,l[;.,i
^ , 1 t rl ,
]A),- ?,,rdf elln lf? 1't,,r. (c,//.'tt . .J:ro
r?rrr/
PIA
y,
lr
.l'Go I I
AETECEIUETBBU E IIOTPOMBil trA YICPAAEB 1917-1918 rr.
Becs'rgcrrrfi fl,oxoA,or ae[ania trocryuaer B tronbBJr trocTpa[aatltEx or EorpoMoB
, E,/?2't
HCTOPIfl
uorPoMHArO HA'ITKPAIIII{B
ilB'rdlKEHrfl lgl7 -192t tr,.
,,11,
rgu ugpnnrfi nEpron 4EHTpAJrbHoii regn
fi IETI{AHA:
AHTIICEMETEBM II IIOIPOM6r lgt7-19l8
rn.
EEPJII,TH 19 23
I4S,qAHIE,,OSTJIIDTSCITES HTSTORTSCHES ARCrrrV.,
H. qEPLTKOBEP
AHTHCEMI4TIIT3M
norPoMbl
HA ITKPAI4Hts
I9I7 -1918 rr. otnomnnrfil (rcrrcropln vripArlucno-nnpgficrcux
CO BCTYIII{TEJIbHOI{ CTATbEfl
c. M. AyBEOBA
BEPJI!IH 1923 ARCHIV" HTSTORTSCHES I,I3AAHIE,,OSTJUDTSCTTES
llcxurosnrenrroe rpaBo trepeooga ua gpyrie EBErHrr trpzrr4qnemuro6qocrry (llcrgpnrecfiift apxrB BosroqEarp enpeftcraar Alle Rechte, insbesondere dae dor tlborsotzung, vorbehalten Copyright 1923 bei the ,,Ostjtidisches Ilistorisches Archiv, e. V..o Berlin
DerReinertragaliesor Ausgabewird einerHilfsaktion ttr ilie Opferiler Pogronezqgewiesen $erden
IIo nopyueniro,,Ostjiidischesllistorisches Archiv(l uaneqaraEoIIBIatenbcTBoM
Verlag"a Bepaunt ,,JtilischerLiterariseher
Co4epncauie Or ,,Ostjiidisches ttistorisches TPenr rafiAaMaqnna C. [y6uon,
Archiv6'
0rp. I I
BBEAEHIE - Mex4y fln;bnpor'r r fimbcrpou' norpoMoa. Enrb tr4cropnvecxas Vrpalrra,RaftcTpasa[orpoMoB._VxpalrncxoeHpecTbflIIcTBoAopeBo. orctaJlocrb RpecrbffHcrBa' moqiu. - Pyccralpnxaqia n xynrrJplrafi ue?r(Eyropo[oM rr AepeBAsraronuau rrorpoMoB. Morrlerr Oxonolru.recnie - Po;rr enpeen a ropogt' nefi. - Seuemur,rfi ronog rnroBapsbrit roJrog. - Potn KpecTbsrrcrBa. - Mipoaar noftna n rpeAIIocbIJIHI{ anapxiu n - Pocr aBaIIrIo' norpoMoB. - Peeonoqia l9l7 r. u rpa'IrAaEcKaR noftna, - Anapxia n cu;bna Bnacrefi' VHpaura. Boopyxeuxan pHBMa. -86*" l7 ,torpotoa na Vxpaust 1917-1918 rr' " TJIABA I Ilocrr!tpenparrrcnofipenouroqir;aIITItceMIITcI{anarnraqig'*flep. - Auapxin. - Bopr6a aa naqionalrEoe coMo' BHE rrouLrrr(rr gRCqeCcOB. I{enrpanrras PaAa' - VHpanncxin rpe6o' oupegbnenie Vxpaunu. t poccirtcHia naptiu. - Astouolris u ipegepauin' Ha'Iaro xon- IIep' ""oi" Vnnnepcan' flepnuit (f.ntrxra rlexr4y iletporpaAoM lr ]tieeo[t, * qacr[; Cortaurenie c';ba4rr. BoiicgoBge soiicxoe'rfi i"r, y*p""raxis ll FtiesoM u Eosr,rfi xou$lrarrr. -
29
II
Beasaacrie._PaanarrpyccKoftapruiu._Carrrogelro6llulraaqia.Anapxia xa (ppour:b u na utcrax' - flpuHaa KoMaHAyIonIaro xl"s' - Maccoshre ancqeccul (pponroru. - Ilepaufi Banpoc s Patrb o [orpoMax' r-npuQponroerrx ry6epnirx. - finu npMapor u 6aaapon' Congarcxie MrbcrEblx floneAenie vcruupenie aHcqeccoB, rr (rr6ErrBreD[orpoMbr. rr norpoMll. yfipaMqaull U _ 6onrnresnra}r[ Eopr6a Mer{qy Bnacrefi. 49 - gncqeccn s axnaPt t918 r-
vII
IJIABA
III orp.
Vnpauncxoe uaqionaruuoe 4nuxenie noc*6 peooaloqir r enpeficrin naprir. - Bcrynnexie uaqionaurulrx Merbrtrr{Ecrn s Paxy n lesepanbslrft Cexperapiar. -Vxparrncxo-enpeficHia Bsa[MoorEomesis. Enpeficxiil Buqe-cefiperapiar - eBpeficroe MrrarrcrepcrBo, - flonopor n <
64
BONEOB,
TJIABA IV Pocr asrnceurrrnaMa r.r Poccin. - Orsourenie qentpanbabrx opranoB Costros r Bpeuenuaro [paB[rer6crBa. - Otsomenie ynpanucxofi Blracrrr. - Boaasauis A. Illy,rlrnna, Buunn'reuxo n flernropu. - Bdaanauie eapeitcnaro rex, ceHperapff. - Iloulrccig uo 6opr6t c anapxiefi, -
.- Bonpoc o canoo6opont s eapetcrou National-Rat'rb. * Sarqurnuxu rr Bparrr noopyxeuuofi calroo6oponn. - Erpeilcxix [pyKnrrbr. - Ponr enpeitcxaro Mr{trrlcrepcrna n 6opr6:b c norpouaus. - HaAc?nAbrnponunqianrnaro erpeficrra ... ..
79
f JIABA V Vxparaursaqin aplrilr u rrcxrroqesie eBpeeB.- flepnr're yrpauacnie noiicHosBre Aagpbr; Jrarepb Parurar n leplrauiu. - EoryrcHifi rloJrt{. Bocnuxnoeesie .- Paenna 6ofir,uresrrana. - Orsouenie erpeftcxnx uap. rifi n 6ourrseBrrftau; Paga uru 6onrmenncrcxas ncacrr,? - Brbrctso Pa4u r (Eeiirparlrrer MerI6ruIrEcrB)).- Enpeftcrift o6rilsarefir I,r yxpat{Hqenrpam{Bu Lr acclrMuuaqia. - <}Ialrtsa cr(aa lrAefl. - Pyccn{nxaqir, eBpeeB)).- Cnunronrr orpannveuir pasnonpaoia. - Hacrlnrgtgesraa 98 yfipansrrBaqiE. - Pacryrlift tJroBI{IrtrBI\r
vnr
TJIABA VI
crp. Boaspaqeuie s Kiee u trorpoMubleslicqeccblynpannenoii apuiu' ltieBcris co6utix; IopoAcras,{yrvra; yRp. coqialucruuecnin{paxqiu. - grcqeccu s }tieucx. ry6epuiu, . - 9ncqeceu na rxeu;bsnsx Aoporax; ct. fpe6enxa lt Fouogan; Barrpocbrs PaAt. Sxcqeccu s florras:b u B. ItoporelrKo. - florpourr, yquseunbleHpeerr,srrauu. - Co6nris n Megern;b u ry6epucrift fioMnccap.- trilsrsasie HpecTbflsaMu eBpeeBI{3 AepeBeEr; trpuloBopbl ceJlbcttltx CxoAoB,- <<}Its' AoBeHaE uaxr,r{ecraqio. - Vxpauucxafi npecca I{ riorpoubl. - AnrnceMsrcxis crarbl{
IJIABA
!'II
Hacryuuenie n:Bueqr
IJIABA
VIII
Ilpuanauie stMrIeD. - Paenos PaAsr. - letuanl4nua. -- H'blreqnaa oxrynaqie. - .- Hfnrqr* r.r pecrarpaqin. - lties u 6ypxyaano-Monapxuqecxafi Holrqeurparlin. - floenqin espeircrioil 6ypxyaairr. - floxuqesie A. ,[o6palo. - Hacrpoenin eBpeficxofi uporurqilr. - Pexnri rerMalriqfiIrbl n eBpeftcftan o6qecrBenIrocrb. - Jh{xsrrtraqis naqiouanbHux eanoesauiii; orpaunvenifi B rlpaBax. - floxo4 ua €BpeeBo orli{uq. npecct. - VxpaltucHaa 4elroxpatia ra Copa, - Orsorirenie y$pauneBper; Vnp. Haqiouauluo-[epxasrrrft u'bctax. - Anruceunrctis Agltnnltc'rparopbl Ea cxoft n:Fsoft flpeccbr. xouangonanir na Vnpanu6. - <Enpen caubre soaasauis utneqraro BJroBpegnrre arrrraropu rrporrrB utuqee>. - trftpu npornB eapeeB. .. tStL Htuqu u enpeircnie rlorpoMlr
IJIABA
IX
Ilorpolru, yqnuerrurrg rcrMascHI4MI{ cotr[araulr u . - Co6nris s fopognancxon yrbagt, 9epurrorenofr ry6. - Co6srriq s ltieacxoft ry6. - Semeursaq IIoJMT[Ra Pagu; aerraenr'sasa rrpogoBonbcrnesEafi troJrrrr[Ha utnrqeu ua Vxparan'b. - Htuqrr n nourbqanu. - Itrlbueqxin fiapareJrbrrllff ancne4uqiu. - Boscrasie Hpecrban. - Ilonctan-
IX
crp. qecfioe gruxeaie n enpefcxie rrorpourr. - Co6urir u Sueaxropogcxou ytag6; Jlsrcaura; Tapaulancxifi n Cnnrpcnift yfa4u. - <Enpen npnBenrr urbu4en>. - Meruopaugyu ltiencxofi o6rquun r! Mrruncrp lI. Kxcrsxoscni[. - ltauyn por{oBoro roAa . 169
Orgta rarepiaroB
E [orcyuenroB
1. Coo6qeuirr a Aoaecenir o uorpouax. I) Cnexynaqiau rorpour,r,II) Con4atcHienorpouu, III) florpou n Cxnup;b,IV) Ilorpon n laftcun;b, V) Bnxunr4a,VI) florpou n Jlururb, VII) (II Bce rafts)),VIII) lt rorpoMy a Vnanr, IX) Ilorpou n Arnonont, X)florpor.r n ltotenrnrb, XI) lt co6urisu s MRsrrooxt, XII) It co6utisu a Kauent, XIII) B m. Cygunrxono, XIV) lt co6rrrigu r [y6uo, XV) IIorpoM B ?Ita6onprurb,XVI) florpou r Oapy.r'b,XVII) lt co6ntisu n MaHapont, XYIII) florporu a Paurxon;b,XIX) Cuucon rorpounerrrrbrxrryunr o Bl 9 l 7 r . . . . . . r85 II. Peaomoqin, rrporecrrr, B&trpcobrg goa8ganis o rrorpouax. I) Bpeueunoe flpanureurcrBo n rorpoMr,r,II) Ilepruft ncepoccificxift c'tag Cootron o6 antuceruutusurb, III) q. U. It. CosGroB rr rrorpoMbl, IV) Sanpoc s Mauof Paglb o6 anapxilr n 6es.ruxcrsax, V) llepnufi esp. ealrpoc s M. Pagt o uorpouax, VI) Bropotr eBp. Banpoc o norpoMax, VII) Boaanauie A. Illy.urrrrna rrporrrB rrorpoMoB, VIII) I{upnyrsp EpornB norpounoft aruraqilr, IX) Boaaoanie C. flerrrcpn npornB rrorpouoB, X) Boaaaanie eBp. renepan6Halo cexperapiara, XI) flporecrlr eBp coJrAar rrporrrB norpolroB, XII) Pyccnix o6nleapueficxia opralrusaqin r r p o r r r Bn o r p o M o B ...... 207 III.
Caruoo6opoua, n eapeftcrcia Boxncri,r qasrs. apmir u eBpen-conAerbr.
Vrpar.urzearf,r
l) Ilpoerr eBp. Boopy)iieanbrx orpnAon, II) Ilepnaa nou(pepeuqia III) Bropae xon(pepeuqia Corcaa enpeeB-BonuoB: Corcaa eepeeB-BorrnoB, L peeoanqia o eap. orpfiAax canoodopoubr, 2. flpoexr nofiorxesin o Bor4rrcnr{xorpflAax erp, calroo6oponn, IV) National-Rat o caMoo6opott, V) flocrpagaerriiii or norpoMa lr Borrpoc o cauoo6opon6, VI) Enpeftcxic coJIAarLru cauoodopoua, VII) Eepeficnoe Mr{ErrcrepcrBon cauoo6opoaa, VIII) Aurucesrurr.{BMts yfipalrrrcxoli apuiu, IX) Vrparunaaqir apntiu lr e n p e x - c o J r A a rX u ,) < B i a r n e r { o a a r l r B oi r e B p e u .....,... l2:, IV, Srcqecobr yrpaaacriofi apuia, y$pauncrca,F BJr&crb r o6qecrneruocra. I) Saupoc o norpoMnonraacrpoeuiu e Hies6, II) flopaxenie Pa,4u r,r uaqiouanr,nrrfi rrerrrrrrrrrucrna,III) l{eneraqin ltieacxoft lopogcxofi ,{yrurr X
crp.
r( yxp. apMin (as or.rera M. Pa{eca), IY) Co6urin n Kient, V) <Eopeuu JrHp.Boficr{oD(cr. A. HnxoscHaro), VI) 3anpoc s PaAt o co6uriror B Bepgnvenrb,YII)
trepiog lerrlrau& u nfueqrcofi
onrcynaqin.
l) leruaacnie aAMnsucrparopr,rEa utcrax, II) Anruceuuruau otpCorcBa, tplrqianruoli npeccbr, III) Boaanauie Haqiouanrno-{epxasxaro IV) Jltsaa ynp. rrpecca Iir rrorpoMlr, V) IepnarcHoe HoMaHAoBaniesa Iy'npaurtr: {.. aaupoc MtrE. uyrefi coo6u1esiff, 2. o6'snnenie ntu. r
XI
B coeras pe4ax\roxuofi
rouneris
sa,croaqero
aenaria
EKoAar:
Eaaa-MaxmoBoc, EeE-ArEp, C. M. ,{y6nos, B. E. Jlaqntfi. z n. M.geparorep.
Vxe s 6numaitruie ABa roAa nocn'L penonroqira,s LSLT_ 1918 rr., uo VxpalrnrE nponecmrcb Aecrrrxr{or4;brruEilx erpeftcxr,rx rrorpoMoBr{ oxcrleccoB. O4naxo, HrrKoMyrorga He upu_ ruJroB roJroBy'qro 3To rpegntorHrrxn MaccoBorotrorpoMEaro gnrauteuin. C uepnr,rx rre gueft lgtg r. aro craJro cpaay otreBr{AHo. Iloqru oAHoBpeMeHuo c no6tgofi yrrparlncnoft flzpex_ ropirr rr ea aplrilr BcnhrxHv,rr ro?fiap norpoMoBn enpeftcnoftptanu - n Onpyu.b,FepglrueelF,)ItnroMip6 u e &ec.ErnaxApyrux enpeftcfir'rx ropoAor z utcre Ha rrpor.Elnenilr rcero ntcHonrnux ne4tffi. ouacnoc$ erqe 6onrue yBeJ[{rmJracb,HorAa JmpaffHcxafi apuia 6nrna ruuy?r{AeHa,r aneapt-maprt 19lg r., rro4 }raropou coatrcliux noficri, oqrrcnlTb rroqrrr acrc VHpanHy r4 HorAa rraqaJrcfipaBBaJrrr AeMopaJrrraaqin arol"rapuilr. florpounr cXopo rprrrrffJrn xapaxrep orpolrHaro rr AirrrrenbuaroHapoAHaro66gcrnin. B nonq:b flrrBapfl 1919 r. s ltienf o6paeonarcn{eurpanrnnrft Itouurer rroMorqu[ocrpaAaBrurrMor rrorpoMoB,Bonpyr noroparo B ro BpeMfio6'e4raunrucrscf erpefictia uapriu. B aagauur(oMrrTera BxoArrJroroJr6r(og6.no nomoqu, Ho yffie c rrepBr,rvm:bcnqen B ero apxr{nax co6patcs ranoft 6orarufi {anruvecrift uarepian o [orpoMrrbrx co6lrri.sx, AocraBJleHnnrft ynofinoMorreHHbrMu c u:bcr, lr uarepia.r oror npor{BBoArrJr ranoe rrorpflcarorqeeauevart:buie, rrro BoBHnKJraMr,rcJrbo HeMeAJIeHHoM ero ony6maronauiu. IIo IrpeAJro?fienin<<Jiid.volksverlag> s }tieBf l{eurpa*runrft ltounrer Ilorpouu ra Vxpanut t9f 7-t918.
t
upr{HffJr B aflprbfl'b rlocrauoBJleHienpucry[Itrb [i raagauiroxHHfii c orr{ilrr uatepianarau. O nepiogt rorpouHblx co6rrrift, npegmecrBoBaBrrrnxo6paaoranilo roulttera, AoBoJIbHosxaqureurnrrft y HaqiouaJlbuaroCexperapiara (ucuomruuarepiar HaxoArIJrcR reJrbrraroopraua eepeficHarosaqiosanrxaro co6pauir, upolraorxeArtraroe Kies6 n uon6pf 1.9{8 r.), rioropnrfi o6paralca B Houuret c upegtoxenieu o csoefi roroBrlocrll {enrpalrurul rpucoegr{Hlrrbctr x ueganiroI upegnomeuie 6ruo npl{Hsro. }t r{oroarouy 6ur npunreqeu rafizne I{ ytrouffIryruft <, pufi naxr na ce6q rexunqecxyroqacrb raagaiiix. lls arux rpex cropon u o6paeoBairacbs rionqf uas 1919 r. < P e A a H q i o H l I a r xr o n n e r i s r o c o 6 u p a u i l o r 4 o n y 6 a u H o sanim uarepiaroB o rorpoMax Ha Vxpaunt>. B xoauerip Bomnn ror;ia r B. Jlaqxiil, H. Ilitu{ (ncnopt rllctyulu) n 'M. 9epns Ha.IecrsrbrllreparopoB, II nplic. rIoB. l'{. fo$gmrefir, a rcxopt snlbcro Hero A-p O. Jlangep, - Kafi lrpeAcraBureJrr.{or {eurpamsaro }toltnreta. Pe4anqiounas xou:rerin He crpeMlrJraclx rouy, .rto6br crarb lluSopuaqionnr'ru 6ropo o fiorpoMax, xo'rrl. HeconHtnno.ralioe Sropo Suno rorAa Becbua a xortira Aarb { -vug a u eur a nr,s uft o6tenrsssrd cBoeBpeD{eHxo, rioBep
xapaHTepa, c cllcTeMaTllsrlpoBaHlrLlMr{ AOKyMeETafi bfl rriMrl AaHHhrluI4,6 eg uonr,rrra'reclu{x teugeuqif; u na?rie 6ea aapaute nocraBJleusof,i q*ma BbIBBarL qyBcrBo ,fiaJlocrIi I{ rplA,
IiIcToplIqecKaro
co6oyrbesosanis.
Ho gna rarsofi rlcropnqecrofi
aa4a'fl{ riylnuo 6uro
paubme ncero co6parb Aocraronuo rtcnin AonyMerrranbubrff AaHnoerouy u o6paruJla c cauaro HaqaJIa cBoe rJIaEsus. Koueris H o e B H H M a H i eu a c o 6 l r p a n i e u a r e p i a t o r r a c o a g a n i e Konneris
apxuBa.
crpeMtrJracb x ranoMy marepia.ny, noropnit gaa 6rr ne
roirbxo rlloronoJrbnoe omacanie ilo{pouulrx utift ([or u noJrlrIrl{qecnyro o6cranonxy
6tgcrnift,
uo u o6-
amrx co6rrrifi.
Ilocst [oJrrl{x u*caqen pa6ornr, nocu'b roro, HaK pegaxqioxHa.fl KoJlJretia onpocnra corxn o6qecrrensnx gfareteft lr uocrpaIaBrrrr{x rr ilociraJra na utcra c)
cueqianrilo
yrroflHoMoqenfiblx ero
AJrfl yroro Jrr{q, efi ygarocb co6parb Becbua o6nrupnrrft uare_ piair. He menrme ena.renir ra*tn ror orpounrrfi uarepiar, r*oropnri,i' HaxoAr,urc.flB paailr,rqHbrxenpeiicrnx u o6qrax yspefi(Ienisx u noropnrft fiocrerrelrHorax?r(e fiepemeJrB apxuB penarqiu. Pegarqionnaa xonneris qrb.nnrou nacnrbgoaara apxunrr IlenrpaJrbHaro r(omurera fioilorqrr [orpoMJrer{Hnu u HaqioHaJrbr{aro Cexperapiara, a sartM raxrne apxr{B}r cu*gyrcr4rax yvpemgenifi u o6qecra: Kpacxaro Hpecra s Kiest (orgtna rrouoqr{ rolpoM;reuRrru),eepeficrraroManmcrepcrBa Ha Vxpauu* (nepioga I}LT{918 rr. r nepio4a 19tg u orqacrlr lg20 rr.), Kiescxaro I(OIIE, l\{ocxo;cxaroE}tOtIO, psAa o6nI'H - oco6enno}fieacxoft, Ogeocxoii u Xaplnoncnoii, llcropl'rxo-uuipopuaqionnoft rtounccilr u O6'eguHennaro costra ciourcrcnux opramaaqift (OCCO) B Ogecc;[, Jlunr 6opr6br c aHTrrceMr{rr{BMou (cyuecrronaaa s Kiest npr{ AeHnnunqax), cn:fgcrneuurrx xonmccift u ropugnvecrulx 6ropo no g6;ry o rorpoMax (r ?I&irouip6 n }tiest). Hpou6 nepesr{cJreHHLrx, y peganqin oxaBaJrucbBHarMTeJrbHbre uarepiannr rarifire rr3 apxr{Ba Co6eea (coqialruaro o6egnesenis, org:bna nouorqu), Ero6rqecrxorua (enp. o6qecrnexraro Houtrrera) lr gpyrr,rx costrcnrax yvpexrgeuiii, MerfiEy rlrrMlr - HonnexqiR Heony6;ruxonanurrx uarepia.ron rig oS![uqiarlnbrx ncrolrurrrioBo rroBcraHqecnou4nuxeniu ripecrbflH rr 6au4,nrusu*. Vme Bo BpeMfinpe6uaanin n Eepmruf apxxn oyqecfBeuHo o6orarulcR rroBbrutruarepianauu [B Barpannqxrilx ucroqrfiHoB: or noMr{TeTOBIIOMOqr{rroT?oMJreffHrrM, qmpanHcnr{x noMrrTeToB)) r{ 9Mr4_ rpaqiouirrrx 6rcpo r Bapmar*, Jfrnort, Ifu{mnuest rr Apyr. u:Fcrax, or enpeficxaro National-Rat n Bapuant, Jrfipatrrrcnrrx AnrriloMaruqecrnx ulrccifi, r Ilapuxrf n or Joint Distribution Conmittee n Hrro-Iopxt. B apxurf HanorrrrJrcflrarutM rryreu orporauufi crrpofi uarepiaa: ntcxonbxo rhrcflq npororioJroBr.r rrofiagaHifi nocrpagarItrtrrx,orqeros o6qecrseHHbrx46areneft tr ynoJrHouoqeuulrx,Ionecenift r,rs o6n$nr, MeMopaHAyMoa n o{fuuianrnrrx 4r
ornoueuifi;
ulbcfiorbxo cor BoBBBaHiii uorponnubrx araMaHoB I{ rrp}rftaaoB BJracrefi s noAJrrruHranax; cBbrme qerhrpexcor (pororpaiprvecnr{x cHrrMnon y6nrrrx,
pauenrrbrx, fiorponrJrenHhrxmtcreuen, a ranme n;bIroTopbrx uorpoMrrbrx aTaMarroBr4rqreHoB erpeftcxlrx cauoo6opou; lrMeunbre cflracnrr ntcno.nrHrdx o6mupumft narepial,
AecflTHoB Tbrcflu y6nrr,rx ; xapanrepuayrorqiti [oiluruqecnyro cropouy
fipecrr'flHcftoe uoBcrauqecxoe gwrxtenie,
co6rrrift,
)mpauucnoenpeftcxia ornoruenia I MHoro (<.reiloBlb.recnrax Aor(yMeHToB)> qacrubrx rrtrceM r.r oulrcasiii, AHeBHrdKoB,((rrr{Irnocbr>> o6qnn r{ T. rr. Itpou6
aroro cbrporo marepiara, B apxrrr;F co6pana rar{}ne BcE fi p e c c a Ba roAbr [orpoMoB - KoMrIJreKTbI enp eiicxrax, yHpaI,IHcxrrx r4 pyccxrrx raaer r( or4tmno
raaernrl.a arrprbaxu. B apxrat
un:[rorc;r ran]ne Hr[rre Mar oF p a rfu u e c rcia ([u.nr u rl n:bcno;rrrurx trorpoMoB. CBLIIIIe
ulrrH.
B uacroaqiii
TLIC;IqU
Apxnn
rrrouenr AaHrrbrfi apxr{Ba oxBaTbrBaroT
IIOIpO]IOB
I{
craJr, rarir{M
MHOrO
o6paaou,
pog6 ucroplr.recnoft nounexqiefi, rurx 6;F4crnifi 1918-{921
COT€H
paBpyIIIeHH}'IX
O6-
e4rancrsenuofi B oBoem
BoBABI4rHyrofi B fiaMflrb BeJm-
roloe ua Vnparurt.
PegaxqioHuas xon;rerifi nepBoHaqailbuo Bce cnoe rnnuanie cocpeAororrrrira roJrbno Ha co6lrpaniu BaHntrrarbc-rroulrcanieu
uarepianoe.
Cuonoftno
co6nrift,. cr{creMarr,Iaaqieft u r{cropl4qe-
cnoft o6pa6orrioft 6r,rno s ro BpeMfl coBeprueHllo HeBoBMolItHo. Itor;reris
pa6ora;ra e oruf crpaluur,rx co6r.rtir"r,s xonrqt
trorpoM-
Hbrx BBpbrBoB. Ocnosa;racr ona noc.n:bToro, IiaH ynpar.rucnoe eBpeftcrso
rrepemr{Jro y?xe [orposlHoe
saurecrsie
rIerJIIopoBcnux
apniifi !r flepBbrx ((ararraHoB)),Ha BaBTpanoc"rf crpauruoft <rpuropbeBtr{lrHbD>,B
paarap6
rrepBaro IroBcrauqecnaro
4nuxenin
yltparanc$oft [epeBHrr riporrlB coetrcHoft BJIacrIlt I4 rlorpoMrraro rroxoAa trporr4B eBpeeB. floxog aror oxBarrrJr Bcro teppllropiro erpeficxaro nocerenis ua VHpauu:F n ocrasfin uocn:b ce6R 4ecntHu Tbrcfls y6lrtmx. R anrycry L9t9 r. Bro ABr{ixeHientcnourno crtrxaer, -
Id BApyr uoilurl4qecnafi cqeHa rreoxtuAango Mlbuflercg:
e Vxparruy
4
Brojlraercfl
apuin
,{enr.rnnna, [reAlnafl (paxruuecHu c
JroayHroM MoHapxr4qecxofi pecraBpaqfur, fipbJfi,rBuraff pl!rur enp eftcnoft xporu [oqrr{ Ha BceM uporameuiu vftpanurr rr BbrpBaBrrras c KopHeM MHOrO[eoJrrnoB enpeftcnux o6rqran. flepiog AeHrrnt4Hrrlr{Hbr erqe ne ycnrb.n BaHoHqr.rrbcff,HaH c Haqafia tg20 r. BcrrbrxHyJro HoBoe floBcral1rlecHoefipecrb_aHcxoe gnnrxenie, no rras:b c ara_ MaEaMrr- ilpeABoAr4TeJI.fiMr{ uorpouur,rx 6ang, y, iloruJra HoBa,a BOJTHaenpeficrtux IlorpoMoB, ]roropa.s BpeMeHaMr.rocnadrbnara, BpeMerraMrrycr{JrrrBaJracb,Ho KOTOpagqfuuxolr IIe npeHparrrJracb lr n 1921 rogy. O4nonpemeuno c arr{M Haqarocb cepbearroe rrorpoMHoegnumeuie s coc64uefi Btnopyccilr, rgt uepBouaqarbuo noJr.flnrru BynaH-6aJraxoBr{q, a aartnr fipecrbsHe-fioBcraHrlbr yrrr,rHI4JII{ PflA
IIOIPOMOB,
T.EHYBIUI4XCE BIJIOTb
AO OCEHIT 1921
IONA.
Sanqrrcg
rircropr4rrecnrulmonr.icanisura !r crrcreMarrrBLrporanieu uarepiana s raHoft aruoc{eplb 6rrilo HesoaMornHo,xorfi peAaK_ qionnaa xorneris nrFcnonrxo pa' rr'rraJracb Haqarr, pa6ory. Erqe * ((npa"q6rolr 1919 r. e ltiest o6paeonauca cneqia*nuft oprau Br-regieD fis rrpeAcraBrrrenefi {enrpaJrbgaro Romnrera noerorqrr rrorpoMirerrHhrM, HaqioHansuaro
Cenperapiara,
Volksverlag.a
n
peganqiouuoft rsoilnerin -
[Jrff odqaro aAMr{rlrrcrparr4Buar-opynoBoAcrBa pa6orofi no rra4auiro.
B ua.rart 1920 roga, Fiorxa ycJrosi_fl?HnsHlrua VHpauut erqe 6o;rte yx-vArrrlr,Tr,1cb, craJo coBeplreHHo oqeBtrrAHbIM, qro r{BAarb arrr HHurr{ n npe46;rax Vnparrur,r, u poccilr soo6ue, HeBoBMo}nHo. Itporut cyqecrBeHHbrx rex'uqec*lrx
flpe[.flrcrnift, 6r,uo e'Ie oAno pegaHqionuan no;ueriR,'{aHrr_
utnraroulee o6croqre;lrcrso: rrecKfi JrtrrrreHHa.fl BOBMO]nHOCTTC n pocciiicrtrax
ycnoeinx pa6orarr ua co6paunr,rfi ero marepial, HaK Ha enpeft_ cnoe o6qecrneHHoe gocroauie, u cqr{raJra BpeAHrilM,.rro6r,r
JreraJrbHo,cuorpfra
ouy6rurHonanie arrrx uarepia;ror [epertrJro n oip{lrqianbHbrfl pJrnr.r E rrptrHflJro ptaro-nomzrnqec(ift rn napriitnrrfi xapanrep. Orn coo6paxenifi rrpr.rBeJrr{ n MLrcJtr4o ueo6xognMocrr4 rrepeHecra r{agauie ea rpaHr4qy. C 6ourrnnua rpyAgocrfiMrr r{ c pr{c}rom r{oJroccamnrrft apxrrB 6rrn nureeeu ua VnpatrHbr I/r s nonuofi coxpau_
rrocrrr AocraBJrerrn 'Bepman, noropnft 6rur ue6pau u.Bcrou uaAauis. Eqe 6ygfru n Kienf craJrofioHo, rrro ranoe uaganie He Morfter Srrrr grFnoruneSotrmofi rpyffrrr u;bcmrrrx 4tareneft r,r .rro Heo6xoAEMotrpuBrerrbK HeMy 6orfe muponie o6qecrnennbreKpyru, a $IaBrrrrrMo6paaorvrOpranuaaqiu IloMorqu, HaH B Poccilr, TaK fi sa-rpannqet. C aroft q:barro rpeAcraBrrreJrrrpeAaxqionsofi xolreriu, upra6nn n MocNuy, BsqrlrrJrrr n cuouenie c rtuu erpeftcrr{Mrr o6rqecrnexubrur{opranrraaqixrma,Horopbur n roMy BpeMeHrr yqtuBru n Pocciu. [IocaB nepe;[agau Eeprun errr npe[craBr.rremr o6paurJrrrcbramrfie K eBp. opraauaaqiflM uoMoutrun Eapou;f u Arvrepunrbo ilpegJroffieuienupncoeArrHrrrbcffx r.ragauirou AeJrerr{poBarb cBosrx rpeAsraBr{Tereft B npannenie. Ocenrro 1921,r. Ha aro npegJro?fieuieorxmmnyJrr{cb r,r [pncoeAr{HrrJrricbcttg,vlorqin aarparnsHbrfl opranr.raaqilr:Peoples Reiief Committee s Hr,nIopxf - n ep Ba fi opranuaaqiff, onasaBmanuaganiro marepiamuyro rrogAepxny u 4aBmafi BouMolnHoorr,Eaqarb pa6ory; National X'ederation of Ukrainian Jews s Hrro-Iopx6, Comit6 Ex6cutif de la conf6rence universellejuive de secoursn llapuxf. Brqe 4o aroro r nparleuie BorrrJrrlr ufxoroprre 6runruieaxrnBuhregtaretu ,noMrtreroBtroMoqr{s Pocciu u Vxpalrn6, K ToMyBpeMeHuHaxonrrBruiecs n Eepmru'[, Taxr,ruo6paaou,pyfioBoAcrBouoganienrro,ryquto 6ou*e mnponyro o6rqecmennyrc6aay. B coors.brcreill c arlru namfur{Jracbr{ Honcrpynqia npaureuis s robr cmucl:b, uro rrpeAcraBr,rrerr{rracrx€lro ysperfi,AeHir (uagarearcrsa Volksverlag) rlJrr{ rroJrr{ruqecxarooprana (I.IaqionantHaro Cenperapiara) ne MorJIu B nem ocrarbcfl. H.bxoropnn uautneuis lr uonomrenis npor{aorrrJr}r ranme u B cosraBt pegaHqiu, uoAroroBJrnroqefiuagauie n reqaru. B Eep.uint 6rrua orf$uqianuro Baperr{crpr.rpoBaga, (Ostnart o6ulecrBo,rroE HaBBaHieM jiidisches Ilistorisches ArchivD (llcroplrueorrifi apxlrn Bocrorruaro enpeftcma). Bcs ara opranuaaqiounafi pa6ora, KaE Ir rrpr4rort rroBbrx l,{a6
TepianoB, Ha BpeMfi BaAeplriaJlu rlonroroBr(y u rIBAaHie fi.H!{r. nacroqqifi
B
MoMeHr pa6ora rro cocraBJlenin eroro MlronoroMlraro
naganin nplr6rnrxtaercfl n Konqy. Crpemacr K roMy, qro6u $sunl He flBJIsJII{cb Irpocro co6paniervr cr,rpbrx AoKyMeIrroB, Ho AaJIrr 6rr nparuaruqecnylo racropiro n xoA paaenrin co6rrrift Ha ocnonaniu AonymerrraJlblraro uarepiaaa, xamArrfi rolr peganqiounas xornerifi rrarrrJla Hy?riurilM paa4tnutr na qn;b qacrrr: s neprofi Aaercn ucropuqecEift o6aop co6rrrift na u Mareno ntopoft-AoxyMeHrbr o6rqeu rroJrurrrqecxorrl {out, pianrr B crroreMarrlal{poBanHomrlrgt. Bce uaganie pacrranaercff Ha pn4 c;lrb4yrou{rIx r{HI{r' ilpI{HaAJreffiaq,rrx uepy orgtabnblx
aBropoB:
Tou repBbrl-r: AnrraceunruBMrr florpourr ua Vnpanu'b s t9L7 . -1918 rr. (nepiog l{enrpanurofi Patn u retmaua) - [I. 9epxr { o Be p a . Ilorpomu t9t9 r. (nepiog fleunprr aBropa. cranis lpnropr,eaa) - toro-ixe Tonr rpetir"r: florpouu [o6poronruecnofi apuin -I' Tom
rropoii:
n
BoB-
IIIexr-
MAHA.
floscrau.recHienorpourr ((1920 roA Ha VHpaunf-rpalnAancxag sofisa 14rIoFpoMHt)- H. Illruipa. ToM.rerneprrrfi:
Peey.nr,rarr,rrrorpoMoB (maulcruno-axolromrlTon usrnrl: qecnoe {acntAosauie)- fl. Jleulrancxaro. Tou mectofi: Itparnoe onrrcanierctx eaperucrpl{poBalrnhlx rIyEHToB,uuennoii crrllcoH rlorpoMoB, crrrrcori rrorpoMJIeHHblx y6lrrux-
H. lepre;ra. Tou cegruoii: MarepiaJlrrK lrctopiu enpeftcxoiicaxoo6opoxu. I(poub arrrx rnaBHLIx rI 6otfe o6mnpuux nHlrr, npoel{Tl1l-
pyercfl Tafirfie r,tagauieu:bHoropru rvronorpa{iii Menblur{x paBufpor - ([urrxocr,r)) utHoropr:x o6rqran(r no4nuxuom lrnlr o6pa6oranuou nug:b), c6opnuxu 6ol;be xapanrepHbrx II o6ctosTeJrbriblKuonasauifi r4 T. rr., a rarx(e, eoJrlloxa?fiercg Aocraroqno fftrurn shluarepiara,-H orlucauienorpouone Eflropyccilt.
xogflr
Ha eBpeficfioM
(idisch) rr pyccfioM
ffBbrxax oAHoBpe-
MeHHO; rroBrr(e IlpeAfloJraraerc_fflrBAaTb rrx Tar(Ere Ha oAHOMrr3 enponeiicnrax flBbrr(oB,B coxpaqeHnou wrg6. Itpomt rencra 6ygyr ganrr rpororpaSuuecrtie cHr{Mrur y6ram,rx rr [ocrpaAaBrrrux, cur4Mr(rr nau6on6e Ba?firrbrx Aor{yMerrroB, crarrrcrr{qecnis ra6,ruqu r,r giarpaMMbr. Bce uaganie paacqrlraHo na 150-160 ue.rarnlrx JrncroB, r. e. 2400-2600 crpauut1' Ha na.crcAo.il,fl,abtnh.
