Plastics Additives

PLASTICS ADDITIVES AN INDUSTRIAL GUIDE Third Edition Volume III

by

Ernest W. Flick

np

NOYES PUBLICATIONS WILLIAM ANDREW PUBLISHING Norwich, New York, U.S.A.

Copyright © 2002 by William Andrew Publishing No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2001088672 ISBN: O-8155-1470-0 Printed in the United States Published in the United States of America by Noyes Publications / William Andrew Publishing 13 Eaton Avenue Norwich, New York, 13815. 1-800-932-7045 www.williamandrew.com www.knovel.com

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Flick, Ernest W. Plastics additives: an industrial guide / by Ernest W. Flick. -3rd ed. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN O-8155-1470-0 1. Plastics--Additives. I. Title. TPl142.F58 2002 668.4’11 --dc20 00-108117 CIP ISBN: 0-8155-1464-6 (V.1) ISBN: 0-8155-1472-7 (V.2) ISBN: 0-8155-1470-0 (V.3)

NOTICE To the best of our knowledge the information in this publication is accurate; however, the Publisher does not assume any responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of, or consequences arising from, such information. This industrial guide does not purport to contain detailed user instructions, and by its range and scope could not possibly do so. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the Publisher. In some cases plastics additives could be toxic, and therefore due caution should be exercised. Final determination of the suitability of any information or product for use contemplated by any user, and the manner of that use, is the sole responsibility of the user. We strongly recommend that users seek and adhere to a manufacturer’s or supplier’s current instructions for handling each material they use. The Author and Publisher have used their best efforts to include only the most recent data available. The reader is cautioned to consult the supplier in case of questions regarding current availability.

To Wil and Marilyn

Preface

The Third Edition of this useful book is divided into three volumes. Volume II describes almost 1,400 plastics additives which are currently available to industry. It is the result of information received from 74 industrial companies and other organizations. The data represents selections from manufacturers’ descriptions made at no cost to, nor influence from, the makers or distributors of these materials. Only the most recent information has been included. It is believed that all of the products listed here are currently available, which will be of utmost interest to readers concerned with product discontinuances. Plastics additives, a complex and growing group of minerals and chemical derivatives, account for 15 to 20% by weight of the total volume of plastic products marketed. They are produced by a large number of companies for a wide variety of customers and needs. Growth of the use of these additives, which impart one or more desirable properties to resins, is relatively strong, about 3.5 to 4% per year. Environmental constraints, however, have imposed rigorous performance requirements on many products, thus placing added expenses on the development costs of these materials. Plastics additives are divided into logical sections in three volumes. Volume I: I. Adhesion Promoters II. Anti-Fogging Agents

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viii 2HAB=?A III. Antioxidants IV. Anti-Static Agents V. Antibacterials/Fungicides/Mildewcides VI. Bonding, Blowing and Foaming Agents VII. Dispersants VIII. Fillers and Extenders IX. Fire and Flame Retardants/Smoke Suppressants Volume II: X. Impact Modifiers XI. Initiators XII. Lubricants XIII. Micas XIV. Pigments, Colorants, and Dyes XV. Plasticizers and Esters XVI. Processing Aids XVII. Release Agents XVIII. Silanes, Titanates, and Zirconates XIX. Slip and Anti-Blocking Agents Volume III: XX. Stabilizers XXI. Stearates XXII. UV Absorbers XXIII. Viscosity Regulators XXIV. Waxes XXV. Miscellaneous and Multipurpose Compounds The Table of Contents of each volume is organized to also serve as a subject index. Each raw material is located in the section which is most applicable. The reader seeking a specific raw material should check each section which could possibly apply. In addition to the

JMR- 19-Mar-01

2HAB=?Aix above, two further sections are included in each volume: a list of Suppliers’ Addresses and a Trade Name Index. These will be extremely helpful to the reader. The following information is supplied for each product, as available, in the manufacturer’s own words: Company name and product category. Trade names and product numbers. Product description: a description of the product’s main features, as described by the supplier. The three volumes of this book will be of value to technical and managerial personnel involved in the preparation of products made with these plastics additives as well as to the suppliers of the basic raw materials. My fullest appreciation is expressed to the companies and organizations who supplied the data included in this book. March, 2001

Ernest W. Flick

JMR

19-Mar-01

Contents and Subject Index SECTION XX: STABILIZERS Akcros Chemicals America: ...................................................................................... 2 Additives for Rigid PVC Applications .................................................................2 Stabilizers for Flexible Vinyl .................................................................................5 AKCROS’ ABC Line-Foam Stabilizer/Activators .....................................5 Calcium Zinc Based Stabilizers .....................................................................6 Chelators and Auxiliaries ................................................................................7 Metal Soap Based Stabilizers .........................................................................8 Baerlocher U.S.A.: ......................................................................................................10 BAEROSTAB Organotin Stabilizers: ................................................................10 Organotin Carboxylates .................................................................................10 Organotin Mercaptides...................................................................................12 Organotin Mercaptide/Carboxylates............................................................17 Lead Stabilizers ..................................................................................................... 19 Lead Commodities..........................................................................................19 Characteristics of Commodity Modifications............................................20 Ciba Specialty Chemicals: ........................................................................................24 Additives for Polyolefins:.....................................................................................24 Antioxidants (AO) & Processing Stabilizers .............................................24 Antioxidants (AO) & Processing Stabilizer Blends..................................27 Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers (HALS)................................................29 Phenol-Free Stabilizers ..................................................................................31 Products for Recycling...................................................................................32 Light Stabilizers for Polyolefins ..........................................................................33 Light Stabilizer Systems ........................................................................................35 Fairmount Chemical Co., Inc ...................................................................................36 MIXXIM CD-12 Metal Deactivator....................................................................36 Ferro Corp.....................................................................................................................37 FERRO UV-CHEK Light Stabilizers for Polymers .........................................37 THERM-CHEK Heat Stabilizers .........................................................................40 Halstab............................................................................................................................48 Non-Lead Stabilizers..............................................................................................48 Powdered Lead Stabilizers ....................................................................................50 Rhein Chemie Corp. ....................................................................................................53 xi

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Contents

STABAXOL Antihydrolysis Agents...................................................................53 Product Selection and Market Overview Guide ........................................53 Rohm and Haas Co/Morton International ...........................................................58 Product Application Overview.............................................................................58 3V Inc..............................................................................................................................62 Antioxidants: ALVINOX/ ALVIPACK .............................................................62

SECTION XXI: STEARATES Baerlocher U.S.A. ........................................................................................................64 Aluminum Soaps.....................................................................................................64 Calcium Soaps.........................................................................................................65 Magnesium Soaps...................................................................................................66 Zinc Soaps................................................................................................................67 H.L. Blachford Ltd......................................................................................................69 Metallic Stearates....................................................................................................69 Metallic Soaps and Stabilizers..............................................................................72 Ferro Corp.....................................................................................................................73 Metallic Stearates....................................................................................................73

SECTION XXII: UV ABSORBERS Ciba Specialty Chemicals ..........................................................................................78 Additives for Polyolefins.......................................................................................78 UV Absorbers (UVA)....................................................................................78 Cytec Industries Inc. ...................................................................................................79 CYASORB UV Absorbers and Light Stabilizers..............................................79 Everlight USA Inc. ......................................................................................................82 EVERSORB 71 UV Absorber..............................................................................82 EVERSORB 73 UV Absorber..............................................................................83 EVERSORB 74 UV Absorber..............................................................................84 EVERSORB 75 UV Absorber..............................................................................85 EVERSORB 90 UV Stabilizer for Polymers .....................................................86 EVERSORB 91 Light Stabilizer for Polymers ..................................................87 Fairmount Chemical Co. Inc. ...................................................................................88 MIXXIM BB/100 UV Light Absorber...............................................................88 MIXXIM BB/200 UV Light Absorber...............................................................89

Contents

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MIXXIM PB-30 UV Stabilizer ............................................................................90 Great Lakes Chemical Corp.....................................................................................91 Ultraviolet Stabilizers.............................................................................................91 Harwick Standard Distribution Corp....................................................................93 STANLIGHT UV Absorbers................................................................................93 3V Inc..............................................................................................................................94 UVASORB Light Stabilizers ................................................................................94 Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers (HALS)................................................94 U.V. Absorbers................................................................................................96

SECTION XXIII: VISCOSITY REGULATORS Degussa...........................................................................................................................98 AEROSIL for PVC Plastisols ...............................................................................98

SECTION XXIV: WAXES CasChem, Inc..............................................................................................................100 PARICIN 220 Fatty Acid Amide...................................................................... 100 Ferro Corp...................................................................................................................101 PETRAC Waxes, Wax Blends, and GMS....................................................... 101 Genesee Polymers Corp. ..........................................................................................102 Silicone Waxes ..................................................................................................... 102 Frank B. Ross Co., Inc.: ...........................................................................................104 Microcrystalline Wax.......................................................................................... 104 Montan Wax ......................................................................................................... 105 ROSS Wax #100: Fischer-Tropsch Wax......................................................... 106 ROSS Wax No. 130, No. 145, No. 165 ........................................................... 107 Ross Wax 140: Synthetic High Melting Point Wax: Powdered ................. 108 Ross Wax 160: Synthetic High Melting Point Wax: Powdered .................. 109

SECTION XXV: MISCELLANEOUS & MULTIPURPOSE COMPOUNDS Claude Bamberger Molding Compounds Corp. ...............................................111 BAMBERKO ULTIMAX Purging Compound.............................................. 111

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Contents

Buckman Laboratories, Inc. ...................................................................................112 Successful Applications of BUSAN 11-M1 in Plastic and Rubber Compounds ........................................................................................................... 112 BYK-Chemie USA.....................................................................................................113 Air Release Additives for PVC Plastisols ..................................................... 113 Air Release Additives for Ambient Cure Polyester Resins.......................... 114 Air Release Additive/Agents ............................................................................. 115 Chemax, Inc. ...............................................................................................................116 CHEMSTAT Compounds.................................................................................. 116 Danisco Cultor USA, Inc. ........................................................................................119 Products and Applications.................................................................................. 119 Recommended Glycerol Ester Based Additives for Polyolefins................. 121 Dyneon..........................................................................................................................123 DYNAMAR Polymer Processing Additives................................................... 123 Paratherm Corp.........................................................................................................124 PARATHERM NF Heat Transfer Fluid .......................................................... 124 Rhein Chemie Corp. ..................................................................................................125 Product Selection and Market Overview Guide for Catalysts ..................... 125 Product Selection and Market Overview Guide for Combustion Modifiers ......................................................................................................................127 Product Selection and Market Overview Guide for Crosslinkers/Curatives ........................................................................................128 Product Selection and Market Overview Guide for Dispersants/Stabilizers ........................................................................................129 Product Selection and Market Overview Guide for Flushing Agents ........ 130 Product Selection and Market Overview Guide for Silicone Surfactants.. 132 Miscellaneous Products ...................................................................................... 133 Specialty Products Co...............................................................................................134 STYRID Styrene Suppressant Additive........................................................... 134 Stepan Co. ....................................................................................................................135 DREWPLAST 051 .............................................................................................. 135 DREWPLAST 154 DEA Alkanolamide.......................................................... 136 UOP ...............................................................................................................................137 UNILI NK,Diamines ............................................................................................ 137 UNILINK 4200 Diamine.................................................................................... 139 TRADE NAME INDEX ...........................................................................................140 SUPPLIERS’ ADDRESS.........................................................................................143

Stabilizers 1

Section XX Stabilizers

2

Plastics Additives

Akcros Chemicals America: Additives for Rigid PVC Applications: General Purpose Stabilizers: T-4654: Weather Ability: Excellent Color Hold, Term Stability, Clarity, Flexible PVC, Plastisols: Recommended Odor, Lubricity: Good

T-4791: Color Hold, Rigid Foam: Excellent Term Stability: Recommended Clarity, Weather Ability, Flexible PVC, Odor, Lubricity, Plastisols: Good

T-4905: Term Stability, Clarity, Weather Ability, Flexible PVC: Excellent Odor: Recommended Color Hold, Lubricity, Plastisols: Good

T-5003: Color Hold, Term Stability, Weather Ability, Lubricity: Excellent Clarity, Flexible PVC, Odor: Good

T-5005: Odor, Lubricity, Rigid Foam: Excellent Color Hold, Term Stability, Clarity, Weather Ability, Flexible PVC: Good

T-5007: Color Hold, Lubricity: Excellent Term Stability, Weather Ability: Recommended Clarity, Flexible PVC, Odor: Good

T-5063: Color Hold, Term Stability, Clarity, Weather Ability, Odor: Excellent Flexible PVC: Recommended Lubricity, Plastisols: Good

T-5095: Color Hold, Clarity, Odor: Excellent Term Stability, Weather Ability, Flexible PVC: Recommended Lubricity: Good

T-5160: Color Hold, Term Stability, Weather Ability, Lubricity: Excellent Odor: Good

Stabilizers 3

Akcros Chemicals America: Additives for Rigid PVC Applications (Continued): General Purpose Stabilizers (Continued): T-5172: Color Hold, Term Stability, Weather Ability: Excellent Lubricity: Recommended Odor: Good

T-5178: Color Hold, Term Stability, Weather Ability, Lubricity: Excellent Odor: Good

T-7020: Color Hold, Clarity, Weather Ability, Odor: Excellent Term Stability, Lubricity: Recommended

Food Grade Applications: T-883: Color Hold, Term Stability, Clarity, Weather Ability, Odor: Excellent Lubricity: Recommended

T-885: Color Hold, Term Stability, Clarity, Weather Ability, Odor: Excellent Lubricity: Recommended

T-7021: Color Hold, Term Stability, Clarity, Weather Ability, Odor: Excellent Lubricity: Recommended

4

Plastics Additives

Akcros Chemicals America: Additives for Rigid PVC Applications (Continued): Specialty Applications: T-186: Term Stability, Weather Ability, Flexible PVC, Plastisols: Excellent Color Hold, Clarity, Odor: Recommended Lubricity: Good

T-876: Weather Ability, Flexible PVC, Plastisols: Excellent Color Hold, Term Stability, Clarity, Odor: Recommended Lubricity: Good

T-876A: Weather Ability, Flexible PVC, Plastisols: Excellent Color Hold, Term Stability, Clarity, Odor: Recommended Lubricity: Good

T-878M: Color Hold, Clarity, Weather Ability, Flexible PVC, Plastisols: Excellent Term Stability, Odor: Recommended Lubricity: Good

T-5507A: Weather Ability: Excellent Color Hold, Term Stability, Clarity, Flexible PVC, Odor, Lubricity, Plastisols: Recommended

TL: Lubricity, Plastisols: Excellent Color Hold, Term Stability, Clarity, Weather Ability, Flexible PVC, Odor: Recommended

Stabilizers 5

Akcros Chemicals America: Stabilizers for Flexible Vinyl: AKCROS’ ABC Line-Foam Stabilizer/Activators: Akcros stabilizer/activators have been formulated to provide controlled, uniform gas evolution for the production of PVC foams utilizing azodicarbonamide as the blowing agent. The ABC series of blowing agent catalysts are primary materials and act as both heat stabilizers and gas generation activators. No secondary stabilizer is normally required. Thus, with the availability of such blowing agent catalysts, the use range of azodicarbonamide is extended to a significant degree.

ABC-1: Decomposition Range: 340 to 360F Activity Rate: High

ABC-2: Decomposition Range: 330 to 350F Activity Rate: High

ABC-6*: Decomposition Range: 390 to 400F Activity Rate: Low

ABC-7: Decomposition Range: 390 to 410F Activity Rate: Low

ABC-18: Decomposition Range: 340 to 360F Activity Rate: Medium

ABC-4810: Decomposition Range: 330 to 350F Activity Rate: High · ·

*Note: ABC-6 functions as a stabilizer/de-activator resulting in a controlled blow with very fine cell structure.

6

Plastics Additives

Akcros Chemicals America: Stabilizers for Flexible Vinyl: Calcium Zinc Based Stabilizers: General Purpose: LT-2001M: Heat Stability, Printability, Plastisol: Excellent Lubricity, Clarity, Extrusion/Inj.Mldg., Calendering: Good

LT-4468: Plastisol: Excellent Printability: Recommended Heat Stability, Clarity: Good

CAZ-4842: Heat Stability, Plastisol: Excellent Clarity: Good

CAZ-4949: Heat Stability: Excellent Lubricity, Low-odor/Volatility, Extrusion/Inj.Mldg., Calendering: Recommended

Food Contact: CZ-11D: Foam Activation, Extrusion/Inj.Mldg., Calendering, Plastisol: Recommended Heat Stability, Lubricity, Clarity: Good

CZ-19A: Heat Stability, Lubricity, Foam Activation, Extrusion/Inj.Mldg., Calendering: Recommended Clarity: Good

CZL-717: Clarity, Plastisol: Excellent Heat Stability, Low Plateout, Printability: Recommended Foam Activation, Calendering: Good

CZL-720: Clarity, Plastisol: Excellent Printability: Recommended Heat Stability, Low Plateout, Foam Activation: Good

CZL-720A: Clarity, Plastisol: Excellent Heat Stability, Printability: Recommended Low Plateout, Foam Activation, Extrusion/Inj.Mldg., Calendering: Good

Stabilizers 7

Akros Chemicals America: Stabilizers for Flexible Vinyl: Chelators and Auxiliaries:

CH-55 (FDA): Printability, Extrusion/Inj.Mldg., Calendering, Plastisol: Recommended Heat Stability, Clarity: Good

CH-301: Printability: Excellent Heat Stability, Extrusion/Inj.Mldg., Calendering: Recommended Clarity, Plastisol: Good

P-2307*: Heat Stability, Clarity, Extrusion/Inj.Mldg., Calendering, Plastisol: Recommended Low-odor/Volatility, Printability: Good

SA-5038: Printability: Excellent Heat Stability, Foam Activation, Extrusion/Inj.Mldg., Calendering: Recommended

Ca Stearate: Heat Stability, Lubricity: Excellent Low-odor/Volatility, Extrusion/Inj.Mldg., Calendering: Recommended Printability: Good

Zn Stearate: Lubricity: Excellent Low-odor/Volatility, Foam Activation, Extrusion/Inj.Mldg., Calendering: Recommended Heat Stability, Clarity, Printability: Good *Note: PLASTOFLEX 2307 is a high-quality epoxidized soy bean oil with a minimum oxirane content of 6.8%.

