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02 __ Maßstabssprung. Vorschlag zur Bebauung des Bereiches City-West in Berlin. Entwurf: Jan Rave. Beitrag zum Schinkel-Wettbewerb, 1960.

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03 __ Institutsbauten und Hochhaus der Leipziger Universität. Die Bauten entstanden auf dem Grund der 1968 abgerissenen Universitätskirche. Das knapp 150 Meter hohe Hochhaus (Hermann Henselmann, 1968 –1972) wurde 1999 zum „City-Hochhaus“ umgebaut und vollständig verändert. Die angrenzenden Bauten wichen 2005 dem Entwurf des Niederländers Erick van Egeraat, der unter anderem eine Paraphrase der früheren Kirchenfassade vorsah.

04 __ Die planerische Beherrschbarkeit der Welt. Otto Kohtz, Hochhausstudie, um 1935.

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05 __ Vorbild: Mies van der Rohe. Baden-Württembergischer Landtag am Neuen Schloss Stuttgart. Entwurf: Horst Linde, 1961.

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06 __ Vorbild: Mies van der Rohe. Ehemaliges Druckereigebäude des Süddeutschen Verlages am Färbergraben, München. Entwurf: Detlef Schreiber, 1963. Zustand 2007.

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Nachkriegsmoderne in Deutschland

07 __ Vorbild: Le Corbusiers Kirche in Ronchamp. St. Adalbert, HannoverLeinhausen. Entwurf: Paul Wolters, 1956–1958.

15

08 __ Vorbild: Lever-Building. Thyssen-Hochhaus („Dreischeibenhochhaus“), Düsseldorf. Entwurf: Helmut Hentrich und Hubert Petschnigg, 1960.

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Nachkriegsmoderne

09__Die sorgfältige Handwerklichkeit von Gerhard Graubners Schauspielhaus in Bochum (1949 –1953) verdeutlicht stilistische und personelle Kontinuitäten vor und nach 1945.

Nachkriegsmoderne in Deutschland

10_Um 1960 vollzieht sich in Graubners Werk der ästhetische Wandel zur „Nachkriegsmoderne“. Schauspielhaus Wuppertal, 1963–1966.

17

18

Nachkriegsmoderne

11__Bankhaus Trinkaus, Düsseldorf. Entwurf: Helmut Hentrich und Hans Heuser, 1949 –1950.

Nachkriegsmoderne in Deutschland

12 __ Vorbild: Lever-Building. Haus des Lehrers, Berlin. Entwurf: Hermann Henselmann, 1961– 64. Aufnahme nach dem Umbau.

19

13 __ Vorbild: Lijnbaan. Webergasse, Dresden. Entwurf: Wolfgang Hänsch und Kollektiv, 1958–1962. Die zweigeschossigen Ladenzeilen der verkehrsberuhigten Anlage waren durch filigrane Pergolen miteinander verbunden, zwischen denen sich Blumenrabatten und Telefonzellen befanden. Der Abriss erfolgte Ende der 1990er Jahre.

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14 __ Parcours durch die Geschichte. Wiederaufbau des Kölner Gürzenich. Entwurf: Rudolf Schwarz, 1952–1955.

15 __ Historische Trouvaille als Kunst am Bau. Wiederaufbau der Münchner Herzog-Max-Burg unter Verwendung des Renaissanceturmes. Entwurf: Sep Ruf, 1954–1957.

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21

16 __Symbiotisches Verhältnis der Zeitschichten. Historisches Museum der Stadt Hannover. Entwurf: Dieter Oesterlen, 1964 –1967. Ansicht vom Leineufer mit Stadtmauer und Beginenturm und Eingangsfront an der Stadtseite.

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22

Nachkriegsmoderne

17 __Halle-Neustadt als Postkartenmotiv, Ende der 1960er Jahre.

18 __ Projekt zur Umnutzung der Kammstruktur am Leipziger Brühl. Entwurf: Bernhard Tatter und Christian Kuegler, 2006. Situation des Altbaus aus den 1960er Jahren vor dem Abriss. Schnitt durch das Projekt. Entwurfsvorschlag für das Parkhaus.

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23

19 __ Anschauungsmaterial zur „Archäologie der Nachkriegsmoderne“. Postkarte des Dokumentationsprojekts www.restmodern.de.

