Phanerozoic Diversity Patterns: Profiles in Macroevolution (Princeton Series in Geology and Palentology)

r o< 2z F ,I' >m 97 >n z2 lrm >l zo oz z :o m:.1 t8 ;> :f n om -.t T> m T:q !J"i tr-to 6 \ ! 9) mi...

24 downloads 476 Views 15MB Size Report

This content was uploaded by our users and we assume good faith they have the permission to share this book. If you own the copyright to this book and it is wrongfully on our website, we offer a simple DMCA procedure to remove your content from our site. Start by pressing the button below!

Report copyright / DMCA form

DOWNLOAD PDF

r

o< 2z

F ,I'

>m

97

>n z2 lrm >l zo oz

z

:o

m:.1

t8

;>

:f

4

g

-l _n o r'r r,o o

o -{ o I

m

In

z

-l

2

m

t-

=

cn

m

c

c

o =

!.

o

o o (D

0,)

f

(D U)

l

o

-U

o N o

'0

cn

z

T

m

-{

!

-.1

c)

zm n C" u m

g

6-

c)

o o

-.1

z

o

m

a

z

o ro o

m

-m

a2

e(,

EO

6z

oll

;=!: =4 " I!* F

(,<--l

!r_,9@

=Z=-;

i'=ii _d'j ifET i-! 7ii1,€ z'

: ;5

=

q;,?je

?

:-

:

o'i

3
=-.lO 6T6,

;cr

R

-;=:.-E

.)='v>-

15

e!3 1; ?'c.es

614^11

o'>O <27

7l

-o -!

rE

ag

:: .>

f

9;'a;5 i* FZ i-?' =l i1'g3lg Fv;"7

nriirlP;ii!c iiFr ?zr,i eiJ3;:je!91 ii

.-l -.1 @ E>!.) -==o ;21".

r

QQ

;; i it7.=: ;d ::iq ,i; -"; 2i iia :;3+Eg seE ='7 z L,'zZ" =& ?:: ,? ;tlls

e.6 j6 -X ,=._g: r ? i i g: c -=ax= g

3a i+Z

zila !?= G@-

_.tt-

i[t-5s ;93q1 t;;ll.

sj i,' uP <;

aZ €9 51

=-

r ^X 6

;

=

-t

I

o

=2ot c'

E;i?; -..

2

I !

E

= H F : o

:1

n1

z;

{i :-l'

o- -l

1'
s;

@6hsa

n

5

t

2

F E

J

g

=

E

g, 4a EI q< j

"olnq

u'

r2

a F; 5; ;f i;:si+alif :-;:f f6 .' -z-1 '...==! ,rlc 5; lq " l#S 3e3i;= 12 n EA < @z r-,--= ig: ?:ii:B = s? d Ff lrSqdl talerS ;.3T:{ i! i -i d F E;-?t:dZ f: : { a"i i ,-gF* o= !-: --r =F;- cPI r =

=; a> d. *.6:D=o

eE r:E ;5=93"F;qi-a a;1+=.. -clr'=+;

;-

F

;-

,

aa .iE Fr :5 ]!q l+;iA:,: h;:q 1E;e1 :*! ii3; gfi: q:i q iiiB

.r!.)

--

p- !i?;r= ;';lt!<=-a 3tz=a.j-ai ==

7, G,

i+: i3s e; 39: >727;? cs 7t.7 i!=z= h!"_:iaJ -= 2; ii:aE

TT ::.€ ::!.-');; >PJ -"9;

-t c.r,

z-t m z

o o

4 l;s

N ..J

n t-

zc

-.j

!

f

@

t P o

0

1

Am

;r

>-r =t z6

@u

>n

om

-.t

T>

m

T:q !J"i

tr-to

6 \ !

9)

mi

>g a>

o: >o r-g c)E r-p

YE

23.

O'n 'nH t-:mo atz o< 'ng

<E -: NE

---{{6c @o+6

i

=,

i 6 *'P r ,in

<-i tn-!<-

u, -1

>oi.! 4 !:4 3;59 oe 9 c

oto

d> =o <*

!;

C-

:!> oo zz o? 'n> <; Oth

'lnii -ro

: o

@@6

(n

zo

^.

at

6b

;1

I>

:D ;'z so

oo > =m 4. t; d a92 t ;6 2= I d

Ef =m -co tP K;',

er

z:>o :-r -ro : z

2> <-l tr =c

OZ

i> XC

-t

m r -r o

aZ - 0 .

e6 Ei

<< =3:- o:.i i 9 '

:: c = i:: :c5 d 1t =;: ;r;

ic id 2! - a>:^e \g; -

os6.sb

.< !' -

;-

I ;-1

'Q

=P;

\J

-a

!m

za oo
t

6I +o ri .^o :tz

J:0

- < om

a=

=a

r

J< >dm _ ion

)! Ij c <

9@

a-

4
i

z

|'l

:

= 5

=

rr

I

a

i$ li+ii iF€tfi i fi;EFiliii i;isF tq i ti; iili;3 i i i i; sagi ; +i: 3! 3 i $is Fi i: + il: ri; i;ii;iEq:?c iei;i; liii '1i; it+ail t1;es"'r+agii: iEi i;a!qi; aiig;;; ;:;;3;:;+1ti':7;r=x ;;ai3=3€

117lizz:;iic lisi;1: iiEiE diE ;isiii ; ire;i€ 3;: i1i:I i;i: iq+i;1€;;Ei: li: I,ii1se l;iiEr3 i;?i1aF1rii i; lrc; i as

5 (D

;'

:

Zt s: :.c jJ

+e F

!.=.

Yr : 'lr f) s; 3

de <

| -

=3 {2

X

t o - i < :.: a F Ia

aa b .-- m

^ !:. !9 I > ::

=: a * ai'i

=

: i

h

> = u

+55A oNlF

o z<

(o

(!

m

c)

'r'l

! m

a

c

f; o

r;

It

^6o

fia

ag IO >>

.Yloo ET'n o _ oL r_c =>t -o>

u,

Ei= )-th

- j>-l =2> *=5i

=

= 2

lr ';i E ;; s- sl a_ Jija a>i t=.ii ?a d t=.e42 ; ;i 1 o i>r

>

. q! c'Drn() ri! =a -1 -: 9 o" a/,j::a<; =:- F, --. '*i= j e'=:= .i' =,. ae-! a-_ == i!.! ?F '_.

-q

z(/)

m

-t -l

.E

-l

2

I

m

o a

o N o

zm

r;

i5R
;ds. 35 r

Y

;==-o

4 FN

?

1 4

PE-=; -=Z;: B € g EF

;rF

-

; d

fi

6.

+q 13 d 1+

3i3:3:_ e- a+ i 1s 3 g"dr

e: =€ S-2 ila€"?ii

_

d

_- _

_

=7, A;?d

a

9

.loc

r

E-",

=

5

$

I

;

_'

d-=?95h

=

3{A:i*i;g;+ ;;€r;;; r

F

* 3 t: i€ ; F i; : x^:i e€:183:

; 9i :

[3+e;4?3;;N pq -

+o F: r3 e< tgE=Eii*i:* =

3i1.;i3trn€::=;:;5i4 o*<eE2==30:9=A7zA'^a *

<

iEB:-"E;fi 3la;_: ei; i,. ; d - 6 : - 3 o=o1 9 .:.--oa ; ? .E A s ;o- ! q : a g ; a F i; s_"; g:,5 6a ;'g' :-v 5 -6 A-d _' . f. - I- ; = ; 3 - a" = I a =- I = R F : d 5 a3 . j a==== =!:;; g Fr=; i 27 d r i i i * = a o riE-'"ei ; i =; ?; E == := i;;:c i l;i2=-Al7=s$*srk=+P;Ea

-q =9

-Fs =S a. sd. s ^ *e =; r l-E; l;g =.f i= qi a:sz=?7J

Z.:-L==.==i

c E T<

CT?e0L t=i€-'di=t:+q r ! i I3 rj':;1A ,aq A v g * ?T IE E ;5;31€ i:i

-a=

I

AFfii;g+1=r*igi*ig;?

.7

L.Ll

-6

!l

?

c

Yim 6

:-

6-t

l> o> 3f o

OL

-{

I

U'

+

u 2

m

o

z

z

o I o

U C

o

t)

--l

==

;?i? :?:; :i ;i11:i;iiiaz+ r;:z:i+1iii=r? ==:,

:

E

i ;=;?i : o 1; iE i iit'72 € e iz

1

1

6

-:

-:

i!

= :

r:r:

i.t::a

z;=:= iz=a

iqi== :;==

1E = I a ; :Ie€ i€f= "

i;i;+ ==+;l

+ee=: ;-

?r;1=;

P'

=.

; a -.' ; q= = ; - i i ; = ; =r = =

o'

2."?= e';= ^ 't '=i!Z?:1?:;'t1n== =) cc--=_: i 7*l: ai..=1; l:. i: e;

7 a:t'-

rz=7 c':-=--

-=isi: t€i{;.; ;E1i=l?t='=1lr1E? !i!1 ; -7- ca

a_

+; |lie+i a=5; =l*;_r_;---tr=-;>=1;;*=a !;:=t:z;:F;3 i,ii;l;7zzt5;e;ii==zi=? ;=,-i1 ' L 2 d . ';==-- = _ 3 4 t i = - . i e J : iL t a ai=7 _= :.1.="3r=27i3?:4::zT?1= L22:o o:€:91 D+52a';; o'+o=-L-

!

"_.._== 9, =:€i;{?;:+:i=5,:i:3;;a;t,"-=i =.7_?j.;itlA3r=:7J-r^04=:3:t='r"iZ i + _laiFoii;:;:=:=i:idzi3= L::q= D ;E z-- e i I iq-e: =7_=, -tlEz_ ;5 {;_: r_7==

9

:"=i.?
E.

3;'

:r

.r-

Zf i

:i

1""

=

'->

i

i

?

Z

,L

fi

=

&:

=.7 ..$ I A':> ;;

e

Y ;

:;;r= L+:a,t4*;-:ar": =.2.=2';*lza=?;: =;+:i 6 ==21:iLt;j191;;=*:;=c=?_Z:Vi1.i i'li 7;i.,"1?;+:;: iir +-?Zri:ii?:i!1: iEa l ; .- ,a - ; -: / =_t'od\

:=^-=?idot!.?:

1=i; -=Zt1; ;-V??44e_i29p E 1=7":i it ="i2' : ;:z=i;=is*=:Zc?2F1;iit;;i;=t i=:;c - -_ r-= ?.4 i;5 =-==-o a:: i -s-a=ez:'= Z! ;=ZiZ ===-.3 ==?<_=AZr1?<;1==a:-ll2r^'?:*+?= :aio?2; =:.-"=3;:a*:=L-7?i7?t i"a=\s ==,aa-.-= -'":E;3=, ==z 7s;31f7;= '-;7 =+t;+

1:

i: t:; : =:izi i: il-:i;?i;??="=i; = :;?12?i+ti;: i ii ; ! +s iii E : ii l' ;: + i lit=ii ? i ;== ; ?ii7r a i.l ' i :al?z; ig ; l; zEir?l,i = iA; i ie ; i : lIAZzti +:* ti ; i ; : : r ; i tl :zi ;EIlE+?zl*z =t=: 1alili, ;z+;l \auia!;E a=,:; ?1:I+rii+1.? za

:!?7r ; i g !?E!',i1ii1?t;?1!v:1? ;i

".i' = i r! ti= i:;; ; ; I ti'-z ; z1 c i ; i i 2 ?? =1i 3.,!V_E;a=:',!A;=;V + :a'E l;: ; i =7' ir=;;z;?:: *; i: =! lE;i

; i ? +i

F

?+

g

:+5.'€L;

ia

ii;:a;i?;

:

;:i lie+ ;iac iii;iiii lEsiZtz:i

iC

i=: q1

:

=!1a;i9: =:i i3iai7z7, = ,=E;;1+r* i,)7i!ri;.i:; :i*llii z [;:a: Eea,, i;:i ; ',a=):iiii :l;i -ia,:-;3i :2+ *6i?ilgiF a ;:zZ1l:i=3 = ti; ;lqli ; I ,i=:i ia : u; Ezai:;i ii Z\; ii5ri;i;;l 4z i:i ; ; t;;il|Zii -:==t;t?=2 i1:i:22"11? Z?i:i+Z=ar==-,

-._iS!.3i;aE! =i: u1?=i,q'3^

Tq

? f-7?'-=i?ti4 E *:;=:6i;=^7?a ; i,{=.lj*ai*:;=r ; )3n.-1iii c i;; ii{:4 iilEE_ Z 2:ti?l=1"i "u i ; i-ar :;r;r't-t - -:i':;;i;ir f; 3 ..:! 1 :4:

=

;+?'=vt

iEa zt =!;=

zii'i 1,77=-_7:;:

u,z;i1 1E 4?ii; t t ;?; i i i lZE iAc

?ill1iizl: ii++E!;?=i;rl3i;'i

= =?i: i3j =;Ca i;1iE

u

2zi:?1-eii=: :i=z=izi2=.=zz,.z=z: r=Ail?i -1';z=;i ;iq?; ;, ;;a ie:=;ais7=;71F:i =,;.J2 ::si =i :

+1'1=i:t1?i':r1:g;;a -==tja?ri.',= =+r;-=:17=zsi+i:giia ==t?u-:li31E

cii;=3;

zz,a:1i = Vi;+7\i

==::?i = i i ; iVi?=! : ==;z=,1=? =i

z;i+,!z:i;=

'=:

++A**iii: i==;i;i:rtlie;t=idlF

:i; :

r :;=li:i? ri

i'gii

=

c = -:: = = : - a- a. =. - -. a : a?;-.'71..,+i = '=t;V a==aii,-=-j=a===z 1)=r=:-z < i2 +E; *E i: i ii? j ii|,,_i '-zizit*=_i2 I =sZti= -i;=;;1FE=. =1==:1=1A =:; -= ^=Z== " = =!-=:71== =:-=

4i:4,.

+;'3;

; r;t? fl.*36";,;rf q iix; i+; -= === i : :1i=_; 3i ii N = ; i;Zo i7; ?6 2 -!./ =. '_7;; L-:.--E *i' = i s e i !8,;e'i i = = i;s3 ;: B I tq,j6=diaHE iZi+13.-' cj 15 -; ? ;, j. e 1 : ? = I V 7Z = i =0. o ? =i ae:{ = F ?_=, Zl,g; s i: += I ; g=g F? " =1 lT 7'_e ; =; Zt'- : ; J ? = -, a=or; 4 : i i =l_til==?Z-711;;':=-+-; e +gi 1 I 1I e-3 [ ? :+1 7. I= i€ 3 =-"r"E 6 = 5q: 9::-i;;a:ia:3C =4; r- *;! 77_i7g b =-=a - d; r_: t a i * " -:io: =? ^ q ,i :' = = ?=; =_i, = 3jZ.;11+: qali: f; = s:-:':'.;;;: t a*-a" = ; a' ==-: !]; 4'
*:e;;: :HlF-t:a;:gri d:*neF;rib;e -=iqe=
3:ia;eJgliri

EdSa*;:";;H:e :;:3;q 5';; d{;;e g i5 t:E rJ{ i=il*aa ilta:;i:1g33 5:;;i=

r g < { ' ":; a

i;;**i5;i;tti Fi":ia

3 :rE

? 9 6 0c !

:* 5 i

{o.

3i r=€ e *;;E a -q: ; 3"q: : i iiorigaFa;s==; ;3'iii :g: g=::i;i: +3 * l+=e!

E

P;

+* l ai iYi E - i: q"s 2 = =7""9 J=;i 5i;Fr=._ ?E E;x I g iE n; r F : 9: ; * e r i s 3 = : e "?

-

qE 6.;;-q

gFq: g*lrgqar [?e i -ES;39;,"e "gi; 3l;# A"7z: !+

,=

=m i;ll

?<

oC

2. .ir

<'

os

ns

3^ ;-

au)

+ oo

d

qo iT 6Z

BU

=3 Bd

fr

u)a

o> =u) ho J'1r

5r m=

o>

f

(D

o

c)

CUOCfU

'41,

r

rssol

]N IUV/\

ri

fHt

li

=

I

o

z

o 1

i I ; ; ; a i i ig

7;tli

i i i i ii

i u'lEE1ztil' I ='z

1;

sC

iii

a

o

i

U

o o

litr

=

:;

-

-

;:;*q +ai+ ?":i!l ;;;;3il; ':1!r="-€::; s=Zi;et :;F; =;i= :{:ica*{: -Xti;?:" 5i:F .g*i ;=;l;i:$ giFt !ii

liii;

1;;S; =;css;ir -;=:=iE-= ;:;'== :ii:ii;a si:i:i;; rg:;3 ;,'=i:^: ii;EeZ, E! ='rl: =i i€i: i ;:i;ii= i!t,i;:; ;l:;i s:;"1 =;;;1 93ta::* €$;:::F; =;F*:

=i,j

"U

6a gFr

;:s;l =€;Fs6;qq d3i:: =r=.iFr+

-l

z o

E

h_

P

o

.i*

Gi+

qq-

o F

t-l

a

= F

g

o

i

ll

:

t:: i

6"

l3

n

;

a

u

li:s t

l3s

lE5 lf 3 t-; ll as 16'

lt:;

ll€ t,:

l3E ll ,E

tIt;! lllE

tlIF; t*

lt

P-

il

tl

i iEit 1i?12!?!z ; i+t iE ?i:: ie

r!ai?; %*-.-"11:+ Jq=;;at:t

iieE i :

=

i+ i z ii iii i;ie; 1t'EiE; 1i isiii i:Tlli;3 ii iii aE -\'=i= I_:Zf: g;ie _= ii ;i? ? iii s:it?i i?lrz i p =6: e;? +a: ; illic :iz? laz;; ii ; iiTtti E1::ai+ai1;;i i;:E t+=-E-i-a;t i la?i;5 i5;€i i i5i;;i=E3q

a

zi' 1l ; i i ; ; ; ri i i ; t tt?i{; i i E i i E 3 i i?i;zelTzzzri -7 ilzaiti:i+:iE1i; i;=;: * iF;; '-? *:gx I r ''-!;+5 =t;=,2;=:: ?E: i ; + i *iizrii + : liEZZE,_ii a :s I s i =

z1*i'

i = ag x ? 1= ii1!!"1=7"t : i i lE l: - y: 1+ 1i :ii-=': E 1; ; i =

,:

'-:_

.=

:

a

:

'-']

P

CUOCfU IISSOJ IVTNfNIINOC

fHI

q[ iq Eii

n

c)

q

r

I

o

F

tt*t

L

OH ctt/!f H

SC od OIHCVUs

-r1r

Sf IVO

SfCNOdS

|ll

rr'|li

SC

lil_

ltf NNV

SNVOZOAUS

-l

SNVOZOIOUd

SfIVUfIN]IfOC

T

t

l-r

:

:

'c;

;:

";

E*

'B';E:;";;

E;

;9

a

scsnllot/\ f N IUV/\

a

; ;

I

Ii ?i !1:i Pzlzi ;z. ; !; 3 i3?ii: : H i;;ir:t 3 i :, ;r : I i: ] H tlElEll: ;

t

t] o n

-r

n

o q

c

o

z

o a

t

f,B -tn

o

ot;

i!i!si:!;;:

ooDti;;;;;: zonii.iEl;;;; d

|

'J:l

Iif;3i ii"

qF:E:fi8:!ii: i;;:g:btit ;: : i;i:

rIV J*:i rtar ::aI

I

-t-

SAOdOUHIUV f NIUV/\

B

I*Eil;;:sr:: i.6nci F;;;.-;i roDoiDr;ii:;:

'rll

a

I

I-1

n

o

TN

o

n

I

tr

z

o a

I

4

,qrt qrco ,9

919 0

; ;-

e

l;:I iili! oE>i ;;H; E33;9 i; ;E ;e;: !ort e':;; !313: o o

;:9

e;;' o;i. i;;r :93; 6;r. '.t:-;

S/\Hf CONIHCf

e

!i i!;B !! B!I "

f E rE tE
_t_

l

n

to

o

I

n

o

U

=

o

z

a

o

?

ir : ,I

x*9*

llE:fii 3si3

;891frF oouz*, :x;t;; rt;rt

SfIVUEfIUfA f NIUV1/\

il;"t.;"

!;;f;!i

i i!

i: iE i9 IP ii00

n

6)

t

U

--r

n

a a

n

c

T

o

z

7

o

_l

tt

I

I

r ,

I

IN HCVUV

:SNV]CVf SNUC

:sl-c3sNl

SCOdOUHIUV IVINSNIINOC

:S3nOISOUf t\

l,

:soodvluAl

,ll

. l+l?

n

to

o

-.1

n q

m

I

o

C

I

o

z

o a

t

3

9

I

r,

t .

o t

t,

! r; t h r ,o-!-E < t d r

: I

I

I[d3U

!,

ir-r-'r,lrlrr

zo

tI

r D tr -!

n ii

"S;

i!o o;n i:i orui no

6 iz 3 ,-

ti 6_, i,oo at nr, i!r

ri ra

_ _l_

:SOUl8

ii

:lHSll

:SNVlSlHdl\V

ttt

:SlVl,\t Vl l

t, E: 6;; r, -E fr;i i t-: 6;; i:6;:;ii i;_i i ; oi i t6; i:A !i i6; 6;r6i:; i- i6 i6;:-t ni ii i :

I

Sf IVUSf IU=IA IVIN]NIINOC

1

a, "l

t 6 , - ! o

'l-l

t

6)

t

tr

=

n

I

o

at

I

U

z

o a

=!

r

i;?zi7 t?'=r.:ziizr iii

:i::!i ;1:{! ;

ii i i i iE i :

;iz zlzlr*; ttr iz;i 1 :!t :

;i

t>

F

+

li iz:12 -".i!7;;i]i? =,' i:E:+Ezi,z1?t=i 1; i1r1::11;Vei lilZi ; : :

'1

i

iii 1?i?t:27;ii;l

,!=i=' zTiiit =1;?;

-i,:=i,,:=t;E i =,=i

=:{* i ==,t: ;;

l

n

c)

t

o

n q

o q

ii i!i1; ij= ii:;sF;: =.2==:=ti i =i_,i;i::rrar;3;;:l I'ic;' i ;t?i}77:=,1:7V1 l'i i it is ;:i i ; i

-7;1: i i ;E i-gt :ili =1::{:F=::=iZ, +r;r= ::qi5:i: ; =,2;!iZ=::;a;11: q iE:e i ti i'ti:7;+111+22i;E ? r

: - I F r

i

Z'-,?=7 >^ 7'^-^1i=!

+a'2

- i:;ii

i

az:;., i':1ji1:=ii;ra e -. -'=iri'-'--::t 3"=' ?

=

':b ? t;;

: !:zz-7

:+--v=i=$ g:i_ =::

i=;7? ii=i:E:!;:i

E:i:

1; iqi

: i-;i1:ii;;1

=

3

u

:

:;: iili :;:;a;i=ll t i:l::Zla+ill : iE :: r= r-3. !=lil l;::=z=t7E;l =;:=: :;i:: ;!2.?=i#!tizu: ?7; ;i= : t; : lia i r;; ?ili * i:=!1 :1i:: i1;i i*:;:1'2 ! ?t ?;; i rliT lilg i ! =|i;;iii;i :;i:'a ;:. { : r ?t ii ;il.l=;;t ;

-Z:;;:;;:g:i'-J'=

,r=?:=i:l-"i:: ri -7,i1 -:.=i.: =i',-i1

: :

F* ,;i

c

I

U

z

o a

F

;F

3

lei'i: iil

i'i ;'; iii i ;q iiiiiiliiiti ;;

"

(rocccc=o

"+

i::

!

;.::

i..2

^-

t'

i' zilt1ii.i : i7: ;i i;; i 1A:; i: ; ii ?i ; i=1:1ia; !;';r:r: ; ; i Ii 11 1i; it i: i

i

'

c

,?ii;ai;ri :ti!: i1:;:;:ii-li;i i: :;;9 i;=€;; € ii:iZZl €=;;i =,?_ i.-1E ?'ii: ;=i 7 i=:ii:ii:i : :ii '-.:*!Ii-'=iq l:;5 i+;i,.i:;",-=; t?;=zz:7 :F-i1i?i=. J ,i: ;i=i1i1: , ;ii; :? ii= i: ! ir':iit?i ; ;;: t:'91;!. g :; 31 ;1 I 5. z=e r i;ii:*?i=t ;;j;r iltT; *:i;1 ti i;? :l; sI zv) ;: € ii'r. g; ': 2== =I ; Xai=_j i i: a?A?;5?9 E ;ii

4a

j;;;r 5l;i;"=: i*= ,'-,-=-+tiz;i1J:lli i t;;:tzi;9lg=r ,7 ; !.= ; t ; ; ; : ! ; : . 3 :E :: I i 1. i ; I I :- I : i -r i i i ? i q : l = = i -:71A I ;; ; : r; * t? r i':Z; ; ; ! ; :::ti ; t 7;Zrti11::;t

.': :

iig;ii

| ;;z :e;'g i i ; i j:1 ?;;;i'rilisiiiZ i '=? i i:; i i ri; ill:i i; ia:sg;"li i i i i; ! 3 i ; =i; a ?; iiiqli ai ; :. i i ;; t F a I ; s :Zt ; ;i +i i!'v ; i; i

1

i

F

=

i; tr4,;t;' ; i I i i : i:z=l : i i i i i ; i i : i i ;' {:, :l;a=: :?3F:= ;l; *i=i-nr +i; ;-i=;i;Z;i :i;;iii; ;i : 1 :i6i;i iii illi;ii i;;ti?;i:l:l\zll:;i iI;

! i 1 ; ;' :

?; FJr i;;;FF; a3
l

t)

vr

6

a

u)

u1

a

(,

tt')

P

F

F

F

/

F

3

3

3

Ei

iiE;:c;;

fi=.:

iiliilie Ei ;1 siE t; !li;i ai ?:: F:;*Ei'

s1 ;

o<e

--.rt/1

t/1

z=6

96-a
;.i

6-

J1-:

r/r-(,

6i-E-! o^r.;:p

-5mFl.' :go5_0!;

i-3'q-

=^' :*Q-; 3g L"94

aa

5o i

2

n

=

99

-

:I:fiQ< =

^

3

i?

-. 6.' o :la;

'd

< =

Lr

u -

t>

=

,.

5

3 A| -i> n

6't 5

a ? ; oe -{ : ; I :

;

-

TRF L =-" -E- A ! . "t > E 6 ."= i -

a

-,,^aqF = 69 { i":- j ?9.;eqs9= li ;I 5 -? -: =6

:; :-

o :-a o

+ A { ? gi g s r 6 a > I o-l 0 :

;F, ;

-=.

e!; u,;

22 .i

o.j9dr

-.n

;:do:

o ti ., ti= 5

o o

'+6 qy ):222 5 F ; r, < o 5 -; \, = .,r 3 ?- 9 q 9, o ;;*P:

3*n 3^*1! a- i-i=.r i:e-:

qa+ =5

inIZ."39 S 5:ir!.3 i5 e9i":l=-? 3B''="282\ 7 z:-_1. c/,= j_'od :-:\ o

i--.

=v9 3 F; e ; K 3: < 9 ts =ts =3 s'i .:F=F "cr- b rJ9Yi_;4?' cFz'-u;rn;?'a-o-oI -..< I ^ 1rr; p -5 € t :; -: j":-;,';-fj".;:;q"te

Nttt

l ll l"l iE i lii il3i liat i Ii lil I iig: lilE,lli i ril i ;ita ri: ; =* ;: : as i :Ec =+ r* + F {e; i iA a; i i--? c ;; ;' rr ;

i; i: A;i iiiii ii

is-ii gif i'ffi

i;::f

q-ulii=i liy ='E=7==E"iti' 3-q -; =^ ***-€ '"*i "i = " $ * 'i i I: : t ,r i i : i r I I : i = I 1 [; i; ;iii; ? ; I + i i I il i s r : s ; i l;i;=;::ar ; j'i*::*x;s s'iq ;;'z ?? ;l!.-E; 7

u1

..

i i:

t !1 6

:=

--I6\

- * ^ -.t

> >

-

I

^ L .i -

@

is:-,19

,3 6

i

1:il;i3ia-== igi;a3* >tr1 =-i i F-: {F ? :! b{Ce-E

SL. i #: = i = a;fei=-;9:; =:. =

E

1;l1l-iF=3i :6:isTi 4 y !; - € q a + 3 o t jf i j?E o= .

o

a

=

31;;: : i Z ii.:=i =l 3;{ -;;E+-t:1=:.96;;EPi; i:l &; ; i 3 . Z '-- = 5 - C I ; B I *: +gd^9 h a.-9+d, )inliEs!!6j;€7"=1=*7 o {i :^."e6'c;i;:i E o=; -1:e-Sr itei_=:i;t1_= =e::ates_c!-a ifE;'Ztd z; r; i -l.l er: i:: i eE I2

q1

il9 )' 3 i 4.; : qp ;:q.= * 1ir ^.iE-" : ; :q o -'€ + I ; e E - ;: ;; : - ^ E : 3 3; 1p e, E T g 3 P ! ? a ; =e I : -i)d.aP-.93!l.Fo-X4e: -=== t;;n i l.t=d= 6 =-i -s F3.< = s

:Aa;:333; rl F,!J^z?eia:=rg:$: id:;?

Y ".L Jx

J

F: -q:33e.: iq?EaE59 2 6 ;1gi:?i!;;5e_";tEi;: frT?i i 1i;A 4+=: i? d i! ize; E 1.i =""-+ f :;;;3 A io =.9-) :,":":7! a== e d;;?E e 3. r:: z

:

k

o

E:q o

RA.;

tril

5m ;z

g> -cfir

916

o^ tr> lo l> az

m

u 2 -l

o

m

-l

o-l Im aa

2# U'N

or-

9i z>

g4

6u OI

m+ Trm

N

f !

c)

;;=-

,

==

1]i

ii

:

=

t

,

i tzi?* i I i i,lt:,1ja :

'!i

t i i? 1, t +'-;1 c ? r,i ; ia? i*?+ii:*i +l ?.: i=1

ii!;?ri?;a ii

.

i i : ;ii: #t7=1t;iz!ilirC=?:'!Z*?ti1,ii i'= i i I i ; 1:i:z::iii,ti;t: : ; i ii ?7:?{Ei;i i; i !11gi11i

: : .iil'= = a=,;E ZZ : =:1

:i a ;'^ : ; : t i ; : ;, | : Z= + :1 ' :|i,iE ii isi :€ ; tl\ii+:;i:i;iZeg?!1i:?i,=z* i,=z 1;;Ll i; ' ?zEi::;?1;; i ;?:1-,,;=:?i,,; i i ;;; i i;i ;

":

:1:iz;::i li'i?i' :t::z:;:;iil-

;ii

=z+= ^7=;=..i'+'-+

*;; 11,:1i2-,1't r_i+": li5e;'=-.7=z I

:?t:;+ *:E=ri i z ,=!;iil i 1i 7?i:Vz1'i=zi =::;=

::- ,ii

t

=', Zi7;=?7

i71 =?:iti='ii: 7a =:t=+;""2 Edi

2

i=*17_Z=,_=i:;:i;"-;=-'; 1;:;:t;=t7==ir72.eri7"illE'E=1,1+1T1;;72

I; ;t;i +112*1it;iE7!i iiill ?=V!

:;:=i+ar::= 212 t:1l1lntEi iZV

'1?lt17;;1 :i7=liat=t

1*

lr;ii::ai zt;iz:2 ?z:? ::ii '=1=i!;:-:iia 2 :il=. i; :r{.-iiii:ai :i;Z: ;=;"=q2ee:i V iz=ri ==i=:+c=r=llnt.o--\='.

zi??+:z1ii a =i11i1?1:i =

1;zlz ;i=+cil lii | :':? i-ti i;; i

=^

-=

:Z

==

:;

1

=_-^

Z

i

=ire_+=

3

':?=i1t;;:;77=,:1i+;iiii*izrll1lzl,:'zzz*tlz

I

liili;it ii:Ii+i ?1i:ir;i+1?11t z+ttzzrEti : !zz+!z1t:1i:1 z!: t! :++i711 i i izlilii =;z

:1-11

=t; igg:

; t17:lil:+,lziiiili:;F;i

ittlt{lttaZg'+it1;litiil

1 z1:lti:uiliilii:li:z+;;

i

?ll1ii

ir 5iaiif iEqi

?i iti.=ri'r: ii

?:=

'1=11E

;iii*ii;iiiiiiilr;l; ;;ll I "1,!!,1i=i;ll li+:;:lii : i;iii+:+i:?:i; i:iri,!=:i ?aiii irE;

1,.

t_'+ ;: ; 1a +,; ; i,; { ? ; = 9 = 1 i; t =r';i =li:i;z=:ii:,?2ii = Z *t i7 t:E=-? :

i

;

r

,z=ZttlZiZ',ilitltli:Ziii;?;zi=:1ii1Z:z::=ti' -=. ; l

=

.?;iIliVili

a

;iiit 1?7u+; t i I i

zz;*i?z?',: iaEl7;+i i 1 : =:78: i17:? i ; 7iI i1Tlil:ili i i ; i';i,=;7

"iii

F

H-

g *o;! E

tj

s0ro-= -ti.

A E t -1,o, _

i=-?

ie';::; ' a z -'- {;

\ ^oor=_ +q3 3 =

" --=);=V ; =

aNq6-:.

@:

6 > --(! r (, -o.

E

=

.I

-

d=.

=."= ?:

A9B; = d a I _=*

'

r:

o

=i3

o:

o !? @!

o-

232-1

L

i

i:.4

X

'' o < :

izii"i?

J 2

=)p=7 *-d?43

;i['o; 33aa=z 7 sEl=; ;

.

c j'*-.

;F=?i-j ::

o

Eri-:.1 ? /"e. l:-'-

r7::;: ;Fiq:l

r!l-l)

:=!;u!6

-: 'E zi Fli!ar;

b X t

:24"6' =" ::;iia' q15:gj I-=,aa)': -;i-'-I li=q* + :==-2. 5 -4="-.\t :=i=i+i 3;ai6 E q rcn12 l-9.46*n <;P;d E eii:'i;! ?:iE= : aaie:j;z i;.c!

:

=:s:i

Zc3i3

a

I

-l :.

:<33:d: i a in9'-"' :;tdi6S ElSi;^pI ;'

z:='rE E i:;:l!, -":&iFi I

= ;=33*! iq {=a2: :::.--:-;;'o ?g =3 :,o;'D '2.-Y?;11:"!9.

< F c

B

F

:€

o.r

9a

€11

EE

lq ;gt==;1|" 3=i?it; =='i;r ==tr_7 ==

z=at

o_ o-

'

;?=*izP;.t-,.r;i3 6 o_;- =t tr 3 i ? ; -^ + = ri c, Q = . = c ; : i 3 - 9I2 s 1 Li i: 5 r +

4 = 6; or
-

1=.-n.in=.'/-=/-

?3?z:ia-.:i5;a; -

r::41[i;7Jg1z

^:.,=; '="*P?a^3..,qe.Xt

'; . - =.- t ; == = '1E=a;7\a;i--1 =el=:i;P5-;i-

":?*::

j3d==.*!?'j:.uanD5 .==L :^

;;;€F*it:;'-="a A- i; r - -;^:i -

1L7ti-:-:;-5o 9 3 6; ; ll:;

- r =i=-r1iFtr,z9-3 =

-

=ii-'=79i-;;554 6I X-r: o.l.-5'rt :c -r i 3 . ; - - ;-9

a1= !:_=- '

='rlA: ? g:^ i € ;g*i

L,:

qr

t

;

I

o

*o

o:N

.g

-sNuG:.} \r6qoi4ct

L4+L';{iD

gE

oi,

". Maximum

\o

genera

o

nt

(n

(-)

I.]

i= -U;

'-=i ,>r't

4j ?>

rcf r.IF

o6

n=l b d -'>

t

o

-t

n ?

a

-l

n

!

-l t

n

TN

.J

z

__J Z

'oTt >. * J 9d := .9 !S !u o <.z n

r

\ f-D

\P trl ti 1

o

ixP

a

1, e

1!3Ii g;i Tij, ii I i: ;t:

r , t-:-;Eer r. ?;,!g

=?a;i

=

:Z?C:1a

;

z

i

Iii

E

i 7i

ic

+ i.

r=; + S

ifiiliiii;i ig

i

i

*et;ij i: ii5 ?,ziiz: isi;t i g;iE! ?i1t',rr;i 1;i7+!r=1:j}i tiii?ii iiiii i ??!:; i ig ; 1; : #L7i:;1t i i I g Z+lZii i ti;;= ic j; : t;zt;?i:t; i if i + Vllzi :

lii*iiirilriiii

;::i: iii ii;'+;21{ii 1;: i; t1\t :iziri:= i z:=*? .

;

?zlzi i i i ; i:r'; I i gi;ix ae; : r

r;

rifiiiiiil iiiii;cii

;:: i +; :'=r1i

!::Tiiiii

1?

t+;11, =;;zittizu!1=1r;; ":ii,7E17:

.z1tiili:i1$: i9 i i ?iiI;i ;a:;Ei;; 7! 1\zz; q fi l{lll\v z.?i i;';,E i zl,z r=z uTzi ,

li1li;iili17;tziTilzi!,{1iii!li:1t1:!1t

ilaai

iiiiiE; ii; i=lzzl;iiiai iil,ti i 1i=i7 t; c ; i i: ;: iE i 3l 'iii;:i +: iiE =::

:=r1';1-t:--f,1;l;iE =, . 7 = i+i?!\i?:??;ia; i 1 i ii

-

=

+

a i i'-'5---.6'E .-f .Jag .al-^ ;:a-E ;-+53 " I 6 Fr<

+a=-c r;_ea'! l;i R 9

{., 14 !

2!.44d ?l=2r : *6 p -*a A o:- ;9 - 3

lil-i9

.-x;ts ;688,

". c

? 3'8g@o o

- Fn tiS 99-g-

4b-;"_3

=--q^'1 E T:3 Gd ..1 o q

'e::1 r o-d

3 p o:

3i,^/_5 7 u? 5di r,1 9 6 " E o a 5 -4 ,=-.tj; ar o

^

-.1

dor-o

--r!!m c,rrlo N_{<

L6o

liN o

oul -Nq

plg

m o o o n. ^,.-

Or!

o(no

o

1..

ON(,

OO

i!:4

ooo

al-

J-

li3

! ;

6.

N

G'

o

5

lis

lli

lla t li:

F

IE

1i

o

79rS\ FepTd =6;:ri lls 3i; iI -; 3; it; goq : o -J -

oo

or5

NUMBER OF ORDERS

' ",

il

i

_.,

+

m

-

@

I

llls

o+oqo ll o o o o o /_!

n

ill r: llFge ; -si-:lrl l" ll i

3l

I lica , ; B G s so lsllE'f ! lbj li Z€ ;

m

r " "s= E ill 1x \3 II lo!. la: >

i:quo

alslit ?.*it E2a::lS S lt I "is t ee ; !

!

e' *:E!.4 *: s'r2. li = ll:i v" lls! c.-rF--l+il&H r F p r a t: 'adia

6J: ;i!o-"1

llr

z

o

z

tz

o

e

'

5

E

f

Figure

!"

=

'

6

= a "c 'rJ

3

-.1

l_L

o' or

oEo

o o

a'

1l

@

rrl

6)

Average ordinal orjgination rate for amniotc orders, given

hillion' ol ycod

B+ !F'

d

^

!E o(D EA

tt oo c! o. oo

z.z 6(D

i;_ o= .-:

-: -L

r"* T<

i4

q

.dE

3-'

aO ii

ra :

-

ia

5 r-1 :d;

,,).5

f

-!oi

o

ij

PER MY. ORDERS

o

ORDERS

o

o

OF

ibr standard divisions ofgeologic periods. From Charig (1973).

NEW

o

NUMBER

o 7 o m a (n

o -n

-t

2

m(, n

o2-

o

z

tZ

a

o

o

^ a 7,..

--t

-_-

--

z

grrl =>atJ)

_--1

i,

=:

<

@< =%ffi8 ?cl-P i

GENERA

o9

OF

=

;

853

=P3

c-

t-'-

-

+

=:=ri:i;?21.=s: j:2 ;

;:;

= i:::i?ii ;; z:i: f ei ;-triil'.E=i,:'.i=:>'r=

'

:

ii i 3;: "rs;

\'=i; z i, i7r==i; ::i:: 4 1;?a-]E:F?s:;J3:;;lr i === ji ;€ r ;ri.:a'; ;:i 4:,ztiZi=: :;; 1=:--7', 1l*iI1=::-7 s == p1:a'=-7_:7-=jozilri i3;: -27 -^a;i;!Xa:1.-: i: ; 1:r,; ! _,"=;7, ;= ii.i z: :7 : r : ; I : :: ;i;: i z;. j :itc.?;iTT"iliqr;... ; ;:l; i=:11i ,T_ !?= 1i i =a

-=

??;"=ii;rz'ii:;;;i?1i g =-Z':'.

.=.\lJ!

z

o

z

tz

o

:a; ai!:?;;:1-in".= =:Li? 55::i=rE-=laiii4 ?il3 = = zi= 3ne=::i=,:i;1E:=ai-s, i =+'= -,?."1. L;_ =:!;'_;';s i-arr i :_=_'=7:i+: t3 r 1i ='_=-2Vv \ ",=t tr:j -ji

o o

NUMBER

--

"

a-

*

'_

- 7 ; - = a = z.

=E++?.:a )t--.a=;",4

2zo

!D

o30

=40

!

i?

-4,<:'

PR

7-7

i?+g,*::i ;' . | =+2

-=

-a,

TR

PER OD

JR

K

PEOMPP

",j_* '-=Z

ffi ffi ffi f! fl

Lljjll

runrrrs

rrennesroa

sauRoerenvern

eervcosnun n

rreroosaunta

ICHTHYOSAUR A

ARCH0SAT.JR a

ANAPSLDA

7'=iiz!"-; .6;::--=q :zg1 -="n=; 6t;e

E=e:i:af

-E!-=ov]; -"-1::V:

5

a?

le 1?

A-s

:E u,

1t

&'dco

ZV

i;E:r

i

;

2

a i6

Z

a = i:

?_, I o

Z,

r

-,. !

FiSure 8 Family dilersity of the major clades of replites through timc, based on data from Romer (1966), slightty moalilied from later sources. The whitc space at ihe base of the Archosauria-Lcpidosauria junction, e)itending back to the Latc Pcnnsylvanian, represents Diapsida undifferentiated into these two najor subchsses

Z. =7 =

.+ 4oEs;::P-3t-i! --raH'& ----= =a q l -2aa:t--u_.j z, ;- | .L

o

-t-

J-+ 3- i i =7-.--a,e92

o -. =-: -

-i,=litqti

,: , -ni:

.=3 =.€q- a-:7F?=-'aEF

;j j.-

,1=

;|

t t

: :- .:A *2 ! ,_. ? 2 9 ; | ,. t. - Y =. . - q i 9 = -l;.==5ei!6? ==r-a& .-2,j.r>-i

=:zaZg='7i:>z;i;-v1Zi7 A=: ^ -: -vDi o n_>" ,?Ee7Vi?'itr" :: a-^."3idqgF

. = . a =.'< = r

^.;.i'ii^=J::7i; !=:'=q!iql:"-:El"fla?:'1 ,-r.<:E€;LiA=i+7=es)i€

1=!2"=;=i:i::--"8€:--i7=*:i,n =zL-'-iV='i':A)z-Z-=;=-;3:: .) qc-Q:

2-e.i<::-2.=Li:7iCi7=7 i;:1',:.2+F =1J1i=;?e F: l; t i;e z:TiZiZEL;:; =i7=ix=1-7'o-a2.;-EEltr6 3;lai:1; :,=r?iat?^1*+E=-r=aL;7':+- ?gS..,a€r

-.1

J

q

tr

l

l

n

t

-l n

m

n n

-.1 Trl

i :: i : l i i t i i i i : ; qi 1:itZiltii ; ; : ic:Z:t::Z

+ ;=

F,1"=

Z

; : :+t?: t tl.iil+=-=ttZi.i' iiEi + 1; t2*ti7 :,ii:,. :'.=t:r; r +=E i i I S ; i I i liliZai :i;; z';i:'= : u =i iv:E: ?:=iri::.:',i il, € ; i i +!;\11ii:1:Zi i i ; i :

i: i i : i

=

+

i,'iitrZ:iz:itzz{;;tzlit?.1:;;rlZli;i7:71EiT+ =-! ; i ..; -:: i :; i i 4 i ;! I :' : i :: 1 t ? ;,=; + ;i ? == = :=,;:|'=Fi :: ;=i22.,=7i1;1i i i : r a ; ; 3 fi :72^i+ t =i;iz: i r : i: 7 !.:.i\iii7:+ ; : i ;1:i;; ; 7+:t+ iE I 1i;: i =i:Z1i : ! i17ir r" : Ii i + 1! :i;=/,=iir,i i: 1 :27;; i : i ;

ii=

9:

€

d"

9

B1

=T

,:

zu)

m

-

o

o

z

z

I

'L\

E"l/

?4 e

=

:

,l

7=

e

=

!

i: ?l;i,=il:ii:l ru r

{i?1?i!?tt:;ti

iiri;; i;:?ti i; !1!1*ai;l; i; if i i iF i i i = =, :Fliuriic

fzr i+i ifi i: :i ;i5,, ir==,'

1t:1;liirtgli

=r

J) "i ) ".

:il '

;Il.

z

z o

tZ

U

E

a

z

iliilli,,+: ,; ?::1t??i;;;i izili+rtii:i ;i+: ;-Ez? +;sjril: =?iz?l;;ii; ;t:t?l i Siga =iai ==it:?i r ",it=i=/;ir:;= rzi1E ; iiii=L =1: : r i * z ; : * r aE i : i ; izZlil:Z;i :il:Eiii.+1? i Ii ; |iz|- i:ii;'a':t;: i;35: :;i: ; ;iz ea;=: : ; i ; ;

=

:E .:7

E1!2+E;

I i i v;:-=u==i

E

z7rlri

?

+t:ZZ

,,,= ?:1221+:*Z +z:1z

=

41

i="=i = + ! I==

!:,

i

r'=7=

-iE;;1;:

:;=; i*;;

:=+{

:ir; .;; . +i7:==e2.8.;}.7. Z,',i e

:z1I ;:;:l:z:i7-= ri j lnE

=";ita+; 1 l i i l ; ;+r ii+.:)+r, 1 :1?,i !-E1:y*;-?11: ; ; I i l z2 ; i' !Eujl!:i;=

;

=

ii! i;ril;; '=islig;: t?=il*;t i7=c+ii€ E"viirrrH ti:iilzt;lzl i ii+ g; t ;: ;:1;:i ;; i=; i : !aic t ;ru;|?;t=,ti;=

t:

i,t :, i = =! ? : i 4 i, ; ? Zi i i i +i 1 :2't i2 := z=ztu+i!,zi3t: i; +ia: i r! igil gi :: : f 5? 3i:i : g x1; : i i I i t r i i ; i Fi i : i = ti1:lir s c i E E i i i I ; i i tzTal i { I 1E 1i' l;'E i s :; + : I lilizZ;ziit};' i ? sz::?i:t vi:I.i:..i*v.zz+iE zl l i i tli; iill:g; €I i + ;=, ii i i ; i i; {;z=iviii

;++?tr7iz1l1i

1'+111i;za

i ,ia: e?:nii; ia?Z;_=iaiZ r;=ii

=?z2Z=r?E?li_;

i

tEl==l?+=ztiZ= ,12=iat?3i'.: 7 z'*:J =L?,9 t'=p2!zi22t

i;i71;i?

ia;iil:ii: ; ;?E =;tcE r7lZzt ,i!:i?' vlltlzvaztT *z 1l,:tii!zi| ? 1,2!-=.:i_i1.7==-=- iz=?=ZZ"=L7

?

= Z Z1z7ti i i * li i;itiq i'; ai V ii"ct;E

9t 3i:?i?"i=7'-+

€"?;--;v,,iiE = ?=='"-E.2i:7ii"i i*ii *;i : iilit zE?,V: €; s a =",i;1z L

Llzia-;*

=::)

II

Zih

E

a

r

7

=.9.dow*

4 a,2 2 =- ':

i=.iiil*

J! i6iJ :r't q: j

- 3: =.: q E 51! -1 l3.i ;:

- ":

-c ?.iJ --= -=

trE.

-t

t=t

ffi

-

I

L- :=

a

c

-I

-rI -

.-_)

I

r(.-

;;

a

;F al.. 1:1E; ;. : o i 2 ;r ; -

=,'_=q

o

=

1;;; :Aat i i: 1aF a - .. _ = < L====."

i I ;1i

I ls t

;,2;:i t:: i!_'E:i i;

s:;:

;

ii:lii :iii'iitgii;:Eiei iii=lr ; i

r,illi i+;iliiii i:1:i;i i i;r:r; ; ;tiiii i'tiilgEEii€iii;3i iii:ii i

=ii+=? 7t=-iiEtr?lql+ = -:;+aq =i:?u; ;-f *iii;

.a,-;=vd1

u

=

aE

it

!H

9-3

lii: i;1iEa ilZ:z* i;1ti xiCi I ;: 11it i:: rs 1i;; iii i;: l; ;; i I :;= ;S a+.]Zi; ?z eT 5_r; "'x =j?^6 X i ;i

I

I I

!

z

U

z

z

q

yilil

; iE i* i i

o

ft

iI

3 c.

Ffi

"E :1, !-

i*

it;zi

:

; i i a i ii

i

:7!t!rt;4.Zi?;ltitr:i

a

'=< >.?

r.-

2',,9a L'

@

=aan

n6 .I =ttj -

A6

F

tiiTi*i ii

i;;i !!!1iii;

iiiiii i; i ig i :; i:ii i: ??fi + i+ + i :?;ilte it iE i

*+EiiiE i?r;i;+i;e

=

i

i

':T'; i ii i g;

iii

rrl

<

-

z z U o

o

-

-

li I

iii' ;;' i i i i -: a: ; ;' li 14ii il?iiiiqi ii3 3lia€i;i;;i=iisi g: 1, ;i ii i i.i?zrlilllzi!:i i;i; i1?8il I i

i:?+.=:?1;

:> 3

€

i7

o:

i

g

EEi3

;a

,.r

!€

:,;

E7

! -

.-.-

=-=:a -'

=l

E:

;3 tq:

3' G*

?,a ,JZ

'aq

3'r I

r?r

,.o

ryg r;-

oj

9q

o

a=;

o

! q

lll

rll I

iiiisi i:

=e

qo

67.

;io

E-

o

L

o

!

c

Triassic

4

==

M Jurassrc

(,

:

l

M

6

d-

;;

Fi5 r i, 1 =':7;z=-'=--' n7 3 : "- ', ? " ! F 1; i iu= i i I i ; : 5 i - : 76?a ax: q

II

lllr

i: ;;

a o-l o\< =a OO f

l;,

i'. .._._

! :o I: =_e,

;;

;i - ) =i.= ? ; 3: 1 : z : j :, i- i 1; I ai = :

; \a:: z i !^n;;;-i = = t --

z

_ 1-c :;

=

. : I .

=

;, ^j -<

r ;;'r" : a ?.

:

;

ti a i:; i: r l: i t7=?; i:;t i e;--=" i 1;; l: ; r 2,?:?:; t 5;

=; . :1:

=+ =:E; =, =s=i i: I ,i;1i +; ; =";=i r; I ?ti€i 1i: ; ; ;!i1:,Z;;i ; = l= :;;l.-+-'ri z;3z -L :: i: =;€ j ;" t :': \ ; ?7 7 "= { ia ., ;i-

?

