THE NEW TESTAMEN T
CHRISTOLOC I CA L HYM NS T H EIR HISTORI CA L RE LI G I OUS BACK G ROUND
JAC K T . SAl'iDERS
...-
A'_:"::t=:;,~
AT TH E UN IVERSITY PRESS '97'
.
PubI ;.t..dIrr \ """",nIDaof","c..",~lJo~_tyl"rno
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TO MY MOTHER
AND I N M£MORY O F MY FATU [ R
' '''' lJn;.-;,., I'r ;" ' "''~,Catnbtid&t
(Drool< C<mt....,., l 'niHrD' Y I'riI\,,,)
C O NTE NTS P"j«,
T he ProIogucofj ohn
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3
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6 Tl",QddOfS<>loI1H'"
:g:~;=~=,iau;'j
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H """''"'''t;o,,", 'h<- O
7 The Coptic gnosti' liltra\u,.., from Nag H.mm. di 'ThoGoJ,·poooCM_
8 ThtTI\:lnhg;-ing.ofth" Wisc.I"m School 9 1'10< :'<ew T<;>tamrnt Chri.t"Los",.1 hym ..... bngu~ge
'1"
Th<prublernof ll,coriginofCnoo,ici,mi,. knonYOllc. Th< Hiotory of Rdig;"", School, ind"dil1g the New T pupil., ,..",. C ...,.t;a,rn .... ",Iis,"u, """,·.,me" ' coming jn to~n d influencing Chr;"iatli,y O1he... point ",,' 'h~t . uch a , upf'O$ition .. huilt r,.,." '""IS ...·hkh~,.., no e~ di er than the sec<:>nd <entury A.D. The Hi>Itlry of Religjono School uplj", that , ·i<>l· .... ply that thet.>.p.-....dbcreallho
Icxt,
°r~~~'n~:\t~:;:~~ ,~:!~·~~;r~I~~"'=;:.,::;:~~i~():I~"'~t: ", .... by u..:Ch,ioliancommuni ' Y. Hcinrich Scblicr " ,adc lhis poiu' m,,", " ,,;cinctly iu ' 9JO regardingti>e t.,Oll '" ..... man' iu Eph.ii. '5' "fh.racttha tt ""autho'~mpJ..,).. ,hio term",i'J.ou' aoy explanation TOOodCTO i \impl\>b~b l . th a'i\· ' l""ngr,.,." toio r:ln""Y ·' Nor can the tf;rm be. xpla i ""d ~.;on In\<:,p,,,lat;.,,,..,f I'aulincstatcmcntl lik~ tI",""ln Rom. v... If. alOd I Coo-. ,,-v, ';nee it would still h ~,.., '0 be expla inw how tI,e Pa uli,,~ ocrond m~n' could bocomc the 'new man " of Epl>. ii. ' 5, ~ ' e""whicl, ."("n. toin,,,h·e""he'~diffc=tICtOrroDCCptl
n.cpoinl io thal tI,;>, ..nd tloe othc, mythical roocq>" tha t will """".m u. h.",i n . lI prob>bilityh. d their origi n in p"". IJbt;'liOJ, rt!igiouociccl tl. Toddinc,hcoecirdtluacruto'cly "poooibleiJ,hepurpooeoftJ.io work. I wiJhtoet" ,ProI"....". j a m .. M.Robinoon,whoprovidcd in · valt,.bl.ad,·iceaudcnt; " ,bm"';"" as ~ Ph,D. di...".,.riOIl at CiartmOnt;n ")63, and who abo ..ad and comm.n t«l upon the
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"~ .... io<_'TheoIoo!",6){T~bi""'930)·P·'7·
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Ernest C. ColI,·dl and Eric L. T itus, who 0100 ;uI,.io<-d me duringth< SyndlClof
ARR REV I ATIO NS
~:t;:;~i,U~~::it:'~llfor..."7'~~tb~;~~ ;;:,~:.b~ Or
R. McL, Wil"",
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tdi\(lriaJ bo>.rtI of scri ... called to my ."om;on ....'
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~?£~t:~±::~;:~crO;~i~~~~J~d~~~;~il~I,'::~ writing oft"~ disoertatioJ, wa, mad e p<mib ~cby a National Drlc"", [ducaUoll Ac' Fdlow.lllp. arui titc
o~inal
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fotS<",h"ngen .~,. Rdigion u nd Litera'ur d es A I,,,,,
HN1 ICC JAC JB!. JBR
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""d Ncncn T "".monu lI anrllJ\,ch zum Neuen T ..... m
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Vigili",CI",·t/i••• , Z'~5"''';j1jil' ~i< N'.'<SI.""~Il.i<" JJ'mnud'4' Z",,"''';fiftr fit"";:,, """ KmllL
EDIT OR I AL NO T E
HYMNS I N T HE NEW TESTAMENT
TTTT', ~E\V TES TX\If.K T CHRIS'l'O l. OGICAT. lIY/l'l KS
.O~I"'L
ANAL Yl10 OP T,n. II v"" ,
T"~ ,,~w T " ""A"~"T
rcaderto _ atl<.a .. ingcne .. lwha. l.ha.otn..ctu.., ...... Wh. n oll<.hcnnotes ·-in addi,ion.o,h.loyn",;" ... pct:uinlho in.ro i. IQng •incor«<>gni.ed and genc.-ally accel"ed' ,1 EPHUJAN , ii. Lforjl>< ;'oucp
1 ~- 16
IVhnh ... m:ule bo.hone And ha. bro\ccn do"' n thediyidi ng w.. lI of'he fellc< [the enmi.y), In or
Whowa, manif"",edi" ,h< JlesI., W",·j,,.jica.
GonfriedScluller.N,~edt h e h )'mniccharac.erof'he
p.oos.W ,' b,,'hewi,h«i to inclnde in 'he hymn.he 'luo ••• ion of h a .lvii. '9'n o, ' 7- h"'m,uolildy,ho,"cvCl'"Iu,anything 16hclo.",.. " • •h<'1U01ed ltymn;~ndlru:meronc""tQ ' .hee.unity"( ... 14 a,>d J6)a", oo cJow:ly,elatcdto. h<,h<m" of .hi • •ec'1on ofEph... an. tha. i'...."". probabl<.ha'.lt
byScb ;lI ~ andplaccd inparall cll""'; ·ion lo 'wh,-,l ""madehoth onoa "'lh ""bTok
.he diflieulty that 'he la.terclaU5<"'nu r:t..he< ln be w.~ li r.co whic.h ,h",... lv.. o:xhihi'p",all,l"""" """,b""""',a, ind ica,ed
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: =;,..,!." ... ~.v.;,,""'""""P"~'~"'''''''"..,tinh''~'
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oI.cvr ('9'>5I.p. • • l
·Oot'fri
' 96·}).pp.I,f,
"''''''lTOLOCICAL HVII".
in .hc amongcmcntgi\'CnalooOlC;.hu. ,., '~QmayaIaoDO ' bo: a pan of.he original. Tht m.ntionofll", """' .. probably. as in Plul.ii,8 aodCol. i.ro,''Pau lini.m';.ndthc:T«: cloody wi.], the ,dcrr'Cdica'iono, Jtar.Il'li,,,!-,,-,,,,,,,,bfOl'l' .. ,andlheopcn i ng~i(T'f' LV (cfCol.i ' 7 f .)pom .ta, h
Wa']>(Qclaimedamongtlte na'ions,
lI'as oclic>.:d un in 'he world, W as.~l;~ " up ;"taglory. The fOrm,l"ructureoJlhi'pM'l>gc p""""tanQ Probl<m,and .heonegi"enabo\·ci.g"".r;'llyagrero ul"'n (.he.'e,..., ;..... prin.cd inC
.•66,...;t.:totb<_thotf'f'h.;;_, ,_,6 iuqUOUl;""
o(.a.~l b,-.nn,.,..u..ru,."""",~,..,..oo"""hc · """'· . nd' ll-"
.wo'..--._m",b""'''''''''' ,,,.,,,,,.lIuttb<,,,,,,,,,,,,-,,. . ,,,,,,,oJJ
on.;.. ny_'by"'""l
<."".n .. tbqo ...nd ' ct· ........,
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FriOOndi(Srutlpo1,
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.......;.dnAl.... undN
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rHF. C URRENT STATU S OF TH E I NVESTIGATiON
T H E I'RO LO ClIE OF J O H N
myl~, hul a ", ,)", p roduc"of.imila, background:., of a common rtli~o1L< ' '''''mum '""t. Thus it would not be ~ quci-..t.hec.1 .",tk nthcrc...-ould,tillqui« probably ha.,'e bte" mutual illflll.. ncoaruongthcm;hu tt!illi" a different maller .ltogot.hrr from .aying that thcC<JIlCCplof onc redeemer Am" in/illoncffl the o:m ccpt.1 ofothor d ivi,,"
of a,iugle
beings..
TUZ
CU~R~~T
' TAT'"
O. T.U 'NV . . T10AT10N
Tlnr>
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di,ine Word that >CI. in
~m!:.?..:~~~~:.,(~~cn~ C~~; 1~7v:.cr: ~ . ~C.i;~~
lawful Wo..d'.' T bcrt io Jacking;IlBabylonaod Auyria,ho,." ~"nyiu t),.oeo",ofthene,u;'m by.hediv;n. Wo..d' ;·but tlt= ;'p'....,,,t inA .. yria,a.lbcitonlylnA .. yria, docooncep"hatGod'. Won!i"the""ahC"d,I""'·crful[Won! I ... dlu. aoo.njdllwlMbl.t"nd ;"''''''P',J,nuih/"d",'''"p,",y,''''''''' '.' In Egypt, onc findo " 'ha' 0'''' o\ight ~lre;ody ha,.. ""f>"C'ro from Bultmann', earlicr " 'od:,' tbe Wor<.l ;' a""";"tt
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. . . 000~b.My""O!"kiothGl1liwll iopom]yn.mro. TI,<><past.agcs.wlth
~f~~;!E~~~~g~~?~~:jir~~~~~:4~§ i" .Jtwi,h praye ... and hymns beginning " 'itlt
1'~ : ~
l" jI .
~:l~:~~~!~ ='~i;!~m~~i~ :":,,,~;.~a!~~ .o ]·al"'\ine audSy'ja,· ltymrutotl .... Won!of.hcGo
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~i~Yfi~~~W~~~ ii~tt~~:rianand Iktbyloni"" ~. ~'.';~:;; '~o:tn~lma~':'~~~'t~: :~~~~:: mund
fJIU" OT "#Ipih" of the [cuneiform ] texts, i.e. ' (.ornu;OO"..DWW_.',..u ...... W..", ..
th
Ai""T,_ ......
d.tli/,..,Or_(M;,IIt.
Ioca,,,,,,
~ '"". &00, ,. Hd"'1 (Ldpoig. 1938) . T b< of~m. _... k appo'=~ . .."..;". ' .... Io<:kola" ...u.., ilb.. «
: ~~ ::!bui"'oI'boOdoolSoloc>ouI"OIlf!".,.''',,,~_;,''''.oI
W .""' IIoOCT(oo.J.O;''"'"'''~( Kkin
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pa.u<:I tnrou~h
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,..<>rId'.'On"~an .bus.I"'''kOC·"'''''"lhlt'l·ui. ','Lordofthc
,Ita,
n"" = ..
