Endometrioma: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, And Annotated Research Guide To Internet References

ENDOMETRIOMA A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES

J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS

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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1

Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Endometrioma: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-497-00402-X 1. Endometrioma-Popular works. I. Title.

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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.

Copyright Notice If a physician wishes to copy limited passages from this book for patient use, this right is automatically granted without written permission from ICON Group International, Inc. (ICON Group). However, all of ICON Group publications have copyrights. With exception to the above, copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International, Inc. The disclaimer above must accompany all reproductions, in whole or in part, of this book.

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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on endometrioma. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.

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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.

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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes&Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health

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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON ENDOMETRIOMA ...................................................................................... 3 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 3 Federally Funded Research on Endometrioma............................................................................... 3 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed .................................................................................. 3 CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND ENDOMETRIOMA............................................................................. 23 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 23 Finding Nutrition Studies on Endometrioma.............................................................................. 23 Federal Resources on Nutrition ................................................................................................... 24 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 24 CHAPTER 3. PATENTS ON ENDOMETRIOMA ................................................................................... 27 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 27 Patent Applications on Endometrioma ........................................................................................ 27 Keeping Current .......................................................................................................................... 28 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES ............................................................................................ 33 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 33 NIH Guidelines............................................................................................................................ 33 NIH Databases............................................................................................................................. 35 Other Commercial Databases....................................................................................................... 37 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES ................................................................................................. 39 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 39 Patient Guideline Sources............................................................................................................ 39 Finding Associations.................................................................................................................... 41 APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES .................................................................................. 43 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 43 Preparation................................................................................................................................... 43 Finding a Local Medical Library.................................................................................................. 43 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada ................................................................................... 43 ONLINE GLOSSARIES.................................................................................................................. 49 Online Dictionary Directories ..................................................................................................... 49 ENDOMETRIOMA DICTIONARY ............................................................................................. 51 INDEX ................................................................................................................................................ 65

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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with endometrioma is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about endometrioma, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to endometrioma, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on endometrioma. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to endometrioma, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on endometrioma. The Editors

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From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.

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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON ENDOMETRIOMA Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on endometrioma.

Federally Funded Research on Endometrioma The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to endometrioma. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to endometrioma. For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore endometrioma.

The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.3

2 Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH). 3 PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text

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The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals. To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with endometrioma, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “endometrioma” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for endometrioma (hyperlinks lead to article summaries): •

A degenerating cystic uterine fibroid mimicking an endometrioma on sonography. Author(s): Reddy NM, Jain KA, Gerscovich EO. Source: Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. 2003 September; 22(9): 973-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14510270

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A rectal endometrioma producing intestinal obstruction. Author(s): Insabato L, D'Armiento FP, Tornillo L. Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 1994 July; 19(1): 82-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7930443

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A ruptured ovarian endometrioma mimicking ovarian malignancy: case report. Author(s): Gocmen A, Karaca M, Tarakcioglu M. Source: Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 2003; 24(5): 445-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14584668

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A study of tubo-ovarian and ovarian abscesses, with a focus on cases with endometrioma. Author(s): Kubota T, Ishi K, Takeuchi H. Source: The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. 1997 October; 23(5): 421-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9392906

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Abdominal incisional endometrioma following cesarean section: a case report. Author(s): Laohapensang K. Source: J Med Assoc Thai. 1999 December; 82(12): 1257-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10659571

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Abdominal wall endometrioma after cesarean section: a preventable complication. Author(s): Wasfie T, Gomez E, Seon S, Zado B. Source: Int Surg. 2002 July-September; 87(3): 175-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12403094

journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.

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Abdominal wall endometrioma following caesarean section. Author(s): Winkler RE, Iraci JC, Cassell LS, Marino JM. Source: S Afr J Surg. 2002 February; 40(1): 17-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12082963

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Abdominal wall endometrioma in a laparoscopic trocar tract: a case report. Author(s): Healy JT, Wilkinson NW, Sawyer M. Source: The American Surgeon. 1995 November; 61(11): 962-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7486427

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Abdominal wall endometrioma. Author(s): Miller WB Jr, Melson GL. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1979 March; 132(3): 467-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=106662

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Abdominal wall endometrioma: CT findings. Author(s): Amato M, Levitt R. Source: Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 1984 December; 8(6): 1213-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6238984

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An extremely elevated serum CA125 level in a Crohn's patient developing endometriosis and the establishment of a cell line (MD-E) from the endometrioma. Author(s): Srivastava MD, Piver MS. Source: J Med. 1991; 22(3): 133-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1770321

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An unusually large endometrioma simulating an ovarian malignancy. Author(s): Reuter KL, Davidoff A, Cooney JV, Hunter RE. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1988 October; 151(4): 834-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3262294

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Case report: large endometrioma in pregnancy. Author(s): Birken RA, Stern SE, Halipoto MH. Source: Tex Med. 1982 July; 78(7): 50. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7123501

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Case report: peri-anal episiotomy scar endometrioma imaged by CT and sector endoluminal ultrasound. Author(s): Yackovich FH, Bender GN, Tsuchida AM. Source: Clinical Radiology. 1994 August; 49(8): 578-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7955876

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Cellular heterogeneity in long-term surviving cells isolated from eutopic endometrial, ovarian endometrioma and adenomyosis tissues. Author(s): Tanaka T, Nakajima S, Umesaki N. Source: Oncol Rep. 2003 September-October; 10(5): 1155-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12883673

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Computed tomography appearance of subcutaneous endometrioma. Author(s): Grassi CJ, Alday MR, Costello P. Source: J Comput Tomogr. 1985 April; 9(2): 157-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3987336

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Early-stage carcinoma of the cervix complicating pregnancy with metastasis to an ovarian endometrioma. A case report. Author(s): Johnston GA Jr, Clausen K. Source: J Reprod Med. 1982 June; 27(6): 371-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6889651

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Effect of interferon alpha-2b on endometrioma cells in vitro. Author(s): Badawy SZ, Etman A, Cuenca V, Montante A, Kaufman L. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 September; 98(3): 417-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11530122

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Effects of chocolate cyst fluid on endometrioma cell growth in culture. Author(s): Badawy SZ, Cuenca V, Kumar S, Holland J. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1998 November; 70(5): 827-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9806561

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Elevated serum CA125 and CA19-9 due to the spontaneous rupture of ovarian endometrioma. Author(s): Kurata H, Sasaki M, Kase H, Yamamoto Y, Aoki Y, Tanaka K. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 2002 October 10; 105(1): 75-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12270571

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Endometrioma in a cesarean scar: case report and review of the literature. Author(s): Kale S, Shuster M, Shangold J. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1971 October 15; 111(4): 596-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5094517

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Endometrioma in a cesarean section scar--a case report. Author(s): Lai CS, Lin TM, Tsai CC, Lin SD, Su JH. Source: Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2001 June; 17(7): 381-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11593966

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Endometrioma involving the perianal tissues: report of a case. Author(s): Ramsey WH. Source: Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 1971 September-October; 14(5): 366-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5096012

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Endometrioma masquerading as an anorectal abscess: report of a case. Author(s): Swerdlow DB. Source: Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 1975 October; 18(7): 620-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1181167

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Endometrioma of the abdominal wall following combined abdominoplasty and hysterectomy: case report and review of the literature. Author(s): Matthes G, Zabel DD, Nastala CL, Shestak KC. Source: Annals of Plastic Surgery. 1998 June; 40(6): 672-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9641291

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Endometrioma of the abdominal wall. Author(s): Bumpers HL, Butler KL, Best IM. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 December; 187(6): 1709-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12501087

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Endometrioma of the anterior abdominal wall. Author(s): Frydman CP, Schwartz JW, Schwartz IS. Source: The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, New York. 1986 February; 53(2): 160-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2939342

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Endometrioma of the kidney: case report. Author(s): Bazaz-Malik G, Saraf V, Rana BS. Source: The Journal of Urology. 1980 March; 123(3): 422-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7359648

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Endometrioma of the liver. Author(s): Bohra AK, Diamond T. Source: Int J Clin Pract. 2001 May; 55(4): 286-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11406920

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Endometrioma of the liver. Author(s): Rovati V, Faleschini E, Vercellini P, Nervetti G, Tagliabue G, Benzi G. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1990 November; 163(5 Pt 1): 1490-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2240093

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Endometrioma of the perineum associated with episiotomy scars. Author(s): Sully L. Source: Scott Med J. 1977 October; 22(4): 307-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=929178

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Endometrioma of the pubis: a differential in the diagnosis of hip pain. A report of two cases. Author(s): Pellegrini VD Jr, Pasternak HS, Macaulay WP. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 1981 October; 63(8): 1333-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6985559

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Endometrioma of the rectum: case report. Author(s): Keane B, Arulambalam R, Cunninghame J. Source: N Z Med J. 1977 July 13; 86(591): 16-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=271857

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Endometrioma of the trocar site after laparoscopy. Author(s): Wakefield SE, Hellen EA. Source: The European Journal of Surgery = Acta Chirurgica. 1996 June; 162(6): 523-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8817234

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Endometrioma of the vagina in menopause. Author(s): Rabinerson D, Avrech O, Kaplan B, Braslavsky D, Goldman GA, Neri A. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1996 May; 75(5): 506-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8677781

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Endometrioma of uterine serosa in a woman with mosaic Turner's syndrome receiving hormone replacement therapy: case report. Author(s): Tazuke SI, Milki AA. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 2002 November; 17(11): 2977-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12407060

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Endometrioma simulating inguinal hernia: case reports. Author(s): Li AC, Siu WT, Li MK. Source: Canadian Journal of Surgery. Journal Canadien De Chirurgie. 1999 October; 42(5): 387-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10526526

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Endometrioma. An intra-abdominal troublemaker. Author(s): Keane TE, Peel AL. Source: Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 1990 November; 33(11): 963-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2226084

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Endometrioma: analysis and sonographic classification of 51 documented cases. Author(s): Fried AM, Rhodes RA, Morehouse IR. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1993 March; 86(3): 297-301. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8141859

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Endometrioma: sonographic classification. Author(s): Nezhat C, Nezhat F. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1994 January; 87(1): 99-100. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8284731

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Explosive rise of serum CA 125 following the rupture of ovarian endometrioma. Author(s): Johansson J, Santala M, Kauppila A. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1998 December; 13(12): 3503-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9886540

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Exposure of human oocytes to endometrioma fluid does not alter fertilization or early embryo development. Author(s): Khamsi F, Yavas Y, Lacanna IC, Roberge S, Endman M, Wong JC. Source: Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics. 2001 February; 18(2): 106-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11285976

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Expression of vimentin and cytokeratin in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of women with adenomyosis and ovarian endometrioma. Author(s): Song IO, Hong SR, Huh Y, Yoo KJ, Koong MK, Jun JY, Kang IS. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 1998 July; 40(1): 26-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9689357

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Extrapelvic retroperitoneal endometrioma. Author(s): Kelemen PR. Source: American Journal of Surgery. 2002 July; 184(1): 52-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12135719

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Extremely elevated CA 125 level due to an unruptured large endometrioma. Author(s): Atabekoglu CS, Sonmezer M, Aydinuraz B, Dunder I. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 2003 September 10; 110(1): 105-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12932883

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Genitourinary case of the day. Endometrioma. Author(s): Moran RE, Older RA, De Angelis GA, Baghdady BH, Chrisman HB, Ciambotti JM. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1996 July; 167(1): 246, 248-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8659387

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Giant endometrioma. Author(s): Andersen O, Giustra P, Leidinger R. Source: American Journal of Surgery. 2001 March; 181(3): 272-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11376585

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Growth and rupture of an ovarian endometrioma in pregnancy. Author(s): Vercellini P, Ferrari A, Vendola N, Carinelli SG. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1992 March; 37(3): 203-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1351008

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Hepatic endometrioma. Author(s): Grabb A, Carr L, Goodman JD, Mendelson DS, Cohen B, Finkel L. Source: Journal of Clinical Ultrasound : Jcu. 1986 July-August; 14(6): 478-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3091652

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Hepatic endometrioma: a case report and review of the literature. Author(s): Inal M, Bicakci K, Soyupak S, Oguz M, Ozer C, Demirbas O, Akgul E. Source: European Radiology. 2000; 10(3): 431-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10756990

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Ileal endometrioma: report of a case. Author(s): Orda R, Deligdisch L, Stadler J. Source: The American Surgeon. 1973 June; 39(6): 358-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4706746

