>, T. €. KYrlbTypbl eb rtcHoMr' clrlrc,rrt. llpiz arouo rnaeHtlitxifi uet HHXI, Kiencxiri a rarixe a 4p1,rie 6onte BHaqHTe"rIbHbIe IIeHTpbt gToli KvJtbr\/pbr HaxcAnJrplcbBT, npaBoSepeNrlorl Vxparint, r. e. e H t o6,racrn, coeAr.{HuBrrreficscr, Mocreorc. Ho H Kieecxifi r,r ocrar-rbHbrer,'rpaaHcxie KyJrbrvpHbre IIeI{TpbI stKantr,t I{HJIH \,'xe, u*' g1;ullroCtH,eut xaxoro-.rin6o naqiosa,rylsaro P]tc,ua. Bt ;1r,'qLLIel,I't cltiqat oHH )t(I{,r-IHH a q i oH a . r l s o f i T p a ; l i a q i e r ' r , r r l r e H n o ; r p e B H e f ir p a 4 n q i e r i K i e n crcorl Ptrcn. Ho ar, 3nc,xv XVII etxa 3ra rpaJHrrin 6u,ra AaBHL) v x e o M e p r n t e L u ei r r p a - r lr u ' i er : i , H C ro p Hq ec : i Hv b n e p e l K n n a H i e v r , , $opr,rorc [orlrrJ 6egr. acaxafo ;.ririBoroco-1ep;iiiuiR.tr4nccxonr,rcrr oHil eil-{e Slr"rrzrxnea, oHrr BceU6.rroil€p€a'rn,lzicb B:b qepKoBHyK}, u o H r p e c c i c H a , l b H y r oi K , H 3 H b.. . H e n u 3 R , r i o H e q H o , o r p n r { a r b , q r o H zra l{epKoBHo-KoH{'ecciona,nbHafl ;'r{H3Hb,Ia H soo6u{e vKpaHHCKaffKy,irbrypa Tofo BpeMeHH,3aKJiroqafiv B'1,ce6t sosMox' Hocrn HoBaro uauiosa,rsuaro pasnuriR. Mlr o6paqaeur, oco6oe sHrrnlaHieqr.{Tare.nflHa oro uaure sal.rtqaHie n eu1e BepHeNICflrr, erofi relrt,. flora-xe roirbKo oru'braut, qro N,rbrfoToBtI Bb AaHHoM'b orsoueHirr npr.rHnrb H npu.rioxr{rr rt Vr r>r,o H H M a Re f o r a r t p a s e n r i eB ' b B o g M o l K H o c r H . Ho ryrc-ro i.r cKagaJracbHcropliqecKafl cy4r6a Vxpariuur, et noroxieHie lrex4y ABys{r rocyAapcrBeHHocrflMa <<6o.rroruoro cTHiIfl>>. 5y4yVn cyuecTBeriHo oTiiHqHa r{ 3THr.{qecKH14 B'rr ctuttc;tt <>H or.b flo;rlu:r,r H orb Mocroniu, Vrparina rtlrt r. e. He co3AaJra se mente He co3Aai-ra>, ee Ha ceoeir co6creesnoii arsirqecxor2 noqe6. Breqesie etroea, VrcpafiHa 6u;ra ronlKo <<M:bcropasenrielrr)),T. e. KVJrbrypHbrMT' gaqiOO6paSHOfiCH,1Ibi. coeAHHCTBOMT,,,'ikIIrIeHl-{biM'b nOAdITHHHOfi 14 s'i, erolil'b Herb3fl He sHAtrr He ronbxo rrapaJIJIeJIH3Mb, Ho r{ nprrvroe nocntAcrsie eq nonarfiqecxoii cyAb6br. Ona 6r't,r.a i l l t e H r . r o < < V r p a r i n o r o > >T,. e . o K p a s H o f i A B . v x ' bH a r { i o s a r l r , -
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18
t s ' M t l H l e M bn e p e p O ) t ( A , a r ' Ia c b C a M a r O c y A a p C T B e H _ riocrb (a raKxe H qepKoBb), r. BtrtcrA c.b HHM H r{ H a r{ i fl. trlst Soplrbr 6opb6br c} arHocoMb, q6M.b oHa 6u,ra cr. caN{oii 3apu Harxel.i ucropin, Het raasHtfiuraro ear_ r o p a c o 3 A a n i x H a q i n , f o c y A a p c r B e H H 0 c r bC a M an o c r e n e H H o n p e BPAUIAJIACb EI SYHXqiTOSTHOCA, T. C. HATIOJIHHJIACb 9THHI{CCKHMH ieveHitl.II.t, frpOHHKa,'Iacb 3THIlqecKHMT,colepxauienlt, eoo6qe npopocra,'ra 3THocoM.b.Toxe car,loe npou3otxJro H c.b qepKoBbro, n p ; 4 L r e r r 18, 1 , q e p i i B H 3 T O i I p O H H X H O A e H3i eT H r r r { e c K H Mrne q e H i gnIH Harla,{OcbrOpagAO paHb[Ie eIIIe C.LrB€JHKHXb, r{epKOBHbrxb epeceH r.i 6opeHiri XV e6xa. tr4 sacxo,rtKo MocKoBcxarr qepKoBr, J.,'xe ts.b XVI eti{ir orKr'roHx,tracb or:b ApeB/-re_npaBoc.daBHotirpallnqin, - BHAHOxorq-6br H3'b rrocraHoeneHirt croi-,natsafo co6opa . . . TaxNun-ro lruoroo6pa3HbrMH nyrqMH arHOCI, npocaqnBa/'rcrrH B.b caMo6 Haqirc, T. e. pa3JiaraJr.bee. Hai{is irocreneHso o6r.rupa.ila,Tepr,na cBori raKrb H crn,rrb, cBoe lialrprBr€uie, e c e c e o d . l a e a e r u e e f t c t r b r c . r .rb, rc u , , I V . M e r a rlrl.rsa,recxoeco4epNauie. fln.neuix, Br, r{oTopbr^, cnajlrsancq sroT'r, I]poqecc'b pa3r-ror{eHiflHarIiH, 6u,uj I,rsorooSpasHsr. Bt qacrHoc'l'H, cro/Ia orHocHTcrr H croJb 6,necrqqe leMoHcr.pHpoBaHHoe xu. Tpy6eqKHM.r,yr,{HpanieMccroBCXHXT,JureparypHar{J r3brriii u eoo6rile ,rrHTepar\/pbr.Toro-xe rlopffAKa u $arcra )'[aJKA B'rr ro-](€ BpeMfl p-vccKafo uepKoBHafo ucxyccrna (pa6orlr ll. Mvparona). crcAa-xe orHocuTcfl! HaKorer{Tr,r{ aHTLrulinPipoBaHHoM e oci{otscKoe c , { a B f l u o $ a r l c r e c ( a " n ae e p a s i r 2 c r e o ) X V I I e ' b x a . 