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20 __ Zerstörung als Thema angewandter Kunst. www.abrissblock.de, ein Notizklotz des Berliner Grafikdesigners Cornelius Mangold.

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Nachkriegsmoderne

21__ Schimmelpfeng-Haus, Straßenüberbauung am Berliner Breitscheidplatz. Entwurf: Franz Heinrich Sobotka und Gustav Müller, 1957–1960. Im Sommer 2009 abgerissen.

22 __ Abrisskandidat. „Bierpinsel“, Berlin. Entwurf: Ralf Schüler und Ursulina Schüler-Witte, 1972–1976.

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23 __ Transformation der Nachkriegsmoderne. Konzernverwaltung „Dorma“, Ennepetal, vor und nach dem Umbau durch KSP Engel und Zimmermann 2004. Ein auskragendes Tragwerk, das die Kronenform des Firmenlogos aufnimmt, überfängt den Altbau von 1968 und dient als Aufhängung für die klimatische Glashülle.

25

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01__Rathaus Rødovre. Entwurf: Arne Jacobsen, 1952–1956.

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02__Städtebaulicher Rahmenplan für die Entwicklung des Alexanderpolders, Rotterdam. Entwurf: Jaap Bakema, 1956.

03__Hansaviertel Berlin. Internationale Bauausstellung „Interbau 1957“. Städtebaulicher Rahmenplan.

29

30

Nachkriegsmoderne

04__Wiederaufbau der Alten Pinakothek, München. Entwurf: Hans Döllgast, 1953–1957. Beim Wiederaufbau des teilzerstörten Gebäudes wurde die Grundstruktur wiederhergestellt, das Ausmaß der Zerstörung bleibt deutlich erkennbar.

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05__Bebauungsplan für neualtona. Entwurfsskizze: Werner Hebebrand und Ernst May, 1955/56.

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06__Plan für neualtona mit dem zentralen Grünzug in NordSüd-Richtung, 1955/56.

31

32

Nachkriegsmoderne

07__Verhältnis von Bebauungs-und Besiedlungsdichte. Grafik Mitte der 1950er Jahre.

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33

08__Strukturmodell für die Bürostadt „City Nord“, Hamburg, 1959 –1960.

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09__CIAM-Präsentation in Otterlo 1959. Die Abbildung zeigt die Konfrontation unserer offenen Planung für die Hamburger „City Nord“ mit Frank Lloyd Wrights Utopiestadt, mit Manhattan und mit der „totalen Planung“ für Magdeburg.

10__Ossip Zadkine: Allegorische Skulptur zum Gedenken an das Bombardement von Rotterdam durch die deutsche Luftwaffe 1940: „Die zerstörte Stadt“ („De verwoeste Stad“), 1951–1953.

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11__Christian Farenholtz: Illustration zu Paul Hindemiths Kinderoper „Wir bauen eine Stadt“.

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01__Akademie der Künste, Hansaviertel, Berlin. Entwurf: Werner Düttmann, 1960. Garten.

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02__Akademie der Künste, Hansaviertel, Berlin. Entwurf: Werner Düttmann, 1960. Gesamtaufnahme.

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03__Crailsheim. Kriegszerstörte Stadt und rekonstruiertes Zentrum (oben), neues Verwaltungsgebäude anstelle des Schlosses (Mitte) und Wiederaufbau des Marktes (unten).

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40

Nachkriegsmoderne

05__Mit oder gegen die Geschichte. Wohnsiedlung in einem Vorort von Frankfurt am Main. Fotografie aus der Dokumentation www.restmodern.de.

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06__Mit oder gegen die Geschichte. Paul Schwebes und Hans Schoszberger: Entwurf für ein Geschäftshaus Knesebeckstraße/Kurfürstendamm Berlin. Undatierte Montage, späte 1950er Jahre.

43

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07__Mit oder gegen Geschichte. Brandwandbebauung an der Lietzenburger Straße, Berlin, frühe 1960er Jahre. Aufnahme aus der Dokumentation „Nachkriegsmoderne in Berlin“.1

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08__Heimat Moderne. Siedlungsbau in Berlin-Lichterfelde, späte 1950er Jahre. Aufnahme aus der Dokumentation www.restmodern.de.