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Imaging of a hepatic endometrioma in a patient with multiple haemangiomas. Author(s): Groves AM, Whitfield R, Lomas DJ, Gibbs P. Source: Journal of Hepatology. 2003 April; 38(4): 547. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12663252

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Incisional endometrioma involving the rectus abdominis muscle and subcutaneous tissues: CT appearance. Author(s): Coley BD, Casola G. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1993 March; 160(3): 549-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8430549

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Incisional endometrioma. Author(s): Sari A, Latifoglu O, Memis L, Yavuzer R. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2003 August; 112(2): 712-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12900658

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Infected endometrioma in pregnancy masquerading as acute appendicitis. Author(s): Phupong V, Rungruxsirivorn T, Tantbirojn P, Triratanachat S, Vasuratna A. Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2004 March; 269(3): 219-20. Epub 2003 December 16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14676964

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Infected endometrioma with ascites and bilateral pleural effusion. Author(s): Naru T, Chaudhury N. Source: J Pak Med Assoc. 2001 July; 51(7): 262-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11558220

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Influence of ovarian endometrioma on fertility. Author(s): Ishimaru T, Masuzaki H, Samejima T, Fujishita A, Nakamura K, Yamabe T. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1994 August; 171(2): 541-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8059838

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Influence of pelvic endometriosis and ovarian endometrioma on fertility. Author(s): Fujishita A, Khan KN, Masuzaki H, Ishimaru T. Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 2002; 53 Suppl 1: 40-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11834867

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Laparoscopic partial cystectomy for vesical endometrioma. Author(s): Ferzli G, Wenof M, Giannakakos A, Raboy A, Albert P. Source: J Laparoendosc Surg. 1993 April; 3(2): 161-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8518471

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Laparoscopic removal of a pelvic endometrioma attached to the ureter. Author(s): Wood C, Maher P. Source: The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery. 1993 September; 63(9): 7356. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8363488

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Laparoscopic resection of sigmoid endometrioma. Author(s): Garcha IS, Perloe M, Strawn EY, Mason EM. Source: The American Surgeon. 1996 April; 62(4): 274-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8600846

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Laparoscopic surgery for the management of ovarian endometrioma. Author(s): Yoshida S, Harada T, Iwabe T, Terakawa N. Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 2002; 54 Suppl 1: 24-7; Discussion 27-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12441657

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Laparoscopic treatment of endometrioma-associated infertility and pregnancy outcome. Author(s): Takuma N, Sengoku K, Pan B, Wada K, Yamauchi T, Miyamoto T, Ohsumi D, Ishikawa M. Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 2002; 54 Suppl 1: 30-4; Discussion 34-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12441658

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Laparoscopic treatment of ovarian endometrioma. One year follow-up. Author(s): Montanino G, Porpora MG, Montanino Oliva M, Gulemi L, Boninfante M, Cosmi EV. Source: Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 1996; 23(2): 70-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8737616

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Large endometrioma occurring in an adolescent. Author(s): Roth MS, Goodner DM. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1977 March; 49(3): 364-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=840466

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Large endometrioma with intrauterine pregnancy. Author(s): Ninia JG. Source: N Y State J Med. 1992 August; 92(8): 364. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1513517

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Large postmenopausal ovarian endometrioma. Author(s): Bellina JH, Schenck D. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2000 November; 96(5 Pt 2): 846. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11094238

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Left lateral predisposition of endometriosis and endometrioma. Author(s): Al-Fozan H, Tulandi T. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003 January; 101(1): 164-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12517662

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Magnetic resonance imaging using "fat-saturation" technique is useful for diagnosing small endometrioma: a case report. Author(s): Takahashi K, Okada S, Kitao M, Sugimura K. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1992 November; 58(5): 1063-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1426360

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Magnetic resonance relaxation time in evaluating the cyst fluid characteristics of endometrioma. Author(s): Takahashi K, Okada S, Okada M, Kitao M, Kaji Y, Sugimura K. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1996 April; 11(4): 857-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8671340

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Ovarian abscess arising within an endometrioma. Author(s): Lipscomb GH, Ling FW, Photopulos GJ. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1991 November; 78(5 Pt 2): 951-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1923238

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Ovarian abscess caused by Peptostreptococcus magnus following transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration of ovarian endometrioma and fixation with pure ethanol. Author(s): Mikamo H, Kawazoe K, Sato Y, Itoh M, Tamaya T. Source: Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1998; 6(2): 66-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9702588

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Ovarian abscess following puncture of an endometrioma during ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval. Author(s): Padilla SL. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1993 August; 8(8): 1282-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8408527

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Ovarian blood flow before and after conservative laparoscopic treatment for endometrioma. Author(s): La Torre R, Montanino-Oliva M, Marchiani E, Boninfante M, Montanino G, Cosmi EV. Source: Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 1998; 25(1-2): 12-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9743870

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Ovarian endometrioma associated with very high serum CA-125 levels. Author(s): Shiau CS, Chang MY, Chiang CH, Hsieh CC, Hsieh TT. Source: Chang Gung Med J. 2003 September; 26(9): 695-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14651169

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Patient presentations: panel discussion. Endometrial carcinoma arising in an ovarian endometrioma. Author(s): Blanchard ME. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1967 December 1; 99(7): 908-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6058740

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Pelvic abscess after ultrasound-guided aspiration of endometrioma: a case report. Author(s): Wei CF, Chen SC. Source: Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei). 1998 October; 61(10): 603-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9830238

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Performance of US in the diagnosis of endometrioma. Author(s): Guerriero S, Ajossa S, Melis G. Source: Radiology. 2000 April; 215(1): 305-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10751504

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Perianal endometrioma: report of five cases. Author(s): Gordon PH, Schottler JL, Balcos EG, Goldberg SM. Source: Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 1976 April; 19(3): 260-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1269354

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Perineal endometrioma in episiotomy incisions: clinical features and management. Author(s): Hambrick E, Abcarian H, Smith D. Source: Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 1979 November-December; 22(8): 550-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=527447

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Polypoid endometrioma of the rectosigmoid. Author(s): Bashist B, Forde KA, McCaffrey RM. Source: Gastrointest Radiol. 1983; 8(1): 85-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6832544

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Poor response of ovaries with endometrioma previously treated with cystectomy to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Author(s): Ho HY, Lee RK, Hwu YM, Lin MH, Su JT, Tsai YC. Source: Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics. 2002 November; 19(11): 507-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12484492

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Postmenopausal endometrioma and hormonal replacement therapy. Author(s): Goh JT, Hall BA. Source: The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 1992 November; 32(4): 384-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1337826

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Predictive value of color Doppler for ovarian endometrioma. Author(s): Guerriero S, Mais V, Ajossa S, Melis GB. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1995 May; 63(5): 1136-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7720936

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Pregnancy complicated by ruptured endometrioma. Author(s): Rossman F, D'Ablaing G 3rd, Marrs RP. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1983 October; 62(4): 519-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6888830

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Pregnancy following transvaginal sonographic guided aspiration of endometrioma. Author(s): Abu-Musa A, Takahashi K, Nagata H, Kitao M. Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 1991; 31(2): 90-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2037264

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Pre-operative treatment of an abdominal wall endometrioma with nafarelin acetate. Case report. Author(s): Kennedy SH, Brodribb J, Godfrey AM, Barlow DH. Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1988 May; 95(5): 521-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2969747

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Rapid recurrence of endometrioma after transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration. Author(s): Kafali H. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 2004 March 15; 113(1): 114. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15036725

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Rapid recurrence of endometrioma after transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration. Author(s): Chan LY, So WW, Lao TT. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 2003 August 15; 109(2): 196-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12860341

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Re: abdominal wall endometrioma in a laparoscopic trocar tract: a case report. Author(s): Thylan S. Source: The American Surgeon. 1996 July; 62(7): 617. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8651562

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Re: Endometrioma of the abdominal wall following combined abdominoplasty and hysterectomy: case report and review of the literature. Author(s): Rayatt S, Wilson G. Source: Annals of Plastic Surgery. 1999 January; 42(1): 110. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9972731

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Recreational physical activity and endometrioma risk. Author(s): Dhillon PK, Holt VL. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2003 July 15; 158(2): 156-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12851229

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Rectus abdominis endometrioma. Author(s): Roberge RJ, Kantor WJ, Scorza L. Source: The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 1999 November; 17(7): 675-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10597087

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Recurrence of ovarian endometrioma after laparoscopic excision. Author(s): Busacca M, Marana R, Caruana P, Candiani M, Muzii L, Calia C, Bianchi S. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1999 March; 180(3 Pt 1): 519-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10076121

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Relationship between abnormally high levels of plasma CA 125 and resolution of acute pelvic pain in two women with endometrioma. Author(s): Guerriero S, Ajossa S, Caffiero A, Mais V. Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 1995; 40(1): 61-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7557647

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Residents' corner. Answer to case of the month #95. Endometrioma of the bladder. Endometrioma of the bladder. Author(s): Minville L, Langis PA. Source: Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal = Journal L'association Canadienne Des Radiologistes. 2004 April; 55(2): 120-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15131934

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Rupture of an ovarian endometrioma during the first trimester of pregnancy. Author(s): Garcia-Velasco JA, Alvarez M, Palumbo A, Gonzalez-Gonzalez A, Ordas J. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1998 January; 76(1): 41-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9481545

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Salmonella abscess in an ovarian endometrioma. Author(s): Kemmann E, Cummins L, Dietzel H. Source: N J Med. 1993 August; 90(8): 596-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8414206

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Scar endometrioma: a cause for concern in the light of the rising caesarean section rate. Author(s): Olufowobi O, Sorinola O, Miller SJ, Condie RG. Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology : the Journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2003 January; 23(1): 86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12647714

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Scar endometrioma: awareness and prevention. Author(s): Bachir JS, Bachir NM. Source: Wmj. 2002; 101(1): 46-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12025755

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Secondary infection of an endometrioma following fine-needle aspiration. Author(s): Martino CR, Haaga JR, Bryan PJ. Source: Radiology. 1984 April; 151(1): 53-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6701335

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Shrinkage of recurrent endometrioma, after danazol. Author(s): Rimdusit P, Ratanaprakarn S. Source: J Med Assoc Thai. 1991 April; 74(4): 233-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1940710

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Sonographic demonstration of endometrioma arising in cesarean scar. Author(s): Vincent LM, Mittelstaedt CA. Source: Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. 1985 August; 4(8): 437-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3897568

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Spatially heterogeneous expression of aromatase P450 through promoter II is closely correlated with the level of steroidogenic factor-1 transcript in endometrioma tissues. Author(s): Yang HJ, Shozu M, Murakami K, Sumitani H, Segawa T, Kasai T, Inoue M. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2002 August; 87(8): 3745-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12161505

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Stromal endometrioma mimicking acute appendicitis. Author(s): Heupel HW, Reece RL, Pincus M. Source: Minn Med. 1970 February; 53(2): 153-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5414438

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Subcutaneous endometrioma as an unexpected cause of chronic abdominal pain. Author(s): Banks KP. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2003 October; 181(4): 1157. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14500250

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Suburethral endometrioma. A case report. Author(s): Wu YC, Liang CC, Soong YK. Source: J Reprod Med. 2003 March; 48(3): 204-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12698781

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Supernumerary ovary with an endometrioma and osseous metaplasia: a case report. Author(s): Badawy SZ, Kasello DJ, Powers C, Elia G, Wojtowycz AR. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1995 November; 173(5): 1623-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7503213

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Surgical scar endometrioma. Author(s): Koger KE, Shatney CH, Hodge K, McClenathan JH. Source: Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1993 September; 177(3): 243-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8356497

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The case of the endometrioma. Author(s): Seaman WB. Source: Hosp Pract. 1978 October; 13(10): 35-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=730128

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The efficiency of transvaginal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of endometrioma. Author(s): Mais V, Guerriero S, Ajossa S, Angiolucci M, Paoletti AM, Melis GB. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1993 November; 60(5): 776-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8224260

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The ovarian endometrioma: why is it so poorly managed? Indicators from an anonymous survey. Author(s): Jones KD, Fan A, Sutton CJ. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 2002 April; 17(4): 845-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11925370

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The ovarian endometrioma: why is it so poorly managed? Laparoscopic treatment of large ovarian endometrioma: why such a long learning curve? Author(s): Canis M, Mage G, Wattiez A, Pouly JL, Bruhat MA. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 2003 January; 18(1): 5-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12525432

