 2.47 8.02 1.74 7.59 0.31 2.96 1.51 0.45

... ... ... ... ... ... 52 ... ... ... ... ... ... 30 ... ... ... 48 ... ... ... 52 ... ... ... 42 ... ... 30 ... ... ... 59 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 47 ...

2003n 2003n

2003n 2003n

2003n 2003 2003n

2003n

2003n 2005 2003n,p 2001

2005 2001n,q

2003l,n 2002l,n 2003n 2003n

Female ... ... ... ... ... ... 29 ... ... ... ... ... ... 17 ... ... ... 33 ... ... ... 33 ... ... ... 27 ... ... 19 ... ... ... 51 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 25 ...

Year

2002

2000

2000

2003

2005

2000

2001

2003

56835

83347-9473

Risk factors

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Member State

WHO region

Children aged <5 years stunted for agea

(%)

Year

Both sexes 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135

Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People’s Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria

EMR EUR WPR EUR EMR AFR AFR EMR EUR EUR AFR AFR WPR SEAR AFR EUR WPR AFR AFR AMR WPR EUR WPR EUR EMR AFR SEAR AFR WPR SEAR EUR WPR AMR AFR AFR

6.7 32.6 48.2 ... 5.8 53.0 45.3 ... ... ... 52.8 52.5 20.0 31.9 42.7 ... ... 39.5 ... 15.5 ... ... 23.5 13.0 23.1 47.0 40.6 29.5 ... 57.1 ... ... 25.2 54.2 43.0

Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines

WPR EUR EMR EMR WPR AMR WPR AMR AMR WPR

... ... 15.9 41.5 ... 21.5 43.9 ... 31.3 33.8

1996–1997 1997 2000 1997 2000 1999–2000

2003–2004 2004–2005 1999 2001 2001

2000–2001 2006

2004 2000 2003–2004 2003 2003 2000 2001

2001 2000 2003

1998 2001 1997 2005 2000 2003

Children aged <5 years underweight for agea (%)

Year

Both sexes 1.9 8.2 36.4 ... 4.3 15.0 22.8 ... ... ... 36.8 18.4 16.2 25.7 30.1 ... ... 30.4 ... 3.4 ... ... 4.8 2.3 9.9 21.2 29.6 20.3 ... 43.0 ... ... 7.8 43.6 27.2 ... ... 13.1 31.3 ... 6.3 18.1 ... 5.2 20.7

50

1996–1997 1997 2000 2004 2000 1999–2000

2003–2004 2004–2005 1999 2001 2001

2000–2001 2006

2004 2000 2003–2004 2003 2003 2000 2001

2001 2000 2003

1998 2001 1997 2005 2000 2003

Children aged <5 years overweight for agea (%)

Year

Both sexes 9.2 9.2 2.7 ... ... 21.0 4.6 ... ... ... 6.2 10.2 5.9 3.9 3.1 ... ... 3.8 ... 7.6 ... ... 6.1 ... 13.3 6.3 2.4 3.3 ... 0.7 ... ... 7.1 1.6 6.2 ... ... 1.7 4.8 ... 6.2 ... ... 11.8 2.4

1996–1997 1997 2000

2000 1999–2000

2003–2004 2004–2005 1999 2001 2001

2000–2001 2006

2004 2003–2004 2003 2003 2000 2001

2001 2000 2003

1998 2001 1997

2000 2003

Lowbirthweight newbornsb

Adults aged ≥15 years who are obesec

(%) Both sexes 2000–2002

(%) Male

Year

Female

7 7 14 5 6 14 ... 7 4 8 14 16 10 22 23 6 12 ... 13 9 18 ... 8 0 11 14 15 14 ... 21 ... 6 12 17 14

27.6 ... 0.7 11.9 14.3 ... ... ... 14.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... 25.0 ... ... 7.5 18.6 ... ... 7.2 ... 8.2 ... ... ... 55.7 ... 10.2 21.9 ... ... ...

29.9 8.6 1.6 19.5 18.8 16.1 ... ... 16.9 ... 1.0 2.1 ... ... 3.7 21.3 ... 16.7 19.8 28.1 ... ... 12.5 ... 21.7 3.9 ... ... 60.5 1.0 11.9 23.2 18.0 1.6 5.8

... 5 8 19 9 10 11 9 11 20

... 6.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... 11.5 3.0

... 5.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... 19.9 6.2

1998–2000r 1997m 2000 2004o 1997n 2004

2004n,o 2003–2004 2000m

2001m 2002n,o 2000–2001m 1998n 2000n

2006 2000n 2003

2004n 2001 1998–2001 2002–2003 2001m 1998 2003m 1998n,o

2000n 1998n

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

Access to improved drinking water sourcesd

Access to improved sanitationd

Population using solid fuelse

(%)

(%)

(%)

Urban 2004

Rural 2004

Urban 2004

... 98 79 100 100 92 72 ... ... 100 77 98 100 98 78 100 82 59 100 100 95 100 87 ... 99 72 80 98 ... 96 100 100 90 80 67 100 100 ... 96 79 99 88 99 89 87

... 66 43 96 100 76 52 ... ... 100 35 68 96 76 36 100 96 44 100 87 94 ... 30 ... 56 26 77 81 ... 89 100 ... 63 36 31 100 100 ... 89 94 79 32 68 65 82

... 75 67 82 100 61 49 97 ... 100 48 62 95 100 59 100 93 49 95 91 61 100 75 ... 88 53 88 50 ... 62 100 ... 56 43 53 100 100 97 92 96 89 67 94 74 80

Rural 2004 ... 51 20 71 87 32 7 96 ... 100 26 61 93 42 39 ... 58 8 94 41 14 ... 37 ... 52 19 72 13 ... 30 100 ... 34 4 36 100 100 ... 41 52 51 41 61 32 59

Prevalence of current tobacco use (%)f

Adults (≥15 years)h

Adolescents (13–15 years)g

Urban 2003

Rural 2003

Both sexes

... ... 88 3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 90 1 ... 99 ... ... 35 0 4 ... ... ... ... 0 ... 88 24 ... 27 ... ... 40 95 ... ... ... ... 66 ... ... 34 30 13 27

... ... 99 26 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 99 2 ... 100 ... ... 84 2 45 ... ... ... ... 13 ... 100 84 ... 90 ... ... 93 98 ... ... ... ... 92 ... ... 98 83 90 70

21.1 7.2 ... 34.2 59.7 20.3 ... 12.7 32.1 ... ... ... 16.7 ... ... ... ... 24.7 13.2 ... ... ... 14.9 ... 10.8 ... 13.4 25.8 ... ... ... ... 22.3 18.4 ... ... ... 14.3 ... 33.1 18.6 ... ... 21.2 15.9

Year 2001 2004 2002 2005 2002 2003 2005

2004

2001 2003

2003 2001 2004 2004

2003 2001

2002 2005 2002

2003 2004

Per capita recorded alcohol consumptioni (litres of pure alcohol) among adults (≥15 years)

Male

Female

... 45.0 66.1 64.3 ... ... ... ... ... 36.0 ... 25.3 53.2 27.3 24.7 ... ... 29.6 42.7 35.9 ... ... ... ... 32.1 ... 48.7 28.3 ... 42.0 ... 25.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... 33.7 ... ... ... 41.4 ... 57.6

... 1.6 15.4 24.1 ... ... ... ... ... 26.0 ... 5.8 2.6 2.2 3.0 ... ... 4.7 2.8 15.0 ... ... ... ... 0.2 ... 13.7 12.4 ... 21.1 ... 24.8 ... ... 0.0 ... ... ... 6.2 ... ... ... 13.2 ... 12.3

51

Year

2005 2003n 2003n

2004 2003n 2003n 2001l,n 2003n

2003n 2003n 2003n

2003n 2003n 2003n 2003n 2001l

2003l,m

2003n

2003n 2003n

Prevalence of condom use by young people (15–24 years) at higher risk sexj (%)

2003

Male

0.03 3.63 6.91 9.61 3.24 1.82 3.82 0.01 9.89 15.56 1.59 1.41 1.06 ... 0.50 6.02 ... 0.01 3.03 4.57 1.23 ... 2.83 ... 0.45 0.52 0.33 5.97 0.87 0.19 9.68 9.68 2.48 0.05 10.57 9.47 5.50 0.26 0.01 ... 5.98 1.62 3.73 3.83 3.51

... ... ... ... ... 48 ... ... ... ... 12 47 ... ... 30 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 33 ... 69 ... ... ... ... ... ... 46 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Female ... ... ... ... ... 50 ... ... ... ... 5 35 ... ... 14 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 29 ... 48 ... ... ... ... 17 ... 24 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 25 ...

Year

2004

2003 2004

2001

2003 2000

2001 2003

2004

56835

83347-9473

Risk factors

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Member State

WHO region

Children aged <5 years stunted for agea

(%)

Year

Both sexes 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180

Poland EUR Portugal EUR Qatar EMR Republic of Korea WPR Republic of Moldova EUR Romania EUR Russian Federation EUR Rwanda AFR Saint Kitts and Nevis AMR Saint Lucia AMR Saint Vincent and the Grenadines AMR Samoa WPR San Marino EUR Sao Tome and Principe AFR Saudi Arabia EMR Senegal AFR Serbia EUR Seychelles AFR Sierra Leone AFR Singapore WPR Slovakia EUR Slovenia EUR Solomon Islands WPR Somalia EMR South Africa AFR Spain EUR Sri Lanka SEAR Sudan EMR Suriname AMR Swaziland AFR Sweden EUR Switzerland EUR Syrian Arab Republic EMR Tajikistan EUR Thailand SEAR The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia EUR Timor-Leste SEAR Togo AFR Tonga WPR Trinidad and Tobago AMR Tunisia EMR Turkey EUR Turkmenistan EUR Tuvalu WPR Uganda AFR

... ... ... ... 11.3 2005 12.8 2002 ... 48.3 2000 ... ... ... 8.7 1999 ... 35.2 2000 ... 20.1 2005 9.8 2000 ... 38.4 2000 4.4 2000 ... ... ... 29.0 2000 30.9 1999 ... 18.4 2000 47.6 2000 14.5 1999–2000 36.6 2000 ... ... 24.1 2000 42.0 2003 15.5 2006 1.2 2004 55.7 2002 29.8 1998 ... 5.3 2000 16.0 2000 19.1 1998 27.7 2000 ... 44.8 2000–2001

Children aged <5 years underweight for agea (%)

Year

Both sexes ... ... ... ... 3.2 3.5 ... 20.3 ... ... ... 2.1 ... 10.1 ... 14.5 2.1 ... 24.7 3.3 ... ... ... 23.0 9.6 ... 22.8 38.4 11.4 9.1 ... ... 9.1 ... 7.3 1.2 40.6 23.2 ... 4.4 4.4 7.0 10.0 ... 19.0

52

2005 2002 2000

1999 2000 2005 2000 2000 2000

2000 1999 2000 2000 1999–2000 2000

2001 2006 2004 2002 1998 2000 2000 1998 2000 2000–2001

Children aged <5 years overweight for agea (%)

Year

Both sexes ... ... ... ... 9.1 8.3 ... 7.2 ... ... ... 6.8 ... 9.2 ... 2.4 ... ... 4.7 2.6 ... ... ... ... 9.3 ... 1.0 5.2 2.9 14.9 ... ... ... ... 10.4 7.9 5.7 2.6 ... 4.9 7.3 4.0 ... ... 4.9

2005 2002 2000

1999 2000 2005

2000 2000

1999 2000 2000 1999–2000 2000

2006 2004 2002 1998 2000 1996–1997 1998

2000–2001

Lowbirthweight newbornsb

Adults aged ≥15 years who are obesec

(%) Both sexes 2000–2002 6 8 10 4 5 9 6 9 9 8 10 4 ... ... 11 18 0 ... ... 8 7 6 13 ... 15 6 22 31 13 9 4 6 6 15 9 5 10 15 ... 23 7 16 6 5 12

(%) Male 15.7 ... ... 1.7 ... 9.1 ... ... ... ... ... 44.9 ... ... 26.4 ... ... 15.0 ... 5.3 ... 16.5 ... ... 9.3 13.0 ... ... ... ... 10.4 7.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 6.4 12.9 ... ... ...

Year

Female 19.9 ... ... 3.0 ... 19.1 ... ... ... ... ... 66.3 ... ... 44.0 ... ... 35.2 ... 6.7 ... 13.8 ... ... 30.1 13.5 ... ... ... ... 9.5 7.5 ... ... ... 10.7 ... ... ... ... 22.7 29.9 10.3 ... ...

2000n

1998n 1997

2002n

1995–2000n

2004n 1998n 2001n,o

1998 2003

2002–2003n,o 2002o

1999k,n

1996–1997n 1997n 2000m

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

Access to improved drinking water sourcesd

Access to improved sanitationd

Population using solid fuelse

(%)

(%)

(%)

Urban 2004

Rural 2004

Urban 2004

100 ... 100 97 97 91 100 92 99 98 ... 90 ... 89 97 92 ... 100 75 100 100 ... 94 32 99 100 98 78 98 87 100 100 98 92 98 ... 77 80 100 92 99 98 93 94 87

... ... 100 71 88 16 88 69 99 98 93 87 ... 73 ... 60 ... 75 46 ... 99 ... 65 27 73 100 74 64 73 54 100 100 87 48 100 ... 56 36 100 88 82 93 54 92 56

... ... 100 ... 86 89 93 56 96 89 ... 100 ... 32 100 79 ... ... 53 100 100 ... 98 48 79 100 98 50 99 59 100 100 99 70 98 ... 66 71 98 100 96 96 77 93 54

Rural 2004 ... ... 100 ... 52 ... 70 38 96 89 96 100 ... 20 ... 34 ... 100 30 ... 98 ... 18 14 46 100 89 24 76 44 100 100 81 45 99 ... 33 15 96 100 65 72 50 84 41

Prevalence of current tobacco use (%)f

Adults (≥15 years)h

Adolescents (13–15 years)g

Urban 2003

Rural 2003

Both sexes

... ... ... ... ... 3 7 98 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 24 ... ... ... ... 2 ... ... ... 7 1 27 ... ... 23 ... ... ... 33 ... ... ... ... ... ... 3 ... 0 ... 85

... ... ... ... ... 42 21 100 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 80 ... ... ... ... 7 ... ... ... 40 5 77 ... ... 82 ... ... ... 90 ... ... ... ... ... ... 8 ... 1 ... 99

19.5 ... 16.6 10.2 16.0 18.3 27.3 ... 16.6 13.4 21.9 ... ... ... ... 16.6 ... 28.9 ... 9.1 27.3 23.6 ... ... 23.6 ... 8.0 14.0 10.5 11.5 ... ... 20.0 5.1 15.7 9.0 ... 16.1 ... 14.3 15.2 8.4 ... ... ...

Year 2003 2004 2005 2004 2004 2004 2002 2000 2000

2002 2002 2000 2003 2003

2002 2003 2005 2004 2001

2002 2004 2005 2003 2002 2000 2001 2003

Per capita recorded alcohol consumptioni (litres of pure alcohol) among adults (≥15 years)

Male

Female

... ... ... ... ... 33.2 56.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 24.1 ... ... ... ... 41.0 28.5 ... ... 37.0 40.5 39.7 ... ... 15.1 ... ... ... ... 48.5 ... ... ... ... ... 53.0 50.7 ... ... 25.2

... ... ... ... ... 10.3 11.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.9 ... ... ... ... 23.1 19.1 ... ... 11.2 27.1 2.9 ... ... 3.2 ... ... ... ... 2.9 ... ... ... ... ... 2.2 18.6 ... ... 3.3

53

Year

2003 2003n,p

2003n

2003n 2003n

2003n 2003n 2003n

2003n

2001l

2003n 2003n

2001m

Prevalence of condom use by young people (15–24 years) at higher risk sexj (%)

2003

Male

8.09 11.54 4.40 7.87 13.18 9.74 10.32 6.93 6.73 11.48 7.00 ... ... 6.95 0.00 0.46 ... 3.36 6.39 2.17 10.35 6.74 0.97 0.00 6.72 11.68 0.28 0.30 ... 4.60 5.96 10.83 0.49 0.39 5.59 5.69 ... 1.24 0.75 4.17 1.23 1.37 1.18 1.37 17.64

... ... ... ... 63 ... ... 41 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 54 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 55

Female ... ... ... ... 44 ... ... 28 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 34 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 53

Year

2005

2004

2005

2004

56835

83347-9473

Risk factors

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Member State

WHO region

Children aged <5 years stunted for agea

(%)

Year

Both sexes 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194

Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe The former state union of Serbia and Montenegros

Children aged <5 years underweight for agea (%)

Year

Both sexes

EUR EMR EUR AFR AMR AMR EUR WPR AMR WPR EMR AFR AFR EUR

5.6 2002 ... ... 44.4 2004–2005 3.3 1999–2002 13.9 2004 26.2 2002 ... 16.7 2000 43.4 2000 59.8 2003 52.5 2001–2002 33.7 1999 ...

4.1 ... ... 16.7 1.1 6.0 6.2 ... 4.8 26.7 42.7 23.3 11.5 ...

AFR AMR SEAR EUR EMR WPR

43.2 14.2 41.6 ... 24.9 14.5 30.0

23.1 4.9 33.3 ... 15.1 6.2 17.8

2000

2004–2005 1999–2002 2004 2002 2000 2000 2003 2001–2002 1999

Children aged <5 years overweight for agea (%)

Year

Both sexes 26.5 ... ... 4.9 7.0 9.4 ... ... 5.7 2.5 3.7 5.9 10.6 ...

