ITIL V3 Foundation Bridge Certification Exam Preparation Course in a Book for Passing the ITIL V3 Foundation Bridge Exam: The 'How to Pass on Your First Try' Certification Study Guide
Notice of Rights: Copyright © The Art of Service. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Notice of Liability: The information in this book is distributed on an “As Is” basis without warranty. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of the book, neither the author nor the publisher shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the instructions contained in this book or by the products described in it. Trademarks: Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations appear as requested by the owner of the trademark. All other product names and services identified throughout this book are used in editorial fashion only and for the benefit of such companies with no intention of infringement of the trademark. No such use, or the use of any trade name, is intended to convey endorsement or other affiliation with this book. ITIL® is a Registered Community Trade Mark of OGC (Office of Government Commerce, London, UK), and is Registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
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Foreword This Exam Preparation book is intended for those preparing for the ITIL® V3 Foundation Bridging Exam. Only the new V3 content is covered in this exam preparation guide. If the V2 process has not changed in V3 – it will not be covered or mentioned in this book. The Art of Service is an Accredited Training Organization for this program and has been training this course for more than 8 years. The strategies and content in this book is a result of experience and understanding of the ITIL® Foundation Program, and the exam requirements. This book is not a replacement for completing the course. This is a study aid to assist those who have completed an accredited course and preparing for the exam. Do not underestimate the value of your own notes and study aids. The more you have, the more prepared you will be. While it is not possible to pre-empt every question and content that MAY be asked in the Foundation Bridging exams, This Book covers the main concepts of IT Service Management, each phase and process in the Service Lifecycle and is followed by a Practice Exam (created by The Art of Service). Each Process contains a summarized overview of key knowledge for the Foundation Bridging Exam.
These overviews are designed to help you to
reference the knowledge gained through the course. Due to licensing rights, we are unable to provide actual APMG Exams. However, the study notes and sample exam questions in this book will allow you to more easily prepare for an APMG ITIL ® Foundation exam. Ivanka Menken Executive Director, The Art of Service http://www.theartofservice.com/
2 Table of Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
Foreword.............................................................................. 1 Table of Contents................................................................. 2 ITIL® v3 Certification Pathway............................................. 4 Exam Specifics .................................................................... 5 Exam Prerequisites.............................................................. 5 Exam Hints .......................................................................... 6 The Art of Service Objective Tree........................................ 9 Study Notes ....................................................................... 10 IT Service Management..................................................... 11 ITIL ® v3 Service Lifecycle ................................................ 14 Service Strategy ................................................................ 15 Service Portfolio Management........................................... 17 Demand Management ....................................................... 18 Service Design................................................................... 19 Supplier Management........................................................ 21 Service Catalog Management............................................ 23 Capacity Management ....................................................... 24 Availability Management .................................................... 25 IT Service Continuity Management .................................... 26 Information Security Management ..................................... 27 Service Transition .............................................................. 29 Knowledge Management ................................................... 30 Service Asset and Configuration Management.................. 31 Change Management ........................................................ 32 Release and Deployment Management............................. 34 Service Validation and Testing .......................................... 36 Service Operation .............................................................. 37 Service Desk Function ....................................................... 38 Technical Management Function....................................... 40 IT Operations Management Function................................. 41 Application Management Function..................................... 42 Event Management............................................................ 43 Problem Management........................................................ 44 Request Fulfilment ............................................................. 45 Access Management ......................................................... 46 Continual Service Improvement......................................... 47 Copyright The Art of Service
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37 38 39 40 41 42 43
Service Measurement and Reporting................................. 48 Continual Service Improvement Process ........................... 49 Practice Exam Questions................................................... 50 Answers ............................................................................. 77 ACRONYMS ...................................................................... 78 Glossary............................................................................. 80 References ........................................................................ 83
Notice of Rights All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Notice of Liability The information in this book is distributed on an “As Is” basis without warranty. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of the book, neither the author nor the publisher shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the instructions contained in this book or by the products described in it. Trademarks Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations appear as requested by the owner of the trademark. All other product names and services identified throughout this book are used in editorial fashion only and for the benefit of such companies with no intention of infringement of the trademark. No such use, or the use of any trade name, is intended to convey endorsement or other affiliation with this book.
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3 ITIL® v3 Certification Pathway Since the launch of ITIL v3 in July 2007, a new certification path was also released. This new path encompasses all the new v3 Programs, ending in the possible attainment of “Expert Status”. The figure below demonstrates the possible pathways that you could take to achieve the Expert status.
To achieve Expert status, you are required to gain a minimum of 22 points by completing various ITIL® v3 programs: o You must complete the v3 Foundation Program (2 points) o You must complete the Managing Across the Lifecycle Program (5 points) o The remaining 15 points must come from The Intermediate Stream (Capability and Lifecycle Programs) (The numbers on each program indicate the points value.)
It is yet to be finalized how the “Advanced Level” can be achieved, but is expected to be based on demonstration of practical experience in ITIL and IT Service Management.
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4 Exam Specifics The APMG ITIL® v3 Foundation Bridging exam is: o Multiple choice exam o 30 minutes in length o 20 questions o Pass mark is 13/20 or 65% o Closed book exam o Only 1 answer out of 4 possible answers is correct. It is possible to do a paper based or a web based exam. (Please check with your Accredited Examination Centre for more information on this).
5 Exam Prerequisites Accredited Foundation training is strongly recommended but not a Prerequisite.
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6 Exam Hints WE STRONGLY ADVISE THAT YOU REVIEW YOUR ITIL V2 FOUNDATION MATERIAL. EVEN THOUGH V2 CONTENT MAY NOT BE COVERED IN YOUR TRAINING PROGRAM THEY MAY ASK YOU QUESTIONS RELATED TO V2 PROCESSES! (and as such we have included a whole range of practice exam questions) As stated earlier – there are 20 multiple-choice questions, with 4 possible answers. APMG says that there are “no trick” questions. To an extent they are correct… IF you have done your study and understand the concepts you should get through the exam. You need 13/20 to pass. If you break down the style of questions, generally 1/3 of the questions are basic content – memorizing definitions and terminology… 1/3 tests your understanding of the concepts. The remaining 1/3 of the questions are aimed much more at a synthesis/application level to really test your understanding. So, with a reasonable amount of study, you can pass the exam. However to help you maximize your understanding of the exam process, these are some important hints that I have learnt and teach my students when preparing for the exam: o The most obvious is “read the question carefully”. They are very specific about the wording of the question and what it is they are wanting. Identify the key words and use this to select your answer. o
Plural schmural…. - Ignore the singular or plural use of words. Because the answer selections may contain answers which has 1 answer (eg Service Strategy), or more than 1 (eg SS, SD, ST). To maintain ambiguity so as not to “give the answer away” they will mix and match the singular/plural…… eg is/are, activity/activities
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1,2,3,4….a,b,c,d… - More and more questions are appearing in the mock exams which seem to have the structure of consider the following (4) statements. Which are relevant/correct for the question. And the answer response will be for example – a) -1, b) 1,2,4 c) all the above …and so on. The strategy to answering these is to look at each statement, tick if you agree, X if you don’t. I advise you physically mark these on the exam paper. Then match your selections to the answer.
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“Primary” – APMG likes to use this word. The word “primary” implies that the answer will be just “one” process, phase, whatever. It is unlikely that primary means that more than 1 process, phase will do “it”.
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“All…every” - These 2 words seems to trip my participants more than any other. If you see a response/question which contains either of these 2 words, you need to consider these to apply to….ALL/EVERY possible scenario, and not just those related to the question. Eg - availability management is responsible for ALL targets in SLA… NO – because there are many more targets in an SLA than just availability targets… be careful!
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Correct vs more Correct…. – APMG likes to use the “which is correct….” type questions. When you see these, it is likely that there will be more than 1 answer that is correct… you need to choose the “more/most correct”. Look for the “allencompassing” answer. When you get down to 2 possible responses, try and identify which contains more, or conversely which might only be “part” right (might be activities of that process, but not all encompassing).
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If you are stuck – leave it and go back to the question at the end. You should have time.
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“Technology” – if you have a question that asks what would technology help? Everything (except wisdom)!!!! – We are in IT. Therefore to help us deliver IT, technology should help us as much as possible…
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“Tools” – same as technology – Tools are there to make our job easier and to ensure consistency and repeatability as well as ensuring standards and conventions are followed – so it would make sense that Tools could help all of the above….
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Remember – at this level, the focus of the course and exam is an awareness level, with a basic understanding of the concepts and terminology of the ITIL v3 Service Lifecycle.
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7 The Art of Service Objective Tree This Objective Tree is a very useful tool for understanding and “tunneling” down into how ITSM can contribute to achieving a corporate objective. This helps us to better understand how the Service Lifecycle can contribute to achieving the Business objectives The aim of the Objective tree is to walk down the tree to understand HOW each level of the organization is assisted in achieving their objective by receiving support from the level below.
Once you get to the bottom, you then walk back up the tree, giving example of WHY each would be of benefit to the one above in achieving its objectives.
ITIL contributes in the darker IT aspects in providing quality IT Service Management
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8 Study Notes The following Study notes are broken down into the following topics: o Service Management as a concept and relevant terminology o ITIL Service Lifecycle as a concept and relevant terminology o Service Strategy Phase and relevant processes o Service Design Phase and relevant processes o Service Transition Phase and relevant processes o Service Operation Phase and relevant functions and processes o Continual Service Improvement Phase and relevant processes Again these study notes are not intended to replace an accredited ITIL Foundation Program. These notes are supplementary and may not include EVERY concept that may be tested.
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9 IT Service Management 9.1
Basic Concepts:
9.1.1
ITSM is the effective and efficient, process driven management of quality IT Services. The added value to ITSM is that is business aligned and maintains a holistic Service Lifecycle approach.