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The role of estradiol, progesterone, and transforming growth factor on human endometrioma cell culture. Author(s): Badawy SZ, Holland J, Landas S, Frankel L, Cuenca V, Khan S. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 1996 July; 36(1): 58-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8831902

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The role of transvaginal ultrasonography combined with color velocity imaging and pulsed Doppler in the diagnosis of endometrioma. Author(s): Alcazar JL, Laparte C, Jurado M, Lopez-Garcia G. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1997 March; 67(3): 487-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9091335

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The use of potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser for laparoscopic removal of ovarian endometrioma. Author(s): Marrs RP. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1991 June; 164(6 Pt 1): 1622-6; Discussion 1626-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1828651

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Transvaginal sonographic diagnosis of ovarian endometrioma. Author(s): Dogan MM, Ugur M, Soysal SK, Soysal ME, Ekici E, Gokmen O. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1996 February; 52(2): 145-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8855093

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Transvaginal sonographic guided aspiration of endometrioma. Author(s): Abu-Musa A, Takahashi K, Kitao M. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1993 January; 40(1): 64-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8094354

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Transvaginal ultrasonography combined with CA-125 plasma levels in the diagnosis of endometrioma. Author(s): Guerriero S, Mais V, Ajossa S, Paoletti AM, Angiolucci M, Melis GB. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1996 February; 65(2): 293-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8566251

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Transvaginal ultrasonography combined with pelvic examination in the diagnosis of ovarian endometrioma. Author(s): Weerakiet S, Wongkularb A, Rochanawutanon M, Rojanasakul A. Source: J Med Assoc Thai. 2000 May; 83(5): 523-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10863898

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Tumor markers and transvaginal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of endometrioma. Author(s): Guerriero S, Ajossa S, Paoletti AM, Mais V, Angiolucci M, Melis GB. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1996 September; 88(3): 403-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8752248

•

Two cases of endometrioma in cesarean scars. Author(s): Rovito P, Gittleman M. Source: Surgery. 1986 July; 100(1): 118-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3726753

•

Ultrasonographic appearance of appendiceal endometrioma. Author(s): Normand JP, Rioux M. Source: Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal = Journal L'association Canadienne Des Radiologistes. 1992 April; 43(2): 141-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1562891

•

Ultrasound guided aspiration of endometrioma--a new therapeutic modality to improve reproductive outcome. Author(s): Mittal S, Kumar S, Kumar A, Verma A. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1999 April; 65(1): 17-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10390095

Studies

21

•

Umbilical endometrioma (silent type). Author(s): Williams HE, Barsky S, Storino W. Source: Archives of Dermatology. 1976 October; 112(10): 1435-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=962339

•

Umbilical endometrioma. Author(s): Premalatha S, Augustine SM, Thambiah AS. Source: Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 1978 March; 3(1): 35-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=648018

•

Unusually elevated serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and CA19-9 levels as a result of unruptured bilateral endometrioma. Author(s): Yilmazer M, Sonmezer M, Gungor M, Fenkci V, Cevrioglu S. Source: The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2003 August; 43(4): 329-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14714723

23

CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND ENDOMETRIOMA Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to find studies dedicated specifically to nutrition and endometrioma.

Finding Nutrition Studies on Endometrioma The National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) offers a searchable bibliographic database called the IBIDS (International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements; National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 1B29, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2086, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2086, Tel: 301-435-2920, Fax: 301-480-1845, E-mail: [email protected]). The IBIDS contains over 460,000 scientific citations and summaries about dietary supplements and nutrition as well as references to published international, scientific literature on dietary supplements such as vitamins, minerals, and botanicals.4 The IBIDS includes references and citations to both human and animal research studies. As a service of the ODS, access to the IBIDS database is available free of charge at the following Web address: http://ods.od.nih.gov/databases/ibids.html. After entering the search area, you have three choices: (1) IBIDS Consumer Database, (2) Full IBIDS Database, or (3) Peer Reviewed Citations Only. Now that you have selected a database, click on the “Advanced” tab. An advanced search allows you to retrieve up to 100 fully explained references in a comprehensive format. Type “endometrioma” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” To narrow the search, you can also select the “Title” field.

4 Adapted from http://ods.od.nih.gov. IBIDS is produced by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health to assist the public, healthcare providers, educators, and researchers in locating credible, scientific information on dietary supplements. IBIDS was developed and will be maintained through an interagency partnership with the Food and Nutrition Information Center of the National Agricultural Library, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

24

Endometrioma

The following information is typical of that found when using the “Full IBIDS Database” to search for “endometrioma” (or a synonym): •

Pre-operative treatment of an abdominal wall endometrioma with nafarelin acetate. Case report. Author(s): Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford. Source: Kennedy, S H Brodribb, J Godfrey, A M Barlow, D H Br-J-Obstet-Gynaecol. 1988 May; 95(5): 521-3 0306-5456

Federal Resources on Nutrition In addition to the IBIDS, the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provide many sources of information on general nutrition and health. Recommended resources include: •

healthfinder®, HHS’s gateway to health information, including diet and nutrition: http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/SearchContext.asp?topic=238&page=0

•

The United States Department of Agriculture’s Web site dedicated to nutrition information: www.nutrition.gov

•

The Food and Drug Administration’s Web site for federal food safety information: www.foodsafety.gov

•

The National Action Plan on Overweight and Obesity sponsored by the United States Surgeon General: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/

•

The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition has an Internet site sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/

•

Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.usda.gov/cnpp/

•

Food and Nutrition Information Center, National Agricultural Library sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/

•

Food and Nutrition Service sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.fns.usda.gov/fns/

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering food and nutrition. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=174&layer=&from=subcats

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_nutrition.html

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Nutrition/

•

Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Nutrition/

Nutrition

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Nutrition/

•

WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/nutrition

•

WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

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27

CHAPTER 3. PATENTS ON ENDOMETRIOMA Overview Patents can be physical innovations (e.g. chemicals, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment) or processes (e.g. treatments or diagnostic procedures). The United States Patent and Trademark Office defines a patent as a grant of a property right to the inventor, issued by the Patent and Trademark Office.5 Patents, therefore, are intellectual property. For the United States, the term of a new patent is 20 years from the date when the patent application was filed. If the inventor wishes to receive economic benefits, it is likely that the invention will become commercially available within 20 years of the initial filing. It is important to understand, therefore, that an inventor’s patent does not indicate that a product or service is or will be commercially available. The patent implies only that the inventor has “the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling” the invention in the United States. While this relates to U.S. patents, similar rules govern foreign patents. In this chapter, we show you how to locate information on patents and their inventors. If you find a patent that is particularly interesting to you, contact the inventor or the assignee for further information. IMPORTANT NOTE: When following the search strategy described below, you may discover non-medical patents that use the generic term “endometrioma” (or a synonym) in their titles. To accurately reflect the results that you might find while conducting research on endometrioma, we have not necessarily excluded non-medical patents in this bibliography.

Patent Applications on Endometrioma As of December 2000, U.S. patent applications are open to public viewing.6 Applications are patent requests which have yet to be granted. (The process to achieve a patent can take several years.) The following patent applications have been filed since December 2000 relating to endometrioma:

5Adapted from the United States Patent and Trademark Office: http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/doc/general/whatis.htm. 6 This has been a common practice outside the United States prior to December 2000.

28

•

Endometrioma

Pharmaceutical preparation for the treatment of gynecological diseases Inventor(s): Murakami, Kouichi; (Kanazawa-shi, JP), Ooya, Tooru; (Ishikawa-ken, JP), Sato, Ikuo; (Yokohama-shi, JP), Yui, Nobuhiko; (Ishikawa-ken, JP) Correspondence: Leydig Voit & Mayer, Ltd; 700 Thirteenth ST. NW; Suite 300; Washington; DC; 20005-3960; US Patent Application Number: 20020150605 Date filed: March 28, 2002 Abstract: This invention provides to a novel pharmaceutical preparation for the treatment of gynecological diseases. The pharmaceutical preparation according to the invention comprises a therapeutic drug for the intrauterine, intravaginal or intrapelvic administration, or for the administration into the ovarian endometrioma, and a biodegradable polymer comprising a chemically modified hyaluronic acid or a salt thereof prepared by O-acylating, alkoxylating or crosslinking a complex of hyaluronic acid or a salt thereof and a cationic compound in a nonaqueous solvent. The preparation of the invention is preferably administered intrauterine, intravaginal, intrapelvic, and intratumor cavity. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to a novel pharmaceutical preparation for the treatment of gynecological diseases. More specifically, the invention relates to a pharmaceutical preparation for the treatment of gynecological diseases, which comprises a therapeutic drug for the intrauterine, intravaginal or intrapelvic administration or for the administration into the ovarian endometorioma and a chemically modified hyaluronic acid or a salt thereof and wherein the drug is supported by the chemically modified hyaluronic acid or a salt thereof, and to use of the chemically modified hyaluronic acid or a salt thereof for manufacturing the pharmaceutical preparation for the treatment of gynecological diseases. When a long-term effect of a therapeutic drug for the intrauterine, intravaginal or intrapelvic administration or for the administration into the ovarian endometrioma is required, the drug has to be employed as a pharmaceutical preparation wherein the drug is supported by-a carrier. For instance, a drug for the treatment of endometriosis, such as danazol or Gm-RH analogues, has been orally or subcutaneously administered. In these cases, however, patients have frequently been subjected adverse effects such as liver functional impairment, weight gain, sterility, menstrual disorder, dropsy, hot flush, shoulder stiffness, headache and osteoporosis. The Japanese Patent No. 2590358 discloses a preparation for the intrauterine device, in which danazol as a drug for the treatment of endometriosis is supported by silicone as a carrier in order to avoid those adverse effects. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html

Keeping Current In order to stay informed about patents and patent applications dealing with endometrioma, you can access the U.S. Patent Office archive via the Internet at the following Web address: http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html. You will see two broad options: (1) Issued Patent, and (2) Published Applications. To see a list of issued patents, perform the following steps: Under “Issued Patents,” click “Quick Search.” Then, type “endometrioma” (or synonyms)

Patents

29

into the “Term 1” box. After clicking on the search button, scroll down to see the various patents which have been granted to date on endometrioma. You can also use this procedure to view pending patent applications concerning endometrioma. Simply go back to http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html. Select “Quick Search” under “Published Applications.” Then proceed with the steps listed above.

31

APPENDICES

33

APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES Overview In this chapter, we focus on databases and Internet-based guidelines and information resources created or written for a professional audience.

NIH Guidelines Commonly referred to as “clinical” or “professional” guidelines, the National Institutes of Health publish physician guidelines for the most common diseases. Publications are available at the following by relevant Institute7: •

Office of the Director (OD); guidelines consolidated across agencies available at http://www.nih.gov/health/consumer/conkey.htm

•

National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); fact sheets available at http://www.nigms.nih.gov/news/facts/

•

National Library of Medicine (NLM); extensive encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.) with guidelines: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html

•

National Cancer Institute (NCI); guidelines available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/list.aspx?viewid=5f35036e-5497-4d86-8c2c714a9f7c8d25

•

National Eye Institute (NEI); guidelines available at http://www.nei.nih.gov/order/index.htm

•

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); guidelines available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/index.htm

•

National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); research available at http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10000375

•

National Institute on Aging (NIA); guidelines available at http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/

7

These publications are typically written by one or more of the various NIH Institutes.