In . pitt OCoome , in,i!:lT;t,,,, to the Egyptian situation, the hy p"nati.a'ionofthe W""liol ....ddohm.... primarily.""tcrn inJIucncc. 11,e """,copt c>rre-J by tbe Acc:odi.n #1 pIl. ( _ 'the goiog foethfiurn hi. [tJ",] tnou,b [oflboogodhead]'or ',hc breatnofthe [divinel olOU, h'juaL.., to bcfound;" 'he OldTC!tamen" .. ;'"",nby'hep;traUdi""ofSpirit, H' •• ')~ wit!"heWord(' n ) i"r..xxxw.6iCXlvii., S;and Dcut.viii s .'·l1lt proctsO.,f ,bo h)"p""tati=tiollofthe Word in 'he Old '])(o,..p.';' • 11~.p.a ' 1/;0.1'. 3' 'IOW. pp . .,., r. ' n..,Bul<mann""",-.d
Johoru,i, .. I.'!«.r"""
Al<><.>od,i'IO· ' ·~""'J""""t i"~~
hoh ... IOI_ -.I ~ " .......,Io.T.. "" .... Z"lIi.IIOo<WI S" ...w'>;"go'j.P·ll."'·hQ ..w'I><""'!y ~,.,.,oI Tboo~ .. ' ... ~" l .•. ~ord"' R< ... "';"CI 'he..;p. .I 'heh»-' .... ,;.,.,oIilitWonl 'O'_,Edi"n ] oIIg,Zcl' .... I"t<>I<ml ... ]V,O' _ ... ,6. q""''''iftDiln. ".iIII
I\,.'....
.
F,_
rw. p." . I'. ~Zio:ncr.1Y.<~ihpiI,."...
.. _
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If...,.;'18oru-.e'iI,W. · .. r.. Ih.'tl>e _ _ oISOp;mtio .... ukcooquaJitito .......... kI ...... ' ''''''' .l1,; .... «d ...... "'$opru • . n ... ...;Ih SOp. ;. ;."......, tb.oopiri, ..... ,,~~""' ... ~~::"!:.:""'"x-Tg.m...~.,"" <_.roru;.', _
......
Wj;Jo"''' tltc'' f'''t h crhYf''."( a';zro",It~,,. inSir.= i\·.sh.'; .
,aid I.... W~;,\,;~b xv. ,. an illlcTt">ting (hing oocun "'i!lt regard 10
l~... c
come furd, froll) the ,,, .... utlt ufCod
an~
is tI,,,"
T"r, ~U" Jl UT' T"T" ' OF TI UlJ'VUTlG"T l 0N
T"~
Sh.l;Mh"'I'I."",Memr.. " hu,o!>ocuringtheaoooci.,;on w ;th .h. LogooofJ ohni, bu. 'w. have a dirtt. tquiva!.n' to Mtmra ;n
-":7
(or
K'"ll""1)'.nu.,too,appcan~cifiod .
HuJLiri",r. ' ,',0: Th<Word.me~ rromth
He, ~n,J""n' '0 ,h. ngh ' <>l hti>d; . 1.. "".... 'u,ning;' owroundcd ,I .. <>.mrot .......I. . . 11>«I«""umlng ;, ......., frorn ' h< righ'ot •ln cl totbe r ~h'ot(Cod! , . n
TI,e diM';,;" al>o hYf>OS' a.iw:l in ,h. T ahrmd, wltore i, ;" .aid,
"1;a"Jj,ogl'$. lCIxiii.6 : 'From.""h ",un!
.1 ~\1p r""et:d
from
\he mou' hof,he Ho/)"One,bJc...,d l>< Ile, .here wall cn:a lod an a"ll.l,fori.;, ... id:«lly'hcword of .h.LordwOr<:lh. H.a'..... m.d.;andall ,heirhootby.hebn:athofhd mou th." ·' I n """.,••p«: .... the solution given by Diirr a",] Ringg",n '" 'h e problem of.h. ru.,orR·.1 rdigious Lac1S"ound of lhe p«>iogueofjohnis mon:",tisf.ctory . balt.balof Ruitmann He", onc doQ no' ha,', ' 0 .uppo;c a higldy dcvdt>Jl<"'1m)·,h w .. ' ..rou~·, :md 10 'huw durly . ha. 'he p~io;eh)"po!.ati,"".iooof.h.Wordin J ud ,"; "",,,,,,, .. ~nti y " nder in 8u~nce from f""';go u~giot ,., COM .. clooe CJ>O\lgh to wh,a, i, zaid of 'he Logooin ,h. l'",lug"" 01 J ohn 'ha' 'he proJogue mayl>tage in,hi.p,,:,",,,,... Onc might ohjc<:t tha. Bullmann', cotlj«lu<eola p,.."O"·".,,,n
, W;!h "'"
g"""tic,..Jccmerm)"lhgj""a , ,,,,,,,zatid'~c'ory<xpL,n a tio n .o
the dual;"'K: d .me"U in thc prologue ofjohn; bU' O<1e woulcl have to KO II tha' Iranian d u~ li"" had made an impact on al le .., onc ot her group within Judai.m around the btginni ng of .ho Cltr i<\;an cra," P"""'lS
• n..""" ......... .....m._~ol<""""
, QS;;i , ;,. . Cf.,.~.th.
~~~~~d~:::~:.:~=:{t;;:.;
r,,_. ru. Krio""s.e.odabI
(I"o.... y otk. '9S7),PP· ' 1'f,
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o ¥ JOH N
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H,b. ;. 3. t""""tLor--;I.
"""'I~'"
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POOLOGU ~
theu./,·ation ""ent;n Ch<;". But thcn th""'wouid have IK<:n a pre,Christi .• n gn<Mic ,..,.-t""rner m)~I!l Or did Ct,,,,,,;,,,,;,y pJ"O\;debo.h.)u-. duaiiom and the iDcarn.o tion? l"'I'ill:olth. fact that .h<-. Fourth Go.pcJ alto emplo)~ th;. dua./iml, ,h. occmingq lK1'cd char.tCtcrof .. I....t "". ' - 5 and 9- " ",,,,,Id t.nd togiv<:,.,."ight to the ..... 'mption.ha' Chtis.iani,y, or at lea" the au,bor or .he ~'o"rth Gospel, p"widcd oDly .he con, «ptofinrarn.alioD . I f only d", prologue of J ohn we", involved, on. would perlt.>'l" be conte1lt to let .hc matter n""h..-e; b,,, thrrc;, the pl"Obk'ntltuthcothe,KcwT""tam,.nI Christological hym"", wh.icl,d"""t "'""t;u"tI>e Logoo.' a",,,,, cJo."y rdateJ ' o tlte p"'.t..>g u. ofjo"," TI\;, 1\OJIlexindofunificd .. ~I ~. nat,o" "rd ,. ""toric~1 ,dijJ:;"'" badgroundofaJJ th. bymn. togc1hcr,llOt ofanyoncin;oolation.
Sh;r
~ ;,h ;,. """,;"., d tl", rAJ"".
bet....""nth.J.W'i.h Son ol"'.n doctrillO and thcJohanninc Logoo'J>"Colation"
of!i:':C;':'~'":.~l(:;.j;ni::,,~~ !':":!:~::d ~:'!!':'r:
PHTLII'PIANSii.t>-1L TII~
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U,,"
~:~~~:n~:=~ig:i~:"S~,~'r!t~;;;;/:~ :~:~k:"I~~~
lEo.V""T
Lohmeycr', in'eres' in ,hi. hymn wao l'rim",'ly wi,h i" ' ... Ii_ gimu"",.ning', bulin ntdtr '0 anal)"Ze 11", I" ....gc(rom 'hat painl ohi<w I>c found i, n=ary ",di",.,.. to IOme a'cn' Ihe ,..ligiouo parallel .. Th .. eparallcl
Tb< "P"<"typticSoo o[mall, however. W",""cn '0 "and ..'en morel'mn,i".n,ly in 'h e background. o.nd Loh"'''Y"ci,..:I as chiefeyi,l enceofthi.,hrosce<,rnples can I>t ci,w10< ,,'cha ,r.rula,ion,'Lohmcytr al",,,,wotl,er COllCCPU from Holk.ulticJudaiun, I"rtOcu)",ly Lo:>goo a"d F;yrioo, '" ...."ing \:M:<:n iDcorpora'od into the hy",n by iu .,,,loor, and he ron<;l"dwtha,',heconc
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'~, 1'''''''J-s, '''''13,:J6.Af.i,IY'''''''''';''~''''Yoftht of PbiL. ;i, 6-" ~ 1Jiv.n by K. P. U",tin, an..;
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• [do....,. ... ci«d ><.cv_;' "ozod xi•.
I.; 00'
b< GHx~ ,,""'~'""'"
~~(.,....l>IS5readI'!QJ.llothol>o,,,.epn,,,.d~,anrl
600m",vto.~""~ouIdb<'"""",·t",,,,,,;,...,,,oI»t · ~~, ,
• ..tbotha~
;;;~;~';!'·~~i~7~1h<.:~" ;;~....!:i':!',= ~:':'t't':. =~~~ili:;''';:;;:':':~~~'=::'':;tr;:= ·"",· .. tht~T.......... t.W.probobly _"."",,'Iy,_ u.'r. . ~ "u..inllucn<.dS<mi'ioc""""' ....... G.«~,·."""""
.......... ""'s.:.,oftt:Wld.[ _ _ """"".H
""'h.f'S"..,i"_~Iypo< J oo ,.; ""'"
""'_f;l_:sonn."P=in.~"'T~!I}t, .. (~,\''''>."d £v"""""'!PI).p!>-''4..". a, f ..."""G=Vcr"""·n., U.. d",' :,' ocr.,,;., J...-ir.b"...... i<·.A._A~ .. ""c..,& ... A<... by
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~~"':/'~:::':(~'i(;~: ~;~/'~~.;~: .;'E~;: ;;,~e.:::n:
~~~~~'E:~~::t~~~':~~~;~~:\~~ his_,problem ,ha,.he Sen-an' of God;, UlIlally ,\oJignatw "aism Greek, ... h.,o., Phil. ii. ] cmploysthe word 5oilMs. b~t
r;:~fa,:, ~:~i~~'i~~~~[2~~~":~ol~:: ::::;
(I;i. Il )· ,H is.,.,pian>tionli>rthcu,"ofoow,"Iln:steadof ",*
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..
I!Ql'koV!itvt5w""T>\v!<:r.(w~;and',hcClSCnll~ I W()rd,
~t(;;:Vo;~~v ;;!f='=:,~d";:~' 8::i~~) ~~ .!&"! MoVdTt_hW;I""v=p
"~ny~';'v;andllixl>'60:..a-.O<J
'an"",,.. in thcScmllll ",ng [to]
~~~~ ::'=.J~'; 8) and ".~6(1~ ,t~ 00:..rr0v (Il;;, ,.) ','
::"OC:u~ha~"~:o:~:=t;,":::: ~:::;c"~or~~:. r""'ishcdl!t".bc.tt< . ...b.,Ch .... n...I.kcn'bcroJedtheScrvont,he , iA>llrl><>w,l';o;..}<1>u.p· n , I""""
en .......
'I •..,..,."" au Chrio<-&ml<", "" Di ... (PW_, ...
~:~~ ~;~:::'I.'!'I~~'-_
'_.Po"!/.
'1>;4.1'1""'(
. . -.,. ".....
h . M.... ,
' /iW.pp," ' (
The """""PlO of th~ earthly and tb. hea" cnly man, thonwhiohw • ...,al "':tdyhcginning . obltoftheheavcnlyAdam ofGen. i,woowa.inth •. fortnofGodandwa ....om. \<>gcthe • . "'Ao6p<.>,."I and K"","I; hcrc lhen.",thc '..-o kociof thtCl"ioto!ogicalellipse. T h.p"" C~;"CDce aDd the in~arna'ion of , he Sa'-;(>T .", ""p ..... n("'1 ",.hi" the framework of Arlamic opecul~tion, "IUle the not"'n ofKyrioo P<'1miu taking aa:oon, olthecmincnt pooitionol C/Irist it> t1 te~ul , '" wdl as hil.womic ",le," Thi,inrcrprcration,that .., 6--8rtf~r,otl>c .woAdams, .he h ea'·"tIY3ndthc conhly,.lIowod IIering ,orntcrprct'.1aJ1 .p<~king IIill of the I""'...,."t~nt onc, yot ",r.,.,ing ' 0 I, i, (ca nhly) . ubmi .. ;';",· It is pr.Ion in his p",."';'ter>e'eby, .. le>.",.or .""w hum>ni'y , . ,[n ' pi 'e Kcoooiu nc,",,",;'1 c\<:''''''" of h;, ",""""",uLoists, hiscl\.,,,,,,,t.,•• hIbt"/'O•. "110< forrno.iooor .h"',-"nlymanin"" . n ..... hlyn .. n,·
.,.. ..,.", """ rrw..~~,&Ov.-'O'!;IT'I"""' ''~ 4IJ..'''' .-....u"'l("!_;""'.