2000

2004–2005 1999–2002 2004

2000 2000 1997 2001–2002 1999

Lowbirthweight newbornsb

Adults aged ≥15 years who are obesec

(%) Both sexes 2000–2002

(%) Male

Year

Female

5 15 8 13 8 8 7 6 7 9 32 12 11 4

... 25.6 ... ... 31.1 17.0 5.4 12.2 ... ... ... ... ... 14.4

... 39.9 ... 4.4 33.2 18.0 7.1 19.6 ... ... ... 3.0 7.5 20.0

14 9 26 8 17 8 16

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

1999–2000n 2004–2005 2003–2004n 1998n 2002m 1998n

2001–2002m 1999m 2000n

Region African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Paciﬁc Region Global

2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005

2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

... Data not available or not applicable; AFR, African Region; AMR, Region of the Americas; SEAR, South-East Asia Region; EUR, European Region; EMR, Eastern Mediterranean Region; WPR, Western Paciﬁc Region. The global values for rates and ratios are weighted averages; for absolute numbers they are the sums of all WHO regions. a

Global database on child growth and malnutrition [online database]. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007 (http://www.who.int/nutgrowthdb/ database/en). b United Nations Children’s Fund, World Health Organization. Low birthweight: country, regional and global estimates. New York, UNICEF, 2004 (http:// www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/low_birthweight/low_birthweight_estimates.pdf). c Comparisons between countries may be limited owing to differences in sample characteristics or survey years. Source: Global database on body mass index (BMI) [online database]. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2006 (http//www.who.int/bmi). d World Health Organization, United Nations Children’s Fund. Joint monitoring programme for water supply and sanitation [online database]. Geneva, WHO, UNICEF, 2006 (http://www.wssinfo.org/en/wecome.html). e Estimates were made by WHO’s Department of Public Health and Environment based on Rehfuess E, Mehta S, Prüss-Üstün. Assessing household solid fuel use: multiple implications for the Millennium Development Goals. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2006, 114:373-378 (http://www.who. int/indoorair/mdg/en). f For adolescents, data relate to daily or occasional tobacco use (smoking, or using oral tobacco or snuff); for adults they relate to daily or occasional tobacco smoking. Comparisons between countries may be limited owing to differences in deﬁnitions, sample characteristics or survey years. g WHO global InfoBase online tool. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007 (http://www.who.int/ncd_surveillance/infobase/en).

54

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

Access to improved drinking water sourcesd

Access to improved sanitationd

Population using solid fuelse

(%)

(%)

(%)

Urban 2004

Rural 2004

Urban 2004

99 100 100 85 100 100 95 86 85 99 71 90 98 99

91 100 100 49 100 100 75 52 70 80 65 40 72 86

98 98 ... 53 100 100 78 78 71 92 86 59 63 97

82 98 92 99 94 94 95

42 82 81 86 77 69 73

57 91 64 96 88 76 80

Rural 2004 93 95 ... 43 100 99 61 42 48 50 28 52 47 77

30 66 31 77 43 34 39

Urban 2003 5 1 ... ... ... 0 ... ... ... 43 3 68 26 ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Prevalence of current tobacco use (%)f

Adults (≥15 years)h

Adolescents (13–15 years)g Rural 2003

Both sexes

10 0 ... ... ... 7 ... ... ... 78 53 99 94 ...

26.0 18.5 ... ... 23.1 ... ... ... ... ... 17.7 ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Year 2005 2002

2000

2003

Per capita recorded alcohol consumptioni (litres of pure alcohol) among adults (≥15 years)

Male

Female

66.8 32.4 ... ... 24.1 38.5 24.1 ... ... 51.1 ... 23.3 26.2 ...

19.9 3.1 ... ... 19.2 28.2 0.9 ... ... 2.5 ... 5.7 3.1 ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

h

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Year 2005n 2003n

2003n 2003n 2002l,m

2003n 2003n 2003n

Prevalence of condom use by young people (15–24 years) at higher risk sexj (%)

2003

Male

Female

6.09 0.02 11.75 5.45 8.61 7.74 1.51 0.75 6.67 0.85 0.04 2.40 4.41 ...

... ... ... 46 ... ... 50 ... ... 68 ... 42 ... ...

... ... ... 34 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 33 ... ...

4.47 6.66 0.52 8.84 0.19 5.19 4.41

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Year

2004

2002

2005 2001

Sources: WHO global InfoBase online tool. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007 (also available at http://www.who.int/ncd_surveillance/infobase/en); Ustun TB et al. The World Health Surveys. In: Murray CJL, Evans D, eds. Health systems performance assessment: debates, methods and empricism. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2003:797-808; World Health Survey, Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007 (http://www.who.int/healthinfo/ survey/en). i Global alcohol database [online database]. Geneva, World Health Organization (http://www.who.int/globalatlas/LoginManagement/autologins/gad_login. asp). j 2006 report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, World Health Organization, 2006. See Annex 2: HIV and AIDS estimates and data, 2005 and 2003. k Upper age limit = 45 years. l Cigarettes are the only smoked tobacco product under consideration. m Upper age limit = 50 years. n Lower age limit > 15 years. o Self-reported data. p Sample is not necessarily nationally representative. q Upper age limit = 65 years. r Lower age limit < 15 years. s See footnote o to the table on Health status: mortality.

55

56835

83347-9473

Health systems

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

56

2002 2003

2003 2001 2003 2003 2004 2004 2003 2001 2004 2004 2001 2003

2000 2003 2004 2004 2000 2004

2004 2004 2001 2004 2004 2001 2000 2004 2003

2003 2003 2002 2004

2000 2004

Year

... ... 0.24 0.15 ... ... ... 0.47 0.60 0.21 1.17 ... 0.76 0.18 ... 0.52 0.64 ... 0.12 0.08 0.01 0.30 ... ... 1.21 0.44 0.17 0.00 0.23 0.00 ... ... 0.18 0.04 ... 0.03 ... 0.14 0.12 0.17 0.01 0.14 0.33 ... ... 0.47 0.27 ... 0.22 0.16 ... ... 0.08 0.02 ...

Density per 1 000 population

... ... 7 572 10 ... ... ... 1 433 11 649 1 671 9 803 ... 560 26 460 ... 5 182 6 603 ... 824 185 96 1 229 ... ... 404 3 456 2 289 11 3 040 45 ... ... 705 353 ... 42 000 ... 107 458 3 22 2 407 1 476 ... ... 4 772 6 084 ... 1 200 111 ... ... 1 037 1 777 ...

Year

2001 2003 2002 2003 2004 1999 1998 2003 2001 2003 2003 1998 2004 2004 1999 2003 2003 2000 2004 2004 2001 2003 2004 2000 2000 2003 2004 2004 2000 2004 2003 2004 2004 2004 2003 2001 2002 2004 2004 2001 2000 2004 2003 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2002 2004 1997 2000 2000 2004 2002

Density per 1 000 population

0.22 3.62 1.99 3.11 1.31 3.28 0.80 4.35 9.10 9.38 7.11 4.47 4.04 0.14 3.70 11.63 5.83 1.26 0.72 0.14 2.19 4.13 2.65 3.84 2.67 3.75 0.32 0.19 0.61 1.60 9.95 0.87 0.23 0.24 0.63 1.05 0.55 0.61 0.84 2.72 0.92 0.46 5.05 7.44 3.76 9.71 3.85 0.53 10.36 0.26 4.17 1.84 1.57 1.98 0.80

Dentists

Number

2001 4 752 2002 11 473 2002 62 177 2003 205 2004 18 485 1999 233 1998 29 000 2003 13 320 2001 176 188 2003 76 161 2003 59 531 1998 1 323 2004 2 989 2004 20 334 1999 988 2003 115 116 2002 60 142 2000 303 2004 4 965 2004 330 2001 18 535 2003 17 170 2004 4 753 2000 659 111 2000 892 2003 29 650 2004 4 268 2004 1 337 2000 8 085 2004 25 997 2003 309 576 2004 410 2004 908 2004 2 146 2003 10 000 2001 1 358 000 2002 23 940 2004 481 2004 3 214 2001 49 2000 3 631 2004 7 773 2003 22 372 2002 83 880 2002 2 994 2003 99 351 2003 87 330 2004 28 789 2002 55 425 2004 185 1997 317 2000 15 352 2000 19 549 2003 144 984 2002 5 103

Number

Number

0.19 1.31 1.13 3.70 0.08 0.17 3.01 3.59 2.47 3.38 3.55 1.05 1.09 0.26 1.21 4.55 4.49 1.05 0.04 0.05 1.22 1.34 0.40 1.15 1.01 3.56 0.05 0.03 0.16 0.19 2.14 0.49 0.08 0.04 1.09 1.06 1.35 0.15 0.20 0.78 1.32 0.12 2.44 5.91 2.34 3.51 3.29 0.11 2.93 0.18 0.50 1.88 1.48 0.54 1.24

Year

4 104 4 100 35 368 244 1 165 12 108 800 10 983 47 875 27 413 29 687 312 803 38 485 322 45 027 46 268 251 311 118 10 329 5 576 715 198 153 336 28 128 708 200 2 047 3 124 66 583 231 331 345 17 250 1 364 000 58 761 115 756 14 5 204 2 081 10 820 66 567 1 864 35 960 74 597 5 827 15 653 129 38 15 670 18 335 38 485 7 938

Midwives

Year

EMR EUR AFR EUR AFR AMR AMR EUR WPR EUR EUR AMR EMR SEAR AMR EUR EUR AMR AFR SEAR AMR EUR AFR AMR WPR EUR AFR AFR WPR AFR AMR AFR AFR AFR AMR WPR AMR AFR AFR WPR AMR AFR EUR AMR EUR EUR SEAR AFR EUR EMR AMR AMR AMR EMR AMR

Nurses

Density per 1 000 population

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d’Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador

Physicians

Density per 1 000 population

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55

Human resources for healtha

WHO region

Number

Member State

630 1 390 9 553 44 222 13 28 900 802 21 296 4 037 2 272 21 342 2 537 63 4 315 8 322 32 12 58 5 997 690 38 190 448 48 6 475 58 14 209 147 18 265 11 13 15 6 750 136 520 33 951 29 12 10 1 905 339 3 085 9 841 650 6 737 8 315 159 4 437 10 4 7 000 2 062 9 917 3 465

0.03 0.45 0.31 0.67 0.02 0.19 0.80 0.26 1.10 0.50 0.27 0.07 0.46 0.02 0.24 0.44 0.81 0.13 0.00 0.02 0.71 0.17 0.02 1.11 0.14 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.59 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.43 0.11 0.78 0.04 0.00 0.56 0.48 0.02 0.70 0.87 0.82 0.66 0.37 0.00 0.83 0.01 0.05 0.84 0.17 0.14 0.54

2001 1998 2002 2003 2004 1997 1998 2003 2001 2003 2003 1998 2004 2004 1999 2003 2002 2000 2004 2004 2001 2003 2004 2000 2000 2003 2004 2004 2000 2004 2003 2004 2004 2004 2003 2001 2002 2004 2004 2001 2000 2004 2003 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2002 2004 1997 2000 2000 2004 2002

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

Human resources for healtha

1998 2003 2001 2003 2003 2004 2004 2003 2002 2004 2004 2001 2003 2004 2000 2000 2001 2004 2004 2000 2004 2003 2004 2004 2004 2001 2004 2004 2001 2000 2004 2003 2002 2003 2003 2004 2002 2004 2000 2004

2002

2004 2004

2004 2004

2004 2000

2004

2004 2004 2004 2004

2004 2004 2000 2004

2003

2004

... ... 1 062 ... ... ... ... ... 3 812 ... ... ... 46 202 ... ... ... ... 88 464 1 579 ... ... ... ... ... 1 406 657 ... ... ... 65 211 268 ... 109 000 ... 41 124 ... 5 071 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 23 ... ... ... ... ...

... ... 0.03 ... ... ... ... ... 0.20 ... ... ... 0.00 0.31 ... ... ... ... 0.01 0.20 0.19 ... ... ... ... ... 0.10 0.09 ... ... ... 0.14 0.05 0.03 ... 0.08 ... 0.05 0.03 ... 1.29 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.03 ... ... ... ... ...

2002

2001

2004 2004

2004 2004 2001

2004 2004

2004 2004 2004 2001 2004 2004 2000

2004

... ... 8 838 ... 2 029 ... ... ... 8 326 ... ... ... 479 3 794 ... ... ... ... 477 136 ... ... 277 89 677 ... ... 418 147 ... 1 793 ... 78 48 317 ... 203 000 ... 63 554 ... ... 1 165 ... ... ... ... 950 512 ... 84 ... ... ... 20 011 ... 57

... ... 0.28 ... 0.14 ... ... ... 0.43 ... ... ... 0.65 0.03 ... ... ... ... 0.07 0.06 ... ... 0.15 0.52 ... ... 0.03 0.02 ... 0.11 ... 0.16 0.01 0.04 ... 0.16 ... 0.08 0.15 ... ... 0.07 ... ... ... ... 0.04 0.01 ... 0.12 ... ... ... 0.27 ...

2002 2004

2001

2004 2004

2004 2004

2004 2000

2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2001 2004 2004

2004

2003 2004 2004

2004

... ... 5 654 ... 294 ... ... ... 38 339 ... ... ... 1 278 5 847 ... ... ... ... 130 143 3 399 ... 829 191 518 ... ... 1 755 1 186 ... 16 ... 42 461 153 ... 1 061 000 ... 10 957 ... 7 379 172 ... ... ... ... 67 957 1 042 ... 159 ... ... ... 3 694 ...

... ... 0.18 ... 0.02 ... ... ... 1.98 ... ... ... 1.73 0.04 ... ... ... ... 0.02 0.06 0.40 ... 0.46 1.11 ... ... 0.13 0.17 ... 0.00 ... 0.09 0.12 0.02 ... 0.82 ... 0.01 0.25 ... 1.88 0.01 ... ... ... ... 3.00 0.02 ... 0.22 ... ... ... 0.05 ...

2002 2004

2001

2004 2004

2004 2004 2001 2004 2000

2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2001 2004 2004 2000 2004

2003 2004 2004

2004

... ... 60 316 ... 256 ... ... ... 488 313 ... ... ... 1 697 ... ... ... ... ... 3 279 1 197 8 069 ... ... 839 376 ... ... 210 2 087 ... 5 902 ... 74 167 1 502 ... 1 077 000 ... 271 987 ... 18 406 2 107 ... ... ... ... ... 15 013 ... 232 ... ... ... 5 167 ...

... ... 1.93 ... 0.02 ... ... ... 25.23 ... ... ... 2.30 ... ... ... ... ... 0.47 0.51 0.95 ... ... 4.89 ... ... 0.02 0.30 ... 0.36 ... 0.16 0.04 0.17 ... 0.83 ... 0.34 0.26 ... 4.68 0.12 ... ... ... ... ... 0.28 ... 0.33 ... ... ... 0.07 ...

Year

Health management and support workers Year

Density per 1 000 population

Number

Other health workers Year

Density per 1 000 population

Number

Year

Density per 1 000 population

Number

Year

... ... 0.08 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.40 0.04 ... ... ... ... 0.03 0.03 ... ... 0.10 0.97 ... ... 0.00 ... ... 0.00 ... 0.02 0.01 0.03 ... ... ... 0.02 0.00 ... 0.32 0.01 ... ... ... ... 0.12 ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.13 ...

Laboratory health workers

Density per 1 000 population

2002 2003 2004

... ... 2 534 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 294 5 743 ... ... ... ... 178 71 ... ... 172 167 080 ... ... 46 ... ... 28 ... 9 55 230 ... ... ... 17 9 ... 1 266 155 ... ... ... ... 2 685 ... ... ... ... ... ... 9 531 ...

Community health workers

Number

2001

Density per 1 000 population

0.02 ... 0.20 1.03 0.07 ... 0.42 0.04 0.72 0.60 0.22 ... 0.62 0.06 ... 0.29 1.14 ... 0.00 0.03 0.55 0.09 0.19 0.30 0.27 0.13 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.67 0.09 0.00 0.00 ... 0.28 ... 0.05 0.03 0.11 0.53 0.06 0.53 ... 0.18 0.55 0.60 0.02 0.49 0.03 ... 0.40 ... 0.10 ...

Number

Density per 1 000 population

525 ... 6 333 68 919 ... 15 300 126 13 956 4 869 1 842 ... 460 9 411 ... 2 901 11 775 ... 11 79 4 670 363 333 51 317 90 1 020 343 76 564 700 20 765 43 17 37 ... 359 000 ... 41 99 2 2 101 1 015 2 348 ... 144 5 610 13 497 1 200 2 638 18 ... 3 330 ... 7 119 ...

Public and environmental health workers Year

Number

Pharmacists

2002 2004

2001

2004

2004 2004 2001

2000

2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2001 2004 2004 2000 2004

2004 2004

2004

56835

83347-9473

Health systems

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Human resources for healtha

AFR AFR EUR AFR WPR EUR EUR AFR AFR EUR EUR AFR EUR AMR AMR AFR AFR AMR AMR AMR EUR EUR SEAR SEAR EMR EMR EUR EUR EUR AMR WPR EMR EUR AFR WPR EMR EUR WPR EUR EMR AFR AFR EMR EUR EUR AFR AFR WPR SEAR AFR EUR WPR AFR AFR AMR

153 215 6 118 1 936 271 16 446 203 487 395 156 20 962 277 885 3 240 47 944 41 9 965 987 188 366 1 949 3 676 32 877 1 056 645 825 29 499 60 791 17 022 11 141 24 577 241 000 2 253 251 889 11 398 54 613 4 506 24 3 589 12 902 ... 6 940 11 505 89 103 6 371 13 682 1 206 5 201 266 16 146 302 1 053 1 254 24 313 1 303 195 897

0.30 0.05 4.48 0.03 0.34 3.16 3.37 0.29 0.11 4.09 3.37 0.15 4.38 0.50 0.90 0.11 0.12 0.48 0.25 0.57 3.33 3.62 0.60 0.13 0.87 0.66 2.79 3.82 4.20 0.85 1.98 2.03 3.54 0.14 0.30 1.53 2.51 ... 3.01 3.25 0.05 0.03 1.29 3.97 2.66 0.29 0.02 0.70 0.92 0.08 3.18 0.47 0.11 1.06 1.98

2003 2001 2003 2004 1997 2003 2003 2004 2004 2000 2004 2004 2003 2000 2004 2004 2000

58

2004 2004 2000 2003 1999 2002 2004 2004 2003 2003 2003 2004 2000 1997 1999 2004 2004 2000 1998 2000 2003 2003 2004 2003 2004 2004 2004 2003 2003 2003 2002 2004 2003 2002 1998 2001 2003 2003 2001 2003 2004 1997 2003 2003 2004 2004 2000 2004 2004 2003 2000 2004 2004 2000

53 140 469 1 274 ... 3 952 15 684 503 263 1 495 8 559 3 910 1 916 ... ... 347 160 ... ... 195 2 032 200 506 924 54 338 13 087 1 701 16 486 1 202 ... ... 24 511 1 669 8 018 ... ... ... 2 663 ... 482 ... ... 446 ... 1 132 114 2 076 ... 7 711 ... 2 352 125 ... 235 166 ...