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09__Restaurant und Dienstleistungszentrum „Ahornblatt“ auf der Fischerinsel, Berlin. Entwurf: Ulrich Müther und Kollektiv, 1971. Zeitgenössische Aufnahme. Den Bauarbeitern des Palast der Republik diente der Schalenbau als Betriebskantine.

10__Vorschlag zur städtebaulichen Neuordnung der Fischerinsel, Berlin: Verengung der Straßenfluchten, blockartige Umfassung der Punkthochhäuser, Orientierung am „historischen Stadtgrundriss“, Brückenkollonaden. „Planwerk Innenstadt Berlin“, Stand 1999, Detail. Mitverfasser: Dieter Hoffmann-Axthelm.

48

Nachkriegsmoderne

11__Industrialisierung im Bauwesen. Errichtung des Paracelsus-Krankenhaus, Marl. Entwurf: Werner Hebebrand. Fertigstellung: 1963.

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49

12__Nachkriegsmoderne als Identifikationsobjekt. Aufnahmen aus dem „Plattenbauquartett“ des Berliner Grafikdesigners Cornelius Mangold.

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50

Nachkriegsmoderne

14__Bauskulpturen wie Gebirge. Autobahnüberbauung an der Schlangenbader Straße in Berlin. Entwurf: Georg Heinrichs, 1972–1982. Aufnahme aus der Dokumentation www.restmodern.de.

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03 __ Bastelbogen „Ahornblatt“, veröffentlicht am 29. Juli 2000 in den Berliner Seiten der „Frankfurter Allgemeinen Zeitung“ zum Abriss des Mehrzweckbaus auf der Berliner Fischerinsel. Idee: Christian Welzbacher und Oliver Elser.

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57

58

Nachkriegsmoderne

04 __ „Bikini-Haus“ des Ensembles „Zentrum am Zoo“, Berlin. Entwurf: Hans Schwebes und Paul Schoszberger, 1953. Zustand 2009. Der einstmals freie „Bauch“ des Hauses, das zweite Obergeschoss, wurde bereits in den achtziger Jahren geschlossen.

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60

Nachkriegsmoderne

05 __ Wiederaufbau des Reichstagsgebäudes. Entwurf: Paul Baumgarten, 1961–1972. Baumgartens Hauptwerk ging beim Umbau durch das Büro Norman Foster vollständig verloren. Die Aufnahmen zeigen den Eingang zum Plenarsaal mit der Skulptur „Kosmos 70“ von Bernhard Heiliger (oben) und einen Blick in den Lobbybereich (rechts).

Gehasst, geliebt, geschützt

61

62

Nachkriegsmoderne

06 __ Dresden, Prager Straße. Wabenfassade des mittlerweile abgerissenen Kaufhauses „Centrum“. Aufnahme der Initiative www.ostmodern.org, die sich für den Erhalt der Nachkriegsmoderne in Dresden einsetzt.

07 __ Dresden, Prager Straße. Modell, Beginn der 1960er Jahre. Sämtliche Bauten sind mittlerweile verändert oder abgerissen, die städtebauliche Anlage wurde komplett umstrukturiert.

Gehasst, geliebt, geschützt

63

08 __ Kulturpalast in Dresden. Entwurf: Wolfgang Hänsch und Kollektiv, 1964 –1969. Das letzte intakte Bauwerk der Nachkriegsmoderne in Dresden. Jahrelang wurde über den Abriss debattiert. Im Juni 2009 wurde der Architektenwettbewerb für den Umbau zur „Dresdner Philharmonie“ entschieden.

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Nachkriegsmoderne

09 __ Pavillons am Alten Markt, Kiel. Entwurf: Wilhelm Neveling, 1971/72.

10 __ Schloss Kiel. Entwurf: Herbert Sprotte und Peter Neve, 1961–1965.

11__ Luftbild der Innenstadt Frankfurt am Main, 2007. Links neben dem Turm des Doms liegt der Komplex des Technischen Rathauses, der in naher Zukunft abgerissen wird.

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12__ Haus Hardenberg, Berlin. Entwurf: Paul Schwebes und Hans Schoszberger, 1955/56. Ansicht nach der denkmalgerechten Sanierung.

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05 __ Bebauungsplan für die Innenstadt Hannover vom 1. Oktober 1949. Entwurf: Stadtplanungs- und Vermessungsamt unter Stadtbaurat Rudolf Hillebrecht.