)'fwo; ....
_~o..aI .w""'.* ,"'""'~ ,......,..,."'''''''''I'''''·6
I<_"" ...
.... y
&om.-~_~oMt.; ... f,Il " ~ ... ...,.;, ...... 'l'JX1\<~ ""'IP~l"""I...,.... ·6N _,".,'.-_ , ~~p..,. ~G ~
..........
-,W<.~
'H6i'Olo '. "" · I~.""",.
__
4ppow"""" "-'"'.~""'"
'/lI/. ."._r. ' lliJ, ,,,,,,~
~
'·Hr,
CU.~E)
nA TU . 0'
TI1~
'XV UT WATION
JI<'Ting"IO!u!.ioD!oaoin i.. favorlhefa<,tha, i. oui•• • l>c ' !ropllicarrans·"",otlattr propotcdby./.",mi... 1tai>oal1ow, a .mooth .","";,ion 'obe.~adc be.w"" n . tan.a. onc~oo 'wo. Such. oolotioo allo ha. it. pmblenu. hOlo·",·« . ,;nec ti,e p",..""..oflv6l.r",Ir=d:v&p<:m"",ynoO;>o""l'ioo.?(,be beg inningof J ."'mi ..· ..""oo .. anza) would """m to ind;"a' c ,I"" .hit WOllld have ID be .he fo" a ppear.me<: of Adam/ An.hropoo in.ru,hyrnnjoc,inothc."...rn.. .ha •• hc rc< hy~n, Iou. only felt la be there.' H<'ring'o ""pian a'ion has pom.odDut,bown<"" cxplaincd.ha.tI« h,-",-'nly AnlhropoobcL>;;osur lire Sophia. TlII< nNO. . rc . ~"n"~R:
... NOT
~ii.n"A""
O"c ,,( lhc ruoo,thoroughroc.n.ltudo.:. <>fl'hil.H, 6--. , •• ,h., of EmnlUo<m.on.' lnlWlcngllry<:UaY. K.\'lCmannn<>I()JIly g i,'ooacompJeoc "."vicwofmodtrn G ermanorOOl ....hipciealing
with ' hi. hymo, bu.di:,c...... thtinttrpretati<>nor.ach""'.wll, including commcnU d ca~ng wi th 11" rcligiou, rnili<-u from whichtlu,idcol iothchyrnncam •. 1t ;'<>nlyhit ,md
' Htri", • ..,,,.,,,,,,,. ,... m.o.-.. ""y"""',..,I,.,' .... cK.&,m,. F_ '"~.. ~ _ .. L...< •• sw";,, P,,",iM 1looIoD (Ne- y ...... l!fool. !'f'_,6,. tig. ) ••• ...1Va.;." f'. . ""'_Jo.IAoo.W. , [(d, ..... thc 0II0rt • • ,""",<). Tho ....,nuour .. ","'L>a,;a· pv.pil>. I>ow.
o.rIi""Nrw1'<.-....''''"''-·''''''UoI.i. I~-OO: ""'1 ii , ~ "J .... Mark;. ~" """kI". _"" ..... Momk .. boc~. _od ..,. ...... t'-.", «,.....~' (Scr_ .... ,,~ ... "d. f• • ,....~I'P-~r. . ""I·
• K ........ ~n.· " ri""b
~II·.
~~~:t·~~~~::c~ .::~~tb~~~~wi:oll~~l: ~"'~:
Tlti. munt tha •• ltere wa, 00,,01.0. wa~ with the 1""" .... and ' .trec.rth Lw,,"j IlOlonW"" ,Ite object which [w...j bound".] and IOrrnod.by th"logoo· .'hw" "'thil.it"ali<>ntha'lltem)~I<:ric>
.poke. ' l'he ..m ldnnkml!"'r [heldjiu",lvari""ini" ownlr.ond. It [.twd j undtt~nal1kc,andonlyhcwho[brooSl>tlitrcl<""
~~~~~~¥tf;?l~~~~~~~~~1:l ~7.~::::~,~ "nod;::'?:, ~7,';'ro:,c,:.:!;':~h::::
;~::~~~~~~,~::'~.7n~~~i!i~,~:~":r fnha.' ~c~:;::; Soc~
acoD«l't. e_xprcoocd aoo by the ph", .. Iaoo by
:~;:."e.o:!: j!:,::~~ ~~;~f~:a~::[!::::l.I~,~,::,: 'lI-H"""&.I f. , lliJ.J,.66.J"".",,,,, Rehm,;nhio ... ;.,Io',,,,,,,Io
;::-,,::;'~~:~~;~:"';:;~;;'~= :.-::"~ !~7.,~r:.:~ ~:'f~~'7:':="~"'~i: !t":'~:;;~di~= ~:r.,=·::~'.:~;;"""~~~=:'~;;:;d~":':-~>;
TOr ....... tmn ""PfIl &"':''''''';n Pbil. U. 1 ~...", to i,>lka", ·.n .ct oj <""''P~ry ' ''''""'''''' ,,,. 1"" or UlN< •. , .• <mx~_,.do"""" "'"t"" of
:i::''''':':~::::':;=; :'·I~·!;'~'':·~''':";:.:''''''~~~::
§{~~if~:~~~$E '",,,,,,,,,,,,,·K.-;,,,,, ... ho>aIyte"""Phil·',5"II· , P·&I
"
COLOSS I ANS i . 15-20 A CO "" n ().NC ~ O."O·". " " A R T' ND1 U L! U'
WlK:n Onc nex' ",c," toth. li'e,..turerdat«i 'o'h< hymn of Col. i. ' 5-<10,Ol\.~ '"1o"""""lf ",,c.againa .... yfrom'hcreaJm of alh... ion" othoDeUl<."ro- l ~j.'nicScr\"anl th"t ""pe<:"Tiarly char"' t.... ' ''' the hymn of PhiL ji. &-IJ and dearly in tilt pr<1CllOr of lerrninology dealing "'i,)o cosmic cr •• ,ion a"d r«icmp,inn.Ytttl""wQ h ym",hav.rnuch ino.>
,othec",."t ,lwt ,hi,hymn ""hihiuconapu , imil ... to ,hoot il\Phil.ii.tJ..., r, ;t;'i",lf , uPI""" 1ha'lhcChri"ologyof Phil.ii.S- r'callnotb< ~xpl ai"«i mC"'ly frum 'be O ld Tes'ament. I "h;.t:J.cu .......".i'lctl' T h.I'TacD'a'ionofChru, u Worid Sonla"d World en,.lor',MarliD DibeJiu>'oI,••,.,,«I ,I..."bi>
I1
::'~':'~~~I.:;i':. .;~:O'r";": :r.'::~~~u~~:~r::t~:~.~
i
tionofal"' ralld withSwicism ;'DQl. CUrrKicDt, ho,".v~, ror
1,1"
~::~~~E(1~~~;~~~~~.~~~~~~
""pl,;,,;n!!" ,I>c [><"<:>Onc...,{ these el.m."u in ,h. hymn; for Dil>eliu. ""t«i that "tl,e .,..;hato]og;coJ rd",io~,;p come. cloxr.Th"n 'h... noc,,· ...... ld ha,,"Wbe!P"..ped .. mth.g"'at
~:; ;~~~, ~':..:.~~~.~ Lx crto
yltp
~ laYl
""I
d~
' Dio.,u, •• .... N j[~. ~.f14<_."~ (H""!". <» (Tubi"_,
'"".,-.".~~,-"~ ,,~,, ·n..,J·.uJ ..""·"('~Jo~''''''q,,.....,....,by Di I..H .... , 11... »1', ,~_J~, Noroo-n, w ' ..,,1.• 3.1 I" bad filstuillcd at"".""" 'Q ..... T'''._,,'
w_ . . "'.
tbc .. "pr.o;,.,lr.tiou,G,.s.,...";,oI....... •.,;,,u,_e!lJ'.-oJSbou'. "Th ... 'God ;,da«;""" .. ~""_""'"""=a.z;.,,..,.p .• ~ 'Dibtk...,A.u ...•...... "pp."r.ct .bo Ro/:M __ •• ... V... 'uoJAuoty.n. " ·t.oobo"b<~""-"" .. . AII->thlhi,'b ptUl••oplu<>t .nd CNUt~h>.""';,
;ns.p....
"'"<
I
:,
'I ,' I.
T"~
n'Illlu,T .TATU. O ¥
TH ~
,:
COLO",'''N''''5-20
Dibdiu. f'lIlh«poi",cdtotbepl;w:<JilbcpIan;n 'hought, o....,..,ing that '''ith PI,ilo . . . the eo,,,,oIojrical .!'t"ulat;oni.liokcd toa rtHgioll5'..... ,ccpl·,,' Herc, the old idea d"" ,I,e "'O'Id;,, the..,... of God h", hoc" d",;'kd,'" Iha' ,hfn, I~ rilo'.
.re .• theoidcrlOll itcanb<: ...id , hal'!tc ;"
,.o..".".h.cooXr_ool)"l'6l'""dthc.~ol"e'lTOl·Of
thc "'1l""ofGod·,w"..1.: llh'.h"",i6),,,,cdiat,.,.,andrc\·eal""of God (Dn<Si...... '38),and ... ""'yap&pX~""'600~eooV"",1
ofereat;'In(".],f'~'.Ii4 ...
6"","'d1<6><:t~0\""166pOho,·loP<"'l~."~op
(",C''!f.l~·'46).'·
TIle pmblem orthc immrdiate hi>'orieal religious back g...... ondofC:.>l.i.,5- 00i.'tillj>rdingtoi.,o,"rero,,6k"thel\I!'.· lt io 'hisparadOJlical,itualion,ha,firu<.llypoill"'oGnOlti<j.m, si"""inG oootici.", Ihc cone'ptofthc All as 'a g;a n, human being";' combined "i,1t tlia., ofa """nie red""", .... 'Thus """"~<>,~',Dibd;"'furt"""-......., ... ' .. "'i\or ... """"".
.""", ..."AlI"","'I><_""'b<pan 'lodano(n 'm,,ti
c.q.,I_ •. ".... _t.lt.~.,;.w/rn"<mb.",.;.
'I>M.,.,)
·Qoot"-~';'3,.a.f"'thc''''0J>i'<"'""1f.,,,t....'''';kI
d ...... oho"'"!IP""X....... ""'~boboaniRb~'t"'lI:~'hc_o(.he -rriI wO> ... - . " oW ~ '" ,I/> <\>x""".-i,l ..poIl""""",,,,--~ XOop<w_..:..,l ~• .w..·""'~,~'t<>V"""""""'''''''ij.~(O(nO'
...
=:=!~,.:: ~,~~:.':"';..o:;~o:t~;:::~~ _
...
_ih-.,....,'h.«"fOw,.".....'OO_,"""~fIo>U~Oy"""'"
'""',..~·~yc,.~..","'""""""h."...,'''"''~~,,,:,x,_''''''' 'oY "I'II"f)&,,"" m\,\,."'I I'l"~""""""''''''' ... dt.l,.,.Ip«_rl_
..
\SI"""~'1""',o~d&>o . ",""" _6"1~*o&o"""., ,,,,_,",,, ~.".b-rly.~".""IIo"",~~,\",",I~~<>w>y" . '" ........ """''''''''''' , ..x"...._&><'i~lw .. ~IY .... ''f»:I,..."..,,_n:..
""""] ot••.:n6,..,.. TbtM,...iolh
"'('....r..
...