34

Endometrioma

•

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); guidelines available at http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/publications.htm

•

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); guidelines available at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/

•

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS); fact sheets and guidelines available at http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/index.htm

•

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); guidelines available at http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubskey.cfm

•

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD); fact sheets and guidelines at http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); guidelines available at http://www.nidr.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); guidelines available at http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/health.htm

•

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); guidelines available at http://www.nida.nih.gov/DrugAbuse.html

•

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); environmental health information available at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/external/facts.htm

•

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); guidelines available at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/practitioners/index.cfm

•

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); neurological disorder information pages available at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorder_index.htm

•

National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR); publications on selected illnesses at http://www.nih.gov/ninr/news-info/publications.html

•

National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; general information at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/becon/becon_info.htm

•

Center for Information Technology (CIT); referrals to other agencies based on keyword searches available at http://kb.nih.gov/www_query_main.asp

•

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM); health information available at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/

•

National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); various information directories available at http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/publications.asp

•

Office of Rare Diseases; various fact sheets available at http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/html/resources/rep_pubs.html

•

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; various fact sheets on infectious diseases available at http://www.cdc.gov/publications.htm

Physician Resources

35

NIH Databases In addition to the various Institutes of Health that publish professional guidelines, the NIH has designed a number of databases for professionals.8 Physician-oriented resources provide a wide variety of information related to the biomedical and health sciences, both past and present. The format of these resources varies. Searchable databases, bibliographic citations, full-text articles (when available), archival collections, and images are all available. The following are referenced by the National Library of Medicine:9 •

Bioethics: Access to published literature on the ethical, legal, and public policy issues surrounding healthcare and biomedical research. This information is provided in conjunction with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics located at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_bioethics.html

•

HIV/AIDS Resources: Describes various links and databases dedicated to HIV/AIDS research: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/aidsinfs.html

•

NLM Online Exhibitions: Describes “Exhibitions in the History of Medicine”: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/exhibition.html. Additional resources for historical scholarship in medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/hmd.html

•

Biotechnology Information: Access to public databases. The National Center for Biotechnology Information conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Population Information: The National Library of Medicine provides access to worldwide coverage of population, family planning, and related health issues, including family planning technology and programs, fertility, and population law and policy: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_population.html

•

Cancer Information: Access to cancer-oriented databases: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_cancer.html

•

Profiles in Science: Offering the archival collections of prominent twentieth-century biomedical scientists to the public through modern digital technology: http://www.profiles.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Chemical Information: Provides links to various chemical databases and references: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Chem/ChemMain.html

•

Clinical Alerts: Reports the release of findings from the NIH-funded clinical trials where such release could significantly affect morbidity and mortality: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/alerts/clinical_alerts.html

•

Space Life Sciences: Provides links and information to space-based research (including NASA): http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_space.html

•

MEDLINE: Bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the healthcare system, and the pre-clinical sciences: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_medline.html

8 Remember, for the general public, the National Library of Medicine recommends the databases referenced in MEDLINEplus (http://medlineplus.gov/ or http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/databases.html). 9 See http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases.html.

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Endometrioma

•

Toxicology and Environmental Health Information (TOXNET): Databases covering toxicology and environmental health: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Tox/ToxMain.html

•

Visible Human Interface: Anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of normal male and female human bodies: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html The NLM Gateway10

The NLM (National Library of Medicine) Gateway is a Web-based system that lets users search simultaneously in multiple retrieval systems at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). It allows users of NLM services to initiate searches from one Web interface, providing one-stop searching for many of NLM’s information resources or databases.11 To use the NLM Gateway, simply go to the search site at http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd. Type “endometrioma” (or synonyms) into the search box and click “Search.” The results will be presented in a tabular form, indicating the number of references in each database category. Results Summary Category Journal Articles Books / Periodicals / Audio Visual Consumer Health Meeting Abstracts Other Collections Total

Items Found 9474 144 45 1 2 9666

HSTAT12 HSTAT is a free, Web-based resource that provides access to full-text documents used in healthcare decision-making.13 These documents include clinical practice guidelines, quickreference guides for clinicians, consumer health brochures, evidence reports and technology assessments from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as AHRQ’s Put Prevention Into Practice.14 Simply search by “endometrioma” (or synonyms) at the following Web site: http://text.nlm.nih.gov.

Adapted from NLM: http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd?Overview.x. The NLM Gateway is currently being developed by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 12 Adapted from HSTAT: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/hstat.html. 13 The HSTAT URL is http://hstat.nlm.nih.gov/. 14 Other important documents in HSTAT include: the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference Reports and Technology Assessment Reports; the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (ATIS) resource documents; the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (SAMHSA/CSAT) Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIP) and Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (SAMHSA/CSAP) Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS); the Public Health Service (PHS) Preventive Services Task Force's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services; the independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Services’ Guide to Community Preventive Services; and the Health Technology Advisory Committee (HTAC) of the Minnesota Health Care Commission (MHCC) health technology evaluations. 10 11

Physician Resources

37

Coffee Break: Tutorials for Biologists15 Coffee Break is a general healthcare site that takes a scientific view of the news and covers recent breakthroughs in biology that may one day assist physicians in developing treatments. Here you will find a collection of short reports on recent biological discoveries. Each report incorporates interactive tutorials that demonstrate how bioinformatics tools are used as a part of the research process. Currently, all Coffee Breaks are written by NCBI staff.16 Each report is about 400 words and is usually based on a discovery reported in one or more articles from recently published, peer-reviewed literature.17 This site has new articles every few weeks, so it can be considered an online magazine of sorts. It is intended for general background information. You can access the Coffee Break Web site at the following hyperlink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/.

Other Commercial Databases In addition to resources maintained by official agencies, other databases exist that are commercial ventures addressing medical professionals. Here are some examples that may interest you: •

CliniWeb International: Index and table of contents to selected clinical information on the Internet; see http://www.ohsu.edu/cliniweb/.

•

Medical World Search: Searches full text from thousands of selected medical sites on the Internet; see http://www.mwsearch.com/.

Adapted from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/Archive/FAQ.html. The figure that accompanies each article is frequently supplied by an expert external to NCBI, in which case the source of the figure is cited. The result is an interactive tutorial that tells a biological story. 17 After a brief introduction that sets the work described into a broader context, the report focuses on how a molecular understanding can provide explanations of observed biology and lead to therapies for diseases. Each vignette is accompanied by a figure and hypertext links that lead to a series of pages that interactively show how NCBI tools and resources are used in the research process. 15

16

39

APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES Overview Official agencies, as well as federally funded institutions supported by national grants, frequently publish a variety of guidelines written with the patient in mind. These are typically called “Fact Sheets” or “Guidelines.” They can take the form of a brochure, information kit, pamphlet, or flyer. Often they are only a few pages in length. Since new guidelines on endometrioma can appear at any moment and be published by a number of sources, the best approach to finding guidelines is to systematically scan the Internet-based services that post them.

Patient Guideline Sources The remainder of this chapter directs you to sources which either publish or can help you find additional guidelines on topics related to endometrioma. Due to space limitations, these sources are listed in a concise manner. Do not hesitate to consult the following sources by either using the Internet hyperlink provided, or, in cases where the contact information is provided, contacting the publisher or author directly. The National Institutes of Health The NIH gateway to patients is located at http://health.nih.gov/. From this site, you can search across various sources and institutes, a number of which are summarized below. Topic Pages: MEDLINEplus The National Library of Medicine has created a vast and patient-oriented healthcare information portal called MEDLINEplus. Within this Internet-based system are “health topic pages” which list links to available materials relevant to endometrioma. To access this system, log on to http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html. From there you can either search using the alphabetical index or browse by broad topic areas. Recently, MEDLINEplus listed the following when searched for “endometrioma”:

40

Endometrioma

Autoimmune Diseases http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/autoimmunediseases.html Endometriosis http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/endometriosis.html Infertility http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/infertility.html Uterine Diseases http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/uterinediseases.html Women's Health Issues http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/womenshealthissues.html You may also choose to use the search utility provided by MEDLINEplus at the following Web address: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/. Simply type a keyword into the search box and click “Search.” This utility is similar to the NIH search utility, with the exception that it only includes materials that are linked within the MEDLINEplus system (mostly patient-oriented information). It also has the disadvantage of generating unstructured results. We recommend, therefore, that you use this method only if you have a very targeted search. The NIH Search Utility The NIH search utility allows you to search for documents on over 100 selected Web sites that comprise the NIH-WEB-SPACE. Each of these servers is “crawled” and indexed on an ongoing basis. Your search will produce a list of various documents, all of which will relate in some way to endometrioma. The drawbacks of this approach are that the information is not organized by theme and that the references are often a mix of information for professionals and patients. Nevertheless, a large number of the listed Web sites provide useful background information. We can only recommend this route, therefore, for relatively rare or specific disorders, or when using highly targeted searches. To use the NIH search utility, visit the following Web page: http://search.nih.gov/index.html. Additional Web Sources A number of Web sites are available to the public that often link to government sites. These can also point you in the direction of essential information. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=168&layer=&from=subcats

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/specific.htm

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Med Help International: http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/A.html

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Diseases_and_Conditions/

•

WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/health_topics

Patient Resources

41

Finding Associations There are several Internet directories that provide lists of medical associations with information on or resources relating to endometrioma. By consulting all of associations listed in this chapter, you will have nearly exhausted all sources for patient associations concerned with endometrioma. The National Health Information Center (NHIC) The National Health Information Center (NHIC) offers a free referral service to help people find organizations that provide information about endometrioma. For more information, see the NHIC’s Web site at http://www.health.gov/NHIC/ or contact an information specialist by calling 1-800-336-4797. Directory of Health Organizations The Directory of Health Organizations, provided by the National Library of Medicine Specialized Information Services, is a comprehensive source of information on associations. The Directory of Health Organizations database can be accessed via the Internet at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/Dir/DirMain.html. It is composed of two parts: DIRLINE and Health Hotlines. The DIRLINE database comprises some 10,000 records of organizations, research centers, and government institutes and associations that primarily focus on health and biomedicine. To access DIRLINE directly, go to the following Web site: http://dirline.nlm.nih.gov/. Simply type in “endometrioma” (or a synonym), and you will receive information on all relevant organizations listed in the database. Health Hotlines directs you to toll-free numbers to over 300 organizations. You can access this database directly at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/hotlines/. On this page, you are given the option to search by keyword or by browsing the subject list. When you have received your search results, click on the name of the organization for its description and contact information. The Combined Health Information Database Another comprehensive source of information on healthcare associations is the Combined Health Information Database. Using the “Detailed Search” option, you will need to limit your search to “Organizations” and “endometrioma”. Type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find associations, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” For publication date, select “All Years.” Then, select your preferred language and the format option “Organization Resource Sheet.” Type “endometrioma” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database since it is updated every three months.

42

Endometrioma

The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. has prepared a Web site that provides, at no charge, lists of associations organized by health topic. You can access this database at the following Web site: http://www.rarediseases.org/search/orgsearch.html. Type “endometrioma” (or a synonym) into the search box, and click “Submit Query.”

43

APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES Overview In this Appendix, we show you how to quickly find a medical library in your area.

Preparation Your local public library and medical libraries have interlibrary loan programs with the National Library of Medicine (NLM), one of the largest medical collections in the world. According to the NLM, most of the literature in the general and historical collections of the National Library of Medicine is available on interlibrary loan to any library. If you would like to access NLM medical literature, then visit a library in your area that can request the publications for you.18

Finding a Local Medical Library The quickest method to locate medical libraries is to use the Internet-based directory published by the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM). This network includes 4626 members and affiliates that provide many services to librarians, health professionals, and the public. To find a library in your area, simply visit http://nnlm.gov/members/adv.html or call 1-800-338-7657.

Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada In addition to the NN/LM, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) lists a number of libraries with reference facilities that are open to the public. The following is the NLM’s list and includes hyperlinks to each library’s Web site. These Web pages can provide information on hours of operation and other restrictions. The list below is a small sample of

18

Adapted from the NLM: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/psd/cas/interlibrary.html.

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libraries recommended by the National Library of Medicine (sorted alphabetically by name of the U.S. state or Canadian province where the library is located)19: •

Alabama: Health InfoNet of Jefferson County (Jefferson County Library Cooperative, Lister Hill Library of the Health Sciences), http://www.uab.edu/infonet/

•

Alabama: Richard M. Scrushy Library (American Sports Medicine Institute)

•

Arizona: Samaritan Regional Medical Center: The Learning Center (Samaritan Health System, Phoenix, Arizona), http://www.samaritan.edu/library/bannerlibs.htm

•

California: Kris Kelly Health Information Center (St. Joseph Health System, Humboldt), http://www.humboldt1.com/~kkhic/index.html

•

California: Community Health Library of Los Gatos, http://www.healthlib.org/orgresources.html

•

California: Consumer Health Program and Services (CHIPS) (County of Los Angeles Public Library, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Library) - Carson, CA, http://www.colapublib.org/services/chips.html

•

California: Gateway Health Library (Sutter Gould Medical Foundation)

•

California: Health Library (Stanford University Medical Center), http://wwwmed.stanford.edu/healthlibrary/

•

California: Patient Education Resource Center - Health Information and Resources (University of California, San Francisco), http://sfghdean.ucsf.edu/barnett/PERC/default.asp

•

California: Redwood Health Library (Petaluma Health Care District), http://www.phcd.org/rdwdlib.html

•

California: Los Gatos PlaneTree Health Library, http://planetreesanjose.org/

•

California: Sutter Resource Library (Sutter Hospitals Foundation, Sacramento), http://suttermedicalcenter.org/library/

•

California: Health Sciences Libraries (University of California, Davis), http://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/healthsci/

•

California: ValleyCare Health Library & Ryan Comer Cancer Resource Center (ValleyCare Health System, Pleasanton), http://gaelnet.stmarysca.edu/other.libs/gbal/east/vchl.html

•

California: Washington Community Health Resource Library (Fremont), http://www.healthlibrary.org/

•

Colorado: William V. Gervasini Memorial Library (Exempla Healthcare), http://www.saintjosephdenver.org/yourhealth/libraries/

•

Connecticut: Hartford Hospital Health Science Libraries (Hartford Hospital), http://www.harthosp.org/library/

•

Connecticut: Healthnet: Connecticut Consumer Health Information Center (University of Connecticut Health Center, Lyman Maynard Stowe Library), http://library.uchc.edu/departm/hnet/

19

Abstracted from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/libraries.html.