8

Plastics Additives

Akcros Chemicals America: Stabilizers for Flexible Vinyl: Metal Soap Based Stabilizers: Barium Cadmium Based Stabilizers: BC-103A: Heat Stability, Clarity, Foam Activation, Extrusion/Inj. Mldg., Calendering, Plastisol: Recommended Printability: Good

BC-103L: Heat Stability, Extrusion/Inj. Mldg., Calendering: Recommended Lubricity, Clarity, Printability, Plastisol: Good

BC-111: Extrusion/Inj.Mldg., Calendering: Recommended Heat Stability, Clarity, Printability, Plastisol: Good

BC-4746S: Heat Stability, Printability, Extrusion/Inj. Mldg., Calendering: Excellent Lubricity, Clarity, Low Plateout: Recommended Low-odor/Volatility: Good

BC-4962: Heat Stability, Lubricity, Extrusion/Inj. Mldg., Calendering: Excellent

Barium Zinc Based Stabilizers: LT-4797: Heat Stability, Low Plateout, Printability: Recommended Clarity, Low Fog, Extrusion/Inj.Mldg., Calendering, Plastisol: Good

LT-4798: Heat Stability, Clarity, Low Plateout, Extrusion/Inj.Mldg., Plastisol: Recommended Lubricity, Foam Activation, Calendering: Good

LT-4813: Heat Stability, Low Plateout, Printability, Calendering: Excellent Lubricity, Clarity, Foam Activation, Extrusion/Inj. Mldg.: Recommended

BZ-4903M: Heat Stability, Extrusion/Inj. Mldg., Calendering: Recommended Lubricity, Clarity: Good

BZ-4929: Heat Stability, Foam Activation: Excellent Extrusion/Inj.Mldg., Calendering: Recommended Printability: Good

Stabilizers 9

Akcros Chemicals America: Stabilizers for Flexible Vinyl: Metal Soap Based Stabilizers (Continued): Barium Zinc Based Stabilizers (Continued): BZ-4946: Clarity: Excellent Heat Stability, Low Plateout, Printability, Extrusion/Inj. Mldg., Calendering: Recommended Lubricity: Good

BZ-4951: Heat Stability, Lubricity, Calendering: Excellent Low-odor/Volatility, Extrusion/Inj. Mldg.: Recommended

BZ-4975: Low-odor/Volatility: Excellent Heat Stability, Extrusion/Inj.Mldg.: Recommended Lubricity, Clarity: Good

BZ-4996: Clarity: Excellent Heat Stability, Extrusion/Inj.Mldg., Calendering: Recommended Lubricity, Low Plateout: Good

BZ-5023: Low-odor/Volatility, Low Fog: Excellent Heat Stability, Extrusion/Inj.Mldg.: Recommended Low Plateout: Good

BZ-5043: Heat Stability, Clarity, Extrusion/Inj.Mldg., Calendering: Excellent Low Plateout, Printability: Excellent Lubricity: Good

BZ-5046: Low Fog: Excellent Heat Stability, Extrusion/Inj.Mldg., Calendering: Recommended

BZ-4922: Heat Stability, Lubricity, Low-odor/Volatiliy: Excellent Low Fog, Foam Activation: Recommended

Barium Zinc ESO Blends: LT-4801: Plastisol: Recommended Heat Stability, Clarity, Printability, Extrusion/Inj.Mldg., Calendering: Good

LT-4803: Heat Stability, Clarity, Extrusion/Inj.Mldg., Calendering, Plastisol: Recommended Printability, Foam Activation: Good

BZ-4864: Printability, Calendering: Recommended Heat Stability, Clarity, Low Plateout, Extrusion/Inj.Mldg.: Good

10

Plastics Additives

Baerlocher U.S.A.: BAEROSTAB Organotin Stabilizers: Organotin Carboxylates:

Butyl: DBTL/C: Fields: Plastisol Properties: Transparent, Weather resistant, Low odor, Phenol-free, Limited self-lubrication, Very good initial color, Stabilizing E-PVC Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 70 Color Gardner (max.): 3 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.05

M 15: Fields: Plastisol Properties: Transparent, Weather resistant, Low odor, Phenol-free, Limited self-lubrication, Very good initial color, Stabilizing E-PVC Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 130 Color Gardner (max.): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.08

MS: Fields: Extrusion, Blown Films, Rigid PVC: Technical, Semi-rigid PVC, Flexible PVC Properties: Transparent, Weather resistant, Low odor, Phenol-free, No self-lubrication, Very good initial color, Low fogging, Stabilizing E-PVC, High Vicat temperature Powder Color Gardner (max.): White Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.50

MSL: Fields: Extrusion, Rigid PVC: Technical Properties: Transparent, Weather resistant, Low odor, Phenol-free, No self-lubrication, Very good initial color, Stabilizing E-PVC Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 800 Color Gardner (max.): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.34

Stabilizers 11

Baerlocher U.S.A.: BAEROSTAB Organotin Stabilizers: Organotin Carboxylates (Continued): Butyl (Continued): MSQ/N: Fields: Extrusion, Blown Films, Rigid PVC: Technical, Semi-rigid PVC Properties: Transparent, Weather resistant, Low odor, Phenol-free, No self-lubrication, Very good initial color, Stabilizing E-PVC Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 400 Color Gardner (max.): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.22

MST: Fields: Plastisol Properties: Transparent, Weather resistant, Low odor, Phenol-free, No self-lubrication, Very good initial color, Stabilizing E-PVC Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 300 Color Gardner (max.): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.15

Octyl: MSO: Fields: Blown Films, Rigid PVC: Nontox Properties: Transparent, Weather resistant, Low odor, Phenol-free, No self-lubrication, Very good initial color, Low fogging, High Vicat temperature Powder Color Gardner (max.): White Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.23

MSO/L: Fields: Blown Films, Rigid PVC: Nontox Properties: Transparent, Weather resistant, Low odor, Phenol-free, No self-lubrication, Very good initial color Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 300 Color Gardner (max.): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.18

12

Plastics Additives

Baerlocher U.S.A.: BAEROSTAB Organotin Stabilizers: Organotin Mercaptides: Butyl: M21-50 Fields: Extrusion, Blown Films, Injection/Blow Molding, Flexible PVC, Plastisol Properties: Transparent, Low odor, No self-lubrication, Very good initial color, Very good color hold Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 50 Color Gardner (max.): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 0.99

M-25: Fields: Calendering, Extrusion, Blown Films, Injection/Blow Molding, Rigid PVC: Technical, Semi-rigid PVC, Flexible PVC Properties: Transparent, Phenol-free, No self-lubrication, Very good initial color, Very good color hold, Very good long term stability, Stabilizing E-PVC Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 90 Color Gardner (max.): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.13

M 25 S: Fields: Calendering, Extrusion, Blown Films, Injection/Blow Molding, Rigid PVC: Technical: Semi-rigid PVC, Flexible PVC, Plastisol Properties: Transparent, Low odor, Phenol-free, No self-lubrication, Very good initial color, Very good color hold, Very good long term stability, Low fogging, Stabilizing E-PVC Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 90 Color Gardner (max.): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.13

M 25-85: Fields: Calendering, Extrusion, Rigid PVC: Technical, Semi-rigid PVC Properties: Transparent, Phenol-free, Limited self-lubrication, Very good initial color, Very good color hold Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 80 Color Gardner (max.): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.08

Stabilizers 13

Baerlocher U.S.A.: BAEROSTAB Organotin Stabilizers: Organotin Mercaptides (Continued): Butyl (Continued): M 26 SF: Fields: Calendering, Extrusion, Rigid PVC: Technical, Semi-rigid PVC Properties: Transparent, Phenol-free, No self-lubrication, Very good initial color, Very good color hold, Very good long term stability Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 100 Color Gardner (Max.): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.14

M 170: Fields: Calendering, Extrusion, Blown Films, Injection/Blow Molding, Rigid PVC: Technical, Semi-rigid PVC, Flexible PVC Properties: Transparent, Phenol-free, Limited self-lubrication, Very good initial color, Very good color hold, Very good long term stability, Stabilizing E-PVC Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 80 Color Gardner (Max.): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.10

M-260: Fields: Plastisol Properties: Transparent, No self-lubrication, Very good initial color, (Very good color hold, Stabilizing E-PVC) Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 250 Color Gardner (Max.): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.12

M 69: Fields: Semi-rigid PVC, Flexible PVC, Plastisol Properties: Transparent, Phenol-free, No self-lubrication, Very good initial color, Very good color hold, Stabilizing E-PVC Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 150 Color Gardner (max.): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.06

M 69 S: Fields: Semi-rigid PVC, Flexible PVC, Plastisol Properties: Transparent, Low odor, Phenol-free, No-self lubrication, Very good initial color, Very good color hold, Stabilizing E-PVC Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 150 Color Gardner (max.): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.06

14

Plastics Additives

Baerlocher U.S.A.: BAEROSTAB Organotin Stabilizers: Organotin Mercaptides (Continued): Butyl (Continued): M 70: Fields: Calendering, Extrusion, Blown Films, Flexible PVC, Plastisol Properties: Transparent, Phenol-free, No self-lubrication, Very good initial color, Very good color hold, Stabilizing E-PVC Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 100 Color Gardner (max.): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.01

M 71: Fields: Extrusion, Injection Blow Molding, Rigid PVC: Technical, Semi-rigid PVC Properties: Transparent, Limited self-lubrication, Very good initial color, Very good color hold Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 100 Color Gardner (max.): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.10

X-AB 7: Fields: Calendering, Blown Films, Rigid PVC: Technical, Semi-rigid PVC, Flexible PVC Properties: Transparent, Phenol free, Limited self-lubrication, Very good initial color, Very good color hold, Very good long term stability Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 110 Color Gardner (max.): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.12

Stabilizers 15

Baerlocher U.S.A.: BAEROSTAB Organotin Stabilizers: Organotin Mercaptides (Continued): Octyl: OM 510 S: Fields: Calendering, Extrusion, Blown Films, Injection/Blow Molding, Rigid PVC: Nontox, Properties: Transparent, Low odor, Phenol-free, No self-lubrication, Very good initial color, Very good color hold, Very good long term stability, Stabilizing E-PVC Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 150 Color Gardner (max.): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.11

OM 700: Fields: Calendering, Extrusion, Blown Films, Injection/Blow Molding, Rigid PVC: Nontox Properties: Transparent, Phenol-free, No self-lubrication, Very good initial color, Very good color hold, Very good long term stability, Stabilizing E-PVC Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 110 Color Gardner (max.): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.10

OM 700 S: Fields: Calendering, Extrusion, Blown Films, Injection/Blow Molding, Rigid PVC: Nontox Properties: Transparent, Low odor, Phenol-free, No self-lubrication, Very good initial color, Very good color hold, Very good long term stability, Stabilizing E-PVC Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 110 Color Gardner (max.): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.10

OM 710: Fields: Calendering, Extrusion, Blown Films, Injection/Blow Molding, Rigid PVC: Nontox Properties: Transparent, Phenol-free, No self-lubrication, Very good initial color, Very good color hold, Very good long stability, Stabilizing E-PVC Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 130 Color Gardner (max.): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.11

16

Plastics Additives

Baerlocher U.S.A.: BAEROSTAB Organotin Stabilizers: Organotin Mercaptides (Continued): Octyl (Continued): OM 710 D: Fields: Calendering, Extrusion, Blown Films, Injection/Blow Molding, Rigid PVC: Nontox Properties: Transparent, Phenol-free, No self-lubrication, Very good initial color, Very good color hold, Very good long term stability, Stabilizing E-PVC Viscosity at 20C (MPa.s): 120 Color Gardner (Max.): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.10

OM 710 N: Fields: Calendering, Extrusion, Blown Films, Injection/Blow Molding, Rigid PVC: Nontox Properties: Transparent, Phenol-free, No self-lubrication, Very good initial color, Very good color hold, Very good long term stability, Stabilizing E-PVC Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 130 Color Gardner (max.): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.09

OM 710 S: Fields: Calendering, Extrusion, Blown Films, Injection/Blow Molding, Rigid PVC: Nontox Properties: Transparent, Low odor, Phenol-free, No self-lubrication, Very good initial color, Very good color hold, Very good long term stability, Stabilizing E-PVC Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 130 Color Gardner (max.): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.11

OM 1000: Fields: Calendering, Rigid PVC: Nontox Properties: Transparent, Phenol-free, Good self-lubrication, Very good initial color, Very good color hold Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 400 Color Gardner (max.): 6 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.00

Stabilizers 17

Baerlocher U.S.A.: BAEROSTAB Organotin Stabilizers: Organotin Mercaptide/Carboxylates: Butyl: M 25-32: Fields: Extrusion, Flexible PVC, Plastisol Properties: Transparent, Weather resistant, Phenol-free, No selflubrication, Very good initial color, Very good color hold, Stabilizing E-PVC Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 200 Color Gardner (max): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.09

M 36: Fields: Calendering, Extrusion, Blown Films, Injection/Blow Molding, Rigid PVC: Technical, Semi-rigid PVC Properties: Transparent, Phenol-free, No self-lubrication, Very good initial color, Very good color hold, Very good long term stability, Low fogging, Stabilizing E-PVC, High Vicat temperature Powder Color: White Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.49

M 62: Fields: Plastisol Properties: Transparent, Weather resistant, Phenol-free, No selflubrication, Very good initial color, very good color hold, Kicking activity, Stabilizing E-PVC Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 280 Color Gardner (max.): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.15

M 62 A: Fields: Plastisol Properties: Transparent, Weather resistant, Phenol-free, No selflubrication, Very good initial color, Very good color hold, Kicking activity, Stabilizing E-PVC Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 200 Color Gardner (Max.): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.15

18

Plastics Additives

Baerlocher U.S.A.: BAEROSTAB Organotin Stabilizers: Organotin Mercaptide/Carboxylates (Continued): Butyl (Continued): M 63: Fields: Extrusion, Rigid PVC: Technical Properties: Weather resistant, Phenol-free, Good self-lubrication, Very good initial color, Very good color hold Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 130 Color Gardner (max.): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.07

M 90: Fields: Plastisol Properties: Transparent, Weather resistant, Phenol-free, No selflubrication, Very good initial color, Very good color hold, Very good long term stability, Kicking activity, Stabilizing E-PVC Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 110 Color Gardner (Max.): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.16

MST/M 260: Fields: Plastisol Properties: Transparent, Weather resistant, No self-lubrication, Very good initial color, Very good color hold, Very good long term stability Viscosity at 20C (mPa.s): 300 Color Gardner (max.): 2 Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.14

Octyl: OM 36: Fields: Calendering, Extrusion, Blown Films, Injection/Blow Molding, Rigid PVC: Technical, Semi-rigid PVC Properties: Transparent, Low odor, Phenol-free, No self-lubrication, Very good initial color, Very good color hold, Very good long term stability, Low fogging, Stabilizing E-PVC, High Vicat temperature Powder Color: White Density at 20C (g/cm3): 1.28

Stabilizers 19

Baerlocher U.S.A.: Lead Stabilizers: Lead Commodities: BAROSTAB V 220 MC: Chemical basic: Tribasic lead sulphate Residue on ignition (%): 96.0-98.0 Lead content (%): 81.0-83.0 Moisture (%): max. 0.2 Density (g/cm3): 6.6

Barostab V 420 MC: Chemical basic: tetrabasic lead sulphate Residue on ignition (%): 97.0-99.0 Lead content (%): 82.0-84.0 Moisture (%): max. 0.2 Density (g/cm3): 7.2

PEBETAL: Chemical basic: dibasic lead phthalate Residue on ignition (%): 78.5-80.5 Lead content (%): 74.0-76.0 Moisture (%): max. 0.2 Density (g/cm3): 4.5

Barostab Pb 51 S: Chemical basic: dibasic lead stearate Residue on ignition (%): 54.5-56.5 Lead content (%): 50.0-52.0 Moisture (%): max. 0.2 Density (g/cm3): 2.0

Barostab Pb 28 F: Chemical basic: neutral lead stearate Residue on ignition (%): 28.5-30.5 Lead content (%): 27.0-29.0 Moisture (%): max. 1.0 Density (g/cm3): 1.4

PEBEFOS FP: Chemical basic: dibasic lead phosphite Residue on ignition (%): 97.9-99.9 Lead content (%): 81.0-83.0 Moisture (%): max. 0.8 Density (g/cm3): 7.0

PEBEFOS (SULFOFOS C): Chemical basic: dibasic lead phosphite/sulphite Residue on ignition (%): 97.9-99.9 Lead content (%): 81.0-83.0 Moisture (%): max. 0.8 Density (g/cm3): 6.1

20

Plastics Additives

Baerlocher U.S.A.: Lead Stabilizers: Characteristics of Commodity Modifications: Basis BAROSTAB V 220 MC: BAROSTAB E 500: Residue on ignition (%): 83.1-87.1 Lead content (%): 72.0-76.0 Density (g/cm3): 3.8

Barostab TX 500: Residue on ignition (%): 79.5-82.5 Lead content (%): 66.5-69.5 Density (g/cm3): 3.3

Barostab SMS 500: Residue on ignition (%): 80.6-83.6 Lead content (%): 66.5-69.5 Density (g/cm3): 3.3

Barostab V 220 MC/DOP: Residue on ignition (%): 93.0-96.0 Lead content (%): 78.0-81.0 Density (g/cm3): 5.6

Barostab V 220 MC/DIDP: Residue on ignition (%): 93.0-96.0 Lead content (%): 78.0-81.0 Density (g/cm3): 5.6

Barostab V 220 TM: Residue on ignition (%): 93.0-96.0 Lead content (%): 78.0-81.0 Density (g/cm3): 5.6

Barostab V 220 MC/B: Residue on ignition (%): 93.0-96.0 Lead content (%): 78.0-81.0 Density (g/cm3): 5.8

Barostab V 220 MC/DIS: Residue on ignition (%): 92.0-95.0 Lead content (%): 72.0-76.0 Density (g/cm3): 5.4

Barostab V 220 LD: Residue on ignition (%): 88.0-91.0 Lead content (%): 72.0-76.0 Density (g/cm3): 4.6

Barostab V 220 LTM: Residue on ignition (%): 86.0-89.0 Lead content (%): 70.0-73.0 Density (g/cm3): 4.1

Stabilizers 21

Baerlocher U.S.A.: Lead Stabilizers: Characteristics of Commodity Modifications (Continued): Basis BAROSTAB V 420 MC: Barostab V 420 MC-B/DOP: Residue on ignition (%): 90.0-93.0 Lead content (%): 76.0-79.0 Density (g/cm3): 5.2

Basis PEBETAL: Barostab E 503: Residue on ignition (%): 67.7-69.7 Lead content (%): 62.6-65.6 Density (g/cm3): 3.0

Pebetal B: Residue on ignition (%): 76.0-79.0 Lead content (%): 70.6-73.6 Density (g/cm3): 4.3

Pebetal-DOP: Residue on ignition (%): 76.0-79.0 Lead content (%): 70.6-73.6 Density (g/cm3): 4.1

Pebetal TM: Residue on ignition (%): 76.0-79.0 Lead content (%): 70.6-73.6 Density (g/cm3): 4.1

Pebetal LTM: Residue on ignition (%): 71.1-73.1 Lead content (%): 64.0-67.0 Density (g/cm3): 3.3

22

Plastics Additives

Baerlocher U.S.A.: Lead Stabilizers: Characteristics of Commodity Modifications (Continued): Basis BAROSTAB Pb 51 S: Barostab E 504: Residue on ignition (%): 49.0-52.0 Lead content (%): 44.5-47.5 Density (g/cm3): 1.8

BAROPAN Pb 51 S/ES: Residue on ignition (%): 51.8-54.8 Lead content (%): 45.0-47.0 Density (g/cm3): 1.9

Barostab Pb 51 S/DOP: Residue on ignition (%): 52.8-55.8 Lead content (%): 48.0-51.0 Density (g/cm3): 1.9

Barostab Pb 51 S/TM: Residue on ignition (%): 52.8-55.8 Lead content (%): 48.0-51.0 Density (g/cm3): 1.9

Basis Pb 28 F: Barostab Pb 28 AV: Residue on ignition (%): 28.4-30.4 Lead content (%): 27.0-29.0 Density (g/cm3): 1.4

Barostab TX Pb 28: Residue on ignition (%): 29.0-31.0 Lead content (%): 28.0-30.0 Density (g/cm3): 1.4

Stabilizers 23

Baerlocher U.S.A.: Lead Stabilizers: Characteristics of Commodity Modifications (Continued): Basis PEBEFOS FP: BAROSTAB E 502 FP: Residue on ignition (%): 87.3-90.3 Lead content (%): 73.0-76.0 Density (g/cm): 4.4

Pebefos FP/ND: Residue on ignition (%): 94.0-97.0 Lead content (%): 78.8-81.0 Density (g/cm3): 5.9

Pebefos XS: Residue on ignition (%): 78.0-81.0 Lead content (%): 64.5-67.5 Density (g/cm3): 3.2

Basis Pebefos: Barostab E 502: Residue on ignition (%): 88.2-91.2 Lead content (%): 73.0-76.0 Density (g/cm3): 4.0

Pebefos /ND: Residue on ignition (%): 95.0-98.0 Lead content (%): 78.0-81.0 Density (g/cm3): 5.3

Barostab SMS 502: Residue on ignition (%): 81.9-84.9 Lead content (%): 67.8-70.8 Density (g/cm3): 3.2

24

Plastics Additives

Ciba Specialty Chemicals: Additives for Polyolefins: Antioxidants (AO) & Processing Stabilizers: Primary Antioxidants: Irganox 1010: High molecular weight, phenolic AO with low volatility; extends long-term thermal stability (LTTS)

Irganox 1035: Phenolic AO for cross-linked or carbon black containing systems (i.e. cable compounds)

Irganox 1076: Highly compatible, low-color phenolic AO for PE; available in preferred product forms.