3 r o - r o < < c , . i r a n t u o $ n r o c r e o >3>T,o - r o o d o x e c r e " r r e H i e 5 t t ' rr l , H n u p o x - t a , l i J x o , r , r i r : i n , n H v r p c u H i n n p o r l l n o p t u i n h i n p f l i r o H p a c x o J T , s r , c o g H a u i ; i t l o c K o B C i ( H \ b , r I t o J . € l :nt :D o l n e o p i ' , , r i ; rr r c ; r , - 1 \ ,e1 , t . r - l u r r i rc T L l i t u H b rq. i l c T o 3 T H i l q e C K u r , r -t b s ., be f o ocuos'lr, .]\:BCTB0lI1,< lI rri'BCrts0il,Iborcrar0cl'a, f)escr.i.riqrr Her.lrl,uis cr, Jp]'roii. .fl r-xe iitct;.rcfl (cu. ssrrue .'r. .1) 3'r.HX'h,rrporr.rBopt.rifi e-F, uocxoncl,or:i ncnxo,rorin XVll etxa. 7]o6aB;'rK),rtro B.b pe3\',rbrart sce 3To i,i BeJo K:b HauioHa"{bHo}ry 6escxniro, x-r, norept xi4Bofo rtvBCTBrtHaqiH, neeaI r r t i H o n p e B p a u l a B u t e r i c qB l : 3 T H o C - b ,T . € . t i b H a i { i o H a r i b H o u V carroS'Siricrsy. fJpeAuAvurr.iM'bHI.{cKoJbKo He orpr{qaercfl HaJrr.rqHocrb B.b Alocuoeim XVII etxa v no.lion{vre,'rbHbrx.b,,rBopqecx?rx6 rrporleccoBb. MoxHo npnBecrr.r He MaJro cpaxroet, npor:unoptuauduxb, Ha nepelttl BgfjrflA.b, Bbrtueng,ro)xeHHolr\., Lrirr4,no r<pari_ uefi lrtp6, oc.na6narcu1ux.b Harilv xapaKrepnci.rzr.iy'.I{o 46.no He B'ri o't'HX'borA6,lrstrxr, rpaxraxt, a B.b itxt o6u1efi paeuo4tricrBlrroll{eH, r. e. nt o6u1etrr, raparcrept MocKeli XVII stKa. f l p n a e c r u r i r , n o s H a s i t o a n o x H , x u n o 3 H a u i r oe f l c \ ; u { H o c r n , & r o I(eTT', KaK'b Bno,Iut cnpane4JHBo toBopnrt Tpyrdeqxoft, narirs : M S K C h M S . r b HH e e , T . e . s r , r s i o H o M H -
19
q e c K o e efl rro3HaBaHie.Bort gro-ro SuaioHounqecKoe ripoHHKHoseHie er, Mocxey XVII etKa H npHBoAHr"b K'b Bofipocy* qTo AaHHafl gnoxa 6una enoxolo pa3,'to)r{euistuocroscxoft Haqin .. . LIro xacaerct Qaxroet, nporuBop:buaulnxr', Ha nepaur? BBf,{flA'b,aroft ocHoeuofi eg reHAegqiu, To Mox{Ho eoo6ule cria. garb, r{To Haqiu HHKofAa He yMnpa}orb cpa3y - Bo ectxt csoHXb nponB;resisxr' H ornpaBireHiqxt. VI sr' 6oJouout, Aaxe' yllrapaloqeM'b opraHnsl{t He pa3crpar.rBarorcflcpa3y ect $1.uxr\iw u Aaxe npoAod'rxaercf HapaUUBaHie xnl,roqext. Taxr, no uHepuir-r, rpo4oJrx{aJrocb H Ha MocrcnA XVII e6rca 46"no rocyA,apcrBeHHarocrponre,/rbcrBa.14 aaxe 6orte roro: B'b Heii xrz.la, e e , ' r a F : i Rn p e A q \ B C I ' B i n n s a p o x { a , r H C b ) ' x c 3 a q a r K H s o e o l . r HAtilH. H o a r u ' r c i B a q a T K H ,3 T H - T o h c x a H i q H o B a f o , - n n o K a 3 b I t s a l o T - b; l l r t l l ] j e B C eof , t t l o o T - b c r a p o l z , l r r , c x o e c r o f i . u a q i u r , x e or,ryert"na )Kr{BaflAy[]a. CoeAarsneecrrB'b aroM'b orHorueHin sa MocKeA XVII s4rxa no,'roxenie ue 6n"no oco6eHHo or/'rHqHo olb rofo, I(oropoe 6u"ro Ha Vxpar?irt. Vxpal:rHa, riaK'b r,rlr na46.nn, 6H,[a cssgaHa c'b ;LpeBHeio Kieecxori Pycuo Jrnrrrb AaBHo \:;.Ke oltepre6eurer? ncropauecrf.o c v n a p c r B e g H u r r Zy u HuMarH3M:r. B4odaeoxt, oHa To"rIbKo rlTo caMa o6e3rnaen,Ia ce6a, T. e. JHrrIHira ce6s cBoer-o Hauioun,ruuaro par excelence oSuiecrseuriaro c.roq. Bce ?lo Lr co3AaBlrJrovc,rloBifl, / npe[flrcrBosasurin slrpa6olxt rra. Vrpal2Ht cat{ocrc]srellHoft saqin. Mocxea-xe 6lrna, BT, rrpornBorro,ilolr{Hocru Vrparin6, no.{"riasHoli Hailier:r. Ho era Hauis saxoAaJracb sr- cocroqHir.r o u p a v e H i x H p a g J i o x i e H i s .K o c e e H H o a r o n p a 3 H a e l b , B o n p e K n coScreeHHoM)/ q.VBCTBy,H Tpy6eqror.r roBopfl, qro Poccig o6rrenrra, Ha py6e)(6 XVII u XVIII e'bxosr,, crapyro MocKoBcKvro KyJrbrypv <>.Ho cfipa[rnBaercrr: Morl{erb-ln Harriq orBepfnyrb c t; o ro K\rnbrvpy? He noxagsrB8€T'b-"rIIlOHZI,OTBepfag ee, qTO 3TO He efl Kyr-lbTvpa, qTO OHA .H o B a R HaqiR, rrro He or? KVr.IbrVpa ee co3Aa,ra, T. e. qro cBfl3aHHafi c'b 3Toro Ky,rr,Tvporo riauin y;xe vuep;ra?
