BY A N D R E A P E L L E S C H I
COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD
COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD
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BY A N D R E A P E L L E S C H I
COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD
COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD
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7398,',-2%/%678 8LIOEVWXJSVQEXMSRWMRWSYXLIVR'LMREEVI GSRWMHIVIHWSQISJXLIQSWXWTIGXEGYPEVI\EQTPIW SJLYQMHXVSTMGEPXSWYFXVSTMGEPOEVWXPERHWGETIW MRXLI[SVPH/EVWXMWJSVQIH[LIRPMQIWXSRI HMWWSPZIWSZIVQMPPMSRWSJ]IEVWPIEZMRKFILMRH YRYWYEPP]WLETIHERHSJXIRFIEYXMJYPPERHJSVQW -RWSYXLIVR'LMREXLIOEVWXGSZIVWQSVIXLER WUYEVIQMPIW WUOQ -XMRGPYHIW XLIWXSRIJSVIWXWSJ7LMPMRXLIGSRIERHXS[IV OEVWXWSJ0MFSERHXLI;YPSRK/EVWX[LMGLFSEWXW KMERXWMROLSPIWREXYVEPFVMHKIWERHGEZIW7SYXLIVR 'LMRE´WOEVWX[EWHIWMKREXIHE9RMXIH2EXMSRW )HYGEXMSREP7GMIRXMJMGERH'YPXYVEP3VKERM^EXMSR 92)7'3 ;SVPH,IVMXEKIWMXIMR
8LIWIGSRHWXIT GSRWMWXWSJEZEWXEVMH VIKMSRMRRSVXL[IWX'LMRE RSVXLSJXLI/YRPYRERH 5MPMER1SYRXEMRW8LMW VIKMSRMRGPYHIWXLI8YVJER HITVIWWMSR1SRKSPMER 4PEXIEY8EVMQ&EWMRERH 0SIWW4PEXIEY8LI+SFM HIWIVXMWEPWSPSGEXIHMRXLMW EVIE 8LIXLMVHERHPS[IWX WXITWXVIXGLIWJVSQXLI IEWXIVREVIESJXLIWIGSRH WXITXSXLI'LMRE7IE 'SRWMWXMRKSJVSPPMRKLMPPW ERHTPEMRWXLMWEVIEMWJMPPIH [MXLVMZIVWGEREPWERHPEOIW -XMWEPWS[LIVIQSWXSJXLI TSTYPEXMSRPMZIW
3ZIVEPP'LMRELEWQSVIXLERVMZIVW8LIPSRKIWXVMZIVMWXLI =ERKX^IEX QMPIW OQ [LMGLJPS[WJVSQXLI4PEXIEYSJ8MFIX XSXLI)EWX'LMRE7IE8LI,YERK,I[LMGLMW QMPIW OQ PSRKJPS[WJVSQXLI/YRPYR1SYRXEMRWXSXLI&S,EMKYPJ7SYXLIVR 'LMRE´WPSRKIWXVMZIVXLI4IEVPMWETTVS\MQEXIP]QMPIW OQ
'39286-)73*8,);360( ',-2%
8LI7SYXL'LMRE/EVWXJSVQEXMSRW[IVIGVIEXIHF] XLIHMWWSPYXMSRSJPMQIWXSRISZIVQMPPMSRWSJ]IEVW
+)3+6%4,= 0%2(3*'3286%787
PSRK8LIHIPXESJIEGLSJXLIWIXLVIIVMZIVWJSVQWEJIVXMPIEKVMGYPXYVEP VIKMSR