Irganox 1081: High performance, highly compatible AO for cross-linked PE (i.e. high voltage power cable)

Irganox 1330: Extraction resistant phenolic AO with low water carryover for film and tape

Irganox 1425 WL: Phenolic AO with high extraction resistance; polyethylene wax carrier

Irganox 3114: Highly effective, non-discoloring phenolic antioxidant, high extraction resistance

Irganox E 201: Vitamin E, a highly efficient phenolic AO with consumer appeal and excellent MF stability

Irganox E 217: Granular, dispersible solid with GRAS coaddditives for food and medical packaging

Irganox E 218: Low dust vitamin E blend with calcium stearate for food and medical packaging

Irganox MD 1024: High performance phenolic AO for applications requiring metal deactivation (Cu passivator)

Stabilizers 25

Ciba Specialty Chemicals: Additives for Polyolefins: Antioxidants (AO) & Processing Stabilizers (Continued): Primary Antioxidants (Continued): Irganox E 201: Vitamin E, a high efficiency phenolic AO with consumer appeal and excellent MF stability

Irganox E 217: Granular, dispersible solid with GRAS co-additives for food and medical packaging

Irganox E 218: Low dust vitamin E blend with calcium stearate for food and medical packaging

Irganox MD 1024: High performance phenolic AO for applications requiring metal deactivation (Cu passivator)

26

Plastics Additives

Ciba Specialty Chemicals: Additives for Polyolefins: Antioxidants (AO) & Processing Stabilizers (Continued): Secondary Antioxidants: Irgafos 168: Hydrolytically stable phosphite, synergy with primary AO's; maintains color properties

Irgafos 38: High performance, highly compatible phosphite with low melt viscosity

Irgafos P-EPQ: High performance, highly compatible phosphonite with low melt viscosity, offers low color

Irganox PS 800: Extends long-term thermal stability as a synergist for phenolic antioxidants

Irganox PS 802: Extends long-term thermal stability as a synergist for phenolic antioxidants

Stabilizers 27

Ciba Specialty Chemicals: Additives for Polyolefins: Antioxidants (AO) & Processing Stabilizer Blends: Irganox B 1411: Synergistic phenol/phosphite blend mainly for PP applications

Irganox B 1412: Synergistic phenol/phosphite blend with higher phosphite levels mainly for PP applications

Irganox B 215: Synergistic, convenient phenol/phosphite blend for a balance of stabilization requirements

Irganox B 220: Synergistic blend; high phosphite content for demanding processing conditions

Irganox B 225: Synergistic, convenient blend with high phenolic AO content; extends LTTS

Irganox B 311: Synergistic phenol/phosphite blend for low water carry-over

Irganox B 313: Synergistic blend with high phenolic content for increased LTTS, low water carry-over

Irganox B 501 W: Synergistic blend of phenol/phosphite for PP fiber

Irganox B 561: Synergistic phenol/phosphite blend for demanding processing conditions

Irganox B 900: Synergistic phenol/phosphite blend with high phosphite levels mainly for PE applications

Irganox B 921: Synergistic phenol/phosphite blend with high phosphite levels mainly for PE applications

Irganox HP 2215: High performance, cost-effective stabilizer system with added processing stability

Irganox HP 2225: High performance, cost-effective stabilizer system for PP and demanding PE applications

28

Plastics Additives

Ciba Specialty Chemicals: Additives for Polyolefins: Antioxidants (AO) & Processing Stabilizer Blends (Continued): IRGANOX HP 2251: High performance, cost-effective stabilizer; additional phenolic AO for LTTS

Irganox HP 2411: High performance, cost-effective stabilizer system primarily for molding applications and fibers

Irganox HP 2921: High performance, cost-effective stabilizer system for demanding PE applications

Irganox XP 420: Highly efficient system for PE applications requiring melt flow control and low color

Irganox XP 490: Highly efficient processing stabilization; highly compatible with LLDPE and with low color

Irganox XP 620: Highly efficient stabilization for PP and HDPE for improved melt flow and color properties

Irganox XP 621: Highly efficient stabilization for PP and HDPE especially for LTTS, low color and melt stability

Stabilizers 29

Ciba Specialty Chemicals: Additives for Polyolefins: Hindered Amine Light Stabiizers (HALS): CHIMASSORB 119: High molecular weight HALS with low pigment interaction and LTTS in filled PP

Chimassorb 2020: High molecular weight HALS; superior light/thermal stability with low pigment interaction

Chimassorb 2030: Synergistic blend of high molecular weight HALS for superior light/thermal stability

Chimassorb 2040: Synergistic blend of high and low molecular weight HALS for superior light/thermal stability

Chimassorb 944: High molecular weight HALS with low volatility for a wide range of applications

TINUVIN 111: Synergistic blend of high molecular weight HALS, intermediate chemical resistance

Tinuvin 123: Non-interacting, nonbasic NOR-HALS for liquid systems

Tinuvin 123 S: Non-interacting, nonbasic NOR-HALS in free-flowing solid form, for molding application5

Tinuvin 492: Synergistic, pesticide resistant UV stabilizer blend for midterm agricultural film

Tinuvin 494: Synergistic, pesticide resistant UV stabilizer blend for longterm agricultural film

Tinuvin 622: Oligomeric HALS with excellent color, for critical welding of film and sheets

Tinuvin 765: Liquid, low molecular weight HALS for liquid color systems

Tinuvin 770: Low molecular weight HALS, particularly for thick section applications

30

Plastics Additives

Ciba Specialty Chemicals: Additives for Polyolefins: Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers (HALS) (Continued): Tinuvin 783: Synergistic blend of high molecular weight HALS with the highest level food contact clearances

Tinuvin 791: Blend of high and low molecular weight HALS for synergistic performance in thick sections

Tinuvin C 353: Highest performance system for pigmented PP fiber

Stabilizers 31

Ciba Specialty Chemicals: Additives for Polyolefins: PhenolFree Stabilizers: FIBERSTAB L 112: Phenol-free stabilization system, gas fade resistant

IRGASTAB FS 210: Phenol-free process/light-stabilizer, low color, gas fade resistant

Irgastab FS 410: Phenol-free process/light-stabilizer, low color, gas fade resistant

Irgastab FS 811: Light-stabilizer system, phenol-free process stabilizer

Irgastab FS 812: Light stabilizer system, phenol-free process stabilizer for pigmented applications

32

Plastics Additives

Ciba Specialty Chemicals: Additives for Polyolefins: Products for Recycling: RECYCLOSTAB range: Processing and long-term thermal stabilization for polyolefins and mixed plastics

RECYCLOSSORB 550: Light and basic stabilization for polyolefins and polyolefin blends

RECYCLOBLEND 660: Suitable for plastic recyclates containing paint or ink residues

Stabilizers 33

Ciba Specialty Chemicals: Light Stabilizers for Polyolefins: TINUVIN 123: Molecular Weight: 737.2 Melting Point C: liquid Specific Gravity @ 20C: 0.97 TGA: temp at 10% Wt. Loss: 265 Appearance: pale yellow liquid

Tinuvin 234: Molecular Weight: 448 Melting Point C: 135-141 Specific Gravity @ 20C: 1.22 TGA: Temp. @ 10% Wt. Loss: 315 Appearance: Light yellow powder

Tinuvin 326: Molecular Weight: 316 Melting Point C: 140-141 Specific Gravity @ 20C: 1.32 TGA: Temp. @ 10% Wt. Loss: 245 Appearance: Light yellow powder

Tinuvin 327: Molecular Weight: 358 Melting Point C: 154-158 Specific Gravity @ 20C: 1.26 TGA: Temp. @ 10% Wt. Loss: 235 Appearance: pale yellow powder

Tinuvin 328: Molecular Weight: 351.5 Melting Point C: 79-87 Specific Gravity @ 20C: 1.17 TGA: Temp. @ 10% Wt. Loss: 230 Appearance: off-white powder

Tinuvin 622: Melting Point C: 55-70 Specific Gravity @ 20C: 1.18 TGA: Temp. @ 10% Wt. Loss: 335 Appearance: off-white powder

Tinuvin 770: Molecular Weight: 481 Melting Point C: 82-86 Specific Gravity @ 20C: 1.05 TGA: Temp. @ 10% Wt. Loss: 260 Appearance: white granules

34

Plastics Additives

Ciba Specialty Chemicals: Light Stabilizers for Polyolefins (Continued): Chimassorb 119: Molecular Weight: 2286 Melting Point C: 115-150 Specific Gravity @ 20C: 1.03-1.05 TGA: Temp. at 10% Wt. Loss: 350 Appearance: light yellow granules

Chimassorb 944: Molecular Weight: (579)n Mn>2500 Melting Point C: 120-150 Specific Gravity @ 20C: 1.07 TGA: Temp. at 10% Wt. Loss: 375 Appearance: off-white powder

Chimassorb 2020: Molecular Weight: 2600-3400 Melting Point C: 120-150 Specific Gravity @ 20C: 1.01 TGA: Temp. at 10% Wt. Loss: 375 Appearance: transparent, slightly yellow pellets

Stabilizers 35

Ciba Specialty Chemicals: Light Stabilizer Systems: Product TINUVIN 111: Tinuvin 123 S: Tinuvin 492: Tinuvin 494: Tinuvin 783: Tinuvin 791: Tinuvin C 353: IRGASTAB FS 210: Irgastab FS 410: Irgastab FS 811: Irgastab FS 812: FIBERSTAB L 112:

Blend Composition Chimasorb 119:Tinuvin 622 Tinuvin 123:Polypropylene Chimassorb 119:Oxides:Stearates Chimassorb 119:Oxides:Stearates Chimassorb 944:Tinuvin 622 Chimassorb 944:Tinuvin 770 Chimassorb 119:Tinuvin 234 Irgastab FS 042:Chimassorb 119 Irgastab FS 042:Chimassorb 944 Irgastab FS 042:Tinuvin 791 Irgastab FS 042:Tinuvin 791:Tinuvin 328 HP-136:IRGAFOS 168:Tinuvin 622

36

Plastics Additives

Fairmount Chemical Co., Inc.: MIXXIM CD-12 Metal Deactivator: Mixxim CD-12 is an outstanding metal deactivator used in stabilization of polyolefins. Advantages: * Mixxim CD-12 enhances thermal and color stability while protecting or significantly increasing electrical insulating properties at the recommended levels of use. * The extremely low volatility of Mixxim CD-12 provides processing stability at even the highest temperatures as well as protection against long-term heat aging. * Easily incorporated into the polyolefin product, Mixxim CD-12 provides excellent dispersion at normal manufacturing temperatures. * Mixxim CD-12 has excellent compatibility with polyolefins and most other organic polymers and a generally high resistance to extraction in oil or aqueous media. Mixxim CD-12 is recommended for evaluation in the following applications: 1-Electrical parts such as plugs, outlets and switches. 2-Other plastic fabricated parts used in contact with catalytic materials 3-Wire insulation and jacketing. 4-Polymer powder and other coatings applied on metal. 5-Hot melt and solution adhesives. 6-Deactivation of catalyst residue during polymerization or plastic processing. 7-Deactivation of metal contaminants in plastics 8-Oils and lubricants in contact with metal surfaces and contaminants at high temperature. Typical Properties: Appearance: White powder Melting Point: 302C TSCA Nomenclature: Benzamide, 2-Hydroxy-N-1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-yl Molecular Formula: C9H8N4O2 Molecular Weight: 204 CAS Registry No.: 36411-52-6

Stabilizers 37

Ferro Corp.: FERRO UV-CHEK Light Stabilizers for Polymers: UV-Chek AM-340: 2,4-di-t-butylphenyl 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate CAS #4221-80-1 White to cream crystalline powder Melting Point: 196C Molecular Weight: 438 Specific Gravity: 1.08 Compatible with most polyolefins, styrenics, polycarbonate, thermoplastic polyesters and elastomers. Very soluble in chlorinated and aromatic hydrocarbons. Moderate solubility in ketones and esters. Low solubility in aliphatic hydrocarbons and alcohols. Insoluble in water. Effective stabilizer in: Polyolefins and nylon, especially pigmented applications. Typical uses: Molded containers, stadium seats, car bumpers. Olefins and nylon fibers for carpets and turf. Synergist/coadditive with: Other UV stabilizers, benzophenones, benzotriazoles, HALS and nickels.

UV-Chek AM-300: 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxy-benzophenone CAS # 1843-05-6 Light yellow crystalline powder Melting Point: 48C Molecular Weight: 326 Specific Gravity: 1.17 Compatible in a wide variety of plastics and coatings. Very soluble in aromatic, aliphatic and ketone solvents. Low solubility in alcohols. Insoluble in water. Effective UV light absorber for: A variety of polymers. Flexible and semi-rigid PVC applications such as automotive body side molding, instrument panels, glove boxes. Various surface coatings including automotive applications. Recommended as: A costabilizer for polyolefin mulch or greenhouse film.

38

Plastics Additives

Ferro Corp.: FERRO UV-CHEK Light Stabilizers for Polymers (Continued): UV-Chek AM-104: Nickel dibutyldithiocarbamate CAS #13927-77-0 Dark green brittle flakes Ni-content: 12.5% Melting Point: 88C Molecular Weight: 468 Specific Gravity: 1.22 Compatible with polypropylene, HDPE, thermoplastic elastomers. Very soluble in aromatic or chlorinated solvents. Moderate solubility in ketones. Low solubility in aliphatic solvents. Insoluble in water. Stabilizer for: Polyolefins, PP stretched tape (raffia) in woven packaging applications. Cotton bale wrap. HDPE pipe and pipe wrap. Outdoor carpeting and synthetic turf. Use as: An antioxidant/antiozonant for SBR, NBR, CR, CO, IIR. Improves heat resistance of EPDM and CSM.

UV-Chek AM-205: Thio-bis-2,2'(4(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl-phenol)-Nickel-2-ethylhexanoate CAS # 38727-83-2; 7580-31-6 Light green brittle flakes Ni-content: 13.0% Melting Point: 140C Molecular Weight: 1630 (wt. avg.) Specific Gravity: 1.19 Compatible with polypropylene, polyethylene and elastomers. Very soluble in aromatic or chlorinated solvents. Moderate solubility in aliphatic hydrocarbons and ketones. Insoluble in water. Ideally suited for: Polyethylene film for agricultural, construction and packaging. Does not interact with most common pesticides. Especially suited for: Pigmented polyolefin applications such as polypropylene indoor/outdoor carpets and synthetic turf. Synergistic combination with ZnO or AM-300.

Stabilizers 39

Ferro Corp.: FERRO UV-CHEK Light Stabilizers for Polymers (Continued): UV-Chek AM-595: Proprietary organic/inorganic complex containing Ba, Na and P. Fine white, free flowing powder Avg. Particle Size: 30 microns Specific Gravity: 2.12 Hygroscopic Disperses but does not melt or dissolve completely in polymers or solvents. Effective UV stabilizer in: Rigid or flexible PVC, including profiles, auto roofs, sheeting. Heat and Light Stabilizer for: CPE and CPVC. Single ply roofing and pond liners of CPE. Heat stabilizer for PCDC. Acid scavenger in: Flame retardant plastics. Reduces mold corrosion and extends the molding range. Prevents discoloration.

40

Plastics Additives

Ferro Corp.: THERM-CHEK Heat Stabilizers: BaZn: 120 L0HF: Types: Liquid, Primary Stabilizer Processes: Extrusion, Injection Molding, Plastisol Applications: General Purpose Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Excellent Long Term Stability: Good High Flash (Liquids), ESO Compatibility

130: Types: Liquid, Primary Stabilizer Processes: Plastisol Applications: General Purpose Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Good Long Term Stability: Good ESO Compatibility

134: Types: Liquid, Primary Stabilizer Processes: Extrusion, Injection Molding Applications: General Purpose Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Excellent Long Term Stability: Excellent

139: Types: Liquid, Primary Stabilizer Processes: Calendering, Extrusion, Plastisol Applications: General Purpose Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Excellent Long Term Stability: Good

1159 SF: Types: Liquid, Primary Stabilizer Processes: Extrusion, Injection Molding, Plastisol Applications: Application Specific Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Good Long Term Stability: Good High Flash (Liquids), ESO Compatibility

6264: Types: Powder, Primary Stabilizer, Secondary Stabilizer/Booster Processes: Extrusion, Injection Molding Applications: General Purpose Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Good Long Term Stability: Excellent

BH 940: Types: Powder, Primary Stabilizer Processes: Calendering, Extrusion Applications: General Purpose Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Good Long Term Stability: Excellent

Stabilizers 41

Ferro Corp.: THERM-CHEK Heat Stabilizers (Continued): BaZn (Continued): PS 380: Types: Liquid, Primary Stabilizer Processes: Plastisol Applications: Application Specific Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Good Long Term Stability: Good

SP 175: Types: Liquid, Primary Stabilizer Processes: Calendering, Extrusion Applications: Crystal Clear, Filled White, General Purpose Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Excellent Long Term Stability: Excellent

SP 1363: Types: Liquid, Primary Stabilizer Processes: Plastisol Applications: Crystal Clear Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Excellent Long Term Stability: Good ESO Compatibility

BaCd/BaCdZn: 6-V-6A: Types: Liquid, Primary Stabilizer Processes: Plastisol Applications: General Purpose Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Excellent Long Term Stability: Excellent ESO Compatibility

1238: Types: Liquid, Primary Stabilizer Processes: Calendering, Extrusion, Injection Molding, Plastisol Applications: Crystal Clear, General Purpose Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Excellent Long Term Stability: Good ESO Compatibility

6098: Types: Liquid, Primary Stabilizer Processes: Extrusion, Injection Molding, Plastisol Applications: General Purpose Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Good Long Term Stability: Excellent ESO Compatibility

42

Plastics Additives

Ferro Corp.: THERM-CHEK Heat Stabilizers (Continued): BaCd/BaCdZn: (Continued): SP 530: Types: Liquid, Primary Stabilizer Processes: Calendering, Extrusion, Injection Molding, Plastisol Applications: Crystal Clear, Filled White, General Purpose Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Excellent Long Term Stability: Good ESO Compatibility

SP 1179: Types: Powder, Primary Stabilizer Processes: Calendering, Extrusion, Injection Molding Applications: Filled White, General Purpose Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Excellent Long Term Stability: Excellent

CaZn: 360: Types: Liquid, Primary Stabilizer Processes: Calendering, Plastisol Applications: Crystal Clear, General Purpose Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Excellent Long Term Stability: Good High Flash (Liquids)

362: Types: Liquid, Primary Stabilizer Processes: Calendering, Plastisol Applications: General Purpose Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Excellent Long Term Stability: Good High Flash (Liquids)

SP 356: Types: Powder, Secondary Stabilizer/Booster Processes: Extrusion Applications: Filled White, General Purpose Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Excellent Long Term Stability: Good

SP 362: Types: Powder, Secondary Stabilizer/Booster Processes: Calendering Applications: Filled White Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Excellent Long Term Stability: Good