0.10 0.03 0.34 0.02 ... 0.76 0.26 0.37 0.18 0.29 0.10 0.18 0.18 ... ... 0.04 0.10 ... ... 0.03 0.21 0.69 0.47 0.25 0.19 0.07 4.27 0.19 ... ... 0.19 0.30 0.52 ... ... ... 0.52 ... 0.21 ... ... 0.13 ... 0.33 0.25 0.12 ... 0.34 ... 0.18 0.32 ... 0.08 0.13 ...

2004 2004 2000 2003 2002 2003 2004 2003 2003 2002 2004 2001

2004 2004

2000 2003 2003 2004 2003 2004 2004 2001 2003

2000 2004 2003

2003 2003

2004 2003 2003 2004 2000 2004 2003 2004 2004

15 16 1 747 93 32 6 674 40 904 66 43 1 438 64 609 393 12 394 7 2 046 60 22 30 94 1 371 5 364 283 61 424 7 093 13 135 11 489 2 237 7 510 33 000 212 90 510 7 270 5 215 1 340 4 673 992 ... 1 287 4 283 16 13 693 2 372 323 410 ... 2 144 14 84 167 4 64 233 78 281

0.03 0.00 1.28 0.00 0.04 1.28 0.68 0.05 0.03 0.28 0.78 0.02 1.13 0.09 0.18 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.21 0.54 1.00 0.06 0.03 0.19 0.44 0.56 1.17 0.58 0.08 0.71 1.29 0.34 0.04 0.05 0.29 0.19 ... 0.56 1.21 0.01 0.00 0.14 0.69 0.71 0.02 ... 0.09 0.04 0.01 0.42 0.08 0.02 0.19 0.79

Year

Density per 1 000 population

Number

Dentists

Year

0.43 0.55 8.50 0.20 1.96 14.33 7.24 4.64 1.13 3.47 9.72 0.74 3.86 3.70 4.05 0.47 0.59 2.29 0.11 1.29 8.85 13.63 0.80 0.57 1.19 1.25 15.20 6.26 5.44 1.65 7.79 2.94 6.01 1.18 2.36 3.91 6.14 ... 5.27 1.18 0.62 0.17 3.60 7.62 9.16 0.20 0.59 1.35 2.70 0.45 5.83 2.98 0.56 3.60 0.90

Density per 1 000 population

218 2 365 11 618 14 270 1 576 74 450 437 525 6 275 1 618 17 807 801 677 15 797 42 129 303 44 986 4 061 912 1 738 834 8 333 87 381 3 954 865 135 125 621 83 175 32 304 60 774 40 280 312 377 4 374 993 628 16 527 92 773 37 113 191 9 197 31 557 ... 12 150 4 157 1 123 589 17 779 26 229 4 151 3 585 7 264 31 129 886 5 986 2 298 152 1 658 4 438 88 678

Midwives

Number

Year 2004 2004 2000 2003 1999 2002 2004 2004 2003 2003 2003 2004 2001 1997 1999 2004 2004 2000 1998 2000 2003 2004 2004 2003 2004 2004 2004 2003 2004 2003 2002 2004 2003 2002 1998 2001 2003

Density per 1 000 population

Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People’s Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico

Nurses

Number

56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110

Density per 1 000 population

Physicians

Year

WHO region

Number

Member State

2004 2004 2000 2003 1999 2002 2004 2004 2003 2003 2003 2004 2001 1997 1999 2004 2004 2000 1998 2000 2003 2000 2004 2003 2004 2004 2004 2003 2004 2003 2002 2004 2003 2002 1998 2001 2003 2003 2001 2003 2004 1997 2003 2003 2004 2000 2004 2004 2003 2000 2004 2004 2000

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

Human resources for healtha

2000 2003 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 2003 2003 2002 2004 2003 2004 1998 2001 2003

2001 2003 2004 1997 2003 2003 2004 2000 2004 2004 2003 2000 2004 2004 2000

2004 2004 2000 2003

2004 2003

2004 2004

2000

2003 2004 2004

2004 2004

2003 2004

2004 2004

2004

2004

1 275 ... 5 242 18 652 ... ... ... ... 968 ... ... ... ... ... ... 93 4 486 ... ... ... ... ... 50 393 25 242 1 968 ... ... ... ... ... 1 000 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 142 ... ... ... 385 ... ... 919 68 ... ... 429 236 ...

2.51 ... 3.83 0.26 ... ... ... ... 0.68 ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.01 2.92 ... ... ... ... ... 0.05 0.00 0.36 0.08 ... ... ... ... ... 0.18 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.04 ... ... ... 0.02 ... ... 2.80 0.01 ... ... 0.14 0.19 ...

2004 2000 2003

2003

2004 2004

2004 2003 2004 2004

2004

2004

2004

2004 2004

2004 2004

84 248 ... 2 703 ... 10 119 ... 276 99 ... ... 899 ... ... ... 268 230 ... ... ... ... ... ... 8 882 20 049 12 184 ... ... ... ... ... 5 630 ... 7 000 ... ... ... ... ... ... 146 218 ... ... ... 172 46 ... 168 264 ... ... 106 324 45 482 59

0.17 0.06 ... 0.04 ... 1.95 ... 0.20 0.07 ... ... 0.04 ... ... ... 0.03 0.15 ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.04 0.29 0.47 ... ... ... ... ... 1.00 ... 0.22 ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.08 0.06 ... ... ... 0.01 0.00 ... 0.51 0.02 ... ... 0.04 0.26 0.46

2004 2004 2003 2002 2004 2003

2004

2004 2004

2003 2004 2004

2004 2004

2003 2004

2004 2004 2004 2004

2004 2004 2000

... 56 597 7 354 ... 19 202 ... 197 3 ... ... 7 132 ... ... ... 430 61 ... ... 2 936 ... ... 1 101 485 20 981 84 207 20 340 ... ... ... ... ... 6 569 ... 5 610 ... ... ... ... ... ... 35 540 ... ... ... 530 707 ... 14 377 ... ... 48 145 236 861

... 0.01 0.44 0.10 ... 3.69 ... 0.15 0.00 ... ... 0.33 ... ... ... 0.05 0.04 ... ... 0.45 ... ... 1.03 0.10 1.21 0.79 ... ... ... ... ... 1.17 ... 0.17 ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.02 0.15 ... ... ... 0.03 0.06 ... 0.04 0.03 ... ... 0.02 0.12 2.39

2004 2000 2003 2002 2004 2003

2004

2004 2004

2000

2003 2003 2004 2004

2004 2004

2003 2004

2004 2004 2004 2004

2004 2004 2000

74 765 10 859 ... ... ... ... 144 391 ... ... 19 151 ... ... ... 511 38 ... ... ... ... ... ... 228 095 72 905 34 273 ... ... ... ... ... 17 668 ... 1 797 ... ... ... ... ... ... 6 518 ... ... ... 6 036 ... ... ... 652 ... ... 1 056 2 027 412 319

0.15 0.18 7.94 ... ... ... ... 0.11 0.27 ... ... 0.90 ... ... ... 0.06 0.02 ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.04 1.04 1.33 ... ... ... ... ... 3.15 ... 0.06 ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.00 0.15 ... ... ... 0.34 ... ... ... 0.05 ... ... 0.35 1.64 4.17

Year

Health management and support workers Year

Density per 1 000 population

Number

Other health workers Year

Density per 1 000 population

Number

Year

Density per 1 000 population

Number

Year

0.04 0.02 0.08 0.02 ... ... ... 0.11 0.02 ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.02 0.01 ... ... 0.03 ... ... ... 0.03 0.14 0.10 ... ... ... ... ... 0.25 ... 0.20 ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.03 0.04 ... ... ... 0.01 0.00 ... ... 0.02 ... ... ... 0.19 ...

Laboratory health workers

Density per 1 000 population

2004 2004

18 88 115 1 347 ... ... ... 150 33 ... ... ... ... ... ... 135 13 ... ... 215 ... ... ... 6 493 10 004 2 601 ... ... ... ... ... 1 412 ... 6 496 ... ... ... ... ... ... 55 150 ... ... ... 130 26 ... ... 231 ... ... ... 238 ...

Community health workers

Number

2004 2004 2000 2003 1999 2002 2003 2004 2003 2003 2003 2004 2000

Density per 1 000 population

0.24 0.02 0.42 0.02 0.07 1.12 1.06 0.05 0.03 0.07 0.58 0.06 0.82 ... ... 0.06 0.03 ... ... 0.14 0.52 1.30 0.56 0.03 0.20 0.53 0.97 0.70 1.15 ... 1.21 3.14 0.67 0.10 0.05 0.31 0.03 ... ... 0.95 0.03 0.01 0.25 0.69 0.82 0.01 ... 0.10 0.73 0.03 2.03 0.04 0.03 1.16 0.03

Number

Density per 1 000 population

121 107 580 1 343 59 5 829 63 909 63 48 352 47 956 1 388 8 977 ... ... 530 40 ... ... 926 5 125 374 592 577 7 580 14 140 13 775 3 898 4 480 66 119 ... 154 428 17 654 10 390 3 094 4 722 158 ... ... 3 359 62 35 1 225 2 390 371 175 ... 2 333 241 351 800 2 81 1 428 3 189

Public and environmental health workers Year

Number

Pharmacists

2004 2004 2000

2004 2003

2004

2004 2004

2003 2004 2004

2004 2004

2003 2004

2004

2004

2004 2004 2000

56835

83347-9473

Health systems

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

2000 2002 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2003 2001 2003 2004 2003 2003 2004 2004 1998 2000 2000 2002 1999 2000 2003 2003 2001 2003 2003 2003 2003 2004 1997 1999 1997 1999 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2001 2003 2002 1999 1997 2004 2003 2004 2004 2000 2004

410 ... 8 214 ... 22 250 3 947 9 899 6 145 ... 5 664 221 783 31 128 5 862 2 421 127 580 ... 67 274 10 273 48 446 26 8 158 2 841 9 727 17 108 127 595 188 898 43 860 2 917 83 333 25 848 86 802 1 153 683 3 570 216 331 276 346 ... 256 74 114 2 606 ... 634 1 211 17 398 36 569 14 327 338 1 486 184 459 315 200 23 030 17 656 688 4 590 60

3.83 ... 3.21 ... 0.72 0.21 0.20 3.06 ... 0.22 13.73 8.16 1.07 0.20 1.03 ... 14.84 3.50 0.31 1.44 2.77 0.53 1.69 0.67 1.69 4.90 4.36 4.94 1.75 6.06 3.89 8.05 0.42 5.02 2.28 2.38 2.02 ... 1.55 2.97 0.25 ... 7.93 0.23 4.24 6.77 7.21 0.80 0.19 4.08 7.68 1.20 0.51 1.62 4.24

2000 2002 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2003 2001 2003 2004 2003 2003 2004 2004 1998 2000 2000 2002 1999 2000 2003 2003 2001 2003 2003 2003 2003 2004 1997 1999 1997 1999 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2001 2003 2002 1999 1997 2004 2003 2004 2004 2000 2004

2000 2002 2004 2004 2004

2004 2003 2001 2004 2003 2003 2004 2004 1998

2002 2000 2002 2000 2000 2003 2003 2003 2004

1999 2004 2004

2004 2003 2001 1999

2001 2004 2004 2004

14 ... 337 ... 3 091 159 1 396 113 ... 359 7 759 2 586 243 15 2 482 ... 3 733 544 7 862 2 2 231 90 3 182 2 809 8 564 11 451 5 510 220 16 033 1 403 4 919 45 972 21 8 9 6 30 ... 11 4 235 97 ... 94 5 1 087 2 364 1 199 26 15 5 995 20 005 1 245 1 082 4 32

0.13 ... 0.13 ... 0.10 0.01 0.03 0.06 ... 0.01 0.48 0.68 0.04 0.00 0.02 ... 0.82 0.19 0.05 0.11 0.76 0.02 0.55 0.11 0.11 0.30 0.55 0.37 0.34 0.33 0.22 0.32 0.00 0.19 0.06 0.05 0.18 ... 0.07 0.17 0.01 ... 1.18 0.00 0.26 0.44 0.60 0.06 0.00 0.13 0.49 0.06 0.03 0.01 0.03

Year

Density per 1 000 population

0.07 ... 0.24 ... 0.07 0.12 0.79 ... ... 0.24 0.12 0.56 ... 0.03 0.67 ... 0.49 0.01 0.15 0.06 ... ... 0.09 ... 0.45 0.57 0.08 ... 0.19 0.23 0.25 0.47 0.01 ... ... ... 0.02 ... 0.32 ... 0.07 ... ... 0.25 ... 0.27 0.33 0.05 ... ... 0.15 0.54 0.40 ... 2.07

Number

7 ... 612 ... 2 078 2 236 39 442 ... ... 6 161 1 940 2 121 ... 397 82 726 ... 2 243 16 23 318 1 ... ... 534 ... 33 963 21 997 824 ... 8 728 991 5 571 67 403 77 ... ... ... 3 ... 52 ... 681 ... ... 1 299 ... 1 456 654 23 ... ... 6 291 10 401 13 840 ... 2 238

Dentists

Year

Year

Density per 1 000 population

Number

0.60 ... 2.63 ... 0.51 0.03 0.36 0.30 ... 0.21 3.15 2.37 0.37 0.02 0.28 ... 3.13 1.32 0.74 1.11 1.50 0.05 1.11 1.17 0.58 2.47 3.42 2.22 1.57 2.64 1.90 4.25 0.05 1.19 5.17 0.87 0.70 ... 0.49 1.37 0.06 ... 1.51 0.03 1.40 3.18 2.25 0.13 0.04 0.77 3.30 0.55 0.22 0.45 0.16

Year

64 ... 6 732 ... 15 991 514 17 791 598 ... 5 384 50 854 9 027 2 045 296 34 923 ... 14 200 3 871 116 298 20 4 431 275 6 355 29 799 44 287 95 272 34 440 1 310 75 045 11 246 42 538 609 043 432 51 749 101 120 ... 81 34 261 594 ... 121 162 5 747 17 172 4 475 54 310 34 829 135 300 10 479 7 552 191 171

Midwives

Density per 1 000 population

WPR EUR WPR EUR EMR AFR SEAR AFR WPR SEAR EUR WPR AMR AFR AFR WPR EUR EMR EMR WPR AMR WPR AMR AMR WPR EUR EUR EMR WPR EUR EUR EUR AFR AMR AMR AMR WPR EUR AFR EMR AFR EUR AFR AFR WPR EUR EUR WPR EMR AFR EUR SEAR EMR AMR AFR

Nurses

Number

Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland

Physicians

Density per 1 000 population

111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165

Human resources for healtha

WHO region

Number

Member State

2000 2002 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2003 2001 2003 2004 2003 2003 2004 2004 1998 2000 2000 2002 1999 2000 2003 2003 2001 2003 2003 2003 2003 2004 1997 1999 1997 1999 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2001 2003 2002 1999 1997 2004 2003 2004 2004 2000 2004

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

Human resources for healtha

2002 2000 2003 2003 2001 2000 2003 2003 2003 2004

1999 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2001 2003 2002 1999 1997 2004 2003 2004 2004 2004

2004

2004

2004 2004 2000 2002

2000 2004

2004 2004 2004 2004

2004 2004 2004 2004

... ... ... ... 1 470 941 2 241 481 ... 3 209 ... 3 696 ... 294 690 ... ... 1 049 9 744 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 39 ... ... ... ... ... 51 ... 66 ... 59 ... ... ... ... ... ... 2 002 ... 1 252 3 115 ... 77

2002

2004

2004 2001

2004

2004 2000 2002

2000 2004

2004

2004

2004

2004 2004 61

... ... ... ... 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.24 ... 0.12 ... 0.97 ... 0.02 0.01 ... ... 0.36 0.06 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.00 ... ... ... ... ... 0.31 ... 0.01 ... 0.74 ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.04 ... 0.07 0.09 ... 0.07

2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2001 2004 2004

2004 2004

2004

2004 2004 2004

2004 2004 2004 2004

... ... 3 389 ... 1 123 1 659 2 077 597 ... 1 892 ... 17 013 ... 485 1 220 ... ... 1 256 19 082 ... 870 ... 2 235 ... 90 788 ... ... ... ... ... ... 670 768 490 ... ... ... ... ... 291 39 073 704 ... 35 4 ... ... ... ... ... 40 492 ... 1 546 8 667 ... 616

... ... 1.32 ... 0.04 0.09 0.04 0.30 ... 0.07 ... 4.46 ... 0.04 0.01 ... ... 0.43 0.12 ... 0.29 ... 0.39 ... 1.20 ... ... ... ... ... ... 4.61 0.06 ... ... ... ... ... 1.76 1.57 0.07 ... 0.44 0.00 ... ... ... ... ... 0.90 ... 0.08 0.25 ... 0.57

2002 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2001 2004 2004

2004 2004 2000 2002 2000

2000 2004

2004 2004 2004 2004 2004

2004 2004 2004 2004

... ... ... ... 6 300 9 491 49 661 7 782 ... ... ... ... ... 241 ... ... ... 3 898 203 337 ... 6 862 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 862 ... ... ... ... ... 288 ... 564 ... ... 6 ... ... ... ... ... 22 859 ... 112 35 374 ... 310

... ... ... ... 0.20 0.49 0.99 3.87 ... ... ... ... ... 0.02 ... ... ... 1.33 1.29 ... 2.33 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.10 ... ... ... ... ... 1.75 ... 0.05 ... ... 0.00 ... ... ... ... ... 0.51 ... 0.01 1.03 ... 0.29

Year

Health management and support workers Year

Density per 1 000 population

Number

Year

Density per 1 000 population

Number

Year

... ... 1.47 ... ... ... 0.99 ... ... 0.63 ... 8.12 ... ... 0.91 ... ... ... 0.42 ... 0.46 ... 1.15 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2.99 1.48 ... ... ... ... ... 2.27 ... ... ... ... 0.11 ... ... ... ... ... 0.32 ... ... 0.17 ... 4.34

Other health workers

Density per 1 000 population

2003 2004 2004 1998 2000

2004 2004 2004 2004

... ... 3 758 ... ... ... 49 531 ... ... 16 206 ... 30 987 ... ... 115 761 ... ... ... 65 999 ... 1 359 ... 6 598 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 435 093 12 557 ... ... ... ... ... 374 ... ... ... ... 558 ... ... ... ... ... 14 306 ... ... 5 797 ... 4 700