&/,0$7($1'6($6216 -RKIRIVEPQSWXSJ'LMRELEWEQSRWSSRGPMQEXI[MXLEHMWXMRGXVEMR] WIEWSR-REQSRWSSRGPMQEXI[MRHWFPS[MRSRIHMVIGXMSRHYVMRKSRI WIEWSRERHWLMJXXSFPS[ JVSQERSXLIVHMVIGXMSR MRERSXLIVWIEWSR8LMW QIERWXLEXXLIJEPP[MRXIV =)003;6-:)6 ERHWTVMRKQSRXLWEVIHV] %VGLEISPSKMWXWFIPMIZIXLEXXLI,YERK,ISV=IPPS[ MR'LMREFYXXLIWYQQIV 6MZIVMWXLIGVEHPISJ'LMRIWIGMZMPM^EXMSRERHQER] QSRXLWEVIVEMR] SJ'LMRE´WERGMIRXGETMXEPW[IVIFYMPXEPSRKMXW FEROW7XEVXMRKEXXLI4PEXIEYSJ8MFIXXLI,YERK ,IWREOIWXLVSYKLKSVKIWFIJSVIMXGVSWWIW MRXSXLIVIPEXMZIP]JPEX0SIWW4PEXIEY3RGIXLIVIMX TMGOWYTPSSWI]IPPS[MWLFVS[RWSMPGEPPIHPSIWW ERHFIGSQIWQYHH]&]XLIXMQIXLI,YERK,I PIEZIWXLI0SIWW4PEXIEYMXGSRXEMRWIMKLXXMQIWXLI EQSYRXSJWMPXMXLEHYTSRIRXIVMRK-RJEGXWSQI I\TIVXWFIPMIZIMXWLSYPHFIGEPPIHEQYHJPS[VEXLIV XLEREVMZIV%WXLI,YERK,IJPS[WSZIVXLI2SVXL 'LMRE4PEMRMXHITSWMXWXLMWWMPXSRXSXLIPERHVEMWMRK XLIVMZIVFEROF]EWQYGLEWJSYVMRGLIW GQ IEGL]IEV
'39286-)73*8,);360( ',-2%
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,EVFMR iVQUM
7LIR]ERK
/EWLKEV
&IMNMRK
(EPMER
Bo Hai
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5MRKHES
0ER^LSY
Yellow Sea
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East China Sea
/YRQMRK 1IRK^M
Tai w
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an
St r
2ERGLERK
ait
0LEWE
7LERKLEM
2ERNMRK
;YLER 'LIRKHY 'LSRKUMRK
2ERRMRK
,SRK/SRK
PACIFIC OCEAN
South China Sea
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+)3+6%4,= 0%2(3*'3286%787
%:)6%+) 8)14)6%896)7%2(6%-2*%00
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2SVXLIEWX &IMNMRK
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8MFIX 0LEWE
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MRGLIW GQ
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7SYXL ,SRK/SRK
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7,%2+,%-RXLIIEVP]TEVXSJMXWLMWXSV]7LERKLEM[EWE WMQTPIJMWLMRKZMPPEKIFYXF]XLIIMKLXIIRXLGIRXYV] MXLEHFIGSQIEQENSVTSVXJSVWQYKKPMRKHVYKW° IWTIGMEPP]STMYQ-RXLIRMRIXIIRXLGIRXYV]XLI *VIRGLERH&VMXMWLWIXXPIHXLIVIQSHIVRM^MRKERH I\TERHMRKXLIGMX]YRXMPMXFIGEQIXLIPEVKIWXTSVX MR%WME-RXLI W7LERKLEM[EWORS[REWXLI ±4EVMWSJXLI3VMIRX²FYXMX[EWEPWSORS[RJSV