"

'/. .^.--e 7 2 L:C;

Z

; 1: i i1!Eitl + Zi i?i : : : :r i' : € q F y: : ] i g [ = ; J € : : ==| = = =ei= ='= " .<*; . := l-; : I s= q=a'.-' V= LLc') =-Z',i,,-.\ O: -.: AA,'2 = ) a -:.2 " j =

.'ii

=

aij i

it

s 1'"ct9;:a+;B"B 6. 3-H Bs

; Jif 3;9;0:: 3re s "- 93eliYif 3 q;9 rf !iaiEis I69._ 1S::3 E-]]:?dd J < : l d ed . r o? 6u ; Pis-sJ44d;6';6i'""!c:6oq e iF: *"; fr EF * dE ; i:€

s z z o

i :a I5 F i

.,1lili.ii

=

1

i e ; i a ; ?ii'1; 1 : i i

i; i i i; i I?ia*=it'ie ti

iii

i;;'

1

iii

i l?+tz7A{:1E151iit?4{

=

a

* l*

;

iia *9? ;

z

=

U

z

z

I

r:*e {?ii; I :: i

S

I ; lS i ;

:;?iz1:1:c

Iii

E

i; ii;

i:

t:t; :;zzr l:a i;rir ii i li .il ilila Ztt:;;;:;9 :

Ittz=

ll:z€ririiiilii

tit: ; i i iii?!; l*i i i i ; : i e : :atl+;iilEz:tt!,;t : :i i *=;; l rl + + +-+ii "; ;a: E ? A i; i i : :i :-r|l ii ? : i g

-

I t_t,.i=;!r

aa

6a

3=

F

e

i i ai i a ii ?1;?7tl;:27:i

:

;

e

; ;3; Eii'ttit?z i:=l?: 7:ii+iiiF,z,3?';.: i;:=i:ii ziz1lr? z:ti;ial;i:;il= iigii; i :;7lzizvi: , - ! z?i,'-1 1=;; :z277.=F ri,-:i=7=:!zi !t+i; t r i i i j 1il?l:i rtlEt;litllii I i : i :ii?::i i ; E i E+1 tt.

?i

::ili riilitteii;:!+ i

i

: !41 zz

: i l; i:

tl:;z

1

r2?!1+: i?:a=,iE;1:;ir l; is 1?ztz: :lE; ez?tz i

Z

.: .ii,? ,z1tt":?i1r1; i+ :1t;:1;i=zi.!,z;"123 r ig iE i -:11.ii= zj:,i, ili=:Ai :;+12 i' i Z;;:i i : i I

!z1t;;z1liEi*=+z,ttt*117?te1+irlilzi

=;lait;;:uz

++litirz1e1At;:zr+!tiz;r11ili1;iez?,+iil' ;l ii'iiiC i!l+i'= ::zl*?+ii 3i I zzi-aEi??i i reijE;1,,:*;i i f i r ; g ! t-,Eir aii

=7iz;i

iili i i

i:; i; ;;;ga*i?ililigi;1;':;if ? i

iIi;ii

liE+E:::;ii'

ri : i i

6

q

7z'1i

rsi *:s

i7= ll: -:i

ii:

<-:; ,_7' ;':r

i=:i i-: ',5r

1e. ==Z

ze: ':: :t=L

, i1:j

=itz

=i,i Zt-L

,: a

==

,-,,1

;iqlEi:F:?\\z? = =s!=L-.-?i^=,ri€3;i=A J- o:oa:d i*:ii;L,t:;=l;:+la aEoa"-c: .E=.

-*

=

:j

*

-

2

=.

lEtSil-i;i.;!i:ia*?;7i i;:

=a=."a.:

-:

"=L?_

=

Yzia:,=r;? 2;ar'-z-i=s::3:]:l::i" ;=iE;::ti ++eEi=;;sr!i::!i:, r.?EE:1-ji j&aa:-i'-''l ! i+t==;+:9 ; f : - r ;7i_iuii5:67111;i*i;=3;ri3_:Ii -i?":?.=r.re'=+a=lE+' il;;e+.11 isSg15i;i ::2'%\^oq6=!i=.::;i ze. i::E : rii l=-z*;73ti:i if a\i;ii ?- i = il-; ;;a: +a'-=)1;r; f,=32+:a*=3.-iq6F;-'' a-q;i*|-i =J:,?: =1=Ff eFrr!Aer;itt2 " :;:i=?ri;

==;=;;=:

\-:i5;ar: -1.?;??-,

?

=l; -+;='t=1-i-e==t:;y _77?i-,;t;i; , : * ii : I : : 7 ; I z i : i , fi I ; i : i i '1z;::---=;-= i",72:--i;z:i;==it;i

ry

fitit?ii; ii;:-jii;iigs?j:;7i: Li I i,i.* 7; {B e? =,i a. =_.r i1 i a: f..JI;+-i rt lr. I t, giE)i

; =. a:--tr::3 4:7:2 r!"i',a1" z7:,=:

iiE=t+Ti1";?;;i:Ii:==:Z+;i€;:+

i {{1;1i,21, iz\zlv=:zi i ; 9' : i

==' ==i

i

?7!i+;?z;i i ; i?; i

a=.ii-"j16-eliirtqiil;?i;r iiE::g;l3l?:a:PP-.;t.-ir=dl1rE:- i5i;.

c

I iin:zii:l?

i=il 'i,=r_

i:

;*I;;

=i

l;s

,ti=.t=Ti

1

11:,ii;t' a i 1 il;=i I : i,r{;i i t;; i i g ivlliil? i i;:i?*li!7?!?;=7'ie;11!;+ilt??1111r2;iEgi

;

;1

i

i?;i*ai i ?+i::? jiliT=t;_:?r= 7; it= i :;l!iii:i?i;::t11EET;iii;?t;it+ttizii12l71i zlzttzlliiiiE;i: I i:1i1e: i; ii;=i: ii- i ;7iizz

:

j

z

+? 1;

/=

:

r.! =- s=;=?7-

iTLz i7

?q

;7 ?i=? ::;=" l*

:^-;1^ l,t:'.

::

;l

:i ;;

i€ i!

4'; ;E

=;-==_32

;i

:.=

3Z

lf :=-

;i \i +'

:= :l

ii ;; i=j iz

:f

;'1rg;1 ii :a^ ,= =:ji ;i,Z ;:;iFi 3li;i

ZF

+3 -=a"

"==3 -.=:=

a3--

-.)

:= =sE. i?7u,

--'--O-o:;l:

il;9r't"n

i=;,tjg=[ =;===-*

i

i:tlt-;. d4?2 ';-

!:-3=:>; =F: s = +=

"=-,1= ,it i: :

;.,,2-?Z

__,,i=; :zzialez;, =1i41 'rl-i"o= +z?\:' i==:i'Z'=

:;

a

o

3s;l

d

-

Z?i? j71=. d

€..=;

==:o -a:a

al:;:

:;,:7

;lE:

l; li c_-.ii;; i-=:':ZiZ:Z ,;=iz^;Zii +iZtlir=:

1=7',

=16:

:',.-jqi; 3;&q':"-:; :2:2"!EE

i1 iT l'" 3; _. 2i :L

lt

=l =i

5r

::z 1;'

;o:-=:m_i :;: j=11; :'-3-';=:1:-1

Z?7;1_ n <; ?,

q., ?72 l;

:_i:

:; z7 =!7 =._; 777 ii ?7== q.: :"=)7 ?riv

i;_=

;ic|: tt.i,i::i ,11?: a1; ti ia: i; ::=ii

;;;;::.1 ;:3-=1,r\ ''-=::

7; ;1=-;

=.:xir,: 6e-';.-''=

-:i Z=7""?; '=--V1

E

t-t:

3=t1

1i

iiiE? ?ili+1

7.^ia;: ziii

z7;!'L !=r_;.

Zq=;?

.j=',=t: ;I=ail=

==i 7i t li;:,

7=t.

==i z1' l;=r= :24;

.=:_ _7?

___!iz=.zz! :,:;j =t,":1 '_.-1= j.lr=i==Z= '=-i:1:i :...:-,.i+?z

1.1j=i;; .:lti|,l ---1==i->i,

iii:-""'B:t,

:':'.J;=i-A 71=si:a^

i+:iiil== =,\Z-z''i

'-? ;a1iq

;

;?:i

1i i'za?: ii;

1;€3i+;;EFe

1

Fiaizri;:

ii; ;itl ;

T

i;i: ?:1+ic;: ; 'i.1; I l; ; i;;;ici: ii+3E i i i ?I!:E:i'u7: ;i!; :1: I : tii:=.:=ffE:Tar::3P
:

;:lili;ii =z:i;: ;: liii;is;;Fiiii5 +iiili;ii:?3 iEiiiii: . 7:=zig

i;ei

i; i ; ;' igi ili!"Li1i;

e.s

+;iii;:= Ft: i

I taZLi.1;j:; al '-'.es,^Zi. aFi-.

i,

..,izt+:;?i1ii;illE;i

=

-=.

1l::T=.-?€! i: 3?T::=bP 5;a='a=^^ 13 ao" __=7_=:::'-*:11i1rq;;3:::22;:=E= *: z

z

Trl

z c o

z

q

o

@

T,i

=-;iEi

a =

a

i

i

- 77=

-=:

:

1

1I

't?+111?iilvt1ltl

E

+

1211i

tz =?27;=

>n t-, >m -rr rn>

t!m

>-l ,On ai o_r On z; o'n<

a z ?

FI

zo

I -j

E

o o l. z an

!

F1

t l*

al

,l

i

i

7:Z?"ti'-

@

-.1

!

:t

I

-l

-_l

m

**i,t' 1it1'!i1*t#71

,);=t1';l

1

::z:i+

'?;;ir:=F.:Ji?a,

zz ;?ttz*i

-:,=i;;:1:t;?l:Ei7

:{tz7i '

zltz {7

!:715, qi

i't1t1i?tt{ii

:j

3

;i;q iir =a

a,7=;V;

i;

i

; isE1t

i

=

i;+Er;i ii

=ii='1=,'i

i;;i:liri;;i]g

=:;E

ri;5iE

3; iz=z

=

=:;si

;

i

i'Ee€€;Fii;; i

a; I ; ::z={ : e

i *liitriuliti;

1r ::;i?,i',i;:= i

;ii: i;i;;l;Eii iiiii iTzii:i i 1s i?1i :"?i ii

i+1:;:E

i 'tlfiiil i iE E +=i:lli i i;+; i i ii ii;i =.:iairiE =a?lig i=az;i i:u2?;iVi i:;1i :;E:,=it===,.=

':

:* ti.r ; ; z +?;u''==;1cii ; 1 i i F ; =; i5ii1 i =: . ; _ ;._ _ =?t\?vl=V?iii;: = =.) = I ! ; l; i r 7 .=i;! ;: i i;;;i;,!; : i:zti'21; i +:i = =ii!

;.-: ii;,i Ei .Za

z

m

z U o

q

'

1v==a G

-r]eSagE+;q E .3 ir ; 9 e

;

T

#.

iFs: r?:8

laEt' o'5 ?:

;BE_

,l-R a

ifr i; fiE iSseqi$Fi:;5-P

^.:-.

P €H

E

;

T

+li: *i i ig eE !{ssr*i{i5 3 i +t i Fe 4j! *[;€: fEC 3€;; gcsEEr qb;;;aE€ 111

e:B

f;; 3i1 ;:=

Het

:_iE

65* B F;

*;C sa;

3;;

id*3i o::;:;iir3ioaI:€

igs

[::a=r1i+ii:f,€;;E{ ,:lgia?€i

d " -.do

;i

s;

;gi =?a

Eii

8:';i3;.:H1FTFil:e,3a: :;?i Aqier:lgEAEhFFAg=1 9Ea

iHe.3;A-i+iF=z3Es'< g:-BlFd,1a+3EBp=:ES

i.J

i;5::6 :-6 !: '-

?s.F*f;;:-;-3ii:rd+^:€=J=ET;liae

c!I.-o=.:i:aE?.A*3q:+

eF*i?gi=:jriEag! F[1 E'.n-F' iT3i;€i*+EiBFs+l

;:l €l+

-

i;g

: ia gts; ;*s ;3sF=r

rR3q;;

g K :1

:i=E.5

a

S:d =EJ

2

I prg -f s

2Br- ?a S4=;€=FS;r,JoP '?,8.1:i=tqd."x.E=smi3E :31 Z ::'' qs 5 9 i itsG o N o-= o o !'" -.'^ J x1 F = s-Ts;lia;;+larg:i+n ; sE iElsii:EE FtFs 1i? ;e5

:- R

;3 ;euvr?inar:6E s3; 13*s4EEis?E;t gilx6ii+ciiJs; F I :6lEisxr[1a:E :ii ;s; 5 €ElEAdS;s;F{t FF?

.i >;3Bd-Fg A€ 13 i ;:;'+

r:€ iaq ge; -;E

E iS alqeiE *lilH #;i a +e=E;5+iAa;;e ; fgEi3.'a3E+{s;

$.iEi53fri€;;e5s iai ir"

E;ai -'FE-;d*!e;eFieB €c3=93;:3fi38II4+ ie.,x #;=gle.AIB:5*e.?: :e;E' ?sleF=i=[3e"^'l]1 =,E;=X3€3?sEij:lls #8€ 3FR

F;:aiEF:l*&--i5;

gEf 3?g; g &:€3 +Ai Xq e 5 4 =;: t o = e q ; i :d-T9P-.gl:+J:eJ

. d3F;

a

a

=

F a

5

n]

I-l

n

I

m

-l

@

-

-l

)a

tr

-l !

n n

-t

z

m

z zg o

I

1l_:.;l;+

=

,=;'i,Ei

:

*r

:i:u"iE.

I

=

=i_Zii

it ia ;zz. ::iliiEi ; Ei =!a .;iliitza? i:;i-zz7 Er j: iz=: $lii t"gi1|l :li,;z:z:i: i.,i;i l;; ;[ 1;f :i s : ;i ,;z::i

e;ttz:;! li,+:ai ;i=E=?t?i?Tii;i :iii? E;1ii, :?'1r": ;+='-;-i' i7.;:_=a

-=

i i :i?i? :: ;i;!!=:tf ii:: pl? ; ;,': i=laq;1 I i ri ;;; iE;'!r,i + zii!r.r; :; *r; if +;: : ia: i: : - a:t I .;"- D^^Z;: J= +-- =- 1=:;; Za =* !c-; F;---= ' ';: . t' i= ; I i t t = z z i z ;aE 2 : r; I I I ; l,=:=;1! E Z it=,.

{I;

; tn

:

'

;'=;zlai-

liiliiif i;CiVj;i

=;;+=;1: :i+::i;

?

I 1: * 3

tt;:;i i e; ! i; i 1

+:

;:21; 11i?;l# ii i ii;t;E tiiz=llliiiii qr;u;tiSiii:i--t-iail'i ; *ri1!i g.Ei i, aigi ;:i,,;:;?=lg;;Z i;:ia ;

i;Z r,a; ?az+=ii:F

lE?zilta: .l

ti=+iz la; I

i l,rz|i ;iiZ';ie

:

E;=i ;2?l:7,i ,i::ai ? ;1e ?tia::; i i iilj'":7'-= 1i=:.2 q;;= ; ;j z;=:Z: iZl;t: :;iii2"t:=;i =r: .i!=izi: ? z*r;Ei i; ti :=,7a'.::siI i;??1; Ii ,l;:rii i ,,:l:iiii;7=z i'li+' ;;1t711tiii ?;;;;i:::az1i

?= 7-

-:=

=.<

?--

'< QA

IC

.=

l= g-:-3 3 e.=ii i: =; i'9'= ; j- I i1::il:;T.i3;D iiT _7 ir t'; t7 ?;" ?ii2;t;i1.: e i :;i2,"i1ti?:,;!l ; 1: i et: ?li?i't2, I;r: J;1l: r!;;;7:7?;i_2,?i'ri=-z :

5

i;i:

a

i'ii

ii:i ll;;iiriEl

t;i:i

I;: :;;iiif i :: f rii ii li*?A;iii -; ji=; -i7?";E= :r7 . lir l-: i:; ii i:j +2:: gxi:3iisr; i..:r== €;3 iiI i ;t.i 5e= );Z-

!,?7,;rul iuigi-i

E

tq I a
ti : :: ;:r: + i':;

€; T;i

2*

? ;s

! iZ f5 :

gi ;+i iii i ;iiili ig ;; ; ti:i : iii' ii:i'gs i5 { ri !i;;; lii= qf i:i r:s s;*;cii }s ir; :i i ii iii:: i:i? f: ::.+ ili ;i-i: i _+ +? ; grl

'== 7t

q88qs PF i 3 5 3 ,ii=:';; re:Asn i =; -: " ', -;" : = -: -i i =i ztiV=lr--=i, i l.ii;;f ;g:?:i1;:i ii;?i':|'-r ;:=i:::?ii I;i:i:t.: i I i, '*:'; 'i -; -,'=' = i; - ! ; Z;zai :.,?*or-l;".;=^:iia;::i1; ;+:1;?;l€i;ii:!: f "a?Z tii::!elsgiia ;iir +;-;i :;li;:; i:i 1igiiii15: ;:i ill 11:;i;liV'eii i€ f: . ?1:r:ii:it;.i:;ai::+ ;: z,;triti.airi :?:i i: i?; iitii; t; l:ii ;l ii I :i;r -;s=5li; ;ga. es;fqi +; zli ;;; ; 53 5i? iq :; i

ili i lli I iii ii

I

iV;';riri: '

:i1z1s;;li

;il;a'i5 i? I

ti:uiliii ;t;;ii5iii

;i1'=;;;! i t:x.=' el;1;ia ;r;ut; ;iia=:gEE=

;

; iiil;E;itli:ti=i;iif:.;;t3;'; l:ilitii

,zit:il*lra;=",iilal'i1ri;;ii:

O :.

O ;

O I

O =

O 'I1'! 3 ;;

3aq ;

rn u = u

u

tr 2

o :

. ;

;i :E + ^E'73 3=-l=f

u

-zZli i1F=gg;i:e:: ; _! i ; ; ; i 3 r I e ; I I i i ! i 3 ; i t i * ; 1; I

a?i3*-li2

:E t

=1

€

o R' 9

=

"?

;I i

;:trii ?ii i+il ;: ii;;|iu':31:

:

ii:;

;iiifg;

i i'iiF;"i:i ir::ii: i i

1 s;i+;tlg;;4F:;t ii :i'*lii iii i :;li !i:ti.e?I?i

t;=}:i?!

:i iri:I I= il+;r+'ilr;;t;l lliiliE ii

=

,:2;;2i ri ?E=:1i::i i ;=: i i'?;

:{1i17i

:1?:;:t

::5-="-2-;==+T+r=Er-

i-Z i' : -i,ui=Erlr=ri=euirit =l;=:Z:?o;:,€=i' .: -.1 ; :-';g E i : i,i7:i : ; i i : ; i i i : i 1 + ; ? : t:ii1i ; ; : ; ! I " ' : a'=-l i i : i i ; ; :: I r i e a ;€ I ; ; ; ; + i i ; i ; a = ; I, ; a ; i :.;1: it€iiei:t::=i : i;;c r = ;:i :;: := raii =i€ii^?\uiiq :!ii i:s!;l=?'lii iii;if ;;:;;Fa1ii;i ::7;i;ii

: :i\i ii

=

i'

if ii illi+ Zi;1=z tiEi ;1:: ::=liiti; ;1 *iti ilii 1 l:'i ii*i il'+ il

1

Z

: :i:;1 : ii i;1:i1; i =u'1;';:'i+:+, : i €r;;i;; iz?uiz.;i:?ii tl :E;Esi ! ;tiii: i i ; i 3, i ; i i i i F i i : i : i 1;!ti i i i i 1 1=i ; i i i ; t\;1:;1t'i;;i;t i ;icliii=ii *i' ;t ii i sii;iliii:;; I ll;;"i: e: i: ii+t. ii::tt i:i; ;; =iz?;

= = -

fEE=ii=.=o f

j jI F: :# :;

F

P-;

+

;

;;=

:it

j

; ii1:z: I ai

?t {

? !

"

t= qF Eii

F

i: ? 4 >' F

; ;i;:;

,

iiiiili: iiili$i iEii :i iiii'i

:

F

l* lgii i;;;g; ; i ; :; i s i;iri'i i i:iiiul z:i iFii ii'ii'" i e I t i i :lf e I ; liri + ii ; risi i I l:5

i

:i;str := ; ;;il;';1;i€a:+i +; i E;;ilr gj?ig: tri3s.=!i" =; i ani:. i: : ;u;'l {i:F;:ir: t1:,it ii l7llti ig+i;l ,.: i-i al:'a-rgi ir+r;i j i

=

i: ii :z i:i:::CE;e;Eii*ig.q=ii3::;i;;:t:*;iqille " : : :' i : i t i t : : I i e r i ; ; i I ; I : i : I : i : : ; I :1:; ;l:i;l i; l-S?=i;1$i;3i7'=:7i;s :;i€ ;i"€ ;3F{;d )837"1

! ! ! ? tr tr 5 3 t *

iii i:i H1i:l;i i i ==u

a

i :; :i ;='; ; : ;s: 1r:E6ii i -F -ir=e -i = g vr4;"zi ; g* = '; : ;; iii V :li\, * :

1=7 1!

I i :i iil ; r A7z:z-" * ' :r;;r ;:i?;ngii3ii't?3;i"i, ?Z i3:;:':i;tii =?u' iz :'i!, :;:1i;:1!i1=*=liti E; r'i iz'u: *1,Yrair; ig*l ;i li ii; t i:!a:;::;"i t i=r i i-- i =;il;;glli::: ;-iai.ii3ti1t :; i i; i; 1:r V i;; il ;la I ;i:35;

F

2

i: r i ita:i IitIi;i-=+t r 4=-!:?,ii?7:i-" i :I:E ";:i c:i - - j7ta- -, ( =T=4=Q
?!

t ::C

:

> -1t

a

? r.i I

I

o 6\<: ; -a €

;:!ft

x:cJ3

' 3: -.: 'o:k.d

D U; ?i! =o:.1 4.+9 {b :r0ao_tJ

I o -v I -O--a'@ t =-- a T^r_6 .! j'c x 5 o,

o::.44

:

a: =4,= -=a--< a-3o_.^

9o i 1; --; = ooori4

!

O

;

.-

C

O 30--\J D Q--

co" 3.i=

1 v

;:=ile ;:;_ o-= -- t7

Y :,6

c:t-

<-Pr.l :o oo: c!)g ?
6+:

o!ol

q39 o-:

jo
:o

a;b m9;

.i!

:,;

9-l-r,S; :.zo-n6>(n : -

=.4:l ,.

P>#89^ izqn E cl 3 c i n 9:a 6rn:rn;-

55

",

-j

E

O

,-. -

l

=

9. o

'^ X

d

i^

i.'9 F

;

* 6 5

'^ -

dE

+o

eo! d:

-!. :ra -5Y

=o 77

5 5

E ir

a ,ai

?:'

ft'<

9 C t; !! -.: 3.!

I

-

t

a

F

o

I

?Es{ g.; YB

+

o

o

ct

i I

i;.

z,

z

o

-t

d

m

I 2 .r.t

U

nZ

t-! ITlF

clt O

t11

mc)>

a2 !.A,

mL

-{9

16

?

-2.
>P >-r zm >T

3i

i=

>:r trj

:* j-r

J !

0)

(D

c)

6'

4

€

o

o f.E; 3T I a? e I a,(!

4t

-r: oco ' q

:

a= g

F

nrg 6Ya c i !a

O: 0! Y-

E9

1

-

;i ;

:ts -; !o,X >:l;=-.d 4 6

a s'= Y!:(!a:..rp:

la

t :

z

j

9

2,oaF_a

3?i'B:

il r.^ >5A; I ; Ei

i5 zo\a . \.Df-c.

1

=

9 3.ds
1< + ::

F;

i e; i ;;Ei

=',7

=

o

o-Fr

l

F

anlj',

>lni

I

Fr +

>

Fl+ c,

TzEz;*iiA3;i lii? !?i1;t7t11+ l?i:g

i

i

2

a iii i i ;? i il lEi:z?1l.t+ii

l:='i{in{':aiztl;EiE+?zz\z,rtiiziTe;:2'*iz '-77 ;1a 1i i; ;g i;1 t- il i?ai; i: !:i2:iiiz=?i?u' ;; t i ;:7ii; a; H i 7;;2:iE=._c*i ,t4:i;i 5 s =z vz=1rili1!; ; iE ; i* i:; i;1 i 1;f .:? ?v:;ii;i=F: '=:3 : +a i+; 3 s""v_iz i : E: ig-E +:l; ?EE; la if E,al1z: i i i+!;;;;a:i:i4 i :'iI ti ;i; 1; sii ,.ii i t: i: i;: +,,til +; 5 i ;361 i?ii: i+3F;;

i;7=ii:i

:T

d

-

-! ;i -.ra)D
::

t-

o

-NI4

N

!

rc

:9-lFF

Z

FI

o90

da

:6 ,

;i.T

:biai *"f '*

?

o

65uo

i.]

!

- - - - - -: poirNiri-i oubo o us

orquo{ !5oi-

o-NLL<. obu6J:,

gpopgoppocR.

o o ob

i!;-4.!t

i! i!

U\o@o d {g @b\ooL-r

'i*' 1 ?=.i';i.tE

'-,?=1.33::

!;

oL

c,o-bobi-

bbobbba,

.o.>o

-

o5

;

E

t o F o

'o r-i

U

a-l do_=2o A

z o

F

NabbLri.Jo.

.

o

'

^

9=: =;;.4- "-? .-f :aE;z !

2-+ ;t;it": -4

L_2=

! c

zi

-

;; R-!-;rg

9 o o;o E

i

o o c

=

-= zi

E q

:

B

Fl

-l

-

ztsl o o

z

d!a

Zl. = :: ;+! 2A.- q n.d ;++ i ;<

39 a -.:

E.r

-

7

g

.r=i*ti.=..,3 -="e B 2 Z=.E-! p^creig: {i2 3 ;E:B;€: ; : i;E g:j c€c i.

a

,t

oc > *-^; s 35r.:.n,1 r c o :.@ o;: a i-r j -r> c1li al :. i ; :i> g' :o= ; ; :o os.o E: ri Etl:aF-:;;+' E :' I :5:::ii..iE*s; E3a 6',; '.c6F; - 6? c. -.. . y i 7 w* o:i" ;a{134

9

E

-+

z tr€{dt=1}r-a;:=: o 3 !:J A o Y !:50 ! I : ,i3qEF; 5=i: ; Tqi:' :q'!-i,"iq .-:: 3E; E:: t€ 1 ; n < S a F i: e H e5; as3qg!;:ig€Ei5 ;? :.;ri€Ei:iii" ;4 r3"+.;ai o- a9 i ;i :e53Ei

-e c)ao.) O -. aii-.).)
o

o

j o z

-

n ?

-

z-l

U

z

n

-

=

nl

4

=z=7

i

i

?

=t?==",77:,=?'-z r:

;

::o 3-!r.1/ -L;

i:9:5 : =-

r

.

',g=?-1:

29 = : :,1 ti:

islEr 7:tu2{

r_7=-

= =

a F

"

5 c - i E =5594

:Z?-;liliE=== ;t!gi s:;?;=li='+ :i S€2 r:o:-=;E+2FY ei:'7;=fl+ii.z ?ia;i

: < -. ii . arjr,3-_ao=l

?

!

t

-

3

o

H

S

a

i* i;ii:: t;c3_-: -i3 '-

j:':+=

:1:"5; I e: ; ! e

i=3:! =V;?7;i*i:t ;1;l-3i+r*: :1ii1

1369

- y_.

o 3 ; -'o;N.l:=.= = = ;l ? s = i; I !.3 l-;1;ja--"e*

-:;,":=ia*:i '=72-=i :iie?i :

:=.r:it:a:;l 1= €j::te:PY : j y g I ;: E-:

-=c==3=-=L:i<::*:):

:"--?1=i E"ja.: 1:!i;I '- - d; ' oa o ; -: ai < :-LF=,i = -:=:i2;;iaz: ?1=:ji

:+=isi i ":i :;*1:; --llia;..= :':A=i7;iE..i _:=;l?q -o-! :. tT^;:: =--!)=:.:i

:;2f-; =z-tr_"--.=+=; ;t:i;?'=:1

a.= :-? =.4. =7. =i'===-.1

N(! O6

NUMAER OF SPECIES

1:,zsrili,:iiiig iE:lgiE;:Ei;r:a!

g

:

;?+

|

1"

+;EE

;'

a;zi *i;Z: ;ii

e

-.1

o z

_J

-

I

t

s

z

z o

n

>.

1=''1'.

,2i!= i

== ;tii

E' !E{t;

= liesi :

? :' = ;; I =-ii/lE li +;i;iZ:+i Z"=:;i :;l:i= t?Tze ?: Ei lEiiii€ ;i: * ii:i 1 =:z:,ii;i ?tz':zE+ z:1aiii; i1t=iz,zi ,:_?71?-r!ii:i v?i= :ili?:1l ;;rilSii q I 3?'-?: El;=-==a ;i ;: t = i3i 1l=,;-=a = -:: ; =E:i ?t Er-=it=z: * "=z ,,Vi;i:Zi7l?:;;i

a;a;;tz_;7.1'r+;=l

i ;; i +7i i ;; 1!1'1E; :: ;,E ;i; iii71i1?Z? ; i ii iE: i i:; 1i ; ?s; i lg 1i'e

!r!+Ei

-!li€=l,n7iE;ri.-:E1Evt2::dqle:11

=

;=

-

9 : Y c ; oa X = =i=?ii':iP-3|izi?? I ;t*l=5 ;--t';;:..

-- 5 < = :

333;3r-? s. L 3 t^.^

9 '- ( :

a

liiiiii

Q.

-:t=1€ ;;-{;=

rit=z'o^s;-

jli;

1

t"i1,;{+;i'r:Z::=6.9:ii ti r;:;Ei:;tt1)iE:€gqvta 3:r'=a,:?lFF U :; ixZii;

-

" 6-i.:'-:-'or:-a

--

'-

":

_j

"._;E=:ei=sj=l5F_i!r>;:"=-=a

?E=3,,.!-5.;VT?T_;?Epl33;7 -=r.E.-, ::=El>-=-^--:; 1;1-i

6-l?.'2?

-:i::i::r:za:i;=il:+:qf: i 7",?!-;ie:-s-LE;l;''?E#+: !

-,p-";:5's4.1

;;Ai .*';l

=-i

;7':=

ci'-

---:€a

ai-=N'-!

Voral;t-r3ioi::*a3;;i:l; r,i-.',,Siiplii+lil|:t,€;€t:

6E

E--^

r1;:rii;lg\:;i::il5e'i;; a-E? t t= i ==r; i: "=a:.+:.'i F;;1s

.-.=5 ;rri

;g.31o,6

_L j:

jli: |

i:=;T

t

e:t=Ei Zes-;:=,i;ZiZ 1 lt?'.=t_:5it'; ? l?:F e ; it?".z; ;azt ;:E:C;;i15F ;= a -\Zu '=o::

i:li ;i3=

:1i:

, it_ 5 +

=7?t =;;;6=

9

= ti-Ai+ ;"lI '.-g+ < ,I=-^E.:. :,::.: v 1v-.L.::9,=\= Fts='.E. . ;;: 9'-1 =r5==t=:;=+*lsi,Z:i=i=-Z 7 ; tF==\?-'-;.::t*"i:t-?i-iilz

;;:l-

'i

lE lE:ii

jiitfiliii;aillin1t*:1l2i3it€r

liii iffi;Ei* l,ielizi

't+!tl";

13i?1!

t

2

i

{

'

:

i

,2

;

B

:

>

:;;*i; z ;29+::iir:3i:i1 ' = i! i i r,ri? ; i;i: ; z:izz;i{rr*i i ie I ii: i I fi

:

iiili; I :;?: r?i='iz:iz,!u,=;ii \i**ri:i;1er tEgil : lili: i: iiic; iii;: 1::ti; ;ii: i? !z?' E;zii-i;i

==z=aii

iz.r 3 i I =E

?

s

tz;i,;ur:,

1|;;iiilE:+tzl+i

i i ci i i i i i i E* 3: i E

l7v|

2

AREANlFEROUS

tcods o n.1 Ctcodeotd5

changes in the diverstty (al the species level) ofsupragenerlc taxa represented in the Late paleozoic anal Mesozoic For iurther det-i1.. .<e tc\r

Flgure

C

C

=

;iiiiEE +iii?isil 'iii:Ei?i:iiiii*eEii:il ?t;27*z?gE3 : :'i ZzZ:izzizeF+z7zz1i=Ei; € iE

-

z

lo

q

I

-.1

z

U

z

n

c

1!Z;*t;iieiilTllilZtiilli=zzzr1?iii?:Eiiiii \lai: :i:,q iE;g !l+?!;;|:Ei i; TiZi.iEt ; iig i; i =: 1;?ti; ?l; ?;:z;s;Ei;iit z7rlisl5i;i'ilii

?

il ; ? 1 ii\?

i? =,zi 1 E i i i i i i i il

i

=1;;i

; ; i i : i i F; ?

;

iizttitr=l2?li=

|; i i i : i i

g

:> :i

.-r .?

a= =ii i= jS

io

:i 4;

--a--!

i=-.;;1 'ri:;5

*x;ls:f :

a; i+ -;

eF o6 :=

aa jrEo

'-i z' zl cL;

lwls*ios -==

_-= .. '; =+A=:; R='-.:

e:3;-s

"aJi;i iliZ=i d:;:;"

F i'. o' !- o'd

:-z =E :. i=

al :=._= ::r)

1: ;:' :i

f

'

I

-h ; :=

>

I 3 7a

; ;-

=

C

3?ij i itjE

€

?:r=c t=r= I :f3;i =+-;t 7:;2.==1?==, z.-=3..

i3+S:

;lE:= +I"=ii r':r=-!

:a5;7!lii,l:

9 ?, s:: i=2-==eE?:!; ri:=a"-il:F o :-l:-x:r':i ! "-;+;-!i=;L'i Ei3i;;tT;_t i a;; -.' ;_22=*g:il:; i"-.Li=-2-"i;=; i

_;E 6 j;a{ilc::j6 \Edi?;lt*i =;-:+lr;Ei ;::l=;r';. - -

6f,_=;!3e-; =llir:=1€;; '== -..

zi:t=;i?-' =133==3ii.a

ParV =;iq:

',tllziti:ii!'||i,{t11'tz+iilzzVii?iii;il; z,E!';:l+ZleElri tE+1ati;i itti1:1il;Etz

'

E

tzl: i ; i i i;

i i i i fi i i I i i i i i i

trlv!

11?t+zz,tz{11

i I1i i i

i

1=-:

F

1;

li

--

-a

'.i

-r

(,/)

=-

e

i

0.

ii::

*

:.

lfiz1

s;l::

:-o-i=

=

::+;t _-.::.6

lo-:-f

i::i; :"!:-! i:;a: 2'ri-1 isi{c ;a'';; aj]ao.;-;,;;:Z=3

:at.a

l'---.0 .":==i!

2!i:2 3:;--';r:='d

E.u

-=:

.:i

:1i=.- z1 F:;li -;+=, ^r. :3 1=

- o 1=

-'"i:1

EZ!-= =-."E?!

i.i!=g=ea$; !c.3;: 7t

++6"-

r iE

z,L1=

+il

qi llZ'-: t;Ei:' =: ftrr:*.?==ti

-a:!

11

+

i i i iai ;#7ii: i

lz1i1iiii

ii ?;'a j

!_,< I

":f

1[;=:=;

_

-;;i';rd

ja..o;i

g

ii t

1!

u

I

i

J

*7

jz !r 2=:

€i =;

i;: .3

;g; =. I ;1 ElrI ], E='!

*i

?7Z

Ai:

-'5+

;:l ::z

iii

a

i ttizz

i ii ; i i E i i i i I ei' i

tr*!+ ;1!1 i ? i #

;#ii:

==?i; ;;z?;:i:*a :?+=;it|=+ 1 ;;==l=iiryV -"-;q5;ri :n 2!TE "r ;E;=3? -:.2..a -7 i*-i'-;; ?iri 2Z a)7 t Z; ! ai V=) i,* [€= 4 g Z1 :;; a ;i l;. i++ rE'? "3T

7,

:i=,a i i i

+i

I i=

E

i' I i i i i i i i ii

?iii:?E

:

\zilazti';i

d a l-i

;

s E:

--=-.

=-<

€s

:i=-

?<=

a3:j

i;=i

:"i; lt:;

1!ai

.-!,;,

i;;i :1",

=.i;;1

l

^

"7; ci:..

4

=r!7_,;

2i"_=

:-i; tr:;2

r / a.^ =:';=

=t&

'ii"= 5=j E2^,;x=2 ::-i

::-i3g.E

'=:-2=? ;)=a ?.:-ai=1

z!'.A'

=S_1:'iq;:Id." :l-*^ o;ii;l=

', ! =.-1 -D4' , =.i;tt-: "=oo-a!_oA ;:: =-=o,i'-.'

=-;+=+EqcTB-r= 6o149= :j9i!""5i-:d€ j?=i,?9i=q?=-

=;)ti;;zq1==:;=7q:=z'i+?-

7:,-?-a--i:=i-

:E.L-A

1i Z=

,."H".=-=n t:3= f,gc6;:.oro-r'c."1= :f itr=;=: -;=l n a t < € 3: " = =:. t v-.p'.2 y

ioo32iia9:i''-'a

.;a:;aiE+'^zl

<;JIo==o;i=^

r Y - =: eA =

t; i a 3 i + a i;:_E ?i:7+3i:a,i:g = :iir

z== :=P:iPs€ ?:4 ;.'s==l;? NUMAER

-N o9oo06 oOooo6

AF SPECI E S

z o

o

z

z

I i

=

'

' L.ouninase

\

ulho..o.4etuloc.o.

\

DURATION

OF

SPECIES (Mf)

MoAnotioceoe

Jusbdac.oP f cottuc.d

tlolFro,o"ro"

Polh6.

b

o

z

o

',.

!-

o-

ci€;ii aEiiti?ri:il;t

r. ;

r+*;g c'ii*iii'iirgi i;iii: iiiiiE; ; i r a; I s; +:€ 1;1i 1i ! ii5;E i:lii: i :: +ii gi+qiE;,iF: t

;

i:

!!:'=;l a,t:=+: 1=t: :;;g? H ! i: lie: f3i:ali 1,1i;i 'u E|il?l;iiE3iitg ii:;iill:e;EEi I ii!: ic ii z;ii7 ;:A!?.+ a i 1'; 1{!::f iif ii :ztzz, z itf ; 'l?!+l*z:t* E 1=i;iuii;i;gii , :;;3it " ar+rgii+iii;g;; iL;?eii:-i35il: +E;E:ui+ ;:7 is i;;:a:') i:€) ii+-: ; i :E; 1;; i;'',ii; c:; ic;j o ai -:! ='d; = = -q =7 2'-: "22 r F';:i ,=.:".";E -"+ ?:;7?:+=r.?Zi=t;Z i,'l I

Figurc 4 Plot of mean species-origination rate versus mean speclcs duration for representativc families of angjosperms (. dicotyledo_ nous families; c - monocotyledonous families) The solid lines drawn around groups of families are subjeciive For further details, see text

so

fdtooMao.

z

z

:

I

=

F,

llli a:

r

Za;+::i.;i,i=:?:z;?Z;t i

:5i;iis 1E:i;ii i?tia?:t;iilrl

:lZt?i

:

i ;i'ri:*i: ' iii;iig i#ii:iiit#'i+Fiilei e53;E . 1;t;li;li; ai;€;3i ;i:s:i1;:€*i:il -iiia$iru':i;;:i :;+jl:;l:iiii3i 1i;i; : !i rii+rsE ;:e ie i itii;:i+ii; j iii I iiii :

l i ;ii1.; *ar ii i

ZZ

i1;:;i;i:1=::i:?r::1:;a+Ei:ii ,1-,ii1i;*1 E+gE! iA*xsiit+iyi1li?i: lF;lai liE--:i:l:r 3;1i5il l21;i;=3:ri3aiiil;::: = iiigii:iFi Eg;i:;i ;6;gi;i:;ieiri:i+iEE;,

:71 tTlzE;t?? +:Z,ii\i Z{Tira;l =tz

:i xlTi; i i l : E:ltX i ; ? 1 u,111,11f:2 tli:ZZ,:*

?,=1ii€;gT 5

=

v

+

'-rtaiizZi:Lill!!;:tZi';tz1T1zElii=r?i211712 z : .i; g i, i i E ; i ;el : i i I :r;i1?1ii i : i i ; i i i =:it =,1

;:Z\7ii=!ip: i

u+lizli:li!lZlt;:izi=1?i1;i1;z;izi;:r..;iz1:

g

e

=zln :;;i iqtiti Z *i

ryE

=

ri ili?eiq

7

;

r-

ttEt,ilii i;i

?

::ii1? 21

lii:5:ai,i+r3;i':;i

1

;

,:i+ti=:7=1=:;=] =iz',?ii=

;;: ilzzl':r;;;:v!{ittti+ciiii; ;i

I

z;i:li: iiffii;; 'lig :tltiFlili iiiiiii i

=;1*tii

i*riil

ir

i I ii;

,?z:iE i: :: i:i?. ii :,: c i: ; ii =L;?a=E:= i*: igi *lj+J' i;e ;11+1:i'i;e',; tii l1tii

:

=tzz+t;

; ;+i i:l:::e 'ziilai=;ri ;;+;i lc33] ;= .=::;a?z i r i;: il ;ii=+g i1 ;i+; .i +i=ii::; l+: ;7;Vl:;g;

iiier lE : i i i

11?i1gZAlllZT;EZ=zi'!1;*:

1

-

=i:i*li; ' i,'T::;:i t?TiiFii ii-Eiil; :

iFa*1 aEA; I ii:

=i'i

i;= i

i*

= rzgali;e

i:::uu

i: 1i?:ti=:?'

i: : i

e

i r:iXE::g ;

=- =:1-l

*i=i\i: ii i#:ii i i iiiil i i ; 3; ( i ; o= _rt :.:,- \ i;iii z: ;r=

i iii:;i:iFtl ;i,iili;iiig

i

L.:

i iiiiii i I g{ i =e;

8

82

Mesic

1',]

95

I

5

13.0

114

10

88

8.9

1,1

80 'l

1

23 1,O

9.5

_6

55

'7

t42

19

Hldric

2

120

l7

t 1.2

I s.1 11.4 8.3 12.5

33

21

3l

13

42

35

22

\1

51

2'l 71

10

33

3.61

4 a6

8.20

8.12

4t.71

ls 39 43.68 36 01

303

0-0 0

394 629

3

50.00 35 64

5',1.45

18 99 38 83

s 06 5 08

5 12

15.?8

28 09

4.32

5 03

513

6 01

5.0 6

7

39 .4

55.96 30.36

23 52 36 73

28 6.O2

3.31

31.28 39 1A

Xeric Sub Mcsic

Boih Habitat Type

Serual

Mode of Reproduction

Selfed

Lons.lived Perennial Pollination Mechanism

Bienn'al Sho.t-lived Perennial

Generation Length

Geographic Range Endemic

Monocotyledoneae

'7.99

6',7.O1,

92

s.,

l1_4 I 1.6

xa

toci (P) (%)

lt

Number

of Mean number species of loci

0li 014 0_10 015

20 06 o.l9 o 0

lA)

0

1',7

0.07

O 07

0.09 1.66 0 08 1.65 0.07 1.59 O.22

191 000 r 63 00? t.6'7 0.14

1.3i 1.55 2 2',7

1.12 0.11 1.26 009 t46 009 2 0'1 0 13

143 160 185 158

1,46 2.11

212

isD

per locus

Numbet of alleles

0_026

0 014

0.041

s,

0.048 0.140 0.146 0.145

NS

NS

139 0135 0.i85 0

0

0.0s

8 130 o 264

NS

s

0 040 0 020 0 016 0.050

0.034

0_012

0.OOO

0.028

0.01

0 016

0132 0.017 0060 0020 0123 0023 0.267 0 02',1

0.086 0019 0158 0030 0185 0.025 0120 0.021

270 0.113 0165 0

t

inder (PI)b

Lcvels of variability bet\veen categories of six life history and ecologic variables (from Hamrick, Linhart and Mitton, 19?9)

Taxonomic Status

2

a

1i€

3

g'tr8; i{ ; -:E &s;5":E -'aeE =;iiE =:s

a

-

z o

o

z

z

I j

=

3

u-

= iE_

T

+F

5E;ii*;:?ii;€*5ai qEe;ifr3' E;;31;l€:a;?i,

zi?!;E

i;-; i;?;€ 3 +Ee?i' ii;,iE"igCEi€ ii3 iF i i a ; 31i 3; ;: l€ : :;: + l s E lS i l:'i ; i l qi:i " ;E ra ;;'"=!;4 ;E€E; : : lre; :.=s: i : -: ; :lc i =:' i;1;i;q{ ii i 1i; iigE-.:g:Fs; r;res iliEi *iE;cc e3 is i ii c l€;E{1 E: x'i'$ 3I T : Jqa*rji;i+*: =i:rq ilpiF?ligEire;i;;;irxi : 3i;aiiij;ie!;i;i= a*r::titF+al:i?iE ==lqi4;i:=:;i:ilt: :;ei i ; 3€ I i: i i1x; +1i ia ;F s r* ? ii ii 1g ; aig. ii;i ii ; 1;lltizii=€ia*":i iSiE it *i'27=+i : i3Z==':z gli; rzl;+*F iEi igi : Ei:i;;i 7i+-a*;ir iiii; :

:

=: =':-.: ie:;i;:'?x;=; ;3; i * -'; : i:;:? ? ii; : i: ?V;:'rt , tE:.;i?:i {:;Ea;;:* ra; l;i: Zzi:{;;i* ? i=r s;

-Z+E

a weigtrtea means and standard deviations are given for each measure of variabilit,. b oltt"."n""r in Pl between catesories tested by ANOVA. Sisnificance: *(P<0 0s), **(P>O o1), and ***(Pl-
.1.

2

1

Table

E

;

E

r

o

z

a

z

z

l

I

i+i:itigiiiiig+giiii; ;;;*+isiiiliFgEFEiiiiqiiE iii r+i;iEi I

siFilll;ii+;iicEi;i:iiE1ii1F+iEgi;iE'i

;i;EiglliiiEilEEiliiFiiililiiiliilisi,

:iiilil e zi;+iieiEFliii:+iltEai;icEil;

93

q3

;@

2E iE

*:!

q:;

? 't3 'v

=,8

9:.

2

taei+ ; i ; : i i i

l

;;; I iit

ii

i

Ei ;*

i=

: 3::

g

ii;iiii i,E:1,i" ali;as ;

i4i::;:e*'=:!iF;;r=:itlt=;

ir ;5 ;j;iF;ii';i;iisiiiiii+;=; q€: i;

;i=

;fi=ii'$;lisiEc?r

:iiiii?t:ji:;r;a=i:g:iii€;EiieEii:;

:t i;t. lt:iz,E;igiliiliiit;i;iiiiiiii

;

i;; j7i:=-i

:i:i i ii liaE ; 7=ri,7ii i i i 1 1 I t+?iE

t tzi

i :fE ;Izli i i ; i i :

; iFii*€gi liE

; i ii 2 ti; :;iz: e c;i

i-,-===!=

;;=

iii ;i;il I liai€':iiii

:,1 18,i1;

'+'!7;

!

rii;?ani e:;Eiiii:i:ii ii i;iiliu iiz,;iiii:s=

iii;:rlillrt*ziiliriiiiEiiiiii:lrriiiiiiii:

E-3q

i;Z='i3g.*iji5:i-i:i ::

<

{,;

i

a

a

?

v

F

z.

7. z.'v

z

7

7,.'z

/2

=i

si=a

iiIii:i

:

1

I :ili:: i i E,;iii ;i'i iii*i ; iii€ii= I

iis ir t; ?ll i:a:;i ti illi ': F; ii ii1 iii i I i'ii i; i iur i i ;

ii :*;gi iii iii

:= 2:;"7; 22; i:i

i;iiiF3; ii; i: i;;':95i3iiiiiiEsilg;i;l;;;;gii :rie:li: Et, s:: + E+;91;!+;?l Faig*l*;rF1i;ii , lrsi:i;t €ra ;19 : i*itt; i3:i ii;3qni"1;iiiE: :

7

.7.=i=^'P"---Z--.i-g-:",fr .= -=-;-=-F "i"= i F i :r ; rc s3 i a;, i a5 I : I 1i i ii ; 3 i I i t :a :izii i:i' ;; i ;! le

:tii=-: 5i31gi

i:::3;i=:j; al tii3=-tiii= -;+i*; i:i;:i i i El.iFa: ;i I fl s;r:l-fli': :!:?'; ==:t;i g;i3 iii: g;i i ;l i1i ii'gl i r,4j I qi 13 ; ii:u..;;:i :: 5i i ti := r ;:r -.=_ gi iE. j ?a'_1: : .s : : l;:Z ip ; = : = : 1? q 9 i5 i : a 3F e';"? 5i E f ; 1; ea r;e

i;

igi'ii:i:rl. iillii iFiliiill: i i;i Fii'i: ligi ; : i;3:-13n2=; :' ;l"if :i;;;a ;i i;1;a?E;|r?

??i?i#:irii=-

F;'F5r5:.'*=F coi 3::7 t*t +',n!==.E i :5 :if :a:i?; ;ii=1i*;rg:iF?3=z;1;:il:ri : ? = i =.i, =:"r3ia'it. i =iH:f ryiii!"gl r!:";:;:i;;3;f i ji;iS

:q;figP?33+?dt?A:B:; a=1=-:= l;6;1: " ot-c-?:l1f

-7;

<^]

i i ;i i

; i ; ; i :g i f z7;:l 3

ii 1

;'

;i;r:iIii

: ii :

:= i

f

o oc.