9. Ha roqrt riepectueHin AByx'b ssrureHaMllqeHHbrx'b Hct'opn" qecKnxt, nuraii.r- HeBoBMolr(HocrHcosAauis Hauiu Hs'r, \rKpaHHcKafo <>u pasroxeHin Mocxoscxort uaqiu - ra sapo)r{Aercfl HoBaff, Pocciricraq, uaqiR. . . Bt pesynlrart csoeft [oa'reMHKHct !,oporueHKoMT,, Tpy6eqrofr o6brrB,'rrreTb,qTo He cquTaerr, Bo3MoxHblMb orKa3arbcrr orb csoefi cpopuy,rrsr>. flo 3ToMy noBoAy Herb3s He eaMtrHrb, rrro caMa 3ra @opuy,ra vorna 6url BbIBeAeHaefl aBTOpOMbirn[rb nyTeM'l, utroroparo Hacg;riR HaAb cHcrer'rom efo co6crBeHHbrxr' eoesptHifr. Vl6o, B'b nporr4-
20
EoiloJroxHocrb rrHrrryu{eMy 3rH CTpOKH,KH. Tpy6eqKoft BbrBo.AHT'b H Har{iio H KyJrbTypy H3.b eTHOCa,T. e. CTpOLTT?, HX.r, Ha aT'Hr.rqecKofi ocHoB6. Ho rtur, 3HaMeHare,'rss6eera MHorotoBo_ psilIafl $opuy,ra B.r, efo ycrax.b - fl,BJrfltrnpeBocxoAHufi o6pa3eub HHTyHTUBHaTO nogHasiR. Er 4tCrSeHHArri Cl.rrtcn.bSaKJrroqaercs HMeHHoB'b roM?,, qro eapolx4enie poccificroli saqin _ Hdo se qtur. nstrtr:o n 6stna ra <> tuocroecxol:r Ii]/irb'f\,'pbr, o roropofi foBopr{r}, Tpy6eqxofi, _ sBnJrocb pe3virbraTovrb sHecelriR nr, Mocxny HoBbrxr, H qyxAbrx.b err oTHH_ rl€ciioMv uip\r r>.Msr oqegl He xort,rn 6u, uro6u 3To Harxe yreepx4-eHie 6u.ro noggro rrpeBparHo. Bo BceMa,,qro Mbr Ao cax.b noDb BbrCi!33arH, He 5sr,lo eoo6uqe sn uantriruefi neAooutHxn yxpanH_ croir xy,rtrypu XVII etxa, Hn vantr?uraro Hautpeuin npr.rHu3ln'b ee. Mu, uanpornBt,, rrpngHa.rrH,, r{To 3Ta KyJlbrypa 3eii,ttoL I a , ' I iB] ' b c e 6 t s o s t r o x ( H o c r l j H o B a r o s a q i O u a n t H a r op 'Ha g B H ris. FIo roJrbxo He Ha 3THuqecrcorinoqs6 VxpaliHsl. Ft 3TOMI otioueHiu, KaK:b H Bo MHofHX.bApyfhx.b, Vxpalrua XVII cron6tiq HaxoAHJracb B.r, oAHHaKoBbrx-b c.b coBpeMeHuori er? Mocxsoo yctoninxt: A,trqrofo, qro6u o6a srn xynlrypHora coe;f,liHcTBa,o6a era <,Morflpt ocyulecrBr{Tb 3a_ K.iIl0LIeHHbiflBT' HHX'b g aqi ouantHbr g Bo3Mo)fiHocrH, l,ttur, o60t.tl,lt crbAoBa,'Io orpturltrscn or:b 3THoca, orKa3arbca olt, gTHHqecr;oii noqeH. tr4vtt, o6onrlrt HarJre)r{adro esrrZrH sa npe4Aubl 3Tl * l q e c x o r ? p a M K ry4f ,r r n o.r-b KpoBH ctsoefi nuahrup.nfl, cBoero naqioua"llHaro pasBrarix npe4t.rrr 6onte uruporie. l'l sort, Bri rxHpoKo[,r-b pyccKolvtr nanAnra$rt nonropu,rocs rt_r, tiTi) cToiIbKO nopt KaKb cTohTt lript, co.V;{{epa3T,, Ct, rtxt Beprxa.:rocbsa gelr,lt. Bcf Haqin lripa cos4aBaflHcb 3.fnrM.bnvTeltb, T. e. BHeceHiert'r,Bb cBoe rlvxoro, I,rJH r{To oAHo r{ T O X e - ] , X O j { O } I ' b O T ' i r ' C B O e t O : V X O A O t t lB, C e r A aH n p e ;+(Ae Bceto A)'xoBHbr}t-b,Ho r{acro ll uarepianbHf,IM'b, euenueci-;;ilra'. Br eroMr H 3aKJrFOr{eHa rafiHa pox4enin gauin, orlna u:rl ntullixb ero raliHt, pacxpbrTafl erqe B.b Berxout 3as6Tt ( E r i r i n , X I I , 1 - 2 ) : < f I o f i J H L t 3 a ,3 e M , n H r B o e f i , o r . n p o J c T B a T B O e r o 1 1 H 3 - b . { , o M ao T r I a T B O e r o B . b 3 e l r J r r o ,K o r o p l ' r c f l i ' K a x y r e 6 t . f c l , t " u a r c u s t "re6q ee"lniiifi HapoI-b w 6narocJroBJrro re6q>. 3Jtcl c;roBo < llul,ert saaqeHie HlreHHo H a rI i u. Br nepeno4A Louis Segond, o;1uonr, r.r3atHaHJrvq[rHX.b,eA6cs rcarr pisb vnorpe6reHo cJroBo nation, nnourHt cooreArcreynrr]ee c,'roB\' \a6q, Koropoe ecrptuaeut Bl, nepeao4t LXX. gro cAtnano B.b AaHHout rexcrt, B';rffiqg HeJrbsff Rple, utlrt onpe4taxrb qHcro AlrxoBnylo cyrrluocrb Haqia Bb err npo?I'rBonoJlotfieuiH 3THHr{ecKO- $nsio,toruqecKHMr, tareropiRut