STMYQWQYKKPMRKERHTVSWXMXYXMSR8LI'LMRIWI 'SQQYRMWX4EVX]GPIERIHYTQYGLSJXLIGMX]´W MPPIKEPEGXMZMX]8LIRMRXLI W7LERKLEMFIKER KVS[MRKIGSRSQMGEPP]-XVIZIVWIHMXWPSRKTIVMSHSJ HIGPMRIERHFIGEQI'LMRE´WPEVKIWXXVEHMRKGIRXIV 6IGIRXP]QMPIWSJRI[LMKL[E]WXLSYWERHWSJ WO]WGVETIVWERHXLI[SVPH´WJEWXIWXXVEMRLEZIFIIR FYMPXXLIVI
7LERKLEMMWSRISJ'LMRE´WQENSVGMXMIW
+)3+6%4,= 0%2(3*'3286%787
'39286-)73*8,);360( ',-2%
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1EQQEPW
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6ITXMPIW
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4PERXW
8SXEP
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1EGEUYIWPMZIMRXLIXLMGOJSVIWXWMRXLI5MSRKPEM1SYRXEMRW
%2-1%07%2(2%896) (-:)67-8=3*0-*)
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'39286-)73*8,);360( ',-2%
8LIPEQQIVKIMIVPMZIWMRQSYRXEMRSYWEVIEW
%2-1%07%2(2%896) (-:)67-8=3*0-*)
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'LMREMWLSQIXSVEVI ERHERGMIRXTPERXW8LI KMRKOSXVIILEWFIIRJSYRH MRJSWWMPWQMPPMSR]IEVW SPH8LMWSVREQIRXEPXVII [EWXLSYKLXXSFII\XMRGX MRXLI[MPHFYXMXLEW FIIRWTSXXIHMR>LINMERK 4VSZMRGI8LIQIXEWIUYSME EQMPPMSR]IEVSPH GSRMJIV[EWEPWSXLSYKLXXS FII\XMRGXFYXMX[EWJSYRH KVS[MRK[MPHMR7MGLYER4VSZMRGI8LIHSZIXVIISVTETIVXVIIPMZIWSRP] MRXLIHIGMHYSYWJSVIWXWSJWSYXL[IWXIVR'LMRE
'39286-)73*8,);360( ',-2%
1ER]SJ'LMRE´WSXLIVTPERXWTVSHYGIMQTSVXERXTVSHYGXW*SV I\EQTPIXYRKGEQTLSVPEGUYIVERHWXEVERMWIXVIIWTVSHYGITSPMWLIW QIHMGMRIWERHWTMGIW0EVGLTMRIERHSEOXVIIWEVIYWIHJSVXMQFIV &EQFSSERMGSRSJ'LMREXLEXMWEGXYEPP]EXVIIPMOIKVEWWMWYWIHXSFYMPH LSYWIWERHQEOIXSSPWERHMWEPWSIEXIR
(19,5210(17 ;MXL'LMRE´WIGSRSQMG FSSQSZIVXLITEWX ]IEVWLEZIGSQIWIVMSYW IRZMVSRQIRXEPTVSFPIQW 6YVEPPERHWGETIWLEZIFIIR HIKVEHIHF]HIJSVIWXEXMSR ERHHIWIVXMJMGEXMSR (IWIVXMJMGEXMSRSGGYVW [LIRPMZIWXSGOKVE^IWMRER EVMHVIKMSRERHHIWXVS]W XLIZIKIXEXMSRVIWYPXMRKMR HYWXWXSVQWERHHIWIVXW XLEXGVIITGPSWIVXSRIEVF] GMXMIW7MPXJVSQXLIHIWIVXW MWEPWSJMPPMRKYT'LMRE´W [EXIV[E]W*SVMRWXERGI XLI+VERH'EREPYWIHXSFI XLIPSRKIWXLYQERQEHI