Man,ho'th~fi,,'hom<>f~lCd~;'the"redeem""red=": It "'.... th,,,,iOt, in T .~nian religion ,hat Dibdio. fuuntJ tl><
neaT .. ' pa,""II~[ ,,,('..,1. i. ':;-<10. In the M~"dac"" lit",""ron:, ,hed},·ine._ng.. J.f.""aJlloijno.,jus, .. lhe •..d"'''l1eT l''''''i''CoI . i. 'S~o; and In the Mandaean [,tCTa,u,"" 'wha, i, to be redeem"" appca,:" "" the image oft).., redeem"" . Thu. ,h.' M..,, ' "'yo 10 III 461, ~,r., 'y"" aTe my image, [ wiol, to ",,~I, yo u "nd prtS<1"V< you in my raim.n,'. I'sen thi. pa,aUc1, l>owc"ct, i. no,,,,kcn tobctlle ... lemili.ufromwhichCo1.i 15-"oio IOLculld.""<.><>d;r,,,hcr, Dit>eliu<argu..d,'Pa" I II''''O hi, Ch.;'t i~ thc pJace of the .
M"."
C,.,.
Quite in. keeping, 'ww, with what h", alreatl)· bttn !Jttn to be th.cc":,,,wJI!'r<:g:"t<.lto,hcproJogue ofJ ohnandPhil . ii.6_,., Dil>- ""andtheotberconctptob.had oho.."toberda,cd'.pct"hapolcMby,heigof lh. "~ ,",, " w,lh tlte Maualt, but ""h« "itlt "WiocofWi>dorn.Prnv.,iii 'Dil>d; ... " .... C_.p.,6.'!1.;OOhlt.,.,.Opioriooo( .l.I.noo>,p.,!16. ,t.., the ...;;...,.,.,"' .... _i"Cd.i.,'."~"'''."yinll''m''''r-n b·.nlanmyth.o!oo;"""'h,...,.,.I Al....,., g;'...... '3_'7),r.'k.oI""" ....
""""t<.lWtiomth.o, ... , ~."'by • .,.[I.o... .
~""'. 'i.o<> ,l"spi"'o(hio .,.......,!><,.. _,,""", ~::~":~=;~~:.."'.:~~~::~~~~~";=~ ~7:;:;
''''lI.';« .... l ......... M• ...", gh.... rull o,ndr.!tI •
byJ.M.C
I'~~).
pp. "1-,)6.
,~6
=I;;",=i~n~=,!:~.~ui""'=<>«p,,,
· .~on! ... ,l);.G_~ """'.G,,_""'ffl;';'-/"(S''''''''''''' IIihliot""kWorl»uw.,)(Lt;,..;c"""tJ.P·9\I,hAd.u..~'1><
...: ~;~:Jy':;;'~.::::;:,r':.:::'~7...7.!"'.:"~s.',=-;,:;:-~
-.po.o"'16.",..",,,,,,, ,,,,"4yyIll,,,,, ..
""'*'
_~
,herewould i",rncd iatc1yfollo,,·aeOOlOe<:lioo DetW<40Dth<'....O "'.... of l ·hehymnj;rorthcfi.. 'bomofallcreatureo ... 'h.cprimal
......,..o(_.~"'''''''''''th<:h,..."o(John;.[""..,_'',bevll>s VOfJW< ...... >i>y..,,,ho...,.ru~;lbGod(""f'·"""I/>""""""' ,. • ....:><\t'Il.
bu, ,,,,,_ ...
I~""""~"IOo~._*_
Tb".(I;OO"......
I"~o( Joh "oombincdoho..-q><.
'Uilicb..,"" __h"_.p'..
!~;;i~~:-o...;,.,.llMn
~
oili. ". M..... "" .
....."* ..... .."ft,...,""" ..
h....... io ............ , " ... o( .... W!u.mocolSopM • ."..,.. .. ,"" ..... .,.. ~l"oItbc~"' ...
"'h_\\"ho'_ ....... .,h.o""
"'·.,..,...J;'..'.VOW'ho(ox •• ...Ja'i,"'''' ...n.:... b.--- .
Th"'!'t....,'.~,l "'
... c..t.~.' i6.q.-..:l .........
io.''''''_''''
o( d.;, ';''''''''' ..·,'h.....,-d .... oh< h>"l"""'-' 0( di.... q .. ~tM. {.oo the "' ..... lbui""'""'""o(.o!ivi .. M•• ) ...... ';,indK.,..ob&, ... ,.....'.. ~ ... btR_..&n.:d"' ......'>ropoo"'''''''''''''SupI>;. ......
_<_
T " .cuaa."TITIITIJ,O.T IU
'N\l UH"ATl OIi
., -~, fOl" .x.mp~, ooemed to Dibcliu. to> d..,1 with ' .... b~~ Pau l nam<> ... ~ ... "'-'11 1OOihcli.. . ...., mcd;and. indccl, >omeoflhe p"""ges h. ci,os, panicularly from Philo,aucot ,uch.co'''ple<,;tu.t;''u 11 to beo,·.,.kool cd that n.oucof.he fig" ' " he name. '1" itelill" hewWerolcof .h"rrdccmer;',f"..-.I.i. 1) - ?o.Thu.
.it"..
i, ,,,,.
t.... .,......\ofa·de"dopi"g m}"th· ,..<>u Jd""""'.oh<:""".~ "'''':''".", .h~ ...,I ••ed myt'" ~xp< C»Cd in the Now T."amcnt Ch ",,<>-
logi<.alhymnoropracn.iDgalat cr"ageol·.I",d",·elopme"tth~D
Wi!.Ian_ red""m« . Dibdiu . ..~. un~ble to ".plain where, whe", ~otd undcr .... ha.circu """' '''''''.hc lraniatlrn}~hofth"primal Man ",dumn might h,·e come into p.-e-Chriotian J udaism; and it furth.,. n il! rcm~ i", ""dcar whothor rh
,r.. .."'«,.q,ri"'liro iw)."I'Iilionddmi'e ..."' ... '"Fni "'h)p"'..u...
lion w .. OOI"ro .. kmitr ........ '9'4 ~ y . Ia", ""iod"'h. 11. """'0'1 tt, ;, .......... M... '" •• ~ ........ n)·.figmI<". """ ", ~·","",-,t· (W"ondl.
.Y"""'...., ...
,,, j.
' Si ...iL"ly."";ocDch(p.."') ..."U.. p/u"......
.
~lot ..... "'"
~~"I~:;: :u:.~ ~ ~:O~ :;-~i:.~~9, .~~....!t.~J:o.~
d>t>Xll< · ... ,_ .... ,·"ticW ..ly. tloe....".,j.;, ..... """,'"..-n.Co!.i.,"
n
..... y"'n'l>. 'os.p.vii.o6,~..:..T'iI~"""""""'.,.". ...,"'r...... ."'"r-...:I by ("""',. i . >61." (;!&,.. ..l).TIo<'.".;.fl"""''''"', ... ,%d... ~i,h
,p,;,,,,
~."",
....... in Sop. viL •• ff. \\";odiooh """
. , L<'1>< .. pWoo.tioonolohc"""'"""' ... ''''''o.,,~inCd.;.
K.u-.
'l .
p. '7' cf. '~ J""" Mu;"""'-"l! . ·1.". Son ~,;.,i:::..~and'h
, Dj....,t; ..... J.
/if
..
'de""]opingmyth·"·",,,,,,chcda]re.dyprio'toChriotia,';ty,or wlo~ the Christ ~'''''n' p",,;ded.he magnet whid, drew tl,~ va""... dc",euutogetl,e.
'1'''.
C"OHIC
~EHR~"~~"::' :~:J
hiJI,~"breach .in lh" spho...,..,~tl"'d<.d. l ,tl h;'way
"", •• ron. nd...,..,. •• ho"orecon>tiluh,·elybou " d ' ''tIetloer ;" .he myth of th. primal Man woo io .hc red""n",,' Kil$ema,u' think> th .. '.10•• tlper.bi.wic and me.aphyuml d",ma of the gnoibdiu • •h .. in OM bymn ·p
hrnl. " " .nd i,"ageofGodandthu. "' thcSonofGodalLd 6ot"rnp"lEl<6>; . F"""lhi.pointit""a .~bl .fo.H eJl.nisljc
j udaism
tf) ~ " t
ovc< th... [..,,,,,,) pr«licate fQr Saphia and
Logoo,inoof~,a. th.f;".io~I "'''~r>tt.oTn''.nd, a. ''l!pt~io
3150in fact6n"n-.pt>I"(Ie6;:Whe",thcn, in Philo'the d oc"';ne of Sophi a"," ] .ogosandor pr imal j\fa nb lcnd togetherin "'~3c1 ,
;:':.:.,~~~t:;:?!",cPt can "'ppcar direetly '" a " ni.ing bond
It i, thi,ba<·conc~pl i '''''n nc
'_.p.t<>-
, lh!.p..' .11Los ' ...
apr... ....... !Uo<mono ,;_ ""' .....
1Li>«>ri
"'1iPow ' -.. round 01 thi, h,."", ~ mock "'..,.,. ,I>< wruabon
.,.pI.o"""""""pv<...ip=I.ly.,....'Ia'..,lortbe t-kguodolrlut.o.G"
"
.. aUK •. ·
The ract .ha. only eight of the t' 2 word.< in "". '~-"l0 need bo r"""wed in onl., 10 r<"""", all spcci~c:Uly Chri"iaD elcrnlOITI of .hc ",ay ~ tld I.~ d., of those ",I", ;on:,
........ iaJ"'t ..;.;....
T~K
CU''''ENT
.,..\TU. '"
T"~
"QLOU ' '''," i. '5-~(}
''''' U 'I' 'GAT,ON
body,lteiu>ou1""hc.d·,'tiJSophiawhoh .. a OOleriologiu.l fUDClio" in J odaiil" ( Prov , "ii',:H; Sap. ,;i, ~4ff.i Ode Sol. U1iii).'Th~';l iJ KlUcmann·. ,';cw,ha, o:;mropu rcla'cJ 10 Ada",,,,,d s...pl"aa<cunito:d in Col. i. r.~~owi1It'hcco''''''I>I or 'I,.'c....moo: ....1or. inwltoschonor PhiL ii .•• 'I"'.kJof11>e ge""r.l .ubjugation, B eb. i. 61r, of ,h. gCDuRco.;t"'n ofth.