9.1.2 o o o o
Four Perspectives of ITSM (as found in Service Design Phase): People Partners Process Products
9.1.3
Process vs. Service
Process: a set of coordinated activities combining and implementing resources and capabilities in order to produce an outcome and provide value to customers or stakeholders. Characteristics of every process include: •They are measurable, •They deliver specific results •They deliver outcomes to customers or stakeholders •They respond to specific events (triggers) Service: a means of delivering value to customers by facilitating outcomes customers want to achieve without the ownership of specific costs or risks. A process owner is responsible for improvements to their process and ensuring that the process is fit for the desired purpose. They are accountable for the outputs of that process. Example: The owner for the Availability Management Process
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A service owner is accountable for the delivery of a specific IT Service and is responsible for continual improvement and management of change affecting Services under their care. Example: The owner of the Payroll Service. The process owner and service owner are accountable for the process or service under their care. However they may not be responsible for performing many of the actual activities required for the process or service. A Process Manager is responsible for the operational (daily) management of a process. There may be several Managers for the one process. 9.1.4
RACI Model
The RACI model helps show how a process actually does work end to end across several functional groups by defining roles and responsibilities, as well as organizational structure. R – Responsibility (actually does the work for that activity but is responsible to the function or position that has an “A” against it.) eg Process manager A – Accountability (is made accountable for ensuring that the action takes place, even if they might not do it themselves). eg Process Owner C – Consult (advice / guidance / information can be gained from this function or position prior to the action taking place). I – Inform (the function or position that is told about the event after it has happened). General Rules
•Only 1 “A” per Row (ensures accountability, more than one “A” would confuse this) •At least 1 “R” per Row (shows that actions are taking place) 9.1.5
Service Provider Types o Internal Service Provider o Shared Service Provider o External Service Provider
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9.1.6
9.2
Roles: There are many roles associated with ITIL processes. Each process should have a Process Manager eg Incident Manager. It is also reasonable for each Phase to have a Manager, eg Service Design Manager.
Key Terms:
IT Infrastructure: all the hardware, software, networks, facilities, services and support elements that are required to develop, test, deliver, monitor, control and support IT Services ITSM: A set of specialized organizational capabilities for providing value to customers in the form of services. Capabilities: The functions and processes utilized to manage services. Capabilities are intangible assets of an organization and cannot be purchased, but must be developed and matured over time. Resources: A generic term that includes IT Infrastructure, people, money or anything else that might help to deliver an IT service. Resources are also considered to be tangible assets of an organization. Good Practice: (also referred to as Best Practice) That which is successful in “wide industry use” Functions: A team or group of people and the tools they use to carry out one or more Processes or Activities. Functions provide units of organization responsible for specific outcomes. Customer: refers to the person who “pays” for the service, or has the authority to request a service. User: An organization’s staff member/employee who “uses” the IT service System: refers to a range of repositories for storing and accessing information – can include databases, filing cabinets, storage cupboards etc
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10 ITIL ® v3 Service Lifecycle
Version 3 maintains a holistic view covering the entire lifecycle of a service, no longer does ITIL just answer the how questions, but also why?’ ‘ •Why does a customer need this service? •Why should the customer purchase services from us? •Why should we provide (x) levels of availability, capacity and continuity? By first asking these questions it enables a service provider to provide overall strategic objectives for the IT organization, which will then be used to direct how services are designed, transitioned, supported and improved in order to deliver maximum value to customers and stakeholders.
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11 Service Strategy Objective: o Design, develop and implement service management as a strategic asset and assisting growth of the organization o Define the strategic objectives of the IT organization
Basic Concepts: Analogy If suddenly, as a Chef, you woke up one day and decided to start your own business in your neighbourhood. The first thing you would do is identify what it is you do best (your style of cooking - Indian) and whether it is a financially viable idea. You would then identify if there is a need in your neighbourhood for such a restaurant. To do this you might identify if are there already too many Indian restaurants, who your clientele are (would an Indian restaurant be successful in a predominantly Chinese neighbourhood?) and so on. All before you begin to find location, decide menu etc. Service Strategy is just this – identifying your strengths and capabilities as well as understanding your clientele’s needs, and ensuring there is alignment between the 2. As the old adage goes – no point selling ice to Eskimos…. 11.1.1 Creating Service Value Analogy The official definition of a Service is “a means of delivering value to Customers by facilitating outcomes customers want to achieve without the ownership of specific costs or risks”. Well what does this actually mean? To explain some of the key concepts I will use an analogy that most (food lovers) will understand. While I do enjoy cooking, there are often times where I wish to enjoy quality food without the time and effort required to prepare a meal. If I was to cook, I would need to; go to a grocery store, buy the ingredients, take these ingredients home, prepare and cook the meal, set the table and of course clean up the kitchen afterwards. The
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alternative of course, I can go to a restaurant that delivers a service that provides me with the same outcome (a nice meal) without the time, effort and general fuss if I was to cook it myself. Now consider how I would identify the quality and value of that service being provided. It isn’t just the quality of the food itself that will influence my perceptions but also: • • • • •
The cleanliness of the restaurant The friendliness and customer service skills of the waiters and other staff The ambience of the restaurant (lighting, music, decorations etc.) The time taken to receive my meal (and was it what I asked for?) Did they offer water on top of normal drinks and beverages?
If just one of these factors don’t meet my expectations than ultimately the perceived quality and value being delivered to me as a customer are negatively impacted.
Utility + Warranty = Value o Utility (fit for purpose) features and support of service o Warranty (fit for use) – defines levels of availability, capacity, security, continuity Service Packages o Core Service Package o Supporting Service Package o Service Level Packages 11.1.2 Business Case A decision support and planning tool that projects the likely consequences of a business action. A business case is a justification for a significant item of expenditure. Includes information about costs, benefits, options, issues, risks and possible problems. Copyright The Art of Service
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12 Service Portfolio Management Goal: To assist the IT organization in managing investments in service management across the enterprise and maximizing them for value.
12.1 Basic Concepts:
12.1.1 A Service Portfolio describes provider’s services in terms of business value. They include the complete set of services managed by a Service Provider. These portfolios are used to articulate business needs and the provider’s response to those needs, as well as prioritizing strengths, weaknesses and risks of you, the provider 12.1.2 o o o
Service Portfolio contains: Service Pipeline Service Catalogue Retired Services
12.1.3 o o o
Investment Categories Run the Business Grow the Business Transform the Business
12.2 Key Terms: Service Pipeline: Proposed or in development Service Catalogue – live/operational or ready for deployment services Retired Services – decommissioned services
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13 Demand Management Goal: To assist the IT Service Provider in understanding and influencing Customer demand for Services and the provision of Capacity to meet these demands in order to reduce excess capacity needs
13.1 Basic Concepts:
13.1.1 Demand Management is responsible for understanding and strategically responding to business demands for services by: o Analyzing patterns of business activity and user profiles. o Influence demand in line with the strategic objectives 13.1.2 Two ways to influence or manage demand: o Physical/Technical constraints o Financial constraints
13.2 Key terms: (Specific for Demand Management that you might see on exam!!!!!) PBA: Patterns of Business Activity Influence user behaviour
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14 Service Design Objective: Convert strategic objectives into portfolios of services and service assets.
14.1 Basic Concepts:
14.1.1 Service Design’s ultimate concern is the design of new or modified services for introduction into a production (live) environment. Service Design is also concerned with the design of new and modified processes required to deliver and support these services. 14.1.2 Aspects of Service Design o Service Solutions o Service Management systems & tools o Technology Architectures o Processes o Measurement Systems and Metrics All to ensure that standards and conventions are followed 14.1.3 Service Design Packages Defines all aspects of an IT Service and its requirements through each stage of its Lifecycle. A Service Design Package is produced for each new IT Service, major Change, or IT Service Retirement.
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14.1.4 Typical Service Design Package contents:
•Business Requirements •Service Applicability •Service Contacts •Service Functional Requirements •Service Level Requirements •Service Program •Service Transition Plan •Service Operational Plan •Service Acceptance Criteria •Service Design & Topology •Organizational Readiness Assessment. 14.2 Key terms: Service Solution: includes all of the functional requirements, resources and capabilities needed and agreed
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15 Supplier Management Goal: To manage suppliers and the services they supply, to provide seamless quality of IT service to the business and ensure that value for money is obtained.
15.1 Basic Concepts: NOTE – This was previously part of Service Level Management. It is now its OWN process. Supplier Management works closely with SLM. 15.1.1 Types of Outsourcing Arrangements: o Outsourcing: Using one or more external suppliers to manage or assist in managing IT Services. o Co-sourcing: An informal combination of insourcing and outsourcing, using a number of outsourcing organizations working together to co-source key elements within the lifecycle. o Partnership or multi-sourcing: Formal arrangements between two or more organizations to work together to design, develop, transition, maintain, operate, and/or support IT service(s). The focus here tends to be on strategic partnerships that leverage critical expertise or market opportunities. o Business Process Outsourcing: Formal arrangements where an external organization provides and manages the other organization’s entire business process(es) or functions(s) in a low cost location. Common examples are accounting, payroll and call centre operations. o Knowledge Process Outsourcing: This is a new enhancement of Business Process Outsourcing, where external organizations provide domain based processes and business expertise rather than just process expertise and requires advanced analytical and specialized skills from the outsourcing organization. o Application Service Provision: Where external organizations provide shared computer based services to customer organizations over a network. The complexities and costs of such shared software can be reduced and provided to organizations that could otherwise not justify the investment.
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Supplier Management manages all aspects of External Suppliers involved in provision of IT Services from tender, to monitoring and reviewing performance and renewal/termination of contracts.
15.2 Key Terms: SCD: Supplier Contract Database SSIP: Supplier Service Improvement Plan UC: Underpinning Contract
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16 Service Catalog Management Goal: To ensure that a Service Catalogue is produced, maintained and contains accurate information on all operational services and those ready for deployment.