Finding Medical Libraries

45

•

Connecticut: Waterbury Hospital Health Center Library (Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury), http://www.waterburyhospital.com/library/consumer.shtml

•

Delaware: Consumer Health Library (Christiana Care Health System, Eugene du Pont Preventive Medicine & Rehabilitation Institute, Wilmington), http://www.christianacare.org/health_guide/health_guide_pmri_health_info.cfm

•

Delaware: Lewis B. Flinn Library (Delaware Academy of Medicine, Wilmington), http://www.delamed.org/chls.html

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Georgia: Family Resource Library (Medical College of Georgia, Augusta), http://cmc.mcg.edu/kids_families/fam_resources/fam_res_lib/frl.htm

•

Georgia: Health Resource Center (Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon), http://www.mccg.org/hrc/hrchome.asp

•

Hawaii: Hawaii Medical Library: Consumer Health Information Service (Hawaii Medical Library, Honolulu), http://hml.org/CHIS/

•

Idaho: DeArmond Consumer Health Library (Kootenai Medical Center, Coeur d’Alene), http://www.nicon.org/DeArmond/index.htm

•

Illinois: Health Learning Center of Northwestern Memorial Hospital (Chicago), http://www.nmh.org/health_info/hlc.html

•

Illinois: Medical Library (OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria), http://www.osfsaintfrancis.org/general/library/

•

Kentucky: Medical Library - Services for Patients, Families, Students & the Public (Central Baptist Hospital, Lexington), http://www.centralbap.com/education/community/library.cfm

•

Kentucky: University of Kentucky - Health Information Library (Chandler Medical Center, Lexington), http://www.mc.uky.edu/PatientEd/

•

Louisiana: Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation Library (Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans), http://www.ochsner.org/library/

•

Louisiana: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Medical LibraryShreveport, http://lib-sh.lsuhsc.edu/

•

Maine: Franklin Memorial Hospital Medical Library (Franklin Memorial Hospital, Farmington), http://www.fchn.org/fmh/lib.htm

•

Maine: Gerrish-True Health Sciences Library (Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston), http://www.cmmc.org/library/library.html

•

Maine: Hadley Parrot Health Science Library (Eastern Maine Healthcare, Bangor), http://www.emh.org/hll/hpl/guide.htm

•

Maine: Maine Medical Center Library (Maine Medical Center, Portland), http://www.mmc.org/library/

•

Maine: Parkview Hospital (Brunswick), http://www.parkviewhospital.org/

•

Maine: Southern Maine Medical Center Health Sciences Library (Southern Maine Medical Center, Biddeford), http://www.smmc.org/services/service.php3?choice=10

•

Maine: Stephens Memorial Hospital’s Health Information Library (Western Maine Health, Norway), http://www.wmhcc.org/Library/

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•

Manitoba, Canada: Consumer & Patient Health Information Service (University of Manitoba Libraries), http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/health/reference/chis.html

•

Manitoba, Canada: J.W. Crane Memorial Library (Deer Lodge Centre, Winnipeg), http://www.deerlodge.mb.ca/crane_library/about.asp

•

Maryland: Health Information Center at the Wheaton Regional Library (Montgomery County, Dept. of Public Libraries, Wheaton Regional Library), http://www.mont.lib.md.us/healthinfo/hic.asp

•

Massachusetts: Baystate Medical Center Library (Baystate Health System), http://www.baystatehealth.com/1024/

•

Massachusetts: Boston University Medical Center Alumni Medical Library (Boston University Medical Center), http://med-libwww.bu.edu/library/lib.html

•

Massachusetts: Lowell General Hospital Health Sciences Library (Lowell General Hospital, Lowell), http://www.lowellgeneral.org/library/HomePageLinks/WWW.htm

•

Massachusetts: Paul E. Woodard Health Sciences Library (New England Baptist Hospital, Boston), http://www.nebh.org/health_lib.asp

•

Massachusetts: St. Luke’s Hospital Health Sciences Library (St. Luke’s Hospital, Southcoast Health System, New Bedford), http://www.southcoast.org/library/

•

Massachusetts: Treadwell Library Consumer Health Reference Center (Massachusetts General Hospital), http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/library/chrcindex.html

•

Massachusetts: UMass HealthNet (University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester), http://healthnet.umassmed.edu/

•

Michigan: Botsford General Hospital Library - Consumer Health (Botsford General Hospital, Library & Internet Services), http://www.botsfordlibrary.org/consumer.htm

•

Michigan: Helen DeRoy Medical Library (Providence Hospital and Medical Centers), http://www.providence-hospital.org/library/

•

Michigan: Marquette General Hospital - Consumer Health Library (Marquette General Hospital, Health Information Center), http://www.mgh.org/center.html

•

Michigan: Patient Education Resouce Center - University of Michigan Cancer Center (University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor), http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/learn/leares.htm

•

Michigan: Sladen Library & Center for Health Information Resources - Consumer Health Information (Detroit), http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=39330

•

Montana: Center for Health Information (St. Patrick Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Missoula)

•

National: Consumer Health Library Directory (Medical Library Association, Consumer and Patient Health Information Section), http://caphis.mlanet.org/directory/index.html

•

National: National Network of Libraries of Medicine (National Library of Medicine) provides library services for health professionals in the United States who do not have access to a medical library, http://nnlm.gov/

•

National: NN/LM List of Libraries Serving the Public (National Network of Libraries of Medicine), http://nnlm.gov/members/

Finding Medical Libraries

47

•

Nevada: Health Science Library, West Charleston Library (Las Vegas-Clark County Library District, Las Vegas), http://www.lvccld.org/special_collections/medical/index.htm

•

New Hampshire: Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries (Dartmouth College Library, Hanover), http://www.dartmouth.edu/~biomed/resources.htmld/conshealth.htmld/

•

New Jersey: Consumer Health Library (Rahway Hospital, Rahway), http://www.rahwayhospital.com/library.htm

•

New Jersey: Dr. Walter Phillips Health Sciences Library (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.englewoodhospital.com/links/index.htm

•

New Jersey: Meland Foundation (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/9360/

•

New York: Choices in Health Information (New York Public Library) - NLM Consumer Pilot Project participant, http://www.nypl.org/branch/health/links.html

•

New York: Health Information Center (Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse), http://www.upstate.edu/library/hic/

•

New York: Health Sciences Library (Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park), http://www.lij.edu/library/library.html

•

New York: ViaHealth Medical Library (Rochester General Hospital), http://www.nyam.org/library/

•

Ohio: Consumer Health Library (Akron General Medical Center, Medical & Consumer Health Library), http://www.akrongeneral.org/hwlibrary.htm

•

Oklahoma: The Health Information Center at Saint Francis Hospital (Saint Francis Health System, Tulsa), http://www.sfh-tulsa.com/services/healthinfo.asp

•

Oregon: Planetree Health Resource Center (Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles), http://www.mcmc.net/phrc/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Information Library (Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey), http://www.hmc.psu.edu/commhealth/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Resource Library (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville), http://www.geisinger.edu/education/commlib.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: HealthInfo Library (Moses Taylor Hospital, Scranton), http://www.mth.org/healthwellness.html

•

Pennsylvania: Hopwood Library (University of Pittsburgh, Health Sciences Library System, Pittsburgh), http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/guides/chi/hopwood/index_html

•

Pennsylvania: Koop Community Health Information Center (College of Physicians of Philadelphia), http://www.collphyphil.org/kooppg1.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: Learning Resources Center - Medical Library (Susquehanna Health System, Williamsport), http://www.shscares.org/services/lrc/index.asp

•

Pennsylvania: Medical Library (UPMC Health System, Pittsburgh), http://www.upmc.edu/passavant/library.htm

•

Quebec, Canada: Medical Library (Montreal General Hospital), http://www.mghlib.mcgill.ca/

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•

South Dakota: Rapid City Regional Hospital Medical Library (Rapid City Regional Hospital), http://www.rcrh.org/Services/Library/Default.asp

•

Texas: Houston HealthWays (Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library), http://hhw.library.tmc.edu/

•

Washington: Community Health Library (Kittitas Valley Community Hospital), http://www.kvch.com/

•

Washington: Southwest Washington Medical Center Library (Southwest Washington Medical Center, Vancouver), http://www.swmedicalcenter.com/body.cfm?id=72

49

ONLINE GLOSSARIES The Internet provides access to a number of free-to-use medical dictionaries. The National Library of Medicine has compiled the following list of online dictionaries: •

ADAM Medical Encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.), comprehensive medical reference: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html

•

MedicineNet.com Medical Dictionary (MedicineNet, Inc.): http://www.medterms.com/Script/Main/hp.asp

•

Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary (Inteli-Health, Inc.): http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/

•

Multilingual Glossary of Technical and Popular Medical Terms in Eight European Languages (European Commission) - Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish: http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~rvdstich/eugloss/welcome.html

•

On-line Medical Dictionary (CancerWEB): http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/

•

Rare Diseases Terms (Office of Rare Diseases): http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/diseases/diseases.asp

•

Technology Glossary (National Library of Medicine) - Health Care Technology: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/ta101/ta10108.htm

Beyond these, MEDLINEplus contains a very patient-friendly encyclopedia covering every aspect of medicine (licensed from A.D.A.M., Inc.). The ADAM Medical Encyclopedia can be accessed at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html. ADAM is also available on commercial Web sites such as drkoop.com (http://www.drkoop.com/) and Web MD (http://my.webmd.com/adam/asset/adam_disease_articles/a_to_z/a).

Online Dictionary Directories The following are additional online directories compiled by the National Library of Medicine, including a number of specialized medical dictionaries: •

Medical Dictionaries: Medical & Biological (World Health Organization): http://www.who.int/hlt/virtuallibrary/English/diction.htm#Medical

•

MEL-Michigan Electronic Library List of Online Health and Medical Dictionaries (Michigan Electronic Library): http://mel.lib.mi.us/health/health-dictionaries.html

•

Patient Education: Glossaries (DMOZ Open Directory Project): http://dmoz.org/Health/Education/Patient_Education/Glossaries/

•

Web of Online Dictionaries (Bucknell University): http://www.yourdictionary.com/diction5.html#medicine

51

ENDOMETRIOMA DICTIONARY The definitions below are derived from official public sources, including the National Institutes of Health [NIH] and the European Union [EU]. Abdominal: Having to do with the abdomen, which is the part of the body between the chest and the hips that contains the pancreas, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and other organs. [NIH] Abdominal Pain: Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region. [NIH] Abscess: A localized, circumscribed collection of pus. [NIH] Adrenal Cortex: The outer layer of the adrenal gland. It secretes mineralocorticoids, androgens, and glucocorticoids. [NIH] Adverse Effect: An unwanted side effect of treatment. [NIH] Agonist: In anatomy, a prime mover. In pharmacology, a drug that has affinity for and stimulates physiologic activity at cell receptors normally stimulated by naturally occurring substances. [EU] Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and the central nervous system. [NIH] Anal: Having to do with the anus, which is the posterior opening of the large bowel. [NIH] Analog: In chemistry, a substance that is similar, but not identical, to another. [NIH] Anatomical: Pertaining to anatomy, or to the structure of the organism. [EU] Androgenic: Producing masculine characteristics. [EU] Androgens: A class of sex hormones associated with the development and maintenance of the secondary male sex characteristics, sperm induction, and sexual differentiation. In addition to increasing virility and libido, they also increase nitrogen and water retention and stimulate skeletal growth. [NIH] Anorectal: Pertaining to the anus and rectum or to the junction region between the two. [EU] Antibody: A type of protein made by certain white blood cells in response to a foreign substance (antigen). Each antibody can bind to only a specific antigen. The purpose of this binding is to help destroy the antigen. Antibodies can work in several ways, depending on the nature of the antigen. Some antibodies destroy antigens directly. Others make it easier for white blood cells to destroy the antigen. [NIH] Antigen: Any substance which is capable, under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, that is, with specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Antigens may be soluble substances, such as toxins and foreign proteins, or particulate, such as bacteria and tissue cells; however, only the portion of the protein or polysaccharide molecule known as the antigenic determinant (q.v.) combines with antibody or a specific receptor on a lymphocyte. Abbreviated Ag. [EU] Anus: The opening of the rectum to the outside of the body. [NIH] Appendicitis: Acute inflammation of the vermiform appendix. [NIH] Aromatase: An enzyme which converts androgens to estrogens by desaturating ring A of