::~D:.~.~~: i:;h:.6::~~ ;~~::! ~'I"~'I~~~I:!.:~tt~~;: h .. bodyf..".nnowon . h.him .. lfio1!te·'rod«lncdred«mc:r"." K~"'malm ha'lh". hcrc g;'''''' all inlCrpr<,.,iollor,he preChri"i a"S"'''''ticred.emer 'h"t~gainr'''Hals th.,"aricJnatu''''
ofthi"tigure'; for where .. Bul1manllhad apparelltly '''01,£h1 orth~ ""n.;cptof 1his redeemer as infiu.ncing the con""pu of Sophia. Anth"'P'>'> and Log"" K.a<.em ..nn ""'" these as hehtg iop.di•• /J oIol .. ... I'g.I"" 14 ""'~ .pI'" l"OIIiL red«mt,,:n,'e ~"""ticrW""merwou ld'hu"""thi.,';" ..... I'.vean,,,n''''hm J udaillIl(",a!>oGcorgi).ThUiKl>ema,m·,.~pbnationl".. tl", .lrCCt"c<"bo'aotiatingth.view,!\at ha.betoIogical hymn•••ndoth.ianJOOaiom u, taLcOllsimjbr~cmp'ivc ... pec" .. d,.,""uholadcveloping my'hicalund .....'ndinl! ••ud 1ha. \I,e NcwT",'amen' Chr"tological hymno rcp .... n. a furtl .. r ""ge in ,hat proc .... Wh.,h"" K:u.;mann ;' currec. in thinki"g ,h"'j,,,' .uch a my,), i",1 och'me", i'l'",""ntedhcr<: w a.pr"",ntalrcodyinp,e-(:hr;"ian J udai'm.ti!Jrcmai".,howev
"'1''''"''''''
in !i.llcni'~i<: Jud.iom ' ,h. LogOl .. n,-of God ad,vi ... he,ng who tak .. a prominent posi,ion m-er agaiIut .11 od .... =.,td I>cings: b 60 . .. My~ M"'i .. ,~ .. ..,,;,.., Vrr/q>Xwv&<:oi:i.~""'TT.:;wm.o{&IIinm.>"b ... p«rjl.dyberc b"rnrneobvioUl, ,n..1 the (.og»>;'f"nrl'ltilo 'mo:diator "cue:"ion·. and ',f>e hyp<>statizcd pcrctp,ibility "cG<>0 "" iou with reg~rd to~ll.I "l'Qj}()!li H IkC..J. ti"[. 6:>-4; " I'f>e Anthrol"" i. Iow: adlVlllc l>eing.,IoeclrleotSo ll tofGud,andplaysarole ... mc-diator"ccrc.'lio,,'-n.u. he i! ·.' Obo"rving ,bat Sophia is God', ';/;' 3 inS.p." ii.zG,EI""""th""rightl)"CUl1dud ..,'Logos and Anthroposca.ntl,,'" int .. chang.in Phj lo. ... cal1 also Logos a"d Sophia in a ' imilor1l1.,nner'; heDC< dtc "'Iuating of the I-<>gO$witl\&t>)(... ,~,a '>vl""II .... I"ws,· ~"'·A~novaCrr"'la<>v,oV~~«
I::lt""ter d.t.or""co: 'A>tf>e hther, ", ,,,Iso;' ,!te Aothroj>Ol and I"""'; lx>th ~:m: t1", same ".,...,.,,,,,"'i i n" .. lhot
~
hther i,,,,,Ued Noii;.the l\l" o ;'calledl""""'S [i.,S] ." Eh"'tc'thuo,"",i l.oe.tod ,e·.ih~ prtdic.ation oj" ,he Losos' i nH.U."i>1 ;<J uda ..... t .. oroots'hata •• n •• rly th • • am'_ .. t h. twosourceo Dil.oeli u• •uggested for Col. i. , ~--->o.O""io'in t],. dUC1ri H" of Su l'hi. __ ,Thcsccotldrool 1i« in,hedoctrin.of1)te <:O$I"ic ,\ntltrop<>s" Thi, i, 10 he oern ' pecilicalIy, then, in , /liiI. P- 3}:
t:I_.
• F._W _
T._
' IW ,p,., ut.. ... .,._
,ba,
' ,0.00..-."",)'9-
(B2NW. '3) ( ......,.
'0'.
, !LW_!'J ....... p_3!l. ' 'biIo4c.y·'--'''I_4'
F ._W , EI""",r,oinY
Ph"".F.,..,/...
' F , .W.llt "' ''''.'''' >.I-1:
'MA,a:'._w.H'I'UT"'"
KJ.>emann had JIIggc>1ed ,hat lh. concept olth. 'imag.' w .. tll.efoc.ll'oin t:tJ"Oundwhich'h.concep ..... latodtothe"""'r.ol di,in<:heingocluolc..oo..oo inlermingled.1Itw.. thewo,kof
'9~)
'Abov<,I']6.
'a.J"", Lo l '1IJ.p., ....
• F._W, !J,..,...,p, 8,
n....fJ,<>o"'. .. plon.JXm,;nm.iliK'....
~::-:,~1ho"""""q{.,., Mon"="'J
..........
"""""
1!,.,oI..oId",,,,,,,,bon
..l.".·......·
",0.... ........ 1Jo.finI .. ,... ,0(
COLO" ' A~'
,d .. cd totl,cv;"ioo.diviJlcfigu ..... injud.i>m with the idea of a "",mic "",,-,nciliation? Had 11" j twioh WISdom_lilt figHT" ahadymerged "-itharoomicr,,.Io<merill,.,m"lUy
bethec_,wouldth, ,..,,ulti"l!:figUfOtJ.. n I.. th.gnostic n:dccmer, or would 'he pnor COImic red"."",,, he I.. ' l'robably therorm«; yfl it Ifill cannot hedemonstra.ed .".i,..,ly •."i.. fUlOrily ,hat'Ucll a mugt CHn' ...,,'no' in fac, th.c lOCal point in thi>
""""'"
a~-hilt, "',,'~; ...... li~'1y ",ib< ~
lII"'g.... '
,It.
"fin""'<_ofl'lU',;i.6-II;'_b<1"<...,.,.brt~'ba,tho ltiJh~' _Onous..p;.n oXI of.pocaJ,p
....
~ ....... " .. ""' .... ~,h .. ~_tw
' ........;u. ....... IJo."""'''.. ,.... ofCal.. ;.,8'-=-Pw«itdy ....... _ .... r. ~~'~h>l.xpIo, ... 'ioudl'ltil.;;.9-I'.,;""'tbe,........ tion ofthoR~''''''''O".;-"J'''' ...... ..",.; ... ~' ,.,.. ;"Pltil , . 9-""........ i,e
vind"'"'..... ...
"'f",>cl.,.
Ki,,"'al.I.ci!:t0>,;"ii"
u _ ...... tl.o fi ... "",dtho hymn, mcludi".-'I.o ""'_'''-' d ,be
.
::~~,=~~::'.:.= ~.I.ina:~=,~·:::i:;'".2; t''''upb.''''"''''''Hv>lo
f'..-'~II_,_ ~,_
",WI";,'m"'J"'-- "'" 1;..1.;,,,,,_ dnal":),,·.. tl"""' I"t'_ur_
rr"""undU~t«ao
8o)(!lt";".I96,).pp.[l')-1~7.~<M
'.,...., hymn of Col. ; otan
tho ""' .... of , " oId.nd
in 1I< __
«p< ... tityd"hi<""""""'oality ul" .... <,,>·ioioo-.
Si" ,.tlte t><>wratherwtU.aue;lCdhrJXl,htoi, of a'p""""",of dcvdul'ingmy\I,' in pre-Chtiotian j uJaiouI g<><:I far 'o",·ut! el<'gical lt)·mn. COIl ~1 Le l',w icated ..,r je",.. ..,,,. m~h t"mply""u""'that the Cltri.!tcvcllt f"O" ;ded ooe"'8"mellt ulJudaiun, primiti,-. Christianity, with motiftho, df<xtwa ",,,,,,'oa nc:>
<""'P''''''t .~t ~ ....
i. ' 5-
.h.. , .hevie"""'" , howin,J,<proasoofbeingrcaJizcd_, i" I Cur. xv. 01>-.!COItId ""'yhe Ch.Ti.u:",. Tha'wch a v"",· j, credible hut ''''' H
..-;do"......
O"~""""""",d!i,D<-nioUcu.n..iani,yprio.-",.oo",n" .... pO<..,.",ithPa".w~iclt<Wri
"""of, ... '.....,;fie,;!M...w.J ...... andhio"""I'.riono>ntl 1ord ...... ""'_Ldio"'tho<",.oOOirion ...il<:<>th>_«n.inly)""c_;b.tI,,.,..~ ..... ......, ..... 'yd~ ............ " . . . r_,.,.di,,
"
h,.,..""""".
'['HE SHO RTER PASSAGES
i n (hi, wall, dlC iron wall, T will knock a broaeh for you.'
TH ~ CIl",~E~T OTATIJ .
1"1I~ ' "O~TE"
OF TH'. H'VUTW "T I OII
o«ounaloo;n,he,;milarOOlUex,;n c..p, H"",.iv. 6·,!tch.. ',hing>
'ouched on a >-...yd_ paralld, sillcc
P " .... O~.
Ka;crnann thinhtha.~."'i:thc,..,al>ow;edilltl" '""hnica)
mortal ar.d
ff;~~~;;1i~~:~~~E;~;;[~
~~~~ ~~,~.i~li~:~~:,:.hJ..CO;,::: ~~::::~f;~:'~:
h..,OO",,1 rthgi,.... oth<:me CJt<X>~nt~ .... UI in 'he Hellen,,,,,, :";p~'?';,\ri"" and in thc Sophia ",y,1> linked. \o ;t hy this
~:~=;;~ ~a~~~n::,~",'~~:~,r.~~:p~;~. 'i' ~:;:~:~frltc~~:~:~;~':':::; ~~::~ ~::!~':f,::>::~:: f"",;ni,,,, na,u"""n man ,hat is the ,ubj "'" or(A<~. 11""" i
~~i~I?E(.~·~~~o~%:~~~~~tE~:;:~~
have demons,r.,,,d the place he uc~b<:I '0 p,,~Chri~tian J ud. ,,,,, in ,I", ,I"...dopm.",froman c.r h"rn' y,h m Eph <:Slarul. lIult"w.i·3 Prohablytn.onlOOt.ugni6cam"ori tode.'wi'h'hehiotorica l
:::~ 't.~;~.~llb:::'.~~~~ofErJ~ ;:~~:~:~;:: ' T he Son and 'he Sous','aoo ilio,hetitltpar,of,lWooction, 'The Itcpt<'Otn'a'ioo ofthc S"n in lI.br..... '.lha'd""b"·i\h thcpn>bltmathand KiUcm.,m here .... Heb, i as J>
:t~l ;~:~~;' ::~~i~:S~~=:::;!: ':;~.~:t~~
~Jib~f#i~~;'~~;f~~~~~~
:~~~!~::~iE2;&~S~f:f::~.:S~ 'Kl>< .... ""n.,_J;ou.-a(FRLAt>T ,N ,0'· '1)(G..";"p...
'~'j,~:":.:~~
'9:18)., 10it/. ""
;.r~·vp, ~ ~~ 1'6,.
",~.J"":.,:,!:.",:~.,(~ .:m...!'=~",=":6..':~
151r. "nd PhiL ii. Sir., cvidcmly urric. farth ...
that
I~':b .
th~
.. me
i: 3 and Phi!. ;, . 6-1 1 maybe eo'." mort do.dy related.'
;'~~E~~,:;/':~~1~~;:i~~=?~£it~~~i~:£~:tI;
In>tance.lh"Qbcdlcnccil,henin,he l.tterCHI u,io" '0 'he p""""'prob)c.n. C.SpiC<.jmol;cs ,heKlationof the"""""'p"employcdin thil
~~~~~~~&5f:~~c~:~'~i~~~¥~1{f ~iZ;~~!i:~~§~~~~g~~~~~ theli'....
from
rypoi ntof vi. w' ;for,a.hc hirnxlf not ..,.'he
h>_~f""b
~§~:[~l~§!~~~r ,
'1 ~·p.Gt
' /IN. p,6,1
,~~~~~~~:'=::''7:;;~'.~ (t'odooBibl". ....) (Pa.;'" • "iJ· wwt.