-

^

-:,: aa77

:

a; i=. = -a,:;3L", = =

c-"

qs,:

€==-'2Jj=

3 _ ='--"1=:)^

i;E=" ;

=-t

=3;

": 7 a

i a j s? z;

nV.

g,

;€r3l

; !Fq€ E:i-.-''1 1.=;= :;-5o ::2=-o=?ae9:lE aAE glei + "gP :l]: ;.lgii ji E sE;i .:*ie :5 ?"^: i.: i Lz.v? z=EE €d ^r4 ;. t .E : = 3.3 = 9 6'_ =, S Y =; =. 3:;-€a+,;i?*3?i j - 20" a = a - x B == Z iq-'i,ri ; : I j s:?!=At-='

aJ:ri-?:i=t';:

;

:=

iJ._r i: 1: g;; = o : q! ^ F_ +?:VE f1+; =i rx z:i=;1 a=-.;,*=!.'.=.==1=..Zi-=a i ZZZ;7

-

Y a._|

;-:l:l:'--'L!--''!ooD

Ia)i;:s:2;" '=igE -+:-: *?I* a- o = n - ; - b :.4= i c =4 =' " TP -:;:9:k E ! 3I '; D.-= i : +€ - Y 6, 6 3 € - -a i tr ;= =I = ? i : i = I *oav?a lr -l- = or€ ; 3j t }3-3T 9;*x 3 - ; -q 4 9 vYiI ; : d.*.^:-"a"=;j, .. c' : - eA=; * "- = * Ii Y a =;t 5 a - d a 3 "-.: + r :qe/ -r! " o i o t' * -_'q1 -t rA' s r^:f <{ i;:3- j -'E = F T l; j ; - E _dj 3l ., a i : :

e,eg.eu erz 6- E i?if

z

4 ;Y o o

z-l

5

o

_6

!t

o

L

z

c-

!r oO

;]T l-o l> lrn

c]-! €T

6)

Z

rc'
AZ

I.-.r \J lo Cm

-1 -1-J

En

Za mD

a> Op =6 I-D

is

c2u

o

o f

ii'tii;i;ii ?iii:e?;i;:'Eii'ii;i=iti;iiqi ia' :ii ;: i i: iig eit;';Eii;i ii'::i ii:" iF gi ii E iii i l€ ii*i'; ii ; ft iii i li li; ;ii ii { 61 g A ; il a; i= i iE ! I it' i :e

!;:1i

ilJi;rf

1 :;;=1: sil lf ;:i:i;;;:d: +=i,_=i :,_=2;.i!;i:i'i=ii ! _ ;e._p _sertEl;;;;i*;i;f BiEir1ls.F:

5

g gs F # F 5f f f :::E ;:t ?E???g = ; i ; :iit i ; f : f I :? : : : ; ii iZ i i : i:i?i ; ; i i I ;i {;i

I

oo)

1

o

J

Ja o;

Fi !B

z

a)

(,

o

N

!l x

O

5

o

o

i

@

$

o

-4

-,92

:

o

< (! m :_j >, eQB ft '4.i a i3(!

pl I

o o

N

o I

sPEcrES PER r06

E=* -;:

!r-

!-:

--U,!

I >.- : : <: s

go

aa (tt f ^.f @ t!. r

iH ':-v!. m >

:.4 ;:l

-!;q

Fa

Etr "4

CE

r!

zo c a

m

o o z (t,

a a

zm

s

4=;32;93 a_geo=td =xq;lg :3:;i+!4 gq?5!=ai

v

=,4_

_

-

!1 Y

da+3;!Lq

;

SPECIES RICHNESS

_- u:

p 3

.-i h

ft

g

=7i=

;!

iii; =;s*

e:i;

g o I 8o 8 8o I

:

3-=iai

rr I

E"::i=^:iFd?EE€ r-S*3+ :;r:1;E,3

:trEi' ?:ai:ii:

ix;=''

R175:

rzro';

is==1=

;22=--_

=E_;*d Y = elBE" 2 ;-41!P

?

;. >^ziil i==:;;:; r:i=r;:? I =--qq= i=-;y-"== 3i.=i+{38 t =;d:f

1; =H;. 5;Z=V

E.; ..".?.: :.3ri= P;69i

Jd

z

J'

-I

a

2

a

z

n

-l

< :_,=6 9= SAi;3 ga-;= -''-=+'x"=_t\.2 i=_E+er;F g iil=,; i;q3; :q:!-gi A: ;o QE.l=n Z-qiiz

[+ :ei3ET:{ r:3*d m-o qiii: a> ;j-9l=: s:i[;as; 4 :*;+q 3::_53n-i )-l 3Aa)q I# e:E;;31i ri=iI n 7:::; oz ::e.3? i=4ZiE2? 2 4F;As II

!

a

:i1!.iEiH!sE;P E :ffi:;, a-dr pser-sEe6E; ; t3:FE

lf

u

7?? :=++:.

i;i

iei+ i:z,E?ai;f' F: :E1; 11?i:'+:t;1:

u

iil ;,-cZ

I

;rr:tzij*3i +reE

ST.;3 -aiYeii

'l,izliiliit

I

:

iii?:iii;l;

2

;

ii; i#i i ; iis ::i Zt ,;71?;=\-.Y= 3;it:==a-;

="

ll i;;3"c

I z:L

i

i;:3: g t

n

at

i

ligi iii i l:3i i tlzizzi i iii ; i lii FEi I i i

i iiiii iii

iti;?t t;i1i;|i#

2 i; '7'=!i "Ezii:i;iiii:ii

1:iilgfi

,:itE!iii=11:i;!

1 1t!:Z?rlli i+;qi i' ?; i i 1;i; lE; i*?ils . z: ii= * ltti=1|= ;+:llZ i -1?i. :n: t= z-"zi?€

z illii-l

u+

: *i:t?;i ?; i; i p*a;,ilt;s,i i1:!1211;i* iz:tl1iit?i! = i liii: agt :E;Z; t?i -z-,i*i i r?11:lli t' I i i : r ;:4 :z?:? :L:ti' i

t1:; i ; ii !.t-7Ei11Ei11; z ;;n{i 1' i* i+i: E;i:li i j =; i=-e; lti=a ;:3: |-;\::+:= ntt; : llri: g::iT: " =*l

-. n

"='

Lrl

ii i!

L

/,n

or

a:"

c i:

=

F

J\!n::'

-<

=

--'=. ={=; ==-.

D tu : 1=:d 3-1 -,:iI

a,.7]

-o =:'i-= =-.c.t

ia.-;?

o ? !- !.-

_.L

"]

,r

{

"_ I

g -

^1

--

= 4

.-1

-'-.c" = -

D

;.:

I

- =

gi".a

;i;! '=.-N;a-.o

il5

a;

;; 3m (t==.=.u.i: ,=: r^l-rDa.ou"--

d_.=ajoq

i5; =r-;?=::;

'-

:&;c e 3Bn

=oa

;wiia{<. .2r -

'Jia91; ^. u N.^

=E -: o t'4=;;2,; ;:?:o j:+i.ai-- 9 = 3-*:;:; - r o r =. u" +

=E: .,=;==!7 L6

-< a-

-

_

=

a

?

+r:?

-==7

" r. -

-o-+-

-;..

?

:i-; r: de

L.1? E : J

a^? a- -. "^6= ?4': a = - ;?JB

^ar,9'i -!

;

e :

i

-; !q

6 1

3

?

Nl

>(! oo

p;;l i'l -Ez?iE=i !-+oolii< L " -;sE

.; j.:-:i aE j

i;'"==n1-.:Foa:" =i

t : o -, - a -!'C:-:_!.-r-i,^

:=---

==-==-7 :=:i:

= ?==V--';:

|

.)

oJ a F !.

=.q3 =4.:1

a :i

:= i.3 F'

1: a

: -'-: q m ?; l=i

,t1 '=z/:dE fl1 A =:2"-? ::i .'6 r N

+6'-ij :c-.o

::-*3'i; > > -3: S-rt :-2=.!ai t-

=aa./t-

!

....; /

a.! >,^;

j d= 6n :r.:>.) 7ZE = -

,

m

f,

x

v_

';-

j;;=f,

"

=o v'-'-'

a

=

- ^ 6da

b-+:;Ri.di3 a e 7 -:.;-"t+;1 =
1d-o-:'."a:73 =.

=

e +; ij :--o9 i

=

= t!vajE3:-i'-g ; _. A o*d -

";

;2 -

q o--.ilr

= iLcr.;

4

o-

q

:oj=

46a+:

g-€rg=19 9135. -r=-i==.+-=

F;.;;i'4

'r=r= E*s*-s 7Pl.7,z :=-22-1 ;-A=Z;

\-^va

_ < ='a x 1: c * a= a 6i -'_ ' ". l€;.3 =.---s( "-

=F

^ ;:'i::::n-A= ^

234= rZ: " a : a! : -:

=

:

Fd

q

i z { i; i t S: ? s I I Z'":7,;7===il; g ". = =": - -i -:;i

€;;-?iL=i=:

0

;

2

?

::

=^' 1""

i=n

:1ai?;ediirh

^)3-;--j,r17:= 7qe
o:
;IB

4:,39=,ff

g; f =q;;;;q;; = d.=$r::P;-:'i;:

:24=-

*

2

;

; fe=3siafla&: i;il: 1r: ?:=i ji :=,

:.s €A tii 1-;

1==

^!bo".a-"-f1-\-

:+ djt=

l;

_=x.

_=iri=+-"fr;3i: iitl :',-:? :3= 27:t,g A -) i: z --; ; s=r T% : * = t = 1: t:

-;P ;;i.*

=7r= i,i:1!:t;;:=: i'*\1n L=27 a r1.' € +* 3 - zt-:..

iiag

ii-o,

==6,+=. -:r:il i:sl =;?,2 "1a6{ 9 'E=d =:<=

-::a

icsi

"3

, 15 =-212.,-"_ * = ?=aLa =;-ca; +84-; =,2 :AqE ::ii1 =::si i:47 Ar-1 A= 3-+3P. 3L-[ ic=i* -t7*: ::ie= 'j='-7 =ea=t =;1{ a,F:-7 qa9'+g =zr=-

=

1--)? zi77: i*"=:

6 ,i Io=I 3:r2= 3 -o ==_? !E.< 3u'=-

a'!.==

=E q
1j1; n 1

:-; .

- -

._==g

;^'11

T.'i1

1J:: :.>l;:3 r_16

jno T I ::?4 E i;;5;& I >: -r ? o I o:

7;&77 1o.= X l:--r=.Fr===4a;

(^{

-E

b!

9!

38 oo

;x; -P-? E;': 3 &1 ?! E

"-Zv. ulz

.9 io?

FOE

> ! o o .!

q

I

6'

x

U

!

g

R

a;EE-=

f;;;E+i1;lli;'i:ii=i;

f+arigr

E

z

s"i Falai i4i;ieiilgfi 1[; t;e;t€ i:

E

i?:li i ic ta +; i;g ziiif;;i 1;E i ;p i5;ii a;51t i3s1i; E1i:;*3i ag1i3i! ; ;a;i? iiai; gi;qigti:;iiEs +taieai i

si;+i ri:;i'agii:;4+5sii€i 13EF3Ei F;Eri i;;gF iiiieFiiia+gi'1 ilaici+

+iE?i

i[gi; iigi[;q;eia,3 *'19 ,?Tc; :q:irt+;i:iiqiii*;3i ;f€t*;1

, g:=

INTEREST UNITS PER 106 YEAFS

o(,

o

z

Ia

zzlzZii i;iEi; a,lzii a!.ri;1ii;1qii3i;i iiii zl++sii: E? i;z;i::3i='s:si+e:=i :criri;:i[? "v +7tig;iii +igliii: = Eii,i:z?E:; i=*;zii:;; tEFitig;i;i?Ei;a;

,

i

=;

t

i+*r€

i

13;-g

ic_a!

i

?:

7

ie+g; ; iT i F :

",

134

r;-;3:.9-; -Li'1i=31=:_ z ?=f +: s

I

E

iI

;:

+i3; i

' E:18?;i;;ii 1i'iii++;1ii: iiZi'ii::liil:i +i;: l= il i* l;19-g :i+',: '=: lllilg al:: if i:; ilii; : ii :; !{1?i 1! isiiiiii;ii;li; i Ciiiil:;i i;#iiriia =i iaiiiii? ;islg tt;E+: tz ;iaf?;;3;ll:itEE :; i?tZ; 1il;i?la3;l r!=r r;i= ;-;1i7i ;f vl|iigF 1;:E ;;e l--E

1

ii+=821i3-?===)= ie piz\=ii"*Fi ;-i7eF ::r-'tV =t1i1*7'!rt ra: i qtg; ilasi :rEi:=eui+;1;gl?fa

':t !Ea1:ii?'i1iii[i1i tzTtiii#ii

:;)

:it

t:i r:i

iii

s iii?iesiiie:i

.

E

o. !. fl

f 3

i6*

a

a i

'a

2 *2

-:! @ oq

5

A9

5:: -9

na

: 6

-!

g6

E9.

2@

i6

ait:; r tr a-c r.: i P.-.) e e c q 3 E; = ; 3 p |., =.- l

lY:-'-3

I : _d .rg:r* d

;

6-3taC= 6 3 -q * - a d'E 7 {, e? z

azde.-?-

=

c -

F

3

5'o

r'.,1

c-!

o a 4 t

-1-d!;n

=

en

; b; < * = H - 9#=B

z6=d-q= -d 1q dt

E-:

E;6= e 1 a q ti !.A

1 L-;3, i9

:1 0 a! ; trlj;'d

r

t

m.D =

t

o3 RELATIVE D|VERS|TY (per cent)

.,3

RELATIVE DIVERSITY (PER CENT)

z

!

a

2

o

z

m

-l

n

q o z o n

-=-troIta

--!,-:i>

E 6'1 o Y j;@-.) F, o

Fl.;3 a q )

m

o

:=

;

>d i*FP,

d *: E o s =aab-z d 6c9 a.! 3 3'F dai tr

e.$

i

93 :.9 7d

@

r-E

==. +: a 6 ==

ag ;t ;

Rl; o€

-

F

@

!

3

3€ oB

rr

E ':F4

t.-r3

3e;

A>

=qg.=ii -1'..=Y n<e-,ad-;-3e. o-ts o o E o rD - o ii o_'J

o

33

|!}

SPECIES PER 106 YEARS

o

-.1

!

n

c

JJ

-D

! t!

o

o ll o

@

o

RELATIVE DIVERSITY (PER CENT)

o"

tr

o :' : '9-
==;=::=2,2-=.-.

E€i X E E =.=.2 -2q7*2 " !.x.o oo r x 1^,:'-.r *

4

-,-t7 *2.24a€L:3 s;i l;3 Z

9o

ia9

3i

6E

i,li

o

-r z

!

a

tal

U

z

-.1

n

z o

a

= i

::iE

i;

:='.^r -

=eFF;;1q

?7s^,;i**.

7 . ' ; 3e'

q

n

o

c' Fl

s".a

4=S

.--

i -.t i-j ,"y-

_.

r=

iri =ii

h c

??s ;a-i

: "i;i ;'=3

2i7 ::=

T:a

:< :-i;.f^r. oo 4 o - o-o

E6s.

fi

l;

E=

a

Z 3 o JAg-!.q i

i

:3 0

;

o-

;o

i

i

a

F

,

9

e-

:

i;'

e3

..1

a z o

I

=.,-a ' . -

.

E:?s;F 3; S.9- + 4f g?JigGq T3[ z=i ;=;331 : ri !53:-"1# :; fi2 -r;: a '-a!=LL it-:;: ?i7,?i:-..^.5riiel ajss?=iv ia:sidi{ s

=

o;s

:l;

e ll= -"

qr5

- i+:l-;=; {a= qi: '-== 3-? E=3

..;q:

)=e-"={= p--- "-co=? t

;

a;vdE l:=:^1 --i2?'

seEctES PEn to6 YeeRS

q 6d:-*Pe=42"-ii=+sl9liiai ? i 2 l 4 6 - = .i -.

a"F: n =. 1=

" ll o'

l." 6 3 q

q;;= ,Z1e +:

-3: T-.d ;,.a

Fag

gf9E. ":;q i- -433 o :36

i++?. i;

"^,E, :i1s ,-2.-

;6_€; ! ' =

a;aiI ."--!-i

:q:i: -':tr"i ti?ti

'1

\i",: {ti:'. +

iezd:E3e ;t^ R;d=:

)e<-p'o<2 q€=Jz:ii

E-;-i: j

io'-q---

'".ii=: -'iEf =:: ;J9T

.1

tr=e:e ,:?e r:i
t==-?? ia; =7+sPal;i i=1.':?::E: a1; ,- 4 a.14 a .., 2;.a== ==q;i = = =: i=L]27:)4 i= 2?j,E' :i'. =+=q'an;""':..;'i =Z; e.r;

'-?aPi"-2tg

Y

= i ->

o

7 ; 3

>-

.'-.i-= 1, --. =qAi oo11,.:,?2; ==.2

=! -.:-;:1

:12

lqI =;-, 1=-;= E=.e n i

6

a a Y -i

a

=-

?1 . !

N:

':

i

-

E

".

:d6 ;;_= \

tr-oo lFo o .<

96; " .

2

^ .. Ul

.- c - ?:

=

4:i+s;l i4o_ai.Y.i

a

.dtr-2o-oi- r -.w_.= i qo -n 6 =t

a==^=i-

;+11;++ ;3;.f;;

.-i_=:::. =rc:::&i "H3;!:aE 2:c:i7: i!:-*33 =Z:;76; d;q;11; 3=G1i=i

:lcs-='!3;

o.-

aZs=i:Vi+

-

-i+

i

2

ir=

<"

14t

c

3et icr

j:; =es 1?z a=a ??i 5il

E:i Er;

=

;s=

- o

,v!

'r:'

d-

!A +1

I

ll

| I

F, |

_?

FIZ?

a."' 4 D

f 3^j =-,-o i f 5=

=

{.E 8ii;,

. :3:-*e3:

€i

:=i=-^^

i i+8=-*i 2 s'-ii-ls 12i:=':.i

; j{Ez;,: =;lr*1a": i1:-' =i'7:?=.i= = 1 l:*ai*r

=-

q

E

: ;,<;,

;

t

J

9

e

;o4

il :=+

.n

?

i

a

e

5 . i/2

--

6;

P,

* ,_ = := I4

:; =-)

3

;

SsrF:a

4 - it = 44 ;---?T

3E i 5 !:

]L 2 P = s 'J 3 ll n i! 5;+

I

'?gE i:;olsar aiEEl;l: ^.:;1€.=j :p: :

,

+ ?

ft)a_4r\

-=

s\ ll 3!;;3; rR I =a,*i;iE q==-:Z I

I

=6:;5"i.1 ,! o-o-b)r=.c "i3= : Lr= --. i La?;

=

I =L7 c t l.a-;"i+z I E *k L 'ii 1 11ai1ar.?; I -,I lrr

ll-=e"-"'tj=

bF I ? q5 -r:

i)k* :i

r- sd: IE; e!

lEiiit=; I ea.€ii

li I ::

11," Jn ll l;6 l.__-*_: l7 <-r t a2 d

ri

liE.niz =i€i!.== ;;1j?::l z!i*=-iii :;Si=?.i

'e b!.qs'-k!9gi? H:4tsts5E;5-6

L

! Eai@ al A e.ac;.i;F=;t J zmn:U F<-U< @ R;a'n?E9.28 = o.-\2442.->4a.-\' n?'-Z i;Fz -o -

Z. F:s Z d== : :-=7 g-sS

<17,2 -1

:-;Tr

-=izt x:

"';d1 i;+i

'i:

;:.€:-o: 1,,-.,9 "ofil:.-? o-? z --

9 i'< ==

FET TJIEEITAE _-5'e fi.i:

, ^Y6-:)-)-

:=!Li

o.-a k-d =3i='< :-;d -2i=.:iF==* f a: ii =:-! i7i15=;3. -

-=22 v !.En

==;i*==a ?-_"_=z?=i .-1:l;-r!=

?=ai:rj_; ii

:iiq"5iq

a =. - = ' -0Efa-oo=:t.dFa::

i;:Zri; 7='i;==oz

)112=l= =7==-,. 4

- >aol:J

.-!T_2o9J1; +o

o

::

-_

;:e?-,-4-=--

:z

a*; a!3=

a;a--t;=

p

=-;-o-:_r .:. !' Z:^r;

a

: * ?i=? -+ l*-!4;;5

<;4;^!-:o2 -! +) - 2 ;-^ -, --.'

i:aE13,^t-*=!,i66._ :3qj-l+4 cr-2 -X3+s-

--

: =

a= i : -l 6 !

:EL

--*62a

< =; \a=

=:.-r 7::,1 E?i6 91; =-i j=7=

;-7::;eEj. l=3 fz" rs:_&=z=, 5 lZ?'",:6.

6 v',..--. -3r

- - a* -tL=: )'. u-."_

;;qO ;a*:

\o 'aJ

€.

{nO

^g-9;= l,:F;-3:

EC

3o

5o

fr

3 3 3 3

o

J,

.=

a-

.n

6e ag qi

3;

n v1

P

(

i'i

i:!

:;,

+

: E? i ;;3 : ;; ; i ; ; ii tlii q=3*"i;3 ;?i+?t;f r13?5:5E:r*1 ; gri i *: 1i3 i Fi l3i i. i:'i ; $:e i sr a : ; n = i + := I :i :i qa i*; ielsFsril;;; E3"i? ii"$ i

i! ; 5 i : i :: ;t: H 6

E= :i Ee l$fsi >* st 5tils i: a: Fs *+ Y F a iF =; : B; AA l: :::El i 3" = ;

is ;i ;3 i3 ie := ;= ;i

io : :3 I ;:sgfli,;:1 i: Fe;i:f$l i ? s*'*:a[: : , ? ii;=;e * ;aEi: ;= aa:aE".i s; -* g" r$ ;'f I : : :!s i: 3; i e; r;qriug i: 7"? ,. ?

i:E:-;i+i?i?FHF ;E!"13; ;;-3i 5.;E;Ii'R=ssi"eijr s;1;id X,5 lF-=;€=iE!€:;. ,'_.:.,.;=:_;*::S Ji.-Z=,; d f sFeE ;e?.;Ail;i_ ::*:;trE?e;i;=;3 rrr;A; r =.lo.xi t€r:g=:;*: ii+i: a;;r*:5 *g SiSr:i =l!Ile€'3uals B Elii=; = :i?:-aE;+E L fgqpr Ef :Is;i.*'?"; -;i ;s:i;

??FFFVF9. _i^a-:_:-:-: :_i_?-_s -1_EEiqSn*f,ligiel**=== *:r ; t r; i t 1 " t t ? : s : t; ; ! .. r y s x :-:-5:,q,j i i " : ",-ILFio-dq ^ . _ - t:s- z ;ii:F=T=9;31:'_ " "

--l

x

C

-U

O

(t

o o

oo

o

z

Io

F

:

i 6 i :i

fr ? : 1: I * d ,i ; .q r 2;-: rr i.i;F:; - a -:=:;:;:

i

I

iliiil

i

2e 9o 1?

;x

mlfm oi

;;

,iwz I>

-n

oz =s Za

T+ -ll

!an

-

!

*+;X:rnsa?;

!3n?iiil"r;r?iI s: ii :ai;: 'lqlii;: t

ii i !ii;:

;3 J ={Zd3=c-';Fry' *_=, X+c+;; .3:Fo;=xi:!it ?1: 7: s 1F-ir:E;e;;?g! i _- i,.-li;;:li ii iulil;: 1:Fiii lr1as:a +;; i; + i-ii1 e; r\2s!; 1i;i; ? !" ', I :ir ;;=: : 5i 3 i € 2'"-:: rl i='i,,?

3: l*;r:;;1";:;::lp:€*i=r:€;:i,;; =;;;!;i;i, "+--i- =??-?:E_e l;:9:il:i:?i ;l:Iii ;r :ljieF ;ifi: :i ;r;ilt;;i;1i'l'i; ;;qtitiz:l i;re;i= f;;:=is::s l5:191!:1: ===;_1;= ,_ i_ i,1ii:il3r==qJ3 :6: qilS.zE+2i :;*ii!

?:

3 e f 'xz7:, >=;.1 .1 1 *i, d;'+-! ^z.d "_.? a: <==oz 1 .p1: -r ;^-r- r=i? g:;;;T: qi::lt="t:Z = =: =;:t;:;:i^I:=r: ',=:i:=1-2-.dl.;

n

jo

B

ipS

-:: - a: ::;

lr-6r : IY

j

F

_=_'.

!!:

-

{3

a '??-.i+gqd

f 1:3i'4?v2- *: F: o elo

=':!7rq3i1.aJ:Q*3=l 72=3-:'2;d=+;n=44 .,= 1a 5- =:- j{ io a : 33 i r; 4 ^. = E .)- ! ? ! r., 1i = =

t3=-i=7t 9 i5 Tilz=e

Y

iE:;i;*=gi;=ii=;F F T?:l 5'1.. =-Y1j6'>';

!;7i

it=- ,-a r -:-.4 \y ) 7 =.ti <^:.= -=U)6 3 3€==zr_?-J C: ?Ci I F+3 =j6 7.- ; ; 3'e 9.. ; -@. . -

^xdc n)e;;ai.--4=

g -?iE -3 -;:x a=th==. 31+I.==Elp.:Z s; 1; = = -t'i i il\6' 1= :- {id 2 a ='- '-; = ;=' < 5 i 6'-; =6 6 -. = : sB t : j :rg +: pp; d : E=.=-; f I>.'o+:o:i-r@;r=:, c i a f Z'=?: ii ?-= r.3 € qa= gj-o": -i 7e..j6.

oi"'? ! t

^

dc cHF--Y3^)eZ2 :-1
iialgiff1ii€:sei;s

-"

3 P i i 9I = 3 r. : : - D -- : ;

€ ?F- S =o- 9: ; d6 ; :; E

.X

€;€;i;H-s,i!a?H;E?i 6 . - Y ii 6 a . : 2 i. -, 4:Jr

'F ;

3

O

o

;

Z

o'-

!r ?U

-.)

3, o> lT

La

^O

tro fT aa 9- rrl ;\

UC

m =

+

0

>6 z

>o= oNmO

t.arD amtz

-'E> z>.n

zo-,/.1> =oc A -,, 2

<@x

tnvrJ =eE ^-l= xlu

imo

<-{m bI<

(t

J !

a)

--= 1:.-=-c]

i;-:,.i.j

--:

-.2..-

j t-

-==

g

f)

ii;i;:ii!,'

d =

aA

r=.''7--i;;-a

:';:ai'::illi

^=i:

-;

l, =; ,="" 'i:; , E -i r .".::J; X=;t:?\I:;i z,:iiili!ii1

:''i---'

:.3;3-: ==*i1:-, iJ:t=!;"rA'; 2.' =2. =.-i +;=::--.*ifr= ..'F +.::2tii;: ei -i i -'; q; ! {i

9i.'2.:;:.Fi

-.7 =

= - =;

^6

a

:rstf

r:J-:c

i=il

=2=.?

:?il

;=l^;

i3*=:rc=;;3_c

i 2 9:

i:

v

:

v

:

2"e1i=

3la:18 -. :o:

d;

.

zi== ,) ctP't

t

-

-6

=:

-: jT:=:L- o

-

==.I 7==n

-v J -a\a= = '"=c=

EEEa

eeo"F? - 'a% iE:=i
,.5.E:

733;

?.21_!&2 :a"2=; &€_'t i ::1;-f 1( a a" :.=^t1e+o.oiY =1.+qa -3:;=.7 ;d4=t !!f ;;\ ="=61) =1;!

5=14-?

= - 3 i':, =2 =L l:"Fal

='-

3=3=; :;;P ,a;:"=r7 ,.=:2"-s'::j;:'L;; !r; j5

o C -

;+a?i o -.

-d :

:: -' -i;.eli 1!.3=; )-

:.;Bi=; 1r=:+ izii

;

A=!

AC

c-;

-d 5t

r

.'b

:.5

Yv : S-E c

c6 6l-

-o

j?

Y <

J.:

^€

:-. c6 7 ct ;4

-a

zd=ar,a ; t c -'+!

,N..::

f - d

! ;-E r. -

;EE ]i. 6:ri

F"

a ;Faroa

9.j::==!rd:=

Z;Zr=l:iri -:.';-' ".9--

=i.+;-+ z2pai':i::.-' /-=,!=.o.:--:N!;.io 2;;d? -o -lo X;' =. :?2E ;,<;i2 =;;:?lE :==iEii=:;ll: ?j.it

.=tziE:

,::2=d=

-

a = | t a

-:

lE

',-'.ii1z :ri:{

=:t:1=

=_=, ";

;! = 9

7 ;.

'.,'= :-412. :-==F;f 1-

1:t:i;i?;

t':':1t::ili iai;iia :? :: 33:r:ilii:

?= 1i3i;e: ?= P.i:;l:.:. : 49?5'F_"1. ="=iz'z=; :i:11i=;ii=

i =:;=i\7i=" =17 =-1;';'. ;3iE i" -1 ?:3-E = =c r l. J =a=a,'i' ?E = ?, =? :E;i ri ,Do;=-: -:;==! = ag :; e 1;-=:: g =*i?*Jz=-+ 4i :.6 o - - : -: it =3liiri ;-.4-=+rc i7 lr:1qa ' ! i pr= - 1 :i= 1 y.ni;z+.+= =- =-3I=;;

c

g

=

-- 3

-d;;

=: 3q F=1 9. 7a

families

"2

F

4 7 .= 2 ='..-a ! < P=

F ? c, c! i

P

=

;a';

s

j t !

o

z

a

o

" -

?.

;,! r;

6;67=: 6L F =4245;*:i t;"p11rOoq,; =;i,

;a :7?=?A+;?"ii;i E--o. 3?lL;2

;

2

r

I ; a -- "- t

+i i2I=-l=ioi?P:F=

'=3.o:'tr':i!oc

9_3 I E I i; , 1E dz. + d d p .. - b "F; ;

q

g

= lirli'17;?ail:l+g ti-liz|?iii:t:E€= I i;!; :=+""213+2i\a)=-! 9:ll-'=gzrjgi*i: . g.?ii=+::iii;n

; i t{

a !-; - =. c! 7'r': ='-. ^ a5rc1'-H:i5=5;'-:3jAi '-'--r:-oJo:_^ : Q: n ; 1; ? - t

t--.-" 6 B. I

j =?=Al--3;RrY4i.--=c I:,:p9.3 - B.'qi;9 j = 9e: =z.a; ._2,

"

! ? : '9 a : ' = a .. -. =. ;,5*=;3::eiC:; iT I rE ;=:€f;i=32.;==i,;=

=:r+ri:ri::i:J:t;

: -la

-t=v=-rl-c;:=

:g::;ie;;2V;=:ri;! j';. 1-i ? q;:.i i:3 ==

r-e"

of

sE:!q?3i6ia ;a!E!3H6=?;3 ;d3t!:iz 3

ci!-:

*c989 .:1<9 ;o'!9q

s

99lqa

N

-0

Number

?Z

1-

i,

-.;:. '-,

H

UHE

UU

fl

1f,fi

il|]ililfi| [ff

Ftllg u s

UII

llntltl

!

ilnil nfrill

flNilHflfl

uil

ufl

t,

.l

1

:l

u!

lr

El

-A;. :11t-1'ia"-

/- j.

.-,ul?-11

.

>

! - - - -i - ^ = '.-='i:r7t - --7 aui; i

. ! ! =; ?.€; rE =:3 ! \

:="-:::FE 7 7, t-* = -r\' - 'i = = = '-, .*"-6 +, e

- a3 =:. =!: --t:^,iJ-r. : -;c; ! " -; r 5= j -;;:i ^i t = 7) t"+ i

i=* i 2; i =a i.t d, a = q - --z = : =-o:-,N-

-

{

==.1 ::-^;;:=--51 = n c ; . '.---;.= =7 - -: 2 j:;

=

- =:9 1r:1: al t!

'=7=
: s n I 9 c : q,E - r ; - ; l= Z a ;-iFl:-kr^,

nfifinnn

"E

,-

=.

=,?

=z

i +- !;

a

il

1it

,a

= -

u

11r

EE

E EI

t!t

E

,n

flflnnfl

EilH

EN

nil

Enfi

nil

filffi

HFI]

f,f, UIIB

Fil

llllfr

nflE

I

E

Bfl

I

a,/t

F

z

z

I

-t F

o C

o -!

ilil

>

:;i

="

DEPTH

z

ii,? ;+;z*z

= ui.iiaZi=;i2qi-3i

.-;

it_E:=, i?2:1 !,"1i

l1

)ariii12 ? ?r- il= :i*zii

?? - a --c '-7 =i+i ?

c-:..

ii.

-r " -at9 =l:. :a zi : "i= z=3 :; =It"_=\EAalLi'.7;ni,l i1r;: 1 g't+=17 :,a ==iZ ?1 :i1=.8 ; =;i 41 t;:ra ir ; :; ;: :=1"i2;-:1 ;1t - ii--.:a= .; 1 :=;2 _==€.=,,=, *::;a =t 27_:. 116 3 :.,=. zi= jt_?: iii: L. i 1g- i :;.-: I l;; + -- 1 i :* : .,v =^ iii'.= i ; i ?at!1 ail: r'; i.r

@

-] o

o

=

z

o

-

o N o

=z

1

i: -" ::".t j:E ti 7iz:1" 1 :i Z,=e= 4 = ;: t: .O ]1A l: j*;5 . '. o-:-rJl"" . "- =7 a1 - = ' - -: : - J'd6 =; = zi.=l ! *a-:i, a

>5t7a+----;

=.9

: li i1 .!iiF,17=j.,iz=Z: t, ii7 L.,1 i : ii:E:.3:9; 1iI=7R! -Z=.7;=tt":-Er.:-= :: : : ? 4 " q^.:-o! )==7-=4, = : .-; t'r:_ :i ;=a". :j : !x== 1g +;; =.=: =1:'': : = i 3 ; E i=t1a i 11i:r;=- ti t1:'Li . ;= ?= :1.:3 ?:;

zlz+1lii lq

i

tl,{iii

i : li: s I

i

:;l

I

-=lVi?i

tii ::,1:ii;ltliii ii ;; iiiil+r it?i?a7??,1{i

j t=i i ?11I i 1i i i ; t 1 = i l!Z+t1;;l i ; i i i l i ; : Zz

ii;= : i* +* ri11 ii:59:

U

I

I

Ii

=:

i iT

Flr ii12

5

:

€

*tt;i; : r :

=

lil;?1i!;ilfe;i;:

:;iit i?14 ii31:; =€

=,,i7ia;?ia 7;=i iiii t+;lr;iiii;iiii

ilgl : lii5: j?i iuli;i i: i;

a

g1? -. I : :?i;t ? i ;27 ryi ;:=i!:; =5 2,i ! : :: Z ;Z:, El + : t i ::=t z;i;_;*; iA, ti; uZ i{U \:!'^ ?+2,!\ raiq:n; :lt r ilg :' :-z; =::: ;=*71 i i; i rr€ i;;L!?t;i it ai; +1:lil i?,ii; aiiriE* : t:ii ++?i

,=

=,

iiii tatt5F

i

i:i i +:'; i ;i'?i iiigl

1;

=, = z ? r : r=1iT::.Zt\iV?ii;

t=i

l?iiiiitili =i

i

iliii -{u+t.aiiiitzlz1iliii:?1;liiiiEiiE'li2,7!!= :iiElili:EilEiii1*l;ii liii

l1elii?i:

:',=9:.;=1-:-f

c,

=-?

7

. =;

=.;.

i";;.:;1-e;-;i

':',r d? Z.:=Fid

z?: ii z; ii::'z := ?;z 1l!:3:E*l:i

+:i.-.i!4ia72

s

--

i"=^=--=:lrl i;=--" n''*j?:

"3s?49;;+4.

5

-'-

-

"-3V .L:. = =:

;1.

EE= i:?s;3ci13 zE?E,,2,2+?=

9-',.::o!i=-

='=:)i\t7;-i /, =::==2:"fE:= a'==11:'1"-I '-?;?-:i=A

;2";:+=977_Z

- -=a'-.;

=€!;

o

oob

i

=

ilgii i;;:

=i;

g+€P-!u=.>

m

o

c z o z

ul

o

(,r

@(o

=;= I

(-

F

a

i:i:t?TE

DIV E RS ITY

+

gE

n

=

a

z

a

o

=

7

2

i

=

=

=

+

r=,?!liliiri Fi i: i;if i t!::i i i :|? !.8 : .=i E i? i; i{i?; E * :i a!7 = t ;i? = =:', V= ii i I I 7l4i'?i i: ; ; i it;12- * i :?; F i ; = =i,' iiu;v;i !=i; ::cliE t ; Ei:ii; : I itazl i + E t i i i7?i9iE;i i ;,tI= i=;1:=-lrvi:ZljiiErl=f ilr: !ti,7 tz; : i ; i; i ;i7i?z+Ii i t 1 i i;2, zzt;i ; : ti i:;:= :: : ii{iii+?:i +: r : ili1 i' i i i3 ;ii = E ;g F; ;.a 5 1 iT. 3g d-r;Zi *; : F2;i?lZZ!i ig i :

t':,?Etia?zri;;

=

;o

==l?;iE+'q?i

ziz:A:::.i

:1=!=jz=- ? v

=-'a=

!-.= ?ii

.='! 1;t

Tt_= =_i= '=t? iEi:;i;-;Zi -.: --tr -=. i, -a;:;!=2:l

-.

= =1"

=i

;'.:

'7:L o.*l '.72 4?-=

=5

'=ai !*? i;:;; z?i:'ji !ai,_=-_1a=;3 c.tZ-a7a-'Z' =1-Z ==t Li :35 [:-,j?t';2i]z

7.:", ".-2

=.i ':::.

-t," =;:-;i '''" 7'

329

2. = ,7:Vk)it

!,'

?,

ie:I

z ; B; : i6 >= I r i: i1 =;; = --t 1i-=:il^ ^ ^:

i:3 a:€6 Z2=y a -.-36-V

r..r

>

6 J) -

-7 z 9=o-3 - e..= a

7"

3

s

x;'e'.a

3A*'9

g

3 !. 1g

m'J";

!

:=siR( A

Z, ;""2+-an 3:b J o: _

i i ae'ic

a

.!:

c

i i .. ? I i:r3 , 3 -'- 3 6

;':i

1=.-='.f

513;

.i. .. > =iE

R-6

o

o

I

a

a'

a

E

I l'

I a

I5

(rr

a

=Z ..

:i

g'u

=7

^i*t

a

o-:i-

-a

=:1

?

a

B ^

J,E

v3?4i97:B

5oo-=_-.-Z

i:6 -: ^N ^5 f.9"-€:>U.Y7 N),::)o:0a*; < =-; =.

3

E",*di1:ai 2 3l; f =; (,3.T

fr

2

-1

Z

t5

g.

-iP

,a

3o <6'

I'

,o

c,

3

0

-.1

<

" !o

'} -l

) a r < < -

<

? oN o ? o

rt i| : >

o n 3 P

v)

" :

*-.] =e.., o -;=6;?;;F!-=< 166: = ;u==6t:, 5 -9.i3-=rr'13= = AJ;_ioo L" i ao=i. =Y

5r

-. c* .i^: 99 = =3.KE oabr;9tsdts=A

6aT;b:;Q-o rc I:-p

";', i;73 :: a-XG:o1o:..\ n-1 6 Y i!=6; S a_v -= o=.^.,c_ J 10" ^< ---o = o r - ! ae

n. - 9; i3 A !if a# qii"-3 I R * a" -? 6 j -5::;

ririll:. ;

!=lf=s==:A

E6--ai+i39

FdqQ=*-'2=i +ilo'-a:X:l--: j3'6 '?:€,P J9 " =3 e; ? 6 E

9!6aq;:.4ai*

SgSS[' $'u$5i+e

lGENVALU E

$*$$i siEixi*li*+F

=trPE>.> 3: ?::t= o? bn.1=

$--$ $

Pe P ; PF ; eg -; :E P ;E aceE ;;I= eA ;d $E$iis;$3Egsiii'$gigiigF s5$$F s€F -$E$-*;s$i$f! "-$';:EEs

e .1 e . \ e

I:

is

-c

z

I

ir

b

Fr

i p ir b b b ; r- ; p p i!

Io

I

+"

-c -rii';'i-

L!

!

ba

c

:

ir

b

:

I

1 * :-

r\6

li'rbl

tobb on@

;

3

b d

d

I roq

rb n

bbbooi;;iri<, A56o,\ooppo;

t) E

*E F i:- i

;'ii1-5:'s i7.<=-;l TI3?-=3| 9g T EE ?lS6 i j'; 5i;EE:!i:i :=FEqFFS;€Aait 3e r.::i""A';rF'q i;;3'i*-+:-i tli*1F3EF! =:s+?i!3t+

E

o

x

-9

9

v;

_ I

on

rq; = *^

q:3 !;i

j;

o

n

6

o ; ^ th; ::E ;4 d4

o

d E< a p6t!q+ iJ=^:

1

C

'aa " l ' r:F:1

t o d5@

?o :-:

J43X;F

"

{g!:+=fa rE ; a F s

:*^ F: i'r'q;; ia:; ?.iD c o q

=i =;.: ;953h,:*

\j

FI

:ii;+3ii==;ieggF5li*ii

a

iiltE

is[llii€iiitiiaa*illge

?Eifl9?3?;i

igiiEiagii+;qiiFi

ia1i1iilii rl:iaI z!*+1* +tae=ii+i;ee3i+ii

9

-_.1

!

m

)

<

^

.

N

.)

m

>

; lilElEiEaiEiiiiEi I F'iEt:liiiSii;Ei+i*aEl ; i3itE;;g;tiiiaiir' lEiiiiElliiililgiiilgE

;!?zt+Vg i i iEi t+;?i I i i

i 'zli

FACTOR 2:

!

-' '.

G

A!

aLl

zu

tl

i 'i "7.\

3.

i o-.z

CZ . .\r @ _)/

FACTOR 3:

ilgliliii?i

0 67, $'iih the strppling covering .reas wilhin the 0 67 contoLrr The contours show that the communities lvith high loadings on the factors ere segregated inlo well defined fields in each trme environment diagram, indicating non randorn distribLrtlons oi the taxonomic orders m .DJcc . nd ' - Se" ,c\r 'or "u-th., (\pr JnJ un

z

iO

c

o

-.r

z

o

o N e

El:

diagrarns showing ihe loadings of thc conlmlnities on rhc lirst ihree rotated i-aclors The dots, rvhich represenl the communilies, have bccn placed at the centers oi the boxes illustrated in Figure 2 Thc contours h.rve vrlues ol 0.33 and

|igurc 5 Contoured ljme-enviJonrncnt

FACTOR I:

:l:ziililiii;E?liiEi

i

ii i tIIII

i iEai tg iA i

z=E: t14+zrz1Ttz,,1;ffi,!11+tai,i

,

ztt.lzTlll;i,tiiie{{lzi1lizilt;iEttzlli

=

i

:;i:it;;?r ; i 1

t zzi:==1la =: i ; : i + I

=

:';'= t =

;i eil!,

e

: i ; i ii i - ? i ; : : a=, ; z1 ;7, i =, = = :

)i=;i irz' :i 1;:z;=g:; ii:i ittti;ii ;' :nii tzt;i;;iii ii. u ,

;=ilir:?i:z;t: i i!:11;i: ii i' ;;; 1tl;i ;,?il:

?

=i1?!i='i

!!+1i€i

t;li

ii iF it ? #l s i ; i': i 1?::

?

Z

7

':iizliZ i\,=iit:i: i;iiiiit;iii :;i::E ?;t+l;; i;;Ei'i, z;i t'riii *ItiZZZi::l3 t:?zi i=l ; : : i : 1F ;: z t;:lii:; ili+i;;l;1;i;; i;1i i; ii: r Titlz=1?; :

jiiE ;?1=,-=zlz ,'==1; r: iE

=

:

:'i=tilll!:?;ia7;te:i:tz:ilI;i:i:a7181;,

'u+tl1tz1lttrizil1!7::1itttzl{+riiiilli!

:=i a=z ii',12i i ; =::t a=;:iiz;2::1j : i; =::=1; ;1:r=2 ai: a:r1a;I:Illt =*=2-i f ;'=i_=1za;r;7 ==;-'-) =; =;:'^Z; = i:= *e =11?;: =?::=lt: ;: ; i= 3 1;zi

l;'

:z;;i:i;i:iz1zz==i:i?=;;z;,'zti:lEaiti;;rza

=.i.: 1

=:i?

F

i:7\Zi? rr

i,

tzlz ii

i

jE

+;i;ii i lii:

ii i :27:i;t

;:tgifl;ilEr

,=iiiiglliii

+:

r

ti i1; i:?ii =ii1;*i;

r:

;

icE, =

=iiai gfi ; i;Aiil 3ti +; : , i iE ii ;i:*?l:lE==;=ai i;, + t:?E i;j : *?;i iiitg i;7ii.?;i?i:?. a-;ti;;;;[=;;file =riE ili;i l{;i:

Eie+!?1ii1;+illl:

irr€,;?!?.iti aiili:;li+=i;i:;,,u;€; ;!ia;i;it?i:

=

i i i ls i i i ; I ii; I r=Eai

+ 1?i;

:1i:; iiti:r3 e !t:i;i;iiii;i:?zzi Ai;ii,+ri ,zii-:ia+T: i :iE s+tiiiilr :Lililii:; ; iFi:ii : l, ;i:iii lgit: ;i i= ig,;, :vuiirllEri' zizi-E_:=! t.:.: Zi;::E7;=.if =?,=; g =1=

=i'

ii

t:

i: i ii;;:

i zz:t1;i+g 1; 3 qt ia ii:zeli! : ;2i1, E+ .et=iiz=tt ", i;=11; ja",ii,|Zf ii:u 1; gii6a siii! ; ie ;r=q*sii:'=EEi i11lVzli:i;

zz ;t ii

=i i*:i?' iE

13i: v,;ii;ii5r9'Eq

i;?Ei:1gii tzllE i: : ii: r:eEitil ?i ;

ii;:

; i i 3 ; t ; i I I ; i i ; i : i i : :411i ; = =i. tE;iAiie; l; ti;i+1ie 1i iztz!i't z 1s;

i*1ii;iif

1t i1 f=ilXi;i

F

it;i i;ciil liiiEiiliiEi i

1i :1i 3i

;tiii

I

i i ei

g

iEi

i:

i i i i I i li I i ii i i i ii

i g

II iiIi

=

iii

=

1

:iir *;

1x.''i'#

'?,,:i:}zi i i; iza;;g;E i I ;;g i ii

I

\a;+;1qiis+ iiEiiEiliiEg +t1|;i +l=,a i li: =se r=1i

e

l:

E

izt*+*Iti?ei;,tt?i ra{*teiiiiIi IIiI;

i 1t:;

;ii;'a: +; lilfis:iii zr1:?z?:;i; Siiii; : ; is ! = etiTali;aii+ii: +4i igiliiriiir iiiiii i:iz

:

Et iii =i:

1+;;aii ;r:;lz;t;l5i s??;i;?z;l:i

2i

rtt?tillilCi :i il::i;ia*

:;'Eiil;

ii '

zzii;il{;iE= :;?i i;::inisx 1: i ::;?+= ei A i: "!1?:;3 i;=E:F eliqia :3E;?g"+3 :i;=:zZ

F

FI'F-

!:

v 3z ^ e

e;l

:'E n +d*P

=

o .11x

c

Ei

lii.+l lt==T i; Z1

;;:iz;;-, "-iA;*;i

iEiT=1";

::-'a/L)8

!??;

is*;i ;+

:i} i lz;l:',= :ii;i 7i:; ti l=;:: t 1l i * ui?i ai ?rF:

=ts i

,-2.;

.;t1: :,i;'i

:;1 .=i

r=.

;z=ia ii;:?i;; :::;. (a?:==i=

'=i

i

-r I

o-

i:,

c!

3

-l=

t

i5 q

iii€;i :==:'= :=::; 3;;q=:;.= ;:==e

===i(Fa4+

ia<:497._7-;-ata:i'.tu-;

=i+=AeIfE i!==;i+a-d? a!:.;)ad_o

'c: = = +-=" =9ar ? -t--

ae 9r 4;1: jE:1=!i"; y, z i;!..v.\a-^dj E rZZ

-T!.2-ti='. _o-'i -13 3

rdi;r9"o=F

DE:r._

:€ :-

: o o.+ i i'r 1. ? ! 3 ce-+a"H'tr-+ iz_g:z?ijz : i L": e qQ

.:

7""=-=?':r';

=;-73-173="1 .=42ZeaZ-:

- a d o;: =l .a)'iaA"?t.=

7Z2 a7

:

^-<

& i; =_= = <, 2 .z y. i7 ?- + L"

-4

(+=3;'ta37* ,)r+;-

Pia',"e

IJ

=

o

z

i iilii .uii +Fi SglE:

r;; +l;iI

;;

I:F;iii;?

=.:=ri:=l;i

tr:=lj:_; ";;81;1ii

z

=Ei.t::2 +;*!l:::

; -==e=-.

:I-i:-I'

ilg*t;ll a;ia=:=; riilFii;

{+

I

z z

-

E

o a

?

: =e:z

i:

-.

s

*:1 !

?

*

1

!

1i 3 I i; i

g

i: i

=

:;3;E

i iiii

ar;1ii

;lg;Er

'

i ;lieie

i i ii:: i

=t=+a:Z

gi1r ; 71=i:iiii Xa:;E iFiii 1?;3ti:r ;iii i ''ilF:: ++4*iEiiil:

;aiztt a !=;'=:-t:icsi?Z;;=ifi E oi=!r:i- -i ;:;i;; : ;'l:!iliii;;li,i4igii gaq-:*:i:iz:z!7ilsi: ; ^=.-i:::t: 7z:iaE E.--;iE;:.q;qi;iT:;g:j z-'27"+ ;i 1i:tgj i"= ' ili; i i ; i; iii iii i i;e;i ii€ ; =.-i I ii+= t it:;-ts ia e;€ i: i: i =::-13;;;:q ziza3 ii;+;+ Ei *=E!li:lr;;:!-:;;iE ; :-:; i 6i i 1A; *Zllt; ;,;:ii X; ; i1: : i

=

?Er,,zz7a

:e=TrF A

711"-r i;

-qi,

?r s ?i +igi = i* ?: a;:'.;,2 Zizx =; = =; ;;:=;e ?:a3i'':j??ZY, =si7::;==13 ==it===: _:.3;,?.?1. =iYs

: a A

=i

lz jp

a

.

=ririil*=i=i"

iilrt:i3iF?ii;; hr; il=i;i!i;1s is;':; =1 ZZZ* iirFji;f::l; ; ;? Zt:i;i1i:ai;ii=i : 1= 1? : i:, i ;ir

=

-u

rii i ii

1; +7,i1]a1n 11zii

t"=Z;

==.2,/:

i:1 a'=Zn**2+ZEii= +t;;, i;i :it?i: : =1i r : 19i-rq;:;l::,i'=..:::a ;:,1= ala;l-i!!??ii€ ! iE ii: i=i :7,t?: i 1; 13 i i ii;1E i:a !: a

i .: : = = c 8 -_- n_ ; 2 : ; : t 2

v,

1i z-.

-

a

aa-1

=

@@@E@c-=

-

?

;

izleliz ri: E:7: s i{ 1

..;

Q

'

"F-

i";= 2<.: Y-'; ';2 - 99 6 < t

; i i i;

\ i:i ; i

iii ;i; i';?::ii:i ;'r;:i :iz"ti iil;!FZii i*I;:: :i3 :+E?: ziVlitii !_o? : sg- ; ; i q il I ? ; 1=

;, !:i -::i igi i s; 5

i;i

'=3=

-,-:ii ;al;iii :11,:+?i'-l:iti;nl;:7i1i --'ll?;ii; -=:;; ;?=;:ir;i :;, lii ;il;lf ii r:j5 i,tu^,==3;l;;ii=;;:1 i;:l:ll ;1|a:al :=i; = :* :

: = 5sf ;

i

= 5

;;iEir ii iii r iz iiii ii':ai iiiiii i*l'ti aig ; 5i5ei? i ; ;i! g;*;;i i i :ii ri ;iiti=i :2-iiqa; ::l 3r:iri il?ia;?

i;

it:;; it: i ii ;;=;,;r ;i =;z,_tli;=;,1!::rE

; ; i; i;'i i i u : ;i ;ai ii::ri iiii3*1 i 3;l ,, ;i 111 li;i,; li ?i;;i t-tI i ;:i:;t t i ii; g: ::Ti;; an;iil',n= igg:;:: :; l:l il;q

?:i;;:'

i i!

a

-

* : + : t- t =Qz= iE I z+ i:zz' z t:: :1t;e1 7i7?? -a;: :6=2r"=" ;i!?iz=i'.11i i :;i;1?at:7: u:i i * I" i i i- i : I :, 11;

s;;"'!:;3o-:11lii::;*

x=d-:

=

3a

? o=e

T

5

i: i;F

-s":-r^

gV

i;i:i f3 ;i:ii -:i =- i:.itgl?:t ee::e. i;rui; aFpr: i:i:Fli ;; ;i *3 g: 3l; ;i ;; 1;i;: if ll i I ;+ 3 ii ;il i+ ii iii=f-* +i ii si gl !; g* ag; f q ;; i€

i1::: :B-jIa? ;::y1I:"a1:

!