52

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the steroid. This enzyme complex is located in the endoplasmic reticulum of estrogenproducing cells including ovaries, placenta, testicular Sertoli and Leydig cells, adipose, and brain tissues. The enzyme complex has two components, one of which is the CYP19 gene product, the aromatase cytochrome P-450. The other component is NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase which transfers reducing equivalents to P-450(arom). EC 1.14.13.-. [NIH] Ascites: Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity. [NIH] Aseptic: Free from infection or septic material; sterile. [EU] Aspiration: The act of inhaling. [NIH] Bacteria: Unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. [NIH] Bactericidal: Substance lethal to bacteria; substance capable of killing bacteria. [NIH] Base: In chemistry, the nonacid part of a salt; a substance that combines with acids to form salts; a substance that dissociates to give hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions; a substance whose molecule or ion can combine with a proton (hydrogen ion); a substance capable of donating a pair of electrons (to an acid) for the formation of a coordinate covalent bond. [EU] Benign: Not cancerous; does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. [NIH]

Bilateral: Affecting both the right and left side of body. [NIH] Bile: An emulsifying agent produced in the liver and secreted into the duodenum. Its composition includes bile acids and salts, cholesterol, and electrolytes. It aids digestion of fats in the duodenum. [NIH] Biological response modifier: BRM. A substance that stimulates the body's response to infection and disease. [NIH] Bladder: The organ that stores urine. [NIH] Bowel: The long tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes the process of digestion. There is both a small and a large bowel. Also called the intestine. [NIH] Caesarean section: A surgical incision through the abdominal and uterine walls in order to deliver a baby. [NIH] Carbohydrate: An aldehyde or ketone derivative of a polyhydric alcohol, particularly of the pentahydric and hexahydric alcohols. They are so named because the hydrogen and oxygen are usually in the proportion to form water, (CH2O)n. The most important carbohydrates are the starches, sugars, celluloses, and gums. They are classified into mono-, di-, tri-, polyand heterosaccharides. [EU] Carbon Dioxide: A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals. [NIH] Carcinogenic: Producing carcinoma. [EU] Carcinoma: Cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. [NIH]

Case report: A detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports also contain some demographic information about the patient (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin). [NIH] Cell: The individual unit that makes up all of the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. [NIH] Central Nervous System: The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. [NIH]

Dictionary 53

Central Nervous System Infections: Pathogenic infections of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. DNA virus infections; RNA virus infections; bacterial infections; mycoplasma infections; Spirochaetales infections; fungal infections; protozoan infections; helminthiasis; and prion diseases may involve the central nervous system as a primary or secondary process. [NIH] Cervix: The lower, narrow end of the uterus that forms a canal between the uterus and vagina. [NIH] Cesarean Section: Extraction of the fetus by means of abdominal hysterotomy. [NIH] Chronic: A disease or condition that persists or progresses over a long period of time. [NIH] Clinical trial: A research study that tests how well new medical treatments or other interventions work in people. Each study is designed to test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. [NIH] Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories applicable to molecular biology and areas of computer-based techniques for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets. [NIH] Conception: The onset of pregnancy, marked by implantation of the blastocyst; the formation of a viable zygote. [EU] Contraindications: Any factor or sign that it is unwise to pursue a certain kind of action or treatment, e. g. giving a general anesthetic to a person with pneumonia. [NIH] Corpus: The body of the uterus. [NIH] Corpus Luteum: The yellow glandular mass formed in the ovary by an ovarian follicle that has ruptured and discharged its ovum. [NIH] Cortex: The outer layer of an organ or other body structure, as distinguished from the internal substance. [EU] Cranial: Pertaining to the cranium, or to the anterior (in animals) or superior (in humans) end of the body. [EU] Craniocerebral Trauma: Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., brain; cranial nerves; meninges; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage. [NIH] Cyst: A sac or capsule filled with fluid. [NIH] Cyst Fluid: Liquid material found in epithelial-lined closed cavities or sacs. [NIH] Cystectomy: Used for excision of the urinary bladder. [NIH] Cytochrome: Any electron transfer hemoprotein having a mode of action in which the transfer of a single electron is effected by a reversible valence change of the central iron atom of the heme prosthetic group between the +2 and +3 oxidation states; classified as cytochromes a in which the heme contains a formyl side chain, cytochromes b, which contain protoheme or a closely similar heme that is not covalently bound to the protein, cytochromes c in which protoheme or other heme is covalently bound to the protein, and cytochromes d in which the iron-tetrapyrrole has fewer conjugated double bonds than the hemes have. Well-known cytochromes have been numbered consecutively within groups and are designated by subscripts (beginning with no subscript), e.g. cytochromes c, c1, C2, . New cytochromes are named according to the wavelength in nanometres of the absorption maximum of the a-band of the iron (II) form in pyridine, e.g., c-555. [EU]

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Cytoplasm: The protoplasm of a cell exclusive of that of the nucleus; it consists of a continuous aqueous solution (cytosol) and the organelles and inclusions suspended in it (phaneroplasm), and is the site of most of the chemical activities of the cell. [EU] Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders. [NIH] Diagnostic procedure: A method used to identify a disease. [NIH] Diaphragm: The musculofibrous partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding inspiration. [NIH] Digestion: The process of breakdown of food for metabolism and use by the body. [NIH] Direct: 1. Straight; in a straight line. 2. Performed immediately and without the intervention of subsidiary means. [EU] Disinfectant: An agent that disinfects; applied particularly to agents used on inanimate objects. [EU] Ectopic: Pertaining to or characterized by ectopia. [EU] Electrolyte: A substance that dissociates into ions when fused or in solution, and thus becomes capable of conducting electricity; an ionic solute. [EU] Embryo: The prenatal stage of mammalian development characterized by rapid morphological changes and the differentiation of basic structures. [NIH] Embryo Transfer: Removal of a mammalian embryo from one environment and replacement in the same or a new environment. The embryo is usually in the pre-nidation phase, i.e., a blastocyst. The process includes embryo or blastocyst transplantation or transfer after in vitro fertilization and transfer of the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. It is not used for transfer of differentiated embryonic tissue, e.g., germ layer cells. [NIH] Emulsion: A preparation of one liquid distributed in small globules throughout the body of a second liquid. The dispersed liquid is the discontinuous phase, and the dispersion medium is the continuous phase. When oil is the dispersed liquid and an aqueous solution is the continuous phase, it is known as an oil-in-water emulsion, whereas when water or aqueous solution is the dispersed phase and oil or oleaginous substance is the continuous phase, it is known as a water-in-oil emulsion. Pharmaceutical emulsions for which official standards have been promulgated include cod liver oil emulsion, cod liver oil emulsion with malt, liquid petrolatum emulsion, and phenolphthalein in liquid petrolatum emulsion. [EU] Endometrial: Having to do with the endometrium (the layer of tissue that lines the uterus). [NIH]

Endometriosis: A condition in which tissue more or less perfectly resembling the uterine mucous membrane (the endometrium) and containing typical endometrial granular and stromal elements occurs aberrantly in various locations in the pelvic cavity. [NIH] Endometrium: The layer of tissue that lines the uterus. [NIH] Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health. [NIH]

Enzyme: A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body. [NIH] Episiotomy: An incision of the posterior vaginal wall and a portion of the pudenda which enlarges the vaginal introitus to facilitate delivery and prevent lacerations. [NIH]

Dictionary 55

Epithelial: Refers to the cells that line the internal and external surfaces of the body. [NIH] Estradiol: The most potent mammalian estrogenic hormone. It is produced in the ovary, placenta, testis, and possibly the adrenal cortex. [NIH] Estrogen: One of the two female sex hormones. [NIH] Ethanol: A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in alcoholic beverages. [NIH] Fallopian tube: The oviduct, a muscular tube about 10 cm long, lying in the upper border of the broad ligament. [NIH] Family Planning: Programs or services designed to assist the family in controlling reproduction by either improving or diminishing fertility. [NIH] Fat: Total lipids including phospholipids. [NIH] Fertilization in Vitro: Fertilization of an egg outside the body when the egg is normally fertilized in the body. [NIH] Fetus: The developing offspring from 7 to 8 weeks after conception until birth. [NIH] Fibroid: A benign smooth muscle tumor, usually in the uterus or gastrointestinal tract. Also called leiomyoma. [NIH] Fine-needle aspiration: The removal of tissue or fluid with a needle for examination under a microscope. Also called needle biopsy. [NIH] Fixation: 1. The act or operation of holding, suturing, or fastening in a fixed position. 2. The condition of being held in a fixed position. 3. In psychiatry, a term with two related but distinct meanings : (1) arrest of development at a particular stage, which like regression (return to an earlier stage), if temporary is a normal reaction to setbacks and difficulties but if protracted or frequent is a cause of developmental failures and emotional problems, and (2) a close and suffocating attachment to another person, especially a childhood figure, such as one's mother or father. Both meanings are derived from psychoanalytic theory and refer to 'fixation' of libidinal energy either in a specific erogenous zone, hence fixation at the oral, anal, or phallic stage, or in a specific object, hence mother or father fixation. 4. The use of a fixative (q.v.) to preserve histological or cytological specimens. 5. In chemistry, the process whereby a substance is removed from the gaseous or solution phase and localized, as in carbon dioxide fixation or nitrogen fixation. 6. In ophthalmology, direction of the gaze so that the visual image of the object falls on the fovea centralis. 7. In film processing, the chemical removal of all undeveloped salts of the film emulsion, leaving only the developed silver to form a permanent image. [EU] Fovea: The central part of the macula that provides the sharpest vision. [NIH] Gallbladder: The pear-shaped organ that sits below the liver. Bile is concentrated and stored in the gallbladder. [NIH] Gastrin: A hormone released after eating. Gastrin causes the stomach to produce more acid. [NIH]

Gastrointestinal: Refers to the stomach and intestines. [NIH] Gastrointestinal tract: The stomach and intestines. [NIH] Gene: The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. [NIH]

Germ Cells: The reproductive cells in multicellular organisms. [NIH]

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Gonadorelin: A decapeptide hormone released by the hypothalamus. It stimulates the synthesis and secretion of both follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland. [NIH] Governing Board: The group in which legal authority is vested for the control of healthrelated institutions and organizations. [NIH] Groin: The external junctural region between the lower part of the abdomen and the thigh. [NIH]

Headache: Pain in the cranial region that may occur as an isolated and benign symptom or as a manifestation of a wide variety of conditions including subarachnoid hemorrhage; craniocerebral trauma; central nervous system infections; intracranial hypertension; and other disorders. In general, recurrent headaches that are not associated with a primary disease process are referred to as headache disorders (e.g., migraine). [NIH] Headache Disorders: Common conditions characterized by persistent or recurrent headaches. Headache syndrome classification systems may be based on etiology (e.g., vascular headache, post-traumatic headaches, etc.), temporal pattern (e.g., cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania, etc.), and precipitating factors (e.g., cough headache). [NIH] Hemorrhage: Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. [NIH] Hepatic: Refers to the liver. [NIH] Heterogeneity: The property of one or more samples or populations which implies that they are not identical in respect of some or all of their parameters, e. g. heterogeneity of variance. [NIH]

Hormonal: Pertaining to or of the nature of a hormone. [EU] Hormone: A substance in the body that regulates certain organs. Hormones such as gastrin help in breaking down food. Some hormones come from cells in the stomach and small intestine. [NIH] Hormone Replacement Therapy: Therapeutic use of hormones to alleviate the effects of hormone deficiency. [NIH] Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight 1. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are protons. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope deuterium and the unstable, radioactive isotope tritium. [NIH] Hyperstimulation: Excessive stimulation. [EU] Hypertension: Persistently high arterial blood pressure. Currently accepted threshold levels are 140 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic pressure. [NIH] Hysterectomy: Excision of the uterus. [NIH] Hysterotomy: An incision in the uterus, performed through either the abdomen or the vagina. [NIH] Immune response: The activity of the immune system against foreign substances (antigens). [NIH]