2I
n o q B bi, T. e. poagoti genl,'IH,> H soodtt1e n,ilorcKoro <po.(crBa>*). HosLI*. <,HoBbre uupoxie ropn3oHTbr, HoBbItiao3Ayx'b rl Jara o6oilnrr <>!). Vl Bb pe3vrl'rar$ aroro on"rror,orBopeHinn rnuuracs, sntcrt cr HoBoro rocv.{apcrBeHHocrba <<6onlruoro cr}fvrlg>>,1'. e. * ) P a s ; r u u e u i eM e x A ! ' n a q i e r i (),adc) n 3rHoco14b (ESvo:) c'rpofo npoBo.f,HTcflH e'r' Hogorltr 3ar:'br6, r.[t lrtr Taxxe Haxo.1{t{}16 sno,rHt flcH]:ro H Becbva coBepueHH)'roxouuenqirc uaqis. xaxr' Al'xogHc,t'r x a r e r o p i r . r .C p . l , | I e r p a , Il, g-10 ra oco6enso A6qH., XV, 14, rrt al'Hocbd$.;o: (er p)'ccKour, nepepoAt rpeqecKoe srtcL' nepeAae'fcffuaroxapaKTepHbrM'b cJroBoM'b ),adq Kareropin nauiH sax,ttoqaelb Bt' ce6$ n pe,rnriosHulil MoilcHib, rrro BcerAa H 3arpi/AHs.{ororiHoe pasnpaHuveuieu orAflenie uipa penuriogHaro orr uipa sauiosa,ruuaro H ebrscHeHicorsoureniii lreziA! uepKoBblo l4 focyAapcrBor\{r. O6uee }' erlrx?, As} xr Mipoe'b yxe ro, r{To o6a onu c]r6ctasqia.nsHo npornBonoJloxgbr rvripy ernu.recralo. I-{eproauxe n nauis - rocyAapc'rBo He cy6crartqianrHo npornBono.toxHlrl itfrlff'b Apyry. KaK'r, 6yAro nocyAapcrBose Nnbelt raKxe lt etvxuxt, en'b-opeMeHHbtxbqt;reri, xaxt 6yAro oHo raxxe ne Atnaem boxrgro at,,Ia L. Bt ,u,6*crsureJrbxocrlr uepKoBb n sauis - rocyAapcrBo Hg1r16 no o6u1e r3' nyrrr t4 c,rvx(arb o6u1ttrvrc q!,nqr'Il. VIx't' BgaurtHoe otHou:egie llogi!{o cpaBHHTI c'b orHoueHieut r
22
ilMnepcKolo, i.r Froras IrMnepcKafl >. He >, KaKb noJiaraerr, Tpy6eqxoli, npnnedtroxr, coe4r.rneuirc VxpafiHu cr,, Mocxeoro. Hanpo_ THBb, 3To cr_ieuanie,T. e. r{xrflepcKoe,Bcepocciftcxoe, HaqioHanl_ H o e c o 3 H a H i ea, n N l o c s p e B y J b r a r o M T , aroro coe4uueuiR, pe3\rlbraToM'b c"riqHiq lByx.b BecbMa or,/rnqHbrx.blpvf.b or.b ,{pyra > u 3rHHqecKHXt crnxifi. kI s"r'o-c,tiaHie, ts'b xoropolrb H 3aKd'rroqairocb sapox4eHie HoBori, poccificxoft, Haqin, 6r,lno npe)xAe Bcefo or.paqauieur, o66nxr, arHX! a r H l I t I e c K H Xctr n x i f i , o r K a 3 o M , b or.b HHx.b. Ec.rru clrelrp6rl na rpoHcrxeArxiii et eapox4eHirz pocciricxore saqiu cABHrr, c-b roqKu sp6Hir Mocrnll, To oH.b 6.;.n:o ,4nolir-lblur':pacrxnpnrcn o 5.b e ili .b xouuenqin Harliu a oAHoEpenreHHol.rentHir,[ocb .4o Hey3FraBaeMoc,r.H, oKpacr{BiuHcb coa e p i x e l r n oH o B b r n Hr o n : r l l n , r i B c e e f l c o A e p x a H i e . poccifi_ cxax naqin \rxe ue l{of.xa ocrarbcq 3THHqecKItMr,r,tiporat, utut di't.na, u;rre, roqilAe, Bo qro BbrpoAnjracl, uaqiR _N{ocxoscxas. Bc,rtar 3e vripaHHrlatru, <>, oHa ncxopt BK,'Ircqt{JIa s'l ce6q rr npnbanrificxin uapo.uHocrH H HHopoArlert Kanxa3a, LA 14,Hr{bre, rlaBHO V;{ie BK,trroqeHHbre et Mocxosirc, rauopo4qr,t n€ne6txgo oriaga":rHcb,oJ,HoBpelreHHoc'r) po)r(,4egieut, poccificl*ox llarliH, BKJtcrleHHbrlIHB'b efl paMK!'