Laboratory health workers

Number

2004 2004

2002

Density per 1 000 population

2004 2003 2001

... ... 0.03 ... 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.12 ... 0.01 ... ... ... 0.02 ... ... ... 0.06 0.00 ... 0.32 ... 0.02 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.50 0.01 ... ... ... ... ... 0.12 ... 0.07 ... 0.96 0.03 ... ... ... ... ... 0.06 ... 0.08 0.08 ... 0.10

Number

2004 2004 2004 2004

... ... 85 ... 737 564 1 757 240 ... 172 ... ... ... 268 ... ... ... 173 106 ... 948 ... 133 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 72 515 101 ... ... ... ... ... 19 ... 705 ... 77 136 ... ... ... ... ... 2 529 ... 1 541 2 897 ... 110

Community health workers Year

Year 2002

Density per 1 000 population

... ... 0.43 ... 0.24 0.03 0.00 0.14 ... 0.01 0.19 0.92 ... 0.00 0.05 ... 0.37 0.53 0.05 0.06 0.86 ... 0.33 ... 0.03 0.66 0.95 0.90 1.08 0.48 0.06 0.08 0.03 ... ... ... 0.03 ... 0.15 0.22 0.01 ... 0.76 0.07 0.28 0.52 0.40 0.07 0.00 0.28 0.87 0.06 0.10 ... 0.06

Public and environmental health workers Number

... ... 1 093 ... 7 366 618 127 288 ... 358 3 134 3 495 ... 20 6 344 ... 1 675 1 551 8 102 1 2 526 ... 1 868 ... 2 482 25 397 9 543 530 50 623 2 061 1 275 11 404 278 ... ... ... 5 ... 24 5 485 85 ... 61 340 1 141 2 783 790 28 8 12 521 35 800 1 066 3 558 ... 70

Density per 1 000 population

Number

Pharmacists

2004 2004 2004 2004

2004

2004 2004 2000

2004

2004 2004

2004

2004 2004 2004 2004

56835

83347-9473

Health systems

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

0.70 0.28 ... 0.61 0.01 0.72 0.40 0.05 0.19 ... 0.29 ... ... 0.91 0.16 0.50 ... 0.63 0.07 ... ... 0.82 ... ... 0.19 0.02 0.46 ... 0.27

2002 2000 2003 2000 2001 2004 2004 2001 2004

2002 2004 2003 1997 2002

2003

2001 2004 2004 2002

7 270 3 598 12 206 945 10 459 1 125 45 19 33 107 2 452 17 200 876 2 363 19 354 954 58 729 267 463 663 3 936 3 606 ... 13 680 ... 850 491 310 3 792

0.82 0.50 0.72 0.15 0.17 0.55 0.05 0.00 0.32 0.08 0.25 0.24 0.18 0.18 0.01 0.40 0.33 1.01 0.01 1.63 1.16 0.14 ... 0.55 ... 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.36

23 964 880 636 92 945 450 624 81 953 279 779 1 809 901

0.03 1.05 0.06 0.52 0.16 0.17 0.29

Year

6 247 2 033 ... 3 780 872 1 456 328 270 19 ... 2 883 ... ... 10 4 164 24 496 ... 36 399 2 563 ... ... 21 270 ... ... 14 662 413 5 020 ... 2 864

Density per 1 000 population

2002 2000 2001 2003 2000 2001 2004 2004 2001 1997 2004 2003 2002 2002 2004 2003 2001 1997 2002 2000 2002 2003 1997 1997 2001 2004 2004 2004 2002

Number

Density per 1 000 population

10.24 10.75 1.94 4.58 2.82 5.19 1.79 0.33 3.16 2.87 2.58 1.70 9.04 2.64 0.55 7.62 4.18 12.12 0.30 9.37 0.85 9.82 2.35 0.66 0.56 0.64 1.56 0.72 4.64

Dentists

Year

Number

0.21 1.94 0.52 3.20 0.74 1.10 1.23

2002 90 758 2002 77 120 2001 32 938 2003 28 586 2000 171 605 2001 10 553 2004 1 467 2004 1 667 2001 322 1997 3 653 2004 25 654 2003 121 000 2002 43 359 2002 29 2004 14 805 2003 369 755 2001 12 045 1997 704 332 2002 10 729 2000 2 669 603 2002 2 880 2003 256 183 1997 428 2001 15 020 2001 44 539 2004 13 333 2004 16 990 2004 9 357 2002 48 875

Midwives

Year

150 708 1 624 583 844 994 2 810 063 383 426 1 869 216 7 682 990

Number

3.28 3.61 1.40 2.03 0.37 2.19 0.10 0.04 0.34 0.79 1.34 1.35 4.18 0.55 0.08 2.95 2.02 2.30 0.02 2.56 3.65 2.74 0.11 1.94 0.53 0.33 0.12 0.16 2.06

Year

29 122 25 921 23 742 12 697 22 435 4 459 79 225 35 1 004 13 330 96 000 20 032 6 2 209 143 202 5 825 133 641 822 730 801 12 384 71 623 20 48 000 42 327 6 739 1 264 2 086 21 738

Nurses

Density per 1 000 population

Sweden EUR Switzerland EUR Syrian Arab Republic EMR Tajikistan EUR Thailand SEAR The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia EUR Timor-Leste SEAR Togo AFR Tonga WPR Trinidad and Tobago AMR Tunisia EMR Turkey EUR Turkmenistan EUR Tuvalu WPR Uganda AFR Ukraine EUR United Arab Emirates EMR United Kingdom EUR United Republic of Tanzania AFR United States of America AMR Uruguay AMR Uzbekistan EUR Vanuatu WPR Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) AMR Viet Nam WPR Yemen EMR Zambia AFR Zimbabwe AFR The former state union of Serbia EUR and Montenegrob

Physicians

Density per 1 000 population

166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194

Human resources for healtha

WHO region

Number

Member State

2002 2003 2001 2003 2000 2001 2004 2004 2001 1997 2004 2003 2002 2002 2004 2003 2001 1997 2002 2000 2002 2003 2001 2004 2004 2004 2002

Region African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Paciﬁc Region Global

AFR AMR SEAR EUR EMR WPR

663 942 4 063 609 1 311 301 6 529 455 577 161 2 891 839 16 037 307

0.93 4.88 0.81 7.43 1.11 1.70 2.56

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

... Data not available or not applicable; AFR, African Region; AMR, Region of the Americas; SEAR, South-East Asia Region; EUR, European Region; EMR, Eastern Mediterranean Region; WPR, Western Paciﬁc Region. The global values for rates and ratios are weighted averages; for absolute numbers they are the sums of all WHO regions. a a Global Atlas of the Health Workforce [online database]. World Health Organization. (http://who.int/globalatlas/autologin/hrh_login.asp, accessed 1 March 2007). b See footnote o to the table on Health status: mortality.

62

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

Human resources for healtha

2003

2001 2004 2004 2004 2002

2004 2004

2004

2004

1997 2002

2004 2004 2004

1997

2004 2004

... ... ... ... ... ... 0.04 0.11 ... ... 0.40 ... ... ... 0.06 ... ... 0.34 0.04 2.28 ... ... ... ... ... 0.23 0.13 0.07 ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

63

2004 2004

2004

2004

1997 2002 2000

2004 2004 2004

... ... ... ... 14 117 ... 18 606 ... ... 10 799 ... 7 846 ... 4 128 ... ... 161 490 29 722 4 138 567 ... ... ... ... ... 4 580 3 330 743 ...

... ... ... ... 0.23 ... 0.02 0.12 ... ... 1.09 ... 1.64 ... 0.15 ... ... 2.78 0.82 14.52 ... ... ... ... ... 0.22 0.30 0.06 ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

2000 2004 2004

2004 2002 2004

1997 2002 2000

2004 2004 2004

... ... ... ... 117 384 ... 184 1 335 ... ... 15 955 ... ... ... 6 344 ... ... 741 664 689 7 056 080 ... ... ... ... ... 10 902 10 853 ... ...

... ... ... ... 1.93 ... 0.22 0.27 ... ... 1.61 ... ... ... 0.24 ... ... 12.77 0.02 24.76 ... ... ... ... ... 0.53 0.99 ... ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Year

Number

Density per 1 000 population

Health management and support workers Year

Density per 1 000 population

Number

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

2004 2004

... ... ... ... ... ... 36 528 ... ... 3 936 ... ... ... 1 702 ... ... 20 035 1 520 651 035 ... ... ... ... ... 4 709 1 415 917 ...

Other health workers Year

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

2000

Density per 1 000 population

... ... ... ... 0.65 ... 2.02 0.09 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 8.43 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.29 ... 0.04 ...

Number

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

2000

... ... ... ... 39 780 ... 1 657 475 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 490 002 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 6 025 ... 581 ...

Laboratory health workers

Year

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Year

... ... ... ... 0.04 ... 0.03 0.06 ... ... 0.09 ... ... ... 0.04 ... ... 0.25 0.05 ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.04 0.09 0.14 ...

Density per 1 000 population

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

2004 2003 2002 2002 2004 2001 2001 1997 2002 2000

... ... ... ... 2 151 ... 22 289 ... ... 890 ... ... ... 1 042 ... ... 14 439 1 831 ... ... ... ... ... ... 792 1 027 1 803 ...

Community health workers Number

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

2002 2003 2001 2003 2000 2001 2004 2004 2001

Density per 1 000 population

0.66 0.60 0.52 0.11 0.25 0.15 0.02 0.03 0.17 ... 0.29 0.32 0.34 0.09 0.03 0.48 0.38 0.51 0.01 0.88 ... 0.03 ... ... 0.08 0.13 0.10 0.07 0.19

Number

5 885 4 322 8 862 680 15 480 309 14 134 17 ... 2 909 22 500 1 626 1 688 23 576 1 086 29 726 365 249 642 ... 899 ... ... 5 977 2 638 1 039 883 1 980

Public and environmental health workers Year

Number

Density per 1 000 population

Pharmacists

2000 2004 2004

2004

2004

1997 2002 2000

2004 2004

56835

83347-9473

Health systems

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Member State

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d’Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus

WHO region

EMR EUR AFR EUR AFR AMR AMR EUR WPR EUR EUR AMR EMR SEAR AMR EUR EUR AMR AFR SEAR AMR EUR AFR AMR WPR EUR AFR AFR WPR AFR AMR AFR AFR AFR AMR WPR AMR AFR AFR WPR AMR AFR EUR AMR EUR

Health expenditure ratios Total expenditure on health as % of gross domestic producta

General government expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on healtha,b

Private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on healtha,b

General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditurea

External resources for health as % of total expenditure on healtha

2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

4.4e 6.7 3.6 7.1 1.9 4.8 9.6 5.4 9.6 10.3 3.6 6.8 4.0 3.1 7.1 6.2 9.7 5.1 4.9 4.6 6.8 8.3 6.4 8.8 3.2 8.0 6.1 3.2 6.7 5.2 9.8 5.2 4.1 4.2 6.1 4.7f 7.8 2.8 2.5 3.5 6.6 3.8 7.7 6.3 5.8

16.9 44.1 72.5 69.2 79.4 70.6 45.3 26.2 67.5 75.6 25.0 50.1 67.2 28.1 63.5 74.9 71.1 53.8 51.2 64.2 60.7 49.4 62.9 54.1 79.7 57.6 54.8 26.2 25.8 28.0 69.8 75.8 36.8 36.9 47.0 38.0f 86.0 56.9 49.2 87.4 77.0 23.8 81.0 87.8 44.3

83.1 55.9 27.5 30.8 20.6 29.4 54.7 73.8 32.5 24.4 75.0 49.9 32.8 71.9 36.5 25.1 28.9 46.2 48.8 35.8 39.3 50.6 37.1 45.9 20.3 42.4 45.2 73.8 74.2 72.0 30.2 24.2 63.2 63.1 53.0 62.0f 14.0 43.1 50.8 12.6 23.0 76.2 19.0 12.2 55.7

2.3 10.0 8.4 33.4 4.4 12.4 15.1 6.8 18.5 15.4 3.4 15.1 9.4 5.9 12.3 10.2 14.1 6.5 9.8 6.1 12.8 9.8 10.5 14.2 4.8 11.6 15.3 2.3 11.4 10.5 17.1 12.3 10.9 9.5 13.1 10.1f 20.9 8.0 4.4 8.4 21.3 4.6 14.1 11.2 5.9

6.1 2.4 0.0 0.0 9.1 0.9 0.2 7.2 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.2 0.0 15.1 2.0 ... 0.0 5.3 10.2 14.5 9.1 1.3 2.5 0.0 ... 1.0 26.8 17.6 28.5 5.3 0.0 20.7 47.7 7.0 0.1 0.1f 0.1 18.3 3.6 20.3 0.8 5.0 0.4 0.3 0.0

0.0 24.8 33.2 89.1 0.0 0.0 56.8 0.0 0.0 61.0 0.0 2.6 0.5 0.0 0.0 2.2 83.2 17.4 ... 0.0 65.3 95.4 ... 0.0 ... 49.6 0.4 ... 0.0 0.0 2.1 29.5 ... ... 33.3 55.2f 59.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 90.6 ... 97.9 0.0 0.0

97.7 99.8 94.6 70.7 100.0 100.0 48.7 89.2 61.6 67.9 93.6 40.3 69.3 88.3 78.6 72.7 83.5 100.0 99.9 100.0 82.5 100.0 27.9 64.2 100.0 98.0 97.9 100.0 85.4 94.5 49.4 99.8 95.4 95.8 45.9 86.5f 49.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 88.7 88.7 93.8 74.5 93.4

64

Social security Out-of-pocket expenditure expenditure on health as as % of % of general private government expenditure expenditure on healtha on healtha

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

Health expenditure aggregates

Coverage of vital registration of deathsc

Private prepaid plans as % of private expenditure on healtha

Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange ratea (US$)

Per capita total expenditure on health at international dollar ratea

Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange ratea (US$)

Per capita government expenditure on health at international dollar ratea

2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

(%)

14 157 94 2 453 26 485 383 63 3 123 3 683 37 1 211 620 14 745 147 3 363 201 24 15 66 198 329 290 473 251 24 3 24 51 3 038 98 13 20 359 70f 168 13 28 335 290 33 609 230 1 109

19 339 167 3 546 38 516 1 274 226 3 123 3 418 138 1 349 871 64 1 151 427 3 133 339 40 93 186 603 504 1 520 621 671 77 16 140 83 3 173 225 54 42 720 277f 570 25 30 435 592 64 917 229 1 128

2 69 68 1 697 20 343 174 17 2 107 2 783 9 607 417 4 473 110 2 392 108 12 10 40 98 207 157 377 144 13 1 6 14 2 121 74 5 7 169 27f 145 8 14 293 223 8 494 202 491

3 149 121 2 453 30 365 578 59 2 107 2 582 35 676 586 18 731 319 2 228 182 21 60 113 298 317 822 495 386 42 4 36 23 2 215 171 20 15 338 105f 490 14 15 380 456 15 743 201 499

<25 94 76 46 <25 ... 100 78 100 100 72 88 90 <25 100 98 100 96 <25 <25 <25 88 22 79 100 100 <25 <25 <25 <25 100 ... <25 <25 98 8 79 <25 <25 >75 79 <25 99 100 83

0.0 0.0 5.2 26.8 0.0 ... 45.6 0.2 20.4 33.6 0.4 58.6 12.8 0.1 21.4 0.1 12.0 ... 0.1 0.0 8.8 ... 19.8 35.8 ... 0.2 1.4 ... 0.0 ... 42.3 0.2 ... 0.5 54.0 5.5f 51.0 0.0 ... 0.0 2.1 11.3 6.2 0.0 5.4

65

Year 2002 2003 2000 2000 2002 2003 2003 2002 2004 2002 2000 2001 2002 2000 2003 1997 2001 2002 2002 2002 1999 1998 2000 2000 2003 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2000 1999 2002 2002 2001 2002 2002 2004 2003 2003

Hospital bedsd

per 10 000 population 4 30 17 27 ... 24 41 45 40 77 82 34 28 3 73 111 53 13 5 16 10 30 22 26 27 64 ... 7 6 ... 36 ... ... 4 24 22 12 22 ... 40 14 ... 55 49 34

Year

2005 2004 2005 2005 2000 2005 2002 2005 2005 2004 2005 2001 2004 2005 2005 2004 2005 2001 2004 2005 2003 2002 2002 2005 2006 2001 2003

2005 2004 2003 2004 2006 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005

56835

83347-9473

Health systems

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Member State

46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

WHO region

Health expenditure ratios Total expenditure on health as % of gross domestic producta

General government expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on healtha,b

Private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on healtha,b

General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditurea

External resources for health as % of total expenditure on healtha

2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

Social security Out-of-pocket expenditure expenditure on health as as % of % of general private government expenditure expenditure on healtha on healtha

Czech Republic Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala

EUR SEAR AFR EUR EMR AMR AMR AMR EMR AMR AFR AFR EUR AFR WPR EUR EUR AFR AFR EUR EUR AFR EUR AMR AMR

7.3 3.5 4.0 8.6 6.3 5.9 6.0 5.5 6.1 7.9 1.6 4.5 5.3 5.3 4.6 7.4 10.5 4.5 6.8 5.3 10.6 6.7 7.9g 6.9 5.7

89.2 85.6 28.1 82.3 69.2 71.3 31.6 40.7 38.2 44.4 77.1 39.2 76.0 51.5 62.3 77.2 78.4 68.8 27.1 27.4 76.9 42.2 52.8 72.8 41.0

10.8 14.4 71.9 17.7 30.8 28.7 68.4 59.3 61.8 55.6 22.9 60.8 24.0 48.5 37.7 22.8 21.6 31.2 72.9 72.6 23.1 57.8 47.2 27.2 59.0

14.6 6.0 7.3 12.8 11.5 11.9 10.3 7.6 7.9 20.6 7.0 4.2 11.5 9.4 9.1 11.3 15.4 13.9 5.9 7.7 17.3 8.4 10.7 11.1 18.8

0.0 53.6 19.1 0.0 34.0 3.0 1.5 0.8 0.9 1.2 3.8 59.6 0.5 35.2 9.6 0.0 0.0 1.3 23.0 9.8 0.0 29.9 ... 1.5 2.3