Impairment: In the context of health experience, an impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function. [NIH] In vitro: In the laboratory (outside the body). The opposite of in vivo (in the body). [NIH] In vivo: In the body. The opposite of in vitro (outside the body or in the laboratory). [NIH] Incision: A cut made in the body during surgery. [NIH]

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Incisional: The removal of a sample of tissue for examination under a microscope. [NIH] Infection: 1. Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may be clinically unapparent or result in local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response. The infection may remain localized, subclinical, and temporary if the body's defensive mechanisms are effective. A local infection may persist and spread by extension to become an acute, subacute, or chronic clinical infection or disease state. A local infection may also become systemic when the microorganisms gain access to the lymphatic or vascular system. 2. An infectious disease. [EU]

Infertility: The diminished or absent ability to conceive or produce an offspring while sterility is the complete inability to conceive or produce an offspring. [NIH] Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. [NIH] Inguinal: Pertaining to the inguen, or groin. [EU] Inguinal Hernia: A small part of the large or small intestine or bladder that pushes into the groin. May cause pain and feelings of pressure or burning in the groin. Often requires surgery. [NIH] Interferon: A biological response modifier (a substance that can improve the body's natural response to disease). Interferons interfere with the division of cancer cells and can slow tumor growth. There are several types of interferons, including interferon-alpha, -beta, and gamma. These substances are normally produced by the body. They are also made in the laboratory for use in treating cancer and other diseases. [NIH] Interferon-alpha: One of the type I interferons produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells when exposed to live or inactivated virus, double-stranded RNA, or bacterial products. It is the major interferon produced by virus-induced leukocyte cultures and, in addition to its pronounced antiviral activity, it causes activation of NK cells. [NIH] Intestinal: Having to do with the intestines. [NIH] Intestinal Obstruction: Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of intestinal contents toward the anus. [NIH] Intestines: The section of the alimentary canal from the stomach to the anus. It includes the large intestine and small intestine. [NIH] Intracellular: Inside a cell. [NIH] Kb: A measure of the length of DNA fragments, 1 Kb = 1000 base pairs. The largest DNA fragments are up to 50 kilobases long. [NIH] Lacerations: Torn, ragged, mangled wounds. [NIH] Laparoscopy: Examination, therapy or surgery of the abdomen's interior by means of a laparoscope. [NIH] Large Intestine: The part of the intestine that goes from the cecum to the rectum. The large intestine absorbs water from stool and changes it from a liquid to a solid form. The large intestine is 5 feet long and includes the appendix, cecum, colon, and rectum. Also called colon. [NIH] Latent: Phoria which occurs at one distance or another and which usually has no troublesome effect. [NIH] Leiomyoma: A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the uterus and the gastrointestinal tract but can occur in

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the skin and subcutaneous tissues, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues. [NIH] Liver: A large, glandular organ located in the upper abdomen. The liver cleanses the blood and aids in digestion by secreting bile. [NIH] Localized: Cancer which has not metastasized yet. [NIH] Lymphatic: The tissues and organs, including the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes, that produce and store cells that fight infection and disease. [NIH] Lymphocytes: White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each); those with characteristics of neither major class are called null cells. [NIH] Malignancy: A cancerous tumor that can invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. [NIH] MEDLINE: An online database of MEDLARS, the computerized bibliographic Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System of the National Library of Medicine. [NIH] Membrane: A very thin layer of tissue that covers a surface. [NIH] Menopause: Permanent cessation of menstruation. [NIH] Menstrual Cycle: The period of the regularly recurring physiologic changes in the endometrium occurring during the reproductive period in human females and some primates and culminating in partial sloughing of the endometrium (menstruation). [NIH] Menstruation: The normal physiologic discharge through the vagina of blood and mucosal tissues from the nonpregnant uterus. [NIH] Metaplasia: A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type. [NIH] Metastasis: The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another. Tumors formed from cells that have spread are called "secondary tumors" and contain cells that are like those in the original (primary) tumor. The plural is metastases. [NIH] Molecular: Of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules : a very small mass of matter. [EU] Molecule: A chemical made up of two or more atoms. The atoms in a molecule can be the same (an oxygen molecule has two oxygen atoms) or different (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom). Biological molecules, such as proteins and DNA, can be made up of many thousands of atoms. [NIH] Morphological: Relating to the configuration or the structure of live organs. [NIH] Nafarelin: 6-(3-(2-Naphthalenyl)-D-alanine)luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (pig). A gonadorelin analog agonist. It has been used in the treatment of central precocious puberty and endometriosis. [NIH] Needle biopsy: The removal of tissue or fluid with a needle for examination under a microscope. Also called fine-needle aspiration. [NIH] Nitrogen: An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight 14. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells. [NIH] Oocytes: Female germ cells in stages between the prophase of the first maturation division and the completion of the second maturation division. [NIH] Ophthalmology: A surgical specialty concerned with the structure and function of the eye

Dictionary 59

and the medical and surgical treatment of its defects and diseases. [NIH] Osteoporosis: Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis and age-related (or senile) osteoporosis. [NIH] Ovaries: The pair of female reproductive glands in which the ova, or eggs, are formed. The ovaries are located in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus. [NIH] Ovary: Either of the paired glands in the female that produce the female germ cells and secrete some of the female sex hormones. [NIH] Ovum: A female germ cell extruded from the ovary at ovulation. [NIH] Pancreas: A mixed exocrine and endocrine gland situated transversely across the posterior abdominal wall in the epigastric and hypochondriac regions. The endocrine portion is comprised of the Islets of Langerhans, while the exocrine portion is a compound acinar gland that secretes digestive enzymes. [NIH] Parietal: 1. Of or pertaining to the walls of a cavity. 2. Pertaining to or located near the parietal bone, as the parietal lobe. [EU] Pelvic: Pertaining to the pelvis. [EU] Pelvis: The lower part of the abdomen, located between the hip bones. [NIH] Perianal: Located around the anus. [EU] Perineum: The area between the anus and the sex organs. [NIH] Peritoneal: Having to do with the peritoneum (the tissue that lines the abdominal wall and covers most of the organs in the abdomen). [NIH] Peritoneal Cavity: The space enclosed by the peritoneum. It is divided into two portions, the greater sac and the lesser sac or omental bursa, which lies behind the stomach. The two sacs are connected by the foramen of Winslow, or epiploic foramen. [NIH] Peritoneum: Endothelial lining of the abdominal cavity, the parietal peritoneum covering the inside of the abdominal wall and the visceral peritoneum covering the bowel, the mesentery, and certain of the organs. The portion that covers the bowel becomes the serosal layer of the bowel wall. [NIH] Phallic: Pertaining to the phallus, or penis. [EU] Pharmacologic: Pertaining to pharmacology or to the properties and reactions of drugs. [EU] Phospholipids: Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides; glycerophospholipids) or sphingosine (sphingolipids). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system. [NIH] Placenta: A highly vascular fetal organ through which the fetus absorbs oxygen and other nutrients and excretes carbon dioxide and other wastes. It begins to form about the eighth day of gestation when the blastocyst adheres to the decidua. [NIH] Plasma: The clear, yellowish, fluid part of the blood that carries the blood cells. The proteins that form blood clots are in plasma. [NIH] Pleura: The thin serous membrane enveloping the lungs and lining the thoracic cavity. [NIH] Pleural: A circumscribed area of hyaline whorled fibrous tissue which appears on the surface of the parietal pleura, on the fibrous part of the diaphragm or on the pleura in the interlobar fissures. [NIH] Pleural cavity: A space enclosed by the pleura (thin tissue covering the lungs and lining the

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interior wall of the chest cavity). It is bound by thin membranes. [NIH] Pleural Effusion: Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself. [NIH] Pneumonia: Inflammation of the lungs. [NIH] Polysaccharide: A type of carbohydrate. It contains sugar molecules that are linked together chemically. [NIH] Posterior: Situated in back of, or in the back part of, or affecting the back or dorsal surface of the body. In lower animals, it refers to the caudal end of the body. [EU] Postmenopausal: Refers to the time after menopause. Menopause is the time in a woman's life when menstrual periods stop permanently; also called "change of life." [NIH] Potassium: An element that is in the alkali group of metals. It has an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte and it plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the water-electrolyte balance. [NIH] Practice Guidelines: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for the health care practitioner to assist him in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery. [NIH] Predisposition: A latent susceptibility to disease which may be activated under certain conditions, as by stress. [EU] Pregnancy Outcome: Results of conception and ensuing pregnancy, including live birth, stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, induced abortion. The outcome may follow natural or artificial insemination or any of the various reproduction techniques, such as embryo transfer or fertilization in vitro. [NIH] Prenatal: Existing or occurring before birth, with reference to the fetus. [EU] Progesterone: Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. The principal progestational hormone of the body, secreted by the corpus luteum, adrenal cortex, and placenta. Its chief function is to prepare the uterus for the reception and development of the fertilized ovum. It acts as an antiovulatory agent when administered on days 5-25 of the menstrual cycle. [NIH] Promoter: A chemical substance that increases the activity of a carcinogenic process. [NIH] Prophase: The first phase of cell division, in which the chromosomes become visible, the nucleus starts to lose its identity, the spindle appears, and the centrioles migrate toward opposite poles. [NIH] Proteins: Polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape and function of the protein. [NIH] Psychiatry: The medical science that deals with the origin, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders. [NIH] Puberty: The period during which the secondary sex characteristics begin to develop and the capability of sexual reproduction is attained. [EU] Public Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions. [NIH] Receptor: A molecule inside or on the surface of a cell that binds to a specific substance and causes a specific physiologic effect in the cell. [NIH]

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Rectal: By or having to do with the rectum. The rectum is the last 8 to 10 inches of the large intestine and ends at the anus. [NIH] Rectum: The last 8 to 10 inches of the large intestine. [NIH] Recurrence: The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission. [NIH] Reductase: Enzyme converting testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. [NIH] Refer: To send or direct for treatment, aid, information, de decision. [NIH] Remission: A decrease in or disappearance of signs and symptoms of cancer. In partial remission, some, but not all, signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared. In complete remission, all signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared, although there still may be cancer in the body. [NIH] Resection: Removal of tissue or part or all of an organ by surgery. [NIH] Retroperitoneal: Having to do with the area outside or behind the peritoneum (the tissue that lines the abdominal wall and covers most of the organs in the abdomen). [NIH] Screening: Checking for disease when there are no symptoms. [NIH] Secondary tumor: Cancer that has spread from the organ in which it first appeared to another organ. For example, breast cancer cells may spread (metastasize) to the lungs and cause the growth of a new tumor. When this happens, the disease is called metastatic breast cancer, and the tumor in the lungs is called a secondary tumor. Also called secondary cancer. [NIH] Senile: Relating or belonging to old age; characteristic of old age; resulting from infirmity of old age. [NIH] Serum: The clear liquid part of the blood that remains after blood cells and clotting proteins have been removed. [NIH] Side effect: A consequence other than the one(s) for which an agent or measure is used, as the adverse effects produced by a drug, especially on a tissue or organ system other than the one sought to be benefited by its administration. [EU] Sigmoid: 1. Shaped like the letter S or the letter C. 2. The sigmoid colon. [EU] Sigmoid Colon: The lower part of the colon that empties into the rectum. [NIH] Small intestine: The part of the digestive tract that is located between the stomach and the large intestine. [NIH] Smooth muscle: Muscle that performs automatic tasks, such as constricting blood vessels. [NIH]

Smooth Muscle Tumor: A tumor composed of smooth muscle tissue, as opposed to leiomyoma, a tumor derived from smooth muscle. [NIH] Solvent: 1. Dissolving; effecting a solution. 2. A liquid that dissolves or that is capable of dissolving; the component of a solution that is present in greater amount. [EU] Sonogram: A computer picture of areas inside the body created by bouncing sound waves off organs and other tissues. Also called ultrasonogram or ultrasound. [NIH] Sound wave: An alteration of properties of an elastic medium, such as pressure, particle displacement, or density, that propagates through the medium, or a superposition of such alterations. [NIH] Specialist: In medicine, one who concentrates on 1 special branch of medical science. [NIH] Spontaneous Abortion: The non-induced birth of an embryo or of fetus prior to the stage of viability at about 20 weeks of gestation. [NIH]