+6%2('%2%0 8LI+VERH'EREPMWXLIPEVKIWXLYQERQEHI [EXIV[E]MRXLI[SVPHEXQMPIW OQ PSRK3VMKMREXMRKMR&IMNMRKMX[MRHWWSYXLGVSWWIW WIZIVEPVMZIVWMRGPYHMRKXLI,YERK,IERHXLI =ERKX^IERHIQTXMIWMRXSXLI=IPPS[7IE8LI +VERH'EREP[EWWXEVXIHMR &')EWE[E]XS EMHXVSSTQSZIQIRXMRXLIRSVXL1SWXSJXLIGEREP [EWGSQTPIXIHMRXLIWIZIRXLGIRXYV]')F]XLI 7YMH]REWX]IQTIVSV=ERKHM,I[ERXIHXSGSRRIGX LMWX[SGETMXEPW<M´ERERH0YS]ERKERHLI[ERXIH XSGSRRIGXXLIVMGL=ERKX^I6MZIVVIKMSRERH XLIWSYXLIVRVMGIKVS[MRKVIKMSR[MXLXLIQSVI TSTYPSYWPERHSJXLIRSVXL8LIGEREP[EWI\XIRHIH EPPXLI[E]XS&IMNMRKYRHIV1SRKSPGSRXVSPMRXLI XLMVXIIRXLGIRXYV]')
%2-1%07%2(2%896) (-:)67-8=3*0-*)
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[EXIV[E]MRXLI[SVPH FYXXSHE]MXMWPEVKIP] MQTEWWEFPI8SEHHVIWWXLI TVSFPIQSJHIWIVXMJMGEXMSR XLI'LMRIWIKSZIVRQIRX LEWMQTPIQIRXIHRI[PE[W XLEXPMQMXXLIRYQFIVSJ PMZIWXSGOEPPS[IHMREWMRKPI EVIE,S[IZIVI\TIVXW [SVV]XLIWIPE[WEVIXSS PMXXPIERHXSSPEXI
(IZIPSTQIRX LEWEPWSXEOIRE[E] MQTSVXERXLEFMXEXWJSV QER]IRHERKIVIHWTIGMIW MRGPYHMRKXLIKMERXTERHE8S GSQFEXXLMWPSWWSJLEFMXEX 'LMRELEWGVIEXIHQSVIXLERTVSXIGXIHEVIEWMRGPYHMRKREXYVI VIWIVZIWJSVIWXTEVOWWGIRMGEVIEWERHRSRLYRXMRKEVIEW 8LIJMVWXEVIE [EWIWXEFPMWLIHMR SR(MRKLY1SYRXEMRMR+YERKHSRK4VSZMRGI 8SHE]EFSYXTIVGIRXSJXLIGSYRXV]´WPERHLEWFIIRWIXEWMHIJSV GSRWIVZEXMSR
%MVTSPPYXMSRPMRKIVWSZIV'LMRIWIGMXMIW
'39286-)73*8,);360( ',-2%
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JVSQXLIMVJEXLIVWERHLEHEFWSPYXITS[IVMRGPYHMRKWSQIMRJPYIRGIMR LIEZIR;LIRXLIOMRKWHMIHXLI][IVIFYVMIH[MXLWEGVMJMGMEPWPEZIW ERHGETXMZIWJVSQ[EVW8LI7LERK[IVIXLIJMVWXKVSYTMR'LMREXSYWI [VMXMRK -RXLIIPIZIRXLGIRXYV]&')XLI7LERK[IVIHIJIEXIHF]XLI>LSY EWIQMRSQEHMGXVMFIXLEXLEHWIXXPIHMRXLI;IM6MZIVZEPPI]8LI>LSY HIZIPSTIHEJIYHEPW]WXIQSJKSZIVRQIRXMR[LMGLVIPEXMZIWSJXLI>LSY OMRKFIGEQIPSVHWSZIVTISTPIPMZMRKMRWXEXIW[MXLMRXLIOMRKHSQ8LI >LSYOMRKW[IVIXLSYKLXXSFI±7SRWSJ,IEZIR²[MXLHMZMRIVMKLXW%PP PERHMRXLIOMRKHSQFIPSRKIHXSXLIOMRKERH[EWLIPHF]SXLIVWEWKMJXW %XXLIIRHSJXLI>LSYH]REWX]GEQIXLI;EVVMRK7XEXIWTIVMSH ¯&') HYVMRK[LMGLXLIJIYHEPWXEXIWFEXXPIHJSVHSQMREXMSR 8LMWTIVMSHMWEPWSVIJIVVIHXSEWXLI'PEWWMGEPIVEFIGEYWITLMPSWSTLIVW HIZIPSTIH'SRJYGMERMWQ8ESMWQERH0IKEPMWQEXXLEXXMQI-REHHMXMSR PMXIVEXYVIJPSYVMWLIHHYVMRKXLMWIVEERHWGLSPEVW[VSXIHS[REW]WXIQSJ PE[W