06 __ Nutzungsplanung für die Innenstadt Hannover, 1949.

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07 __ Opernhaus Hannover. Entwurf: Werner Kallmorgen und Klaus Hoffmann, 1950 –1964. Wiederhergestellter klassizistischer Außenbau von 1852.

08 __ Stadtraum des Leibnizufers, Hannover. Planskizze, Mitte der 1950er Jahre.

71

72

Beispiel Hannover

09 __ Stadtraum Hannover zwischen Waterlooplatz und Königsworther Platz. Luftbild, 1956.

10__ Bebauung des westlichen Leineufers, Hannover mit ehemaliger Preussag-Verwaltung. Entwurf: Gerhard Graubner, 1952.

Umbau einer europäischen Stadt

11 __ Constructa-Baublock, Hannover. Zeitgenössische Aufnahme, 1951.

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12 __ Wohnviertel um die Kreuzkirche, Hannover, 1950/51.

73

74

Beispiel Hannover

13 __ Ihmezentrum, Hannover-Linden. Entwurf: Helmut Kloss, Peter Kolb, Gustav Schröder, 1971–1975. Straßenansicht und Ihmeufer, 2008.

Umbau einer europäischen Stadt

75

14__ „Passerelle“, Hannover. Zustand der 1980er Jahre am Kröpcke und an der Bahnhofstraße nach dem Umbau zur „Niki de Saint-Phalle-Promenade“ 2007.

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15__ Ausschnitt „planWerk_Hannover“, Projekte und Potenziale, 2007.

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01 __ Luftbild des Verkehrsraumes am Innenstadtring, Hannover. Aufnahme 2006.

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81

03 __ Verkehrsmodell der Innenstadt Hannovers. Schemaskizze aus „Der Spiegel“ vom 3. Juni 1959.

04 __ Charakteristisches „Schwingen“ des Straßenverlaufs. Lavesallee am Waterlooplatz, Hannover. Aufnahme von 1960.

82

Beispiel Hannover

05 __ Steintor, Hannover, nach der Verkehrsberuhigung. Links unten: Gänselieselbrunnen. Rechts: Straßenbahnhaltestelle, Ende der 1990er Jahre.

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83

06 __ Marstallbrücke am Leibnizufer, Hannover. Im Hintergrund das Hochhaus für das Wissenschafts- und Kultusministerium des Landes Niedersachsen. Entwurf: Gerhard Graubner, 1952. Heutiger Zustand.

07 __ Innenstadt Hannovers. Luftbild um 2000.

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09 __ Ballhofplatz, Hannover. Heutiger Zustand.

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Beispiel Hannover

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03 __ Uwe Bodemann. Bauingenieur, Architekt und Städtebauer. Seit 2007 Stadtbaurat der Landeshauptstadt Hannover.

04 __ Jörg Springer. Architekt, aufgewachsen in Hannover. Prämiert im Rahmen des Deutschen Städtebaupreises 2008 zum Thema „Die Stadt der Nachkriegsmoderne“.

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05 __ Undine Giseke. Hochschullehrerin an der TU Berlin und Landschaftsarchitektin im Büro bgmr, das sich aktuell mit dem Umgang von Freiräumen im Kontext schrumpfender Städte befasst.

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06 __ Adrian von Buttlar. Kunsthistoriker und Hochschullehrer an der TU Berlin. 2007 veröffentlichte er: „Denkmal! Moderne. Architektur der 60er Jahre“. Mitglied im Landesdenkmalrat Berlin.

92

Beispiel Hannover

07 __ Veit Görner. Studierter Kunsthistoriker und Erziehungswissenschaftler, Direktor der Kestner-Gesellschaft, Hannover, zudem Vorsitzender des „Quartier Steintor e.V.“, der sich in die Debatte um den Umgang mit der Stadt einbringt.

08 __ Wolfgang Beck. Studierter Theologe und seit 2005 katholischer Pfarrer im Hannoveraner Stadtteil Linden.

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101

01 __ Großmaßstäbliche Stadtreparatur am Cityring als Mischung aus Bauskulptur und Blockrandschließung. Norddeutsche Landesbank, Hannover. Entwurf: Behnisch Architekten, 2002.