' /MI.p,JO
~..:~~. ~ n ~~~jr~[[~ :;'1~~ H~'p ~r~ Sl,~ - ~ ~ ! [. ~. ~l" " ! g,;, q'[
<~iim
U!1 Hi}~ilH~i ~ !:~ p~fthi'r
{mm
Ilo,:F" "."'"
i ' ~ ? n:·[~='g%~H·~· [" §'~~';::~~~1~~'
r:' !! ~'~{
~'1~s-s1;;;
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rlllll!l!ll!l!ll!!!l!l!lll,
HHH
~~~ 2.~ 5
HH!f "I -
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m
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n~i
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~!l S',,'
1?.i
SUM).!AKY
' a".Artb"Lbt>r ""'·•. .Rt ..,"' ",,,...;, • .,J,""'",.';;,,,G.M, T.ill
(,!I"".... ),bylho"J.,.__
C..-. ,voI . x H
:,~"' :_ ·""' . 6o&-lC
grouP" biot:c'oo ,he myth as 'hoy found i" '>.king only 'be coOC<'p.ofa.,.,.micrttOnciliation"".leavingthe (toU5) cl~a,ly
Jcwish ponion. of the myth.' Wb ence, then, ca,,,., t"~ mfth preocm i" th.... hymm into Chri .. i"l\; ty~ Iloeo .he cosmic dua~ .... petr u t,i, would of ooun< mtcam. tile magnet which duw th= t",oconccpb tog<,hor. O,had the myth ofa coomicroconcili ... ion alrexciyberomeapartof.hede,·doping myth in J udaiml prior to Ch''''i""i'y, 10 U... l. provid«l a n:adym"dccxpl. n.'ionfo'tlICChri.. c,".n\? I\ is .h,,~n$... er to thi' qu",tion.hat ..·jllcngagc u, TIOw. 'It ...ould ' ..·n_lIo.... ",1;o< , fJU'od ' h<
'"j'h"'."""""' =""';li..x.. ...... .,_ br..I i''''Ib<'''',tltO:at
pm>idcd by i"Jewisb"';!lw.A1"""'sh tho'. ~ bI<, o
....... ' d
HI STORI CA L RELIGIOUS BAC KGRO UN D OF T H E CI IR ISTOLOGICAL H YMNS
lk bcCOT" "' bj " " elf mm in ordoe
w fl\lMl hi, t"k a. redeemer :
lie I,..c""" 1;" me Ih"t I mighl ' ·l~'l'j ,·C l ~ I!I ; in .imni",,,'. w . mY lI'ace)
'",00;..,,1' .' .'
' Aoo.<,V. :<>-
'W.. ,;;.,;;;• • C>
H" TO ~ T " ,' T.
Thore i. ;o]oo
"~U"l() U' . AC"G ~ O"'
~ b u miJ ; ~I ; O "
an d
,~alt , tioD :
Th<. Fan,et of T ,"ih remem bered mc, hc who(prepa""I) me from the Lcginning An, lh" W"d i.w;t hus iQ all ou, way, lh~ ... vio'whu mak"" llIir¥ and d <><-,uot r
",,, or ' he :l.f ""t H~ h ~r p<"a rffl in d"perfectionofh i,Eu he , ;
Andli!Io.t JawncdftomtJ>e lV,cd ' h", w", lJeforetiJne in him (,ij . q.-I ;.:, Ah(), Od ex . I f. : T h , I , .'d )"'th J iroctoo my momh by hi, W ",-d, .nd l>c h,tllopcned m y linrtlJ)" hi, i i8 kt. ,\ " ,1 10<
h~lh c~u .. d
to dwell in rn< h i,
d c~ t1 , I .,..
, ..].
With the light that .run.. i,>torlarh "", } "h" i . 5,is 10 lJe COlIl p=dOJe:!.~.
,r. '
A. ~lC . nn i, thcjo)" to tllO' " t hat >eel: f", il> d ayb r~ak
oo;.myjoy
,h~Lortl
lIo-=.u..,hoismy.w,.
and and
h ;. raY'h.",,~f,ed mc up,
hu lit hr ha,hJi'pcllcd aUJ",k",,,, from my fucc.
Hut I " ,ill b< ""itl, those who love m. Th .... para ]] .l. with tlte New Te.lament Chri"<>iogic.alloymn. , ,.., '" cl""" ."to i mp lr"i,hc rinHu cnu:from on~tothc oth ~, ,,r { ... pdofJob" ·;. 'h....""'kd in'ho Od .. of~ond ~'iw': _ "" I """""(.""'T.P _ 3 7 )
th«p. tleod
n!lTO 'U CAL
R~L 'G' OU I
BACKO QOU""
n ' & OOUO.lO!.O'I{'"
i nll~cn""fr<.,maCOlJlwo,, baekgrow.d. 'ThUl
(>
.. ,, ~ ("' . . . . . ' '' L O'''''' A"" CHRIlTlA'U TY
Th"Chri"i.. nity(ocl""kofiljof,be Od.. :"a' J",",,"1"iIJall opt'Ilqu<>,ion, Alm<><;o""red, AdoJf H ~mack P"J' IOU'lO.."
~;'~,i ~,~ ~:'I~I ~,~oa~ c~~:~ :d~J~I~I";I~;~I::~~~a~.~~.~ ~~,,~:' ~~:,i~::~~;!'::~:;h:~:'J ~~'!:~f~:;u~~U~:,',::{~
tho fi ... time Ill .. ' he 0<1"" "'
Odt,'i dcocribcsll;o''''''''''''""olGod;u61f, rela, .. ,h<: "itWin "' ru,; x;._ . If, and ,wu.~. '1'<" of , 1;0 Fa,bt-!", Son. >od Spiri,.A~""i. ,off.; .;rnpooilioDS01l ' h c _ nfCl>ristand oing, a,"""IIoth., ,h;n!(J-. h ... "tr. ,ti' y,O
of th< Spicil
~poo
0., ;',-
..,kclion ofJ ew;dl and Christian elements in Ihe O d", was arbitrary and O\·idon.ly made quite h"'til y. Thu. he n,,,,le lhe rn""ke oi .hink;"S" Ih," every occorrtnceoClhe I<:rm ' Lord' w,,". dd itiondesignatihg T hisil;. "ot , .incc the term '1.o«I·;n the Od", j,actnally ,,"'" ""-"l o(\cn with reference Cod; foco:amplo, Od<: ;i;. 6.~fe,..tolho Lord
Gllnkcladrnittoo, how"""r, ,!ut Chr;",;an CQ,,,,,,pts .",oiIcn ,,,p""1l OIa,td . He .~plai ned , . Echoes of New T o....." e" l ... yjng.afcoCten h."Tubl.d,
~~<><:A>H~g~~~;:: ;:~~l;i~~~~mto:: :n:~!":I~n:..:~
f<><m~la of ,,-,ii L ~~ .t.ould b. seen ... " la ter Chr;"tiani.ing add i,ioo",h~" ili. ,-uliztdlba'v. or l.. dsaid thal tl",l."e.
Clui"i'n .•
Cl,ri...
'0
Ct:rtainJyOde v. I f, mak.. lbe idcntificationc
.ays· I (th.>.nk ,h"j, O Lord, I"",'''..e llo,,", 'h ...
°
•
(;.on"~
·o;.,Odno Salonooo· • .{."" .... V
l"""" ' de,~"",od!!.,"""k·••
i<w""" '''''Od<&,,,,,,ptutly
J ......., _tlrO";"l." •• ,"" ... hh<:dioasr=l~.blyOV
w"'''~ '''' ;.." Cl'.~lr Spi, ... pp. , llgr.(Ih<'''''''r<''''f>l ";""'_I>dd by {)"' .. v 1)it'triclo,INU. _ _
... , ..
j_,
~~2.:.~~~~.t~I~~~~~~~:.;t:.~fl..: ~>6-"Tb<
=, ~":.::'~i~":..,...t.;~::.l:::.;:.~!'.~.k! s.._',
oyrio< ..... Od
Si"''',
)'etoomeof,hcocarc ,urd )'ltCDtldary.A.lcost lb o T rini'"rian
.Jluded 10 ..., wrilten ' wholly ... hy lh. r, "ser of God'; wbc1'Ca.l'. U "",rn. to imply thal f'",her, Son, and Holy Spirit w."' thejn;u, "u,loort. r\loo,in ' pi'.oi lbe b ct Ilt"llbcreoc.;m to be nbviou'r'n ••
Moot H igh, d o not thou fonakc rnc, f(,r . hO\l af\myhopc.·
Cunk. l oh. ]lcng«l Harnad tho foUowinsy·.,.' ·loowing for ' Ad<>lnl>r ..'*.ruj ...·~idouP_ri .........., ... (T,"''''"wUo' .,.,..,;,_ .... 35.~)(LeiI»'!l.'9 ' o)
,oot
II~.-
....... li(fo>... StKN.,r/......... (N""'Stu
w...._
W'ld "'" Kit'd ",. 9) (..... tin. ' 9"), and Hub. cn-. DK .,........."""'.....".(Il
..-b<.G .... w"..... ~;'RGG.rud,·""'hI .• ('~''),roIo.87""90),'"
=;:·~~,"t.~nd":",~oomern!:'~,,~=:::. ::::~;: ·9'·,), .. lh>.'.-~,...,.- ...... ..,...be("'_.,ddo·a1·rSalomo-
00:lIon""·,P."1 ·Gu"td,·~·,wl.8(I.
1 T wascrown"T by "'yGod, and myc.rown i. li>'ing; 2 ,\ndTwa'jn"ifi",TL>ymyLonl, a ndmy,alvati<.n i.i'>COfC"1' ,iIM.
5 ,\nd 'he ,hm'f:Tltof TrutJ, led",,,, andI"'a l kMah~'i la,,,IJi JDOtwandor
.1
!Hf;mW HI~t ~'i_~t[~ ~~~l~~~~_~[~
l-~i-r~ ~iF~;~~ E [~ ,q,'<_"Ot!E "h!h f - fl~H~
!t~IJ ~[l~ ~~
s~l-Y ~a.s~~~~
i -~.
t;;.~ _ ~"!! ,,,
l,iI~ ~~;;:! t
~f:li ~;ii~~
, ~i~~ig~~ ~i~~~iJ~
~[~la p~ i~ _ 1'; ij I~ ~! fr~ ~
1nP 11 ails'
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fn'
=~!:-[ir
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[h~ ~f th ~! ~~ if:lf !tl !lH ~!Id' li It 1~ ~; ~~. ~~ :§ [
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if
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li,rhi HiHiitE~lti HHi.l fl~i !hH[ '2~"i~ i} _~1-~la~- F ~~r[;:t~ a1 ~ a:~ ~:'~" ~.g ~ ~~-'3;n'g i ~l~~~~ "'l
l'hW~ihll'!'i.I! ! i-' t~h", l ,"-'l. '-I ;.d~H l·~'!I!"~§~ -tl~' '''' t§~t~1( "'5<_"'"""~·"~':';">P.~-=-,.- "iS'=015g ~,~ ~_I- p-"J :·t(r~il.-":~.