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,-7836= 8,)30()78'-:-0->%8-32
'LMRIWIGYPXYVIQER]'LMRIWITISTPIVIJYWIHXSEGGITX1SRKSPMERVYPI 6IFIPPMSRWPIHF]ETIEWERXREQIH>LY'LSRKFEJSVGIHXLI1SRKSPWXS VIXVIEXRSVXLSJXLI+VIEX;EPP -R >LY'LSRKFEGVIEXIHXLI1MRKH]REWX]ERHIWXEFPMWLIHXLI GETMXEPMR2ERNMRK%JXIVREQMRKLMQWIPJXLI,SRK[YIQTIVSVLIGLERKIH XLIWXVYGXYVISJXLIKSZIVRQIRXXSKMZILMQWIPJQSVITS[IVXLER TVIZMSYWIQTIVSVW 7LSVXP]EJXIV,SRK[YHMIHXLI=SRKPIIQTIVSVWIM^IHTS[IVMR 8LI=SRKPIIQTIVSV[EW,SRK[Y´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,-7836= 8,)30()78'-:-0->%8-32
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QEVOIXWEVI
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7LIR]ERK
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Bo Hai
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East China Sea
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2ERGLERK
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2ERRMRK
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PACIFIC OCEAN
South China Sea
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6IWSYVGIWSJ'LMRE
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8IR]IEVSPH>LSY=ME]MRK°SV&IPPEEWWLI´WGEPPIHF]LIV)RKPMWL REQI°TYXWMREPSRKHE]EXWGLSSPERHXLIRQYWXGSQTPIXILSQI[SVO HMRRIVERHTMERSTVEGXMGI0MOIQSWX'LMRIWIWXYHIRXWWLIWTIRHW ETTVS\MQEXIP]JMZILSYVWEHE]HSMRKLSQI[SVO%JXIVXLEXMJ&IPPEMW EPPS[IHXS[EXGL8:WLIQYWX[EXGLXLIRI[W)ZIV]7EXYVHE]WLIXEOIW ETVITGPEWWJSVLIVQMHHPIWGLSSPIRXVERGII\EQW &IPPEERH7IZIR)PIZIREVIPYGO]FIGEYWIXLI]PMZI[MXLQMHHPIGPEWW JEQMPMIW=Y;ERKLS[IZIVMWRSXWSPYGO],IPMZIWMRETSSVWIGXMSRSJ ,SLLSX&IGEYWIXLIQMPOVEXMSRTVSZMHIHF]XLIKSZIVRQIRXMWWSWQEPP ;ERK´WJEXLIVFSYKLXEWLIITXLEXLIOIITWMRXLIGSYRXV])ZIV]HE]XLI JEXLIVFMG]GPIWQMRYXIWWSLIGERFVMRKFEGOJVIWLQMPOJSVXLIJEQMP] &IWMHIWWXYH]MRK;ERKXEOIWTMERSTEMRXMRKKYMXEVERHHERGIGPEWWIW,MW TEVIRXWWXVYKKPIXSVEMWIXLIQSRI]XSTVSZMHIXLIWIGPEWWIWJSVXLIMVWSR