B aar,nro.renienrrr Brrpax{aeMrty6oHyro 6narogapuocrl ncfu opraunaaqi.stvr,onaaaBrtrr{MrraM cog;bftcrniee co6npanin vrarepiaron n rax ouy6rrafionauin, a rafi?r{ecuf4yroqraru JrrrrtraM, oxagaBmnlr atoft pa6or:b cyrqecrBer{HbrffycJryrrd: npegcrbgarerro xiescnaro IdeurpaJlbHaroKonrnrera rrouotrpr ilorpoMJrennrrM- nprrc. nos. C. E. Paruepy, npeAcraBr{rerrcEnpeiicnaro HaqiorraJrbnaro Cenperapiara - I. tr{.lpuu{enb4y, rrpeAcraBrrreJrro orgtla rroMorqr{ npn Itpacuou Hpecrt s ltieef - r-py O. E. JlanRepy,npeAcraBrrreJrro Volksverlag - n. I. ,{y6nucrronty, rpeAcraBrrreJrroPeoples Relief Committee- E. Ilynepr{auy, npeAcraBrrrenro Joint Distribution Committee - I-py (Dpennv Poaerr6;rary, npegctgarenro Federation of Ukrainian Jeu-sa Anepunf - I-py I. Itprrucnouy, rrpeAcraBrrrerro((Ftourrreraenpeficrirrx AeJreraqiiir> n llapraxtqJeHv roirbciiaro Ceiilra I4. Iprau6ayuy r4 MHor. JI. MoqrruuJr, cntgyloqull Ap. Mnr rupaxaeM raH?fierry6oxyrc dr-raroflapHocrr jrrrqaM - rramrrMcorpyAur.rnaM,oftaaaBrrrxnrqfuurra ycJryrlr co6npaniro uatepia;ra: B. Becry, I4. ftrrepnaauy, X. Ioipuauy, Iz1. Itnunony, V. ItoparrrHrrny, M. Jlefiaepoar.ruy, III. Henounaqeuy, M. Pexucy, B. CnyunoMy, Paxrur @afireri6epr,P. H. 9epuKoBep, a ranlxe ynorHoMorreHHbrM }tieecxaro Idenrpanuraro Hor{rrrera noMorqrrilorpoMJrenurrulr orgtna rroMotrlrrnpu }tpacuou I[pecr6: I. BpayAe, E. Eparuucrouy, C. ]tarauy, f. Taro, IuI. I{ui[pononr.rvylr nctu yqacruaxaM us4anin. Eepmn, ([enpam 1923. O s tj i i d i s c h e s H i s t o r i s c h e s A r c h i v . 8
Tperrs raft4aruawma. t r ' [ c r o p n u e c f oi e B c r y n l e n i e ' MnOrie HapOAbr BtrrrcaJrrr CBOrr IlMeIIa s rblCsqeJllbrnift wrapTrrpoJror eepefiCrra, HO Jrrirtrb HeunOrie eafiuyr TaM TaHOe BI{IIIOe -trtr, xoHeqgo, HeaaBnlgoe-lcrbcro, nar rrapoA yrparancnifi' Co rIoJII4rIIqecHoftcuytrr B MoMeHrbI cepeAr{Hbrt7-ro stHa aror HapoA ncrpe6.neuin enpeftcrna c 66nrurnu pnenieu, <> rrooo""", .rLm ero upeAIIIecrBeHHI4ItI4s efna (pecroBblx IoXOAOB. CarvIuft noc,n*guift flo[Brrr ero Ha aroM rloupr4Iq:b,conepurusmiftcs Ha Harrrr{x rJra8ax, npeBsorueJr rro cBotlM paautparu rc6 uorpouu lr 6nrrux s6nos. Mnccis VHpauurr r ucropiu eepeftctna, <<prbauu> r:bpoarno, eqe He Ba$oHqeHa,Eo retrepb y?fie Mo?nHonogeecru eft ,rfXOrOpne rrTOrI{ II ilOCTaBuTbee B Onpeg;bnennnranCtOplrueCXin pamHul). To, vro npouaoffJro na Vrpattut s 1918-{920 rr., nocrar sclF rrprrBEaKr{ ucroprrqecEaro sarliouanlno-,vHpairr{cHaro 4enrHeuin, Ir.nasHblft IIpIIBHaTt uaslbcrnarO rrOA rrMerrelr raiigamaqrrHr,I. rafiAauavranbr BaHilroqaeTc.s B roM, qTo oHa BceIlAa cotryTcrByer npI4BI'{cy r4 B cBor{x pfarurx riaxouy-ulr6y[b rroJlr{T[qecfioMy r) Bo ua66xtaaie negopaayrutnift, ueodxognuo c4rbnam ogtcs oAsy
((BCryo6qxro oroBopHy fi r4crop[qecHoMy Te3ItCy, paSBIlTOMyB EaCTOETqeM aaqionanrnou tllllatlEon $afi ratgauavuut, roBopnM o uIesiuD, HOrAa lru B trcro4nzxeniu vxpaunH, Eirrr o nofpor{nofi nnccilr yKpal{Ecl{aro EapoAa piu enpetcma, uu paaynteM (EapoA))se a6conrotuo, a JIItmb oTH0oIITeJI6EO' r. e. 6onsmis MaccblnloAeft sa Rastcrsolt yponnt AyxoBsoft Fyrbrypbl' so npio6qaa H rreMy o6nlecrneuuux crloeB' noAHEBmI'IxcEsaA ortrM ypoBEeM HynbTypH. Tepuun <M6r Tar{E(e noEuMaeM IIe MIlcTtrqecHII, a I{oEHpeTEo-UcTopuqecfin:HaK rlocTorrEcTBocnJIoEEOCreftu A;bficrnift' upoennexganEoe EapoAHbtMEMaccaMlt Ea AaEIIoM riyJrbrypnoM yponuf u n upegBnax raro uepioga. B sauenr ctyva:b MEI snoust AolycHaeM, uro uyrurie rrogu vxpaurrrr, o6'scnss raftgaruavnny llcTopnqecHuMll IIpuqnEaMIi, oTIlK)Ab ee Be onpaBgrrBalor tr Aatr{e rny6oxo elo BoaMylllarorcff; c gpyrofi croporlr' uocrogEcTBo rrorpoMrrbrxcHnossocrefi z grbitcraiii, I{MeEyeMoeogtcr ycnonuo , ur,r (panrnvecfitr ycranaBJruBaeM B npegtnax rpexntHooaro uepio4a ncropiu eopeftcxo-yxparrcl{rx otxomenifi, ElrcnoJtbno ne upegptmar sess6txsoctr{ arorc rlocroflEcrna B AaneHoM6y4yueu
trpo.flBJreHrflxSHaMeHyeTpacrraA rocyAapcrBa, B cocTaB (oToparo BxoAr,rr Vxpauna. Tpn 6omrurrx BBplrBa efi clrrpaJnr ary ifaramHyro poJrb: rafiqal,rauuHa, BbrBBaHHaflxa3arlKrrM BoBcraHieu 1648 roAa, [oJron$rJra HaqaJro pacnaAy flotrmlrl 1768 roga, uocn64nee BBeHoB qtmr raft4aMaqr(ux uorpouor t8-ro n:Fxa, oBHaMeHoBaJrafiaHyH paagfuor flonrmu I raftgauavuna 1918-1920 roAoB BHaMeHyer rraqairo pacrraAa pocciu. BaprmqATOE
BCIqECTBO HAKOIIJIJ{ETC.fI B
YI{PAI4HCKIIX
HAPOAIIbIX
MACCAX
roAaMr{ na noqB.b uaqiouaffinnx, pem.rrioBHr,Ix rI arioHoMullec}lux croJlnnoBenift c oxpyxa6rqrlM rrHopoAnbru Haceuenieu, Ho AJrfl rrpor{BBo4crBa BBpr,rBarpe6yerca Heupeurbnno fioJrr,rr]rqecxift ([nrofiua, penourcqix, rtourp-peBonroqiR, scffrift HaAJroM rocyAapcrBenuaro opranr{BMa. I{ n qeurpt BBpbrBaBcerAa cmr{r eapeficreo. B qtnl rpexntnonofi raftgamawnr,r c;r64yer snnrcqr4rl lr r:b ABa rrorpoMrrbrx ABr.rx(euia, Horopr,rfl Ao crrx rrop rre cBflBhrBaJracb c Hero u cqrrraJrr{cb fiari 6r,r canrocrofiTenbHbrMr,ro6qepyccHumr,l asnenisr{lr: arrru-eBpeficxie norpouu 1881 u 1905 roAoB. H rf u gpyrie coBepmanucb fioqrrir ucnrroqr4reilbuo Ha Vnpauut (neOonrmoft trporlenr trorpoMoB {905 roga r ctrepo-earraAnbrx ry6epsisx Poccir{ rlr B flonrmt orrrocurcfi rlperrnryqecrBeHuo H paspflAy BoeHHbrx r{.rr{ no,-urqeiicrilrx ericqeccon). 066 aru rpytrru rlorpoMoB 6r,lirrt orsrr,-taHlr r:bcuo cBflBaHbrc nortrrrr.rsecHr{MMoMeEroM. To"qqon rc?rtuo-pycci{riil uorpo}ralr 1881 roAa AaJro qapey6iftcrno t-ro napra, a orira6pr,cxie uorpour,r tg0b roga 6r*ru,,r npflMbrM ors:brorr ua yvacrie eBpeeB B ror4arrruelr penonrcqiouHonr gerrmeuirr. Ilcrrrre;rruafi npaBnreJrbcrBer{Hafi peaxqia n (ABr{Hyna AxepoN>>- ApemaBmie r oAurrx nfcrax lmpanrrcxr/rx Maccax raftgannaqxie r{HcrrrHnrbr, a B Apymx orpanuqrljracr r:bm, gro He lr6ma.na arr{M rrxcrrrrr(TaM, }roropbre npo6yx4a,nncl, caMu co6oro a aruoc{eprb no;nnruqecfiaro nomapa. Tpygno )maaarr, n ucropiu raxoit nplrutp BbrAeprfiaxrrocrr{tr uocrrb4onareir6Hocrlr HapoAr{brx Macc B oAHoM naupanneuiu na npornxenin rpex crontrirl. VnpalrucHiit raftgamari 20-ro efna irra.troq'bm orrrqaercff or cBoero npeAr{a a f7-v rrJrr{B t8-M stx*. flopaxarcr cBoliu cxoAcrBolr (aprrrHbr roro, qro rBoprrJrocb Bo rctx aurx JlncRu4ax, Vnrauxx, Sseuuropogxax, Tapaqax, Ospyqax, Ocrporax -rprr Xu:bnluuqxona, loHrrb u - Ileratopt. Mf-
10
Vn CoqiaJIbIIO-AKOHOmr,r.IeCxig ycnOrix HO CyIqHOCrb raftAaMaquHbl par{Hhl rr es paSrropoAHaro EacereHifl,
HffJrrrob
IIOilIITfiqeoKis
rt
ocTaJlacb Ta ?fie.
B crpaumoe gecflrr{n;brie 164&-{658 r. repel nauu 6opr6a rpex uaqift, rpex pemlrift Ir rpex $JIaccoB- ynpauulleB' troJIffnoB H eBpeeB. Itaaaqnoe roacranie [porllB Ilonruu upeBparqaercfi B ucrpe6r.rreJrruyn softuy HpeoTbsH uporl4B (JIflxoB rr ?nI4[oB)' rronn;bu$rnos rr apeEAarOpoB-TOprOBqeB. Btrprbauramrcfi IIJII{ yrorrrrrorcfl n rarapcHift nt;bH qrbnrrn eBpeficrifl o6qnsrn Bonxxlr, 3a ficxuro'renieu org:blrItiesqugbr, gepnnrorqngbr' ilo4oriu, corslr uory6nenHpeqeuie. rrpr{Ilr.rMaroll${x Hr,rx Jrr{q, [pr{TBopEo yrcpal{Hcnor"I ropoAa' Aecsurn'btifi Hbrx o6rqns, oflycromel{Hbre paaryJra. JI&so< ranoBbr uocn;bgcrnis raftAauaqxaro * Ma.nopoccia, coegunrrBmaficfl c Mocxnofi, 6epentnan Vnpauua paap;bmaer erpeficnift Borpoc ro-MocnoBcltrl: Hrr$a$ux eBpeeB oHa He Teprrr{r na csoefi reppuropilr; ilorraAaroqin ryga HeJreraJIL'HO rpyflfibr (Bapy6err(Hbrx)>eBpeeB 6eanoulaAno rrBroHrilorcrr, fian ((Bparu Xpucronr,u, or Koropblx r{ B Ilerep6yprcxift uepiog cre rfieJraror unrepecHoLi npn6r,r'-rrr>>. Ho ua noJlbcnoft cropou:b, n eule xpfnHo Aepfifi'Ircfl gyx rafigauaupaao6epexuofi l'npaunt, qfisbr B 18-ru gtHt. B nupuoe BpeMs ou rposBJtrercfl B o6uxnoBeHrrbrx rpa6eXax na 6Onr,mux Aoporax, e Clyvaftnnx naorbrax rra HesarquulerrEbrfl BOftCfiaMrl ntcreqfiI{ n paarponaf eapeficxrax softIlhr r{ cMyT oH rrpopbrBaeTctlB MaccoBblx AOMOB,a B MOMeHTTT MerfiAyl{apcrsie 1734 roAa Bhrabrflolrctoe norpoMax lr ptant. Baer rar"rAaMal{Karoaerbpn r{B ero JroroBrllqa: oH ryJlfler rro roporau rr nrbcresxau floAo.-rilr !I HaIIaAaer na 6eaaaquruoe eepeftcxoe nacenenie. 9epea 30 ;rtt olr yffie rlyer Barrax paaJraranqarocfl Tpy[a flo;rrrnrt II BpblBs€rcx B rpatfiAaHcr{yrc noftny BpeMeE BapCHoft nont[e4eparliu c <(ocBflqeuubrMu Ho]KaMlI] rio,niusqnBa rlofipanHbtr. OSrplrqianlubtrft JIosyHr galmreiriR -trp aBoCJIaBHbIx,yrHeTaeMbIXrtivr- Xte n O1ra' Hbrff rrp aBa AI{CcIIAeHTOB OT rtoroparo crpaAaJlrr r1 eBper{' - Id r{aroill{qr13MoM, crByroqrrM Tbu ne uente rafiAaMafi oxotnte ncero p;bxter eBpefi' ocraBJlfifl e ucropin orpollnoe KpoBaBoe uffruo - . rpoftuoii HallioHailbHr,rfi anraroul{BM C uagenielr flotnulr rroJrbcno-eBpeiicno-yxpanncrriir- cm:bHunca gnofiunm : pyccno-eBpeftcHuru. Tax rtart s re'reHie cra ;r;[r pyccnoe ilpaBllreJlbcrBo
11
MOHOlOJrRBrrpoBaJro eBpeficHift Borrpoc u o6brnHoBeHHOptruaJro ero B Kaur{erflpiffx B Ayxf BecbMa6mlanou raftnauaqnouy cepruIy, ro raftganrarmHa lragoJrro 6rrna [apaJrr.raoBaua. Ho norga petpoprunr Alexcan4pa II, ne aMaucr.rm,rpyff eBpeeB, Bce-ranr/r orxpbrnr.r uepe[ nnnrlr 60.rr6e rurapoHia sxoHo]ur4qecxis r.r rtyJrbrJryHbr.E uepc[efirr{Bbr, JEpar.rHertrHacropornrrJlcfl. Enpeft, fio[rrrrMa_ rorqiftcn no o6qecrneuuoii ;rtcruuq6, (JraHolr))cranornqificE yrrnbrM Kp Ry''r{o M, roplbrM r{rrreJlJrr{re'roM, fi aBaJrofi Sa6purauroM' euy Hanoft-ro anouauieft pa4onr c Maccorc MeJr$r4xeopeftcrtnr roproBqeB, (fanropon, mnnfiapeft, npr4xo[rrBmr{x B colpurtocnoeenie c fipecrbrrnaMr.r. ,{na nonaro BBpbrBa raftgannauunrr nyxen 6rrn ToJrbKo uorurr4qecrtift {lrualrr, ra crlrxifturrff yru rafi4aMana yMyA* puJrcfl rrSroroBrlTb ero rr3 uarepiara, BoBce He ilpeAHaSHaqeHHafo grn erpeftcxaro rorpoMa, Pesonrortriouuarr rrporarauga 1820-x rogoB c efl ({xorfiAeHieue napo4)) pacrueBeJrr{Jra yxpar{llcnoe HpecrbffrrcrBo, Ho He ycuflo oHo ABrruyrbc_rr(. tr{ ryr ?nr{Bo ornJlrrnHyJrc.finpocnynruificfl ucropurrecHift raft4auart. He HyrnHo 61110, .rro6br lra flerep6ypra 6un ilyqeH aror canpaMerrranrnnft JroayHr. Ou poguucn n gyur6 raiigauana, r(aH urbnor[a anoHpra{lruecnafl ((BoJrorarrrpalrora)) Enareprrnrr II. Ha eror paa, B rrorpomrrorYr natrnauiu 1881-82 rr., opArrHapuuft norpoM - paBpymeuie AoMoB c rpa6emou Hr\ryulecrBa- cocraBJr.EJr[paBr{Jro, a y6ificrno rrrrr <<prbaua))-r.rcriirroqenie (l(iee, Barra). Ba cro cJrr{mnoM ,ufr pyria 6oriqoe orvsuJacr, py6nrr, Ho crtopo ara Hayxa 6nrna on.arl ycBoeHa n conepruencrrrF. flo.rruqeftcnift reuir"r flleBe rr ero yqeHrrnoB B Mrrurrcrepcnrdx KpecJrax yJIoBtrJr ary ocoSeuHocrb ynpauucnoft Ayrurr: efl rryrnocrr, H enpeftcHorvryrorpoMy. Penerlrqia l(raurunescHoft pbarm ( 1903), r{crroJrHer{HasctrfmannbrM JrHparrHc}to-MoJrAaBaHCr{r{M rrepcouaJroM, rporrrJra 6tecrsrqe, r.l s onrn6pt 190b r. nponauoe aptrlrqe 6nto rroBropeHo Bo BcepoccificHolr uacnrra6f. Ho u ryr Vnpauua rrrpaJra rJraBnyro poJrr,: AeBrrrb AecflTnrx nc:bx uorpouor rtpousomJm n ueft. Tyr uoene raitgauaHlr BepHyJrr{cBy?fie rr cJraBEbrMrpaguqinu cBordx rrpeAnoB: <
12
rrprrM;brlruu ncnonuofi raftgauaqnoft cyqcrgo, Baulefil>-Ire qTo s rOE{HoftPOCCill. 3a6uru ucTopl{qeTBoprrJrocb TOro, rrocTtr ero rlcrllunylo flpr{poAy raft4auauecrBa' cnyrc rrpeeMcrnenlrocrr - Baarrdrarbc.sIlMeHHo tam, rAt trpeAcror4TpaclpaBa c eBpeeM' 86gr ronrrto s BeJflrfiopoccilr or p*gnux rau onrn6pbcfirrx rouutelnnrertqia, pyccfiafl rpoMoB rlocrpaAaJra perolroqiounaa Aa perolrorliro, Mecrr4 BHar(oM noA ua vrparant, r6m Han Merr{[y ropoAoB corgflx B Maccbl eBpeficHis srrp;bsnrnanrlcb r{ rpoglrJlr{cb u cenenifi. IIInota BeJrrl$aro paa6oa, rrMenyeMafi < naVxte na rrrero BpeMer{rr, AaJIa uOcnlb4nift AaKaJr rafipamauecrey. aofiurb, r upu(fpouroBbrx enpeftcxrax norpoMax, oco6euso otluqaJrr4cb r{oBarg4, ucropuqecxafl rBapEitr rafigamavecrna' fialtHoBrrgnbre firogl{ rlpe[nug:bnlr eule rorAa, B cBflal4 c rraMflTrrbrM {Goer{HbrMuanrErolr>, qro Ha VHpannt [o OItOHqaHilr rofinrr uOftHo cstrnafl floJuTnqecfia.fi BeCIIa neT HoBaf r16nr norpouon. i.9L7 rona BacraBl{Jra Hac sa6bltr o6 erux orracHocrfix' Cpepr yffiacoB errle HeoHoHseRHOftsOfiEr,I I{ yrxe na.IanmeftCs anapXiu MbI c yflpar{Hltraull BApyr crarur 6parb-flMll Bo cno6o4;b. Mlr aa6r'rnlr o albfiOnrrx o6rrgax, rr HorAa yHparrlrcHoe o6qecrso IIOrflHyJlocb rt cBoeMy uaqionalruoMy I{AeaJIy anroxouir'r, a Baribu lr * ynpar{Hcnoe rlpaBl{rexbc nu6to B cBOeMcocraslb CeHpeTapflIIJIII MI4IIIIcrpa IIo. enpeilcnuu asronoMiu q;b;rau. Buyrplr repplrropianruoft naqiouarrnuu vHpalrurr rran-6yAro ocyrqecrBJrflJracb rrepcoHaJrbHafi asroHoMin lroBaro HallioHaflbHaro enpeftenpeficnaro saceleuis . . . Ho s t6-xe AtrI4 c {ponta [otrocrlJlcfl' rce 6onte npn"r"u 6rra}Itaacr,, anoe;bqiir ryJr: caMoBoJIbHor{JIr{ ilo llprrKa3y 4euo6raJrrrsoBaHHafipycoHafl aprrain BoBBpatr{aJlacr,c {ponra gouoit Ir rre yHpaIIHCIUIX IOpOAOBra [rrbCre'IeH IIOCJIrIIIIaJII4CbBOIIJIITI?136usaer,rbrx eBpeeB. Harcrp;Euy oguuanofi corAarvraurb IIOAI{RJrOCb raftAar,rarlHoe HpecrbfiHcTBo, r{ MeffiAy aTr{MI{ J{ByMfi OIHflMI.Iry'
13
rrrJrocb (cBo6o&Hoe)) rpexMr{JrJrionnoe enpeficrro <se&r,rfioftcaMocrifiHofi Vxpannrn>. A ryr r{B cronr{q Poccilr, r4t noqapuJrcflxaoc 6onrnrenuaua, gan 6nrr JroByrrrrparnAarrc$oftBofinrr. B na.ra&1b lglg rona 6onrmeBr.iKrr6epyr Rier, uepee noporHoeBpeM.H r,rx orryAa BbrraJrKr{_ BaK)r'- rr rorotso HoBoeo6nunenie,nosbrftnpenJrorAJr_fi rrpo.flBJrenir rafigauaqnaro artpcrra: nc:b erpeu-6om,ruesurrrd. B ,o *" BpeMrrB cBflBrrc eoacraHieMHpecrbsrrilporr4BrepuancHoftOKnyuaqiu uycnaercrr B xoA o6suueHie: eBper{upeAaJrrlHac ntuqau. B yuf rafigauana sct aru nporunop'bvr.r'bre MorrrBrro6,e4ranRrorca s nn6nmbrft cr{rrrea: 6eii mugor. flaparuenruo ncepoccificr{oMy florpoMy o0ffirueslrrioB Ha vnpar.rirt TE]rercfi fioJroca enpeftcxux rorpolrots 1918 roga, fipu repMaHcxoftoxxSmartrirr rr reruaunlnut. A aarfu n4yr ABa crpamutfimrrx roga: {g19 lr {920-Bpeus EerrpepbrBHofirpaatAancnoft nofiurr, rocrroAcrBa orEfi rr Meqa, BPEMfl
I]ETJTIOPOBqI{HbI
IiI
AEHI,IHI{IIqUIIbI,
ATAMAHOU-6AU4rATOA
r,I
rraprH3aHcKnx noftn, rioirBcriaro nrop;rieuix a Vxpalruy fi ollycrorrrr{reJrbHaro gwrxenir rrpac}roi.i apuiul). Iaftgauaxuua nupyer Ha ciraBy: rpn nalurnioHaeBpeeBorAaHbr efi Ha noroK r.r paarpa6nenie. vmacr,r xM:FmnusnHhr r{ ro'roBqr{Hbr 6ntgritror napal rr"*, xpoBaBbrMrrnpoM. cornu rhrcflq y6urux rr naye:bvenHLrx, Aecfirr{rr Tblcflq rrBHacr{JroBaHHbrx?r{eHrrlrrrr,corHrr ropoAoB, uperepntn_ rrrr{x MrroroHparHr.e norpoMbr u pfaum or pasEbrx 6aug u Jrr{rur{Brtrnx c.fiIloqru r cero enpefi cHaro HaceJreHiR,UUOIOropoAoB-nJrag6urq, cpaBHeHHbrx c gelureft - rar{oBbr rrrorr[ <<rperrefi rartSauauunr,rl. r) <{enanlrnuquaa> rirr{ [orporbr anra-6onrmesxcrcHofi fio6pooonr. qecnoft Apuiu, cau'e aatpcxie ue enpeitcfir{x norpoMoB roro BpeueE&, cocraBnElor xax 6ygro ucxarcqeRie rrB rlarrrero o6qaro re3l{ca, nocHoJrbHy B oroM ABr,rlKeHilr yvacrnoranlr paBEopoAEbre arHtrqecxie aneuenru pocciu, or 6usrueft qapcfiofi reap4in rra ABopflH Io HaBxaBcrux r{EopoAqeB, Ho ryr saAo rroMrrurr cn64yrcqix o6crosrenrcrna: 1) rearpolr BoerrnLrxgtftcrnifi rrporEB eBpeeB6uaa repputopia vxpauxu; 2). saqrHuluHaMrrn rponanoil pacupaat c eBpefiMr{ffBJrEJrrrcb S0lrrnero qacrbn RaaafiII, r{oropErec li-ro slbna no nctx uogo6urrx rroABrnax FBJrrrJrr{crnpeArerraMuraft4auaxon; B) rar u n 6uuus onoxu, ec:r;bg aa xaaaqxofi goessofi pactrpaBoft r.rAer (Mr.rpEas, fipecrbaEcFas pacfpaBa - raftganaqxifi rpa6exr, ynoa narpa6JreEHaro EB ropoAoB B AepeBBrrn r. n. Itorga xe, ncn64craie nopaxenia ,{o6ponoarue_ crofi Apuir, BoeEELreuorpoMLr t(oEquilHcb, Torqac cEoBa Bcrirur{Jra B r[cuoJrsesie csoax o6saassocreil rafiAaMaquEa c er 6anAuraME-araMaEaMr{r{ orrarb aaJrfiaa VHparuy eBpeficnoir npoB6to.
74
KHHra, noropoft ilpetrtrochrJIaPTcfl arrr rtpar-' Mxororolruag xin ncropnsecxin [apaJrJreJ[I, paBonarfier coBpeuerlurrrlaM !I noToMcrBy o co6nrisx srloxlit rperreft rafigauavunbr, paBcr(a?ner B MrrorollucJrernnx olf{uqianrxrrx Ao$yueurax' B orllcaHinx o'IeBlrAqeB Ir c&Mr{x }fieprB, a nurbcr;L c r:!M suecer cl{creuy r{ uop.flAox B aror orpoilcrmft uatepiar, co6pannlrfr s cauofi ro4onu rIJIaqa, rlo ?Icropix fialrrux uccl;bgur'Ix rcaractpotf Mo]Rer cs;[fifl{M cnfgau. rrr{carbc.fl retrepb ue tro cnyYaftunu paBcliaaaM o[rlrronrlx nttoIIHCIIeB'
BCtrOMIIHaIOIIIUX
uepeffiUT0e
I{JIL{ yCJII'I[IaHHOe
OT ApyIIlX
s o6o6qaroulux B[eqarnrbnis yaliaro npyra Jlrrq; oua cocraBJrfiercs srur6 xoJrJlerirlrBuo, Ha ocHoBanirr ugomx rblcflq [oEyMeHToB' rrffIIIeTcfi coTHffMI'rIil TLIcfiqaMII aBTopoB' Koropble }Ie AyMaJIr{ 6rrrr nrbrouucqaMrl, a npocro Bocfipor.raBoguilfl silfltnlroe 14JIr{qHo rrepeneceuuoe eM6crt c AymeBHbrrr coctosnieM nepemnraro DrorHeHTa. Cucretrarlrer,rposaxumft a4;bcr I'larepia.rr Aaer npeffAe Bcero flcHyro ltaprr{Hy crparuHblx co6mtifi rIaM calmM' coBpeMeHXaOCa ne UOrrul CrrbHfiEaM' ItOTOpI'IeB ATII IOIbI IIOJrI'ITI{qOCHaIO Ar{rb Ba r,rx HpoBaBon qtnrm Ha orpoMHoM rlpocrpaucrr;b Pocciu, <
C.,{y6nos. t6
BseAeHie.
.
llcroplluecran nnrl norpoMoB.- Mexgy fiutupou u [ntcrpou. - Vxpauna, HaI{ crpalra norpoMon. - VrpauncHoe fipecrbsltcrBo Ii nyrbrypsafl orcraJlocrb Ao peBoJlloqiu. - Pyccurfuxaqil RpecrbagcrBa.- Dxonouraqecxie irorusu norpoMoB.- AntaroHrBM Me)fiAy ropoAor{ rr gepenneft. - SeMenr,sblttroJIoA tr roBapsbrit roroA. - Ponr eBpeeBu ropogt. - Pons fipecrbascrBa. Miponan BoftEa lr npeAnocblnnn anapxilr Ir norpouoB. - Pesouroqin 1917 r. rr rpa;$Aancnaff Bofiua. - Poct aBaIrrIopIIBMa.Boopymennaa Vnpar.rna. - Anapxia n cmtua snacteft. - Bfxn uorpouoB ua VHpalluib 1917-1918 rr.
Ouenngeq co6lrrift s 3acnannt, Ea Borr,rnlr, rro Koropoft npoRarlrJracb Becnofi 1919 r. BoJIHa IIorpoMoB, JntItHeHHbrx<([erJIIopoBcftoftl) apuieft, otM:bsas B cBoeMgnennuH:b nepemnnaritr eBpeficnaro rraceJreHiff, rrr.rmer: <<,{r:Lcrn ceMbAecffTonI4H rol ToMy HaBaA B p. Haranl) ra MoeMpoAuou ropognrF Sacnar.n;b,Ha Bofibu{u, cI,IAtbJr BeJrJr:brofirrcr rtx yfi{acnlrx AIreft * IHeft BorAaHa X*rthnrnraqfiato, ontrcLrBarr6tgcteia, Horopblff nperepu;br Ham HapoA. flpunno-nu euy TorAa B roiroB)" qro qepeB Mnoro nonontnifi, gntcrra ceilIbAecffT ogr.ru roA crrycrs, uoc.nt q6.uhrx orrox qeJloB6.recHaronporpecca, BbICOHITX
HAYIIHbIX
IICTI1H
II
COqiAJIbHIJX
I,IAEft,
NOPAsI{TEJIbHbIX
ornpbrrift rr nBo6ptrenift,n rolr me caMoMropogt 6yAer cngtrr nlrmyrqin arrr crporiu, xoropnft HocI{TTo }KeI{Mff,qro Ir oH, p. Haran, aarop <<JewejnMezulat, u noroprrft fiBJIflercfl BHyKoMero B nfiroM nononrErir,- n fipoBblocepAIIa6yAet necrn raxylo-He nrbronucr crpaganift cBoeroHapoAa,necsacrift Ir yrfiacoB,an;bpcrru nacunift, noroprre npntruntrJrr{eBpeffMgunir [oJlqlrqa fletnropnr, HpoBaBhre r) Harar laruonep, anrop rase;bctnoii rcropt{qecrofi xponuHn <Jelvejn Mezula'> - o enpeficrnx norpoMax npu ooectaHilt Xmtarnnqnaro. florponr,r nl l'rtpattnd 19'li -. 1(rl 8.
2
L7
rrorounrr BeJrtrfiatoXu'btrarqnaro . . . Pr.rcosaaocr-au erry aro xorga-xu6ygr? . .r Tar ulrnrer coBpeMenurfi sarrrflx co6urifi, trorouon aBropa afiaD{eur.rroft crapofi xpoutrrilf, ubrraffcbsaqytrarb ry r.rcroplrvecxyro nlrrr erpeficnlrx 6tgcrsifi sa Vnpaunrb, fioropafi r.flueroff co Bpeues Xutnrnr,rqfiaro vepea rafigauarrrrry BtrJrorbAo Earilux Aueft. ll n$ficrrureJrLHo, nn.fl r.rcropnxa fiaprr{Ea enpeftcnux flepexilrBauift sa Vxpalurf s L7-u lr t8-u e&x:b r B uarrtr AHrrtrpeAcraBJrffer tropaarrrenbuoecxoAcrBo. flpn cntrf peronrcqiounaro 65rora r npoBrrcoBpeMesxaroynpar.rscnaroHpecrbnnnna aan 6y4ro BcnpoHyJrr[rpanuqin nponrnaro. ]IB rretrJra,troxplrBrrrarotrcropfiqecnyK) Vxpauny, BoapoArrJrr{cr upieurr }caaaqecrBa, Batropoxrcfiotctsu u Borbltoft, Ho ,fiecror{ofi raftgauaulrnrr. <, r(orAafipecrb.EHe-rafi4auaxutrogu.EJrrlcb, rroApyKoBoAcrBoM ?Ilentar{Hria,[porr{B troJrffnoB-rroufqnHoe.A na gtaf coqianruoe guumeuie cBenocbtrper.ruyrqecrBetno K roMy, qro BoacraBuriepaeomnrcr no Vxpaurirb
18
ycrynaer trepioAy xMtJlbrrEquEu n qpe8BbrlaaHo trpeBocxoInT crparrrnbreroglr rafiAauarlnurr n yMasbcltoft ptBntr. llcroprauecxin xpour.rrrr,- ueMHoroqncJlelrnnrff,[paBAa, - ocrasmincg or r;bx rreqaJrbHElx allox, Aalor pfiA llolpgcaloqux ApaMaTulrecKllxMoMeIr' ToB rrepeffir.rsauifiyxpar,Iucxaro eBpeftcrBa' oxpyrfienuaro orueEcoHbrMnoJrbrloMrlorpoMoB. Ho tor, ftto aHaHoMo noHyMeIrraMIiI, qro coBpeMeuuoctl,6utr 6pannu*run nrnrtunrtolo ouoxy, y6;bgurcr, Molrier, erqe 6orave ranltMtr trorpflcaroqltMrr MolfenTauu. lI tat, xan B 6rrunr.ffBpeMeHa,co6urilr paablrpaJllrcr n rtx-xe repp[ropiamnux paMnax: [perrMyqecrBeHnoB upaBo6epemuoft Vxpauu6. Ftonm6emroerpeftcxarotrorpoMa6nua n ocraJlacblroprbxauu Vxparanrr- Metngy Aslb' JrocaMeE(AyAByMffrJIaBrIbrMIt npoM lr ,{ntcrpou. fiaano ua VrpalrH'b oranyua.iruHaaaqnien rafigauaqrde 6yrrnr. Crpana eu{e B t8 stxt ofioHqarerbrrorrorepsJla cBorcEeaaBtrcuMocrb n 6nna BKJrnqeHaB cocraB Poccificxofi lluuepin. VHpalnra B psA odrrxnosennux ry6epnift xa rcrb Poccin. Ho rrpeBparr,rJracb MaccoBblx anrueBpeficnuxuocnoJrbnos Pocci[ ELr BoBHITHaJIo
MaccoBbre B naqarrb 80-x roAon e Poccin BIrepBbIeBoBITI{nJIII roga. Ilepaufi anruenpeftcxie norpouu, I(oropHe rtruynr{cb [o!Irr{ 3 rrorpou nporrBoruen15-ro aup6as t88t roAa B Emrcanerrpagtl 4rnxenie oxBarlrJloaar*u Xepcoucryro, Kiescxyto, ExarepznoolaBcxylo, gepunroacryro, Boarurcxyro, flonrancxyrc r flogolrcxyro Bce aro, Ba MaJrrilMu trc' ry6epniu, Bcero oHoJIo150 uynxroB, -[ xalosenisuu, B ynpauncnfix ry6eprirr; r oguofi allnn ]ties2.
19
cftofi ry6eprilr uocrpagann 48 ropogoB r.r M;Fcreqen. Ilocn'b nepepbrBaB 23 roga, B Arrn oxra6pn 1905, cuosa BcrrbrxuyJrnuaccoBbre trorpoubr,uocuaude ua aror pae ropaaAo6orte urr,rpoHifin mecroxifi xapaxrep. B reserie 4-b weft BoJraanorpoMoB oxsaruna 690 trJrHKroB.IlpucuarpuBaff cb n r{x reorpai[uvecxouy pacnpeg'bneniro, Mbr orrflTb BrrIrrM ro ,fie - r,fiaBuoftreppuropieft rrx flBfiflercfi Bce ra rfie Vnpauua: n ognot uunn 9epHuroscrofi ry6epniz trpouaorrrJro 329 norpouon, r Xepcoucfiofi-82, Iloarascxoft -52, Enarepunocuascnoftn ltiescnofi no 41, Ilogoarcnoft -37. B upraneraroqeft n Vnpaunt Beccapa6cxofiry6epnira 6nno 7i.. B cpanneuirr c arpru qucJro norpoMoBB [pyrnx ry6epuiax coBepruenuoHeBuaqr4reJrbuo, a na Jlurs'b ras floarmlb, rgt eupeer xuuo 6onr,me,utu B yftpar,rrcrux ry6eprirx, norpoMoBrorga rroqrr{ ne 6rrno. B co6urisx 80-x ro4on yuacrie nepeBrrr ne 6pocanocb B rJraoa,rJraBuyropoJrb rrrpaJra ropogcr(afl qepnb, rrogcrpenaemaxrcgoi[o6cxoft arnrarlieft noJrr{qeftcnoft pyHoft. lopogcnan-xretrepnbB ro}nu uanpaBilEeMafi nrlx ry6epuiffx, oco6eHuoB ftpynubrxtrJrHnrax,He ffBJrffercfiroJrr,Ho ynpauncnofi, a trpeAcraBJrfler co6ofi AenJraccuposanuuft aJreMeHT: cutcs yftpanuqeB n trpnureJrbqeBr.rspyccfiux ry6epnift nJrr.{pyccntfuquponaunxx u;bcrnrrx utrqan. B onra6prcxrrx ?ae co6rrrisx 1905rola HapffAyc ropogcxoftqepu6ro,a u:bcraur,rrr BrrepeArr rre.ff, yxpauncxofi y*(e crapolr{riJr ruen Hpec?bsul,ru, 06 orpouAepeBHr{. nou yvacrilr HpecrbflHlrolr{Hocy4rrrb no roMy, rrro r,rB690 onra6prcxux trorporuos626 traAaerHa lrbcreqHnrr AepeBHr{.Pyccnan rroJrrlqeficxas pyxa JrernorroAH.EJra rrporr{BeBpeeBxpecrbfiH, utqan r,r gJreMeHTbr naceneris r4MeHHo B ynpar4ucnrrxryAenJraccnpoBaHHble 6epninx, sero eftneyAaJrocbAo6urrcs B Apyrrrx paftouax nocenenis eBpeeB. r rt rogr,r Vxparancxoenaqionamnoe ABrrmeuie,xan MaccoBoe, gauurenieynpar.rucriaroKpecrbflHcrBa Ho coqiaJrbuoe eqe gpeMaJro, yme rlJro [oJrEbrMxoAoM. Ha.ranoyvacria mupofiaro HapoAHaro aJrelrenTan poccificHoft peronnqilr noo6rqe Molnfio B cyrqxocrr{ narnpoBarb MaccoBblMrrKpecrbflHcr{r{MrrBoBcrauiRur.l,Bcnr.rynyBrrrnurrsecuoft1902 roga s flomaecxoft n Xaprnoscxoft r'y6eprinx, r. e. Ha Vxparant. Peuonrcqiouuoegauxteniefloilynufio oco6enno ruupoftoepaanurie na
20
orBBynr4BoBcraBmefiBatropofircr(ofic*slr u BaJrbuaroKaBaqecrBa. B nepiog repBaro penonroqionnarouog'eMa, B 1902-1907 rr., KpecrbflHcnoe[Brrrfieuie ne aarnrnano ce6s enpeficxoftKpoBrro; npr.r4arnoMpeanqiu r.rno;ruqeftcnaro rrorpoM6r,rn o6gaareJrbnbru pelr$rMa. Ho r peronroqiu t9t7 rola u rroaxe cruxis 6yura Bcr{oJrlrxuyrraAepeBHroua Vnpaunt go gua u n aruoctfep& paanuraemoft rpa?fiAaucnoftnofrsbr Heor$rrAaHuoAaJraa(plpenreepeftcnaro paarpoMar{ ptanra. nau6onte rpucyqr4M yrcpannCruxiiisoe 6yurapcrno oftaBaJrocb cnoMyKpecrr.sucrByHe croJrbnono csoftcrsaMer.oxapanrepa, BbrnoBanuaro r xaaaqHoftr.r Barroponrcxofisomuuqf 1.6-18 n:broa, xorfi rr gro rrecoMn'bnnocurpafio Buaq[TeJrbHyropoJrb, or(oJrbxo ycrosixu, B noropbrx 6narogapa rtu coqianbHo-axor{omrrqecxrru yHparaucxiftKpecrbflHr4H HaxoAnJrcflAo uocufnnux utr. Hlrr4f s Pocci[ He 6nrnoranrrx orpoMHbrxu 6orarrrx uoutrqravrrax nnag&rrift, naH ua Vnpazut (nourbwprqbu((anonouirD,uocecciu), u nurg'[, yr'bcueuir cpeArr c Apyrofi cropoHbr,ue 6nno ranoro BeMeJrbraro qyBcrBoBaJrocb ripecrbsn. ManoaeMenre r.r6esaeMerbe ag'bcrocrprbe, stilr rg6-6hrro rur 6u.:ro. flo gaHnrrMceJrbcno-xoarftcrseuuoft uepeuucu {916 r. noutqlrHaM B yriparrucnr.rxry6epuiax rpr{Ha4Jrerr(aJra rlu aceft.nocrbsHoftrrJroqa4rr,B ro BpeMfi HaK AJrsnceft Enponeftcxofi Pocciraara AoJrrrpaBr{aroJrbno1/roiB cpeAHeM Ha oIHo nou6cs'].,72 gec arun. B peaynrrqrlrrrb e xoasficrso ua Vnp auut rprrxoAr.rJro rarb 6orarna xrrb6opognbrffyxpauucnia ry6epniu, Hopruzruia Pocciro u orqacrn Enpony, AaBaJrra ua6rrroH fipecrb.sHcnaroHacenenis n orpounuft ilpoqenr rrepeceJrexrlea. Vxpauncxifi xpecrraurur yxo4nJr trB cBoeroHpafl, B rroucxax geMJrr{, n Cu6upr, B cpeAuroro Aairo, oruacrrr Ha ,[ou, na ctnep ]tasHaaa.flo Aasuuu <
2L
llecarbgorareaa yxparucxot rfiIralrn yraablBalor ranrae Ea Apyroe Rauenie,fioropoe necouulbuso oblrpano poJlb B anogtanixx uocrtgurx r:br: ua xpaiiutolo nynbrypuylo orcraJlocrb yKpaIrEcfiaro fipecrbfiHcrBa.Tan, nanpru;bp, rpauornocrb cpeAlrlracerenis ynpar4ncnux ry6epnia Bnaqurerbuo Meubme paeBltra' u:Fu cpegu rpoqaro nacenenis Pocciul). flo gannrlru acepoccificxoftnepeuucu 1897 r. cpe4nia [poIIeHr rpaMoruocrlr opeglr aceeola.ace,nerin Pocciu cocraBJIffJI23,3%, trpllqeu r n;bxotopnx BeJlfinopyccxrtx ry6epuiax rpoqenr eror rloBhllrancs Ao 36,1. Ipauotnoctr-me Bf,rmel'6,4% (9epnnrorynpauvcnaaonaceaesis Ee rIoAEuMaJIacb M;[cruocr.Ex cnan ry6.), trorr{rr(affcbr otgrbmnrrx [o 10,5/o (IIory6.), Ro9,4/o (Boruscnan ry6.) u AatneAo 6,3/o (OnpyrAorrbcnarr cxin ytag). Xapanrepuo flpr.rarou ro o6ctosrenrcrBo,qro uocntgnifi gnt ry6epuin c rralrMelrbllreftrpauoruocrblo sBJrslorcs qerlrpoM npaao6epexHoft Vnpatrnrr. Orcranocrr yxpalrucfiaro Haceyxareris s BnaqfiTefibrloftcreuenu flBJlffercff, tro c[paBeAJILIBoMy sariro ynparrucxux uacatgoaateneft, peByJlbrarou unorontrneft noJrrrrrrnr,r qapcftaro rrpaBurerbctBa, troJIITTHKI{naqiouanruaro rrrera, ruurnstrrefi nacenegie mKoJIbIga pognoM sarrrrb It Etecrono scsrie npo6tecxn naqionanrnoft xymrypbr. Ao npeonrFgonasrueft (pespara1905 roga 4ame Enanrede 6uvro sa ynpauncrou sarrHt crporo BarrpeqeuoI Or aroft troJItrrIrKIt crpaAaJla 6oJrrrne scero AepeBuff,He trogaBaBrlrascffpycou{uxaqin. ,{tficmonar-Jrtr B uoxogt ynpanucHoft lepeBlru [porl.{B eBpeeB rJraBrrrruo6paaou MoMeIrrucropuvecnift-
CBOETO HPYTA,
6YPNUN
BOAbI EE BOIIIJIIT B CBOII 6CPETA,
t) Cn., uaupuutp, c6. rVrpauncrifi noupocr, uag. III, 1917r.,crp. 1,54. C6oparn Eror RaAaEytrpauucnr{uu[tnrenaur Bo Bpeua Bofiru na pyccrou sagr6.