.)

ri i: l;: I; E ti;: ii 1 1j; a=i; s ;i+ :, .'3rF iF i llf i ;."

-'.5

a

"n

= :; !. *n.':: i i" "t7j "i"j= =L ;5 E F€ i1i=z=! -:+5a ;

rl::'1:;t2 ; i:F::ll =:=+=r.,;il" iTtit rtu: ;u*l i:i ! i it:1;;l t:r=l ;r:l ii I ;;; ; i :=*Z- ?i i=qii i;;:

s=tI =rI r".Ie =;?.tl:

F[9

i;:1

!,p =: i?;; _-i IiErii:,i=:ii;:i+ =7i g '-:7 a::1i-:- )Lz zr"* I ry; : i':i:i; | r=--.=;-* ?; Z 2''\^aiR:5=l-:i"2?" + | :t:ir-, .i:'r$''.-iTii Z\=ipl 4 ic -;2.*:= -.p.;:7- r'

i:':

n, | :7-*3-:i< t:=iP";:&71!.+

:-

:::?ai i:91;:l;:: i::+ll*; :;rI r i7_=;ja ii:i:j;ii, *ullri;., i:aS" f i=::F i t;*i'E!-

I

)i,.=

s:" 1, o;.zi r r -; =i :r: i :;i,*7,4i:: i( g ji:;Ai2:/'z-,i: ? $r t i-=) +E.- =6;l-;

-t

:ii; ; :: : ii:;;: i: :\:is.-? il+ie;1; 9rp:: 27.i z-92 E:ir;i:,ili.li":C--;r

i1i=;,=E ::i: ii;3"-i"?12'

7: Ei /jltA=71

:;2t i':E iFi1; i ii;+;;Ii:H i:i=:

,l="_4-

NJ

#Ii;i:-i:,i+€3 i - i c.a " -0"-..t9n

t

::

(-i.,

'l]J\

rrr

ta;ii:i?i l i 1 ; i ; :

A

:

sl rJo AO r\+

'a "-

+'u

L\

i r, i ; r :: = s i i : s

a

\rJ

q

.\

L L

o

3

I; i: :

. i ; ?:

I

=

5

0,

=?,:1:iii ;

-a'

ll

5

o

z

I

o

;ii:i

ii

;

!z:;i i f i' i ti:+:i1i i i ; ; i i i i i, I I I ; i I ;ir;;+ ?;::rl-:t;;, l;:i;::t:r; aq:;;-: >;sr+ ! i,i li iiz i= ii,ii'1ii i il'iiil iii;i; i!ii: :'i ?i;:i gi i: r: ii ii 'tii' ;i =i=,;i zi;

;

I=7=;l,i :i t,=i:zi r:+iitaZ;iz?at+::: iaf i;f =+tr ii ;;i.j.i ? ; i i; il*ii ; i ; t i : ; :721 i i :; :;i:

.atsO

:.P

a7 a-

iii ii9li :;; i:: iiaiir=1: x; .;,? i# iii il!1' ;ii ;?jiXiii

jiiili:ii ,* iz:;

??'i;i i iii; i,iiiii:tiiiil ri, 1:i;:

.iEZ*ii;3,rl,u+-?;",

ifI:t;' ;rfiti;:;;t ;:: )i! :r;;:r=i;il;iit;; li;li ;iiiierri':?; .iii'a;iiarii=iil

-.iizi

ij-l]l j^

L q

"o.-u

rpE:

ti i gu i re E ; s I'

:

s

-a r

L

== i f [ 3; I 5 ; s t : gt f E : t

_o

t Za:Z

=;3

u

u

+ i ; r9 : : ; i + ; i ii ;; t!

r:

tJ cA

H

n

r 5;

,.o

i.r

p "5

*

i

q+

rJo AO\ p

r' : ; ; g ;g

-L o+

o 6 r.i oo

NJ|ltJ

Et1+

T

J]

=

o

^ z

o

;;a ;i33'ia i f,i ii ii'1 lliE9:iii,irFii.i* il; i;,5i; : ;'ii 3; i ti sl f; i aiii:, gi ;glle :a ::; ;;i 4j- i i it i; :g :s i i; i1i ii u;e; ;i 5ii :1i iii i

+l

l;{;.i'iii:t;;iiiqiri;;*iiili;Fl;;, i,;i'il i; i:s: i: iirg ;e;;iriii;a;5i;g;i

ii

q

g€

1ii i:iiiti ii1;;;i ii iii lii;'ili5 iF'ii;ii 1i iii r€ v3;ia i: *a :,dri ;ii:l:i: 2i ?3=i i ; i ir ;; i3'i +.i i l; ii' ;i 3i ;; i3 :

3

l:5;ir lliti;:;ii;ii{ r;si;ii; i;'i; 'rilir i r: 3it ii::3 :!'issa;; ii'i;:ii 1i i; :i;-*3

';lll;:;i=iq=i;1ii iiii-l:,i:iil*i:iii= tiitl :=i

: : e ; ?,;?

-!

ouJb! tJtJlJtjlJtJ|J 1!NrrJtJF+O Fu!o fJ!o(

oJo

o

,r-; ! t T * ,.I ; t i I i I -; ! :P F; ?; €g :-._,. B :

i 1i

-pP-t--=@ E @

:

o

l:

3P5^ Z

1"

€

-59t3

;3es=3e

b

!- _-r

r! 4. w,!

jiss

.

iii

+\ rj

\ Q

9ul +:

5 rrJ

-N

+

a

a !

O

s

(/) (})

'{u)

Qa IJ o J-, -\o {uJ oo quJ

tJN ,o\,o lJlJ ql

IJ N

=

F

TJ

1

o-l

ii;-=4

-

m

n

<

o

z

^

A

o

';i

u

:;?;p:;;:i: lgr;slii friit=s?r; il:= :i1;;iiE ' i!:i: ;i!i ;t'i;;;e i3i:e;ii: ?in:: ;::;;?;z i ; ;i'l; zi."r;l lg=:1 il;:. ii; :i tf ;;:ii; :: i ;i ;i i: ; :; F: li 1??1i i; 11 li ;:i s;

:liii i ; i I i' ii i i i i i- i i* : i; i:il'iii'*ii1,,1;u=' r:ri; s;?FlEri i

i:,i

5{C.

o(nA ,a -o -\r (!QOJ (^9+

iN.co.

-i,trtti

_o a.

!,

:. :-€ -:

;iliiiiliii'

.=

t,_

aiiii:ili:f :;;: il i1';i r= :+ti ri ;;=+i; ti;lr; *iir i:=ri -: :j=;.: ;;tT!;IEiii ;;;; ?c;:;; i; fli i,,u aj :ti;*: i;;{; Z=izit E i? :iE -r :.i 19E';:f :i:: ? ;i:ii; iiai i: :-z +i2: =e :l ,ii ir;;a;+ rii;;i l*1; il ;1 ;; l3:;

:

r;-

E oh-!

oaFi5! ;@g tr 5;-!

*Fo !ro -:m -; o

a=;z:iiE ;ti?: ;;iIi;l;iii=ii;; I s;i5;5: -: iis,iry 1z 3;i;r€ 35e5? rii;1 tl=:{ i-:|,lr x "-.=3o 'ilTli:e--==e 1.= tl*s:g ,-?ii' E ?i: ++ i -; ..*:;i: {; lE 3 ;1 ; i

=.

-\

; i i i i ; q' + i : : : ;

,\r

=7 ii:,i?+tTi -.i?7 I=;?c-r:li3=i91?:

=

'\)

; : iIc;ii : a; s;a{[aa1 5i iIu6 c :3-:==^ 1!;t-: : l, +-i:

=l;7?;,=u i:i

o\

o|J o!

"aiL

5iB;Fl: ig i= [:i'? 5 ?t;;j f i:

o.

AAA

aaa+..trtrEt, AiJ

-

re

!IJ

=

X€

iti;i

: 1O :rl:

fo : tie' a3E'l * .:T '"Ti.P9 ir ! :. *&

^O

d} i',

^ "' * ,r '.4==:s Z

0

- I ?9 r

q5mt o<:o-+

(!de : : @r: f! ^xtu3. h uJq ! 5;

J,. -^ef € Fi3

RB

m

= -

o

7

a

A

o

1

:;:

1

1

=

3

1

.ii:i;ti, I ii \zili : ii i : ig i ; i i i' i I ;:Ii i i a; r i1+ ii'li=ia+l* i i ii; :;i;;;, s=: iiii;i;i=i;ii i' iriEiz:i! qaiiiiiii Etigii i*;i;ig;;;il'ij; ! ii iliEiil;: iiirFiiii f i;ai s+iiiii;i'ir :?iz il ;i i* i;i ii:;i1il; ilri:r ;e;i ;i i ii ;:, ;

:'=ii=

+'o a+s +a -o

,i, =iriEi:lj:i Er:L;I;;*?;: 5?t ::; 1:1;:ii:l1: ;;:I;: 'ii t;;; ",j2;:,7a ii: ii ; iii:iIljir i: l:€ :; V?il*;i:rq4 Ii;1;1 t:li;=gt"=;",,: l;i 1! ti:i: te!1i; ;gid:; '.*t+a Ee FE e i+;

"-Z=ii|+;i: lq;r:;;i; ;il +zi;;;1il3t :i:i r:;i;-i r"Fqa:?3:rp;l il=

:i; E;::e.F-;:-: ian ;:liriAi::+:glrfEE-.? ai'= iitr:tl:g ;" +;rgi"i'r"+3.;gr Fl;:'g:1ii= trg?t:l;:1lrii1_i;;ii;. iii =t::i?:: -': pre? qi:Fe!: lE?;iiS!*E;f :i?=gii=:FF

ziiz;i! :T;:i:^'2

-+

-.1

;i t tllzT

lqq t.Jtl

NN

_l _+ _o

lJl.JlJ

{,l:

_a =<

=,i,i i I ; ii i ; r : t ;i i i : ;ii.lZ, ?t./; t:q 1: ri :z:::;!;; ;ig:ri:;:: 4

+o

:;a1:i;aa ';1:;

j

g

-

I

r<=

6

N

J,)

==

* l'.1 +o5 ;z

Om( Ctm a6< I-n>

DaD 6=O d-

i5r

a) <-lo J **; c moi; o =sfr

z<w

o

r'l

:

-t

;cr :; 1: or e. < oR tr

1o r,q {l '! :d

;

o

C

iiii: Il !t7t:1::fi iis;izi; ;zuzl;':i i; +i.ti!Fiir =r+'i'lls 'lrii'li i1!1ilfi it t:;i 1i:;.; i;i; :; ;nli: :: i: ;; ;i: i ':t;i ;i i: ,:r

I i:,:ii;=. ; i1:7::t*s ii:1sqq* i: ii;;;a: r:1rr: *.;i

i

\o

(jq QA

z

o a

i; giE ?4,i1! i1

ii i;ii

;l;ii:ci;iiEili; i:i1; itir3"vi;:t

+;ira;5ii i;1i3i;3: ir ?+7iz!:; i:

a1!\:l'iiii;it:l ii+iiii:Eiliii:ii1 i: iiicigil;';;E+:i

i+iiig;:;ir:;iii

*

+

;n!

;€

;i1ii ?;1;n

t1l;!

=ir

:1-

;;a i;++?;

T;

iil ;i+i? iii

=qs1g;lE;;=;:Iii= ; :;

i1gi3

;

i i?r;;;i; i!+7\':;+ | :3 =j-ztc'! 3iil i i':*::;:1 ii:i= : ;;:;;ei;: iiiiV?t' +;i5il==+ i?ii; ;

i:? i

= :ii iltli;;:iiii;ii ::7=1 ;3i***:e;;la:q':=;;r1si:?a3i;aii* :!11i i+alira+iii;;' #:: ; i a;itigElieiailg =':zEtiii;ii:;i;;l;;ii:+iiiilr;

,i: :: -:.;=:

: li.xiii ;i:i3

g:7i1ii x+i

;:*ei i{;:c;iri;1:€iii €l *12";+i;ri;iii: a€ I ls-=i7*z i ; i i E::3 :; i4:_1L I :72;7e*; eei = 1 iiiii iiiii;i;itiliiii ii;?sii+?1isiE?i

rE

t1??!iil;;ziiili at;;Eiii: ;tE{t;i i :?iii iiiil

! ai I

: ? :; i i i 1? e' ; e : i r i iiaE

E

lV1zZriili;za lrl?1=' i i i i il.T trtrz:tZ

IP

: :

)a:l-

J - U

a:

+t

A ^

-,

419d''i\ 1: .r a"-

*9t3.iq

- 5r:'.!:? c a-7 il

=a

.i -V, ' =

. 1J. -". =a:'qa nb-.\
o

,J2A;.2,,

2 Z' : i, = "? A --- !r: n --' *';===

',=d

a-ii-=3-i

AE

l3

-
-^=l,iigir

J6=i;

N<-

":.^dr,:aru 7, a -/

-2 A =A*l 3. !.: -2 = t 2 P= \ e-T.E -; o! *di;:"

.

c;c:

=Xa-.

a:.'al

p

)

@

d_

-:1

5

s

F .'3

:

r.15 :.t .'! :

o F;

0

D

E

=

a;+. i;5Ei: ; l oT

-'

z

/izi

^

";

-c

c .-

-J o: 1c.2 d = _c - L..i

x'-:;

3

g

P

;

t

o

I

I .r',! . {-q;l::" ;3rid:""Je::{R'::; " i:r" :; !;ji:::: -":;'j;E;;; : '.' :, :"'..:- i,,i" :3:i,i" .;i,;'l;"

at

?"- 7i i_ ;="z aJ.iz

qZ

.i96co:icD g:: b j !it

-nn: ,E9fi caFP-

":

:. 'r! .i

3d a";a:"3i

-d "e

a;i 3i.:;: e;i ! ;!i

:J

r

F

i.

: . g

q!

3g

1

: : :

l i

q

-l

m

l

o

o

z

l

q

n

o

=*; + * . r, z=r=

-, =

=

d

4

=

, a-

a

?:.-

-

5;

=.

-: -:

:

:

-

,;

@

o

:'-r

n

d

:-6^ o

!+.1l:-

;i

s

; Z--

==.4 a,';6 :=a : ;;

aisl

? : =

=a'

i=--

ids 7; :'Z:

s

{j z

CD

-.D - - -

rrl

z

--l

-.J

N

-..J

--J I

l': B -

lj tS

L-

I 1F:

t-t X

m

TN

(t t-

U)

r

C)

xila;i [i;i

I

ii

1i;: i+lc; i ?;a

il;

r_

"=E

E

H

t:qrigi:lE*;r:;38b ; gF=iiiii*ii:iEe:€E il=*€=,*,i 3:Fi:i€ !:s+ \i=:- ; l 3 r : : 3 i r z*i) r. :; 3 *E I I , i + i gtg i3 ? i i ^==u i;a:?;;;iii; :ilzrZ 1;;;ig=a'i i!rr::j =;g;: ;

!:=lliiFii;:l;;:l5 igil49tEFiii;FIi1i iAil ; 31i;+Tlj;irl;i€f=^

ii i ;€ i1; lE ts I l; it

;iiigiilFi=i''iiii i+;;iiii;s'ulliiEi ili' ; az;i r ;

,-.i1;i3 iEF:iiii;;'ii5gi;+iF€Ef

;:;g i i i i igii; i;; ii 9 1 i€ Ei i + i a I l= =-:fi fF;; A?,'s3i?1{ :g;: ^,2r,2; j ; i;: :: *'::E 1

=g

EZ ffi{

91

;i!

N h;9

--J

'-l

o o o N9 N9 o o 4 N9 No -

a

al:i:=-t:',5 -1{g; ;1 i ?: q -"-'z?! 1i; =.==

J

' ?2o';"?4a -r€ "Xi+

v

.!::i;; ; i ig* i

=z?=:

=2 ; i 17":t3 -i:-tr i

:

'<-':.:;"a=;.i^a'9=a

;

" [1L*'1 ';i, ^-a:aE e" t12:

'"* .t2Z=,2'= 2:=+=;-- ::3qAl-;5 ?il'q3;a:

a

=7?;.=7= ':

? - --?' - o 71= = : 'a - = 3 ; A _. qI 4 ? :#?;99, Z !. a ? = c : = f r-=q:.L

-,-=! "!^A---=rZ"i'-17:i =1r-,r5-27-::---?T, i-- i=;t7-a:;<=+'_2 -= f i"

; - | "e ? ? e = t ? 7 "6 d 5 -'q i:"-?=i18:3.;."-:a:l : c t7 -d2 z3'1,i1Z-:, 7'3 4 .,r= za6 a

c - t- --6

: TC ; =Z_ae7=:i1',?=i:3: a 9 = ,::^?:t;-"=1?'=2: , i ; 6 .. - 7 1 b i : -+ E 1 =,

i

9eJ a=z 711

=-'='.<:z:: ="qj\:J.: =i-=;::;iA:Z=="-i ei-';--23- '- d - ; * ;e - 4 ip ? ? iE -: d a 9: -=r":

=gri iliz)i'-a r=+i ? = a I rq ; = I = o I I a & i :' :i=?3dic"!"-?*;i=

7:74i'=Zb=:-;oa-l=fa,J-

J"-;

li; Bko

':=l-z^;7t"".b6=i=Z

,:Z-=:.'==7; 9-r3+5E *i-' rq::1{e,ia-

F

'aai;!Z??Z2z,z:i3;i

izzi

;illitz,i

Hexactinellida

Ca lca rea

Demospong ia

Sclerospongia

a3 P5

7e 'Tt m'!

o

-o

: i*I+z i:i;;r: zte*;ziiiltii e?*:taii?

i1#!z1lztaZt?'t*i1iti1lvaiziaTsz#++

;TlliiE

,

-l

l

:

o

;

-;)i*i lzz:u rit :! ri",:t i i i ?ii,ti;==i=:iea i = r+iti+il;zi,+L\:i?;i|!li,!tZ:i'+i*z}i,=

=

:L

Y=

L

=_

.-==Rg:*iS..

--r

=::r r-?=-: l= i

H o-I = O 4 T o-

I

i=

!r

=+i:-;:=i:

]

i r

:

=

&

?

;

'-

i

=

I

;

;1 :" : fnc3 i

"i.

i;

i S-r i.i tei at

c

ond

?o

ohplar m.gorclar.r

R.!ionol drt trr.nliolion

Lithi.lido

Sinpl.6.gorcl.r.r

3

3

z

e

3

o

n; -gr+;;E*? -iEZ

I

=-i

a

T

ie:ltigii+; ii it;i?iei71it1+iiaFii:i i:

=+i==

*:i ili

5

r

tj i I ! i i :;:rE: il il: i i I - i ; :i=ett:'i i i ?;Izi F:E : =-'=1271 !a: i;i;;: iE1: ;- iz;!; ; Fi:gE' ;;i2+!iZ;i,;iEF ;aii1i*?i=?,2; i: t;;: a:,; = !I i:*ti::gl:B; + zz:;i; r-a;i;i :s-q;ii; l3:;uii ;" i:{;ari1 : gilii;t ii: iig;3

=

lai :i'=71i +i lE?i: iq ; iEx; ii1: j:it"=1ii+;?Z:i i4 =7" e t7+E;:: d:4? ;.S

" t' :i::l*i:;;;ilii: i;=iiiiii iiiil;iiIi' r-::a':7+?:t : ;i lbi!,=??\; ;liil: ilt ; +g i +i ;1ilE ; r1;1. : ii-.-8

:.

=,'= =

=:2 i

7,<'r

ir;Tiii:irEii:3;:E ; a * i ; [ : ; : i*: i 9 3

+ 7_,2'

: - 1 i i i ,i. a i' = -- l i ; j-3 :, i ! i --,-'6'-L = t - o I -: :;:< ; .i"e..!;in3;;-i;:9;;

-;

= ^ = - i-2.:r9;#E:E221;;T : 9 i i I ? : B t.: = = ! a

- = e?='sle!;713:"-:5:i a j L L 3 *:6 rag a.c:p 3. ) ; . rz t '+,tt f: :Y ;: = 3I '- + E-: . -'n = = : Lh ": '

=i= ;-:':i:;*7;?E!*e!:? : - 7 ; ? 3 . a o: 3 : 6

7::'-- V:zzZ+s2 71r,2):' {::-5x=-7,;74 ---c, l::, -1g":=-i 4;5 t?e,rY" i i 3q 2B t.fr- g rT':i 7

; : -=; 7 ; 3 1E a " -"2 7.)=i-Zf =^,f, .rIE':=;=51;)!E;".'

- 1; 2:1=; pz= -.-

-=? =
;

.N

!L

O-

u

sae"

f

u

--{

n

-l

=

='=

?-;i ; ; : i nii..=r=:E;.=: Ii:iriiiX ,;r: =;.--=t',;!_11;5?i4i1a =:;i 3: = =41,=-?

i7i-=^:ii?: i

lii=;-i?a ! i.iz=i:ii1;e :ir15; i:\;.!5+.; ; 81"'-=72 -ea:e7l:i-:s ?:ii?i :e=:?.rr+l=+ ?-+i;ai;r ;

E

?:::q.=i:.i=i ll=;::;?i t';3]!:_ JF,^:=Z t,i'-z!.2a '-=,-.i<21 -'. ; -;:L-+= i.= t;ii =:;a =":"; = si;,Eir x!:E{l;ii.it ;r?q:

1l;::t ;;zi;;i'i::: =EZ?r:l*i!g 1-;.u-'1=E : ri:;;i

:::?=t=

=

iE!=-;= =-!;r:.-1,:; i='rZie +,t ? *;ir;i:";?=,1 ==:;i=;t=, s. i ai:ZZ!; Eti -i'"j =:: :3o-e =\1i'= ;;il : i "i'..\i'=i = :=i := :: ;- ; ;ii7+?-v: ='-11 iig: ;.6=:t -ri?-:i z1'.;- =,1 ! li :l ill li:: ; =13

i *l!;=

='=z1is'

-:;;;

masia

thozoa

Esc

An

Hvdroconozoa

'rn

Scyphozoa Z.

Hydrozoa m

"Petalonamae"'-

"erotomeO

c)

?oaa i _aQ,_.,.5

=;

{

+

<

(}

I

+

<>

X+=

or

igin

o

rigin

Compound, lol. or ie in

lol. oriqin

Solilory,

.o.ly

Compound,

corly

Solitor y.

Auloporido

Hclioliiido

FoYo!ilido

Sorcrnulrdo

T€lrodlldo

,

.-

E

-
iiliii il

o

=;; it1l3i

F:IE:i;iii litli;a;Fi; I +; i *)s*1?:tr t iii'-_::_i7: z?:-;.;

;'-=7!=z=7:i=zzE?i:C*ii;i i 1:=?!;?ii:' j

ri;

=g;:$1?qi=+FE?

:*li*=19i.:E=iti

-=

fFe:i3Q'yr--Asp = Fa: iI !;; +-

: p : :. 5 5 d ! I : 39 = I:-*E;-",.,-Aa-:i g; r ; i E *: F

i;;?i3.;;;=:; ;B:r:,;3=Ei5t:i

;;A:!;PE[EE]:

9

l! :.? z q : "a 6 -"- e E :; E[-5 r- l'-; !;'= 1e c,t4ilba-n>o-:. ,1

E

-:;

iii i::

-;;=EEi^=4

5a

3,^

+-:;7--==::'|-!!:'";ii: i; re;;:; i9: aFl ;*=-":r;iiua; pi;+ =;/i3E+ ii;-;i5qgi; +;;li3i:F:5X

;:R:,.=!=;=i.

;

+,

6

?7: ii6ii*=i==74;;i;:irti;+E:V;ian+qt€a-=::; isi ::; :!+sE+Eiir4 r1:;i?i;:e ii u5Er":;;5:= =^:ii;ite_=i in ;;;

ii+ia+1;[i;

==1 =;iiii;:si:itlii;;Ait;?i i:€:1?i+=i4 i=-+:;:5.*i +i ;?=;;+ r-;-; : - . 4:q i;€;:i;; ri:; t ??i+i i: li:€ = 1: 1lE' i1:53i+e1;3 ti:;t; p;:a;:i :=- -;:?=?;;ilSEiliiiiiigSi

-._,:

:=

|.

..:

==.

', -.l .. ^ia=;7 ? c s =.5 ! 91

ir;:Ez3: [3:1rti.+; l't:: r j ?,3r

;€:€-ll-: q =- o -9 6 1!

3r!ii_1:6'..3a"!r;?I

s'*,, j-; i - 32ii?:T:--=E;a j i =:;;:" z -:3 a6^ aF-36F1="9.X4 i:E ?: =,i3 ==-13; *32

ti:i' i::i-.I5I.g€:" r:s"=F!t i:9?[-i;B3f +19?:="=..4;i ?:5;:ri j; ,r

-;E: qr ?; tE7; Ti;i3 : r i E a i: =" g i ; l; =;; ii=s1i'r E?*i5EY-ri;sl

r-

lata

Lingulido

r

{

T

-.{

m

o n

-

!

o

TI -

Sp"it.rido

Orlhido

:

l

I

j

a

z

=

n

s

OA

t;

Obol.llido

Phoronida

Gvmnotaemata

Stenolae mat a

Ar t icu

Inarticulata

H

)

Tar.brolulrdo (rhod.d)

(unrhodad)

Sgiril.rido

Rhtnchonallido

(thodcd

Orlhido

(thod.d)

?1 3i

<

--.._

:;*--

-];;

-

=".)'j="i*+*;av

;=t-?'=" j a=r;

;e .i,.** 1i

: !

1*-=^ ,: i*3+€;:
{

r:,;:;: ail+i Fu

^aJ: " ^i:_:-rP:

qilfei;l:i;i 5:: +zi

-=??

+;r F;;;I'="=.-e3^-: ,i z:2 _=d-0;=rii3f; iz )=7 "_a-::i.a?g:,!Z ]^ -==

!-=

*Eii;=?2 ti;Ii j i

Iliir;i

ioa:

=+-47;:j=f 1 t 1;: : :'=-1:e

?:qz:7= i,i-1r:11

;+iiag?

;1i5ii:

*:i:ei1

;"l1T-FE

.) I

@

E

,'ti:ii!$si1?gt? s: ::1 ?+ :rr e:1ia:i3li;:. 33na-:=1g;li i:

J:

.=: ii;i;!=il:ii= li .;i ;;irl;*:i1=;' iintii =: = :i:;iE:12!Z? i;idii ;E:et,=ii;3e tiir,,ll ::= ;i1i1+ :ir E:;,=i=;i++: ;:i€ l;16:=:l?iz: 'iliZi

i:i:::+zri;:==l iri ..,, ;i=:_ii==::;EjI

j*

Slrophom.nidino Chon.lrdino ( unt h od.d ) Produclidino

o

Chcilo!lomolo

Ctcloslomolo

Cryplo!lomolo

=

i**::li= i;z l2liial7i

=t,i 1- ;i :,-1ul" l ': '?-: =(

-q

ii:;i

=_

=_

:i;i

iii;ii

;r;; ; I

:iii; ;z711i:11iii i 1=; :;!il i ; ; ;

1::i :zi;i*c1

A

=

; iE i

tilil i; : * '

i,: I

i i, i?i{; ii i i ; i I i i : i i : i i i . i i i ;

;

i :ti*zi;:tl;l i : ri;:liEiii;i:iiiii;ii;i:

:

':i=.i i:i{1!=i:ii i ; +' i; : i i i i 1li:l: i i i;z+;E ,:' :ii5 ; r;3 ; I it i ii?1;i i:1;i;3 itcii ;;* !1;ii ,i=';!i;E; l3i i i x: i:=;tzi:ii: Iii; ;; iii i !2l1'?,

i

=

=

= z

=

=a

-2

=-

Traposlomolo

i.,: ?Z i

i a ?: a t = :e. =i= +i : q:1;l; f i : ?':.+r i: = ;;i: -, t. : =r] =: zi .tr r=-=-i t = -' .:7'--- t7,, 2z:i;i; : ? -a= '-': Zi e=:v t'..: r, _ 1_P"ii \:i =riii'7 . -_=" J=qI 2:7 j I ; t i ; i : -:i'.:= i i 7Zi :$Z z=: z = ;i:ii ;' :,:- i.. 6t i :i i i : a ?:: +1+Zi i-: :;-; r : i 9: I ;i t *? .'; +1 z7 ='-zi =F ;+i z : 2,7'* +? ;t =",* i -;. : ;, { t:t 2 7i? = n == =. = :3 17l-i i: i -E :i;l: =7,:; i_;_1'i"=lli'r: I; i :=:._1't'Z? : 3 : i ; :: i- +'--"'--;'. Z-

3

e

t; =

:o

-:iiir:;'ii

:i: r

l;!nli:'

i

!

1

? ?12

i a:

:i!;z!,, ;ii:ii

!fi'Z==;?ii=

: :;

zi'^1

ia:l

1;:l ;zn:::ii1E!t;ii

z: =a

-Vi-: o e- ; #r'

- -= ,x

579? | ; c

+"rq ..io

'oe=:

3"?,; = ?; ?:

:: k;

#!;a n'Z;.

i=+t d r.--. o .:?Z

5Es1s Pi+-g

F:r+3 :-;=:;

S?f:3 ;-ip7 _:iJ o: -a=:r ;:a;:

x+trt2

o.i

t = ;< :: ,!

_

';i

-; ;:

i7

=Z

7:'. o T ="

Eq ;2; J

E: I

;ia

=.i ;+. -

q

'= 3 : .= -

a r=t Vil t

;

n

=;e:= .<-=t;

;:lii ; j'-

o --o

-> z

-

!

z

; i E13ii Z -,.i".1, =? k-",2 a.

c-_

:

ld a-t__ :o (_ 6.

i;.

:;tF;ll,ZEi; i

E

ii

i : i ii i

I

i

lEi;Itzzzi ; i i ; :

q

:,iittl t:!7=;1i11 zti=rzi i :i zli::i r::l: t;::=-iiZi i=::::i =- :==: : ir; ; :::.rtt;;=: i .;*1; rztitl;=lq=i t?:i;2, ;7=;: =zi; : i. se

, .i,;:V::t;1

i:

r!? tVE i:+ t : 1i ;- 7:;;l ii :"=?,!=.=i=r1+7iu,

E

Z

L = --

?

:: ':,

= 4

,

i;,

""" -

di

22 ia q;

=:ilJ

t! --c -

i== ;a

o(

jE o-+ .-

!

ii+ 1?t;i ez;:: tzii;::+:ii1i

::.1

::i

:7=tr

;i=4. = =2

-:-:-LZ

=-:;=; i-i=a ==eq ---:-= i;Ee _ :. a

_=;Aa

c!o::-=.=-a -7L -.

=i--i1 =-7L=2 -_lo-oe

=

a;;j - z 3 [ =;

/.=---;

-Efira+ i=3ffi: l.vi;

..;:a;

?'s-;; i_7ziV

za:7"" :ad-""= €;;,2 r-qi-.

=,-a; L-t+7,

'...9.d41.i

=;',-t i.rr-

!a=

.

-l;;?gr--

"=,,=1,=.-__ 2.'t=;":17=_

j

:

-''.;- -"

.

t -';'t

;, :

.-t 71 :?

<

i

-

i

"J ^. -' c =

-

, ^- 4 a- )

-). =

. = *=Z7t7iz?t:-7 C , ; 1 i , -: -. I r-

-^

"-. i : "

! 9 L -- )

'2.-:=tl *a=-'

cL;; - .

t.

D

'il;t

_"=

i '' -Y !i-

.i.: _ ::-r .t l:

j-:;--.., 2:'a = = : " 7" : E ": - .'='. i-i:-a--a=:4 :==-'. = av - r (r: u a -a,; a g.: a c =?il=;-=12 : r ': elg'- 4.

--

-4":?] 1-d:6

,= ;-t:. '

-?rl

d?.

^:i

;,:' , :'- .

J:r l.;

:,: :l

-. a : . a : =. = : o i : !- = -q! :

-)

,ix:a_;t":-21:Vi .;i, - -- -:: +=; - :- ; : 'i '; '- ?

r 9; l: . ; g t I E. '. : ::?L-',:--=-'-.?7

^*L-i;z .D.:J9_-,=7* ..cli-:.4c.-^

^ =;,..

=,2 ::,:i,jcg?=i-il

._ !

+r-=z€si:3t,-:l:; ':i=aZ-.-,-:f

:r= ;

:;I

:rr

-=';r-{.'.,q: a:.3

::i .;:

=-=c - a A;; . I - = =! E = ; =; I : j ', ': ? \ : . ' 1 z : -^ = = T: c; "i: = ^^: :l*ae_7;y_=7*22^

=

=;; -^

-i.;

:!

. . i= : 4'. ;-i ", ;-= _l alr = ''. A' '' - ?. ' t,7 = - =;;c --;. L

--=:1 ==-i ._.:'=,::?a"za - -'l:=' lP1-;-

,:..-

='=lt=.=^

_=. _',..^

=,

:t

; =Zr : :: i-L=t7E \-17a= rx'_ =i :7 1 a : -': :2? .ait* = =F7? =72i..,- = +7 a'^

:

;:,

'

''--',-'

e

:: a

,il 7 ---

-1'== i'= .;1; r=. i;ix;gJie":# - L:7\7-^

'

;-rtr::;=-: t:;=zzt=:i:z:=-i::, L4

-=;27-'=;

;

i=

v

t;

=.

-:I--, ; r:_-= l: - --1;,_',_. i= ;?;, : i - : .,:'.--iii-,i'"1==t ; ;rle : -,li: -at, -i.==.:.;:--^ , =-.-4,.;^!== ;:;€;.=r'=L,=.+1a;a;'2-a+ ; .,-., ?:Li?ij --t' : 9 )=. -?r,=^!7 . '-i-r'u=-{=t1g ==: : i! ; ::; =:, r-,:; '-=, =

;';:1?722I'i :: :i iz:?-=?:"L :t i... _-,z; --.! I 9 -=t.'-i

>-i-',.=

:

; 1'7='?7i;r:=z:,i :ri =r; =-72 .e r 1= . -:= =1 1'-i =: i:='ri _:; :j , . 4 j * :1=_.=-4. ='1.: : -. a .=1=. :: _ : c- ' + =":='al7_; Y':i=-,+_'_; : : 1 2 : ? '-. = 2 t t , F ..;

:1rZ'=f!i;5;?;i';z::1=ii_', 2lz:-' WiwexrE

a o

C

rr-

l.\

oil.

d

Colaoidao

Nouliloid.d

C

Hon- Coiltd l{ouliloidao

Aclinocarotoidoo

Endocaroloidao

Gaslropoda

Evava

Cricoconeric,a

Hyolitha

-t

nr

J)

i

o

z U

=

a

T

!

+

=t:I

iZ!t;;??21

-,

;S

r =

;Fr ;

=:

;l; +:

=;i

:; 78,'t-?=?i7;:'==e

I : : ;1:a' *11,t=:Z::=t=1'zi1!;=;t+t:i

=

il ia i

it' Era*g

1

:E

a

i i'

'=t

x

zi=tiit

a"i;1iiZ:r;si

=i

:

7*:.=*ruf i1 I ]i*:lg:rais;:zt;,:p: ,ie;*i,i :ii1:;i ei:*E=;=g::i5i;B!iE==;al+e"*sE3 A+ . !t;1=:;:i1z+ail=

l

+ I ri+il+i lr li :i?;z i 3l:i1:i irl;a!ir:;:gElag:;=al\?i1.|tZ :+

+

lTiltttl; ii ;;i I i 7\;tl=i:i i i: i s ls ; r-i:; is icit iiEiiii 3: triiiii lilii 3E iii Iti "ii:iii ilii ?i:\: 1E: it;i :!?i+:+;i;iil 1ii = ,:=tiiq ta:c:+i=t:1+ittl*ii{ii;l:l?li -r ii ';;zit;z szia?i;;i=;zi1;iF ?iiii:r=ii.{; ;i i

=t=7

+

zt7z7l

:= =;e i ;

1

zl;ii+Z? l i l: i : i ii;+=+1;i i i I ; i : : "'1!,1?i1 t-;ii:te! ii: s?ai i;;i?e irs;qiii*1i i*i:i i : :

iilll;

:=

zl :: r zlEi++a ; ai 13.'i;.i;{:.!iit =1i =i1?211=1:! 1l1_a?r i a- =_13 ii|::'^:;

+

=,=,1]::! as :=;Z?:!z:atr,

;*5il i?='=3 ' ;i+? I i: : =.?z:?Vi?!"

E

i,,7i1A ; q i-= i1t1lli i l i: i i ii ji,?ii? !\1 3 : i 1: 1 i ; i i=_;z=:=zzi A::;3E 1r:_it; ii; :?;:: t;+1+ =3:_;?=lzz;)a|izi:ii t'z'-i- :: i;=;r :: z,i;ss i?: i:Eiz? ?:='*=7=z=+;t"i: ii r:*:i +.;iT?:,t?Z1i1

t l

.24

g-

! ?F'"j

ivo lvio

go!lropodd

)

(N.ogo!lropodo .hod.d

Coanogo!lropodo )

(Trochocao !hod.d

A r c ho a o

shoded

(siphonole fomili!s

B

)

}

:.

7:

l:

a-3

:b

:I

3;;:r:-FT9

=

a'a=L.

-

-.

j

-=\ao7

=

2l-;=t 6 =

!,

-.j;;q9.:. ; ; - :b = ' c! c :. :-- \ " D = o:

a''13:,( j

:5--o: :-d-3^ _lOrl

.:.: i ci .="*-'=:

1.=.

a ;;-s. .'--r i 5 :)(

;

D

-

_

:

T

ol

i

i?:q?+ l

-11-;;;; r ?l H 5 .j -=!--';', r-;=+l;=;18

i i:;1=a Z:+E:;+:=; -.: Z:. I 2r;':-'=._,-a

;'!i;-_z2t! :7;.72:

:.a;

a L, - = =ZL1-1E-rii = 7

jda!-= l:__.r-= t'a 7 = - a '. u n n - ? = =. :-, ,: 1! c= -- -- ' ' -:-

j'-===o. ;: 4;1,_-n'-=-. =:r:.9i'.at -;i;I:;7-)

;:=a: ::; i; 7,i'=.='.r

.<:2-o!-9i:.::tJ"o1

:! :_ :-? .:r.- 7-=-,= :".,.,E

=.

zE?za:iFi Z7:zllri :-Zt - r 1r- 1'a_ E : 7 _2

::o.i='l'

:j:re:-i-.-.r=w=2=4.ei=4i"=..T=3:I ,: t= ; 3,7"- =. 7';', ) i : 1; 1Z; '-2:-; ==:-o *=ztTi-E ;

Anomclodarmolo

Halarodcnlo

Poloaohalarodonlo

Pl.riolnorphio

Cryplodor o

Poloaolorodonlo

a

-_€

99

^a:

o'*|

f ; i :i+

i=:-;=

-t 3t

I

I

+

ll

I

I

>

6t!

=

at

-7-

!Tt1=E21*;:,

ii;!

71-=='=

;'zzi, ) -,
l,

o

!

Plycioporidt o

Odontoplrurido

Lichido

Phqcopido

Pro!tido

Oli.r

Co.tncrochido

Rrdlichiido

Agnortido

;1=:1tlz r_;;r1g:,,=i?z;V:

!

n

:','itr =;ie ri35'ai3l-?=:

=

AZ

lziJui:lZ;

U

Meroslomata

Tardigrada

Trilobita

Trilobltoidea

Copepoda

Cirripedra

Malacostraca

Bostnchopodrda Cyclina

Arachnida Pycnogonida

Ostracoda

''

ra

Ediiliopoda

Kablik

Marrlocarida Mimetasler

Sel!asarlt

oi

L.', -U

-n9

n -l

-.1

m

n

l

o

z I

;

i i i E iaiTi

:

=

a+

i;:Zi;* oo-i o'

=; "=;I:i-i2"22

1.>

g

Lii*1=it1t: iiz?1{.1t ,;ii!t: i:r;;;Fi:Ii :i:e+::zE

;

=:-ti.!==i:ri

a!4z{' ; i i ? i'

=1?"'

.-i

z

=ri i=-2=i;7,F:t===?=

i€:i 1i=Z:=;a: rrLs: =EElz=,61=i+E =? -== -: o

a

E

ii+;;i E?t+zia ::;i:i;iii t ii;i e??!-ta=81:: 1: i$ : :-241?iia il ! Zi :2;a;i4, aii7li: l :i?ii ; : i j iuz;?57i,3;: q ,tir; : zi; z=1:; i;i+l 1:111ttt1i::

+i li:i]

:i 1 :i'=:r i :'

+; r i r ir =

!;:eii i 1i ;

r=,:

z:i='

=

:

;21;j1+a+:

n=iir=;,ztizi:i,::1i

?irlr==1 z=,* i

t

;a===8.€C::;-T

s5r

=i'-+i_zi.==7t'

1i;'r::ij#s1l;

3iP. a:.':!; E9.t.5"-;:=,9.'1,"E.

-

aV=i==;:15-a!'r i!:-l4iflV?:;i

*

;z=:;:-7 i3=l':3?4.

- - i ; h 3!

rP

ll

f; ,=

":

")

:+

i!=i:-

!.

7=

T

a

ir9i=:t? :?aqq::q:i::1 if =-Tp?2?i3 +.r+l;fi:;l:; {a

-_.:;e:a;-a-.= ?r77.4_?: pEe;+?=.8 i;4=-==3rA={. 'i-9:=^:AEl,xi*

=i::1=-"a?-== r;a=1:;:a:-=i:'?

=2t7=ii: ;i;7-sai;

!:=.;=ililil€# -_c,:7 ?==?i'=;ia: =,.:=ZZ=:_A=;n\

'"7i:-=li. l--ia;"r=

=773=?+a i:'-ae.2!

i_:.'.;=i

irl=;G :lE ;i: -1+lif i.,1r+l;Ll.=4;a ;"2",,t,^ 1zj : i- l:: i:'' 1: ';"--r3 ?;:trlii_ ==i'_;,qi+ =,: i -zaJ,'': .'-'__,:=3;e: tZi .:E-,e7"-a'-xia =tii'a;Ea=3i -;+ :-::=:i7=="-;;= zi ii?:iizai -1'=i"=;j;f--====-1;E3ti -=

:3F=;r=i r:

-==-: =. i: i: =ii?=.=++2VS;73 -r7 ;: i7=+z= i.t -_:' ?;1: ='=::=

=

z

I

lt; ;l; i

=,*,=

1;:1a i ; 1 1 r e ;

'1!zi1?!ii:i:tz*7,1i:t!i;ii;1:ttiz!;il'+r

;

I

3

--l

a

o >

z

-l

a

!

i=li1ttttr:1,ztii::i=Tzlzlizizzt:ztii:;+'

:ZZ:i

-

i:

:.76?7=

.

'-;

=-

o

...-

1:

a c-*

j ft .- c.<

a

=

a v "

L

--=

&

.

i

;!

-

i;\:

.-; j.:.s

:1

: i:

:: o;

'l

:

=.-,'- =l-r, L =- :-=4 E = ) t * - ? - '.

; ^ _. 4,; = D

-t

1

A'

= ^ --;7-9o =a!la;,)

a

:"::,.:*

43?:.-=YE - i 111c

= ^z-=j=Z

i

? ',

"

E

-

;

i

, '++a:az';i +:V|aii 1

a

i! J=?;Iin; -1i;iil -; :^r-r=

-. | 7=':=:,:

_ a, ='^ a - d= :'.-:;=2:.

'= '='-,-=;=Fq.

= ;

- -f7:i7;-r::-;;p= .ai_t;?=;=i=7i==i :;

a :_: -

1 :.;. 6

-": :s-^':,?l;i;-=i['c'pE --^c o._a; : = !; = /.

;

.

.'=

-r

:

,

i

--

.-

-.

:q

i=sa7rr-s5;.='iP==1 5; i"ia T_..rF: jz-;= a .= ii.=7.-.j,==..

= _ ': ; _ Z ') = ! L - l. ^ :

r i = :- ; - -:6::' = ;= i = - € 'rEli:-;-ra,r = a. 6 - z .i Z. a I - . :. 3 I "L ) .E 1 l .7_.:-qle=jJ"-1?*,:j7

.

;i

- =:--L

- = = 7 !

ilqi;bi

3

Erdchy'J.o

;i (.rc.pt

Q Dococodo

a {.rc.pt

Irochyuro)

O.coDodo)

a Eurnolocottrdco

3 Pht ocorido

izl;-i :r 1lz--'L 7Er;Fii:1i;E .=i1;:: 3:a:.'i3f"it? - q; I :Z;F= TT:HiE 3;'-!! i2',=ii!1 .=3;ii;+laii 4o-.7?2L e:c..d aa=*.; ?i,;-9

ii:;i

?. -7==:i!e2:=zz:;*i '- , : '.

>

=

1 ;;=

:iiii=1q . =-: ",a=.i ola-. c !;I= =;;73=Va ; 3 l:a 2",?=?"-=" r*: :i :a= :"--;:El==+1i: Eq=-'-d' 4e=7=: ;V:Ei:-1! =:'-7.= -; ?t:=ii5=E?e; : ::,_l _;;i, ; _i ;;ii:i i+!l;rr;

d-;

i ; i at -i i : ; u; ; Z : z =, ?: e; ===

nl=:

r I > 1> - L = .

==)=

< -' : - r =.4 -::: L .===€

'-

'll

I;?i::=,3 . E2; ;o;: -.'=i i F A;l

r;:= zI:=.: f;ii; r :: TS gili tii* !+t::; :a=22-"'-3;a+6. J;:f zA=q: E::-?-zliI==ei i1?::;a; :,

\-;

{

ritzi

Z

N

a

-t

m

n

j

o

z

=

I

;2".i-1::; i

i it

i;Prii:g

i:*ii .ii: ;:a?ii;:i ;r i!* ii; =

-<

iiiii

VJE?:1.2e""=E-: ?ri : i ?tr1;: 1$ d -/=:1 :;-!! ?:Ai * = i =r1"7?;';L=i+liitf ; io1= =i _ -o - ;;Z_tJi !.ri ; --=;c.:iiia=-* :,:7:! :t=t tz i; l;

i3;=

'i:

!c ;. =.

c

a

11; +=:ivT_i?

,Z;;: : e;

tr?1i i+f

t:: r;1 t"l;:

lilllilt i+1i1ti

=arlt'-:a

t? z*z:i

ili*;i1i ==?Z;iz

tizli i i * ?

33 rE

zi r s i z ; : -;:12'i

q

?Eia=i

tjil*i +,;;

Iii

;iir:1++'rt!: e+i=i;i+,2;;r

==.=zii

*

i :,

!i;;iiii;s

I?E1i

+FiF:+iFi:

lzi=itlll:; !?z?iz{iiFg;rri .72 ig;ii;i iiiiiilf i?tlii:;

i: ri li

ii;iig?s

,

Eli 1tj++:

E?lFilii i

i niil i;# lie v?tlii iil;iigii i;1i;iiii?iii;iiiilii; ?+rlfii ' 'iilii!li

it;; :i+=?i5;; g=:l = F: 1ai:e19 :!!i, :z :7' :Ei!*i=E i i i +21!;r I +E :!:i? iZi; :':i?r:{iiu+*

::.:

;

1

?=.=

:iEriirvlsi: zEIEizZte=' +-,. iiriurZrlvlzi = .-: ";*il.i : :E=;t ztz i i r ; i :1i=31;:i

i

:

:

,

:* ;

;7!:ai:i?7lit1l:Zi!l1lliZit;1,1=i:i,:iz{r, =:l

i t; i= FF; i 1r

l:arc'

E?

E

'1-

"-

n

iliiiz1

-;

2'=

:i

=

"7;=-i1Z=-i

,

7,

-

rf

srotr"a

Fl.ribilio

A comotutido

I

3

Z

rnordea

Echrnoidea

Hololhurordea

Stelle.ordea

glaslordea

Cr

Paracnnordea

=-

-t

n

m

Cyslo,dea E

Edrioblastoldea

Parablasloidea

Edrioaslerordea C)

Slylophora m

Homoiostelea Hornoslelea

Eocfinordea

ophrocLstrordea

Cyclocystoidea

''Cyamordea Clonocystordea

Helicoplacoidea "Cyclordea"

"=

..:

^

: i:?7 3 :- ? ;Z :1 + ? ZZ4 Lq-ql r: I 3 [=;€ ; =

;V_' -lg_;It-. ==zu+=i"i-=!: iaiiai TiEzliiz;ii?r

:'

g€;i5iiriu,3i Eii:::ii3ii o6 rJ.E ; r"0.??-:r l;l:l3S?-&. | -2-; *i=+="==:- ==o':;.i;ar4;rI +;iaiiii lt;?lriiiit:a I "i'_=a; +i?;=:;:a::;: t +::=_:-,i<;

=

Z

=r-=== =z_l-!.-

7E es3 ->- 1==;3 i -ji -7-:.4 -c?"'"-a ; o -: =- " oa.ie i*-'*Z=o:'=.

\"i 2t.1 3g": ;=i , e-.i.:g:+^--=

€

=

I

>

=ei r1z :3, r +;:BtE I ;i; i t:; !.:;t:1 -a "' tnr .: 6 2 3 9 p ?!.7 ^ = j =.a.. = j : 1i=c-i t= iS e: I 1{-ci;_7 jc-7: +e; ?4,:e I + 5i = =-: + 7 i . z : lr: g ;: - !| i 7 q2=1 : =r = -:l =9'_ i + ?= :1:_ r.7 =. "; --"; ; r i'-,=-+aEr ; :=o = = j7=

=,':::-;"?;

:iZZ'-.217,1ii*"!; ;i

=

des B+€ !2g=.;: i.3 i! ?e hq q:; j , i > .3 " :1i, i:^.=='i i = == ^ '.1;rE ai =; i=:'i l; = - = 1?^:= J3;= q q :_ iI A :7.r 5=:==, I= =F15i; ? 3 1 ; :3; iS {.;;:: +E s;i7. ^=3=: . i "vi.+q^.J1;r:.D c-=-,o-ti ---cte,::Il r.:-a 4 -.2=< =g i6: ==a -= =i I ; 2 o: ..;--':7 _.

;i:12; ;:i i; 1 *i ^x=;Z:? :: ii=:=: iii1l;i?r rr;+

':^=-i7?? +-ii.==z

JTEl=Z: +-rii?.i)-',T;72 = i=i;==*: ':= i-:=12===z*Z;Zz

)j

:i'zii

1S i==.a-z:;F;=:=ie=i:--::1 - ! z_-:_ ;'-2 _ i;:_li i : i ;- r=1r 1 = -=i t='i ";=i I 7;=l ,-E'=;= i s c-i-=4= =* -: 1:ii;j : *' t I i;i--i'=', il=: ==_i;iq!=. 1: i ai z.i"=7=a===;,,7; i : =;iaJ: ; ::? i3=, =+="tjlu = i=-? ==,," ;

?i j

:

: i;': -F i'- :-. iiE ;Fi -7'=j\i - ! ta : I = 1 - . - : = = = +ee5t4:Y.'-A-': -?Fi==^*i:7 : A:-";-, EE".rti;i+i=2, r; !=7iaa'.1 :": i i? :i;V", 1S i i t ="+i! : ?=7ii:,1r7=ic??z:ii1:z ;:

:7:i?iii;

=z

=

Somo sle

ro

Forcipulotrdo

t

O!