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7XYHIRXWIRVSPPIHMRQMHHPIWGLSSP
7XYHIRXWIRVSPPIHMRLMKLWGLSSP
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QMPPMSR
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ZEGEXMSRGPEWWIWERHJSVFMHXIEGLIVWXSEWWMKR[VMXXIRLSQI[SVOXSJMVWX ERHWIGSRHKVEHIVW
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',-2%83(%=
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',%48)6430-8-'7 %1908-0%=)6)(7=78)1 2EXMSREP+ISKVETLMG%XPEWSJ'LMRE;EWLMRKXSR(' 2EXMSREP+ISKVETLMG7SGMIX] 4VMRX ±&EGOKVSYRH2SXI 'LMRE²97(ITEVXQIRXSJ7XEXI97(ITEVXQIRXSJ7XEXI%YK ;IF.ER 8LI'IRXVEP4ISTPI´W+SZIVRQIRXSJXLI4ISTPI´W6ITYFPMGSJ'LMRE[[[KSZGRIRKPMWL ;IF.ER
',%48)6 )'3231-'7 6-7-2+78%6 2EXMSREP+ISKVETLMG%XPEWSJ'LMRE;EWLMRKXSR(' 2EXMSREP+ISKVETLMG7SGMIX] 4VMRX ±8LI;SVPH*EGXFSSO 'LMRE²'IRXVEP-RXIPPMKIRGI%KIRG]'IRXVEP-RXIPPMKIRGI%KIRG] .ER;IF.ER -FMH ±'SYRXV]4VSJMPI 'LMRE²0MFVEV]SJ'SRKVIWW0MFVEV]SJ'SRKVIWW*IHIVEP6IWIEVGL (MZMWMSR%YK;IF .ER ±'LMRE²)RG]GPSTHME&VMXERRMGE)RG]GPSTHME&VMXERRMGE;IF.ER
(/)]I[MXRIWW8VEZIP+YMHIW 'LMRE2I[=SVO (SVPMRK/MRHIVWPI]4VMRX ±&EGOKVSYRH2SXI 'LMRE²97(ITEVXQIRXSJ7XEXI97(ITEVXQIRXSJ7XEXI%YK ;IF.ER ±'LMRE²)RG]GPSTHME&VMXERRMGE)RG]GPSTHME&VMXERRMGE;IF.ER .SLR&V]ER7XEVV9RHIVWXERHMRK'LMRE2I[=SVO ,MPPERH;ERK4VMRX 2EXMSREP+ISKVETLMG%XPEWSJ'LMRE;EWLMRKXSR(' 2EXMSREP+ISKVETLMG7SGMIX] 4VMRX -FMH -FMH (/)]I[MXRIWW8VEZIP+YMHIW 'LMRE2I[=SVO (SVPMRK/MRHIVWPI]4VMRX ±'LMRE²)RG]GPSTHME&VMXERRMGE)RG]GPSTHME&VMXERRMGE;IF.ER -FMH 2EXMSREP+ISKVETLMG%XPEWSJ'LMRE;EWLMRKXSR(' 2EXMSREP+ISKVETLMG7SGMIX] 4VMRX -FMH ±8LI;SVPH*EGXFSSO 'LMRE²'IRXVEP-RXIPPMKIRGI%KIRG]'IRXVEP-RXIPPMKIRGI%KIRG] 1EV;IF1EV -FMH 7XITLIR%0IMFS)EWXERH7SYXLIEWX%WME,EVTIVW*IVV];: 7XV]OIV4SWX 4VMRX .SLR&V]ER7XEVV9RHIVWXERHMRK'LMRE2I[=SVO ,MPPERH;ERK4VMRX