22
r Mbr caMu erqe flBnffeMcn xrrrBrrulr JruacrrraxaMr.rco6brrift. Mrr croru Burornyn r( ooBpeMennocrrr. Crporir onpegfreuifi n Aeifunuqin BpfiA-nn npr( raKnx yctoeinx BoaMor{rnLr.CyAn, onnaro, rto MuoroqrlcJreuEbru orpamenie n co6pannnx AarrELrM,Harrre4rrrrrM nonaaanisx n uarepiarax, auarrrrreJrbuyro poJrb B ucr.rxonoriurpecrBnncrBa,B ero [oxoA'b uporlrn eBpeeB,cbrrpaJrnoxonoMusecnie MorrBbr. ?Ituanr, norpe6nocrn u upieun yAoBJrerBopesincra;rr.r npr{Mr,rTr{Brrbr Ao nepBo6nrnocrr. Boftna u peeonroqionurrn 6ypn coegaJrr.rp&gnit n lrcropin rorapxrrfi roJro[ y AepeBrrn. Conr, ftepocmr, caxap, uany(fanrypa, rBoo[r{, a nnaqanrFu Mennafi paaan;bnnasMoHera crauoBqrc.ff p;f4vafirunura, He4ocfiraerubrMrr AJrfi Hpecrb.srruua rrpegMeraun.Hedotrmoft Bauacornx trpoAyKToB, Koroprrit cocpeAororrfiBaercff B ropolax u utcreqnax, Jrex(rlrrB pyfiax l{cxourrbrxroproBrlen Vxpauubr - eBpeeB. Bo rpeua sofirlrr rr paBpyxnroproBJr.fl rpunr{Maerxapar$ep cnenynrqiu, qacroBJrocrnoft. Boftna u penonnqifl cnecJrr{rcf npexuie ycrorr coqiatrnofi MopaJrr{ln paBBrraaJrr{ nroAcnyroa.ro6y. I(asanocr - Bce crano AoBBoJrerrnbrM.Bc:F aru npr,rqunbreM6crt cogrbftcrroaaJrr{roMy, qro rroxoAB ropoA aa uany{anrypoft r{Jrr{coJrbro{aHruuecnn npeBpaTrrJrcflB uoxog Ba roBapoMu go6pou eBpefl,a nocutgnee Heox(r(Aarruo npr.rBeiroft noxo4y aa gymoft eBpeff, r xaxgrb fipoBr.r. 9rn rryrcrBa B BaryMarrerruoMMyrfinqr{ou Moary Heo6nr.rafiHo o6o- g crplrJlr,rcb fipotrarau4oft npruurrnnofi rpam4aacxoft s9ft1151 o4aoft croponbr, a trpolaraHgofi naqiouaJrbuaro uroBqsuaMa- c Apyroii. Bparxge6uoeornourenie ynpar{Hcrioftgepennu fi ropogy rrotrarr Karr,rrcfl6rlcrpte, 6naro4apr rouy, naer na Raqioua.:rrnlrepeJrbcf,r vro ropona na VHpalln:b ssJrsrorcfl B BHaqr4renr,noft crenenu seyxpauucnuMtr, qro crr.nrnorl ropogcxofi yxparancxoft 6yprxyaaiu agtcr ntr. , nrrcaJrarafirfie genyraqin or Ideurpanruot Paqar B cBoeMMeMopangylrf Bperuenxouyflparr.rrenbcrBy,B ua'b 1917 ro4a. B arou yraepmgenirl ecrb necountnuo nrbxoropoetrpeyBenr,rseuie, u6o ga. 6rrra ra np:bunax cenbcr{an6ypxyaair, Roropyro yftpar{rrcxarrAe-
23
noropble opra' peBurr[aBHo BblA:brura,rf cpegrie <<x.n66opo6m), suaoBafiucba u a aupt.n6-rvrat 1918 roAa trpIrHfiJIuraxoe gtnreurroe y'racrie e coagauiraretuancnoft ),conutcruo co
rryH[rTbr[epeHecJlrryrnaclrElenorpoMbl, a EtltoTopbre u MaccoBylo p;bBHro(Tpoornneq, Oelrrurun)' C gpyrofi cropoubl, nurg:b HpecrbfirrcrBoHe Balrlluaer ranoro utcra B anol{oMllqecHoficracremrbcrpaubl' xan a4:bcr' Vnpazna flBJrflercfi,nrbponrno,nau6ol;be Hpecrbnrrcxoftcrpanoft n Enpont' IIo sontftmeft nepeuncu 1920-t92Lr', s t2 sbnrtuturlx yfipalruEux cxraxry6epriflx HactllrrblBaercnoKoJIo26'000'000 *rurenefi' uB tarie or6pocurr eonn cnr,rure21b00.000 ?arrByrr gepeanxxl)' Ho rrerbrpenpy[Ilblx ropoAa, nax OgeCca,ItieB, Xapsnor u Ertatepuxnreneft Houx sMlbcrrbcocrasnser noqrl'I t'300'000' riocJlaB,rIIdcJIo K a rafirfie vacrs !,oueqnaro 6accefina, [putllcJlfieMaro rerlepb el4e BbrcryrrrT npan VHpaunt, ro Kpecrbflncrdfi xapaxTep aroro 3[tcr, B EroMqapcrnt MytnunoB,c oco6ennoftcunofi paBH"""64. B ro[bl peronnqin 6ynr uyxtuqxoft ctuxira, ue4Iuifi flepBoe rpaJlcs BpeMff troA sHaKoMpaBpylurrreJlrnaro <<6onbIueBIlBMa)' T1ry-*"
oubITbI yKparrHcRafl AepeBEg oTKaBaJIacbnpinrn ftoMMJrIIIIcTlIqecne npaBlrreJlbcrBa rr trprruyAlrreJlblrylo BJIacrb MocnoBcraro cos;btcnaro qepeB cBonx rr BcryrIIrJIa c HI{M B yropuylo Boopyxel{Hyro 6opr6y' (noBcraHIIeB))II ([aprI'IBaH)), ro ona co scefi ano6oft o6pyulunacr r'IrpaJII4 parlblue Bcero Ha ropog rr tu:bcreqno, rA:b rnaeuyro poJrb aHI4 oqeHb uo eBpeu. Enpelr, cocraBJl.flsHe roJIbKo SHarlrrreJlbHrrfi' Brfirnsublft aJreMeur ropogcnoro naceleris, 6rrnn 6onnrne npyrlrx Tal{}fie HyTbr B rroJrr{TrrqecHyrorr peBoJrnqionnyro fiuIBIIb II InpaJIu s coslbru uaprin ona"" aautrnyto poJlb B aoMM)muorltsecHoft 6bIsaJIrI Ha BI'rAHbIx Eupeu-xoutuyHr'rcrbilIacro cxou aunaparf. ((MOCKOBCKOft)) IIOrrocTax, flBirfiflcb aEepruqHbIMII npoBoAEIIHaMII JrrrTrrgrr. COnfrCHa-s BiIacTb nrrgi[, 6rrrr mOmer, ran 6eBnOIqaAHO roJIKaJIa K IIe trpoBoArrJracBoro uoJruTr{Frylr nlrr4;b TaK aBaprHo He coBepmeHuo agtcr, nan rpantAancnofi soitxt, oco6enno n lepeau6, cJro?nHbrfrsaqioHafi rHbnr BSaII MOOrnouleniR, c)ru{ecrBynufiIopr{pyfi -ynpaun:b, u HeMnsyeMbrfl AJIffeapeftcKaro nacenesig nocn:bA,qi" "" romrcrniR, fiBlrbre rIpIrBIraxIr Horopblx 6unn yme Ha JII{qo' Ora BparaM uorpe6t [aJIa r[r{a Ba}K}nexuaro ifanena B tropoxoBolc HeBI'IHHoft enpeficxoii BJIacrrI rIoBoA uponurr ptnr costrcnofi xpoBI{. Vrpanua n 1921roly' B
26
Tanosbr 6unn ooqiaJrbHbr.E Bgarruooruoruenis na Vxpauat x MoMerrrypeeoaroqiu. 9ernpexatrsss soltHa eqe Ao ororo roAroroBuJra nct npe4uochrnr[ BBphrBa,paBpyxu crparrbr ll anaprful nepeBHrr;ona-rxe rroporoBnna rrb nponanbrMopanbualocoauaniR, noropbre cg'bnanu BoBuorr$rbrMrr MaccoBrlffnpecryunerin uocutgunx n'br. Penonroqin, ffBr{Bmrrcborsfrou ua aoftiry, 6rrna 6escrrJrbra ocranoBnrb rrpoqeccu pacrraAan anapxiu lr sacburarbnpotracrrr. Ona ronrno o6namrna z o6ocrputa arrr trpoqeccrr. Boftua HayrruJraur.rntionn urcgeft Texnaqecftunlagfrr opyntieu u 6ofirbauerrro MrrJrrrrapr{BnpoBaJra ncuxouoriro. Jlroln BomJraB ro , fi opyxdro, noropoe oxaaaJrocrTafir.rM ponoBbrM.Bo npeua uipoaoit nolinrl Vnpauua uu:baa IBa ftpynubrx (pponra- rcro-satragurlfiu pyruuucxifi. A xorga r(ouqrrnacbnnrbmsss sofiHa, rlaqaracb erqe 6onfe alror*rqax sofrEa Bu5rrpeHnffrr, rparr(Aarrcrafi, MerfiAoyco6nar, B KalHAoMtroceneuir{, na naxgoit ynuqrF, orrecroqeriua.Err ynopnaa. llgeotoriff Botnu, BoearrbrxMeToAoB,Mopaxb tpponra, arran, <(BoJrqbrrx fiMDH ocaAlrb,f,r rronomeuifi uo nperxneMy rocrroAcrBoBaJrr( B ,nrraur{,xorr lripoaar noftsa Boftna u penonrcqiff AaJrr{ynpalrncnoMysaceneAaBHooftonrtr{Jracb. nin opymie B pyru, 6olrme .rtu s Apyrrax pafiouax. Vxpauncxifi fipecTbffrrtrH,€ro cr,rH-coJrAaT, Aeaeprr.rp,trapTr.rBaHyHocr{nu c {ponroa, enlbmsnx rr Bnyrpenrrrrx, B AepeBrrrcorpourroe r{oJrlrqecrBonoopyxenin, BapLrBa.E ero Ao tropbrAo Bpeueurrs aeufiro. lI [oaroMy uct rpaxgancris cronxsoneri.E ua Vnparau:blt uosrn aolb uorpouubreHaJrerbr rrocfiTBoopy?aenuuft,o6rrHuoBeuuonponanut xapaHrep. Bxu eqe o4un {anrop, urpasurift se uocrtAuroro poJrb, nan aJreueur norponnofi ucuxo;rorin, aro-ueo6rrsaftsoe paenurie aBauTrop[aMa, roo6qe xapanrepuoe lJrrr nocn:b4uux .ntr u trpun rBmee ra Vrpaunt oco6enHomuponifi xapaxrep. llceopuqecnarr Vxpauna xopomo BrranoMac Brr{Mssnenietd erqe c 16 u 17 s*xos. Aranrlopraau cnoco6crBoBan coagarircnaaaqecrna.ItaBaHr{aa[oporncrofi ctvu, ro rraat c araMauaMlr,orrrpaBJLEJMcb s cxlbrbre aBanrropncrcnieuoxogrr necur 6opr6y c , c rarapauu rr rypnaMrr, uoq $narou uo6rbgu npecra EaA rronynrbcaqeu. Ho ucrr.rnnrru crrrMyJrou crnrqenuofi sofiHbr6ulo, xax yffaabrBaror Aarfie yfipauncxie trcropurtr, ncfierrie rrpuxJtrosesifi c qfurro cnopofi saxruBf,r; roxogbr [aBaJrr orpourryrc, 6orarylo 26
([aarom,6un paanur rI rIoAraKI{M'}r(e go6uvyl). Taxoft aBarrrropr{BM, r Enpont eqe co BpeMeEnpecroBErxtroxoAoBrr B cyqeors'b csoeu lrutn ty rr{e rpfitltrHy. B corpeuenxofi VHpaun:b uocxpecun c 17-rO nosOt ouJroft aTa CTapbrenpieunr RaBaqKaIoaBaIITIopI{BMa s:bra, rogsaJrgcb r{ogAoT6epbrperolroqiu, IroBbIe1<1tpecTogocllhlt. Iloxog-xe Ea
nctx yxaoauublx rpfiquu Vnpauua crauoBlrrofl
BBaITMI{A1OOrxeCrOsegiff,
BOOpymeEEbIx
I(pOBaBbIx
CTOnft'
rlepeBoporoBI{ nonurarlecfinxcu;[s' Cutna noseuit, HenpepuBrrblx B ucrOpiu paaufpOa. ufcraur Ao rreCJILIxaHHbIx BJraCTefi AoxOAr4T go 1921r' penouloqiu i[erpanroxofi ot Tax, uanpuu:bp, n Hiest BoBcerga noqru Boacranift, trpollsoruno L!-Lb [epeBoporoB r FactlnTril' opylr(ernbrx. B ranou ropogt, xan Vuarr, nepeBoporoB qUCrrO nepeBoBarOT rrJrTb-fiI( He AO 25; nO MHOTIIX MeJIItux tryHKTax
poroB eqe 6onrure. Ha arou MeqyqeMoflxopa6n;b,r aruoctfept IIotrpeCTyIIJIeHIfi cruxifurOft auapxiu, craJrr{ BgguornrrbrMaccOBbIs rpoMoB. ynpaulra neOnncrrsan uepiog, Bo MHoroMcxogunft c rtM, qro r pexrrJran nocntgrie roAhr,- nepiog soacraHisXutlulrqxaro <ctGgyroqyro Haprlruy Rpas:
BgflKaff
BJIaCT6 u IIpOIIaJIO paalunie
Merr(AynIoAr,Mr{.Crosno aA cnycrrrn c q;bnu BceBJIou [ocJlan ero ryJrffrb no cntry. . . flnrlalu ropo4a' AepeBIu,urbctevxu,yca4r6u r nrbca. . . THcswr nroAeftru6lu 6eacarbga>. CrrJrbr ua vnpaunt, nrr coaHaTenbllo xapanrepusyfl rrorpoMEb,lE r cropont rorpoMbr.yqrHeHEEIepyccnoft flo6pononsveocraBlrJrrr Bo atopofi norosNs;b l'919 r' cxot apuiefi, r. uaa. (AeunfiI{EqaMlr>' B utltorOpnrx oruonenifix
27
rpoMbr yqaneubr orrJlaur{, uyrngblMr VnpaIaut u rpamge6nrrur,r ynpar4rcnouy r{ fipecrb.sr{croMygnumenircl Eac-HreB ernufirrepBbrx- roMax rrrrrepecyror ucropir u ugeonoria ilorpoMoB, YIII'IHEHHbIX YH P AUE OIttr MIT OIIJIAMII.
Ilocrxqar orgrbnrnnfi roM rrorpoMau 1917-1918 rogon, urr oruro4bHe AyMaeMrlocraBrrrbaror nepiogpflAoMco crparrrrbru{919 roAoM. Meargy Hr.rMr.r HecoMrrbnnoorpounas paBn?rrla.Ho s L9L7r. u oco6ennoe i"918r. 6rrnn [aubr B sasaroquoft$opru6 npoo6paan rfx anorrbrqux rrorpoMoB,r(oropbrea nocrtgyrorqie rogu roryq[rn maccoBrlft,BfilrgeMr4rrecxift u EecJrlrxarrunfi no csoefi firecronocrr{ xapaxrep. B rogu I{eurpaurnoft Pagn u rerMaua HaqaJraranrr{e rgeonoria, 6narogapa cnJraAlrBarbcfiTa coqianrno-noJrr4Tr4secnaa r{oropoft uoagntfiruift norpouurrft BapbrBcraJr Boouo?nen.floarouy ran ueo6xoAr.rMo royrrenie aroro uepioga. Ilepiog aror Haqrnaercr (nbflHblM}r coJlAarcxr{Mrrr{ [orpoMaMr{)),ancrleccaMrrr,rrpa6ernauz, p64xo c qefioetsecftrrMrr meprBaMrr, HaH peByJrbrar paaBaJra pyccrcoft apuilr, aurageuiuAeaeprr{pcrBa,crraxifinoft 4euo6nnuaaqiz AByx KpyrlHtfiruux BoeHubrx(ppoxron rr paarpoMa BrrrrubrxcnJlaAoB Ha r{rm. B arrax rpa6emax [pr,rurfMaror yuacrie ran?r(e u HpecrbffHe.Itorga ara BoJrHaHaquuaerBarr{xarb, Boarrufiaernosbrft pfiA trorpoMoB,B cBrrarrc sofiHoft Me'fiAyynparruqaMlru 6omuresufiaMr.r;Ha cqeuy Br{cryflaer nosbrftyqacrHun axcqeccoB- yftparrucnax naqiouaJrbHaffapuir. Boennrrs cronxnosenis c6usaror Ha aoporxoe BpeMfl ua ror lne tryrb trorpoMa r.r ntnoropnfl Kpacrrbrs qacrr!. focuo4crno reruaua, onxynaqia slbMqes !r rroJrurr.rftapecrarpaqilr BbrabrBaer nrbrou 1918 r. troBcraHqecxoe nnunreniecpeAu Hpecrb.flH,ra sMfcrt c orrru HaquHaercfiHosuft p.EA,necroaax troIpoMoB, yqr4HeHHErx HpecTbfl HaMll-noBcTaHrdaMrr.
TaHosbr rnasutfinie n;bxrnpaonurin uorpouuaro [Bnrfieuir xa Vxpaun6 Ba arrr ABaroAa.
28
I. Ilocnf (leupaurcrofi penonroqin; allrMertrrcran aruraqia. -IIep' - Anapxia. - Bopr6a sa raqionaarnoe BEratronLITHMficIIeccoB, cauoonpeptnenieVrparann,- {enrpanrnas Pala. - Vrpalrncxia rpe6onanir u pocciftcria napriu. - Asroxouia lr ifegepaqia.Haqano xor([unrra Mexgy flerporpagou r Hiesou. - Ilepnufi sacru; BoficfioBEIe Vur.rnepcal.- flepnux yxpauncHinBoficHoBEIff c"baAr.'.- CornauresieMet*rAyllerporpagou u Hiesou Ir EoBEItr - Bopr6a Me}fiAy6onrmenucrcHofi Hoa(pmrnt.-
29
ponb B arofi arnraqlu trepBoeBpeMs urpanr.r eqe crapbre qspEocoreHrrbreofleuesTLr,troTepffBruieuotrBy uoA sorautr u cuotplbBllrie co Bno6ofi Ha soBbre tropffAKu. Ilepnnn cstgtuis o6 asruceur{rcnrx aucrynneninx uocnt perorroqin trpxmntrua Kiescfioft n lloarancHoft ry6epnifi. B savarB uapra fa crpanr.rqax (}li 7, 1917 r.) nornunocb uepBoe nsstcrie o [orpourrot aruraqiu qepuocorenuLrxaJreMenroas IIouraa6; ara arnraqia o6paruna rorAa Ha ce6s esuMauie B. ItopoJreufto, xoropnft s M+crHoft reqaru () aanuefiMlrn aru nncryuueuinl). Anrnnuaq aurraqia n ltiescfiofi ry6epniu BeJrac6, rlraBrrbnfi o6paaou,n Bacuarnost n oco6eHnor Epyclrroa;b. B Epycnnos6 6buragaxe cgtnana - BtrepBbre nocnrbperotnqilr norLrrfta ycrpor{rb rrorpou, Ho HaqaBmificarpa6em eapeficr(r{x JraBor(6rra ceftsao fi(e fipefipaqen uunuqietz). B nasa&1b Mas B ruyxoft uponlrnqiu Kiescftofi ry6eprdlr, s c. Cslbrnxr.r,Taparqaucxaro y;[aga, 6nra cg;buasa uorrbrrxa coaAarb pr,rryaJrbnoe Arbuo: fipecrbfiHe flycrr.rJrr.rcJryx, qro oAEa r{B utbcrnrrx eBpeefi ercroqr{Jra HpoBb} c puyranbsrrun qr[tsulr y xpncriancxoft g6novxus). B cauou Kies.b oqeHbpauo narrafiacbnorpoMrrafiarutaqin, r{oropaff rrpr{Hffnaycunennnfi xapanrep r irosro. B xonqt inun enpeficnoeuacenesie, oco6esuo Ha flogon;b, trepeffir{Jroagtcr n'bcxonrxo rpeBorfinbrx gueft, a BnAy roroBrrBmaroca trorpoMa; ToJrla HalaJra Ha eBpeeB,BoBnBrrruxroBapbr, nrbnoropnx crJrblro ug6r,rra, ua6rls uprr arou rafirne sacrytruBmaxcff MuJrrrqioueponeBpeeB. 24-ro irons 6rmn coaeanlr ancrpesnnn aactganiff noMrrreror naprift r.r Mrbcrubrxo6qecraennrrx oprasfiBaqift (naprift c.-p., c.-n. u Vrpanncxofi PagH), B BtrAy rpeBornuaro trorpoMraro Eacrpoerin n ropog&. I{apunuee s }tiescxou pafionf nacrpoeuie BLrBBanos Easaflt anprbna oco6oe sossnarie x uaceaeuilo EaqaJrbr{lrxa Hiescxaro BoeHnaroonpyra, rer. XogopoBr{qa,rro troBoly oxslaeubrx norpouoB, B noropon roBoptrJrocb:<Pacrpocrpalrflrorcff cJryxu o Boauorr{trocrueapeficxnx [orpoMoB. Pasounanrcs oco6rrr trpofiJrar) Santrna B. Hopoaeuxo uspetretrar.n aEup. HeAfntr $lt 1&-15, or 15-ro anptaf 1917r. r) Tax-xe. 8) Tan-xe, J\i 24, or 18-roipus l9l7 r., xpoxf,Ha.
30
(flerporpal)
Maqiu, trpnabrBaroqisK rar{oBf,ru. . . Bcsxis tronrrrr{n EapyrunTb tropsAor rr5neu nacsnis u rpa6exa AonrftElr 6urr npectraeubr. B cryvat rprrBbrBasoftcx gux 6opr6rr o nacurieu naqanrnr,rxu softcroBbrx qacreft Aonlfiubr[pr{HrrMarb ac* ufpnr K rrsAonyqeuiro ranonoro>1).Cayxu o BoaMoxrHou uorpouf oqenb pano Boarr[KJrrr B ApyroM qeurpf ganueft qepnocoreuuoftaruraqin - s Ogecc6. Arraraqin HauaJracberqe r uapr:F. B anptnt rcouuccap Bpeuenraro flparrarearcrBa.B OAecct, JI. Be.nuxoB,saflBr4JrrrpeAcraBnreJrffM fieqaTrr,qTo(onacHocTbrrorpoMaEa BpeMffycTpaHeEa, Eo aKcqeccBr na oroft uornrb, upu uautnunurefics o6cranosn.b, nno.nn:broauoxnro2). Xora go oxcqeccoBe Ogecc6He gorrrJro, so fiorpoMuarr araraqix s reqenieMrromxMtcsqes raM He fipexparqaJracb, npuufiB x oceur.r79L7* AoBoJrbHo yrpomarcqift xapaxrep. Arnraqis BeJracb raxrrie n pag6 rryunroBHa rorb, r paftout rpnnerarouleur Ogeccf. B nruy rorpouHaro 6poxenia n Eanr6, n uapr6, Contr conAarcxux AetrJnaroB orrrpaBr,rJrryAa 100 congar c nyleuerauus). B Tupacnonf 6nrna pacrplrra trotrrrrxa K ycrpoftcray trorpoMa: Ha vepgarrb oAnoro goua 6rrro nxcrlenrrpoBaHoprrryanrnoe y6ificroo, uo ropoAy 6rran pacHneenbrJrncrnu, npuarrnarorqieH uorpoiuyr). O culrnofi qepuocoreuuoftarlrraqilr ua noqn'bAoporoBrlsnbr rr npoBarpyperift coo6qanocbr{BpflAa utcr: us }IftrroAoBoJrbcrBenubrx uipa, rg'L ronna ,r(euqnu fiponaBoAr{nao6rrcxu trpoAoBoJrbcrgiss enpeficrux goMax; us Err.rcaserrpaga,rg;broJrtrapaspbrnautcnotmo Aecfirr(oBerpeftcnux MorrrJr,r{qa trpofiynToB;tra AueHcangponcna, EHareprurocrascfioftry6., r4t ToJrtraHatranana erpetcHis naBr{r( u Haqarra r{x rpoMr,rrb. }t co6nrisu aroro po4a c.ntgyer orIrecrtr u trorpourryroBcrrbrmxyn *r. Ifarep6ypr6, B9sr,rws66ft 1yS., nponcureArrryrc2-ro innn. Vuornouosennlrfi Hounrera IIOIIE (Itiencxaro O6ulecrra rroMoqr{ eBp. uaceneniro, uocrpaAaBmeMy or BoesHrrxAfftcrBift) rax coo6qa;ro6 arou co6rmiu:
J\l 14-15, or l5-ro auptnn l9l7r. J\l 17, or 30-ro auptar l9l7 r. J , , l1! 2 - 1 3 , o r 2 4 - r ou a p r a 1 9 1 7 r . lii 14-15, or l5-ro anp'blr l9l7r.
31
r{ x pacx}rqeEiro truJnqecrBaIr rpaB6 rraA roproBrlaMrr-eBpesMrr ro""po". 2-ro iroun, Bo BpeMffspyapnu r }tarep6yprrb, SpouauSnnft uM' qro roJrbno oAEn eBpel[ coJrnaTco6npau fipecrbsrr' AoriaBbIBaJI BuEoB&TbIBo BBgopo?anginxuasn>. B pesynrrarB 6rrnu paBrpa6teun roBapbr s slbcnonrfinx enpefteHr.rxMaIaB[I{ax. Ho ua ltpeapueftCraro Coalbta, npu6rrur trpeAcraBl{Tenr.r MeHqarreMeAJreErro r[CIrOJrEt{TeJIbUAIO fiOUtrTeTa U HATTaJIbHIII( uraRrliu,
u nOrpOU 6ltl
npiocraxornenll). BbI' SacnyxnnaroqrrMu snuMAFig trBnfiroT0fl aETUCeMnTCItlg uerep6ypr' repBaro crynrerin Xpycraaera- Hocapn, trpegc+Aaren.E cHaro conrbra pa6ovrx AerqmaroB r orra6prcnie 4nu L905 r., BecbMaB cBoeBpeMfilrorlyJlffpsarogtareln. Xpycraner-Hocapr ptano uaurbnranc roro BpeMelrncron y6'bmgerin u nocn;b penoircqi" t9t7 r. o6paeoaany ce6n na pogrant, r flepeaenas;b,IIourascxofi ry6., raH uaa. , rAt nelr ornpbrrylo anluceMl{rcayxl atnraqiro, flptlabrBaff apecrbflIr K 6opr66 c enpeauuz). eqe Bcrb aru 6eBuuucrna,rpa6extu rr BotrhrmKrraIITfiCeUnTIIEMa trO' MaCcosaIO TOrAarpeBomnoft urrcnu O uapoll{Aesira rre BnyuraJrrd rpoMHaro gnnrneria. Bcn Poceiq 6Hila oxsaqeEa I(oHByJIrCinrnn sno6rl n o6qeft anapxilr. Paasarltsanacr apuin' ConAarn ca' 6pocaml rfponr u AeMo6unfiaoBaJilrcb.Epogrrnrie uo MOBOJrbrro crpaurb Aeaeprlrplrrpa6nnu ropoAa r'r oco6enuoMtcreqfir' B xepern* crzxiftuo troAHIrMaJIocbKpecrbffEcrBo rr craJlo rpoMlrrb uoMtqu.rru lrutnia, a qacro lr coctAuie ropoAa. B iopogax cnup'Fno6rrsatenrcxie <J\l l, or 9 irons 1917r'
3?
o6rqis norurr4qecftin neypr4nrlbr, rocnoActaonauis s Poccin, na vxpaunrb o6ocrpnrr.rcr ocobrrurr [prrqI4EaMI(:rfl]neJILIMtrpo' yxparncnof, <
O6rrnnOeeHHOfitracTbro crpaHbl, IIpOOTO (IoroM POCciI{)> OTO cTaro OqeBralnOCeft.rac-xreuOCn:btferpanr,cnOft perOnroqir. Pegonrcqis cKJIaAbIBaJIacr ag'bcr coBeplueHHorlHaqe, 'I6M s ocrallnofi qacril Pocciu. Ha apeny rroJrr4rr{qecHoii6opr6rr Heot}lIIlaHHo BbIcryrltlJra cr{Jra,ona3aB[raflcfi oqeub ctofiHofi r{ axTyaJrbHoft' Haq i o n a n s n n r ? y x p a u n c H i i t a l e l r e r r r ' I { a r u M I I o B I I M( p a H r o p o l t onpeg'bnuncs Becb xoA peBoJlloqionnrrx co6urift a rpa;b' Vme s nraprt, cefi.rac uoclrb penonroqira, yHpanHcKI,IMlrAtqrensun o6pa,o"""" s }tieet I{entpalr,nan Paga (Cortt), ucxop'b cA;bnanruarcr II3 penolroqiounmu naqiouaJrbHLrMrrapJraMeHrou.Paga cocTaBI{JIaCb ornpeA0raBt{relefi VnpauHc}rux coqialraCtr.r.recfiI,Ixuapriit sC;bx r:bnnon, fipecrbt{Hcnrax I[ softcftoBblx opraHuaarlifi, HyilbrypHblx' (paA)' uporfeccionaJrbHblx rr fiooneparlrBHblx o6ulectr u ]r:bctHblx l{enrpanr'nar oglronpeuerffi o c o6ute-penolrcqioHHr,rMtrJrosYHtaMII flepnoHauanbuo efl PaAa sblctaerlna HaIIioHaJIbHLrflrpe6orauin' naqioualrnbre JroayHrr{ 6rrnlr cparurrTeJrbHo cKpoMHhI OHa AO[roraJracb upuaHania asToHoMiu vHpaunrr, no sMlbcrt c DTIIM oIIa rpe6oeanie, HoBoe AJIrI pyccrtl4x noiluTuqecxl4x KpyroB Br,rABI{IryJIa Poccil'r (<). Bce[IeM ocraBailcfl u coasauHnrrtPagoit s Hiesf 6--8 auptnn yripalrncniii uaqioHa;rlubli'r HoHrpecc. Ilonrpecc, co6panruifi 4o ?00 4eneratoa, c4'bla:r nepBble ilpaHruqecHie utarlr AiIfl ooyqenotpe6nocTblo opracrn.nenis anronouiu, [prrsHaB ((HeoT.lO?r{Hol"I -VHpallnCrlrxo6nuaaqirO IipaeBOrO cOstra uB npeAcTaButener:i racTefi, ropoAoB, uaqiouatrnocrefi u o6qecrnennux cnoes)). PaAa, TaHI{MO6paaou, cTaJraFionclpyrrpoBaTbo-n,HaK nlfcrnan naqiosanr'Hafl BJIacrb. B uat oua BnepBble xonliperuo ipopmylupoBaJla repeg Bperrreuuuu flpaeureJrbcrBoM cnon rpe6osasis: uptlananie ee HaceJIerpaenoii BJIacrbIo n npegt.nax 12 ry6epuifr c yHpaI'rHcKI4M qt6 ona cqrlTaJra' oqeBI'IAHo,oco6enso BatRIrhIM' -Hieu n, HeMeAJreHHoeAorryqeHie oprauuaaqilr na (ppourb u B rblily oco' f l o r p o u uu a l ' H P a u u t t g t T - 1 9 1 8 . 3
ts3
6Hr yfipatrEcnex noficxoebrx sacreft s cocraulb o6rqepyccxofi apuiu. P5rccxax geuoxparia, fiaK 6ypxryaaua.E, rar( u coqianucu_ qecHafi' B flepBbreutcxqrr peaonnqin or]rocr{JracbcAepffiarrHo, a a'bxoropux naprir BecbMaorprrrlareJrrrroAalne R rrprmqrrtry ruupoxoft naqionamnoft asrououir,rlr oco6enuon MbrcJrrr o {egeparrarnou nepeycrpoftcrs:b Pocciu, r{ Bo BcflKoMc.nyva'b orxJraAbrBaJrn gTor Botrpoc 4o Vupe4ureJrbnaroCo6pania. Oco6enuo prbaHo_orpraqaTeJTLHO n yHpalrHcnr.rurpe60narriflM orHecJrr4cbc caMaro llaqara o6u1e'geuoHparrmecnie u peBoJrroqionurreoprarr'r B caMoMKienrb, so raant noroplrx cro.EJrtr,HpOUt pyocnrix troilurr{qecfinx 4tareaeft, ranme u eBper{,trprrMbrnaroqiex o6qe-pyccfirrMuapriau. Harauynrb coobrBayxparrucfia-ro uaqioxanbrraro xourpecca pynoBoAr{reJrr{xiescxaro cosfra pa60uur II coJr[arcHrrxAerryraroBrr Apyrux o6qe-penouroqioanbrxopraur{Baqift, ua o6'egnnenuouaacfgarriu 4-ro anp:bar, norpe6onaJrr{or ynparurqeB.Ecnaroors*ra no roBoAy (cetraparr.rcrcxr.rxreugexqifi>. Crapuft yHpauncxifi BornAb, npo{. M. Ipyruencxiii, ror,qa BaAairco6paarurucs Bfiaue'areyrrnrrft Botrpoc: .os lrareropfiqecKaorBepr o6suseHies ffienarill orgrbnr.mrcaor Pocciul). Ognano, ror ffe rpotl. M. Ipyureacxifi, troqrrr B ro rfie BpeMfl,rrrrcans raa. (HoBa pagu:
ltenbEofi caEKqiu BcepoccificfiaroyspetrureJrbrraFoco6panin. Tan, ueparrft Bcepocciftcrift c':bs[ Cos;bros pa6ounx s con[arcxtrx netrJrraroB(irour-ircns L9L7r.), pyxonoguurrftc. A. <MeEbrueBI{HaMI{D' rrpfirfln raJreao rrgyrqyn peaolnqiro uo saqiouaJlbuouy Botrpooy' corJracHoxoropoit Bpeueunoe flpanurelrcrno AoJIII$o C{BAarb gexnapaqiro o upraonaninsa rc:buu HapoAaunPocciu rpaBa Ira Ha Ho, <
36
cTpoeHbrMI4pHO rr ubrTaJrr4cb c[eprfiaTb tuoBr.rHr,IcTr{qecfioe BoB6y?ngenie.Brrcryuunruifiua c';[a4tB. BuunnseHnoroBoprrJr ynpauncnr,rM coJrAaraM:<. Vnpauncxie Borngr{,HecMorpflHa pacryqee pacxo}fiAerriec pyccnoft geuonpa_ rieft, 6arnnrorAa oqexb laJrex]r or MtrrcJrr{ nopBarb c Ilerporpagom. B xonq6 uan Paga rocJraJraa llerporpag, x BpenneHrroMy llpanureJrbcrByu Corfry pa6o.rux AeflyraroB, cneqianuryro genyraqiro, so rrarf c B. BznnuqeHr{o,noropafl r o6rulrpnofiaanncH:bosfianoMrrJrapyHorogxrqie rrerporpagcHiexpyrrr co cBorlMnrpe6onanisnnn. Cxpounun AJrffr{crr4nnaroHacrpoeHinyxpauncnnx gtareneft, arrz rpe60nanin yua.nvlrBaJrr4 Aarfie o neo6xogun'locrrat[egeparr4BHarouepeycrpoftcrsaPocciu r{ cBoAr4Jrr{cb qeprax B rJraBHbrx x ueo6xogaMocrrr upuauarlinaa vHpaunoft ruraponofiuaqiouanrnot asroHoMi[ 14<(npoBeAeniR s ,npraHrnrr4ttenir yfiparrnr{eB B oco6am noficxoBbrffqacrrr, ftafi B rbrJry,TaH,tIocxoJrbr(y Mo]r{Ho, rr ua {pourb>. Ho pyccnaff [eMonparin 6r,rua?orAar{erroporoBrreua H arrrM n4efllr, oua erqe cuorp;bna na Vnpallny, HaHHa o6nnuonenHyro qacrb Poccin, ra rpe6onania ynpauucxoft 4eueraqiu 6arru orBe p r H y r L r . gror ruar BbrBBaJr B pffAax yxpar{HcnuxgrbareteftorpoMHoeBoB6yxtgenie. oco6enno crrJrbuopasgpamenie6ar.iroB yxpar{r{cnraxsoftcroBbrx fipyrax. KaH paa fi Drouy BpeMeHr,r PaRoft6rrn Haauaseu nropoft eoftcnonbrftc'tag. SaMt.ras pacryqee cpeAr,rynpar.rHrleB HeAoBoJrbcrno, A. Itepeucnifi, 6rrsudft rorAa BoeHHbrM Mrlur{crpou, aanperr4Jrc'tag. HecnnorpaHa Barrpeqerie, uoc.ntgnift, oguano, cocroflJrcfi(4-ro irona). Vnpalrucxie noxtgran agtcr He AaJrrdpaaroptrrca qyBcrBau BparfiArrrl anrrlBuanoconporrlBnenis. . tr{cropunarofi afioxtr, orrrrcbiBarr nacrpoenie, roctrogcrBoB aBrrre e Ha cttagt, coo6ulaer,uro (BolngflMynpar{Hcxaro geurxeuin trprrruJrocbynorpe6r,rm 6orr,ruis ycra,nir,qro6rr crr.rxifinnrftnporecr rarnts ynpar{HcnarocoJrgaraHe neperxeJrHyrnubrx rpaHrrrl . . . Ha c'fag'b paBAaBaJrrrcb Aarr(e ronoca ea ueo6xoguMocrb uo.unaro r[ rreMeAJrenuafoorg'bnenin 36
ntt cuycra nocut arnx Vxpaunrr or Pocciu>>. . .r). Htcxolrxo co6urifi, orrrcblBafl aac'bflauie PaAnr, B cBtrErI c AofiJIaAoM 6agnn' ureft s Ilerporpa4 ynpauucxoft gen;naqiu, Bzunlrqenxo B ranrrx ptanux anrpaxeuinx xapanrepr4aoBaJlrorAaltrHee rracrpoenie : <[oranylo 6ypno, rITo oga [epeJIIlJIacb uepea npafi lr aaHJran Br,rBBaJr xBarrrJra game l{eurpanr,nyro Pagy. ,{nR vero, saqlbMoHa rrocbIJIaJIa genyraqiro Bbrrrpaur{Barb MuJlocrb y arl{x srbnoat'Iublx BparoB naHe npocr6aMl4, He [eperoBopaMtrr, He gonbgauu ruero napoga? cnpaBegJrr4Bocrr{HaAo rra Hrrx rniRrr, - c HTIMLIHaAo paBroBapr,IBarb nyJraftoM))') . . . Itorga noflyrlr,IJlcfi ornaB Bpenaeuuaro flpanurenrcrna, upenctgareJlb PaArr, npo iF.M. lpyurencxift , cHaaan Ha BceyHpaIrHcHoMceJI.flHcI{oMc'6ag;b: <. <rau, rg:b B IrHoco6oe Tepecax yliparrncnaro grbna aro rroHaAolnrcn, Lr BBoALTJT PaAa, Ifenrpalruas <<Mnr, Vnpal{Hcnat{ {unauconoe o6nomeuie. I'r ceJI roporpalnAaHaM rrpeArrr4cbrsaeM ectM opraHr4BoBarrHbrM AoB r,r ncfru yHparaHcrir{Mo6IrlecrseuHhlMy[paBaM lt yvperqeniau ycrauoBr.rrb c 1-ro cero ircns o6noxeuie nacenenin rloAarblo Ha HapoAHoe gtno>. OgnorpemeHHo c 9rI4M Paga ua6paJla I,IorroJIHI{' relrrunfi opraH - Ienepanrnrrft CeHperapiar, rarpanrnift poJlb ftpae1) I1. Xpucrrcfi, qrtr. coq., r. I, crp. 70. 2) B. Br4EnIrqeHRo, , lla[. s BtE;b,, 1920, r. I, rpe6a a crp,tTt* ( ) .
87
UIlEtrCrepCrBa,xyAa BOruntr5 sneEoB yKpaLrHBOrOyXpAm{CKATO cfioft coqian-Aeuonparuqecnotnaprin (cpegu HIrx ABoenau6onte - B. Busnuqesfto r.rC. Ilerrrcpa), 2 yfipalrHcnuxcoqiannBrrgHbrx n 2 6onte ymtpeuno Eacrpoeurbrx sJIeIla. cra-peBoJrroqiouepa geraapaqir snoBr o6paaoaanuarolenepamuaro Cerperapiara, B ef , B. Bnnnuqemxo,2Tilo r na aac*orlrameurrofiupegcrFgareJleM ganiu Pagrr, roBopr{Jrocb:yxpanncnaff geuonparia . Ilepnnfi Vnraeepcan,Reuamiftcfl rIoBoporHLrMtrylrrrou a 6opr66 ynpaurrropcxux g:bnreneft aa BJracrb,6rrn upoaoaruIallleuc BoaMo?nnoft ctrepBaHa BTopoMsoficxosot'tc':bagt,a garlbMsce,r(ecrBeuuocrbro, napo4rro, na Co$ificxofi nnoqanu, trepe4 rIaMffrHI{r(oMEorgana XM'bnruuqxaro. Bropoft soficxosofi c':b84, co6parmift, conracuo yfipanucnr{M EcroquunoM, 2.300 AeJreraroB, clpeAcraBrrtereft 1.600.000)rnpar{srleB-corrnar(fpoxra rr rbfira), fiBItJIcflrax 6n rofi peanruoft cuJroft, Koropan Aon'fiHa 6nua uogxptnurr rpe6onanin Vnurepcana. C arnMr (farraruu rr Eacrpoeui.aulr na VxpaunE flerporpa4y flpl{xogr{nocb crrurarlcfi. Panrme BceronprrnJlocb B troJlorr(nreJlbrroM cM[ilcnf paspfmurb Bonpoc o rpopunpoaanilr ynpalncnrrx qacrefi e upe4tnax pyccxoft apuin. Bnepnue aro 6uno Aorryqeno, naa aro Hrr Harfiercff crpaurrhrM,caMbrunpaBbru qJIeHoMBpeueuMrru!{crpou A. Iyvxonnna, paapf naro IlpanureJrbcrBa- BoeHrrErM mnBrrrnMB sacrrrou cnynat {opuupoaarie yxpaurcHrx noftcHl). B nosq& auprFrn coJrnarbr-yxparrurlbrcauoqtrHuo o6pasoaanu n Hies$ ynpalrncnifi orpnA, saasannErftraun <, so rrast Horoparo c cauaro Eaqara crar C. flernropa, roroprrft pyr(oBognJr orrrMn o6paaou, lfopurporarisulr. Tannu rryreu 6rrn coa4an- rJraBHbrM caurrur{ connaraMrr- pEA lroB}tx troJrnoB: Ifonn uMenn rerMaEa Ilouy6ouno, floar uueutr lostrr, flonn uuesu Carafigamaro, t) II. Muanroa,
38
flonx nuenu ,{opourenxo n Apyr. sIIineM nig yfipaiucbauu npa' noA ynpar'IscHnx @aroM))' xplrqaJlrl congarrd. nopoM) - <
39
roB padoqrx n conAarcrrrx AerrvraroB (ircHb-ironr 1917r.) n peaornqiu no ynparrucnoMy Boflpocy <, onon:brqa.jrocb B Vunnepcart. leuepa"nsrrrrfi Cenperapiar, no cornaureuiro 3-ro iron;r, flBJrflJrcfiornnrn'b ((HocrITeJreM slrcmeii ripaenofi BJracrrl Bpeueuuaro llpanure;rrcrBa rra lrnparrHt>. O.reur Ba?riHbrMnyHliroM rlB;-rflercfi nprrHr{roe Pa4oft npeA;roxeuie lJpelreHnaro flpaanTeJbcrBa o efl uononsenin [pe4craBr.rreJr.flMr4 rr Apyrux Haponnocreii, ErrrByrrllrx na Vxpalrut (pyccrilrx, eBpeeB u Ap.), B paitnrtpt 309; cocraBa Pagn. Ii"larogapn aroMy, Pa4a go.nmna 6u,rra rrpeBparrrrbcrr tra oprana naqiorra.rbHaro B repprrropia.irr,nr,rii. 9ro riacaercrr yriparrHrraarlitrnoiicx, To corr'r&u€rrie.orneprHyB trJIaH HerleAJer{Haro rxr'rporiaro flepexo:Ia n crrcrenr.breppr,rropiantuaro liotrrrr,rreFiroBaHia. see ranrr irasp'l;uir;-ro (rFio[rnfiexrosauie org6nrHhIX qACTE I"I ITC}IJ IOT]IITC.'Ib]{ O YIiP AI,IHUA[III).