Stabilizers 43

Ferro Corp.: THERM-CHEK Heat Stabilizers (Continued): Non Toxic (CFR Title 21): 59-V-11: Types: Powder, Primary Stabilizer Processes: Extrusion, Injection Molding, Plastisol Applications: General Purpose Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Good Long Term Stability: Good

654: Types: Liquid, Primary Stabilizer Processes: Extrusion, Injection Molding, Plastisol Applications: Crystal Clear Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Good Long Term Stability: Good High Flash (Liquids) ESO Compatibility

659: Types: Liquid, Primary Stabilizer Processes: Extrusion, Injection Molding, Plastisol Applications: Crystal Clear Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Good Long Term Stability: Good High Flash (Liquids) ESO Compatibility

707X: Types: Paste, Primary Stabilizer Processes: Extrusion, Injection Molding, Plastisol Applications: Crystal Clear Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Excellent Long Term Stability: Good High Flash (Liquids) ESO Compatibility

44

Plastics Additives

Ferro Corp.: THERM-CHEK Heat Stabilizers (Continued): Non Toxic (CFR Title 21) (Continued): 760X: Types: Paste, Primary Stabilizer Processes: Extrusion, Injection Molding, Plastisol Applications: Crystal Clear Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Good Long Term Stability: Good High Flash (Liquids) ESO Compatibility

763: Types: Paste, Primary Stabilizer Processes: Extrusion, Injection Molding, Plastisol Applications: Crystal Clear Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Good Long Term Stability: Good High Flash (Liquids) ESO Compatibility

5526: Types: Liquid, Secondary Stabilizer/Booster Processes: Calendering, Extrusion, Injection Molding, Plastisol Applications: Crystal Clear Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Good Long Term Stability: Excellent High Flash (Liquids) ESO Compatibility

PLAS CHEK 775: Types: Liquid, Secondary Stabilizer/Booster Processes: Calendering, Extrusion, Injection Molding, Plastisol Applications: General Purpose Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Good Long Term Stability: Excellent

SP 1546: Types: Powder, Primary Stabilizer Processes: Extrusion, Injection Molding, Plastisol Applications: Crystal Clear, Filled White, General Purpose Product Attributes: Early Color Hold Long Term Stability

Stabilizers 45

Ferro Corp.: THERM-CHEK Heat Stabilizers (Continued): Phosphites: 904: Types: Liquid, Secondary Stabilizer/Booster Processes: Calendering, Extrusion, Injection Molding, Plastisol Applications: Crystal Clear, General Purpose Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Excellent Long Term Stability: Good High Flash (Liquids) ESO Compatibility

907: Types: Liquid, Secondary Stabilizer/Booster Processes: Calendering, Extrusion, Injection Molding, Plastisol Applications: General Purpose Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Excellent Long Term Stability: Good High Flash (Liquids) ESO Compatibility

910: Types: Liquid, Secondary Stabilizer/Booster Processes: Calendering, Extrusion, Injection Molding, Plastisol Applications: General Purpose Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Excellent Long Term Stability: Good High Flash (Liquids) ESO Compatibility

912: Types: Liquid, Secondary Stabilizer/Booster Processes: Calendering, Extrusion, Injection Molding, Plastisol Applications: Crystal Clear Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Excellent Long Term Stability: Excellent High Flash (Liquids) ESO Compatibility

5221: Types: Liquid, Secondary Stabilizer/Booster Processes: Calendering, Extrusion, Injection Molding, Plastisol Applications: General Purpose Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Good Long Term Stability: Good High Flash (Liquids) ESO Compatibility

46

Plastics Additives

Ferro Corp.: THERM-CHEK Heat Stabilizers (Continued): Sn: 820: Types: Liquid, Primary Stabilizer Processes: Calendering, Extrusion, Injection Molding Applications: Crystal Clear Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Good Long Term Stability: Good High Flash (Liquids) ESO Compatibility

835: Types: Liquid, Primary Stabilizer Processes: Plastisol Applications: Crystal Clear Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Good Long Term Stability: Good High Flash (Liquids) ESO Compatibility

840: Types: Liquid, Primary Stabilizer Processes: Calendering, Extrusion, Injection Molding, Plastisol Applications: Crystal Clear, General Purpose Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Excellent Long Term Stability: Excellent High Flash (Liquids) ESO Compatibility

Sr: 135: Types: Liquid, Primary Stabilizer Processes: Extrusion, Plastisol Applications: Filled White Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Excellent Long Term Stability: Good ESO Compatibility

Stabilizers 47

Ferro Corp.: THERM-CHEK Heat Stabilizers (Continued): Zn: 5019: Types: Liquid, Secondary Stabilizer/Booster Processes: Calendering, Extrusion, Injection Molding, Plastisol Application: Application Specific Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Excellent Long Term Stability: Poor High Flash (Liquids) ESO Compatibility

6134: Types: Powder, Secondary Stabilizer/Booster Processes: Calendering, Extrusion, Injection Molding Application: General Purpose Product Attributes: Early Color Hold: Excellent Long Term Stability: Good

48

Plastics Additives

Halstab: Non-Lead Stabilizers: HALSTAB 1214: Composition: Zinc Free Tin Synergist Appearance: Fine, light colored powder Specific Gravity: 2.10-2.15 % Retained (325 Mesh): 0.5% max. Low cost costabilizer for use with organotin atabilizers. Nonlubricating, non-toxic and easily dispersed. Effective with all types of tin stabilizers. Primary applications: Rigid PVC siding, profile, pipe and molded fittings. Also effective in flexible PVC applications when combined with an organotin stabilizer.

Halstab 1219: Composition: Coated Acid Absorber Appearance: Fine, light colored powder Specific Gravity: 2.10-2.15 % Retained (325 Mesh): 0.5% max Costabilizer for use with lead stabilizers specifically to improve stability in the presence of destabilizing flame retardant and smoke suppressant additives. Primary applications: Plenum cable jackets and related constructions.

Halstab 1180: Composition: Barium/Zinc Based Stabilizer System Appearance: Fine, light colored powder Specific Gravity: 1.75-1.80 % Retained (325 Mesh): 1.0% max. Alternative to lead based stabilizers for wire & cable applications. Does not require ESO.

Halstab 1130: Composition: Non-toxic, Calcium/Zinc/Acid Acceptor Blend Appearance: Fine, white powder % Active: 100% % Retained (325 Mesh): 0.5% max. Moisture: 0.5% max. Low cost non-toxic calcium/zinc stabilizer with equivalent effectiveness to tribasic lead sulfate. Epoxidized oils are not required with Halstab 1130. Primary applications: Automotive wire and general purpose filled extrusions.

Stabilizers 49

Halstab: Non-Lead Stabilizers (Continued): Halstab 1131: Composition: Non-toxic, Zinc/Acid Acceptor Blend Appearance: Fine, white powder % Active: 100% % Retained (325 mesh): 0.5% max. Moisture: 0.5% max. Low cost non-toxic zinc carboxylate acid acceptor blend. Primary applications: Powder booster for liquid stabilizers. Sole stabilizer for highly filled compounds such as extruded cove base.

Halstab 1201: Composition: Calcium/Zinc Based Stabilizer System Appearance: Fine, light colored powder Specific Gravity: 1.74-1.79 Low cost, non-toxic slightly lubricating calcium/zinc stabilizer with the effectiveness of a lead stabilizer. Does not require ESO. Epoxidized oils are not necessary. Primary applications: Cable jackets and other filled compounds. General purpose and flexible PVC compounds. Can also be used as a booster for liquid stabilizers.

50

Plastics Additives

Halstab: Powdered Lead Stabilizers: HALBASE 10: Chemical Type: Tribasic Lead Sulfate % PbO: 88.7 Specific Gravity: 6.9 PVC Application: Wire & Cable 60-90 Degrees

Halbase 10 EP: Chemical Type: Tribasic Lead Sulfate/Coated % PbO: 83.2 Specific Gravity: 5.0 PVC Application: Wire & Cable 60-90 Degrees

Halbase 11: Chemical Type: Basic Lead Sulfate % PbO: 84.5 Specific Gravity: 6.7 PVC Application: Polymeric/Polyester

Halbase 100: Chemical Type: Modified Basic Lead Sulfate % PbO: 65.5 Specific Gravity: 5.0 PVC Application: Foams & Plastisols

Halbase 100 EP: Chemical Type: Modified Basic Lead Sulfate/Coated % PbO: 66.6 Specific Gravity: 4.3 PVC Application: Wire & Cable 60-80 Degrees

HALCARB 20: Chemical Type: Basic Lead Carbonate % PbO: 87.7 Specific Gravity: 6.9 PVC Application: Wire & Cable 60-80 Degrees UV Exposure

Halcarb 20EP: Chemical Type: Basic Lead Carbonate/Coated % PbO: 81.5 Specific Gravity: 5.1 PVC Application: Wire & Cable 60-80 Degrees

Halcarb 200: Chemical Type: Modified Basic Lead Carbonate % PbO: 66.1 Specific Gravity: 5.0 PVC Application: Wire & Cable 60-80 Degrees

Stabilizers 51

Halstab: Powdered Lead Stabilizers (Continued): HALCARB 200 EP: Chemical Type: Modified Basic Lead Carbonate/Coated % PbO: 48.2 Specific Gravity: 3.6 PVC Application: Wire & Cable 60-80 Degrees

HALSTAB 30: Chemical Type: Lead Sulphophthalate Complex % PbO: 85.0 Specific Gravity: 5.9 PVC Application: Electrical Tape

Halstab 30 EP: Chemical Type: Lead Sulphophthalate Complex/Coated % PbO: 79.0 Specific Gravity: 5.0 PVC Application: Profiles

Halstab 31: Chemical Type: Lead Sulphophthalate Complex/Modified % PbO: 65.2 Specific Gravity: 3.8 PVC Application: Wire & Cable 60-105 Degrees

Halstab 60: Chemical Type: Lead Sulphophthalate Complex % PbO: 83.5 Specific Gravity: 5.4 PVC Application: Wire & Cable 60-105 Degrees

Halstab 60 EP: Chemical Type: Lead Sulphophthalate Complex/Coated % PbO: 77.6 Specific Gravity: 4.4 PVC Application: Wire & Cable 60-105 Degrees

Halstab 600 EP: Chemical Type: Modified Lead Sulphophthalate Complex/Coated % PbO: 60.9 Specific Gravity: 3.8 PVC Application: Wire & Cable 60-105 Degrees

HALTHAL: Chemical Type: Dibasic Lead Phthalate % PbO: 78.5 Specific Gravity: 4.6 PVC Application: Wire & Cable 60-105 Degrees

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Plastics Additives

Halstab: Powdered Lead Stabilizers (Continued): Halthal EP: Chemical Type: Dibasic Lead Phthalate/Coated % PbO: 73.9 Specific Gravity: 3.9 PVC Application: Wire & Cable 60-105 Degrees

HALPHOS: Chemical Type: Dibasic Lead Phosphite % PbO: 90.2 Specific Gravity: 6.9 PVC Application: UV Exposure

Halphos EP: Chemical Type: Dibasic Lead Phosphite/Coated % PbO: 82.5 Specific Gravity: 5.0 PVC Application: UV Exposure

HALSTAB TLF: Chemical Type: Tetrabasic Lead Fumarate % PbO: 89.0 Specific Gravity: 6.5 PVC Application: PVC Cable & Chlorosulfonated PE

Halstab TLM: Chemical Type: Tribasic Lead Maleate % PbO: 89.5 Specific Gravity: 6.3 PVC Application: PVC Cable & Chlorosulfonated PE

HAL-LUB-D: Chemical Type: Dibasic Lead Stearate % PbO: 55.4 Specific Gravity: 2.0 PVC Application: Co-Stabilizer Lubricant

HAL-LUB-N: Chemical Type: Normal Lead Stearate % PbO: 30.2 Specific Gravity: 1.4 PVC Application: Co-stabilizer Lubricant

Stabilizers 53

Rhein Chemie Corp.: STABAXOL Antihydrolysis Agents: Product Selection and Market Overview Guide: Product Name Stabaxol I Stabaxol P Stabaxol P-100 Stabaxol 0115 Stabaxol KE-7646 Masterbatch Stabaxol KE-8059 Stabaxol KE-8993 Stabaxol KE-9193

Application/Market PET, EVA, Elastomers PET, PBT, EVA, Nylon, TPU, and Coatings PET and Polyamides for Monofilaments MDI and NDI Based Elastomers Thermalplastic Polyesters PET Thermalplastic Polyesters PET Processing Aid for Polyamides Monofilaments Processing Aid for Injection Molding

Stabaxol is the tradename for Carbodiimides from Rhein Chemie

Current Carbodiimide Application Areas: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Stabilized monofilament PET yarn Thermoplastic polyester urethanes Castable polyester urethanes--TDI, MDI, NDI Millable gum urethanes Adhesive formulations Stabilized EVA copolymers Stabilized polyester polyol

New Carbodiimide Application Areas: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Polycarbonate/PET blends Nylons Copolyester thermoplastic elastomers Epoxy based adhesives for composites Polyesteramide/Polyetheresteramide TPE's

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Plastics Additives

Rhein Chemie Corp.: STABAXOL Antihydrolysis Agents (Continued): Stabaxol I: CAS No.: 2162-74-5 Antihydrolysis Agent 2,2',6,6'-Tetraisopropyldiphenyl Carbodiimide Application: Stabaxol I is an effective stabilizer for use in polyester based plastics. The product actively scavenges acidic groups as well as water. The product significantly increases the resistance to hydrolysis of polyester based urethane elastomers. Staboxol I also increases the long term stability of Baycoll and Desmocoll based adhesives in hot humid climates. The addition of 0.5 parts of Stabaxol I per 100 parts of polyester approximately doubles the level of hydrolysis resistance at ambient temperature compared to an unstabilized elastomer. The addition of 2 parts of Stabaxol I per 100 parts of polyester will increase hydrolysis resistance about four fold at ambient temperature. The use of more than 2 parts by weight is not recommended, since Stabaxol I may leach from some end products. Also, Stabaxol I does not have the catalytic effect on the isocyanate-polyol reaction that Stabaxol M had. Product Description: Physical form: Yellowish waxlike substance Melting point: Approx. 40C Density: Approx. 0.95 g/ml at 50C Stabaxol I is soluble in selected organic solvents such as acetone, methylene chloride, toluene, and polyester.

Stabilizers 55

Rhein Chemie Corp.: STABAXOL Antihydrolysis Agents (Continued): STABAXOL P Antihydrolysis Agent: CAS No.: 81972-48-7 Aromatic Polycarbodiimide Application: Stabaxol P is typically used to improve the hydrolytic stability of plastics containing ester groups, including millable gum polyurethanes and will significantly improve the hot air resistance of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers. Due to wide variation in application areas, it is recommended that users determine the optimum level of addition for each system. Typically, 0.5 to 5 pbw of Stabaxol P per 100 parts of compound (100% solid) is recommended. Stabaxol P, as supplied, contains approximately 4% of inorganic material to prevent lump formation. Stabaxol P will not normally bloom from a finished polymer. Product Description: Density at 20C, g/ml: 1.05 Carbodiimide content, %: 12.5% minimum Melting Range: Begins to sinter above 50C Viscous above 70C Flows slowly about 90C Stabaxol P is an effective stabilizer intended mainly for polymers containing ester groups, to increase resistance to hydrolysis. The material is supplied as light colored flakes or powder and is an improved version of the product Stabaxol PCD.

Stabaxol KE 7646: CAS. No.: 25038-59-9/29963-44-8 Uses: Antihydrolysis agent for thermoplastic polyesters, especially for PET Product Description: Composition: 85 weight % (PET), 15 weight % aromatic polycarbodiimide (P100) Appearance: Yellowish cylindrical granules Density (20C/68F): Approx. 1.25 g/ml Melting Point: Approx. 260C (500F) Moisture content: <0.03% Technical Data: Stabaxol KE 7646 is used in PET-monofilaments for dryer-conveyor belts in paper making machines where it assists to multiply the service lifetime. For example, by as much as three times after accelerated aging in saturated steam (121C/250F).

56

Plastics Additives

Rhein Chemie Corp.: STABAXOL Antihydrolysis Agents (Continued): STABAXOL KE 8059: CAS No.: 25038-59-9/81972-48-7 Masterbatch Uses: Antihydrolysis agent for thermoplastic polymers, especially for PET Product Description: Composition: 85 weight % PET 8 weight % Stabaxol P 7 weight % Stabaxol P 100 Carrier polymer: Polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) intrinsic viscosity (IV): 0.82+-0.01 dl/g Appearance: Free flowing, yellowing cylindrical granules Density (20C/68F): Approx. 1.25 g/cm3 Melting Point: Approx. 260C/500F Moisture Content: <0.03% Nitrogen Content: Approx. 1.50% min. Technical Data: Stabaxol KE 8059 is used in PET-monofilaments for dryer-conveyor belts in paper making machines where it assists to multiply the service life time. For example by as much as three times after accelerated aging in saturated steam at (121C (250F).)