',%48)6 ',-2% 83(%= .SLR&V]ER7XEVV9RHIVWXERHMRK'LMRE2I[=SVO ,MPPERH;ERK4VMRX -FMH .SLR&V]ER7XEVV9RHIVWXERHMRK'LMRE2I[=SVO ,MPPERH;ERK4VMRX .SWITL/ELR±1MPMXEV]3JJMGIV8MIHXS/MPPMRKW-W,IPHF]'LMRE²2I[=SVO8MQIW2I[ =SVO8MQIW(IG;IF 1EV ±8LI;SVPH*EGXFSSO 'LMRE²'IRXVEP-RXIPPMKIRGI%KIRG]'IRXVEP-RXIPPMKIRGI%KIRG] .ER;IF.ER
? ,1'(; A DKVMGYPXYVI¯ ERMQEPW ¯ EVGLMXIGXYVI ¯ EVIE EVXW¯ ¯ EXLIMWQ EEQFSS &IMNMRK¯ ¯ &S,EMKYPJ FSVHIVMRKGSYRXVMIW¯ &S\IV6IFIPPMSR &YHHLMWQ
FEPPMKVETL] GIRWSVWLMT 'LER.EGOMI 'LMERK/EMWLIO¯ 'LMRIWI'SQQYRMWX4EVX] ¯ ¯ 'LMRIWI2I[=IEV 'M\M GPMQEXI¯ GSPPIGXMZIW 'SQQYRMWQ¯ 'SRJYGMERMWQ¯ 'SRJYGMYW¯ GSRWXMXYXMSR
'YPXYVEP6IZSPYXMSR ¯ GYVVIRG]
'IRK<MESTMRK HIWIVXMJMGEXMSR¯ HIWIVXW¯
(EWX'LMRE7IE¯ IGSRSQMGKVS[XL ¯ IHYGEXMSR ¯ IRHERKIVIHWTIGMIW IRZMVSRQIRXEPXLVIEXW¯ IXLRMGKVSYTW¯ )ZIVIWX1SYRX I\TSVXW¯
)EPYR+SRK
+ER H]REWX] ,ER'LMRIWI¯ ,ER*IM^M ,MQEPE]EW LSPMHE]W ,SRK/SRK ,SRK[YIQTIVSV ,Y.MRXES ,YERK,I ,YM LQTSVXW¯ MRHYWXVMIW ¯ MRJVEWXVYGXYVI¯ MRZIRXMSRW -WPEQ¯ -IX0M
JSSH ¯ ¯ *SVFMHHIR'MX]¯ JSYVKVIEXMRZIRXMSRW
NEVWX
JEVHIRW +IRKLMW/LER KMERXTERHEW KSZIVRQIRXWXVYGXYVI ¯ +VERH'EREP +VIEX;EPPSJ'LMRE KVSWWHSQIWXMGTVSHYGX
OERKYEKI¯ PIEHIVWGYVVIRX 0IKEPMWQ PMJII\TIGXERG] PMXIVEG]VEXI PMXIVEXYVI ¯ 0SIWW4PEXIEY 0SRK1EVGL
/YFPEM/ELR OYRKJY
0EGEY 1ERGLY ¯ 1ERHEVMR 1ES>IHSRK ¯ 1IRGMYW¯ 1MRK QMRSVMX]KVSYTW¯ 1SRKSPW¯ QYWMG¯
TSZIVX] TVIQMIV ¯ TVIWMHIRX ¯ TVSZMRGIW¯ 4Y]M¯
1ERNMRK
¯ VIRQMRFM VMGI ¯
REXMSREPGETMXEP 2EXMSREP4ISTPI´W'SRKVIWW REXYVEPVIWSYVGIW¯ 2KY]IR%R
RJJMGMEPREQI 3P]QTMG+EQIW STIVE 3TMYQ;EVW¯ SEKSHEW 4ISTPI´W0MFIVEXMSR%VQ] TLMPSWSTL] ¯ TPERXW¯ 4PEXIEYSJ8MFIX TSPMXMGEPTEVXMIW ¯ TSPPYXMSR ¯ TSTYPEXMSR ¯
4MERPSRK
8MERERQIR7UYEVI 8MFIX XSYVMWQ
:IR.MEFES
5MR¯ 5MRK ¯
;ME
UIPMKMSR
<ERKX^I6MZIV
6LERK¯ 7LERKLEM 7LMLYERKHM¯ WMPO 7MPO6SEH 7SRK WTSVXW ¯ 7XEXI'SYRGMP ¯ 7YR=EXWIR
<M´ER =IPPS[6MZIV7II,YERK,I =IPPS[7IE =SRKPIIQTIVSV =ER
=LSY
7EM[ER 8ERK¯ 8ESMWQ XIE 8IQTPISJ,IEZIRGSQTPI\ XIVVEGSXXEWSPHMIVW
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