16.1 Basic Concepts: NOTE – This was previously part of Service Level Management. It is now its OWN process. Service Catalogue Management works closely with SLM to assist with development of SC (Business Services Catalogue part)
16.1.1 Creation and maintenance of Service Catalogue –which contains 2 parts: o Business Service Catalogue o Plain English using clear and concise language o Customer facing document o Technical Service Catalogue o Technical Language o Non Customer facing (designed for IT department use) 16.1.2 Forms part of Service Portfolio
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17 Capacity Management Goal: The goal of the Capacity Management process is to ensure that cost-justifiable IT capacity in all areas of IT always exists and is matched to the current and future needs of the business, in a timely manner.
17.1 Basic Concepts:
17.1.1 Same as version 2 – except CDB is now called CMIS 17.1.2 Works closely with, and uses Demand Management strategies from Demand Management Process
17.2 Key Terms: CMIS: Capacity Management Information System
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18 Availability Management Goal: To ensure that the level of service availability delivered in all services is matched to or exceeds the current and future agreed needs of the business in a cost-effective manner.
18.1 Basic Concepts:
18.1.1 Same as version 2 – except ADB is now called AMIS 18.1.2 Works closely with Information Security Management and Access Management
18.2 Key Terms:
AMIS: Availability Management Information System
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19 IT Service Continuity Management Goal: To support the overall Business Continuity Management by ensuring that the required IT infrastructure and the IT service provision can be recovered within required and agreed business time scales.
19.1 Basic Concepts:
19.1.1 Basically same as version 2 19.1.2 Recovery Options: o Do nothing! o Manual back-up o Reciprocal agreement o Gradual recovery (cold standby, $) o Intermediate recovery (warm standby, $$) o Fast recovery (hot standby, $$$)(new) o Immediate recovery (hot standby, $$$)
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20 Information Security Management Goal: To align IT security with business security and ensure that information security is effectively managed in all service and IT Service Management activities.
20.1 Basic Concepts
20.1.1 Defines policies, standards and measures 20.1.2 Scope: - To ensure that the confidentiality, integrity and availability (CIA) of an organization’s assets, information, data and IT services is maintained.
20.1.3 Information Security Management must consider the following four perspectives to ensure that a balanced approach to security: o Organizational o Procedural o Physical o Technical 20.1.4 o o o o
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Security Measures: Prevention/Reduction Detection/Repression Correction/Recovery Evaluation
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20.2 Key Terms: Confidentiality: Protecting information against unauthorized access and use. Integrity: Accuracy, completeness and timeliness of the information. Availability: The information should be accessible at any agreed time. This depends on the continuity provided by the information processing systems. Security Baseline: The security level adopted by the IT organization for its own security and from the point of view of good ‘due diligence’. Security Incident: Any incident that may interfere with achieving the SLA security requirements; materialization of a threat
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21 Service Transition Objective: The development and improvement of capabilities for transitioning new and changed services into operation.
21.1 Basic Concepts:
21.1.1 The focus here is developing the ability/capability for the IT Department to transition (build, test and release) ANY service in a consistent and repeatable way. This will enable IT department to effectively manage MANY changes/transitions. The processes contained within Service Transition have this responsibility.
21.1.2 The Service Design Manager would hand over the Service Design Package to the Service Transition Manager.
21.1.3 Service Transition should be involved early in the design of services
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22 Knowledge Management Goal: To enable organizations to improve the quality of management decision making by ensuring that reliable and secure information and data is available throughout the service lifecycle.
22.1 Basic Concept:
22.1.1 The primary purpose is to improve efficiency by reducing the need to rediscover knowledge. This requires accessible, quality and relevant data and information to be available to staff.
22.1.2 Data to Wisdom Graph: Data – Information – Knowledge – Wisdom 22.1.3 Development of Service Knowledge Management System (SKMS) o SKMS – contains: o CMS (Configuration Mgt System), which contains: o CMDB (Configuration Management Database)
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23 Service Asset and Configuration Management Goal: To support the agreed IT service provision by managing, controlling, storing and providing information about Configuration Items (CI’s) and Service Assets throughout their life cycle. EXAM HINT - LOOK FOR KEY WORDS SUCH AS “LOGICAL MODEL” AND “MAINTAINING ACCURATE RECORDS”
23.1 Basic Concepts:
23.1.1 Previously known as Configuration Management 23.1.2 Scope: The scope covers interfaces to internal and external service providers where there are assets and configuration items that need to be controlled e.g. shared assets.
23.1.3 CMDB still exists but is part of a greater CMS (Configuration Management System)
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24 Change Management Goal: To ensure that standardized methods and procedures are used for efficient and prompt handling of all Changes, in order to minimize the impact of Change-related Incidents upon service quality, and consequently to improve the day-to-day operations of the organization.
24.1 Basic Concept:
24.1.1 Basically same as v2 –
24.1.2 CAB/EC – now known as ECAB (Emergency CAB)
24.1.3 FSC – now known as Change Schedule as it also contains completed changes
24.1.4 PSA – now known as PSO (Projected Service Outage)
24.1.5 Assessing and Evaluating – “The 7 ‘R’s” of Change Mgt are questions that must be answered to correctly assess the impact of the change and to assist in making informed decisions.
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24.2 Key Terms: RFC: Request For Change: Standard form to capture and process ALL Changes to any CI. Change Schedule: Schedule of Approved Changes and the planned implementation dates. PSO = Projected Service Outage: A document that identifies the effect of planned changes, maintenance activities and test plans on agreed service levels. CAB = Change Advisory Board: Provide expert advice to Change Management, with representatives from Financial, IT background and customers ECAB = Emergency CAB: Subgroup of CAB with authority to make urgent change decisions. PIR: Post Implementation Review
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25 Release and Deployment Management Goal: To deploy releases into production and establish effective use of the service in order to deliver value to the customer and be able to handover to Service Operation.
25.1 Basic Concepts:
25.1.1 Formerly known as Release Management 25.1.2 Responsible for Definitive Spares (DS), formerly DHS and Definitive Media Library (DML), formerly DSL 25.1.3 o o o
Options for Releases: Big Bang vs. Phased Push vs. Pull Manual vs. Automatic
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25.2 Key Terms: Release: A collection of authorized Changes to an IT Service. Also known as a Release Package Release Unit: A Release Unit describes the portion of a service of IT infrastructure that is normally released together according to the organizations release policy. The unit may vary depending on type(s) or item(s) of service asset or service component such as hardware or software. Definitive Media Library (DML): The secure library in which the definitive authorized versions of all media CIs are stored and protected. The DML should include definitive copies of purchased software (along with license documents or information) as well as software developed on site. Definitive Spares: Physical storage of all spare IT components and assemblies maintained at the same level as those within the live environment. These can then be used when needed for additional systems or in the recovery from Incidents. Details recorded in the CMDB, controlled by Release Management. Early Life Support: engaging the Development teams in the “early life” of a newly transitioned service to assist with initial support, incident management and rapid knowledge development.
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26 Service Validation and Testing Goal: To ensure that new or changed IT Services match the design specification and will meet the needs of the business.
26.1 Basic Concept:
26.1.1 Service V Model o The Service V Model is used to provide a framework for organizing the levels of testing and validation required for new or changed services in order to justify release to the customer for trial and assessment. o The left hand side represents the specification of the service acceptance/review criteria, from high level functional requirements down to the detailed release and component criteria. Primarily developed in Service Design Phase. o The right hand side focuses on the validation and test activities that are performed against the specifications defined on the left hand side, with direct involvement by the equivalent party on the right hand side (Service Transition Phase). o It shows that validation and test planning should begin early in the life of a Service, initially with the definition of the service requirements. Each stage of the development is then correlated with associated testing and validation activities according to the defined test model to be used.
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27 Service Operation Objective: To enable effectiveness and efficiency in delivery and support of IT services.
27.1 Basic Concepts:
27.1.1 Service Operation is where value is seen from the customer perspective 27.1.2 Achieving The Balance – “balance” is the key word here… look for that!!! o Internal IT view vs. External Business View o Stability vs. Responsiveness o Quality of Service vs. Cost of Service o Reactive vs. Proactive
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28 Service Desk Function Goal: To support the agreed IT service provision by ensuring the accessibility and availability of the IT-organization and by performing various supporting activities.
28.1 Basic Concept:
28.1.1 Service Desk Function no longer recognizes Call Centre and Help Desk – only Service Desk 28.1.2 The Service Desk is meant to the SINGLE POINT OF CONTACT for users.
28.1.3 o o o o
Service Desk Organizational Structures Local Service Desk Centralized Service Desk Virtual Service Desk Follow the sun (new)
NOTE - a Help Desk is NOT a structure of a service desk! 28.1.4 Self Help – refers to any means where the user may assist themselves to seek support – eg: o FAQ o Intranet forms/requests o Web based support o Back end process handling software “Calling Service Desk is NOT an example of Self Help! 28.1.5 Service Desk is a good opportunity for staff to develop skills and move into more technical roles.
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28.2 Key Terms: Incident: Any event which is not part of the standard operation of a service and which causes, or may cause an interruption to, or a reduction in the quality of that service. A failure of a CI that has not yet affected service is also classified as an incident. Service Request: Request for information or status of a service (not related to loss of service) Includes Standard Changes. E.g. Contact details, Service availability, request for common software. Request for Change: Request to Move, Add, Change (MAC) E.g. Asking for changes to functionality of applications or supporting infrastructure – not a pre-approved or standard change. Access Rights: Providing User or user groups rights to use a service, and the prevention of access to non-authorized users. Effectively the execution of both Availability and Information Security management, in that it enables the organization to manage CIA of the organization’s data and intellectual property.
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29 Technical Management Function Goal: Technical Management will provide guidance to IT Operations about how best to carry out the ongoing operational management of technology. This will partly be carried out during the Service Design phase but will be an everyday communication with IT Operations as they seek to achieve stability and optimum performance.
29.1 Basic Concepts:
29.1.1 Technical Management simply refers to the teams/departments of IT support and design staff that manage/support/build/test the Hardware side of IT: o Custodian of technical knowledge and expertise related to managing the IT Infrastructure. o Provides detailed technical skills and resources needed to support the ongoing operation of the IT Infrastructure o Plays an important role in providing the actual resources to support the IT Service Management lifecycle. o Ensures resources are effectively trained and deployed to design, build, transition, operate and improve the technology to deliver and support IT Services.