89.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.8 0.0 16.2 39.2 26.7 41.7 0.0 0.0 86.5 0.4 0.0 21.9 95.7 1.7 0.0 58.7 87.0 ... 56.0 0.0 49.4

95.5 100.0 100.0 81.3 98.6 100.0 73.1 85.4 94.3 94.2 75.1 100.0 88.8 78.3 100.0 80.8 34.9 100.0 68.2 87.2 57.5 78.2 95.7 100.0 90.5

Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of)

AFR AFR AMR AMR AMR EUR EUR SEAR SEAR EMR

5.3 4.8 5.3 7.6 7.2 7.9 9.9 5.0 2.8 6.6

13.2 27.3 83.5 38.5 54.9 71.6 83.4 17.3 34.2 47.8

86.8 72.7 16.5 61.5 45.1 28.4 16.6 82.7 65.8 52.2

4.5 3.5 10.0 23.9 16.7 11.6 18.1 2.9 5.0 10.9

9.5 31.6 8.2 14.2 8.7 0.4 0.0 0.5 1.3 0.2c

1.6 3.5 0.0 0.0 14.2 85.3 37.0 5.6 10.8

99.5 90.0 100.0 69.6 84.3 88.0 100.0 93.8 74.7

Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan

EMR EUR EUR EUR AMR WPR EMR

5.3h 7.2 8.7 8.7 5.2 7.8 9.8i

78.5h 79.5 70.0 75.1 54.3 81.3

21.5h 20.5 30.0 24.9 45.7 18.7

3.4h 16.8 11.8 13.7 4.7 17.2

2.5h 0.0 3.2 0.0 1.4 0.0

38.4 ... 0.8 58.3 0.1 0.0 80.0

94.8 100.0h 65.9 75.0 84.4 63.6 94.9

Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati

EUR AFR WPR

3.8 4.1 13.7

48.4i 59.8 42.7 93.0

51.6i 40.2 57.3 7.0

9.6i 10.2 8.2 9.3

7.1i 0.9 18.3 27.9

0.5i 0.0 8.4 0.0

73.8i 100.0 81.9 100.0

66

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

Health expenditure aggregates

Coverage of vital registration of deathsc

Private prepaid plans as % of private expenditure on healtha

Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange ratea (US$)

Per capita total expenditure on health at international dollar ratea

Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange ratea (US$)

Per capita government expenditure on health at international dollar ratea

2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

(%)

771 <1 5 3 897 53 215 148 127 66 184 168 10 463 6 148 2 664 3 464 231 19 60 3 521 27 1 879 293 127 22 9 56 33 77 800 4 413 31 33 158 58h 3 234 1 534 2 580 176 2 823 200i 109 20 112

1 412 47 15 2 780 87 309 377 261 258 375 223 27 752 21 284 2 203 3 040 264 88 171 3 171 95 2 179 480 256 96 28 329 82 197 1 308 3 294 91 118 604 135h 2 618 1 972 2 414 223 2 293 502i 264 86 271

687 <1 1 3 207 37 153 47 52 25 82 130 4 352 3 92 2 057 2 715 159 5 16 2 709 12 992 213 52 3 2 47 13 42 573 3 679 5 11 75 45h 2 570 1 073 1 936 95 2 295 97i 65 9 104

1 259 40 4 2 287 60 221 119 107 99 167 172 11 571 11 177 1 700 2 382 182 24 47 2 440 40 1 150 349 105 13 8 275 32 108 937 2 746 16 41 288 106h 2 080 1 380 1 812 121 1 864 243i 158 37 252

100 <25 <25 100 <25 >75 49 69 90 73 <25 <25 100 <25 100 100 100 <25 <25 64 100 <25 91 ... 86 <25 <25 ... 7 ... 100 96 <25 <25 38 <25 100 100 98 ... 100 37 79 <10 >75

2.1 0.0 ... 9.2 1.4 ... 21.1 5.8 0.3 5.6 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.9 ... 10.3 57.3 ... ... 1.8 39.1 6.6 4.3 ... 4.2 0.0 0.0 ... ... 9.0 3.2 0.0 0.8 5.9 4.4 ... 32.7 25.0 3.6 32.1 1.9 7.4i ... 6.1 0.0

67

Year 2004 2002 2002 2001 2002 1999 1999 2003 2001 1999 2002 2002 2003 2002 2000 2004 2002 2002 2002 2001 2004 1999 2003 1999 2002 2002 1999 2003 2003 2000 2002 2001 2002 2002 2003 2001 2003 2004 2003 1999 2002

Hospital bedsd

per 10 000 population

Year

84 132 ... 38 16 39 22 14 22 9 22 ... 58 2 26 70 75 ... 8 38 84 9 47 48 7 ... ... 29 8 10 79 75 7 6 17 13 57 63 40 17 129 17 78 19 15

2005 2002 2004 2000 2004 2005 2003 2005 2005 2005 2004 2004 1999 2005 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 2004 2005 2005

2001 2000 2002 2005 2002 2002 1998 2005 2005 2004 2005 2004 2005 2001 2005 2005 2002 2004

56835

83347-9473

Health systems

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Member State

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135

Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People’s Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines

WHO region

EMR EUR WPR EUR EMR AFR AFR EMR EUR EUR AFR AFR WPR SEAR AFR EUR WPR AFR AFR AMR WPR EUR WPR EUR EMR AFR SEAR AFR WPR SEAR EUR WPR AMR AFR AFR WPR EUR EMR EMR WPR AMR WPR AMR AMR WPR

Health expenditure ratios Total expenditure on health as % of gross domestic producta

General government expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on healtha,b

Private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on healtha,b

General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditurea

External resources for health as % of total expenditure on healtha

2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

2.8 5.6 3.9 7.1 11.6 6.5 5.6 3.8 6.5 8.0j 3.0 12.9 3.8 7.7 6.6 9.2 15.2 2.9 4.3 6.5 7.6 9.9 6.0 ... 5.1 4.0 2.2 6.8 8.1 5.6 9.2 8.4 8.2 4.2 4.6 15.1 9.7 3.0 2.2 9.7 7.7 3.6 7.7 4.1 3.4

77.6 40.9 20.5 56.6 27.4 84.2 63.9 74.9 75.0 90.4j 59.1 74.7 58.8 81.4 49.2 76.1 97.0 69.4 54.7 46.4 85.7 75.7 66.6 ... 34.3 68.4 12.9 69.0 73.0 26.3 62.4 77.4 47.1 52.5 30.4 98.8 83.5 81.4 19.6 91.2 66.9 84.3 33.7 46.9 39.8

22.4 59.1 79.5 43.4 72.6 15.8 36.1 25.1 25.0 9.6j 40.9 25.3 41.2 18.6 50.8 23.9 3.0 30.6 45.3 53.6 14.3 24.3 33.4 ... 65.7 31.6 87.1 31.0 27.0 73.7 37.6 22.6 52.9 47.5 69.6 1.2 16.5 18.6 80.4 8.8 33.1 15.7 66.3 53.1 60.2

6.0 8.3 5.0 11.1 9.3 13.4 20.1 6.1 15.8 16.7j 8.7 28.8 7.5 16.0 12.8 14.4 14.5 5.3 9.8 12.9 10.2 16.4 9.4 ... 5.5 9.1 1.4 13.5 32.9 8.1 12.4 18.2 12.0 10.3 3.5 12.4 17.8 6.1 1.9 16.4 10.4 10.0 15.3 9.0 6.3

0.0 15.1 10.2 0.3 1.7 8.7 37.8 0.0 3.1 0.0j 45.5 59.4 0.1 1.6 13.8 0.0 16.9 20.2 1.4 0.3 71.9 0.0 4.6 ... 0.9 55.9 13.1 16.9 7.8 17.6 0.0 0.0 11.3 21.3 5.6 43.2 0.0 0.0 2.5 19.8 0.2 26.5 1.9 1.3 3.6

0.0 14.6 12.1 78.3 48.8 0.0 0.0 ... 83.3 80.3j ... 0.0 0.7 29.2 ... 0.0 15.7 0.0 ... 67.3 ... 98.5 38.6 ... 0.0 0.0 3.2 1.7 0.0 0.0 95.5 0.0 26.3 ... 0.0 0.0 16.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 49.9 0.0 37.4 47.9 23.8

90.4 94.3 90.3 98.3 82.2 18.2 98.5 100.0 96.8 69.9j 52.5 35.2 74.1 100.0 99.5 90.2 100.0 100.0 80.8 94.4 40.0 82.2 92.3 ... 76.0 38.5 99.4 18.1 100.0 88.1 20.6 76.1 95.9 85.1 90.4 100.0 95.2 57.1 98.0 100.0 82.5 46.4 72.2 79.2 77.9

68

Social security Out-of-pocket expenditure expenditure on health as as % of % of general private government expenditure expenditure on healtha on healtha

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

Health expenditure aggregates

Coverage of vital registration of deathsc

Private prepaid plans as % of private expenditure on healtha

Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange ratea (US$)

Per capita total expenditure on health at international dollar ratea

Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange ratea (US$)

Per capita government expenditure on health at international dollar ratea

2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

(%)

633 24 17 418 670 49 9 195 424 5 904j 7 19 180 180 24 1 239 272 15 222 424 156 5 330 37 ... 82 12 5k 190 347 14 3 442 2 040 67 9 23 1 225 5 405 295 14 656 343 30 88 104 36

538 102 74 852 817 139 22 328 843 5 178j 29 58 402 494 54 1 733 555 43 516 655 292 4 744 141 ... 234 42 38k 407 399 71 3 092 2 081 231 26 53 245 4 080 419 48 841 632 147 327 235 203

417 42 15 482 224 117 14 246 633 4 679j 17 43 237 403 27 1 318 539 30 282 304 250 3 593 94 ... 80 29 5k 281 292 19 1 928 1 610 109 14 16 242 3 406 341 9 767 423 124 110 111 81

90 71 <25 100 19 <25 <25 <25 100 100 <25 <25 40 42 <25 100 53 <25 100 96 ... ... 86 ... 34 <25 <25 <25 ... <25 100 99 59 <25 <25 >75 96 71 <25 >75 89 ... 74 51 85

9.6 ... 0.5 1.7 15.4 ... 0.0 0.0 0.5 17.6j 11.1 14.6 13.2 0.0 0.5 7.3 0.0 0.0 10.0 5.6 ... 17.8 0.0 ... 24.0 0.6 0.0 77.2 0.0 0.0 50.6 22.6 3.2 11.7 6.7 0.0 0.0 28.6 ... 0.0 17.5 6.2 13.9 17.5 12.1

491 10 3 237 184 42 6 146 318 5 335j 4 14 106 147 12 943 264 10 122 197 134 4 037 25 ... 28 8 1k 131 253 4 2 146 1 578 32 5 7 1 211 4 512 240 3 598 229 26 30 49 14

69

Year 2002 2004 2002 2004 1999 2002 2002 2002 2004 2004 2002 2002 1998 2003 2002 2004 1997 2002 2003 2002

2003 1997 1997 2000 2002 2002 2004 2000 2002 2002 2002 2000 2003 2001 2002 1999 2003 2000 2000 1998

Hospital bedsd

per 10 000 population

Year

19 51 9 77 36 ... ... 34 81 63 ... ... 18 23 ... 75 21 6 30 10 28 ... 75 42 9 ... 6 ... 60 2 50 60 9 ... 12 73 42 21 7 44 24 ... 12 11 12

2005 2005 2002 2005 2005

2004 2005 2004

2001 2003 2005 1999 2006 2005 2004 2000 2002 2005 2004 2000 2004 2001 2003 2002 2004 2000 2003 2005 2005 2003 1998 2004 2005 2004 2002

56835

83347-9473

Health systems

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Member State

136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180

WHO region

Health expenditure ratios Total expenditure on health as % of gross domestic producta

General government expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on healtha,b

Private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on healtha,b

General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditurea

External resources for health as % of total expenditure on healtha

Social security Out-of-pocket expenditure expenditure on health as as % of % of general private government expenditure expenditure on healtha on healtha

2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

Poland Portugal

EUR EUR

6.2 9.8j

68.6 71.6j

31.4 28.4j

10.0 15.1j

0.1 0.0j

82.4 1.2j

89.6 79.4j

Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda

EMR WPR EUR EUR EUR AFR AMR AMR AMR WPR EUR AFR EMR AFR EUR AFR AFR WPR EUR EUR WPR EMR AFR EUR SEAR EMR AMR AFR EUR EUR EMR EUR SEAR EUR

2.4 5.5 7.4 5.1 6.0 7.5 5.2 5.0 6.1 5.3 7.4 11.5 3.9 5.9 ... 6.1 3.3 3.7 7.2 8.7 5.9 ... 8.6 8.1 4.3 4.1 7.8 6.3 9.1 11.5 4.7 4.4 3.5 8.0

76.5 52.6 56.8 66.1 61.3 56.8 63.2 65.0 63.2 76.8 79.0 86.2 76.5 40.3 ... 75.3 59.0 34.0 73.8 75.6 94.5 ... 40.4 70.9 45.6 35.4 46.0 63.8 84.9 58.5 47.4 21.6 64.7 71.0

23.5 47.4 43.2 33.9 38.7 43.2 36.8 35.0 36.8 23.2 21.0 13.8 23.5 59.7 ... 24.7 41.0 66.0 26.2 24.4 5.5 ... 59.6 29.1 54.4 64.6 54.0 36.2 15.1 41.5 52.6 78.4 35.3 29.0

6.1 10.3 12.1 11.1 9.8 16.5 9.6 10.8 11.0 13.1 21.6 13.1 9.9 9.8 ... 10.2 7.8 6.2 13.7 13.8 18.8 ... 10.8 14.7 8.4 7.2 9.7 11.2 13.6 18.6 5.9 4.6 11.2 17.1

0.0 0.0 4.8 25.0 0.1 37.1 1.8 0.7 0.1 12.4 0.0 53.3 0.0 12.8 ... 2.4 35.4 0.0 0.0 ... 60.8 ... 0.5 0.0 1.2 5.1 9.7 9.5 0.0 0.0 0.2 9.1 0.3 1.4

0.0 79.2 70.2 83.4 36.2 4.6 0.0 4.8 0.0 1.2 94.0 0.0 ... 14.7 ... 3.3 0.0 25.9 86.3 90.3 0.0 ... 4.3 7.4 0.2 12.5 36.7 0.0 0.0 70.8 0.0 0.0 10.2 97.5

86.4 80.4 96.0 93.4 76.7 36.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 78.0 96.8 100.0 26.4 94.5 ... 62.5 100.0 96.9 73.1 39.5 55.9 ... 17.2 81.0 84.0 98.1 60.2 40.2 92.0 76.7 100.0 97.3 74.7 100.0

SEAR AFR WPR AMR EMR EUR EUR WPR AFR

11.2 5.5 6.3 3.5 6.2 7.7 4.8 16.6m 7.6

78.9 20.7 79.5 38.9 52.1 72.3 68.9 94.8m 32.7

21.1 79.3 20.5 61.1 47.9 27.7 31.1 5.2m 67.3

15.0 6.9 16.1 5.1 8.8 14.3 14.9 18.3m 10.0

53.7 8.9 31.4 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.4 46.5m 25.2

0.0 14.4 ... 0.0 19.4 54.8 6.1 0.0m 0.0

25.6 84.9 84.9 88.5 83.0 69.1 100.0 16.5m 51.3

70

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

Health expenditure aggregates

Coverage of vital registration of deathsc

Private prepaid plans as % of private expenditure on healtha

Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange ratea (US$)

Per capita total expenditure on health at international dollar ratea

Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange ratea (US$)

Per capita government expenditure on health at international dollar ratea

2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

(%)

1.9 15.9j ... 7.1 1.1 0 9.9 1.3 ... ... ... 0.0 3.2 0.0 43.7 4.4 ... 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 51.7 0.0 ... 77.5 16.2 8.8 ... 0.8 21.1 1.9 21.1 0.0 0.0 16.5 ...