102

Nachkriegsmoderne weiterdenken

02 __ Von der Verkehrsachse der Nachkriegszeit zur urbanen Dichte. Neue Mitte, Ulm, mit Sparkasse und Kaufhaus „Münstertor“. Entwurf: Stephan Braunfels, 2006. Städtebaulicher Rahmenplan: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Guther, Lutz und Dr. Schenk 1998.

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03 __ Neuinterpretation des innerstädtischen Stadt- und Verkehrsraums durch architektonische Intervention. Kunstmuseum, Stuttgart. Entwurf: Hascher Jehle, 2004.

103

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04 __ Aktualisierung des modernen Formenkanons. Universitätsgebäude, Leipzig. Entwurf: Behet Bondzio Lin, 2009.

104

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05 __ Umfassende Anpassung an aktuelle ökologische und ästhetische Standards. Siedlung Altenhagener Weg, Hamburg. Entwurf: Springer Architekten, 2008.

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06 __ Transformation eines Büro- und Laborgebäudes aus den 1950er Jahren. Wohngebäude Quant, Stuttgart. Entwurf: Wilford Schupp. Zustand vor und nach dem Umbau 2007.

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07 __ Rückbau in die Zukunft. Lausitz-Tower, Hoyerswerda. Entwurf: Muck Petzet, 2007.

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08 __ Denkmalgerechte Sanierung. Rathaus Offenbach am Main. Entwurf: Wolf Maier, Reiner Graf und Max Speidel, 1961–1969. Blick in die Eingangshalle.

107

108

Autoren

Sid Auffarth Jahrgang 1938. Maurerlehre, Studium der Architektur in Hannover und Zürich, nach kurzer Büropraxis über dreißig Jahre lang Forschung und Lehre an der Universität Hannover zu Themen der Bau- und Stadtbaugeschichte. Promovierte über Typologien und Strukturen in der Alltagsarchitektur.

Michael Braum Jahrgang 1953. Studium der Stadt-, Regionalplanung und Architektur. Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter an der TU Berlin. 1996 Gründung des Büros Conradi, Braum & Bockhorst, 2006 Gründung des Büros Michael Braum und Partner. Seit 1998 Professor für Städtebau und Entwerfen an der Leibniz Universität Hannover. Seit 2008 Vorstandsvorsitzender der Bundesstiftung Baukultur. Veröffentlichungen zum Städtebau und zur Stadtentwicklung.

Christian Farenholtz Jahrgang 1923, Studium 1945–1950 in Braunschweig bei Friedrich Wilhelm Kraemer und Johannes Göderitz. Dann Industrie- und Wohnungsbau in Goslar, Stadtplanung in Lübeck (Promotion) und Hamburg. 1965 in Stuttgart als Stadtbaurat „Baubürgermeister“. Danach in Hamburg Chef der Forschungsgruppe GEWOS. Schließlich Aufbau des Studienganges Stadtplanung an der neuen Technischen Universität in HamburgHarburg. Zahlreiche Veröffentlichungen.

Bernhard Heitele Jahrgang 1971. Studium der Architektur an der Universität Stuttgart. Mitarbeiter im Stadtplanungsbüro raumbureau in Stuttgart. 2003-2008 wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Lehrstuhl Stadtplanung und Raumgestaltung der BTU Cottbus. Seit 2009 freier Projektmitarbeiter der Bundesstiftung Baukultur. Veröffentlichungen zum Städtebau und zur Stadtentwicklung.

Dieter Hoffmann-Axthelm Jahrgang 1940. Studium der Theologie, Philosophie und Geschichte, 1972 –1974 Assistent an der Technischen Universität Berlin, seitdem freiberuflich als Publizist und Planer tätig.

Jürgen Tietz Jahrgang 1964. Studium der Kunstgeschichte in Berlin. Arbeitet als freier Architekturhistoriker und -kritiker u.a für die NZZ, den Tagesspiegel und zahlreiche Fachzeitschriften. 1999 Journalistenpreis des Deutschen Nationalkomitees für Denkmalschutz. Jüngste Buchveröffentlichung: „Was ist gute Architektur?“ (2006).