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30 IT Operations Management Function o
Goal: To perform the daily operational activities needed to manage the IT Infrastructure. This is done according to the performance standards defined during Service Design.
30.1 Basic Concepts:
30.1.1 These are the teams that “watch over” the network on a daily basis to ensure that all is “running well” and doing the daily activities required to maintain the delivery and support of services. Analogy It’s like Spock on Star Trek on the “Bridge” monitoring the “Dashboard” and alerting any inconsistencies to Kirk…. 30.1.2 2 Sub Functions: o IT operations Control o Doing the “Spock” o Think IT operations Bridge or Networks Operation Centre (NOC) o Facilities Management o Management of the physical IT environment, usually data centers or computer rooms
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31 Application Management Function Goal: Support Business processes by designing and supporting Application software to assist with service delivery
31.1 Basic Concepts:
31.1.1 o Application Management is usually divided into departments based on the application portfolio of the organization allowing easier specialization and more focused support. o Managing Applications throughout their lifecycle. o Supports and maintains operational applications, and plays an important role in design, testing and improvement of applications that form part of IT Services. o Support the organization’s business processes by helping to identify functional and manageability requirements for application software. o Assist in the design and deployment of those applications. o Provide ongoing support and improvement of those applications. o Identify skills required to support the applications o Deciding whether to build or buy
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32 Event Management Goal: To enable stability in IT Services Delivery and Support by monitoring all events that occur throughout the IT infrastructure to allow for normal service operation and to detect and escalate exceptions.
32.1 Basic Concepts:
32.1.1 Event Management is about monitoring and escalating events which MAY HAVE SIGNIFICANCE FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THE IT INFRASTRUCTURE. 32.1.2 NOT just exception events!
32.1.3 o o o o
Examples: Disk reaching capacity Successful backup Backups failed Print Outputs
32.2 Key Terms: Event: a change of state that has significance for the management of a Configuration Item (including IT Services). This can be detected by technical staff or be automated alerts or notifications created by CI monitoring tools. Alert: A warning that a threshold has been reached or something has been changed. (An event has occurred) Trigger: An indication that some action or response to an Event may be needed.
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33 Problem Management Goal: To minimize the adverse impact of Incidents and Problems on the business that are caused by errors within the IT infrastructure, and to prevent the recurrence of Incidents related to these errors.
33.1 Basic Concepts:
33.1.1 Error Control has been replaced by Reactive Problem Management 33.1.2 Activities (New) o Reactive Problem Management o Detection/logging/investigation etc o Proactive Problem Management o Trend analysis o Major Problem Reviews o Targeting Preventive action
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34 Request Fulfilment Goal: To provide an effective and efficient channel for users to make requests, gain information and obtain standard Services.
34.1 Basic Concepts:
34.1.1 Carried out by the Service Desk Function, desktop support or other groups as required
34.2 Key Terms: A Service Request is: o A request for information or advice o A request for a standard change o A request for access to an IT Service o NOT related to a loss of service (i.e. incident) o NOT a normal change
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35 Access Management Goal: To grant authorized users the right to use a Service while preventing access to non-authorized users in order to protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability (CIA) of information and infrastructure.
35.1 Basic Concepts:
35.1.1 Relationship with other Processes: Access Management is the execution of policies and actions defined in Information Security and Availability Management. 35.1.2 Activities: Verification, providing rights, monitoring identity status Logging and Tracking access, Removing or restricting rights
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36 Continual Service Improvement Objective: To ensure continual improvements to IT Service Management Processes and IT Services.
36.1 Basic Concepts:
36.1.1 CSI provides guidance in creating and maintaining value for your customers through better design implementation and support of services. NOTE – there are 3 models that you need to be able to memorize and discern in CSI – and they will test you on these. To help you – I will share my techniques I use with my students. 36.1.2 CSI Model: o 6 steps (ok – this is corny – but think “six” model… “sexy” model… - to discern from “7 step improvement process”) o What is the vision? – business objectives o Where are we now? – baseline assessments o Where do we want to be? – Targets o How do we get there? – Process Improvement o Did we get there? – Measurements and metrics o How do we keep the momentum going (last step!!!!) 36.1.3 Deming Cycle (remember Deming….DO – “DD”) o Plan - Scope, requirements, objectives, Roles and Responsibilities o Do - Funds, Policies, reports, managing, changing o Check - Monitor against plans, survey, report o Act Policy on improvement, assess, implement o Never stops – cyclic as many times as required
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37 Service Measurement and Reporting Goal: To coordinate the design of metrics, data collection and reporting activities from the other processes and functions.
37.1 Basic Concepts:
37.1.1 There are four reasons why it is important to measure and report: o To validate that we are supporting the strategy and vision. o To justify actions/expenses/measures taken or applied. o To direct resources (time & money) in the most appropriate way. o To intervene when necessary. (e.g. to avoid breaching SLAs) 37.1.2 o o o
Types of Metrics: Technology Metrics Process Metrics Service Metrics
37.2 Key Terms: Baseline: A benchmark used as a reference point for later comparison. Technology Metrics: Often associated with component and application-based metrics such as performance, availability etc – System architects/designers Process Metrics: Captured in the form of KPIs and activity metrics for the service management processes. They help to determine the overall health of a process. Four key questions KPIs can help answer are centered around quality, performance, value and compliance. CSI uses these metrics to identify improvement opportunities for each process. – Process Owner Service Metrics: The results of the end-to-end service. Component metrics are use to calculate the service metrics. - SLM Copyright The Art of Service
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38 Continual Service Improvement Process (aka 7 Step Improvement Process) Goal: To coordinate a structured approach for improvements to IT services and ITSM processes
38.1 Basic Concepts:
38.1.1 7 Step Improvement Process o Define what we should measure o Define what we can measure o Gather data o Process data o Analyse data o Present information o Implement corrective action NOTE – to help remember this – I recommend you memorize the first letters: “DDG PAPI”. ( I even sing these letters to “Old Macdonald had a farm”) 7 letters – 7 steps… From here – you will be able to relate letters to the possible answers.
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39 Practice Exam Questions Due to licensing rights, we are unable to use official APMG ITIL Foundation Mock Exam questions. More Sample exams can be purchased from EXIN at www.exinbookshop.com Question 1 After a Change has been implemented, an evaluation is performed. What is this evaluation called? a) b) c) d)
Forward Schedule of Changes (FSC) Post Implementation Review (PIR) Service Improvement Programme (SIP) Service Level Requirement (SLR)
Question 2 Defining the value and objectives of IT Services is the primary concern of which of the following elements of the Service Lifecycle? a) b) c) d)
Service Strategy Service Strategy and Continual Service Improvement Service Strategy, Service Transition and Service Operation Service Strategy, Service Design, Service Transition, Service Operation and Continual Service Improvement
Question 3 The main objective of Availability Management is? a) To provide maximum availability for IT Services b) To ensure that service availability matches or exceeds the agreed needs of the business c) To ensure that all targets in Service Level Agreements (SLAs) for customers are continually delivered d) To guarantee availability levels for services and components
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Question 4 What does the Service V model represent? a) The utility and performance requirements of new and changed services b) The path to Service Delivery and Service Support for efficient and effective utilization of resources c) A strategy for the successful completion of all IT changes d) Levels of Configuration and testing required to deliver a Service Capability Question 5 What is another term for Uptime? a) b) c) d)
Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) Mean Time to Restore Service (MTRS) Mean Time Between System Incidents (MTBSI) Relationship between MTBF and MTBSI
Question 6 What is the CORRECT order of the first four activities in the 7 Step Improvement Process? a) Gather data, process data, analyse data and present data b) What is the vision, where are we now, what do we want to be, how do we get there? c) Define what you should measure, define what you can measure, gather data and process data d) Plan, Do, Check, Act
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Question 7 What is the main reason for establishing a baseline? a) b) c) d)
To standardise operation For later comparison For knowing the cost of services provided For roles and responsibility to be clear
Question 8 Which aspect of Service Design is missing from the list below? 1. The design of services 2. The design of Service Management systems and tools 3. The design of technology architecture and management systems 4. The design of the measurement systems, methods and metrics to be used 5. ? a) b) c) d)
The design of Functions The design of Service Level Agreements The design of applications The design of processes
Question 9 Which is the first activity of the Continual Service Improvement (CSI) model? a) b) c) d)
Assess the current business situation Understand the vision of the business Agree on priorities for improvement Create and verify a plan
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Question 10 Which ITIL process is involved in performing risk assessments and a business impact analysis to determine appropriate "countermeasures" to be implemented? a) b) c) d)
Availability Management Problem Management IT Service Continuity Management Service Asset & Configuration Management
Question 11 Which of the following areas would technology help to support during the Service Transition phase of the lifecycle? 1. Automated workflow of ITIL processes 2. Measurement and reporting systems 3. Distribution and installation of patches 4. Performance testing of new and modified services a) b) c) d)
1, 2 and 3 only 1, 3 and 4 only 2, 3 and 4 only All of the above
Question 12 Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of Event Management? a) To detect events, make sense of them and determine the appropriate control action b) To monitor interactions and exceptions within the infrastructure c) To monitor and control the activities of technical staff d) To detect and escalate exceptions to normal service operation
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Question 13 Which of the following are Service Portfolio components within the Service Lifecycle? 1. 2. 3. 4.
Requirements Portfolio Service Pipeline Configuration Management System Service Catalogue
a) b) c) d)
1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 4 only 2, 3 and 4 only All of the above
Question 14 Which of the following is NOT a step in the Continual Service Improvement (CSI) model? a) b) c) d)
What is the vision? Did we get there? Is there budget? Where are we now?