n. i,sl g"~ ~.~~~~~&S~ ~ ~~.~_~Jl ~
61 ! ~JU"1-. ~rlUJe~ ~~gJ~~:.~,~-=~.:~!~~f=~~~~ R
,g
[i~JJlf~" ~f~~~~~[l~i-.~~[ i.:~[ r~~f~iftnlr~l~t~l ~fl~·!o~~~~h~h~~lj_~ [f.-~J~"'~",·~ d~SS-;8.Qfs. !'~~
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; ;;;; ,
· ~J~lS'.!~il t~r~l~!. ;o"s § ;r§::-~ ~ . ~ ;"rfE ~~~~[~ ~~~. !~~ 11fpr~flt~·~~~~ 1~ "'t -· ~ ~ a·\l.l8.o.:~~~;·~~ ~.: { g:a~p·;
·1 ~~i::ith~~~!~i Ir~ ;~~~fll!~·~~~~~iU~i~l~. ! i~.I... ·t,.. ~"'; ",,,'_1 ",-['<'",,".""'l"," - I'~'"""'~'l,'~r'".rj'-: _',"-,,' 00' •• :lI'!' -.".<,; •• !~ ·~L.!llt 'jH i.~ ;I'~ ',In . LrH ft~f ~:g:";· ~"~6if.a,~~~or.a.~·Hitg·~: ~~~
0, tI,e King, the I"'rlett Ma~, ,h . O"ly OIlO! lbe W; ~l {lull, Tammuz, the I"'ti",,' )"faOl, the OHly O"e! O,tho Ki"g;"]od:cdup;nadorkpla"J>
And
ent",,~kth. i r
pHI,;,
and'~paw,y'h" ; ,j(,rd',
AHdcarryolr,Io..; .. I>e>Jioo, ~"d """"')' tI,~ir "'uT,;
F".thryarc mu",.wil'thanligbtning, and m"'·e ,al'i,]
~"TO . 'CAL
He g<>e&, he Jka
T" •. OD U OV . OLoIOOM
~ . LIOIO~ ' ~ AC ~ O.OU"O
~w~y
10
.h~
h",." of lhe carth,
.cl... ti."", ,,<"denl i" ,he Odn ofSolornon PJ"=<'o" a
O "tI ,. path, which bring ..... cnd mJ> m.n 10 1nl, 'n",ma,llY OllO, lolhefarca,th,wIJch is inv;,;ble;'
r.~.l
:t~~~~~': r~::,,~~:,,:,,':":':~;;'j'::.;!;.,=:':
from Ihc cuI, of Adoni>; It;U, Ihe Odd of Solomon
I«1ll
to
~o;,ll:::,'d:.~:i:m";'Uh~·f~;:;;;~",:;~~';,}~a~e;~la~ the .New Ta bmen' G/m"o>iogical hymJU, anJ yet appa_ rently Independ
In
On Ihe day w),e" T ammuz "",cnds (?), Withhimlh.nulcoflapis luuli,lhe ri"g of.pt ajnedby the innue""," of t~t wonhip of Adonis on 00<: "'gmen, of ,he J<.....h ...rAdon.i. Although tht »Tt"''''''' ofoome Cltri"i~o ele"",nu (",me of which m.y be "iewed .. lI«<Jodary addilion.) in' hc Odr.lol Solornonilccrtainlyno,denicd"be pr"":llCC ofelcmen .. ,.daled 10 Ihccult of Adoni. mu".l", be """'K"i.ed. Th....lcmcn ..,.ogc' h.. wilh'ru:u l
""nhip
Cod_ make ithigh1yqU<"'io"ablc 'h~'thedisti,"'tivevicwof
I.be redeem .... presen,ed in Ill<: Oda i>l ID be
<>;pl ~i"od
as 'he
,"",It of influence from 11", New T"n... ,""'" tradition.' The '· j ~ h
··])lc l!OII."foh "o:I<,II",, ·. ilo.ip."'''' • O~.n' •• ",., Od<. of SoIoouoll _od Ih< OhU
"".... w
(.'l+\) . pp . :J'iIlr·;GrorJIkd".·~·.l'-/1>~
~~ . . rl • .,;.m,.,A~ ••• R...... "". ' ... «ld.
Wllhd.. K"~l """ "urtWi'''' (Nco<_I"I:>d'''''lIb.coa ..... ,,,,,G«q
......
".o;"
W _. '!IO<»,_.,_r.:_·~ d« A·r Pu.1 ..... ~odO>:l<ns.Jomoo·,PI/Ii,"".'''''v.ed . AlbmJ[.orl('9' ~).
P.lll;·odS'·). ooL'l-Io.!lOo'of!l.eOdoofSolono<>,ofW'''''''''umprtDn". 'Du ,""...._ Scb.W
prau "\ably "lloo priorlo i.' ;th
~:~f~~~:,:~:~'~::~~~~7"~::;:~i~~,::.~~~~~~pe~
mylh Iyi,,
~::ce:~; ~~~~:I~r~~ec~~~.~.p:~'7.:by ir><:Ol"p<>rnling Jlwo.y rec"ved my bl""ing and lived,
and
''',y "'cre ga, hered 10 m• •od,..,re ",ved.
~~~ ~.~ ,\'::,';:;: m . ... my o ...·n m.mbers, T .... I ,OOO,,,..,iool J.... a """";c .'p<'Cm! (0 be inV
od,,,.
Htw l>ogatl""' lh" llIingstru.'arebe,w'" The poooibilily I.... ' 'he mylh iu ,1Le NewT.. tam ...n, L'ltri, \l)o ~ogical hymll.w .. al""'dy in"':Cl.pri,-,rlO i .. u," by Chri!tia nily " " il1 rurlhcrincr< ... dwhcn" ...... n'h:o' thcred ... mc:rm)~), oCtho Qd", ofSoJo""oniJ connltologicolhymru
~~!~&~=~5'!E~~~'S o\.doo. """ aL"""-'IJ>
in6u.=from th<
h<""cbl
\otl ....... y h..,.c ok..: "'"
HY PO''''~ TJZA.-rON
Pa" 'c~l .dy , ooc<~Lk
!J; TH & ODU 0' 'Ol,O "OH
i, the Wi.dom ·!ikc 6guI'C "'Ode )(Xxii;
{~,~, ~~:::~~,~h3';:i:..6=:1:= ~~::: '\ t. nyrat~,
a p
be.,sod, fonhe(Goo.:!n=)ofGod l amtell ingamongyou("".6, l o)
T1l1.1'the",io,hi,one'"".nccinwhich .. divinefigure,very ri mil..,. to the hypootatizOO figu rco of Sophia and Logoo, procla'nt... h-otimtthroughknowlcdgc.' Onc ,),o"ld p<1"haps n,me this 1;"ly ill Ode JUU.iii ·Truth·, rincc >hertft .. ,o·,hc waysof T ru'h· ,,,,d",oce Tru,h i.o"","
~~;::'~-:'':',~': ;~~,~;',o{;~,7~ g:;~':;~;~~:~,~ onoohonld D<>te at Ie"d" ,he fOllo.>wing. In Ode So]. v,ii. lj. he od~'mak .. a""II\o Ilca r ,he Won:! of Truth, androai,·. tl", k,,,,,,lcdgcof thcM
~n~tk~"'u;':';~~,l,;'.,~ ~:'.'J;.' ;:.~~~ ::~,'~~~,:~~~~~:.~ p1U/:Mot ' h io f.. h;"n'ng in . " 'ay o:irnilar to Sophia ' nSap. i~ 9. who ·wa. p"""'nt when thou God] did!, make the world' The'wonl,ofTnuh' """.""'11tionOO agam in x.ii. J,~ ndwb.n Tr .. th, 'like the fiow ofwa ..... , 110,..., ... from my muutll ' (xii.
r,e.
, I)Ih6) rl"..b;.....,'!I59j.P.'!l ' ..[,.. .. CootOO ...........'
:g.~t'ci...!:~, '::'~;,=.:~::t. (lIoonam >.,r.• "00 ~k:I. p. <:id
Rh
a.. ...'.n C_tk J"""".
..... O' .. . ·""""""'O@; ti'.k·b< ..._ lion,,,tol.o;W.p. ,,a.
' )~
J..,..... oop"'tkW_'P'W...
2),Tmlh"'"""ai"lydlOugl"o/"a'lUtDe" 'h.. <, ,,t..."'"tial awla. ""p;>blcof ac ti " s ..,,,,ewl.. , judepcooently. In Ode Sol. ix. 8 ilis ",id of T ,."tl, An ev~rl." in.~cr"... n i, T r"'h; bI=ro a", ,t.cy who oet iton theirhe:>d .. ,,·hich is to !><, <:<>mra-rOO wi. h Ode Sol. i " · T he I .ordi, .. "",, my h~.ad lik•• crown ' ; and in Od. xiv. 7 Tru,h it. 'he one whu '.ach.. theodi" h ;'"""!l'.Abo, OdcSoI.=o:ii.~. pe3k1of 'h. W","" which ananaJ"" fr"'" the Truth, 00" ,mp.okr fr- ils>lj Th", hoth tho h YP""aJiution "' Truth and (her) inter_ ch.nge.3hilitywithot!,crl,yp<»ta<, att<3'cd fo r the
,to
:;:'~ ~ ~!o~;:;: ~\~~,:;~,;'c~::m~~:~ ;:"~~.: ~~:':. worko' (vii. 6) .' Mo",in' P'Urta" ,r"r oo rpt""""nt;nte
~~~:'~§~~~~f;~~~f~;:t~2~ The Lonl h.. ,h di,..""cd my moulh Y ...IW. a nd he h,I' OJ"'nod rny hcart b y hi. ligllt xii.S
lJyhim [..... /><'I"""'·, • . 3]'lIcWDl"ld.. p:Lketo(0n.e ",,,,,ha) "n,I'h""'that wt""i' le"t{Locame)b'..,I,.'
xv.9 She<>l ha,h 00<:0 "oo1iohOO b'tnl/Ii [ft.ofl hcodi,,] .
~i;:~~[f?f\¥§~~fi~~?~rC~~i
""_"'9" poi"tcdou"""'_·.O.li. ,o.•nd_L.Ho'> ..;;;, ~ 'f'P<"'''''''',..a!I
00..,.. ... (tOM. ...
.. .....,.Lo.""'th.o..udt.<M.>ob.c.o,,"~ ... ''''''. 9' ). R
:E~:=~~h_U«~ma><"h~;n M~~ ~,~~ «I.... , ",,",,"i<
ro..
~n , d .
T TI.,OD EOO • • OLO"ON
4 DonoL(caOlolffro",mc) tb.Yf'tIJ"""'· 9
""",i;' 3 xlii. '"
,li_ I1
Hi. "" It"> ["" "l'l!-.
x1i.14
Light tL.,.n",lfmm,helt'"II4·.
u. in all
,,.,, ,..ay.
P''Kama :
v ii. 7 The Fa(llCl' o r l("owlodgo i,thoP.i!!!,"","'f,fKnO"·ledg<
'-Ill
8
lIcar lhcP<Je"",,,'of Truth . ndrccci,, |
3
T h.""1.t;4"""oflheT.on:landh;'good pka,~",, •
..
The dwcllingplau: of(ho f'tlg"",o·i.(l h<Sooof ) man, ~nJhi, T'Ht hi, k"."
[' "," ,"olp
Hi, ,:;""'.' [s(. of,l,~ .\ 100' lligh" , 1I cam~ T .p ~l < with 11,<(<) wi,h Ji vin.~ li]>' ino"!""lh;uruy!~I• .,.,o' ma}"r" lt be mi
to
ril E UOPTlC ONOSTlC 1.lTERATURt::
FROM NAG IJAl\f MA DI
COPT1C O"OOTIC
LlURATlI. ~
no",
NAG H A""'AOl
""TO~IC"L R ~ LlGI"l·J aAC""""U""
H.m_Marlin Sch<'nlc, in hi. monograph ""tillw Di.