CornaureHie 3-ro irc"tr.qflBrrJrocbMoMeHToMnar,r6onrrnaro c6;urmenis Me?fiAy pocciiicxofi rr ynpar,rucnoii genaonpariert. B cauou pocciiicnou ilpaBr.rreirbcrst aro cornaruerde npr.rBeJroli BHyrpeHneMy liiprlBr'rcy: HeAoBoJrr,HEre vcTyflriaMtr, c46lanHuvr{ yHpar{rla M, Irrrr{rrcrpbr-HaAerhrBbrrrrJrrr nB cocra Ba Bp eneuuaro flpaelrrem crBa. Pocciftcnan 4euoriparin, oAHario, rceq6,ro noAgep?fiaJraaro cor.rraueuie c ltienolr. Ho s rt AHrr paarapa [oJrrrrr{qecnrrx r,r Ha11iol ra;muux crpacreii rr rrlaraniq BJa(.TrrMlrpHbIfl BBalrMoorHornesig Ao.rrro He MorJrlr upoAo.nffiarr,cff. Ftou{;runr aaapta ytrre natcrq cnycrr{. BupaSorannslfi Pagofi <
He 0I{JIOHIIbIMTenepb rloMy IIpaBuTeJrbcTBy, oII 6brfl IIOCJITAIII,IM, BHOBr Bepuofiru ," ytrytrr,", 6larogapa ycr{JII{BIIIeMyCanninnirc upuHyBml{xcfl KaAeroB, orBeprHyr, u rurbcro Hero I{B fletporpa4a r{oropafl aBrycra)' 4+o cJraHa TaH HaBbIBaeMaR<, nr{rrreT oAurl rr3 p;banux [poTI{BHIIItoS u fletporpagou Ornoruerds Me?fiAy r.rnctpyHqin uo cyrqecrnyl). 6ruro' I$esoM crairrr o6ocrpnrrn eule rorAa' Hor4a B ilIanofi PaAt yripaIlHcHaro <>, oeo6elluo rronaaa*a""ot flpaanrenrcrno ynu4tno B aroM {amt npaiiunrO CelapaTI{BMalt AoMOraHinuelre4nenrenrnrrfi CTTMnTOM Aame o naro org;b,;renin or Pocciu, rr B CBflBnc aTIIM SOIOBOpI{J-II{ erapiara' Cexp lenepanrnaro ll ?nHblxpenpecciax ilporI'IB Pagr,r BoBMo Itla llerporp"n" 6utno orAauo pacropnTfieuie Hiencnofi npoxyparypt cn.bgcrnie no [oBoAy sroro ulafa, n flerpoHaqaTb HeMeAJreHHoe .rneHbIlenepalrnaro ceHperarpa4 6rrnlr BbrsBaHbtAilff o6'flcHerdfl piur", a rroKa 6rrno ptrneao npiocranoBl{rb accl{rHoBaHHbleceFiperapiary fipeAllrbl. fle3ro 6rurn, oAHaHo, roJlblto yrposbl' [o paapruna uextgy rporpaAoM n ltiesolt erqe 6nlo AaJIeHo' Hecuorpn na noapocurin resAenqira, r'rger'r o6ulepoccificHaro penontoqiou."rrup"r"ar"ris naro drpoura eqe dr,rnu gocraToqno cIIJIbHbI CpeAII yHpaIIHcHI{x JIIIITIbrlpll 6onruregtsrefiefi. cronriHoseHie II paapbrB BOBHI{KJIIT Brrxax, nocnt oHrn6prcxaro uepeBopoTa. 3ro ctoflltrOnenie opasy naqii>,r'I, crp' 338' t) B' Ur*EuqeitIio, B cnoelt
4L
npunsiro BoopylrieHHbrft rapaKTep n fip]'To noBepHyJrorracrpoenix yrpauuoxur gtnreneft, ptuue Bonpoo o ,rr AaJrbrrre: <<Mn pfuureJrbrro or6pacrrraeu rronbrrxr{ caMoquruaro ocyqecrafierds asroHoMinVHpaunx 4o ncepoccificxaroyqpeAurefibnaro co6panio. Ho s reserie rtra rr4efl sra c4tuata 6ncrprre ycntxu. B auptaf 1917r. Blrtrnllseufioxa aacf4anin contra o6'eAuueuHf,rx o6ulecraennbrxopranrrBaqiftsannuJr,qro (cena.parucrxoeresenie Morrinocqurarb yMepufi,tuD.Htcronrno utcxqen ctrycrfl oH Ear) B. Bnnxr,rqesxo,a cBoefi oneueur, 6ea onpegtreuEofi coqiaarrofi trporpaMxrr.6ea scararo norsrraqecnaro odpaaonania, Eo c rrpnuu raqioralrcruqecxnu TeMtrepaMeEToM, cnytfiuBmnr [u E trporpaLuot, !r raHruxot, E apryuenraMuD. B. Bsnu!q6EHo, rdnr, co!r. r. I, crp. 250.
42
xolr{Jr yffie, qTo aTo ABntr{eEie (HacToirbKo BbrpocJroBa noJITOpa A so utcsqa, qro c lrrrM npllxoglrrcf, Becrl{ cepbmuyro 6opr6p' BpeME o6cymgeuin s Manoft Pag6 noupoca o cyBepexHou yxpallucr(oM yqpeAureilbHoM co6paniu, ror-rxe BnsuuseHHo cHaBaJI: <s). A u;bcnolrxo u:bcrqea crycrff' n gera6pf, aar-(pbrBanBocbMyro ceceirc Pagr,r, ilpo(b. M. Ipyruercrdfi yxe BaflBIIJI: <<Mrr 6rrnu crporLIMII {egepanuctaMlr' uo yc'norir cA:blaln ran, qro Mbr craJrl{ cauocriiilloii, HeBaBI{cIlIMoiipecuy6lsnoft>' < l{t 26, or 2l [eli' 1917, cr. H.Cupxaua-
4&
noarrrlin B paap+ilrenin yxparaucxaro Bonpoca (nax u Ha4ioRanrnoreppuropiaJrbuaro noo6rqe) n rniln Aafibrue MaxcrdMaJrbnrrxrpe6osauift calirofi Pa4rr n ror nepiog. tr{cxo4n HB cauaro paAr,rnaJrbHaro ronxoeaHis npaBa Harliu Ha caMoorrpegtnenie, 6ofiruresranrr, Hanpnu'bp, Ha rrepBoMncepocciftcnou c'6agt Costroe ocyArrJrrrnoJrnrury Bperuenuaro flpanrlremcrBa [porr4B VHpalrnrr, ((KaH Kor{rppeno,lrcqiouHyro n aHrr.r-[eMo!(parr4qnyrc), rr flpeA"-roxrr.rJrr{ npuBuarb Ba Vxpaltroii npaBo Ha noJruyro rocynapcrBeHHyro HeBaBr{cr4Mocrbu ua orqtnenie. 9ro era uoauqin 6nrna roffino rafiTrlq€cnr{MllraroM, Br/rAHoraanoneAenin 6onruresr,rxon s lties'b, rIt oxu nenlr 6opr,6y c yfipar,rucrir{MABrrxreHieu,o6suHNs Pagy r.r yfipar{HcHr,rxg:brre.neit a >. A xan roJrbxo oHr{ craJrr,ry BJracrr4,To HeMeAJrenHo ptaHo croJrnnyJrr,rcbc pynoBoAflnlrrMr{opranaMrr yHpanncxoft anronouira. Ognu raajrrrAepoByxparrncnofi c.-A., lil.'fHa.reHHo, cr{aaaJrua aactganir Idenrpanrnofi pa4rr B nepBbre gnn o6ocrpeuia xon{nrrHTa c 6otrruennHaura: <<,[enRrr lrtcnqer Mrr costrlbcrHo c 6onrrnewrHaulr 6oponzcr nporlrn HepeHcr{aro lr 6ypnryaeiu, a renepb Mbr Aorrrirr,r4o roftnrr. gro nre cnywurocr?>> B r.B-me guu (uauano gexa6px) Blrnnr.rseurior Ma;roi,l Pa4t cHaaan: <>1). ItoH{nnxr naaptra.n rresexie rcero noa6prr, a H geHa6proCostr Hapo4nrrx }tomlrccapon o6parn.rcn x Pagt c yJrbrr4MarnrHoi,inorofi. B aroii sort 6onruresr,rnr{,rpaBAa, r,ran:brqanr,r, qro (([pr.raHaror VHpalrncH-vro Hapoqnym Pecny6.rurny Ir efl rrpaBo na no.rnoe orgtJ-reldeor Poccir,r>>, no nufcrt c rtm o6'snunu Pagt <, AaB cpoli n 48 qacos. Oopnranrurrs o6nlrreni.s, npeg'RnnenHLrf B yJrbrrrMaryMt, cno4r.rnncb n roMy, uro paga ((Aeaopranrrsyer {poHr, orabrBaff cnor.rsoftcHa)),trro oHa o6eaopyxrrrJraB ttiee:b nepeme4uria Ha cropony 6onrureeuHon softcnosbrfl qacrr4 (ro npeMfl croJrnnoseui.Ec noficHaun Bpelrennaro llpanure.nrcrna), lr rrarHoe, qro oua nprraHana ,{oucxyro lr Fliy6ancHyroo6nacru, o6'Rrr4Bruis ce6s HeBaBr{criMrrur,r,,r nporycrrurJra lrgyrqix c {poura 4oucnia u xy6ancxifl qacrlr, Ho B ro ?fie BpeMff ornaaaJracb rrpoilycrrrrb costrcHis eoficHa na .{on AJrff [oAaBjreniq aaronopa, uoAuffTaro r ) I I . X p l r c r r o r i r r l n r . c o q . ,r . I I , c r p . ? 2 . - 8 3 .
44
Ha yJlbrlilmaryu Paga B csoem otstrt araMauo[r ltaneglrunu. Ha cBoe [paBo ueftrpanratera I,r Ha ro, qro <> ue rru:her rpaBa slrlburrnarlcs n ea 4tua. , c}iaBaJIBuHuu.IeHHo e Manofl Pag'b. Bcn:bR Ba strrM Ir Haqancr{ uoxoA 6ofirrrteerrtoB Ha Vxpauny u aapunanie yHpaI{Hcxof{ BJracrr{ r4BHyrpI{ s canofi ctpaut. Pa6otanurie na Vnpalrulb 6onrruesnHn uorpe6onaJllr coBhIBac':baga couttoe, ua4'fncl 'repes coslbrrr BaxBaTIITLBnacrb. B uepnrrx ql{cilax peHa6px cocrosJlcrl s lfiee* eror nepBbrii Bce-vxpaltrcnift c"bag ConfroB HpecrbflHcliinx, ooirAarcr{rlx rr pa60vux AerIYTaroB, oHaeaeuriiictl oqeHb Ho rrB 2500 generaroe 6o.tIlmeBrIHoBol{a3aJlocb MHOrOqUCJreHHbrM, ecero 60 .{enos:brt. > Eonr,ruenr.rHaMHe AaBaJIII roBopl{Tb, -IrI4IrJer oI{ AaJrbilre,- a yrpoBa eoiiHrr ilpornB Pagrr co cropoHbl Cos'bra Ha6ypro BoaMyil{ellifl1). poAubrx l(orulrccapon BLIBBaira nactonqyn Eour'nrenuHlr org:bnlr,rucb rorAa tr coBBaJII{n Xaprxoa;h org'[nlnuit Bceyxpar,rHcHii:rc'6ag Contron, rn6pa;rra ceofi tr'{cuonnnrenssrrii ltolrlrrer - opralr coe;brcnoft BJIacru ua Vxpatlnib, o6'aennr'r Ideurpanrnyro Pagy pacnyqeHlroii u cra.Tu{ aKrrIBHo noMorarb eofiHt nporrrB Pagr'r. Eonrureeuxu c ctnepa aBToMarIIqecKIrrlor.flHyirllcb Ha Ior AJIfl BaxBara BJIacrIt. 0ror uonrenr cr,Irpa.rlpfnraroulylo poilb B rlepePaa;rus 6o;mureeuaua nout uactpoeuin yripal4Hcr(I{x qtnreneii. rpoal{Jr BaxBarrlrt, n VHpauHy, u onr'r p:burur-ur,orA:Lil},Ho or pyccnoii geuoHparilr, onorlarbcfl Ira cBoeii repplltopiu, BbIcraBIlB u rugf nJrorrrnbr lrlerc noJrHoii uaqionanr'nofi caMocroflTeJlbuocrl{ I{ aKT paopbrBa c Poccief,i. Onu c.rlrranl{, qro onrn6prcnlrM llepeBoporou u nor egeuieu <
rg.tr. cotr , r. II, ctp. 69 R ganaure.
46
6nsmefi pocciftcxofi llunepiu (Ocroxin, Jlaraia, Jlurna, Ipyain r [p.). Ilepeufi raxofi ounr 6nn cgrbnanVnparaucnofiPagofi. Tperifi Vnranepcan,o6napogonauunft9-ro uoa6px, (fanruuecxu {opuyrlrpoBan pactraA Pocciu: .ConepureuHo unaqegryqan ylxe qerBeprrrft Vanrepcan, o6napogonannnft11-ro aunaps 1918r., r. e. r paarap;b aoftnr,rc 6onrmesuna!{u, naxanyn:b aaxBara rrMlr ftiesa. Sgtcr yxte rporJraurrpoBancflnonunii u onoHqarerurrfi paaprrec Poccieft. <).Vxpanna HaxoAr{Jracb B otracuocru, fiaK c ctaepa, co cTopoHbrOonsruesaxoB,TaK u c aauaAa,rAf pyccxo-n'fueqnin ([pour croflJr o6uaxennrru. Eguxcrnenunft srrxoA I{e noroxenin yxpaHucniegrbnre.nuysptan s aHrlForgt.uenin. 9erneprr,lfi ltlrunepcar AonlKeH 6rrn, no fix MbIcJrr{,yxprbulrtl crrny Buyrpeusefi naqionanurofi conpornBJrfleuocrur c gpyroft __ paBnfiBarbpyrtll croponbr,- sr6 olru cquraru oco6enuoBarftHbru Afis Haqanaceraparnbrx reperoBopor o uupt c lepuaniefi. Htgroro aHta, cKoJIbKonfr cnycrn oARHrrs rJraBHLrx BAoxxoBrrreneft B. BnnHu.reHlio,[rrcaJr o6 arou Vnueepcant rorga, fiorAa oE yx{e OTKpbrTo cqrlrTaJl ce6n xouu;tHrrcroM:<
npr{cJrantrcBorrx oif{uqianrurlx lrpeAcrasfirereft npu VHpallucHofi Hapognofi Pecuy6auHtrl). fleproxauanrno 6onrnreBl{xnse au6.nu ycntxa B cBoeMrroxogrFna Vnparany. Ho, xax Bcerga,onr 6onrrue gtftcrnonaml nenpLrBbIBaMI{ o6ncaiino auepruvHofi arraraqieit rr BalKIIrareJIE,IIbrMH n 6ynry, [yrIeEHbIMI{ B pflAbr npaxge6noft cropolrbr, vfu upie6poxerdeu u MaMr{BoeHnoft crpareriu. Onra socuoJIbBoBaJII{cb ua Vxpann:E,u nrttan?Icbpacxonorb anapxiefi, rocrrogcrBoBasureft npafi rpax4aucxoft noftnoft. 3rn uonrrrnl{ oxaaaJlrrcbAnfi EI{x oqeHb yAasHbrur4. I{4eu 6otrmeBIIBMa,B ero rorAaurneit uepuocrraxifinaro paapynrexin v npuulrrunnofi naqalrnofi {opu6 <encnpoupiaqiu>, xpacuoft nyraqeBrrlnrrbrv. xnaccosoii Mecrrl, na Vnpaunf vpeanarvaftuo6naronpiaruvn rroqBy HaruJrrrr4MeHHo y ylipaurrcKaro fipecrbflHrrHan coJlIara rly6oxift cr6g rr ocraBlrirr.r HaAoJrro. C upo4nuxesieu 6onuueBr{KoBIt HIIM [epexoArrr ry6epuin aa ry6epuiefi,- cuasaaa Xaprxoncfiaa, aattm EHateplrHocnaBcxan,flonrascfiatr, a ft cpe4uu;b,{IiBapff 1918r. oHI{ yffie crorrJrny Bopor Hiena, cepAIIaVxpaunr,r. Halr6o;rte aaMtsaremRrrMssreHieMtrpH arou 6uto ro, qro tofi pealrnoft clilu, ua fioropyrc Paga onupa;racr, pibmrlBlrrrlcbtrpoBoailIaclrrbcBoI{ MaEI{(ynueepca.rrr), teuepr y Eefl rroqrlr He {ecrrr o HeBaBrrcr{Mocrl{ or(aBaJrocb. Kan roJIbHoHaqaracbsofiHac 6omuresunauu,noftcxa Pagrr r rltrou pxgf utcr nepexoAsr ua lrx cropony. Tan, nanprrutp, [epexoA IroJIHarIMeIrI.IOpluna r Enarepunocnae;b a B ltierf ua ux cropony neptruun rau no66gy 6o;rrmesr.IxoB, [oJIn uueuu rerMalra Aopoyxparucxie [oJIHn pemnr{ ayrmie rrrennr{, rroJrx r{MeHnCarafi4avlraro u Aatne [epBnfi ynpanucniii qacrb 6onrurenoirx trMeHrrEorgana Xrt'bmnnqnarot). <, run. II, 1918 (tties), rIoA peg. B, Illy"rrrnna, cr.
47
roJIy6LIMt! SHaMeHaMI,IE yHparIHcKIIMI4 n:bcHffMI,I, ttoTopble ralt SByIIHOKpUqaJItr (cJIaBy> yltpal{Hcltoft BJIacrI{, - BoT aIII-To troJII{U qepea Hafinx Hrr6yAb n'bcHonrxo negtur HerroHsrrIEIM[yreM cIIepBa TepflJrlr BCrocBolo ctofittoctl, gar:Bn'IBnaAaJIrIn anarirc, n < . . .1). OuucbrBaflnacrpoenie PaAnr n gnu uprr6nuineHis 6omrueauxon r ltieny, oqeBr.rAer{atnx co6rrriit nlrurer: <2). 316or Mbr BrIepBbIenctptuaeucfi c flBJreHiem,crour xapanrepHbrM AJrn linpanHu: uaranieu yHpalnrcnor:i AepeBHI{ lr e.E BbIxonqeB - coJrAar, naprr{Barr, rroBcraHIIeB- or oAHofi sracru H Apyrofi, ot naqiouansuaro 6ouuueBuBMa n 6onlurenuaNly coqraJrbnoMy rr o6paruo, n cocrogrdu crnxiftnaro 6yurapcrna. C errau snlenienn lrrr rroBlfte He pao ncrpbrumcn. Oiro cbrrpaJlo ponoBylo poJII) a paannrt rpalr{Aancnofi sofiHbr ra naqionanbHblx croJlltHoseuifi Ha Vnpalrn'b, rrcronlr Koropafo MLI xorl{M a4tct npocn'bqlrrl. r) B. Bl,rnuuqerl(o, r. II, crp. 156. 2) , or 17 aurapa 1918 r. !,nx xapaxtepllcrlrl{fi roro' KaI( soodqe paedtranlrcr rorAa coJrparn, I{Hrepecfio yrtaaanie yxpal{Ecl{aro MIr' Hrrcrpa lloprua s Manofi Paqt 3 flHBaps 1918r., xor4a o6cyrngancf Bonpoc o peopraulreaqinapuiu, qro or ntnotopttx FiopnycoB ocraJlocbBceto rro... 70 .reilostg r{ qro Bce BoeHHoelliryltlecrBo pacxllqaerca conAaraull rlplr canoqrrrrgofi Aelro6nnlteaqifl.
48
II. Beasracrie. Pagsafl pyccHofi apuill. Calroqelro6lrrueaqin. - Axapxia na (pponrt n ua lr:bctax. - Ilpuxaa r{oMarrAyrlqaro ro.-a.(pponrorr.-flepane Banpocrrr Paqt o norpoMax.Maccosbrearicqecclr n npll(pponroutrx ry6epniax. - finlr nplrapox u 6aaapoB.- Congarcxie rr <
rrrlft6a,
a BarrbM Boopyx{euHafi
6opb6a
Me}r(Ay
Ifienou u flerporpaAoM ycrrJrrrJrr,raHapxirc rra Mlbcrax r{ noBeJrrr K geoennacrirc, a qailIe Bcero ft noJrHoMy 6easfiacrrrc. Orcyrcrnie-xe
BJracrlr 6rmo r6m 6yaronou, B xoropoM paeBr{Jrcflnorpounr,rft MEHpo6.Itorga n non6pt I9L7 r. n ltauen6, I$escnoft ry6., nporaaorneJrtrorpoM, rr npoKvpop oKpyrr{HofocyAa ptruun trporrBBecrrr cyAebnoepaacJrfAoBanie, ou r negoyutnir{ ocrauoBr.rJrcrr repeA orcyrcraieu BJracrr/r Ha M;bcrax.B o{{uqianbnoM o6paqenir,rn nlrqecexperaprono eBpeficnr.rM o raxoM paacn.bgoAtilaM, fipocr,rBmeMy Bariu, rponypop rr,rcadr:<>r). Han6onte HpynHyro poJrr B rroJrnrfiqecxoft geaopranuaaqiu crpanr;r n ror nepio4 cbrrparr naracrpo(fusecHift paaBaJr pyccnoft apuilr. Ha 4ouro VHpannrr Bo BpeMfl uiponofi noftnr,r flpr{rxJrr4cb 1 ) A p x u n M n n u c r € p c r B a r r o e B p e f t c f i E M g t t a r u ( 1 9 1 7 - 1 9 1 8r . ) , orsonenie rpoxypopa 9epxaccHaro ofipy*ruoro cy[a H nlrqe-cexperapiary no erpellcxnu g;buau, or 20-ro Hoa6pa 1917r,, ga N! 3645.
florpouu ua Vxpalrrrt{9r 7 --1918. 4
49
ABa Batlurbrx {ponra - roro-Baua4nrrft s pyurrucxift. Jltrou t9t7 r. rearp BoeHnux gtftcrnifi uepegnuHyncnnrry6b crpanbros 6brr nepeueceuraalannqiu s Bonuucxyrc u llogoJrbcnyrory6epniu. C aroro MoMeHra,nocu6 nopaxeuin npr Taprionolrb atrolr 1917r., neo6rrsaftuoycnnrrsaercffpaBBaJr apuilr, uoerexruift aa co6orc croJrb cepbeanbrrrfloJrur[qecnin nocntgcrnia. Arraraqir <6omuresr,roMat, B ero nepBouasausuoft[pr{Mr{rraBr{ofirpopru6,g6ycutxu. Cueprenrao ycranbrer{ o[unaer cpeAu congar orpoMnr,re sasflrie or aofiubr, coJrgarrrcaMoBoJrbuo 6pocaror ![ponr. Boanuyxog B Raer caMoqrruuafrgeuo6r.ruusaqin,ornpnrroe AeaeprrrpcrBo, rbrJr. IIo nyru conAarbrrpoMffr nolrbcrrn ra Mbcresxu. Paarpou rr cHJraAoB BurrrrbrxBaBoAoB rrpunrrMaeruacconr,rftxapanTep. Cruxir 6ynra u ecrecrBenuaro nporecra BpeMeHaMrrBbrpoffi[aercff B ubtrHbrenorpoubr,r guxia as:bpcrea,nogo6Hor:bu, xania orcrynaxlrrlafl rra laruqiu pyccnafi apuin yquur.{flaa Tapnonott raKanyqt. Pasrpourangrl.rropoga, coJrAarbrcraJrrdrpa6nrs, HacrrJroBarb n y6uBarb, trpu aro![ flocrpagaJrorJraBHbrM oOpaaou enpeficxoenaceneuie. Itoanangyroqift apuieft rro cfiytraIo arux 6eaquncrBrrucaJr:
irl
(cauorounofi'. Cenrcnas (ga u ropo4cnan) uuuuqin 6rrta rnoxo opraHr4BoBarra, Hr{r(Toee Ee yBaHaJr,He 6osrcn eff . . . Cyg ue s ce66 lpynxqionnporan. Hapog r{cr{aJrBbrxo[au crpaBeAJrnBocrrd caMoM. flourna snugeruis caMocyAoB).tr{ nanoseq: <r). Ha c'rbag'bry6epncxux u ytagnrrx r(oMr{ccapoB artosoruuoftVHparanrr,rponcxoAr{BrrreM B na.ran'bceuta6pa L9l7r. ry6eprdt 6una gaua Kaprr{Ha n [tien:F, sc6Mu rpeAcraBr.{reJrrrMn coodqnn nonuoft auapxiu r xpa6. ,coo6rqnJl noMrrccapBounnlr. O nacnniflx, qrrurrMbrxcouAaraurrororynaroqefi c lppoHra pyccxoft apuilr, coo6rqan raxrr(e n KoMnccap Ilogoniu2). Begsuncrsa coJrAarBr,raBaJrrr cneqiamnnft upuxae fioMaHAyloqaro rcro-BanaAHbrM or t-ro oxra6pa 1917r., B KoropoM {poHrou, IITo < or 10-ro oxra6pa 191?r., npRKaBor 1-ro oxrn6pa ili 1021. sa
4'
bI
oHrrrBopnr arrr yffiacbr MrbcrHocrr,rrMeHyrorce6fl (6onbmeBufiaMr{0, - Bor rr ycrrJruBaroranapxirc, <0ro rre salre, MbrHe yKpar{HqED, qro rrMrr pyxorogr.rt>r). tr{a gpyroro ufcra Riescxoft ry6epnin Hparxo coo6qarcr: <<Bu. Xa6no paarpa6nesoraufnie nourbqraxal ctrupr pacxrrulaercfl; trbflHbrff6angu reppopl{al4pyIornacereuie. Enpeftcxift norpoM neua6txen, roMorqn Hrrorxygaufr>2). Hecuorpn Ha axrrrBuoeyvacrie coJr4arB grrrx axcrleccax, aro lrorpoMhr,- Toro,nanpru'bp, Tlrrra,Har{Itne 6unu lrlrcro BoeHHbIe pyccxas apuin c I{oHIIa 1914 r. a llourmlb u Mr{ trpocJraBl{Jracb lanuqilr, lr n iron;F-onra6pf 1915 r. e lpo4neucxoft, RoreucHoit, Bnuencxoft,MrancxoftraBornscnoft ry6., r. e. ro ncefi npu$ponrogoft no.nocrb. Teneps Hap.flAyc coJrgaroM Bbrcryflaet gpyrofi yqacrnr.rnrlorpoMa,eABaJrrrtre caMblftanrunubrfi,- KpecrbflHrrH. o6paaompyccxit coJr4ar,6rrn arenrenroMrrocroCor4ar, rJraBHbrM [onyAa poHHrrMr xpa'b, [prrIIrJreI{oM,on AfftcrBoBaJIHaJreraMtrr, AJrr{Jrcfluepiog pyccno-utueqnaro {ponra a AeMo6lrnlrsaqin. ato 6uu MtcrnuM, crapoAaBHI4M, I(pecrraHraH-nre6un aJreMeuroM npecrbflHr{Hynpalrucnifi, r{ ero sosneseHieB florpoMHblftxpyr 6onte rrocroflHHbrM u BHaqnrefibno6orte yrpoffialoqlru. onaaaJrocb Ocrpoe 6pomenie,oxBarrrBrrree AepeBurouocnrbpenorrcqilru uMteuree rny6oxin coqia,nrnrr.s oorosardff, BhrJrI{JIocrn (foprrly paBpySaxsar nou'FrulrreJrbHaro6ynra 6omnre Bcero Ha Vxpalrnt. y6iitcrna nta4;blrra paaopenierr noAfirorraufnift rquqbux BeMeJrb, (([pfiqer qen, ano6a H ropoAy, noropuft roBapbl))rI suqero He Aaer gepeen6,- qnilerds 6or6e xapanlepHbrfl[JIa ynparrlrcHofi gepeBurr,ufn.t gna scRnoft gpyroft. Cruxis coqiansnaro 6yHra, pasrfir{raeuaflrpau{AaacnoftsoftHoii,HaqnuaerBblpo?rqarbcsB cruxiro anruenpeftcxaro trorpolra. B HapocraloqeMuorpoMuou gnurxeniu ropoAcxoe ufrqaxcrao, noropoe B rrepBbrentcHonrHo lt'Ecnqen poJlb,cnopo orxoAl4r nocrf pero,nroqiur{rpaJrorrepBencrBylouivro na aaftrifi rraH. 28-ro uoa6ps. L9L7r. n Maryrc Pagy 6un BHeceHor uuenu cionracrcHori{paxqiu I. IllexruanoM rrepBbrft aanpoc o norpoMHblx 1) Apxun MrrrrtrcrepcrBa rro erpeftcrlru gtlrau, c o o 6 r q e s i eo r eBpeficfiaro o6qecrsa ur,CyAuunora, Bonnucx. ry6., or 13-ro gera6pa 1917r.
(nxos. Ni 293). z ) T a n - x r e , T e J r e r p a M lra M aXa6ao, ot 10-ro gexa6pa 1917 r. (nxog. Ni 243).
62
aftcrleccax. Fonrure s:bu ot 30 nynxron flogonrcxofi, Bonrmcnofi u ftiescxoft ry6.,-ror oplrJlocb n aanpoc6,- nofl yqeHbl TeJIerpaMMLr o ilorpoMax. <. 19-ro geHa6pn LQLTr. n Pagy 6uulr nropl{suo BneceubrABa 3atrpoca o uorpoMax: or I4MeHI{cionucrcnoft {panqiu H. Cnpxnurru qro rr or r{MeHrr<> [. Jluueqou, B noropblx yxaablBaJlocb, (GoJrHarrorpoMoB ua Vnpaunt ue rofirHo He crra1aer, Ho Bce Boa' pacTaer>. BHocusruie Banpoc roBopIrJII4 s HtcHorrHo clrJlbHblx Bblpamenisx o <<norpolrrofi nomrib>; B ro BpeM.aMorJIa 6urr pfvr He o [orpoMax B rurrponoilI currcn:b, a roJlbr{o o6 ux ga'Iarosnoii tpopmf - ancrleccax, 6eavuuctrax, rpa6errax, colpoBoln4aeMblx Jrrrllrb B 6onte ptgxux cflyqaffx qeroslbsecxlrMl,r meprBaMu. firn xapaxreplrcrr{r(r{ roro, HaH fipeyBerusenno enpeficHie gfarenu rpeAcraBJrflJrrr rorAa paaMtp norpolrHaro ABIIIt(euiR, upranegeu cntgyrcurie {anrn: npeAcraBltre;rl <<Eyutri-'), B ceA.Jlrrneq, BaffBITJI q r o ( ( B a r o J l b r ( o g e H a 6 p n f l o r y qeHo oAIIH e PaA6, peglru6 [enb 21.4 reaerpaMM o 6cacrrHcreaxB rpex ry6eprinx VHpaunro>. . . He Meute rrpeyBerLIqeHHbrM 6r,rno gaqsneuie [peAcraBInreJIff ciosr,rcrcnofi {paxqiu, H. Cnpxraua, Bo BpeMfi Broporo Banpoca n Ma.:rofi Pagt 19 4eHa6pn L9l7 v, qro ((rorpoMbl IrcqucJlfiIorcfl yx{e e}fieErreBHo He AecfiTI{aMIr, a corlrfiMI{,)1). Orgtnrnr,re ancrleccbr flpor4cxoAllJrlr yxe B [epBLre utcnqrr peno,lnqin, Ho oHrr HocnJrrr, HaH rIbI nu4:bllr, cnyvafinnrit xapanTep n 6i,rnra ebrssauLr arrrrallieii utcrrrux qepuocoreuHblx oJreaBrycra s VMaHu npouBoIIIJIIr6eauoprgnu ua nosslb yr"rr1'{-ro 1) Crona Jlnneqacu. Ne80, tgtT r., a CupHlrua- so 2-fi qacrn Hacrofiulell riHlrnr -
II fofiy.\reuTblD.
oo
B ltolopbrx npl{HflJra yqacrie ropoAcRat roJIIra I{ EOpOrOBrrBHbr, B rpaHlioaHbrft noTopbre, no cJIoBaMraBeT, <eABa He BbIJTIIJII{Cb prg rlorpoMHr;Ix anclleccoB norpoM>l). Ho cucreuatflsecfiift HaquHaercfi co cpeAI{HbI cenrn6px 1917 r. Ilepnne ntcxonrno M;bcqqen axcqeccbr HocflT xapanTep conAarcltux il <, - qro vtu xyxe 6yaer upogoBoJlr'crBeHuoer'r noo6ule axoHoMrlqecnoe floJlofitenie crpanu, r;[u 'raqe u onacnfe 6yuyr tanie ancqeccrr. 3ro oilacuocrb, noropofi HaIo cMorp'brr npnMo B rJraaa r.r H rioropofi nago 6rrrr rorosuwa). flpu6lr'IaureJrbHo B a?o BpeMfl s ltiesf nafigenr,r 6urnn auruceultrcxis nporuauaqin, IIo noropbrM gcno 6rrno BI4AHo,qro MoHapxrrcrbrroroBsrcfl K norporrry: >3) Han enpeftcxuu Eacenenier'{ Vnpannrr yxie qepea troJlro[a uocr6 penorroqiu u yparuenifl B npaBax HaBrrcJIa ra cnequQlrqecnaff aruoc{epa florpoMHlrx orpaxoB LI TpeBor, Horopafl qacro xyme caMoro rpa6exa ll ancqecca. B ntxoropblx nyHl{rax rlorpouHbre ancqeccbl roro nepioga npr.IHnJIII AoBoJIbIro cepbeBHblfl i[opmu nacr.r.nift, conpoBo?fiAaBruuxcs Aa]He qeroB;FsecnrtMl'I ffi eprsaMn. B Oorpor6, Borrntcxoft ry6., rorpoM, trpouclxeAruift30 cesra6pa, 6un yvunen pacrBaprlrpoBalrHblM raru 266 troJrnoM. Bct enpeficxie AoMa Ir JIaBKII 6unra paarpa6aennr, x;Lnoroprre coxt?fieubl, slbcnomxo enpeftcxux xuretefi 6rrao upu erou y6nro, n:bcxolrxo r1 <Paecr;brr>, J\! 9, ot 6 cesr. 1917. r1 G.Iaie Zait>, Jl{i9, or 15 cenr.1917r., cr.
64
parreno: paBrpouy tro[Beprcfl ropog roo6nler). Cepreanrrn ArIfi roro lloAonrcxofi ry6.,r4t BpeMesu co6rrris npoueoluJm n s fIl{nont, Marpoca, IIonoA IrpeABoAr'rTeJibcrBoM TOJrrracoJIAaTrr fipecrbfiH, AolnrJra 6-ro nor6pn erpeficnie AoMa' paarpa6una ux n y6una 4 enpeee. O6paulancr 3a rloMolqblo It HoMaHAyIoqeMysoilcxaufi Kieecnaro oxpyra, Bnqe-cexperapi.ar uo eapeficxr'r*r g;bnau coo6qaer o uoryuenuoft c urbcra re;rerpauu6:
ocraHoBr{Tb r.rx. . . MI,II,crptr'If B BoBAyxu HeAaBasnocTopoHHr{M Tonapnr 6r,rnu eblseBeHbrHpecrbflHaMrr,cttxasnmiullofl rra carxx [brraor,rBoKpecTHbrxAepeBeHu. ogun ua espeficHrlx}r{r{TeJrefi, urifics nou;burarr rpa6exy, 6nr y6lrt1). Ilourrutrn paarponaa 6rrnu cgtnaurr ra n coctgnrax m:bcreqnax,B Hopuucnt, Cnosequo u Apyr. B )Ita6onpuv:[, Bonnncnoftry6., rorua KpecrbffHHarraJra MHorI{xpaulrJrarr orpa22 onrnSpn Ha eBpeeB,craJrar{x raa6raaatr, 6ura Mrbcresxo. B CHnup6, I(iencxoft ry6., roaua corAar yrrrrHr{fiaBo BpeMflfipMapfirr23 oxrn6pn rorpoM. B Cnrupy srillbax{ara rocnrb aroro r{B }tiesa cneqiaurnaa crtgcrneHuarr lroMrlcciff,noMar{ArrpoBaHnar leuepaJrbulrMCeHperapiatoM,c JruacriemnpegcraBr4reJrfieBpeftcnaroBl{qe-cexperapiara. IlocrtRnifi B cBoeM or.rerB gan crrLgyroqyn Haprr.try co6urifi: <
TgtfieJlblg uOpanenin,
a 4-nerxis>.
cosMtcruo c nponyparypoft npouaBeJra Vnounuyras Honr*tcciq Aoasauie u apecroBaJraMrrorux yvacuurHon.z) Ilorpom c qenoalbqecr{r4Mrr Tafi}fies l\{onacru?fieprBaMr,r 6rrn yuuneu coJrAaraMr{ pnq6, ItiencHoftry6., rgrbL9 uon6pn 6uno y6nro 3 enpex. Ceprearrpor{BorrrJrrr HbreAJrsroro BpeMeHrr axcr{ecchr u a Egunq;b, flogonrcxoft ry6., 146 c nonqa uon6pa, s resenie HeglbJrr{, cor4arrr nurbpaorpoMr,rJrrr ect crlb c urbcrnrrur.r<(Kaqarraun)) erpeftcnir nasnu, co?firJrr/r MHoro enpeftcnux AoMoBra gtcxo.nrfirax .{enos6x paHr.rJrr.r. Ilpr.r6unurifi sapffA coJrAarycMr.rprrrrnorpou3). He rcngy, o4sano, 6eaquucrea [porrrB eBpeeB corrpoBo]r{fi(eprBaMlr. O6HsIio aftcl{eccbrBhrpa?KaJrr.rcb laJrrrcb qeroBabsecnrrMr{ 1 ) A p x u n M r { E r r c r e p c r B a n o e B p e i t c f i r r M g : F n a n r( 1 9 1 7 - { 9 1 8 r . ) , goneceaie oqeBr.rAqalra Orpyua or 17 gesa6ps 1917 r., BxoA. J{! 483. 3) or 28 oHrn6pr 1917 r. Cu. tanxe apxnn enpeficfiaro MrrrrtrcrepcTBa. 8) (Hiencr.rag.), J\i 20, or 11 ger. 1917r. ot)
B rranageairrEa eBpeftcxiRvrasxfi Ir AoMa,paarpa6neninux, rruorAa a ua6ieHisx. Ho serlsMtuno, so sctx cryqasx, IraA eBpefiMlrEaBHcaJraaruocr[epa florpoMlrrrx yrpoB Ir crpax nacranifi,- Aarr{e Ha uoporf Hpononponurir. Ora rau, rA;b florpoM ocraHaBJILrBaJIcr pucyercf ro nc6x couacrpoenift [orpoMHbrx TurturrHaffftaprrrga qtnufi prA rrorpoMo6qeuiax c urbcr. Corracno aruu noc.ntAHI{M, Hbrx Blrcrynnenifi, c o4nofi croporbr, I{ rrorpoMlrblxcrpaxoB- c gpyroft cBffBaHbr c AHeM .apMapftI{, rrJII{ c 6aaapurruu AH.EMII, r{orAa ctrbBxarorcfi ToJrnbr oKpecTEbIx r(pecTbflIr, cfionJIRIoTcfl coJrAarbr,n cruxiq paBryJrau ano6brpaBpan(aercaenpeficxuu norpoMou. Csnsr MerfiAyKpecrbsscfiofi apuapnot, lrnorAa B coeAlru erpeiicnlrM [orpoMoM- flBJre' rrpaBAHIrnoM, neniu c xpaMoBbrM IrcropfiqecnoftVnpar,rnt eqe co BpeMerr uie crapoe, cBoficrBeHnoe rrorpoMulrxBBpbrBoB npu Xu:bnrnl{qr(ou u raiigalraHax. TaH 6rtno, nanpramrbp,B BuaMenarenrnrrft Aelib ((ocBnlqeninuoffieft) s 9urnero puu;b, ftorga )I(entassx [oAHtrJIraftpamaqrift 6ynr IiI BaKoHqLrfi Vnranrcxoit ptaneft. Kan rorga, TaH Ir retrepb, ora qepra xapanTepna roJrbxo AJrs rrepBaronepioga florpoMnaro4rutterdR, KorAa norpoM erqelrrrtrernnrbmsmo roJlqr{a,rlogxonfiqaro crlruyJra, RorAa on cnoco6en poArrrbcff roJrblto B rlbrltoM fipMapoqnoMpaaryl6. <<6-roxos6pq, n AeHb ffpMapnl{, r M:bcresfio ltauenHy I{B or{pecrubrxceJr craJra npra6rrsatr Macca HapoAy,cpeAlt l{oropblx coo6nlaer HaqailbHlrn 6nrno unoro coJrAarr,rJIIrq nonoBpLrTeJIbEbIxD, mlnnqilr ry6epucHouyKoMrlccapy.Tonna ocaArrJlatrprrcyrcrBoBaBlrryn uunraqirc u craJla rlpucryllarb K paBrpoMy nanox; 6rrrlr 6poueurr rrB roJItrlI rpoMLrJIn unnuqirc 8 pyvnrrx 6ona6,unnuqiu uprrruJrocbgame crptJl.srb B ronny 6oesbrlt{unarpouaMlr' B pe2 y6utux u 7 panexrrxl). aynrrarF co cropouhl rpoMIrJIonaBaJlocb Erpeftcxie npeAcraBr,rreJllr AoHocflTLIB M. Kotenrult, BovrrrncHoft nacenerrieorfipblto roBoprttr,qro He roJrbno ry6., uro ((HpecrsffHcnoe r{MyqecrBo Mo?fierrr AoJIxtHo6rrtr y eBpeeBoro6pano, Ho caMa cg:bnatr,qro yroAuo>, eBpeuHaxogffTcfirnf sanoHaI{ c HrIMrrMo?nuo rr qro trorpoMa?fiAyr B geur npuapHn2). IlpegnoguteJlbABopflrtro erpeftcma Ocrpora o6parqaerctrreJlerpa{no s Ml{HrrcrepcrBo 1 ) A p x u r M r l n H c r e p c r B an o e o p .g ; b n a n , H o u i so t n o r n e s i R ua'ranrsrlra Omrouonbcxofiy6agn.uunnrliu flo4oarcrouy ry6. xouuccapy,or 22'ro noa6px 1917r., aa J\l 6191. 2 ) T a u - m e , e x o g . \ i 8 1 , o r 1 5 u o a 6 p a1 9 1 7r , DI
cftnM ltnaM c npocb6oftxo[araficrBoBarb 06 yAareHin rorpoMEoHacrpoeHHbrxcoJrAarrr8 M. JLrxoBqbr,BonbrHcKofiry6., fi.rHase,trI,IrrreroH, - rpoBrrr ru6efib M:bcreqRy,rg6 1.5-rosHBapn trpeAcronT rrpMapfta})l). <,trumyr ?nrrreJrr{ufcrevxaz). ?r(AeM B u. Ta;tnou, I(ieacnoft ry6., B AeHbffpMapnrr,t2 gena6px, 6rran pagrpou"{egbrrIoqrrt nct erpeficxia uanxu, npuqeu y.racrie n norponn:BnprrusJr n mtcrurrft rapnr{Borr. Enpelr-cougarrd coprarrrrooBaJrrrcbra xortm.r nora:burarr [orpoMy, Ho rapurrBorr orxaaaJr B rrrgavt un opymins). Anaflorrassrrn coo6qerin o6 oxu4aeMf,rx trJrr.rnporrcileJlruux anclleccax B ffpuapowrbre Inu 6nan notytenr,r r{B rltJraro prrga Apyrux utcr (Annononr, BopognuHa, Taranqa, Touamnonr, Itanes rr Apyr.). XapaHrepna B EroM cuuc.nf nopoTenbfiasreJrerpaMuarla Tpex cJroB,rprrcJranHasltopocrumeacnoft o6rqnnofiB MrrHr,rcrepcrBo tro erpeficnuu grbrau: <.flpuapxatrpouura 6narouorywrot; oro oanaqaro: fiorpoM urbcreqnoMr{HoBaJr. fleno rnrpamenurrft con4arcrifi xapaftrep, KaR BcerAac ytracriem xpecrbrrH, norpourr Hocr.rJrrr HaH B npu{ponronofi notocf, raft r{ B rbrJry. lla Onpyucriaro yrbaga coo6qaror,qro congarLr cxJlanbr,rlelbrpe Arrfl rpoMrlJrr enpeilil KpecTbflHe,paa6uBBr,rIIHHe cnoe HacerreHie., Jft 80, or 18 gexa6pa1917r. ' ) T a u - x e , J l i 7 7 . o r 1 4 g e x a 6 p n1 9 i ? r .