Question 15 Which of the following statements about Supplier Management is INCORRECT? a) Supplier Management ensures that suppliers meet business expectations b) Supplier Management provides capabilities for seamless quality in IT services c) Supplier Management negotiates internal and external agreements to support the delivery of services d) Supplier Management should be involved in all stages of the service lifecycle, from Strategy through Design and Transition to Operations and Improvement
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Question 16 "Warranty of a service" means which of the following? a) The service is fit for purpose b) Customers are assured of certain levels of availability, capacity, continuity and security c) The service has been tested appropriately with no errors being found d) All customers are given free support for the service for a stated period of time Question 17 A Process owner is responsible for which of the following? a) Purchasing tools to support the Process b) Defining the targets that will be used to evaluate process performance c) Ensuring that availability targets specified in SLAs are met d) Carrying out all the activities defined in the Process
Question 18 Functions are best described as? a) b) c) d)
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Self-Contained units of organizations Inter-related activities with a defined goal or output Closed loop control systems A team of IT staff who provide a single point of contact for all user communication
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Question 19 How do organizations use Resources and Capabilities in creating value? a) They are used to create value in the form of network availability b) They are used to create value in the form of goods and services c) They are used to create value to the IT organization for Service Design d) They are used to create value to the IT organization for Service Transition Question 20 IT Service Management is best described as? a) A set of specialized organizational capabilities for providing value to customers in the form of services. b) The processes required to deliver and support services c) The processes that enable efficient IT service delivery and support d) A technically focused set of management practices for IT service delivery Question 21 ITIL can be best described as? a) A holistic, Service Lifecycle approach to ITSM based on international best practices b) Repeatable and adaptable ITSM processes c) An international standard for ITSM d) The best way for an organization to improve its IT service delivery and support
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Question 22 Processes can be described as? a) Activities designed to make delivering IT Services more effective and efficient b) People and the tools they use to carry out activities that gain revenue c) Inter-related activities carried out for the purpose of creating value for customers or stakeholders d) Capabilities used to reduce IT costs Question 23 The ITIL V3 framework is best described as? a) b) c) d)
An Service Delivery Lifecycle An IT Management Lifecycle A Service Lifecycle An Infrastructure Lifecycle
Question 24 What are the four perspectives(attributes) considered for IT Service Management? a) b) c) d)
Process, Partner, Product, People Hardware, Software, Management, Process Process, Product, Pricing, People Technology, Process, Management, People
Question 25 Which of the following statements is ALWAYS CORRECT about 'good practice’? a) b) c) d)
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It is a strict set of rules and practices to be complied with It is something that is successful in wide industry use It is used by the most profitable international organizations It is always based on ITIL Copyright The Art of Service
Question 26 "If something cannot be measured, it should not be documented" is a principle that applies to which of the following? a) b) c) d)
The Glossary of Terms A Service Level Agreement (SLA) An Incident Management record A Configuration Item (CI)
Question 27 Technical Management is NOT responsible for? a) Maintenance of the technical Infrastructure b) Documenting and maintaining the technical skills required to manage and support the IT Infrastructure c) Defining the Operational Level Agreements for the various technical teams d) Diagnosis of, and recovery from, technical failures Question 28 The BEST definition of an event is? a) An occurrence that is significant for the management of the IT Infrastructure or delivery of services b) An occurrence where a capacity threshold has been exceeded and an agreed Service Level has already been impacted c) A known system defect that causes low impact incidents d) A planned meeting between Service Level Managers and customers
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Question 29 The four stages of the Deming Cycle are? a) b) c) d)
Plan, Measure, Monitor, Report Plan, Check, Re-Act, Implement Plan, Do, Act, Audit Plan, Do, Check, Act
Question 30 The goal of Service Asset and Configuration Management is to? a) b) c) d)
Account for all the financial assets of the organization Provide a logical model of the IT infrastructure Build service models to justify ITIL implementations Provide capabilities for managing documents across the organization
Question 31 What is missing from the following Service Strategy processes? Service Portfolio Management Demand Management a) b) c) d)
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Financial Management for IT Services Service Level Management Supplier Management Information Security Management
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Question 32 What is the difference between a Known Error and a Problem? a) The underlying cause of a Known Error is known. The underlying cause of a Problem is not known b) A Known Error involves an error in the IT infrastructure, A Problem does not involve such an error. c) A Known Error always originates from an Incident. This is not always the case with a Problem d) With a Problem, the relevant Configuration Items have been identified. This is not the case with a Known Error.
Question 33 Which ITIL process is responsible for drawing up a charging system? a) b) c) d)
Demand Management Supplier Management Financial Management for IT Services Service Level Management.
Question 34 Which process reviews Operational Level Agreements (OLAs) on a regular basis? a) b) c) d)
Supplier Management. Service Level Management Technical Management Contract Management
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Question 35 Who is authorised to establish an agreement with the IT organisation for the purchase of IT Services? a) b) c) d)
the user the Service Level Manager the Chief Information Officer the customer
Question 36 Why should monitoring and measuring be used when trying to improve services? a) b) c) d)
To validate, direct, justify and intervene. To validate, measure, monitor and change To validate, plan, act and improve To validate, assign resources, purchase technology and train people
Question 37 There have been multiple incidents recorded by the Service Desk. It appears that the network is congested due to multiple connections. What kind of actions should the Service Desk analyst take in this instance? a) They should ask the Capacity Manager to expand the capacity of the network b) They should ask the Problem Manager to look into the problem right away c) They should ask the Security Manager to check whether too many authorizations may have been issued. d) They should ask the Service Level Manager to revise the Service Level Agreements (SLA) with a decreased availability target
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Question 38 What is the best definition of an Incident Model? a) A type of incident involving an authorized Configuration Item (CI) b) The template used by Service Desk analysts to record incidents c) A set of pre-defined steps to be followed when dealing with a known type of incident d) An Incident that is easy is solved at first contact
Question 39 What is the name of the activity within the Capacity Management process whose purpose is to predict the future capacity requirements of new and changed services? a) b) c) d)
Application Sizing Demand Management Modeling Tuning
Question 40 What is the RACI model used for? a) Documenting the roles and relationships of stakeholders in a process or activity b) Defining requirements for a new service or process c) Analysing the business impact of an incident d) Creating a balanced scorecard showing the overall status of Service Management
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Question 41 What is the role of the Emergency Change Advisory Board (ECAB)? a) To make sure the Change Manager responds urgently to emergency changes b) To assist the Change Manager to implement urgent changes c) To assist the Change Manager in evaluating emergency changes and to decide whether the change should be approved d) To assist the Change Manager in rushing the emergency change process so that changes can occur quickly Question 42 Which information does the "Financial Management for IT Services" process deliver to Service Level Management? a) b) c) d)
the cost of hiring new IT staff The costs of the Financial Management system The total costs Application Management How much has been spent on IT services per client.#
Question 43 Which ITIL process ensures that the IT Services are restored as soon as possible in the case of a malfunction? a) b) c) d)
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Change Management Incident Management Problem Management. Service Level Management
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Question 44 Which of the following are the three main types of metrics as defined in Continual Service Improvement (CSI)? 1. Process Metrics 2. User Metrics 3. Service Metrics 4. Technology Metrics 5. Customer Metrics a) b) c) d)
1, 2 and 3 2, 4 and 5 1, 3 and 4 1, 2 and 4
Question 45 A Service Catalogue should contain which of the following? a) b) c) d)
The Licence information of all software Decommissioned Services Proposed or in development Services Details of all operational services
Question 46 A Service Level Package is best described as? a) A definite level of utility and warranty associated with a service package b) A description of customer requirements used to negotiate a Service Level Agreement c) A description of the value that the customer wants and for which they are willing to pay d) A document showing the Service Levels achieved during an agreed reporting period
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Question 47 A Service owner is responsible for which of the following? a) b) c) d)
Recommending improvements to services under their care Defining and documenting Service Requirements Carrying out the activities needed to support a Service. Reporting service levels back to the customer.
Question 48 Incident Management has a value to the business by? a) Helping to minimize infrastructure cost of adding new technology. b) Enabling users to resolve Problems c) Finding permanent solutions to ineffective business processes d) Contributing to the reduction of outages. Question 49 Operations Control refers to? a) The managers of the Event and Access Management Processes b) Overseeing the monitoring and escalatng of IT operational events and activities c) The tools used to monitor the status of the IT Network d) The situation where the Service Desk manager is required to monitor the status of the infrastructure when Service Desk Operators are not available
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Question 50 Which are the missing Service Operation processes from the following? 1. Incident Management 2. Problem Management 3. Event Management 4. ? 5. ? a) b) c) d)
Access Management and Request Fulfilment Event Management and Service Desk. Facilities Management and Event Management. Change Management and Service Level Management.
Question 51 Which is correct: 1) CSI provides guidance on improving efficiency and effectiveness. 2) CSI provides guidance on improvements to services 3) CSI provides guidance on improvement of all phases except Service Strategy 4) CSI provides guidance on measurement of processes a) b) c) d)
1 and 2 only 2 only 1, 2 and 4 All of the above
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Question 52 Which of the following BEST describes a Workaround? a) A Service Desk Operator uses a pre-defined technique to restore service as this Incident has been seen before b) A second level support person uses trial and error to solve an Incident. One of them works, but does not know why c) After reporting the problem to the Service Desk, the user works on another task while the problem is identified and resolved. d) A service works now and then, thus allowing the user to continue working with interrupted levels of performance while the support person resolves the problem. Question 53 Which of the following is a good use of a baseline? a) b) c) d)
The desired end state of a project A marker or starting point for later comparison The current desktop models in use. The type of testing to be done for release
Question 54 Which of the following is a responsibility of Service Level Management? a) Design the configuration management system from a business perspective b) Create technology metrics to align with customer needs c) Supporting the creation of a Business Service Catalogue d) Train service desk on how to deal with customer complaints about service
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Question 55 Which of the following is an activity of IT Service Continuity Management? a) b) c) d)
advising end users of a system failure. documenting the fallback arrangements reporting regarding availability. guaranteeing that the Configuration Items are constantly kept up-to-date.
