Dupont

Dupont Analysis

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Dupont Analysis

DUPONT Analysis of Some Selected Indian Companies DUPONT Analysis of RONW Ashok Leyland RONW PAT/NW

Profit Margin PAT/ SALES

Asset Turnover SALES/ TOTAL ASSETS

DUPONT

Asset Leverage TOTAL ASSETS/ NET WORTH

2004-05

2003-04

2002-03

20.02%

16.30%

12.40%

5.6%

4.9%

3.91%

Asset Turnover

142.9%

155.1%

250.3%

Asset Leverage

249.9%

213.48%

252.08%

RONW Profit Margin

DUPONT Analysis of ROCE

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ROCE PBIT/CE

Profit Margin PBIT/ SALES

Asset Turnover SALES/ TOTAL ASSETS

Asset Leverage TOTAL ASSETS/ CE

DUPONT ROCE Profit Margin Asset Turnover

2004-05

2003-04

2002-03

15.9%

17%

10.1%

7.37%

7.29%

5.53%

142.9%

155.1%

126%

Asset Leverage

151.1%

150.2%

144.6%

Implications: The ROCE shows a declining trend except for the last year. This was largely due to decline in Profit Margins. The company has however tamed the buck by increasing the asset turnover to arrive at a better overall ROCE. The ROCE is not as good as NALCO (28%) but equivalent to that of STERLITE

DUPONT Analysis of ROTA

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ROTA PBIT/TA

Turnover Revenues/Total Asset

DUPONT ROTA Turnover Operating Profit Current Asset Leverage

Operating Profit PBIT/ Revenues

Current Asset Leverage Sales / CA

2004-05

2003-04

2002-03

15.9%

17%

10.1%

125.8%

134.7%

143.5%

8.38%

8.39%

8.38%

223%

268.3%

229.3%

Bajaj Auto

DUPOT AALYSIS DuPont Analysis : Dupont Analysis is an approach to analyse the firm by evaluating inter relationships among many of the performance measures. In the Dupont Analysis we try to find out what are the factors/drivers that are causing the profits to move up. By identifying these factors/drivers we can concentrate on them and improve our efficiency. ROTA 2004 - 05

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ROTA = PBIT / Total Asset 0.1311

PBIT / Sales

Sales / Total Asset

0.1895

0.7638

COGS / Sales

Expenses / Sales

Dep.n / Sales

Sales / FA

Sales / CA

0.7151

0.1624

0.0323

5.0284

2.2151

Salary / Sales

Sales / Debtors

Sales / Cash

Sales / Inventory

0.0434

32.5377

52.8214

25.5861

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2003 - 04 ROTA = PBIT / Total Asset 0.1345

PBIT / Sales

Sales / Total Asset

0.2022 0.6652

COGS / Sales

Expenses / Sales

0.6728

0.1869

Dep/ Sales

Sales / FA

Sales / CA

0.0378

3.8592

2.3162

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ROTA = PBIT / Total Asset 0.1275

2002 - 03

PBIT / Sales

Sales / Total Asset

0.1899

0.6715

COGS / Sales

Expenses / Sales

Dep / Sales

Sales / FA

Sales / CA

0.6475

0.1939

0.0411

3.2037

1.9299

Salary / Sales

Sales / Debtors

Sales / Cash

0.0572

24.9048

138.6367

Sales / Inventory 19.9957

ROCE 2004 - 05

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€ € € € € € ROCE 2002 - 2003 TA Chart 80000 75100 71482

70000

61939

60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 2004-05

2003-04 TA ( mn)