. EsLril.rexrloqeHbl B.b uee H ctAxaeixiecg Bo ]rHo.;fiecret st Poccirc HHo3etrubr.. . MoxHo npHBecrH HeMa"rrorpaxront Bb noArBepxrxeuie roro, qro Becb 3'ror'rr cIBHr.b nogo6Hsrrl xe crBprf.b co3ra"rr-sstgaAoJrfo .vxe noAroroKorAa n Halrlilo Pulrcxoii rlunepiu BJIflJIcflal ctapor? Mocrs6. IJo xart Hlt [o.{cKa3brB?"rt-b efo focvAapcrBeHso-saIlionar'ibH]:IiiI4FICTLIHKT.b, 3Tor-b. c4BHf.b He Mor.I) st seii oc\,'IrtrecrBLrrbcf,. Hanporns.r,, Mocraa ace 6o.rrte qveerBoBa,;racef)s 3rl-ri.r.recKHrrt' uapcrBoM.b, ace 6o.n6e npeBpaula,ilacb Bb Her0 -- n\,cT!, oHa r.:tHa3btBa,ilace6a qapcrBoM1r IIpaBor,:ri]BHrilrrb:rrOJ.r,suaulireii 060,uo.lxorc arofi xoHtpecciouantHofi lt,Ieo.norin 5ut,:r'r,gr, -qtlicrenre.al,Hocra cKpbIT-t,argplqecxifi ugcTHHKT'b. 3ro ra o5uapy'xHBaercfl B'b roMr,, qro, ulr6s Ha vcrax'b npanoc,laeie, Mc,cxBa sb AtiicreuTedrrbHocrHsce 6on6e oTxoAHJra or-b Hefo n, a1,pcjRruo, ec,rrH6tt He HuxoHt, -_ tr'm,la 6n orb H€fo ot(oHqore;-IbHo. l)ro-ro BCe ri o6rscHsert, norleMy HoBafl, HnrflepcKaf, Hartis. coxpaguBa. 3a npaBoc.taBHoroqepKoBbro rociloncrBvroqee no"roNesie Ir Brrtcrll ci, rtlit oqHcrr.rB'b caMo npanocnaeie, clr,rrbHo14cKaxeliHoe BT' L'rapor:r Mocrst STHHqecKHll{nnpopocrarriRrrnl, He MorJra ece-raxH ocrarbcfi, noIo6Ho yullpanurefi MocxoecFcofi uaqiu, <. . . Cos,releutaqcffoIHoBpetreHHo c.b Bo3HtrKHoseHieM.b l4lrnepira uaqioxa,aluafl Koriqefiqig <<pocciaHr{Ha>> BKjrroqHJIaBb ce6R, uo xpafiHeri ntpt. e'r' Ii.'iet n noresUia,'rt, H ro)(HopyccoB.b.qepKacb H oa"rriftcifi4xr' H6.,nqent. H, qyxHy, H <<Apyra Creneft> KadrlMbrr{atH JriToBciiafo eBpefi, H TaTapHHa. Bt nsStCTHOM.b cuucnt, ElrelrHo IZuneFiR, se clco6euHo rlo6e3Haq cepluy eBpa-
23
ailiqent, - Enpasin>. ocyqecrBr,rJra r.{x.b npofpaMMy <> HaiIIHX:bHeLaBHHXT, CyMepeqHbIXbAeCflTLI,r'briri, 3HailreHoBaBrrrH-x'b HoBoe Bo3BparrleHiext a:rnocy). Harulr n p e * ' I r <X l rV I I I e t x a H e r o , r r b K o n p H , H s J r H B 6 c e 6 s rp]'fHXTr, rro H car{H cra,rw HHbIMH, qtut 6ung HXri npeAKH XVII ntra. Bt qvscret <<poccinHnHa> 6ula Hssllcraaa I I p H n o / { H n r o c r l , u s a t c r H o e } { \ - x { e c r t so H r B o p r l e c K o e y c r p e Mneuie, nsetcrHuli <nstconir? crH,'Ib> xopomo HaMa, 3HaKoMbIe no ,rnreparypt XVIII atxa H oAHHaKoBoqvxiAbre H crapoft Mocret H i(eHcTBeHHoil < CVMepeqHbIX,b AeCflTH,'r{lrift XIX etxa. Cpasuure"nlHo cb HIrMH I-i co craporo Mocxaon, qyBcrso <<pocciruraua>> 6brro He ro,rrbKo 6o"{6e trrapoKnM'b, Ho r{ 6onte BbrcoKHM'bqvBcrBoM'b. 5r,rrt <<poccissi.nrolra>> 6u,no rpy4Hte" gHalruTe,'rbrio,o r e 1l r c r B e H u'b e. q'i;ltt 6ttrs < HJIH <. Ho u no cyqecrsv aro 6btiro HHoe r{\.rBcrno:ptgutgn,rHcb cal{H npH3HaKu ua(ioua.rnuaro 6ufin. Cfiuuocro <<poccinHcrBa>>, Poccin-l4trnepin earc;tor{aJracbHe ToJIbKo B'b roM'b, qro oHa 6tua o6uapHte Mocxesr MarepiaJIbHo H AyxoBHo, Ho H B'b roM'b, qro oHa 5rr"la rie-Mocreorc H . q a x e x o n r p r - M o c K B o r o) :t ( l i B b r M ' b o r p H i l a s i e u r , Moc ri B bI. 14 suxro Jryqme xH. Tpyfgqxoro He npor{HK:ir B'b cyulecrBo npolzcu-re4uraro cIBHra -.'- xors oH'b w He cvlttnr yr,ry6nrrca B'b ero rnopuecriit cMbrc,rb (cnr" Hiaxe rnasv l0). 