Question 56 Which of the following is NOT an example of a Service Request? a) A user calls the Service Desk to order a toner cartridge b) A user calls the Service Desk because they would like to change the functionality of an application. c) A Manager submits a request for a new employee to be given access to an application d) A user logs onto an internal web site to download a licensed copy of software from a list of approved options Question 57 Which of the following statements are CORRECT about Functions? 1. They provide structure and stability to organizations 2. They are self-contained units with their own capabilities and resources 3. They rely on processes for cross-functional coordination 4. They are costlier to implement compared to processes a) b) c) d)
1, 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 4 only. All of the above. None of the above#
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Question 58 Which of the following statements CORRECTLY defines Outsourcing delivery model options? a) Insourcing relies on internal resources; outsourcing relies on external organisation(s) resources b) Insourcing relies on external organisation(s) resources; outsourcing relies on internal resources. c) Insourcing relies on co-sourcing; outsourcing relies on partnerships d) Insourcing relies on knowledge process outsourcing; outsourcing relies on application service provisioning. Question 59 Which of the following statements is CORRECT? 1. Only one person can be responsible for an activity or 2. Only one person can be accountable for an activity. a) b) c) d)
All the above 1 only 2 only None of the above
Question 60 Which of the following best describes the primary objective of Knowledge Management? a) Auditing the configuration management system from a business perspective b) Reducing the staffing requirements for the Service Desk and other support teams c) To ensure reliable and secure information and data is available throughout the Service Lifecycle d) To reduce the average Mean Time to Restore (MTTR) for incidents affecting Service availability
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Question 61 Consider the following statements: 1. Service Transition provides guidance on transitioning new services into live environment 2. Service Transition provides guidance on releases 3. Service Transition provides guidance on the transfer of services to or from an external provider Which of the above statements is CORRECT? a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 only c) All of the above d) 1 and 3 only Question 62 Which activity in Service Asset & Configuration Management would help to ascertain which Configuration Items are undergoing maintenance at a particular moment in time? a) b) c) d)
control verification and audit identification. status accounting
Question 63 In which ITIL process are negotiations held with the customer about the availability and capacity levels to be provided? a) b) c) d)
Availability Management Capacity Management Financial Management for IT Services Service Level Management
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Question 64 The following options are considered within which process? 1. Big bang vs Phased 2. Push and Pull 3. Automated vs Manual a) b) c) d)
Incident Management Release and Deployment Management Service Asset and Configuration Management Service Catalogue Management
Question 65 The main benefit of using Service Design tools is? a) To help ensure that design standards and conventions are followed b) To help ensure that incidents are detected as quickly as possible c) To help enable different CIs to work together d) To help collate metrics used for improvement Question 66 Which of the following are objectives of the Release and Deployment Management process? 1. To develop a release and deployment policy 2. To ensure that training occurs for new service to operations and support staff 3. To ensure that new services are tested prior to release 4. To provide cost justifiable IT availability that is matched to the needs of the business a) b) c) d)
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1, 2 and 3 only All of the above 1 and 3 only 1, 3 and 4 only Copyright The Art of Service
Question 67 Which of the following benefits would be LEAST useful in supporting a business case for service improvement? a) Reduced technology investment by 20% due to more accurate capacity and performance modelling processes b) Reduced support manpower demand by 30% due to automated incident and problem management processes c) Reduced level of customer complaints due to more effective Service Level Management d) Reduced Problem resolution time by half due to improved knowledge management Question 68 Which of the following BEST describes a Local Service Desk structure? a) A Service Desk that also provides onsite technical support to its users b) A Service Desk where analysts only speak one language c) A Service Desk that is situated in the same location as the users it serves d) A Service Desk that could be in any physical location but uses telecommunications and systems to make it appear that they are in the same location Question 69 Which of the following is NOT one of the ITIL phases? a) b) c) d)
Service Organization Service Transition Service Design Service Strategy
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Question 70 Which of the following statements is CORRECT about patterns of demand generated by the customer's business? a) b) c) d)
They are driven by patterns of business activity It is impossible to predict how they behave It is impossible to influence demand patterns They are driven by the delivery schedule generated by capacity management
Question 71 Which is NOT and objective of Service Design Phase? a) Ensure that IT staff are trained and able to carry out building and testing of new service b) Convert strategic objectives in portfolios of services and service assets c) Ensure production and maintenance of Service Catalog d) Ensure cost justifiable capacity of service is matched to business needs Question 72 Demand Management is primarily used to: a) b) c) d)
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Increase customer perception Eliminate excess capacity needs Increase the value of IT Services Align business with IT needs
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Question 73 Learning and improvement is the primary concern of which of the following elements of the Service Lifecycle? a) Service Strategy, Service Design, Service Transition, Service Operation, and Continual Service Improvement b) Service Strategy, Service Design, and Service Operation c) Service Transition and Continual Service Improvement d) Continual Service Improvement
Question 74 The Information Security Policy should be available to which groups of people? a) b) c) d)
Senior Account managers and all IT staff Senior managers, IT executives and the Service Desk All customers, users and IT staff Information Security Management staff only
Question 75 The objective of Service Asset and Configuration Management is best described as? a) To maximize the performance characteristics of Configuration Items (CIs) in b) To manage CIs from an operational perspective c) To ensure that assets and CIs deliver the business requirements they were designed to achieve d) To define and control the components of services and infrastructure and maintain accurate configuration records
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Question 76 The objective of the Change Management process is most accurately described as? a) Ensuring that all changes are recorded, managed, tested and implemented in a controlled manner b) Ensuring that emergency changes to IT infrastructure are managed efficiently and effectively c) Ensuring that changes have appropriate rollback plans in the event of a major incident d) Maximizing services by allowing changes to be made quickly
Question 77 Which of the following is NOT an objective of Service Operation? a) Thorough testing, to ensure that services are designed to meet business needs b) To deliver and support IT Services c) To manage the technology used to deliver services d) To monitor the performance of technology and processes Question 78 Which of the following questions is NOT answered by Service Portfolio Management? a) b) c) d)
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How should our resources and capabilities be allocated? What are the pricing or chargeback models? Why should a customer buy these services? What are the support procedures for this service?
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Question 79 Which of the following would NOT be stored in the Definitive Media Library (DML)? a) b) c) d)
Master copies of authorized software Backups tapes of financial data Software licences Master copies of controlled documentation
Question 80 A major Incident: 1) Requires shorter timescales 2) requires a separate system 3) requires a separate procedure Which of the above is true? a) All of the above b) 1 and 3 only c) 1 and 2 only d) 2 and 3 only
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40 Answers 1. B 5. A 9. B 13. B 17. B 21. A 25. B 29. D 33. C 37. B 41. C 45. D 49. B 53. B 57. A 61. C 65. A 69. A 73. D 77. A
2. A 6. C 10. C 14. C 18. A 22. C 26. B 30. B 34. B 38. C 42. D 46. A 50. A 54. C 58. A 62. D 66. A 70. A 74. C 78. D
3. B 7. B 11. D 15. C 19. B 23. C 27. C 31. A 35. D 39. A 43. B 47. A 51. C 55. B 59. C 63. D 67. C 71. A 75. D 79. B
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4. D 8. D 12. A 16. B 20. A 24. A 28. A 32. A 36. A 40. A 44. C 48. D 52. A 56. B 60. C 64. B 68. C 72. B 76. A 80. B
41 ACRONYMS AM Availability Management AMIS Availability Management Information System BCM Business Capacity Management BCP Business Continuity Plan BIA Business Impact Analysis CAB Change Advisory Board ECAB Emergency Change Advisory Board CFIA Component Failure Impact Analysis CI Configuration Item CMDB Configuration Management Database CMIS Capacity Management Information System CMS Configuration Management System CSF Critical Success Factor CSI Continual Service Improvement CSIP Continual Service Improvement Program CSP Core Service Package DIKW Data-to-Information-to-Knowledge-to-Wisdom DML Definitive Media Library DS Definitive Spares FTA Fault Tree Analysis ISM Information Security Management ISMS Information Security Management System ITSCM IT Service Continuity Management ITSM IT Service Management IVR Interactive Voice Response KEDB Known Error Database KPI Key Performance Indicator MoR Management of Risk Copyright The Art of Service