9

oph iurid o

ide

3

Oph iu r

ido

A Phyrnophiurrdo

3

Spinutorido

I

Stcnurido

Volvorido

0

= 3 Ptotyosterido e Poxillosido

n o

oS

o.f r!

=> c> o

o oa

o,

9.

o

; tl-Zl; e. 1 >;i r:. 1 ). + =t:!/, ;!i_"=ii=::i'=zt E '7t:i,irzzi;+111 + i : a i2:,1 i I ; ;; ; + z1|L,El :7i,i;i'"7 ?,::l: ::i i: ir:i}.izVr ; = .; t: i 1i .:: z7 =7;3:: ;1. =-_ij_i7 7'._-irFa =:ii=!+ z =.;1a=,, = E e:'!i=i:Z77 ;';t :-=i+= J2 t1-i= =1"1=:'* =2 =: =l: i 4 *; : li; i j : ; i 3;=-z ",'i7Zz =-'- z +; j +: *glq= _ .,:,-+=;'.i =t"i i a::_.=:;if ===1:;: =;.=,_V^"':I:? 'i:i:;:; ;,s I 1 iia= l+ ;?i-;?2i ::z z;i:\Z:A::'";

=i3"'

= =;z:r7;t:1x:2? = = -=; =: =a=-= =i'= = 1 :!= i : ! 4l : 1t;i=: =;i z7'-;:i :*i;i? ::

i;i::: : i :I?ti ii ii ; i;'l 7a;=':Zi1' l1: l; i; ;7=. i"=tii: iT e=:?a;L : ; i :.12==n,i : . .z,i=: z= .1-_i7J=' -1

-1

l

I

-.1

c]

l

n

I

E

T

jT ti?,"i_i:';j i : ;i2ti;?_;7i"1x;i=:7 i:iZ::z?7?: a! r:: d: tZ :L a ;.3;;3l;zt =7 _-2i.;.7- - ===7= =i:=""1tiI?tiy,"::':+ a n:2, z).r;t?t r::Eiii,il;; '

t+_2 -

="

<

o c

t-) -

z

< -r = = =

-?:+o:;:-o

a ^ ,< z

/ )

l'lo J

=

.!

- ^

=aiie=:r

;;

i;;i+;=i;

i i i lt^z?t I il i

=;

Xl

9;3-:a;g; i:^'" =.?7 ;4,*; {.'i.'>I

:t \'-

i1

:1

:i:a

-/

L-

a;

:?

.e

1 +E

!L

;t

= 9

Irl

;

o

!.

*;;ii ii i zi+z4

Cidoroido

Pol.chinoido

Eornriocidoroidd E Echrioct.l iroid o o

.D

,=iiiii |+tZlzlzl il: zzz3i;i;;i;i ?::iat?1?i

I

:;; i i!+!++Vtzi li; * i?:;iili

3

i i :c +i

;

Ei i;

i:

,i=li;i:?tt#iitltitiz;zti*ii'lii?ii,ft+ii liiiii 1;lirisiiiil;1:;iiiiiiir ; iiiE;iii:s !

=

:.:iza::::+ilii;ti;7::;zin:z:liit!,!i!rz1!:=i

:|t=.i

-=;7jj)

^

-=I-=-o. :..;;'"; ?-"-E7:-:' :-: J

:i;=::a ii+!i= b:; ?:1=ST:e1:-;rr=7

z;'-=;;l:1 =:?:ii= =i"C^:L+rZ'2'z< ;;T.l=i=. 3=pA:;;;=

= = 19-:E3d

= *

-;:-.!;-

t:;iili i?:71?rg2 ::-13=F* =1;r;L;3=

-7t;L ;= jii=:-1c

ar:i r; i s;;- :;; : ii =;; =ti -:";i #: li:*, J. =5ln;r gi = a.i-e ei= :?:::Ei7; Ztz :i*l;..:q"o.L=t'i; -=7:;L ii !::l-il:7 i9q = '=^; i"2. "^? 3 I a= i 7. =_; i o- Lt= -;-:i.-r ;4. d:

;ia::v:-0.lE=;E - a : i ^ /. ; - Z -'=--)=-. * ; = = = A; 7+--r^ E . 3-z'=1:= ?a =

=

= 2

-

! I T

o

rrl

--t

7i

:i '?a^-!=-'Xzff q'._:?i? 3 v -.2=7.i ia:: l:: =iis;== j 77i rq 1E :'i * qii at -- u= l:;* = ? r ?: I : 'Y; + ; : € I < = e = F { F 7 ts ai Fq +P q a=4?.1?;.i-z

'-_

:

F

1. &F

_

t=r

": :1 ;EZ-V?i':' =7,3t:!=Zr;lr E:; 1"=;='+l:u ;1 i'=E7>".:++i, -i i i=g;f i g;i= ;ii*-a-.-:i: ;a a :=9' 9;:" t?-o2Yi5;'12"^ -. ==i7::1 ! =);=;.-==.. a; =_=.tr3r.a"2z n

:

u

ta ;f -

;; = -I '=i =) A= E j4 :

jt .

1i r z;a -- )'-. ai:==ZT; !Z=== -=-: ia==:'Lti?.:?+:it

Z

i Osteichlhyes

===.-4=:'.'-: =',^t,i =i=:::-: l+=; :?--2; 1:^E=;9;"s.9i'\73 i;:E: 2?4: t7=,iq9l,.eepc==;! )>;} .e .= : :._bi_^ ;. ! {=.Jii

j4,iZ Z e; itl-7?=:^ 1;;.€z:; i ; +;i;-:-=',-! l=

= _==. ; ! a I ; : a: : F o ; io;:-rjj;; = 1== ? -'=;-+a; -r- =:r = o a a n =_:?t:.ll'1-

> ;

o

m

Chondllchthyes

Agnalha

Cephalochordara

lhina O _T' Pterobranch a 6 urochordata U Graptol

a

7

NE

q

r5: : ;€;:ij=e+'-iE {!:=:?t.}: ^= L.,= :7 :i; :: I )lJ =,=-'.2LSg;;;;?= =l -1..r?=i =_.' i 3;-; =?=; I : ?l .;:i;: r it- Z Ttzi :, :.;i-ia.;+*=?r+E!!;11;7 1 =-= =='?

T

'

.,

11 =.V

::

=':

,i

?L

'==

;

:i:

V :.V :. -

.=

:i|;la r+^"'::iF!:=?=

=

a"

'=

1

=t==iz=v:;i;

ii:Ea=r;i;e€=;?=-;-n_-1-=--= i: ; ::; i1; *izti:i;it:z -!iiZt7?1 ii;i:ii*; {r;;iT;1ii:;:T?+a;V==iz l;'n;ni== 3 i;; ia*Ei :z;7=^Z?i;i€

=

:E+:!xi,?"\ 1li*j'Ia3ri1 . = 5 "- '- 7 t 1 ; i'=,;a4;F-.er: t =: -a== -! r ' oa'ra;ieTE

a-ii:T:1:a;ii+ii+g:i:;::a+:i;1i:' ;.

li=2::=)=a,.7)"1=-|;1;ETZ

i1i:i.;l:ilr;i :ii":ia:izilEV"-;+;i5=.,:;i

;_ : 1a Z7 =z?ft ^-v'3* -Z::ii,i:=+a -7===;:xzgri=:"i!++i:F:q>6a-Ifi 77i!= i;; ":j:,=;? rill"rT;1ii ttFi i : u; = i ;;Vi=E; e i :1 a ; i ; 1: r + r; : D--e6

,7 z g :i:a= 9; i: ,\+:i ii\7; i i: i 3 F :-zz-?i:;i-g z I;;i* i:r::=tZ;i===='=? 'zZ iir Z- {:t"=Z=:z-1;;; r€ ;? !iI a"=?j;:l: 1:?tlEyi2:z:s?ii=i 7== " ;3-33 ?' :

€

2 -'^,i;!.i=,rz=12i7;;?-ia\- .1;'=7;i.-tI'' ili;: ; -+^-ii'-: f:.r; ;F :h :=..=,x.-n---!=-* i .""o- -=n-:':z::=1? =-.zra i:9=:'a=1;s,Elt -,:i].?==4 = ==

; i i 1 !11*1z1iii I li ET,;laatlz? i ; ii

i:

q

=i

:;

:1 ziT,?:t iiii

l=:!?iz

=

:\i1ii tE tt+ iiiiri ii iililiiE :

i

ii:g==:t;:i;g;i =i!{!i++iiiEii: etiril;iqlI

;:ii #r17i;

ii:ilr;liii

+g a i

i,;zi t= iiF 1i;iii sl ;lrr;gii

;?:i:

,:iii

.'.;1 iiii;i ai\:!ll;i

:

,1|?zi1z*1*1za7tli,:TlgrliiilA#tzfl{1,2172

:1:1rt!t1TZt::z?iitzlz:ell?1Zz;tzt1,+ti'i;

iiie?ia:;izlztzil+\lltt;i+alEilrll\tlii1{t =,11:iiii?ig;iEiltzzliiii?i#+tz:!li=,z?i

ii i 1 : i

g:

ul'

:

:

o

'';

==

*l :.i r

{i

EPIFAUNA

::3 69;

E

o

cE

>;

z

ri z,

c)

=

I

?

Lz

li i?

PELAGIC

itzzzlliiliiE

INFAUNA

a z

:711ii

li

e

liiii

11

?

1

'

rno

K6 c,

O5+\

_:a, +

p aLt;

-6-|a

J +a

1lg

vi:ilz; z?i.ztrl;r?g :lil;lEii: i1*z!11zrliiE=;??;3iii;iuElz,l,iilaii

1zl,;'

)

'l

o

z

-r

!

m

o

..

;ii1:;ti1{4ill1??1!#lzzltilit1ztzizilEli

|:

INFAUNA

tz

t

{Y

EPIFAUNA

It

PIFAUiIA

*! 9!

rf,

Dii

E

6 o

fo

>io co

I

3R ZO

FI

PELAGIC

=sIz

",|]o PHc

>m 1-

!f-

-

PELAGIC

I

2

!

o

o

z

l

92

m j

o

I

ol

=

+

z

=:i;E:l ;5il:13:;iiiliili:=2 r:;ti*;a,ii+;

s

t:ztE eiltig1'l=;E li i l! i : i EE i i elz?;,;i ; i ; ', iEi'=E! ; i; i;'1:i i :E :l+ii i : ;; i i e i l1:ii;i|i g; 1{;Ilz r ; i i ; i i i ; i ia;ri+iu: i i i e ; i ; i i i I ; ! i ' :iii1ri ilii:1g: !i?\::i; ilii iii:;lil31q;i :

'i:

ri i i' !*,i::::i; z:ie;!1::*? zelzi+t i t t =-|=t=r : i? i jrz-:::i:zt i I i i;; ; I I ; ; 1ii iaz- ;?,= r =='z=?i= lllt =:;?iili, = ; : tlll; i 1;E i ;;; '*!i?l;

:, :, ;i : t zi I i t i i ; ; ? r rri?=ziEi i :1: ;i : i 1 i i ? 3 i; g

',,12r1i{i+ziii;:;zlti:;1;iitti+*!:t1;7r?1tA =;!zl t::E,: ii 1 ;tt: +t1= lziE : i ; I li ti;1* I +i : .-'-;==-i-:"=:3:: i':: 7i.2'i t€ -3: i;: l= lE;13i : *= al"= -=,- r azz??q E?_i a! zti; ? *i -=?i ?=7.? 1; P:1 i=7 ?ci

5

Tltitl;lltZzlzeltliitr+zEaCitliz'7;1:ii=iiE . : ; i ttii?i :ii i i i I ; I : i i : i11l1?ziziz; rtattti ,,=,,+'12;E;zti:iiliil:liiiiea;;tttrzl:3l1z

c:= l-= t?"i;:i i + =:a-E;; =.i:-fr'l

?.

=

i - i =u= i

===

g

A

?

z

-=

=

r=

'.

.=

---

A

).'-1

a

2

a ?

i

1i!1,

;z=izlitl ilgi:tl{::l

i r+i ;

=

=

z

zii=27

:ii;ti VZilitiiV :+r;2+ iqil4i;:!E i g111:1 ;ll+gl :::?; i+; !,;g+: :-iriziiit iil+=2 +271-++ t=,1liilt -ali!:5 F?*i:Er77ci !'

;; == 1Z; I

i .'Exr?r i i il : i i iiiz?i i i ;;: ;1 i:2,11:;i i t i ; ; .;\=a!E t==zt; i ;1!1?=i+ iz1;19 l l: i i ;;: ii i

=,

;: s ; x : = i i i E + - i { =-'i 2 s 2 i Al- : =itr =':= : z;i====E=Zi: :; *!?i l?=,zi ; i I lit?3 I i i g ; ; i 7?; aI=-:i t; :,i+ i?;t=iizA==? :2 !'n ;.? ;iie i + ? =: ;

e

==

;7;!:;+,Er::?t;ti : 1it i;ar r!;Ea ;; ; ?i'i:.' i == ar iE?=+z==;ii ?i:)i5lt. i?.=;+; i;=ai I iii :::{:;;= -.-i! r=i:€ ri;:i A: = =1.=;7t': 7=,a-;ii1 1 i 7 ! ;' t' j'= ; ?: z? l3E; ii rt- i ; I I i z ;t = = j ;i --:E " :' == ii!1;'i;=::t I ilrE ;; ;-= :l= l+ ;la, iiil-;i i tz;sr=E:;1;l;i i*i 7?+?i;q 1t;i:a:;;i;+ r ;; :i'=t3 !i-:::i? ??;?!Z -r;=i:€ +rii;;T 5l 1; ? ji liil.i:.: i:1-! 1;112'= 1-,'!t==7la:E' ? ; : \ ; 7 ; , .i ; g i 3 i r ! * * ; i 5 i ;=e + ; ; 1 1 ; ;

A;1?=_2

; rE l;: ",1ii:-=1.:1=il =-?+i *Et!?i;:i++; z!::rai i1t? :+;,:i 1-: 3;i : ;F;; ir;;:.,i=-zz!:1; ;+ a r*i=E;i ; :1ai z= r: ;7,? ^=: ?-

i

1

s

!1i=::=?itiz-!?i.;ir;;in"' r;i: ;i+i a;;;* i;: :i=:vii1:i; zi:r:1ii a +i;13i i iili: i;C tl€ : ; g 3;s; *E B i zz:';;iz i=t;4€ i: 1t:l:i.'i i*';i::-a g:;'=i-1-:-r-7;:i]t i .==:;,;7

i:; i 1i+i;iiIli:= af i;:

ii; li; i

1: +

E+Ziigi; i:3i1i: i

i i i i :ii I i3i;E i i

il?; r;liii*ri: ;iil;ite1i;

i; is I i ii ; *

lq1=

-

;i

?z=-\

;;;l:;li;l?Bt*.ij 3i:9===apl3i=*q!

z i? rilll* itlzli;=

z:iti StilEi{3;it=4r;r

i

=::^

ll= r

;

i

u

E

iT;:€ ii;ititl:i

;

.

1

:az ;7::,a*:; iii z|Zi: gti:='L1ii=! =";?= I i::3 +i; z: !

:i:t;l*=l;iiliri ii E+?:11 rsii'i -1,'Etlz,ii1ii:;:;i :giE;

t;ii: "-Q-ii

z+t+i

;iEii?i"i; i: i:

:3

=i!=r,=a :;7;

;3::; ? -:J:iI :itlii ii:; tE irj irXt i i 5 ltl;, =: s a qii+ I =)

,rt-:la, 2.=ti, ?

,-='=:='=:=_l:

I

.='-!, r;;l;. 7 i + ;;43=< A i|!i;i7rtg1; =i=\l

:,i + ? =i:?z i -;i-:-:j::::: i tE:;!

=i =

tg:lii?iiiiE?iii 1t#v +iifi +ti+ii i,;iliiiii :iiEiiiel: la:{;i1: ia i iiiiiillr;EgiEiis?;: it;1,1i iiii+;: : i?E ilc li==!iiiE iie:i+ ii ii: :'tve11;i*1:i i l x :+tz,iTlT*; i ; i l c i i ; i i i :

z,Liia

i i: I i?ei i

1:s= ; iii:

-

F

X

:

E

E

O

O

'n

'n

O

(-1 c) -

!! r!

;

e;:li iii ; il

jt:l'',: ?:7;E i=1";"ii ;il! r ;- iilgi

;

;i=

ii

i:r i

v

"-

iE

!:2

iii

I

=

Afl;i++l;

iFii;::ii;

1ni;€;i, r?,

ii ii:tl;: il*i ;1s;'; iia i! i3 i1i i:* E :; il 11ii{! ii:;: {i ili! ;i ?q:i; ;-;i;V 1i zliit: i ii i :i 1i i; :: ;: t'F i i i t,,

ii ;; =: ;ti t:i',,=; '_?!r:-E: rati :; iilliig; :?;; i:gig', :_,7 .l€et; ;ig g= g: :;Ei_ t 3; ii:: z'=ti 1i51 si';:3 +1: aE l; ?i=? iil'; i

5 !q-€"":;g;!i Z:it:??? +i ,:qi:1+ i*: =T =. =i =i ;=:; l:il,: I. I€ :; =;, i l1: Is, i= i. =i_u=.ii: n: *. i-:;: i;q; = ii" = -1::;: i -: a',-z=.=*-< = =,;..e.'i-! ii j::;:!,r:;,=i ;''.?:==li;: -?; ;r:l[;:;=;, f=, Zii:Z;1a itl, -izi :i\ :"uslj ;: S!1*li;*rli

: ::

iitxiri llgl i iii;i =;;iii :';= iii'ii1 iiiil ii: i il illii ?ii'i i eii* i l-t iii ii :1 ;1g I i1 i;1;i I Is + 3 r '

+z

:

"1

;

,:, *. P." . +. =io-*.-.-: " i. -i.. =l, +-;- i -i. : -i. i6 -- : t :fr -:;q i;r;iiiii:: l i I t i :iz,: i e: I 1 1 ii sl i: 1 i l: i i. ;iirif l:'i] = 1;i; il;;i;1;i=+i=::= :;;a z!:'=!1!i3" --"2'-; ; : : : i - i i I ; I e : i ie : i i ?5 5i; i ; 5 i i ? a ; : ; : 7z:i1a;it'i:$:;i EirEill; ; :1;: ir; iEs;" i;.Zi i =

!'

==i'u

iii:+ =

1

i

d

*

;: i;: ;

il

:i

:i:i:

i-r

i

3

a<

;':

=T

,.2_-9

baq6:

I

Jq

o

l

po-.-

t-6_

o-==i=:?:

--s

3;i3;l Faz-2!

3 > qo'l

-;

d o

?S

@-

f - J

ir".Yi I ;zEa ,-j ;!r

j

=

^t_

z1

^

o-

.

='

":5

4

L -

o

*

:

!

i

i

-3:.

*qi:f{;:;7=?

= 1n

.-

i'

!.JT K5; :7€ 3 S aii,

:r:

;: ;:5c ;:i i :il= gB si;fi *i*if : :*:

5i': ta'-=

i

i;'-1>

=

m

r

:.

k

.

E

=

F1:i: ;T fi:ri ..-i:i* il;51 I algX ;?ii*= ;r !5o:_ o;; : :, ".9 sJE i: i?rri i?9Ei ; srr* x'eu{i i: ?;;+. i al{i I : 33::: r;;C +L i:di;

;&--;--r:"

YZ

;g'ai-fi- J."Ei? ;i;:e; e 3=.:l --=.'-l:4: -€;i? :+;':: i9-t-r i3?ii:J: ::

-s->

2-i-:E

-':. 5-5O

^.l@:;

"".

" oc:iYi '^7.-, j

:_ -I q p ? 1 !.. --: I o 5 : 4l qoa -i:ir
i ;

'!Jc tr !.f;

€€4.<€€ .:: =

liii iiF;iiu;i: i'3ii+iiig; iri; i;'i'iii3iii ;:ii:"5 ti51 : : s;;eE:; u,; ? 1r:gi;-? :iiii qi i; il3; lii 3ti;iii :il ' i lii'i i i;l;i ii €i ii;l ii ; iii i !

E

'a(, H I ?? i:*Ea=Eg,1H;;.;g!r;g?l: i

i*i i i;

r=riri-:

tt

;iiiE;=i;;i'=*:*iiif''1,; :gjci1- il,ii'? i;ii;*;#ii ;i:al3;gg:itie;: i::iETiit,;iisir iliglAl; :i i:oi :iiE;;:cltU

a131

iri== i :1n) u!

sssssi!

I'; i ;:

;

;

<. ::;

-A=.2=

3

3

=.6:: ^17.\,:E

=! = Fo:

96r t=a :-: ^ "- - o

=:;:= ->:1€ Y'.^2 =.::.d-- :,J =2P=2===-e -- 3si = c u.-^ - = '< - - d ?. P -

ilo \1:li;:;:5 <-;2 +9?.ciY=.^24 a !

a:

= o -Jt.;;

;: '

3

leF

a"'a

A.::l

-:-41-o:?=: -> = - a, . -,' ^ -; - =

=-

.l -E. s'^: I€i O;Oc I3 ==i' d_.= r.: "'1o+:0a-;?i =.aj

E'

?;;!,"-:J'iz

r-m =6: +-:' 9";i71 6;;: o] o-i - I. p,' :;:agii=5<

t=;: 6 ^

E n:

*z t; = <

--j

t:=

aL ";a

-a* l;=

----\i--4odo; =-=?3= -^ia -rw-* =6f ,r . -;.-d7--= a2 ='=:'==-;=-a p2 q9.

=

- d=';5lPdo.73o-9 dt;ErsPE.:":>*=q .t ; ni i a,='-+or3 O-:

o c,-t ,; :--=c-af tr; -co?c 7;' ;-:9 ^oc =3 =4..===2=.Za;;6=.' !t>= l+= _ "_, a a"- . 7; _ H : o o E * : ; -v > o * ' o = = - -- 6 ; =-d7clh,:i.26-= j ;",:al^q?.=:7 a =c. "-a --

.! a

:

-J

fj

,-

'"1 q

Iz

o

m

m

4 'Tt

P=

<=(t JJ '! >m 1z

1a

d€

OQ 91

=o e.9 :6

ip> cnFJ :l ;o

= <-l

=-lN zi1 U)OO= -nO-l

>=!

t-r (J 11 z

;

6;

l<

O=m

-9?> r2z

=o-E s^r

3;

o=

ga9_

._T]<-

om n9.> o --1 o-l .9-!!

U

O

-)

V

UFIO.<

-ciea 3.tHr tr>lr luli

7 a

\]

iJ

o f

r

E

=

i

1L:=t=V=*+ii S't---

E

r=;ii l11i

E

='

a./. P.

:=-aJ )=== a.:?i

6'

E

o

'==

I

tl'llll

I

;5 niiTin;i7

?

l: E

e=

+++i

;11;

3i?tz?P;e;

reZ^

f ;ap3;i?3#!

'--q;?

;

-l

l

o o

z

I

o

=s..= i

:

=i€i i =7;te gqi: ;

iii:E alil:;'iti tiil ?::i;liiiiF ;:F;t "$Hi

-:1t;t+l;.?Ez=i:;;-=;il;:tii; ?ilii;iz?i ;i i'7'21: iiE f si te

i*=3 ::Eli+i.;t[?;=1i?1i!:*+?i:?1;ir*ii .::it;:a=it€ia:1?+f +i"u=,i;1E ie;i* ;i;; ';i:ili€ligli;ai:s= ia!:;lltt +ii=: tilra

;-= Zt+?= e:'€ =: 1 i ai ^ = 11t:-

=;_=i;3:+:;:t?;?:3;;:al::i;94;+!l€ ;lai: ili;1i: i 33s T:-i;i i i;=;;1=--; +;I ; ii :,2?i+i iqJi: i;;iils:ii; it'?i;i; i

;

t,liitl;;; il :ii,i1i; ,:1!ii; :; ?r'-; : ;.,=-i; I;F:!;::;:*9; i:;: ti;= s:sti{;i;ta i re;e 3 = 4 *?z=

i;

ctozoNfc

_:3

i l"'..

uo

1t....

oo

SEOIMENT.WATEN INTERFACE

=-:= =7: =.8": ;;-d;^ i ?i g: i; t6 ; E =; il: i? :

19;- ;_i3:et ==;i=21 =-:77a: -i:=i ="6-: ii6==;; o,7? =;'l' '.5;?;: i-,.-9

=_=ccc-,=::a

*_A

o =

3

;ae:4i3e1t;Eiil*i: l!;: =.?=a iTse:^,'Tr'^.;i =_,=iii7" ;-3 ? ; 2 12:z;i ii j:Z l;l;:i =? siE= 7u(=.3t-= .6:. lta;a:iii== ;:1rr= ;3;1 i _d:.n L7. tL=,,r 7i6=-= =*-,-ti:7: .i4{z:: lgya I 7,22 -'-Tr;: 1 4";'iY :9-l ii?1 ?s=:#€ -/az'= !2*2 =--",^ -.2 +]i5 =!i:.! iESa :;!-i taEi-'-'; ;'-::

-==i 5 sq a+; - :=1iirz]\=:e7?"a?il =i2Z=iE'_7

i.--:-=tua==4

3

++i I *-"t 1i -,f.;4";; l: a€?;= i ".: +?6 i:t:E =:)e;?"a=;EE;-t r^ i iz?;'? e z = =ir+'^fr ii 3as : Ce i?2:;!: tq i:5;3 -:=ii;=1=-ziZa;E; i:: q a-:,il -:i;; ::r *;Ea;i g

"= i=-!

=*gg3A=L:i;3-eB i?;s+:7:+7; ?:a a

==,

=: =1?

3;4

3

=i

;+z;;i

iiltzi1lZ,

=

; z?

=

ii

++q

+

=

ii i E i i i i* i€

i !E41

ili ; * ii rl,,,uit i? =i, i I si I i : i

d

=.

E

i ?: i i ;

lii

"?12'.'.

z?zE E i i i:ztzi i i I i € i + s : i i

I3;

7

=--,

=

i; $; i ? :'

i

E

i; I i I EE :

! a ; i : i' i i r I?i . ;i Ii"1i sss;11;;:?; ii it'? I ;:;ig :i+1?2,;:;'V;Azi,' ; ; + : ; a7vlll=i+:i?'i: n i?t:=i I 1; lt+ZiZiii 2

1,E s ; lg i

::ii ; i r;

!

--: 3 ==-i,

i,i,-,!ltiri*tii;';*lii:+aii;i+;:a!:,?E1i! +Z ?= 3: p! i;=ali ;:-'- t : ?: z iX-

.

-=:

=

331=: t--> ; = ! itTei;{; i:;27'=t:l+=:. qi>"-i-a p? i i ( = I i;; , t! S*.:! ==.="-= =??*:, ZtZeZ.iZ i, :=:;:l i ?li1l?l: i=;iza:i==,\?:icnE 'i7 i ; i7:'a ;a :2i'zt: zi : { : ? i Ef ; ;' : ; ;i1 =i eE; i! F i ! ait=eri;Zz; ii ; iii!::il ?i=1; :ia *==i+i?:;i: r=12)11+ ii= 1=.ii :z ! : E ;i* r";€ =7,=?+?!*=,Fi=;i!:t=tliElr;1 i 4 i4i ?=?::l iz:;1Ii;lja:ir=i=ii:7tz? iii :: ''' =; ' r =' 3: i;;; =71? i: "'lt1==: =:" 11+,i;zE i I ii i;Er7at7?i1!Z1Al+;ia i: r -.i+"_2i -.:'='. i; i;3 r f+;-:: f: : :i Xi i ::1; -i 1 ; i 1 ?!t-i1rg li ;zi =*t lvo-'-Z'-' )2"="=:Za2f;'Z ;ii ;F: =z:='.2; ,.=i:=2 tltzj=t+2.-:-Ee1ll: :L*,.1'?,L azi :ii l::;a- 2itgr,:*rj;i;fri;=91i :;= =.c-=.= n

2

; rr

a 6

.--=

c t ! I

=

".-

=,tr

:i

_d

1E

i2iqi fT;;i is"13aiir g;?';:l::a?ai5i;

o-

I5 : i??7I -, - +qq ) ;71:: r5l =='= 1i ; ; E: i 3 i i;E a a: 3 I = -lr u^ -a c : :1 (. aa; ;: L : o -' = = - = i' ;:"sra;!;zJo 4=\:;5:5r =;i;TriEtE:i'-

:-qJ,:v'

::

=1.r;

i;;= iV4-=?=-21=: rd+di a=B;: iip; : rr:a:|li{r-:+z*1?t: lp; ji;i ; 1i 9 a i i't:;V=V =:-z +g i+ := -i;a* -1'zz? ::ga t== t€i t; = '.i: + !: t:?7i i t'+ii3 i;r -lt::e;=: =?;te;_3i!= t Z= :lr=1:: ii':?: +' s+:=i;tv?: ii;: * i ;;; 11a -6 : e a1l = -' = = = ec =:1:E ;j7 -': = +n x 3 L lr =:; 14 yE; rtZ =;i., i.. .: ; : t: _="; llJ;: ; za=i;i:t! . t; e:7''.rtr.=;?=:. >7-n.1?7\;f j e

;7= i -, +; A :,=3 >= a+lE tE l7 iit i2 4Ea;,;; .: - -i;; .: t = j Z i:i== ! + : == .= =i, : __; : :l i=Z;ia; "\i r-:a : r;:. 1; c: -.! = z--b. =: gi =;'=--:a4tz=-,-'=-^u *;Y: lbF.i';6;lBl l= =;::'+?,Li -; li .1 2 9 _i e _.8'F *= = = = 1: ".,i 6 E i :

:-==a='-=qq^ : =. 7 a; .,-= ; 1;i ,=.t:

Figure

E

Ba

:!

F.

r

;d =: n= f e

aa

5=

m

r

_

-t

l n

o

o

z

I

c q

^1", l9

H

Z

Ill 6a r i }' :{Sl 5! s6 sQ: I E3 a; s9i ll

ll| *; !6

I

I 5il :xll | 'to:-

a

l-98 l] ;q

l6t o.;

:: \<

^

x.:

!!

!'sil:;i

lli?; l3:;

ll;gp l9 trii

il

ail nts 1i - sxs ss {i :

tr'rNh oo \\' &3 :] 5€ nti ^€ F!

part of Communities of the Earlv Mississippirn Borden delta Characteristic communitjes are shown from each physioFaphic the deLia (from Ausich ct al , 19?9)

(kom Ausich Kammer & Lane, 1979)

Fossil Communities of the Borden Delta Early Mississippian: lndiana & Kentucky

o = c

6:.

*o i# - .] -viY-f * ; ":5"--?3 3

o;1;i',^

aEr

3.-

-9

@6olaq

:9i:

l

=-

a

q

; de

9.'a

>!?oo

-3-.:o-:ot.o:. .=-r3h1=ai-Yi-'-

ts

.i-1

o

q

a

b

:l

9

|

o

r-,.

r,r

-.t

o

lo oo

tr('

fo

-

;lo

F ::fP

i,' 'l

3ll-:'

-i

a;i+s;e af 4?=3e- aj nE

ii*1.=;

7tt?t':: I: tli;Ei ==lriJ i3?s2f ; .=

:;n

i+i

s*€

E=q

!-

l=t=ra slli:i st;ilii -li:", qo*=8_cj i=3i -1:;gi:;:r i:ie h*ti 1;r1-'!+r37 ;=z+ l*:r ";-r?

:--.t "2l=_i; igs;-E++ li9=7.iI

lliS: iZ==?7;

llx,:=i ll ::e

o

3o o

z

333

!ii

-N(n5 ooooo

S

U

=

I

<

o

I

ll 9E

I

I 6; =-

Cr"

9i

at I :;=

ll :4

ll

lt

l5

ll

lr-

lt

9.

o

_n

*6'd -F; 5(, -q

oro;

@;

PP8 *2a

I

I

3 9.; o^d

ll",

l<

lvl

ll

-T

c

<-

!

o

3

-l

rr

o

7

.)

m

-j

h

E

; 91 i

| =E 3Z b ll -i II l+ !..' a

s

3

Number of Taxa in lntermediate and High Tiers

ii9-

6-

.Tt

o

o.

ol 9=

oi

G5 >

€E

lll;i;;+e;:;li 'll;? ii=q:5; :::EFl 3;:r-

;

;55; .Aa:

==i2 ;.,i1i

i17=

o

-.]

r €o qo

-o

o)o

qN)

z 3o

o

'NCD5 ooooo

Number of Taxa in lnterrnediate and High Tiers

iii!i;=E:;i i:jl

Er=: E =< t s+

; .il=E= i

;3:j -a=u

3=7{

i;=;i

t'"'= q!=:.

rrr:

o

=*.-5si-3-';5= ill o-4 3=.6=;Yi9 '' sl &;3; qllisr = ::+:tE:?*E i 3i;; -' " llil? f,i?1,S :: 3 :"a+g

? - - o : - : -{ L
; e:;

-:

;:Ps a::!

:: +=.!

i Y-= ' : :Z=-ZElt'sa

cl'-;f ;Y.' l^

=. :'-

^

a u

,,+-"i*€ti,i I ;;

.< E !: ',-.?=

l:ii=3.7

--:. a:qe:?o aXPSE;,i:-a=

- ^'r_= 7\oo

9:-&;;F3e:

--/

r_

,'ir ;r:.= 22

:

;;l:=i-t^=a .- -;_,- l"-5_;=

,

>2 g:: .

=

;:-E

sa:; 1- L

?|; ?e'*-

i:+:-:-=zj=3 :qE::;qi;j 3 ;= 3 a f - I 3 i =d"!r9..:I=9

n - s ,

r;I =: -'i:;i

;-i{e;2"=i:: o:"Cl-.:a-;'-

j!:E.-'-9'aT=

\

3

F! A- t

8 1 =

$

A a

;:

YO ;

Fri

_'5.* oB d

5.

9ss

E>= :-o Fi

=. 93'' E di

a1

9;;A

@ Y;

r-=

< g.

ii

=

,:1

3o-

:.,

;a

a

_'--l

3

-!

;N

,I

oo

1.'.

OO

Total Genera in

ot Taxa In -1 2 and -i

s.Bts -;=

,

tr€

rll

-l

. -rl\ 9t rl

-.

'.F; 9g,e +5d -,

r

5i-fr oiN

rl< ^il sql i4

!

=5 .-.:'

a: ?,i i i.: lE Fi

'3

U

P6

,6@

Lax6

f

;fis 0 E :'

E'os

;;g

545

TD itr Number 6B d'c z

zz II

E-p

ct It

=; 6+42

9- lEie -f d3* "i3='' '^d I l+o< 5 l,*: O c-='"-o= -J 5;; 5 :q=3 , 'oj-94 z i

:-

o

Edi9il'=9

o1ts Y a; - 9 ?D

s.

9ds5;EEE -= : ;o Y ^ l!T;1; 9 5ga

-'

s!sit*'1+ ' :.h9:1;1s
EE'8. E5lrs€cx E:: n5?g'==i; lgt E*:

.6 5 d d i C6 ^Fgg oo^o-d

*ql a;e€;-+ ;-=;;i!,f5E -i3=:=nrL

A o>o -r.are_ok;Oa6o 5 c :: { o_ o!a>-:tL'6'

: qi ! i da ?

6 d =i ^ -; .e.d9.3ia-d =69XEs3.

* ;i:l o3 ."{f; 6 o-o

o.E

9d'

-*o (!

) 88ry

ol oJ ilo
3FF

:o= =x'q

-!

J

3

o)

!r

E

m

-$o

;-t

iN 9o

-i

o*.@@a;

OO

d;

cm Tiers

f-o

-z

ro Jlt \:D

8e .tP

F@

qg'

ofo

9dE

=(,I d10

tr

L

or6

9-n

b'9ff

6A do f6

Total Genera in -12 and -100 Tiers

Number ol Taxa in -12 and

o I

z 3o o

o

o

o

3Rq ;q

9=

2 and -100 Tiers

cm Tiers

-1

o

-l

n 2

m

s

o z

l

IJ

i

o -l

(I)

I

z

c 6 I

1;P?l--2L

isZi

?1:-

?

l

=

9l :1

9

_-=6:::'=;a-:.-d6-=o=-:--.Zr3 FLL?-=l in

-3tfte

o" !r+:

2=rEE:Ei3F{i€ 3+i3 t-;+'

i

q5

50

E!o

a2

d5

>E

E's

:o;

":.j

gi

===

13iq_:i ::4"43 "

tl

NIIMBFR OF FAM L IFS

Numb€i ol Fam,

_t

t

T

-L

-T_

.s llron Sepkosk l9arl

N€qnl Above o/ Beow 1lr€ S.dme.t \,VaLer .r€ria.e ln.mltrrom Aus.rr it BolLrer 19321

Ii::: :

ijq;- 3eEi?=o ;;:-J:Ei:;3ai .==€r ='= *=Z;Z+:iz"i:'== i.i'a: i1 el liq{ zE1::3;:i)-L== +-12 i; ,_7; i?2=4 z1== alii I1:;t :,;:=: ,i== J3:e3i=:

i::g

zsl| =e2; l:=:

! li:

i ;:+i ii

;i;*aEd;:;:lei=+,.? +6+3-<

=

:; ; e a; e=: a ; A i=6. = a T1" # f ; :E i T TiE ?: ! : ;;e l:! t; + ,! I = 3 E ;il g:3f t ai;-13:=;= c3 s iT ?J"= € 3i1-=: =l;;;7:ii535 =-=a*iisiziT E=::+ riz a6:e cg.;__l=8i F== 31? 1_+,=7il:s ;i;?i sif: llr 5:1-aE;;2.? =,o r zr .=L ei ;o i-7'??€5r3:-";:E tE ; ; r'*'o6:9.aq: <9-3=7E=. 13eD

!1; iit;:;;;E;?::.;3:;.?:=:! lr :3; q,'; -=:; +!t r ii I -ai: ":.

3:J

-l

92

:a

I

o

z

2 o

l)

m

_l

l -l

o o

z

I

9)

='

A o o

d'

m

ooo oo

(o

I @

Diversity ot Families

F

b

-

5

a

'.l:

*s

rd fl; :=

a 5c

d

j:-.r-

o

3i:z :tE: :fi:E =ed? i o 6

ti't =f ;i

=.ap ;--.-

l=f :=id'.; Ti"_.eT+Ji ;g,1:?s56p= j"e::l3Ed*x ii +gPi."€;

*a2" =.j =. =go"r >:+pH9a-€i= a6:"a -=:9.P

:iEqrJ=;= i:$+;a;i 5a'-3=Si-Ee z-.6AXiig6 r i h J ; fl -= ij d g

o.:j<x-3i

:Tsf s=;f $g"iTi33;: #l; 3g;i1::;-:"*nae

ii;ti3;lA+;;i;=r:a

=

:Ffi€Ea;s€grsF;r5;t

17 a i p *-F 16 e a 3 a -

;i3o-H;g'
ii Qero;:;itn5i:5-as3i

1=::.=

;?EE;;:;:F;+#'::41; -?f; cl t: i;:€E 1;3! a.5

=._r_r.;:-i;Ep;I=.F;I3. =-:l=5i

_

fl

f

1

9.

B

11 g'

< a 9 = -T;

f

I

-.1

o

@

U

z

T

c I

aB; FE; - L )

ie

T;

r5

ad

?i q3

.-,8

3t )a

r

tE

=nE=ieq?f;::*ise;3 i?..3!s=iEr:i=es3d?

S. !? 3

E

6

EEA 6a

3e

?5!

a'* 5;5

.5.;_

! f

6_

g€

e.

3 -. f'd!

;99

1€;1i*3E==e;T;iE[fi+ aA =

-+:Eil!€

e =;6i3F;-:s> i =-z;z:Ai.59t;;;I;3eq

qJE .*o

Ea o

2r:

Pi

=;

F e =-.= = E

g

i i I ; = I ; ?;11iia 3; i

r ere: ;

?

i ;€ :

l:41:1E iiEiir

1rii1+gs

iii:li 7z7i1ii4

sii;ia+riiiEiiiil;ia

=

i:.

o;

1' -:

::i .-; !.-

i:; a=

-= t =.a =, c ;.

=7 ==-

6ir 6i.

>;

c n

" 6

ts

a \

9.

/

2

!

a F d s

?

F:

eoq

Ji."; - i3-;a:: _t= =

F

='i.t'; =r;f n. = o"-9?*:.q F:-i-'-94 '0a.1

= ?3#;E *E

z i ioo

lr:

ia-i=ii;s?3 E;!

:*

i,

I,

;

"^: .3

|I -=

ll'*=

' l{i la ) . I

I

t-.

?s" ;o:

qi:_c s--5 . ; _. ;

;ie:i;._;!Bi

.)3

.ti= :-oo:

z-EZ

i:i 712;ii=;,;Ti ;-'-7 !;:11*j =:*

g-1,-^-=:o: - =9=

r

=; o-;=, p =l

r--! 1-z .':.

l\=

i. :i : =39. z-' : : c_

-

i = o c-o( :.:ia t> =

:

r.l:t! lllal l:ri +!gF-=:;ji; iiil: 7t==ii:-i-g i il-e;i : rE 53.3 r: --;;-i1 t;-=: ! ^;a l:do a;;rt_j_ ^):! 1 ii :31 i;; ?i'-7:;=.:;?: I l: ;!?=;lls'-;i

I

',;7:

Ii

i

I

,

= -. -t

{ii;

?

:tzE=t;;;i I i; !E r= iiEF i i; ii iEi a*Ezii [i .:+??i *;?; i+:t:s: z=:iiai;;i;+; :ti ctt:

t?tzi;';iiE

?e1+nliiie:

?gg ; ;==rza:'

:

a o

z

D

c

)

!

''

A

1i;g;g;il ii; ; ;isii;ilElgi+E ii li+ = ;;F E; i; i i+3 ;;1 ?ii':.' li ; I i=zii*z* llai;a il ; rla:i;;iici 1e'3lei:iqE ?i; iF i1j" qir': i +: ;

17i==g;

;iii;i

r 5=* Fau

i, i r i*=cu i-.

E

*:53EEqf ;Jd E;gFi9

'

3

=3.

;5 !etl 2-F p. q€' ;:f't !=ZE ?i ;a tr 4 :s { ii: +fs I sI *ga ;i1 zrti i* S; 6 + + ii:

iil; 'il E'=i isi'i ii€i ilgiiii iE'; gii ii; ;li i ii i g i ;:;:a t ;ii ii:iuir 5r 5 f ;i ! E?;

t-i!p i;"":;. .9 i $;f f4*;i;Tg?t{:;gii;liJ;A;r:r t: ;rii r E;' c iie - i?"i;;* a=*9 : E::":d-I3€ is*"" t; gser: 5r ro , T: F : " -?ls:Fi:::= l.7, i-+:.i "E ; ii= ;qsii is;!; ;;l*5Ja gl;iui Ii i=A€] ?iiJg i-::; giriii€ i+ii E!l F ii

qE

; s ;i: ; r i i i; : i : :i; i l ; i : ; ? t t 5F i li = :r F3g:i153r3i:;ai:;:$=:=;i3 :;.r g

s'Fr=:' lg

;5 :F I I i =t: i :'i=ig:E;

:: rl

z

:'u

a

aiiXig

E:iilsi iieiiE

is t+i:i 4*;ci :ii3i:i

'-:a=Fiz',-!fL-o,o:;;;a;;ro.@@F 7 +'--:=1f is ie ii A+:zZstsi;a

liii-ii?iii ;z:i i:rii:

3

:13+E; ;

iilliiIi3i;;+;3ii;iiiiEE!iniiil

ii iii;i'iilii

iE

tllrs ulEFg Ei;il€'

' il'i;i1;;ili;i i3i;i

,r?-uir-rr'?=ii'iE 4;Aia 1;;:i:€1:i ; -?;!;;ii;i;iii;=;li;i=gigiiE:iill!ii

?d+ii

t-

z

.Yt

o

L

20 -{ 'TI

fiB

is

>s)

2= .nO

mi

iF

;'

=

-!

T

=<

<

-

rv

z

o

-t

I'fl

,

m

a=

zlJ ='71 On

-;m

;r

o9

m_ fl<

2 >o CZ Zm >o rc :F 2fr oc a1

@

o

o j

iii;i;iii;ii;ii I'

iiii;tei ;i;giii;=

u

i;3 i:

+

:

=;

::

E

il: i ;cri"zi; 1? iil tlie=re;r;liitSz ?=-=;;; i;= e=;-' +E ii39i

€;;eEi;iE11;i,: iii=;iirsi; i r :5r i:r F;; i??.i:gs.?i;a1+Ag

?a,11:i;t:

il :a+,+;

!'i I 3 1i: i'3Z

2

il iiiitEi1i,

=; ;a;!ii-1=+i;

;

=';J{igEcl;: : i?":!4; :Zi*

: i *;

E: t3:ii33=

o

X: ;

i=

lii iE; iii: i:

u

ii1?1;;iii il1leiEE ;l t:ir;Ei ii;igiti il :

?

;t ;i::qi;i'i i lE i +;i',? i

i,-,r;l:i=tiii:;1 =z:i=; iii : A =:??;ii=qi=iai++A-=i : i=:t e i ,".+;;iF:;zilrf F:i:71?:;

i'

I g :+_aa:g:: != +l $;.ii; i-ii;

rz+i+ttiZiiiiiE

viil==?q:-i=;: F =i2i:i=7Et: EJ =. _-=t=r:]'ei iisrdi,i3,*?!EE**? 6 a :gil?* =r==+2;22;4:4:i?;i;f =-=! ti: ;:;7-i1l:* z=1+:c;;: ! : =

z:i?;

:i!,i ; i izlE:i i;iEEiiEi itii+z?+;i liii i i :i1c* i;tile;i i;iiixii: il;':*i,ii;ii i

iFliilgii,

; i i t::t= if i ii i i sE ; i i i i I i i i; i7!7ii i:+5: ;lilii?ilt5 ?;ii1= i i: i:;i;c; ? + i ?t;z? i ;qi =+|11i ,+iaiaE; iii€#

a

r

3

de'x-

F+e-?i

'.2';

;: : 4=.=

=d

Fi'-6 ? : -'e iLJi

i;

:

ta:ii

;;i;SaE ;C;€=:i;rt.=, iv+2i1;ii t{g:3:i;; =?z;;;e3E litz+c1; riss;iq ;i*;licie

;

a d

B

:ivi++5€g: 9":3-3"3;9e

Tiii Sgii: ;?iZii r i: q:i: 3?i-i: i

:,zt:ii:i::ii {iii isez'

:5igillirisita-F=;it1;i "' ';d:r g"?llS"TlBlf

q;g

;;:;E:i iii:iltii

;;i;[;; l="!+&:l

,.itia: lii:;ti5::;i3ift;"iE i

+=gl

i11;2a: i1i ; Ec z e'1:;r;liE ;; ==

t:+iiia'Eii:i:1E ii;eig;;l

-='- ?

'= :!=:E?+=

ts;ga: r;;q€-l!5a3;?ia

j : ; i --3

e

E;

=i=

AZ

;:iii El i;;t=+;l i i? l liiii lii;i Z i? ; ; li 13:i 1=;=i=ii;;i;3 i iii: i ll"r:;; Tii: ; s; i ii;lAi! ;

ti

'. :. ==

iieitqat:;= il?i 7=. ?:7*2:+e?+ila+ i;li;=-?.:zZZl],i7 =€ ?i fi:tir=1 iZZ='=i:7 :; i? :? ;i:i+2ti isiis=+ q-=--;;: -Z t: ";*-6:-='4, :=gr-* -=i rctl:: I ae li: r : s*"'=1?-? F=:Asr ;:s1=\!14*-;i:t

Ti;iztlzz*?alia

tis?aElii-€:; 3bi;-;r!, iE;-=:ifii:Eu7rV

1:;::eaZzi+i

;a!ij" LiZi; iESET[ZE_V=;= V=i

i'^*-? 7=ai'"i7i:i+1i-=-=1

:l:+4

!;E;' Tiiiv.u?u;i=+Eifi 31:sE"a=9====;i?;ei =ra-.

: - =i

'=

o

N)

m

:::

-1

-

P -:

iZ

-6 d;

^=:f -. -; i

t

oJ

ir:E < o

:

q 9: ! =-''==

LJ

6

;

:ri -

Yc

tr->+ ila ..? -

o

g

'"

fr

O(Jl

g\ s. : od

E,a9

"'

s1A !

,.:;

-:9

=*

-.

m

e-^

-:;

^.:c 7 7" a'? : J c 5 -< :E6;:H'ol

_

O

<JTS <

i fE

a# ;3-+g U; L E.| 3 i6

! .a-/\a2!-" a:+ -.rJ

il-t')-u;

EP";915n

; uJ: a -o3

$

@ O(,l

r!$

DIVERSITY (rJ

o

@

(,

DIVERSITY (t +t)

;!+12i

iglili:

j+: r;e i; I,ieiE1'cEf

i

:

ia

:Zi+

;

i

i: :i

i;tz=;

r

t+?= i;if ;;l;;?ljrl?:' a21:zi?r= iuarrr ' iii i iiiaiti a: i:;,t1\i;;Eriiic: 7il+i

i=7i?11-

t i i e: : ;=;ziEl*z=?17a

a

s

i1\! i i tiiE =,t=?; ilz;=,1!ziSE liii;liirilEr+:+;:= ii+ E liiiii .z:'=i'ill;El;; 11i;+= ; +e;19;: 1i=t: 7 +t'iz:+ z ils;ri i; ?,:ii 1ei111ai ii;; =:;?1ii:;; =lci +;i? : ,tja;:5€ t:ilii; i;i;: |i,;!1i i! t=;; E:-i+1ii ' t;ziiiiiti t;?i: lrFiEsi?i;:;Eigi+: i q=

: ??

iiii:ii ;ii1ffiiliii3l:i;i ';*iii

liz' ii;i:'iiFiiilii iiiEiiii iEiFii;

iei;ii; ti:iigil'lliiill

u'ii;;Ei

F

i

1

!tils

l

:ja!=o

l:| tt::t!iZ=,ii i i ;;5: tl

=7li:i.:;61;2i31

t-

e

Z

i

' ,!' !

y=?Z

;t iEii;it:;itjiit11zir?i! i t;:E

-;?-.1;;?;;ii;a:ii;V1l€r ===li=iigig-81; ir'=?i:-g: " €ri7= - = ; .i;+ " rif; i':128: * ;E: 1 i =izial= Zl;i= riii;/;2,;! +2 :iE; { , I i;-: 1 ;-t?ai i;: ?".11i2=ii: ai i;z =- ; iT I

=:a--t =:?i:a_i==+1=i,.

:.'=. ! =2 i=== ===-.+:v;iz:?E;+ir=;i=ii:

tf

+

U

I

l!