2002-03

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ROW 2004 - 05

ROW = PAT / W 0.1794

PAT / Sales

Sales / Total Asset

Total Asset / W

0.1337

0.7638

1.7571

Sales / FA

Sales / CA

Total Asset / Capital

Total Asset / R & S

5.0284

2.2151

74.2094

1.8621

Sales / Debtor

Sales / Cash

Sales / Inventory

32.5377

52.7728

25.5861

ROW 2003 - 2004

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ROW = PAT / W 0.1917

PAT / Sales

Sales / Total Asset

Total Asset / W

0.1538

0.6652

1.8730

Sales / FA

Sales / CA

Total Asset / Capital

Total Asset / R & S

3.8594

2.3162

70.6344

1.9898

Sales / Debtor

Sales / Cash

Sales / Inventory

35.5131

59.8892

23.4709

€ € €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ €

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ROW = PAT / W 0.1578

PAT / Sales

Sales / Total Asset

Total Asset / W

O.1295

0.6715

1.8148

Sales / FA

Sales / CA

Total Asset / Capital

Total Asset / R & S

3.2037

1.9299

61.2046

1.973

Sales / Debtor

Sales / Cash

Sales / Inventory

24.9048

138.6367

19.9957

€ €

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DRL DuPont Analysis The three components of DuPont measure the profitability, efficiency and the degree of leverage of the firm. The DuPont chart makes an intra firm comparison among these three parameters for three years. The profitability of the firm as shown by the first component has decreased from 0.26 to 0.05 which is not good for the company. This can be further explained as a consequence of the increase in the cost of goods sold which is in turn due to the increase in raw material and labor costs. There is also a marginal increase in the marketing expenses which may not significantly affect profitability. Therefore the major causes for poor profitability are rising material and labor costs. The second component is indicative of the asset use efficiency of the firm. The asset turnover has decreased from 0.73 to 0.59. This shows a declining trend in the usage efficiency of the assets. When the DuPont chart is used to track down the area of concern, we can find that fixed asset turnover has remained fairly constant and in some cases even improved over the three years. However, current asset turnover is not so satisfactory. Even among the current assets, we can find that the ratio of sales to cash has been fairly consistent. Stock turnover has on the other hand declined and this is the reason for inefficient asset usage. Stock here implies both raw materials and finished goods. We can see that the stock turnover ratio has declined from 7.1 to 5.69 thereby causing resource inefficiency. The third component shows the degree of leverage of the firm. Though the ratio between total assets and capital employed has remained fairly consistent, on closer examination, one can find that there is a huge anomaly with respect to long term loans. There is a steep decline from 62 times to 11 times. This shows how the leverage of the firm has changed as a result of long term loans. The company has taken huge long term loans to finance its activities and this has rightly been reflected in the DuPont chart.

DU-POT CHARTS Tata Motors

ROCE-2005

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In case of Tata Motors Ltd. we can see that the RoCE was at 0.28 i.e. for every Rs.100 of CE the profit(PBIT) is Rs.23, in 2002-2003. this went up to 0.43 i.e. for every Rs.100 of CE the profit(PBIT) is Rs.43, in 2003-2004 and took a plunge in 2004-2005 when it went down to 0.33 i.e. for every Rs.100 of CE the profit(PBIT) is Rs.33. What seems strange is that the other ratios have been indicating a bull run for the company and this is the first ratio that the picture isn’t all that rosy as it seems to be. To analyze what is going wrong, we will have to scrutinize the balance sheet a little more closely. Immediately we’ll find that two components of CE have drastically gone up. The share capital has gone up, and complementing that increase, the long term debts have increased drastically. Though the secured loans have gone down, a big chunk of unsecured loans has come in. this rate of increase in CE is higher than the rate at which the PBIT has been increasing. This points at possibility of better corporate governance to boost up ROI on CE i.e. RoCE, and hence benefiting the Profit Generating Ability(PGA) of the company.

RONW – 2005

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Tata Motors has been enjoying a steady increase in the RoNW last three financial years. However, there has been a slight slowdown in this increase in rate between the FY ended 2004 and the FY ended 2005. As can be seen in the balance sheet, the PAT as well as the PBIT has been increasing.

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Therefore the only other reason why this could be happening is because of the increase in the share capital. This fact can be corroborated from the increase in the share capital as can be seen in the balance sheet.

ROTA - 2005

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Tata Motors Ltd. has faced a situation similar to the previous ratio here. The RoTA has gone up in the FYs ended 2002-2003 and 2003-2004. Here

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after seeing the balance sheet, we can find out the reason. The assets have been increasing at faster rate as compared to the PBIT. This is also proves another thing, the investment decisions of the company are not garnering enough profits.

8.0 DuPont Analysis: Hero Honda

8.0.1 Return on et Worth

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8.0.2 Return on Capital Employed