58
34 xopnyca. . . Ceffqacoracarclcff o6rqefrptann co cropoHrrr;bx ?Itesoficftonrrx qacrefi. ]Iftlanr e u;bcresxlbBaMepJra.IpaffigaEcrdn H BoeHHbrflBJracrIrI6eag6ftcreyrco1). . rlorpoMubrM oxBaqeu ropog gaTaMrr,paa6usnrgur{ BlrgrrbrecKJraALr,6rrnn sAlbcr,fipor.r3Begegbr 6egquH6eauopngnur.r rpa6exu; t7 oHrn6pfl cHoBa nporrBoflrJrtr s uocnlbfi cTpaxoMtfirlno Mtcre'IKo cTBacoJrlaT;IIOAuOrpoMIrr,IM gyroqie utcnquz). B non6p6 s reseuie ognoft negrbnuABalngbr nponaolueJltrorpoMs PbI6Huqt, flogofficxoft ry6., yvactie B HoeM trprmsJr284 aanaurrrft nonn. <Ecnu ue npu6ygyt urbpnnn BoIrEcxis qactu, ro u:bcteqxo npeBparllTcfl B [pax))' nl{Irrer KoppecoJlAarbr'naxogaqieca ua cuor4enrs). 23 onrn6pa s laficnuf uan;b.re}Iiue 180 u 15 neuepuuecKrrxrocuuraJrflx, paarpa6zar'rro' 26 sostrpouaoruJlr{ poA4).Ceprearrre AJIEroro BpeMeEtrExcqeccbr rererpauu;b r rapullBoua yMaubcxaro 6pt Vuann. Ha.Ianrnur " K renepaJlbuoMycexpetapiary no softcxosrru g;buaunrauret: >6). oAHaxo,Bce BpeMtrIIoA BsaHoMIIOrpoMa. ,r(rrJrr{, M*ctax, rg;Froaru'rHafiusncqeccrr,utcrnxs goennrbnoropux B rrEIfi rrJrr{ rpaX4anoHiff BJIaCru u uunnqiA 1pI{HIIMaJIIIu;bpnr n Jrerxo rpeAorBpalqarllttrorpoM. Tan 6nno e ftaMesxt, flog' ry6', Cxnlrpt u Hanen6, ItiescHofi ry6., o ,{y6xo, Ocrpor6, Bo;rrrncNofi ry6. B ltaHes;b,nanpumfp, coJIAarbI'rpouururie eBpeeB,rryrb He c Mibruasmuguu yfugurtu ITOMI{coa<(caMocyAop) pacrpaBrrJrrrcb pom; B ltaueux'b, KaIi MbIru4rFllr, rpoMrlnbrgaxe 6pocanu6om6rrs u uocntgnan crp;bnaaa.B funon'b ycMrrpl'rJllrnorpoMBbrMr{Jrr{qim, rycapbr,[pr{ groMunorie trorpoMua Morr,r,nera-flogourcna BBaHHbre 1 ) A p x u n e B p e l l c x a r o M E E n c r e p c r B a 'B x o n .d \ i 9 5 0 'o r 1 0 g e x a 6 p a 1917roAa. t) , !917r., Ni 15, raHxe Ni 41. a ) T a u - * t e , N i 5 8 , o r 2 1 n o a 6 P a1 9 1 7r . r ) T a u - x e , J \ t 3 9 , o t 2 7 o r r a 6 P n 1 9 1 7r . t) IIur. tro raB.
59
u4lrfiH6b,rJrr{ apecroBarrbr,a Htnoroprre r,ro6rrrLr.B Tupacnon;FconB oxra6pt, craJrr{rpa6urr MaraBr.rulrr.ryrporr{aJrunorpouou; Aarrr, ror4a u:lcrnnft Costr pa6ovr,rx rr coJrAarcr{rrxAenyraroB BbrBBaJr na Beugep Bor.rucr(ynqacrb, r{oropafl ornplrJra crptar6y ro rpoMr{JraM, oAr.rur{Brpomr,rJr6rru upr,raronny6ur, rrlbcnourno paneuo rr 75 qeuostn 6rrnlr apecronanr,rl). Boo6u1e,n rtx urbcrax,rg'b 6nrna fiyuleHa B xoA Boopy]fieHHaflcrrJra,norpoM HeMenJreHHo npeKpaulaJrc.s.Tan 6rrlro,uanpraurbp, s Touailnourb, Bepxonnrb,Kopocrnrmer:b, Jlurunib, Eorycrant, (Dacront, lltaurnont, llnaunonlb, floJroHrroM rr Apyr.2). <<,{ocrarovno 6rrno-6rroAHoroarrcrptua, qro6br Bcfi roJrna npo(feccionaJrbnbrx r,r ctyuaftnrrx rorpoMrrlunonpaa6:bEraJracb)), coo6rqaerrpeAcraBr4TenrenpeftcnaroBr{qe-ceHpetapiara nocrrb o6cu'F4orauisco6nrrifina utcrax. Oguano,qaqe Bcero,Han ur,r augfura, MutnqiR, utcrnrrft rapur{aorrr.rAax{ecneqialruo npucJraHHHeAJrs ycMrrpenis nouncrde orpagu caMrr crauoBr{JrucbB p.EAbrrrorpoMrrlunoB.B Hasant 4exa6px tfpaxqieft <
C nouqa uon6pn rroflBJrfirorcfi trorpourr, cBflaaulrbre co croJrnuoseuinM[ Me]nny 6ommesuxaurr rt ynpar{HqaMrr. Xapanrepnrru AJrE aroro rr{[a rrorpoMoB flBJrrrerc.flflorpoM, paarrrpaauriftca n [y6no, Botuncxoft r.y6. Vnoffrouosennr,rft HOilE B cBoeu gaer crb4yroqyrc Kaprrlrry co6rrrifi: , Nl 40, or 28 oxra6pn 1917r. t\
A p x l l e e B p e f c n a r o M r l u r r c r e p c r n a ,c o o 6 u q e uui ag a r u x u t c t .
") , .),i117, or 7 Aefi,1917r.
60
[pecTynHbrx rltneft. Bntcr noJrlroe nepeMl,IpreII eAI,lHoAJrRCBOTTX yqacrgymie Melr{Ay Bpa?fiAyloqwr?I' n r erpeftutou norpout ynpauncroft Byror rr o6eaopyzneunrre 6olsrueBrlntrr, Ir cOnAaTEIna xoMarrAbr,r.IApyne ... Boenuo-penorrcqioHrnfi rolluter nuaran 6poHeBna r{ nyJreMerbr,HaqaJracbcrp6nt6a IIo yJrRqaM,r{ rpoMrIJIbIpaB6txanncr'. Hacenesie oxBaqeuo flanuqecnfiM yrfiacoM. Cerogua rpoMnJrbrBepHyJrrrcbB ropoA co cBor{Mopyxieu, rr r.rAeTtrepeIIaJII(a... OpraunoonaJracb caMoo6opona, Ho oHa He B cI'IJrax vro ultSyAs nonrrreT OrHaSbIcg,bnarr 6ea opyxia, a BoeHHo-peno;rrcqionHhrr"r COO6pamerdft. . . IIOJII{TUqeCKI,IX Ba IIB naCenenie BaeTCrrBoopyErr{rb B ortrycny, I{ coJrAar B ropogt r,IurLrcrcs cBbrllre 200 eapeftcxlrx oulr, coaurbcTgo c ocTaJrbHoftMoJroge?fibrc,s cocroggill cocTaBltTb cronxHoeeuift Melr{Ay Haptlrua caMoo6opoup>1). orfluquylo qaCTffMI{, B CBflBAC IIOTpOMOM' yHpaI{HCItUMtr II 6OnrmeSUCrCKrrMII ItienMaxapona, gonecexir,t utcr. xutenefi [aercfi rartxe n aHTI4ceMIIrcr{JrbHoe B lrtcresHlb rocnoAcTBoBaJro cHoft ry6. cHoe Hacrpoenie u ,fiAaJII{ uorpoMa. 23-ro noa6ps n:bcHonrno r lties u O6parum.rcbBa IIoeBpeftcxr.rx O6Heareuefi orrrpaBr.rJrr,rcs pa6oullx AetryraroB. Ilocatgnin AaJI IrM Morrlbro n ltiescHift Costr 22 npacnorBapAefiIla, noropble npra6rr.lr n Maxapos. <.}t arouy upu6arlrnacb nrrJrbrrafiaruraqis MbrBOBbMeMCfi co cropoHbr yKparrHcxllx coJrAar . . . Mexqy HpecrbfiIIaMI4I T0IIIJII{ cfiyxr,qro eBperl npflsyr [yJIeMerbI ln qro oltrr rrporl4ByHpauuqen>>2)' Ilocltnnift Morr{B.flBJr.sercfl6olfe xapal{repHblM AJIfi Toro rI{IIa norpoMHblx axcqeccoB, lioropble paBhlrpaJlrrcbrloa?fie,n 19t8 r', r 1) Apxur ItOIIE, 4onecenieue [y6no ot t4 gexa6pr 1917r.' cM' raM-me grrb re.uerpanrnruua [y6no (
61
cBfl8rr C pacTyrrilrMaHrrrceMrrrnsMoM B pflAax yxpafirrcxofi apldu. encqeccon 1917 r. o6nsubrDt trpenJrorou fiBr{Jrr{cbcosc'bl{Apyrie ,{la MOTr{B6r:qTO (eBpeu [pflqyT
ToBapbrD, qTo ((oHr.rBI{HoBaTErB AOpOTO-
(ry Hrrx Bceecrb)>, nuBn:b>,uro a traqe BcerouorpoMLrnpoxoArrnra 6ea BcflIrr{x JroByHroB:npocro co6upauucr coJrAarbrpyccnrrx Eacrefi, paa6uramaenpeficxin JraBXr{,6panu roBap, 6eg.rnHcrsonaJrr{, r{ uM B sroM gfnrelruo troMoraJrr{yxparaucnie onpecruue Hpecrb.fiHe, HrrnorAane aa6rrsasruieupitxarr r enpeftcHoeu:bcreqno Ha flpMapny r{Jrr,rHa 6aaap c nycrbru uturnou, fiyAa Morr{HoyJrofitr{rb narpa6nennoeenpeftcxoego6po . . . Ilepnoe utcro rro qucny rorpoMJreuHbrx nyu]rron n nepiog or cenra6pa Ao nonrla 1917rola BaHrrMaer }tiescxas ry6epuia (noJroBuHa rctx uyuHror), aa neft cnrbgyerBonr,urcnaR, Barrbuflogour,cxafl. B flotrancxofi lxe, Xepconcxoftu t{epuuroacxofi sucno aro nuuroxrxol). Bonna axcqeccoBrre ocrauoBr{Jracb u s 1918 roAy. Becr snBapb trporrcxoAffT nacra.ni.a HaAeBpeffMr.r raxoro-rnexapar{repa,r(an r uunyaruie urbcaqrr. B Bo;ruucnoft ry6epuiu uau6ol:be cepbeaHbre cfiyqau npor'rBomnr4 r u. Jlyrznu u Jlnxoaqrr. 2-ro nnnapn coJrAarbr-rryfieMerquxuHaqafir4 6egslrHcrsosarb B M. Jlyrranrr lr paarpa6unuoct enpeficnis uasxfi. Hrbcxonrxo gueft cnycrff coJrgarrr cgfnanu rronbrrny noBropr{rb norpoM, Ho oroMy uoufmana opranr.raoBaBruafic.fl n lr'bcresmlbenpeficnan cauoo6opoual nfcxoJrbnoqfieuoB cauoobopourr6rnro trprr aroM y6uro, Hrbcroasxo paneuo. Congaraulr ufcrnaro rapar4Bouau qepHbro6un yvraueu ror1a-xre rpa6ex r Jlxxorqax. Psn ilorpoMubrxoncqeccoBrrpoucxoArrr r s I(ieecHofi ry6epuir.r: a ir{. Hono-Ilpr.rtynu, Eepguvencxaro yfaga, Bcrrbrxrrynu 10 sHBapfl 6esvuncrna, ofionsusmiscs nrbcxo.nrxrauuerpeftcxaMrr rxeprBaMlr. B u. FtauenHa 5 ,rr{Bapfi, troA Br.rAoM rrorlcr(a(tryneMeroBlt 6ou6r>,rrpoucxoAflTtroBaJrbubre obarcxr y eBpeeB,c non{lrcHaqieft roeapoB B JraBnaxlr orssrieu rpoAynroB B Aouax; o6ncnu arrc trpeAupr{H.ETf,r 6rrlrn coagarcnoft cenqieitutcrnaro Coetra pa6ouux!r conAarcnrrxAerryraroB,onpecrn (BoJrbrrhrMuaaBanaMrr}2). }torga eBper{ :y_ "ll.rbsrraMr{ r) Cu.nepevenl -(Marepiaasr arrx rryur{ros no2-fi.]actrsacroarqeft xsrrrr,r r'r AoriyMeHTb,D. 2 ) A p x u a e B p e f t c n a r o M q s u e t e p c r n a , g o a e c e n i eu B M . Haueuxn,uoiryqennoe 14 aunapx 1918r,, nxog. Nl 702, Cu, rarxte OgeccH.sxeneg.<<Enpefi-
62
trparunu lKanoBarbcffB BoJrocrb,rrM orBtTaJIu, qro co6paHiecofi[ocrarloBneuie o6 arofi pexeuauAar or{pyrrffiBrxAepeBenbBErHecJIo qiral ranrue y eBpeeBroBapbr6ygyr pacnpegtneubrno fiooreparuHarIaAeBau arrrx AepeBeHb.B Haraplnn:b npecrrnue npol{aBeJll{ nie na enpeftcxoenrag6uqe rr coBeprueHuoero paapyurutn. B oxcqeccbr,[porrarrorpoMubre Ilogonrcnoft ry6epniu ragslbcrHbr BeAeHrrbre n Tynrvun:b, a Rnnap6, Ity6aucxllu ro.rxoM: enpeftn:bcnonrxo cHis naBnn 6n"tru paarpa6ueuu, AoMa rroAornxtelrbr, eBpeeBpanenol). Trbu xe }ty6aucxlru troJInoMyrlrrneHErncn;bgaa aruu ancqeccbrrr r Bpaquant. flo croeuy runy ac'b oru aftcqeccbrrprrubrnalor eqe H rlepntrou 1917 BoMy nepiogy [orpoMHaro4ulrxeriR, BapoAuBrrreMyca roAa. Ilorpounun co6rrria, Koropbrff paabrrpaJlrrcra uocn;bgymqifi uepio4, yrr(e He rautnu cBor{MneuocpeAcrBerrHbrM r{crotrnt4nou paoBan pyccxoft apuill. Orur r:bcuo cBffBaubrc EoBbrMr4 araraMlr grbftcrsinulr a erpeficno-yftpar{rrcnnxoruoureniRx, c BoeuHbrMrr Me?fiAyyfiparruqaun lr 6o.'rrrueBr{riatrrr, a rar(ffie c HoBLIMUnoBcraHqecKHMu Eacrpoenisuu B ynpar{Ecnoftgepenn'b. ry6. (9urup. vtgna) ; cran Mrrcm>, },li 9, 1918 r. 9ta ltanenxa-l(iescHoii ynorrrrnyras nr,rue Kauenxa (norpou 6 uor6.) - flogo;rrcH. ry6. r) IIo gplrrM cstA'bnisM rlorpoM ytlnseg 6un co.ngaraun 132 n'bxotxaro <Enpeiicuaa MucJtsr), j\! 9, 1918 r. Horga r,r;LcrtroJIHa,cM.oAeccn,ex(erreA. <pag'b> HaE AyMa o6paruuacr u 132 nrbxornaro rroJII{aBa rIoMo]IbIo,corAarl'r orntrnau. qro He *{eJralor ((aauluilIars ?l(r{AoBD.
63
ru. Vxpauncxoe xaqiouanrnoe A.uxeuie nocn;b penolroqin lr BcrynJrexie uaqiouansxbrx uesbllrrllrcrB erpeftcHia napriu. rr Pagy u lenepa:rrnufi CeHperapiar. - Vrpanacxo-enpeitcrin BaarruoorHoruesis.- EnpeftcHiii Br{rle-cexperapiar- enpeficHoe floropor H *cauocriilulqecrByD. -VxpalluMrrnr{crepcrBo.cxar Hapolnaa Pecny6;u{fia Ir eapeftcxie upeAcraBrlTenlr. Otnomeuie espeftcHoil uponuuqiu. - Paapr,rr c Pocciefi u noenrlir erpeficxux uaprifi. - $as6g o naqiouaaruo-nepcoxaJlbIlepenou n otsorreuiu yHpaI{EqeB H eBEoil aBrorroMilr. pefiM. - Mlrpnne nepenoBopr,rB Bpecr6; 6opr6a Me*(Ay AByME generaqimru. VHpauneriie Haxanyr;b nagenin l(iesa. -AnuIceMI{TckaE aruraqin s Hien6. -V6iftcrao BoesuErexp1'ru. npeAc:bAarerfi Corcaa erpeen-BoltltoB.
Itor4a yxpauucnin rapriu HaqaJIn, trocJllb tferpanrcroft peBoJrroqiu, crpor,rrb sAaHie aBrouoMHofi Vxpauurr, llx AoMorar{ifl, oco6euuo lrie rrJrarrblo {egeparuBHoM repeycrpoficrBf Poccilr, sblHeAoyMtFie BBaJrrrB CpeA6 pyccHoii AeMoRparir, xar( MLI Bt{[1b.:1ff, I{ Aarr(epaagpameuie. Mo,nogoftVnpalluf trprrmJlocbHaqarb cepbesnyrc u4efiHyro 6opr6y Ba cBolr JIoByIru. B ranofi MoMeHr eBpeftcHafl o6rqecrBeHrrocrbHa ynpauH:b, - nocxoJlbKy o6qecrBeHl{ocrb BLrpaxaercs B troJlrrruqecfiIrx uapTi.sx u B pyltoBoAfiIqIrx oprasax, -or{aBairacb Ha croponf yfipal,IHqeB. }rxe na BceyxpauucnoM HaqioHafibuou Hourpecc6, a auptnL L9LT r. B HieBt, erpeilcrde rpeAcraBrlreJllr BIIcryIII{JIII o npranrbrcrnianrr. Opatop or Coglbra o6'eguneuurlx eBpeftcxl{x opranl,Iaaqift aaHonqr4ir cBoe IlpntcJroBo npoBoBrJralrenieu <
[aprifi 6rr.,ro rtnn 6onrbe Ba]riuo, uro pyccriie Aemonparlr.recnie opraHbr s ltiest BeJIr.rrepBoe BpeMff aHrrBHyIo 6opr6y nporrrB ynparrHcr{aro g:Bra. TaH, nanpuutp, <, ae.rrRnuriftcn {aHrlluecxoft penonroqionnoft BJracrbro s ltieef nocnt {erparr, rrocrauoBrlJrAeJrerrpoBarl oco6yrc genyraqiro H Bpeueuuouy IIpaBr4TeJrbcrBy,c qtnr,ro uoturbruatr' [JraHaM ynpar4rrlleB o HeMeAJreHuoft asrouoMifi. B cocta.r arofi genytaqiu ptureno 6nrno aHnro.rurr faK}fie r,r ilpeAcraBlrreJrfr or eBpeeB, no 6naro4apa nporuno4fricrnirc stHoropbrx eBpeiacnux gtnreneii, enpeft r genyraqiro He nourerl). O4naxo, ornourenie enper:icHraxuapriii H HapocraroqeMy ynpar4ucr{oMy AuumeHirc AoJrro ocraBaJrocb r npegtnax MopaJrbHoft uoggepmxlr. tr4ronr,no rorAa, Horga Paga craJra HoucrpyfipoBarbc.E, r{an HpaeBar{ BJracrb, r,r Hor4a yripar4uc}ioe gwrnreHie o6Hapy?HrrJrocepbeBHyrocrrJry, Boapoc 4tiicrneunlrii lrnrepec K Helry co cropoHbr enpei,rcxr,rxnapriii. B nepnr,re nfcnqn cyulecrBoBaHin Pagrr Borrpoc o6 ynpauncHoeepeiicHr,rxorHoureHisx He craBr'rJrcflr{oHxperHo. IIpan4a, Ha BceyKpauHcnoM liourpecc'b 6nna uplrurta peeo.nrcqia o Tobr, rrTo (oAHr4M rra rJraBHbrx npr,rHIlunoB yHpanncxoii aeronolrila rrpuauaercrr IIoJrHafl rapanrin upan uarlioHailbubrx MeHbIIrrrHcrB,rnrrByrqrrx ua VHpalrn'b>), lro npanTlltrecnr4Hl{qero AJrfl BToro He 6r,rno cg'B.nauo. C 4pyrolT cropol{br, u erpeftcxin uapril,r eu1e crosirrr B cropout or yxpar4Hcxaro ntaa. B irou'l;1917
65
Eaqin Ha ynpannlbt. flo coruamenirc, 30 trpoqenroB utcr s PaAt (enpexu, renu6Hro upegocraBJrenonaqiouanrnf,Iu MesBumEcrBaM 6uun Cenperapiara B cocraB lenepanrnaro Ir fiopoccaM,norarau), n IlenHeynpalrnrlbr. Enpen nofiyqrfitr 50 u6cr raft'ne BftJrroqeHBI rpamnoft Palf s 5 *rtcr s Manoii Pagt; ntcra 6unn pacupeg'bJrenbrMerr(Ayrcfuu eupeficruauunaprinuu. Taxzu o6paaou,rnepenpeftcnoena4iouanrnoe [pegcrarurearcrno.l) sne 6nao coBAaHo [t erouy BpbMeHtrornocltrotr Eaqa"ro nau6on;be gpyrfiecrBelrrrf,rx oruorneniit uex4y yxpal{EcfiIrun n enpeficfiI,Iuu g;bnrenaacr. Ha nepeou aacrFgagiuManofi Pagrr (oprana, eErgfrenuaro ua l{eucocraBoMu 6o,nteru6xaro), 11-roircnr, rpaarnoft PaAu, c MeIrbIrMM Bblcryrrrlrrr, yffie ftaK paBuonpaBsbre npuntrcraiflMl4 c ropffrrurm yqacrur{nfl, nct erpeftcxin rapriu, roBoplrBlllia o <<noapo}fiAalorrleucs ynpauncxolu uapogrL>,o cilpaBe4Jrnarrxrpe6osarisx asnepeyctpoftcrnrb tonouin, a ntnoroplle Aarfie o ([re4eparuBnoM Pocciu. <Ero 6rr:r oArrnI{BcaMbrxl{pacrrBrrxMotrelrroBB co}KIITeJIbcrn'b uaqionainHocrefi ua Vnparzntt), - rlldmer B. Bunnrnseuxo B 6rllo mecBoeMo6aopt ouoxu. <<6unalrcripeHuocrrB rlplrMrrpenira, aanie gpy,fiHaro corpyguuqecrBa u o6ularo Arbna, 6rr.ro xe.ilanie aa6rrrr crapbrfl uegopaayufnir. tr'In go.nrHencuoBa nogrleprinyrb: ara ucxpeurloerb oco6enno [porrBJlsJlacby upegcrasurenefi I{enrpanruyn erpeftcxux oprauuaaqift. Oxu yme ocoBHaJIrI PaAy, nax csofi oprar, Ir Bblcr)ml{nlr B rIeM' KaK paBHbIeero qreHBI' rr naqioua.rtnrruu>s), Ionopn o paBubrunnpaBaMI{norI,IrI,IqecxI4MI,I uaqionanblrblxMesborsouresiu B Apyrou rra6mtroro-tae o6aopao6 rrrr{HcrB r( yxpauHcxofr sfiacru, Br,nrruvenno trIrilrer o eBpeflx: peftcrin noffrrusecnix naprin ornecJrl{cbp aacylnrensuo, a ulrbltr <<En uB Hr{x u crrMlrarnBupyloqe x uge:b yHpauuonoft rocyAapcrBennocrlr . . . PaacyglrB,trro yfipalluqbl rle cerogHfl-BaBrpaHeMIIHyeMo snt;bcusr roclrogcrBo pyccnnx, oHLrEe rauGmlElrftanux ocuosauift 6oporrcn c yfipal,IsqaMl,Ipaglr rocnogcrBa pyccnl{x. Orur upurrfiJrr{K csfntsin rrAeloyftpal{ncHoftrocy4apcrBeulrocrl(, nan (panr, ran utsro ecrecrBeHnoelr neua66xnoe... E coBepluennoconoqyBcrBoBalu ce6.s Bsarerbxo, p'bururenrno n nocu'bgoBareJrbno rpa?nAanauuVrpauncxoft gepxaBu)a). Bea sux, 6es Eaqionafirl) Enpear, uo npouopqir.r,[oJlaralrocb6onrme u:bcr, no osll ocranlrrrlrcedt raxra rorrbno 50 n 5. rroJrr{Tuqecnaro 2 ) B . B u a n u q e u r o , q u r . c o q . ,r . I , c t p . 2 9 7 . 3 ) T a u - x e , c r p . 2 8 6 "
66
- Mbr He MorJIIt C!II{- COAHaeTCff OE AaJIbIUe, E}IX MeHbmUI{CTB, Tarbcff BJracrbroBcero HaceJlenifiVHparurr, He Morntl uoryrlurb goufpia cpeArrnace.nesisropoAoB,He Mourl{ noryqurr npLranardx Bpeuennaro flparr,rtenrcrBa, He MorJrI{noryrlurb neo6xoAlrurrx ifunancorrrx cpeAcrB. . . Erru nr,rato, ItftcrerrreJlrHo, cotoalro paactlery,rlJrrrcolo3,ocBlmnraseHno coqyBcrrira,Hax yKaBbrBaJI nosanHbritHa I{cHpeIrHeM panbrrre,uo erpeficHie [peAcraBrrreirll,BcrytlItr e Pa4y, EBI4JII{oI ornpbrrr{Mrraar{rrrlrlrnauu yrpal{Honaro A'bua. Itorga BoBHrrKItoH' tprr.rxr ilo roBol{y <>, moropuft[ep?fiaJlcflB yKpaIrHclroMBonpoct ue raHoft nocl;bgorarenr,noftI{ ucnpennefiuoalrqilr, xan gpyrix erpeftcHin napriu, M. Pa{ec, 6usuift rporI4BHIrKoM ngeu {egeparr{Buaro nepeyctpoilcrna PoccilL u roABeprmifi uepsuir ynunepcan p6axofi nplrrrIHt, B oroM xon([;utu;b rome cran sa cropony ynpanriqeel). Cei'r.Iacnocl6 cornauresis 3 iIo;rs It{. Pa{ec BorueJIB cocraBfeuepaalnaro Cenperapiara,n rta'Ieerst (ceuepaJrbHaro Ir Aall{eB cocraB 4eueraqiu or Pagrr, HoHTpoJIepaD, ta4uerueii n Honq;birofls s flerporpag, c qtnrro orcroflrb pacurltperde anronouHr,rxnpan VHpauHbII( KourrerenqiraPagrr. floaffie olr u Ha ero u'bcro Bcrynan yrrreJro rrocra reuepaJlbuaroHoHrpoJlepa, < A. Solorapen. C upYraxlne o[rrr r.rBrrpegcraBlrreuefi rofi cTopoHbr,I,r yKpal{Hqbil,IrecMorpfl Ha BcIo [oAoBprrTeJIbHOCTb' sacro flpoflBJrfieMyloI{Mrr B OrSOmeEiItX . cayvaft yupexrgeuia <<eapeftcnaro 1) Cp., aaupuu:bp,cr. s (lonoclb Eyxgal, 1917r., J\! 3. 5t
67
Eoe BuarreHieuutr r.ra4anubrftPagor?n rusapt Banou o uaqiouanrnotrepconaJrbHoft asronoMiu. Ilony4a yHpauncnie gtxreulr ocraBaJrr4cbna noqeG aeroHoMir.r u tfegepaqilr c Poccieft, Aeprr(aJrrrcb e[rruaro penorrcqioHnaro {poHra c pocciftcHofi geuonparieft lr se pBaJrr{c Poccieft rocyAapcrBeHHoupanoroli cBrravr,enpeftcHir naprilr oxorHo ruJrtrdc Hr.rMrr. Itor4a L9L7 v, B yr{paur{cxoru gorarxeHiu ,fie, HasuHaa c oxrn6pn-Hon6px rrpolraorueJr ptanift repeJroM B cropoHy <(rutcrt c <(MegbrrreBraHaura>>) BbrcnaBaJrcflpfaHo fiporrrB. <<EcnuBbr [porr,rB paagrFnaPocciu, - criaBaJrM. Pa{ec, o6paulancr K yr{parrurlaM, ro He Morfiere roBopr{rb o cyBepeHHocrrr. . . Paapnn c poccificnunr yxrpeArareflbHbrMro6pauierrr Mbr cqr{raeM r(oHrp-peBonrcqionnnu asrerdeM afiToM n 6ygem flporr{B uero 6oporrcs>. SnannelrareJrbHbrM BbrcryrraB6rrlo ro, qro rr Bcrblpyrie nporlrBHr{r(fi ((cyBepeHHocrrr)), urie n Pagf or rrMeHrr pocciitcnur napdft,6n.ru enpelr: <>,n crpeMficb n roMy, .rrodril pocciftcxag 68
pecny6ruHa oraJra ({eAepaqieft paBHbrx rd cBo6oAHbrx HapoAoB>. EnpeiicHrax npe4craBr{Teneit cr.rnrno uodynqaJro roJrocoBarb Ba VHunepca;r ro o6cTofiTeilbcrBo, qro B rrero BnJrroqeno 6nrno o6tulanie orHocr4reJrbno naqiouaJrbuo-nepcouanruoft aeroHoMi[: < > . EnpeficHie npeAcraBrrreJrr{ nplrntrcrnoea.irlr VHranepcan, Ho He cxphrBaJrr4,qro cMyrrleHbr HoBbrM naqioHalrno-nofiurnqecnr.rM r{ypcoM. <<Mrrc rpenoroii noAxoArrM n DToMyar{ry)), BarrBrrJr[pe4craBrrreJrb <>, M. Jfuraanoa, na aac:bganin Manoft PaRu 7 Hon6pn: <>. B rou rxe 4yxt Bbrcna3aJrr{cr, rr rrpeAcraBnreJrrr<<Eyuga>ra <. C 4pyrofi rpeeoroft nogorrreJrnpeAcraBrzrem, cionr.rcrcHofi QpaHqiu, H. Cuprutr: <1). HecuorpR, o[Hano, Ha TpeBory, ocf enpeficHie upegcraBr{reJrrr BbrcHa3aJrrrcr, aa VxpauncHyro Pecny6.rumiy. Ilpegcranlrrens <,A. SonorapeB, nprr Mbr Br4ArrM,.rro ocso6offiAenurni yxparaHcxifi aroM cHaBaJr:<>pecrty6xmxm. <<Morxuo nn tpe6onarb or yHpar{HIIeB, .rroShr oHrr or1) , lft 49, or 10 uoa6pa 1917 r. 2) Tanr-me, B ron-E(e noruep:b. I4nrepecno orn:brurr, ttro nporr{B III Vur.raepcanaHr.rrro He roJrocoBaJr, a BoaAepxiaJrncr4 .ren.: pyccHie c.-A. r,r pyccxie e.-p. He nognucar roJrrro flpegcraBr'rreJrr(noirbcnaro qerlTpaJrbnaro o6'e[ngenisr>"
69
II HaqioEarbHLrxcrpeMJrerritBo uMff or cBot{xuHTepecoB KaBaJrucb (a pyccnofi penorroqiu), xoropoft y nux ufr ? . . Vxpauns'bpn cr{nf,r cr{aff pecly6nuna o6'senena or uMeHr4rr [Jrfi Bcero nacenenin TaH r{ yxpar4ucxaro,pyccxaro u noJrbVxpauuu, ran enpeftcr(aro, cxaro. . . [a agpancrnyer cno6oAnaff Vxpanrla, nepnuft vnen {egeparunuoft pocciftcxoft pecny6Jrtrrxlr), raft rrncaJrn rt guu <t). Ornorneuie erpeficxoft npoopraE <> fioJlrdrrrqecr(r{x opranuoaqiii, H Vuranepcary sfinqin, ntpnte-eff 6nao s oqeub Mnorrrx utcrax paryrnnoe. Tart, nanpuu;bp, n u. Iopogurq;b, Itiescxoft ry6., na 6orrurom enpeficxonnMaccoBoucoo roM, qro <.Oprannaaqia<>n flpocxypont, npranttcrnyn VsnnepcaJla BhrBBaHa noPagy, naxoArrJla,qro <2). PaiionsarrHou{epenqis roft xre uapriu s VMaHu rar{}Re npunrbrcrnoBaJratro EToMycfiyqaro Pagy, nrrpaar.rBHaAerfiAy,sro (rorpoMbr 6ylyr HeMeAJreEHo npexpauleuno3). B rou xe gyxt lr 4pyria enpeficdn opranuaaqilr. Coetqauie o6BbrcnaaaJrr{cr quu Xepconcxoii ry6epniu, trpoucxoAlrBmeeB Emacaserrpagrb, nplrnflJro peeonrcqirc o rol{, rrro <enffircrseuHoftnparomovnofi BJracrbrona Vnpar.rnt gsfirrercs l{enrparsuan Paga, Koropafl otrrapaercfi na gortpie yHpanrcHoft geuonparilr rr Heynpar{Hcxnx uaprift, Tan}r{elr enpeficnnn>.Contqasie sartu AeMonparuqecnr{x aa BxrroqerdeXepcoucxofiry6epnirr B cocraBynpar,ruBbrcxaaaJrocb yffie cxofi pecuy6,rurura).Taxis npuetrcrni-a u peao,irrcqinBbrxogr4Jrr.r qucro rrilaroufiqeo$aro otnoureris n ynparrucnoMy aa upegtnnr A'brly. r) >, j\! 48, or 9 nonSpn 1917r. 2) Tau-xre, NJ\! 56 ra 55, or 17 u 16 Hoa6pn 1917r. 3) Tau-me, J\! 78, or 15 gexa6pn 1917r. Pesolroqia c onpe4trennoii aaqr.rroil y$parlHcnaro gnnmexia flpr{Hfira raxxe Hou(pepenqiefi yxpar{rrcnnx ciosncroe. .) Tau-rHe, j\! 88, or 30 gena6pn 1917 r. Cu. ry ;rte raaery Jl{lNi 67 n'13. B nocr:bgneu uouep:E orrllcuBaerca, Rafi rop*(ecraenRo 66rn ornpaaguonan rperifi Vnunepcan n Bnnnwqt, rgt on 6nn npounran ran?$e rr no eBpeficxn. To xe npolraorrrJroB Kpeuenv.yrt u Apyr. ropoAax.
7A
Ha rperbeluVnnrepcaat, Ho ynpauncxoegtno Ee ocralroBlrJlocb gna soBaro Kypca. rouxoft nocnt4nift uocJly?firrJlJIIIIITrucxognofi arIiIMrpa]I{AaHcnanroftua 4anu, Iloxo[ 6onuuerranoBIl BbIBBaHHafl crpaolffM n fioreurian Mbrrlr4:bru, orpounrrft ToJIqeHTarIBIrrI,IMcfl qiau cauocrifiumecrsa, r. €. paapblBac Poccieft. Buepnsre orr{pbrro Bro cxaBaJlocbHa aac;bgalrinl\{aloii Pa4u 22-ro noa6pr tro Bonpocy o ceraparuolu ul'Ip6. B ator MoMeHryxpauncnie r B cBol4xHacrpoeenpeftcniegtaterr BnepBbreptsno paBoIIIJII'Icb sa trpunsrie npeguisx. Bct yrpanncniq napriu BbIcKaBaJItrcb unpt c lepuaniefi, sc& erpeftonia egu' aomenis o cenaparlrorvr HOAyIIIHO BbICnaBaJIIICb IpOTI.IB'
lI H HI{M npIICO€AI'IHI'IJII4CbpOC-
Ir coq.-peeonrcqiouepu. Ho cificnis naptira - c.-4. ((MeHbrueBaKrID orrfirb: trpeAcraBlrreJlffMl4 or arr{x o6utrepyccxllx uaprift BhrcryMeublrrr{rrcrB o roM, rrr{Jrr{ espeu . . . Peaonrcqis Haqionalrnbrx qexrpalruofi uMeHu HyffiIro oT o lurpb BecTrlr fleperoBopbr sro o coroanr.rcorJraureniro rr rro n.lracrr pocCiftcnofi ({e4eparuruofi) B ropnvux ffaurr, 6nna yxpalrurlaMlr p;bururelsuo orBeprnyra. , I{. IIIa4-Annn, - qro xorr{re coBAarr' cno6o4nyro Vnpauuy s o6'elnneuuoft Poc]tan xre Mo]Ker uactr ([e4epaqilt Becrrr orciftcHoft rfegepaqir. gturnnre Mr.IpHbIe fleperoBopbr, KorAa 9To Mo?fier nou:burars rnTepecaMr{6naro ? He oenasaer JIIr 9To, tITo Bbr xorl{Te or Poccia orqeMy npxramca?11). Atm.rrucs? Torga cfia?fiI{Tearo rIptlMo, H getneprrrii Vuunepcat rlpfilvlo oro rr cHaaaJI. Boupoc o6 otgtueuin or Pocciu 6rrr sapante p:brueu B pflAax yrpar'Iucnux gtnre.neft, u enpeiicHtlM [peAcraBIrreJltrM IIplIIrrJIocb cqr'ITarbctr c HnM, ftaK c ([aHrou. Byuyvu prbruurenrnllMl{ rrporl4BlrlrfiaMl'I paBpbrBa rocyAapcrBerrlro-[panonoft cBflBI{ c Poccieft, anta, cannqioHnpyrcqarc pacraA Poccira u paapr,IBalorqaro poccificxoe enpeficrBo Ha gsr[ uacru, opienrupyacr sa o6'eguseunrrfi peronnqionnuft (pponr, enpeficHin napriu, oAIraKo, ne p;bmunlrcb roJlocoBarb IrpoOnu no' rlla Var.rsepcaJla, uanlrifecta HeaaBrrcttMoft VHpallurr. orKpbrro trporllB roJIocoBaJIToJrblto aroMy BoB[epfiiaJrtrob; <EynA>, sMtcrB c pocciftcxuulr ((MeIrblIIeBuEaMID;Boagep?fiaJllrcl' r) Naie
Zaitv , Ni.T\i59 N 60, ot 22 n 28 ltofi6pa l9l7 r.