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Sterility: 1. The inability to produce offspring, i.e., the inability to conceive (female s.) or to induce conception (male s.). 2. The state of being aseptic, or free from microorganisms. [EU] Steroid: A group name for lipids that contain a hydrogenated cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring system. Some of the substances included in this group are progesterone, adrenocortical hormones, the gonadal hormones, cardiac aglycones, bile acids, sterols (such as cholesterol), toad poisons, saponins, and some of the carcinogenic hydrocarbons. [EU] Stillbirth: The birth of a dead fetus or baby. [NIH] Stomach: An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum. [NIH] Stress: Forcibly exerted influence; pressure. Any condition or situation that causes strain or tension. Stress may be either physical or psychologic, or both. [NIH] Stromal: Large, veil-like cell in the bone marrow. [NIH] Subacute: Somewhat acute; between acute and chronic. [EU] Subarachnoid: Situated or occurring between the arachnoid and the pia mater. [EU] Subclinical: Without clinical manifestations; said of the early stage(s) of an infection or other disease or abnormality before symptoms and signs become apparent or detectable by clinical examination or laboratory tests, or of a very mild form of an infection or other disease or abnormality. [EU] Subcutaneous: Beneath the skin. [NIH] Systemic: Affecting the entire body. [NIH] Testicular: Pertaining to a testis. [EU] Testis: Either of the paired male reproductive glands that produce the male germ cells and the male hormones. [NIH] Tissue: A group or layer of cells that are alike in type and work together to perform a specific function. [NIH] Tissue Culture: Maintaining or growing of tissue, organ primordia, or the whole or part of an organ in vitro so as to preserve its architecture and/or function (Dorland, 28th ed). Tissue culture includes both organ culture and cell culture. [NIH] Tomography: Imaging methods that result in sharp images of objects located on a chosen plane and blurred images located above or below the plane. [NIH] Topical: On the surface of the body. [NIH] Toxic: Having to do with poison or something harmful to the body. Toxic substances usually cause unwanted side effects. [NIH] Toxicology: The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and pharmacologic action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations. [NIH] Toxins: Specific, characterizable, poisonous chemicals, often proteins, with specific biological properties, including immunogenicity, produced by microbes, higher plants, or animals. [NIH] Transvaginal ultrasound: A procedure used to examine the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and bladder. An instrument is inserted into the vagina, and sound waves bounce off organs inside the pelvic area. These sound waves create echoes, which a computer uses to create a picture called a sonogram. Also called TVS. [NIH] Ultrasonography: The visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the

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reflections of echoes of pulses of ultrasonic waves directed into the tissues. Use of ultrasound for imaging or diagnostic purposes employs frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 10 megahertz. [NIH] Urinary: Having to do with urine or the organs of the body that produce and get rid of urine. [NIH] Urine: Fluid containing water and waste products. Urine is made by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra. [NIH] Uterus: The small, hollow, pear-shaped organ in a woman's pelvis. This is the organ in which a fetus develops. Also called the womb. [NIH] Vagina: The muscular canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body. Also called the birth canal. [NIH] Vaginal: Of or having to do with the vagina, the birth canal. [NIH] Vascular: Pertaining to blood vessels or indicative of a copious blood supply. [EU] Veterinary Medicine: The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals. [NIH] Vimentin: An intermediate filament protein found in most differentiating cells, in cells grown in tissue culture, and in certain fully differentiated cells. Its insolubility suggests that it serves a structural function in the cytoplasm. MW 52,000. [NIH] Vitro: Descriptive of an event or enzyme reaction under experimental investigation occurring outside a living organism. Parts of an organism or microorganism are used together with artificial substrates and/or conditions. [NIH]

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INDEX A Abdominal, 4, 5, 7, 9, 15, 16, 18, 24, 51, 52, 53, 54, 59, 61 Abdominal Pain, 18, 51 Abscess, 7, 13, 14, 17, 51 Adrenal Cortex, 51, 55, 60 Adverse Effect, 28, 51, 61 Agonist, 51, 58 Alanine, 51, 58 Anal, 5, 51, 55 Analog, 51, 58 Anatomical, 51, 56 Androgenic, 51, 54 Androgens, 51 Anorectal, 7, 51 Antibody, 51, 57 Antigen, 21, 51, 57 Anus, 51, 57, 59, 61 Appendicitis, 11, 18, 51 Aromatase, 18, 51 Ascites, 11, 52 Aseptic, 52, 62 Aspiration, 13, 14, 15, 16, 20, 52 B Bacteria, 51, 52 Bactericidal, 52, 55 Base, 52, 57 Benign, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57 Bilateral, 11, 21, 52 Bile, 52, 55, 58, 62 Biological response modifier, 52, 57 Bladder, 17, 52, 53, 57, 62, 63 Bowel, 51, 52, 59 C Caesarean section, 5, 17, 52 Carbohydrate, 21, 52, 60 Carbon Dioxide, 52, 55, 59 Carcinogenic, 52, 60, 62 Carcinoma, 6, 14, 52 Case report, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 24, 52 Cell, 5, 6, 19, 51, 52, 54, 57, 58, 59, 60, 62 Central Nervous System, 51, 52, 53, 56 Central Nervous System Infections, 53, 56 Cervix, 6, 53 Cesarean Section, 4, 7, 53 Chronic, 18, 53, 57, 62 Clinical trial, 3, 35, 53

Computational Biology, 35, 53 Conception, 53, 55, 60, 62 Contraindications, ii, 53 Corpus, 53, 60 Corpus Luteum, 53, 60 Cortex, 53 Cranial, 53, 56 Craniocerebral Trauma, 53, 56 Cyst, 6, 13, 53 Cyst Fluid, 6, 13, 53 Cystectomy, 11, 15, 53 Cytochrome, 52, 53 Cytoplasm, 54, 58, 63 D Danazol, 17, 28, 54 Diagnostic procedure, 27, 54 Diaphragm, 54, 59 Digestion, 52, 54, 58, 62 Direct, iii, 54, 61 Disinfectant, 54, 55 E Ectopic, 9, 54 Electrolyte, 54, 60 Embryo, 9, 54, 60, 61 Embryo Transfer, 54, 60 Emulsion, 54, 55 Endometrial, 6, 14, 54 Endometriosis, 5, 11, 13, 28, 40, 54, 58 Endometrium, 9, 54, 58 Environmental Health, 34, 36, 54 Enzyme, 51, 54, 61, 63 Episiotomy, 5, 8, 14, 54 Epithelial, 53, 55 Estradiol, 19, 55 Estrogen, 52, 55 Ethanol, 13, 55 F Fallopian tube, 55, 62 Family Planning, 35, 55 Fat, 13, 55 Fertilization in Vitro, 55, 60 Fetus, 53, 55, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63 Fibroid, 4, 55, 57 Fine-needle aspiration, 17, 55, 58 Fixation, 13, 55 Fovea, 55 G Gallbladder, 51, 55

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Gastrin, 55, 56 Gastrointestinal, 55, 57 Gastrointestinal tract, 55, 57 Gene, 52, 55 Germ Cells, 55, 58, 59, 62 Gonadorelin, 56, 58 Governing Board, 56, 60 Groin, 56, 57 H Headache, 28, 56 Headache Disorders, 56 Hemorrhage, 53, 56 Hepatic, 10, 11, 56 Heterogeneity, 6, 56 Hormonal, 15, 56 Hormone, 8, 55, 56, 58, 60 Hormone Replacement Therapy, 8, 56 Hydrogen, 52, 56, 58 Hyperstimulation, 15, 56 Hypertension, 56 Hysterectomy, 7, 16, 56 Hysterotomy, 53, 56 I Immune response, 51, 56 Impairment, 28, 56, 57 In vitro, 6, 54, 56, 62 In vivo, 56 Incision, 52, 54, 56 Incisional, 4, 11, 57 Infection, 17, 52, 57, 58, 62 Infertility, 12, 40, 57 Inflammation, 51, 57, 60 Inguinal, 9, 57 Inguinal Hernia, 9, 57 Interferon, 6, 57 Interferon-alpha, 57 Intestinal, 4, 57 Intestinal Obstruction, 4, 57 Intestines, 51, 55, 57 Intracellular, 57, 60 K Kb, 34, 57 L Lacerations, 54, 57 Laparoscopy, 8, 57 Large Intestine, 57, 61 Latent, 57, 60 Leiomyoma, 55, 57, 61 Liver, 7, 8, 28, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 58 Localized, 51, 55, 57, 58 Lymphatic, 57, 58 Lymphocytes, 51, 58

M Malignancy, 4, 5, 58 MEDLINE, 35, 58 Membrane, 54, 58, 59 Menopause, 8, 58, 60 Menstrual Cycle, 58, 60 Menstruation, 58 Metaplasia, 18, 58 Metastasis, 6, 58 Molecular, 35, 37, 53, 58 Molecule, 51, 52, 58, 60 Morphological, 54, 58 N Nafarelin, 15, 24, 58 Needle biopsy, 55, 58 Nitrogen, 51, 55, 58 O Oocytes, 9, 58 Ophthalmology, 55, 58 Osteoporosis, 28, 59 Ovaries, 15, 52, 59 Ovary, 18, 53, 55, 59 Ovum, 53, 59, 60 P Pancreas, 51, 59 Parietal, 59 Pelvic, 11, 12, 14, 16, 20, 54, 59, 62 Pelvis, 59, 63 Perianal, 7, 14, 59 Perineum, 8, 59 Peritoneal, 52, 59 Peritoneal Cavity, 52, 59 Peritoneum, 59, 61 Phallic, 55, 59 Pharmacologic, 59, 62 Phospholipids, 55, 59 Placenta, 52, 55, 59, 60 Plasma, 16, 20, 51, 59 Pleura, 59 Pleural, 11, 59, 60 Pleural cavity, 59, 60 Pleural Effusion, 11, 60 Pneumonia, 53, 60 Polysaccharide, 51, 60 Posterior, 51, 54, 59, 60 Postmenopausal, 13, 15, 59, 60 Potassium, 19, 60 Practice Guidelines, 36, 60 Predisposition, 13, 60 Pregnancy Outcome, 12, 60 Prenatal, 54, 60 Progesterone, 19, 60, 62

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Promoter, 18, 60 Prophase, 58, 60 Proteins, 51, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62 Psychiatry, 55, 60 Puberty, 58, 60 Public Policy, 35, 60 R Receptor, 51, 60 Rectal, 4, 61 Rectum, 7, 8, 9, 14, 51, 57, 61 Recurrence, 15, 16, 61 Reductase, 52, 61 Refer, 1, 55, 61 Remission, 61 Resection, 12, 61 Retroperitoneal, 10, 61 S Screening, 53, 61 Secondary tumor, 58, 61 Senile, 59, 61 Serum, 5, 6, 9, 14, 21, 61 Side effect, 51, 61, 62 Sigmoid, 12, 61 Sigmoid Colon, 61 Small intestine, 56, 57, 61 Smooth muscle, 55, 57, 61 Smooth Muscle Tumor, 55, 61 Solvent, 28, 55, 61 Sonogram, 61, 62 Sound wave, 61, 62 Specialist, 41, 61 Spontaneous Abortion, 60, 61 Sterility, 6, 13, 15, 19, 20, 28, 57, 62

Steroid, 52, 54, 62 Stillbirth, 60, 62 Stomach, 51, 55, 56, 57, 59, 61, 62 Stress, 60, 62 Stromal, 18, 54, 62 Subacute, 57, 62 Subarachnoid, 56, 62 Subclinical, 57, 62 Subcutaneous, 6, 11, 18, 58, 62 Systemic, 57, 62 T Testicular, 52, 62 Testis, 55, 62 Tissue, 51, 52, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63 Tissue Culture, 62, 63 Tomography, 5, 6, 62 Topical, 55, 62 Toxic, iv, 62 Toxicology, 36, 62 Toxins, 51, 57, 62 Transvaginal ultrasound, 13, 15, 16, 62 U Ultrasonography, 19, 20, 62 Urinary, 53, 63 Urine, 52, 63 Uterus, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63 V Vagina, 8, 53, 56, 58, 62, 63 Vaginal, 54, 63 Vascular, 56, 57, 59, 63 Veterinary Medicine, 35, 63 Vimentin, 9, 63 Vitro, 63

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