" ""'oft
In
"'1' ....1.<. ENogtJ;..",
ytriwi.,'
10..... di"",,,",,,,, thiJ
",l.otionlhipa,L to IheOd .. of SooloIDon in f<x>tn(lt"" to hi. Ir>mJ~lioro of the Ooopel of TTUth.' ll w;]locn'."",pu,""""",hc .. to,allattcntiontotOOoe ~w""rc lhep"ralklimliJmongc'LFint,onesl>o\'ld no1<: I""'EtTQI"(nA"'-"1)andTru\h~relt)·poot .... illtloeG".pe1 ofTru,h.andthatone"'preoe",",lteanti-divincl'ower(.) ,thc
otl""''''' di\'ine.TI\U.,jn'heope,ningsc<'ion of lhe.(;O$~lof T ,ulh dealtng with the primon:!Jal eman"I;'",., i, '" ~ of
F.m;.r tha, · itcl.oo.atedl,"own m. tttr inemp,in"",Wll.hou\ k""",ing"rrutlt.!tappU.d i",dfto,hemo delingof acre.' ure (1rM"""),I,yingwp,,,vidcillp"wtr (and) ill t..:.uI.y.,he equivalent 01" Truth' (eT ' 7. 15--">1); and that ' Ohli"oo, (born) of Error, "", 1\0< ",,·• .:l.d' (17, #if.). Thus it iJ F.rror that pef1cwtes and erlKifie' Chri't (GT IB, 0, /T.),' who ",os teacl~''8'h"w~yor Truth(GT ,3, oo}, With , ud, p>S&ageS.re toocco m p . ... dO<JcSOI. "'·.6,·The w.yof l'Jro, l loa'·. kf.'; xviii , 10, '<:rro< t ho~ k"""""" no" for nei,]"" dOlh i, know tI,,,,,';xui.,,'Er_wen, os,nl', ao d(p
and....,. ,jrl"".mcetruno, H". Trutb WlIt. proctt
and", hate,·c, T did",,'knowhe'rui\lk c ~ ...ornc:
AU,hccln«< ofError and'h"{allurements .... hichareCOll..idcrro'ltc . w""'n ... of Death) A"cl J oaw the datroyer of th. c.orrupto. [01": the dcotroycr of dcotrue,ion] And Ta>kro'hcTru'h,Whoareth ... ? Andltc oaidtome . .. • ' &I><..u, v;, I"'t-{I_' _ _ &.yI'" v,,;...u (GO<,.....,n. ' 9~)
: ~;:':;'::':. ~~~n..."",.r;..,a..-,:~~·~~h>po ,~bc
...,w_""'''' -.ciooo. in'''''Oo.I
:'.:.:.':J~~=;:,.7:!:-IIo....,
1);,0-...-. h
T.:.:;-..:i;.;.:!wm,"t,i""''''''I...iP'.rT''',h.. ',,'o . _; .....1>e
't'.tlr« ofT'u,h·,of CGursc(GT ,6,33),is.termfam i!i.,. from Ode Sol, xli. 9· When ,6, 3477, 4 'hen oar.. 'Tnnh ;" the mou,hof'h<: Father; hi • •ongue ".'hc HolySpiri •. Who,,,'''' atW:heohim. d ftoTruthatta<.h..huruelftotltcmou'boflhe Fatl,,,r by h;"li,e . • be Fath«',} tongue whe.t. be uo;i,.." tI", l1o lySpir.'t· . one:lhou]d t=all Ode Sol, xii. 3,' Tht moutltof 'he t..onl " ,heWord(witicitiz'ruc )" and.heiden,ifieation of Word and Tru.h in Ode Sol. =~ii. 2. When tI", rcdumer =light",,, 'd'<>St"whn we!'<: in da~k""'" and
eT
::2~~~:!~1/:.:':~~: ,~,~~ ish~hl:;'~~~.!:"~:~ Also. thcfigurcof'hcratlrc" . br<~"., in ",,'ne way rel.tod 'e
the Son
~"d
'he Spi'il (Ode SoL x,"" ~-4), ;, ..." in GT ~~,
~!~,:TH~ ~~~~: ~;t~~f~~;:17~:~:/:':7.:~;:,~~~:o~ ]~,,~l r whieh
,,'" hMld"n ;. 1, ;" Son ,' To be . ... re, <>ther p",aUd. U !I bcd'awn het"""'" ' h~G<>opelof Tru ' h . nd 'heO<J.. of h ~. ,ru, mo
Solon'''''.'
the orA., Inopel ofTru,ltha."bcenohocr..ed· TIlU. 'h< Goop<] of l .'ru'h apparend)' MW,.. how /I,".w T co'amen' concc ~ ... partocularly Chrntological for mula,io", highly .i m~ar to the I\ew T .. 'amcn' C!tri"<>Iogic.1 hynu.. , could oc Ion ked .tt>. nn al ready well d<'~lopod ' peculati\'. gnC1ttic---t<m.Whenprcciscly ,!t;" y,,em ' CI, S
l)i,f_ft"',._ ... E~_I'" ..."'.SOO..,d d .. ,,;&""" ~ ",_ <~ [0 obow thot ... " .
po,.lk ~ a<' ~· .. k, bu t Lt.< ,hlt"ijw;d, ""' ..... 5
"""'''''',.&"''',ke·••'X','''''''' .... '''''vi''''''' .. I
1' 9".0')'1'1" 'torl ' . ... """po ... ..., Goopd dTruth
~ith
vol. '"
tho:W"d
S~£~:':~iJt!;~;;~~'~~;.~~~~..;;
:£~~~::!=r:~~:"t::rt;;~
oi«p< ... _t
'''''''t
Tn r. TUAI'\KSGIVI l\ CS OF THE W l SD O~f SC HOO L
TIn
l'Hll"U(\"'l~" " ( u n l ~
"' U"O .. HHOO l
""~,,;,; ;;"~;;i",;;',;~;;,,;;' _11__,": ,- :0 ,::,_':C-":;'
" Tl TOllIC" L
1
.
>l~ L I' " ()'''
n .H,W>l"l' ND
'~~l;~l\':j~;= :~i;:"·~~~ving. .
f or thou
.
didJ~ say~
..
.
.
' oe rrom d .. 'rltction
ancl,""",,,lCmo froman cvil p~ght. Th~refo,.., I will ~j,-c t h3n h to thee ""cl
p
Myjoyi' thc Lord OUld my (mlt"") i.,o,.ard hi,,,. l"ha (my way U Jovely),
And I t",,,,blednot ,,·hen1 uw ),im '[(H"hei, mygr'cc)
The f.thcr of knowledge u the word of ~no"'l oog~ He who c",alod Wj,,]Ortl 'ha"hi.W<)rh
j' ,..,.....
.~,.J
11" .. ha
er"~tod
b, ~w w}"'\
me who n )-e! I l'o"a! aM I (W
],,,, 11< (;.i mp.",hoblt ), (li ,ln . .. oftheworW. .. ld thcirbth. ,-)
For (he c>tabli>hcd to knowkd_~ j t.» way, (ma
n u 'I "A N K"HV'K r"
or T .n W,"DO\[ .e llOOI.
Abo, Apocriphon of John 35, ':r Ib 011',.,.,
~\;"
clear '''''"'plc'
I honor and pr-a' "" ),y im,,,ihl" p ir il, foe bccauI< ofthoe hvcall 'hi nj« COme '0 hr, and all thing. (. tTi.d) tow,,,u,h...
, On<wlll m. llth.ot
,bor..; .. , ""~ " "",:h " """ ". , " , ~ ""
"tI ,,1, ,1~,,«
of ",,, ~ ,, .' ".1 ;''''O"J oo.; ,,,,,.!
T Hf. N EW T F.S T AMF. N T CHRISTO I.OGTCAT. HYMNS AS L ANG UAG F.
"" TOlt l GALIU LlG'OU . BACKGROO,."
in llt.
""'' 'p''n><
to God for r=iplof th. good "" ...... , did no' ~ .in alill,O!:u;.tic ""p:>Il5C 'h.o 'mcrdycl.rifiedforo,,<S
word only for tb. onc by whom i, waS llOw ""'" .. ' ,,"v;ng be.n
P"','iowIy only '.pohn' wunl. Prc-ci.dy tbe ," . "bg ivill,O!: hymn """"me a languag<_gn,un: ""king tow",''')' meaning I<> thenon.C/ui"i;m.Paul.wtnuni
p"'y in a_gue,my.p i";, p<'l~bu' my "w>d "u urtu;,rul.
Wru.l a,n I kldo? I "ill po-aywi,h ,be . pi";,.nd I wiJl p"'ywi,h ,I>< wiDJabio; I will nng";,h .bc: . pi";, aoo I "illoing ,,"'h 'he mind .00. Othonoi>c, ifY<" , t,I"' . ..·; ,h ,he . ,",;"how •• " "" Y <)<>e in the po<;tio>'or,," Qu.,;tk:t oay the ' Amen' kl yo",thankqi'ing when h. doe. oot koow """"' yoo nc .. ying1 f or )""may give ,h.o"b ""ll<~, bu'th<"'he cm>ni, oot .. l;ficd (I u".";v.1 4- '7-RSV) .' It is cIed il, a " il,i""i,y, haYing r=;vod thecbri ftca,i,.., provided itby , hcg<>!!pcl, ~ J(emf'l .. l toc~ptUI in'hCllcUT,e".la'lg~agc'lI<meani"¥of tl,,, I."J'I""'. W hether ."cl''' l\ aU'' mp' could",·e rltavebeen madeemplorit~ookIr
Ihehymn, ,..i,OOon,,,",,,wunl. ,,tinluprc,,,-.jOO.be known;i ldoano •• howevt"""""I;l;ely. the,h a nlagi,·ing Bctween I Co.r. ~ i ,· . 14- 17 and pt,i!. ii. com.,f" lI cycle. Diorovcrro to be allappropriat. language-
6-.,
Ke"u",fOrb.arill,O!: thcmc"Jlil~ofthc g""pd,i"C
,hg rowan:!. and """,;ving. furlllera.benla, ;"n " fh<,..,.,t, '!'"y', ...... , bbo' . • od ·tIto,.k' ..-cd"""..... be """,niaed .. ,. _ _
llaudiWn. WoI(Wilhdm. MoW -'" .£._. l<:ip.;g. <9 1I sw;...~u...ititWoII<4Uilu.\"OI.n .L<;g,1876 110<;-, Georx. ·l'oo:t..Jeloig""I~ >en AT." H . A : Di< l's>.lu",,, wod OdcRSalolDOO: rRf:.,'OI.~XI\·. Ild. Allo:n H.ud.Lcipzig,
19 13' . · &.Jomo.Od"'I.'I'''1>,R<.I-~MU''',I."i.!<'''.A.IU<_,
wj""'f<MjI. o. Rcihe. ,-01. I. o. I'.dd. Wilhclm KroIl and Kurt
Wi"e.S,uttgl" . ' 90
llornkamm. GU"tI"" .• I) .. llckcnntnis im Hebrll.."brid".' StwJint ... Anlit..... U,dlri.J""-, &,._,.. A¥fJdJ,-"voI.!I. Bd,,-il!"'"'' E'">n ~I; ...-"<:nTbc:ol<>gie,oK ~"mich. 1959 ·ZumV""',.'.tn;.,h:.Chriotu.. H)·mn"'Phil . o,6- ,I .'Stt.ii..... AoliA.- ..... U"Iwi,....... ,G_j, A oif""«,.-ol.l!.Bdtrl~'u. Evang;tio,o8. l>iu.>io:h, 1959 Ilultmann. R..doIf.·l h<:IIedou'ungd"'".,......hl"""''''''' ",,,,,. d.\iochon uNl m.nid,~tclt ... Q.ocllm £\ir ng
·!IeI<"'''''';'- uod !iedf'''!!"",nteim en1eoPotrwbrid".·c..;.,._. .~·"""'_it.,vd. nl941
D.u
~;..
ok,
JoI--.
K riri>ch~isd>et
ube<
c...l
KomJn
l'rol"8' .. "" {f""""",
F""''''ift 1'"
.f,"
f __j~ r;,.,j
*""",,,,,
COP/i
.. OUc.;, •• voI. I.E.l.Pat.ar
LabiL. C&iro, l~
O',·i-;" MfirJot. ~. U_~,""F.... , Sp..d..
""I;Ii/""frW"""·
'" _ 11;1-0<. Shodi
V.
.e-.«_
,~,
l.',,,,,,,,1I da
(f;/i""'."" 1lM~.....).
Zuneh.,9li3 Dil>
r.:"",," T ..,,,o,,,,.., ~
I'.dJ . Mu,!.d Mah"'""., 01
E!N"', ..
Pki""-. HNI". n.
J~E)l·il~.b~~.'ei;~~~~~ •.
,....ri..
=-
by Ha",
Dodd.C.H.T.. /.... -r,."F_U.GI. 'ilCt.-.o qj)-p' ~n c -lI",,,-,ft.,l.Il. ,.Hefi.LcipzW. '938. f.II",,,",,, frio
l<'""!;~·it~:i:z~~~.d,~lt~t~~~.~l<S Pu«h,
Pbilippi
Funk: n .;;';':;·
GioI.
"'--r'_.t''''''''''""Tu_'"""~",,TJ...l.v· New Yoti. ."d£Vl'nston • •!J66, ~.D<ew-. 'Dil,...l t;.sci".... n-J. ..,... .. R.Jo!fIIwL_ ..... 80. r"t..u..,.
Dit _Iis<"'"
T~l.oin!r'n.
[<14.
&Jp;ftZ. fA! W. I,.,.. TiII.Teot< un,uT,60.ileTlln. [955.
~ L Ld,ri"I"'t..n
::~oI::~~:_::~~:~~::=~::~::::: ·Not<.ot1Gnooi~·
VC",."",." , 1957
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