71
Butcrt c eBpeftcxr,rMr{ [apriffMn (xpout ciour,rcror, HorophreB arou roJrocoranilrnoo6qe He yqacrBoraru), Tan?fien Apyrin naqio- pocciftcxie coq.-penonrcqioHeprr HaJrbHbrfl Mer{brrrr{HcrBa rr (([oJrbcxoe r{euTparbuoeo6'e4nuenie>t).<Mu [ocraBr4Jr]rce66 upe46n, AAJIbIUE KOTOPATO MbI I4ATII SMIbCTT CO CBOI{MI{ YXPAI,IHCI{I,IMI{ TOBAPI4-
rqaMrr He cMorJrlr 6u, aror upeA'bn- eAr.rlrcrBopoccir,r>>, cHaBaJr eqe rrpu rorocosaHiu rperbflro VHnnepcanarpeAcraBr,rrenr< A. Sonorapeo. <> Torrblro ycrrJrrrrr;F nperpa4hr,Koropbrrrr[ ran utnrarcr cno6o4nonay paasuriro ynparmcHofiuapognofipecny6nnHn>z). Onroureqieenpeftcnlrxnapriii n HoBoMynypcy BbrBBaJro B pfl_ Aax yxpar,rHcHnx 4:bnreleii, a oco6enHocpeAlrpflAoBlrxynpar.rnrleB, neo6u'raiiHoeoeno6;reuie. trIx pas4pamaJraHeBaBrlcrrMocrb noJrrrTIrRueapeficxuxnaprift B Borrpocaxcrpor{reJrbcrnavxparaurr. Ha aac'bgaHiuNlarofr Pagbr 6 flHBap.ff1gt8 r., nor4a o6cyl$AaJrc.ff Borrpoo o xacrynlerdn 6onrurerlu{oBr,r o6 yHpauucHoiirulrpuoftgeneraqin, AeMoHcrparrrBHo cxaaaJrocbaro uacrpoeuie. Korga err_ cry.rlrJr rrpeAcraBrrrenr<, M. Pa{ec, eMy c xop fipurrarr.r ((BCr{Harory!>> u ue AaBaJrr,r roBoprrrb. vxparaHqrrcraJrr4yrrpeHarb naqionamnbr.EMeHbrur,rHcrBa B rorr, qro onr.r<<mtruarcrocsodofi(4eHiroVnpalrun>. Eule 6ol.be ruoBrrHrrcruqecxarr armoc{epa qaprrJra B Pagf, Horna roJrocoBaJrcfl uerneprrrii Vxlraepca.n. Bo BpeMfip:bvraoparopa <, M. Jln6epa,cpeAr{ynparancxofiuy_ 6mrHlr cJrbrrrraJrrdcb cBrrcrnrr u pyraHb. Brrcryr.neuie 4arHe noaAeplftaBrxrrxcfior ronocoeaHi.ffenpeftcHrrxfipeAcraBrrreneft6rrro ecrp:bueno a.tro6urrmlrBbrnprrnaMrr. g Rurapn 1gl8 r.,pa3a gna AHffAo rorocosaHisVnraaepca;ra, 6rr.lr eArrnorJracHo rrpr,rnflT Aoii BarioHo naqioua,nbgo-[epcoHamnort anronomiu, nnecenurrii eepeftcHru reHepaJrbHbrM ceKperapiarorrl. O6 orpomnoft BarfiHocrrdaroro aanoHa MolKHocyAr.rrb no ?oMy anryaiaalry,c noropbrMou 6burncrptueH npeAcraBr{reJr.flMr{ eBpeeB, r) Bonpoc o IV Vuurepcaaf ronocona;rca n Manoil pag6 11 aHnapr 191gr. 1{ npo[r€Jr 39 ronocalur ynpar,rurleBnporrrB 4, nplr 6 BoBAeprfiaBurnxcfl. r) ,.M 15, or I j s u - l . .1 g 1 8 r . , e r . l I " M a n H a 6 l r .< O 6 ' s saeuie calrocrifinocrrr>.
72
Koropbrx tfaxurvecxu oH 6onrme Bcero HacaJlcfl. , cHaBaJIreuepaJlbl{blft ceHperapr uo enpeftcxuu 4:bnau (uoame uunncrp) M. Suns6ep([ap6. IIptRM. Pa$ec, upnetrcrnoBaJr ero, HaK >, Hanoro eule He Snaer HrI oAHa crpana B aKT, Ba?fiHocrl4 u'bfiureft gyxt BbIcHaBaJII{cbran?*(e rr npeAcraBr{reJllrt Enpou'b>. B rou me cioHlrcroe r.rApyrux naprifi. Jlragep ciottltcros, H. CrrpHuu, pa4bctHo rrr{caJrrorga: <1).Enpeficrde gtnTeJrr{paBocJraJII{TeJIerpaMMbIc nanrbulenieMLr rloBApagreHi.flMuuo loBoAy rpr.rxflraro 3afioua B pasrrltlHble enpeitcHie qeHrpbl - B Sanon o nar{iosalbHo-rep' flerporpag, r AuepuHy, n Ancrpin. conanrsoii aaroHo[.dn 6nrn upltrxr ror4a, HorAa ynpanncHie gtaTeJrrr alrroM upuunria qerBepraro Vnnaepcana nopBaJIrI ngefino Mrr narlionanrnblx MeHbIIIrIHcrB. 3ro s aHa'Iurerrrc fipegcraBr4TeJrff uoft crenerrl JII{IIaJI0 BaHoH ero anaqenis. SaMrbsatensuo to o6cro.flTeJrbcrBo,qro IiaH pag uepiog, HorAa Hour{perxo onpeg:bnr'rnacr HoBaff ugeonorin yxpal{Hcr(Irx 4tareneft u 6un BBrr Hypc Ha ((caMo' criftuocrr>>,T. e. BpeMff Melrqy noadpeu I{ flHBapeM,flBJIflercfl TaH?He nepiogou nalrSonte 6naronpinrnaro AJIff eBpeeBBal{ouoAareJrbcrBa n o6racru uaqionanrublx rlpaB. B ronpoc;b o fipaBax uaqionanrHbrx MeHbrrrr{rrcrB ynpalrucnie gtRrenra, g;bftcrnurelbuo, ITIJIT{Aa' Jrexo. Ho o6qyro floruruqecnyrc nnHito I{ rrpoqecc rocygapcrBelrrrpoBoAIlITb, He Haro crpolrreJlbcrua VHpaIrHbr oHu pturulllcr c Hacrpoeninnnn enperlcHoft o6qecrBeHlrocrlr Ir Hacqurascb rlioHanrnrrx MeHburIIHcrn eoo6u1e. Enpeiicrde [peAcraBl4renlr 6suru [porLIB Vuanepcala, Ho r{orAa Vulrnepcan 6ru uplrnar rt ynpal4ucnaff HeBaBI{cIrMocrt,o6'ffoilena, onr{ ornecJlucr rofisnruo It HoBoMy nypcy. < B rlepeAoBofi crarrt <. laaeta, oAlIaHo, He cnpbleaer, qro <, J$ 2, or 16 norfipa 1917 r., ct. (, J\i 10, or 13 rrrrBapfi1918 roAa.
73
tr'Iuenxo e aru illbc.flqhl B prrlax TeJrbnoft crertenrr ilpopoqecfiuutr. yftparrncnr.rx ronrgeft BoBHr{Kaer ro lloAoBprlrenbxog u negonr[punMeHbIIrItHcmam>), HoBoe ornorrrenie n enpenu (x <,cHaBaJr on. . . . Ho upomlu Mr,I DTor orafl il Ousrr MeHbITII{HcrBaBaxpilqatr.r: < . . . 11 nasann xsaJrr{TEHarrr npegngyrqifi aran. Ho otuaxnyJll,rcb MbI or anronouin u fiorrrJrrr Aairbrrre - r{ AoITIJTI{go apegepaqifi. On.atr MeHbIITI{HcrBa Banpr.rsaru{:<.Tenepb ollu xBaHo un ;nrur 6x Hac, ecJILt 6n urr ocrarroBtrJll{cb Ha asrouomiu. caMI{ BHaeM. MenrmuncrBau xonofiAeu eu{e AaJrblrre,a HyAa qercfl, .rro6br y nac 6nura ogua rrania -ua Ilerporpa4lt). Bce aro corpoBo?fiAarocr 6ypnrrMl{ auIrJIoAI{cMeHraMrrn cutxou ynpar{rrgrbarenr, raft]Ke criofi ny6nuHu. flpyroft nngnrrft yxpauncxift rrJreHyKpar.rucfioft coq.-AeMoltparrasecKoft uapriu, crogstrIift Ha efl ,ntsoM $ponr6, Hepononuu, KorAa o6cyxqalcn u PagB Borrpoc o cenaparuo*r uup!, cnaaair orltphlro: <<.flnuxorga ne ntpuu naqionamnrru MeHbffIrHcrBaM, Koropblx Bce Bpeug senlr raMnaldlo rrporrrB Pa4rr, rr Aa?fierefiepb, fiorga MeHbIIIaHcraa rpe6yror, vto6rr BJracrb rreperrrJraroJlbno H PaA6, MbrI{M ro?fie Ee o:bpum>z). Taxoso 6rrno rRxrnoe o6snueuie, 6ponrennoe rre-yxparlHcxlrM, T. e., rJtaBnrru o6paaou, enpeficrnM rrpeAcraBureJlffM, Jlro6ounruo, qro aror cauuft vren Pagr'r Hepouonuu nopornoe BpeMff ctrycrn,"fiorga 6onrn ltieny, oAIrI[M uB trepBblx rreperrleJl rrreBrrnr.rcraJru upu6uuxarrcr Ha rrx cropony Ir craJl rpou.IB Pans . . .3). Kpyroft repeBol crprb.nxn Ea (caMocriftuocrr> [ocraBI{JI BcIo r) , or 19 AeHa6pa1917r., Otuer o aact4anin {exrpamuot Pagn. z ) T a u - x e , o r 2 2 t 2 3 n o a 6 p a1 9 1 7 r . 8) floaxe, n nnrapt, ox 6ur y6ur. Ero 6aaa Mecrb.
74
[oJrr.rrrrr(y ll uAeororirc yxpal{Hcnaro g6fla Ira HoBLIff peJr6cbl. Hanrecrsie 6oflrnresuron, pteHo ocy'fiAeHuoe sctMfi pocciftoxrmlr traptiRuu, lrao6paxranocr s ftieslL I{cKJIIoqI{TeJrbfio,fiaH naurecrsie (BeJrr.{Hopoccon>>. Cau rJIaBa [paBl4lreJrbcrBaornpbrro aro BbIcHaBbrBeAyr c IraMIit 6onrmesuxrr, ecrb 6opr6a Koropyrc aaJr. <Eopr6a, BonruresraHu 6opnrca c HaMI{, r(an BeJlrlfionaqionaurnas. pocchD),cHaBaJIB. Bunun.Ieuno Ha Bceyxparancxou c'tagt Cogtros. Mexqy r:blr, eto oano6neHie rrporlrB (BeJrrrnopoccoB))HeoE(I{AaEHr,rMr{rryrflMl{ npLIBeJIon oglo6neniro uporuu eBpeeB. ,{peuanruis s ruy6raHt yHpauncHofi o6ulecrnennocrllt aurllceunrcHin vyncrra 6uru BHeBanHosbl6urbr Hapyxry. qro a o6ocrpeuill arl{x nactpoenift cBorl poJlb Hecoltrtnso, crrrpaJru MIrpHbIe reperoBophl a Epecrt u non{,ruHr, uoannxmifi Me?r{Ay 6onruresfictcHofi r yxpauucHofi MrrpnbrMrr geleraqiauu. Ceuaparuue treperoBopbl c urbuqauz, fiorophle BeJIa AeJleraqin or Pagbr, u Baxfiroqenunfi erc ceuaparHrrfi ullp otryraJllr sct nnaHbl 6onryxyAIIII{.lII{ IIx IIOBI{IIirc.fnaea 6OnruresucrrueBrrnoBu BHaTILITeJIrIIO gereraqiu, nnrnyrHgen6rrn, c ognoft croponrr' rrpraJI.Tpoqxift, cHofi aHarb B Bpecrt HeaaBnclrMocrrVnpauncxoft Pecny6uunn r es trpaBo Ha rreperoBopbr,a c Ap)'roft cropoHLl - on sctMr'r u:bpauu llblraJrcs noutruam ynpauucHoii 4e.teraqir.roanflIoqarb org:bnrro MI{p; RorAalr(e Mr.rp c Pa4ofi 6rur nce raKI{ BanJlloueu (9 ([eapanr t9t8 r., no uon. cr.), oH BbrpaBrrJlo$suqiatrno pfanin nporecr. Eqe Ro aroro' Ha aacrbganiu nou{epesqin I lpenpaaa, rpol'BoIIrJIo, Ha rJIaBax y rrpegcraBr.rreneiiqenrpaJlbublx Aep?fiaB,6ypnoe cronxnoselde Me?rtgy Tpoqnin crapaJlcfi sctMu Tpoqnurrr u yxpalrHcnoft generaqiefi" I{eurpanrnoft Pagn n rpaBrrreilbcrno utpa*rra $,rcnpeAlrrl,IpoBarb qJreHoB xon{epeuqitt, orpl{qafi Ba HrIM npaBo roBopltrb or rJraBax rrMerrr{Vnparanu. B orstr na 3ro ynpaIIHIIbI o6pyurulrcb IrporI{B 6onsmenraHos. (IorocJloBubrff aassneuis 6onrruesuxoB, - cIiaBaJI qJreu yr(par{scroit generaqiu M. Jho6llucxift, - o nounoii cro6ogf HapoAoB Poccin - roJIbKo rpy6nft Aeuarorlr.lecrcifi npieu. IIpaBrrleJrbcrBo 6onrurertrxoe, Horopoe paBornaJlo Vvpegratelruoe Co6pauie r omrpaercff roJIbHo Ha mrblrtr naeunoft npacnoit rnapxir, HnnorAa ue pBnurrcfl npoBecrl{ s Pocciu clpaBeAJrrrBble rrplmqrrmr rpaBa Ira cauooupegt,lleuie . . . TourHo nB crpaxa repeg paennrieu naqiOuanrn1lx peBOJIXlqifi 6OmmeB1tt(l1 BBIABIIIIyJIII, co apomgeunofi uu geuarorieft' Ka$ s Pocciu, rax r agtcr, na uuproft (o
_- B peKou{epenr{irr,rearrc rpaBa Harlifi Ha caMoonpeg;Lnerie>. ayarrarlb aroro c[opa rpatp Vepuun cgttan or r{MeHrrr rleHTpaJrbHbrx Aep?fiaraasnneHie,qro oHr4(([prraHarorVHpauncHyroHapoguyro Pecny6nnxy rerrepb cauocriliurrM, cBo6oAHbrM, cyBepeHrrr,rM rocyAapcrBoM,ftoropoe nupart Bafirroqarb caMocroaTeJrbuo r{Hgoronopu>1). repnaqionaJrr,Hr,re Mnpnufi AoroBop,BanrrotreHubrft B ((rbrJryy 6onrvHparanqaMr,r rrreBrrlroB)>, .EBr{Jrcfi yAapoM4;ra uoc.ntgHr{x Ir BbIHyAr{JI r4x I,rATrIHa 6orte ramHis ycnoria. fiatrntfiIuiq co6Hri.E onaaaJrrrcbAJrfl Hrrx eu1e6onfe yrpofi(arourrMr,r: c npr{xogoruutuqer ua Vnpauuy u r ltpr,rm, n oco6enno c rrx ilpoABuxeHienn na ,{on, 6ofisruesuHr.r yolrg'bnu ilepeg co6ofi onacnrrft n'bueqHiii $pour, oxearuaudft nx c rpex cropoH- c Bana4aAo Pocrona. Htr comutnin, qro sc;b arra o6crosreJrbcrBacbrrpailrr r ganrutfirxeu cBorc poJrb B orxoruenisx 6onrnreszcrclrofrBJracryr,vr B qacrnocrr.rrJraBbrttpacnofi Apuir.r, H ynparrucnofiHeaaBucuMocrrr r{ crrJrbaonni.slrr Ha rdx arpeccr{BHyro nporrrBynparrHqeBnoJrrrrr{ny.C gpyrofi cropoHnr,He MaJrocnoco6crnoaara4a.nru'bftureuyoa;ro6neuiroynpauncnr{x Haqiouanurrrx gtnreneft aurr,ryxpanncr{arrroBr{rlis6oilsuresucrcxoit generarlir,re Epecr:b, r{oropafl BoarJraBJrffJracb AByM.EeBpeannr4 JI. TpoqHurvru A. Io{Se. O4norpennenuoc arr.ruu co6urisnru nponcxoAnr nepeutnnr e cocrast yh'.parrHcr{aro npaBr.rreJrbcra.Hosuft Hypc [ocraBr4Jry BJracrrrHoBbreEJreMeHrr,r. IIocnt qerBepraro Vurlrepcaaa [porrcxo4rrr clrfna na6nnera: 6onte yutpennue -B cMbrcJr;B canrocriftHuqecrBa- yHpaltrcHie coq.-neMoxparbr,c B. Blrnuuqeuxo Bo raan:b, yxoAflT, r,r rax urbcro BaHrrMaernau6on{e MHoroqr{cjrenHafi uaprin - ynpauHcHie coq.-peeonrcqiouepbr, c B. lory6onuvenn, s Haqecrs:bnpegcfgarers xa6unera MrrHr4rcrpoB. Brubcr:bc arrru xptnner gyx peanqionno-rroBr.rurrcrrrqecxifi.C rrpognumenieu 6onr,ruesuxos6nume n ttiery, ycrrJrr{Baercq sniqHie Ha ynpar.rHcxyto floJrr4rnr{yBoeHnoii naprir.r. }touenganromropo4a, o6,fl BJreHHaro Ha ocaAHorlr noroxenir.r, HaaHaqaercfl HarraJrburrx ltieeoxaro ((BoJrbuaro HaaaqecrBa)), M. I(osenxo, {urypa oqerib BuAHafl I4 aHTIIBHafl B rrrOBrrHr,rCTCKI{HacTpoeIrHhIX BoeHHbIX npyrax,
LrIpaB-
mt,txponoByropoJrbB rrorpoMHorn gauxeuin ororo rr uoc.nt4yrcrqllx r) IInr. no rin. II. Xpucrrcxa, r. II, crp. i08-112"
76
trepioAoBr). M. Sunr6ep$ap6, 6uuaxo na6nmgarruifi rorga, B KaqecrslL enpeftcHaro Ml,IHrrcrpar{ qJIeHara6nnera, ynpauncnia A:bna, trrlrrrer: Antraceurtcnafl arr{Taqin s Kiesf 6u;ra ran cIaJIbHa,qro Ha aac;bgairin Pansr 20-ro ffHBapfl eionucrcHas (fpanqia sHecila o6 aroM Bafipoc, flpe4narax Pagt o6parutscx x nacelenin co cneqia.rruuu soaasaldeM o lreAorlycrlrMocru naqionanrnofi rpaanlr. Xapartepno to o6ctosreJlbcrBo, tITo oAIrH lre nonrgeft yxpauHcnoft 1) 1\(.ltoaenno, HaHI{ C. fleuropa u B. BnnufiqerHo, 6rra qJIeHoMyfipauu' crofi coq.-AeMoHparuqecnofinaprilL , ) A - p M . S n n r 6 e p f a p 6 , < E n p . u N n u c t e p c r B or r e B p ' a B r o H o u i ss a crp. 60-61' llaetctno, vto VHpanut> (na eep. aauHt), tlag. <@olrnc$epirar>. roJrbr{o IIa aa alrrl{ceMurclitlx He nocra M. Srm6epQap6 orxaaaucfl or cBoero Me}I{Ay aHcrleccoRxo ncntgctnie o6glaro uoupaatuia Eypca, BbIpaBI{BIIIarocfi npoqlrM n apect:b 7 g:renos Pafirr, I'Hp. ntbsl,tx c.-p.' [pIrMHIryBuI'Ix ti 6onr' rueBr{HaM.M. Suur6ep{ap6 6u;r npornB apecra qJIeHoBnapilauesra. 1918 r.) rpl4BoAl{rcff aa[poc' BHeceHHbIIl B <Enp. Mrrcrtt> (JS 7-8' H. CupxuHrrM or Irr{eHI,l cionuctcxolt Qpaxqiu erqe 6 aIlBapE 1918 r" oruocrrreJrbHonprlxaBa o upant x(I4TeJIbcrBa. '(I
c.-A., B. Maproc, BrrcfiaBaJrcfl rrporuB ranoro aoaBaarriR, y[peKEyB craqionanruBrff Mesbllr{HcrBa))B ToM,qro ottu He4ocrarorrrroaneprr{rfiro flo,q[epffirrBamrPagy n ex 6opr6'F c 6ourureBrrxaMrr. Oco6enuo pfaHo oE Bbrcrynr{JrnporlrB <,noroprrft, rro ero cJroBaM,(BeAer nByrurruyro [oJrrrrrrny s oruomenilr Pagrr>l). B peay;rrrart 6rrso trpuH.flro rrocraHoBJrenie,vro6rr soaasauie n nace;resirc Bbr[ycrr.rnficoqia.urcruqecnis {p anqiu. Tanoe s oasnsrrie 6uro ouy6irr,rxoBarro:c o4noii cropoHhr ouo upnabrBaJroEacenenie uo4gep?fiarbPaly B 6opr56 c 6onr,urenunaMr{, a c 4pyrofi fipeAocreperaJro or naqionam,rcrn.recxof,i TpaBJrr.r.B rt gnraoano6neuis u traHr{nr{,RorAaropon Haxo4uJrcffrto4 uetrpepusnbrDl o6crptnou 6omuresucrorr.rxflyilrex, Bo Bpeus noroparo uorra6roH6cxoJrbxocor .renoplbnMr,rpuaronace.leniR,norpouHoe uacrpoenie crrJrbuooSocrprarocs; 6rrru cg'blaurr [affie nonhrrr,irrpaarpoMa enpeiicxux JraBoK. It arouy BpeueurroruocflrcJrnepBbrsrrorpoMHbrfl Bbrcrynnenis <<sirbnux xoBaHoB>[toaexno. Ilpoucxoglrr oprarrtrBoBar{Hoe uauagenie na noutrqenie Coroaa eBpeeB-Bor4rroB rr paBrpoMCorosa. flsr.rntuiiic.sgna o6'acueuin npe4c{AareJrbtrcronsnrelbgaro lroMr;rreraCoroBa,Ioua loronr, 6rln s crbnax fiouesAarypbr erBpcrun y6nr (20 nusapa). r) Cu. <'.DerTolegrafr, J{! 16, or 24 sr.s,1918r.
?8
IV. Pocr axruceru[TuBMan Poccin. - Otsomegie qeHTpanbg6rxop' ranos Cos:bron n Bperuennaro flpaunrenlcrBa' - Otsomeuie yxparlacltoft BJIacrIr' - Boaaeatriq A. Illy.nrrraua' Brruuuenno u Iletnopw. - Boaasasie enpeficxaro reu. cexperaps. - Kounccis - Eeaculie n Eeftno 6opl6t c auapxiefi. - soaslrc uopEAHaD. Tpatnrrer yxpanucxoil BJIacrIl. - Bonpoc o cauoo6opont. Iton{epenqin rorpollrr. Enpeftcnie conAarbl ua Sponrt tr - flpoexr eBpeftcfillx BoIrHcHlIx orpffAoB' Coroaaenpeen-Bol,IxoB. -Orsouresie enpeficHaro Ml{ffrlcrepcrBa; IraAe*rAI;I na <<sinbullx - Bonpoc o camoo6opon;bB eBpeficrou National-Rat'';b' HoBaKoBD. - Sarqr.rruurl4 n Bparrr noopyxeunofi calroo6oponr'r' - Erpeft' cxia gpyxunrr. - Polr eBpeftcxaro MlrlrlrcrepcrBa I 6opr66 c rrorpoMaMu.- HanexAu upoouxqialruaro eBpefcrBa'
nocrenesuo Allrrceuurcfia.E arurarlia u uorpouHoeHacTpoeEie, Poccill, qtnoM pflAf MBcr B I4 Eo rrapocraff He ronbfio Ha lor:b, rlro ce6fr Ha o6parl'IJlr'r rrpr{Hsnr{ rafioii yrpoHaloulifi xapaxrep, Brrr.rlrarnepeBonroqioHHbrxopraFoB Bnacrrl. Iogofo6cHafi T"t"qis mJIa ranlne cpeAn coJl[ar' conyrcrByr paaBany apmru tr Hapocraloqeft AeMopaJrr,raaqilr.Era an'rraqin upunnua s Hlbxoropux ufcrax raxie cepreaurrepaanatpbl'qro' HaflprrMfp' o6uacruoft {pouronuft c'rbag e OAecc6, s ircut t9t7 roga, trocraaruTallilr gln pyccftOft arrTrrCeMr{TCKOii , npoctrrb qenrpaJlblrble opraubr Ho Barrllrrbr rrporl{B yrnererrifl eBpeeBtl). BJracrrrytKe caMr{o6paruau BHr{Marriesa oflacHocrl anrneepeficnofi p aflrrarlin. B xouq6 iroun uepnnft Bcepocciftcrift c'rbagCoslbros Ilerporpagt rrplrnflJr egrrnornacuop;fururefibryn peBonroqircupot) <Esp. )Itftanb)) (exeue4., MocHna) Jii 23, ot 25 inss
1917r'
79
Tr{B auTr,rceMr.rTrioMa, B r{oTopoti uprrabrBaJrBct MlbcrunreCortrrt <sopno crtgrarr Ba Bcflnr{Mr.r npoucnaMr4arrrrrceMnrcnuxrpyntr u arrrTaropoB)),Beerrr npocnttr.rreJr*,Hyro pa6ory cpeAr.rHapoAa l{ o66rqan erpeficnuu HapoAHbrM MaccaM((crarb rpyAbro Ha rrx Barrlr{Tyor Bcrrnrrx[orrbrron Haxr{x nlr6o nacunbcrBenubrxg'bficruifi rrporr,rB enpeer>>1). floante,n oHrR6pro,KorAanorpounoenacrpoenie euie 6onfe ycr,rJrrrJrocr,, I{eurpanruuii llcnomrureJrbHr,lx ltoulrrer Costros rpr{HflJr,nocnt AoHJraAa rrpeAcraBrrrela<, P. A6paMoBrrqa,ptuurenr,nyrc peaoJrroqiro o 6opl6f c uorpoMur,rMABnxtenieu. <. Peaolmr\is ara ranrre penoMeH4yer aopno cn6Arrrb Ba npor{cr(aMr4rrorpoMHbrx arr,rTaropoB rr paaBrrrb auaraqin nporr4B norpoMoB. Itan nonnperHyro utpy U. U. H. Costroe npeAJlolnr4Jrcoagauie oco6brx Houraccift c y.racdeu uaprin, pa6ourx oprauuaaqift, [pegcraBr{reneft enacrlr, n qibnRx <. flpanurenrcrBenubrM noMrrccapaM rrpegocraBJrflercfl B qfnxx uoganneHia u flpeAyrpemgerdn 6eanopxgHor < rr <(noMr4reron> uo 6opr6t
') I{ut. no <Paacrtry>, J\} 1, or 9 i r c r s 1 9 1 7 r . 3)
80
T a u - x e , J G 1 4 ,o r 1 1 o x r n 6 p a 19i7 n. Talr-me. J\! 13, or 4 onra6pn 1917r.
c norpoMaMrr, rd xaxrAbrii IIB nr.rx oTAtJrbHo BbIpaoaTbIBaJIoBon M6pbr. HO n qenrpa.nsnOfi POCCin,HeCMOTpffHa CrrJrbEOeaHTIICeMIITcfioe HacTpoeuie, auruerpeficxoe ABrrrfiegreHe IIpI4HSJIOaHTI{BHaro xapaKrepa IIorpoMoB; r.ran;bcrnurToJrbr{ocepbeBrrbreaftclleccbl, BoBHrrftruie o cermn6p'b n TaM6ost. X{exrgy rtu na mrib, Ha Vxpann'b, rurrpofioe B 9TOBpeMfl saquHarocb ylfie, Kari ur,r nug:bulr, AOBOJTEFTO ncxopf MHoro AecflrKoB IIyHHrrorpoMHoegelrxeuie, saxBaTr4Bruee TOB. flOCran6snenin nerpOrpaACI{IIXOpraHOBBJIaCTII,eCl1r-6rr Oslr n 6rrnu peaJIbHbI,ne lrutau-6bl Boo6qe crlJrbr Ha Vnpann6, 146 BJIacr6. {aHruuecnu g;[ftcrnonana cBo.s, HallioHarbnatr na4 eepeftcnuu nacrariqu n BJlacrrr ynpauncnofi, Orsonreuie - OHaIIbITasuOng:b Onpe46nennoe ueproHaqailbg6 nagelenielr 6rrnO nacb c nnun 6oporbcrr Bc:bMuuurbrclqrauracfly Hefl cpeAcrBaMII,Kalt lbrraJracb Boo6IIIe ocTarroBr{Tbanapxiro r xpa6. 3a utcnq cJrrr[InoM Ao nepBaro Barlpocar Pagt o florpoMax reHepaJrbnbrftcexpetapr A. Illytrrun, r prburnre,rrnrrx no rbnan naqiouanrHbrx MeHbrrrrrHCrB, sosBsaHilr aurraenpeftCnyrc cneqialrnou nrrpameuiax ocyAr{Jr n arlrraqirc. 0ro sogasaHie cn'bgyer crMrarb rrepBbrM nncrynneniem yxpanncHOfi BJracrr{B Borpocf o [olpoMax. 1). Bcl6R Ba arr{M renepalrnrrft ceKperapb no BHyrpel{ruru A:bnau,B. Br'runuseHKo'raH?r{eo6patuncn x ry6epHcnuu n y'bagllblM yRpaI'IEcltlIMKoMlrccapaMc ancrpeuubrM BeneTCg qrrpfiyJrfipOM nO roMy-Eie BOIIpOCy.(>, or 20 onrrdpx 1917roga. florporrr,r Ha Vxpannt 1917-1918.
6
81
lpr{EzMarb p;bmurefibsblf Ml[pu 60pr6u rporr4B ranofi arrmaqir.rr.r 6esquncrs r upucbrJrarb Boopyrfiennyrc oxpaxyl). Xor.a a qrap_ nyaxpt 6nru uoveuy-ro o6oftgenBolpoc o rou, nporrrB xoro 6rro6rrnnonenuoIIorpoMHErs6easfiHcrea,uo 6nrno .BaK)rlranpaBJrelrbr flcrro, qro p:bur nger o eBpeflx. gru utprr 6rr:rn upuuRrn, 6naro_ 4apa rninniro Brrrle-ceKperapiara no enpeficKnlr4lb;ralr. Hfcnonrxo rroBtr{e'a xon6p'[, c soagsaHieM n conAarasrIIo [oBoAy rrorpoMoB o6paruncn r'r c. rleruropa, ren. cenperapb no eoftcnosuu rtnau. <>2). coo6nlan o mtpoupinriax, npnnnuaeMErxnpaBrrreJrbcrBoM, os([lrqios eBp.Brrrtre-cenperapiara (mrruuteru B BuAy raa. (Naie Zaib, opran <) rrncan: <3). Boupoc o norpoMaxHe MaJroBoJrHoBaJr rorga eapeftcHinuaprir.r a o6cyxgatcfl Ha aactgariax National-Rat'a (<<Enpeftcnan lrapoA_ uaa pago) - naqioua;Guaro cos6ra, o6paaoraBrrraroc.E rrprr cexperapiart ro enpeiicxnugfrau rrBnpeAcraBr{reJrer'r naprit. Ha aac6garira 5-ro non6pn 6rrno coo6qeHo,qro renepanrnrru cexperapiarou, conu:bcrHoc enpeftcruu cenperapiaroM,rrpuHnMarorcssct utpu n raxasa'iro BrHoBHbrx,qro unorie arrrrarop'r Ir yqacrHuntr rrorpoMayffie apecroBaHbr.cor.nacso uocraHoBJrerriro aroro eact4arin, renepanbulrft cenperapr no enpeffcnr,rug.[naM, M. Bnnr_ 6ep$ap6, BbrnycrnJrenerlianrnoe aoaanasiex erpeftcnoMy r{ace;reniro. vxaaurar, qro BofiHa [orpoMoB, SaxJrecrrryBruafl pfiA enpeficxnx ropoAoB lr MtbcreseH,flBJrffercspeaynbrarou o6qeii auaprir.r,oxsarusmeftcrpauy, soaasanieroBopr,rr : , J\i 1, or 15 non6pa 1g17r. 3) d{aie Zaitr>, J\! 85, or 23 onrn6pa 1917r.
82
ocraJrbnbrx o6nacr.sx Poccilt nrbr s tracronqift MoMeIrr rrepgofi rocyAapcrBennofi snacrv u Bo MHorIlx nltcrax [poJrr{Baercn He M a J r oK p o B r { r, o H a V H p a l t n l b B J I a c r b r B e p A a u n p o q H a . A a r a BJracrb crpeMrrrcff a4ter sc;bil{n cIrJIaMrl rapaurt{poBatr, u o6eafleqr.rrb rropfiAon lr cnoHof,rcrnie gnn nctx Hapo4nocreii, naceleuepanrnnit Cexpetapiar rnepgo p;buull Jrflroulnx VHpanny. Ee Aorrycxarb Ha reppldropiu Vnpauubr Hunanrax 6easuucrs u 6earroprAr(oB . . . He repnftre roJlbno My?r(ecrBa,rparr{Aalre-enpeml)' Tan ouruurrcrlrqecnu 6rrnu rorga HacrpoeHbr eepeficnie g'barenu' Cpegu u;bp, npe4upl,IHflrbrx yxpar{HcrirrM rlpaBrrreJlbcrBoM [JIfi no4annenin 6eauopngxor, otm:btrau fipoenr < () gnn 6opr6rr c auapxieft na Vnpar.rurb, Horopoe AoJrlr{Ho 6rruo cocraBrrrbcfi trl upe4cranrare,lleft cerpetapiara BHyrpelruux gtn, BoeHHaro, naqiona;u'nblx Bllqe-cexperapiaron u rrpe4cranurerefi o6rqecmeHnnrx opranuaaqifi. <<PaapocrarculascHIra Vnpamt anapxia, - roBoplrrcfl B rILIpKyJIapt, paaocuarruoMB arrr afgoucrna ilo rroBoAy rrpoexra, - rIoMI{Mo fioApblBa aBToprlTera BJracrrr, fl BJIflerctr rar{}Ke $aHtopolr, paapyilanqlrM MIrpHoe co?I{I{reirbcrBo lraceJlsmqrrx Vxpauny EapoAuocrefi il so MHorrIx cJryqasx npuql,rut{er lreflonpaBlrMnrii npeg lrHrepeca[l uaqioHallnnrx Tanaa xoulrccis (>)uo 6opl66 MeHbrxrrHcrn>>2). c aHapxieii 6una gtitcrBrlreJlbuo yqpex{AeHa,Ho oHa n o6n1eu oHaBaJracb6eag:LarenrHoft n Hu s xaxoii uipt ne noeilisra ua cygl6y rrorpour{aro gnlrmenin n Hpa6. B noa6pt u 4exa6pt 1917 r. gnu:nenie nprrnflJlo eqe 6on6e rur,Ipoxili, utu npexrge, xapanrep. [aBarr Ha aactAauin 14 gena6pn, Bo BpeMfl socrlrofi ceccirr ldeurpanruoft PaArr, orqer o qfnre.rtuoctit enpeiicHaro ren. cenperapiara, M. Snlr6epi[ap6 ynaaail, HaFi rluoro cII"u Ir eueprilr 6u.no ceHpetapiaron norpaqeHo ua 6opr6y c rorpoMaMlt lr o6parr.urcn H Pagt c rrpnBbrBoMflprrcoeAlrnl{rbct{ fi arofi 6opr6t. Ho yHpauncnoe npaBrrreJlbcrBo, oqeBuAuo, ne s cfiirax 6brno c arr,rMgruntenieu 6oporr,ca, rama 6oponocb c HIIM HeAocraroqrro BneprutlHo. B cantr.rii paarap aHapxiu n Hpa'b rl 6es'rtlucrB HaA eBpeffMlr B. BlInnuseHlio BasBIrJr na aac'bgarrin rofi-nte socbMofi flBJlaercfirerlepb oallrrcoM uopflAKa). ceccirrPagr,r,uro <, J\i 50, 1 O 1 1 F s ) T a n - E r e , a x o g .J \ ! 3 1 , noniR npoexra (EapaAaDgur 6opr6rt c arapxiefi. 6f
83
Korga-xe enpeftcxrauunpelcraBr{reJrsMrreuy 6rr.no yraaarro Ha BoJrEyerpeficnr.rxnorpoMoB,oH orpanr4qlrrcsors:broM,qro (rrnor4a uaelbcris o norpoMax flBJrflrorc.fiupeyBeruqeHHlrMtrr, u nycrofi cnyvaft rngaerc.fi Ba rrorpom). B oretr Ha Bropuquuft aaupoc s Manofi Paxt o trorpoMax,B. Bnunu'{euno cxaaan: <. B uastcrnor{ currcn6 arbpno6r,rnoyxaaauie,uro paautpu rrorpoMuarogelrrxeuin rrnorAafipeyBefiuqr4BaJnrcb, r{ax Mbraro eugtnr. Ho r raxoM orn;br:b rnasEr [paBvrTenbcrBaeBpesMqyAuilocb npoan,reuie paaHoAyrxHaroornonrenis K rrorpoMubrM oncr{eccaM.Ftorga 6rrn nnecen nepnrrfiaaupoco ilorpoMax,28nor6pn,reuepaJrbHlrft cexperapb uo roftcnosulr gtnau (r. e. noennnft unulrcrp) C. Ilertropa cHaBaJr: <l). Tanoft crlJrbry yxpauucxofi Biracrrr, oArrano,He or{aaaJrocb. Bnocs n cpegrant gena6pa ntoplruurrft Banpoc a Pagy o rorpoMax, npeAcraBr.rreJrr, ciouuctcnofi {panqilr, H. Cnrpnun,cKaBaJr : <>Tor-?r{enpeAcraBrrrenrcioHr.rcroBnr{caJr: <2). Ha rou caMou aact4aniu PaAr,r,r4t r. I -E"p. lf ncarl ilt 3, 1917
g) (Der Telegrafr,
J.ll 27, or 22 teH. J9i7 r.
84
-
EaaBaJrVrpalrny (oaarrcoMrropffAfiat, flpegcraBurenb Br.rnnu.reurco <Eyngal BrrecfipegJroxenieo uplrunrilr rrpaBnrenbcrBoM aueprnqunrx utp AJrfl noAaBJIeHiaanapxiu n Hpat rr JrrrKBrrAaIIiunorpouHaro ABr4lneuin.Itorga n Tapanq;b,Ifiescnofi ry6., uavancfl norpoM, erpeftcxie o6rqecrrennrregtareru s ltieets o6parraaucr, L7 AeHa6pn,H ry6epucnoMyKoMr.rccapy ror CanunoBcxouyBarroMorrlbro; ornibrlrr, qro ((e?fiegueBHo floryqaer MaccyreJrerpaMM o florpomax, Ho [oMoqb He Moxter,TaK Ka]cy nero Htr Heo6xoglruoftsonucxoft cr{Jrbr)).To xte caMoe orslbran rr Haqarbnrln yxparrHcnoft gacrrl, reuapaJrBoryc;raacnifi,n noropouy eupeftcHie npegcrarureJrrrrorAa o6paru,rlrcrl). rr HeAocraroqHocrbrrpaBureJrbcrrennarxutbp Eeacrarie BJracrr4r vacrr [pr,rBeJrrr enpeftcHnxgtarereft n MlrcJrrro BoopyrfieHnoficauoo6opou6. Ho B aroMnoupoc:bcpe4r,r eapeftcnuxuaprifi He66rJro egr,rnogyruin.Bnocs s Honqt non6pr or lrMexrrr ciosr.rcrcnoft{pa*qiu aanpoc o [orpoMax, I. IIIexruaH rprl arou BaflBr4n:< C. flernrcpa, B cBoeM orB:brrF, nnrcnalalrcfr B rrpr4urlr.r[6 aa eapeftcitin gppnurlr, o66ulafi Hponrt roro B sar.r6onte yrpo?r{aeMtrx utcrax paautularr cron ((HaAe?r(Hr,rfl souxcnis qacrr.r>. OguaHo, nporr{B trpeAJro?r{eniscioHrrcroB Bbrcryflr{Jrrrryr-rfie e Palt Jrr{AepEreapeitcnlrx coqianncrnqecrirrx uapriii. flpegcranlrre"trr <,NI. Pa$ec, HarueJr,qro oco6uq enpeiicrdn eorrucliis vacrlr 6;*tryr roirbno cuoco6crnosarr, trorpoMaM, a il{. Illaq-Aurru, or rr}reHrr <<06'e4lruenuLrx)), BasBtrrJr, qacrrr ((nporrrB sro ranirr oco6rn rrurepecoB rr BoJrr4HapoAa). B Tou-rfle cur,rc,nt Blrcliaaar'rcfi Aa?ne ilpeAcraBureJrb 6onte yutpeunoft
85
rorAa Ha M&crax HenpowroftrapaHriefi oKaBaJMcbo6paBoBaHHLre oxpauubreorpflALrran HaB.<. Hena4emnocrbynparrHcnux qacrefi npunera rorna opraunaaqiro CoroaaeBpeeB-BorrHoB K MbrcJrrr o caMocroflreJlbuou {opruuponanilr erpeftcxr,rxBorrucnlrxApylrfl{H. Vqacrus[isc.a uacuuis nporr,rB eBpeeB,scnrrxnynurin cpaBy n pngt u:bcr, artenaJlr{orpoMnoe noa6yrxgeuiecpeAu enpeficxlrx coJrAarpyccxoft apuira, HaxoAr4Erur4xcffna ([pour6. Xapanrepuoft B aroM currcr:b .flBJrffercrrpeBo{roqis nporecra, npr.rHsranua co6pania trpeAcraBureneftcoJrAar- rorna, fior4a gnumenie roJrr,Ho eBpeeB10 ntxoruoft Ausuaird, HaqrdHarocb. <3). r) Apxlro Coroaa eBpeeB-Bor{xon, Houia flporoxoJla co6pauin eBpeficxrx npeAcraBurenetr 10 n;bxorn. guar.rBiu,or 9 onra6pn 1917r. tr{e Ap}Toro AoKyMeHra n apxrn:b BrlrAEo,.rto r 10 ntxorsoft gunuaiu raxo4ulocr 500 eBpeeB-coJrAaT. 2)Tau-xe. 3) Talr-xe, ronis nunucrl{ I{B Irporolioaa aactAasia 4uars. HoM[Tera 10 ntxorn. qlrnnaiu, or 14 orra6ps l9l7 r. Ho 6uaaatl u o6patuue cJlyqau, xor4a o6uleapueficria opraRuaaqin orlrecJlllcr paBuogytuno H enpeftcntlu 669-
86
Bonpoc o ru&pax6opr6u c rorpouaMrrcepbeBuo aauffJrBlrr{Manre uepuoft ronipepeuqir Corosa eBpeeB-BorrHoB, nporrcxogr.rBrueit s ltient t0-13 onra6pn L9L7r. <. p B caMbrx rxrrponr{x paeutpax, camoo6oponhr arro 6 o o n rr opraHnBoB Hofi, Buyruarcqefix ce66 cepbeeHoe ornoruerde>1).B erou currcnrb u 6rrno rpurrflro non{epeuqiefi nocranosnexie. Ilpoexr aror He pas o6cyxgaJrcflB pflAax Coroaa. Ha utcrax-rfie B aro BpeMflyrne rroprrAnoMenpeficxin Apyfirr.rxrr. Haqailr o6paaonrrnarbcarrBorrrrbrM Bonpoc o Boopylr(ennoitcauoo6opout crar oco6esRo ocrpo uocnf orcrn6pr,cxaro[epeBopora, riorAa Maocbr<2). flpolraouregruiii npra6nrrotrreJrrr{oB aro BpeMfi rperifi apueficrift rlo trpegc'tag XI apuirr, rax?r(ecrossurertna Vnpalrnf, BbrpaBrrJrr ;roxenirc AeJreraraor enpeficxofisoennoft opranuaaqir, n oco6ofi crsisn: tan, uanplrlrbli, na c'tagf pyMbIIIcHaro{poura upegaoxeuie npoTecroBarr rrporrrB fiorpouoB 6rruo ncrptveuo floltsblu uorqauieu. Cu. rDor l'elegraf>, l9l2 r., Ni 26, or 2t gexa6pn, nl{c6uo B peA. A-pa llluuruxa. 1) Talr-;He, nporonorrbrxonrpeperqiuCoroaa,eaerbgauie 12 oxrn6pn 1917r 9to6lr.rraxon{repeirr1irreBp.coJI[aTroro.sa[aAIraro{ponra. 2) Tau-xte, peaoarcuia eBpetrcfiax corrEar 12-oit ntxorxoft lusnsiu. or 7 gexa6pa 1977 r.