Stabaxol KE 8993: CAS No.: 25038-54-4/29963-44-8 Masterbatch Characteristic: Stabaxol KE 8993 is a polycarbodiimide-masterbatch; carrier polymer: Nylon 6 (PA6) Application: Stabaxol KE 8993 is used in PA6 extrudrates and injection molded parts which need improved hydrolytic stability Product Description: Active substance: Aromatic polycarbodiimide Stabaxol P100. Molecular weight: Approx. 10,000 g/mol Carrier Polymer: Nylon 6 (PA 6) nrel (m-Cresol): 2.96 Composition: 80 weight % PA 6 20 weight % Stabaxol P 100 Appearance: Free flowing, yellowish cylindrical granules Density (20C/68F): Approx. 1.1 g/cm3 Bulk density: Approx. 700 kg/m3; (1.543 lb/m3) Melting point: Approx. 215-225C (420-440F) Moisture content: <0.05%

Stabilizers 57

Rhein Chemie Corp.: STABAXOL Antihydrolysis Agents (Continued): STABAXOL KE 9193 Masterbatch: Stabaxol KE 9193 is a polycarbodiimide-masterbatch; carrier polymer; Polybutyleneterephthalate (PBT) Application: Stabaxol KE 9193 is used in PBT extrudates and injection molded parts which need improved hydrolytic stability Product Description: Active substance: Aromatic polycarbodiimide Stabaxol P 100. Molecular weight: Approx. 10,000 g/mol Carrier Polymer: Polybutyleneterephthalate (PBT) nrel: 1.86+-0.02 Composition: 85 weight % (PBT) 15 weight % Stabaxol P 100 Appearance: Free flowing, yellowish cylindrical granules Density (20C/68F): Approx. 1.25 g/cm3 Bulk density: Approx. 800 kg/m3 (1.764 lb/m3) Melting point: Approx. 220-230C (430-445F) Moisture content: <0.04%

58

Plastics Additives

Rohm and Haas Co/Morton International: Product Application Overview: ADVASTAB TM-181: Thioglycolate Application: Siding & Profile/Bottles Sheet & Film/Injection Molding Comments: General purpose, High performance

Advastab TM-182: Thioglycolate Application: Siding & Profile/Bottles Sheet & Film Comments: Early color hold, High clarity

Advastab TM-186: Thioglycolate Application: Siding & Profile/Bottles Sheet & Film Comments: Excellent early and mid term stability, High clarity

Advastab TM-2080: Thioglycolate Application: Bottles Sheet & Film Comments: FDA approved

Advastab TM-948: Thioglycolate Application: Bottles Sheet & Film/Injection Molding Comments: General purpose, Low odor

Advastab TM-404: Thioglycolate Application: Bottles Sheet & Film Comments: Low odor, FDA approved

Advastab TM-161: Thioglycolate Application: Pipe, Injection Molding Comments: CPVC

Advastab WS-499: Application: Siding & Profile Comments: Weatherable top coat

Advastab TM-691: Reverse Ester Application: Pipe Comments: General purpose

Advastab TM-692: Reverse Ester Application: Pipe Comments: General purpose

Stabilizers 59

Rohm & Haas Co./Morton International: Product Application Overview (Continued): Advastab TM-694: Reverse Ester Application: Pipe Comments: Low cost

Advastab TM-696: Reverse Ester Application: Pipe Comments: Colored pipe

Advastab TM-697: Reverse Ester Application: Pipe Comments: Foam applications, High performance

Advastab TM-281 SP: Reverse Ester Application: Siding & Profile Comments: Low cost, General purpose, Good early color

Advastab TM-283 SP: Reverse Ester Application: Siding & Profile Comments: High performance, Long term stability

Advastab TM-284 SP: Reverse Ester Application: Siding & Profile Comments: Good long term stability

Advastab TM-285 SP: Reverse ester Application: Siding & Profile Comments: Excellent color hold

Advastab TM-281 IM: Reverse ester Application: Injection Molding Comments: Low cost, General purpose

Advastab TM-282 IM: Reverse Ester Application: Injection Molding Comments: Good long term stability

Advastab TM-283 IM: Reverse Ester Application: Injection Molding Comments: High performance

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Plastics Additives

Rohm and Haas Co./Morton International: Product Application Overview (Continued): Advastab TM-286 SP: Reverse Ester Application: Siding & Profile Comments: High performance, Good initial color hold

Advastab TM-950F: Reverse Ester Application: Siding & Profile/Bottles Sheet & Film Comments: Foam applications

Advastab TM-900F: Reverse Ester Application: Pipe Comments: Foam applications

Stabilizers 61

Rohm and Haas Co./Morton International: Product Application Overview(Continued): ADVAPAK SLS-1000: Thioglycolate/Reverse Ester Application: Siding & Profile Comments: Multifunctional Lubricant/stabilizers-Siding and profile

Advapak LS-203: Reverse Ester Application: Pipe Comments: Multifunctional Lubricant/stabilizers-Pipe

Advapak IMLS-1000: Thioglycolate/Reverse Ester Comments: Multifunctional Lubricant/stabilizers-Injection molding

Advapak ML-1325: Application: Injection Molding Comments: Lubricant package-Injection molding

Advapak ML-2516: Application: Pipe Comments: Lubricant package-Pipe

Advapak ML-3000: Application: Siding & Profile Comments: Lubricant package-Siding and Profile

ADVAWAX 280: Application: Siding & Profile/Injection Molding Comments: Excellent processibility-Bisamide wax-Metal release

Development Projects: Thioglycolate/Reverse Ester Application: Siding & Profile/Pipe/Bottles Sheet & Film/Injection Molding Comments: All applications

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Plastics Additives

3V Inc.: Antioxidants: ALVINOX/ ALVIPACK: The combined action of oxygen and heat during the life cycle of polymers (manufacture, processing, storage and end use) causes thermooxidation of materials. This phenomena generate a change in molecular weight that lead to modifications of physical and mechanical characteristics such as increase or decrease of Melt Flow, yellowing or discoloration, loss of gloss or transparency, chalking and superficial micro-cracks. After the superficial changes the degradation continues to greater extent thus decreasing the mechanical properties (elongation at break, tensile strength, impact strength, flexural modulus). With ongoing aging the characteristics of the plastic article are so modifed that it loses its usefulness. The thermal oxidation reaction can be inhibited as follows: · using a primary antioxidant that inteferes with the chain propagation step · through a radical termination reaction · using a secondary antioxidant that decomposes the hydroperoxides. · Primary antioxidants belong to the hindered phenols chemical family, called also "Radical Scavengers". Secondary Antioxidants belong to Phosphite/Phosphonite and Thioethers chemical family. The combination of both Antioxidant classes allows to achieve a synergistic effect. Under the trade name Alvinox, 3V produces two primary antioxidants: Alvinox 100 and Alvinox FB, and one secondary antioxidant: Alvinox P. 3V also offers the synergistic blends of antioxidants under the trade name Alvipack. Blends that provide Long Term Heat Stability and Processing Stability in one product, simplify mixing and dosing operations. Examples of available blends are listed below: Alvipack Type: Concentration % Alvinox FB Alvinox P DSTDP Alvipack 11 50 50 --Alvipack 12 33 67 --Alvipack 122 20 40 40 Process Stabilization: Polymers are usually processed at high temperatures (180-350C) and if insufficiently stabilized they degrade. Addition of stabilizers minimize changes in melt flow index, limiting chain scission (e.g. in PP) and cross-linking (e.g. in PE) avoiding problems during processing. The usual method for evaluating the effectiveness of antioxidants under processing conditions is the multiple extrusion test in which changes in melt flow index and colour are measured after repeated passes in an extruder. Low volatility, high compatibility in polymer and thermal resistance are key properties for antioxidants during tranformation steps. Alvinox match these properties providing high performance results.

Section XXI Stearates

64

Plastics Additives

Baerlocher U.S.A.: Aluminum Soaps: Powder: ALUGEL 34 TH: Ash %: 7.0-9.0 Free Fatty Acid %: 12.0-18.0 Melting point C: 125-140 Humidity %: <1.0 Bulk density tapped g/l+20%: 400 Bulk density g/l: approx. 230

Alugel 30 DF: Ash %: 9.0-11.0 Free Fatty Acid %: 4.0-9.0 Melting point C: 150-160 Humidity %: <1.5 Bulk density tapped g/l+20%: 380 Bulk density g/l: approx. 240

Alugel 30 D-Extra: Ash %: 9.5-11.0 Free Fatty Acid %: 2.0-6.0 Melting point C: 150-160 Humidity %: <1.0 Bulk density tapped g/l+20%: 300 Bulk density g/l: approx. 200

Stearates 65

Baerlocher U.S.A.: Calcium Soaps: Powder: CEASIT 1: Ash %: 9.7+-0.5 Free Fatty Acid %: <0.5 Softening Point C: 150-160

Ceasit SW/F: Ash %: 9.7+-0.5 Free Fatty Acid %: <1.0 Softening Point C: approx. 160

Ceasit POE: Ash %: 9.7+-0.5 Free Fatty Acid %: <0.5 Softening Point C: 140-160

Ceasit PC: Ash %: 9.2-9.6 Free Fatty Acid %: <0.5 Softening Point C: approx. 160

Calcium laurate: Ash %: 11.8-13.5 Free Fatty Acid %: <1.0 Softening Point C: approx. 140

Calcium behenate: Ash %: 8.0-9.0 Free Fatty Acid %: <1.0 Softening Point C: approx. 150

Calcium-12-hydroxy stearate: Ash %: 8.5-9.5 Free Fatty Acid %: <2.0 Softening Point C: 135-145

Granules: Ceasit AV: Ash %: 9.7+-0.5 Free Fatty Acid %: <1.5 Softening Point C: approx. 160

Ca/Zn-Stearate SMS: Ash %: 10.3-11.0 Free Fatty Acid %: <6.0 Softening Point C: approx. 105

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Plastics Additives

Baerlocher U.S.A.: Magnesium Soaps: Powder: Magnesium stearate PM: Ash %: 7.5+-0.5 Free Fatty Acid %: <2.0 Softening point C: 140-150 Humidity %: <4.0 Fineness: 99% <71 um

Magnesium stearate SW/F: Ash %: 7.5+-0.5 Free Fatty Acid %: <3.0 Softening point C: approx. 140 Humidity %: <4.0 Fineness: 99% <71 um

Magnesium stearate GE: Ash %: 7.0-8.0 Free Fatty Acid %: <3.0 Softening point C: approx. 140 Humidity %: <4.0 Fineness: 99% <71 um

Magnesium stearate Pharama: Ash %: 7.2-8.0 Free Fatty Acid %: <1.5 Softening point C: approx. 130-145 Humidity %: <4.0 Fineness: 98% <75 um

Granules: Magnesium stearate AV: Ash %: 7.5+-0.5 Free Fatty Acid %: <3.0 Softening point C: approx. 140 Humidity %: <5.0 Fineness: 0.3-3mm

Stearates 67

Baerlocher U.S.A.: Zinc Soaps: Powder: ZINCUM 5: Ash %: 13.6+-0.4 Free Fatty Acid %: <1.0 Softening point C: 120-122 Humidity %: <0.5

Zincum N 37 SL: Ash %: 13.6+-0.4 Free Fatty Acid %: <1.0 Softening point C: 120-122 Humidity %: <0.5

Zincum N 29 Cosm.: Ash %: 13.6+-0.5 Free Fatty Acid %: <1.0 Softening point C: 118-122 Humidity %: <1.0

Zincum PZ: Ash %: 13.6+-0.4 Free Fatty Acid %: <0.5 Softening point C: 120-123 Humidity %: <1.0

Zincum SW/F: Ash %: 13.7+-0.5 Free Fatty Acid %: <2.0 Softening Point C: 120-122 Humidity %: <0.5

Zinc Soap B I: Ash %: 15.0-18.0 Free Fatty Acid %: <1.0 Softening point C: 117-120 Humidity %: <1.5

Zinc Soap B II: Ash %: 19.0-21.0 Free Fatty Acid %: <1.0 Softening point C: 115-120 Humidity %: <3.0

Zincum LW: Ash %: 14.0+-0.5 Free Fatty Acid %: <1.0 Softening point C: 119-123 Humidity %: <0.5

68

Plastics Additives

Baerlocher U.S.A.: Zinc Soaps (Continued): Powder (Continued): Zinc laurate: Ash %: 17.0-18.5 Free Fatty Acid %: <1.5 Softening point C: 122-126 Humidity %: <1.0

Zinc behenate: Ash %: 11.5-13.0 Free Fatty Acid %: <1.5 Softening point C: 120-124 Humidity %: <1.0

Zinc-12-hydroxy stearate: Ash %: 12.3-13.5 Free Fatty Acid %: <1.0 Softening point C: 145-155 Humidity %: <1.0

Zincum SLP 40: Ash %: 12.5-13.5 Free Fatty Acid %: <1.0 Softening point C: 118-122 Humidity %: <1.0

Granules: Zincum AV: Ash %: 13.7+-0.5 Free Fatty Acid %: <1.0 Softening point C: 120-122 Humidity %: <1.0

Pellets: Zincum TX: Ash %: 12.5-13.3 Free Fatty Acid %: <1.5 Softening point C: 120-122 Humidity %: <0.5

Flakes: Zincum SMS: Ash %: 13.3+-0.5 Free Fatty Acid %: <1.5 Softening point C: 120-122 Humidity %: <0.5

Stearates 69

H.L. Blachford Ltd.: Metallic Stearates: Aluminum Stearate 200: Total Ash, %: 9.5 Free Fatty Acid, %: 9.0 Softening Point, C: 135 Appearance: White Powder Major Applications: Gelling Agent, Waterproofer

Aluminum Stearate 300 Total Ash, %: 8.3 Free Fatty Acid, %: 18.5 Softening Point, C: 110 Appearance: White Powder Major Applications: Gelling Agent, Anti-stick Agent

Ammonium Stearate 33%: Total Ash, %: Nil Moisture, %: 67 Appearance: Off White Paste Major Applications: Water Repellent, Foam Stabilizer

Barium Stearate 100: Total Ash, %: 29.5 Free Fatty Acid, %: 1.0 max. Softening Point, C: 222 Appearance: White Powder Major Applications: PVC Stabilizer, Lubricant

Calcium Stearate L-155: Total Ash, %: 10.6 Free Fatty Acid, %: 0.4 Softening Point, C: 147 min. Appearance: White Powder Major Applications: Lubricant, Waterproofer, PVC Stabilizer

Calcium Stearate 159: Total Ash, %: 9.9 Free Fatty Acid, %: 4.0 max. Softening Point, C: 146 min. Appearance: White Powder Major Applications: Anti-Stick agent, Waterproofer

CALFORD G-810 (Alum. Octoate): Total Ash, %: 17.0 Softening Point, C: >220 Appearance: White Powder Major Applications: Gelling Agent

70

Plastics Additives

H.L. Blachford Ltd.: Metallic Stearates (Continued): Calford R-236-1 (ZnSt Dispersion): Appearance: White Paste Major Applications: Anti-tack, Process Aid

Cobalt Stearate: Total Ash, %: 11.7 Softening Point, C: 98 Appearance: Purple Flakes Major Applications: Oxidation catalyst, Rubber Additive

Copper Stearate: Total Ash, %: 13.0 Softening Point, C: 113 Appearance: Green Powder Major Applications: Prodegradant for PVC

Iron 12-Hydroxy Stearate: Softening Point, C: 123 min. Appearance: Pink Powder Major Applications: Prodegradant for Plastics

Lithium Stearate 200: Total Ash, %: 6.1 Free Fatty Acid, %: 0.25 Softening Point, C: 216 Appearance: White Powder Major Applications: Lubricant, Thickener

Lithium 12-Hydroxystearate: Total Ash, %: 4.8 Free Fatty Acid, %: 0.5 Softening Point, C: 211 Appearance: Off White Powder Major Applications: Lubricant, Gelling Agent for Greases

Magnesium Stearate NF: Total Ash, %: 7.5 Appearance: White Powder Major Applications: Lubricant, Release Agent

Manganese Stearate: Total Ash, %: 14.5 Free Fatty Acid, %: 3 max Softening Point, C: 112 Appearance: Off White Powder Major Applications: Catalyst, Lubricant

Potassium Stearate: Total Ash, %: 15.1 Free Fatty Acid, %: 0.5 Softening Point, C: 216 Appearance: Off White Powder Major Applications: Lubricant, Process aid

H.L. Blachford Ltd.: Metallic Stearates (Continued):

Stearates 71

Sodium Oleate: Total Ash, %: 10.0 Free Fatty Acid, %: 1.3 Softening Point, C: 205 Appearance: Beige Powder Major Applications: Lubricant, Process aid

Sodium Stearate 100: Total Ash, %: 10.4 Free Fatty Acid, %: 0.25 Softening Point, C: 207 Appearance: White Powder Major Applications: Lubricant, Emulsifier, Gelling Agent

Zinc Stearate 128: Total Ash, %: 15.0 Free Fatty Acid, %: 0.5 Softening Point, C: 123 Appearance: White Powder Major Applications: Lubricant, Anti-stick Agent

Zinc Stearate 161: Total Ash, %: 14.5 Softening Point, C: 118 min. Appearance: White powder Major Applications: Anti-stick Agent for Rubber

Zinc Stearate 180: Total Ash, %: 14.9 Free Fatty Acid, %: 0.5 Softening Point, C: 123 Appearance: White powder Major Applications: Lubricant, Anti-stick Agent

Zinc Stearate 201: Total Ash, %: 14.5 Free Fatty Acid, %: 0.4 Softening Point, C: 124 Appearance: Lubricant, Waterproofer

72

Plastics Additives

H.L. Blachford Ltd.: Metallic Soaps and Stabilizers: Barium Laurate: Total Ash, %: 37.1 Free Fatty Acid, %: 0.25 Softening Point, C: 222 Appearance: White Powder Major Applications: PVC Stabilizer, Lubricant

CHEMSTAB 254: Softening Point, C: 126 Appearance: White Powder Major Applications: Solid Ba/Zn PVC Stabilizer

Chemstab 316: Softening Point, C: 126 Appearance: White Powder Major Applications: Solid Ca/Zn PVC Stabilizer

Chemstab BZ-2: Softening Point, C: 124 Appearance: White Powder Major Applications: Solid Ba/Zn PVC Stabilizer

Zinc Laurate: Total Ash, %: 17.0 Free Fatty Acid, %: 0.3 Softening Point, C: 132 Appearance: White Powder Major Applications: Lubricant, PVC Stabilizer, Catalyst

Stearates 73

Ferro Corp.: Metallic Stearates: Aluminum Stearates: 505: Ash, %: 15.2 Free Fatty Acid, %: 2.8 Softening Point, C: 235

303: Ash, %: 8.4 Free Fatty Acid, %: 6.0 Softening Point, C: 155

404: Ash, %: 7.0 Free Fatty Acid, %: 15 Softening Point, C: 125

R: Ash, %: 7.4 Free Fatty Acid, %: 13 Softening Point, C: 145

598 : Ash, %: 9.7 Free Fatty Acid, %: 3.4 Softening Point, C: 165

Non-Gel: Ash, %: 9.8 Free Fatty Acid, %: 8.0 Softening Point, C: 145

NF: Ash, %: 15.2 Free Fatty Acid, %: 2.8 Softening Point, C: 230

GM: Ash, %: 9.3 Free Fatty Acid, % 3.3 Softening Point, C: 155

Lo Gel II. Ash, %: 7.0 Free Fatty Acid, %: 15 Softening Point, C: 125

Hi Gel I: Ash, %: 8.4 Free Fatty Acid, %: 6.0 Softening Point, C: 155

74

Plastics Additives

Ferro Corp.: Metallic Stearates (Continued): Magnesium Stearates: 90: Ash, %: 8.6 Free Fatty Acid, %: 0.5 Softening Point C: 157

NF: Ash, %: 7.9 Free Fatty Acid, %: 0.5 Softening Point, C: 155

Food Grade (Kosher): Ash, %: 8.0 Free Fatty Acid, %: 0.5 Softening Point, C: 155

Specialty Stearates: Barium Stearate: Ash, %: 28.5 Free Fatty Acid, %: 0.2 Softening Point, C: 250

Calcium Pelargonate: Ash, %: 15.1 Free Fatty Acid, %: 0.4

Calcium/Zinc 1580: Ash, %: Ca-2.9//Zn-7.1 Softening Point, C: 105

Lithium Stearate: Ash, %: 5.4 Free Fatty Acid, %: 0.5 Softening Point, C: 212

Sodium Stearate: Ash, %: 10.7 Free Fatty Acid, %: 0.2 Softening Point, C: 205

Zinc Laurate: Ash, %: 17.8 Free Fatty Acid, %: 1.0 Softening Point, C: 125

Stearates 75

Ferro Corp.: Metallic Stearates (Continued): Zinc Stearates: ABG: Ash, %: 13.9 Softening Point, C: 120

DLG-10: Ash, %: 14.4 Softening Point, C: 120

D:

ACF: Ash, %: 13.9 Softening Point, C: 120

DLG-20: Ash, %: 17.8 Softening Point, C: 112

GP: Ash, %: 15.0 Softening Point, C: 120

H:

Ash, %: 13.7 Softening Point, C: 120

L: Ash, %: 14.8 Softening Point, C: 122

S-1058: Ash, %: 15.9 Softening Point, C: 120

USP: Ash, %: 13.8 Softening Point, C: 120

XRP: Ash, %: 14.6 Softening Point, C: 120

ZINCLOID: Ash, %: 13.5 Softening Point, C: 122

44HS: Ash, %: 13.7 Softening Point, C: 120

Ash, %: 16.9 Softening Point, C: 120

S-1200: Ash, %: 13.1 Softening Point, C: 120

Wettable: Ash, %: 13.4 Softening Point, C: 120

ZN 41: Ash, %: 13.4 Softening Point, C: 120

8: Ash, %: 13.3 Softening Point, C: 120

76

Plastics Additives

Ferro Corp.: Metallic Stearates (Continued): Calcium Stearates: 12B: Ash, %: 11.2 Softening Point, C: 155

15: Ash, %: 11.4 Softening Point, C: 155

15F: Ash, %: 11.4 Softening Point, C: 155

24-46: Ash, %: 9.3 Softening Point, C: 155

114-36: Ash, %: 9.5 Softening Point, C: 155

114-40: Ash, %: 9.5 Softening Point, C: 152

CP-11: Ash, %: 9.9 Softening Point, C: 155

CP-22G: Ash, %: 10.6 Softening Point, C: 155

Food Grade (Kosher): Ash, %: 9.9 Softening Point, C: 154

NF: Ash, %: 9.2 Softening Point, C: 155

S-1244: Ash, %: 11.2 Softening Point, C: 155

Wettable: Ash, %: 9.2 Softening Point, C: 155

Dispersion CW-1250: Ash, %: 9.4

Section XXIII Viscosity Regulators

98

Plastics Additives

Degussa: AEROSIL for PVC Plastisols: This highly dispersed silica Aerosil has been an established concept in the plastics industry for years. In many cases where problems of controlling viscosity such as thickening and thixotropizing must be solved, Aerosil – thanks to its extremely fine particles and high chemical purity – has proven very effective. This statement also applies to the field of PVC plastisols.