3ro 6st"rrocnoeo6paeHoe rBopr{ecxoe npeo6paNesie sauioua,uuHaro qyBcrBa H Bcefo HarlioHa,,rlHaro nopqAxa, BT, Koropbrxi: x a x t ' 6 u t M a t ' H r t e c x nB H o B b n p o 6 v 4 n n o c r e s p o n e i r c x o e c o s H a u i e . H6o orxasa, orb Mocxesr H o3Har{a,'I-b,Br caoeli jlSrlcrsenuorlr cyIIIHocrH, Bo3BparqeHie xr crn,'rFo enponeftcnofi rynltypu. . . H nponcure4uirl nr poxleHin r{oBor1,Poccificrol:r, saqiu cABHrb 6unr ,4o raxoft crerreHr{ Bceo6beMirrou{'b H enatcrt, ct r'*;ns Ao TaKoH cTeneHH pea,rleH'b,r{TO oH'b He 3aMeix,xHn'bpoAHTb H H o B bI ft Ss 3 H q e c x i li rH rrb, or.nr.r,{r{srft or.u < H
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10. I,,i xariou creneHn peit.nbHa,Jo rarofi cl'eneHu Atiicrsei{ria 5u.,t;r pox4eHHafl st aroir <-vxpaunu3aqir.r>> r nocnt;Iyloulellt, eeponei.icxolrr cAerrrt Poccificraq Hauis, - BLtAHoryrlrue Bcei'o noxo,rtnifi vxpaaacrorl na cv4n66 BbrpocrrrHxr' RT, efl palttt <<Moxso 5u,no rJIr yKpallHuesr XVIII stxa gaHHre.,n.r?IfeHqin. HHllarb l{lr r1}rnepcKoftcnrrx66 BblcoKie nocrbl BnJIorb Ao KaHiI,irepa, foBopnr-n !,opoureHKo, Ho Bt' rolKe BpeMn p64xir? ns-s lli.{xl, 3a6blBa,'IT:, cBo}o trpHrIal.[exHocTb Kb n a q i H [{ a,7lop o c c ir? c x o li>. Br grorrr cyx4eHiu nopasHreJlbHo orc-v.-Tc r n i r ' u c r o p n q e c x o i i r . l H T v n q i l . tJ.a x e f i p o c r o t ' o n o H H M a H i f lc M I - , t -
25
c"Ta_ cJroB'b.Heyxe;ru aBTopT, He r{yBcrByerb, qro ?,ro H cuy: 11". Ao6H_HnelrpaxeHin coBeprxel{Ho ue su6,ru B.b ycrax.b AAsre;reri XVIII e6xa tra,'ropoccil.icKaro npoHcxox4eHir, rofo 3Haueuifl, I(oropoe oHb xor{er.b B'b HHXb uafiru? Heyxelx oH.b He q}iBclByelb, rtro rupaxeHiR npo46 <>_ '.c l l q e 6 1 s ; ' g r t e t A r - , I t B b t p a ) K e H i ex: e H c K a n H a u i n - a l t t , , r s tsb HX'b ]rcr?xi, ,'iaurs $urypa,nrHufi, a qacro H npqMo rzpor{H.iecxiti crlurc"rt? Ha calrovrr, ;1t,r.b ynpaiisa se 6tina, KaK.b Mbl eH46-'rH,,uauier? n et XVli ntxd, r. e. r o cBoefo coeAlruenis cr, Mocxeon. A f ortiori, oHa He Mor,la crarb erc _ a.b XVIII-lrt,. . . Bce 3t.o orHroAb erqe He 3HaqHTa,,qTo oHa noodqe He MOfd'Ia6st clall ex), H Mbr eu{e BepHeMCflK-b 9TOMVB0frp0cil. He oaHaqarclr, 3'rH Ha[lH c)'xJeHig a roro, rrro sb Atsre,rqrt X V I I I n X I X n t x u u r , t \ { a , ' r o p o c c i i i c x a r or r p o , c x o x A e H i a H e 1f,iic'r'BoBa"rrw, Hapfl/rv c-b ocHoBrrblmnHaI{ioHaJIbHbrMH (r. e. atrnepcxuuu) J,r.rpeK'r'HBaMH H cosuaHieiut, H Htxoropus ci{"{bt cneqi.rtfnvecKa-JiKpaHHCKaro<>. KaxAas o6nacro Poccim BrrocHJIaB'b gToM'b or'oureuiu oqeHb MHoro cBoefo B"b. i;6qeuunepcrcifi saqioHa.naHufi c[eKrp'b. I,l xart cant uaruioHfl;'IbHblii Haulr fl3biK'b 3Byqa/.]'b na,llexo He o/LHHaKoBo B.b 01.4'b"rrur,rxt qacrsxb Haqionalluofi reppuropiu, ranr, cr, lp)._ rofi cropoHbr, JloAll ,qa)KeHe BjTaAtB[Jie saqioHa"rlgblM.b r3brKo&{'b, KaKb Mnotie gocroqHbte HHoponIJbr, t iu4, Hanp., _ -Ao 'Htrrr1r,r, nocJrtn,irqro ,lecsru,atrin XIX etxa npn6a,rrii?cxii RCe-X(eBXCLT{,iil{gt uaui0Ha,rIbHoeJt,,lo. OHu He ToJIbKOC.:ry)r{H,iIHeM}/, }to - LI.ro Bb laHHo}t-b c":t\'.tztt ffB.rlgeTcflen{e 6o,ryte tsa)I(HbtM'bHCXO;IH,IIII H3b fIpOAVKTOllil-I:.