Christian Welzbacher Jahrgang 1970. Studium der Kunstgeschichte und Germanistik. Freier Journalist u. a. für FAZ und SZ. 2000 Kritiker-Förderpreis der Bundesarchitektenkammer, 2005 Theodor-Fischer-Preis. Jüngste Veröffentlichungen: „Edwin Redslob. Biografie eines unverbesserlichen Idealisten“ und „Euroislam-Architektur. Die neuen Moscheen des Abendlandes“.

109

Bildnachweis

Akademie der Künste Berlin, Archiv Abteilung Baukunst: 15 rechts, 18, 36, 37, 48, 60, 61. Architekturmuseum der Technischen Universität Berlin: 10, 12 unten, 16, 17, 43. Archiv Sid Auffarth, Hannover: 70 unten, 71 unten, 80, 81 oben, 82 links, 83 oben, 84, 85, 86. Archiv Christian Farenholtz, Hamburg: 26, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 oben, 35. Archiv Christian Welzbacher, Berlin: 22 oben, 49 unten, 56/57. Roel Backaert, Amsterdam: 107. Bayerisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege, München: 14 rechts, 20 links. Behet Bondzio Lin Architekten, Münster (Foto: Klaus F. Linscheid): 103, rechts. Behnisch Architekten, Stuttgart und Nord/LB (Foto: Roland Halbe): 101. Bildarchiv Historisches Museum Hannover: 71 oben, 72 unten. Bundesarchiv, Berlin, Bild 1833-N1212 - 0016: 47 oben ( Foto: Steinberg). Wiebke Dürholt, Potsdam: 19 links, 24, 58, 74 unten. Hascher Jehle, Stuttgart (Foto: Roland Halbe): 103 links. Hannover Tourismus Service: 75 (Foto rechts: Arnulf Piontek), 82 rechts, 89. Haus der Stadtgeschichte, Offenbach am Main: 39. HAZ-HauschildArchiv im Historischen Museum, Hannover: 74 oben. Kirchengemeinde St. Adalbert, Hannover: 15 links. KSP Engel und Zimmermann Architekten, Braunschweig: 25 (Foto unten: Achim Reissner). Landtag Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart: 14 links. Landesamt für Denkmalpflege, Berlin: 52, 65. Landeshauptstadt Hannover / Bereich Geoinformation (Foto: Ralf Kirchhof): 88, 90, 91, 92. mbup: 76. Muck Petzet Architekten, München (Foto: Future Documentation / EO): 106. Schleswig-Holsteinisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege, Kiel: 64 oben und unten links. Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung, Berlin: 47 unten. SLUB/ Deutsche Fotothek, Dresden: 12 oben, 19 rechts, 62 unten, 63. Springer Architekten, Berlin: 104 (Foto unten: Bernd Hiepe). Stadtarchiv, Crailsheim: 36. Stadt Frankfurt am Main: 64 unten rechts. Stadt Hannover/Medienserver: 21 (Foto links: Alexandra Rust, rechts: Torsten Krüger) 78, 83 unten (Foto: Helmut Schrader). Stadt Hannover/Historisches Archiv: 66, 67, 68, 69, 70 oben, 71 oben, 72, 73, 81 unten. Stadtkonservator Köln/ Dorothea Heiermann: 20 links. Stephan Braunfels Architekten, Berlin/München (Foto: Zooey Braun): 102. Wilford / Schupp, London/Stuttgart und LBBW-Immobilien: 105 ( Foto unten: Ralf Grömminger). www.denkenbauenwohnen.de / Bernhard Tatter und Christian Kuegler, Leipzig: 22 unten. www.laufwerk-b.de/wiederaufbau / Matthias Seidel, Berlin: 8, 44. www.ostmodern.org / Matthias Hahndorf, Dresden: 62 oben. www.restmodern.de / Andreas Muhs, Berlin: 2, 23 oben, 40, 46, 50. www.superclub.de / Cornelius Mangold, Berlin: 23 unten, 49 ( Foto: Stefan Wolf Lucks, Berlin ). www.wikipedia.nl: 34 unten

Die Bundesstiftung Baukultur dankt den Verlagen für die freundlichen Nachdruckgenehmigungen. Jeder mögliche Versuch ist unternommen worden, die Besitzer von Bildrechten ausfindig zu machen. Wo dies nicht möglich war, bitten wir die Urheber, sich mit den Herausgebern in Verbindung zu setzen.