Aerosil 200 Aerosil 300 Aerosil 380 Aerosil is a synthetically derived silica which is produced by hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride in an oxyhydrogen flame. This synthesis results in very pure, highly-dispersed silicas, the specific surface areas of which are used to designate the various grades of the product. That is, the numbers 200, 300, and 380 indicate that the particular product has a specific surface area of 200, 300, and 380 m2/g respectively.

Aerosil 200: Fluffy white powder BET surface area: m2/g: 200+-25 Average primary particle size: nm: 12 Ignition Loss: %: <1 pH Value: 3.6-4.3 SiO2: %: >99.8

Aerosil 300: Fluffy white powder BET surface area: m2/g: 300+-30 Average primary particle size: nm: 7 Ignition Loss: %: <2 pH Value: 3.6-4.3 SiO2: %: >99.8

Aerosil 380: Fluffy white powder BET surface area: m2/g: 380+-30 Average primary particle size: nm: 7 Ignition Loss: %: <2.5 pH Value: 3.6-4.3 SiO2: %: >99.8

Section XXIV Waxes

100 Plastics Additives

CasChem, Inc.: PARICIN 220 Fatty Acid Amide: Paricin 220, a hydroxystearamide wax, is a brittle, tan solid Advantages: * High melting, hard, waxy solid * Good lubricating and anti-static properties * Mold release agent * Excellent alkali resistance Typical Properties: Color and Form: Tan Flakes Specific Gravity at 25C/25C: 1.049 Melting Point, C: 104 Acid Value: 2 Saponification Value: 14 Iodine Value: 4 Hydroxyl Value: 300 Volatile, 105C, %: 0.3 Solubility: Paricin 220 is insoluble in water and mineral spirits, but shows varying degrees of solubility in other liquids. For example: Solubility of Paricin 220 Solvent: (grams/100 ml solvent, 25C) Ethyl Alcohol 15 Cellosolve (Union Carbide Corp.) 7.7 Methyl Ethyl Ketone 1.6 Butyl Acetate 1.4 Toluene 0.6

Waxes

Ferro Corp.: PETRAC Waxes, Wax Blends, and GMS: Petrac 165 Paraffin Wax: Acid Value: 0.1 Melting Pt, F: 162 Color, Gardner (1963): 1 Congealing Point, F: 158 Needle Penetration @ 77F (ASTM D-1321): 15 Form: Flake, Prill

Petrac 215 Oxidized Polyethylene Wax: Acid Value: 12 Melting Pt, F: 212 Color, Gardner (1963): 2 Penetration Hardness (ASTM D-5): 4 Form: Powder

Petrac 380-165/215 Blend: Needle Penetration @ 77F (ASTM D-1321): 10 Form: Prill

Petrac 480-165/215/Calcium Stearate Blend: Color, Gardner (1963): 2 Congealing Point, F: 162 Ash, % (as CaO): 3.0 Moisture, %: 0.5 Free Fatty Acid, %: 1.5 Form: Prill

Petrac GMS Glycerol Monostearate: Acid Value: 2 Melting Pt, F: 140 Color, Gardner (1963): 1 Iodine Value: 2.5 Free Glycerol, %: 1 Alpha Monoglycerides,%: 43 Form: Flake

101

102 Plastics Additives

Genesee Polymers Corp.: Silicone Waxes: EXP-58 Silicone Wax: A 100% active organo silicone wax copolymer. This unique product is recommended for use as a lubricant, mold release agent and internal lubricant for plastics. When combined with aliphatic solvents, such as mineral spirits, EXP-58 forms a dry, colorless film on substrates. This film is stable and will not break down in the presence of water. The lack of any dimethyl silicone removes the problems of orange peel, fisheyes, or similar effects normally associated with dimethyl silicone. Typical Properties: Appearance: White Solid Specific Gravity: 0.85 Wt./Gallon: 7.1 lbs Storage Stability: Indefinite Solubility: Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Solvents Melting Point: 43C

EXP-61 Amine Functional Silicone Wax: Genesee Polymers' EXP-61 is a 100% active amine functional silicone wax. This novel silicone wax copolymer is readily soluble after melting in mineral spirits to provide a solvent-based release agent. A dry, colorless film is formed on substrates that is recommended for evaluation as a lubricant, water repellent, anti-blocking agent and internal processing aids. Since EXP-61 contains no dimethyl silicone, it will not cause orange peel, fish eyes or similar effects associated with conventional silicones. Another outstanding feature of this product is the amine function-ality that provides temporary rust protection and good bonding to mold substrates. EXP-61 may be easily removed by steam cleaning or solvent wash. Typical Properties: Appearance: White Solid % Active: 100% Specific Gravity: 0.88 Wt./Gallon: 7.4 lbs Melting Point: 39C

Waxes

103

Genesee Polymers Corp.: Silicone Waxes (Continued): EXP-77 Silicone Wax: EXP-77 Silicone Wax is a 100% active silicone copolymer wax. This unique product is designed to provide good release of molded metal, plastic and rubber parts. The mercapto functionality provides both enhanced release performance and greater heat stability to the release film. When blended with other Genesee Polymers' fluids, EXP-77 makes an internal processing aid for molded rubber parts; with minimal effect on knitting properties and tensile strength. Typical Properties: Appearance: White Solid Wt./Gallon: 7.3 lbs. Specific Gravity: 0.88 % Active: 100% Melting Point: 115F Solubility: Aliphatic and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Solvents

GP-7101 Silicone Wax: Based on a combination of dimethyl silicone fluid with organic wax side chains. The combination of silicone and wax groups in GP-7101 suggests uses in mold release agents, rubber and plastic lubrication, textile lubricants, and as a formulation ingredient in waxes and polishes for automotive and furniture applications. Contains no free dimethyl silicone fluid and will not show the traditional transfer or wash-off associated with conventional silicone fluids used in polishes. Typical Properties: Appearance: White Solid Wt./Gallon: 7.0 lbs. Flash Point (P.M.C.C.): >300F Specific Gravity: 0.97 Active Ingredient: 100% Solubility: Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Chlorinated Solvents Melting Point: 25C-40C

GP-7102 Silicone Wax: Based on a combination of dimethyl silicone fluid with organic wax side chains. The unique grafted copolymer structure of GP-7102 provides a special range of lubrication and compatibility characteristics, suggesting uses in mold release agents, waxes and polishes, textiles and plastic lubricants, and as an ingredient in oil based metal working fluids. Typical Properties: Appearance (25C): Cloudy, Waxy Semi-Solid Wt./Gallon: 7.8 lbs Flash Point (P.M.C.C.): >200F Specific Gravity: 0.97 Active Ingredient: 100% Storage Stability: Indefinite Solubility: Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Chlorinated Solvents Melting Point: 100F-110F

104 Plastics Additives

Frank B. Ross Co., Inc.: Microcrystalline Wax: Composition: Microcrystalline Waxes consist of a matrix of extremely small crystals. They are sometimes referred to as amorphous wax--reflecting an early error based on the difficulty of identifying the presence of microscopic crystals. Their molecular structure consists of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons including normal paraffins, branched paraffins, monocyclic compounds and polycyclic compounds. Typical End Uses: * Detergent Cartons--paper to board * Bakery Cartons--glassine to board * Cake Mix Pouches--glassine to glassine * Snack Packages--glassine/foil/glassine * Ream and Roll Wrap--kraft to kraft * Electro Plating--masking agent * Impregnation--electrical capacitors, condensers * Caulking Compounds * Pipe Coating Compounds * Hot Melt Adhesives and Coatings

Ross No. White: 1329/1 1365 155W 1251/7 214 1275WH 1275W 180 15 863 190 1160/4 1135/15W

Melting Point F

Penetration 77F

140-150 140-150 150-160 150-160 160-170 165-175 170-180 180-185 180-185 190-200 190-200 195-205 195-206

25-30 25-30 25-35 10-15 10-15 60-80 25-35 8-15 8-15 3-5 5-12 5-12 3-7

125-135 140-150 140-150 150-160 160-170 170-180 170-180 170-180 172-182

35-45 25-30 25-30 25-35 5-15 25-35 15-20 25-30 15-25

175-185

18-22

195-205

3-7

Yellow: 130 669 1385 155A 165 1275ML 170 Amber 2305 171

Black: 170 Black

Powdered (White): 1135/15W

Waxes

105

Frank B. Ross Co., Inc.: Montan Wax: Montan Wax is derived from lignite which is vegetable matter partly mineralized to a product related to bituminous coal. The lignites from which the Montan Waxes are extracted are found chiefly in Central Europe and California. The method of extraction and refining is basically the same, both in this country and in Europe. The waxy part is extracted from the lignites (crushed to a powder form) by selective solvents. Then the wax is purified.

Grades Available: German—Crude: Prills, Powdered Domestic--Flakes, Powdered

Physical Properties: German--Crude: Melting Point: 181-192F (83.89C) Acid No.: 20-38 Saponification No.: 74-104 Ash, percent: 0.3-0.6 Rosin Test: Negative

Domestic--Crude--Refined: Melting Point: 175-190F (79.4-89C) Acid No.: 20-55 Saponification No.: 75-135 Ash, percent: 0.2-0.3 Rosin Test: Negative Color: Dark Brown, Brown, Tan

Bleached Montan Wax: Melting Point: 165-175F (73.9-79.4C) Acid No.: 1-10 Saponification No.: 30-45 Color: Off White

Compatibility: Vegetable Waxes Hydrocarbons Resins

Uses: Carnauba Substitutes Inks-Carbon Paper, Printing Polishes-Shoe, Automobile, Furniture Rubber Products Plastics Defoaming Agent Records Insulation Sizing Adhesives

106 Plastics Additives

Frank B. Ross Co., Inc.:

ROSS Wax #100: Fischer-Tropsch Wax:

Chemical and Physical Properties: A white hard wax with very high melting point and low viscosity. The analysis is as follows: Congealing Point: 200-215F Needle Penetration at 77F: 1-5 Percent of Oil: 0.5 max. Viscosity at 120C (SUS): 80 Acid Value: Nil Saponification Value: Nil Ash Content: 0.01% Color: White Form: Flakes Solubility: Is soluble hot in almost all solvents Uses: Wax Blends Floor Waxes Textiles Coatings Candles Hot Melts and Hot Melt Adhesives Paint and Varnish Printing Ink Carbon Paper Rubber and Plastic Electric and Electric PVC Asphalt

Increases melting point Increases gloss, solvent retention and heel marking resistance For impregnation and sealing On cheese, fruits and vegetables To increase the melting point and opacity As a component that increases the melting point without increasing the viscosity Dulling agent Adds abrasion resistance To increase the melting point and eliminate adherence As a mold release Good dielectric characteristics and high melting Isolation point As an external lubricant To increase melting point and reduce viscosity

Waxes

107

Frank B. Ross Co., Inc.: ROSS Wax No. 130, No. 145, No. 165: Petroleum waxes are used primarily to delay fusion and reduce the high melt viscosities associated with initial fusion in the extrusion of plastics. The most commonly used petroleum waxes are those melting at about 130 to 165F. This melting range represents carbon chains approximately 40 atoms long. Although the congealing point is the most common means of classifying petroleum based lubricants, it is not the determining factor in predicting external behavior. The extent of branching and presence of cyclic components greatly influence the external properties. Ross Wax No. 130, No. 145 and No. 165 are fully refined, high melting point petroleum waxes. They are widely used in the formulating of PVC and electrical wire and cable compounds, as well as other applications which require a lubricant which is effective in small quantities without danger of exudation.

No. 130: Form: Prills Color: White Specific Gravity (15c/15c): 0.930-0.936 Melting Point: 130-135F

No. 145: Form: Prills Color: White Specific Gravity (15c/15c): 0.930-0.936 Melting Point: 140-150F

No. 165: Form: Prills Color: White Specific Gravity (15c/15c): 0.930-0.936 Melting Point: 158-165F

108 Plastics Additives

Frank B. Ross Co., Inc.: Ross Wax 140: Synthetic High Melting Point Wax: Powdered: Physical Properties: A Lily-White, medium-hard wax which remains stable under prolonged molten conditions. Melting Point: 280-293F (138-145C) Flash Point: 530F Min Acid Number: 3-10 Specific Gravity: 0.9700 Penetration--ASTM D-52 at 100 grams: 4.5 Dielectric Strength: 233 Volts per mil Volume Resistivity: 0.99X10 13 Ohms-cm Dielectric Constant at 10 6 cycles: 2.28 Power Factor at 10 6 cycles: 0.020 Solubility in Hot Solvents: Naphtha Carbitol Xylene Isopropanol

Trichloroethylene

Insoluble in Solvents at Room Temperature and Insoluble in Water. Compatible With: Hydrocarbon Waxes Vegetable Waxes Fats

Ester Type Waxes Hydrogenated Castor Oil Rosin

Uses: As Ingredient, Finish or Processing Aid in: Adhesives Ammunition Asphalt Explosives Paints Pyrotechnics Polyvinyl Chloride Textile Finishes Anti-Adhesive, Anti-Blocking, Anti-Tack Agent Foundry Shell Molding Resins Hot Melt Coatings Lubricants--Internal, Mold Release, Surface Paper Components, Coatings Paper--Hot Cups and Dishes Powdered Metal Products Wire Drawing Compounds Wax Compounds Requiring Elevated Melting Points

Waxes

109

Frank B. Ross Co., Inc.: ROSS Wax 160: Synthetic High Melting Point Wax: Powdered: Physical Properties: A tan, medium hard wax which remains stable under prolonged molten conditions, except the color may darken. Melting Point: 315-330F (157-166C) Flash Point: 590 Min. Acid Number: Maximum 10 Iodine Value: 7.5 Specific Gravity: 1.0232 Penetration--ASTM D5-61 at 100 grams: 1-5 Dielectric Constant (1000 cycles): 3.0 Power Factor: 0.00977 Solubility in Hot Solvents: Naphtha Xylene Carbitol

Isopropanol Trichloroethylene Toluene

Insoluble in Solvents at Ordinary Temperatures or in Water. Compatible with: Hydrocarbon Waxes Hydrogenated Castor Oil Ester Type Waxes Fats Vegetable Waxes Rosin Raises Melting Point of Waxes: Added to other waxes and esters, their melting (dropping) points (ASTM D127-63) are raised. Uses: As Ingredient, Finish or Processing Aid: Adhesives Ammunition Explosives Paints Pyrotechnics Release Agent Textile Finishes Varnish Anti-Adhesive, Blocking, Tack Agent Foundry Shell Molding Resins Hot Melt Coatings Lubricants--Internal, Mold, Surface Paper Components, Coatings Propellants--Missiles, Rockets Powdered Metal Products Plastic Film

Section XXV Miscellaneous & Multipurpose Compounds

Miscellaneous & Multipurpose Compounds

111

Claude Bamberger Molding Compounds Corp.: BAMBERKO ULTIMAX Purging Compound: Hi-molecular Ultimax is formulated to purge all types of engineering and thermoplastic materials. It will not damage or scratch injection cylinders and extrusion barrels. It is recommended for use in swift color or resin changeovers and to clean equipment of carbonized residue Ultimax will not melt completely, and is designed to purge hi-heat and high temperature engineering plastics and other difficult purging jobs. While most purging compounds work best in a 350-450F (176 to 230 Celsius) range, Ultimax is designed for use in purging high heat engineering plastics in the 450-525F (230 to 275 Celsius) range. Compared to other purge compounds, Ultimax will clean equipment more quickly and more efficiently in a considerable saving of a manufacturer’s ‘downtime’. In most instances it will work without the need to change temperatures. Produced from prime resin, Ultimax is recommended for use in FDA approved food contact items... ...as well as for manufacturing medical products Ultimax minimizes unpleasant odors and fumes, making it environmentally friendly.

112 Plastics Additives

Buckman Laboratories, Inc.: Successful Applications of BUSAN 11-M1 in Plastic and Rubber Compounds: Busan 11-M1 is a multifunctional barium metaborate pigment used as a fire retardant, fungus inhibitor, and UV light stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride and other plastic and rubber compounds. Typical of PVC products compounded with Busan 11-M1 are automotive tops and trims, inflatable buildings, pond liners, roofing, and plastic-coated fabrics such as tarpaulins and awnings. The effectiveness of Busan 11-M1 as a fire retardant is restricted to polymers containing a halogen donor or to which one can be combined. Bromine compounds are somewhat more effective than other halogens but chlorinated paraffin and chlorindic anhydride have performed very well. Experience has indicated that Busan 11-M1 can replace antimony trioxide in most fire retardant formulations. Subject to the degree of halogenation and the degree of fire resistance required. Replacement can be 50 to 100%. In addition to providing after-flame resistance, Busan 11-M1 also reduces the time of afterglow (i.e., flameless combustion) and in many formulations reduces the amount of smoke generation. Other advantages over antimony trioxide are the low refractive index of Busan 11-M1 which prevents interference in tint and dye requirements and the fungicidal activity that characterizes barium metaborate. Busan 11-M1 is well known as a fungicide for coatings and plastics. Its advantages in plastics and plastic-coated fabrics over conventional organic fungicides are longevity in the film and efficacy unaffected by UV exposure. Products particularly susceptible by fungal disfigurement and/or deterioration include pond liners, tarpaulins, awnings, and shower curtains. Busan 11-M1 provides UV light stabilization to most polymeric materials including PVC and glass-reinforced polyester. Its durability in these materials is outstanding and thus extends the performance of UV absorbers.

Miscellaneous & Multipurpose Compounds

113

BYK-Chemie USA: Air Release Additives for PVC Plastisols: ...ensure consistent processing and high product quality by minimizing the entrapped air which is generated during production and subsequent processing. Effects of undesired air entrapments: during production and processing: * Long mixing and deaeration times * viscosity increase * temperature increase * rheological problems in the finished product: * haze * pin holes * color differences * print disturbance by porous surface

BYK-3105: Methlylalkyl-polysiloxan Density at 20C: g/ml: 0.91 Non-volatile matter: 10 minutes/150C: %: >98 Clear, light yellow liquid

BYK-3155: Compound of polyoxyalkylen-derivatives Density at 20C: g/ml: 1.13 Non-volatile matter: %: >80 Clear, colorless liquid

BYK-3160: Mixture of surface active substances with foam destroying properties Density at 20C: g/ml: 0.99 Refractive index: 1.473 Non-volatile matter: %: >98 Slightly, turbid yellowish liquid Recommended incorporation: To prevent the foam and blister formation during production and/or application the air release additive should be mixed with the plasticizer during plastisol preparation.

114 Plastics Additives

BYK-Chemie USA: Air Release Additives for Ambient Cure Polyester Resins: Undesired air inclusions are formed during resin manufacture and subsequent processing into finished parts of coatings. They restrict processability because they cause stable foam during filling and application. They reduce the quality of the finished parts. Air inclusions: * lower the chemical resistance * cause optical defects * reduce the physical properties Therefore: Air Release Additives should be a fixed component of every quality tuned polyester resin formulation.