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Ha"rrL;Hr,re BepxH, T. e. B.b .r,o, qTo paHte 6uJro uur.t. flo6tAa ar, rITO Bepxh II e p e. HOCAB'i) TOM'L,,B'b CyII{HOCTH,H gaKJIIOqaeTCfl, craloT'b 6tirt H a u i o H a J r b H b I M A H n p o p o c T a r c T9. T b_ .Iiocol.r'rr,r. e. flepecTaroT"b6trTb BepxaMn. 3ro n IlpoH3otuJlo _ canbrl'rn il,rHofoo6pasHblMail]lTtrMH- CA,pyccKnMH BepxaM[4B.b C\:l!epeqHbtn IeCflTH,'16Tifl . Bosepaulaxcr K.b nocrpoeHiflMb Tpy6eqrcoro, orM:bruM.b, r{T0 uri'rr npHxoAr,{r1)Kb 3aKirnrleHiro o npnuar.b KVjrbr\rpbr, o npH3HaHi.r.lsit Freto 6on6e Hr'rH MeHte UCrnrcqn_ Te,rbHo clrvHxqin < - Ha ocHoBaHiHKar{ecrBeHHori ea oq'tHKr4. [-lo ecsx?rMt oqtsxau.b arofo pola tscerAa IIpHC\iqa ngn{,crgas c\r6.beKTnBHocrt,nc,n64creie uero, 6y4yvn y6tAnre,rlnbrl{H Jtfl o/{HHX.r),ori6 pncxyror:b 6brrb MaJroy66AHTe.4br-rbiluH .4,Xrillp\irrrxr. 8406anoKb, nor:Lo6HHfi paqioFrailylcrl|.qecxiii fiorxoJ,r, e.:IBa-JrhrrB,nflercs B'b AaHHo[{r, cnvqat viutcrHbilr.n,. /IIaHHi,rqrrpoS.rieua Molxer.b pasptrullft,cs He rbiu mnu HHb|\il{ xa6ngerruul,tn oqtHxaMH, HO CaMOTO it(H3Hbro,Koropaff 6o,;rrrueio qacrbK) He p\/KoBo.qurcn paqioHaJIHCTHqecKHMk coo6paxeHinlrra. Ho ,rvtr--To tr tsbrcrvllaerb cHoBa, eo scelt cBoeft a K T y a i l b H o c r p rt,s O f l p o c b :K a K b p a s p 6 r u a e r . b , K a K b B o o 6 q e M o _ x e rb paSplruHrb no2loSnlrn np06.neutr xasilt? H 4ocr:arovHo n(lcTaBHTb 3ToIb Borrpocr,, q.i.o6u vBHAarb, qro pa3ptrlleHie ,raHHorl npo6"tentu, naprt.lae,r.roexu. Tpv6euKhMG, ue- 6y4em npHrrrrro it{H3Hba. Fla.lilll cr, 'fofo, rrl.o coBeplxeHHo HencHbIM,r,npeAcraBJlffe'fcn, K't'o fBi.rrcf cv6'LeKToMb - l.t sMtcrt ct rtnrr, TaK.b cKa- gaK.na-4brBaeMafo 3art <6euecprrqiaHrou'b>> roqreHHbrM.baBTopolr't, \,'Kpar.rHCKaro uapiaura pvccxofi KyJrbrypbr >. 146o, ec,ni,tpa3\/Irtrt ttojl-r, arr.tM.b <<araxeMb>>arHl,rqecKil?, 6srli, ,- x ql'o-;rie nHoe ].ro;,r{rropast'lrtrl nor-b 3THMI? - ro 3ro1'1, 6uT1, Ia.leKO lre qB,irrie-1.'b, Ha npocTpaHcret TeppHTopiH, o'i'socr.rrroii surit, N'1, Vxpauu-b, xlrxoro-.'ru6o opraHnqecKafo e4nHCTBll. 3rsnqecrrifi 5mrr, Bolr,rHH, ffo.ro,loR, XepcoHrrlHHbr, Kieeui{Hr'r, lkr,'rrasu{}tlrr,r. t{epullroBrrlr.rHbl, C,lo6oIcrofi VxpaHHbr, Kv6alrcxoir o6,tac'r'r.iu Kvpcr roBoporr,tt; oH.b 3aK,rmqarorb Bb ce66, Hanpo'rnBb, rvrHofo or46,rtHbrx.t' HapoAHbrx'b roBopbst. tr{ ecrr-r gct ars roBopbr 3HaqHTeJIbHoor.nnqarcTcfl ort, ronopoet ct-
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tsepHbrx'b Ctnept BcerAa or,trnrraercfl ort IOra ro H Ha Ctrept raxxe Htrt e4lluaro Hapo&Haro roBopa, r. e. arhxb roBopoBT, ,qoBoirbHo MHoro. OrcrcAa BH.{Ho, qro ecJIH yxe AtftcTRHTeIbHO OTnpaBJIflTbCtIOT"b 3THOCa,T. e. IIpHAHaTb 3a HHMI, npaBo >,ro rrpHAelcl, uro6tr 6HTr snofiHt nocnt4oBareirbHbrMb, cog,4,aBarbHe 4ea eapianra xlaxHsro sralxa pyccxoli Ky.nbrypbr - yKpan;rc (at rtcHolrlt clruc"ri6), BoJrofoAcKo-apxaHrenbcKaro, nprIBoJrxcKafo, \rpairbcKaro, cuSupcraro H t{Hbrxb eapiaHroe's pJ/ccKofi Kv"{brypbr. k\ uago [paBAy cKagarb: q g c T o n c n x o J l o f H r r e c K no ' t ' p b r B ' bc a S n p c x a r o , H a n p . , S T H o c a or'" qeirrpaJIr,Ho-p\/ccKHXb,xoHeqHo, fr'Iv6){ie lt no,rH6e, qtrrt, orpblB'b orb HHx'b gTHoca o6,nacreli yKpaHHcKHx'b." . Ho Aaxe ec,rn npn3Harb ptaaoululr"b npn3Haxorrr, pl13xr.ruie uapogHblxTr roBopoB'b, To Bo[poc'b ocroxHqercrr eUIe Fl qro Harun, ropo4cxie FoBopbr cyqecrBeHHo or.rrnrrHb{rtur, oco6esHo Hir yKpaiiHt - om- AepeBeHCKHxr'.B's Atficrenre,noHocln ropo4cxori foBoprJ Vxparini; vixe AaBHo HSXO{H;-rcri rro,{T> cnltHtfiilrrM"r, s,nigHierf{'bpasrrute-cR, He BeJ-rHKop};ccKptxr, H a p o l H b l x ' fbo B o p o B T- , H O p ] , c c K a f O " I I i .rIe p a T ) ' p H i l r o s B br K a. Tarror:i-xe fopoAcxoli roaopt o6paeoea,rcq rr Ha CtlrJTo oco5esHo gaMtqare,,rbHo -- oAHoBpel'renrio' repl5. Ho IlpoHcxo,qu.[6 H npol(ecct ssahniHafo r]pncnoco6nesis H iipr{bnnxenix .