411 1 665j 992 777 46 178 245 16 500 232 210 109 3 356 48 412 39 ... 534 7 943 565 1 438 35 ... 390 1 971 43 25 194 146 3 532 5 572 58l 14 88 212

814 1 897j 688 1 135 138 433 583 126 710 302 418 218 3 198 141 601 72 ... 634 34 1 118 1 061 1 815 114 ... 748 2 099 163 54 376 367 2 828 4 011 109l 54 293 471

282 1 193j 759 409 26 ,17 150 9 316 151 133 84 2 652 41 315 16 ... 403 4 321 417 1 087 33 ... 158 1 397 19 9 89 93 3 000 3 261 27l 3 57 150

559 1 359j 526 597 79 286 358 72 448 196 264 167 2 527 122 460 29 ... 478 20 381 782 1 372 108 ... 302 1 488 74 19 173 234 2 402 2 347 52l 12 190 335

100 100 83 90 83 100 97 <25 >75 100 99 28 >75 ... 31 <25 ... >75 <25 82 100 100 28 <25 ... 100 ... <25 ... <25 100 100 100 50 91 90

2003 2003 2001 2002 2004 2004 2004 2002 1997 2001 1999 2002 2000

0.0 4.0 0.4 6.1 15.3 12.5 0.0 0.0m 0.2

44 18 117 329 175 325 124 355m 19

143 63 316 523 502 557 245 257m 135

34 4 93 128 91 235 86 337m 6

113 13 251 203 262 402 169 244m 44

<25 <10 <75 94 6 41 76 >75 <25

71

Year

Hospital bedsd

per 10 000 population

Year 2004 2004 2005 2002 2005 2005 2005 2004 2005 2005 2004 2002

2002 2002 2002 2000 2001 2002 2003

53 37 24 66 64 66 97 17 55 28 45 15 ... 32 23 ... 59 ... 4 28 69 48 22 ... ... 35 30 7 31 ... 52 57 13 62 22 47

2002 2001 1998 2000 1999 2003 1998 2000 2002

... 9 29 33 18 26 49 40 7

2002 2002 2000 2002 2002 2002 2003 1999 2002 2003 2002

2003 2004 2005 2006 2003 2005 2005 2003

2003 2001 2004 2004 1997 2004 2004 2005 2000 2005

2005 2004 2003 2004 2005 2004 2001 2004

56835

83347-9473

Health systems

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Member State

181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194

Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe The former state union of Serbia and Montenegron

WHO region

Health expenditure ratios Total expenditure on health as % of gross domestic producta

General government expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on healtha,b

Private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on healtha,b

General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditurea

External resources for health as % of total expenditure on healtha

Social security Out-of-pocket expenditure expenditure on health as as % of % of general private government expenditure expenditure on healtha on healtha

2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

EUR EMR EUR AFR AMR AMR EUR WPR AMR WPR EMR AFR AFR EUR

6.5 2.9 8.1 4.0 15.4 8.2 5.1 4.1 4.7 5.5 5.0 6.3 7.5 10.1o

56.7 69.9 86.3 43.6 44.7 43.5 46.6 76.8 42.0 27.1 38.3 54.7 46.1 72.1o

43.3 30.1 13.7 56.4 55.3 56.5 53.4 23.2 58.0 72.9 61.7 45.3 53.9 27.9o

9.4 8.1 15.9 8.5 18.9 10.1 7.8 13.6 8.2 5.0 5.7 12.8 8.9 14.0o

0.7 0.0 0.0 27.1 0.0 0.3 3.9 22.9 0.0 2.0 15.0 36.3 13.1 0.5o

0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 28.0 42.0 ... 0.0 22.8 16.9 ... 0.0 0.0 81.7o

90.5 71.0 91.8 83.2 23.8 31.1 96.2 57.5 88.3 88.0 95.5 71.4 48.7 88.2o

AFR AMR SEAR EUR EMR WPR

6.0 12.7 4.0 8.6 5.0 5.8 8.7

43.9 47.5 27.3 74.2 49.0 56.9 55.9

56.1 52.5 72.7 25.8 51.0 43.1 44.1

8.8 17.4 4.5 14.3 7.6 13.1 14.3

9.2 0.1 2.2 0.1 1.1 0.3 0.3

6.3 25.1 7.3 49.9 18.4 61.6 39.9

49.2 32.4 89.5 70.1 88.0 85.6 52.2

Region African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Paciﬁc Region Global

... Data not available or not applicable; AFR, African Region; AMR, Region of the Americas; SEAR, South-East Asia Region; EUR, European Region; EMR, Eastern Mediterranean Region; WPR, Western Paciﬁc Region. The global values for rates and ratios are weighted averages; for absolute numbers they are the sums of all WHO regions. Expenditure estimates from the following countries should be interpreted with caution since they are derived from limited sources (mostly macroeconomics data that are publicly accessible): Afghanistan, Angola, Comoros, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Iraq, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Mauritania, Sierra Leone, Turkmenistan. Expenditure estimates for countries that are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) are based on OECD health data updates 2006 [online source]. Paris, OECD Publishing, 2006 (also available at http://www.oecd.org/health/healthdata) and subsequent updates from national correspondents. New reports from national health accounts; surveys; updated national accounts series from sources such as the United Nations, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund or other organizations; and other information or consultations with countries provided new bases for health expenditure estimates for the following countries: Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Georgia, Ghana, India, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mongolia, Nepal, Niger, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Thailand, Tonga, United Republic of Tanzania, Viet Nam and Zambia. a National health accounts: country information. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007 (http://www.who.int/nha/country). b In some cases the sum of the ratios of general government expenditure and private expenditure on health may not add up to 100 because of rounding. c WHO mortality database: tables. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007 (http://who.int/healthinfo/morttables). d Sources: Health situation in the Americas: basic indicators 2006. Washington, DC, Pan American Health Organization, 2006 (http://www.paho.org/ english/dd/ais/BI-brochure-2006.pdf, accessed 1 March 2007); Demographic and health indicators for countries of the Eastern Mediterranean: 2006. Alexandria, World Health Organization Regional Ofﬁce for the Eastern Mediterranean, 2006; European health for all database (HFA-DB). Copenhagen, World Health Organization Regional Ofﬁce for Europe, 2007 (http://data.euro.who.int/hfadb, accessed 1 March 2007); Core indicators 2005. New Delhi, WHO, Regional Ofﬁce for South-East Asia, 2005 (http://www.searo.who.int/EN/Section1243/Section1382/Section1386_9855.htm, accessed 1 March 2007); Core indicators 2005. Manila, WHO, Regional Ofﬁce for the Western Paciﬁc, 2005 (http://www.wpro.who.int/information_sources/ databases/core_indicators, accessed 1 March 2007); additional data compiled by WHO, Regional Ofﬁce for Africa.

72

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

Health expenditure aggregates

e

f g

h i

j k l m n o

Coverage of vital registration of deathsc

Private prepaid plans as % of private expenditure on healtha

Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange ratea (US$)

Per capita total expenditure on health at international dollar ratea

Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange ratea (US$)

Per capita government expenditure on health at international dollar ratea

2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

(%)

1.2 18.4 8.2 4.8 66.4 68.9 0.0 ... 3.8 2.9 ... 0.6 27.8 11.8o

90 711 2 900 12 6 096 315 23 58 196 30 34 30 27 219o

427 503 2 560 29 6 096 784 160 123 285 184 82 63 139 436o

51 497 2 502 5 2 725 137 11 45 82 8 13 16 13 158o

242 352 2 209 12 2 725 341 75 95 120 50 31 34 64 315o

99 65 100 <25 100 100 80 12 97 <25 <25 17 36 90

40.6 59.4 2.5 22.4 7.8 6.1 39.7

48 2 336 31 1 537 91 332 645

108 2 720 99 1 564 224 480 777

22 1 084 8 1 162 50 233 382

47 1 291 27 1 161 110 273 434

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Year 2004 2000 2003 2002 2002 2000 2002 2000 2002 2002 2002 2000 2001 2002

Hospital bedsd

per 10 000 population

Year

87 22 39 ... 33 24 52 20 9 14 6 20 ... ...

2005 2002 2004 2003 2005 2005 2003 2003 2002 2005 2004

... 25 9 64 13 31 26

Gross domestic product (GDP) includes income from both licit and illicit (opium) sources. Previous releases of World health statistics reported only licit GDP. Estimates do not include expenditures for the Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions. Benchmark revision of the gross domestic product lowers relative health expenditure compared with previous releases of World health statistics. Estimates do not include expenditures incurred in northern Iraq. Public expenditure on health includes contributions made by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) to Palestinian refugees residing in Jordan. Changes in classiﬁcations linked to the health account systems led to changes as compared to previous releases. The market exchange rate was used this year instead of the ofﬁcial exchange rates, which were used in previous releases. The exchange rate used is the rate from the Central Bank of Syria for non-commercial transactions. Large amounts of funds from external sources, mainly for capital expenditures, resulted in high expenditures on health. See footnote o to the table on Health status: mortality. Estimates do not include expenditures incurred in the provinces of Kosovo and Metohia.

73

56835

83347-9473

Inequities in health

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Probability of dying aged < 5 years per 1 000 live birthsa (under-5 mortality rate)

Year

Highest

Ratio lowest– highest

Lowest

Highest

Ratio lowest– highest

Rural

Urban

Ratio rural–urban

Lowest

2000 2004 2001 2003 1988 1996 2003 1987 2000 2004 1994–1995 2004 2005 1996 1998–1999 2002 1987 2005 1985 2002 2005 2000 2003 1998–1999 2005 2000 1998–1999 2002–2003 2002 1999 2003 1997 1986 2003–2004 2004 2001 2000–2001 1987 2003–2004 2003 2000 2001 2001 1998 2003 1990–1991 1990 2000 2003 2005

Wealth quintile

Lowest

EUR SEAR AFR AMR AFR AMR AFR AFR WPR AFR AFR AFR AMR AFR AFR AMR AMR EMR AMR AFR AFR AFR AFR AMR AFR AMR SEAR SEAR EMR EUR AFR EUR AFR AFR AFR AFR AFR AMR EMR AFR AFR SEAR AMR AFR AFR EMR AMR AMR WPR AFR

Place of residence

Ratio rural–urban

Armeniac Bangladesh Benin Bolivia Botswana Brazil Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Central African Republicd Chad Colombiae Comorosd Côte d’Ivoire Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Ghana Guatemala Guinea Haiti Indiad Indonesia Jordan Kazakhstanf Kenya Kyrgyzstand,f Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mexico Morocco Mozambique Namibia Nepal Nicaragua Nigerd Nigeria Pakistan Paraguay Peru Philippines Rwanda

Educational level of motherb

Urban

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Wealth quintile

Rural

Place of residence

Children aged < 5 years stunted for agea (%)

59.2 97.7 175.5 113.4 55.2 79.4 201.5 184.2 126.0 168.8 178.4 208.0 33.0 122.6 196.8 46.9 112.2 56.1 103.8 117.1 135.0 99.9 118.3 68.5 204.0 149.4 111.4 64.7 36.4 73.2 116.9 82.2 239.7 120.0 164.0 253.2 96.2 104.2 69.4 192.0 66.1 111.9 55.3 327.4 242.7 131.9 48.1 85.3 52.2 192.0

37.3 92.2 133.6 76.8 55.3 49.1 136.4 163.7 92.6 119.3 128.6 179.0 23.0 80.7 125.2 41.1 65.0 39.1 68.6 86.1 98.0 88.4 92.7 57.8 133.0 111.7 65.4 42.3 27.2 50.1 93.5 58.2 217.8 73.3 116.0 184.6 110.7 49.7 38.1 143.2 49.5 65.9 33.9 178.1 152.9 93.6 44.8 39.0 30.4 122.0

1.6 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.0 1.6 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.1 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.4 1.4 0.9 2.1 1.8 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.1 2.2 1.7 1.6

60.9 121.0 198.2 105.0 ... 98.9 206.0 ... 154.8 189.0 192.9 176.0 39.0 128.9 ... ... ... 74.6 ... 100.0 130.0 93.1 128.0 77.6 217.0 163.9 141.3 77.0 ... 81.9 149.0 96.4 ... 141.8 183.0 247.8 98.1 ... 78.0 196.0 55.4 129.9 64.3 281.8 257.0 124.5 57.2 92.6 66.0 211.0

29.6 72.0 93.1 32.0 ... 33.3 144.0 ... 63.6 88.0 98.3 187.0 16.0 86.6 ... ... ... 25.1 ... 65.0 92.0 55.4 88.0 39.3 113.0 108.7 45.5 22.0 ... 44.8 91.0 49.3 ... 49.4 111.0 148.1 78.5 ... 26.0 108.0 31.4 67.7 19.2 183.7 79.0 73.8 20.1 17.6 21.0 122.0

2.1 1.7 2.1 3.3 ... 3.0 1.4 ... 2.4 2.1 2.0 0.9 2.4 1.5 ... ... ... 3.0 ... 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.5 2.0 1.9 1.5 3.1 3.5 ... 1.8 1.6 2.0 ... 2.9 1.6 1.7 1.2 ... 3.0 1.8 1.8 1.9 3.3 1.5 3.3 1.7 2.8 5.3 3.1 1.7

89.1 113.7 174.5 144.5 62.0 119.1 198.4 191.2 135.5 185.7 175.2 200.0 51.0 120.6 192.7 81.5 158.9 67.7 126.9 120.6 139.0 112.0 124.9 78.5 194.0 150.5 124.4 90.1 43.6 67.4 126.5 93.4 242.1 148.6 181.0 246.9 110.5 114.1 62.7 200.5 83.6 120.7 71.8 314.0 269.4 128.4 77.6 106.0 104.7 210.0

48.1 68.2 80.8 48.0 46.3 37.0 108.0 80.7 75.2 93.3 83.1 143.0 16.0 74.5 79.4 29.5 49.0 30.7 29.7 58.5 54.0 87.1 84.5 42.3 92.0 74.0 50.5 36.8 26.4 55.0 62.9 55.7 176.1 65.4 86.0 89.6 85.5 28.8 27.1 85.7 47.1 50.2 24.9 129.6 107.2 64.7 28.9 35.1 28.5 95.0

1.9 1.7 2.2 3.0 1.3 3.2 1.8 2.4 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.4 3.2 1.6 2.4 2.8 3.2 2.2 4.3 2.1 2.6 1.3 1.5 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.5 2.4 1.7 1.2 2.0 1.7 1.4 2.3 2.1 2.8 1.3 4.0 2.3 2.3 1.8 2.4 2.9 2.4 2.5 2.0 2.7 3.0 3.7 2.2

16.0 44.3 33.4 36.9 ... 19.0 41.4 48.6 45.4 38.2 37.2 43.0 17.1 35.0 28.6 11.0 ... 18.4 ... 42.6 47.9 29.0 34.0 54.4 38.4 26.5 48.5 ... 12.8 12.3 32.0 27.7 ... 48.9 49.2 42.1 37.9 ... 23.6 45.7 23.0 51.5 29.0 43.0 42.9 54.5 17.9 40.2 ... 47.3

10.1 37.7 24.2 18.6 ... 7.8 19.8 27.1 37.6 23.1 28.6 32.3 9.5 29.9 18.3 7.7 ... 16.2 ... 27.8 29.8 17.4 19.9 32.4 22.6 11.5 35.7 ... 7.0 5.8 23.8 14.8 ... 40.9 37.8 23.2 30.2 ... 13.0 28.5 21.7 36.3 11.4 31.2 28.9 40.4 8.9 13.4 ... 33.1

1.6 1.2 1.4 2.0 ... 2.4 2.1 1.8 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.2 1.6 1.4 ... 1.1 ... 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.3 1.4 ... 1.8 2.1 1.3 1.9 ... 1.2 1.3 1.8 1.3 ... 1.8 1.6 1.1 1.4 2.5 1.4 1.5 1.3 2.0 3.0 ... 1.4

19.0 54.4 35.4 41.8 ... 23.1 45.7 ... 52.6 40.9 42.3 50.7 19.8 44.8 ... ... ... 23.6 ... 44.8 47.9 32.8 41.8 65.3 41.3 30.8 58.1 ... ... 15.3 38.1 33.9 ... 50.5 53.9 44.8 38.7 ... 29.1 49.3 26.7 61.5 35.2 41.9 48.8 61.1 22.5 47.0 ... 55.1

74

Ratio lowest– highest

WHO region

Highest

Member State

9.3 2.0 25.0 2.2 18.2 1.9 5.4 7.7 ... ... 2.4 9.6 20.6 2.2 ... ... 27.5 1.9 12.3 3.3 25.0 1.7 31.7 1.6 3.3 6.0 23.3 1.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... 14.4 1.6 ... ... 17.6 2.5 34.9 1.4 11.5 2.9 13.2 3.2 7.5 8.7 21.8 1.9 7.4 4.2 26.7 2.2 ... ... ... ... 7.5 2.0 19.2 2.0 14.3 2.4 ... ... 38.2 1.3 32.0 1.7 19.7 2.3 23.4 1.7 ... ... 10.2 2.9 20.0 2.5 15.3 1.7 35.8 1.7 4.5 7.8 32.3 1.3 17.9 2.7 32.9 1.9 3.0 7.5 4.5 10.4 ... ... 29.7 1.9

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

Births attended by skilled health personnela (%)

96.8 28.0 98.6 90.0 96.6 94.5 94.7 75.7 65.8 91.7 84.8 66.7 100.0 82.9 83.6 99.4 88.2 89.1 99.0 87.9 57.7 92.9 67.9 84.8 84.1 62.0 74.0 85.6 98.7 98.3 72.0 99.0 86.6 80.5 83.4 90.8 91.6 95.4 94.4 94.8 89.1 45.9 97.8 68.5 75.0 62.3 93.5 84.5 71.8 72.9

75

Ratio highest– lowest

89.9 4.3 67.6 29.8 53.6 66.0 32.7 15.6 19.3 22.9 29.4 9.3 84.1 40.8 37.9 89.4 31.3 54.3 73.3 12.0 2.3 83.9 29.7 21.8 32.8 10.0 23.6 32.4 90.7 99.7 15.8 97.7 49.3 21.9 42.8 34.4 40.4 29.7 48.8 31.4 46.8 6.6 76.9 13.8 13.8 11.0 32.3 14.7 11.0 27.2

Highest

1.1 11.6 2.0 2.9 ... 1.4 2.3 ... 5.5 3.2 5.7 15.4 1.1 3.2 ... ... ... 1.9 ... 12.1 38.0 1.4 4.4 10.4 6.0 17.1 5.1 ... ... 1.0 4.4 1.0 ... 3.1 1.8 10.1 6.3 ... 3.2 3.6 1.8 12.5 1.3 15.0 6.5 12.0 2.4 6.7 3.7 2.4

Lowest

100.0 39.6 99.3 98.9 ... 98.6 90.8 ... 81.2 94.5 81.7 55.4 99.7 84.8 ... ... ... 95.7 ... 81.0 26.6 97.1 90.4 91.9 87.4 70.0 84.4 ... ... 98.5 75.4 100.0 ... 93.9 84.6 81.9 92.8 ... 95.4 88.6 97.1 45.1 99.3 62.8 84.5 55.2 98.1 87.5 92.4 66.4

Ratio highest– lowest

93.3 3.4 49.6 34.4 ... 71.6 38.8 ... 14.7 29.3 14.3 3.6 89.2 26.2 ... ... ... 50.5 ... 6.7 0.7 67.2 20.6 8.8 14.5 4.1 16.4 ... ... 99.2 17.0 96.0 ... 29.9 46.6 8.1 14.7 ... 29.5 24.8 55.4 3.6 77.5 4.2 13.0 4.6 41.2 13.0 25.1 27.2

Highest

Lowest

1.0 3.3 1.2 2.0 1.3 1.3 2.9 5.1 2.0 1.9 3.3 7.1 1.1 1.8 2.5 1.0 2.2 1.3 1.2 6.2 17.2 1.3 2.6 2.6 3.2 4.7 2.2 1.4 1.0 1.0 2.1 1.0 1.7 1.8 1.6 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.2 2.4 1.4 5.0 1.2 8.5 2.2 5.2 1.8 3.3 1.9 1.8

Lowest

Ratio highest– lowest

99.1 29.6 82.9 77.7 93.5 92.3 87.7 85.2 57.2 84.2 77.7 45.6 98.9 78.9 79.1 99.0 84.5 88.7 93.3 64.7 44.6 92.9 79.7 66.1 80.7 52.2 73.3 78.9 98.8 98.4 72.0 99.2 76.7 70.6 83.8 80.8 85.8 85.9 85.3 80.7 93.1 51.1 96.5 68.7 58.8 42.4 87.0 84.6 79.0 63.1