171i

3 iii$

lie;i; =+;a,,tl?i i i:i i

7-,=z;iilg lai+ lSngEi a ietF E;g

; = 'i

i

-:o

cZz cro

l-

oo

3>

Go

o<

5r

5

qo

;ii:

ii;i;;1: \z'=!!?"ili :r:lz! :;:;|i7t E 13ii;!ii: = =;: - ;E?i5i:r; i=?i,=:i- 7=;Z[i=i: z=-=):Z ?ji=,=r;.i

i

H

q -€:st=tii ? E;_=i:=':iioi;l+1o4?_ZizE?==i A i'='=:]i':+* : l::;J;;;Li;r;riiZl_;;S=i5p : aiZi+ii:! ; iia:;: e;:i+i: : ;i ilf:E i\V'=i 3 ; ,i= 1t:11!; I :!ii; i:1+1. li1il iiSSil::: t l=a;;;:a ; :;i;tzZ:+: =1€ir'r;i=i=?;' a = 'i72=+7-tz* t4z+ii33==:iv'ii;:3:i5 i+ a -s q 1.;: ; a: Z iE=l?iai? "=E=:+::E i;e ii i *" - ?7i!F; li : ; jiE=?gi=t Ii EzTZi:.:z=: ;^717' " . =a!

@:.

II

itil l;r;i;g#r;

..""t* c,ts'

--t"""

s\'

.

.trS

"-r-"* "-.-"*

.-"'"-"

AFfEF

THE MARINE FOSSIL RECORD

l+ii

J

JOHN SEPKASKI, JR, 1980

10 FAt{tuES

{i: iiEi +i'iee*it

==a1

N

j o z

-

n q

o

t

o g a gl

z o z

n

;4;i:;i=;iiis;i:;;5r;iil:Fiilis : i i i iiii+i;;iEifiiiii::;aitliii;?1; si i;: 1=r'.i;1+r[=;=t-i75 r : rii-=.-; t F F ; I ; :ET1it1!cii:iE; 1;I lii i;?zl:i: E ;a1:; il i i til ?i;;iiiie igi : iA i * ; i i i i; i ii; iiE ii$l€E ti ii3 i +iii;g1: ' i! :i1i ;=iil,1:! i: ;?t; : ; ; ; il i *b1: 5E;5?isiri ii;5€ =1*i

FAUNA

FAUNA

i: -i -.;N :1o," "oEo ia-L J= = "

FAUNA III

:::

a

^

_ !.

-

: - x e< @:.

-a-"F:,

=r=

(-:!=

J

,7ia

;p I ) a- =?0: a fi --o

od ts 3o -! ' ^ u J !1@ u_q d'

-!-:n

I A q+6: -t '(!

=

!

gl F;

F c< O=

-nJg

.E h:

.-t

o -.3 ';=-=

i:;

b^'

:e

:*

;-

=4 g:

:e

3 .

=

;

t:L

=

-:i

X 3 v 3

:3

4 =

-:

Z

1

=

:- - -

=

t E1;=: 2eZ -.: €!i_E .-i=-i ;+j;io -; -s =z'= F_

34?

3

;

:r;:

2::-=

=1-*t ;:==

4;d99d;;P;i

= oi=o-L=o===:^E;0!j

^.,!

:Ee-dAji*?=* a a i o ?'-

:

_

7

=

7i??

:i.;T n- -?:

:i;: ii+:l1t:Ee;a€ gEg* ;Eatliz?",i=-'i

;.-cd4='s3+:*;:

o*ia*1*€lr;ll

. -=: =@lc,-eo1=-E !=b=oa-;o-=;--pi.:.t

=

7;i: lU'.= 7r:"2 ::;i 7=i?; aTJ;3 A i

'==2 3gE9:"3jY j -=^=y;!.3;--;; i + ;:6-+2. 13_+6:" _ = 1= : ; : ; - P - i + 2 ?. ; . ""- i ii,E ^

-i

';<. =--22="-dTeZ^44 z:3 =o-= a9-sS :

= =:a,f

?=

;eiEi 1? z -\ -=

a=:7?+:la==F: : 5 - E . 7 .: -3

:3; cq8 o;;6=

aa L =6 a.oE=1 oo=="j"-7 3

r-

-..":; zazo--d;=i;r = -==-==-.-

-r; c = ^ ). ? 7 !, =. (.'r::;;;i@,t-= d-i:F-q:^ 7-r-_= o_3:.n L-:_i+; c : { i o- - ;i € ? o I c ::.

-::

zi==Vzzz+1;!: :Ei:; . i. + 3 5 -- < 4 2 ; 1ii-:-;

= 7

==='ji-?f

o

!

3

N

co

< o rn

__r

:;a4p^3a3s tl== 1iE ai €g?5,4?i=E :1 i1;Fi-;5:;:d r: '=3=7'ignji€ ic d: igi:.4*tg='€ :g e5g; .iir:;;:i;' -=:aal;leiE i5 Fu

:E

:= 1:"1=--7=2.?,e i1 '-=VZl=cs-!?l

;P

;b

iiE A=

.--

= -= d5:1.

5;i=;gi:ai ;3 1tsR
Sc-"oDii

= = = - 3') ^^ooloH;
;;af?tliz? Eiq :t A;11;:1Sr* =i5 E1

c9;l1"-r:'=pA

ri:-5o--e6.qo

--.o*Poi-'-

t:i';;;-=3+E ? !+:.<..tr':=:aZ

-

si-EBa=.ali F ;;i

F <

4

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o o

tr

c

o o

H

DIVERSITY

o o

z

o o

z

:o

!

I

U

3

! I

z z o o

n

z o

-

= -

I

lrl

o o o o

o o

5

=

--.r

+3 n

.- 7 d ,:r q, I i='=?1"

1

ii

=: E::1i=i:r9, =-7;=i

-.1is_:-=i== =;-= 1_i;:i ^i 2i:+;r7'r==3 i s 7;i,,6s 2!."=7* a.' t :F g:"?Yi

qIz:ii; i=:ii;,iEE?? ::+1 ;E'e;: : : i i; ; E i: x s a + ig-=:;r 37ii7=7 u;= r':''t-t;az 2-*-

Z+=n=;=r?'=-z ;;?i1=? ie _?: I _ *: ii i e-p = d =_e.f

:i

==;

E

?+;=g;:;:;:;

lli ;

;

rzat;:i$ ciii;iiiiiii,i* :ialiiiii:ti ':: i+- \i:i,ii1;;H;t li ,z i:ili?eiig;:qi;i?ri* Eii:tiieiriEi rii ir ?4,i1t+eli;at;'ie;iti ajsiT:='is:riI?i:';:l ij :;;!;i?::; 11€;

:

F

1;;?:1;55a3 :35i;is e'"- ? i? T3 gai 3 :E ---= : = = 3')r=t;;;g;: :g.i;:*;. " i2?2"5'":?sq '-7Ei1=2 8:t:=-;l1iEe.:;+=tle

=€ 1;rl;-S=;?", .;a;?t;;

a 4?ti= l3'; ;;;:'E;i: : ai:; r;;i+itliii;:5 it:;i1: i:E i;i.v:;iigili; ;iiiEii;:;;i;3 =::z v;: i+. i: Iizi3iail:i; ;i; stE ii,-::ci=,;! ':. :a

3

;t?)tJi7,4 . i i;s4E; r-o,r3-=: lrsiat3; =Ti =n j : q; s.,- 3==-1 I ;E:s \aZ =.5

?i?z !:.F:E z L:L : : -

t. . 21:/2ri:liiii 5t5;5 ;r; i 1: :i:tiiiirii

:;

?:.

io

2'c z

1.7

i9.

:-g

aii

^. 6'

N

DIVERSITY

=a

=:

= 7=v'-

:

@

L=:'a

::,,

"

i7Z

;\ + i"-=

1i;

;;i

3e I ! tla -

e:I3;

d,i: J i =

3n

-o h d !a) t.=J 6

+ _ :

:-l c-

=

a_Je^

=

o!+o;='oi=aia=

_

-:

)

";l=;"4:ile;r 3 3li"; 6 --3 E: ?* ...2c-= +E; I aaI .<- ;.:q --'/ !. *qi a o

==3*e9EiZ*r.3 +-;-i936.ri.a?

=a+=criaiiS '" ; 5 F * o '

:5[€1Ep3=;37 : o-1@ .;i,"^ - i o

=

+

=k dq-=triC; =,'=:

., !.-,.9 ?;'(:

=Z= '- - =

c
;.'--! =.; - d6-+4-=r -; = = Y &: - = 5 = i ;- 6 <==-,:t=;:-E:

+=+"==;3=7=j -: 3 q i r j s<

-.

E3

1: ;i

:': ;=

r;1.

| 5o l:.. a ; =

':r;=ii:g;ei*' :il ?ii

=

.

-l==;:€b:d3T : I E- c'c- a Ia:'_1i s::cade i " d ,. 1.==6*Z:-!] =;'i>' 3lsi " se;

'

iili; ;,ttL

= r1;ir

Ei1?i

m

-J

o

(n

o

o

o

o

o

H

cz

D

-rl

o

o

DIVERSITY lo

?ti;rse is!;;1iiig tEi: iEt

gltEZ,t

.a ,-- ':; :-? ,--- =-' -= 6= -! ?,"- 5a-a*

a :

1

ia;i; Fe Ee;:'liiti

;'1:Ae;iE'g+;:iiliiixei'i

==; += zi=nl=7c=:a==-=;i,'E ;Fit+ ===+zZ:

: i;'liinI??E31:;;l:alllli;;ii; '5iliEiizit*li;?;1" . tiiii r; : F t li'= ;=iia -:

I

F1

c z

-.1

o

c!

o

lt

B)

I

U

o-5 Fr c 'e J

c a

s

o o

z

t

n

: =

m

i

R

C

zi

z

o

--l ; Oo

n4 a= -nu

msr

o5

o TN

z z-r6

-o rrl

z o m

6 i.<30 -: e - ;' o o!-

-o.o

r.!r6:-€i ii d pr

czts H

d;

@

: -+ o < '.

-:io < =o .,

qcJqPiri!_

o rf

A _; Se-6i='Ei

:

\o€

rF-J -

< a "- a,x o d :a:

-?
En

A FEE 3 N rG 5 ":1 9 l= f 5 7 +o ^^ -'+ F oo - 'v 5 E:o-49.9.

^ -.c t t a o'a 9€ rii p o +o:3 ! o 6* ! o

Eer2gA9

iii;i1l

*=l;i;ai?

+;i a ; uu= *

i

i=i

:;tz;

zt7;Z

i:;1;

=

;i==:; a-:==

E-9

q

=

a

ir: ;; I

i +; i:

q

=ii=;c

i* i ; iitii; is 7, Ie:?=i ?E1 *s ; : ? 11i

+z+A!7

=

5

;

gi

1i

=iii

E

=

:i;il;a i ; ii ; itt;a*i -= iiiz 1i;Ei;s;i2=L:;Tte=iz-'1'tz= = +;?= = *F; i i izt:e'i::: r 1i 1i Z 1i l l; =..2i = =i1aa ;zi 1: +{*ii+; ii: iilt+iiit i 1ti Z 9?:+.;1?7: =;i:,2 +f =,c gl;'ig;; ='==ti F €: r rle l ;-C;{ l.rl i :;6 +is z== z::? e::11; irTi =i'==i = ;Ei:r1-98 ;:"==2 r1:-1EEF+i =' eilf,isiEi;;?;;; ;;:iEsili iiii =',i?;= g1iuz;i:i;iiI! *tqgiE:ii ;iti : l;;=i s;gnsj:ssdg:1i:3i;:il;r=q ii13;

:lliii i+1i;ii i:iis lii! iif +a is€i5 ?ti ;3aliif E-Vt;:i;;4in;i; 1iai; g?i =i:+i: ':=it; ;;iie;? #+i:I?iil;it: ciEi; ;*i

;:a:iii'

Zlii=Eii: tsFi;

i'i; : ?:l +1ii:::t ii;;qi I ar-li ;'i:i;ii+llriiiEa;ili;i:*;;si;i;liu ?tiliiii;i::i;iAiii iiii;;E=liiii+i i iiaE ;;ii;liieitriiuiiri1;?q;iii;;=iilii F +ai

Ii:i;r;;iI;3==! i :;T:r+i1t;lisiEi.lgi ? s:ri : : i.;+ i

\

. d<

J!

S=

^ @ r dY

-

-

i: 71

(,

z

C

.TI

REVERSE

t a

E

:

:

PERTURBATIONS

o

!

-

i

9.9,9-( oooo

z

-l

a)

-l 7

Trl

+

OBSERVED MASS EXTINCTIONS

=B

o=

E

tli

2

DIVERSITY i$ Oc!o)(oN

cz

z 6)

o --l

lt

;9

.,1

=H

-1

I

rrl

--l

z

(,lJ

F 6

l;.

i

" z?Ee

EOUAL PERTURBATIONS

TIME

019385776

o

aa?.Q2

^c2,zq

NO PERTURBATIONS

Yo

>;

5 a-

: c;: o

;.6

Q3ii;"r

OIVERSITY

I

a

o:

i

L;=-9941

rr.i'o--a.i A! - -:'E:

: ! *;

'-2--r1;aV : zag .-=i.

igLs.6;:t=: ! ao:'iiH = -@ o i:3 =;

i.1 ::r5o -

..'.-+j':;'i-f

L i -*1; =i6F-=:l-r

'' = a t- :

'.i^ii.d_FL;

p i:d-:,; 6a= -la:

i:ooo e:1=Frl ? r:

j* o > t

*diY;99:.^=5

Eb aI i i--:

D VERSITY

!-

TIME

REVERSE FAUNA

TIME

,L

N

-l a

z

il

C

-l

z 6)

rrl

z

lo

!

I

o

-

)a

T

_C

o

z o z

>an

;z cu

@2

>=

NO P PERTURBATION

9.

oo;N ocro('o

o

l

_9.

0t9385776

=3

--l

<.n

--l

DIVERSlTY

orooo ooooo

i;

lliti

:' 1 I 3 i e 1 ? ;

II

Z::1'+?i

;

; ii i t;

=

irir;i

.

d

=

ti;+i=i;zxt ii: l:+;?211,: c;i* =*212=;i'ii; zzi?; i':; ; c::=:= +; I s i lE ag; 1€

:,=

3;:; r;;: ;:i =ia=' =o ? : 1 2t-=i ti\= i = j=i;at = i:;! ai;1;;i: j ; -' ==?7a;ac!r; -? * s = z , a ; ;1 i a ^ ; - : a i '- ; = = = ivit€ ; : ; +71."2.j:i' z;::i i t i l; : i ,=i33 ! ; ii1=!-i1;

:i: i;

=+= 3 2 =1+ -: f i J=*4 ZE^ F, s: lo'r-r:. =; i : :=, 17=;" 1i: = I i;:r-=;? ?: i r r: -'.77 -=i : +1, 4 i 1: = - i- 3 .c -: i q =1p-l=rl: ; ? ; : tF ;Z ?4 = l: ; a; = r7:z;_re; j ""?91: ==-;-; = =q ===

-E qE:3 3 i -2== l: E":;?E ir ?i ,=.: . : a=i=7i ; =? #i :'. : 7 J:' -.:a =; =3o = =2 -:=?aJ ia ZilZ 1= -;,=-;;:=:t l g; ii =i,i '"" =. ii3!e1== ? :; !1: r-:.i 1; +.; -?: : : e; ; ;:: f?" b;g7_7:Z?=4\:= ;eiaA.=_2 & ; I L==: -: sI : 5 l i -i ;E B 2 ", ;'+I r : 77S i: - 3 9 g g: "= ='=; ! ei n.a t_va =-;=E; =l "== g a: 1,3 -Z i : : : # I ii e 7:4 .'=:

z7zrz=,

=it=; ;=i?i lF r i!

is $ is:r

s*

.1

rs

$i!

:t

r

i

f

r!

>

z z a a 7g

'

i1?

2l 9:

eB !5 ,9

1a\

p,5

g.i

5c :3

:-

d

-l

z

o

l

.t

;

n

m

-

ii t: i 17!i \

:i*;

?!,tl1iftz ,ti{:i1tZ;lg*a: + !==. i!ii:i;;iV?'z;t+7 s3;;;1 1la:i iA; i

!18

:

iE a

Ii

iii: ;ieiili;

+1+

;ri ,1;1!1,:iii*i=1;1+: =

i: i; ilizz;li= E:2t,:=i!lCl;+:?i

ii

z;zzl7 ii :;i :;; i?t'tl|ll'i if ; lE 1i i;

?:V

rV+ia

= i; i i 72izi+i: i e ;':?*rZz*zitr;: . iil::1:1;it a'

1

Ez='-'

:;

n:

1=

-":+t

A

i;

=i

+"2

="=.

J"

*

"=.i

"=VZl 3

=:e'a.= al;

i ? i i=

iZii,i

a-lc-1==.

l--:5'o-o1: a_=:

F

i

<

:

C

q

-

I

o

i

onu

OESERVED DIVERSITY

-i

: il t :ii ;iE ; i i

r

:L

Z

!

a

<5

9

F

!

IJ

z a

= I

z, 1 i ;

i

=ii'il, :ia i i i

?:11i r:

+

F

a: i

= i I I :

ri rii i' i 1i i 'ili1li '=i' iFl: ;3 ! ;; ;;i a i: iiii ig: i,i!i:t? ti: t lE= I

-,,j

::iZi i ; i !;! =z !, 1=: ; i: i:i zi i2 Zll?i i:iizclii=:-,';=i1itz:iz c?=;ri= ti I +:g it;;I?t= t:ilr ii 3 i1i i 1;:;:: ! i:11! i ,+:;Ei iii i! ;i li, ia :=ii:1i;:; : i ii 1i z.zi?:E;a1iii rq : iiig i i;;: ii i lia i; ti; i+i si\:it;;i! E i r =;z;?;i;::?? a:ralf i.-i i 1;ii;e?! a;iztI ti1E'1: 2i =z i=' -'= ; +J'-, I i; 1 ie, :;tzi i; ig 1:ri ,il;;;;i;i11;+i i: +I

=

e

:J:-oo-.--;da: ==-a3c ^=-r

t:i :i

-=,; at.. ==:

;

:t +-*:;;:lij?t iiiE ;t:t=, !:': :t;;i;=rrFi "iz7ii=:; 1== *i:il;Zzi=2 ;;*"::;:a :

;

: t ii;,ri;?Ei;E 2 =:ti€E -v;:2:1";;4! ?i",*2'i='=i =i:; 'L?411i+1*;i7'-tt :=:-lg 1;i:

=;5 -: o s-;, i r;-* ! =:='t =21 = ';' = ; 1 a 2 Z d ; 4 ==: i-at 7::=;f =- '=. =

::ii :tZ?, 7i i:#;:a:;i?;i=1li {13.=422=;*+;=E 2 7={V!;^-7"" ;;r

=

a:ii =;i:elit7::: i

€u;i;"iiiiii:g:5 :51l?tiat:r:;=gi+;iiaai = i=li=a=?i rS!:ieie^:;i+=3_ s is,-"e1ii=

10

!-

^

o '/

A

= t, -C a

;

i

=.r=?:, ; D -r = =r;-a.3' D " q: i

lP&i^3

: dq, - 5;;

;:-'l=Et --'-;3;-==

c. 1-:

:;-i;r;+a-=<"

-

2i=*-, =E .'1gF+ad

1=7=,;2o=:--':;:=P 3 o;'<:!i * 6 -:1 e

:tir"=:;j

-;nZ=-7

s_; _tr=! =55-:,lDo gEal€;;

!. i: > > 2 t 1 =;=:g:u..r.D :-^;'" -.':

= o-: +-o-"'€.;= -;?;o.n; ::: i4 - ^,'Y

-- +#

o-o o- ? c cl'd -:6 = r:;'^ v ? ) i !1 ? ===o2nJ j;.
I -o

o)

; -

a

n

m

ul

i;

DtVER511y (t*l)

ig=-;a;r:l:lil

i6*= ==6

l;-Ei

..8=1i i-'=.2-,

z6;22 :,1e_ s.7l=7

!2t.; a:=;T e;;=i

a P 4 1-

a < r: z i +"q3.," L.-2d; i-7iE a_ " -.-

2

))

o

Z

Trl

I

:

a- 7tJ7

Ei;*;i,i:; r#i= a

+ r

; ;4t ;-itF;i,nn=.:

E

;l;ii g3i-g ;

i : ;* : i i i; ?itll i I i i ; ii i i; i 1tz,1li;Zl;ic; iil +rii**, i+ ; 1! i ; o au e ria:' i r'=: ;ii??:E .:;iii ii; :i. ;:1: i:li;: ;: :7+ i l; i al ;!z*t=:li;*;tialzli:E=l; ii;a :ii e=i*7i:+i *ct=;et: i=' ;lF;t;rli ;:t1iii i la is: iiil :;si ziilliiFq ii=;: ; ;;:r;Fi;ai ii:tl; iti; t;;rt ,= =+;r?E: ;q:;i I:+i :tr,;:+s=eC;?lt3;;+i;ii;1 l

,.=! 1'==:

=

=:

1--n i+= a: tr

'E: .z=r ;I z =' a:.-? nc=-:Jo-^d

Es:

t

!e6;;

;-.7=2 3Z!.

=c1

!: S3-

4;,( o:

;+.:

?; _y z;E

+<; r.-^ : o:-

L =.;

s ) : 1;: '< = ^. a<=

=?

Z+iiE

=i

t-;Z

=;1i ; ;5: :ia

71=,\.=

17=7i

=

,=izZ=l* ?a;7 t;i* .ii;i:?

7:,

z= :=

1 p

J

n

q

Z

j

l

F

i i

=; i,:=rt,1+??:l,zt li eF;g;gll;sa7 arys?E3

=

srEEg

Z r

,

i,iiir$li:;:r*:i:'ir:iii:1|ii; pr l: *l ':;it:5:€;;i: i;:-i i*i':i ;+ti,i ;;i:,i{ ,: i ;i ir: ? +?:tr: = iTil+":siii; i:: i ;;; ii:+V3 i;!; ? i ;i ?'; : ',i,lili: ;Zit=1,;: i;:==i:",v i:i EE.=;::' !., ii;iir ;i :ii I ?:; i ;i;=ls : il t} :ui :: eZ'rrr3 : ; ;i= L, i + :i ; '1.+iii; ;q:

i.;,, :i:t;::i?.'-g, ;;ii11;1";i:,1+,:i;i ;: ; ; = i i:\-i=gj l!-=r- :; j l'=lizi= jZ ::i-jiil

;=r;=?:2:=g?)6-=,7: =.i-a':,lz-i=?i=27=-?t

:;1' ;i

=7: -;;-?Z': :;-;, ?1 r:_=z ii+::1=: 't t1 r.- : == ".=_-=r:Zt=;?i,= =r; __==

=lli?i?i:::ZEz :"=:;; :iz 2i:r:,i r', V.t \i:z:=ti::li t= i ._='=+37 =::; ; a = :=iZ'+, = 1l-*s-?7-:,2.:+=it

=v

?::e=7ir' ;Z? 11 i z'r7Z

:==i'7v-,i-!"a:;;::?te Zt:;7?VL :i!, !rZiii ==^ -7 = -=:.= : 1= Zz : zi:,e 2=e l; ==:+E1=21_;2,1 =1il;:7 !

7?

a +77xi tt!iiz:r1='r=iii:i;i!=i?;ii?: i7 : ::,2.. =?+iiii:Z;ii t? t 7 :"_=1: v=:7=il-l-i?i:i:Zl.=s3.i=i'=71.2! ;";

i-=7:i.F+='-='-;17?ai :i::za'^E 9 :--:::ii,.it7i:+1=+Ert;=71+i:; ;1.i= i i==F;

pe1

ji.t.-e

a

o

1; L Siqg

q

Z

P

?

;ilzlaia i':si;a:is ; ii'iil*if ;lig P.. i=raE:';:gif"i; a :;;;;tri=: Fr5: ;

5 €--<:::

=-.:'i j [.ii
5 -"

; li=i 3,i i ;:ii 3 i Fi a I I ; =r:i i '

;ii ? iii=xt+'f iii gi i V qas i'i gf ; =i

e

ii

=

a

z

i*

j z: qai;":,"'-:iislr; i ?i':ii?-?:1- E3. i :; *i i ;;'l;ii:5iqi;i i:?t ; I ii ?irir;:E-i '."=!e E ? +:?;>4 ?-eia 5;.:'€ :nat:l i i 4 E:: 3= -*Fiis;; i:ir : e : a +1 ii e:;i;i;niii ; = I gili'*';1 i ii;i + E i :i i: i:iliir

3; "2 . ;A ;=:

i:";'' eZ;:9 jx E3= 6{:lE'*3€::l:.1:ii

{';r"-;-

3

s = ?s3 H\i\ EEi?g lgg =s . 6 i r i : : ;i :1,. z?-< t -: ; I a : . t s : i : f o i I f ! 6' i'

==-

=

n

=

i :3 i

n

a-c,a-=

aP

+9

-lq

-.;:Tz-;

h

--3

"=

- =.<* =: 2:Ea_*2€1!i!* 5ai=a:riI;=a;

ii i, ;= .2,^. v; ;i B l: =;=";:: ; i; +Ei is i+;: ie iq ?slz+t; z =_-z= I b! 5 - -r. " 7=

d3[€E;r==_;]a?

":.!i

E

=.i.3.;^-xa:c-o

;3r38 :23i=11:ed;i9

?231c :ii3**.?iiJ:Es ;air=3 3i*=?::=7t1::E -Ta=d 7133-:

i')=?i

?a, o :: 2.: = :aa'=

;*=

-; i ;^:.;9: ilE ;

g"J!?t*

;

2 - = ' i s. a ; f : T =?;s; =! :A:.:= .:^arlr =?2P=77lli:;2i2z""-2 -= -c5tro : / @ 1: 3 -:: oP =: e 3: aa;

a

qF 1:,?tt=1,,=,- i? -=! Fi i?:1i4Zd,:;; ic: = :> 7?: s i;;j =; -; - e==?-;ZE q A=_; i1!6-€ 1E ;: { n p i3

a=L2 7, Z ; 7 : : i- € 1 1 3 : s ? o_ 9 i = 2.2 F J r 9; n i n i - _r6_ _ j o--c i'x = ;i7 lZi ==; = I L4a3:=.+=.==.";::qY = =": 3-r zo

F

q

q

?

c

!t !.^ 9m

.>

o>

9.o

o-l lo

z

o

-l

c

o t-

m

x5 z= oo =z =a

-rI >r-

oo aI z

-lJ

r; m-:

\Jrn -lI T@ m;

>U

(o

.) J o

r

li 1: i

=r

gg;i

q

+;

:rt;Eil+;lliiSi

isi*r

ca ;

iii 1ilt1+liiiiiiiii ;a| iiiiiiiiii ;rei;;;i1;;iaFi 1;i= i

i!.

r=,' :=ii1!1e

=

:

igIlaZi ii;i * ; i ! i i; ii r:i a i li iia; r;: i;:3?;;i:i= '=;;^_. ;:+;i=:::; / Esir;:.:i:lqi=;iil lr;3i11:ir+qi =:: -;i =ii?3i ;-;'=;?;=;l?i:;+aEI::+g;lrti:::7-:i::!ii .=.:= :: ; +t*;iii+t;it+i ii;1;:ia ii ;i?i;':; 1t=gt;;1E i1=:1?1i a:j;iEiiliiaS:a t:= '-.i 9it: a+r,=,is;;€3i ii i [==z!ii3l;igiE; ; a t =l: :;>ii+'ie;;;:gi:+ 1;::E isi;+;t I : i '=

i3

+

;;i;f gE;i=ttlr ,i;+iiii i:ri *:1:: :;; i*tai ; i+tzl! ?:;7 isEi:+j;E +lZi ;:;l: aii ;ic;

ii;F:iliiiiili'+;liiiii iiiii

?;i;Fgciiiiiil+r:iif+iiii;;i

l;tl;1: jii":-3g=iii:; a;:.;;s;;

?i ri3i*l*a?A.=i!= :ltz'= =**t*ili :iiiz;11'::?i ?Z:?;+i; i?:i

'";"zi t; : ;j: ,vli,''*u

i

i' '=

ztAV _.=z lr-

iii?'E

::

i;EgiiF;ei

glitt+1j5?

F

e30e

az

_ :

:+

33

::i;*i=

==|;a;i'

z:i1!t

t: =6

c_

v

_3 r<

_f ;_,v ;'+=;;

Au .;

5*:.=q '' =;:;

:; l1;+l:

.-=,.T:

: r

A

hF

=:

E-E _= =

^.=

6 q3

-

".

N

r(T tl7 :.1'-13

+

-Lr *

-cZ!-

i'zi

i i 1 E ttittzzii E i l

*

I

Ii i

g

I

E

i i i i iE i l ; I i E

g

'i!:r!i.;+i

Hn5.:a'^12, 3, ts x-*a;)2o o o- /D .i

i fn+;a.elE3'

./z-= -^<

^'OZ,

^.

s

r .i -o"*o !'r P 393 4 t F: 6 o.=6 ,.-'"6q*rd3 :ni^^!5-

r:i;

-

;i;

t9

1i1i3i?;ii iiEJ,?ite:E lii;iEsii: f ;i:iiiii i ; r 3 iil;1: V i',+: I I i; iE 3Ei liig;; + iii; i:=;? i :?E+iillaa 1ii;:ii i:g ;'iil;E3aS ;; tita:?; i

'

a..

6r,!

9& . E7U ? P
f

C O d

a

YI i ' " \ i i o x"r =.23

e =zca<:ooj--' =9

Z=.,7r'alq6r^e-

E " *5d

-Y--4dc-@ o! i: -.t b:Z-'-3LO-d:l Ta..'i;
: ztrl .;a7,=2-:t ; z - aF. -; tr ! 6 Y ^ :.:.5 5;;5 'o I -:.d,'c c 3^9 E:4!Y. ^=\c;c6'clJ

=.=-':-aaA: t??=A2s=i6 =-1"daQ:": 3=d31Aia1E =.::+:ii;1Ti q i3 i ; *? iiiiAE; iti; F: 1,: l:E+zi,i g A I E ? g E I s i i ; 3 I ; i i i A i s 1 i ; i 2{L?78

r,_i+i? i: e 3:,rl3 s =:77 =^t;- sii'*a; l! F:+==*- +

ti-_ ::-;

,.i*Eti:,aa

=!<);*-c'_:oo:qo

.

21

;F

1.,

t=

1+

ll

2 --Z

# s;

1E;;';;:r; 1= ;it2=Z-l ei := ;ar*i n*!?;i : ==;ii !i::=; i: qc Z;L._.7; =:tt

=i;i-E

ii:: iSiTa; +iit:;l;ii ili:i: :=l-€53E!;i

Fiee ?=:.:e-? t! e:E3z:;==1';

i:1:?:l: go' 14s*s.'

I i 9 ^7t?=.:a

._Z_=--:=:-

?

a'a] E=eii= .;= ==,-"it> a'i t'__. al+e ?l _. ?i^ "7 :i5 il_==; :==> i1_=r =ii6:t:+ir', =.: titTiz;7;as i? > 3-7?:::-JH=

a

+

E

6 q

",

\ ; =; =

e. +

.q :

*o

-229.

igi;ii;i g

&

a*

e

3^DJ-*ao:r!a

33{=-.31i

:;E&3 \o:':P.

s^

o

O

P

o-

-d x q

-^ a

=

:

P = =

:

^

neac -.

a:.3-

z=t6

i

5=ge1:?;7ii-21;E ;E'i4 F B ; k 1* f .a.F e.: 3?gls;a;=ig?3eE i:i;

=B-;.p

o

E. -=€-!l:eiAEi.li=t* :;:: r:e-; :I#; i3+Ii?3='q:; =;=

li

i"4"2 3E+;*€1ia$€ 3 *::_=:: i

= -?:<-t1<==5"*-:

: !| o

o

o

NUMBER OF SPEC IES

Number of species

-lu(,r.5(,o--t ooooooooo

q*-q'. -_:;93 .-,TN

:'-: ; T"? I6 F:

=

iia::

a Z?

;

-.{

a1t;+i;aEti+iii l;c;: t=?liae+!31?itE i1*s 5,

=:y-:<. ;;gf :?;1i1'"Fa=;?'

Ie-ae*Q+f

.=4-

: - d e. a t'3 ^ 3 I 9I' E T = =iX#=,i3I6 =T i.r:31.8 =7;;=._i;Q ?k!,=q+loiE:g=!i =.E:T=

E

1?!if;: l;E:Xae l ?z-? 13 d 3 : x3:

=:;;se:tr : ; o o- doa - I - P 5 : ---==-.NYL rl- - 3 3 P - c. ='1 =: < 4

Ys:E=jiATiSar€61^+2=tri=1=aXEae
4 E -^ = -

rcs;Ec

ilglg; i{i=':-ri

=nlaqE E&==1=-ai1= ;:!i iiaija lia;q: T33+EiagFi E ;;g !3" -;a

iar iafiil +*t?ri€iij :;giar*+l* i;5

5

3

i;I +:i;ls*;Es1i,iii;f i iE i: i l; f r f * 1t ; ili;=ig-i i:; is3 s z ;q.= ;ii *a3?[; 3f,=*;5]3i# +3i lrri;T *+Fsii .i{ia{rE1t rii;irEB*f 3;q

l;i

;iE=4:{g*?i crt i T2n t: SFgi?+:FaT .i+;I=ca=*5.,;=?i1 3i: ta3;jg51i€=:ris?a

j o z

z

z

lo

n

I

I

IJ

-

=

F

:;?i1?22?_ii:,=Ei=18i1;=:E:€i3 :

;A

l1t1i:17r2=1-i?+

i

a

ii

li 1: i

g

i i i zr!zl

?

ii:

i

I

;iii

1?,17t{ic:i:izi;

z

i ;z:ti,czti i i i lrl?I{zi i

;iiz:!? ;i;;Z:i:zi i : i; ,IIi;;

t,=ii;i1

iii, i; !?17?;:Ellilaii;?' l

tii;g; i ::Z?;iii; t=:i:ii;agi i"i-z,

'?1,,1;iiii:= ii ;; iri; til'i:;ziiiE'iiii ,izli! i ii +:; r;;

:

i i ? I + : ii i i i ii ;!i+ta:q l i:;1121 i ltlElirZ:1l:9 1:. + s * g z! *ir a r ; : t i:i fe; i;

1=:21

:77'*a

:-s?1LY4

VlTVliEi 1i dl;=3a€li=?2 Fa: 4i'r:?-:' l tt'=1;a *E iEE !!;21:;c ;ncx i?: a s;?:;:i ;3

iiEi:lltzl+; i,,i ?!i; !.-z;+"r: 1+i!;a'.a;?i:ig

=i*i

;=;i

1

Eais:' ;

= 1r?i\;i: eii*i?iiEg'i;s ?1Fgi;li'Ei

?z+z:Zli

=.;-='='

:

#r i E

; \l'i+€:ii ?i;ii ii ;iii?? x1i,'i: ii:; t:ri A ; t!7{{i:i; ;; iiEii. lliil'c;i?i; iiiiiaE : q

:i3!

I

i

=z:r\:ti?

1i?,i11ilg;

r

i!

/

-

!'

ittlZ:i?z*,a

:!

: o,P .=CP6+"

3,

o-::oo=-'ad ao: Q - 5? ". E29a Z a" ai 3 *o,s

:-o-i o 3, a=

d=

e!

'

-a

--l

I

o

I

i;ii

i

ZtrZi€ ? ; i i i

1!!gliit

;

=

!i* 'i;i

a =

?

=

a

ii i: i ici;s I

;;u *r

z'=t;?

iaiEi

liiEii i+irgi;iFli i+i:i l

i;E+;??liiiir+i;si

?a

i;i+ 1:; a:3iz+ ii a€

v'-?Ltii i 11?iii;i

i;r=;zli i'; ji li*li;i;;;3 ?=3;iii

rii;iiii;iiiiii

*

aii?il +;e:illisilisitr=is=te: != =s:i6i ?tiii-ie;;3i.i;a;?E+:it:

: = tEii: ia:C=va= ir1=;l=; 1;:;zz7 i

=,Eit!,r; iEa; t?ttzZt

?a

:'=-==7 ;L? =-il'-z:a::!!

+:7iz1?ie17ii

'y62p

- -2 'cqa;t

-.'-

|

!.4

11ti

itzt

+

;:;l ZzZi+lEii i i i 2,1i ic :

" IE?'i|;1??i +

rzlalii#I*izi?Eali:li:'?zz'E!1t"r77;i'

iira Tiliqttt;X;g;;;!

-

4 _ Nr :.:';daZ tr:=-o

"

-

;

r'

a.- -.a i*9_.a

a5I3 ztTu=

--^ :: d

li

co

-z 4 :? ^

a

?

I?

+

= =

i=

oo

= --

z

Y

; =

=

oo -5

"

; q j -n -.o 1.8

,t,2 3.:+=

=yi7 '-z'" o 3v;.

:;ae

,. =.--, '!La 5 si, ir 9 -ii-- -

o -l - =

-i6€=o-ts-

il!=;

i?7; -=.--

€E-z

j=;;

-

.. '

?e

:;;= '-.-

*F; i;2 21; :l:

-+t ^ P"^:

.--= Ag;.

U-. r dd

e:: :i-4 ;21

ii:

, cP aa.

'":q

Y:.: ".:1

rjoo

Z!

j'ao

!i= toT rgi

53

;6-;:=ii'-1==i

ie E!4*_+=-"_^]7i: ===c

i?.:a.::"-ii€i:gT+ i:-_-5 g:-.2 ==i:gA:il="=-ii3;r; 3=i=+=I*+;i;3e1i i*:j ;r=CtAe;.;3€i!13

ilE= :q%a

::;-E

!AT

:{-3

12";

=gi5 3:= =i= 5EI

*r:e

;;: e;g= ;== :A€

=

i

= =

;t

:Til,ja E:a;19+a?=aii€i*= -=?i i3 it319lil:t;3s;q-e 7,;a ai=p==si1;A=;a=3- {1 tEi': i€Ei?i+7:i:;i1i :+35 Eil;:;::BaJ;9;te

=.; ii ,*:i.*;:-=3i;i:;iixs; z,Be 3?ie=3*!=3!;4;1i SiF,*

,. i:sS3;=-oeHi-:i! E!?Z == 5 !F : :; --* 31=; 11+€:; 5!E 3 ?i:: -'==trz=i77 €e.-r="i;q;5tl;;::1il J ii= 3 -?iLa i:;5*:i-e:;i *;1++ 3=

e

51 Z7:1 -;=,738i-sei -i'-t-=-=riL.=;+::l}i; -iii,. ^f Ir:r =a:E'3=;;.*=r;i;d=:!-Tr=!5=:==72; j. i-='9.€ ";;A =ZLV.: gi ;x-.=?=: t-l7;8"?1E;;;-i ji;:1E I ': ie 5t=1

A.-

a -

E; ;0

9:

=?, :d

:r

=,=

; {

a-z =-r.

^= -i

*;

'*i 9?:

:"1s

2^7 4r.x'.rir

A=; - o z 32.2 -. 31A a 6 i,:;i*: i3i _i,I rrcC*.f --n

?6!

7r4

t.-: =H3 %€ 7. €5; - r=Z 4 a..-3..:.:

o

>

+

lt

z

n

=

?e lt lii? i?i 1a iailiii;:ai€=3;?i*;i

i11:

oo1€E

i =

u

r';E;;li;a<32 3=f;?aiq;5-a

a

i?

n=-

=E

! R a1*s= ex -

;; i;t :c:g?

3€3i=

=??n1

;3

7FS??o

"

3F

Z=4ft:.'q*;5 f;;a 511; a t: *!*q3=FEagt :F;:?3L+=T1

r;;ii a;'rar ;- :;l:iea.qis gia;i:1tE€; ?5'-*; :::Fl F3:iira+1s+ +;?1+-*5;: i;r-;t::€ig# ::i )x'i:t

i=-+ifi =€€5; fE:;-!

=Aii5

F

a

E

F

E

?

--

F

ia?g;i=,tqir-; t;A€Ei?'f3i; g3+63r5q-=if

sBE:*€9d+116

ie=Ilo=a:;l o' --:;--1-52{ i*

EE;lq : =;rs; ::"1;**x9..* :

':-=.

:=B=sir'r.:.;=r l:-.3 l3 '=.sc::===L

"4==:tdSia:Ei:! J !i:r:z=E,:=,_1o

!.:g€.qEc331X= S I 2=a,i;;;E+a' 9 5.pe * =,Zii;#E*=:*;;gT n --i!: ^l qiiE3E.==,qaii ;

'''', -_= _=.-a 3r-==F =:.9j;s

= =?=FeL Ei":i= :r=IiE€

t

ilsi i+n:E?:t 31a* r?*:a ;$le€Iasi*iiirr: ;E;+€Faii I;aa*t:;11iaE i;H ii;fi Aii; i siliEaii €i15iia i?a*1iiiT :*ier;3+ ?+ifrli: zzEils;;?

iiaiilii€ rqigiE{ lilAl:i;i

=:

ic : i54i; EEl =l H 313;;1+€i€ eag;??',=l':ga ; s1i *:, iaii;3 iiiA a+++i *iE?+ 9i; i a ;3'.iiF=:E -=.!3 * s: r*"li

c4

ai

.=7V{

;

:i :

; o

1

.l-

+ qo

+

.7 z

lor

l-

l:

9

:

5

.

+

ls

!l-

ot4

'I @tl

:2

+

ll o

)l

is

R* |17 {.

lcl

t^

--l

= o

r

fA s:_ll \eS6i,

ll

a -

Ii. Ia

=

o

^!

ll

I,E

Ii ssc, I .i rr r rll 5 q{ ld s

la ll 3

ilq

il€

Ille

ilF

l.

ilE

|5

I

tl

I

]L

I

lt

lt

I

ll o

- lltc; ll a 1-

1l@

qlt.r

:D,--<:,

I

Fol'

; |^ l9 z z z zlE

-

ll

'; € |i 5 31,! :. 5lo

;iit o =l d ll -r

,

^: a

:E-€ -- 3l=; a

]N .\ -; rl;' t

o_3.

a-FA\? 3i9"a

J

n

a=

BEi -:3o

;

=

'^

j

iE

A

5

=

a

C t

4

4;:

o

d

o

=

c

O O

;*-Bi:a.{ 3I?riE;c; t3?Er:..i5:

- = -::.<=! a_2aE;

: - * a ^ a2 ;

2,r;_ a3v

!.,1

!i "

1.0=.5=

='8 3-

=

3iie.

i-=Eg l:e^ : a!,:

='e:dE; eELg =lp^ ia=:'c : -=.; J-5i 2-_v

"'E=

5a .A

:i

o*

:", 3r

=7

E

3

:=3i, aI!:. RI r iiii

-i-o:Jr=.;:*

;'!y

"*a= :^;_.

rd:t a:6-.<

3 =. - - =. *,.)a:.
= < - _ = "=€ i

!

;; ;

9::EleFtE?ih+; iii ; d::; x 3 3 E; 9 r-3;3i1=:i;"Ea ;:!

ft?.a

s3;*a"T?;a.'=i5 ;'6 +: r-; iAZi_tr2E

l 4=?-1. 'i +. -.1? {;z:5 ?;t=.r;;E _^=a=.

r.r

d N o

o-o

o o

1zi :E; :-r 3?i o"'o Fgi;-8 iq;

?;i '"ii i

E"a:lLEf gx ii:i -, =37" Bqi::;3Ai fi AE'.tf =l*-s pq:l *?*;1le;iSilr= ijSd o= #=o+F5i:6:E=Z?

ic,i;.;Aa-

?t_^d:itpEig;aa :3Tlrg+3?;=r*_.

O

G)o

=="i Fi.9 .-E- r

= = :_a

.

i?-=::::;:d=!rfi 7?:!* l; ii s: r;q ii:?

==.)L::,q!..-DoY:,: = =

'-::.s.qr5:

iA

\r;.r ='; -.5:l-=":1 Jqa 'a _=+=a w = ^ : r r 6 _ i; < i ^d d=4n E;; j E = =. = = " 5: ==l;. ..n'a i;:F.ioe6? : !. g. ; : a < t =- I

'-!a:.=

'7 i g, - ^ = = ;j-=.7=t=.t..i:=o_Io_E : I 7 -= = :- ^ iZ i e 2 - '- = ? Z * = = -1-:Yk:_<J-= z:i=C z .o 2 d = 4 _ i c ' , : 2 i -51=3.. i=1===;

-

iaTa Iit? iotL

o-e-+ _o-_:

= ";

clrs'= :rlii€::a=i'! ?:?Z 7,=V= =-Fi;=a37; g::5fe: j:

"' €-i3-+23^.iz ,2.r::: "=^: {:= 3€

'*="

"d:; 6oE-a:=\rT;i;{ - - 4 ;

=i+:e.3::E,1: ::1Ei:ir;;;i?; 3 4- l:2e 2.,- P - -.3I

-i

*: : i < = 't.==3t_

= :E -a

s ;:;E n-A-. =.'a:;i*?;irr-i i=r ="34:so2-.2 ji; od

?7;:e_7+Zeil;Ee "=',i, i pf.d;- i:eE-;99io

J ;i.: i*;e ;Fi l;:::?=vll;-*sil 6 -.s^ -!7d =;6_A; > Q;!:lzu:1+:85; i le": :: 3 g1: Z;"''21 ;7 :;E !!.a:-=-1

':o

^.

7-.-aa..94'nJ

z

oo oo

N5

z

(,rJ

.6

o@o ooo ooo

^z o=

NJ

ll

o:

(n

.-p

NUMBER OF SPEC IES

ooo

lD

NUMBER OF SPEC IES

I

+

z

oon

UIO)m

z

Io

z

z

I I io

n

o

t

ai

2-=

'

-a

a

-

-oo;

a

--

-

1o

-:

!LL

_d N o-n,

=9J=J=S:+a; -?a 6o"i -=-"i = a7 =xj i;=;= Jc

_

AJ;

€:ii.@o

=

::? ?

=

r X?

u1;!=i l;F 7zii1=i;1:;i1='-?=;i;i q t I + I I ; ; s i i + ? i *+i1 :

F

c'a-

t?

u-

iE 1:4 i

;

;

1;; ;1:, Tzli?i 1' * r; iE

t: : ;;

z

;; aF; : c ; :zii=E+ 'r i-";:-=:

"

1;c +;a i iE t;;

! :!t!a +a:!-i; -i="iz= :!?==E:iI':zEi!+ t!r:ti; i :iiij ai: I -ii ;:2 ;i? i i; t i"1"=??ii1? i i l€:++;i;E: i =i :: : s ?:aii =:i ;; =? i #i-iiz:a i r: ;
3

I

l;l i i? tii I i.i i ! 1i i iii g;:fi:ili=iiiilif;; iitri? " ;; !1+

=: =;,iiz€I Ti i,:iElel

=?,:F

E

r:=ig:;

E

+

3:-a 3e9g- tar P i

=217! ;=;1 :+!?-o l lrii9m F: ! 3

=e €?nlP-aFl xEF+;

.-;;^tr!;: ;s4.".7;=;l&'-==-;=

dj-

13

:lz=z z^t-< +'-:7=' p;3.{ / tr?.} * 9"3. t^';' tri; a? "_\ a:?_'"-f 15:3 ad--:-1^,.o, ^:r-o

o

1qt; 5l-;=E;--

+n?= Ld r

;?r'{"L_e; ii: i b; *= i;:; *.-}Z?J-? i-Fit; ?iA A i-lai i+E :ilt, 63-x€ :!z=ax,4=ae i+::_?i2seil 3!=€)s Fz:i E;i'7ira= i:rZzj it l;Es ;:ta-'*=gl"a 1F=3it3li 3"--z:=- :l7e -' ;=3 ;n',+a, o tala 1:..' =;-a1!p=1i ?_-= =.99=: o'r=;;,:

iit;j5-"'i

"-EE -;=}fra;6 =ie;-2ry==i ; i. : l i _ = 3 6 :F.1:':i1"._,I o. a -- = : ; = = I c3

=;o-=.r;tr

ir=72t7;V

Z7.dL

w^.-)

;...;z :i:;a3; l;liiill ;irii;ii? g:; *tit: i +i ,tt: z:!i\ei i i : litii ; i € ; i i i i ? I :itiiiit1t!,

?::;r rl:= ':1J1 il;:A t-?=i3 --: -?.
':toia=2"-";\

: i3=." j.r,-3'.

-

r:

+ais;:ni?= -'=!*-:.=:{

;=;5?,2':?-i ===-==+,=-

a=;:=-zatae =E=V'-+;9iz ;j?Lz''?4?E :1= 4-Eqs*=9

, j

:g'rT+i.;=i

*6i-:*?l= ;:3-i ii-=

>a_r=. v-.-)d2 a ;Lz1 a l;+;?:s?71?= g ^i4E; 1Z:-P;;-i.iF'; / ..-o'isYii3p tz =ria6iEil :;:I;:5:XFir i34iJe33g i!IQ*;"=r;? q"-i*i+;T-=

u E

1_; l! 1E,:€: +;L=_66. =Jv t a a =; a +R':1!:;^piF=.yi ? ;_Fa-[n-_ aE +s; ss: i _'=7,;,ie'liE= 16 5 i? 3=; +

:

':++6::a=3 ;:ici?EofI .6"/?.';;a

,:ailEis*r _':;icn2-:-

g3l +3::==!j; 5:iE3eT:

1

E

;;ii i

i

:

:?4.:-:= I
--

);

!:

i-

V'= i : =:f :; l" *i:1:?=..-:-E==.oai:ia,_23:.

+

e

E

I

""'.i .=

:{

-

A

o

;;t zt:i,i=;l= iZ=ir7iE=-,:: :: ;JTz_o 9ii"=Eiz'=1-. t-, g q

r::

-Ai; 3 7;-!;==3="8i4:3.-Z5r,fii =l:q';3; _ ;r : o a ?i?_€aE_ ..-l--= -; ?::=4 o-l5:-!.-=g--a "; IL ?'---li=on: z==4^L->.7= {L-7]1=Z:':i1-e "-=i=:-1"-[;

ir

a

- i: =

1i,:-a-=_z+1:i'zi

r! r3 -q;_ ?e: %qn=;6-r-a=?, !.o-i; -:::_-

:;' n:'

c a C-^

; r :l o P :-:

1:l:tr:dl:tl

t)a

F : a \/il

:;,Ei=?,i:s,i

:cj'L)ru;-c:-:=. t= d l; - F *: qZ€ L1 " =-F 1s i;f r:::5

-ruc'-

1; lp I i: ?i?-'":= t=: 1?-!Zi zi sii;=.=a=?EE=i:'+== !-;= i:.-=.=--.=;i: j ;;l i lV++ zi2; A: -E ; i

-e=cr'Yt-

=

a

? 2

w

ii,

.= ii; i+ize-=7 ;;-it,*;?i:+131:+Z??+i -t ; r;;1 7:?: i : : ! =: -3i:l?,:r77 i*- ti. i3 +l ';li;i=:i;:;i, ?*;slA:;iirei;eFt l! 2:t';=.=2:="Fi= .:"- -c s.s j2 Pi:5=3i;zi+7t;:i;i.;iaiiI'=i i j Z, =,..-;'v"_o=.-== =,,='za;i+a ='ti,=,:ia:;ilf =z=EA=ie: i:; :i:;;:Iai5;1 ;Jri=1!rg:a:ir^;+ 27 i aaq'lsZaF=13*" iii:';FI;e:*:iutiT i*=ii:=i;l:l;:g;q2 4i

/ci=:)r.?Y

---;):o=F,P;^

* i_i;'s_7?? ..' a! =7t:;= , r c ! b = =.^ -..V -! =.-., =t-.::if

==-;

-.:7.^_.,_:

_.=::x ^==.=e:5:*-=1

t": +2fEz7l z '" t=ij t.r=!.=ty? :=^: < 17 :-_?t2'-= gdr.: Y =- :=j ;..:v

1

11!il,iZtZ!t1?:11+1{i,i=rii=;i:a;i',7i=ti:i 1zi:i:1'za1lili;l111iii11z*?tlt-!;11fliiil; g ia :'1 E i t-1;77i- lli i i : :z;t;? lr:i:jtl+iiizilE 1i, tez*?iiE: +z=zz iu, EFip+26\i]-;ni zi ==riiztz=Fii: =+= a[€ ;:ae7iF;?"iE==eZ

ilaigliie;+i; ; =t:iil: i?lii;Z:ti:!: zzail ; iii iiEEli1tt;;i+ili ?'7i'

i 1i1?,E iii iit:;e 1i; ;Iati

;

i l+

lii i[ ltii

=

=

*, ;,;

l; i = i. = 1 q il

if,

lf :i

=!