{p}/r'b K'b npyr}r o6onxr, fopoAcK}ixr, roroponr,: c'bBepHaro rr ro)KHafo. To.ntxo rrro yKa3aHHbrflcr-{Mnro*rataqecxirrqeneHig ripaiiuc. t'iNrepecHu caMH [o ce66. Ho eHa.{eHie HXb eule }rBe,'rnqr{Baercfl Ilol'oMy, qro oHH BxoAHJTHcocraBHolo qacrbro B'b eule 6o,ribe o6u1ili, Bb eule 6o"rte urnpoxiir lpoqecc'b. Br, pvccxour, r,lipA ycntno o6pasoearrcfl 3a noc"rrtanie nofintxa, [o.{'b AepxirBL{L]H ctHlfi Pocciftcxoft uarlin, ro, qefo se 6srno HH B'L,o.4Ho&{'bt{3'r} ocraJlbHbrx'b Kp!rys61yt naqiosa,rbHbrx'b uipost Enponu. Br. To BpeMg KaK'b Bb i'epirlauiu [oMepaHetlt ct 6o"rtslrrHMT,,rrxttrb TpyAOMT, nOHHMaeT"bmSa6a unn 6anapqa, Bb To BpeMfi KaK'b Bo @paHqin HopuaHAer{'b tr,roXo noHHMaerb [poBaHca.iibqafa nr, Hra;lin xala6pieqt wirw cwr\yrilieqr' aoece He floHn]{aelb aou6aplifiua wir+ rrbeMoHraHr{a(eqe x}rxe - rr' trlcnaHir'r),pyccxift npoocroJraAuHa, Moxert npoflrH orr, B;raAusocroHa Ao Kapnarr u aes4t oHr, 6v4er"r 6egb rpyga noHflrb H call'rl BcsKafo noftuerr. O6rscusercrr sro r6rwt, qro y Hacb 1:6s{gg o6paeoearlcs o K o JI o JrnTeparypHaro, Bx, rtcHourr cltuc.nt cJroBa, flBbIKa lr fl3blr{a o6paeoeaHHblx'b KJIaccoB'b rn! rloAb H€.-
38
nocpeAcrBeHHbrMr,Lrx'b BfiiflHieub - Hbqro BT, poAt li nguae vulgatae H a K o r o p o $ i r o e o p a n o n p o c r o H a p o A b eP a u c x a r o uipa a.nu stqlo et, po46 norvr), pacnpocrpaHHeuertca noBceutcrso no BceMy Bocroxy B'b anoxy 4ia4oxont. flo4o6Horo-xe lingua vulgata u n u x o t v l l H r r o r ' r b 3 f l e r cffol B o p f l r r l i f i , a , o Ma Ha cBoei\{'b npr.rsuuqiaebHoM'brosopt HJ|H patois pyccr, flgblK'b. Taxt lllsefiqapia nutert rpa uaqioHa.ltHtrxr, rr3brKa (ue cvnran poMaHAcraro): SpaHqyecrirl, Htrueqxirl H HTaJrbfl,Hcxifi. Bo nepBbrx:b,4et paenauuun uaqin Moryr.b autrl oAHH.b r-t ToT-b-:fiefl3brKr,. Taxt o6"rracTHpacnpocrpaueHin anr"riificraro r3brxa pacnaAarorcrr Ha rlBa o6oco6"nessuxt Harliosa.nrHtrxt uipa: 6pnrancxili n aMepHriaHcKirl.OpaHuyscKirl sgHx.b flBJrflercfl HaqiouanrHbrMb He ro,irbxo no @paHqin, Ho H et Eenlrin (raxxe t{ s}, lfleefiqapin). Ct ;rpyroft cropoHbr ecrb r.r AByflsbrtrHbrfl rl trHorie H3'b Hac.b HeBoJIb. Aaxe nHorofl3brqHblfl saqiu. Tart-ro Ho lrblcirrrt no rpa$ape'fy: cKo,'rbKonaqioHa,rtnbrx'b KyJrbryp'b *- cloJrbKo H r3brxoB'b. OgHaro, a'ro rpe6oeaHie oAsonsblqHoclu naqioHarlsort Ky,'rbrypbr nprMo nporaBoptuurt cSarnaut. Tai o6uap.yrlsHHoit o6paaosaHienru Haureft lingua e vulgatae. s J r n l r a p u s r f tc K o J r o K ' b 3r:om pyccKaro .Tlxreparypnafo 13brxa oKagbrBaJrb eas{6rHoe H c'b
39
KaxAbrM'rr roAoMTr yc?ttrnBaBrueecg B,rigHie H Ha 4epereHcr H He rodllbKo B'b o6ilacrH f3blKa Iurla B'b cropoHy HHKaK'II He yBernrreuin, a cKopte ynreHt'rueniaquc,{a <> HH}KI{flro 3Ta}ha pvcct. 3ro u coo6qn,ilo eMy xapaKTep.b rpyAa, c o B e p r x e H H a rsoi n e i r a e t s t u d i o , x a p a K r e p b ,c o c r a B J r n . roqirl, Hecouu'bHno, 6o.nluroe ero AocrolrHcrBo. Ho ,ttno Br, TO]\{T,,qTO Ky/rbTypa ecTb s6qro HarlioHanssoe fio npeHMyIqecrBv. A sce HarlioHa,rrr,HoerpyAHo orAtnnuo orb no,rrHTr.tqecKaro. TaKr, n ra <> KvJrbrypa, r{oropyro cro,lrr, cnpdB€!,rlniBoBo3BeJHqHBaeTa, aBTOpb, O6XSaHa CBOHM'bSUrieM'b npe;xAe Bcero n o J r r . r r u q e c K o M$va x r o p i r : B o s H H K n o eesiru rocyAapcrBeunocTr.I 6o"rrruoro crn,lq, cn,rlHoli rocv4apcrBeHHocru I4unepir.r. I,l ara-xe roc),'AapcrBeHHocrb,a orlrroAr' He BblcoKan KaqecrBeHHocru gtoli KyJlbrypbl onpe4tJr{,'ra H efl <>. ]! cKa3aTb, cat{afl BbrcoKaR KaqecrBeH"II\tqnre Hocrb rrBu,'racbpe3)'Jbraro,v'r, roit-xe rocvAapcrBeHHocrr, Toirxe po;(Aengofi erc , Koropbrfl o6yc;loeuaa oc-v-rrrecrBJreHie 'taHBIrIH" B03MoxiHoclefi. yKpar.rHcKaro < rpe6yerb, KaK'b HaM'b Kaxercfl, eeeAeHiq B'b Kpyrb Hai l I r . r x r ,n o c r p o e H i r t n o H q r i q H a r I i o n a J r b H o c r H . H e n oil H y ro uaq'irc, T. c. I Hagrtearc < Haqio, yxe He uutrou{vro H,rrHetrle He uutroulyrc rroJrHor"Er
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41
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