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8.0.3 Return on Total Asset

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The return on Net Worth of Hero Honda is a staggering 63.95%, which is way above those of Bajaj & TVS. The major rise behind the huge RONW is the fact that the Net worth of Hero Honda is way lower as compared that of its competitors. The Net Worth of Hero Honda stands at Rs 1139 crore, out of which capital comprises of Rs 40 crore, whereas that of Bajaj stands at Rs 3694 crore. One of the strengths of Hero Honda is the efficient working capital management as a result its able to reduce its cost to the minimum extent possible. It has a policy of financing even its fixed assets by current liability. As a result it is using a source which either does not has any cost or if it has any cost its very minimum. The following important facts stand out from the Dupont analysis:
Its cogs/sales ratio has fallen from 85% in 01-02 to 82% in 03-04. This reflects the large scale cost reduction measures initiated by Hero Honda. In this tough competition where selling price cannot be increased, cost reduction is the only option available for increasing the profits.
Its sales/FA ratio increased from 925% in 01-02 to 1019% in 03-04. This shows that Hero Honda is able to generate more sales from same amount of Fixed assets. It shows that they are also undertaking measures to increase productivity, which is of utmost importance for survival in modern competitive world.
Its sales/cash ratio has increased from 4166% to 16157%, which reflects the after effect of a sound cash management policy. The company is maintaining cash which is optimum, considering its future plans.
The sales/debtors ratio has increased from 4522%in 01-02 to 13693% in 03-04, which shows the efficient credit and follow up procedure. Thus the company is ale to play with its creditors because o its position as a market leader and for other reasons as well, which in turn reduces the financing needs of the company.
Sales/inventories ratio rose to 3186% in 03-04 from 2545% in 01-02, This is also the effect of working capital management policies. Similarly ROCE of Hero Honda is around 82% for last few years, whereas that of its competitors is hovering around the 20% level. This not only reflects the above proved sound working capital management, but also reflects the low debt policy of Hero Honda. The Long term Debt of Hero Honda for 03-04 is Rs 175crore whereas that of Bajaj has touched the sky high limit of Rs 1006 crore. It shows that Hero Honda is also not using its 2nd source of finance,i.e. Long term Debt. Thus it clearly shows that Hero Honda’s major source of finance is its current liabilities, which stood at Rs 1260.05crore which not only exceeds its current liability, but is also very close to crossing its figure of capital employed. This is a breathtaking fact, which shows the company is financing its fixed assets from its current liabilities. This can be risky as the company might face short term liquidity crisis in future. But the company is following with this because of its control over sundry debtors, whereby its able to realize funds from debtors at a very short notice. The above analysis gives us a light as to why Hero Honda is able to maintain its dominance in 2 wheeler segment for such a long period.

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red to that from sale of goods.

The data used to calculate all the ratios used in DU PONT chart are shown below. DATA SALES PBIT TA FA CA CE OF LTL COGS EXP DEP INVENTORY DEBTORS CASH OTHER CA LOANS & ADV

2002-03 2704.53 203.97 1069.35 532.67 448.76 539.79 422.95 121.89 1858.68 583 79.91 214.07 52.21 82.46 0 100.02

TVS 2003-04 2820.21 215.74 1281.13 704.18 436.03 676.09 574.95 119.01 1855.17 705 79.89 216.66 51.9 18 0.19 149.28

2004-05 2875.91 201.24 1521.98 770.48 506.65 769.33 678.83 186.84 1981.42 683 89.63 233.23 34.56 73.87 0.29 164.7

2002-03 4159.08 789.71 6193.93 1298.22 2155.13 1523.34 3240.6 840.22 2692.75 806.52 171.15 207.98 167.03 30.02 59.44 1690.63

BAJAJ 2003-04 4755.17 961.33 7148.23 1232.07 2053.04 966.72 3693.62 1005.72 3199.22 888.58 179.89 202.56 133.94 79.37 45.48 1591.68

2004-05 5736.35 1087.07 8295.19 1140.83 2589.74 940.65 4134.34 1226.99 4102.08 931.43 185.36 224.17 176.34 108.68 68.53 2012.01

ANALYSIS  TVS has a lower ROCE mainly because of low operating profit (PBIT) and comparatively higher capital employed. This has been the

 

recent trend in past 3 years when TVS is trying to expand and hence incurring more cost on it, as a result its non-trade investment is quite low as compared to other competitors who have been operating in market for a quit long time. PBIT/SALES is less for TVS mainly because of higher EXP/SALES as compared to the industry average. SALES/TA of TVS is more than the industry average mainly because of lower Total-Assets, which in turn is due to lower CurrentAssets.

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SALES/CA is also quite high for TVS as compared that of Bajaj mainly because of lower amounts of ‘OTHER CA’ and ‘LOANS &



ADV’, or in other words, huge SALES/OTHER CA and SALES/LOANS & ADV. As explained earlier, Capital Employed of TVS is low mainly because it has low Net Worth and it has raised lower amount of Long Term Loans when compared with Bajaj.

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