Ratio urban–rural

Highest

94.5 9.1 68.4 38.6 71.7 73.3 30.5 16.8 28.0 44.2 23.7 6.4 91.1 43.1 32.1 95.7 39.0 65.8 79.1 10.4 2.6 69.4 30.9 25.0 25.6 11.0 33.5 55.2 96.8 99.5 34.5 97.8 44.9 39.6 53.0 26.6 28.9 44.0 39.5 34.1 66.3 10.2 83.1 8.1 27.1 8.1 48.3 25.3 40.8 34.6

Educational level of motherb

Urban

Lowest

1.6 1.6 1.9 3.5 ... 3.6 3.3 2.0 1.5 1.9 1.5 2.0 7.8 1.5 2.0 2.3 ... 1.5 ... 2.8 2.0 1.4 1.6 5.1 1.9 2.9 1.8 ... 2.7 1.8 1.9 1.7 ... 1.3 1.6 2.9 1.7 ... 2.1 3.3 1.6 1.7 4.1 1.8 2.5 2.3 3.7 4.1 ... 1.2

Wealth quintile

Rural

Ratio urban–rural

13.0 31.6 17.1 12.7 ... 5.9 12.4 24.6 34.9 21.0 24.1 22.1 3.5 25.0 14.2 5.5 ... 14.8 ... 16.2 24.0 16.5 23.7 12.7 18.9 9.7 30.6 ... 7.5 6.8 19.0 18.6 ... 38.0 33.1 13.6 21.4 ... 10.4 14.5 17.9 32.8 8.7 23.6 20.0 23.8 5.8 12.6 ... 43.3

Place of residence

Ratio highest– lowest

Urban

21.0 50.4 33.0 44.4 ... 21.2 40.8 49.0 51.1 40.1 37.2 44.3 27.3 38.2 28.3 12.8 ... 21.5 ... 44.6 49.1 22.5 38.0 64.4 35.9 27.9 54.9 ... 20.4 12.3 36.4 32.4 ... 49.1 52.4 40.1 37.1 ... 21.8 47.7 28.5 54.9 35.7 42.3 50.5 55.0 21.5 51.6 ... 50.3

Highest

Rural

Educational level of motherb

Ratio lowest– highest

Wealth quintile

Highest

Place of residence

Lowest

Educational level of motherb

Measles immunization coverage among 1-year-oldsa (%)

1.1 6.5 1.5 3.0 1.8 1.4 2.9 4.9 3.4 4.0 2.9 7.2 1.2 2.0 2.2 1.1 2.8 1.6 1.4 7.3 25.1 1.1 2.3 3.9 2.6 6.2 3.1 2.6 1.1 1.0 4.6 1.0 1.8 3.7 1.9 2.6 2.3 3.2 1.9 3.0 1.9 7.0 1.3 5.0 5.4 5.7 2.9 5.7 6.5 2.7

72.1 73.9 64.1 60.2 69.9 76.5 53.3 47.8 54.6 58.3 40.5 19.2 75.8 63.5 58.8 86.0 ... 96.5 76.9 78.5 32.2 37.1 81.8 83.4 48.9 50.2 45.3 66.2 94.2 76.2 69.7 84.5 28.0 55.9 77.6 41.3 53.0 52.6 85.9 70.8 78.4 69.9 74.1 27.8 28.5 43.6 52.4 82.2 77.5 85.0

76.0 82.8 75.3 66.5 65.4 90.2 73.1 51.1 61.0 72.5 68.4 37.5 85.1 63.0 82.0 89.5 ... 96.8 85.2 93.8 65.4 61.1 85.8 86.0 54.8 60.9 69.2 77.6 95.4 81.4 85.9 83.7 30.2 73.9 86.8 70.8 74.3 62.3 94.2 90.8 84.3 80.6 77.1 67.1 52.1 64.6 65.0 86.1 81.8 89.6

1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.7 2.0 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.0 ... 1.0 1.1 1.2 2.0 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.0 2.4 1.8 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1

67.8 59.5 56.9 62.3 ... 77.9 48.3 ... 43.9 52.1 31.3 8.2 69.4 51.1 ... ... ... 95.1 ... 83.8 24.9 34.1 75.0 79.5 42.0 42.9 28.4 ... ... 73.8 54.8 81.9 ... 38.4 67.4 39.7 42.0 ... 83.1 60.8 76.2 61.1 76.2 23.0 15.9 27.9 48.0 80.8 69.7 84.9

74.1 90.5 83.1 73.7 ... 90.2 71.3 ... 81.8 83.2 79.8 38.1 90.0 86.0 ... ... ... 97.2 ... 96.4 52.5 71.3 88.8 91.1 57.2 63.3 81.2 ... ... 75.7 88.0 80.7 ... 84.0 88.3 76.5 86.2 ... 97.6 96.4 85.7 83.2 93.8 65.8 70.7 74.8 68.7 92.3 89.4 87.6

1.1 1.5 1.5 1.2 ... 1.2 1.5 ... 1.9 1.6 2.5 4.6 1.3 1.7 ... ... ... 1.0 ... 1.2 2.1 2.1 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.5 2.9 ... ... 1.0 1.6 1.0 ... 2.2 1.3 1.9 2.1 ... 1.2 1.6 1.1 1.4 1.2 2.9 4.4 2.7 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.0

90.8 62.3 63.4 60.6 67.8 67.4 54.3 45.2 45.6 46.1 38.6 18.2 70.0 58.7 57.8 70.1 ... 96.0 66.3 77.1 30.0 42.3 78.2 72.9 47.7 43.8 34.0 41.9 80.8 86.7 51.1 85.1 24.9 36.1 72.1 44.9 55.4 45.7 87.6 65.6 69.5 63.2 69.4 31.8 15.6 43.6 31.8 75.8 45.6 82.6

74.3 87.7 88.6 74.0 63.0 90.6 80.4 56.3 71.1 79.3 79.2 53.7 92.6 75.5 94.6 93.0 ... 97.6 88.0 95.6 63.4 63.9 89.3 95.4 67.6 69.9 75.8 83.2 95.9 89.4 84.9 77.5 42.7 85.2 93.9 78.7 79.8 64.1 96.3 99.1 83.3 92.9 72.8 73.9 66.5 76.5 71.1 88.4 83.3 92.0

0.8 1.4 1.4 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.7 2.1 3.0 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.3 ... 1.0 1.3 1.2 2.1 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.6 2.2 2.0 1.2 1.0 1.7 0.9 1.7 2.4 1.3 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.0 2.3 4.3 1.8 2.2 1.2 1.8 1.1

56835

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Inequities in health

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Probability of dying aged < 5 years per 1 000 live birthsa (under-5 mortality rate)

Highest

Ratio lowest– highest

Highest

159.9 80.1 83.8 45.6 71.7 36.2 151.9 84.3 75.9 20.6 159.1 82.5 69.0 40.1 84.1 38.9 84.0 31.7 133.3 88.3 186.9 93.0 160.0 76.0 102.2 35.5 66.2 28.6 126.1 70.6 197.8 121.1 118.8 78.7

Lowest

... 4.0 ... ... ... 1.7 ... ... 2.6 1.5 1.8 1.5 ... ... 2.2 2.1 1.6

Wealth quintile

Ratio rural–urban

... ... 87.4 21.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... 167.7 97.0 ... ... ... ... 85.0 32.6 105.5 69.8 191.8 106.4 137.0 93.0 ... ... ... ... 163.1 73.0 191.7 92.4 99.5 62.2

Lowest

Ratio rural–urban 1.9 1.6 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.6 0.8 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.6 2.2 1.3 1.3 1.4

Place of residence

Urban

AFR 1999 171.2 92.1 AFR 1998 71.2 43.2 SEAR 1987 42.8 39.9 EMR 1990 144.0 117.0 SEAR 1987 51.7 34.3 AFR 1998 157.4 101.3 AMR 1987 30.4 38.7 EMR 1988 85.3 62.1 EUR 1998 73.5 51.3 EUR 2000 99.8 72.7 AFR 2000–2001 163.8 100.5 AFR 2004–2005 138.0 108.0 EUR 2002 87.5 53.4 WPR 2002 35.6 16.2 EMR 1997 128.2 95.8 AFR 2001–2002 182.3 140.0 AFR 1999 99.7 69.0

Educational level of motherb

Rural

Senegal South Africa Sri Lanka Sudan Thailand Togod Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Uzbekistang Viet Namd Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Wealth quintile

Children aged < 5 years stunted for agea (%)

Ratio lowest– highest

51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67

Urban

Rural

Place of residence

Ratio lowest– highest

Year

Highest

WHO region

Lowest

Member State

2.0 1.8 2.0 1.8 3.7 1.9 1.7 2.2 2.6 1.5 2.0 2.1 2.9 2.3 1.8 1.6 1.5

... ... 28.6 ... 24.2 23.9 4.6 24.5 22.0 24.1 39.9 40.5 23.8 ... 55.7 51.1 29.2

... ... 19.3 ... 11.2 14.8 5.0 11.8 12.6 19.5 26.5 25.8 16.3 ... 40.3 37.1 20.6

... ... 1.5 ... 2.2 1.6 0.9 2.1 1.7 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.5 ... 1.4 1.4 1.4

... ... ... ... ... 29.0 ... ... 28.5 25.1 43.3 44.9 ... ... 57.7 54.1 32.7

... ... ... ... ... 11.0 ... ... 3.7 17.1 25.1 15.7 ... ... 34.9 31.6 18.6

... ... ... ... ... 2.6 ... ... 7.7 1.5 1.7 2.9 ... ... 1.7 1.7 1.8

...Data not available or not applicable; AFR, African Region; AMR, Region of the Americas; SEAR, South-East Asia Region; EUR, European Region; EMR, Eastern Mediterranean Region; WPR, Western Paciﬁc Region. a Sources: Figures stratiﬁed by “place of residence” and “educational level of mother” were extracted from Demographic and Health Survey data using STATcompiler software (http://www.measuredhs.com/). For surveys conducted in 2001 or earlier, ﬁgures stratiﬁed by “wealth quintile” were extracted from Gwatkin et al. Initial country-level differences about socio-economic differences in health, nutrition and population. 2nd ed. Washington, DC, World Bank, 2003; for surveys conducted after 2001, the ﬁgures were extracted from Demographic and Health Survey reports. b Lowest educational level achieved by mother is “no education”; highest level is “secondary or higher”. c Lowest educational level achieved by mother is “primary”.

76

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

Births attended by skilled health personnela (%)

Ratio highest– lowest

Lowest

Highest

Ratio highest– lowest

... 1.4 ... ... ... 3.6 ... ... 1.8 1.0 3.9 2.3 ... 1.7 7.3 4.6 1.6

Highest

... 98.1 ... ... ... 91.2 ... ... 98.2 98.3 77.3 89.5 ... 99.7 49.7 91.1 93.5

Lowest

... 67.8 ... ... ... 25.1 ... ... 53.4 96.8 19.7 38.6 ... 58.1 6.8 19.7 56.7

Ratio urban–rural

1.3 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.6 2.2 1.0 1.7 1.3 1.0 2.4 1.8 ... 1.2 3.3 2.9 1.4

Urban

Highest

95.6 93.4 94.8 85.9 95.6 86.4 98.3 87.4 87.7 98.2 80.4 83.3 ... 99.0 46.9 79.0 89.4

Rural

Lowest

75.7 75.5 86.0 59.3 59.9 39.8 97.2 50.2 68.7 96.6 33.1 47.4 ... 82.2 14.3 27.6 64.2

Educational level of motherb

Ratio highest– lowest

Ratio urban–rural

... ... 2.4 ... 3.2 2.1 4.2 4.6 6.2 1.2 1.6 2.2 1.0 ... 1.9 1.5 1.6

Wealth quintile

Highest

Urban

... ... 21.0 ... 9.4 12.0 4.0 4.9 5.4 22.3 28.9 19.1 19.2 ... 29.4 36.1 22.5

Place of residence

Lowest

Rural

... ... 50.0 ... 30.5 25.5 16.7 22.4 33.4 25.7 45.5 41.2 19.5 ... 54.4 53.8 35.3

Educational level of motherb

Ratio highest– lowest

Ratio lowest– highest

Wealth quintile

Highest

Place of residence

Lowest

Educational level of motherb

Measles immunization coverage among 1-year-oldsa (%)

78.5 59.7 67.7 52.6 43.7 36.7 91.7 54.2 51.1 92.7 21.5 39.9 ... 41.6 16.4 17.3 42.8

97.1 91.4 92.2 95.5 95.9 86.8 98.1 97.1 97.6 97.3 75.8 88.6 ... 93.7 62.5 77.8 85.6

1.2 1.5 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.4 1.1 1.8 1.9 1.0 3.5 2.2 ... 2.3 3.8 4.5 2.0

58.1 79.3 67.1 56.3 15.7 38.2 30.5 77.1 72.7 92.0 55.3 77.7 ... 80.7 33.8 83.9 75.7

78.7 85.1 62.8 69.9 35.2 58.0 35.9 91.0 82.2 81.8 68.4 89.7 ... 94.3 71.9 85.5 86.2

1.4 1.1 0.9 1.2 2.2 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.2 ... 1.2 2.1 1.0 1.1

... 73.5 ... ... ... 34.5 ... ... 63.9 92.1 49.1 65.2 ... 64.4 15.7 81.2 80.2

... 84.5 ... ... ... 63.2 ... ... 88.9 91.8 64.5 90.9 ... 97.8 72.9 88.4 85.8

... 1.1 ... ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.4 ... 1.5 4.6 1.1 1.1

54.0 64.0 47.0 50.3 11.2 36.5 60.0 77.0 57.0 74.1 54.1 64.6 ... 49.2 37.2 79.8 69.4

90.9 85.6 73.5 84.8 37.5 63.7 37.2 93.9 89.7 87.6 69.4 89.8 ... 93.1 74.2 87.2 85.2

1.7 1.3 1.6 1.7 3.3 1.7 0.6 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.4 ... 1.9 2.0 1.1 1.2

d

Data for “Children aged < 5 years stunted for age” and “Births attended by skilled health personnel” correspond to births occurring in the 3 years preceding the survey not 5 years. e Highest educational level achieved by mother is “higher than secondary”. f Lowest educational level achieved by mother is “primary or secondary”; highest level is “higher than secondary-special”. g Lowest educational level achieved by mother is “primary or middle school”; highest level is “higher than secondary-special”.

77

56835

83347-9473

Demographic and socioeconomic statistics

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Member State

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d’Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador

WHO region

EMR EUR AFR EUR AFR AMR AMR EUR WPR EUR EUR AMR EMR SEAR AMR EUR EUR AMR AFR SEAR AMR EUR AFR AMR WPR EUR AFR AFR WPR AFR AMR AFR AFR AFR AMR WPR AMR AFR AFR WPR AMR AFR EUR AMR EUR EUR SEAR AFR EUR EMR AMR AMR AMR EMR AMR

Population a

Total fertility ratea

Adolescent fertility ratec

No.

Annual growth ratea

In urban areasb

(‘000s) 2005

(%) 1995–2005

(%) 2005

(per woman) 2005

(%)

Year

23 45 63 91 53 39 90 64 88 66 52 90 97 25 53 72 97 48 40 11 64 46 57 84 74 70 18 10 20 55 80 57 38 25 88 40 73 37 60 70 62 45 56 76 69 74 62 32 86 86 73 67 63 43 60

7.3 2.2 2.4 1.2 6.6 2.2 2.3 1.3 1.7 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.4 3.1 1.5 1.2 1.7 3.0 5.6 4.1 3.7 1.3 3.0 2.3 2.4 1.2 6.5 6.8 3.9 4.4 1.5 3.6 4.8 6.7 2.0 1.7 2.5 4.6 6.3 2.6 2.2 4.8 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.2 2.0 6.7 1.8 4.8 1.9 2.6 2.7 3.1 2.8

9.3 1.5 2.7 0.6 ... ... 6.2 3.0 1.6 1.4 3.1 5.0 1.4 13.5 ... 2.2 1.0 8.0 13.3 8.2 ... 3.9 6.8 6.2 3.1 4.0 13.1 6.2 2.2 14.1 1.4 10.1 14.9 19.3 4.9 0.3 9.2 7.0 11.0 5.0 7.7 ... 1.4 4.9 0.6 1.1 ... 11.9 0.6 19.0 ... 11.8 5.6 4.8 7.5

1999 2004 1999 2004

29 863 3 130 32 854 67 15 941 81 38 747 3 016 20 155 8 189 8 411 323 727 141 822 270 9 755 10 419 270 8 439 2 163 9 182 3 907 1 765 186 405 374 7 726 13 228 7 548 14 071 16 322 32 268 507 4 038 9 749 16 295 1 323 345 45 600 798 3 999 18 4 327 18 154 4 551 11 269 835 10 220 22 488 57 549 5 431 793 79 8 895 13 228 74 033 6 881

3.7 0.0 1.5 0.4 2.6 1.6 1.1 –0.7 1.2 0.2 0.8 1.5 2.2 2.0 0.3 –0.5 0.3 2.3 3.1 2.2 2.1 1.3 0.9 1.5 2.4 –0.7 3.0 2.1 2.2 2.1 1.0 2.4 1.7 3.3 1.2 0.8 1.7 2.8 3.2 –1.1 2.2 2.1 –0.3 0.4 1.3 –0.1 0.7 2.5 0.4 2.7 0.5 1.5 1.5 1.9 2.0

78

2001 2004 2003 2004 2004 2000 2000 2003 2004 1999 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1998 2000 2002 2001 1999 1999 2002 2003 1999 1999 2002 2003 2002 2003 1999 1999 2000 2003 2004 2003 2004 2004

2004 1999 2001 1998 2003 2003

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

Adult literacy rated

(%) 2000–2004

Net primary school enrolment ratiod

Males (%)

Females (%)

Gross national income per capitae (PPP int.$) 2005

Population living below the poverty linef

% living on
Year

1999–2005 28.1 98.7 69.9 ... 67.4 ... 97.2 99.4 ... ... 98.8 ... 86.5 42.6 ... 99.6 ... ... 34.7 ... 86.7 96.7 81.2 88.6 92.7 98.2 21.8 59.3 73.6 67.9 ... 78.0 48.6 25.7 95.7 90.9 92.8 ... ... ... 94.9 48.7 98.1 99.8 96.8 ... ... 67.2 ... ... ... 87.0 91.0 71.4 81.1

... 94 98 90 ... ... 99 92 96 ... 85 88 96 92 98 91 99 95 93 ... 95 ... 81 ... ... 96 46 60 100 ... 99 92 ... 68 ... ... 83 60 ... 78 ... 62 88 97 96 ... ... ... 97 36 87 85 97 97 92

... 94 95 87 ... ... 98 95 96 ... 83 90 97 95 97 88 99 96 72 ... 96 ... 83 ... ... 95 35 54 96 ... 100 91 ... 46 ... ... 84 50 ... 77 ... 50 87 95 96 ... ... ... 99 28 88 87 98 94 92

... 5 420 6 770 ... 2 210 11 700 13 920 5 060 30 610 33 140 4 890 ... 21 290 2 090 ... 7 890 32 640 6 740 1 110 ... 2 740 7 790 10 250 8 230 ... 8 630 1 220 640 2 490 2 150 32 220 6 000 1 140 1 470 11 470 6 600 7 420 2 000 810 ... 9 680 1 490 12 750 ... 22 230 20 140 ... 720 33 570 2 240 5 560 7 150 4 070 4 440 5 120

... <2.0 ... ... ... ... 7.0 <2.0 ... ... <2.0 ... ... 36.0 ... <2.0 ... ... 30.9 ... 23.2 ... ... 7.5 ... <2.0 27.2 54.6 ... 17.1 ... ... ... ... <2.0 16.6 7.0 ... ... ... 2.2 14.8 <2.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2.5 15.8 3.1 19.0

79

2002

2003 2003

2002

2000 2002

2003 2002

2003 2003 2003 1998 2001

2000 2001 2003

2001 2002 2001

2003 1998 1999–2000 2002

56835

83347-9473

Demographic and socioeconomic statistics

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Member State

56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110

Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People’s Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico

WHO region

AFR AFR EUR AFR WPR EUR EUR AFR AFR EUR EUR AFR EUR AMR AMR AFR AFR AMR AMR AMR EUR EUR SEAR SEAR EMR EMR EUR EUR EUR AMR WPR EMR EUR AFR WPR EMR EUR WPR EUR EMR AFR AFR EMR EUR EUR AFR AFR WPR SEAR AFR EUR WPR AFR AFR AMR

Population a

Total fertility ratea

Adolescent fertility ratec

No.