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MTBF Mean Time Between Failures MTBSI Mean Time Between Service Incidents MTRS Mean Time to Restore Service OGC Office of Government Commerce OLA Operational Level Agreement PBA Pattern of Business Activity PIR Post Implementation Review PSO Projected Service Outage QA Quality Assurance QMS Quality Management System RFC Request for Change ROI Return on Investment SAC Service Acceptance Criteria SACM Service Asset and Configuration Management SCD Supplier and Contract Database SIP Service Improvement Plan SKMS Service Knowledge Management System SLA Service Level Agreement SLM Service Level Management SLP Service Level Package SLR Service Level Requirement SPM Service Portfolio Management SPOF Single Point of Failure SSIP Supplier Service Improvement Plan TCO Total Cost of Ownership TQM Total Quality Management UC Underpinning Contract VBF Vital Business Function VOI Value on Investment
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42 Glossary Alert: A warning that a threshold has been reached, something has changed, or a failure has occurred. Asset: Any resource or capability. Application Sizing: Determines the hardware or network capacity to support new or modified applications and the predicted workload. Baselines: A benchmark used as a reference point for later comparison. CMDB: Configuration Management Database CMS: Configuration Management System Configuration Item (CI): Any component that needs to be managed in order to deliver an IT Service. DML: Definitive Media Library Function: A team or group of people and the tools they use to carry out one or more processes or activities. Incident: An unplanned interruption to, or reduction in the quality of an IT service Known Error: A problem that has a documented Root Cause and a Workaround KEDB: Known Error Database Copyright The Art of Service
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Maintainability: A measure of how quickly and effectively a CI or IT service can be restored to normal after a failure. Modeling: A technique used to predict the future behaviour of a system, process, CI etc MTBF: Mean Time Between Failures (Uptime) MTBSI: Mean Time Between Service Incidents MTRS: Mean Time to Restore Service (Downtime) OLA: Operational Level Agreement Process: A structured set of activities designed to accomplish a specific objective. Process Owner: Role responsible for ensuring that a process is fit for purpose. Remediation: Recovery to a known state after a failed Change or Release RFC: Request for Change Service: A means of delivering value to Customers by facilitating Outcomes Customers want to achieve without the ownership of specific Costs and risks Service Owner: Role that is accountable for the delivery of a specific IT service SCD: Supplier and Contracts Database Service Assets: Any capability or resource of a service provider
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Serviceability: Measures Availability, Reliability, Maintainability of IT services/CI’s under control of external suppliers. SIP: Service Improvement Plan SKMS: Service Knowledge Management System SLA: Service Level Agreement SLM: Service Level Manager SLR: Service Level Requirements SSIP: Supplier Service Improvement Plan Status Accounting: Reporting of all current and historical data about each CI throughout its lifecycle. Trigger An indication that some action or response to an event may be needed. Tuning: Used to identify areas of the IT infrastructure that could be better utilized. UC: Underpinning Contract Utility: Functionality offered by a product or service to meet a particular need. Often summarized as ‘what it does’. VBF: Vital Business Function Warranty: A promise or guarantee that a product or service will meet its agreed requirements. Copyright The Art of Service
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43 References ITIL. Continual Service Improvement (2007) OGC. London. TSO ITIL. Service Design (2007) OGC. London. TSO ITIL. Service Operation (2007) OGC. London. TSO ITIL. Service Strategy (2007) OGC. London. TSO ITIL. Service Transition (2007) OGC. London. TSO
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INDEX* A Access Management 2, 46 Access Management and Request Fulfilment 66 Access Management Processes 65 accountability 12 Accredited Training Organization 1 act 51, 59, 61 AMIS 25 AMIS Availability Management Information System 78 APMG 6-7 APMG ITIL 1, 5 APMG ITIL Foundation Mock Exam, official 50 Application Management 42 total costs 63 Application Management Function 2, 42 application portfolio 42 Application Service Provision 21 application service provisioning 69 Application Sizing 62, 80 applications 39, 42, 52, 68 modified 80 operational 42 Art of Service 1-83 Art of Service ITIL 1 Art of Service Objective Tree 2, 9 assets, organization s 27 Automated workflow of ITIL processes 53 Availability and Information Security management 39 Availability Management Information System 25 Availability Management Process 11 B backup 43 balance 37 baseline 48, 52, 67, 80 Basic Concepts 11, 15, 17-19, 21, 23-7, 29-32, 34, 36-8, 40-9 BCM Business Capacity Management 78 BCP Business Continuity Plan 78 BIA Business Impact Analysis 78 book 1, 3 business 11, 15, 17, 21, 24-5, 36, 44, 50, 52, 65, 71, 73, 75 articulate 17 customer's 73 business action 16 business activity 18, 73, 79 business case 16, 72 Business Continuity Management 26 business demands 18 business expectations 54 Copyright The Art of Service
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business expertise 21 Business Function 82 business objectives 9, 47 business perspective 67, 69 business process 21 Business Process Outsourcing 21 business processes, ineffective 65 business requirements 20, 74 business security 27 Business Service Catalogue 23, 67 Business Services Catalogue 23 business situation 52 business time scales 26 business value 17 C CAB Change Advisory Board 78 Calling Service Desk 38 capabilities 11, 13, 15, 20, 29, 54, 56-7, 59, 68, 75, 80-1 capacity 14, 16, 18, 24, 43, 55, 61, 72 capacity levels 70 Capacity Management 2, 24, 70, 73 Capacity Management Information System 24 capacity management process 24, 62 Capacity Manager 61 capacity requirements 62 capacity threshold 58 Centralized Service Desk 38 Certification Pathway 2, 4 Change Advisory Board 33 change decisions 33 Change Management 2, 12, 32-3, 63 Change Management and Service Level Management 66 Change Management process 75 Change Manager 63 Change Mgt 32 Change Schedule 32-3 changes 12, 19, 32-3, 39, 43, 50-1, 61, 63, 68, 75, 79, 81 authorized 35 completed 32 failed 81 normal 45 planned 33 changes/transitions 29 CI (Configuration Item) 31, 33, 39, 43, 58, 60, 62, 68, 70, 74, 78, 80-2 CI monitoring tools 43 CIA 27, 39, 46 CIs, see Configuration Items Closed book exam 5 CMDB 30-1, 35, 80 CMDB Configuration Management Database 78
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CMIS 24 CMIS Capacity Management Information System 78 CMS 30-1, 80 CMS Configuration Management System 78 confidentiality 27-8, 46 Configuration Item, see CI Configuration Items (CIs) 31, 43, 58, 60, 68, 70-1, 74, 80 Configuration Management 31 Configuration Management Database 30, 80 configuration management system 31, 54, 67, 69, 80 contact 38-9, 55, 62 content 1, 6 Continual Service Improvement, see CSI Continual Service Improvement Phase 10 Continual Service Improvement Process 3, 49 continuity 14, 16, 28, 55 Contract Management Copyright 60 cook 15-16 Core Service Package 16 Cost of Service 37 costs 11, 15-16, 21, 52, 57, 63, 71, 73, 81 cross-functional coordination 68 CSI (Continual Service Improvement) 2, 47-8, 52, 54, 64, 66, 74, 83 CSI Continual Service Improvement 78 CSI Model 47 CSIP Continual Service Improvement Program 78 CSP Core Service Package 78 customer complaints 67, 72 Customer demand for Services 18 Customer Metrics 64 customer organizations 21 customer perception 73 customer perspective 37 customers 11, 13-16, 23, 33-4, 36, 47, 50, 55-7, 61, 64-5, 67, 70, 74-5, 81 customers Copyright 58 D data, organization s 39 Definitive Media Library, see DML Definitive Spares (DS) 34-5 delivery 12, 37, 41, 81 delivery of services 54, 58 Demand Management 2, 18, 59-60, 62, 73 Demand Management Process 24 Demand Management strategies 24 departments 29, 42 Deployment Management 2, 34, 71 Deployment Management process 71 design 15, 19, 21, 40, 42, 48, 52, 54, 67 Design and Transition to Operations and Improvement Copyright Copyright The Art of Service
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design implementation 47 design specification 36 design staff 40 design standards 71 designations 3 development 17, 23, 29, 36 Development of Service Knowledge Management System development Services 64 discern 47 DML (Definitive Media Library) 34-5, 76, 80 Downtime 81 DS (Definitive Spares) 34-5 E ECAB (Emergency Change Advisory Board) 32-3, 63 ECAB Emergency Change Advisory Board 78 effort 15-16 Emergency CAB 32-3 Emergency Change Advisory Board (ECAB) 32-3, 63 emergency change process 63 emergency changes 63, 75 evaluating 63 errors 44, 60, 67 evaluation 27, 50 Event and Access Management Processes 65 Event Management 2, 43, 53, 66 Event Management and Service Desk 66 exam 1, 6, 8, 18 Exam Preparation book 1 Exam Prerequisites 2, 5 exam process 6 Exam Specifics 2, 5 excess capacity 18, 73 execution 39, 46 Expert status 4 External Business View 37 External Service Provider Copyright 12 F Facilities Management 41 Facilities Management and Event Management failure 39, 79-81 Financial Management 59-60, 63, 70 Financial Management system 63 Formal arrangements 21 Forward Schedule of Changes (FSC) 32, 50 Foundation Bridging Exam 1 Foundation Program, accredited ITIL 10 FSC (Forward Schedule of Changes) 32, 50 functional requirements 20, 36 functionality 39, 68, 82
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functions
10, 12-13, 21, 41, 48, 52, 55, 68, 80
G goal 24, 59 Goal 17-18, 21, 23-7, 30-2, 34, 36, 38, 40-6, 48-9 goal, defined 55 groups, functional 12 guidance 12, 40, 47, 66, 70 H holistic Service Lifecycle approach