BYK-A Series: Chemical characterization: Solution of foam destroying polymers, silicon free

A-555: Density at 20C/68F: g/ml: 0.88 Refractive index: 1.507 Non-volatile matter: %: 38 Hazen color index: max: 250 Flash point: C/F: 43/109

A-515: Density at 20C/68F: g/ml: 0.82 Refractive Index: 1.440 Non-volatile matter: %: 20 Hazen color index: max: 250 Flash point: C/F: 34/93

A 501: Density at 20C/68F: 0.89 Refractive Index: 1.500 Non-volatile matter: %: 44 Hazen color index: max: 200 Flash point: C/F: 46/115

A 500: Density at 20C/68F: 0.88 Refractive Index: 1.495 Non-volatile matter: %: 6.5 Hazen color index: max: 200 Flash point: C/F: 45/113

Miscellaneous & Multipurpose Compounds

115

BYK-Chemie USA: Air Release Additive/Agents: BYK-A 525: Air Release Additive for Thermoset Resin Systems Application Fields: Thermoset resin systems Technical Properties: BYK-A 525 is used to prevent air inclusions and porosity in thermoset resin systems such as unfilled/filled (e.g. with quartz) epoxy,polyurethane or phenolic resins, etc. Recommended Dosage and Incorporation: Based on total formulation weight: 0.1%-0.5% BYK-A 525 must be homogeneously stirred into the resin prior to the addition of the hardener. In filled systems it is recommended to add BYK-A 525 to the resin prior to the addition of filler to prevent air entrapment caused during the manufacturing process. Chemical Characterization: Solution of a polyether modified methylalkyl polysiloxane copolymer Typical Data: Weight per U.S. gallon: 7.17 lb./gal. Flash point: 38C/100F Density at 20C/68F: 0.86 g/ml Refractive index: 1.441 Non-volatile matter: 52% Appearance: clear to slightly turbid, colorless to yellowish liquid

BYK-A 530: Air Release Agent and Defoamer for Solvent-Based and Solvent-Free Systems Composition: Solution of foam destroying polymers and polysiloxanes Typical Physical Data: Density at 20C/68F: 0.81 Weight/U.S. gal (lb/gal): 6.74 Non-volatile matter in %: 5.0 Flash point: >95C/203F Solvents: Distillates (petroleum), hydrotreated light Recommended Amounts: % additive (delivery form) based upon: Total formulation: BYK-A 530: 0.2-0.5 Special Properties and Advantages: BYK-A 530 is an excellent defoamer and air release agent. It shows its effectiveness during both the production and processing of paint systems. BYK-A 530 is especially suitable for the usage in epoxy resins systems.

116 Plastics Additives

Chemax, Inc.: CHEMSTAT Compounds: Chemstat HTSA #1A (N-Oleyl Palmitamide): Chemstat HTSA #1A is a specially synthesized, nitrogeneous organic compound, designed for use as a slip additive for thermoplasticsparticularly BOP film. Due to the chemical composition of Chemstat HTSA #1A, it also imparts anti-block, anti-stat and mold release characteristics. Appearance @ 25C: Ivory beads Specifications: Color (APHA) 2% in IPA: 60 maximum % Fatty Acid: 2.0 maximum % Oleyl Amine: 2.0 maximum Melt Point, C: 63-80 Performance Features: * Superior use in BOPP film. * Provides superior slip and excellent anti-block characteristics

Chemstat HTSA #3B (Slip Agent-Stearyl Erucamide): Chemstat HTSA #3B is designed for use in most thermoplastics, to impart improved characteristics, such as slip, anti-blocking, and mold release. It is designed for plastic materials having process temperatures in excess of 300C. Typical Properties: Appearance @ 25C: Free flowing white beads Solubility in water: Insoluble Specifications: Color (Gardner): 5.0 Maximum Melting Point, C: 70-76 Acid Value: 2 Maximum Performance Features: * Easy to handle bead form * Exceptional thermal stability--no breakdown below 300C * Effective in a variety of thermoplastics resins: nylon, polyolefins, PVC, PVC copolymers and polyamides. * Can be successfully incorporated into high clarity thermoplastic film without impairment of the optical properties with no evidence of slip additive "plate-out".

Miscellaneous & Multipurpose Compounds

117

Chemax, Inc.: CHEMSTAT Compounds (Continued): Chemstat HTSA #3B/PR (Slip Agent-Stearyl Erucamide): Chemstat HTSA #3B/PR is designed for use in thermo-plastics, to impart improved characteristics; such as slip, antiblocking, and mold release. It is designed for plastic materials having process temperatures in excess of 300C. Typical Properties: Appearance @ 25C: Off-white powder Solubility in water: Insoluble Specifications: Color (Gardner): 40 Maximum Melting Point, C: 72-76 Acid Value: 8.0 Maximum Total Amine Value: 10.0 Maximum Performance Features: * Easy to handle free-flowing powder * Exceptional thermal stability-no breakdown below 300C * Effective in a variety of thermoplastic resins: nylon, polyolefins, PVC, PVC copolymers and polyamides * Can be successfully incorporated into high clarity thermoplastic film without impairment of the optical properties with no evidence of slip additive "plate out".

Chemstat HTSA#18 (Slip Agent-Primary Amide-Oleamide): Chemstat HTSA#18 is designed to modify the surface properties of LDPE and PP film. Chemstat primary amides are used as slip and antiblock agents in polyolefins and other polymers. They fuction by migrating to the polymer surface where they exert a lubricating effect. Typical Properties: Appearance @ 25C: Free flow white beads Iodine Value: 91 Solubility in water: Insoluble Specifications: Color (Gardner): 2 Maximum Melting Point, C: 71-76 Amide, %: 98 Minimum Moisture, %: 0.20 Maximum Acid Value: 1 Maximum Performance Features: * Reduces both the block tendency and the co-efficient of friction * Good slip agent * Exhibits a greater reduction in blocking tendency than any other primary amide * Thermal stability up to 195C * Bloom rate to the surface is faster with oleamide vs. erucamide

118 Plastics Additives

Chemax, Inc.: CHEMSTAT Compounds (Continued): Chemstat HTSA#18S (Slip Agent-Primary Amide-Stearamide): Chemstat HTSA#18S is designed to modify the surface properties of LDPE film. Chemstat primary amides are used as slip and anti-block agents in polyolefins and other polymers. They function by migrating to the polymer surface where they exert a lubricating effect. Typical Properties: Appearance @ 25C: Free flowing white beads Iodine Value: 2 Maximum Solubility in water: Insoluble Specifications: Color (Gardner): 5 Maximum Melting Point, C: 97-102 Amide, %: 97 Minimum Moisture, %: 0.50 Maximum Acid Value: 5 Maximum Performance Features: • Reduces both the block tendency and the co-efficient of friction. • Good slip agent. • Exhibits a greater reduction in blocking tendency than any other primary amide. • Thermal stability up to 170C. • Improved clarity vs. inorganic antiblock agents.

Chemstat HTSA#218/VIT (Slip Agent/Dispersant): Chemstat HTSA#218/VIT was developed as a slip agent/dispersant for polypropylene film applications. Typical Properties: Appearance: White solid Solubility in water: Insoluble Tertiary Amine, %: 97 Water, %: 0.8 Specifications: Color (Gardner): 3 Maximum Amine Value: 89-92 Acid Value: 5 Maximum FDA Status: As cited under 21 CFR 178.3130

Miscellaneous & Multipurpose Compounds

119

Danisco Cultor USA, Inc.: Products and Applications: Application: PP Injection Molding: Product: DIMODAN PM/Dimodan PVK/Dimodan PM PEL Effect: Excellent antistat and mold release properties Product: Dimodan PML 70 Effect: Outstanding antistat properties in impact copolymers Product: Dimodan ML 90 Effect: Immediate antistat effect and improved mold release properties. Application: PP Film and Sheet Extrusion Product: Dimodan PM/Dimodan PVK Effect: Antistat properties Application: PP Fibers Product: Dimodan MB 90 Effect: Excellent lubricant and processing aid. Especially suited for high temperature processing and high shear applications. Application: PP Thermoforming Product: Dimodan PM/Dimodan PVK Effect: Good lubricant and antistat properties Product: Dimodan MB 90 Effect: Antistat and lubricant properties, improving melt strength. Reduced additive volatility and degradation at high recycle rates Application: BOPP Product: Dimodan PM/Dimodan PVK Effect: Good antistat and lubricant properties Product: Dimodan MB 90 Effect: Antistat and lubricant properties. Imparts better polymer matrix compatibility Application: PP Foam Product: Dimodan PM/Dimodan PVK Effect: Improved foam stability

120 Plastics Additives

Danisco Cultor USA, Inc.: Products and Applications (Continued): Application: LDPE and EVA Copolymer Film: Product: DIMODAN MO 90 Effect: Excellent antifog properties at reduced loading levels Product: GRINDSTED PS 414 Effect: Outstanding antistat properties Application: LLDPE Film Product: Grindsted PS 414 Effect: Outstanding antistat properties Application: HDPE Injection Molding Product: Dimodan PML 70 Effect: Excellent antistat properties Product: Dimodan PM/Dimodan PVK Effect: Antistat properties Application: PE Foam Product: Dimodan PM Effect: Improved foam stability

Miscellaneous & Multipurpose Compounds

121

Danisco Cultor USA, Inc.: Recommended Glycerol Ester Based Additives for Polyolefins: Danisco Cultor offers the following glycerol ester based plastics additives for various polypropylene and polyethylene application areas:

DIMODAN PVK: Is a distilled monoglyceride (minimum monoester content in excess of 90%) made from edible, fully hydrogenated vegetable oil. It is used as a mold release agent, processing aid, dispersing aid, and/or antistat in polyolefins. Dimodan PVK is also used as a lubricant in plastics extrusion and for surface modification of pigments and fillers.

Dimodan PM: Is a distilled monoglyceride (minimum monoester content in excess of 90%) made from edible, fully hydrogenated lard or tallow. It too may be used as an antistat, mold release agent, dispersing aid and/or processing aid in polyolefins, or as a lubricant in extrusion. Dimodan PM is also used for surface modification of fillers and pigments.

Dimodan PM PEL: Is a pellet form of Dimodan PM. It is particularly attractive to many polymer producers and processors who favor this product form's handling characteristics over those of beaded or powdered materials.

Dimodan ML 90: This product functions as a good mold release agent with immediate antistat effect and improved mold release properties, over distilled glycerol monostearate (GMS), in injection molding applications.

Dimodan MB 90: Features lower volatility during polymer processing when compared to conventional GMS. Therefore, Dimodan MB 90 brings advantages to a number of high temperature processing applicatons; such as fiber extrusion, thermoforming and BOPP film.

Dimodan MO 90: Is an effective antifog agent in various LDPE and EVA copolymer polyethylene food packaging applications. It will also work as a wetting agent in LDPE films.

122 Plastics Additives

Danisco Cultor USA, Inc.: Recommended Glycerol Ester Based Additives for Polyolefins (Continued): DIMODAN PML 70: Is a newly designed and engineered glycerol ester. Developmental work has demonstrated Dimodan PML 70 to be an extremely effective antistatic agent in injection molded block (impact) copolymer PP and injection molded HDPE applications.

GRINDSTED PS 101: Is a triglyceride (GTS). Danisco Cultor recommends PS 101 as an external lubricant which can be used to conserve energy during the extrusion of reactor grade PP.

Grindsted PS 414: Is yet another performance tailored new product from Danisco. It functions as a good antistat for LDPE and LLDPE films. PS 414 performs well in comparison to the ethoxylated amines and amide type antistats which have FDA restrictions on their use in food contact applications. Since all of the components of Grindsted PS 414 are fully FDA sanctioned for use in LDPE and LLDPE, it should be considered by the formulator for applications needing FDA clearance and excellent antistatic functionality.

Miscellaneous & Multipurpose Compounds

123

Dyneon: DYNAMAR Polymer Processing Additives: FX 5911X: Features and Benefits: • Broadens extrusion processing capabilities of polyolefin resins • Ideal for use in high viscosity, high molecular weight polyolefins • Excellent thermal stability for high temperature processing • Reduces or eliminates die build-up • Lowers apparent melt viscosity • For use at very low levels • Free-flowing fluoropolymer processing aid • Can offer performance and cost advantages

FX 5920A: Features and Benefits: • Broadens extrusion capabilities of polyolefin resins • Ideal for use in polyolefin resins containing antiblocking agents, pigments and other inorganic additives • Reduces or eliminates melt fracture • Reduces or eliminates die build-up • Lowers apparent melt viscosity • For use at very low levels • Free-flowing fluoropolymer based processing aid • Can offer performance and cost advantages

FX 5920B: Features and Benefits: • Broadens extrusion capabilities of polyolefin resins • Designed for x-ray fluorescence analytical test methods • Ideal for use in polyolefin resins containing antiblocking agents, pigments and other inorganic additives • Reduces or eliminates melt fracture • Reduces or eliminates die build-up • Lowers apparent melt viscosity • For use at very low levels • Free-flowing fluoropolymer-based processing aid • Can offer performance and cost advantages

FX 9613: Features and Benefits: • Broadens extrusion processing capabilities of polyolefin resins • Ideal for use in low melt index LLDPE and high molecular weight HDPE resins • Excellent thermal stability for high temperature processing • Reduces or eliminates melt fracture • Reduces or eliminates die build-up • Lowers apparent melt viscosity • For use at very low levels • Free-flowing fluoropolymer-based processing aid • Can offer performance and cost advantages

124 Plastics Additives

Paratherm Corp.: PARATHERM NF Heat Transfer Fluid: The odorless NF fluid is widely used in plastics and rubber machinery to precisely and uniformly control temperature in molds, barrels, dies, screws, platens, and calender rolls to 600F. It is highly efficient, cost effective and thermally stable. Paratherm NF heat transfer fluid is rated for service to 600F. Completely non-toxic, the NF fluid is exceptionally safe to use and easy to dispose. Used or contaminated fluid can be safely combined with spent lubricating oils and recycled locally (EPA, citation 57FR21524). The NF fluid is specified in a variety of applications, world wide. It is tough and durable with a proven record of success under demanding conditions, yet is easy and safe to handle. Physical Properties: Feedstock base: NF/USP hydrotreated hydrocarbon Appearance: Transparent, Colorless, Bright Taste & Odor: None Optimum Use Range: 120 to 600F (49C to 316C) Maximum Recommended Film Temperature: 640F (338C) Flash Point (coc): 345F (174C) Autoignition: 690F (366C) Atmospheric Boiling Point, 10% Fraction: 650F (343C) Average Molecular Weight: 350 Density, lb/gal: 7.25

Miscellaneous & Multipurpose Compounds

125

Rhein Chemie Corp.: Product Selection and Market Overview Guide for Catalysts: Product Name: DESMORAPID DB Desmorapid DMEA Desmorapid PP Desmorapid PS-208 Desmorapid PV Desmorapid SO Desmorapid 726-B RC Catalyst 104 RC Catalyst 105

RC RC RC RC RC RC RC RC

Catalyst Catalyst Catalyst Catalyst Catalyst Catalyst Catalyst Catalyst

108 115 117 201 6063 6064 6068 6069

RC RC RC RC

Catalyst Catalyst Catalyst Catalyst

6072 6076 6080 6082

Application/Market Flexible and rigid foam Flexible, Semi-flexible, and rigid foam Slabstock/Bunstock Insulation Flexible, integral skin, HR foam, coatings and adhesives Flexible, flexible molded, and microcellular foams Automotive seating and furniture Flexible and rigid foam Insulation/structural panels Flexible slabstock foam, elastomers and coatings Structural and rigid foam Appliance, boardstock, and structural panels Rigid, flexible/slabstock foam, microcellular plastomers,and integral skin foam Rigid, flexible, integral skin, flexible molded,microcellular foam, coatings, and elastomers Flexible and HR foam Rigid foam Coatings, adhesives, and elastomers Flexible/slabstock foam, coatings and elastomers Rigid foam Flexible molded foams Automotive/seating foam Flexible molded foams Automotive/seating foam Reaction injection molding (RIM)Automotive/door panel foam Flexible slabstock foam Elastomers and coatings Microcellular foam Shoe soles Microcellular foam Shoe sole market

126 Plastics Additives

Rhein Chemie Corp.: Product Selection and Market Overview Guide for Catalysts (Continued): Product Name

Application/Market

RC Catalyst 6090

Flexible and rigid foam

RC Catalyst 6099

Rigid foam Appliance

RC Catalyst 6111

Flexible molded foam Furniture/seating

RC Catalyst 6130

Semi-rigid and rigid foam Trimerization catalyst

RC Catalyst 6135

Adhesives and coatings

RC Catalyst 6302

Semi-rigid and rigid polyisocyanurate foam Automotive

RC Catalyst 6303

Rigid polyisocyanurate foam Insulation/bunstock

RC Catalyst 6304

Semi-rigid and rigid polyisocyanurate foam Automotive/insulation

RC Catalyst 6305

Semi-rigid foam (Low Odor) Automotive

RC Catalyst 6330

Semi-rigid foam

RC Catalyst 6410

Flexible and flexible molded foam Automotive seating

RC Catalyst 6500

Rigid microcellular foam

RC Catalyst KE-9362

Selected elastomers (Mercury replacement catalyst)

Miscellaneous & Multipurpose Compounds

127

Rhein Chemie Corp.: Product Selection and Market Overview Guide for Combustion Modifiers: Product Name:

Application/Market:

RC Combustion Modifier 1238

Phosphoric Acid Derivative Containing Halogen for Rigid Foam Pour-in-Place, Spray, Slabstock, and Lamination/Boardstock

RC Combustion Modifier 1712

Halogen Free Phosphoric Acid Derivative for Non-CFC Integral Skin Foam

RC Combustion Modifier 1739

Halogen Free Phosphoric Acid Derivative for Rigid and Structural Foam

DESMOPHEN 4090 N

Semi-Rigid and Rigid Foam Pour-inPlace, Slabstock, and Automotive

RC Impregnating Agent 64

Flexible and Flexible Slabstock Foam

128 Plastics Additives

Rhein Chemie Corp.: Product Selection and Market Overview Guide for Crosslinkers/Curatives: Product Name:

Application/Market:

RC Crosslinker B

Flexible, Integral Skin, Microcellular Foam, Polyesters,Coatings, Elastomers, and TPU

RC Crosslinker H

Vulkallon/NDI Based Elastomers

RC Crosslinker R

Vulkallon/NDI Based Elastomers

RC Crosslinker TR Molten/Flake

Microcellular Foam, Coatings, Adhesives, TPU, and Elastomers

RC Crosslinker 531

Elastomers

RC Crosslinker 532

Elastomers

RC Crosslinker 533

Elastomers

RC Crosslinker 534

Elastomers

RC Crosslinker 30/10 Technical

Elastomers and TPU

RC Crosslinker 30/10 Flake

Elastomers and TPU

RC Crosslinker 0312-A

Vulkallon/NDI Based Elastomers

Miscellaneous & Multipurpose Compounds

129

Rhein Chemie Corp.: Product Selection and Market Overview Guide for Dispersants/Stabilizers: Product Name: RC RC RC RC RC

Dispersant WM Dispersant EM Dispersant RM Additive SV Additive SM

RC Additive LM RC Additive TX

Application/Market TDI/Polyester Slabstock Flexible Foams TDI/Polyester Slabstock Flexible Foams TDI/Polyester Slabstock Flexible Foams MDI or NDI Microcellular Foam MDI or NDI Microcellular Foam Rigid Foam Antiscorch/Polyester Slabstock Flexible Foam Polyester Slabstock Flexible Foam Textile Quality

RC Dispersant WM: Chemical Composition: Non-ionic emulsifier General Use: Emulsifier for organic and inorganic (H2O) phases

RC Dispersant EM: Chemical Composition: Non-ionic emulsifier General Use: Emulsifier for organic and inorganic (H2O) phases

RC Dispersant RM: Chemical Composition: Non-ionic aqueous emulsifier with crosslinker General Use: Crosslinking active emulsifier

RC Additive SV: Chemical Composition: Aqueous solution of fatty acid sulfonate General Use: Stabilizer with a slight crosslinking activity

RC Additive SM: Chemical Composition: Aqueous solution of fatty acid sulfonate General Use: Stabilizer with a slight crosslinking activity

RC Additive LM: Chemical Composition: Phosphate containing aqueous blend of sulfated fatty acids General Use: Reduces tendency for core discoloration

RC Additive TX: Chemical Composition: Stabilizer with tenside characteristics General Use: Good stabilizer for polyester flexible foam. It is used in combination with RC Dispersant EM

130 Plastics Additives

Rhein Chemie Corp.: Product Selection and Market Overview Guide for Flushing Agents: RC Flushing Agent 510 CAS: Proprietary Application: Water based flushing agent for cleaning the mixing chambers of low pressure agitator type mix heads used in PUR casting machines. Product Description: Chemical Composition: Aqueous preparation of polyhydroxy compounds and emulsifying substances. Physical Form: Yellow, clear to slightly opalescent liquid Odor: Weak, soap-like Density: Approx. 1.27 g/ml Viscosity, 25C: <500 mPa.s Solidification point: Approx. -30C pH value: Approx. 9 Flash Point: Not applicable Advantages in using RC PUR Flushing Agent 510 for methylene chloride or 1,1,1-trichloroethane replacement: Used as a Diluted Water Base Flushing Agent: 1. Water base mix-head flush agent. 2. Separate solid waste from mix-head flush for solid land fill. 3. Send separated water stream from mix-head flush to effluent treatment system. 4. No hazardous waste disposal or recycling expense for solvent flush materials. 5. Minimal material handling expense compared to other flushing agents. 6. Non-flammable and non-corrosive. 7. Contains no chlorinated hydrocarbons and is a non-toxic material. Used Non-diluted as a Flushing Agent: 8. Can be used as a flushing agent for pigment/dye tanks or lines in the undiluted form.