87
(CBfirbrlIAOJIpeBonroqiucBoftnpoTecrnpoTIrBrlorpoMoB,npr{BHaB geuonparir yuacrie cauoo6opout, r nplrHnrb peBoJrroqionnoft roM opraurrByeMofteeperulr)),HaxoAfi Tafi?fietfieJrareJlbubluo6paaonarde orgtnrnrrx eupeficnuxvacreitl). Itopnycrufi nounrer 5-ro Cu6llp: < Ho Aus nnanou;bpnol'topranraaaqiuorpa4or cauoodoponbrrpe' 6oeailacr otf{uqia,nsuas canHr{is. Iapnuaonnoe co6panie eBpeeBBor{HoB e ltiest urbcxonrnopas [pEHI4Manoo6 aroMrrocraHosfieHie (r nonqt onra6pa r r gexa6pf). Ha co6paniu 2L'ro gena6pn rroItiescnarorapuuaoHaocy[I{JII{,opraul'IsallisCorcaa ocraBJlnetaa co6on cro6ogy gtftcrnifi, r. e. upaBo eBpeeB-BorduoB caMocroflreJrbHaro {oprruponaHin orpngor3). I'I n6ficrenreJrbuo, ncnopf, 30-ro geHa6pn,n }tien;b ornpblJracbBropaff xon([epenqin Coroaa,na xoropofi 6rr.irnrrpa6orau ycraB o coagarir enpeficxux Apyfiil.rH.Vcras aror, IIoA naaaarieu , qecrrl u Aocror,IucrBa,E{rrBrrI{tr IrMyIrIecrBa o6paaou: <
BE
B r(anux BrIAax floJrldrlrqecfiofi lr Me]fiIraqiouanrnofi 6opr6u, nocxoJrbfty rar(OBarrHe yrpoxaeT ?fiuaur{n 6narocOcro.grirc erpeftcHarO nacenenis>>. Orpnqb,I cocroflr LrBHagpa' KyAa BxoAflr oonAarn [titcrBrrreJlbr{ofi clym6rr, Ho HeroAHbIeK crpolo' u rra peaepBa-AobpoAgalrig. B OrnOUregill BbICIuaI6 HOMaIIBOJrbrIeB,irrrq He-BOeHHarO gonauin orprAhr AoJIlItHbrHaxo4rrrbcfl ra o6qux ocHosaHisx c [poqnMn qacrflun noficH I rlplr BbIcIleM xoMaEAHoivrcoctae:b oHpyroB AoJrrnr{brno g6nam orpsAoB eepeftcxoft calroooopoubl HaxoAl4rbcff rpe4craBr.rrenu Corcaa eBpeeB-BoI{HoB;Boopy}xenie, AoBofllcreie, o6nrynglrponanie enpeftcxie orpngu troryqalor ua o6rqux ocHoBaui.sx c gpyurMlr BolrHcrillMrr vacrnuul). c ATIIMIIIIJIaEnpeficxOe Mr{HrroreporBofiBHOne 6rrnO C0IJIaCHO cexperapiar uo >. <<}Iu EiAarb }ie }torirll, - cKaBaJIoH, - rr opraHlrBor ) A p x r a C o r c a a e B p e e B - B o I { I r o B 'n p o c r T n o n o x t e n i so 6 o r p a g a x e a p . cauoo6oponu. ,) Tau-xte, uarepia:ru AJIffraB, <). s) ltafi nar:bcrno, <\Ilruucrepcrno no enpeilcxllu Etnau> TaH crano rlueaBroHosoBaTbcarErrrB B xnsapt 918 r. (nocnt BaHoEao Harl.-nepcoEaJlbHoft g no <,a n gena6p:b . I,In qacto gua ygo6crna nosltvasin sagblBaeMero fiparno: (eBpeuCKOE MIIBIICTEDCTBO)).
89
BaJrrrIJrfl rpe[orBparqeHirr trorpoMa B rtieBt eBpeficxyro BouHqro ranie orpn4br Aon?fiHbr cxyro caMoo6opony;MbrrroJraraem, oprannaoBarbcRno scefi Vnpanu6. Mnr crorautrepeAotracuocrbro,qro gousofi uocnopo nporuer {pour r{ BaJrberocrc Vnpar.ruyr{poBaBoft rpoMoB)> . . . flporun ororo ilpeAJromerisp6mlrrensuo BErcHaBaJrEcb sct nxo4lraruir rorAa B National-Rat enpeficxia naprir (ciouncm,r n napriu npaete lrx B aror nepiog s National-Iiat, ue nxognau). flpegcraurreur sameJr,qro (orpflAbrcauoo6opoubrotracnlr jIJrfl caMfix eBpeeB,rra urrx co3AacTcff noBarrBoeHHasKacTaI,I qTo BbraoByr aHrrrceMrrrcxyro ourr rpaBnro). llpegcranurenb (IloaJreftrrro I{ioo HarueJr, onr{ Moryr Aarrie (trpoBorlupoBarb trorpoMbrt r! rrro Hy?nubrnrurr o6qie cmturauune souncfiie orpffAhr c npeo6nagaHiem eBpeeB. B rou-xe Ayxt BbrcnaBaJrucb r[ trpeAcraBrrreJrr{ < u . A npegcraBrrrenbMrrfirrcrepcrBatro erp. 4ttau, ?I. Xyprulr, HameJr,qro < < x y A r u i iut a n a n i a r r { B o B B 6 o p t 6 6 c r o r p o M a M r ( B r o B b r g 6 u eni e o c o 6 brx en p e fi c x lr x o r p rrAo 8. . . Cntgyer o6paaonarr rpax4ancxiff Apyilrr.rHbr rr AJrrrororo Molnno rrcuonbBoBarb r{rrcrr.rryr BinrHoro rioBaqrBaD... B coorn:brcmino orura6rrra rrpr{Hflra peaolroqia, qro , }&}{i 53 w 5'), or 15 u 20 ron6pr 191?r. 2) Ilporoxonn National.Rat'a, 7 - o e a a c ' b g a n i eo, r 4 4 e x . 1 9 1 7r .
90
nuruer raa. (Naie Zait>, - pacilpocrpallffercn trooroMy fioaylrr oo o6paaonaniz erpeftcxzx 6atauronos, noJIKoB u Ansnaifi, I'I Tor[a (roropnr congatrr) nepecrauyr 6pocatrcn HaMrI or ynpar'firlleB n pyccnrru r uao6opor, a rJlaBrroe- TorAa MbI cMo?rteMcoocrBelrrrbrMrlrcuJla*rn 6oporrcq [poTLrB [OTpOMOB)).HO'- BOSpaffiaeTrasera, orpaffiaff BBTJIITAIIilrbsr.rx naprifi - ((oro npltnecer 6onrme BpeAa, .r:bu nonrau, u6o eneoser crrJlbHblfftpenia MetfiAy enpeficnrrMrr coJIAaraMII II l\IefiiAy ueenpefiCnurtn lr O6Iquu nacenerriemll). flpe4cranurenlt il:bsrilx re'Ienift croxJII{ Ha rofi rosn& aptnin, vro rrorpoMhr ecrr 6tgcrnie ne tonrxo espeftcHoe' a floroMy Bcfl Aen a4tcr n;br utcra cneqianrno monparia AoJItr{Ha6opotscn c HtrlMlrt, 2). Peao.lroqin coqia.ilucrrasecxoftifpaftI{iu erpefi cHoit cauoo6opou6 aa Hou{epenqin corcaa eBpeeB-Bol'ruosKiescHaro oxpJma lraBblBaer u4ero eepeftcxux naqionaJrBubrx BoeHHbIx Sopruuponanift <mosunuqTOATOTrrfiarr aateuntsieM yMOB)) CTlrrreCHrrM I peaOnroqin HaxOAIIT, BJIacrb Be4er Horopyrc 3). crossude ea erpeftnpyryo roqny ep6nin Ban{ulqafiI'I ciouucrrr, pr oco6enno n qflax 6opr6u crdn sor.rncriir {opuupoaauir noo6qe nporrrB rrorpouoB. <, l(i Jli 54 n 55, 191?r. , ct, M, Har1a. 2) Cp., uanpirutp,peaolroqip na c'6sA1beBpeeB'conAar7 aprvrir'r,23 noa6pn rla66gcrair norpoMoB uro nxltuaEie, ro <. Cru. , JG 66, or 30 xoa6pn 19t7r. 3) Tant-;re. J\! 6, 1918. Cu. rarxe r N! 8, 1918r'., crarLq A-pa B.Cerana . r ) < D e r T e l e g r a f > , . | f t 1 1 , o r 2 9 a o n 6 p a 1 9 1 7r .
91
rraxoAr.rrcrr Ee Menbrrre 400 rucs*eBpeeB, raenpeftcrro nupar:b rpe6osarr or cgoux cr,lnosefiBarqtrTrrt,rrr{caJrrnagnlrft aaqurnun arofi uler{ B crarrrb l).flpyroft uo6opunn eroft ra4ezeule 6o;r6e Bor,rEcrBeEHo rpe6onan erpefiutux (fopuuponaniii:, cr. Haxropa o cauoo6opon;bs Jl! 14, or 4 4en. 1917 r., n ero-?fiecra?6f <Enpeitcxie rrorrxr{) s J$J\i 26 rl 27. r) Tau-xe, flucruo n pegarqiro g-pa Illuuxuna, r Nl 26 or 21 gen. 191?r. 3) , ,li! 4, 1918, eannneuie II. XypruHa.
92
peaJrbgofi
BOeHHOIIi CI{JIIiID, HacraHBaJI Ha ((cpOqHOM yrBep}nAeHil't
rpoeHra (nofioE(euinnonifepeHrliu eBpeeB-BorrrrpeAcraBJrfeMaro HoB), Kaft eAI4HcrBeHI{of{ Arfi
IIpaBr{TeJIbcrBeIrHof
BJracrI{
p e a J r r , H o friu t p u 6 o p r 6 r r c n o r p o M H o f t B o r H o f t B A a H r r b r f i MoMeHr) (
93
ilrtrrraB Ogecct, Ha xoropofi MbrnoBlr{eerqe ocrauoBnMcfl.B Enarepranocnarrb cyqecrBoBaJron:bcxonrHo ApyE(r{H- rtpu rpex enpeficru.rxcoqianncruvecxr{xuapriax z nplr Corca'benpeen-nonuon. B u. Jlyrunrr, Boarnrcxoft ry6., rpfi rroBropuoMuorpou:b, 8 aunapa 1918 r., copranrraoBaJracb erpeiicxan cauoo6opoua,Horopan ornpbrJracrpfnl6y rro rpoMrrJraM, rrprr atolr u:bcxorrno .reuosabx 6uno y6nro, u:bcnonrno paueno. Idtnuft pflA MeJrHuxenpeftcnlrx ApyEruH,uo t0 .rerostx o gpyxuaarb,coprannaoBaJlcflAJItraaxILIrhI or rrorpouoBg Saclasflrctou yta46, Bonuncxoi.iry6.1). Erpeftcnaa Ipyx{r{Ha ocnoBaJracb,a Honqt L977r., rafi?fie s lononanescftab, flogourcxoft ry6., - utcreunrb, nnocntgcrnilr, n 1919 r., rpocJraBr{BrueMc.s csoefi caMoo6oponoft,rra qeM eule upiii4ercrr B AaJrbn'bftureuocraHoBr{rbcs.Bo BpeMrrrrorpoMaa Honorpag-Bonnucxrb, 20-23 rrHBap.E, Bbrcryrr4rJra enpeficHaaApy'fiuua, so rnas:b c uoMOrrIHr,rKOM r(OMeHAaHra, Xpr{CTiarrrrHoM, vr
yCMIrpI{JIa
IIOrpOM,
y6us 2 yqacrur.rnoBuorpouaz). Bo rpemn flHBaplcnr{x co6brrift B eepeftcHifi Epaqnaaf, flogolrcxoft ry6., rannrorr{ecopraslrBoBancn orpflA. A-sanorlr.rnbrfiorpng cifopuuponaJrcflrorga me n coc'bgrrorpoMBo BpeMfi ueu HeuupoBlbrr, gtftcrnnrerbno, upeAorBparrrJr spMapnr,r19 annapa, paBorraB aucrp*nalru sJroyMbrruJreuHrrnoB, nprr aroM oArH qilefi orpnga 6u;r paneus). B N{axapon6,ItiencHofi ry6,, xorga roJruaxpecrbnn Bo BpeMflspMapfinHaraJIa,21,non1px L9L7t., Ha enpeficHiffJraBr{rrrr craJraux rpa6nrr, oHa BcrptrllJra ortrop co cropoHbr rpy[trbr u:bcrnr.rx.eBpeeB, flpu aroM n6cnoJrbnoeBpeeB6rmo rsme.ro paneuoa). Taxnx orgtnrnnx cnysaes 6rmo rre MaJro,Ho rflrrponaropacrpocrpaHeuincauoo6opoxa xapanHe nofiyqura rr He rrocrlJrannanomtpuaro, oprar{rraoBaHnaro repa. C nacrynuenieM noshrx co6rrrir:iua Vnpannt, oco6enr:oc 6rrnlt paaopytfieHbI; [plrxoAoM urbnaqen, urrorin enpeficxia ApyE(LrHbI n'bnoropua-?fieApyxtltHbr,fiaH yrrrArrmrrrrxre,6n;rn paaopyrfienbl 6offi ruenucrcnlrMIr qacr.flMr. poirb B upournogtftcrnir,rnorpouau uyrelt o6paOsenr,Ba?fiEyro 1) Cu. <>,or 21 gera6pa 1917 r, t) Apxus peAaxqiu (i919 r.) coo6n{.o Honorpafl-Bornncrrb O. Catprnna" 3) Tan-xe, orqer o Bpaqrant (lra naarepiaroBeBpeftcnaroMtrIrlrcrepcrBa n Hanreueq-flo4oarcrt 1919- 1920r.). ') Apxun eBpeftcHaro Mrrnucrepctra ( 1 9 1 7 - t g t 8 ) , A o u e c e u i eu B Manapona, norvq. q4-ro uon6pa tgt7, ,l& 126.
94
n1euifl n BJracr.sMcbrrpaJroeBpeftcKoe Mr.rHrrcrepcrBo. Co cpegunBroxra6pa 1917 rona B Br.rqe-cenperapiar no erpeftcnlru g'bnau craJrrrrcrexarbcfi co sctx BaxBaqeurrbrxancqeccauu urrw yrpoffiaeMbrxrryuxroB xano6rr, npocr6rr rr Aa?fierpe6oaauin o aacrynunqecrst. 9ucilo o6parlenift n non6pf r 4ena6pdBHaqrlreJrbuo Boopocno.,{'bnremnocrr eapeftcnaroMuHucrepcrBa B gfnt 6ops6rr c norpoMaMrrBbrpaonJracb B o6paqerdax H paoruqHhrMopranau BJIacrr{rrnr{ B cyne6Hbrrrnncrauqilr o upunnrir lrFp: x qenrpanruoft - o trpr{Hfiriu o6qrax u6p n nocu,nHf oxpaHlr, ft flpoxyBJracrr.r popy cyge6uofi nanarn (n:ra aoenno-onpy?fiEorocy4a) - o <1).Tanoe 6rril orefr ry6epncnofi r,runuqinua rpe6osanie opraua, urparcqaro poJrbMrrHrrcrepcrna! Eepeficxoe Mr.rHr{crepcrBo rrbnaJrocr rrprrnr{Marr n 4pyrin n'[prr: ono arrpa6orbrBa.Tro BanouorrpoeHro soaM:buleninBa cqer r) A p xu n e np eft cn ar.o Mr.rEr{ cr ep crB a, orHorrrenierancnexropa Mr.rJr[qiu Hiescx. ny6. or 22 s,on6. 1917 r. Orn'Fr enp. Mr4rrrcrepcrByrroArrrrcaE Aalr(e Ee ltEctteliTopou lnt;rrnlil, a efo rroMotual{rioM- . -
95
rocyAapcTBa y6brTrioB, npuquEesHr,rx Bo BpeMfl norpoMrrbrx aHcqeccoB, Ho MbrcJIb ora [Br.r]fieHiff ne roryrllrna. Pom uunrcrepcTBa He orpaHr4qrrBaJracb,oAHaHo, oTrrMu o{{lrqiamubrMr{ rJr,rcTyn.nenisun lr ofi{onreEiflMrr; He rtente Ba}fiHo 6uuo ,tr,wnoesosAtftcrsie cross[rux Bo r.[as'b ero Jrrru Ir JIr,rAepoBeepeftcnlrx coqiaJrrrcrrrqecnrlxnapriit roo6ule Ha pynoBo4urereJi yHparancxoii rroJrrrTunrr B g;bnt aarqrlrnr enpeficnaro HaceneHia. Tan, rro BceMy BrrAHo, qro Mrrcflb o6 < 6naa r{Hc[uprrpoBaHa lrMrr, Hari r{ naan o6 ltncrnrytt I{HcTpyHropoB trprr Mr{Hrrcrepcrnt nuyrpeunux grbn gln 6opr6nr c auapxieft. BupoqeM, Hafi <>, xafirrM peBynbTaTaMHe npr.rBeJII{. Oruoilrenie npornnqianrnaro enpeitcrBa, BaxBaqerrnaro aHcIIeccaMrd, K enpeftcxouy MI{HrIcrepcTBy 6blro, B o6[IeM, gontp.runoe. lluorga [oxoAnJro Ao l{ypbeaoB. Tax, nanpnutp, xtrrreJrrru. MaxapoBa, ,fiaJlyffcb Ha cBoero EaqaJrbHuxa unirnqiu, nrlilryr, rITo ((oE Aorrr.rMaerM'bcre.rxo no6opaulr; paubllre AJrflHero u t0 py6reft 6uan Mouerofi, reflepb [olaBafi euy 100 py6., lr 0roro eMy MaJro)).<...1). Ho ue ec:b rax HauBI.IopearlrpoErpeficnifi o6qltnnrrft HoMI{rer u. MRcrxorxlr, BaJrrrHa nacuris. flogonrcHoir ry6., nepexrdB paa rlorpoM I{ ornr4Aaflnonropenin, o6paqaercfl n eupeftcHoe MlrlrllcrepcrBo c npocr'6oft I BbIcJIarbI{eMeIJreHHoBoopy'fieHnyro oxpany lra 20 qeflostn, aartu (ynaBarb rrau, rgt uu Mornrr 6rr na HaIxH Aeubrlt upio6ptcrn neo6xo4uuoe qucfio opyrHia, .Iro6H paegtnurr Me?r{Ayrrbltlr, rro cnoco6es Hocrrrb ero)), a rar{me nprrcJrarE,ilponypopa nJIff rIporIBBoAcrBacn'bgcraia u o6rrcxa y rpour{Jr uarpa6ueuunrx nerqeftz). B o6pauleniax H enpefi crrouy MrrHr.rcrepcrnyncrprb.ralorcfl Ir nupaxeuiR ptanaro ueAoBoJrbcrBaorpr.rrlareJrblrblMorHolxeuiena n {opuzpoaanin enpeftenpeficnifi nopruoft ue cxrrx orprr4oB. F(arioii ro < B odilprpuoM l{ o.reHb xapaxreplrorn uucru:b clpaurlrBaer:
96
rrbre rrnrepecbr Ha VHpaunt ? . . 9ro onu ce6:b nyMaror, cHAt ): ce6n s na6uuerax, B To BpeMfl,xax enpeficfioeHacenenierepnnt rpa6exr n rm4rBsrelrrcrBaor 6aug geaeprrrpoB-uorpouqlrnon? Itro ryume Mo?fierBatrIrrrr{rborlroB, uarepeft, 6parren r{ cecrep, stM CoroaeBpeeB-Bor{Hos ? . . . lI ecnu-6rr Mbr tftAaJlrrtroMonllror PaArr, ru:lcro roro, uro6br opraur,raoBarrcauoo6opony, rrorpou rrpogoJr?fiaJrcs-6nr eule, Rafi gto 6rrro B ocranbrrbrx urbcrevxar>1). MuHr{crepcrBo, V o6rrnaren.sr{prrJracberqearFpa,vro enpeficHoe National-Rat n enpeficnin pyxonoRsqis uaprir uoenu-6w, upw npaaranr,uoilnauir uore4eniR, noegfficrroBarb Ha uaupannenie yHpanucxoitrroJmrr{Hrr s oruorueuiuerpeficnaroBotrpoca.Ho ganrseocuoB stfiurift aran enpeftcro-ynpar{rrcnr{xornomesisx troKaBaJI BaTeJrbrrocTb ETr.rxHaAeE{[. 1 ) A p x u n e B p e f t c x a r o M n u r r c r e p c t B a , trr{crMo
Ilorpour,rna Vxpannt tgtT --1918. 7
97
v. Vxpannuaaqia aprrrin ll lrcxnroseuie eBpeeB. - Ilepnue yrrpauEcnie goftcxosxe lranpEr; Jrarepr Pamrar n leplrauiu. Eoryncxiit nolx. Boenfifinosenie
C npu6nuxenien no66Au 6onrruesraua ynpar{Hr{Lr Bct r.rage}ftABr BO3.rrOtKufiI4 Ha aKTr{BEOeEaqioHafibHoe ConpoTrrBJrerde rr Ha oCTaBmiffcfl rru BtpnbrMn saerr,r )mpafiHcnoft apuiu. ItaH ncerga Bo BpeM.E BoftIrf,r Ir BoeHHo-EaqioHafi[crr4qecKaroHypca, Jrerfio potnAaJrucb uogoapfuin s yilpenu e (rlaMtulb>>. B sror uepiog uaVxpaunt ouep'rmaxe Bbre no.rrBrrJrrrcb r1F ABa o6BllHexin nporun eBpeeB, noropbrfl cLrrpaJrHTaKyro por{oByro poJrb, Haft rroBoA6rx [orpoMa![: (EBpen - Bparu Vxpanurn, <eBperr- Ha croponrb 6ourureBr{noB)). }torga B cpeAr.rH;b suBapfl 1918 r., Bo BpeMfl AeBflroft ceccin I{eurpa.nruofi Pagu, eBpeficfitrMn trpegcraBr.rrenffMrr 6rrn crona troAusr Bonpoc 06 axcrleccax, eBpeeB B orBlbr o6Bnntrfix B yxJrorreuir.r or yqacrifi B apuiu. Or erpeen [orpe6oBaJru, 111066roHR (AoHaBaJrr cBoro rrpelanHocrb yxparscKoft pectry6nmrlbD a (orMerfieBaJrtrcb or 6onbmeBunoBD,saflBrrB o6 arou n cneqianrnoM aoassardn. Jllr4ep
98
ytrpen eBpesM,rrro oEn cTofiI B cTopoHt B To Bperfi, r(orAaEyrrmo Baquqarb Vxpalruy. (Dopmanrnoyrpex Mor KaBarbcfltrpaBr.rJrbubrM. B yxpauncnoft apuiu eBpeeB,gtftcrnurenbno, rre 6rmo, rar ue 6rruo, BrtpoqeM, Eufioro us Har{iosarbubrx MenbrunrrcrB.Ho aro eBpno ronrno !popMaJrbEo. Vxparaucnan aprvrincrporrJracbrlcnrrorrrrreJrbuo,r(aft aplrin uaqiouaJrbuaf , 6narogapn yclrrinu caMux-xreyxparrucnrrx grbnrenefi. Itorga ara apuir BrrepBlre crana rpopunpoBarbcs, rr5rreMyftpar4rrrraaqiu noennrrxuacteft,ro eBpen 6rrrra trpr4 aroM rrcnJrroqerrbr. Msoroqncaennue(faHrrr rloArnep?fiAaror arol). B nasant nox6pr, uanpuu;bp, eBperr-coJrAarar 1.3-roBanacsarotroJrna ?KaJroBaJrr{cb troJrraB BuAyero Jn{parrur.raaqir,r2). Ha r{cnfiroqeuier.rxr4rB Ha arn cfiyqan 'r{nBo pea.rtrpoBanr.r rorga enpeficHis noenurrff opraHr.raaqiu. Tax, erpeftcxaff oprauuaaqis 5-ro Cu6npcnaro apueftcr(aro Hopnyca BErHecJra peaouroqiro,qro ((cqnraeraror (panr anrnAeMonparnrrecfirrur{ [porrrBop:buaqrau nprruqrrnaM naqionanruot reprrnMocrrr,HeogHonparHorrpoBmrJrarrreuubrm Vxpanucxofi PaEqe ptaue Ha ynpauHrreaqin oroaBaJrr{cb eBper{-conAarbr Aofi)3). 12-oft ntxornoil glralrailr. Ilpustrcreya , eBpericongarbr Haxo[flr, oAHaHo,qro (yftpatrnr.rsaqifiifpoura ue ecrb ufpa yHpfnreni.s penorrcqiu>>., or 13 ger. 1917r., , J $ 2 2 , o r 1 3 A e x . 1 9 1 7r . t ) < ! i i e a c r a E M s r c , { b > ,o r 9 - r o n o a 6 p n 1 9 1 7r . 3 ) A p x u r C o r o a a e B p e e B - B o r . r u o n( F l i e n ) ,p e a o , r r c q i aH o p r r y c n .H o M n Tera eBp, soenuoft opranueaqin 5-ro Cu6upcxaro apueficxaro Hopnyca, or 12-ro non6pa 19.1.tr. .lt
99
BoftHy, trporr,rBop'bqaqynrrnrepecau peBonroqirr,Ee Bcrynfirll). Orltnuuynncb na gro u ntnoroprrs o6u4ia Boerrulrfi opraxuaaqir. Tperin c'Bsl XI apuiu Bhmec cneqianrnyro peaoJrroqiro,vro ou cquraer ucfiflroserie eBpeeBr.ra ynparrHrraupyeMlrxsacreft anrou asrtr[eMoxparr{qecxrrM I{ HaxoAr{TcrrpaBeAJrrBrru,vro6n nB ucarrcqeuHbrx npu uaqionanuaaqin apmiu eBpeeB((cocraBJrffrb,ilptr ux xteaasilr, org:Bnrnnn erpeftcrdayacru>2). Boupoc o6 ncxurosenilr enpeennB ynpar{Hrrar,rpyeMbrx sacrefi o6cymgancn rr Ea sacfgardnx National-Rat'a, uo unuqiarusf rrpeAcraBrrrereft B cBffBrlc BonpocoMo t[opCorcaaeBpeeB-Bor{uoB, uzporarrira eapeftcxax orpflAoB cauoo6oponn. Ha 6-u aactgaaix 6nna npunsra peBonroqincn:bgyrcqarocoAepxrarris:<<Enpeftcnan geuorparin Aonrr{Ha6oporrcn [porr{B roro, qro6u apnaia rra Ha naqionanrnoM rrpuHrlr4tr;b, Vxpar.rnt opranr,raoBanacb u rpe6yer or Vnp. PaArr, qro6u crporo co6.nrogancr[pr4Hqr,rnrepprrropiaurnaro crpoenir. . . Vxpauncrift renepanrnnft cenperapbtro soficHosbru g;b;rau AoJrrfienrrBAarb cueqianruufi rrpnnaa o rou, rrro HeAouycrrrMbr urHanis rronlmKr{ ucxnrcqeuis rarux-6rr ro nra 6rruo ynpamcfir.rx rparfiAas r{B ynpar.rucHofiapuin r noa6ymgenie congar-yftpanuqeBnpornB conAar-Heyxpauuqen>8). O6paooBaHFaflupu eapeficxoureuepaJrbuoM cenperapiart, uo upegrorHenin National-Rat'a, cneqianrnas rour,rccisno aroMy BonpocyrpeAcraBuJrar cn;bgynqemy aactganiro, 4-ro gena6pn 1917, cnou nocranosneHis, coBnaAaroqin c [prrBegerrubrun (<). Bapefcxifi reHepaJrbHbrft ceHperapiar Banpocr{JrC. Ilernnpy, naxofi npnHr{En troJroffierrB ocuoBy yxpannuaaqin softcn - reppr{ropia;rrnr,rftunz naqionaJrbno-uepconanrnuft, uo onpeg'breuuaroorslbra or Hero He noryttr{n. }tacascb ororo Borrpoca,
100
ilreHio K Vxpann:b>, a EB yxpar{Ecxux rroJrnoB nx au6pacnaarorl). Tanosbr 6nm.r o6rqin ycnooia {opuuponanifl yr{parrHcxoftapnriu. Enn eqe MoMeHrficr{xoJroilrqecxift.Crpourenr naqionamnofi apuiu nc:Fuuntpaura rrhrraJrncbBoapoAurbnoennuft poMaHTr,rBM r,rcTopuqecfiaro trpotrrJraro Vxpannnr, - Ayx raft4auavnnbr, Barropo]Kcxofi crb'ru n paaryJrbuaroHaaaqecrBa. lluesa Xutnrnlrr{naro, Ionrn, a fioa?neHa.nunaftno,B rraMflTbxolrx 6nrnzo6paaonaurrcneqianrnrre rroJrnn,yAoBnerBopfinr{oroMy rryBcrByynpar4ncxaropoMaHTUqeCKarO naqionamlBMa, rro arr4r rrMeHapaBrroroBopr{Jru rrcroprrqecnr{MBocfiomr.ruaHiann ravyncrBau yxpardrrrleB rr eBpeer. . . Ity,trrr.tBupyeMrrfts arofi raqionatrnoft apndra Ayx ffoBr{Hr4sMaHerrs66xno BeJrK rogo{o6ir.rn AaJr[oqyBcrBoBarbeBpe.EM, uro 6rr,run rpagraqin eomxofi rHecroxoft naitgauauuubr BonJrorqarorcsHrrnrb B lru4BHrr.}I(lrsonucuE^rfi , a BartM n pqg Apyrrrx rroJrnoB.Ienepanrnnfi soficnosofi nour,rrer (no rnan:b Koroparo crofiJrC. Iler.nropa)npragaranaroMy npoqeccy nnanoutpnnrfi xaparirep. C{opuuponaxHbreroJrnfi no donrrueft qacrr,rorruqailrlcB cBor.tM neycroftulrabrMHacrpoenieu.H aqionaJrbuo BooAyrrreBJreHHLre, nep64no 6ypno tuoBr{Hucrtrve&rie,unorie na arr{x rroJrHoBB caMyrorpyArlyrc AJrfl yr(parrHrleBMr{Hyry [eperrrJrrr rra cropouy 6onrlreslrxos. Brrrue urr nra46nn, cr{oJrbxoxJrorror troJrHuMeur.rrerMaHaIlony6orrno npntruur4r rrpaBrlreJrbcrBy, orKagrrBaflcbr{Arr{ Ha {pour rr roroBflcb BaxBarr{TB BJracrb. Ilocut rperbalo Vannepcana,n uoa6p'bt9t7 r., 6nrnoupucrynJreuon o6paaosaniro coBeprxelrHocauocroffTenrnofiynpar.rucroftapuilr, neaaBr.rcr{Mofi or pyccxofi. B HasanlbflHBapnPaloft 6rrn npuunrr aaxou o6 o6paaonaHir{ynpasncroft napo4noft apndr. Ho nog HarropoM nu'brorqircs yrparruoris sacru roqrrr pacnanucb. 9o"lT9llTor r) .
101
Ilocn6 aaHnro.reuiRMrrpa c qegTpaJrrrrbrurrAepffiaBanu,a rferpa.nt rrprrcryrlrrJron {opuupo1918 roga, yftparrncfioerrpaBrlreJrbcrBo rasin nosofi perynnpuofi apnair,r..flgpolt arofi aprvriutrocJrylrurJro (), cifopstcxonrno troJrKoB < yxpar{Hcnrlx noennona:bnurrx B Mr4poBanHbrxa lepmaniu IrB uarepf Paurrar (Baaeu). Haqano noenuoft opranuaaqira< B DroMuarept ornocr{rcfl errle K 1916 rogy, xor4a 6nu Tapaca IIIesseHHo). o6paaonau<.<<Ecnu yfipar4Hcnoe oua rrocraBrrJra Mbrxorr{M nlrgrbrr uepnnft o6paaeqctsesofi oprauuaaqilr,coBAaIrnofi noarxena VHpaunib,ro urr ero uuteu e Parurart. Oru 1). - pynoBoAcrBoynparlncxofi rporaIlpone4erie nGueqHlrxtrJIaHoB flpnorangoft n narept u (fopuuponarie orpx4oB- rrprrrraAJre?fiaJlo BItBBoJreHHff Vxpaiuu>, c ero cauocrifiurErrecxoMy o6qecrny <), nplrrrrJlr{ B fipacoqrrbreaaqionarsuhre KocrroMn(n <<cuuie na Vnpauny conu6cruo o u6uqauu. lla Paurara orlpaBrrJluob 1) O. T ep n eq r xi t . , JIefiuqrr, rrc6onrrtsnft(paxr,xapaftrepl{Byr,1919r", crp. 205.Ftcraru,aBroprrpr{BoAur qifi nonnruuecliyxlnprrpogyyfipauucrofig;rarept:<
102
rorAa EBarroJrfta;[epBbru nomeJrtroJrHrruenu Boryna. <9eaoBtr 800, - onr{cbrBaerETor cryqaft ucropux Jrarepff,-sagsaarl ce6s roJrKoMuMenu Eoryna u i7 rpenpans1918 r. sbrBxarr ra Partrrara na Vxparnp. Bcntp Ba rrr{Mnocnfgonan nropofi norxl). Bepuynumcr ua VHparrny, arrr qacrrr flBrrJrr{cbnbrJIHI{uHEeHacBorrMnaqionaurBrrcrHrlrfi aMrl <<MocHosir,rD r roodrqe orJrr{qaJrr{cb nacrpoenieu. Ans Hac qpeaBbrrlafisoqtHno Ho-rrroBrlnr4crrrqecxrru ynaaarie o nepBouatraJrbnoM rrpoucxo?aAerin. rroJrnou)) rraMHeoAHoHparHo npiftgerca ocrp;buarrca C <
103
((HeMeAJreHHo ytfie cyqecrBynqie orptlu rtocraHoBrrJr o6eBopyxrrrrb Bimsoro HosaqrBa).Ho sartu opranuaaqixo{tfuqianrno canxqior4BxrrcrraercffB cocraByxparrucnrrx uupydrcn, Mr{Jruraprrarrpyercfi Bor{Hcxrrxsacreft. B oxrn6pt 1917 r. 6rrra rrrpa6oraua nJrs rren oco6as <,couracno noropoft oHa coBgaercs(IJrf, o6'e4aHeniancrbx rpaxgar, 6 ea p aar r.ruin n a qi o Han r Ho crrD>; <siflbul{ fioBaftrr-roBoprrJrocb B Lrrrcrpynqiu- gonffirrbrflpr.rxrruarb rc6 urbprr, qro6rr se [onycrurb r{rrnanrrxrrorpoMoBr.rrpa6exeb>. flpaerarelrcrBo, B nuqrb lenepaJrbHaroCenperapiara, craJro BoBHaK Ha oprannaaqio, Iroropafl Jrararb Ha Hee 6orsuris lraAelKAbr, uo6tgrtr anapxiro ua Vrpaun;b. MerH4y r:bu, <einrrrr rioeaftrr)) sce 6ofl;be u 6ou:be trpourrnarorcflAyxoM cr{rrxKpyrax 6uno [epBoe BpeMfl,xar( Mbrnu4tnr,r, nuouslbgontpqr{Boe,- oHr{He [oHffJrn[prrpoAbraroit oprauuaaqiu. O 6eaycnon$oft [oJreanocrrres uucaJr oprau < u o{(fuqioa enpeftcnaroMr.rxrrcrepcrnas). 3a HeecroffJro cauo espeftcfioeMusucrepcrBo,[arfie BbrlBura-flee saautn erpeficxoft cauoo6oponrr. flpuarannrre oxpanffTb nacenexie, <sirbur.r KoBaKr{)) suasart noe-rg:b,gtfi crnrarenbuo,Bocnpe[fiTcrBoBaJrr! trorpoMnbrMaxcrleccaM(uaupnurLp,r Bt,noft-I{epnBr{,9epHaccax, n cBoeHacroflrr{ee Srennropogcxouytaqt), no cxopo orrrr rronaaaJrrr nuqo. npio6pfralor perryraqiro y.racrnrrnoBr{ norpoMurrxancqeccoB.Eaper r. ICanesa}fi&nyAa*re BaqtrHutrur{oB rorcfi B Mrrnr{crepcrBo,qro Mtcrsrre rpourrJrbl<(flepetrMeuosan[ ce6.E s Bimnoe fioaaqecrBo))r{ qro rrx rJraBubrfirpe6orarin - (trepexoA scefi saactn, xan ropo4cHoft,rax ll yEa4uoft B r.{xpyKR, !r ourl r{ar ) A p x n a e r p e f i c H a r o M ! r E r r c r e p c r B a , t r p o r o n o J rs o c r a n o s f l e r i s eBpeeur, Parulrcrponnu, c 192 trogrurcnMn,oxog, Ni 240, or 8 4er. 1917 r, 3l Cu. , or 14orra6pa 1917r., cr. o
104
y*oga rJIaBHarorpouulp>l). }Italo6n na u;lruru HaqanbHl{Korw trocrytrItJruTax]fteua Tapaqu, Ka6eas[ucrsa ) naaaqrde. . . IIpaHnyreM BoaHIInJrIr((corulr>,<(KypeHn)), rUHa BitrnOIO
I(OBaIITBa IIOHaB6IBaJIa, qTO OHO npITBJIeRaJIO AJIS-
MeHTpaBBrrroft,penonroqionuou naqioranbHo-coBnarenrnnfi.Eun Bo nceu crpoB arllx coreu, xypeneft, 4ame xaxoft-ro poMaHrIrBM caflila, xaaaqnis nranxr)>3). (xynanar, crapunlrhrn rarr{e B ogexg;b [pyroii rrcroplrx yrpauncxoft peaolroqin, II. Xpucrmx, oAI{E rrB lrlrIrrero <, no sceft pacnpocrpaHl4Jlocb oro caMoqEHHo 4uqinuu. <<,{olzrHeuie or VHpalrn;b,r {opu6 BcenaponnaroBoopyffiesin,Ans caMoBaql'Irbr lrHTepecoB 6aururruaua v A[rfl.BaurlrTbrHflaccoBbrxafioHoMuqecxnrx ceJrsricrBa n upoqecct peeonrcqilr>. Anrop yrpenaer ganrbe qro ono He cyutuo ucltoJlbBoBarb oro yxpar{Hcr(oenpaBl,rTeJlbcrBo, AJIff peBoJlloqiu u AJIr rocynapcrBennaro ... crpor{TeJrbcTBa 9lLu yuopnte ctanortrJlacbnoitna MerfiAyyr{palrnllaulr n 6onrnrer) Apxun eBp. MEsEcrepcrBa, AoHJIan Kalrescroto6quxut, AeJteraroB arog. Ji! 200, uonyr. 4 gena6pa1917r' ,) Aprun peAanrlilr (1919r.), orqe?o co6utiax n Moxpoltltannropxt (na uarepiaaor [iOfIE, gocr. Xepconcxnu). 3 ) B . B l l s s r a q e r r ( o , q I I r . @ q . ,t . I I , c r p . 5 2 . a) XplrcuoH 6nu taxmo MtrEEcrpoM un. gtl s fia6nrett fony6oanva.
106
BrlftaMrrr{ 'rtM ycnlFrrrute rrrJroHacrynfierie trocrrb4rrrrx,TIFMdonsme o6ocrpn.nucr naqionanficrz.rec]ds crpacrr{ ne ?oJrbr{o B prrlax yxpa4ucnoft apuin, Hor{ B pffAaxyxpar{Hcnuxgrbrreneft.Etrcrso raa Itiena n Efiaroruip rrplr Hacrynrenin 6omureBr{r(oBcnrpaJro B aroM ornourenirapoxoByro porrb. B cpegr,tr! .EHBapfl1918r. 6otrmeBrrnfi rroAcrylrrJrr.rx Rieny u [ogBeprJrnero conpyrnurearnofi n 6esnorqaguofitt-ur guernoft 6o,n6aplnponnt. 26-ro aHaaps ltiea 6rrr Bsflr. Itor4a qJreubryxpar.rncnaro npaBrrreJrbcrBar{ uacm Pa4rr 6tmamr n llturouip, cpegrrHrrx se oxaBaJrocb rrrr oAnoro rrpeAc r a Brrr eJrff n a qi o n a n r Hr,rx MeHb trrr/rucr B - Hrr BeJrr{HopoccoB, Hl{ troJrrrnoB, Hr,rraft?nert eBpeeB.Oailo6neunoe-me HacrpoeuienoHrarryrbrxynpaunqeBodparunocr qrb.nnxouroJrbxotrporrrBerpeeB. Hau'brrasiliftcrr yx{e paubrue uepeJromn nacrpoenir{, retrepb, B cugtniu>, ptaHo o6ocrpnaca. B r[enpallL tg18 <, Har{ aro 6uro o{{ruqianrno tpopuynupoBauo,r{ HeMeAJreHHo ABrrrryrrucroR softcxa na Vxpazny. 1-ro uapra (no uoa.crr.rnro) BaurrJrr{Hier1). oHr.r Brr,r'bcrtc HnMr{BepnyJrr{cb rr yxparrrcxi.s soficxa, fioropbrx ner C. flernrcpa. ?I o6parauii nym, arux nocn'bguraxor }I(rarouipa n ttieny orutqaercs pflAoM cepbearrbrx gncqeccoBrrporrrBeBpeeB.OrnrrnrbHa crlenyB rrorpoMrroM grnxrenilr Bbrcryraer Hosbrii yqacrHrrlr, Ao aroro lrrparuift Jrr{rrrbc"{yqaiinyro p o J r b- , y r i p a r r H c r { a na p u i a . Hactpoenix, qapunruix B pflAax BosBparqarcnlei,icu lra ]I(lrronnipaynpanncxoft apuir,r,npno pr{cyrcrcfi B orqert npegcraar4reJrfl ,M. Pa{eca, yqacrur4Ka4eneraqill, shrcnaHuoftltiescxofi Iopo4cxoit ,{yuoil or coqianlrcrrrqecnrrxea {panqiii nancrprbuy npu6nuxarcrqnMcn yxparrHrlailt, sro6br rrpocrrrl, o HeAoflyu{eniue ropogf axcqeccoBco cropoHLrBoftcxa, B Brr4y AorueArnrrx cJryxoB o ero rorpoMHoMHacrpoenin. M. Pa{ec nogpo6nopaocnaabrBaer o roM, HaHncrpfvena 6rrua generaqixnepegoBbrM Borrucnr{M orpffAoM ren. flpr,rcoecnaro.ConAarnu [affie o{aqepw He cripbrBaJrr{ cBoero oano6nenno-arrrneeMrrrcxaro Hacrpoenis. B otr1br ra upocr6y o rreAonyqerirrgncqeccoB,coJr4arlrBoouyrqenuolrprrqanR:
106
pacnpaBlrMcs,Ir pacrpaBllucff 6eanoqa$ro>>.<,Hpr4uarriro-To I{3 coJrnar. <>, na4o Paipeca <3roro Hpllqarr Apyrofi. ?nrrgoB u COrnacira. s rurapf c eBpeffMrr repBbrMaacrp6nnrr>>. . . <<Mlr?fir{Jrr4 aBTOgn (> pagrOupanie,narliOnalbHO-[epCOHaJIbIIyIO souiro. Ho uu Bcero aroro MaJro'oHI{ xortln ncro Vxpallny 3a' xBarr.rrbB cBorl pyxu. ilftrg TporlHift rr4er BoftHoftna Vnpauny, ero [oAnepEirIBaIoT rc6 espeu-xaIInTaJII{CTbI}, fipl'IqaflI! coil<1). B q*;rsx npegocropo?ltHocrlr' o[Haxo, C. flernropa qepea pGrun,r BBecrH eoftcna B Dopon He qepeB enpeitcxift flogon, a OsHaxoiuIIBrIIIrcbc nactpoeuieM yKpaIrHrpr{ropog ltypenenxy. qJrerr cgrrx COJTAaT, Ae.ueraqin, yripalnCxiit C. g. 9uxanenxo crcaaal: npoeu>t.. .
u
crparry, HaIt BaBOeBareJII{.IlO6tgrareur VHpaunn' TJIaBHoHOMaIIgyrorqifi Bocroql{Llu Sponrou, nas;bcrsnfi troJIrioBIrIlIftMyparren' saqs Kien, rrBAarI30 nunapa cBoft aHauenutrrfi , s 9ry Brlacrb (Cor66lliBarlbHo roBoplrJlocb c.nfgyroulee : << ry_:ggi 1) M. Pa$ec, ,HieB, 1918r., utqer o [eneraqin. crP. 53-96.