+i i i

=

Il f g ;:; ui =;ig;i

r

ii igi r ii iFi i iiii 1l i i iil ii i iii i I :; i'i I i; i'i i'g;. i i i i i*s +i i i:i i

i'i'i#':i q ir;:"i i ; I ;;i ii : fi:=f llllis i ti'lu,

z:;,ii

=

-i'=i;iiiiiaiii

i:=?-F : I ia ; * ";

5 5 5 i i ? s 3 rr 3 ! 3 3 ! : = ? ;E F = i;1=1i1,i;; i; 9gi:i:i *:i g i;E :; ; it ii; i; a; g:;;:

ii=;z+,i: z+ t ;i

;i;s=: gi ;r Fi I ; 5?

ii;i iil;iii; i';ii iiliiiiiiill ii iiiigii: . i1 i1iiilli : i i iiii::;,i?li .i uiif*li i 1: iii;"? i r z r :iii =;c 1A*? ii i ir=iE;i

3ii= si;;5;z:t;;-q; s+:iiii;=:i* 1='i'f:gg;1

i

H

; : < f F f r = F ! i ; a 3 ; ii I 3 z .,,1:' 2"rt: ; e: i ? i : i I I i I e i i I i ; l i i iil!' := ; + ; i : i i i

^" 3

t

q E

:j ls

o

!

A!

.T ; = 6 j:;d

=3:ie=3i*€i-+T93:#;

3

= = === : j2a= ?;-493-2?:d33-s > = ='- ;s --''; !:i:=,?i"=

=. 2.

;iii€;3;:Fg=?e:;$ae ;,.-{? -; =k li!:-; a 3;;i P 13 . i+;i-:i lii-+:* "l-q : - i . I s E ? 9 - --

q a T. 3 = = -

-r :-: ;7*?==J=*4.:a=-9 ;+€ ll-o-=;-; ?€.'! i i 3,;:

s

o

:i

€;i;:i5;+":A+sil;=5Ei :3;I 17!;;; :1i= g;: eE e 3==;,*: 3 !. 3 +; !::

'1=14

 uz zo @= -> -rh

iv) ?o

-lm -f cn

o#

=m

12.

an=

lo

g

+D mft

?".

ol._]

!

xoF: = Q -F

Z

s1l;aiSi; "*i'=:::==t+ 5 ;E;igsii!+i=i+Efe3 I ,

;=;;=;i:+;2=7i;;+;;

L Oa / .< o < \r " /-\ F a' 3. ii = = 2 at =nq+;+

; ::

;

:=

; a:-

:;

(:

FP

o

O

(D

= o

o

a

ii tsg *a ;

6.J

5

a:

rt -

;

\'.

.i

A

tr

R

F5 (,o

-

:-i

5 irl' o,

tst cL? +>

FE oc

/i4 := =4 = i! 4E r'l

:g ;

''\o:;^\o + ;.o -F> l> c9 @: :;_ 3:

9-'-r I +;o

n

!!

o i; -

(!5

^-

et,rpEi-A-

4

o:uo-pd/ o,:.:. +o o F -

N
3

a-

j

Z

-

KER

coK

<= ? t ". y i_ 42 :nt-rt.',.;a a 't;9 --.>-=; :--.5 P\:-r":

-=i; -o!:i ->YiEL iaa-+ 4c =z

i,in q >: 2 ^a Na. da1 a i:

2=

d= z6

L i rlot

,':;e..8 ::z

I *- >:1 t42>r= -p: |:1 ai -:r @7p X 7 ^t. 9 *-;:'>i - A- c: *

< :a "- T L (6oif-v-1]

q ltu

$g: +;:"u=7i 7=V,z;122

3

it .laii;i; i ;i i

tzia

=

GYA

)"

/"t'

i 1 ii i 1

iii

coo

€

3

Efs

iii

BEF

sqA

ASC

l:)

tcE

i i7!tl

coc

1

;

i 4:7=?7

tr,zllg_'

;

i 1!1il: i

i

il^

ALD'

30"

z

lz lo

z o

q o z

cl

fl

z

3

?ztlzr

fig iiEiiE1'i.?117221;iii;t17!x+ *

* iIi i ?E

It?]Al*l1iilc

! 1t

F3=C:1-l*9; aF

--

H

{

a

6:+?a*u- s: F:i j.?= -; 1 e1 i?iE: ; s_z j = : i'ragt!;ar-+?i7

==9??!='-=:--a

-

F

J-

r,i

-

-39< i.h tr:

-. ;

J

o3-r'r j

-ogJ : -'-

:r4a-

d

d

,:i

<

r

f

e = c

a--6-

aqd'' 6-

r.j

-6 ^

a=,"

.-e a=+i {Z *?g?'

cr .'a|-a.

v.r:1

=_

YI

=7;

=;-

=

7: =.+

:3

;tr

9€

E5

o?

:c

:o

Bo-

E+

?

is :

a

* :E

!

g

? ;i

- !-P-a+-

o-!;ooo

t?9.PoYl-p+

-9

J

:

I:

@s@o 6+.5

s,t6 xu;:dg;oaE

-

o!ib+.6iri:

;5: al I "'! ?q.=' .?' =i\ ?i" :t7 C-" 421 -=i E;;

73==<x;. E D L ! I o.n:l-.a,)a : c N b c ! c o o o 1 aE > N > i :> ==. =,i 7A9! 3 3'€E 55=' 1i :j tI,iE

lq

:; i=:i:di*;=ns zinaiiE i! eF;Ei*=e a_ =E

1'= €l++v"ziiaiii

?_i ;[;F+;;;e=="r? lx :;iiaiiS;?=6_

7=

i::1*!€1iV"t?"e a= PF=-aAi':47>.i,?

E-e i?- lE*;3rvi9;6e

q

:

o

3 ll;.=l

ll =lotsts

E'

i

6'

s'

sA &! 6-H

r.;

: lr

I iq il o -j. 63 ll ll

ll ll

r ll

E

ll

llg5+ o

t lFr'!

s

3e

ccd !.a ldi=-

ll

€ ll

a

E

F

5-

11,,'" ll 93e

l-

ll" r3

i

i!:: P-

i7

4=

="

ijtc

sc

";

:i

3

tr

9 6

-.1

-r

x

i;

o

6

a

fr

q

5

i

i*r ii=-

=-

1;

'"=

z

I I=

?

*3--

tq>:)v?3t.-

E;i;:Fs1:ta:;lqa:sfr := :?a'=l;i1;?vu,[,ic;=# I j+--Zlr;*ldjiz?;^E:":. 2

rrEIo;;

..\qd---=

20

SCLERACTINIA 1OO% ON ISLANDS

OPHIUROIDEA 76% ON ISLANDS

ASTEROIDEA 82% ON ISLANDS

:i:

76% ON ISLANDS

S7% ON ISLANDS

8O% ON ISLANDS

)1

z

o

Z

7'

1

:,

li F jz?i;:g : i=!^:_i'" -- ==-- : t"-7.,1;::i u i:+2,-z.i: l;" i =1,=; !; :a-71;?l =i;alt; *t: ;i?;ti; f1; t ; ii i z;: : +;i=l:?a+Zi: ;-EiV;:=;?18-=t jlx ?^i==l!'7 J7 += 5:: = =7-;= ::1-.=t ;ZF:l:i;'+ =7i+l tt+.:', =I :=r : "l s

"L

it"" "-"'=7; alC-, Zi _-D-?-d . : Z I ;, - ; 2 ' L i '- - i, F -;_o ==;: a+ r,". j :' 2 ? i a t' ; i = 1 3 : t 2 r-,,'T 7. a. i + I T Z = g =, 1;=;i:Z€ i== ; ;; r; i=TEii;i?E;.;i; ;,.'ti aVa u t=': =Ll- :'sli; i i;== =;"i71; i,r. ==r:tu.-it; ? ;

i::s?;i;13';:i.."1==?li.;-"^,i;T-''=ae:< i i?a i' ::6oP 1i e ,; '-zi=;l=7:i ^ .=.t i ' it..-; e;-T:; i=,6 22 :a 7= i,t,r=. ?7'i=":.=!*2-;';l =alLt*: q i:: ?;;:. I 5: zi= '-;'i+ s t E l-;; = i\2!=:;=*; "^i?:.3: -_7ai:."27'",'"ZEi,.L= , i

t : :1 . rZ zV rl i^,-,';; 1 : ; f ;! ; t; I q :Z t i- : a i -': = ! = : +;::'-=:; 1i: i: ;l iz zi! ==tljt:z =,? .'-. _ l= i':i",:_;r; g;u I z:?277i=,:7-:=??_;"r:iil : -..t ji=_= =- _u ,.:= i i c _=; z^,:'-i;7;,, *==, z | ..4 = ;-'*!. Z,'= t =_;_ ; j _.= : : I; 9:Eg;==* +i:+;=l-i;;: ?=_ -

= 10

9

ECHINOIDEA

GASTROPODA

BIVALVIA

:

Ii tl :i,is=!?Z!llzi=1;u1i; t; :i,**u !:z:;;

.=

=

I

=.

tr

=

i - - - i; -

. : ; =:: ; ; - 7 a. < :

=1

a:4t:ic:-n?=

9-::f

-1di

Jr

-".

; \ ': 4 : -=;- = _ : : ; n n ! ; -==o:; =

:.a."ta.

-

: c F-!!3

0*o,

=:>6d;

: i:e3I-= !z!tEz?ii===

r;:

=

i

i

,, rar:

4

;;;aJ

-:f;? ?,;i-'-':

iii".z ._i;=:

iZgi?

i::*: a -

j.;r'='): .-:'=i;L

r!tlt -ri;_

oi:;-'

o

..t

lm

z

2 o

I

AO Oz

z)

a;a r=

a

; omy) zZ;

@ft=

@

oBn

;lr= o!

=o 2i 71

lr<

Zi?E+ ::'-n:

@

o o

$.IJ 9m eFn

@=

7

FAMILIES

i:7ii1 7'._9..=

-i , = = z l:a::

::-77V7;;=:' -**;t5; . 2-Ti=aZ _';=6-Zz J:is: n_12'-z=?iz'--z) = :,:=a i:i,Ti+;:"=g:fr z qqoa=;-;l;:]=1t i:.1*e

::

j:;a2=J", ai;=u=E_r-=, . _:'y.:1_ 5-:_

,-

1'=t.=a :Z; =? ::Z;i +z:.i "tl-A ;-; ? = =, ) =-:'=r761+q3=aip:;i

i;;

--,=-nd;9ZJ' .':: -1;1t-i5.-''"'

=t;

:;I! J'^a

4 =-.i: =ii:_'i",=!lll; 1t='--;; 1-l!:r:! i:= j5 :

::=- r. -.::' t , 1 ,- -' ;, :3 ^. '' = - '

:2 .i ' =::-;-_. - '_ '.

j '.. - ; =-r:i! :: i I i : ? 3 q 1='.==.jz :'i:':7 :, - zi:-.i;;_:VZ?; ==;;=;:;l;Eu:ia;:<7 j ii:s :i"=ii:

--::; l: : 11r: r --:'. -;;.3-=1-99

1,:7!tlil1iii1EEit7tt#ii;iz:2aitztztTrTi

;

,:,1ir1;,tfziti111c*1ili11lt;'!:111;:;El

tl+ii,zE;;it:;!r:,Tzttl+t11t++tl,itZarluE'

:rzgia;a'1llt11.E::'i?E=Tlii;it?t:T*1ii:iil

F

*E

+

-

;

; tl ct;i tz:a:=i

q

ii

==

aiiiiiiiil; rEllFiiii ir?,

ii ;:

i

i'

i

I

CE

*

eF

E

:i+ic?

ii;i€

ii iii:iiirgigiiit= i z:Et?s;air ; I

3

itere;iz.ai*ti i i i 1=t1t'lza:zi*i= uiz=iiti: 1:: +c; i;: I ir r!; + ?; i i iz"1a;i: i,1ft ; 1Ztfu; i i i ; i i;; ;: ?E i ; ; ; i iE + 3 ii i :i i ig i :E i t i iizils ,ii itz+i= i +iEiliggsiiiiii li+=tz:: iie'€

:

"iltiitFIi* i i

:n

i;;

?1ii

A:

: : i?t t?;?:; Zl t ; a: +i: ; t g : : ii z azV I=t ; :-'. -=='1= = a:=-=, * iE[;ig++it:; i 1r€ ?i r ili *;lEz::

i =

=z;iqig :::=j riitzillqe,;

-=i]ii? *

i::;ri?;ilitgx

+

* E+lti::i i i i ii ii i

;+tzes;

ii

i: *ii; iE i i i i i ; ? z;?i:: a; =itzl;=; i; 7:6816Er+X}+liiii;igl *;;E:;E i-;u:': lE3iilF

xE

2,;'iiii; ?i; i ii 1i;4 i it+EeE ii iE i 1?71i8 ii? i:i i iii i i i ii i:!lii3; ; it lii ii? il' ;;E?1i lit Z?7"?:ii3 l; 1: ii1; 1i ; i i: sg i= 1: ?iti : i 3F Ti zl1 :+i

T

I:

ii ii

iii

f

iii

3

i+;+

iEf

1:

i;

i* =!it;;ii:

51I

i II:

i,

3i ""

:iiiai

A

ia

il i* zi;:17:;zt1i1i

i+i;.=' I;tiiaiii {git.?81! t:z;Z?;1;at:ti:*:

n

i:i, it1tFiiiiilii;ii 1;gi liilli lii;iii

:

;,1;:liii;i-us

; {'iii t1:lziii;if gci;;iiFF iliiiu::iiiii

lvl

s

t {;tzile1ti

;:;t

=Eitl::lzliE :::?i7;.!:: I iiii +

Ezt

iE

l,3 i i; i,z7?:1?I

t i:i ie';:E;iii i;iif ii;iEei:

:=1:.:Z:=..tlzi1?; i6; !:

;:

i

i?iiieiEii iiiili 111;=+-==?'i:i=ll i;# : ;11i 15;

:il iei:iiiie: i tiittiigii; 1it= :1i I *g' i ,

;iiI

i iE: i #i i i i i

;E;z*i= :1i1ii I r; :;giY1 ; =t-t1A?l*ei I Fi l;1i

i :! i

r;zti

z;?:l;lr; i;t z=,,2;' zzi

2

ri ;ii= i + 1ii I i' j ; ;; i:i1;IE?"=ggc ;:e' i=72?2a f i3 i {i : iz?i+1i iiii?i:;i :is;iiii 5: : :='i'!?s +;; i:=tiiz t"=l;=??tit+iii

F

t?

i*= i;;E:lA+Aril--

=i

t,

q?i

t+:; il; ! 1: I i,t 1i 1i+ * l i + r i E? s a? i:: ; i;" ry;i i;i if,E

iii;;,

5

s

z

'-

s

t'l; = .=:= ;3 ii;::tigl:F;:; :;=rirf; ,ui;;;;.ii;-l:F =iiii;5:i;.;i1 3i li1;-s i;i;e: iliti6lt i ;=l;= 'i 5i;d T i;: ;$: te ii 1i:i:*;i qi6 1** ;i,iir*3 si,:;i{5 3lr;=r?i 3i i i:i f; ); : il i3li ;rx a'1 3oi i; i ii'5fl;i ila ;l,gliir i i; i ; 3i +[ I E r = iii iirElg'i ii ili;if-;i;i; Fiiii:;i e gr :^i ! :z ?+ : a : ;i I [n :+E b;i .ir = :? 3- e 3

1

?+

gi ?EliEaii;;i eil: gF iaiEil:iEii+i11 z:ii:1:i;!E1:;+:e

;a

ai==11:Z=e7?;7a"

iliiigiii; iiiii

1

{ I e 3 i 3qt = s i;,:,_27I l: Fr 7t:? Hg:iqqi: nq=e ! rs.e.1; :i:=iZ:i:i ; I + * ie= i::l ii: iiiaa+:; ::;c:3q a:i13;fi 1.:I : -=':5ia:gli1iIHi"t=i5'i)e7 'i-asE -:{g,: - ?;! :;? Fg:i: i;i;5;!;lli;s; i ; ,l e iig I ;:

Ail;!+A

::]??tgoo(rrdr!r!wr!rdr'r! ': : =:: g+P i:5 g + 1-_., i I r*

'i A* *i

i\i=51 i' f+++ii= ;'ar:?q=

il1i

Ei;lii' :i i'ii z: i€i+ii;

;

s

r =;:liai* a iiili;g3isiEii;;i=i i i:, i; i e:1iVE: g ;f : li!ii+:;iiia?i;1ci; 1:; iEiEl;i = 'i;i

Er=e-;i

c

o

o

?

1

P

L

L

Lr

9

o

':

o

;

; ;

;ri

_:E E; 1:

rFr-:

;;l 1i

a

t

t

t

I

x_;

:

;'i

:1

\

rF

i 5

d

q

3

o_

d

o_

i

=[,=:

ii=rgi fF*;;i;fiS

=i:i

1

Z

F

6

iil' i;i,g iii iiil*i il; iiig'i ; ii lire i; i? ia ;r al; € r $ H$i iai- i *;r +i:: Fq

i1;il: ?il lisiii I :irl i r F ; iirl*g;:iiiigi iigiif ii; iiigii' g=;f i1:i ; 17= * llyi;q3: Ei:is'' Ei4 iiij=Vz ti7;; : : : i.jF iSItzi-ii E:H;?: i;; *5}FEz i

===

Br;l=-:li ::.:;1gr's €t3;:;i;i:iallii i:.= :\- p F s:ilc-i::i=aZ'. ,!+i t-i + ;F€isa=5;i!;i:

'

:

rs ig:o;,ts ts :. ;
< /, t r 6

l=i?; + :i +

ilii i ?:: e i- I i; ;13 ; t a; tli

::iF:;;9:t-: Ei=;i iF"igi =ztiii ;t i'tFiCs:ii i iE ;:t t:i;ililr:gi:4:iiiil;: i?FE?€':{i:t:;tta:tlia' F 6:e!;i;F i ii :i1 :'s.5; it;i1r1;!i=;1 i :F i€ g j: 13;;4 i tj ;=i =,1 iliii l?ii;;gi=i; I i i: € ig :f?iF =r ?? "",i';ii iX:ii l3;l;iia ;i ;iEF;gE Feini i gsi ii i 4;77i ifiiFE:; :i i i lq iis

l#3:c ;is;t;::: ss;r t i;rii;ai:

iv_s,E

l.=;VF=;;i ;:g5i 1i=: :j = €i l:;'s:;

ieEs5s:: r3e=1,'3; {:u:u;rr; if ; *: a ai *FZiVaie4=t il1F Z-__iE3Zl=ai ii.u.iir i _{ "= ij" ;?;:i;i:i :.=si: i =

I

#t*?

t

?r? 7?i_gtgg

t5

H

;I

i, t ii Iiii

:i:;i i li ii ;Z! ; I :; ; i

:

=

'.il

.=1

T--;;--i;-.;g:j

;z i

=

i * iSi*

; ii5 l :.:o

=

4

,; l;aiitr;;il

rTi;i;i;;i,=

I:::

i:

i

2

v

_

-o

.:i a i"2\' i::i =nii:'."7irji\i,=a:igi =_-.'.= i= :: I i :i:; ;i=+-_1? ;ii: i: 1: =i; : i iz ,i) 3lt " ; '; 5l f r ;: E? .1:; 2-z;:--rlr: T,: :: ' i=a; ..='.-='- ._j: :1:;r;; ti;i ;i ; i: ;E; t;;= .i .11 1; ;=;, ,'=, e:1r-:i ; ::: ;; == ; :'; : ; := ,== ai !-lg i=: ;;;;: ti t ii qi: ': z :)7 ;': i: a oi 9 ?3 4; \; :1 ;. ;; rLii', 1* :.:g :;; --r.- =-: :i:= ;;= '-:; .-r =i !'Tzr t -; i:i 1 =i ti ; i: ; i:;; i : i,, . jlir ir :ii i; ii , '!17 ::, Iti i r :;, ti :Ill ilr Z i,. : a-,' :i :' :: i !1

:ii;;=l:;ti:tr !=;: lf -=t;,;ilil, . r-=; ,t !,= In ll '?'?';"1, lli=tii - i _t i -i.==:i7n .:;i !2'_= <-:rt:lr-.r,! :E:lnF.: =_ .-:3-r: r.-..=':=::?ii:i;!"i;:'.: f -:'iu i::ii, : ;'ri:-':,;

==t
-_1.'=-ll=

; :=, :?+' g i :i *l* I'

- i:=

i1=',1

:i1iirili ii:it1=l, iili'i -r:r;i a 7ii s ; ;l t e I

:;11;ii

;illtiili;r ;i'i:ii;iii':ii ;ii ii1'3i r"€ :i'r ' ,t,' 1:;:;:i ' ? i::t; = iilz:iiii';

:;ii:;:;t;i|,1i;i

.:i:ril:;;

!;=i!-. :-=; ;"2 1V;zrzl. : : zi;7at r, ;+iq-: I ; : : I ; ; z Z =-u ; =i = -;:?:iza:.i: l-a';1j;;=::* =i=21 =,&,'!ii= ? l

3?Jg

::<

t

=

o:.4

o

Y

)i: =o lJ6:

=o

_rd

t=:5h"aF rj o <

a 5::+o vo:irco-O

: LE J o-

s

6 A

o +

:-or-c : o i'=DE a Y tz a=

dLl-Oii.-i ,: + X o'u: ard^o3^^

-?-34f'd JO 5 o

2 i!:*;:

^;6oi!i,.n:

9E --l = ?o =?! _5 o-=

-=..

-,i

; >d ?; o 2 ! 3 c -- -q -vird=.L-

'a=?-9'tp

z

-l

Y

0

V

o1-

a:^)

Y = o^S 6:

t

)' -

i

d; i

+Eai:^!.

E

^6o-!_€.q: 4. -d",i

j a *:q

iicr'..F"l=

o 6 -5 i 3aq \i: € =.3 d:.!cr;i:@!o<-1:5-;':q> ; ! _ - k 6 a5 !

;;g!;EeEE J*=i;j-aej r.-!c.r._ g€{i !s1-B A+9io:ggI

tn;"1<'i2 :a.E-4=1:1;3 jd:a '!.i -

,-*"ae;;-3

r?

3 jZ=. == 74i=a*-i =41g.2:ej i 3c

a

91

.;rl:ii; al%ida'==

'= ;7 !2.'ZA

;'-3=--2?7 =i3-1::.{ a,=2i6a= I = ; i: = " ad-=9=-_^"* oi+---o-:

O-Oc]^

l E

:

n

i : ;l

€ .-

a-

or

;;

i

.l

:

d

"

D

:

" n.

1

-

) i :3 5

,J -

q -ir e > q q 'l |lb ; 3 v) o .'

E+ E; - t : -

@

m .J'

-t

JJ

>I tr= <\/

=cJ --.i'n lJ> z.'E

',- o

Ym

2Q

'Tl

>i Om

=z ;o

Er

B9 (-m

fl<

f !

a)

o

:

o

€

ts

!P z

i

' ii;i

iigi;g??iE

i

;,=ir;AZ

7iE=:;;i;e?Eii3 ler;;i:

iii?i: 115 ig

ii

i= riili{:iii

t

i:;isiii;i

;

:

!

;

,

;

;

lit;- iii =i; 'Ei ii'iE'liiiai z:ii +i: i i+iiE

+giiffEtiiiiii:;ii: ?:i; '=i?=+!r;Egte:i .+!!ti;zE

izTzz;

i:i?=iiiliii:rlsf ti:1;1if ;1* qii:itiilg

' +ii iii:igiiFi

ii ;zt:zs':i:1i E IIi'ii

t:1?aiiili ; ii i zazta: i :3eiiii:E i:?i::i=:3 i

;i:z:;+iii;t;i:ig::igiii:

=.==ia1=,=1=

;;r;,; '#+i

igEi =rtilii 7;,Ztr+

;E

'liii$iii;

,fEztt Fiiii E: ;iEi 1ineg9 ?**iigiEi'+

I?

i itil= 2a aiAii:; i;ii eiiEEfi i:c;? ' iilli: ; iilii li :iF1li9:i; ;ii?q1liille 1E

\?

'ts' z

!

r9*

6=

FE

9

= =:-

"

?7i+;^:;€=?3= :?iT;Tl#"&iE -;'ff2;;3 r:; =a ;i::€F;i392€

h:=

a.

>

r

!- =.

7 1 :.

i sa; ' i

#;q!9=::d:l:

;:i

S9l :;9-e i3Xe:;9 ! l,-, ? o c : 3 oo o ^ -9:47'14.8;i;i = i;?;**7i-_-,Z=

d 5 4 5oo --oe. i- t o-='-d;.;62a= a-t:p6 -:;=-i6 o!.2 F =i2"7'=3-='-= :1;U9:Fif

o - 3 - -:r : o- ; o F

t-=.e;-n'iif dr.==it=?3l9EE =.= ---=i-^o_--i".}P+sJ13a-+-nE:€; i ' 65J I ; 6 - 3E=aI q = 3 a r "1 : : 5 11 1 : + e 5 e3 i g 3--e=--:,&."€!",EiA;

O : 6 € o..;a.-ia'; =-

'.; ^9 .- d ;

?qc:1€3';7Y-:;:e?==+3 -.-'i_oAt i7a=:;'dt a i, =. ; ' - !lXo-=::--6 r:Pq.
t'iaq€5-a'=e77ef:i 9---= i{ i;; ? 1-1 :3

6rl:€^d"YiqEo36:.-99 =---=

-)^*;qEqql3;: =-tr;=5qi?ie=;-t fb=--?"i=536'i;€;z-dC ?.=. r-lar:59*?+

E

=t

3 __:

72

+

ri6 o-

o

1

:;=;:*E;€d3{?: a:aa E:*€ ) ?:9 ; S ;ii:3?:5:*;:= r iZzQ z? ?-"o Srrsda'2i3rFa ;=? P;zt s?

earr-;i;+iiitgi:+ ;egt ;Efiii*ig!;ii -5'E;€rt9ic3-. ;+:a o

E.e3o ka*.= j s:

i

: # : d5 ; s 1 < ' - .: = - -: * - i :. r" :;E&E=s:4=-€, C) ^ : rc ^ F = "" q " - q < = oe6p:D.l:g:i.*lrysa€ : r = ' o Q 3 E - : E 1. ! _ X +:3sBe=';iE:--* j

1.2=6

=-

-:==!2= !')<,+,o-.-a. da""oi=A:.:^--t=.;a-E:=9=3Fg a o oi x = 9 5 : *

d.

36oi-ZE3E_=€irg q+3:1t/27i;F' ?e? : 3 i o 1 I q : ! ; q. : 6 ? P

Ere= p -:': r = 5-o;*--=. = tE=1 Z ;8 =E;=as.i;= {ieE 2 3342"-Al3J=:;dal=* 5d=s n sr=!++?-9_= =i"zaI!l:F*;=-;{d ;;-1.2 9q3;39i: n <=e=:E=9".= _c_a= ,eo-.i99E.a. =-6i'36e

o-o;N

o F -=

€i'r; !"eg-: p

-l

:c

z

:o

o

I

n

c)

o o

-

ol

cl

Iz

I

o

< B

6

-r

="

.D

g

l-

g

rE;

Fg

r;il? i

t?E,i'i?; irEii ;: r;!2,;al;

iii iiiiiliiiiii:i i;iiiliiliii 112?'iiiEii i;

?lactig*: l

:

i

F

i V1:"*i?iii +;;E i;.; 1l i;i : 1 ;

o

I

-.1

a

z

:;;i1:!iiiiiiiiiiiif ,i, ig ,!7!A; :t,:Eis ++r 9;€!;ii* :{tii ;i;; iir i;? ii

::t:;

==:1=11i1iiu

GENEFI

E

v:=

+= :

1

i;

+

z;2? X€:i+;:i;i1::+g: 7a="a ::"E ; t^1Jzli;;L-=: +;Z:a=?{ tE -G <:: )ia; i?Z?E?la;;1iieiris I +2Ei=i;sei-;gai 13: i= =iu-Z-*xt;i,i.1:=E =++I+ai+i;1;+lZ ="i

=.

3,

_

;;;':;l

= ? ^:?-=_;7i;gIg] - ;E ; _ 3.i: ;: I= _:;;=''_2.,;=i:=;i7A;7 ;lil ==i12i=?i;i.i:i i : a: zt,;'= ;:-:j Z =-tii= : E . ! c 6: i+ - - ; ;=E;?i7: 4 ' =? :!:?*;;;€iti:a:;iq : :1i: _- Z 1i;=;=1,7,::{=3{i!43 ;.;= -,,ia'j-; ;i;a= a V'.= i":t. :q i: , :: za t;1lE' i; i: ;; * I eE ;+li =:?:ic;i;:;;li=i i'=r'== ? 4:317,=1?ic;l:; ;;i;

rr

tr

lt)i

-{

x

It

)i

lcliE?il;;:EiiiiEil'EiEgiEiaili:l;Ei =

,

iee;a+E;ii+: i

;iii:?EE:iiil i;iEiigiii:;E i' i

t11;t;

i:;i;ii: z*lgi,;i;1€ iii!};iilig;iiiEi

izI?i iir

;i;iil; 31;r1;*E itEg ;Ei,

iii 5e i: Ia ;; i5: +; 2;z,r:i t ;1;;;; i i I € i;i; ;i ; ;

n o5

EXT

a-

:

=Rv-Ev

.0"-aez2-d-7"3a

"

w.

i, l[

I'ooll

EXT

n-----51 n 0.5

EXT

;a:a;itE1=t7??i i*?;^""i
5

L

E

*+Eql?.'=?{ :r?!.2r?-

:gii i *;1, ^3.;7 "q:i--

aisii;-:a

=-.J

?

EXF

n

or

EXT

:3;::?l ?;:;;f

TIME

'T

TIME 3

T".L

02 :XT

i;

6r=i.;d:

; i;?3x3i

r

aE-zl'?-= 'fiE-f;!Tit

o

-l

i

c

o

o

I

c)

o o o

E

-

o

o

; x*=:i;lii z==i ;; l

':Ea-3-t')t

H

-:iqq;91€ i.zi;As+t ="=XE:\:i:A iga??i3;+! i+E= agllg !

gt:iZEZ;";:5;;=i|;i;i;it E1:?z=g-E3=i=+ ^^.t n=:t: !+Z< ac lt ;ii ;;-No -=0-..^i =-z-i=z

;;A2.d4.:-E3l;oo ; o- i- 9 :. ; - =. ; . = Z ? i:.s!9l,$nEQ"-s:ad

=r. A;i:ilc='i*1?;gs ,1i":i;9i>.i*2_==ii

Escz C:ide3;"9s:-:h";

;s

'7'='ZE-=c

i;:cl ls:?;ii tEa:

B i:=;2 3

.;

€l=i*ag=

-;;e: i?id;r* FEq;: :e-;;'it-

lg;r?

6-E

5E: 9;

;E

ta:3-?E? Tgsl-; B7a-- dr;:ijS

'.1

n

F

E3E3B

: 333

3

6

B

li"

ll

;z

aa

u 5 o

o

!

i:t a*i

:;i.

11

tl

a

11 \ i 2;

zi:

li 1:7

11

li

ll

ri | "'-z l1 ;'l ll 1;:

3Es9 llsE

ll

I14;-:-.

a ll o-.-o

E

€iF:

;tiiii

ig3ii;Fr;;:;, aI::ri;rziiia;i riii r;

;7t iffii l=iii 7?t! l;ii;i: iiii ij

!!;

1r:

;;;. ir7'ir, t!i! =; :;i=; a;i;ii:ii;gi : ; ii;+il 2i1' g,* i , i ?ia: i;rii,: iLio;;-i -iEiir zi=:;i;l;i :=j2 illi :1= s;tr!E-:i=iH::ri

€

,.: =! ;j:*= 'i::5;3gi11.:::;€i::rE:1iii t-;:,"= :;.: n:rF =:'r!r-:rJg;iqi;ii€=g;i+r : ;

1

+

E

11",". : T llp;e+ 9 o l"* t i ;

o

: B : : : zzzEi6Et'7'E;E e: I

oirorol

BB i'6i.zzz""ztEi';zzBzzzi"e;3 E:

:

+++lrrooo+++rroeo+++

E!

']

liit"-

il"

11,13,;:tr;tig: tz='::=ztuiulE =;1E+1i:ii =: 3f I i; = i:,1i= :li:Zi
_a

a,r zA

^= i.l O

i

ao :TH _z r* q>

3'

!

I o

-t

o

z

:ii 1*+?;:13:'}t3iil!$a ;;Fi1ri;a

a

Eg

:E;E

I i 5i d cc55# t

s

'

;a

- ]

?;E;E

P

P

giti

;1

€iii i;ii 1;iir+igi; ;;5; 'i*i:

;i iii! t€5{iaiqltie ?5;;

;i!;i3g 1gi;ei3 ., i*= n: 3 i{!=;l ;: ig; ti i ; i

E

:

;

iE;;Eiif i; i a;"Filail 5Ei u;l li ;li;; gl ?i=ui li I

EiE€i+i;=3; ;

i :' 'ii r; !'iiiiai s;s'i; +li;i ;;;;lgEgi;i +;:;ii;ieii

gEqEilifilafr5 2 ?ii:: ,=1=1iiiiztti'1lli 1. :;:!i= =;;;?1,: o Fii;i E E s*ai;e;€=c€:

??t

€

+ii li+i 'li' 3r*i?a;iliiiie;iigg iF;;Fa+i+ iiie ?E3fl;i:;ii;iE=;€3i? EiE;iiii= 1ie z: i:a;€;e i+!; [ i:i I

*!;i

S

l9i-=Eilzr;,:;Vz::i*;EsF;;f;=aeag' tr

!z: i!Hfl;c;rEia:;itii;lEiE3s1;sii = :ltiiii;it3i+i**Fi3E?'ii?E?;iig ilii; 1;i i;1ii;E*tiEllEgFIli iru'ii;sr lr?E1 E3:;5; 11;:ii;;€:iEi ?iit=i: iF3 *?r=

i;ii; I iE:i3 ;

- e r: AiiFgIrgF,g]iEEj;:; eiesq;:i"lE

-5

9

:,

it

1

6e' '" a

Zi ri

19

"1:

7-\ ?i €; :: +;

-5 ;.:y

! 1?=:--.oo

Y

:q

g f

?:-

pA € l=

5 Ei "a+er iig a

€ r? te;1

a:ii;.ii;ri?i ;;ZiA 3' ; 3', J, =i:n :,2 i 5E

o !

:vr P ils

ja : ;€l g zi ti=tt .zi7 o= l:'.: =:i3 2t- i ;!-3 irli r: ? .-.:. ? ; :6_Eq e2 =Z ls z 'oi4 1-:: :53? pj3i Zjo iZ?-\ r- yz =:Ii Z_ ; : .:: i:: 7= ==i ;" E i'-= _e3q

=l#9"

g

a

i

;

.-

113 ;

2-1 ;; -ia { t.="i;

v=r

r:€1*::3i:1:i=z;e;t+r 7= u5i:reT? F:i;3i;-r{i

lFr'"

t ; :;=i=! v_i:i:q

ii::;:-il=t1:iitf,:j::i!_;Z=7 5:=i:1s;r;'e:nil:?i;.;:i:i;:: i;;i=: igli'or:3e:::;i*i:€*€?13: 1e;::,, Z-l+;;; i,;iai;z_;';i,-a7 lii:ti;: ?i' Eii: :i;1 i€;i: " iE ':,=o ei;i.,;i aiia; .
55 t : F ,2-=?=pira='.rrVjaj;q1"; ..i:!? + :=; =

tJuJ

1 :n 9

I: i;

l,:

;; i+ ;!

i

:

co

ot

E :

=

;

a --l

G-C:-

E

G

i!i; ii 1;: *i?i fi

ur

tiii ii i i +;*i;1; -a

=t-==

2,,t

_i =

g

1:? :'+',;;

:;;,,ii r:ilr=i!? i ?7r?3 \"iii"t;!is; g g 33 :! r :r f i i . :l; t-,i ;z a, ?:1;i,:i:; ilt iii i ;i i; i :;= :"; i ::, ;; 1.,;:i,::i:?.1:ii:zi."+tt =ri=7,;-. 7;:= , :1 Zt ji it.; i:i;?;i!iig'i ii?' it i;t;ii :1?, i ! :=: *i ?V it:i :?iz; l: i, ir ;i ; I i:==i;;; :1?: 11? lE i= 7i ?z:i. f i *5? ryf l*" li=t;r: e =' " it ?: ;'+ii n 1o=;=;1 i il5: , ;1 7)t ii i;1;:1 -'-.2 E: ;; i! * :3; a:i3x: ?{ F. =';a;; -i: ; r::; }

:

F:lini

i :Fi;: i : :: i',:; l?i;;i 1i;=5i ;:i ;E3i:;

i

i* ri;;i'fi;r;3t7i7; +;i$isif ;; ;:is rs :iiir1 i?fi13r;l:i +;1:;:"ii 1 l: gi5:: ;: :i ;F rrir 1i i ;i i*eri : rliBFr Hr i;eri e 3*::;

2?i:;; ;F i; r1i;i 5; ii ti; +: t ; t;F I iF := i ld=I:5' *a==a'e)::-::f:;:;Fl ,-= iig! ;!,:t ta; Pi E 5:;?t== * i =*.,iF;. l;-?;{'*; 1i-

\oooo\c.+-lfJ

l

==::

3>

F = ;PagJFql-

o- -o oa i

o b o

=.

:_

N rJ

^-;O*<.;--

lc

-

=o r 358 6 +4;.'l q; i;: =?i=

> -tr-

t:;

=

iD

$

:

r:

e'5r-i''E;'a la ?+€33ae3g: =:ii*'3fi 7+E;j;;33 i+:a3tIF*

3k

6so 5 r 6T . 3 o o^ o :: A =\< >o 5: 9 F: a i-) -! ! ^riI ". =7 c" -d9piP

&3e-?B-aF

:

< 16

;3a+5 a +i .-;38 I aE t=" T i ;s I&E^sE B5=eE=FIi E==q a;.#: 3Er::81'5 *'dE.s5*e== -7.r;-3=;:o. _iN
3:+{ ili=

!,9;1

:

r _ ; o o

;E:;

36

s a F i = I 3 F a l;3 ri 3 3 € a gi i3t; 5=3o€i*"i;s-ar1+=6 E-z .Q:e i=ga:;3;dai -2=' r6ii 3" 3I Q* =ia * 11*5 5 =d tats 5B: ?gri; *e;3; a;15 E€:: f a + a 3 3 fi 3e 3= d +;; t '
7.!u=

i! o 6 o

2 a=.o2:.X;:.<--o+-6,-:C-::4-

==E: a ct -- d

< ;Ai539a:--t t FJ ni -: r i -o 3 - 1 ,__ r _._=r*1_.i or:^ v j-. ^a ; :r q "; a : 6 9= 5: * E :r3 t 5',3; *g+< 2919 _ !1 _o _ .!ry +=i; = ;_FijP a g I 3 h ; # * a: ; ; ;3 sF! A'si a;3 : 2 nj + D 3 - 3 6 @P ; d : ^ E e F E b =-d = - 0 ; 3. Z ^ - : + EsP = 5 -Ts e *: " =: gi :; l,i = ; Q 7 e ! ,ii;-^ 5r+c, rii-6 s- -; = ). 3 | y r- ; op "siiP __:..

m

lt-

1 o

-9

-l

a 2

m

0

Qd

ox : F

-!

.i-

g

6 ii

:-

.. = t.) J +n:'5 g +a ri; b) ? -'1 = :l; -*

^" Y:OT

-5PP *

d-:E.o E o\'9 ori @:-5 ^. E 9: o,_

c, o6 5!r'^i'

ln.+:l ^

j-'

G

o-;i'

'i< 9E--6.'q G^e6'l''jBgoS :: ' :-P5 i.! 5 8 : j"Y 7B

ttP:=.?uFilt=o

o\ Oo.

o

-l I

o

z

r

=2

:g=

I Jd

L

i.

=7

=

4

6 d-u ^ d - =.o iil =6-.; ; E ;: ; g.i 3 :pLi -:

;;

dq9.

: o q-

:ii:ie ;;71;ixFs i€ .i_pi;r-qt A9,:+:r ia.

'i. q;

=4 ',- =.< -: "' 5: oo-ii,Fi6co - - - r ^ : -l -\2T =-9.o.: - yd !X g 9: i !]6-o__ 2

=-

=Zl

3

' +?a*';+ii=ia+rs;!*; Ji;Er"::liff==r;9E :€ _a 4,_a; 9 9 i+a:;i7 :=: ag3 3 s5i:;":,iE a ?7

3 =3

;3lF+1aE:i4!7;Eel=e i EA;;--_:-;+; 3Fi ;ztl q;:3 JZca=-: T:; *Fb'B-a1 %.1;p SE ; =q :; r F i 1; : E: --o: J 3;s" * i t gltq
g

+ d

= ;;;::i7'._,::;a:4i5il15 3 - f !* 'i t's i aL=Z{ F; ! !=;1; 1i; i

'=. =

:

3

J

i

,I

aqaiES:*.T t:i =i:-? .?i7E;is;#=IlE3Er9 ; 5r :,ifi r3i* ;€: 3 i3"r=3_l 1€=lsESAq;lS::;--;ha' 6 e 1 S' ; d i H 1+ E: sd

,)

3 5 '-r g

E

2

l

c

o

nrT

5> -n -.o 9<

qc) mD an 96

9> n

>-r z6

z

.)om >G':o <-r> @>o

re; T=> moo r;i mr( ,,1.1

=mq m_Y= a<6r '"o_ o-

-l -l =-m tD

f

N)

(D

o

O

i

€

Iil ; i iii

=i+:iii;g;=;iiiii;1ijii .-:-

6

a

; :i

-

:i

=

!

,=

=

: 2

-,

=,

G.'",8:) t

=^,

; I i

..

i rr E :

; =.

F

r

F '-j -

;

E

p;

?.

i:;i i t l;; 214; i l iii

; i r

Z

=I 1+_e :

i : ?1E1ti

i, l:e3;=_Z7i;82.3 ji;tgll+:r+'.t"=:=2,; 1l + l

=

=.

s

E

r:lii-. ii.+: l&E' :=: ; i=6 o2r:T=ti: a=+g r EE "771+\27;r:; €;; :;t=!liq;?i;.';,; ur;: a i?i +i+i::;i ;:i; 3F:i ;:;i'iir:i :ii a,q'f ??',;tii; t:iE frfilii+i+;*i:i :

-,

li:t

g

I ii=ilui=|i+i ;Z:lil-iilti 'l r;i'=:;*'iE i,z'

1

1 -; = :=ti1t ;7?;r __lj' _tz i=,:ti-=-JZ':=?z .i=?'i=i:ii?A?21_;aji: i?+E;' ii+i; f I i:

?t35r?iJ*tii:|:ni;i= i :lin:I:5-=ii:I"Lq = : ; -t=;iiiEt=--l=,,,+ g i;t: I u;il : ;+t;g; : :iZi:r -'": ., i , 1 Z t i ! ; * ;_; : ? | ? ; ; i ? i"" ? 1 I : a ; ,

= r;

l; 1-1;iii i;: ;i i ii : t: i ; F,:iaji;ii liiS l lA i tiil:1icfi!;ii ii :ii={ii;ii; Ii i E:ic: :li ; : ii; *-Z;1; Ei i ;!1++i:;fl ; i? i: i;l ;esi i i i

r

i:ice ri ii i i i; i ; ti;;, i i i E:i!:it;;i;a i:iiiiii?ig : i i

iii it

r.i, ti+:*:, 1+ =

1,1,i

??!1:,;i;;

i:e

j ; i Fi i r : : i ; g ? ?i; i5 ; Fg ii - ; i : i i i : a ; * I =:+ c I f, i=i: E :- 3 : : : : I -' ; 3 i = { 3 : i i } s E i I + : ; i 3i = r; ? g +t i= =t i :i; i l:E e;; i i:a ;9: i i ; +; t i ;s;,! : € ;' ; 1+ E: g

?ii:f

;

ii

tittlfi

!

-;

-1!;

l.'1.-od3 -a-*9''

=1=.v-r

=3==-f.t1 -;'oa--^

- u - < o

-

-Tl

:i,"_-.

?::ji;

=i=S-t i:--;31 =!f ii;i:={al:

6

:o

: a

o

F;6-=i'

r

:.:F:iiz

:OD

i2-1 L;

:>

7

ij

=-

i

=

;

i ,+=7aZZ ; wdi.,-oL ';;el:?s1, 5=:il:a 7 r:i: 1;:: = ;:,= t-72 ;; .=* j;2";;1 =:7E,i Tcg;!i - zlrlli: 1, :=-_e =:-Y .: ai=--; -ry+a

-:!.-24.,c,'_

=-:-^=.4

:a'rliE;l*i ..--.4+"o1.;!<

!-=._; j,'a7 ?? : 1or -3?

:*===z;zqF,? 1):X:-*i=I

=:=:-_=<-\d' :=i ;:,-

=',=-ii€:i;-' )L7i; := -,-=::

=

g7. > i ='' =- : -; : i -.E--'.'.:::: = ::+==a'--J:: ; -"-:;s=3 "" 7 ; 1-; : i :. ; ; a c r = = = :-. : t -=_-g'=:;.:j; ::=Iqj !j*;1'; I " z - =-.=. -,7-fij, t;', 1;:;:-;; ; = -.;-= ta ir,, E*aept=f -:=; - + x = +t:-=; ;"-;-

=zl1:+gii.

+

ttzz;;*:++ziiilii;l,z{,1ltttii3EiiiiFii 1i;tilti*a;;rtzi;:C V?::: +;ii' ;i icii::i' i iizi?t l;i :i;;;F!+ii +iitii;:li

lizti i F i ;t*t zl ;:i ii i i i€i i I i i I i

i

z

o

U

t.

fl

l

o

o o

lz

-.1

i{;Zziiil;?git?',;i,?li:E?i;tZi;ii5;9;;':il,

F

:

r!

t

^

96.

9t'

a7

!"

E

i3 -

6

!

;

I

";

:;

3

:

1:

Po ;,

1Dil

j o

9. o !. E + ao il

t

o

!.)

'q"

os

ofu

9

"': !a !

O+

:

*

o+

+

o

*

+l

F! **t

o * BA*. o oo_

'+ 8o -q)

*8oto *o

o

+

z

I Io

:D

j z o o n o j

I

n

I

t

{

;'

! z

:

It 6

o

o, i> os

-tn -z no

CO

re

!6

11

:

t-

.t

I

';]

ir

't

t; :;

i

.co

L

L

s

i'i

^4.

:'&:f n*

*i

iq

::

rle

j ll: S: d.

3

tEEiFiF i i i i I I I i e' iEi iiF

i??1:\:,r;;

:

;

i :

I;7!t:sni

z- t._--;Z"r;i1;?"i1 I f ii;

;:a?;z:

g

r

=i +;: ; iE

=

e

ii; ;;lliiiz' iizi:a; i ; r::;:;riri as5:i1|i3 3;+3A;q

l=7=:,1+a:!Z+ :l? =zi:^ti-

Itili: ii11 t:ili: i; llil;4+;E ; :

=,; in1i; ti+t.:i iti-?it=1; 1-=.ls;;

c

!

i; i:zzi=_z ":=EI ivi: Ft:tiii= -=:q.'.'

; i = =; =t7z g I i'

1g

7

C2EE.:;i,; li:i;a; i

i*;;; =a'.'=. =i

= :)';.t ==t;f;;

-= L.. D-? =.:

'?= =+',;;i1Z aiaE*r zl = i i;i: i: zi=i.= 1;ii:=rH ;?'=a!t* i:.;

!

: 9

?=71?3: :i+E,: lig;i i *\ rir==8fr i E-EZ = : g;i;?i:?':;= ;f;Iiii ji

ui:tl\il; iFi i ii

; i 1zr_+:; i r I I F ; i : + 1a€,; ; ?

il;; i; i g

r ititti El*il q i i; i i i i s; i ;z iili llr i: i l'ii zitziiiiliiii ;iiiii# I iiiiS;'iqii+tiiii

e g

ii *+Zii+illscii iii;i; ;?{iiFii +112+; ir : ;i+;?iii:l= il iE : !=iV:=?i i i ii t i * i ezili; i i +e

r

;i:i' i.r:il

s,

3

1:7,

7=

= = =

i:ii 1:

t

;t:

=

7=

rE

=

=

=1

-\'=7;tel;-*7?.2:ai :lg; T1i7;:-:; _i€--":d:: - : J € z ;t + : .1 L= i i : : i : 1i i i _ a ; i : =E ^, ^ 2 '=i;7 ri ra ?=7-;: = l=B:;li4 l = 3t +.. I =;i i 3 !:; :l; = I =11 a,Z:i7.-:: ! 5 i;;; =iu n::;g = = +-'e;':: :4"="--t i; r =*"-=='=?= gi:;:-i ?-V?=;=\?V i; 727=: I=: + -=! agli * b

T= tzii)==:Ei =';=T =: a iri=r:3;t3; fc +;=+:1:1E1;:i|=ui+l; ; ;='z=;i1s q J i I i'51 !: c-; r; i;:,i.i';! 17 ::.1 ? o-q o_iz"t:'=? l j a:.,,-7 ; -" 3 A='-V ''-Ei: 2 7 --;c ); =n= Za '^ t:'_i)

ii: ==a:-*d=)7==.si

'. 1.=

;''-7'il =;l; z:; i : : ;A??::: ;aa;i':jz t_== j li ;'_''.7 1r;: gi=; i+Z:;!!-;:al;gi = ==-,_=='i71€1it z_:_ :, ; =;; i :7'. 1 z -l == :=.?;=i: i, r'-? ;7? ;:il7: r=:='=!n "lV :.i 3[;l;ltE it I ; jZ:;: r - : i ; o t i; ?:::;;! i +ta1; ===g; r-l t -;;9-a+---:ii:i=:q zi l I : ;-: -'-i = = ^ == = = :.'=1r? ? z ;t : ^ :!'e ;' :=3'' ::; : :?2'; iz: ! zi-: =7 *; t; ; i+l = .- =i <17:::l z a +o.":S:-:rl€ : ".1 a2j =;ii7.Z:7: Z i E;?=:ii;,ii;+ ilii+liv;z7ti1 sE :: i: :-''1*=1zz=7=;?==;1 =

?