Annual growth ratea

In urban areasb

(‘000s) 2005

(%) 1995–2005

(%) 2005

(per woman) 2005

(%)

Year

39 19 69 16 51 61 77 84 54 52 75 48 59 31 47 33 30 28 39 46 66 93 29 48 67 67 60 92 68 53 66 82 57 21 47 98 36 21 68 87 19 58 85 67 83 27 17 67 30 30 95 67 40 42 76

5.9 5.3 1.4 5.7 2.8 1.7 1.9 3.8 4.5 1.4 1.3 4.1 1.2 2.3 4.4 5.7 7.1 2.2 3.8 3.5 1.3 1.9 2.9 2.3 2.1 4.5 2.0 2.8 1.3 2.4 1.3 3.3 1.9 5.0 4.0 2.3 2.6 4.6 1.3 2.2 3.4 6.8 2.9 1.3 1.7 5.1 5.9 2.8 4.0 6.8 1.5 4.3 5.6 2.0 2.3

15.2 8.5 2.1 11.7 3.5 1.1 0.8 14.6 17.6 4.7 1.1 7.4 1.1 5.3 12.0 15.3 9.1 ... 8.0 13.7 2.1 1.6 5.1 5.4 3.5 1.7 1.9 1.5 0.7 6.3 0.6 3.0 2.6 11.6 ... 1.5 2.7 ... 1.6 1.6 9.8 18.0 1.4 1.9 1.1 15.4 16.0 1.2 3.1 19.2 1.7 ... 8.8 3.7 9.4

1999 2000 2003 1999 2002 2004 2003 1999 1999 2004 2004 2001 2003 2000 2000 2003 1999

504 4 401 1 330 77 431 848 5 249 60 496 1 384 1 517 4 474 82 689 22 113 11 120 103 12 599 9 402 1 586 751 8 528 7 205 10 098 295 1 103 371 222 781 69 515 28 807 4 148 6 725 58 093 2 651 128 085 5 703 14 825 34 256 99 2 687 5 264 5 924 2 307 3 577 1 795 3 283 5 853 3 431 465 18 606 12 884 25 347 329 13 518 402 62 3 069 1 245 107 029

2.4 3.6 –0.8 2.6 1.0 0.3 0.4 2.1 3.1 –1.2 0.1 2.2 0.4 0.3 2.4 2.3 2.9 0.3 1.4 2.5 –0.2 1.0 1.7 1.3 1.1 2.9 1.4 2.3 0.1 0.7 0.2 2.9 –0.7 2.3 2.1 4.7 1.4 2.4 –0.8 1.2 0.6 4.4 2.0 –0.6 1.4 2.9 2.5 2.2 2.7 2.9 0.6 2.0 2.9 1.0 1.5

80

1998 1999 2004 2003 2000 2001 2000 2000 2003 2004 2003 2004 2004 2000 2003 2001 2004 2004 2004 1999 2003 1999 2000 2004 2004 2001 2003 2000 2000 1999 2002 2001 2002 2000

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

Adult literacy rated

(%) 2000–2004

Net primary school enrolment ratiod

Males (%)

Females (%)

Gross national income per capitae (PPP int.$) 2005

Population living below the poverty linef

% living on
Year

1999–2005 87.0 ... 99.8 45.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 57.9 96.0 ... 69.1 29.5 ... ... ... 80.0 ... ... 61.0 90.4 77.0 74.1 ... 97.1 98.4 79.9 ... 89.9 99.5 73.6 ... 93.3 98.7 68.7 99.7 ... 82.2 ... ... 99.6 ... 70.7 64.1 88.7 96.3 19.0 87.9 ... 51.2 84.4 91.0

92 50 94 58 97 99 99 77 73 93 ... 65 100 84 95 69 53 94 ... 90 90 100 92 95 89 94 96 97 99 90 100 90 93 76 96 85 90 87 ... 94 83 74 ... 90 91 89 93 93 89 50 94 90 75 94 98

78 42 94 55 96 99 99 77 77 92 ... 65 99 84 91 58 37 92 ... 92 88 97 87 93 88 81 96 98 99 91 100 92 92 77 98 87 90 82 ... 93 88 58 ... 89 91 89 98 93 90 43 94 89 74 95 98

7 580 1 010 15 420 1 000 5 960 31 170 30 540 5 890 1 920 3 270 29 210 2 370 23 620 7 260 4 410 2 240 700 4 230 1 840 2 900 16 940 34 760 3 460 3 720 8 050 ... 34 720 25 280 28 840 4 110 31 410 5 280 7 730 1 170 ... 24 010 1 870 2 020 13 480 5 740 3 410 ... ... 14 220 65 340 880 650 10 320 ... 1 000 18 960 ... 2 150 12 450 10 030

... ... <2.0 23.0 ... ... ... ... 59.3 6.5 ... 44.8 ... ... 13.5 ... ... ... 53.9 20.7 <2.0 ... 34.7 7.5 <2.0 ... ... ... ... <2.0 ... <2.0 <2.0 ... ... ... <2.0 27.0 <2.0 ... ... ... ... <2.0 ... 61.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... 25.9 ... 4.5

81

2003 1999–2000

1998 2003 1998–1999

2002

2001 1999 2002 1999–2000 2002 1998

2000 2002–2003 2003

2003 2002 2003

2003 2001

2000 2002

56835

83347-9473

Demographic and socioeconomic statistics

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Member State

111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165

Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland

WHO region

WPR EUR WPR EUR EMR AFR SEAR AFR WPR SEAR EUR WPR AMR AFR AFR WPR EUR EMR EMR WPR AMR WPR AMR AMR WPR EUR EUR EMR WPR EUR EUR EUR AFR AMR AMR AMR WPR EUR AFR EMR AFR EUR AFR AFR WPR EUR EUR WPR EMR AFR EUR SEAR EMR AMR AFR

Population a

Total fertility ratea

Adolescent fertility ratec

No.

Annual growth ratea

In urban areasb

(‘000s) 2005

(%) 1995–2005

(%) 2005

(per woman) 2005

(%)

22 100 57 ... 59 35 31 35 100 16 80 86 59 17 48 37 77 71 35 70 71 13 58 73 63 62 58 95 81 47 54 73 19 32 28 46 22 97 58 81 42 ... 53 41 100 56 51 17 35 59 77 15 41 74 24

4.3 1.8 2.3 1.8 2.7 5.3 2.2 3.7 3.8 3.5 1.7 2.0 3.1 7.7 5.6 2.8 1.8 3.4 4.0 1.8 2.6 3.8 3.7 2.7 3.0 1.2 1.5 2.9 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 5.5 2.3 2.2 2.2 4.2 1.3 3.8 3.8 4.8 1.8 2.1 6.5 1.3 1.2 1.2 4.1 6.2 2.7 1.3 1.9 4.2 2.5 3.7

... ... 2.8 ... 3.5 18.5 2.9 9.8 6.2 11.6 0.7 2.7 9.8 20.7 12.6 ... 0.8 3.6 5.4 ... 8.4 6.7 6.5 5.9 5.5 1.4 1.9 1.9 0.2 2.9 3.3 2.8 3.6 6.4 6.6 7.1 2.5 0.6 ... 1.5 10.3 ... 1.7 16.2 0.7 2.1 0.6 7.5 5.5 6.5 1.0 1.5 9.2 6.2 6.3

110 35 2 646 608 31 478 19 792 50 519 2 031 14 27 133 16 299 4 028 5 487 13 957 131 530 1 4 620 2 567 157 935 20 3 232 5 887 6 158 27 968 83 054 38 530 10 495 813 47 817 4 206 21 711 143 202 9 038 43 161 119 185 28 157 24 573 11 658 9 863 81 5 525 4 326 5 401 1 967 478 8 228 47 432 43 064 20 743 36 233 449 1 032

0.3 1.1 1.0 –0.2 1.5 2.2 1.3 2.1 2.4 2.3 0.5 1.0 2.1 3.5 2.4 –2.1 0.6 1.7 2.3 1.4 1.9 2.3 2.5 1.6 2.0 0.0 0.5 4.5 0.6 –0.3 –0.4 –0.3 5.2 0.6 0.8 0.5 1.0 0.9 2.1 2.8 2.5 –0.3 0.7 2.9 2.2 0.1 0.0 2.8 2.7 1.2 0.8 0.9 2.1 0.8 0.8

82

Year

2000 2002 2001 1999 1999 2000 2000 2003 2004 2000 1999 2002 2004 1999 1999 2002 2000 2003 2002 2001 2004 2004 2004 2004 2003 2003 2004 1999 2000 2001 2000 2000 2003 2004 2002 1999 1999 2004 2002 2003 2000 1999 2001 2002 1999 1999 2003 1999

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

Adult literacy rated

(%) 2000–2004

Net primary school enrolment ratiod

Males (%)

Females (%)

Gross national income per capitae (PPP int.$) 2005

Population living below the poverty linef

% living on
Year

1999–2005 ... ... 97.8 ... 52.3 ... 89.9 85.0 ... 48.6 ... ... 76.7 28.7 ... ... ... 81.4 49.9 ... 91.9 57.3 ... 87.7 92.6 ... ... 89.0 ... 98.4 97.3 99.4 64.9 ... ... ... 98.8 ... ... 79.4 39.3 ... 91.8 35.1 92.5 ... 99.7 ... ... 82.4 ... 90.7 60.9 89.6 79.6

... ... 84 ... 89 75 89 71 ... 83 99 99 89 46 64 99 99 77 76 98 98 ... ... 97 93 97 99 95 100 86 92 91 72 91 99 95 90 ... 98 62 68 ... 96 ... ... ... 98 65 ... 88 100 99 47 90 76

... ... 84 ... 83 67 91 76 ... 73 98 99 87 32 57 98 99 79 56 94 98 ... ... 97 95 98 98 94 99 86 92 92 75 98 96 92 91 ... 98 56 64 ... 97 ... ... ... 98 62 ... 89 99 98 39 96 77

... ... 2 190 ... 4 360 1 270 ... 7 910 ... 1 530 32 480 23 030 3 650 800 1 040 ... 40 420 14 680 2 350 ... 7 310 2 370 4 970 5 830 5 300 13 490 19 730 ... 21 850 2 150 8 940 10 640 1 320 12 500 5 980 6 460 6 480 ... ... 14 740 1 770 ... 15 940 780 29 780 15 760 22 160 1 880 ... 12 120 25 820 4 520 2 000 ... 5 190

... ... 27.0 ... <2.0 ... ... ... ... 24.1 ... ... 45.1 ... 70.8 ... ... ... 17.0 ... 6.5 ... 16.4 12.5 15.5 <2.0 ... ... <2.0 22.0 <2.0 <2.0 51.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... <2.0 ... ... 10.7 ... 5.6 ... ... ...

83

1998 1999

2003–2004

2001 2003

2002 2002 2002 2002 2000 2002

1998 2001 2003 2002 1999–2000

1998

2000 2002

56835

83347-9473

Demographic and socioeconomic statistics

Figures have been computed by WHO to ensure comparability; thus they are not necessarily the ofﬁcial statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Member State

166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194

Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe The former state union of Serbia and Montenegrog

WHO region

Population a

Total fertility ratea

Adolescent fertility ratec

No.

Annual growth ratea

In urban areasb

(‘000s) 2005

(%) 1995–2005

(%) 2005

(per woman) 2005

(%)

Year

2002 2002 1999 1999 2000 2004

EUR EUR EMR EUR SEAR EUR SEAR AFR WPR AMR EMR EUR EUR WPR AFR EUR EMR EUR AFR AMR AMR EUR WPR AMR WPR EMR AFR AFR EUR

9 041 7 252 19 043 6 507 64 233 2 034 947 6 145 102 1 305 10 102 73 193 4 833 10 28 816 46 481 4 496 59 668 38 329 298 213 3 463 26 593 211 26 749 84 238 20 975 11 668 13 010 ...

0.2 0.4 2.6 1.2 1.0 0.4 1.1 3.1 0.5 0.4 1.2 1.6 1.4 0.6 3.3 –1.0 6.3 0.3 2.2 1.0 0.7 1.5 2.1 1.9 1.4 3.3 2.0 1.0 ...

84 75 51 25 32 69 26 40 24 12 65 67 46 48 13 68 77 90 24 81 92 37 23 93 26 27 35 36 52

1.7 1.4 3.3 3.6 1.9 1.5 7.8 5.1 3.3 1.6 1.9 2.4 2.6 3.6 7.1 1.1 2.4 1.7 4.8 2.0 2.3 2.6 3.9 2.6 2.2 5.9 5.4 3.4 ...

0.7 0.5 6.0 5.6 3.5 2.3 ... 9.1 ... ... 1.3 5.6 2.3 ... 20.7 2.9 4.4 2.7 13.9 4.3 6.4 4.0 4.2 8.1 2.5 7.7 16.1 1.1 2.4

AFR AMR SEAR EUR EMR WPR

738 083 886 334 1 656 529 893 200 538 001 1 751 457 6 463 605

2.4 1.3 1.6 0.2 2.2 0.9 1.3

36 79 31 69 48 45 49

5.2 2.3 2.8 1.6 3.7 1.8 2.6

11.9 6.5 5.9 2.5 4.9 0.8 5.0

1999

1999 2000 1999 1999 2003 1999 2002 2003 2002 2002 2001 2000 2002 2000 1999 2000 1999 2003

Region African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Paciﬁc Region Global

... Data not available or not applicable; AFR, African Region; AMR, Region of the Americas; SEAR, South-East Asia Region; EUR, European Region; EMR, Eastern Mediterranean Region; WPR, Western Paciﬁc Region. The global values for rates and ratios are weighted averages; for absolute numbers they are the sums of all WHO regions. a World population prospects: the 2004 revision [CD-ROM extended data set]. New York, Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Secretariat, 2005 (No. E.05.XIII.12). b World urbanization prospects: the 2005 revision [CD-ROM edition] New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2006 (POP/DB/WUP/Rev.2005). c World fertility data 2006 [wall chart], New York, Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Secretariat, 2006 (POP/DB/Fert/Rev.2006).

84

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2007

Adult literacy rated

(%) 2000–2004

Net primary school enrolment ratiod

Males (%)

Females (%)

Gross national income per capitae (PPP int.$) 2005

Population living below the poverty linef

% living on
Year

1999–2005 ... ... 79.6 99.5 92.6 96.1 ... 53.2 98.9 98.8 74.3 87.4 98.8 ... 66.8 99.4 ... ... 69.4 ... 98.0 ... 74.0 93.0 90.3 53.0 68.0 ... 96.4

99 94 97 99 ... 92 ... 85 92 92 97 92 ... ... ... 82 72 99 92 94 ... ... 95 92 97 87 80 81 96

98 94 92 94 ... 92 ... 72 89 92 98 87 ... ... ... 82 70 99 91 90 ... ... 93 92 91 63 80 82 96

31 420 37 080 3 740 1 260 8 440 7 080 ... 1 550 8 040 13 170 7 900 8 420 ... ... 1 500 6 720 24 090 32 690 730 41 950 9 810 2 020 3 170 6 440 3 010 920 950 1 940 ...

... ... ... 7.4 <2.0 <2.0 ... ... ... ... <2.0 3.4 ... ... ... <2.0 ... ... 57.8 ... <2.0 ... ... 8.3 ... 15.7 75.8 ... ...

... ... ... ... ... ... 82.2

75 ... 93 95 84 ... ...

72 ... 89 94 75 ... ...

2 231 20 611 3 557 18 887 4 956 8 951 9 420

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

d

2003 2002 2003

2000 2003

2003

2000–2001 2003

2000 1998 2002–2003

UNESCO Institute for Statistics Database. Database access [online database]. Montreal, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2007 (http://stats.uis.unesco. org, accessed 1 March 2007). e PPP int.$, purchasing power parity at international dollar rate. Source: GNI per capita 2005, atlas method and PPP. Quick reference tables. Washington, DC, World Bank, 2006 (http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/GNIPC.pdf, accessed 1 March 2007). f World development indicators 2006. Washington, DC, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, World Bank, 2006 (http://devdata. worldbank.org/wdi2006). g See footnote o to the table on Health status: mortality.

85

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