10?
r o B ) M b rH e c e Mc n a J r e K a r oc t B e p a H a o c r p i & c B o r r x 1 1 1 1 6 r r(oB, rr rau, rgt Mbree ycranaBJlr.rBaeu, nceqtlo ee [oAAep]KrrBaeM cnaoft BTr{xrrrrbrxoBrr Marepiatrsuu aBTopr{Terou peBoJrroqionnocoqianucruqecnoft apuilllr). <a). B eror nepio4 [epBaro cBoeronpnruecrnia Ha yxpanny r) I{ur. no fin. II. Xpucrrcxa, r. Il, crp. 149,rarffietro 6yu4oncHot e'fie4u. raa. (ltien),or 31 nnnapa1918r. 3) Iloutrqenie eBp.MaErrcrepcrBa, HaH rr BeJr[Hopyccnaro, 6uao aassro 6onrmegsctfinMnyqpelrtlesiaMtlrr qacrbrl paarpoMJreEo; troJrbcxoeMusEcrepcrBo ocraJlocbcyqecrBoBarb,Eo trpn neu 6ulr EaBEeqeEFoMnccap, noasn-6onrmesrlx. 3 ) B . B u a a u q e r x o , q & T .c o s . ,, t . l l , c r p . 2 ? t . {) fI. Xpncrx}r(, r. II, crp. i49 fi 4arburo.
108
6our,ruesn6r{ ornpbrro IIIJII{, ftafi l{egrpaJrlrcrrr, u {aHruqec6ll' KaIt pyccrr{rrxaro p bI. Aro 6un nepio g ran HaBbrBaeMblft( fIff raItoBIrII{HbD>' ATOft IIOJITITI{XH,rJlaBapfi rdeeCxux 6Onrrro rrMer{rr BAOXHOBI,ITeJIfi Ora CTOpOHa6OnruresuCrcnoft nolruTultrl flnranOeal). rrreBr4rr{OB orqacrrr npnMIrp.EJIa c HIrMI'r Tt o6ulepyccrrin norl'ITnqecKifl reseHiff B Kpat, Koropbltr Boo6qe 6nnn pfaxlrMl{ IIporI'IBHITKaMlr 6onsuresrrnoB. Itiescrifi ropogcxorl roiloBa Ps5rlos, pyccHift c.-p", OAHaKO,rrx [prrxoA' fiprJr"r Bpar 6oJ]bnresnHoB, rrpIrB:bTCTBOBaJI' fiaH ((Boacranonneuie eAIIIIaro o6lqepocciftcnalo peBolto4iOnuaio i[poura> (XpucrroH, t. II, ctp. 135). Vxpalrncnie g;bareml e ri gnu ofta8a"rllrlcboAITHoHI{MII,rr oTl'rfi 6rrno sEraeaHoI{x oBro6fieHie. B csouM oaro6.fieuiu onrr yrBep?fiAaJrrr, rrro ((eBpea na cropourb 6orlruesr,tnoB) rr npeAalor yftpaurrcxoe g'bno. Ho {aHrn uoKaSbIBaIor,qro 6oalmesuaM mlrpoKo BaxBarRJr r yxpanscKie pagrr: so rnast 6onturesucrcHux notcx npoIIre"rI IOpift ltoqro6rascxifi, crrn tr,rs Pagbr, sMtcr;b c Mypa$enblu, naslbgrnaro yfi pauIIcKaIo [IIcaTeJIR; no66la 69.nrmesuaMacraJla Boo6qe aosuoxtua, 6natogapn uautaf nyuuiux yHparrl{cKl'rx rIoJInoB rIoJrKCaraiigavuaro' TIoJIKOpllrna (nonH EorAaHa Xutnrsurlxaro, r{ Apyr.). HeAasHift saqIIrHIrH z). Hac upecrtgoearu
B crII{Hy.
1) Errao gna 6para flgrarosbrx, o6a snAliux 6o.urmesnxa; oAIIE nB Eux' Jleonag, 6n.n rafino y6nt <,niarnuMll HoBaHaMlI>uaHaryu;b uptlxoga 6olrmeBHKoBn Elien, BTopofi- f . flqraxoB llrpan BI{AIrJrIoponb B poc. HoMMyIrrlCrHqeeKofiuapriu r utroru 1922 roAa 6ua naanaqen npegctgateaeM Bblcrllaro pen. rpu6yuana s [aa;bcrHolt upoqecc;Bc.-p'on. s) trI. Pa$ec, ql{r. I{8., crp,78.
109
Paanus 6oilsnresr€ruaBaxBarrrJryftpar{Hcfioe nacenenie,- Ba: xBarrrJr oH raxfire u enpeftcnoeaacenerie. Iopoga r Mtcresnu Vnpaunrr, rgt enpeu cocraBnffror guaqrrreJrbuyloqacrb, a utcraura rpoMaArroe6onr,muucrno,fiBJrffJracb rJraBHbrM orropubru trJTHRToM 6omrueaunos. Eomrue ncero errg*JrfiJurcbBrrgHbre6ofiruresuftr.reBpeua cromaqt Vxpannrr - Itiest (9y4noncHift- nouraccapropoga, Itpeftq6epr- KoMr{ccap(pnnancoa,Paftxurefin - fioMr{ccap rrpeccrr,Illannpo - noMrrccaprpu apuiu, I{. ItynraH z gpyr.) u n qncilo ranr{x roponax,HanOgeccaumr Enarepr.ruoclanl).Izles;bcrnoe espeficHuxpa6ovnx Bcrynr.rJron Kpacnyrc rnapgim. Bce aro necomnrbnnoynaabrBaJroHa orpoMHyroBapasureJrbuyrocllny 6onrrrreBr{B}ra.Ho cpeglr enpeftcxnxuaprift u pynoBoAffqux opraxoB eepeftcxoft o6ulecrrenuoorr{ re 6r,rnoHrrnoro,nro 6rrn 6rr c 6onrmesfixaMu. Hao6opor, erpeitcHierpeAcraBrrreJrr4 B PaglFaaHrruaJrnr ornourenin ri 6onr,rueBrrnarrnau6on'Be Henpr.rMl4pr.rMyro noalrqirc. Tax, naupuurbp,ceft.racnoc.rr:6 oHrn6prcnaronepeBopora rrpelcr aBr.rre.nr <106'egrHeHHrrx eepeiicnux coqianncron>>, M. Jlursanon,uorpe6oBaJr or Marofi Pagrr,r{oropafl,BrrIr4Mo, eqe Hone6atacr e csoeft uoBr,rqiu,<€cHorr pteHo BbrcnaBarbcfi rrporuB aBauTropbr 6onrruesfiKoB>.Korga 6omuresunu o6'snutu PagB noftny, upegcraBtrreJrb<<Eyngal,A. 3o;rorapeB,nprrabrBans Manofi Pag6, cosMtcfiro c trpegcraBrrreJrrrMr{ pocciftcnux coqianr,rcruvecfirrxnaprift , (He ocTaHaBJrr{BaTbcs Ha IIoJrn]Tnn IoBecTI{Ao IioEIIa nofiny Uporr{B Morr{JrbnlrrnoB penornqilo2). flpegcraBrrreJrb<,O6'eAr.rnegrrbrx}, vnen Pagrr I\{. Iliaq-AnlrH, BaffBrrJrna c'ts[;b Coetros s ltieslb, qro ((B xon$nnnr:F Me'fiAyyHpauucHoftperourcqioHnoftgeuoxparieft n nyuxoft yByptraroponerpeficnarrAeMoxpariscrour Ha cropout yHpauucr{aroHapoga>3). ilr{caJr,fiorAa Oprail enpeftcnarrAeMonparinVxparur6r AoJr?nHa troA4epl) A. Ioar4euBeftBep B cBonx socnoMuxanisx o Hiee$ cooilqaer, vro so rrast 6otrrnenucrcnfix aoficfi, cosxtcruo c noirr{. Mypanreerru, ruen na lties raxme (cn. <Apxran Pyccroii Peroatoqiro, r. VI, Eepnlrx 1922). Poruam, Han r4gsrbcrno,6nn eBpeeM-cryfienrou. Mu, oAHaHo,urcgt 6onrure se sauJrr{ nogrBep}HAexino porn Pomarn n noxog:b Ha yxparrnqeB. r) Cnr. or 27 u28 oxra6pa- raxxe 7 gexa6pa 191?r. r') Tau-ixe, or 6 4 e x a 6 p a 1 9 1 7r ,
110
,r(arb Palp)r). Cpannnran r ognofi uB cBo!(x ptvefi nonoxesie n Poccir u na Vnpann6. M. Pa([eo c yAoBrlerBopenieucnaaafi: (cu. II. Xpuctnn, r. II, crp. 46). Mnorie yxpauucHie gtatenlr 6nnu ne4onoJlbnbrrretrpuornoureuieMenpeftcxux naprift x 6orsmesucrcxoft BJIacrrI Mr{prrMErM u Ilerporpa46. Itorga Manas Paga npunnrra orpr{IlareJrbuyropeaoruliro [porr4B onrR6prcnaro nepeBopota6onrureBlrxoB,opran laaera' - opran troqrrr trpaBllreJlbcrseusbrft ynp. c.-4. <e). II.Xplrcrrcx e caoeftlrcropilr pesonroqir't o6pacxaaarb,qro, rJIaBHbIlrt rou'b: <<Mornno trurrrerB HeAoBonbHoM gou, 6aaroAapff (MeEbmr[HcrBaw l{eurpanrnasPaAaHe ocrarroBuJracbcepbeaxo Ha MblcJrrro lpopuanruotu rpr{Bnanilr Contra Hapo4nnx Kouuccapoe trpaBrrreJlbcrsollBerurtopoccin. A raxoe ,.. npnananiecauo Iratrpamnaanocr>3) Ho nau6or:be noxagareJlbublusBJlflercfi otuoruexie enpeftcHnx uaprift x 6onruresuxaMrorga, RorAaoHI{oxaBanucsno6fgureJltIMrr" cpeltr Muorr{x yxparrnxoropufi BbIBbIBaJI flpegcrannrear <<EyuAa>, qeB ranoe nporl,rBce6s oa,irodreuie,KaK Bpar Vnpalrur,r, M. PaPa4y u Ha[aIaJI na 6oarIuesrutoBy?nenocurb Qec,ornpnro xBaJrr{JI aausris nMlr }tiesa: < ror BeiIuHa n <[taH Pagaa). B crarrsx 5). OpraHApyroft naprin-<06'e[r{Heunbrxt - Tanrfie rIrIoaJI,qro 6onruernau , or 9 gexa6pr 1917r. 2) t6yao BIrMyqeEosiA Maaoi PaAn'). 3) II. Xpracrxlfi, r. II, crp.53. ') (oprax Eynga), ot 30 f l H B a p E i 9 1 8 r . , c r . < I c h w e l pruwen varglaich.l, 5 1 T a u - x e , o r 3 1 n u n a p n r 1 t P e n P a l n ,r 9 1 8 .
r11
MapHLreAHrr rocnoAcTBaooJrbrrreBnc1cnaro MeqaDraBeTaSBaJran ffAeaJraM, KoropbrepeBonroqissa yfipauut nepronauatrno ce6t noctanuJral). He uenrnds oruuadu yfipar{Ecr{oegruxenie EarrrJro rr B prrlax uaprilr <. Htnoroprre trpegcraBr{reJrrr aroft naprin, Kaft rraflpnrr,r:bp C. lomgenruax, 6truu rrBubrMurr AaJrer{orrAyrqr.rMn rplrBepmesr{aMr yxpauncxofi rreaaBr{cr{Mocrrr.Heqero r{ roBoprrTb,uro napriu uecoqia:rracrlrvecnir,xax nanpuutp cioulrctrr, crofiJrrr eqe AaJrbrrreor 6onr,ureBrt(oBr[ erqe p;bouenncryfianlr rrporr{BHrrx, Bbrpailraaornplrro cBor crrMnariu yrepazncnoMy ganrxeniru,rioropoe cpe4r{cionucros na Vnpaun'b 6rrtro eoo6uqenonynapno. Ho uac a4rbcrrrr{repecyeruacrpoenierJraBEbrM o6paaoucorlianucruqecKux enpeftcxuxnaprifi,rax Kaftyr(pauncxie mosuarrcrbr rrMeHHoux tro4oap:bnanus 6ontmesusMrbu no npaxge6uocrlr Vnpar.ru'[. ynpauncxaro ABrrffieniantpa V rasux enpeficxlrx[onJroHHrrKoB n Vnpauuy w B efi pynoBoArrrenefieaxogura oqeHbganexo. Xapaxrepnoii B aroM cuucnrbflBJrfiercrr crarbfl, rroffBnBmascs Ea crpaIraqax oprana - otrflrr ranr{ B Arrr{ roctroAcrBa6o.nrruesufiosu ronerift na yHpanucnoenrbno. Crarrs rroclrr MuoroanaqureJrbHoe sarrasie : zncnnyaqir Ha yftpauur{eB,[oBr{Hxbrx6ygro B norpoMax,fiaH rruIuer aBrop, - I{HcrrHyaqilr,uynqensbrs sapowrro 6onrnresnxauu. . <Mrr ne orpnqaeM,- upoAonnraeraBrop, - rrro Aalr{eB pffAax yxpauucxoft gemoxparin uu;[nrcn ranie, fioropbreeqe ne ocno6ogunracror rprbxa anTr.rceMurrrBMa . . . {axe B pffAax ynparrucr{[x coqiamacrrasecxfix uaprifi uu'berc.aHe uano rpucocaBrrruxcffn HuM qepnocoreuubrx aneMeHToB).Ho .. .2). Ilorga Pa4a nepnyaacr n Bnacrn, oua 6una enpeftcrrrMntraprisuu acrptvena upuntrcrniaun. Opran , or 31 nuaapr 1918r., cr. . 2) Tau-rHe, or 19 {enpaaq 1918r., cr. M. Epenepa
112
, uucair: < fl,6ftcrnr,rreJlbno, eBper{ He npoflBJrflJr[ aKrIltBHocrI'I B saqutf yHpaI'IHcKaroA;b.ua. PaHrure ncero 6pocaerctr B rJIaBaror Muoroauaqurefibubrit (paHr, uro espeu H,eexo7u",taa ynpawucnitr norxumuuecnianapmiu. O6tscnsetcq Jrn aro t:bu, vto ynpauncHia naprira, 4a;*te coqiautlctl'tuecxiR, HaH , ot 2 uapra 1918r., nepeg. cr. e) Emene4. , Lties, }{i 4, 1918r. cr. .EIqe r anp;bn;b 1917 r., B caMoM uaqa:rt yxpal{rrcraro [BiIxeuir, H. CrrpHuu fiepBufi Bhlcryrlnn B llelrrparlbuou oprau:b ciosrctos s flerporpagt <Erp. ?I(llenrr>c s;bcxonu{E}1[ crarbaulr , rrt fopfitto BatrITIIIIaJyl{panscxoe A{;ao; clr. i\!iY, 17 ll 18, 19J7 r. llot'polrr,ruu !'rparru'L l{tl ?
1918, S
| 1:l
tpanr6un ror, qlo B EEx ne 6uao xs oAuoroenpenl). B ro-rxe Bpeurr eBpeacro.EJrueo raast nc6x o6qepoccificxux uaprift s Hient u uoo6ule na VHpauHt (<, s Menrmeftcre[eur{ yc.-p'oa n 6onruennxor). Eapea orcJrrcrBoBaJrr{ ranrr(e,Kar{ MLrnlrgtnu, B yxpar{Hcnoftapuin, fioropa.flflBJrrrJracb apuieft naqiouansnofiu ne AorrycnanaB cBorrpsA6reBpeen.Enpeftcxietpegcransrefir,rrfanrugecxrrEe HecJrr{ orstrcrnenuocrrr aa HanpaBnenie yxpalrucxoft nouuTuxr{, xorff yrracrBoBaJrr{ gua ce6a syfirubru a Pal6. Ouu ue HalrJrr4r nocutgonarr aa Pagoft Bo BpeMEnacrynnenis 6onsmesuxoBu Re yrracrBoBaru p <.B I-{eurpanruofiPa46, B rrepBbreAHr{ ocaAlr }fiera, 6rru uaetcrnbrM ynp. c.-g. gtareneM H Mr.rur.rcrpoM M. Ilopurou, npeg'RnneuBarrpoc((Meubtrrr4xcrBaM) rro uoBogy ux {c.-ip.). t) Jkgepu <<6yn4a>,pyccnnx ((MeubrtreBrrxoB)) rr pyccxux c.-p. a Pagt.
114
pont o6paBoBaJrcraurnyxpar.rucnifipyccxo-eBpeficnifirarepb, ua lpyrolt - Bce 6oute rrBonr{poBaJrrrcbrr yueabrrrairrrcb cprJr}r yxpauucxoft penonrcqionnoftgeuonpariu>. A HorAayr{parmllbryrrrJrrr a ?Ituronnip,- (Hrrr{ro rra ((MeEbmrrEcrBD rre uorbxar ryAa rmrbcrb c rpaBr{reJrbcrBoM . . .1) Vxpauucxofi Hapoguofi Pecuy6.nuxuD Hago coenarbcfl, qro yxparrucfiafl r{Aes, HecMorpn Ha rrogAepxixy enpeficHux naprift. He npoHrrnna B ronqy enpeftcxaro nacenenis. flolruuo napriii cyrqecrBoBanerqe rpocro o6Hrarenr, xoroprrft nr{raJrH yfipar{Hcr{ouygtny oupegfneunoe negoafpie, r ryqureMcryvaf paruoqyuie. 0ro oruorueuienupamaJrocb HeroJrbro o nogcutunaniraHagynparrncxnMfiBbrHoM ll ebreBcxoft;Hay]rpauul{aaqirc on orstsafl rraccr{BHbrM couporr.rurenien. EnpeiicHift o6uBareJrb6o.srcs ynparrncrBa,oRo 6uro eny qyxrgo, B To BpeMffHaH B pyccKoerocyAapcrBor{ B pycc}iyro riyJrbrypy oH, HecMorpfirra acrbnocnfgrin norpncenia, efpuu. Cutgyer rau'brr B Bnny ror orpounofi Balftrrocrrl (parir,uro ropoAa ua VHpann'b floqrI{ Ire flBJrflrorcfi yfiparrucxr{Ma,Bce yfiparrucftoe ABn?xerdeulrranocB, rJIaBunu o6paeoM,AepeBHeft, MailoBeMeJIbHbrM rI cpeAIrI,IM fipecrr,flucrBoM.Bn6oprr a ropo4cxia AyMBr,lrM6elde u6cto u'bromt9l7 r., rronaaaJrrr,xax cna6o snissie yxpalrucxaro aJIeMeHra.Bo sctx noqrrr ropoAax 6uon yrpar{Hcxttx napdft flonyqr4fi ua ru6opax BrraqrrreJrbnoe MenrmnHcrBo,BcroAyuo66xtAamr pyccnin uaprin. n ltien6, n qeurpt ynparrHcrBa,rArb rouocoBaJlIr yKpaI,IH,{arne cxifi rapnnBou, ynpar{HqbruonyqrrJrrrJrr{rrroHoJIo20o/oronocor. Ioropn o6 aron'r uopanrenilr yxparrulleB Ir poJIII B IreM eupeitcHaro naceneuia, B. Blrnun.reHno trrrfirer: <<Enpeficrro,cocraBJrflrorqee Aocraroqno shrcoHifi rrpoqenr nacereuis B ropogax, B nepio4 nu6opoe B Aylrbr BcaAy erqe Aep'fiaJrocbpyccnofi opienraqir, oHo erqe He ntpu;ro e no66gy yxparrHcrBa,a rlorouy Ire nufro Hrrnaxux ouroeauift roJrocoBarbaa neror>2). llAeororis rleHrpaJruaMa u pyccn{r.rxaqiu, BcnoeHuatrcrapblM pefi{rrMoM, 6nrilaoqeHrcrrnbHarre roJrbnocpeArrpyccxaro nacereni.s Hpafl,Ho u erpeficxaro, a y enpeftcHoft6ypmyaaiuu nnte.lr,irrarenqiu 1) II. XpncrroH, qr{r. coq., r, II, crp. 126 n 727. Cn. taxxe allaJlorrtqnoe A. [. Itfaproyxaaanie y pbfirroro Barrli.rrnuxafleurroponcxaro trpaBlIre,rlbcrna, Jrulra, B ero xnnrb . 6epaun, 1922 r., crp. 52 lt 55. 2) B, Buxxuqesxo, r { R T ,c o q . , t . I I , c r p . 4 4 , 8r
115
erqe I4 qyBcTBa accllMar qacTu paooqlrx K aToMy IIpncoeAI,IHLrJIUCb nfiqioHHLrF. Enpeitcnia naprin, rpIrMKHyB K yfipar{Hcxouy g'bly, B Dror MoMeHr HecoMstnso paBoIxJII{cbc enpeftcxofi o6nsarenruquuofi. I'1 ne roJrbno o6rrnarenrrquuofi. Cpenll erpeftcHoft pa6oleft Maccbl, or I{MeHr{ xoropofi enp. coqianucru.recxis naptin roBopl{Jllr e Pagt, HoropblM ynpal{Hcl{an t4Aetr 6rrno raxxe Mnoro rar(ux aJreMeHToB, ocraBaJracb coBeplueHno qy?KAa. ,[ar lrontcrnoe qacJlo oxorur{HoB n ltpacHylo ruapnro, erpeftcxie pa6o.rie He AaJIITurl oAnoro go6poBoJrbrlayxpal{HqaM. ,[axe B prAax qfieHoBnaprifi xypc, ranruft nr{AepaMr{n Kiest, He BcerAa,oqeBlIA}Io,ncrp'buan covyncrrie, ecur n*purr noagntfturu npltauaHiru. Jlugepn <<06'eAltHenHuxenpeficxux coqiaJll4croBD, naprilt B cBoe BpeME 6.luaHo ctonsueft H JmpalrucnoMy Atny, trpltBlraJlucbB aroM troa?fie,ftor[a [pI'IMKHyJII4n noMMyHr,rcraurl HpIrrI{HoBaJII{cBolo rrpe?xulolo raxrl{ry: <<Pa6ouin Macchl,opraHrraoBanHblfl , HaH 06tegltnenHoft enpeftcxoft coqialrac'tnsecHoft naprieft, ran Ir B ByHg6, Bce BpeMfl orHocI'rJIIIcb,xafi fi Pag'b, TaH r{ fi MeroAaM6opr6u sa saqionanbHylo aBronolrirc rpafiue cAep,fiaHHo I{ xoJIo[Ho. Bce aro 6rrra <sblconas rroJll{rr4na>uapriitnnx BepxoB)). u , uag.II.H. O6'eAns. eBp.corl.naprill,MocHaa, rlo cnyqalonepexoAa6orlurEncrsa naptir na rrrafi1920r. BporurcpaL{8Aasa qro xapaliTepqoro o6ctoareJlbcrBo' Ypeanr,tvafiHo noanqirc I{oMMyHI{croB. naptift s PaA'b'BbrcrynaBnoqtu sct nI{AepbIeopeitcxuxcorlia.nracru'recxllx yxpaMcrBa' ltoB?fie mie ranultrr nporlrBulrxarlu 6ontueguHoB I{ BaulIrrHI4fiaMII nepeilnrr B pqgbr pyccn. rioMMyslactuqecroftnaprilr (M. Pa{ec' A. Solotaper' A. Jluueq - ue <Eyuga>; M. Jlnrnaxoo, IO. Hosaroscxift, tr{. Xyprlrn u gp' - ua naprirr ). I lt)
IIocfiaro Ha yHpallHclrift, raK oHLrIr oT eBpeficHllx npeAcTaBl4reJrefi Bcero enpefiupeonorill cpox B rparqaftruift nepeAtJIHLI rpe6oBafiu criaro HaceJreria VHparaubr, c xpyroroii nopynoft, npeg'Renaa rc HeMenJrenrrofionnavb cqer Ba uaqionanr,Ho-trepcoHanbfiylo aBTonouiro u aa erpeftcroe Ml4uplcrepcrBo.Enpeficxir uaptin He MorJrrI u xe xortnu 6patr na ce6s tarofi Hpyroaofi nopyrlr. Vxpauucrde g*arerlr c DTr{MHe cqlrrailr.rcbId yupexaJrtr eBpeeBs >,CrenarreHxo,flpowrran AexJlapaqiro,n noropofi rpega ro' 6osan perrpeccllBunx u'bp nporr.IBnaqionalrnblx MeHbIIIIrtIrcrB TITO OHI1I I'IAYT trPOTIIB
YHPAUI1CKIIX
ITHTEPECOB, II B qACTHOCTI4 TPC'
6osan s nuAf Kapbl aaxpblrir eapeftcH€IroMr{}IlrcrepcrBa (a raHxe Mr{HrrcrepcrBatro BeJIuKopyccI{I4M 46.uarvr).<Erpeu u pyconie rnHJru x Mocrnrb - cHaBaJI oir oIHatfiAH, - o noroMy oHIr He AoJrlnlrbr 6rrrr gouyqenbr Hu x HaHrrMorntrctseuublM trocrau Ir He gautrMarb M:bcr s rocynapcrBeHlroM annapart Vxpaunrr>. Sg6cr yfi(e peftoMeH[oBaJrocsuonyruenie Ea noJllrrtrqecxoe pannonp arie naqionaarH6rx MeHbrurlrHcrB. B 16 grur noflBrrJllrob CI{MIITOMbIOtfsllqianrnaro Hapyrueuin naqionanrsblx npaB MeHbIu?IHcrB. B 6rrurocrr csoro n )Iftirouipt Manoft Panofi 6rrnr,r npuufrbr ABa Baxou&, flBHo trIoBI{Hrrcrr{qecxaro xapanTepa. OAun lra HIrx, BecbMa cyrqecrrennnft, o noggancrnt, rJlacrrJr,rITo<<rpa?fi AaHIrHoMVxpann nraBJlgercff Tor, K T o s Heft poAu JIcfl lr ttcno c rrelo cBflBaH)); ara i[oprtrynupoBna sBHo ocraBusna utcro [poIrBBoJIy. Apyroft uenxift, so xapanrepHuft; aro ((BaHoHo errslbcfiax>: sot sns;bcrm AoJIII{rrhIn Hparvafturift cpoH 6rrrr nepenrrcaubl tro ynparrucnra. It aroMy-x{e BpeMeHI4oruocr{rcfl rr aHnyJrl,IpoBanie4enenrublx BHar{oB- (100 xap6onanqiar (py6neir) c HaAuI{cflMu,xpout yxpalrHcnaro, Tafitfie lr na enpeftcHou, pyccnoM r{ noJrbcxou flablxax. Ssanu atlr 6ntu roJlbr(o HeBaAoJIro nplduql{r pannonpanin naAo aroro BbrrryqeHlr Ir AeMoHcrpl{poBaJrrr qiouamuocref,r ua VHpaunt. Vnr.rsromeuie Irx renepb tlBlrrJlocb yAapoM rro arolrly npI4HIIuny. IIo noaapaqeniu s Kiee unnucrp BHyrpeHHrrx 4tn uagar [prIKaB o rou, sto sbln:bcnl.I,ffaAnrrcu u 6urs ro;rlno Ha ynpal4rrcnonaqaux6; aHaflornqo6tnereHiq AoJr?r{H6r Hbre nprrnaarr 6rrnu I4BAaHrITaxln,' MIIHrrcrpoMrloqr I{ telerpa{on (cyAoBnx cupaB))(rocruqill). B Haqant Mapra o6 erou rr Mr.rHrrcrpoM suecen napriefi <<[Ioa.nefi-I{iou))sanpoc. Ananorusn Pagy 6uno nrrft eaupoc 6nrn cAtnaH Taxlfie lr npegctgarento Confra MI{HII-
TL7
crpoB rr noAnlrcax >.Ilepaoe sogasagienportrB noulaJrcffs rpouoB, BbrfiyqeuHoereuepaJrblrbrM cenperapeMno Rarlionamxrtu 46uau A. Illymrlrur,ru a oxrn6pb L9L7r.,y?fierorAa upeAytrpelfiAaJro nporrrB Tanoro ruoBLrHIrBMa: < u nantcrsrru MorrapxlrAaHTopoM qecnuu gtare.neu - B. IIIyurruBbrM, Horoplrfi ao;rgercsraxrr{eEp6rMBparoM yBparrEr{3M4.
118
VI. Boaaparqenie s Kies rI norpoMubreaficlleccblyxpalrrcnot apruit. - Kiescnin co6rrrin; lopogcxaa ,{;'ua; yxp. coqiarurcruuecxia Spanrlin. - BHcqeccr,rs Kiescnoii rv6.; . - Vxpanncxaff rlpecca rr florpostbl. - Antnceuurcxis crarrr . - Hanagxn Ha eBpeeB u Pa46; parr.ri[lrraqia EpectcHaro AoroBopa.- Isa narepfi. - <SasoeBauieurru yrtcsenie?> - Paaopyntenie enp. orpsgots eaMoo6opolrbl;OAeccHaE npyffiIrna. - Houeq ((Botororo uepioga> yrpauucl(aro qnuxeRia. Ilorpouuun
iloxotri4eHifl
yxpalrlrcnoit
apMiH
uaaIaJII,Icb rra
BoeHrr[,rx croJrKHoBeHiii c 6onruieBlrft aMI4. flepnrre, orA;bfl bHbre aKcqeccbr BoaHrrr{Jrrrenle B fHBapt 1918 (HonorpaA-BonblHcK), Iro rJraBrrafl BoJIrra flpomJra B cBESIr c HacTyrIJIeHieM yxpauHc]tolyrJlx
ntueqxux
Boftcri Ha 6oJlbllreBrrfioB B ipespaut-uaptt
ro
ryrlr
IrB
llturomipa s ftiea. {7-ro {eapaJls rafiAaManlr HarraJlrr Ha }n. [. crauqiax Capnu u }topocrenb roqno Ha eBpeeB Ir MHorrrx y6llllr; florpounne crioJrbKo 6ruro y6lrrbrx, AoHbII{t ue ycrauoBJrel{o.
ranxte u B EepAuqen:b,no lryrl{ B }tiea, n artcqeccbrtrpor{BoruJrrr Hoxqt {enpann. 3-ro uapta n Manyn Pagy, aactAaBlllytororAa n ?Iftironipt, 6uu BrreceuBanpoco 6epAuveacfiuxco6blriflx. B Barrpocfcoo6ilIarocb,qro ftorga yxpar{HlrblnoAomJIItH Eepgu.reny, n HrrM BbrrrlJrac nplmtrcrrieu 4eneraqin ue [peAcraBlrreJleii Cos6ra pa6ovnx AeryraroB, lopogcxofi Ayr'rrrn Seuctoft Vnpanu BAtcb B pynax enpeen), no (nct ern rprr oprana HaxoAITJII{cb [eneraqis sra 6brJlao6crptnnna. B uepauft genr BcryrneHifl y$paurrcHaroBoftcltaB ropoA 6uno 20 ffieprB; ua Hacenenie6una
119
HaJro?fieua Hourpr{6yqifl B 5 Muflrionor py6nefi1). 23-ro {erpann raftgalranu BarrflJrrr cr. Eopognnny (no roff me nunilr ltopocrenrItien), y6um.t 2 enpeear4 craJrr{rpe6orarr or enpeftcnaroHaceaenir nngauu opyxrin. B }tnasgieso, 6nna Eopognnxr,r,uun 6rrno y6lrro 7 enpeen.Koppecnongenr <,rrr orr r{r4qeroHe Mo?$er nogtlarr>.r) Oxcqeccu, 6ea sefiostqecfir{x ffieprB, [poucxogr,rJrr{B cpe4unrb (peepara r }topocrunrent, flo4onrcxoft ry6., rgt raftgauaHauu 6rr,rlr suctareHbrB fioMen4aryp6 25 enpeeB,n B Etnofi-f{epnnu, rAB <<sifibHuHoaafir4))6ea.mHcrsosaJrrrB clruarorb, tro[ Br{AoM rrorrcxoBcnpflranHaro eBpeflMr{opyndn 8). r) Saupoc6uu snecesyt{parrrcnnMrr coqian-geuonparaMu, Haocnosaniu un(fopua4iu, AocraBnegxofi rrpeAcraBr.rreJreu <Eyn4a>,{, Jluneqou, noropufi cneqialrno npi:bxan AnE aroro n )Iturorrip, HaH qren Pagu. floca6gHss Baupoc eAlrsornacEo npnsffna, A. Jluneq 6r.r;r s ]I[nro[rip:b eglrncraeNHrlM rrJrerrouPagu neyHparrgrleM. Ho on uuraHoro yuacrix n pa6orax pagr,r He flprrrrEn rI [a}Ite 3aEBrril, rITo (B BrrAy BHOBbCOsAaBrrIarOCE nOtOrfienis on ctlr.rraer IreBoaMo)nELrM BLIcryrrarb, Hafi noaHoIrpaBHLIitUpencrannreirr tr lraxoA{rcg roirbr{o c nn(popuaqiorrghrMrrqtnrunr>. Cu. or 8 uapra 1918. Ero aassaenie eule 6ourrue uoAqepi{Hyno[Bonr.rpoBarrxoe .tronoxrenie yHpar{Hcnrrxg;barenefi. r) , or 19-ro ruapra lg18 r. 8) Iafigauaralru 6r,rnn yquHesH TorAa AoBoJrbEocepbeaxbre ancqeccbr Tafirr{eB ?ofi qacrr.rEttopyccira, HoropaEno BpecrcHouyAoroBopyorourua
120
n cepbeBnbrMl{ sBJlffrorcnco6rrnn, Ho nas6onBe EJrtrTeJrbubrMn paBbrrpaBmiscss Kies6, no BosBparqeriiuryga yHparanqenl.-ro ![apra. B reqeHie noqrld rpex ne4;bnr lties crarroBrrrcfi apenofi HaceJlenieu.I(orga EecJrbrxaulrbrx Ao roro uacnlift nag enpeftcnrrM ynpauncnix soficxa rro4xoArrJlr{ri ropo[y, lopogcHoft fiyuoft 6nna nocnana, xpou;b yuouanyrofi BbIIIreAeneraqilr,cueqiaJlbHafi leneraqis u n C. f,Ieurop;b, meAmeuy so ruas;b raft4auanor. Csrrascr c npocr6oft Ayrut rr BHafi naorpoenie cBoux coJIAar, C. Ilerrrcpa troBeJI rrx B ropog Ee rlepea saceneuublfi eBpefiMr{ pafiou, a gpyrofi goporofi. Ero, oAnaHo,Ee [oMorJIo. ]tan roJIbKo raftgauann BcryrrrrJrr,In ltien, Haqaflacb crlJlblrafi rlorpoMnafi arIIapecrbr lr paacrptnrr. faftgauanu raqin u trorrrJrucaMoBoJrbnble tr orpaAbr <). <, - orryAa Br4nro ne BIJxoAITIT cqerrbl, ?nrrBbrM.flepegaror rarlne, qro y?$acnrrn ydificma upolrcxogflr Ha B,naquuipcHoft ropn6, Mnoro rpyroB c6pacrrnarot orry[a n [utupr>. 1) TonrHo Ba ogrr]r AeHb 6-ro uapra, - coo6rqaer raaera, - 6mnu na B;ragnuiputofi ropxf uaft4eun 3 y6ntnx eBpefl, Me?fiAyHuMr{ oAr4HrruBaJrrr[(Eopyx 3aH). Ha Bnanaruipcxoft ropn:b upouaoluJlo rarlne antpcroe y6iftcruo rlrturraOco6enuo trocrpaAano Br{croB6parren Maitaenr, t6 u L7 ntt. eopeftcnoenacereuie Ea onparruax ropoAa - Ha flo4ont r AeuienHt. flo gannuu Horuucciuuplr lopogcHofi [yrrrt, roJIbKo aa L72 cryqafi HaBpeurr or I go 8 rrrapra6ruo aaperrrcrprrpoBaHo H Vrpalrnt: n qtnolr pn4t rue,nxnxnyrrxToBs pafior;b Moaupa npoBo rnan:b r.raoruJru norpoMrl,ntHoropne Aa'fiec gerostqecruru[ il{eprBaMr.r. ETou.racrr4rafiAaunuoscroxx oAeccnifiyrp. gtnrelr, ulrgep >,or 7-nouapra 1918r.
121
cunif sa4 eBpeffMrr, cpe4r.rtrvxi 22 crycafi y6ificrr, lt ncrnaanifi, 3 lranacuroranin, 19 cayuaer yrpoB paacrptrou, 28 apecronanxbrx, .rrn cytr6a uenggrbcrna,t6 - 6ea afcru uporraBrrruxrr r. tr. floaxe rmcJroSKcqeccoByMerrbmaeTcfi,rro orgfnrnrre cilyqatr upoAoJrrfiarorcs Ao 20 uapra. Vnouanyras rounccis 6una o6paaoBauB. rpu conurbcrso c o6rqunoft, Anfi Barqrrrbr Ayorlb eapeficnu*rnrJracHbrMrr, enpeftcxaronacelenin or sacutifi, rro HoMrrccinocrananocbroJlbfto perrrcrprrpoBarbarr,r cJryqarr,ocrauoBuTb,fie r{x ne 6uno s eg BJracrrr. He uouormr ran?riecrapauia Htroroprrx rJracHbrxAyun yxpar{sqeB-coqiam.rcror. Ilocnfgnie rprrnflJru caMlrfi anepruqrrbrff u6pu fi [perparqeuiro excqeccor,o6':baxanuapecrubrRu:bcra,nrrra.Ecbocao6ognrr HeBrrHHo apecroBaHrrhrx eBpeeB.Vnpallncnie getryrarbr Ayun o6parulllcs fi RaBaEaMco cueqianuruu BoBaaanieu, B KoropoM nrrcaJrr{:. ItiescHas lopogcHan fiyrrra crrrpaJra B rt gnu oqenb Br.rgsyrc ponb B 46rb aacrytrHr{qecrBaBa reppopuarrpoBanuoeeapeficxoe lracenenie.fopogcnofi roJroBa,E. fI. Ps6qoe,o6paruncs H 1). C auaJrourqubrM rrpnabrBoM obparu,ncnorr raft]ne u $ yxpanucrcoMy BoerruoMyMr.rnrrcrpy?ItyHoacxouy r{ KoMerrganryIlplrconcxouy. B oretr Ha arrr o6parqenin6rrnn organhr rrpfir(aabrftaBaKaMrrper(parrrrbsaculis. fienyraqin or sctx {paxqit eapeficxofto6rqunar uoctrura upeubep-MrrHncrpaB. fony6oenqa, noropouy EpeI1 ) C u . r a a . < K i e s c x a n M u c : r r > o r 3 - r o u a p r a 1 9 1 8r .
t22
craBsJra MeMopaHAyMo co6ruisx. Ilpnre4n Aarrrrbltro MaccoBrrx nacunixx, ycrauoBnelrHbrx KoMncciefi npn Aytt6' MeMopaHAyM nag rpa?firauaulr trpoucxogfiT
123
Jnrrrrqecr{Ex traprifi craparorcff BctMrl rutpauu troAaBrrrb troo6rqr'rna, rpoMuoenacrpoenie>. <0ro rfi'fieJloeBpeuff, rpe6yer oco6aro rrorururrecfiaro raxra r.I ocropofiurocrrl)). <l). OtuMu npegynpeffi4eninur.r na lrutsmie utcro ipaxrn, Korga Bo enpeftcHaro6u$auaHaMeriaJla BpeMff Hiescnux oxrleccoB urbnotopue erpeficnie 06nreaterfi xor:bnr o6parrarrcR e n:bueqnylo fioMel{Aarypy c upocr6ot o nutruarenrcret. ErrILI Aaxe cs;bgtuiR, vto eupeftcxaro6rrsarentcxaa Aeryrarlis raa oxpaus noctrula c orofi qfnsrc ntueqxia BoeHHbIffBJracTu. O6ulrna cquraila rarde uraru 6estarmbrMlr uo oruomeniro fi yxpalrrqau tr [peAvrlpeffiAaJla o6 arou erpeficxltx rrurenefi. flosrn s rtx-ffie aupaxeninx, qro npe4craBure.nuo6rrlr{Hbr,roBoprrJlM noeegeniu oipifraqia.trnblx Hp)noB B cBoeMBo3esaHiu ra erpeficnie rrracHBlelopogcxoft Ayuu. Ho a erpeficnoft npecc:h 6r,rna urbcxonmo [pyran oqtnHa aroro uone4euia. Zait>, s cratrlb !). ator 