;==*;{i?z

.nF t: ? 1lE zi:" ; ;Vi {7,. oa +r }27: ; ?Fi -" ''_=1== _-" -==. = =::r=:Lt-i? ;,;1+i = = =- ? - = i? 5i:1; - l:=_.E <1.6i':i.';< I i- +i's; "li=L;=.i=-2=6 Z'., i ;_:

;i=;;=;:= ;)ii*:' i'tii7z

i;s1:+ ;=_:1:?i:::E3+! iT ?fi+28 +.i!_*'=i * ;i'=ie7 1:i tt; i ig ; i r; + i !'ri:;;tV ;i;: zi--' n irg; =:z;Z:: ii; a I iEf =; ;= i : =i :,='Et1i =-::Zi2

;

=z

;:S,i: ; ll :==: tz===- i; zsz,.== +=; ::i: I I ii;i ii; ?7,;i;iE='."2;--:51; :=iiE: il; i;== i;* ==!::Uiig:I:Ai

='-

G

? ? ia Z=L==I? _1t s raVli 1+a 9 i _t-;7f i:= :t E s 2i:i= :'ii?.2:31=;? " 7 i; i i c =;3;7?:;7.7 =i=_z:94'--==_ ,l =; rS =";iE.i?7 2 =a;Li=-=q;11: l=*-::'lr::i!=,8 a :r -7u.;;tAt1:i jZ i i=-ii:iil :=t;i;Et =i:74: = i: : i, : 4 i r z li ; ze ;:g l. z z': z ; = =;rE = :'-i ? g g:l : ?2 le= F'-Z z=;r =i F=l;i; l: t:1=: l'- : " =; ==, ;' it ?:-'=-*7 + ; : ; i : 1 ; +. : ; : i i :=:. iE i'==i : " i i i ;;;t ; : +q =.:: . 7?,;=,;t;=,Zi_=r-7 ?"F2=?Ea I r= ii: : ;u;:; i i Izi:t-;-=;=L:7ii;tiv i? ;? .;-?t? o Ei:=17:_:i-=!la1t:; ri=!: ; :; :; s ai ;i4:1i a

I iIi E

:

+

i

z1tlr?tii

1l i i I

g

i

liE ilss

iiiii3 iiii

I

i

?_t:-r=t|i,l=!; ;ilci3= :l; -

Z

=:

ii

i +il li I ; ;+*i; ;:3 l: ;: : fi: : :g+;:

x

+:s 1liii ili;1 i

""2':i!=-^tLi Tc;h : : 1a1: ". =Y': : ii

--

= ll;i;i;1 ii t: ii i7--izi!i-i =t,,'t ii 1: :i.7; ?=';, l= i -7

i;Zriiii::+!iia:

i;l: i

;; i? = ie' a: - :;l: ,*_=.*: J==i ? :=;:+; .,'' =*ta:=,i

= ='-s=: ? *.4;j.I= z ;=i-=iT;:t=l =- = r.=''a =&;

?

z

c:+z: iiii;i];i:c; ;;:;:: i it i; ::'=+; l: * zizi:;l il-; 7-1n=a=^;4=Z==€,==iZz t i ;*a ;'-it

F:t1?:1;;i5i

=+i'-=i

i

:l+:;l;+:::; i =o^d-:1; =-;?2"=e;:=;;i?;= r;TE;=.zc:;;-1;+i7+!jgt;; tilzi ==;z; i: Etiz2i; t l; ; ;;: =:;1;; 1si7. i: i= 3 F: A;;i i:: 13;:t

.:, i

:23;1:;'=i5l r ; ";-l)i ";l =a; t! =,r,!er..' z7) :.i;=qtE5;

.=,:?t7: 1:i?ai1-1 :=ii?i .,-=LZ.: _ .z :.=15

i=:,1 i -.: iii Y= ? =iZ1ii?==_ === n:rdli";:iart =:;,i 1==: i::;:'t: e; iE::;a;*;1; r 5.rtar 17;.a; ;:1!:=. = =1::;:'* ;-1?1:-i7*F ='::a;,= o =

i:;iiii

5;i;

iiiil # i+tt+i iiilii ;Et:lt

ii: I

i

i ig iir i s 3i i i?i,rit4Ei:

!{*i :ii i iii'ii

ii : iiE; I i ii;

iiE:ixiiitliili€

i ii 1; I i i

g

111?zl

F

i

=s

u

?

-;

;J

;: =

:;9

++

n

:

a

-c

9

6

E_ q

-

or--o-=..,-D =_i.2:.i:=.

n

=

:

l;f:

: T

i?r

iii I i' i;ii

i

s-3 7I : 2" A : : ip- ":- T ;r =+ ; ; q

"=-

;

.";;-'i=i:i3"6: --.",'re3;+: i =!-El:i:T;t r. tii;ili';!li=ja, z i:=; iI ;:ir7z; :i tI:r3r; r,:ej.;??: a;Sl-;iii;::rrti i dr ;:i;t 1 1 :;i:ii '.I i;-zz?1 !- '"?2: ai =ir 1 i i Z: i r : liii li i=;; I : ;?;i :

: i I itiTi

;+ZIr={1!

lzl;l1Tit :?a==.r?:

i=+==!d= '

iiZ;ZiEi "1==!,,s-=: i1;E!1ii; li€aE:;i i

; t€'zii i ; ',i',,\!,t I i z:lrii?tti; = : i:3 3aF i:i\1?1i i1.I11A: ::::uli;:'r i'r i= i=Vcxi;=l Ea11=;aZ e!-p11:f*:F=.;:5:*1 z;2i-:; a; ; g, Xi +; a; ; ; Ai=;'^iti i":?7??:

4

i;

:ir!?

iii ,!;:ii:2;i:ii'ti1+: ?; It zti++;z,i Z; i e i ;' I i ! izlti * i :-:?1=,z:lia; : iri j'=iti+;i,;-.7 ;i i I i l?i t+;\\J;i;i i ;*Ei iiff Fi

ti)';l

1

;7ili 2 Z=izi::iti *ii-11=1i=;gi'ti;?;ilii 5 . ;z =-:; i lllil-=* :i 1=:a +=iajai=-:l;i +71"-ii : : gt i ir tlt ii::;;211i 3i ;-=,q':r 2 !izq;;; ;1r!; i =i?^izA+=a:::;E=7,2g:i?; ;;r1i: = ilt?il;l : E?2;a s \llvlEe i :I:Zi i;; :1tc,:i?iii;?; :

F

F-=

,t

o=

=;-=l*

g

r; ;

;

3;

l=r;l;ll+:!cii

: = -= "; =-=.. i1-;

=.^

=?

=

ts

e

in

7

I

3

l6-

eE-

-i o I

;aL

'rH

-'

3 -o

:"€

i:i I ;ie: \i:;{ ,'iTi?;i li:i;igi :iqsg i;ii;Eis 3l;;igll ilri;ii ;;a i r;a: ilt :3r3 :Ee i ; :*i gi 1++=t s-riFsiaq ii=i?f: \z?= '53 'gi ? ;;;1 :+ 5;l E ;i{ ii iat=Z s?"it},id i; ;?;i ii; '? ii:: ;r: a sr; s; =,$=e =;+g1?i; -i *ii i; ilr i$ 5:ii iii i ii'i El' ilrt f I 1 !: iiiigi;i aaiiglS+ =i iF;3 E;i i i= I ig ;E : ., ;A 1;i + g ;t;llF i ri i qt r;s t ?5 3 gi :'i1 8 i €qlF;F i lF ;r Fi * * F

i? ; 1:iE1ii;1gi:;iEiiii:;i:i:s;i: =J;iiaI5-=g:i 3r::! I::I =;1'' ;I{t= 5=: =i':;1;;:9:5: E =g j; . rgX; i;S.sii r::nl i*qf;l:"4E irf=f;i= e.E ;El;ii3 1;1

i

--;=.-q

:r-:

:

::

a).

^7.= =

=A:-

:'

-J

s -:

F !"

o

;

=_o

6

q9

.-_ -:. -

=*-5 ! :: ? ii o ! o c - :l r a !' '.: =

ir=a6FS:+s.ii*i a= - E : 5 ; o- + o a

X =.:.-

e.: :;T i-:

-:

= Z.

'; .

::

n J .r:j 6 -: I J ; a : -6o =.. t - 5 d :" ; I-_ -d 9 c ! F * ? 6 I 3 I =. - c .r&r=ne*-+9=l

fii

:;

:

= 1

o

"

-

^

tt6 --;:o:=

a==1 J; .< ^-: 5 :- = ; o =I ^ 2 L e = 3aos5-F6-_= =3= d^|c. q4=.233;;

6 ? J 5:

f:

:S9li=;V6=?qii(x .=

xa.! =6='-=--;

,1?'i*B_;iiiibqiedi-l

-r^ 4?..ai =:iiEA:-E=,:=a?? ?.Y ii eX s'::.*9-.

=^-3 _or o

s i!

-I*

Is =i: :i';;=;iai==-s*e ist T-ts*tF-&!4=E?;3 'jo_;i;=i"3 J;+ . :=:af

i. 1t

-1

:.

1?i1aaiE"-;3i71= Bil= "u o'n : + ; :t a : : !: .: : :r -57 ; 4 = 9 P -- " i I -: 2 - ; : .-=i-E*:; = =. I?x 9alr-;:se .: , -o f- oa , y = o j =; L?
-a

l:-.

zi

: r.;

ii" :::

'i

v g C .

z

"!234=+i=;eg;"id:23: ; -J_ o_a -o-_ j i:? c -: ; 6 : Y 6 :: ". < *" -a =\<: ,:r-

li., :::

.

,_: -,- i

=,,; -:..

-=3^;\t!.?:Z -:

r,= .,-="!;g,sq€=g;Ags3 -ci - 9;-=; q-,- 3e=-a t s==T? 9 t,tj: +BZ.:i *5-*: d I _: . _ :3 7 '--='; )..1i.-=6: a

::=: _.:-;el '.a'.--=j=:--=-:*e-:=L . --" ,'l-:

s-

.Z -oo oI

.)< qC)

-2

SU c)> aTi

o-o 9m :t rn

J'.

U)

m =

=

z

iEs

.]-L(,

t/)0=

ob; mmn

-

;*i >;:

^U:I'

a;z>

>(/,: < :'o 612

>=m zL< D>; z, ctt ;

o)

o J o

Fs

:i

;

-

-

<

-

-'=

h

=

=

-

4 ,'

-

@-

a

:

:

l

6e

=:1

T

1

=

; T

qi ; e

'

#:'= .: + €i

1 Y g.= ':

?t aj

E_3 ?=

-<= -i+j, ':=ie-

=;

:iii

iret= -.?7il

: =: : -=! f 2|< = :;;''; o =2" --\ l'_t;

=-! ::=9

-ii\1

%

?.

5'si;lF +;aPii? i-EBi:T=Eei3Ei", 1=:.';":1{--z?:lg2

A "

!

il

?

=

a

::z+F.a te:ii=i3=i;{ii

3?=,2?iI

+

B

li:;lr? 5fE;ait".!J11; ;i:i:;i; zz::r j: t

3

;;=_:€lH:,;l: j I: is::-1i.: , af€3;:i Jlr=;3::Ir--qae Zli= 'r"e=:d=rr i 222!';:i i-=;3:i=;;4"3- 3",

{Ji<;"= -2=:a=? =i9Fi29:\=Z?A'.

cZiTi;=giiq , ?iii=i: r-?;;:;;:iit;!11 +Bairq: r;ig

1l=+=Zi sa{ii€t:ge;:;::

1=?t:Z;illr;ea:1ii;zaz =i"i?saizi=,itai:;iit+5f iF:.---'-= lZi=1i!3=_€a=;'=.

=:: .47."38_="? !15--if i=Z^-_Zv' -.; ?=-- --=F\!^:?;+li:lqs.

-; i f:: i; J *;a; a i-i: i ..i; *= ==ia=4Zz -z e:7. L'iIe;'-L =:

= : <,

I =i::;i1-i=ztt=|'iijl.=i;E-a': ! i.Zl;^12){,i:rsi:-?;qt=:ii5:3

=

?

=i!1t :*t!:+till:i i;+l?i+:Z:?il,Zi ; ; ; ; \ ;zili+Ll ; ; Ei ! ; ; i z + ; 7 i i : : i i _2+q ? 9 - ? -,;1 " ": i 1=. 1: r 1131 i. : lr;,: = _,: : i3 = =i= = =-: ;i l;t ;i;3 a1z!;i:?;i:t t=:zi+721;;'; 1 ;t ; ; :lZZl;:: i ;i4ii',t=z:i2:z?i?Vilt+iZ i;;2 =i ?7.:ji\at 1t : ; : 7'="=ri i : :",_1iz g ii12 i::*Z E='=ii +;=;l; gi z'**7i "aj€;1+t;:q?'ui=lz :;;-iZ ? =11

:i:ii j; :

^

7:;i;ili+;ii1;=!\?11{7,.,:Ii:littiZL?Z'{tl:t;l z-'--'=f 7=:E==lzi:=Zi i Ie t-7;i:tZ ai.,i-t-=12;3

:?:;: ji;: l; : *i i; :!z4izziz?1;=igF: t;;q= i. 1a :

!

I

=.!

: : = : | 1I E l = : z: t , !? :'=t ;1

;

=

+;

u

it :T;zt;i

-'

_

=; =-.i E:

_s-;-=

t

L

=-

I t = ; == i 7 i = ; i = i,-:= :="?t, zl i q i: ;t; i_i'7:i.ii = @:: Y = d2 a2?1H:.:.-"oE =;ai'=--..:.':='-i*'h: t ?=F rl.si : 1' j [J ? i i ei i t i ;i = a =

ZiiZ+;72+'?=;ii'.i :i.;i; l; li; i;; i1;+: i .'r ;= :e_S,A= ; i

,;

: :I;i

;!'1

;?:

F + i + ;i z I ;1u='oi|il :i;-:.;F:! q "=I iI

a!

: :'=

; =,7 ii e;-,i.Vi'=?;1= a +di i i E=t:'

:.Frij =

,

.;-.: .,I;"t7f a.i,,"

1l lj; i;1:::;!'? =t.ti;i z'; I - :., ii - !:,=:1 :''" F '''t - I , i : ?i=Vi ;: ;l : : i : ; 1;iaz

1

? -=:%! 3; 7 Z -,_l

I i r:

e

z

*,i\

Z

i lqt"i73-_,= i; a; i1

ii

:?7u.?

Li

-

t

! i;, g; e11r_ca :-2=- :+'ii'3 ?t =1 ^=,,i"t

t;

1: -=+11iziz1s

1T

i=: E:= =: +? gEi; ;; ;1:q3

==j 7=:2;?c

?'==

I

o

=

z

.J

i' *nia:?E ; i i=a :7, +1t? "

a i =g: ;l ? ;=L2i::; =:: :z liFg;=Zi;g+as ii*F= ai 1a7?,ii-zii 1i + a \*Et+

I

:g

=_

?

=,;lzitf i Z?ZV;: ir r: lll r : ;a: : :l:Z'^z??a-?2 i 7 ! ='i;; j|=za r:;:ef ;!2=;,-!ia7 a +11 ;E,i a .77i ;7,'Z 3l=.-t.g=:?2 gT ._;;=;E ?i,:, I 1; :r t. =;

=:=?V-7=7

.

' = ; -: |

=

_*1

:

I

,

'B3d3-i+

rii,;=-=Z?'E-.

:2i7i';'

:::E9l?::i;

q

?,tsi;i1=r ; ;;i I t,1z:i]= i7,:ii: iz1ztii ??1:??:' ; 1i=r i ilc i z'"_tiiii? ;==;=+--=i==_Z lizl^+aZiai i;i118!i tz+i i: i i5l i: i;! i i;?:iz=i :€:;r-.,a.i?; inz=j-i-'-!l;-; !?ilEvv; 'i;:=1i1vv-1; ,7,t;ai;72= ,

i;=r;1-z

z,?

:- T,iEEji:?' ,?i:it17i:7, z1i;::!ii:i: - .' il j I X1ii!:ii: : ; :r:iii-.ii; I

-

==

F

r er r r e

*;;;iiiiul+i*-+'+F+

; ii r?liiti +r*ii ;; aa f ; ; ;i i i i i :F i i

*F Ff+r;ir

3

a 5 :- J s

=

-.r

EE a:^.

-9 ..-a = ;-a

:

u

o

o

m

:n: =' .

-r 6

-.' 2

1 = d,-

=4

zk -

i;." ;6-> :?l -

.:=.!?

-= ?-__

ta

;.J;';t*lli;*r:.

; - - -..

33399

FAMILY DURATION

5

1t za

r -I i r{

aqu6l ^io*o

1

!

aaopbioo66ob

:

i

r11

i:ouL,uo

=

oo-rq,b.Lo;uoF{:,ouo

ou;-o

_

:

a,v 0

=

_

o

"

:'

-

>ob!

-E

= a

_E

i.i.

- -

F ! -o-! -'E

ol

-

:=

]E ll *

sl
iil; *l t

i;9 i'1:_:?!=1. :+i:."qJ=ii-"'^l2=cr ; aL 1^: r - i i - ""3::"="=;ir =, F=rI sll: ;':i 3+ i S'a!,.

4!

i==:23 qF3

<:1 '_ -r

;" 5:;,!;;. _:,;:r;3:.:;;;*_;-

&gsisg-sesbgas-s-:ga!-i:r!:Ex;iB:\eg:segn:s

ffits+;

ii

i: i;

I : I i-; 3:= 3 t i F€g,lg;:Eel:e53ri i e i : i r . Fs i s i

:=

n

o

6)

I

U

z

a

= n

:-::::

ITI

<

a)

a:

o

o o

_

!

f

UNI

:.ri

== -€;.-

a

i

o

+[;;i

4

:! -1

B6

<3

J-O

-.jr;i

a;a: @>zi

.2=a

i .,J;i aurrc

:4

D

I z

XU lc zm a'; !

-i =-

.se7

3,i>t

f '-l

r=;9"Q

PTgPte:;

=;; d:'-'6

:\,

-o

=-47 =y.

=;i&Fg

t f :-i g =

g:.;i.=

i i;iri;A?9

;l

.9+:

-<:

;i: *';*ai :;i3iF==F li; 2*==:7 ;!5;=-;?? :t; :i--

. -!,

?'=2?1= 2='nz??:t Aa=7 -t_t=cvL =a=:o13:{ FI a:_1 7!:3..; ,==^ ;==l=a?= a z=,??; ;:=

;+i

'-==

a-.=d':=

o

oJ

-:; 7t;'=iZ 2i;4 =:=l3q*?: ,,.:L i:;il: -:'-6 ;-: ^=a.a ?z'l1-I 3'JsB 'r=F.;;t:7 ''=E=: j isl:::T5 i-=' =-7 qso--=a Fd=-.; -*E o":3-+€;: I

.a

!':i2?2--a.eZ9 ,it =-_=:t::;; pE l;;; ig= s.S; =r=''j.{i;q..3:eE1ai ;== :+li1i-?"-;?:ii1 i;z _ : ; = m 6 =.= = ! '':6 -o . = . i 6 '^ f -: i c, = " 3a'=i: I i qE,_+1E C ; : ;;; > r-8;:'-r= =.= 1=7 !?"-3,9399 r!i E

=.!=.-L=?-=iji_a?tsN

:74=77:Fz=rE"='a :=<-a.3av--_^tt io:-

=;-=1!.i

= , 7,= E 7-'i,.'=;2. -z i *-. ;"'-':' -- '" ,. i= i. ?'-=^'7:!oE:-q . " = -

'=--a)=-c-:fs:=i,

i€

a5

,.,*\' z c;- 6 :- ;:- o s:! ,9- >i -=.4 . 3; z

:-=a

l: ; m< o d;3 r! zE-# z

i--

5-3I

3's o-an

1;

.!.

z

T

o

:

o

{ a q o z o n

Z

n a

\

;9; r=: Li2

a-o =-:- 7- r : < e ? ";

-ft =J. 3i-E 3-4 I9-.. % : i 'c

A'::' ;-= :I -"! .o* E

-d,-i

i: Lr-

<=@-._ , a3-

1!"=z a i'=:r -i!: o-- = ^ A'.'it 1a+A>'

ii;3

d77a

,3::_

9

;;;

l'

! l:

r,

tt

ra

m

c)

2

h

i

I

O

{

O a

"

o

=:r3:;=;i ;I ?-ri>i=;1'rri=i:7F:=l 7==?;=g1= -i -==ai:niZ .?E=i2z=t :7:F^a?,;;t:; : i:+;1!.:1i *il-1=7r.= :; i ; ti'=ac1--iri ;==az;Z*:=i , ,=i:;i*zi:::-Z;ill;rr J ; i_ :: i; i a; iSizii;;? i:

l7-=z;i€::_,:,

--?';7rs=5 l;1e=i^t;i;;) .=?t:'.4L.-::=. j."E_< 1a;;

2_

'=

Z===:== E?Ez .: '. '- .< - 4- .-s;=f=tF 2. --€--o? .: .= ;. _ '== z ,.= ; _= =- : s i . | , z€ I= ;= = L:t) e :: *=:= aZ 7l7z; ?? 7 !=?: =t a =;;e i= =;?';==J-3-:;z ;.-i ;t i;E?A?TeiE:7;=; ItE .==:,r z=?;;==i+t:; ;;; +a7?Z' ; i ?'- ? ^- .=?^'- ? : :B 7,-=7 =ii2l; ?_._ _-*: ?i :3ZiEi-:."=?€.fi . : i; !----1':t€iA:t?=:=1",=*Z

! ;

o ! \, r -:o

<

o-

a

;

-n-= von= <-

k z"

-,c

o

- -:=;19 o..-

;{.

= r,e.=q .a5*rc 9-"4? ^-a: o'. ia^ B&= : _€

:: ,)

o

:

r>

7

--,=_

! u

?

=

rz

>

c7

5

."

u

^) o

a

o

-

()J

o

o

N

o

T:$'

rl.r

(rocn

z

I

o

! It

_t

o

=

z

o

=

o

I a z

z a

U

))

p:

L

2 2 L .-

=

-:iz==18,

_-ls;i? .'-a?--,

=

1.=!=:1. .,--!=

=

-

:

.

c! _-e

=. -

E a

=--.,";; .-!=-

_

-='=r

:1d?;lar+;=

l-;.:

7

i zi:

il

>i

n

= n

I

?4

ei

^

2=r,1 .

0

=

2

o

;

z> az po 7'r77F 9

x <_-2c ;a"t= ::1>:

IS

>i

F

- z-a - J:

PERCENT FREOUENCY

::=;iii"N'_;a :A=-; 22.=-.;=:;72 ;,'==-

::T:,a==; :.: -;,:. -1,'-r=-

-o -

Z?-??i:?:zi;;?;:1 ?7ii,=ai ;z;1.:,i=;47;: {= i: a., -= '.ti::;i ;;::i=;, !;Ei !;rF: i i=,7iii112ii v==ii,. io; 'r?'=i 7.i,t +"i|r --;Eu.?; a?1=;: ' : =- 2=i )l: i --!I: li l,E?; !;:-=;7= ;ZZ;Zaial i:i: ?zr;r

i====-r r?qz -=V =';=:; ; ; :',i1+t !!.=z

?i?:-l.:' litiart .;trir 7i?;._:t tt;t7x_:;-::a ;!eri

+::i:t9 E ;gr+'?-7-:;:E ;=r.'? A iiti:Zi ;i; ziz::lri i a71zt; 9 ++i+;il rg?ii"ta ii: n7.:=\=6-'-

tirr

?E€

i;*l1ai

iI;

;rziiliiii;; ili ;;;;il;c

i lEeii

t iEl:l

;

a

l++zi i iE izllii: I 7t1li1i=i ; it 11 ,

ili :sti;: iiil;itETtz=i?;lt; li !z::Z | ::,i, zlt+i t=l i i r;:i,tiiliit r?z:I,xielti i

,,?ziE:

:=:;t:; ;i il

':1Ei!=it?+1,2,,,;tzii1tt1,1!itl1tz1,flit!

' =t:t=,:lZliii;ii: i

t1tllIzziz nttil ;*+!ailzz'F 1 : i

zl+;*!tz+l=

i

ziziii;l;iit*t*t:=21i1:iizllat:illitaira

E

litti;f ;iiiii ?E!i :i;iil;E ilE*tiit+;lrir si :;iii:l li; ii iii ; ii i!:4!:ii4ai1l?g;ii ;iE ;

F

g€

F

i

x

: *

i :,

: :

!

! !

i:;ili l;;^'rl_ ?"=11;r;:; :::

:3

=ac

a

*

"

r

g

+;i?eg 5 i q g; e g

j 3

+

ili; ;:l :i';=lllq 3; ;i i'1:;i1 :l ill,

"

li : i ? iliii ;ig; i ii iii ii ii,i 5;14 1 zi;i i )1 :! 1 E tig ':'iiii i ;ij i i: i:tt I =1 ; ;i li; i+sa i a ;' ?i li i s iii i :z iiq i;: -r 'i ti i : :i 5 -.;' g iig si : +l i si i r;+ q g;

,;"i;

;;i : r; : Iii :: ;; ; .=)'=E;i"". :.i

: Iiitl i ii:€iiAl i'i: ii;i' :i;?:;55 ii ":*ra+;il ' r;i- iiig i:i ii;E9i;3i ii i;,;:::ii ;n;iEt;

.i2=

i =:r= -=ii

. , ;='= i

5<

::i

;

'iEi;i*lai ;i;ii: iiii'i ; Ei;igiixi a;iifia:;E i iiT'z1i ;Fiai+ti;i iilie;riA ;+}?i+Ei;i

3 Fi :liaisai= i;i1'$iX1;i 'iI ai;:iii;?+ia 1 ZZg ;!!iiu=: ,x= € ;i;:', ia;fg:€1E€i

'

EV

i iiii: a

i;;ii i;rii

u ii;;; ;:82

;=-7i

r:--5s;11::"t3

E1;=i-ri,i-r+a"=72 z::iiis:iqii.:,6 ?-*:7E;:ie :, I ='J t*v;=q7l:;'2 ';€T-i=[+;tuii'

ri tilrgii=ts 3 = i ;iizti;:ii r,i::: i i1 a ; Z

? =

(^ =

.1 z-^

.= 2=

zn

.:r;2 .ii-!

-*9c; v.nii_-

a

3: ei;: d

iv" !2;

=

-

=

^

o< ; s o -: '' ar = -:= a;oa3

r-:-6-:'ci_-

E f i s ;: ;=. i; -;3>t=: e: i1-: EZq -; " -::.-=:

Z?=,iI"i;

LL

a:;=;es6j : ; 1 31 , l* I

a

'9--

g?2;=;q53: (,

;=-;-ds-!--an^

<5

;

=o@;

t c

61

as ga-

F:;;1;3

=

r:.= 3 *

-l3+

-=

;::;€ -=-=-j

=-:e; : ? '. =.-

3i?_3: E,^:^:tiqr-g iq;€3"'Jzi? :i >a l_:";rT:ixiij€= aZ :;:gA

34-4 ?.:? E:r:X:i;31

l_9_.::.:= -

;? 3T-3s

+F

o : o :l .< =-r:. = -. ql;'Di !':. Y. |' - s ) 34 7 f : o =

Et="S ;iir:

23 !

a .\' =: 7:

--.1

;3:3;€cihs = ;; ou :<:.<=9:f >( ''+i'+.R,E =

a - = a 6 in: = ^ _. =2-2^a-a<= iz 1i +;6;6,; = ?* P oP ' c t = =3:.=,*-X^:sogii x: D =(j; "d;15

.=.a=.9SC"93 3s 7=a=--E +".: aO

-6

el

!1.

C ?

6

o> qi.n

lfir

o9

-l

T: I

<2

0!

H=

P>o

z= U-{

>rD

,J

-E

:E

f

o

a)

: +

cor

-2

h

,06

!t<

i1 .

:J

> (,

F]

z

qrqo.:.e

J o9 : Nr*

< >

;:15-: Ci.!6 :1 ;5u5-;

1-;?;: ';

=r=:;

e6 Li.:P*,

;

= 41,+1*l t*1*!E*i

il::;?:t

=

;;;,

=

il;;;Etiii

=:iii:il:;i

i; :

i1?i :i:Via= iz , i * i r; =: :3 : l;€F :;izA*ii 2z:?a- r: E =!;zi!i e?eiz;aii:i+ r:+; ;i : E: 1,'iii=?i|i7i; l,i*, ": ;

g

;t 1r+'tV:lli i1i:E*;7?;izir 'zuTet;iti

zi"i::??ii ,.;iii2z!=

;.!:iilV+i

==

,t=2zzr:Zz

ii;gyl i ;

ir;E i : ; i * a tTiz' +i !;i;' !,;a?=22 ; : i* ii1ii=zt ii .11=,i2,;iiz zi:Eei::i;.i ;ii: i; 5i

=t;iZ2-i;

-;

,?7ij:;:n\:ti 1 ii1 ; :i i:T2i ;ii? i if f jaI i1!1i r, ==i=LV z: tl= ;':l= ; : r ! ;i'i{ I s i i ; lilcjla=1:?il|llagii; nlti'

r'ii;!:tzlrilfi , {tii

{;c=

?:u'ti

; ;;:i ; l;;;;; ii isii eiil1;ii=i1ili;ni :' !i,=Zrt; v{;-1Zlzi

il,l1; ii+ii? ;:{l?izj"?;iz+ii 5: i i: c;;:, iii= ;+:i;l ?,,?1i+:ri

: , .-=:=: *i1; z; , .1:=1t==

s

:31ei Ej ;;t:i1ri??iiii;.i

>St-:1

;#. ili i.:1;^!!:iii;: i;tElli=

:18:; ;3l:u,z3r;,l

?*=l:77=

s "a

--'

E

e

i,t= ,; : :?i 2 ;

iz

.: _; !

:

-:':

i 1r i

i;i\;;;5 ;i

aa

z

N

=^+

r

"i3

e

7;?i:1:a'+::i?lsl

q

sc

$

=

: :i;lii;+=iil j 3;r +: s3: ;;+t:::Z \i?Zic-;1 ?iiA1li i lai',ig;: i? +: i i 11F a;:+F-i; i; ?t: * ?:r?Z+:zZz"i-:,=

q i:ilE:E'= i;7?z;iVia +: EEliiizt== iZ 6 r:4Ei*-p ::e-,i"^E "'rrE " ; +?ii::+r ;+;^!,=*F: ii*;iiir^ E;5ia!E?i-=-:+ i

;i; ; E 1: r I *;: ?!.,

-1;? E;?izt1; *?il.=;rlu iE|{lli?ll I i

=

aii;;!:; ri =3i:iil?i=EiZ?1+'{ti:a6; ==,= t 7r 1i=i 7 ,=7iii7='?=)?i'_;E=+=ii?E==111: ?-=+:==7li:A;;=ia; :=_= +==J;=iii:;i '; 1r=Fi-t: ia :; t;E; i 1 ; Ti; i.;=Zq_a"Ei =7 i=1 -; "= =::lqg;€; i;Zz:; s: i;=il2€ 1t?;1 le +-,=. =i

i

==

=??'iVinli i i r: i-!:=*E; = 4r iEf :;;-Fl:i;i;:;lis;1i;;;;;;Ei e; ::: 32 r=? 3l'c i 7 a.,;e;V:la j i,"i}ii:j'cg;i ; A f : 31i: +:; i: ++t;i= 4+x+i:;7 r&f E 2 _e= r?? tI isZi-ciiz=E L4:;z = j i i,1i gi iE; i; *i'"4ti; = ==, i: a;1; a? +i:?;;: ia?= as e i;;i5i;;ii;F ei'?= 5?;: ;?i;;lel?is1:ir i;€ u; +? rs; 13 leis -; i'=:??i;: i;: :E:ez;=;l;iE;i li: i-aig iZ:=i;i Ei.=z'*;+ ei2=E 1;ir:i =_i€ $=E j 1g1:i9li€5gi :;le;:i :EiE :1i ;l : Xi 1; i 3 +iE ii t1i€ e t; r i;=;; i r,ZI _*i=i i=_E-=; ; ; q 1; a i aiFrl ; zj ;Z +;Ail -! = in :, 1i a 1Z ; i ii l'= z; 1 + E ;;" i r=,11 i i t= i t r i ; i i q 4: i ?: 3 : 3 L Zi_=: g ;:; F eu , ;;: * 1+:;a *; ;s;;;* 5: i I a; r i '

5

q i g x 1S i +; +:i7:t;i; + Li:"i1t i: €; 3 E = + i i ,ii?ii1:;a;d;=; E;r 3;:3 ; 3=: *: Z=t;*=:-s; -'i*E = i'-:a7 ++q* 21=iI : : i :F-rt s a, r*":

i

:illi:;i;

I I fii;a i: 5 ;t;q; inii

o = a€!;

i

o-

E g5

alb

@

i al6 ;:i

; ^ - 5'! j':.;'9! ' v-< < a -ra> Ed;FJo59g.-; =6':

odfiTa'ilaaio

3;-; ! 3/-=.i*64

'd3="5-l:t2--d

xoa.o+:*3-5i q g q R E B'*. a F 9= o * o '" 3 6 * E .= E ?E =

C---;:eAC<'6 -uo:v-(!!4;ioo

^i!
i-3:g=?;2+o1o - - q -:r q9 3 +5
";**-;o-*-* t-,;:'o?o;*6

;;:'fieg1":?? eGiSs-4;;;5;

.6-?a,t.aaE,-ao,E:?l:t!J-:tr:'ui. -.;aZ?5^.9:ia@ ="4-i^='<-.:=

g 3 rE!

;;++-=7a; o +_;o:

+3aH;i;:asEE ;o-i5=p,:3'3^2

EE?ld*=a-=axJ i9 +^:9to:'=

2A=Aa=<X:rr!o-ll

I

trl m

o

zc) tc Iz

c)

; :i'i gi i i ii ii i; g I g l ; s

ii;;i i+ iisiir; ii ii=i sii' ilili i: xi;; i? i; ii;;ai

5 ?xl5 rs

a l s; e

;: r 1i9i +l t ;-i2f4? az ;:soaic ;i;r

ri !il:=4 iH z _zE:A i :;1 j1:l ti;3:e:t"s?= "i: :g r: is:1sE,-a,:i3:i:;-a;';: ?3ie=sE';!ril;i:- Iz- :A€:=;="i:i: = a :1l; r ii1:qv; 3; i{i;=i= ::ti

F

s_ 7 ss1 FrFs # f f E f E :F:3el€35;E5gi=Ii :r3:;'E3TiE:fita: ;

E=t )

>?>*:l>>

:p

-

lP?PPP>EEtEE

:-

,j---

iL:-5

a!u"e

=:"...E!.::ts!;;_"i= l;t; 5xr:.1 =aE=- ii- o+,:".| -: :t -:-::i 3f3.3; LL:.o-

:. ,1- p; ::I--=-:n l = ; i ! s5 IFF ^ -:-.- -_ -

hoeP

- t,

'

o

'J*

aF

s: E : i::

F-:e*

,"t,:E:e

:-;X-@e:

:o

i ='-'- ;- F -*i". ss I !- = ;i ! J-,-1.-;!.di-1- -

3

3 " Ii

-

-

3

-:

d1

-=at; stg-;" it*=3 S:-

?

J ;*

d

^ r:in: =-:_I =. "- -;F:.. L:-:

i i -

=2.

.:---==:===ilte;.;: ?:= .11;::6;-i=i +g?F?1?+F i iFgi j; ; _-5i: p i i ,_x;r;F

====z=====

X

m

2 o

I

o

-l I

?.

a

E

i

+:

t

a

g

s=Fpps,s,@,,@F@c

; i i i i 5i I ; a;

u

!. :-

-3

.i: :j

::

;

-d

-T

L!

{ :

:F

$ F'

3

.T

!i

lP

:

3

:gi!u

r.;::i

1:+::i;' !* .'*-:a- I 3 -:H =-5_*_':E;!I*.""ilE-;;!";;b:-,'.; r$-i*5.:"p;3si3;3:.;:!F:3Ha"a:5i;5-i3r !l*=.: eg . "s* 3'-gr;! E; *-:E ; ;"i . ^Cs[;;"s;.-

;;!!=:'; :p:.Frr,,: .i? >6-i ;:;-!:;--.

7 a=;jo ===i-r \::vo4:-.-_o _= 4.*A
=

' :

a

?

g:

I

i

i

J

oooooooo o ss* FFFrtsrI E pp??9Qo8atea? g s j-o j z z: ee: =n;=::*-+1i-11i=1=;=--= *';6 .; ; [; j.-::E .-a .--;,a= * - FoL_r = -r j; = 5 ,_ I 9 i ": j 19.:_-: {--oo a L i=' €,1=3;: =i==,e,s.= -; s5!E"r;;9i:-i =; j:r" u1i:2s!::; 1 3

-;.---p

::aaa:)a

;3

=

q

r?:rii3=:::1Eii:il;^!!!;it:i:ni:ii:: ::lFti=:1:!5s .:--icarn=iE; lnx;_5Ers-?."--_--i=,"_::"1.t_:qn; ,.L @:-:'pa_j, -;{E":3 P ;i-i-J: '!!irs;sr Ein- i" it; -E*Etff!.:=T:-i=sE.! : L E!';=.; I! i9,H;s n r - q :p e= s"i ! ; s sd s g.E . E ;:Es t^ YN --

s-

?ail € ?;3i?i?3;t ?ttt?;r3rrr3r? ; F F i P i r : F + 33tqi i i ; aar : i r ag i ; ;

*si

--"i;F;:I:*:

ii: ;

i;

:ix a:"

P9_ gx8

-

3 .o

L

n $

;y

:d

t"

-

3

:-; t= -?:;5-=;-*.E-- I .t-Eur: "5.= i3 t:; fliu "-*tt"-;"Et--_tF ib'.:.F ;;r F i f :'F'3*: i -': " ; s .3 E g I :F; 5I: -,Ft a i-o: H : I; A : q-@ E5: d

;a,::\:ts *n;:d;?a/

E

;

3:3 i 3:3: i B ^i - o -;:1:i-': - l o S _ _l ,-i'E. i'}''<:

^-:^-:^-=^-:t::l 9 9 C 9 g 9393€

j.9n__;_ i^: F ." 1 p y .= _" : a 3'V ,., :!; ^.€E>^ir"':F=::r-pioSl:-F =;i"-E!:-i;f n 3; l:*iFi:^ r';: .: 6:.= ---ol-:'5 @.-99-r'-pd6, :"-_ ;;A:a : --!";

:

FF77 VV7 7 V7 V 7 tr q dtd x6 tii -:o =G ^ ^ ^ 3 27? At t ! E i.i i^ i ; ; I 9 i 9 3 ": -r 3 L L = ?. / . a d >:-;t"rp?i-=

cao:5ov. =7

i:i ;-:

;i .:P

iis"-

s ir. '$s"H

E:; ;C-t:i ;:a is

t! 3-

-B 6 .

!I

:i

c\

;F-ib

!

i

;:

eo:":

e

;3 : ;iY fn i! "

,f!

"i;*i 5 .;: H ts;[;

"!

=e

s^;;3 xF i5 ;

-s

h

:

q

s

= E

;

,-9

hts;;-

!-

*

:x

=!-oeo i-C:-P- = *! -ss:-;=-';;s

f'3:ilFi

{

F <

v.F EE i.2. Eb

-'-?-

>-

i; a :i rF a g- 1d i E i I:fo= i Y I :-=

SKsrrr

SFFSS'; oLLii:F Fl.:_ssri x;HFB;":

1

.s

i:-5.:4.:i!"9.I-r epFFFcFiF:p

q66.t,.

.F-sFFs i!;i;

I

r

s

:

;-;tgbti: E :isiFE3!fr 'ttri:*riri ;*;ii;i:t:s s ;; flirl :s "E oE 3 ;€

i=:A-of

.f !;s-!*bs

u a

uLLLL-- - -

l-s$c,oo+\oua: _y j: jj jJ_e_ef- 9

96.???"*"" *?*??f gf ro j o o =rr ==rf 6 -p=: ==7:L-rlas----i?i?ii.gffffffr -i: ! i ; Ei I : : i ; ; e r : ; : i i l+ i tzF _ii: i : * i t :i i €.o'ni)= i ; I if f .s i ;; _ _ !'! ; t ! ; ; p : : : Ei l' rp-?ii;:3:j=IIii;-F*K*=-iFFF.a =

'

:

_3

6

-=-*o=-$;:!i;iig-1" s-; ;s-"c"5t-5;F9,,:: ;"3-!fI:i._:;; 3I-:5i:';"F p ai r-; ;!;c *DiA)i l: 'a ;=g I._5s -; ; ;tid8*; -E'f!.e::6-:-^!a';:

FF :7?7 tF?d 7 d 7 d : 4 F 4 . 4 ? ? FR v - - F F F e F .>t zr: -F vr Fa F6 a; F-a ,E'E ir i.€'' t -rzEZIE z; ;;E E-18i + + +t E-+ ++ + ?13-= F - r r i i ; ; s.: ; = e A i B l: i ! ; i ; $ t l F I i i I + i : i F r s e s: l: n r.ir-rF99eg9;; ? |.7e<^F .a1rr'-?!3u;::: !., i--',i -a \'o!doG@s' +z- = :-;!F,q c--! - - - -;,iiFrp;LFel;:n>'i' o. v :c =-- :' -' - t 5 i 3 ;'' : i '^ 6' ! 3 i 2 E o ; ! I :-:.= = 5,. a, * %; yr-x-:'j:e

-

- 3f i',J u r

ii;:;zFiiSg*;== ==78;FF;Fr";{Iggd ji;ig?rqi;siasEr ?????3F??? gg88e ii€t9FE;34:o:E:sgrgit::;:ii=+e;q i S i * : !:; i i . =-2 azi ! ; i: i: ; I !: i I I I: : " A l i i = i : i s:: i { 3 : rrE-_b-: s_- _^ -_-iE- * i.-r.,3 =i;-=_9.-- _'"=-: is;-5!;:=i i,l5 i"5u=xFq5*=€=IF.it l._;*iS;gA '' ie:l; -

t !:i

S

A

ii:ir A; ! I;;"i!l:i"ii1s;:n;lFl;.;r=i--z=z-iis=:ti=.i;F-"i=> = "") " ii i-*Fo-i:-: '-;ri;"r,"-"-=--,'
67€6.=77=!7=i7.zK7K?555=55F5FF5FF<=<33<<
tsltFla

:-^

:l ii

: :

:larl

!latHFlFl

!*.! g l

4€€

Za

F 3

i:

:

I

!

:i s-qs

G-

s.-

i.J -h

;.

.'G :i

gY3::;;ee

\b-.i,;d;.1

:-

::i:::.:e

i_6_;_-_;6 E.o

-< 3, 1=E_
t6

3 ;

3 ;f 1tr:."^3 i i .: !: u:; 1: 5 I o ls s u*: r=19 .-;liJi i-!1. r; <-

. +{

ts ,i

6u@:-

;.i-

JTFfi

F :

'

iH

s:;

si=;=i";';;;=:"; l-E 'a|' ;= ;;: F r s i : -t"

"

::ig lIYn i:;;i;E.=iii:; rti;-i:;6- ;; -F- P*1. .- - 3 -r F=i; I=i"*-;ii;=Eil,= f--aE=5.!..i_. =s-5" I

i TI

E:,id

N_-

i:

:! n 3 !:-

!:. 9:

-:FE:!;ti :; q.ir ruts;::l S i:^ I {; :':'i i -.i.:; ?: -; ;- ? !:6

q 3

:i-:.i :! -i

}!;.D J5;Jff a\;+::

:

;

n ^-; 9 'tr

?. =Jo !"
r1'13 ai:t:5!;-5 eie: 'EF+i*FXq=14SF;;-=; l ] ;3, + d3 s L@ _ @ { o @ \ z.-i-_:;3 ali; -;r ;8fl i ;i,* = .

€==

; f [ :

E.: .s : G -P r-

E

n--i"! -*; -rs'' *9=3-=I.itr=-jo.3p';y:ts ;f s":s'i"i-; ; E .3 :rE^:- ;H: -t5'= " ;; Y-'-.--* t5g .: ;i ; I :E!

€<{€{€€

= ;=;rgE: F F * -F s s .;I S;rs r

E'4';'

HFl-la a-Fl tr*trtr T=: 222e?.3 AAe = a+;iE :( ai3?*FiEFsEi;+ ri:;:€Ee:e: FFF:iiiiliEgiF114 "<-ri;;: P*;._FC -g; ;lF 6 Z Z a\=;-<1'=i7 z^i .j-.1,'n;Fi;'-iIi.

,l-l-.t-t-t .-='€' ,l

c

r

t.

a.)

t +i

'

? : F'i;

5+

=

a\

r==:3i 6:rr ^r3' -,, -;::i -;:;1-3:: j7 i:.; ]i si=s!; i.?=i": =5 ql7,Z7'sr Zi3= : e 9! -: g

i !**= ?i 5 ua F-;; :"5-.i i -ft Z? i!93 =; V = l="" :a 2 ya =:: i = ' t ; !; E : ' oi' i= ==i" z-=

OQUOA '=:1t: ? a a=iili; i 1T t: *agE:;! *:.E !'r ='.'.. . -==.:,-7,.a =i = , aE= i =|===-:i'; i l :€ [?g; 7r-=\T '?"i: !i;r*i ;===t= : i c;: Y; t ? i+ai '1tt" iET i: !:::it g:-;

=.

=i .zi==-.,r,?-,=2,??iri:*rri; ic rc ie: r ==tf ?!*i=it ;il 1;:iF !i=i l3q :i*l+i i =:;i;,;i;:i ,:-=i27,; jl:€: ; Ii-.=;:: ;; € :?t i3i:*i ;:1i :" :tl ; i t: i- isl il i ;;; f-ii;, ::i: i ?:c- E i' i:: ,3 z.*z prrgE i = e i-3 5-'=i A C iil 't;"':-;sE*

X

o = m

-J

L m

co

U)

'

*L

; I

-

=f *;

a

ooo i'i'i'

- 6L@L

_-1

p $i:E,i

j +E{

o

a-1 ;

i

i:;

;"

:;

.^^

g

si"=uj= =

Co

?,

€€?t ..iity?!Z??€Ee - !ij:; ;g?:.:':-34?-?i ="..-i++ =E l;i!il:+.iE+?ria'r;ii 5i'?i iti?-:e .i:' *F :;qifl!l$:: :i;i -_ i:97;i;is!i* i=i..4'=4."-&a :!- ;:3i <-L" iY:t*;i*3_:i i Q"?i-;=: :3 =\ i* iFii .'= ?'! 1 ?:! *=i-l 3'ii;-!ta: :t'5s?:i" 5l +" '1 i: =ti* I s s l=;E;":;;;lt t":i-:ii 5 i = 3" =r ; F: ; ; :l; z *=i _ H"s-- Y T q5 i i{' : i* : s;; -' g g ; y . ;\ i;

_i:= =i_2, qt 1;i_

€

FssE

' ?r^.l2^iFii;: :='=:t= :i?i:;3-E='=Hu$s 3:;1154I;i ia* 3 ii;'_!iq; 1it j i i:+':=& lBi=;3s5;ii;: '-3pa=:-qtji -7 -== ='q = -r .=*! 55 a,:Z- s;t-;i ; '5 a 5!85 i: -l,:; : ; ,it . -5*?a !: Ziz =-;3 =g ;r;" -od:i '= -5s.:; E ;='g'

:-t

a

;

2

-ir-='" r t !;r--; i - 1

T F

.;ae*==,=l!.! =a? "zia: :r:_:!;!iaii?5: iii*r3;iiii:r;!!-!5:j2?7ztZ:\ziir F;:=+"4+"! :i;93 d

."

.:-- :;a 5;i3I :iiti si !?E: j-: --=.€ 5I. ::

-

i.

+ ri"I: q!*i F E o

i:::-1;i | :1i i :: ,4 g'

f9€€i# rir.-

= = i=:: =-= != !:=.=! = aa ; I Js=FF rr r r: = ri:==:: 7Ea'=???1r; !Ei;z!iE::aat9;4:rFi a'4ar'-iE'Iarl:" :=:I= !'=:7?Zai;i-:=Z; t?;'=:i?'?: "-hL3F' X:s,i3!e:?;i€ssE;

j

; -:

t:3 i:-:" ;*?q

=:

v1z F F

i;; -i-i? J1:iir=i 4rT-2',) 7:elt --=.ii6r =:5:;+: +!:t :=2 AT! :+ii';;l :=i€r3 i; {i:i ,ai ?:: ;;::'i'F ;tii- ! r;i; r_-:y i?"= z' rii :{a;-i_.i

: oiI

Castro (Profiles in Power Series)

Read more

Speciation and Patterns of Diversity

Read more

Selfsimilar Processes (Princeton Series in Applied Mathematics)

Read more

Geology and Settlement: Greco-Roman Patterns

Read more

Selfsimilar Processes (Princeton Series in Applied Mathematics)

Read more

Hitler 2nd Edition (Profiles in Power Series)

Read more

Woodrow Wilson (Profiles in Power Series)

Read more

Geology and Settlement: Greco-Roman Patterns

Read more

Geology and settlement : Greco-Roman patterns

Read more

Genetics, paleontology, and macroevolution

Read more

Genetics, Paleontology, and Macroevolution

Read more

Patterns and Interfaces in Dissipative Dynamics (Springer Series in Synergetics)

Read more

The geology of South Australia Bulletin 54 The Phanerozoic

Read more

Diversity in Engineering (Compass Series (Washington, D.C.).)

Read more

More Surprises in Theoretical Physics (Princeton Series in Physics)

Read more

Fuzzy Logic in Geology

Read more

Geology in Petroleum Production

Read more

Paradoxes in Geology

Read more

Indifference Pricing: Theory and Applications (Princeton Series in Financial Engineering)

Read more

Fractals and Chaos in Geology and Geophysics

Read more

Geology And Environment In Britain And Ireland

Read more

John Austin, Jurists: Profiles in Legal Theory Series (Stanford Law Books - Jurists: Profiles in Legal Theory)

Read more

Diversity in Organizations

Read more

Cultivating Diversity in Fundraising

Read more

Patterns in Permutations and Words

Read more

Diversity in Organizations

Read more

Cultivating Diversity in Fundraising

Read more

Meeting Diversity in Ergonomics

Read more

Diversity in Organizations

Read more

Managing diversity in organizations

Read more

Recommend Documents

Castro (Profiles in Power Series)

...

Speciation and Patterns of Diversity

This page intentionally left blank Speciation and Patterns of Diversity Bringing together the viewpoints of leading e...

Selfsimilar Processes (Princeton Series in Applied Mathematics)

Selfsimilar Processes P R I N C E T O N S E R I E S I N AP P L I ED M A T H E M A T I C S EDITORS Daubechies, I. Princ...

Geology and Settlement: Greco-Roman Patterns

Geology and Settlement: Greco-Roman Patterns DORA P. CROUCH OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS GEOLOGY AND SETTLEMENT The Gre...

Selfsimilar Processes (Princeton Series in Applied Mathematics)

Selfsimilar Processes P R I N C E T O N S E R I E S I N AP P L I ED M A T H E M A T I C S EDITORS Daubechies, I. Princ...

Hitler 2nd Edition (Profiles in Power Series)

Woodrow Wilson (Profiles in Power Series)

PE2360 pr.qxd 31/1/02 12:21 pm Page i Woodrow Wilson PE2360 pr.qxd 31/1/02 12:21 pm Page ii PROFILES IN PO...

Geology and Settlement: Greco-Roman Patterns

Geology and Settlement: Greco-Roman Patterns DORA P. CROUCH OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS GEOLOGY AND SETTLEMENT The Gre...

Geology and settlement : Greco-Roman patterns

Geology and Settlement: Greco-Roman Patterns DORA P. CROUCH OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS GEOLOGY AND SETTLEMENT The Gre...

Genetics, paleontology, and macroevolution

Genetics, Paleontology, and Macroevolution; Second Edition Jeffrey S. Levinton CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Genetics, ...