Miscellaneous & Multipurpose Compounds

131

Rhein Chemie Corp.: Product Selection and Market Overview Guide for Flushing Agents (Continued): RC Flushing Agent 600: Non-Toxic Cleaning Agent Used for Reactors, Tanks, Molds, Machinery, and Mixhead Parts. Must be at accelerated temperatures between 230275F. CAS No.: Proprietary Uses: Solvent based urethane flushing agent for methylene chloride and 1,1,1-trichloroethane replacement. Product Description: Appearance: Amber liquid Viscosity: 46-52 mPa.s (25C) Water: 0.25% Maximum Density: Approx. 1.13 g/ml at 25C Flash Point: 149C (PMCC) or 1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Advantages in using RC PUR Flushing Agent 600 for methylene chloride 1,1,1-trichloroethane replacement: Product is a non-aqueous based mix-head flushing agent. Material displays excellent solvency power when heated to 130-140C. Product displays excellent hot solvency of cured urethane build up in polyurethane processing equipment by dissolving the cured materials from the metal surfaces. * Degassing units * Pumps * Lines * Reactors * Tanks Product will dissolve MDI, TDI, and NDI based cured elastomers and foams. Product may be recycled when material is saturated with dissolved urethane polymers. Product can be reacted with a polymeric isocyanate after saturation and produce a low cost solid elastomer for resale. Material is non-flammable and non-corrosive. Product contains no chlorinated hydrocarbons. RC PUR Flushing Agent 600 is a non-toxic material.

132 Plastics Additives

Rhein Chemie Corp.: Product Selection and Market Overview Guide for Silicone Surfactants: Product Name:

Application/Market

RC Silicone Surfactant 1

TDI Rigid Foam Appliance

RC Silicone Surfactant 2

MDI Rigid Foam Appliance

RC Silicone Surfactant 3

Microcellular or Elastomeric Foam Rigid Foam/Appliance and Lamination

RC Silicone Surfactant 4

Rigid Foam/HCFC Blown Systems Appliance, Spray, Pour-in-Place, Lamination

RC Silicone Surfactant 5

Rigid Foam/Water-Blown Systems Appliance, Spray, Pour-in-Place, Lamination

RC Silicone Surfactant 6

Rigid Foam Lamination/Boardstock

RC Silicone Surfactant 7

Rigid Foam Appliance

RC Silicone Surfactant 8

Rigid Foam Lamination/Boardstock

RC Silicone Surfactant 9

Rigid Foam Lamination/Boardstock/Appliance

RC Silicone Surfactant 10

Rigid Foam Lamination/Boardstock

RC Silicone Surfactant 11

Flexible Molded Foam Automotive

Miscellaneous & Multipurpose Compounds

133

Rhein Chemie Corp.: Miscellaneous Products: DESMODUR TT: CAS No.: 26747-90-0 Application: Crosslinking agent for urethane rubber Chemical Composition: Dimeric toluene-2,4-diisocyanate

Regulator ZL: CAS No.: 68037-26-3 Application: Delayed action catalyst for solvent-free polyurethane Chemical Composition: Strongly acidic cation exchanger with exchangeable hydrogen, based on polystyrene with sulfonic acid groups

RC Retarder 1092: CAS No.: 26836-07-7/Trade Secret Uses: Fatty acid based emulsifier mixture used to retard the cellular Vulkollan reaction. Chemical Composition: Mixture of fatty-acid based emulsifiers

BAYDUR Blowing Paste VPPU 1731: CAS No.: Proprietary Application: Baydur Blowing Paste VPPU 1731 is for the production of Baydur integral skin foams Chemical Composition: Preparation of tertiary amine/fatty amide and modified phosphate

LEKUTHERM VP/KU 6519: CAS No.: 696-99-1 Application: Lekutherm VP/KU 6519 is a borotrifluoridiamine adduct with excellent hydrolysis resistance and good activity. The product is very suitable as an accelerator for Epoxy/Hardener systems and as a catalytic hardener of epoxy systems. Chemical Name: Amine Derivative of Boron Trifluoride, also referred to as (Benzenemethanamine) trifluoroboron

134 Plastics Additives

Specialty Products Co.: STYRID Styrene Suppressant Additive: Styrid is a styrene suppressant with a unique chemical formulation. Tests have proven that Styrid provides suppression rates in excess of 50% with no effect upon interlaminar bonding. Appearance: White translucent semi-liquid at room temperature Physical Data: Specific gravity: (H2O=1): <1 Weight: 7.40-7.55 lbs/gal Flash point: 100F Laminate bonding: (ASTM D2344) Effects: Styrid, when used properly in polyester resin, will reduce styrene emissions to conform to California Rule 1162 without causing delamination or secondary bonding problems. Application: To be used at room temperature at 0.6% to 1% by weight. Normal mixing procedures will disperse material completely. Agitation is required prior to use to assure proper consistency. Advantages: * Reduces styrene emissions by 50% or higher * Has no effect on interlaminar bonding * Liquid form for easy handling * Reduces styrene odor * Material is used as supplied at ambient room temperature (no heating or pre-diluting with solvents required). Styrene Suppressant Additives: These additives are materials that are currently available to the composite fabricator. They are most effective when using the openmolding processes and, when properly used, can reduce styrene emissions during the curing stage of the composite. Styrene suppressant additives such as Styrid are substances which, when added at a prescribed concentration to either unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, or DCPD resins, will reduce the amount of styrene vapors escaping from the composites. They are effective primarily for open-molding processes during the curing stage of the composite. Current styrene suppressant formulations, in addition to the wax they contain, also have components which allow bonding between laminates while effectively reducing the amount of styrene vapor emitted as the composite cures. Styrene suppressant additives are supplied in either semi-liquid or solid form. They can be used as supplied, or diluted in organic solvents. Some require heating to make them flow before mixing into the resin while others, such as Styrid, do not. They are incorporated directly into the resin before it is catalyzed. The treated resin can be used immediately or kept in storage for further use.

Miscellaneous & Multipurpose Compounds

135

Stepan Co.: DREWPLAST 051: Glyceryl Monooleate CAS Registry No.: 111-03-5 Applications: · Antifog agent in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) · Lubricant for rigid and flexible PVC · Cling agent in low density polyethylene (LDPE) Typical Physical Properties: Appearance: Yellow liquid to soft solid Odor and Flavor: Mild fatty Color, Lovibond: 5 yellow/1 red Color, Gardner: 0.8 Viscosity, cS @ 40C: 86.5 Melt Point,C (F): 24 (75) Smoke Point, C (F): 152 (305) Flash Point, C (F): 239 (462) Specific Gravity: 0.94 RVOC, U.S. EPA, %: 0 Typical Chemical Properties: Moisture, %: 0.01 Free Fatty Acid, % as oleic: 0.2 Saponification Value: 168 Mono Ester, %: 40 Iodine Value, Wijs: 78 Free Glycerine, %: 2 Biodegradability: Product is biodegradable Toxicity: Drewplast 051 has an LD50 >5 ml/kg and may cause slight skin and minimal eye irritation

136 Plastics Additives

Stepan Co.: DREWPLAST 154 DEA Alkanolamide: Drewplast 154 is a methyl ester based DEA lauramide produced via a 1:1 reaction. It can be used for a variety of emulsification, lubrication and other uses. It's FDA clearance allows it to be added to molten plastics to aid in extrusion. Typical Properties: Appearance @ 25C: White Solid Active, %: 100 Moisture, %: 0.3 Melting Point, C: 36 Free Amine, % as Free DEA: <2 Flash Point, SETA, F: >200 Other Data: DOT Classification: Non Hazardous CAS No.: 120-40-1 FDA Clearance: 21 CFR 178.3130

Miscellaneous & Multipurpose Compounds

137

UOP: UNILINK,Diamines: Unilink liquid secondary aromatic diamines are well known for their slow reactivity, low toxicity and ease of use. The resulting urea modification of the polyurethane backbone generally improves polymer strength properties (tensile, tear and elongation) to give Unilink diamines a wide range of applications in many polyurethane and polyurea systems.

Unilink Type 4100: Molecular Weight: 220 Equivalent Weight: 110 Viscosity cps @ 100F: 8.5 LD50 mg/kg: 335

Unilink Type 4102: Molecular Weight: 220 Equivalent Weight: 110 Viscosity cps @ 100F: 8.0 LD50 mg/kg: 638

Unilink Type 4200: Molecular Weight: 310 Equivalent Weight: 155 Viscosity cps @ 100F: 115 LD50 mg/kg: 1,380

Unilink Type 4230: Molecular Weight: blend Equivalent Weight: 130 Viscosity cps @ 100F: 265 LD50 mg/kg: 1,400

Unilink Type 7100: Molecular Weight: 305 Equivalent Weight: 152 Viscosity cps @ 100F: 32.4 LD50 mg/kg: 780

138 Plastics Additives

UOP: UNILINK Diamines (Continued): UNILINK Applications: Flexible Slabstock Foams: 3-5 php Unilink 4200: Especially for HR, CMHR and polyester # Reduction in foam density # Improved hardness, improved load bearing properties # Increased tensile strength, tear and elongation

Cold Molded Foams: 1 # # # #

to 3 php Unilink 4200 Reduction in foam density Improved IFD (harder TDI foams, softer MDI foams) Increased Tensile, Tear and Elongation Improved flow

Rigid PUR and PIR Foams: 3 # # # # #

to 5 php Unilink 4200 Improved dimensional stability Increased compressive strength Lower friability Improved flow and adhesion Improved insulation values

MDI Elastomers: Unilink 4100 recommended # Increased strength and heat resistance compared to diol cures # Low viscosity improves handling and processing # Tough, hard (80D) elastomers available

TDI Elastomers: Unilink 4230 recommended # Best for soft polymers (<80A) and hard polymers (>55D) # Long pot life, softer cure than MbOCA # Excellent low hardness (<60A) elastomers available

Adhesives, Sealants and Coatings: # # # #

Longer pot life compared to other diamines Improved adhesion and flow through better surface wetting Improved cold temperature properties Improved impact and chip resistance

Spray Polyurea Elastomers and Coatings: # # # #

Delayed gel times Improved adhesion Improved impact resistance Improved cold temperature properties

Miscellaneous & Multipurpose Compounds

139

UOP: UNILINK 4200 Diamine: Unilink 4200 is a unique aromatic diamine originally developed by UOP as a chain extender for polyurethane elastomers. As a 2-functional diamine, Unilink 4200 builds linear polymer networks, allowing the polyurethane formulator to control the degree of cross-linking by the addition of higher functional polyols. The reactivity of Unilink 4200 diamine is much lower than other aromatic amines and this low reactivity allows Unilink 4200 diamine to be used as an effective curing agent in both TDI and MDI formulations. Polymers cured with Unilink 4200 diamine generally exhibit longer pot lives and lower hardness with improved strength, adhesion, impact resistance and low temperature properties. Polyurethane foam systems also benefit from the use of Unilink 4200 Diamine.

Typical Properties: Appearance: Dark Amber Liquid Specific Gravity at 60F (16C): 0.99 Density, lb/US gallon: 8.3 Flash Point, PMCC, F (C): 350 (177) Viscosity at 100F (38C), cps: 115 Viscosity at 212F (100C), cps: 8 Water content, wt.ppm: <500 Toxicity, LD50, mg/kg (Acute oral, rat): 1,380 Ames Test: Negative Molecular Weight: 310 Equivalent Weight: 155 Hydroxyl Number: 362

Benefits: · · · · · · · · · · ·

Safe, easy to handle liquid Low toxicity-Ames negative Low moisture sensitivity Compatible with a wide range of polyols, co-curatives and all other polyurethane chemicals Flexible TDI-based foams: lower density, higher strength and higher load bearing properties Flexible MDI-based foams: lower density and lower hardness with improved strength Longer pot lives Improved flow and adhesion Amine-cured MDI pre-polymers Room temperature curable systems Rigid foams: improvements in compressive strength, dimensional stability and friability, a higher percentage of closed cells and a lower K-factor

Suppliers Addresses

Suppliers’ Address

143

144 Plastics Additives

Akcros Chemicals America 500 Jersey Ave. P.O. Box 638 New Brunswick, NJ 08903 (732)247-2202

Ciba Specialty Chemicals 540 White Plains Rd. P.O. Box 2005 Tarrytown, NY 10591 (914)785-4461/(800)-431-2360

Baerlocher USA P.O. Box 545 3676 Davis Rd, NW Dover, OH 44622 (330)364-6000/(800)-342-6158

Cytec Industries Inc. Five Garret Mountain Place West Paterson, NJ 07424 (973)357-3100

Danisco Cultor USA Inc. 201 New Century Pkwy P.O. Box 26 New Century, KS 66031 (913)764-8100/(800)-255-6837

Claude Bamberger Molding Compounds 111 Paterson Plank Rd P.O. Box 67 Carlstadt, NJ 07072 (201)933-6262

Degussa Corp. 65 Challenger Rd. Ridgefield Park, NJ 07660 (800)237-6745

H. L. Blachford Ltd. 2323 Royal Windsor Drive Mississauga, Ontario L5J 1K5 (905)823-3200/(800)388-1857

Buckman Laboratories Inc. 1256 North McLean Blvd. P.O. Box 80305 Memphis, TN 38108 (901)278-0330/800)- BUCKMAN

Dyneon 6744 33rd St., N Oakdale, MN 55128 (612)-737-6700/(800)863-9374

BYK-Chemie USA 524 South Cherry St. P.O. Box 5670 Wallingford, CT 06492 (203)265-2086 CasChem Inc 40 Avenue A Bayonne,NJ 07002 (201)858-7900/98000-CASCHEM. Chemax Inc. P.O. Box 6071 Greenvile SC 29606 (864)277-7000/(800)334-6234

Everlight USA Inc. P.O. Box 411187 Charlotte, NC 28241 (704)588-1004/(800)-252-3247 Fairmount Chemical Co. 117 Blanchard St. Newark, NJ 07105 (973)344-5790/(800)-872-9999 Ferro Corp. 7050 Krick Road Walton Hills, OH 44146 (216)641-8580 Genesse Polymers Inc. Flint MI 485007

Suppliers Addresses

145

Great Lakes Chemical Corp. P.O. Box 2200 West Lafayette, IN 47906 (765)-497-6100/(800)-892-2527

Stepan Co. 22 West Frontage Rd. Northfield, IL 60093 (847)-446-7500/(800)-457-7673

Halstab Hammond Group Inc. 3100 Michigan St. Hammond, IN 46323 (219)-844-3980

3V 1500 Harbor Blvd. Weehawken, NJ 07087 (201)-865-3600

Harwick Standard Distribution Corp. 60 S. Seiberling St P.O. Box 9360 Akron, OH 44305 (330)-798-9300 Paratherm Corp. 1050 Colwell Rd. Conshohocken, PA 19428 (610)-941-4900/(800)-222-3611 Rhein Chemie Corp. 1008 Whitehead Road Ext. Trenton, NJ 08638 (800)-BUY-CHEM Rohm and Haas Co. Morton International 2000 West St. Cincinnati, OH 45215 (513)-733-2154 Frank B. Ross Co. Inc. 22 Halladay St. Jersey City, NJ 07304 (201)-433-4512 Specialty Products Co. 75 Montgomery St. P.O. Box 306 Jersey City, NJ 07303 (201)-434-4700

UOP Molecular Sieves 25 East Algonquin Rd. Des Plaines, IL 60017 (847)-391-3100

140 Plastics Additives

Tradenames

Tradenames

TRADENAME

SUPPLIER

Advapak Advastab Advawax Aerosil Akcros ABC Alugel Alvinox Alvipack

Rohm and Haas Rohm and Haas Rohm and Haas Degussa Akcros Baerlocher 3V 3V

Bamberko Ultimax Barostab Baydur Busan Byk

Bamberger Baerlocher Rhein Chemie Buckman Labs BYK-Chemie

Calford Ceasit Chemstab Chemstat Chimassorb Cyasorb

Blachford Baerlocher Blachford Chemax Ciba Cytec

Desmodur Desmophen Desmorapid Dimodan Drewplast Dynamar

Rhein Chemie Rhein Chemie Rhein Chemie Danisco Cultor Stepan Dyneon

Eversorb

Everlight

Fiberstab

Ciba

Grindsted

Dansico Cultor

Halbase Halcarb Hal-Lub-D/Hal-Lub-N Halphos Halthal

Halstab Halstab Halstab Halstab Halstab

Irgafos Irganox Irgastab

Ciba Ciba

Lekutherm Lowilite

Rhein Chemie Great Lakes

Ciba

141

142 Plastics Additives

TRADENAME

SUPPLIER

Mixxim

Fairmount

Paratherm Paricin Pebefos Pebetal Petrac Plas Chek Plastoflex

Paratherm CasChem Baerlocher Baerlocher Ferro Ferro Akcros

RC RC Pur Recycloblend Recyclossorb Recyclostab

Rhein Chemie Rhein Chemie Ciba Ciba Ciba

Ross

Ross

Stabaxol Stanlight Styrid Sulfofos

Rhein Chemie Harwick Specialty Products Baerlocher

Therm-Chek Tinuvin

Ferro

Unilink Uvasil Uvasorb UV-Chek

UOP Great Lakes 3V Ferro

Zincloid Zincum

Ferro

Ciba

Baerlocher