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I implementing resources 11 Incident Management 35, 63, 65-6, 71 incident management record 58 Incident Manager 13 Incident Model 62 incidents 28, 32, 35, 39, 44-5, 58, 60, 62, 67, 69, 71, 75-6, 80 automated 72 multiple 61 record 62 Indian restaurants 15 Information Security and Availability Management 46 Information Security Management 2, 27, 59, 74 Information Security Management and Access Management 25 infrastructure 13, 26, 35, 39-41, 43-4, 46, 53, 58-60, 65, 74-5, 82 technical 58 infrastructure cost 65 Infrastructure Lifecycle 57 Insourcing 69 Internal Service Provider 12 Intranet forms/requests 38 investment 21, 79 ISM Information Security Management 78 ISMS Information Security Management System 78 IT-organization 38 ITIL 1-2, 4, 8-9, 14, 56-7, 83 ITIL implementations 59 ITIL phases 72 ITIL processes 13, 53, 60, 63, 70 ITIL Service Lifecycle 10 ITIL V2 FOUNDATION MATERIAL 6 ITIL V3 framework 57 ITSM 9, 11, 13, 56, 78 ITSM processes 49, 56 J justifiable capacity
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KEDB 78, 80 Key Terms 13, 17, 22, 24-5, 28, 33, 35, 39, 43, 45, 48 Knowledge Management 2, 30, 69 knowledge management, improved 72 Known Error 60, 80 L letters 49 liability 3 lifecycle 14, 19, 21, 42, 53, 82 Lifecycle Programs 4 Local Service Desk 38 Local Service Desk structure 72 location 15, 72 London 1, 83 M MAC (Move, Add, Change) 39 Maintainability 81-2 maintenance 23, 58, 70, 73 Major Problem Reviews 44 malfunction 63 management 11-12, 41, 43, 57-8 management decision 30 Management Lifecycle 57 management practices 56 management systems 52 managers 12-13, 65, 68 Managing Applications 42 Master 76 meal 15-16 Mean Time 51 average 69 Mean Time Between Failures, see MTBF Mean Time Between System Incidents (MTBSI) Mean Time to Restore (MTTR) 51, 69, 79, 81 Mean Time to Restore Service (MTRS) 51, 81 memorize 47, 49 metrics 19, 47-8, 52, 64 application-based 48 model 36, 47, 51-2, 54 defined test 36 chargeback 75 desktop 67 logical 31, 59 modified processes 19 monitor 13, 47, 53, 59, 61, 65, 75 monitor interactions 53 monitoring 22, 43, 61, 65 monitoring identity status Logging 46 MoR Management of Risk Copyright 78
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Move, Add, Change (MAC) 39 MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) 51, 79, 81 MTBSI (Mean Time Between System Incidents) 51, 81 MTBSI Mean Time 79 MTRS (Mean Time to Restore Service) 51, 81 MTRS Mean Time to Restore Service 79 MTTR (Mean Time to Restore) 51, 69, 79, 81 N neighbourhood 15 network 13, 21, 41, 61, 65 network capacity 80 non-authorized users 39, 46 O objectives, strategic 14-15, 18-19, 73 OGC 83 OLAs (Operational Level Agreements) 58, 60, 81 Operational Level Agreements (OLAs) 58, 60, 81 operational management 40 Operations Management Function 2, 41 organisation, external 69 organization 9, 13-15, 17, 21, 28, 30, 32, 39, 42, 55-6, 59, 68 external 21 profitable international 57 organizational capabilities, specialized 13, 56 Organizational Readiness Assessment 20 organizational structure 12 organizations release policy 35 organization s 21 organization s business processes 42 organization s staff member/employee 13 outcomes 11, 13, 16 outsourcing 21, 69 knowledge process 21, 69 outsourcing delivery model options 69 outsourcing organizations 21 owner 3, 11-12 ownership 11, 15, 79, 81 P Patterns of Business Activity 18 Payroll Service 12 PBA Pattern of Business Activity 79 performance 22, 48, 53, 67, 75 performance modelling processes 72 person 3, 13, 69 Perspectives of ITSM 11 phase 1, 7, 13, 66 PIR (Post Implementation Review) 33, 50 Plan 47, 51, 59 Copyright The Art of Service
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Post Implementation Review (PIR) 33, 50 practice exam questions 3, 6, 50 Proactive Problem Management 44 problem 60-1, 67, 80 Problem Management 2, 44, 53, 63, 66 problem management processes 72 Problem Manager 61 process data 49, 51 process expertise 21 Process Improvement 47 process manager 12-13 Process Metrics 48, 64 process owner 11-12, 48, 55, 81 processes 1, 6-7, 10-13, 19, 21, 23, 29, 33, 46, 48, 52, 55-7, 62-3, 66, 68, 80-1 [2] Projected Service Outage 32-3 provision 18, 22 PSO 32-3 PSO Projected Service Outage 79 publisher 3 Q QA Quality Assurance 79 QMS Quality Management System quality 9, 11, 16, 30, 39, 48, 80 perceived 16 seamless 21, 54 quality food 15
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R RACI model 12, 62 RACI Model 12 Reactive Problem Management 44 Reduced level of customer complaints 72 Reduced Problem resolution time 72 Reduced technology investment 72 release 29, 34-6, 67, 70-1, 81 deploy 34 Release and Deployment Management 2, 34, 71 Release and Deployment Management process 71 Release Management 34-5 Release Package 35 Release Unit 35 request 13, 33, 39, 45, 68, 81 Request Fulfilment 2, 45 resources 13, 20, 40, 51, 56, 61, 68-9, 75, 80-1 direct 48 responsibilities 12, 29, 47, 52, 67 restaurant 15-16 Restore Service 67 Retired Services 17
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RFC Request for Change 79 rights 3, 46 risks 11, 15-17, 81 roles 13, 40, 42, 47, 52, 62-3, 81 Row 12 S SAC Service Acceptance Criteria 79 SACM Service Asset and Configuration Management 79 Schedule of Approved Changes 33 Scope 27, 31, 47 security 16, 27-8, 55 Security Incident 28 Self-Contained units of organizations 55 Self Help 38 Service Acceptance Criteria 20 service acceptance/review criteria 36 Service Applicability 20 Service Asset 35 Service Asset & Configuration Management 53, 70 Service Asset and Configuration Management 2, 31, 59, 71, 74 service assets 19, 31, 73, 81 service availability 25, 39, 69 service availability matches 50 Service Capability 51 Service Catalog 73 Service Catalog Management 2, 23 Service Catalogue 17, 23, 54, 64 Service Catalogue Management 71 Service Catalogue Management works 23 service component 35 Service Contacts 20 Service Continuity Management 2, 26, 53, 68, 78 service delivery 42, 56 Service Delivery and Service Support 51 Service Delivery Lifecycle 57 Service Design 2, 19, 29, 40-1, 50, 52, 56, 71-2, 74, 83 Service Design & Topology 20 Service Design Manager 13, 29 Service Design Package contents 20 Service Design Packages 19, 29 Service Design Phase 10-11, 36, 73 Service Design s 19 Service Desk 38, 61-2, 65, 67-9, 72, 74 Service Desk Function 2, 38, 45 Service Desk Operators 65, 67 Service Desk Organizational Structures 38 Service Functional Requirements 20 service improvement 72 Service Improvement Plan 82 Service Improvement Programme (SIP) 50, 82 Copyright The Art of Service
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Service Incidents 79, 81 Service Knowledge Management System (SKMS) 30, 82 Service Level 33, 58, 64-5 Service Level Agreements, see SLAs Service Level Management 21, 23, 59-60, 63, 67 effective 72 Service Level Management Copyright 70 Service Level Manager 58, 61, 82 Service Level Packages 16, 64 Service Level Requirement (SLR) 20, 50, 79, 82 Service Level Requirements 20, 50, 82 Service Lifecycle 1-2, 8-9, 14, 30, 50, 54, 57, 69, 74 Service Lifecycle approach to ITSM 56 Service Management 1-2, 4, 9-11, 15, 17, 40, 56-7, 78 service management activities 27 Service Management Copyright 62 service management processes 47-8 service management systems 19, 52 Service Measurement 3, 48 Service Metrics 48, 64 service models 59 Service Operation 2, 34, 37, 74-5, 83 service operation, normal 43, 53 Service Operation and Continual Service Improvement 50 Service Operation Phase 10 Service Operation processes, missing 66 Service Operational Plan 20 Service Organization 72 service owner 12, 65, 81 Service Packages 16, 64 Service Pipeline 17, 54 Service Portfolio 17, 23, 54 Service Portfolio Management 2, 17, 59, 75 Service Program 20 service provider 14, 17-18, 81 Service Provider Types 12 service providers, external 31 service provision 26, 31, 38 service quality 32, 37 Service Request 39, 45, 68 service requirements 36, 65 Service Retirement 19 Service Solutions 19-20 Service Strategy 2, 6, 15, 50, 66, 74, 83 Service Strategy and Continual Service Improvement 50 Service Strategy Copyright 72 Service Strategy Phase 10 Service Strategy processes 59 Service Support 51 Service Transition 2, 29, 50, 53, 56, 70, 72, 74, 83 Service Transition and Continual Service Improvement 74
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Service Transition and Service Operation 50 Service Transition Manager 29 Service Transition Phase 10, 36 Service Transition Plan 20 Service Validation 2, 36 Service Value 15 service works 67 Serviceability 82 services 1-83 based 21 changed 29, 36, 51, 62 decommissioned 17, 64 deployment 17 end-to-end 48 maximizing 75 modified 19, 53 operational 23, 64 portfolios of 19, 73 provider s 17 standard 45 transitioned 35 services/CI s 82 Services Delivery and Support 43 services match 36 Shared Service Provider 12 SIP (Service Improvement Programme) 50, 82 SIP Service Improvement Plan 79 skills 38, 42 customer service 16 SKMS (Service Knowledge Management System) 30, 82 SKMS Service Knowledge Management System 79 SLA Service Level Agreement 79 SLAs (Service Level Agreements) 7, 50, 52, 55, 58, 61, 64, 82 SLM 21, 23, 82 SLM Service Level Management 79 SLP Service Level Package 79 SLR, see Service Level Requirement SLR Service Level Requirement 79 software 13, 35, 57, 64, 68 application 42 process handling 38 SPM Service Portfolio Management 79 SSIP Supplier Service Improvement Plan 79 stability 37, 40, 43, 68 staff 30, 38, 55, 63, 73-4 stakeholders 11, 14, 57, 62 Standard Changes 39, 45 standby, hot 26 Step Improvement Process 47, 49, 51 strategy 1, 7, 48, 51, 54 Supplier Management 2, 21-2, 54, 59-60 Copyright The Art of Service
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Supplier Management works 21 Supplier Service Improvement Plan suppliers, external 21-2, 82 Support Business processes 42 support services 56 Supporting Service Package 16 synthesis/application level 6 system architects/designers 48
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T Table of Contents 2 Technical Management 40, 58, 60 Technical Management Function 2, 40 Technical Service Catalogue 23 technology 7-8, 40, 57, 65, 75 purchase 61 Technology Architectures 19, 52 technology help 7, 53 Technology Metrics 48, 64, 67 terminology 6, 8, 10 time 7, 13, 15-16, 28, 48, 55, 70, 81 tools 8-9, 13, 19, 52, 55, 57, 65, 80 TQM Total Quality Management 79 trademarks 3 Train service desk 67 tree 9 TSO 83 U understanding 1, 6, 9, 15, 18 basic 8 Uptime 51, 81 users 13, 38, 45, 61, 65, 67-8, 72, 74 authorized 46 utility 16, 51, 64, 82 V V2 6 validation 36 VBF Vital Business Function Virtual Service Desk 38 vision 47-8, 51-2, 54
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W warranty 3, 16, 55, 64, 82 words 6-7 key 6, 31, 37 www.artofservice.com.au www.theartofservice.org www.theartofservice.com 83
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